VERSTY

IBRARY

3 1924 082 614 367

LIBRARY

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FROM THE

SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND

THE GIFT OF

Henry Sage

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

924 082 614 367

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TO

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

VOLUME LX IV., 1905.

A. Tage

Acetylene Gas for House Light¬
ing . 222

Agriculture in Ontario . 813

Agricultural College, Cornell.. 40

Department. U. S . 556

Education, Itise of . 67

Air In Water Pipe . 807

Akebia Quinata . 702, 880

Alcohol in Medicines . 884

Alfalfa and Lime . 253

And Sweet Clover . 113

Clark's . 529, 033

Clipping for Winter . 712

Experience . 551

Fertilizer for . 610

Fields, Subsoiling . 114

For Inoculating . 530, 584

Growing in Utah . 228

Hay Curing . 470

Heavy Feeding for . 015

In New Jersey . 550

In North Carolina . 518

In Oklahoma . 113

Inoculation . 705

In Silo . 104

Lime for . 201

More About . 002

Notes . 359, 377, 713

Problems . 502

Question . 209

Seeding to . 20

Shall We Iteseed . 355

Soil for Inoculating . 480

Suitable Land For . 454

Talk . 631, 079, 695

Turkestan . 375

Value of . 300, 808

Which Field for . 423

Working for . 519

Ammonia, Cosit of . 551

Angleworm Queries . 408

Angleworms in Cabbage . 440

Ants. Bisulphide of Carbon for, 000

Killing . 450, 840

Small Red . 000

Aphis, Woolly, and Sod Or¬
chard . 57

Woolly. On Old 'frees . 534

Apple, Akin . 139

Baldwin. Early Blooming. . 472

Belle Bonne . 808

Bismarck . 142

Blight, Treatment for . 488

Borers, Remedy for . 530

Butter Making . 664

Cooper’s Market . 50

“Cores and Skins” . 032

Crop . 733

Culture, Vergon System,... 137

Day, National _ 131, 748, 797

Ensee . 791

Fall Beauty . 400

Good New . 711

Growing in Oregon . 17

King David . 330

King Edward . 277

Liveland Raspberry . 77

McMahon . 822

“No Blow” . 97

Notes, Ohio . 271, 393

Orchard, Fertilizing . 201

Orchards, Grass Mulch for. 137

Orchard. Renewing . 824

Peck’s Pleasant . 30, 114

Picking . 728

Picture On . 804

Pomace as Fertilizer . 227

Red Winter Sweet . 13

Scions from Bearing Trees. 741
Seedless, 245, 320, 300, 428,

492. 556, 792, 900
Stayman, With Baldwin

Spot . 77

Sutton Beauty . 095

Sutton, for New England... 584

The Basket . 472

Trees, Bearing Age of . 350

Trees, Dwarf . .*. 200

Trees, Dying . 450

Trees, IIow Close to Plant. 270

Trees, Lime Around . 31

Trees, Scraper for . 770

Trees, Topworking . 841

Trees, Unfruitful . 174

Trees, When to Trim . 201

Wealthy, for Australia.... 124

Winter Orange . 401

Wolf River . 19, 99

Apples, Cooper Plated . 370

Feeding Value of . 103

For Adlrondneks . 57

For Cows . 787

For Maine . 080

For New Jersey . 200

For New York . 900

For N. Y. Market . 204

For Ohio . 79, 208, 253

For Southern Jersey . 145

For the South . 200

From Georgia . 54

Hauling . 823

In Arkansas . 829

In Austria . 004

In Boxes or Barrels . 397

In Dairy Section . 781

In Delaware . 823

In Ohio . 749

In West Virginia . 917

Page

In Wet Soil . 440

Picking . 669

Poor, in Fancy Barrel . 95

Second Crop . 911

Spray of . 926

Steamed . 472

Storing . 927

Araucaria, Frosted . 928

Ashes and Hen Manure . 298

For Peach 'frees . 880

Hard Wood . 664

Leached, Value of . 512

Lime in . 375

Vs. Fertilizer . 375

With Manure . 37

Astilbe David i . 522

Asparagus and Salt . 458

And Smilax . 017

Beetle . 374

Beetle, Fighting . 488

Culture . 407, 518

Forcing In Greenhouse . 36

In Michigan . 550

Rust . 648

Notes . 520

Profits in . 340

Rust in California . 573

Treatment of . 630

Automobile Crimes . 223

Drivers, Reckless . 40

Law, New Jersey . 400

School . 450

Backyard, Possibilities of. . 298

B.

Bacteria Cultures . 287

Feeding a Stock of. . 223

Nltro-Culture . 300

Soil . 80

Baking Powder . 30

Balsam. Sultan . 580

Barberry, Propagating . 290

Thunherg’s . 394

Barn. Dairy, for South . 727

Heater . 925

Of Concrete Blocks . 74

Raising . 119

With Basement . 201

Basic Slag . 704

Bathroom and Kitchen Con¬
veniences . 500

Arrangements . 340

Convenience . 502

Homemade . » . 353

Inexpensive . 422

In Greenhouse . 249

Beach, Prof. S. A., Goes to

Iowa . 74

Bean, Lima, Dwarf . 170

Beans, Culture of . 770

Nitrate on . 032

Spraying . 371

Beef in New England . 659

Prices . 508

Trust . 40

Trust Decision . 100

Bees and Poultry . 325

Beet Seed, Single Germ . 410

Sugar . 630, 809

Beetle. Steely . 471

Begonias. Tuberous . 881

Berries, Paraffined . 030

Berry Patch, Indiana . 048

Birds and Fruit . 412, 500, 593

Blackberries, Double Flowered. 505

For South . 274

Orange Rust on . 298

Propagation of . 010

Transplanting . 010

Blackberry, Evergreen . 777

Hardiest . 890

Snvder . 272

Ward . 180, 730, 912

Blackcaps, Planting . 770

Black Cherry. Poisonous to

Cattle . 508

Boarders. Summer . 779

Bob White . 500

Bone, Green, Value of . 78

With Lime . 929

Bones, Sulphured, for Poultry.

Bonora .

Acts Well .

Borax, Write-Up for .

Bordeaux Mixture .

Dry .

For Beans .

Making .

With New Process Limes..

391, 439,

With Soda .

Bats in Houses .

Boy T>abor .

Bread. Union Label on .

Breakfast Foods .

Breeding, Cross .

Brooder. Gasoline . 371,

Brook, Pollution of .

Buckwheat. Feeding Value of..

For Mites .

Budding, 'fop. to Mix Pollen..

Bulb Planting .

Bull>s and Seeds. . .

Bull. Good Guernsey .

Korndyke Butter Boy....

043

40

522

157

370
178

371
178

031

350

477

635

154

900

720

840

270

103

042

94

746

890

42

939

Page

Burbank, Luther, Work of...

24, 860, 910
Burbank’s Fruits, Value of.... 534

Butter, Coloring . 005, 658

Color from Cow . 595

Farm, Improving . 771

Fat Bill . 287

Fat, How to Increase . 691

Fraud . 444

From Holstein Cream . 818

From One Cow . 852

Making . 43

Making at Home . 94, 104

Milk, Market for . 222, 347

Or Milk. Selling . 010, 059

Slow to Come . 44

Sticking to Ladle . 811, 920

Streaks in . 875, 939

Without Any Cow . 775

C.

Cabbage, Angleworms in . 440

Blind . 107

Harlequin Bug on . 296

Maggots . 339, 552

Rot . 912

Snake . 35

Storehouse . 21

Trouble with . 229

Cactus Fruits . 714, 846

Calf. Bull, Ration for . 579

Food, Unpractical . 83

Jersey, Raising . 407

Mange on . 547, 562

Raising . 482, 707

California Notes . 383

Work and Wages in . 93

Cal la, Rose-colored . 490

Callas, Y'ellow . 490

Calochortus . 018

Calves, Buying from Dairymen 307

Dishorning . 923

Feeding . 594

Mange on . 027

Scours in . 707

Separator Milk for . . 74

With Abnormal Appetite. . 200

Canal, Erie . 00

Question . 86

Cannery Shark . 214

Canning Factory . 121, 879

Carbonic Acid, What Be¬
comes of? . 647

Capital Stock . 913

Carnations, Growing . 487

In Maryland . 97

Catalogue Reviews ..172, 173, 187

Catalpa from Seed . 843

Caterpillar Crusades . 730

Cats, Coon . 209

Cattails for Forage . 424

Cattle, Ayrshire . 85

And Black Cherry . 508

Bone Ail In . 027

Breeders Meet . 480, . 874

Breeding for Production... 105

Dairy Breeds of . 839, 877

Dairy, in South . 900

Dishorning . 259, 451

Fat, Outlook for . 514

Galloway, Hides . 14

Guernsey, Auction . 451

Guernsey, Black-Nosed.... 33

Ilolsteins . 761

Holstein,, at Star Farm.... 73

Jersey, at South . 900

Lumpy Jaw in . 378

Molasses for . 498

Raising in New England. . . 63

Rations, Computing . 530

Salting . 83

Sale, Ilolstein . 490

Tick War . 901

Warts on . 45

Cedar Rust on Fruit . 845

Celeriac, Culture and Use of. 392

Celery Blight . 097

Caterpillars on . 010

Home-Grown . 882

Land for . 298

Mistake . 079

Cellar, Draining . 374, 759

Making Water-tight . 512

Cement. Action of Fire on.... 033

And Lime for Mortar . 424

Blocks . 21, 582, 822

Care in Use of . 309

For Dam . 727

For Farm Buildings . 47

For Roof . 121, 865

For Silo . 406, 456

For 'fin Roof . 75

In Baltimore Fire . 60

Posts . 33, 823, 921

Posts, Barl>ed Wire in . 140

Wall Cracking . 211

Cemeteries, Rural . 130, 471

Charcoal as Fertilizer . 96

Chayote . 229

Cheerfulness . 849

Chemicals and Clover Up to
Date... 251. 278, 293, 319, 337

With Manure . 375

Cherries In Washington . 30

Cherry and Pear on One Tree. 50
Chinese Weeping . 426

Page

Dwarf Rocky Mountain.. . .

Holly Leaved .

Sprouts. Grafting .

'frees, Budding . .

'frees Die .

'frees, Protecting .

Trees, Pruning .

Chestnut Culture in America,

100,

Experience .

Timber .

Chestnuts in Colorado .

In Illinois .

In Virginia .

Chick Brooders .

Brooder, Gasoline . 371,

Chicks, Ailing .

Brooder, Dying .

Bald-Headed .

On Shares .

Rations for .

Strong, Raising .

Lice on .

White, and Vermin .

Chicken, Best Roaster,

234, 303,

Broiler Factory .

Yards, Fruit 'frees in .

Chickens, Gapes in .

In Asparagus Patch .

Pip in .

Roup in .

Shipping .

Chimney, Dripping . 224,

Chinch Bugs and Sheep .

Chinese Workmen .

Christmas In Odd Corners....

Trees. Too Many .

Chrysanthemum Show .

Churning, New Method of . . . .

Trouble With . 14,

City Flat Dweller on Vegeta¬
bles .

Or Country .

Clover and Cow Peas in Del¬
aware . 744,

Alslke .

And Lime .

Chaff for Poultry .

Crimson .

Crimson. Behavior of .

Crimson. Seeding . 505,

Experiments .

Fertilizing Value of .

In Eastern Maryland .

In Silo . 305,

In Wheat Stubble, 031, 079.
Mammoth in Peach Orchard

Questions About .

Seed, Mixing .

Sweet, and Alfalfa .

Coal Ashes and Mulching .

Ashes. Value of .

'far as Paint . 117, 153,

Codling Moth .

Moth, Bands for .

Moth, Parasite of .

Cold Room in Icehouse .

Colt, Care in Winter .

Weak in Hocks .

With Injured Leg .

Colts, Breeding and Care of. . .

Concrete Blocks . 21. 582,

Facts About .

For Barn .

For Farm Use .

Wall .

Conifers. Young. Handling. . . .
Consumers, High Prices for...
Consumptives, Treatment of. .

Corn and Cow Pea Hay .

And Potatoes In Same Field

Big Pennsylvania .

Bloom .

Bran, Value of .

Dent and Flint . .

Fodder for Horses .

Fodder, Stacking .

Gospel of .

Husking in Massachusetts.

Hybridization . 553,

In Michigan .

Kainit for .

Seed, Saving .

Shortening Season of .

Sweet, Suckers on .

Sweet, Voorhees, Red .

Sweet, Weight of .

Tailing .

When to Cut .

Corpus Sangulnea .

Cotton and Wool Prices .

Burning .

Price of .

Cottonseed Meal. Feeding,

546, 627,

Meal for Cows .

Meal, Testing .

Country ard City .

Cow. Abortion in . 451,

Ailing . 300,

Anti-Sucking Bit for .

Ayrshire, for Cream... 675,

Comfort .

Cottonseed Meal for,

400, 627, 691, 707,

Farrow .

Feeds, Talk About .

147

80

792

336

648

713

530

316

232

030

30

54

75

285

840

042

540

577

261

237

754

547

073

800

926

183

009

709

785

785

897

387

19

075

917

40

825

533

380

095

078

800

913

341

090

281

096

554

93

94
230
381
713
424
227
477
113
449

50

207
57

407

46

894

847

074

547

501

822

90

74

199

792

370

742

577

537

354

208
301
283
929
149

519
215
104
599
438

20

773

358

000

204

109

178

712

520
215

40

24

801

770

474

573

059

552

201

707

43

770

787

315

Page

Fine Holstein . 616

Gem of Brookside . 835

Gives Bitter Milk . 787

Gives Bloody Milk. 434, 787, 891
Notes . 726

Rations, 30, 43, 45, 62, 150,

182, 183, 200, 304, 503,

579, 707, 787, 891

Sucking Remedy . 4S0

Trouble with . 152

Udder, Working . 803

Weaner . 434

With Caked Udder .... 322, 503

With Cough . 282

With Diseased Udders. .738, 802

With Indigestion . 922

With Injured Udder . 578

With Lumpy Jaw . 723

With Mange . 128, 210, 200

With Retained Afterbirth,

283, 322

And Pumpkin Seeds . 31

Cows, Apples for . 787

Bloating . 307

That Chew Bones . 497

Fat Formers for . 283

Gluten for . 103

Gnaw Wood . 31

Grade . 834, 884

Grain for . 706

Hair Falling Out . 182

Pastured, Grain for.

567,579, 594

Silage and Bran for . S90

Soiling . 115

Teat, Defective . 43

Strenuous . 120

Teat, Scab on . 435

Two Ilolstein . 546

Winter Feed for . 380

Wintering on Hay . 84

Cowpox . 891

Crackerjack, Experience with. 014
Cranberry Business, Notes on. 502

Cream Problem . 105

Production . 65

Quality In . 213

Ripening . 407

Separating at Home . 170

Separators. Use of . 252

Trouble with . 434

Creamery Business . 043

Lease . 745

Crop Rotation . 270, 758

Crops, Catch . 540

For Plowing Under . 423

Cueuml>ers on Trellis . 314

Cultivators. Two-Rowed . 393

Currant, Chautauqua . 650

Comet . 650

Perfection . 650

Prolific . 616

White Imperial . 650

Worm, Controlling . 426, 015

Worms for Pruning . 426

Currants. Good New . 050

In Kansas . 928

Propagating . 147, 472

Red Cross . .• . 912

Customers, Complaints of . 488

Cutworm, Climbing . 471

D.

Dahlias, Insects on . 79

New Types of . 050

Wintering . 090, 712

Dairy Rutter . 282

Contract, Breach of . 140

Instruction in Pa . 885

Massachusetts . 939

Notes, 30, 63, 139, 483, 754,

874, 900, 939

Produce. Selling . 502

Room, Building . 322

School. Value of . 690, 722

Standards, Canadian . 515

Starting . 42

Dairying. Desert . 525

Facts About . 851

In New England . 878

Hard Problem in . 1

Dairyman, Advice to . 791

Dairymen, Needs of . 879

N. Y. Meet . 933

Day at Hope Farm . 619

Deed, Error In . 140

Deer in Connecticut . 123

In New Jersey . 652, 685

Dew, Beware of . 634

Dewberries, Culture of.

139, 106, 928

How to Grow . 226

In Iowa . 294

Dianthus Hybrids., . 300

Mi raid 11s . 826

Dielytra Spectabllis . 358

Dishwashing . 747

Ditch. Obstructed _ 472, 473, 745

Ditching Notes . 881

Dodder in Clover Field . 758

Dog. Great Dane . 110

Mange on . 610

St. Bernard, Care . 467

l

1]

INDEX.— THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Page

Does In Garden . 506

In N. Y. State . 24

Drainage for Hillside House.. 792

From Stable . 515

Hints . 775

Questions . 227

Tile . 877, 895

Drains, Stone . 729

Drought, in New Jersey . 589

Ducks. Pekin . 323

Picking . . .\ . 379

With Rheumatism . 707

Dynamite and Hogs . 519

Use of . 4.39, 497

E. ■

Eating. Intemperance in . 233

Bekford, Henry . 360

Education, Agricultural . 67

Egg Deal, More About . 531

Disease, Soft Shelled . 259

Pedigree . 643

Plant, Jersey Beauty . 930

Plants, Night Soil for.... 930

Record, Massachusetts . 674

Yield, Big . 217

Eggs, Bloody . 625

By Express . 364

Dark Colored Wanted . 303

Fancy Market for . 422

For Storage . 204

Guarantee for . 488

In Alcohol Barrels . 927

Medicated . 888

Preserving in Barrel . 515

Preserving in Water Glass,

297„ 340, 760, 779, 928

Shipping to Cuba . (ill

White Wanted . 305

Winter . 62

Elaeagnus Parvi flora . 698

Elm, Grafting . 600

Eucalyptus in Ohio . 277

Evergreens by Mail . 376

Propagating . 630

Experiment Stations at County

Farms . 390

Exposition at Portland, Ore,.. 557
Express Companies and Eggs.. 364

Package, Story of . 855

Reform . 91.7

Page

Crop-Bound . 236

Diarrhoea in . 285

I>arge vs. Small . 258

Surgery for . 482

Worms in . 45

Yarding . 580

Franchise Tax Daw . 460

Frauds, Chapter of . 360

Frcemartins . 771, 819,

875, 889

Frog Farming . 7

Frost, Protection From . 123

Fruit at N. Y. State Fair. . . . 705

Burbank's . 568, 615

Cedar Rust on . 845

Dryhouse . 145

Evaporator. Plan for . 58

Fertilizer for . 536

For Connecticut . 202

For Home Use . 206, 645

For Mississippi . 664

For New Mexico . 552

For N. Y. Market . 228

For Oklahoma . 744

For Pennsylvania . 202

For Wet Ground . 727

Growers’ Association, N. Yr. 59
Growing on Rough Hand. . . 469

How to Pick . 693

Illinois . 472

In Alabama . 879

In British Columbia . 933

In West Virginia . 869

Notes, Buckman's . 167

Notes, California . 70

Packing, Co-operative . 685

Seedless . 256

Small, Seeds of . 146

Sod Grown, Color in . 314

Temperate, for Tropics.... 696
’Trees for Ilenyards. ... 144, 183

rP**AA Xfnlno /iOO AKK

Fruto Farm Hits . 569

Fuchsia, Culture of . 207

Fumigation and Nursery Stock

3, 927

Dying Out . 812

With Hydrocyanic Acid Gas

178, 930

For Greenhouse . 117

Fur Outlook . 829

Furs, Grading and Packing... 679

Furnace. Air Supply for.. 122, 231

For Dryhouse . 145

F.

Fair, American Institute...

.. 728

Dominion .

.. 797

N. Y. State .

Farm Accounts .

. . IS

Buying .

. . 669

For Boarders .

. . 833

Help in Indiana .

.. 578

Huri-tlner .

Labor Question,

4 23, 459. 517, 523, 669

Laborers, Italians as . 25

Lands, Eastern . 55, 95

Lease . 47

Machinery . 346, 440, 843

Not^s . 641

Run-Down . . 597

Simple Life on . 775

Truck, July on . 581

Woman’s Day on . 629

Farmer and Canning Factory.. 121

And Game Laws . . . 789

License for Peddling . 346

Old, Talks . 60

Persevering . 3

Woman . 19

Farmers’ Institute in Cow

Barn . 269

Institutes, N. .1 . 797

Institutes, N. Y . r. . 824

’’Rights” . 8

Western, Coming East. 114, 198

Fanning At Long Range . 653

Cooperative . 123, 331

Fertilizer . 597

Florida . 4T

In Montana . 894

In Russia . 933

Poor . 115

Selling End of . 54

Farms, Abandoned, in New

England . 3

Incomes from . 605

Poor, Experiments at.. 454, 621

New England . 139

Farmhouse, Heating . S07

Fat of the Land . 652

Feed, How to Buy . 44

Feeding Problem . 153

Fence, Highway . 276

Line, Damage to . 38

Questions, Legal . 665

Fennel, Florence . 866

Fern, Tarrytown . 124

Ferrets . 786

Fertilizer, Basic Slag as . 764

Burned, Value of . 440

Charcoal as . 96

Exclusive Use of. . . 334

For Alfalfa..... . 616

For Apple Orchard . 201

For Fruit . 486, 536

For Grass . 63

For Potatoes . 110, 392

424, 522

For Roses . 554

For Wheat . 272, SS0

For Window Gaiden . 40

For Young Trees . 503

ITow Analyzed . 929

In Missouri . 74

In Texas . 116

Laws, Southern . 397

Lime with . 424

Mixing . 253

Nitrate of Potash as . 470

Packing-house . 632

Problems . 281

Quickly Available . 253

Sulphate of Iron for . 296

Talks . 694, 710

Turnips as . 206

Washing Away . 439

Fig Trees, Pruning . 224

Figs. Growing in Maine . 147

Financial Stringency . 872

File, Managing . 925

Fireplace, Building . v.*::

Fish Pond. Building . 664

Flies, Killing . 763

On Stock . 5 7! i

Florida. Favored Sections in.. 287

Farming . 827

Hogs . 10T

Na+acj 09

' 155/215, 523,' 637

Florists’ Convention . 648

Flower, Fadeless . 124, 586

Flowers in South Dakota . 408

Fly Killers. Homemade . 720

White, in Greenhouse. .. 36, 930

Fodder Crops . 403

Shredders, Hand . 80S

Stacking . 425

Fowls, Animal Meal for . 530

G.

Galax Leaves, ’Trade in . 537

Game Controversy . 904

Garbage for Hogs . 627

Garden. Close Culture in.. 565, 713

Gardening at School . 777

Garget, Remedy for . 435

Gas Injures Trees . 912

Ginseng, Facts About . 508, 509

Gladiolus. Autumn Giant . 794

Prlnceps Abroad . 650, 898

Glass. Bulled or Lapped.. 428, 582

Gooseberry Hybrids . 602

Grafting Elm . 600

Cherry Sprouts . 792

Plum Into Apricot . 424

Grain, Feeding in Sheaf . 677

Grange, National . 865

Notes, N. J . 744

In Small Places . 679

Grape Buds, Steely Beetle on. 471

Green Mountain . 570

Isabella . 898

Vines, Girdling . 568,

666. 728, 792

Vines. Planting . 896

Grapes, Black Rot of . 589

For .Telly . 808

Manure for . 929

Grass Root Diggers . 489

Grasshoppers. Killing . 865

Greenhouse Bench . . . 571

Best System of Glazing. ... 421

Bulled Glass for . 458

Cost of . 821

Information . 758

With Hotbed Sash . 791

Winter in . 837

Work in .Tune . 441

Work in July . 521

Work in August . 585

Work in September . 649

Work in October . 729

Work in November . 793

Grubs, White, in Pasture . 744

H.

Hawks, How to Keep Off . 906

Ilav Cock, Hauling . 642

Coarse, Why Preferred for

Horses . 143

Farming . 122

In Connecticut . 334

In Florida . 583

Loader, Value of . 370,

551, 571, 615
Machinery ..537, 614, 662. 709

Notes . 327

Press, Hand . 609

Rye and Vetch for . 676

Salt or Lime on . 38, 114

Slings . 928

Stack Measurement . 862

Heat for Country Houses.. 114, 287

Heifer Sucking . 381

With Seven Teats . 366

Hen. Discouraging . 15

Feeding, Mapes Plan of. . . 64

Flocks. Rig . 863, 874

Income from . 578, 593, 642

Laying, Shape of . 893

Lice . 785

Lice, Sal Soda for . 392

Man Talks . 284

Manure and Ashes . 298

Manure Drilling . 272

Manure with Fertilizer.... 760

Manure for Garden . 168

Manure for Strawberries. . 250

Manure, Value of . 370

Notes . 769

Notes, by Mapes . 487, 790

Notes, Cosgrove’s. ... 44, 82, 126

Notes from White . 15, 129

Pasture . 237

Rations . 755

Record, Connecticut . 265

Report . 105

Story . 152

Wyandotte and Dark Eggs. 466
Hens, Acid Phosphate for. . . . 261

Acre for . 343

Ailments of . 937

Brown Leghorn . 236

California . 403

Connecticut . 366

Do Not Lay . 911

Housing . 755, 923

Limber Neck in . 739

I. inseed Meal for . 689

Meat for . 803

Montana . 42

Nest, Orange Box . 45

Page

North Carolina . 259

Plymouth Rock . 343

S. C. Wyandotte . 921

Small Flock of . 689

Sweet Corn for . 379

Too Warm . 82

What Breed of . 65

\\ inter Care of... 365. 810, 890

With Roup . 379

Henhouse Building . 211

Piaster for . 402

ITen.vards, What Fruit for...| 144
Hickory, Propagating Under

Glass . 198

Highways, Impassable . 473

Hog and Hominy in Indiana.. 254

Berkshire . 938

Garbage for . 627

Lice . 923

Pasture for . ....271, 435

Question . 85

Scalding . 31

Scientifically Cut Up.. 102, 343

Hogs, Feeding in Field . 821

Wheat or Middlings for... 738

With Skin Disease . 378

Hogpens. Arrangement of. .126, 563

Honeysuckles . 810

Hope Farm. Day’s Work on.. 443

Farm Eggs . 188

Farm Orchards . 925

Farm, Returning to . 395

Farm Thanksgiving . 899

Horse, Abscess on . 674

Balkv . 610, 770, 773,

834, 852, 890, 922, 926

Breeding Question . 150

Breeding. Outlook for.. 355,

514. 525

Brittle Hoof and Distemper

in . 451

Care in Hot Weather . 566

Cosgrove's . 926

Cribbing . 467, 482, 498

Indigestion in . 674

Knowing . 63

Lice on . 128

Trolling Tongue . 498

Major Gone . 867

Mange on.. . 451

Morgan . 389, 658, 706,

786, 875

Old, Plea for . 483

Out of Condition . 63, 128

Periodic Ophthalmia in.... 344

Rations . 43, 345

Scours in . . 252

Spavin in . 150

Thin . 616

Wart on . 674, 802

With Abscess . 480

With Eczema . 802

With Heaves . 480

With Ringbone . 182

With Sore Throat . 627

Horses, Cax-e of . 530

Corn Fodder for . 149

Coarse Hay for . 143, 626

Farm. Ration for . 389

Western N. Y . 466

Millet for . 344

Old . 539

Three Abreast . 373

Unshod . 152

Washing . 771

Where Shipped from . 450

Horseradish. Culture of... 316, 3.39

Questions . 392

Horticultural Advice, Samples

of . 438, 487

Nuisances . 506

Society, N. J . 39

Society. N. Y . 98, 122

Horticulture. New England.... 669

Hotbed. Cloth Cover for . 167

Hotbeds, Facts About . 197

House. Fumigating . 375

Heating . 24. 114, 287, 807

Plans . 667

Huckleberry, Garden . 746

Humus, Need of . 313

Saving . 920

Too Much . 811

Husband and Wife, Contract

Between . 276

Hydrangeas, Propagating . 166

Hydrocyanic Acid Gas, Use of. 118

I.

Ice and Icehouse . 74

Icehouse, Building . 791

Illinois Notes . 499

Impatiens Holsti . 826

Incubators. Beehives as . ■' ~

Experience . 186

Talk About . 31

Incubator, Trouble With,

323, 370, 658

Indiana Notes. . . 653

Insects, Ups and Downs of. . . 727

Insecticides, Proprietary . 208

Insurance, Life . 731

Interstate, Commerce Commis¬
sion . 95

Iron and Steel . 247

Galvanized for Evaporator

Pan . 58

Sulphate as Fertilizer . 296

Irrigation Problem . 920

Ivy, English, Growth of . 299

J.

July Fourth Accidents . 476

K.

Kainit for Corn . 20

Kerosene and Flour for Spray¬
ing . 423

And Limoid . 699

Emulsion . 178

Lime and Sulphur Spray.. 757

On Pear Trees . 142

Kitchen, Old New England.... 487

L.

Lambs at a Picnic . 610

Lambs, Early . 65

Feeding for Growth . 140

For N. Y. Market . 289

Land, Brush. Clearing . 34

Scrub, Clearing..' . 201

Stumpy, Clearing . 99

Titles, Torrens System of. . 524

Transfer Defectivve . 473

La undry at Creamery . 215

Lawn, Questions....' . 614

Laziness, Cure for . 24

Lead. Arsenate of . 213

Arsenate of, vs. Paris-green 146

Pipe, Old . 753

Leaves, Handling . 863

Leeks . 630

Lettuce, Forcing . 333

House. Heating . 711

May King . 490

Page

Lice. Lime Wash for . 570

On Chicks . 547

On Horse . 128

On Hogs . 923

On Peas . 600

Life Assurance Society, Equit¬
able . 524

Light, Acetylene Gas for . 222

Lightning Rod. ..545, 569, 583,

605. 653, 669, 813, 829

Lilac. Michael Buchner . 474

Lilies, Easter. .". . 20

Lily, Toad . 40

Liquor License, .$30,000 . 130

Lime and Clover . 341

And Ground Bone . 929

And I>and Plaster . 253, 355

Around Apple Trees . 31

Dry Slaking . 78

Effect on Crops . 502

Fall Use of . 1)1 2

Flour of . 426

For Alfalfa . 201, 253

For Pear Tree . . 4 74

In Pennsylvania . 519

Magnesia in . 443

On Mossy Land . 521

“New Process” ... 227. 391, 439

Notes on . 617

On Onions . 95

On Strawberries . 253

Sulphur Wash . 29, 63,

147, 162, 178, 231. 253, 911
Psing on Land... 138, 488, 667

Value of . 455

Wilh Fertilizer . 424, 880

With Rye . 488

Limoid and Kerosene . 179, 699

Line, Straight. What Is? . 92S

Live Stock at N. Y. Slate Fair 717
Stock Breeders. N. Y., Meet 9

Stock, Medicine for . 594

Stock, Purebred . 62

.Stock, Purebred vs. Grades. 4.35

Stock. Shipping . 875, 938

Locust, Black and Yellow.... 277

For Posts . 4

Honey, for Hedges . 912

Trees on Hillside . 741

M.

Machinery, Indoor .

Maggots, Army of .

Mail Carrier, Rural, Duties of.

Carrier Talks .

Rural Delivery of . 117,

Maine, Notes from .

Mam_ Western, Looks South..

Hired, Talks Back .

Mange, Remedy for . 128,

210, 260, 345,451,562. 610,
Manure Around Young Trees..

Barnyard .

Chemicals with . 375,

Crop .

For Grapes .

Hauling Daily .

Heap, How to Handle .

lieu. Caring for .

Horse, Baled .

In Dry Country .

Right of Tenant To .

Spreader in Snow .

When to Haul .

Wintering .

Manorial Problems .

Maple, Norway, Avenue of. . . .
Sap Evaporators, Best Met¬
al for .

Mare and Colt, Care of... 315,
Market. Home, Neglecting. . . .

Marketing by Trolley .

Medicine for Live Stock .

Melon Blight .

Bug. Killing .

Hoodoo .

Melons, Cracking .

Mixing .

Men. Crippled .

Mice and the Mulch System..

And Trees . 18. 47,

Milk and Cow Notes .

As Food .

Bill, Fish .

Bitter .

Bloody . 434,

Bottles, Paper .

Cans. Sealed . 263,

Certified .

City, Control of .

Coloring .

Cost of Quart .

Fever .

635

536

56

583

540

835

685

681

674

696

34

390

3

929

270

54

31

37

375

466

678

613

sso

88.3

314

58
370
726
6.31
594
682
505
810
272
392
428
390
897
364
24
396
43 1

579

553

317

78

541

723

885

475

Food, Value of . 563

Goat's . 807

In Cities . 24

In Kansas . 403

law, New . 515, 547

Notes . 381, 626

Prices . 525

Ration for . 45, 283, 366

Room in Cellar . SOS

Separator, Evolution of.... 839

Separator, for Calves . 74

Separators, Hand . 531

Standard . 380

Standard and Holstein

Cows . 302

St. Louis . 139

Stringy' . 595

Test Abuse . 749

Tester, Babcock. . 437, 482, 518

Trade. Wisconsin . 403

Warming . 62

Milking Machine . 658

Stool Notes . 371

Millet for Horsey . 344

Hungarian . 585

Japanese . 248, 314

Monuments, Cement . 5.39

MorlgageTax in Massachusetts 140

Moore, Geo. T., Case of . 604

Moss on Field . 472

Moth, Gypsy, and Autos . 540

Mother, Helping . 427

Muck, Handling . 568

In Florida . 408

Mulberry. New American . 648

Mulch and Borers . 475

Coal Ashes for . 449

For Apple Orchards . 137

Mulching Saves I>abor . 63

Mule, Argument for . 499

Colts, Profit in . 315

Kentucky . 906

Missouri . 769

Mules, Advantages of . 380

Mushrooms, What About . 203

Muskmelons. Cracking . 272

Mustard, Wild . 125, 429

N.

Nail Question. Discussion of. 239

Nails. Poor . 492

Wire and Cut . 138

Nash. D. H.. Death of . 764

Nectarine, Siberian . 56

Nicotiana Sandene . 666, 826

Nitrate for Beans . 632

Page

Of Soda on Strawberries.. 472

Of Soda, Too Much . 442

Using, Alone . 880

Nitro-Culture. Use of. 130, 306,

375, 396, 406, 413. 501, 789

Nitrogen Necessary . 20

Noon Hour, Passing of . 391

Nursery Fraud . 630

Stock and Fumigation. .. 3, 878

Stock in Winter . 842

Stock. Legal Damages for.. 701
Ntirs-vyineu. Complaints About 524
Nurserymen's Meeting . 383

O.

Oak, Lebanon . 727

Live, Northern Range of. . 538

Transplanting . 299

White, and Grass . 337

Oats and Peas for Grain . 145

And Rape . 318

Hulled. Value of . 802

In Orchard . 224, 880

Smut in . 338

Treating for Smut . 178

Ohio Notes . 445

Oil, Crude, for Spraying . 880

In Kansas . 66, 412

Old Age . 359

Oleo Dealer Fined . 444

Tactics . 556

Talk . 621

Onion Blight and Onion Mag¬

got . 226

Cl op Report . 765

Notes . 176

Sets, Handling . 504

Onions, Bermuda, for Trans¬
planting . 551

Bermuda in Florida . 680

Big Growing . 537

Big Spanish . 320

Fertilizing . 522

Growing for Seed . 743

Hardy . 229, 520

Lime on . 95

Muck Land for . 408

Questions About . 75

Thick Necked . 169, 350

Transplanted . 632

Oranges, Hardy . 570

In Cuba . 336

Orchard, Close Planting of . . . . 405
Cover Crop for.

4. 98. 297, 370, 841

Cultivating . 879

Failure of . 760

Ditchings. Stable Manure in 38

I^azy Man’s . 411

Plan for . 354, 454

Problem . 504

Questions . 537

Raising Level of . 665

Sod, Insects in . 57

Sod or Clean Culture for,

549, 598, 742

Orchards in Brush . 551

Mulched or Pastured . 271

Thinning . 356

Oxen on Farm . 647

P.

Packages, Talk on . 801

Paeony, Culture of . 207

Paint, Coal Tar as . 117, 153

For Trees, 181, 533, 568,

617. 630, 693, 743, 899
Water Lime and Skim-Milk 356

Pansies, Growing . 487

In Maine . 648

Tufted . 124

Wintering . 744

Pansy, Garden . 663

l’a reels Post. Need of.

8, 382, 684, 812, 895, 916

Objections to . 87

In France . 93

German on . 661

Paris-Green* Purity of . 211

Vs. Arsenate of Lead. . 146

Pasture for Mulch Cows . 520

Reviving . 787

Pea, Australian Glory . 6

Cow and Wheat..' . 541

Cow and Clover . 790

Cow, in Georgia . 274

Cow, in Indiana . 450

Cow. in New Jersey . 520

Cow, Pasturing....' . 929

Cow, Plowing Under . 20

Sweet. Lice on . 600

Chair's Choice . 697, 743

Crothers . 808

Rot . 762, 894

Rot Carried by Insects.... 486

Talk . 761

Trees, Ashes for . 880

Tree Troubles . 712, 744

Trees. Pruning . 356

Yellows . 711, 744

Peaches for Eastern N. Y . 824

For N. J . 713

Sod-Grown . 880

Windfall, Cleaning . 58

Woolly . 800, 822, 910

Pear. Bartlett, Culture of . . 77, 555

Blight . "..... 633

Hybrids . 77,8

Kieffer, in Missouri . 255

Kieffer, Pruning . 165

Knots in . 912

large . 776

Largest . 864

I.e Conte . 778

Lincoln Coreless . 79, 142

Ne Plus Meuris . 232

Questions . 200

Roosevelt . 826

Itosny . 171

Trees, Dwarf . 200

Trees, Kerosene on . 142

How to Plant . 225

Pears of Van Mons . 232

Pecan Growing in Louisiana.. 221

Questions . 472

Pecans. Facts About . 295

Pedigree in Plants . 80, 86

Pcnnisetum Macrophyllum . . . . 320

Persimmons, Grafting . 408

Native and Japan . 914

Use of . 57

Phlox Drummond! Sirius . 730

Phosphate, Raw or Acid . 138

Photographs, Prize . . . 884

Photography, Rights of . 760

Pies, Fried . 257, 341

Pigpen, Convenient . 662

Profits . 84

Tale, Michigan . 284

Story of . 236

Pigs Didn't Pay . 102

Fattening . 675

Feeding . 304, 691, 818

Handling . 658

Jersey Red . 314

Profit in . 153

INDEX.— THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

111

Page

Raising by Hand . 727

Pine Needles for Bedding . 000

Pink. Diadem . 82(5

Pinus Kigida Seeds . 60

Pipe, Greenhouse . 280

In Rural Grounds Green¬
house . 148

Plaster and Lime . 355

In Potato Hills . 336

Plant Cloth . 477

Cuttings . 838

Fruit and Flower Guild... 444

House for Tennessee . 473

Plants. House, Insects on.... 806

Pots, Paper . 429

Platt. Orville II . 382

Thomas C., Letter from.... 154
Platycodon Maries! Macran-

thum . 826

Plowing Small Field . 632

Plum. Good, Wanted . 40

Miracle . 280

Notes, Massachusetts . 70

Perry’s Seedling . 743

Satsuma, Sterile . 712

Plums. Burbank’s . 649

Early Japan . «... 570

For Connecticut . 226

For the South . 200

Japan . 584

Promising . 677, 711

'I rees, What Ailed? . 146

Poets, Amateur . 476

Pomace as Manure . 342

Pomological Society, American,

749, 765, 774

Tosts, Cement . 33

Locust for . 4

Potash, Commercial . 316

Nitrate of . . 470, 503

Potato Beetle in Europe . 732

Bugs and Peafowl . 19

Blight in N. Y . 470

Culture, German . 509

Culture, New . 538

Boom. British . 22

Norotou Beauty . 22

Notes . 685

Scab . 178

Scab Prevention, 56, 273,

317, 376, 407. 410, 412
Potatoes and White Grubs... 775

Between Shrubs . 167

Blighted Seed . 335

Blighted. Mowing . 680

Cheap . 586

Cultivating . 440

Deep Cultivation for . 229

Dry Rot in . 117

Early-Dug, Curing . 712

Fertilizer for . 392, 424, 522

Florida . 34, 110, 459

For Pigs . 520

From Seed . 696, 896

Hybridizing . 160

On Sod . 359

PI aster for . 336

Planting . 341

Second Crop . ,372, 461

Seed, For Florida . 661

Seed. Plowing in . 356

Spraying with Arsenate of

Lead . . . 212

Sweet, Too Long . 776, 808

Value of . 669

Poultry and Bees . 325

And Pigs . 646

At the South . 64

Blue Andalusian . 770

Clover Chaff for . 690 "

Drawn . . . 228

Feeding, Electric . 212

Food, One Acre for . 279

In the South . 102

Manure Handling . 847

Meat for . 722

Notes . 860

Rye for . 579

Scalding . 15

Show, N. Y . _29

Summer Food for . 593

Trap Nests for . 642

What Age for Breeding... 103
Pride. False . 207

Privet in Good Demand . 394

Propagating . 36, 166

Produce Shipment. Rates on . . . 9

Propagation from Cuttings... 838

Prune, Italian, in West . 429

Plum Hybrid . 536

Pruner, Levin . 426

Pruning Peach Trees . 356

In June . 921

Tullets, Care of . 738

Earlv Moulting . 258

What To Do With . 691

Pump. Hand Power on . 455

Pumpkins and Melons, Mixing. 392

Rig.' Growing . 585

Seeds and Cows . 31

Purebred and Thoroughbred.. 261^1

Q. Page

Quack Grass, Killing . 569

Roots, Handling . 75S

Quinces in Ontario . 864

R.

Rabbit Nuisance . 99,

Rabbits, Poisoning .

Radish and Lettuce for Forcing

Maggot, Killing. . .

Railroad legislation .

Long Island .

Rates . 154,

Ram, Dorset .

Rape for Hog Pasture. .. .237,

When' to Sow .

With Oats .

Raspberries, Anthracnose in,

249,

Cover Crop in .

Fall Planting .

Machine Picked . 489,

Setting .

Treatment of .

Winter Care of .

Raspberry Blight .

Rats, Getting Rid of .

Rent, Collection of .

Rhubarb in Mississippi .

Road Drain, Obstruction of...

Obstruction of .

Roads, Conference at Cornell..

Good .

Good, at Low Cost .

Roof, Cement for . 75,

Tin, Tar on .

Rooster, Ailing .

Deformed .

Roosters, Removing Spurs

from .

Root Crops, Fertilizing Value

of .

Rose. Baby Rambler . 229,

Beetles on Grapes. 520, 522,

Frau Karl Druschki .

Leaves, Diseased .

Marechal Niel .

New Pillar .

Philadelphia, Gains Award.

Itambler, in Quebec .

Ruby Queen, in Winter....

Roses, Culture of .

Fertilizing .

For Hedge .

Nitrate for .

Rambler, Hardiness of. . . .

Winter Protection of .

Roup in Hens .

Rural Grounds, Fruit on .

Rye, Feeding Value of .

Poultry .

To Follow Corn .

S.

Salimcne, Trial of .

Salt for Plum Trees .

On Hay .

Sauerkraut, Keeping .

Sawdust and Ashes Compared.

As Absorlwmt .

Fresh, in Orchard .

Scale. San Jose and Lady

Bird .

San Jos£, Battle with....
San Jose, Crude Oil for. ...
San Jose, Experience with.
San Jose, in Delaware....
San Josd, Lime-Sulphur for,
53, 147, 353,

San .Tos£, Notes .

San Jos4, on Forest Trees.
San Jose, on Rural Grounds,

358,

San Josd, Petroleum for,

l 246,

San Jos6, Remedies for...
San Jose, Whaleoil Soap

for .

Schizanthus, or Poor Man’s Or¬
chid .

School, Public .

Scions, Handling .

When and How to Cut....
Scutellaria Baicalensis Cceles-

tina .

Seed Distribution, Govern-

• ment . 262,

Growing .

Saving .

Sower .

Methods of Saving .

Testing . 46, 171,

Warranty in Sale of .

Separator, Home Use of .

Sewage Questions .

Turned Into Money .

Sheep a Cause for Thanksgiv¬
ing .

And Ilogs, Breeds of .

And Red Cedar .

Carnivorous .

Dorset for Virginia . .

Eastern General Purpose. . .
Feeding .

506

42

616

195

106

214

828

874

271

285

318

318

473
790
519
600
206
792
206
252
745

37

203

140

445

360

789

121

417

723

677

323

206

882

615

848

614
442
538
538

615
207
207
554
296
442

616
37

379

474
451
579
712

208

226

38

7

77
402

56

845

698

53

198

630

911

165

78

794

608

106

53

204

46

280

164

826

900

725

666

457

535

178

573

170

416

565

837

45

261

466

322

2

237

Page

For Early Lambs . 65

Forage for . 324

For Virginia . 128

Hay. Soy Beans or Cow

Peas for . 440

In Apple Orchard . 595

Indiana . 547

In Western N. Y . 697

Killed by Sow . 157

On Shares . 170

Profits in . 895

Questions . 819

Pasture, Rape for . 237

Silage and Alfalfa for. 739, 754

Skin Irritation in . 345

Sweet Corn and Squashes

for . 342

Winter Feed for . 151

With Dairy . 390

Worms in . 151

Shingles, Chestnut . 451, 666

Shoddy. What is it? . 47

Silk Culture . 396

In South . 776

Silage, Alfalfa as . 104

Argument for . 454

Cash Value of . 4S3

Clover as . 305, 381

For Pigs.... . 566, 578

For Sheep . 754

How to Feed . 851

In Florida . 562

Moldy . 260

Silo. Advocate of . 422

Best Wood for . 273

Concrete . 226, 406, 456

Dairyman's . 642

Experience . 370

In the Barn . 647

Iu Favor of . 141

Maryland . 407

Notes . 843

Octagon . 662

Of EL G. Manchester . 455

Outside or In . 487

Plain Talk About . 583

Round or Square . 505

Six-Sided . 534

Small . 445

Water Tank for . 439

Sink Drain, Trap for .

Sled. Farm, in Maryland .

Smilax Under Glass. .... .453,
Smokehouse, Construction of. .

Soil. Acid, Testing .

Inoculation, 130, 233. 306,
375, 396, 406, 415, 501,

Sterilizing . 6,

Soiling Crops for Two Cows. .

Crops, Sensible .

Sorghum for Fodder and Sy¬
rup .

For Horse Feed .

South. Poor Land in .

Sow. Care in Winter .

Death .of .

Destroys Pigs .

Gnaws Her Pen .

Kills Sheep .

Wintering .

Sows, Trouble with .

Spencer, “Uncle John” .

Spiraea, Well-Grown .

Spray Mixture, Cost of .

Pump, Oiling .

Power . 141,

Public . 486. 492, 503,

Spraying Clean Trees .

Cost of .

Dust . 202, 274, 411,

Dwarf Trees .

Experience . 35,

681

211

617

425

294

709

S24

115

184

709

502

301

850

378

3°4

261

342

907

304

492

522

409

278

171

567

95

372

923

250

910

Flour and Kerosene for. . . . 423

High Trees . 279, 334

In Hudson Valley . 410

In a Small Way . 316

Is it General . 333

Methods . 163

Mixtures, Cost of . 334, 757

Notes . 757

Vineyards . 577

With Compressed Air . 503

With Gasoline Power . 53

Spruce from Seeds . 376

Trees from Seeds . 336

Squab Business . 710

Squash Bug. Ashes for . 537

Squashes for Sheep . 342

Squirrel Killer Wanted . 364

Stable Absorbent, Sawdust as. 402
.Bedding, Peat, Straw and

Sawdust for . 118

Ventilation . 679

Ventilation, King . 390

Stallion, Gov. Teddy . 787

Starlings in Australia . 382

Steers, Ration for . 151

Stock, Influence on Scion,

59, 80. 457, 757
Stones, Picking by Machinery. 335
Stories. Big, Made Smaller... 678
Stove Wood in California . 681

Page

Stovepipe, Dripping . 466

Strawberries and Celery . 745

Best . 551

Cultivating . 699

Fall . 896

Hen Manure for . 250

Hill Culture . 880

Feeding Roots of . *. ... 2

Hard Time for . 618

Hunt’s . 504

Insects on . 461

In Southern Jersey . 567

Lime on . 253

Mulching . 316

Mulching with Leaves . 200

Nitrate of Soda on . 472

On Rural Grounds . 554

Planting . 763

Potted . 568

Spraying . 489

Troubles with . 601

Under Glass . 662

Year After Year . . . 271

Strawberry, Atlantic .

171, 225, 252, 272
Basket Carrier . 422

Bed, Handling . 299

Beds. Old . 34

Corsican . 544, 568

Dixon . 550

Grower’s Story . 552

New York . 568

Notes . 21, 168

Plants, Potted . 615, 633

Questions . 142, 662

Reports . 618

Subsoiling Alfalfa Fields . 114

Sugar, Beet. Bounties on . 492

Sunflower for Fowls . 785

Sunflowers, Harvesting . 809

Russian . 651

T.

Tankage for Pig Feed . 304

Tar on Tin Roof . 417

Taxation, Local, in England. . 61

Taxes in North Carolina . 47

In Tennessee . 215

School . 905

Telegraph Company, Trespass

by . 38

Telephone and Thieves . 55

Farmer’s . 599

Mutual, Rights of . 38

Right of Way . 472

Telephones Save Life and

Property . 75

Texas, Conditions in . 637

’thanksgiving . 854

Thirnbleberries, Planting . 696

Thistles and Cattle . 738

Destroying .

294. 608, 720, 784, 881

Thrashing in California . 845

Timber, Tenant's Right in... 276
Tomato Crop, North Jersey. . . 67

Experience . 910

Plants, Growing by Con¬
tract . 909

Questions . 633

Tests . 730

Tomatoes as Stock Food . 62

New Jersey . 800

Paper Pots for . 357

Puget Sound . 518

Tall, Failing . 486

Trade, Balance of . 636

Transportation Abuses in Mich¬
igan . 413

Tree Culture, Stringfellow. . . . 534

Forest, Seeds . 60

Labels, Mixed . 749

Planting by Roadside . 210

Planting, Two Methods of. 164

Rot. Preventing . SOS

Seeds in Kansas . 679

Trees, Bearing, Transplanting. 664

Rudded vs. Seedling . 481

Girdled, Saving . 842

Injured by Gas . 912

Lard Oil on . 56

Lead and Oil for .

533. 568. 6.17. 693
Low-ITeaded Trimming.248 ,277

Mulching . 695

Over Line Fence . 881

Planting in Brush . 567

Poking Powders Into . 246

Protecting From Mice .

18, 841, 899

Trimming in June . 921

Washes for . 927

Trespass by Telephone Co.... 881

In Fence Building . 881

On River Front . 745

Trolley, Marketing by . L>5

Trucking in North Carolina.. 313

Trust Hunting . 382

Tsetse Fly . 49-

Tuberoulosis, II u m a n and

Bovine . 86

Talk About - • . 562, 929

Page

Turkey Diseases .

Talk .

Turkeys, Black Head In .

With Roup .

Turnip, Cow-Horn .

For Fertilizer . 206,

Turpentine from Stumps .

Typewriter, Use of .

642

343

379

237

600

536

768

900

U.

Udo Salad . 78

Ustilago as Hen Medicine.... 379

V.

Vault, Filling . 536

Vegetable Washing Machine.. 163
Vegetables, Winter Storage

Ventilation. Defective . .’ 566

of Stables . 679

Vetch and Rye for Ilay . 552

Vinegar. Selling . 825

Vineyards. Spraying . 577

Violet Raising for Women.... 161

Violets in B. C . 712

Wild, Market for . 214

W.

Walnut, Japan, in Colorado... 36

Persian, for Ontario . 202

Rush . 394

Walnuts. Grafting . 648, 696

Seedling . 253

Warts on Cattle . 45, 210, 802

Washing Machines . 683, 795

Water Course, Altering . 276

Cress Tinder Glass . 169

From Distant Well., . 832

Glass, Cost of . 600

Glass for Eggs .

84, 297, 340, 440, 760

Glass In Crystal Form . 375

Mineral, for Stock . 103

Pipes, Hemlock . 551

Pipe. Logs for . 4S9

Pipes, Protecting, from
Frost . 51

Pipe, Stoppage in . 616, 807

I’ipe, Trouble with . 675

Pollution . 881

Power . 789

Pumping, From a Distance

222, 674, 784

Sulphur, Pipe for . 78

Supply on the Farm.. 742, 759
Supply, Two Pictures of. . . 94

System, Air Pressure .. 535, 581

Tanks . 295

Tank, Best Material for

224, 314

Tanks, Experience with.... 416
Tank of Concrete . . 272

Tank, Pitch for . 911

Tank, Self Warming . 119

Tank. Steel . 334

Wheel, Horse Power of.... 114

Weasel at Bay . 706

Weed Growth . 634

Killer . 456

Weeds and Maggots . 713

Bad, Destroying . 536

Use for . 587

Weevil, Destroying . 178

Well. Changing to Cistern.... 711

Closed . 720

Deep, Pumping . 20

West. Conditions in. . 471

Wheat Crop, Cheap . 710

Fertilizer for . 272, 880

Hay, When to Cut . 461

In Australia . 314

Running Out . 711

Shocking . 371

Whaleoil Soap, Use of . 53

Wind Harnessing . 199

Windmills. Facts About . 425

Geared for General Work.. 122

Homemade . 354

Winter. Long . 410

Wire, Better, Needed . 46, 916

Buy Best . 407

Cheap, Demand for.... 95

I' elite vJlIcSUQIl .

86, 114, 199, 588, 663, 681

Good . 55

Mill. History of . 307

Problem. .67, 106. 131, 154,

214. 335. 636. 684, 780, 828

Experiments with . 34

Whitewash for Trees . 776

Government . 600

Or Cheap Paint . 582

Woman’s Day on The Farm . . 629

Women on Farm . 455, 505

Worm with Feathers. . . . 742

Worms in Fowls . 45

Y.

Yankee is Thankful . 861

Yellow Fever Control . 604

WOMAN AND THE HOME.

A. Page

Alcohol, Wood, Use of . 290

Amande, Ilavaife . 398

Angora Vests . 856

Apple Butter . 735

Cake . 26

Dumplings . 348

Pickle . 639

Recipes . 384

Apples and Ouions . 108

Canning . 814

Farm House . 718

Apricot Pudding . 934

Apron, Fancy . 718

Traveling . 902

Aprons and Oversleeves . 686

Asparagus a la Vinaigrette... 446
Aunty . 348

B.

Baby, Dress for .

Baking Powder. Use of .

Barberries, Using .

Bar-le-Duc . 447,

Barnardo, Dr. Thomas J .

Bashfulness, Cure for .

Beans, Baked . 88, 218,

Canning .

Pickled .

Bedbug Remedy .

Beef. Pickling .

Making Tender .

Tea, Unique .

Beets, Pickled .

Young .

Benzine for Cleansing .

190

10

766

494

750

510

934

686

430

414

934

935
134
734
446
798

Page

Blueberry Bread . 622

Books for Children . 638

Bottle Heaters . 242

Bread, Burned . 26

Incubator . 384

Making . 308

Pudding . 655

Slicers . 88

Brown, Aunt Dinah . 384

Brush and Comb Case . 870

Buns, Hot Cross . 34S

Buttermilk Custard . 49

Buttonhole Making . 242

Buttons, Bothersome . 328

C.

Cabbage Slaw, Hot . 11

Cake. Apple . 26

Chocolate . 510

Cinnamon . 886

Dutch . 10

Fillings . 399

Honey . 886

Mixers . 750

Sour Milk . 11

White Fruit . 903

Cakes, Flannel . 290

Calf's Liver. Roast . 218

Candies. Four Good . 495

Candy, Homemade, Cream.... 798

Canning Conveniences . 558

Carrots with Herbs . 430

Cat. Winter Pasture for . 218

Catsup Recipes . 607

Celling Registers . 718

Page

Ceilings. Painted . 495

Cellar Unsanitary . 362

Charity Sweetheart’s letters,

08, 159, 291, 329, 446, 606,

671, 783, 919

Cheese Pie . 706

Cherries. Candied . 542

Cherry Batter Pudding . 478

Jelly, Mock . 447

Pudding . 655

Recipes . 446, 462

Chicken, Frying . 734

Pie . 88, 830

Chickens, Broiling . 814

Chilblain Remedies, .. 88, 158, 267

Chocolate Cream Cake . 478

Christmas Ahead . 799, 831

Shoppers . 887

Churn, Small . 856

Cider, Sterilized . 750

Cleaning Cloths . 414

Cleansing Fluid . 10

Paste . 384

Cloth. Black. Cleaning . 558

Cocoanut Oil for Cooking . 511

Codfish Dinner . 558

Mexican . 266

Coffee Creams . 68

GlacS . 686

Sauce . 590

Cold Sores . 670

Ride . 69

Collar, Stock. Holder for . 48

Cookery, Appetizing . 870

Home . 26

Page

Page

Cooking in Summer .

Utensils .

Coolidge, Susan .

Corn and Tomatoes, Baked. ...

Canning .

Chowder .

Dodgers .

Escalloped .

Hulled . 918,

Parched .

Slitter .

Cosy, Bachelor’s .

Cottonseed Oil .

Covers, Wooden .

Crackers, Crisp .

Cream, Cold .

Curds .

Cretonne for Covering .

Crullers .

Soft .

Cucumber Pickles . 606,

Currant Recipes . .

Currants, Spiced .

Curtains, .Two Styles of .

D.

Date Cookies .

Pie .

Decoration. Suggestions in....

Desserts, Frozen .

Summer .

Dinner in California .

Dodge. Mary Mapes .

Dress Bag .

Dressmaking at Home .

607
543
362
622
607

654
290
108
934
193
686
510
462

49
639
830
242
606
871
857

655
574
447
2 1 3

671

219

575

479

527

430

670

902

511

Drinks, Cool .

For Summer .

Duster, Damp .

Homemade .

E.

Eggs a La Maitre d’Hotel....

Baking .

Nest .

Suggestions In .

Egret Plumes .

Embroidery, Eyelet .

Emergency Case .

Energy, Waste of .

F.

Face, Cheerful .

Farm Fare, Michigan .

Fat, Clarifying .

Floor Problem .

Flower Bed .

Holders . '. .

Notes . 193,

Food on Farm . 10, 89,

Frankfurters .

Freshening up for Summer. . . .
Fruit Butter and Marmalade..

Catsups .

Preserving .

Sauces .

Fudge, Making .

G.

Garden. Autumn Work In .

Woman’s Home .

559

655

414

814

190

430

348

542

654

606

798

10

671

134

362

543

192

606

414

108

266

385

687

719

639

526

68

751

384

IV

INDEX.— THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Page

Gems, Bran . 290

Girl, Home, Opportunities of. . 48

On the Farm . 329

With Hoe . 267, 309

Girls, Care of . 398

Goose, Forcemeat for . 48

Graham Cookies . 671

Grain Crisp . 108

Grange Hall, New . 902

Picnic . 639

Grape Recipes . 735

Grass Stains, Removing . 655

Grenadine Carreau . 134

Greenhouse Kept by Woman — 494

H.

Hair, False . 622

Hands, Care of . 266

Cracked, Ointment for . 159

Ham, Deviled . 622

Hat, Polo Turban . 414

Straw, Cleaning . 494

Hats, Lingerie . 638

Patent I^eather . 686

Walking . 134

Hemstitching on Sewing Ma¬
chine . 348

Hen Business . 527

Hens. Girl’s . 703

Hillside Farm Notes . 134

Holders . 830

Homes for Aged . 639

Horseradish, Grated . 638

Sauce . 290

Hot-Pot . 702

Huckleberries in Michigan . 686

I.

Ice Cream, Uncooked . 574

J.

Jelly Dumplings . 414

Raspberry and Apple . 526

Johnny Cake . 798

Jolly Boys . 290

Jumbles . 655

K.

Kerosene, Uses for . 783

Kitchen Notes . 109, 591

L.

Label Book . 26

Lady Lufkins . 290

Lamp, Hanging, Smoking . 830

Page

Shades, Bead . 10

Laundry Work . 479

1-emonade, Mint . 510

I>end Your Presence . 766

Linen for Stairs . 362

Liver and Bacon . 870

Living Expenses . 575

Lunches, School . 671

M.

Making or Buying Readymade. 495

Marmalades . 590

Marshmallow Panoche . 158

Marshmallows . 830

Meat Pie. English . 108

Milk of Human Kindness . 218

Mosquito Extermination . 654

Mrs. Perry’s Grievances . 558

Muffins. Bread Sponge . 290

Mush, Suggestions In . 463

Mushrooms, Canned . 655

Muskmelon Pickle . 702

Mustard Pickle . 703

N.

Napkin Covers . 702

Nasturtiums for Pickling . 638

Note Book Habit . 399

O.

Oatcakes . 430, 623

Oatmeal Scones . 219

Okra, Canning . 655

Oilcloth for Bathroom Walls. . 446

Olive Oil as Shortening . 48

Olives, Mock . 687

Onions, Esealloped . 108

Green, Boiled . 430

Overcoming Odor of . 11

Ostriches. Plucking . 10

P.

Pancake Syrup . 348

Paste, Prepared . 242

Patches . 243

Pea Packing, Delaware . 574

Peas, Green, Drying . 574

Peach Meringue . 574

Recipes . 687

Peaches. Canned, Fermenting. . 48

Peanut Crackerjack . 290

Pear Puff’s . 814

Perennials, Easily Handled.... 734

Persimmon Pudding . 191

Recipes . 158

Page

Pickle, Hebrew . 702

Recipes . 591

Virginia . 670

Pickles and Relishes . 638

Quick . 622

Pie, Cranberry . 134

Hasty . 49

Lemon, Artificial . 308

Pilgrim . 856

Prune . 462

Strawberry . 542

Veal and Ham . 88

Pillows, Sweet Fern and Bay-

berry . 134

Pliers, Use of . 702

Pork Chops and Apples . 782

Posy Beds . 349, 431

Potato Soup . 108

Potatoes, Syracuse . 108

Prickly Heat . 606

Preserves, Homemade . 134

Prunes in Maple Syrup . 446

Pudding, Bird's-Nest . 26

German . 414

Indian . 11

Persimmon . 191

Raisin and Prune . 384

Pulley, Elizabeth . 68

Pumpkin, Canned . 856

Custard . 856

Q.

Quilt, Down . 511

Quince Pickles . 718

R.

Rabbit, Breaded . 902

Reading for Winter . 857

Recreation Work . 158

Rhubarb, Canning . 542

Recipes . 415

Ribbon Renovators . 88

Rice. Puffed . 606

With Strawberries . 655

Roses from Cuttings . 542

S.

Safety-Pin Holder . 398

Salad Dressing . 398

Salsify, Fried . 462

Sardines, Broiled . 266

Sausage, Bologna . 88

Scissors, Rusting . 558

Scrapple . 782

Screens. Convenient . 463

Seed. Sowing . 399

Page

Seedlings, House-Grown . 193

Shoes, Air Cushion . 902

Children’s . 135

Shopping Bag . 478

Shyness, Overcoming . 494

Skirt, Kilt Pleated . 242

Sleeve Styles . 686

Sleeves, Puffed . 654

Soap. Hard . 349

Recipes . 190

Soft . 526

Soapstone Covers . 735

Soot, Prevention of . 108

Soup Without Meat . 830

Soups, Vegetable Cream . 590

Souse. Making . 266

Spinster’s Portion . 54-'>

Sponge, Cleaning . 398

Spoons, Souvenir . 430

Stew. Swedish . 526

Stockings, Darning . 48

Stocks . 767

Strawberries and Currants.... 447

Canned . 447

String Holder . 510

Sugar, Cane or Beet . 88

Sunday Rest . 622

T.

Table Linen . 814

Taffeta Cording . 702

Stained . 670

Thanksgiving Cakes . 858

Matchmaking . 858

The Case of Olivia . 815

Other Side . 622

Thrashers, Feeding . . 638

Toast, Royal . 88

Tomato Chutney . 702

Soy . 702

Stains . 750, 814

Tonics, Mental . 559

Trouble Book . 934

V.

Vegetables, Canning . 51C

Verne, Jules, Death of . 328

Virginia Notes . 192

W.

Wall Paper. Removing . 363

Walnut Wafers. . . 462

Water Bottle, Rubber . 88

Watermelon Preserve . 606

Winter Cheer . 27

Work, Change of . 919

POETRY.

A Garden .

American Aristocracy

April Day .

A Strip of Blue .

Dancing Wind .

Dawn .

Early Riser .

Etiquette .

Fate .

Flowers .

For Me .

Page
. 446

. 558
. 362
. 686
. 494
. 766
. 88
. 479
. 196
. 526
. 814

From The White Flag . 654

Griggsby’s Station . 242

Good King Wencelas . 918

How Sleep The Brave . 430

Incense . 606

In Old Age . 750

Into Oblivion . 830

It Is Not Growing Like a Tree 782
It Singeth Low in Every Heart 48

Jenny in the City . 574

June in Rhodesia . 798

Knack . 68

Laus Mortis . 870

Legend of Christ Child . 902

Mrs. Piper's Pickled Peppers 734

My Fairest Child . 134

New Year and Old Y’ear . 934

Oft in the Stilly Night . 462

Paw . 414

Perpetual Youth . 384

Retired Friendship . 542

Reward of Service . 108

Spring . 328

Terra Domus . 638

Thanksgiving To God . 856

The Calendar . 10

The Fairies . 398

The Fatherland . 348

The Holly Tree . 510

The Lights O’ London . 670

The Lord Wants Reapers . 622

The Pulley . 886

The Two Mysteries . 702

There is no Death . 718

To Keep a True Lent . 290

Virtue . 266

When Shall We Three Meet

Again? . 590

Who Mourns? . 308

Winter at Newry Corner . 158

Winter Evenings at Home. ... 26

Woman’s Views . 218

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A Page

Adirondack Trotter . 646

Akebia Quinata . 759

Alfalfa in New Jersey . 550

Roots . 502

Apple, Akin . 138

Dwarf, on Doucin Stock . . 250

Ensee, . 791

Evaporator Heater . 58

Fall Beauty . 405

Palmer Greening on Baldwin

Stock . 34

Picking in Pennsylvania... 725

Seedless . 245

Seedling . 711

Terry . 54

Williams Favorite, Pear

Shape . 34

Wolf River . 17

Yates . 54

Apples, Cluster of Baldwin... 925

Hauling . 822

Oregon . 19

Poor . 93

Second Crop . 910

Artillery for Wash Day . 629

B

Babcock Test at School . 518

Barn of Concrete . 75

Plan . 119, 727

Bathroom and Kitchen Plan.. 566

ConvenienF . 502

Homemade . 353

Inexpensive . 423

In Greenhouse . 249

Beach, Prof. S. A . 74

Bean, Dwarf Lima . 176

Soy, in Maryland . 863

Berries, South Jersey . 567

Berry Picking in Indiana . 645

Blackberry, Snyder . 269

Ward . 163

Bordeaux Mixtures . 391

Boy and Lamb . 838

And Roosters’ . 246

At Work . 165, 806

With the Hoe . 486

Brooder, Gasoline . 370

Brush and Comb Case . 871

Buildings of a “Handy Man”.. 861
Bull, Guernsey, Blue Blood. . . 33

Korndyke Butter Boy . 939

C •

Cabbage House . 21

Cabin, Tennessee . 454

Cactus Fruits . 710

Calla, Rose-colored . 486

Calochortus Bloom . 614

Carrying Father’s Dinner.... 406
Caterpillar with Feathers. . . . 742

Page

Cattle, Holstein, Star Farm... 73
Strenuous, in Virginia.... 115

Types of . 839

Cavalier, Young . 622

Cellar, Draining . 759

Cherries, Pitting . 438

Cheery, Holly-leaved . 74

Weeping . 423

Chicks, Incubator . 295

Children and Dog . 662

Cistern for Farmhouse . 94

Colt and Dog . 34

Concrete Wall, Mold for . 222

Corn and Cow Pea Ilav, Cur¬
ing . 537

Husking . 104

Sweet. Voorhees . 197

Cornfield, Michigan . 439

Scene . . . ## TOO

Cotton Field, ice Covered. . . . 221

Cow and Calf . 44, 757

Gem of Brookside . 835

Princess Korndyke Manor

De Kol . 613

Cows, Good Holstein . 535

Cucumber. English Greenhouse. 315
Cultivating, First Lessons in. . 407

Currants, Prolific . 614

Czar on Apple . 864

D

Dairy Scene . 581

Dewberry, Lucretia . 294

Dielytra Spectabilis . 355

E

Egg Plant, Jersey Beauty.... 926
Elseagnus I’arviflora . 694

F

Farm Boy, Michigan . 174

Home in South Dakota. . . 471

Report . 646

School Students . 775

Farmer, Florida . 199

One-Horse . 1

Persevering . 3

Farmers’ Institute in Cow

Barn . 293

Fennel, Florence . 862

Fireplace, Building . 123

Fisherman, Lone . 558

Flower, Fadeless . 582

Flowers, Last . 629

Friends on Vacation . 137

Fruits in Paraffin . 631

Furnace for Prune Evaporator. 145

G

Girls on Horseback . 55

Gladiolus, Autumn Giant . 791

Goat, Angora . 806

Page

Gooseberry Hybrids . 598

Grape, Isabella . 894

Trellis, Munson . 145

Grass Root Diggers . 489

Greenhouse, Cheap . 168

Pipe Corrosion of . 270

Scenes . 838

H

Halloween in Jersey . 789

Hay, Connecticut . 334

Florida . 583

Loader . 371

Stack Measurement . 862

Heifer, Holstein, No. 7 . 2

Fine Jersey . 369

Hens and Feeder . 863

Feeding . 190

llvJIIIQUoc . . * O j Oxv

Types of . 893, 894

Hog Fence . 101

Hogs, Drove of . 254

In Field . 821

In Orchard . . 333

On Sewage Farm . 567

Strenuous . 18

Hogpens, Arrangement of. 126, 662
Home in North Carolina Pines. 95

From His Journey . 911

In a Wagon . 911

Homemakers’ Melon Cut . 164

Horse. Gov. Teddy . 773

Morgan . 389

Stolen . 926

House Drainage . 792

Of Truck Farmer . 246

Huckleberry, Garden . 743

Hunter. One Armed . 421

Hydrangeas, Well-Bloomed.... 222

K

Kansas Dinner Party . 615

Kitchen, Old New England... 485

L

Lambs Have a Picnic . 597

Leafy Resting Place . 247

Lettuce in North Carolina.... 313

Lilac, Michael Buchner . 469

Lily, Japan Toad . 35

Lime and Sulphur, Preparing

162, 247

Limoid and Kerosene, Mixing. 179
M

Man. Blind. Husking Corn... 421
Maple, Norway, as Shade Tree. 315

Mare and Coit . 847

Fine Morgan . 438, 501

Melon, Hoodoo . 805

Mules, Carload of . 499

N Page

Nasturtiums on Rock . 164

Nicotians Sanderae . 663

Nitro Culture in Original Pack¬
ages . 223

O

Oak, Lebanon . 726

Onions for Transplanting. . . . 630

Orchard, Hogs in . 333

Sprayed . 162

Thinning . 356

Oxen on Roller . 758

P

Paint Kills Trees . 535

Pansies, Tufted . 113

Peach Buds, Hope Farm . 370

Handlers, Western N. Y.. . . 693
Tree, Sprayed with K. L. . . 179

Peaches, Windfall. Cleaning. . 54

With Brown Rot . 487

Pear, I^e Conte . 774

Ne Plus Meurls . 223

Roosevelt . 82??

Peas, Cow, in Nursery . 807

Persimmons, Native and Japan 910

Phlox, Hardy, . 335

Pigs, Brought Up by Hand... 726

Jersey Red . 314

Pink. Miracle . 294

New Hybrid . 297

Plantation, Southern . 517

Plum, Mead’s Seedling . 711

Perry’s Seedling . 743

Plums, Early Seedling . 570

New . 677

Ponies, Morgo-Shetland . 369

Pork on the Hoof . 169

Possum for Dinner . 837

Potato Field, Sprayed . 470

Noroton Beauty . 18

Potatoes and Corn in Florida.. 354

Poultry Picking . 837

Pump, Hand Power for . 454

Page

Silo, Cement . 406

Details . 334

Manchester’s . 455

Square . 582

Weight for . 438

Sink, Plumbing Trap for . 678

Sled, Farm . 211

Smokehouse, Handy . 425

•Snow Work in Pennsylvania.. 95

Soil Sterilizer . 824

Sow and Pigs . 75

Sows, Berkshire . 850

Spiraea (Aruncus Astilboides) . 519

Spraying High Trees . 335

Outfit of J. B. Collamer. . . 53

Spring, Signs of . 138

Strawberries and Celery . 741

Hunt’s Seedlings Nos. 2-3.. 503

Setting . 758

Strawberry Basket Holder.... 422

Dixon . 550

Field, Five Year . 271

Plant, Roots of . 2

President . 549

Uncle Sam . 551

Stump Twister . 99

Subsoiling Alfalfa Fields . 114

T

Thanksgiving is With Us. . . 856
The Men Will Soon Be In. ... 462
Tomato, Livington's Globe... 727

Plants . 518

Tree Digger at Work . 842

Killed By Paint . 535

Roots in Crowbar Holes. . 927
Turkey and Cat . 170

V

Vegetable Washer . 163

Vergon, F. P . 138

Violet House in Michigan . 161

R

Raspberry Plant . 790

Rent Payers . 678, 709

Rose Frau Karl Druschki .... 841

Marechal Niel . 437

New Pillar . 533

S

Saw. Pruning . 270

Schizanthus Plants . 198

Seed Sower . 457

Sheep, Cosset . 115

In Fall Pasture . 895

Feeding Rack . 819

Shropshire . 695

Silage Corn, Connecticut . 334

W

Walnut Budding . 696

Orchard, California . 565

Rush . 390

Water Supply for the Home,

94, 742, 759

Tank, Self Warming . 119

Wheat in Australia . 314

Williams, John R... . 646

Windmill, Homemade . 354

Power and Shop . 199

Winter in Vermont . 909

Woman Workers . 453

Wood, Working Up . 679

Woodpile. Illinois . 270

Workers for Apple League.... 631

Vol. LXIV. No. 2867. NEW YORK, JANUARY 7, 1905. *i per year.

A HARD PROBLEM IN DAIRYING .

Shall We Buy Grain for Feeding ?

TVc have a dairy of ‘_,r> cows, which, with three horses,
will be wintered mostly on hay. \Ve have three or four
tons of oats and one-half ton of buckwheat shorts on
hand, which with the hay comprises the food provision.
Good barn and abundant water. The oats will he ground
for feed, but we hope to save them until after January 1,

as cows are nearly dry now. Some hay will be drawn

as much ns 12 miles from another farm. We have no
straw to feed. Will you inform me whether the cows can be
kept in good condition without buying more grain, and if
grain will be required, what will be the “most economical to
buy and how much, and when to feed to best advantage?

Do you think welt of barley sprouts for economy and

results? I>o you think it advisable to buy molasses to feed
the cows, and what kind is used? In the absence of corn or
roots, it seems as if some form of “sugar- would tend to
keep the cattle in health. This farm is situated in north¬
ern Herkimer County, and there are many farmers who
have no more grain to feed according to their stock than I

help in dairying. I would try hard to raise some corn
fodder. I cannot see why the inquirer cannot make
some good gilt-edge butter on his farm. If I were
managing that farm I would make calculations another
season to have those cows give milk part of the Win¬
ter; strip them down, that’s what we keep them for.
Feed them well, of course; it will pay. Make butter;
keep some good hogs. 1 know if the dairy is a fairly
good one they will pay the extra feed required if man¬
aged right. But now, as things are, cows dry or nearly
so, all that can be done is to get them through the Win¬
ter for business in the Spring. Don’t scrimp them;
keep them in good condition, even if mill feed is high.
Cows are machines; if you put nothing in you get noth¬
ing out. W. S. G.

Lewis Co., N. Y.

H. E. Cook's Opinion.

market for the milk, or there is no use. Whether good
results will follow hay feed will depend much upon the
hay. If early-cut clover and Timothy or Alfalfa, they
will do very well without grain; if late-cut, you have
a hard proposition. If grain was added I should feed
oats or bran while cows are dry. Keep away from the
so-called “sugar” feed. You have already more sugar
and starch than you can economically use. These
“sugar” feeds contain small amounts of protein and
large amounts of fiber, and arc never economical to
buy. 1 should certainly arrange to provide some scheme
for handling the milk, so that a steady market would
he supplied. There is small profit in dairying unless
one has a steady market at full prices, which is cer¬
tainly obtainable if one looks out for it. Malt sprouts
are good feed. h. e. cook.

What a Connecticut Dairyman Thinks.

have mentioned above. Their output is the same as ours,
produced on the farm, butter, cheese, veal and pork. There
is no milk station or public cheese factory within reach.

It is an open question whether it
is more profitable to buy grain or
to winter the stock on hay with
what little grain they raise. Corn
is an uncertain crop on many
farms on account of the early
frosts. On t lie more southerly
farms (which Include others of our
own) in Herkimer County much
more grain is raised, and a good
deal of grain “feed" is bought. As
the price of milk warrants the ex¬
penditure the cows are incidentally
well nourished. The conditions are
so different that we cannot take
them as an example. DAIRYMAN.

Herkimer Co., N. Y.

An Old-fashioned Dairyman .

As these cows are nearly dry
1 think with good hay and a
light grain ration the inquirer
can bring them through in good
shape to begin business in
Spring. But I do not believe
in letting a dairy go dry half
or even quarter of the time,
as a cow ought to give milk at
least 10 months in the year. As
this dairy is nearly dry that point
now is past remedy. Even this
being the case, I would not think
of entirely dispensing with a
light grain ration, for a little
grain will save hay, and your
cows will be in much better
shape when they come fresh.

As for grain ration, I would take
the oats and add two tons ot bran and one ton of corn-
meal ; have the oats ground, of course, and mix the
bran and cornmeal with them. Provided the cows are
now all in good condition, two feedings of good
hay per day, with two quarts of the mixed grain
ought to bring them through up to the time
when they come fresh in good condition. After they
begin to give milk they would require more hay and
grain. I always believe in raising just as much of my
grain as possible. I believe by using a good commercial
fertilizer it will help out wonderfully in getting a heavy
grain crop. I raise a mixture of peas, oats and barley;
have it ground well ; it makes a very good grain
ration. Willi 28 cows and three horses we manage to
get away with between 800 and 000 bushels of this
mixture in the course of a year. We make milk for
the city market, and milk the year round, using lots of
corn silage also. What is the cause of not getting a
good corn crop in Herkimer County? We are con¬
siderably farther north, and we can get good corn. We
get an early variety and put in as soon as ground is
fit in early Spring. A good corn crop is a wonderful

I do not think these dry or half-dry cows can be made
to pay for grain feed, neither will they pay for the coarse

“A ONE-HORSE FARMER.” PRIZE PICTURE FROM C. M. WHITNEY. Fig. 1.

feed grown upon the farm. It is surely a false concep¬
tion that cows should not be expected to pay for home¬
grown feeds. It is a most unsatisfactory condition of
affairs to find milk worth $1.50 per 100 pounds in the
late Fall and early Winter, and only strippings to sell
from Spring-calving cows, and those only partly fed
during the Summer. I am now milking a bunch of five
heifers with first calf that are giving 100 pounds a day,
December 17, and due to calve from March to May 1,
which means that they have been milked already an
average of over nine months. That milk is worth
at my door $1.50 per 100 pounds, or $1.50 a day 00
cents apiece. 1 he best one is giving 42 cents a day.
Their ration is eight pounds grain and all the
coarse feed they will eat. I hey had grain all Summer ,
about five pounds daily. Don’t you think that is the
solution, of the whole question? It is a physiological
impossibility to expect these animals to dry up on slack
feed, and then suddenly, like the opening of a race¬
way, run full speed. Nature does not do her work in
that way. Milk flow must be continuous in an animal;
it cannot be spasmodic. Of course one must have a

No doubt this herd of cows would come out
better in the Spring if grain were bought for them.

But grain feeding at ruling
prices demands a gilt-edged mar¬
ket. The writer knows of suc¬
cessful dairies where hay is the
chief coarse fodder rather than
corn fodder or silage. But the
hay is fine, early-cut and nutri¬
tious. We are not told the quality
of this Herkimer County hay. If
it is No. 1 cow hay, consider¬
ing the market he describes, he
would better leave the grain
alone. The question of pur¬
chasing grain for. making medi¬
um-priced dairy products i§
widespread, and a serious mat¬
ter. Without it there is apt to
be deterioration of the herd;
with it, deterioration of the
pocketbook. In the long run
shall we not settle this question
by home-growing more coarse
protein crops? In upper Her¬
kimer County, with 25 cows and
only three horses, five or six
acres of oats and peas, hayed or
siloed, would be more to the pur¬
pose than so many acres of
straight oats thrashed. Upper
Herkimer County should be
able to raise such protein crops
as peas and vetches if it can¬
not raise Red clover, and we
have no evidence here that it
cannot raise Red clover. 1 he
solution of his problem, in my mind, would be to make
the hay as sweet and early as possible, and to increase to
the limit the acreage of coarse protein crops. If he
buys grain, his money would seem to be better spent
for a protein feed like bran, gluten, or linseed meal
than for molasses, which is a carbohydrate like his hay.
Cotton-seed meal is another good protein feed, but
rather too constipating to combine with a hay diet.

Connecticut. E- c- birge.

What Mr. Morse Would Do.

T must say that it seems strange to me that these farm¬
ers cannot raise corn for the silo. Herkimer County is
only 50 miles northwest from here, and some years I have
had Learning corn ripe enough for seed. Even if the corn
will not develop ears, the stalks are worth raising U> pro¬
duce succulent food for Winter, and some contend that
corn grown thickly and only allowed to grow stalk and
foliage is worth as much as the heavier stalk with the
ears, because the leaves contain more protein, which
is the more expensive element of cow food. But to
consider the question as it is asked,, the writer says he

2

January 7,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

has plenty of ‘ hay,” but does not say anything about
tlie quality. If this hay consists of a mixture of clover
and J imothy or some such grass, and was cut when
it should be, properly cured and properly fed, then
young, thrifty cows ought to live on it in good shape
when they are dry. On the other hand, if the hay
consists of some I imothy, more wild grasses, and much
weeds, and is cut late and poorly cured, then is fed
in a haphazard way, 1 pity the cows. As to the grain,
1 hree or four tons of oats” — and three horses. This

ROOTS OF A YOUNG STRAWBERRY PLANT. Flo. 2.

makes a very good combination, leaving out the 25
cows. We will begin November 1 and say the horses
haul some wood, a little manure and go to town occa¬
sionally. J hen about six pounds (or quarts) of oats
each would do. But our friend says that “some of the
hay must be drawn 12 miles.” This means 24 miles for
the team, and a load one way. Our rural mail man
says no horse can stand that drive every day with all
the grain he can eat. So I should say that our friend's
horses should have at least 12 quarts of oats per day.
Then “three or four tons” will last three horses 166 or
222 days. 1 he buckwheat shorts are very good milk
producers, but make a rather inferior quality of butter.
The Pennsylvania Experiment Station publishes a table
giving different kinds of feeds, their cost and the rela¬
tive cost of digestible matter in each, in part as fol-

lows :

Price per ton

Cost of digestible

Feed

matters per lb.

Wheat bran .

.02

Corn .

.0131

Gluten feed .

.0145

Cotton-seed meal .

0159

Linseed meal .

.01 77

Malt sprouts . .

. 1 9.00

.01 (il

Dried distillers’ grains .

. 25.00

.0145

By this table we see that wheat bran and linseed meal
are the two most expensive feeds on the list, and I
believe that in our case they are worth the most. I
think if these cows were mine I should feed little or
no grain until they began to spring bag; then I would
feed a little (say four pounds) of oatmeal or bran with
a teacupful of linseed meal a day, and after they
calve increase the feed as much as circumstances would
warrant, but not over two pounds of linseed meal per
day. Next year I would manure some land and plant
some corn; work it well and make it grow as big
as I could. When afraid of frost, I would cut it and
put it in a silo, whether great or small. I would also
mix oats, barley and Canada peas together, and sow all
I could of them. Peas are great for protein. I would
make hay of some of them, and thrash and grind the
rest. The barley will help take the place of corn-
meal for that cow that is always a little thin, and it
will not hurt the rest of the herd.

New York. j. grant morse.

Grain and Early-Cut Hay.

It is not always wise to offer advice to those whose
conditions are different from one’s own. We should
hardly kqow how to keep house without feeding our
cows, at least the milch cows, with grain feed. But
here we have good markets for all milk and butter that
can be produced, and that warrants grain feeding in
spite of present high prices. If we were in the in¬
quirer’s position, and wished to get all we could out of
the cows with as little expenditure for grain as possible,
we should plan to cut our hay early, and if possible
top-dress the mowing land as soon as cut. This in
good seasons would warrant a crop of rowen. Early-cut

hay and rowen are both great milk makers, and can
be produced on our own farms. By early cutting of hay
when first in blossom you may not get quite so large a
yield, but the better quality that is cut and probable in¬
crease of rowen will make up for that. If you can ret
bran and cotton-seed meal or some other grain with a
high per cent of protein in place of cotton-seed meal at
reasonable prices we think it will pay to buy some' and
mix with ground oats, say two parts bran, two parts
oats and one part cotton-seed meal, from four to six
pounds daily to cows giving a fair mess of milk. Buck¬
wheat shorts are a fine feed, equal to gluten feed, and
may be reasonable in price in the vicinity. Barley
sprouts are good, but we should prefer the feeds above
mentioned. The inquirer does not need to buy molasses
for feed. At the prices we have seen it quoted it is
about the most expensive food one could buy for profit¬
able results. Just now here butter brings 31 cents per
pound wholesale, but farmers are turning out very little
crfeam. Grain has been high and little fed, and by the
time they have fed enough to make cows respond well
prices may be down, while if they were all in condition
now there would be some money and fun in butter.
This wintering cows on hay alone means very little in¬
come from them at the time of year when most atten¬
tion can be given them, and when they ought to pay
best. We prefer all-year-round dairying.

Connecticut. h. g. Manchester.

FEEDING ROOTS OF STRAWBERRIES.

T. C. Kevitt, of New Jersey, argues that after a
strawberry plant has produced a good crop of fruit
it is time to start another plant from it. To illustrate

ROOTS OF AN OLD STRAWBERRY. Fig. 3.

his meaning, Mr. Kevitt' brought us samples of old
and young plants to show the root development. Aver¬
age specimens of such plants are shown at Figs. 2 and
3. Mr. Kevitt says: “In my experience where plants
have borne a crop of fruit one season the roots of the
old, exhausted plants become dead, wiry, and decay. You
will notice all the new roots on an old plant are near
the crown or surface. That is, they start out at one
side just below the crown. Still, during the growing
season and Autumn months the foliage may show all
indications of strong vitality in plant. Dig up in Fall,
and inspect the old plant carefully, with a view to dis¬
covering the truth in the root system, and compare facts
with a young grown plant of current season’s growth.
I have for nine seasons in succession retained and built
up a field of Glen Mary, which has proved to be a pros¬
perous way for a successful crop from the same soil
each season. Our method of building up the same
field after fruiting season is this: About July 1 we
start to cut out with a sharp hoe all plants except in
the original rows. We retain one plant every 12 inches
apart; rows two feet by six inches wide. When all
plants are cut out we start the cultivator through the
rows several times to loosen up the soil. About August
1 each plant throws out new runners and makes new
sets. In this way we renew the beds or field again with
all young, vigorous plants full of life and energy, which

become well anchored in the soil, and will not heave
by se\ ere freezing and thawing. 1 he past season, in
course of an argument, 1 observed the actual cost to
build up an acre of strawberries: Cutting out plants $9;
taking out destroyed plants 50 cents; cultivating, hoeing
and weeding $10.5*0; total cost per acre $19. Plow
up the old bed and reset with new plants; the cost will
be about $25 per acre, and no returns the second year.”

EASTERN GENERAL PURPOSE SHEEP.

I here is probably more of the proverbial restless¬
ness of the shepherd among the sheep breeders of the
Eastern States than in any other locality. Our hilly
country seems particularly adapted to the Merino, Ver¬
mont especially having produced many of the best and
most noted flocks of this famous breed the world has
ever seen. I am now referring to the wrinkly Spanish
type. At present we hear but little of these once-
coveted flocks. Breeders tired of the objectionable wrin¬
kles, and to-day they are rapidly being replaced by the
several famil.es of the Delaines, or by the Rambouillet
as a close second. Unfortunately for the breeders of the
Merino, times have changed and sheep can no longer
be bred for their wool alone, while on the other hand
a continually increasing demand for mutton, and lambs
for slaughter, calls emphatically for still another type of
sheep. Here again the breeder confronts a problem, for,
as I have already stated, sheep can no longer be bred
fi»r their wool alone in the East; neither can they
be raised with profit for their lambs alone, with the
possible exception of a choice few fattened by ex¬
perts, or by hothouse breeders for early markets. This
being the case, eastern breeders have been forced to
seek for still another class of sheep that would profitably
produce both wool and mutton. Purebreds were tried
with more or less success, usually less. It was soon
found that the long-wools, such as the Lincoln, Cots-
wold and Leicester, that thrived so satisfactorily on the
rich bottom lands of old England, were not adapted
to the rigorous climate of our New England, not being
strong enough in constitution to withstand the extreme
climatic conditions, with the comparatively scanty feed
on our old hill pastures.

Short-wools also sought for their share of public no¬
tice and favor. I he Southdown early won its way
somewhat extensively, but its light fleece prohibited it
fi om taking the coveted place. The Shropshire won
many friends, but did not prove quite hardy enough
for the average breeder. Crosses were tried. The
Delaine Merino and Shropshire, crossed either way,
proved perhaps the most satisfactory for an all-purpose
sheep, but without the best of care they were too scanty
milkers to raise ideal lambs. With the thought of im¬
proving our native flocks, foreign sheep were introduced,
and v ith them came also that curse of all flock owners,
nodular disease, which destroyed or debilitated so many
sheep as to eliminate all profit. Discouragement comes
to many, and it is indeed hard to keep from taking a
pessimistic view of the situation. Nothing daunted, the
sheep breeder should ever keep in mind that just as
many and as difficult problems confront the breeders of
nearly all kinds of domestic animals, and that suc¬
cess is nearly always bought with the price of eternal
vigilance and the intelligent, painstaking care which
their Creator designed them to have when He placed
them under the supervision of mankind. The problem
of successful sheep raising in the Eastern States should

GRADE HOLSTEIN HEIFER, No. 7. Fig. 4.

be more carefully worked out. The demand for both
mutton and wool is steadily increasing, and there is
nothing so well adapted to reclaiming our hills and
abandoned farms as sheep. q

Lebanon Springs, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3

FUMIGATION AND NURSERY STOCK.

What Nurserymen and Inspectors Say.

Do you know of any cases in your experience, where
fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas has injured fruit
trees so as to damage them? There is some debate as to the
value of fumigation, but this matter of injury has not been
made prominent. If a tree lias started its buds fumigation
might injure it. Would the proper strength of gas hurt it
otherwise?

We have never known of any injury to trees by fumi¬
gating. If properly done we do not think any damage
will result from it. edwin hoyt.

Connecticut.

I have never tested trees that have been treated with
hydrocyanic acid gas after they have come into leaf, but
I understand from those who have, that they have
planted the trees and they suffered no injury. This
was done for test purposes, but 1 cannot believe any
injury has ever been done to trees that were dormant
unless there was something wrong in the preparation
of the gas. s. d. willard.

New York.

I have never noticed any serious result from fumi¬
gating fruit trees, and I have fumigated peach trees
with full strength after the buds were slightly started.
However, I would not advocate the practice of doing
this, and would not fumigate trees for others after
the buds had swollen. The case in question was some
trees treated for my own planting as a matter of ex¬
periment. h. s. WILEY.

New York.

We do not believe fumigation is injurious to dor¬
mant trees. We have fumigated all stock for the past
five years, and have transplanted a great deal of it to
satisfy ourselves that there was no harm in the treat¬
ment. The past Spring we probably had 1,000 trees of
different kinds put out here on our grounds.

These had been subjected to fumigation,-
and we scarcely had a failure as to their
living. We have, however, had some com¬
plaints in regard to stock which has been
shipped into other States, where complain¬
ants believed fumigation is injurious. We,
however, doubt it. the r. g. chase, co.

New York.

I once saw some budding sticks that were
ruined by fumigation. The wood was red¬
dened and had the appearance of being
“cooked.” I have heard of damage to trees,
hut from my own experience I have never
yet seen any injury. We have been fumi¬
gating more or less for several years, and
I am sure that if the work is properly done,
and the trees are in fit condition, no serious
harm will result. If the contrary were true,
it would seem to be impossible that we
should not have discovered it long before
this. I imagine that in the cases where
damage has been reported, some part of the
work was faulty. At least, I can reach no
other conclusion after having seen stock
fumigated without any apparent injury.

New York. geo. a. sweet.

We do not know personally of any damage that has
been done in fumigating trees that were dormant when
fumigated. We have heard of several instances of
trees being damaged, especially peach, that were claimed
to have been fumigated after they were well ripened up,
but have had no experience of that kind ourselves. We
think there is no question, however, that trees dug in
early Fall before well ripened or dug in the Spring after
buds start, if fumigated with the charge recommended
by the experiment stations, would he damaged.

Ohio. THE STORRS * HARRISON CO.

I know of no instance under my personal observa¬
tion where fumigation has injured fruit trees, hut I
have heard of instances where the gas has been so
strong and powerful as to injure and in some cases
destroy the trees. It seems reasonable to suppose that
if the buds of the trees have started growth they would
he injured. chas. a. green.

New York.

We have been fumigating with hydrocyanic acid gas
for a number of years, and where the stock was per¬
fectly dormant we know of only one case where injury
resulted. In this case we think the chemicals were
misrepresented. However, it has been our experience
that stock not perfectly dormant is quite easily injured,
and we have also been informed by authorities that
stock should not be fumigated while wet. We have not
tested the matter sufficiently with wet stock to fully
determine that point. As to the value of fumigation,
we believe it has been too highly extolled. It has
been looked upon by many as sure death to any insects
on the trees at the time ; while, of course, this is true
of any living insect, yet those that pass the Winter in
the pupa or egg stage are not affected. As an eradi-
cator for San Jose scale on nursery stock it is probably

all right, but as a remedy for Woolly aphis, borers,
etc., it is a glittering failure. We have fumigated trees
infested with Woolly aphis, and one month afterward
found them again thick on the roots, even though the
trees had not been in the ground, but stored in a warm
cellar. We have seen peach trees thoroughly fumigated,
and immediately after dug live borers out of them. We
think entirely too much has been claimed for the hydro¬
cyanic acid gas treatment. stark Bros. & co.

Missouri.

Yes, we know of many cases where the fumigating of
trees injured them, and we know further that the
nurseryman is the loser, because he has to replace the
stock that fails to grow from this cause. If the trees
are in a perfectly dormant condition, it will be all right
to fumigate them, hut when trees are being handled
for shipment, not many of them are in a suitable
condition for fumigation. Early last Fall we had an
order from a wholesale firm wanting trees shipped
September 16, consisting of two carloads of peach
trees. If these trees had been fumigated full strength,
which is recommended, we would have lost the whole
order, although we did not get the order off before
the first of October. We have had such bad experience
in fumigation that we have nothing to recommend. I
have very little faith in fumigation, since we have
sustained such heavy losses in such work, and I
believe it would he far better for every nurseryman,
during the Winter months, to spray his entire nursery
or orchards, or any trees, with the salt, lime and sul¬
phur mixture, then spray again during the Summer
months, with the whale-oil soap. After the trees are
cleaned up well and sprayed in this manner, I believe
we can give our customers better trees, and I believe
the trees can he kept freer from insects and other dis¬
eases in this way than any other system. On the other

hand fumigation detracts from the tree’s vitality, and
the spraying of the salt, lime and sulphur will add to the
vitality; so will the whale oil soap, by practical ex¬
perience. When the trees are two years old, wash the
bodies with the whale-oil soap, strong enough to kill
any insect. You will find a great many who differ
from me and prefer fumigation. This fumigating busi¬
ness has been more like a red-tape affair than you
can imagine, and there have been several fumigation
houses built simply to refer to, or to look at, more than
they have been actually used.

Maryland. j. g. harrison & sons.

“ABANDONED FARMS " IN NEW ENGLAND

Another Side of the Matter.

Over a large portion of rural New England can be
found farms in many cases with good farm buildings
now going to decay, the land growing up to brush or
forest. On these former residents lived and supported
large families ; facts, I think, no one will deny, and so
the gushy and fluent hack writers tell us much about
abandoned farms. Others, equally gushy and unre¬
liable, tell us they are fast being taken up. But neither
mentions the abandoned shop and mill sites, which in
many towns far outnumber the abandoned farms. The
old mills and small manufactories will never be
rebuilt. Modern methods of transportation and manu¬
facture have made that impossible ; yet when it comes
to those old farmhouses, built to fit conditions now out
of date, sentiment takes the place of reason. States as
well as men take up the cry, for some one to come and
buy our abandoned farms, and fail even to tell we have
water power by the thousands going to waste in our
rivers. If a good reason, based upon business prin¬
ciples can be given why men should go back upon many

of these farms and try to dig a living from the soil,
1 have never heard it. The land is not going to waste,
for nature will provide a covering of forest growth,
valuable both to its owner and the country. That it
is better thus, I do believe. Yet New England does
offer large opportunities to the men who have a little
capital, are honest and are willing to work, not ’way back
on her most unfavorable farms, but near her cities and
towns, beside her State and other good roads (yes, be¬
side her trolley lines), there can be found farms
which can be bought cheap as compared with their
cost, or based upon an income value, in the best neigh¬
borhoods, near churches, schools, and free libraries.
I here he has a large choice in what he shall raise, be
it hens, the dairy, fruit, or produce, or even a little
of everything, and the best of markets at his door.

I here he can make a living and enjoy the comforts of
life so far in advance of the farmer of “wayback,” he
it in New England or on the Western plains. The two
are not to be compared. Yes, there are other op¬
portunities in New England beside her abandoned farms
to him who loves farm life and uses good business judg¬
ment in choosing a location for himself. Having lived
all my life upon a New England farm I have no sym¬
pathy with inducing men to go back on farms where only
loss and disappointment will result. New England agri¬
culture will take care of itself; so will its farmers if
given a fair chance.

One word in regard to our so-called educators who
are so anxious to tcacli farm boys and girls to love the
farm. Yes, take them from home and parents, put
them into “kid wagons,” cart them a few miles, dump
them into a village school with children who wear bet¬
ter clothes and have more leisure, who despise work
and farm life, and there educate them to love the farm
and farm life. As long as the public pays the bills, may
our children on the farm or in the city be
taught that which will bring out the best
that is in them; then will our country boys
and girls show that they can choose and
choose wisely what their future shall be.
Massachusetts. h. o. mead.

THE MANURE CROP.

Among the many valuable articles in the
December 10 number of The R. N.-Y. I find
that by A. B. Rogers on caring for the manure
crop of especial interest. I hope the time
will soon come when the farmers of our coun¬
try will look upon the manure pile as one
of the principal resources of the farm; when
it will, in great measure, be considered a
guide to the productive capacity of the farm.
Many manufacturing concerns are, to-day,
realizing a profit from some by-product of
their operations, which formerly was allowed
to waste, or possibly was considered a nui¬
sance to be got rid of at the least possible
expense. The manure pile, a by-product of
the farm, is, in my judgment, capable of being
turned into one of the greatest sources of rev¬
enue. 1 he farmer is a manufacturer. His
workship is as broad as nature. His re¬
sources are the raw material from her hands;
his products are the finished materials of food and
clothing, which are in demand by all the people, and
in every climate. But, with his broad resources, and
grand opportunities, he must still be prepared to main¬
tain his working capital. This working capital is of
course the amount of available plant food in his soil.
The manure crop as a means for conserving this, be¬
comes of great value.

I desire to commend the idea of Mr. Rogers in ques¬
tioning the wisdom of using kainit, acid phosphate, etc.,
for absorbents. In our experience sawdust, either from
soft or hard wood, after being piled up and allowed
to heat and dry out, more nearly fills the bill than any
other material used as an absorbent. It is light and
clean to handle ; has great absorbent capacity, and cuts
the manure nicely. When it is judiciously used, and the
resultant manure kept from heating by tramping with
animals or moistening with water, there will be no
need of using any special material for fixing the nitro¬
gen. For several years all ashes made in the home have
been scattered on the manure, and we think well of the
practice. There is one point made in Mr. Rogers’s
article with which I can hardly agree. I would have no
fermentation in the manure pile, and cannot see how
fermentation can increase the fertilizing constituents
of the manure. It would, of course, make these con¬
stituents more quickly available, but I should think
this availability would be obtained at a loss in the total
amount of plant food. b. Walter mckeen.

Maine. _

A PERSEVERING FARMER. — The Maine farmer,
shown in Fig. 5, drawing evergreen boughs for mulch¬
ing, shows plenty of energy and perseverance. It is not
every man who would take his place between the shafts
with equal cheerfulness. The work he has on hand is
often delayed by press of Fall operations. If the first
snowfall puts it entirely out of mind, the neglect will he
lamented later on, when alternate freezing and thawing
works havoc with the roots.

4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 7,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
tbe name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our ^advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Walnut Timber.

S. G., Elmira, Ore. — Is the wood of the
English walnut and the Japan kinds, such
as Juglans Sieboldi and .1. cordiformis as
valuable as that our Black walnut?

Ans. — The timber produced by the Eng¬
lish, or rather Persian, walnut, Juglans
regia, is not nearly so valuable as that
from our native Black walnut, J. nigra,
seldom growing as large and massive, and
usually finishing up lighter in color. The
wood of the Japan nuts above mentioned
is comparatively soft and light, like that
of our butternut, J. cinerea. All have
fome value if well grown, but the Black
walnut is much the best.

Hedge Locust for Posts.

IV. L. P., Palmyra, N. V. — Can you tell
me anything in regard to the durability' of
posts (fence posts) cut from locust, such as
is used for hedges? I can get them for
cleaning up an old hedge that has been neg¬
lected.

Ans. — We do not understand just what
tree is referred to. The Yellow or Black
locust, Robinia pscudacacia, is seldom or
never used for hedges, but the wood is
most durable, lasting from JO to 75 years
when used as fence posts. The Honey
locust, Gleditschia triacanthos, is some¬
times used as a defensive hedge. The
wood is quite durable, but much inferior
to that of the Black locust, seldom lasting
more than 10 to 15 years in the soil. The
thorny Osage orange, Toxylon pomiferum,
is widely used for hedging and may some¬
times be called locust, but is not often
found large enough for posts. Tlie wood
is very lasting, posts set in the soil 50
or more years being still quite sound.
When Osage posts of sufficient size can
be procured they may be considered as
valuable as those from the Black or Yel¬
low locust.

Orchard Cover Crop in South Carolina.

T. P. P., Wclford /Station, S. C. — I have
an apple orchard that has been in peas for
the last three seasons, and I wish to put
this land in a crop the coining year that
will not materially injure the fruit trees.

I put a good dressing of cow manure around
the trees, not close up to them, with about
one pound of potash to the tree, it now
has a good coat of Crab grass on the land,
since the peas are cut oil'. Would it lie better
to put this same ground for another year
in peas and cultivate them, to clear the land
of the Crab grass before it is put in some¬
thing permanent? 1 am trying to manage
tlie orchard so as to gel a crop of fruit, also
something to cut that will not injure the
trees.

Ans. — It is not stated how old this orch¬
ard is, but it is probably young and not
yet in bearing. As it has been sown to
cow peas for the past three years, and
the trees arc now well manured, the soil
should be in good condition. The aim
of the owner seems to be to take good care
of the trees and yet get profitable forage
crops from the land, borage is a bad
crop to take from an orchard, generally,
but cow peas are the best that could be
grown. Aly advice is to grow a crop of
early potatoes or one of sweet potatoes
on the land next year. After that the
land should be worked over with nothing
on it until about the middle or last of
September, when Crimson clover may be
sown. If tbe land is in very fine condi¬
tion it would be possible to grow a crop
of cow peas or corn fodder between the
early potato crop and the time to sow
Crimson clover, as the warm seasons are
very long in South Carolina. In any
case the crops should be planted in rows,
except the clover, and cultivated.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Change in Geneva Meeting. — The annual
mooting of the New York State Fruit Grow¬
ers' Association will be held in Geneva, N. Y.,
Tuesday and Wednesday, January 10 and 11,
instead' of January 4 and 5, as formerly an¬
nounced. An unusually interesting meeting
is promised. Among those who will give ad¬
dresses are Prof. Beach, of the State Exper¬
iment Station, on the subject “What Consti¬
tutes a Variety Prof. Craig, of Cornell Uni¬
versity, on judging and scoring fruit ; Prof.
A. McNeill, of tlie Dominion Department of
Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, on tlie trend of
modern fruit growing: Miss Anna K. Bar-
rows. of Bostort. on “Fruits in Domestic Sci¬
ence,” and Prof. I,. R. Taft, Inspector of tlie
State Board of Agriculture of Michigan, on
comfhercial apple growing. Full reports will
also lie given by tlie committees of tlie Asso¬
ciation. Any one wishing accommodations
engaged for the meeting, or having horticul¬
tural apparatus or appliances which they wish
to exhibit at tbe meeting or have mentioned
in the programme, address W. L. McKay,
Secretary, Geneva, N. Y. I

The Only

Grand Prize

for Vegetables

at the great 1904

ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

was won by

The Products of

Burpee’s Seeds!

C. W. Holley, Glendale Stock Farm, Glens
Falls, N. Y., December 14, 1901, writes: Now our
winnings for 1904 are as follows : Wasnington
County Fair, $110.50; Albany County, $89.75: Cam¬
bridge Fair, $101.25; Saratoga County, $45.00;
Clinton County, $35.00; Warren County, $75.00;
New York State Fair, #287.50; and West
Chester Countt, #325.50; making a total of
#1,060.50 cash.

Wo also got the GOLI> MEDAL
at St. Louis World’s Fair on host
display of vegetables raised in New
York State. Also we got the
GRAND PRIZE on vegetables over
all the other States and the ONLY
GRAND PRIZE won by any one
on vegetables.

Some other seedsmen got “a Gold Medal,'' but
no other State or person got a Grand Prize but the
old and tried Glendale Stork Farm of Glens Falls ,
N. Y., with the reliable seeds to back them, with their
fine show, of which they always win with Burpee’s
Seeds. I think in the last five years that no other
seed firm can show tbe winnings at any fairs like
Burpee & Co., and now tlie biggest honor has
fallen again on Burpee & Co. by having their
seeds take tlie GOLD MEDAL, and THE
GUAM) PRIZE of the United States.

We took tlie most attractive display to tlie
World’s Fair. The jury on vegetables told me
that they never saw such a show anywhere as we had
there I sent you a letter describing our show
there. Now I consider that we have won for you
one of the greatest honors for your seed that can
be won by any one, --the Grand Ph zk and Gold
Medal. Of course, there were other Go d Medals
won on vegetables, b t no other “ Grand Prize ”
but ours ! it cost us enough. To you the honor, —
hut we knew we had the vegetables and were
going to try for the big prize!

Trj>S¥*> The winnings (as stated above), entitled
XaB* The Glendale Stock Farm to Burpee
Premiums as follows: Seve County Fairs at $5.00
each: one State Fair, with photograph, $21.00;
and the National Extra Prize of $100.00. In addi¬
tion we sent our check also for an “honorarium”
of $100.00 in appreciation of the magnificent re¬
sults that Mr. Holley, at his own expense, att lined
at St. Louis, ltd Thus Mr. Ilollcy won, the past
fall, a tota’ of thirteen hundred and twenty-
live dollars and fifty cents in cash prizes for
the products of BURPEE’S Best “Seeds that
Grow.”

In Invcn as usual, the first prize at State
ill lOVt a, Fairwaswon by Mr. L. G. Clute, —
exclusively with the products < f Burpee’s Seeds.
Mr. Clute was made Superintendent of Iowa’s
Agricultural Exhibit at the World’s Fair. He
wrote us from St. Louis, November 21, 1904, that
in this great Iowa Exhibit, which was awarded a
GOLD MEDAL and also the GRAND PRIZE,
all the vegetables were grown from Burpee’s Seeds ;
ah o the Sweet Corn, Pop Corn, and Potatoes, all
grown from Burpee’s 8iki;s!

The* DaciiHc at tho State Fairs of New
1 IIU lyCSUlIS York, Minnesota, Wiscon¬
sin, and Kansas, are announced on page 174,
and of Indiana on page li> of Burpee’s Farm
Annual. Other States did equally as well, and
we si all publish several more phrt graths of
State 8 a r Exhibits in our New Prize Supple¬
ment for 1905. We are justly proud of all the
prizes won by our customers, as also of tlie Two
Gold Medals and Two Silver Medals , (including
the only GOLD MEDAL on Lawn Grass)
awarded directly to us for our own Growing Ex¬
hibits at tlie St. Louis Exposition. Although not
yet “thirty years old,” no other seeds have ever
had such universal endorsement at Slate and
County Fail's!

If you are interested’ to know more about
llkxv the Unequaled Record made throughout
America,— »t State and County Fairs, - by the pop¬
ular prize-winning products of Burpee’s Seeds,
you have only lo ask, with your order, for a copy
of our Prize Supplement for 1905, hut farst write
a postal card for

Burpee’s Farm Annual
for 1905,

“LEADING AMERICAN
SEED CATALOGUE.”

A bright new hook of 178 pages
with beautiful colored plates and hun¬
dreds of illustrations from nature. It is
mailed FRISK to all who intend to
try Burpee’s Seeds.

Unlike most “Seedmen,” we are actual
GROWERS of Seeds, having our own farms in
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, supplemented by
private contracts throughout America and
Europe, subject also to our careful personal in¬
spection. We have no branch establishments,
and all orders must be addressed to

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

so long known
as the

FRUIT

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

SEEDS

SOLD OK MERIT. Catalog free.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Oept.24 Ravenna. 0.

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn that has made Shenandoah famous. Has
outyieldedall other varieties of yellow corn wher¬
ever tested. A deep grained 100 day yellow corn,
ripe in September Will outyield, outuhell, and outeell any yellow
corn you erer prew. The world’s husking record, 201 bu. in ten hours,
was made in this corn near Shenandoah, Dec. 8, 1903. Bend for
free catalog, photographs and samples of this and other varieties of
corn. |5.00 worth of seeds free on club orders. Ask about it.

HENRY FIELD, SEEDSMAN, BOX 26 , SHENANDOAH, IOWA

THE EAR SEED CORN MAN

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. apprizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, S.T,
Established 18W.

TUP MfinFRN WAY-Wonderfnl Crops of straw-
InL IWUULnn ITHI berries: how to retain the
old beds. KEV1TT PLANT FARM. Athenla.N. J.

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie¬
ties, new and olp
Al’l’L K T K E fc S .

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FK KB descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO. ,Hightstown, N. J.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
r fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri-
" bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

^GRAPEVINES

69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, A-o. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for I(;c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH. FRTnnwis >• f

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100.000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 1906 Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

WEST MICHIGAN TREES

arc “bred lor benrliijc.” 1 hat's why we
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also insures st< < k true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — *J13 .acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. >Vo sell direct at
wholesale prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mich.

GRAPE VINES

Cnrranta, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2c .t.mp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T, S, HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

SAVE MONEY ON
FRUIT PLANTS

Strawberry Plants

$1.75 ' r M

and up

All Kinds of Small Fruits. Satisfaction
Guaranteed.

Valuable Catalogue Trek. Bund postal to

O. A. E. BALDWIN,

Oak Street, Bridgman, IVlich.

JOHNSON & STOKES’

G4RDEN and FARM MANUALFREE

Contains actual photographs of the fine, early vegetables
and flowers any one can grow from our seeds.

O' l)\Y” SWEET COHN. Tlie newest, ear ie.st aud sweetest corn
derfully productive. Many o he • n w t arieties of vegetables and

flowers are shown.

By Special Appointment
“ Seedsmen to the Money- Makers."

217-2 111 Market Street, Philadelphia,

Johnson &

Department It.

Stokes

WANTED

CUSTOMERS TO T R Y O U R
Whose Trees? WILEY’S TREES

FRUIT TREES

Are they reliable trees? Hundreds of our best Commercial Orchardists say they are, who have been
planting them for years. FREIGHT and EXPRESS prepaid to destination If you desire. Get our
Catalogue. H, S. AVI LEY & SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. V.

TREES

Apples. Pear. Plum, rherry, Peach and
Carolina Poplars. Healthy, true to
name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Catalogue free. RELIANCE NUKsERV, Box 10, Geneva, New York.

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FKEB CATALOGUE will save yoi

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries.

you money. MYEK & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

300.000 APP,e Trees,

each, 2nd 15c., 3rd 10c.. 4th 5c

6 to 7 ft. 11c. each; 5 to 6 ft. 8c. each; 4 to 5 ft. Cc. each:
3 to 4 ft. 4c 60.(00 Cherry trees 2 year first grade 20c
5c. Boxing free. Liberal discounts for earlyorders.
Secure varieties now, pay in Spring. No cold storage trees, everything fresh dug. No disease, health certlfi
cate with every shipment. We also offer to the planter. Half a million Peaelies, Pears, Plums and
Quinces. A full line of .hade trees and ornamentals. Grape vines and berry plants. Our plate book show
Ing 150 plates of fruits and flowers in natural colots drawn from nature, free to every customer ordering $!U.OO
worth or more L..rge catalogue free to all. Slieeriu’s Wholesale Nurseries, Dansville, N. V.

HOYT’S NURSERIES NEW ENGLAND

and no more comploto line of “ A 1 ” stock grown in the United States. Fruit Trees, Shade Trees and
Ornamentals. Write us about your Fall planting — advice based on experience of three generations, free.

Catalogue for the asking.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT.

NEW RED

t

PHENOMENAL RASPBERRY

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERRIES TO A PLANT FOURTEEN MONTHS

FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long and 3 3^ inches in circumference ; they
will ship 1,000 miles easily. Acres and acres are being planted in California
for Canning Purposes, and the plants are in great demand. Kend for
photograph, description and prices of tip pi tints.

Plants ready to ship from January 15tli to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO., *

L. Box 10.‘5. Loomis, California.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

5

GREENHOUSE WORK IN JANUARY.

Carnation Propagation. — Midwinter is
an interesting period in the greenhouse,
from the fact that it is at that season the
florist is busy with many propagating and
forcing operations, to some of which we
have referred in former notes. The prop¬
agation of carnations has been begun even
earlier than this in some establishments,
and will be continued for probably three
months to come, the slips or cuttings be¬
ing put in the sand bed in successive lots
as suitable growths may be had from the
stock plants. It will be remembered that
a brief description of the preparation of
the propagating bench or sand bed was
given in a former issue, the chief features
of which were cleanliness of the bench,
some good bar sand well packed down,
and proper conditions of heat and moist¬
ure. To those directions may be added
that the propagating bed may occupy a
bench or portion of a bench on the north
side of the greenhouse, supposing the lat¬
ter to run east and west in location, for
direct sunshine is not required in our
propagating operations. The carnation
cuttings are formed from the short side
shoots that appear around the lower por¬
tion of a flowering growth, these side
shoots being preferably broken off from
the parent stem, a little practice being nec¬
essary in order to break off these cuttings
without injury to the old stem. 1 lie
broken cuttings usually root more readily
in the case of carnations than do those cut
off at the base with a knife, possioly be¬
cause the tender wood bruises very readily
unless the knife is very sharp. The lower
pair of leaves on the cuttings may be
either broken or cut off, and the remainder
of the leaves shortened with a knife to
about one-half their length, after which
the cuttings are ready for planting. A
convenient method for the planting of
these or any small cuttings is to cut a
mark or channel across the bed for each
row of cuttings with an old dinner knife
or a putty knife, being careful not to make
the channel deeper than the average cut¬
ting will reach to the bottom, the rows be¬
ing spaced about two inches apart and the
cuttings not much over an inch apart in
the row. While these or any other cut¬
tings are making it is advisable to keep
them out of the sunshine and also to_ sprin¬
kle them with water to keep them just as
fresh as possible, watering in each lot of
cuttings as they are planted in the sand.

1 nen give a light sprinkle overhead with
a syringe each bright day, and shade from
the sun with some old newspapers, and in
the course of about three weeks with a
temperature of 56 to 60 degrees at night
the carnations should be rooting.

Chrysanthemums and Geraniums —
Some cuttings of Chrysanthemums will
also be ready by this time, soft young
shoots of these plants rooting much more
readily than hard growths, and may be
treated in much the same way as the car¬
nations. The Autumn-rooted geraniums
will probably be large enough by this time
to allow of the removal of a cutting from
the top, in addition to those that may be
taken off the plants that were lifted from
the garden for this purpose, and these cut-
tines should be put in as soon as possible,
in order that the propagating bed may be
utilized for as many successive crops as
possible. In making geranium cuttings, of
either the zonal or the scented varieties, it
is best to remove all but the two or three
upper leaves, and after giving them a good
watering to settle them in the sand bed,
then keep them somewhat drier than the
other cuttings mentioned, this treatment
. causing them to root more quickly.

Forced Bulbs. — The forcing of lilies-of-
th e-valley and various bulbs will be more
thought about this month, and a few notes
on tiiis subject may not be without inter¬
est. Lily-of-the-va'lley roots or pips will
mostly have been outdoors in a cold frame
until this time, those used for very early
forcing, for example for Christmas or ear¬
lier, being roots of the former year’s crop
that have been retarded from growth in
cold storage. There has been an abund¬
ance of frost in all the Eastern and Middle
States to freeze the roots thoroughly this
season, and this is an advantage to the
forcing operation. The coating of straw
and earth with which the pips were cov¬
ered is carefully removed and the flats or
boxes brought into the greenhouse, and
the house in which this forcing process is
to be conducted must be one in which a
strong and steady heat may be maintained.
In this greenhouse a frame or box is con¬
structed on the bench, the sides being at
least one foot high and preferably a lit¬
tle more, and the top covered over with
shutters to exclude the light. In this box
the flats of lilies of the valley are placed,
then covered with an inch or two of
sphagnum moss, given a thorough water¬
ing, and kept at a temperature of 75 to 85
degrees, and with abundant moisture and
regular temperature the shoots will be
seen coming through the moss in a week
or 10 days, and after 15 to 10 days the
flowers will begin to open and the flats
should be lifted out into the open green¬

house, but protected from the sun. The
pale yellow foliage will soon turn green
and harden on exposure to the light and
the flowers will be ready to cut in about
20 or 21 days from the time the roots
were brought in frozen from outdoors.
This sounds like a very short period in
which to complete a crop, and lest the pic¬
ture may appear too alluring to some be¬
ginner, it would be well to remember that
not more than 50 per cent of the pips or
roots will produce first-class flowers in
the hands of the average cultivator, and
that notwithstanding this fact the price
at which the flowers are sold in our large
cities is much lower than it was a few
years ago, there being a number of large
specialists throughout the country who
keep up a regular cut of lilies of the valley
at all seasons.

Tulips, daffodils, Freesias and Roman
hyacinths do not require so strong a heat
to force them into flower, but all need
shading during the early stages of the
process in order to draw up the flower
stems to a reasonable length, there being
less trouble to get them up in the later
crops as their natural flowering season
approaches. w. h. taplin.

The Choice
of Lamps

It is not merely the matter of cost, but the
comfort and artistic effect of your home
by night, as well as the convenience
and work by day.

THE

Angle Lamp

is the most economical of all good lights and
its soft, mellow, steady light makes it the
most desirable.

It is overhead, out of the way, casts no un¬
der-shadow, emits no odor or smoke and is
lighted and extinguished like gas. In fact it
is a perfect substitute for gas and electricity at
a far less cost. Burns for 18 hours with one
filling and saves its own cost in a short time.

Sold on 30 Days Trial

You would never part with it if you learned to
know it. Ask for our free catalogue NN and
learn all about it.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO.
78-80 Murray St., New York.

P°

i 1 1

TATOKS- Bliss, Cobbler, Harvest, Hustler,
Ohio. Hose, Longfellow. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

YOU NEED

Drecr’s garden seeds. They are carefully tested
and famous the world over. Can’t say much
about them here. Had to make a big book or
224 pages to do them j ustiee. W rite for a copy of

DREER’S

Carden Book

for 1 906. The most complete catalogue ever
Issued. Full or true pictures of (lowers and
vegetables. Tells howto garden successfully.
Sent postpaid on receipt of ten cents in coin or
stamps, which amount may he deducted from
lirst order. Please mention this magazine.
Garden Hook sent to our customers without request,

HENRY A. DKEEIl, 711 Chestnut St. , Phila. , Pa.

It takes $20,000 worth of postage stamps to mail

the Maule

SEED

logue for 1905. It contains 152 large pages,
of illustrations and descriptions of the

catalogue for 1905.
full of illustration^ .. .

best ami newest tilings known In horti¬
culture. No gardener can afford to he without
this hook, which will be sent free to all sending <
me their address on a postal card.

Win. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa.

We cata¬
logue this
season the
earliest mar¬
ket potato
ever produced
in the United
States.

GREGORY’S SEEDS

We catalogue a new drumhead cabbage
which in the government test surpassed all
varieties found in this Country and Europe.
Catalogue free.

I. J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass.

Winter’s Dread

keep the house uniformly warm in the
morning— all day — any kind of weather
— without attention to the fire during
the night. When you recall the fuel
needlessly burned or the discomforts
caused last winter by old fashioned
methods, why wait longer to ask about

our way ol
steam or water
warming your
home? The
fuel saving —
cleanliness —
absence of re¬
pairs — pay in
time for the
outfit. Family
health is pro¬
tected.

Simple to put
into old cot¬
tages, houses,
buildings, etc.
Easy to run as a parlor stove. No
street water supply required. Put in
now at summer prices by best
mechanics. Ask for booklet.

American radiator company

Dept. 9. CHICAGO

is the bed-time thought of rising,
dressing, bathing and breakfast¬
ing in cold rooms. There’s a
way out.

American

ii Radiators

&

DEAL

Boilers

BUYING SEEDS

FROM THE GROWER

In buying seeds you have to consider
the ability of the seedsman to furnish
good seeds as well as his honesty and
intention to do so.

The seedsman who raises his seeds
himself is in a much better position to
know what he is selling than a dealer
who sells seeds raised by others. That
is one reason why we think we can fur¬
nish better seeds at lower prices than
other seedsmen.

We raise seeds on our own Farm (250
acres). We sell direct to the planters
and make prices as low as dealers
would have to pay. But they are not
“cheap seeds”. No pains is spared to
make them the best and highest bred
seeds grown. There are no better seeds
to be had at any price.

Why not send for our catalogue to-day? It
will cost you nothing ana perhaps save you a
good deal. A postal card will bring it.

We offer a lot of good things, includ¬
ing a new Potato, which has proved to he
perfectly blight proof and a new oats
that gave in 2000 bushels on 19 acres.

JOSEPH HAR1US COMPANY,

Seed Growers, Coldwatcr, N.Y.

5,000,000 Strawberry Plants, all of the best old and
new varieties. Plants boston market; cheapest to buy.
Head what a customer says; “The Strawberry Plants
you shipped me were in tine shape, and I must compli¬
ment you on your way of doing business.’’ W.L New-
tnan.Lao- a,N. Y. Catalog free. Write to-day aud save
money. W. S. Perdue* Sons, Box U5.Parsonsburg,Md

Fruit and Ornauieutul Trees, Etc., have

been the standard of excellence for half a cen¬
tury. Wo mail postpaid, Seeds, Plain*,
Roses, Bulbs, Vines, Small Trees, Etc.,
and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction,
larger by express or freight. Direct deal insures
yon the best and saves you money. Try us. Your
address on a postal will bring you our elegant
168 page catalogue free. Correspondence solici¬
ted. 51 years, 44 greenhouses, 1000 acres.

THE STOKRS <V HAKII1SON CO.,
Box 221, PAINESVILLE. OHIO.

The Codlin Moth which
annually destroys
$11,000,000 worth
of fruit.

should be used by
e v e r y fruit grower
They save their cost
In a single season
and outlast any spray
pump made.

Hardie Spray Pumps are made from the very
best and most durable materials. No compli¬
cated mechanism, no parts to wear out, rust or
become clogged, and “they work so easy".

Our Book on Spraying, tells about every In¬
sect pest and disease which attacks fruit trees
land gives all the best and latest formulas for
(preventing their ravages. It also gives tho.ocret of
how tho successful fruit grower makes big tnonoy. Just
ask for it on a postal. It's absolutely f roe.

[H00K-H ARBIE CO. lUMechaalc St. Hudson, Mich.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were usi ng the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
Into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. Wo have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich

EMPIRE
KINGS

GARFIELD KNAPSACK
TORS. No scorching foliage,
valves. All styles of Spray

| No

Pumps. Valuable book of iustructions free.
FIELD FORCE PC Ml’ CO., « 1 lth 9t., Elmir., N.

with

MADE $ 1725/

in sparo time and home couu-
ty. You may do as well. W-/
Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

with new spring shut-off. Catch a
good thing quick. Write for free
sample plan and full particulars

RochesferSprayPumpCo., 16 East Ave.,Bachestsr,N.Y.

for scale with the WALLACE
SPRAY E HS. No expense for power
Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, Ill.

HYDRATED LIME

To mix with KEROSENE. Sure Death to
SAN JOSE SCALE. For Few Trees or Large
Orchards. Free circular explains.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S.Dept. of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoaplsa Fertilizeras well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $3.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4. 50; half barrel,
8701b.,3*bcper lb; barrel,4251b.,3)^c. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
Q39-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

This Is Bro. Jonathan

( th« jofial trado-iuark of that hand- I
‘ Homes t of farm paper*, The Fruit - I
\ Grower. It is full of “meaty" in- j
I formation for successful farming and I
I fruit-raising. Yearly gubecri ptic D |
J 50o. Send ‘25c and name* of 10 per- i
J flous Interested In fruit-growing, for a
' year’s trial. Eastern Edition tor I

’ statu, out of Ohio. The Fruit-Grower I
Co., 251 S. 7th, St. Joseph, Mo.

11 you want to eet the
biggest returns for
your labor aud
your ground,
gtswfi you can’t afford

to plant anything but

FERRYS

—the standard after 49 years’
test. They always produce
the largest and surest
crops. All dealers sell
them. Our 1905
Seed Annual
free on request.

D. M. Ferry & Co,

DETROIT, MICH.

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

Learn how to tap the Maple Tree. The gain in sap will
pay for Grimm Spouts and Covers in one season. Cul¬
tivate the bore by reaming. Save your trees and secure
a better quality. Sample Spouts and Catalogue “G”
free. You run no risk ; all is guaranteed.

G. H. GRIM M, Rutland, Vt. aud 778 Craig St., Montreal. P. y,

6

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 7,

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Australian Glory Pea. — How
many readers have tried to grow the ex¬
ceedingly showy Glory pea, Clianthus
Dainpieri? Seeds are not as freely offered
as in the past — the almost inevitable lack
of success under ordinary conditions in
northern localities has caused the demand
to fall off — but they are still listed in the
best catalogues at 10 cents a package. It
is usually treated as a tender greenhouse
shrub, but when sown early in very sandy
soil occasionally makes a magnificent dis¬
play in late Summer. The trouble with
the Glory pea is that it is difficult to trans¬
plant even where carefully grown in pots,
and impossible to handle safely in the or¬
dinary way. The roots are particularly
brittle, the slightest breakage often being
followed by decay, and even when care¬
fully shifted the roots may fail to take
hold of the new soil. Being a legume the
Glory pea may not grow well without in¬
oculation with a symbiotic organism, but
at any rate its culture on its own roots is
very uncertain. The only success in trans¬
planting we have yet scored came by sow¬
ing a few seeds each in well-drained cigar
boxes containing coarse, sandy soil of no
great fertility. The boxes were placed on
the soil of a brisk hotbed in March. Water
was sparingly given, as the seedlings
quickly resent moist soil. In late May
the boxes were carefully pried apart and
the balls turned out with great caution
and firmly bedded in a sunny situation
three feet apart in a slightly elevated bed
composed wholly of sandy soil, with a
small quantity of fine old manure mixed
in. The plants, soon after coming up, had
been thinned to one in each box. Two
plants out of five started off with vigor
and bloomed profusely from August until
frost, the half trailing branches growing
nearly four feet long. The three remain¬
ing plants wer^ stunted, and did not
amount to anything. The seeds are hard,
and grow better if soaked in hot water —
80 to 90 degrees — for 24 hours before
planting. As a glasshouse plant the Aus¬
tralian Glory pea is anything but satisfac¬
tory, the foliage being readily attacked by
the red spider mite, while the root system
seldom develops freely in pots or borders.
The New Zealand species, C. puniceus, often
called Parrot’s-bill, succeeds much better
in the greenhouse, and has become a
favorite outdoor shrub in California,
blooming all Winter in the neighborhood
of San Francisco. The color of the flowers
is crimson, fading somewhat with age, and
is consequently less striking than the in¬
tense scarlet and black of the Glory pea.

As a Grafted Plant. — Belgian cultiva¬
tors have great success in grafting the
Glory pea on nearly related leguminous
shrubs. They formerly used the Bladder
senna, Colutea arborescens, a half-hardy
rapid-growing shrub from southern Eu¬
rope, as a stock, thus securing vigorous,
tree-like and long-lived specimens, capable
of producing immense quantities of bloom.

It is now claimed that Swainsona coro-
nillaefolia, very commonly grown by flor¬
ists for its pure white pea-like blooms,
makes a more congenial stock. Magnifi¬
cent specimen Glory peas grafted on
Swainsonas have lately been shown at Eu¬
ropean exhibitions. The free-rooting habit
of Swainsona and its tendency for con¬
tinuous bloom doubtless fit it especially well
for the purpose. It is native to Australia,
and is hardy on the Pacific coast as far
north as San Francisco. Tt thrives well
in a cool temperature, and is usually
grown under carnation conditions by flor¬
ists for Winter bloom. It likes rich, light
soil, abundant sunlight and moisture, while
the roots well endure compression in
good-sized pots or tubs. It will be seen
that where the Glory pea, with its compar-
atively feeble and exacting root system,
can he made to unite with the vigorous
and easily satisfied Swainsona an immense
gain is made. The white-flowered Swain¬
sona is usually offered under the name of
S. galegifolia, and plants may almost
everywhere be had for 15 to 20 cents each,
or easily grown from cuttings. Those who
are willing to take some trouble to grow
unique and striking specimens may exper¬
iment with grafts of the Glory pea, grown
in good-sized pots or boxes until the wood
is firm, on established stocks of Swain¬
sona. We have not tried it, but under¬
stand the ordinary splice or cleft graft is
used, the foliage of the scion rather closely
trimmed, and the union firmly bound with
waxed cloth or gutta percha paper until
growth starts. We have successfully graft¬
ed geraniums, tomatoes and other soft-
wooded perennials in this way.

Sterilizing Soils. — The sterilization of
soils in the benches and borders of green¬
houses where valuable and repeated crops
of flowers or vegetables are grown is now

considered almost a commercial necessity.
Certain fungus diseases thrive under the
stimulating conditions of intensive glass¬
house culture fully as well as the crop the
cultivator wants to grow, and often cause
most discouraging losses. Much can be
done by intelligent care to ward off the
worst effects, but there arc no cures, once
the soil becomes infected, except its com¬
plete renewal or thorough disinfection,
which is best accomplished by heat, moist
or dry, sufficient to raise the temperature
of the whole soil mass to, or above, that
of boiling water. Large operators accom
plish this by steaming the soil in place by
a frame made of perforated pipes connect¬
ed with a nearby boiler. The frame is
placed on the soil, an equal depth of soil is
shoveled over it and then covered with a
tarpaulin or thick blanket. Steam is ad¬
mitted under 15 to 20 pounds pressure,
and kept on until the whole mass is heated
to near 300 degrees ; then the device is
moved to a fresh place, and the operation
repeated until the whole bench or house
has been gone over. All disease germs
and insect pests are killed, and the soil
can only be reinfected by contact with
new soil, infected implements, water, etc.,
bearing living organisms. The beneficial
bacteria and germs promoting the decom¬
position of manures and releasing soil fer¬
tility are also largely destroyed, but they
are usually quick to re-establish them¬
selves, and the crops planted are likely to
grow to maturity with little disturbance.
In a smaller way soil is sterilized in steam
chests or large wooden bins containing
perforated pipes to distribute steam. A
common test for temperature and exposure
in a steam chest is to bury a potato in the
soil, close the lid and admit steam until
the potato is cooked tender. Too pro¬
longed steaming seems to impair the fer¬
tility of the soil, or at least to delay its re¬
sponsiveness to cultivation, probably by
too extensively destroying the benevolent
germs that are supposed to be more resist¬
ant to heat than most disease organisms.
This method is expensive in that it im¬
plies repeated handling of the soil, and is
particularly useful for ridding the sand
to be used for cutting propagation of the
dreaded “cutting bench” fungus, as well as
for sterilizing batches of soil to be used
for rare seedlings and the potting of val¬
uable plants.

Use of the Oven. — The amateur with
limited equipment may often utilize the
kitchen oven for the purpose of sterilizing
pots, boxes and small quantities of soil.
An exposure of 30 minutes to a baking
temperature is sufficient to purify most
small articles. It is not necessary to dry
out soil in the oven. A steaming temper¬
ature is sufficient if continued an hour or
more. A small potato can he bedded in
the soil, and when tender the soil is likely
to be well sterilized. We usually take the
precaution to treat thus the pots, boxes
and soil, if they have been used for similar
purposes before, in which we wish to grow
rare plants, seeds or bulbs, and feel well
repaid for the trouble. Of course disease
infection may already be in the plants or
bulbs themselves, or come later in water
or from contact in various ways, but the
chances are much lessened. w. v. f.

One Operation

is all it takes to break, crush and
grind, either fine or coarse, all
grains tor all feed purposes,
when you use the

KELLY

- DUPLEX

Crinding Mills

™ They are the fastest.

* Immmaimmaamm easiest running, strongest
and most durable mills made. New double cutters;
force feed; never choke. Four sizes, any power.

THE 0. S. KELLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEELCO.

BOX 1 7 HAVANA. ILL

RHODES DOUBLE CUT
PRUNING SHEAR.

j Cuts from

j both sides
of limb and
does not

PAT.

bruise the
bark.

RHODES MFG. CO.

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Write for
circular
and prices.

of the BEERY BIT
FOUR O ITS IN ONE

Cure* Kickers, ICunawuyH Fullers,
Slijers, c(e. Send for hit on Ten
I)ar*’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.

A Lady cau hold him. Frof. J.Q. Keery , ITeasant 11111, Ohio.

THOUSANDS HAVE KIDNEY TROUBLE
AND NEVER SUSPECT IT.

Mrs. B. Aust/h.

fa

An interesting letter to our readers
from Mrs. E. Austin of New York City.

Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 9th, 1902.

A little over a year ago I was taken with
severe pains in my kidneys and bladder.
They continued to give me trouble for over
I wo months and f suffered untold misery. I
became weak, emaciated and very much run
down. 1 had great difficulty In retaining my
urine, and was obliged to pass water very
often night and day. After I had used a
sample bottle of Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-lioot,
which you so kindly sent me on my request,
I experienced great relief. I immediately
bought of my druggist two large bottles and
continued taking it regularly. I am pleased
to say that Swamp-Root cured me entirely. I
can now stand on my feet all day without
having any had symptoms whatever. You are
at liberty to use this testimonial letter if you
wish. Gratefully yours,

'tj, (&.

19 Nassau St.

The mild and prompt effect of Dr. Kil¬
mer's Swamp-Root, the great kidney,
liver and bladder remedy, is soon realized.
It stands the highest for its wonderful
cures of the most distressing cases. Re¬
commended and taken by physicians, used
in hospitals and endorsed by people of
prominence everywhere. To prove what
Swamp-Root will do for you a sample
bottle will be sent absolutely free, by mail,
also a book telling all about Swamp-Root
and its wonderful cures. Address Dr.
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., and be
sure to mention reading this generous
offer in New York City Rural New-
Yorker.

If you are already convinced that
Swamp-Root is what you need, you can
purchase the regular fifty-cent and one-
dollar size bottles at the drug stores
everywhere. Don’t make any mistake,
but remember the name, Swamp-Root,.
Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, and the ad¬
dress, Binghamton, N. Y., on every bottle.

/going to bale

HAY OR STRAW?

The Alligator Box Press is guaranteed to halo 22
tons of hay ill 10 hours, or no pay. Hercules,
large bale press, guaranteed capacity 4 tons an
hour. Small bale Perpet ual Presses with capacity
guaranteed greater than any other small press.
Catalog free, In writing namo this paper.

J. A. SPENCER
Dwight, Illinois

Better Fruits— Better Profits

Better peaches, apples, pears and
berries are produced when Potash
js liberally applied to the soil. To
insure a full crop, of choicest quality,
use a fertilizer containing not less
than io per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our practical books of information ;
they art not advertising pamphlets, booming
special fertilizers, but are authoritative
treatises. Sent free for the asking.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau St.,
New York.

MAPLE EVAPORATORS

Most Durable, Most Economical, Cheapest.
Syrup Cans and Sap Pails.

McLANE-SCHANCK HDW. CO., Linesville, Pa.

Also, Mfrs. of the “Sunlight” Acetylene Gas Machine.

stillleadsallothers. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crass Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop¬
per for Crain. Sows20to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
closetotlie ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

Red Chief

Combined Corn

and

Pop-Corn Sheller

(Patented)

Best hand sheller
made. Closed hopper,
can’t pinch fingers,
adjusts for any size
ear.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel, keg or straight edge box. Pop-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extracost. Special farmers* offer and circular free.

BRINLY-HARDY CO., 253 Main Street, Louisville, Ky.

The

Difference

These two
shocks of com
were cut from
plots of the
same size. One
was and the
other was not
fertilzed with

Nitrate of Soda

(The Standard Fertilizer)

I want i,ooo farmers growing corn, in all parts of the United States, to
make this experiment next sea on. I will furnish the necessary Nitrate
of Soda ABSOLUTELY FPEE, if the farmer will pay transportation
charges. The increase in corn and fodder will more than pay the cost.
Farmers who do not make the experiment should send for “ Food for
Plants” and other valuable bulletins full of information from Agricul¬
tural Experiment Station and field trials.

They are FREE to all interested who will send name and address on POST CARD.
WILLIAM S. MYERS, Room 148, 12-16 John Street, NEW YORK.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

7

Hope Farm Notes

On Board Ship. — As I write we are some¬
where off fhe coast of South Carolina, push¬
ing on south as fast as steam can carry ns.
We left New York in a bitter snowstorm and
the snow on the hills looked cold enough
as we went out of the harbor. There is no
land in sight here, but the air is mild and
soft, with no thought of an overcoat neces¬
sary. It is pleasant to consider this steady,
gentle -cruise away from the frost and snow
with the sunshine and balmy air. On the
farm at home I imagine rhilip wading
through the snowdrifts and stamping his feet
to keep them warm while we are headed for
a land where we shall hunt for a cool place !

The first night out was rough. The boat
was not heavily loaded and stood high in the
water. That made her roll and wobble like
a young man who is not very well ballasted
with experience. The result was that mosj^
passengers felt that there was no place like
a berth. I was one of four out of about 50
who got to the breakfast table, and we were
not by any means a happy-looking quartette.
An old sailor advised me to eat a piece of
boiled salt fish and I found it excellent. The
waves finally sobered down and one by one
people crawled out into the sunshine. To-day
all hands are on deck. North of us the waves
are still said to be roaring, but that is noth¬
ing to us sailing into the South with a mere
ripple on the ocean. A great flock of gulls
have been chasing us for miles. They never
seem to grow weary. Now and then the cook
throws some wastes out of his kitchen and
these greedy birds settle on the waves to de¬
vour it and then come sailing after us as
before. As I watch them circle around us I
remember that everywhere on land or sea
Nature provides scavengers to utilize wastes
which man throws away. In the end many
of them run through the streams into the sea
where the fish and birds use them. I am glad
that the soil at Hope Farm is covered with
some living crops, so that as little as possi¬
ble of this waste can get away from us.

While the wind was blowing so hard yes¬
terday they rigged a large three-cornered sail
at the front of the boat. It helped us along
nearly two miles an hour, or saved the steam
required to drive us at that speed. In cold
weather extra steam is needed to keep up
speed and warm the rooms. The boilers must
be large enough not only to provide for warm
weather, but to furnish the reserve which
cold weather demands. It is very much like
feeding a cow. In cold weather we must
allow for the food required to keep up the ani¬
mal heat as well as for that required to make
milk or beef. Much the same is true of a
crop, and I believe it is always safest to feed
more than is needed rather than not enough.

I have with me a dozen or more questions
about Florida which I shall try to have an¬
swered. Many of them are about prices for
eggs and care of hens. People somehow have
an Idea that the lieu business would be very
profitable in the South. 1 rather doubt it. If
it had been so profitable it seems to me the
southern people would have found it out long
ago. I saw many cases of cold storage eggs
coming on the steamer at New York. The
trade in apples for the South is developing
rapidly. They serve apples at every meal on
the steamer — good specimens of Northern Spy
— and I find that orange growers are calling
for apples like the rest of ns. By the time I
get to Uncle Ed's place I expect Charlie will
have the potato land plowed, so that we can
make a» our plans for the crop. I shall give
nothing but an opinion about Florida until
we do something. As for telling people where
to go and what to do — no, thank you. I don't
know myself yet.

Frog Farming. — About 10 times a year 1
have letters like the following:

“I read in the Sun of yesterday that Penn¬
sylvania is breeding pollywogs, which are
given to breeders in Pennsylvania, and that
frog raising is lucrative and easy to manage.

I have some swampy ground, about an acre,
which I think can perhaps be utilized by rais¬
ing frogs." it- J.

Keep two things ever in mind. Don't be¬
lieve all you read in the papers. A good
share of it was no more intended for belief
than fairy tales are. The people who write
it are paid so much an inch or word, and they
can spin a spider's web out of a frog's leg.
Frog farming is an impossibility under ordi¬
nary conditions. The big frogs eat up the lit¬
tle ones, and the more you try to cultivate
them the more you provide a feast for the old
fellows. By protecting the breeding places
with fine wire screens it is possible to raise
some frogs, but unless a man lias money to
throw away he would better class “frog farm¬
ing" with skunks or minks or black cats!
Otherwise he will croak worse than any bull¬
frog that ever lived in a swamp. The I nited
States Fish Commissioner at Washington has
issued an interesting pamphlet on frogs. I
should advise you to read about such "farm¬
ing” as a pastime and let it go at that.

Keeping Sauerkraut. — A southern friend
evidently takes me to be a good authority on
cabbage :

“I have a contract to furnish several hun¬
dred gallons of sauerkraut to a Government
institution. I furnished one lot made with

salt alone. It suited them well, but some of
it soured after they had it awhile. Their
commissary man told me that these large
makers of kraut put something in it to keep
it: from souring. Can you tell me what would
do this?" E.

I tasted sauerkraut just once, and have no
desire to keep any for a second taste. At the
same time I have no doubt that others, to
whom this dish is a great delicacy, have no
use for fishbalis or baked beans. I should
stick to the salt. Borax and salicylic acid
liave been used for preserving, but 1 would not
advise their use. Investigations have snown
beyond all question that while these drugs
will prevent or arrest decay they are injurious
to health. Better let: the sauerkraut go
wrong than to use poisons in keeping it
“sweet.”

Things to Eat. — Here we have a blast
from a Maryland farmer :

“I wish you would stop telling about the
many good things “the Madame" prepares for
the table. All of us farmers are not blessed
with such a bountiful supply as you seem to
have, and to hear or rather read of such
things the way both you and the Madame dish
them up makes us break one of the command¬
ments, and unduly arouses our appetites with¬
out any chance of satisfying them. You are
showing that the good things can better lie
had. on the farm, fresher, sweeter, purer, than
in the cities. You also prove that if farmers
don’t have them to enjoy it is their own
fault. So, after all, I don't know but you've
a perfect right to talk about such farm re¬
sults. and thereby spur others on to renewed
efforts to take proper advantage of the re¬
sources the good old farms afford."

G. o. B.

Any farm in the temperate zone ought to
be well supplied with fruit, eggs, baked beans,
fishbalis, vegetables and an occasional chicken.
There ought to be milk to drink and the real
thing in the cream pitcher. This is about the
whole story at Hope Farm, with some other
kinds of meat. Some farmers are situated so
that they can obtain fresh fish or oysters;
others have game, ham or bacon or fresh beef.
Why should a man break one of the com¬
mandments when he reads about our folks eat¬
ing baked beans and corn bread and baked
apples and cream? Instead of breaking one
he would better mend the commandment
which directs a farmer to provide for his own
family before he takes care of a lot of middle¬
men and handlers. No class of people on
earth can live so well as farmers, if they will
'only utilize the possibilities of orchard, gar¬
den, barn and henhouse. Show me the man
who to-day is living on salt pork and potatoes
and little else. I would like to take him
down into his cellar and show him where
there ought to be apples, six kinds of pre¬
served fruits, turnips, cabbage, onions, celery,
squash, beans and beets. Then I would gently
lead him to the henhouse, where there should
be eggs and a fat old hen or rooster, and to
the barn where good-natured cows should be
making milk and cream ! Would such a man
be a cent poorer if lie bad these things? No,
but his whole family would be $10 apiece bet¬
ter off. h. w. C.

Something New in Building Material

No. 2 Multi¬
ple Conduit.

Cheaper and stronger than
stone, brick or cement.
Will stand greater weight.

For h o u s o or
barn f- unda-
ttons cannot be
excelled. Dry
at ail times.

Warmer in win¬
ter, cooler 1 n
summer.

For fnrm build
lngs from foun¬
dation to roof is
cheapest and
best.

f Sold In Cnr load
lots only.

Samples sent free. Freight prepaid. Write to-day.
H, B. Camp Co., 801 Bessemer Bldg,, Pittsburg, Pa.

F.S.BURCH

EarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.

Best on fhe market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F. S. BURCH & CO., 144 Illinois St. Chicago,

B0WSHER MILLS a’

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 idzes— 2 to 25 hors* power. One etyle for
wiudwheel use. ( Also make Sweep
Grinders— Geared and Plain. I

1*. N. BOWSHER, South Bend, Ind.

ON CONDITION

Free trial given at
your home. If you
don’t grind more
feed and do it eas¬
ier, bet ter and fast¬
er with a

New Holland rum

Mill

than any other, return and wo pay all expense.
We ask you to test on ear and shelled corn, all
grains and mixed feed studs. Three styles, four
sizes, including smal I hand power. Write today
and ask about our labor saving WOOD SAWS in
sizes 1 to 12 h. p. Booklet free.

NEW HOLLAND MCH. CO.,
Box 1 1 5, New Holland, Pa.

ISO'S CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

Have you a friend who has a hard cold?

Then tell him about Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral. Tell him how
it cured your hard cough. Tell him why you always keep it
in the house. Tell him to ask his doctor about it. Doctors
have known the formula for over sixty years. Lowelf, Mast.

II ■ ■ lumber or saw wood, make lath
or shingles or work lumber in any form you
should know all about our improved

AMERICAN MILLS.

All sizes saw mills, planers, edgers, trimmers,
engines, etc. Best and largest line wood work¬
ing machinery in the U. S. Catalogue free.
American Saw Mill Mch'y. Co.,

810 Englnaerlng Bldg., New York City.

Dana’s«":.m,EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

O. II. DANA, 74 Main Pt., West Lebanon, N. II.

ICE CUTTING

must be done quickly and cheaply to be profitable.
Dairymen, hotels, butchers, farmers and others need

"‘-.rT.L.|CE PLOWS.

Strong, keen and fast
cutters. Have Patent
Clearing Tooth.

Made In all sizes,

- - Regular or Adjust-
able Swing Culdo on
fX and 9 Inch* Will more than save their cost on first crop

put up. Wc make lea Tools of every description.
AMES PLOW CO.a 64 Market Stroot, Boston, Mass.

Low
Prices.

Illustrated

Catalogue

FREE.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
pose, from K to 28 horse power.
Also Steam Rotters and Engines, Saw
Mills. Feed Mills, Cfder Presses and
supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. C0„
39 Cortlandt St., New York City,

The WAGON to BUY.

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

Feed Grinder

is the best which money can buy
for any kind of power from 2
to 4 or 5-horse power, because
it grinds rapidly , making splen¬
did feed, table meal or graham
flour, has AMPLE CAPAC¬
ITY for 4 or S-horse power if
properly speeded, and WILL
NOTCHOK-. DOWN THE
LIGHTEST POWER. We make 26 sizes and
styles, all of equal merit but varying capacity, for
all kinds of power and for all kinds of grinding.
Send for free catalogue of Grinders, Cutters,
Huskers, Shellers.Wood Saws, Horse Powers,
Wind Mills, Farm Trucks, Seeders, etc.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, Ill-

The Hero

™oS!ow* AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

our

attached to horizontal spray pump. It enn
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertleal. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. W rite for particulars.

It. II. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

howeve r

srm&

IN THES,

*orlP

Sun MonlTueJj^^

mm

The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 120 Broadway, N. Y., Dept. 125

Please send me information regarding an Endowment Policy for $ .

if Issued at . - . years of age.

Name . *

Address,

Splendid opportunities for men of character to act as representatives
Write to GAGE E. TARBELL 2nd Vice President

8

January 7,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

TUB BUSINESS FARMER'S PAVER.

A National. Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Co LUNG WOOD, Kditor.

Du. Walter Van Fleet,)

Mrs. K. T. Kovle, ^Associates

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal 1’ostal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 marks, or UJ>/j francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any sucli swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and lionest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we lie responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by tbe courts.
Notice of t lie complaint must lie sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what tbe remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
persona! check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

♦

The picture of the one-horse farmer on the first page
will not appeal to the men who do business on a large
scale. Yet there are thousands of one-horse farmers
who work a small piece of land well, make a fair living
and rank as good citizens. They often teach the possi¬
bilities of the soil to better advantage than men who
work 1,000 acres and hire a dozen men. The R. N.-Y.
has hundreds of one-horse farmers on its list — every one
of them a full team.

*

The President has suggested some form of Govern¬
ment supervision of the affairs of the great life insur¬
ance companies. This ought to be carried out. Millions
of women and children have no provision made for
them except what these insurance companies have agreed
to pay on the death of husband or father. If Govern¬
ment supervision is a safeguard for National bank de¬
positors it would be the same for policy holders. Every
great insurance company seems to be connected with a
trust company, and through it to invest its money so
as to secure large earnings. Some of these insurance
companies are supposed to be “mutual” in their opera¬
tions — that is, - policy holders expect to share in the
profits. Few people believe that the policy holders actu¬
ally receive what their money earns. An investment in
the large companies is probably as safe as an investment
can be, yet by means of loans or manipulations of the
stock market the vast sums of money which these com¬
panies control might be used against the interests of the
man who thinks he is secured. We would like to know
more about what is done with our money.

*

Among other reasons for declining to help in the cam¬
paign for better fence wire we have the following from
one of the ablest agricultural editors in the country:

The poor galvanizing is Hie result of Hie incessant demand
of our American people for cheapness in price. Of course
they get cheapness of products.

At least 10 wire manufacturers and fence makers have
advanced the same argument, so that its origin is pretty
well understood. To test the strength of this argument
it is only necessary to try to buy guaranteed wire — offer¬
ing to pay the extra price for it. Just see how much of
such wire you can buy! Several firms are really try¬
ing to make superior wire. They will not guarantee
it to last as the old-fashioned wire did, but it is far
better than the average. There are thousands of- farm¬
ers in the country who stand ready to pay an extra
price for an extra quality of wire, just as soon as the
manufacturers will offer a guarantee. It is a slur
upon the Intelligence of men who distinguish between
poor and good quality in lumber, fertilizers, machinery,
or nursery stock to say that their desire for “cheap¬
ness” is responsible for the present low quality of wire.
But what can these man ask for until the experiment
stations or some other recognized authority tell them
what good wire should be made of? Is not the principle
the same as that employed in testing fertilizers? We
cannot ask a fertilizer dealer to guarantee that a ton
of his fertilizer will produce 500 bushels of potatoes
or three different crops of grass! We ask him to
guarantee a certain mtmber of pounds of nitrogen, phos¬
phoric acid and potash. We are on the wrong track

vhen we ask a wire manufacturer to guarantee wire
I >r 10 years, because he cannot control the conditions
under which the wire is used. We should know what
metal and what “galvanizing" the wire ought to con¬
tain, and then call for a guarantee of that! If the ex¬
periment stations are not to help us in this who or what
is to do so? Some one asks if we are not discouraged
at the lack of support given in this campaign. Bless
your heart, no! We don't know what it is to be dis¬
couraged in a worthy cause. If the other papers are
lukewarm their readers are red hot, as we know by cor¬
respondence. As for The R. N.-Y. readers— they are
going to wip the fight for better wire. Keep at it !

*

The trouble about farm labor begins earlier than
usual this year. Already there are calls for foreign
help. Farmers seem to think that a fair proportion of
the immigrants who come to New York desire to find
homes in the country, and will do farm labor at a fair
price. The fact is that comparatively few of these
foreigners care to go singly to work on farms. Many
of them have friends in this country, and wish to locate
near them. Many more never leave the large cities.
They cannot speak English, and fear to go among
strangers alone. In the city they are among their
own countrymen, hear their own language, and live
much as they did in the old country. If we will think
tor a moment we can see how hard it is to get such
people to break away from their friends and leave the
city. The Italians usually go in squads, and where a
farmer has work for several of them they give fair satis¬
faction — especially those from the north of Italy. The
best farm hands we have found are Scandinavian, but
they are hard to find. If the farmers of a neighborhood
could club together and send one of their number here
to pick out a dozen or more men they might obtain fair
helpers. This plan was tried by some parties last year
with fair results. There is not much use sending here
for a single hand that is expected to prove satisfactory.

*

Mr. Mead gives another side of the abandoned farm
question on page 3. He does not think the New Eng¬
land hill farms are worth bothering with, because their
prosperity belonged to an age which has now passed on
forever. He would let them go back to forest, and con¬
fine New England farming to the valley lands, or near
the towns. There is much truth in what Mr. Mead
says, though we know a number of farmers who have
taken these hill farms and who will not agree with him
The little factories that were once found at the hill
water powers did not leave the hills for the same rea¬
son that farmers did. It is not possible to concentrate
farming as it is to crowd manufacturing into towns
like Lowell, Brockton or Springfield. As a boy the writer
pegged shoes in one of the thousands of little shoe
shops that were scattered over Massachusetts farms.
These shops have now been turned into henhouses or
abandoned, and Brockton alone produces 50 times as
many shoes as they all turned out. This has been a
good thing for the shoe business, but there was no
way in which the product of the farms could be con¬
centrated in like manner. We still believe that if the
older generation of farmers had invested more of their
savings in their farms, as Mr. Mead himself has done,
thousands of the hill farms would now be prosperous.
When Mr. Mead talks about carrying children away
from the rural districts to be' educated in towns he
hits one of the sorest spots in society. With one set
of men advocating the teaching of agriculture in rural
schools, and another trying to haul all children in “kid
wagons” away to town, there will be a strange kind
of yeast in the “rising generation.”

*

In a recent conversation with a railroad man the fol¬
lowing statement was made : “You cannot name a
single ‘right’ which the farmers of this country are
denied. They have more than belongs to them now.
They have received more direct benefit from legislation
already than any other class of citizens.” When asked
what this great direct benefit is our friend could only
mention the agricultural colleges and experiment sta¬
tions. When asked to compare this with the tariff,
land grants and other special privileges to manufactur¬
ers and railroads, he had no argument. The fact is that
agriculture covers the largest business in the country.
There are more people engaged in it than in any other
two industries, yet farmers have demanded less legis¬
lation that may fairly be called selfish than any other
class of citizens. Whatever benefits farmers must of
necessity benefit others. It will either make food and
fiber cheaper or more easily obtained, or put more money
into circulation by giving the farmer more to spend.
As for “rights,” we will mention first the right to have
something to say about handling and transporting the
crop. At the present time the business of buying and
manufacturing food — such as grain, meat, etc. — is large¬
ly monopolized. So is the transportation of this food
either crude or manufactured. A grain farmer in Mis¬
souri, a stock farmer in Illinois, a corn farmer in Iowa,
or, to a less extent, an apple farmer in western New

^ ork, or an orange grower in the South, will find th!
out if he attempts to ship and sell independently. Prices
are not regulated entirely by supply and demand, but
very largely by the desires of the various monopolies
which control the market. A small farmer who under¬
takes to ship produce to a distance market finds prices
made to order — not on the basis of what the consumer
has to pay but what the monopoly sees fit to offer.
Some years ago some farmers in Connecticut wanted
to buy several carloads of corn direct from western
farmers. We found a place in a Western State where
farmers had the corn and were willing to sell it direct
at a price which would mean several cents more
per bushel to them, and several cents less to the
farmers m Connecticut. Yet the sale was not made, be¬
cause the western farmers knew that unless the corn
went through the local elevator and paid charges and
tariffs to various commission men there would be so
many delays tl*t the corn could not be delivered accord¬
ing to contract. Trace up any case of this sort, or
go down to the bottom of any monopoly, and you will
find it based on unjust railroad rates or a system of
“rebates” which favors the larger shippers. In this way
farmers are denied the right of fair transportation for
their produce. The railroads are really public rather
than private institutions. They have been given special
privileges, such as right of way, exemption from heavy
taxation and even large tracts of public land. These
gifts from the people make them public servants, and
give the Government the right to demand fair treat¬
ment for the public. The most important measure now
before Congress is the bill giving increased power to
the Interstate Railroad Commission. If it could be
passed the first step would be taken toward break¬
ing up food monopolies. Every farmer and every con¬
sumer should Support it.

*

I he southern people should be foremost in demanding
a parcels post. They are largely at the mercy of
the express companies in shipping small packages, and
the rates arc beyond reason. We recently sent a pack¬
age weighing 28 pounds to Florida, and were obliged
to pay $2.05 expressage. The southern people are far¬
thest removed from manufacturers or dealers in goods
that could be sent by mail, and with a parcels post
with fair rates of postage they would use twice the
mailable merchandise which they now obtain by express.
No one can give a good reason why the southern people
should help keep up the monopoly at present enjoyed
by the express companies. The express agents are, as
a rule, poorly paid, and but little of the money the people
pay remains in their own section. It may be said that
a parcels postage law would be revolutionary, since it
is admitted that it would injure the business of the ex¬
press companies. The answer to this is that the methods
of these companies have been revolutionary. Their rates
are extortionate. They take advantage of a monopoly
to compel the public to pay more than it should. They
have crowded out weaker companies as the other great
corporations have done, and thus destroyed competition.
In such a state of affairs we hold that it is the privilege
and duty of a government like ours to protect the
people from extortion. While the southern people are
just now in greatest need of a parcels post, all Ameri¬
cans, and ecpecially country dwellers, would be helped
by it. Keep at it till we make Congress see the point!

BREVITIES.

“As a man tliinketh so is he” — that applies with special
force to the deaf man.

There is nitrogen In snow, but some of us would like
to receive it as a gift in some other form !

Read t lie fumigation notes on page 3. They represent
applied science from the bread-and-butter point of view.

That question about feeding grain to dry cows in Winter
(first page) is one that gets down close to first principles.

Manufacturers of wooden vehicles are alarmed over the
scarcity of hickory. They say the tree is now attacked by
borers, which threaten total destruction.

Mr. White says: “Company always cuts down our egg
record by going out to look at the hens." Biddy is not
the only worker who is upset by excess of social dis¬
tractions.

Farmers’ Bulletin No. 208, issued by the U. R. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture. “Varieties of Fruits Recommended for
Planting," will lie found very useful to anyone who desires
fruit for home or market.

The Department of Agriculture found by tests that no
corn planter will drop evenly unless the grains are graded
to size. This lias led to the invention of corn graders.
When they are used the planters do accurate work.

It is not generally known that 50 years ago the War
Department imported a number of camels and started a
camel breeding farm in Texas. The camels did well and
were useful, but "they frightened horses,” and the railroads
through the deserts put them out of business.

In view of the discussion over the value of Calloway
hides for tanning purposes we may repeat a verse printed
15 years ago :

“Young man, your kind attention — I'd suggest, if not too
bold.

You raise the Galloway for its hide.

It will serve as a prevention from the Winter’s bitter
cold.

When you take your gai-away for a ride !"

1905.

9

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. Tin* public schools of Wiltnerdlng and
Wilkinslnirg, near Pit Isbnrg, Pa., were dismissed December 21
on account of lack of water. The production of the coke
region is demoralized. The output of the ovens has been
reduced one-third, and the loss is estimated at $1,000,000 a
month. The Westmoreland Water Company, which sup¬
plies Greenshurg, Jeanette, l'enn, Manor and Irwin, an¬
nounced there was barely enough water to last through the
week, and that it would be necessary to shut off the water
to keep enough for tire lighting purposes. The water in
the rivers is low and filled with sulphuric acid, causing
much damage to the machinery in t lie mills and the boilers
of locomotives. The Pittsburg Coal Company has sent word
to the officials of the miners' organization that all the
miners who have families to provide for, would he. if
possible, employed in mines operating part time in prefer¬
ence to single men. . . . Seven miners were smothered

in a tire-clay mine at Bolivar, Pa., December 22, as a
result of a fire in a building at the head of the main
shaft. . . . Dr. Leroy S. Chadwick and his wife, Cassie

L. Chadwick, were jointly indicted by the Cuyahoga County,
Ohio, Grand Jury, December 22. on the charge of having
forged and uttered the $5,000,000 note signed Andrew Carne¬
gie. This is ttie third time that Mrs. Chadwick lias been in¬
dicted by the County Grand Jury, hut it is the first instance
of tier husband's name appearing in legal proceedings in the
case. The indictments already returned against Mrs. Chad¬
wick are similar to the one voted December 22, except
that they cover notes of $250,000 and $500,000 signed An¬
drew Carnegie. . . . The Peru Steel Casting Company,

Peru, Ind., sustained a loss of $200,000 December 20 in the
destruction by fire of its immense plant, on a 25 acre tract,
a mile west of the city limits. The plant was rated as
the biggest and best equipped casting mill in Indiana, and
comprised five large buildings, one 000 feet long and 80
feet wide, and nine small structures. Only four little
buildings and the walls of the large structure are left stand¬
ing. . . . Fire which started in the Pelletier depart¬

ment store, Sioux City, Iowa. December 22. spread to ad¬
joining buildings and caused a loss of $1,000,000: one
fireman was killed. . . One hundred men were in¬

jured, three of them hurt mortally and 12 injured badly
by an explosion of dynamite in the -new section of the
Chicago Drainage Canal near Lockport, Ill., December 20.
Two large charges of dynamite that had failed to explode
when a general blast was set off exploded almost directly
under a huge steam shovel, wrecking it and burying scores
of workmen in the debris. . . . The Christmas accident

and homicide record for Louisiana and Mississippi is 10
killed In New Orleans, five fatal accidents from fireworks
and four murders or homicides in Louisiana, and six mur¬
ders or homicides in Mississippi, four of the victims being
negroes. J. IV. Griffin was killed by an electric

current at Lima, Ohio. December 27, in his bathtub while
preparing to take a bath. lie received a heavy voltage,
the contact being made by an iron register and an electric
light chandelier. 1 1 is fingers were burned through the skin
and part of the light fixture was broken as he fell.

ADMINISTRATION. — Representative Henry, of Connec¬
ticut, introduced a bill December 21 “to secure the full use
of the Fnited States rural mail equipment and to place the
rural service on a paying basis.’’ The bill provides “that
within the limits of the respective rural routes served by
post wagons parcels of mail matter shall he collected and
delivered house to house, by the carriers, in weight up to
200 pounds, and in dimensions up to a barrel— no parcel,
however, to be more than six feet in length.” The bill
specifies that the rates on parcels shall be one cent for
eight ounces or less, two cents for a pound, five cents
for from one to eleven pounds, 10 cents for half a bushel.
15 cents for a bushel, 20 cents for a half barrel and 25
cents for a barrel.

Pill LLIPINES. — The Pulajanes have ambushed and
killed at Dolores, in the Island of Samar, a lieutenant and
,'!7 enlisted men of the Thirty-eighth Company of Native
Scouts. 2,000 Pulajanes, it is reported, threaten the town
of Dolores, and the situation is said to be critical. Lieut.
Abbott, in command of the scouts, has requested that aid
be sent to him.

FARM AND GARDEN. — Prof. J. L. Budd, for 22 years
hi the head of the horticultural department of the Iowa
State Agricultural College, and one of the most widely
known pomologisls in the world, died at San Antonio, Tex.,
December 22. lie visited Russia in 1887 for the United
States Government, and spent two years in studying the
fruit trees of Siberia. He introduced many new varieties
of fruit trees into the United States.

The National Good Roads Association has concluded ar¬
rangements with leading railway companies for operating
good roads special trains in 1905. The chief object is to
arouse favorable sentiment, organize local associations, and
to visit the 80 State and Territorial assemblies to meet in
1905. The first train will be equipped and leave St. Louis
over the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway system on its
educational campaign on Monday, January 9. It will then
he operated over other railroads. In conjunction with this
train the National Good Roads Convention has been called
to meet at Jacksonville, Fla., on January 20 and 21. The
special purpose of calling the convention to Jacksonville
so early in the year is to outline and recommend good
roads legislation. Governors of all States will be requested

to issue a proclamation and appoint from 10 to 50 delegates.
Commercial organizations, mayors of cities and county or
fiscal courts will name three delegates.

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS.— The State Civil
Service Commission announces general examinations to he
held January 21, 1905, including the following positions:
Bank examiner: law examiner (hoard of statutory consoli¬
dation): physicians; military instructor; physical instruc¬
tor; trained nurses and women officers in State hospitals
and institutions; chief engineer, Erie County service; jail-
keeper and prison guard ; New York County service ; pupil
nurse, Erie County Hospital ; health officer, village of Rye,
Westchester County, and janitor, Oneonta Normal School.
Applications for these examinations must he made on or
before January 16. Full particulars of the examination
and blank applications may he obtained by addressing
Charles S. Fowler, chief examiner of the Commission, at
Albany, N. Y. _

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE GRANGE.

The thirty-second session of the Pennsylvania State
Grange was held at Erie, December 13 to 16, and was at¬
tended by about 3,000 delegates and members of the the
Order. The first day was taken up in the appointment of
committees and reports of officers. In the evening a public
reception was held ; addresses of welcome were delivered by
Geo. W. Brown, president of the Chamber of Commerce,
and Mayor William Hardwick. Worthy Master W. F. Ilill
made a brief address, thanking the mayor and others for
their cordial welcome. The forenoon of the second day
was taken up with reports of officers and routine work ; in
the afternoon the first and second degrees were exemplified
by the Keiser Hill team. In the evening the sixth degree
was conferred on a class of 210 by officers of the State
Grange, who also gave the fifth degree, followed by third
and fourth degrees by Keiser Hill team. The third day
the reports of the secretary and treasurer were read, which
showed the Pennsylvania State Grange in a flourishing
condition, with a net balance over expenditures for the
past year of $1,551.36, and a net increase in membership
of over 5,000. In the afternoon and evening the election
of officers took place. The following officers were elected :
Master. W. F. Hill, Mont Alto; overseer, A. C. Barrett,
New Milford; lecturer, A. M. Cornell. Altus ; steward, Theo¬
dore Kline, Ariel ; treasurer, S. E. Niven, I.andenburg ; sec¬
retary, .T. T. Ailman, Thompsontown : gate-keeper, Wallace
Chase, Fall Brook; Ceres, Mrs. Velma West, Corry ; Po¬
mona, Mrs. Mary Fisher, Elkview ; Flora. Mrs. .T. S.
Dale, State College ; assistant steward. II. II. Pratt,
Chester Co. ; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Francis B.
Artters, Millvillage ; finance committee. V. D. McWilliams,
Port Royal ; executive committee, C. II. Dildine, Rohrsburg.
The fourth day was devoted to reports of committe is, act¬
ing on resolutions, and installation of officers. Many good
resolutions were presented and acted upon ; much good work
has been accomplished the past year and work mapped out
for 1905. g. H. c.

Lackawanna Co., Pa. _

NEW YORK STATE BREEDERS MEET.

The State Breeders’ Association and the allied societies
held their annual meeting at Rochester December 20-21.
About 75 prominent breeders were present from all parts
of the State, and more than the usual interest was shown.
The programme committee is to be congratulated upon a
programme not crowded. Time was given for discussion so
frequently left, out at these meetings.

Prof. Plumb gave an address upon sheep as a farm crop.
Statistics were presented showing a constant decrease in the
number of sheep and wool crop per inhabitant since I860,
Argentina being now the only country that has an in¬
creased sheep population. European countries are slowly
reducing the number of sheep. Australia has nearly ceased
exporting mutton. With the cheap lands of New York and
the East no live stock offers greater chance for profit and
soil improvement, not to keep large numbers, but a few
choice sheep of the mutton breeds, to destroy weeds and
make high class mutton. A weak link in the chain of fancy
mutton making in this country is a lack of roots, cabbage,
rutabagas or mangels.

Prof. Hunt spoke of bis experience with feeding roots in
the place of grains. The results were that more solid
matter could be grown in mangels than any cereals, and
also they could with profit be fed instead of concentrates
up to 7)4 pounds dry matter daily. It is generally under¬
stood that roots, from their bulkiness, can only displace
coarse feeds, hay and silage. Prof. Hunt felt confident that
where labor was at hand farmers could economically raise
mangels for all kinds of livestock.

A proposition to hold a Winter fat stock show In connec¬
tion with the annual meeting was pretty thoroughly dis¬
cussed. There seemed to be a strong sentiment in ' favor
of beef making in New York. Not the ordinary riffraff,
but the finest blood that can be found, and these thoughts
were expressed by dairymen as well as meat producers. I
think, however, that the men who earnestly participated
in the debate were making milk by proxy and upon ex¬
pensive farms, feeds and surroundings.

The success of the Guelph Winter Fair and also of the
International were cited as proof of what could be done.
Our comparatively cheap lands were held up as an induce¬
ment to beef making. It was agreed that the State College,
when the new buildings were completed, would be the proper

place to make the effort, and the invitation was extended
by Prof. Hunt to meet at Ithaca for this initial movement,
should it be deemed advisable by the committee having the
matter in charge.

The following officers were chosen : President State Breed¬
ers, Hon. II. M. Olin, Perry; secretary, Prof. Thomas 11.
Hunt, Ithaca; president State Sheep Breeders, F. I). Ward,
Batavia : president State Guernsey Association, Clayton
Taylor, Lawton Station; president Shropshire Sheep Asso¬
ciation, Dr. C. D. Sinead, Logan; president Western New
York Cattle Club, J. F. White, Mt. Morris. h. is. c.

RATES ON PRODUCE SHIPMENT.

Charges in Delaware.

I ship
75, anti

produce (o
New York, :

Philadelphia,
200 miles .

100 miles, Wilmington,

Rate to

Wilmington

Philadelphia

New York per 100 lbs.

Potatoes

.23

.23

45 cents.

Peaches

.45

.45

.66 “

Apples

.25

.25

.25 “

Pears

.25

.25

.45 “

Eggs

.30

.30

.50 “

A barrel of potatoes is rated at 100 pounds and cost me
45 cents freight to New York. A barrel of apples, the
same. Barrel of pears 66 cents. A basket of peaches cost
to New York freight about 20 cents a crate, 33 pounds,
and I can go to Norfolk, Va., about 200 or more miles
farther south, and get a barrel of potatoes or any other
vegetables delivered in Now York for 23 or 25 cents per
barrel. Why is this? Why does the short haul cost more
than the long by the same railroad, P. R. R? And if a
package is lost you must pay the freight on the lost as well
as those delivered. You put in a bill to the railroad com¬
pany for lost package, and you are out a postage stamp,
for you never hear from it again. We are not treated
fairly on freight rates, for I am sure it costs no more to
haul 100 pounds from Delaware then it does from Virginia.

Redden, Del. c. e. c.

Local Rates in Montana

Only shipments made by me are hay and apples. Average
distance apples shipped 160 miles; Victor to Butte or
Helena, rate on carlot, 24,000 pounds, 500 boxes, 25 cents
per 100, 12)4 cents per box; local, or less than earlots
same places, 50 cents per 100, 25 cents per box. Straw¬
berries, 25 cents per crate, always shipped by express.
Plums and prunes, 25 cents per crate or box, about 20 or
25 pounds; local, earlots with apples, about six cents,
mostly local shipments. Weight of a box of standard ap¬
ples, 45 to 50 pounds, crabs 60 pounds.

Victor, Mont. e. e. ii.

Rates from Florida.

Prices of bean and potato crates are nine cents bush 1
crates; egg plant, 12 cents half barrel; pineapple and to¬
mato crates are 15 cents, or a trifle less in carload lots.
Picking and packing (wrapping) tomatoes are five cents per
crate. All rail expresses from Miami to different points
are as follows :

Tomatoes and Eggplants.

Peppers.

Beans.

New Y'ork . . .

$1.12

$ .97

Philadelphia

. 1.20

1.08

.90

Baltimore . . . .

. 1.10

.99

.82

Washington, I).

C.

. 1.06

.88

.88

St. Louis .

1.05

.88

Cincinnati ...

. 1.06

.84

.78

Chicago .

. 1.40

1.12

1 .05

Kansas City..

. 1.40

1 .05

1.05

Boston .

1.32

1.12

By express

to

Jacksonville, (hen

Clyde Line :

Tomatoes, eggplants and potatoes to New York are 55
cents; Philadelphia, 58 cents; Boston, 63 cents; Atlantic
Coast Dispatch to New York, 78 cents; Philadelphia, 76
cents; Washington, 75 cents; Baltimore, 75 cents. Solid
earlots by refrigerator cars are shipped here after March
1. sometimes earlier, and rates are per crate; Buffalo,
57)4 cents; Pittsburg, 56% cents; Omaha, 59)4; Minne¬
apolis, 63; Louisville, Ky., 50: Cincinnati, ().. 50; Cleve¬
land, 58; Columbus, 56)4 ; Chicago, 58)4; Indianapolis,
56)4; Detroit, 58%; St. Louis, 54; Kansas City, 58)4;
Denver, 83)4. I estimate three-quarters of tomatoes and
all potatoes go by freight. We have two large dredges
working day and night and when harbor is complete will
have through steamship lines to all Atlantic coast cities
in near future.

Miami, Fla. _ w. w.

Products, Trices and Trade. — The total exports of the
United States for 11 mouths ending November 30 amounted
to $1,305,738,374, about $4,000,000 less than for the same
time last year. . . . Importations of liquid eggs into

this country are now forbidden, borax having been found
in them. . . . The grain crops of Germany for the past

year were about 25,000,000 tons. Nearly one-half was rye,
and oats, wheat and barley came next in order. Over 36,-
000,000 tons of potatoes were grown. . . . Maryland

canned tomato market is dull, with no present prospects of
improved prices. . . . The drought in Pennsylvania and

west of the Alleghanies continues very severe.

Ocean freights on grain are 50 per cent above rates for
the last three years. . . . The amount of wheat in far¬

mers’ hands and local elevators in the Northwest is esti¬
mated to be 45,000,000 bushels.

When a BOY

needs Money

Six thousand boys have quit wishing
for spending money, and are earning
all they need, by selling

THE SJ1TUJRDHY
EVENING POST

Friday afternoons and Saturdays. Some make as
much as $15 a week. We will send you free a hand¬
some booklet that tells how they do it, together with
a complete equipment to start doing business at once.

This includes ten copies of The Post free. After you
have sold these for 5c each you will have money to
buy future supplies at wholesale prices. Besides
the profit on each copy we give sweaters, footballs,
watches, etc., when a certain number of copies
have been sold. In addition

$250 in Extra Cash Prizes

each month to boys who do good work.

When you think how hard it is to earn a few cents
doing odd jobs, and how easy it is to make
money selling The Post, you should lose
no time starting in.

THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
890 Arch St., Philadelphia

\*>

1

Planet Jr. Garden Tools

yi

possible to double the size ot' your garden, yet lessm your work, 'they pay for them¬
selves in a season. Every planter ought to have our 1905 Planet Jr. catalog, the best
guidebook of garden tools ever published. Write to-day for a free copy. It is
beautifully illustrated- describes the entire Planet Jr. line, including plain and
combined seeders, wheel hoes, hand and walking cultivators, harrows,
one and two-horse riding cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc. The

Planet Jr. No. 4 Combined Drill

is unlimited in its usefulness. It is a drill, a seeder, a marker, a hoe,
a cultivator, a plow. Change from one to the other in a moment.
Its seeding device is simplicity itself and is thoroughly dependable —
plants in continuous rows or in hills 4, 6, 8, 12 or •_’( inches apart . No. 4 opens the furrow,
drops the seed, covers different depths, rolls down, ull as fast as the operator can walk.
Simple, strong, durable— light enough for a boy.

No. 12 Double Wheel Hoe

is a wonder in hoeing, cultivating, plowing. Throws earth to or
from plants: works between or astride rows; kills weeds, makes
furrows, ridges, etc. Adjustable wheels. Various attachments
changed instantly. For durability, lightness, easy rumiiug aud all-
around line, fast work it can’t be beaten.

lie sure to get the eutulog. A postal will bring It.

S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1107 V Philadelphia, Pa.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively Intended for pumping water May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Bend stamp for •• C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 693 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Tenleute-Uey 71.Havaua.CuLa.

10

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January ?,

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

THE CALENDAR.

A little bit of sunshine,

A little bit of snow,

A little heap of Autumn leaves
Where roses used to grow ;

A little bit of darkness,

And a little bit of day,

A smile and then a sigh

For little pleasures passed away.

A little bit of folly

And a little bit of sense,

A little bit of saving

And a little wild expense; 4c
A little bit of sorrow*

And a little bit of cheer,

A little bit of waiting

And we've rounded out the year.

^ — Washington Star.^ t

An excellent cleansing fluid, equal to
many proprietary preparations, is made by
combining equal parts of alcohol and ether,
and then adding one-fourth as much
gasoline as either. A garment cleansed
with this should be well brushed and
shaken, then sponged all over with the
cleansing fluid, and hung out in the open
air to dry. Never use this or any other
cleansing fluid by artificial light, or near a
fire.

*

A good cook says she always puts bak¬
ing powder in the last cup of flour put
in a cake. She finds that when the
powder is put in the whole quantity of
flour she expects to use, it may happen,
owing to some slight variation in in¬
gredients, that all the flour does not go
in, and thus the quantity of baking powder
called for is not used. This may account
sometimes for the “falling’ of cake when
there seems no apparent reason for it.

*

When making bread, one may use a
quart of the sponge for old-fashioned
Dutch cake, buns or rusks. Add to it
one large cupful of sugar, three-fourths
cupful of lukewarm water, butter the
size of an egg melted in the water and
two eggs. Mix witli enough flour to make
a nice soft dough. Let it rise until light
(three to four hours), then put it into
well-greased pie plates ; let it rise again,
bake 30 minutes in a moderate oven. When
done moisten the top with sugar water,
then sprinkle with granulated sugar and
cinnamon, and put back in the oven
for a few* minutes to form frosting. The
same foundation may be used for currant
or cinnamon buns.

*

If we may judge by some of the new
models shown, we are to see a return to
bodices fitted with old-fashioned darts.
The lines of the waist are fitted, the bust
raised, and the shoulders made wide and
high. This will mean a return to the
most pernicious forms of tight lacing on
the part of women who put fashion be-

made of bright silks, plain or figured in
pointed handkerchief shape, caught at the
top and fringed at the bottom with
beads; $1.15 to $12, according to
size. It is possible to make very
pretty shades at home, it one possesses
nimble fingers. Pleated China silk, bor¬
dered with a bead fringe, makes a hand¬
some shade without much trouble., The
silk is pleated on to the wire frame, fin¬
ished at the top with quilling or ruche, and
at the bottom with bead fringe. For
a lamp of the customary center-table
size V/2 yard of silk at 50 cents a yard
will be ample, with one yard of fringe at
98 cents. The fringe may be purchased

in a variety of colors.

*

When we were reading the many es¬
says describing one day’s work on the
I farm, we were all impressed by the ex¬
cellence and variety of the food referred
to. A reader whose experience of farm
life was gained in New Hampshire does
not consider the meals described charac¬
teristic of farm housekeeping, but rather
of special occasions only. We have eaten
.such good and varied food in farm homes
when no special effort was made to pre¬
pare for guests that we think our corre¬
spondents simply gave their everyday bill
of fare. Most of the writers, in the
cases referred to, described a day in
Summer or Autumn, when an extensive
range of fruits and vegetables increases
the variety of food. We should like to
hear, however, what variety the Winter
table offers. What do you eat in January?
A simple description of the day’s food
in midwinter, with recipes for little-known
or unusual dishes, written briefly, would
be interesting to many. We should like
to hear from our friends on this subject.
We would prefer descriptions of such
meals as are served in the regular rou¬
tine, not exceptional or extra food.

*

Many a woman has doubtless won¬
dered, as she looked at the soft plumes
in her hat, whether the ostrich had not
suffered in parting from these decorations.
The Transvaal Agricultural Journal
touches upon this point as follows:

The word plucking is apt to convey to
those who have no knowledge of ostrich farm¬
ing an erroneous Impression ; it would lead
one to imagine that the feathers are pulled
and dragged away, perhaps in a bleeding
state, from the unfortunate ostrich, and so
causing him great pain. This would be cruel,
lint, in reality, the clipping of an ostrich's
f earners causes him just, about as much pain
as shearing does to a sheep. The feathers
usually are clipped at six months’ growth
(that is, from the date of drawing the quills).
At this stage the feather is well grown out,
and is just in the pink^ of its bloom and
beauty, rich and full of lustre. To draw the
feathers at this stage would mean great pain,
besides, ruining the sockets in which the
feathers grow. For this reason, therefore.

the feathers are clipped to catch them in full
bloom, and the quills or stalks of the feathers
are left in the wing. After two or three
months the quill end of the feather which
was left in becomes perfectly ripe and dried
out to the very tip, and at this stage the quill
is drawn. It now comes away very easily, and*
if anything, is a relief to the bird, making
room for the young feather, which is already
preparing to come out. Any man wanting to
make money too quickly, and therefore draw¬
ing the quills before the time that they are
ready, and consequently damaging the socket
from which the feather grows, would simply
be “killing the goose that lays the golden
egg.” _

A Waste of Energy.

There are many people who have a
feeling that they must not favor them¬
selves, but must make everything as diffi¬
cult and uncomfortable as possible. One
form that this Spartan spirit takes is a
rooted objection to carrying anything
warm with them to bed in Winter. There
is a tradition that it is silly, and so they
ge into an icy bed and shiver for an hour,
perhaps, before they get warm enough to
sleep. Now, is this sensible? I am not
thinking of those who have warm rooms to
sleep in, nor of the warm-blooded peo¬
ple who do not feel the cold at all, and
go to sleep at once, but of the thin, cold¬
blooded people who have no strength or
vitality to waste. Heat is energy. Think,
then, how silly it is for one who has
many useful channels for his or her en¬
ergy, to waste it in warming up a cold
bed, especially when it can be done a
great deal better in some other way. There
is not only the waste of energy, but there
is a nervous strain, and also loss of sleep,
for sleep will not come when one is
cold. How much better to put a hot jug
or soapstone in the bed an hour before
bedtime, moving it to a new place once
or twice if possible. Then when one gets
into bed it is warm, and one drops off
to sleep at once, with a feeling of per¬
fect comfort, and begins to recover im¬
mediately from the physical weariness of
the day, instead of unnecessarily adding
to it.

As for the best method of warming a
bed, we have found soapstone foot-warm¬
ers most satisfactory, though a gallon jug
of hot water is very good, as, being stood
up in the middle of the bed it warms a
good large space. The soapstone should
be stood up on end for the same reason.
We are living in modern times, and many
of the methods of our forefathers have
been found to be wasteful. When they
have been proven so, let us not cling to
them just because there was a time once
when conditions made them necessary.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

For the Tired Mind. — Knitting is a
good remedy for mental worry. “Go home
and do fancy knitting for half an hour
every day,” is the advice of a celebrated
nerve specialist. When feeling tired or
overdone a little knitting soothes the
nerves, and even if the pattern be intricate
it will help to divert the thoughts.

ISAD0RE.

fore comfort. We are also told that the
graceful full skirt is approaching the end
of its reign, and that panelled skirts with
short panier overskirts are promised for
Spring. We may be able to survive pa-
niers, but what shall we do if they are
followed by the “pull-back” polonaise of
the early eighties? Du Maurier once pic¬
tured a group of fashionable ladies of
that period reclining gracefully against
easels, because their costumes would not
permit them sufficient freedom to sit
down, and that mode would certainly pre¬
sent difficulties to the modern woman of
active life. Still, paniers preceded pull¬
backs aforetime, and history may again
reneat itself.

*

Very beautiful are the lamp and candle
shades made of beads, or trimmed with
bead fringe. Candle shades made solidly
of beads woven in Autumn leaf patterns
and colors, with a deep fringe in solid
color, cost $4 to $10 each. Fringed domes
of sharply-cut jewel beads in solid colors
or patterns, cost $2.75 to $3.50. “Hand-

ROYAL*

The absolutely pure baking powder.

ROYAL— the most celebrated of all
the baking powders in the world — cele¬
brated for its great leavening strength and
‘ purity. It makes your cakes, biscuit, bread,
etc., healthful, it assures you against alum
and all forms of adulteration that go with
the cheap brands.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO..'NEW-YORK.

kerchief” shades are a new idea ; they are

Y ou pay five
times too much
for lamp-chim¬
neys.

Buy good ones.

Macbeth.

If you use a wrong chimney, you lose a
good deal of both light and comfort, and
waste a dollar or two a year a lamp on
chimneys.

Do you want the Index ? Write me.

Macbeth. Pittsburgh.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Kverblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FKKE.
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N.J.

Ask
your
dealer
for it.

roiiNh.

Not llttrn

I.AMONT, COItt

Trad©-M*rk.

Is Guaranteed to go twice as far
as paste or liquid polishes. X-lIny is the
OR 1C INAL Powdered Stove
It (rives a quick, brilliant lustre and Roes
Off. S ample sent if you address Dept. P
itl.188 & CO., Ayts., 78 Hud. on 8t.. New York.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse
hide, Calf skin, Dog
skin, or any other kind
of hide or skin, and let
us tan it with the hair
on, soft, light, odorless
and moth-proof, for robe,
rug, coat or gloves.

But first get our Catalogue,
giving prices, and our shipping
tags and instructions, so as to
avoid mistakes. We also buy
raw furs and ginseng.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

OOKKEEPING, STENOGRAPH^
Penmanship, Telegraphy and Type¬
writing taught by mail at Kastman,
Positions for all graduates of complete
commercial course. Outfit for home study
fa. Catalogue free. Address C. C. Gaines,

Box 637, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., or 119 West 125th St., New York, N.X

Bi

!

Y

■ I

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE.
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Free.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS’ LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

WHEN YOU DRIVE

Do your hands get cold ?
Let us keep them warm. A
pairof our elegant RUSSIAN
IS tt A R F U R DRIVING
GLOVES will do it. Fire¬
proof. ironclad palm, soft and
pliable. Hand lined with first
quality wool fleece, and cull
with best corcuri.y. Wibwear
for years. For warmth,
wear and durability
this GLOVE has no
equal. Also made in
mittens'& one-flngertd.
Send us the wholesale
price, 8*2, and we will
send you a pair post¬
paid. If you are not
pleased, return them,
and we will refund the
money and postage.

RUSSIAN FUR CO.

Gloversville, N. Y.

l$o$.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

IE

Just for a Change.

The sharp, tingling days of Winter stir
our blood and whet the family appetites.
After a man has been doing Winter
chores, a good hot boiled dinner tastes
good, and hot desserts are also in order.

The house mother gets a little weary of
the same old round, and if she is like me

4879 Evening Coat, 34 to 42 bust.

tries a few experiments now and then.
Some time when you are going to serve
Indian pudding make it this way :

One pint of skim-mi\k scalded. While
hot stir in smoothly two cupfuls of In¬
dian meal, add a little salt, a teaspoonful
of cinnamon and half a cupful of mo¬
lasses, also the same of sugar. Stir well.
Now add a quart of cold skim-milk, and
mix lightly as possible. Bake slowly for
two hours. Your finished product will
be fragrant, rich, golden, trembling in
its sweet jellied whey. Now add the last
touch. When you serve it, put a heaping
spoonful of nice apple sauce flavored with
nutmeg over the top, and if you like
another spoonful of whipped cream over
that. I’m sure it won’t go begging. Al¬
ways use skim-milk.

If you like onions, try this. Get a
pound of juicy steak or beef. It need
not be tender. In fact, some of the best
and most nutritious beef is nearly always
tough. Stew gently in water to cover,
after searing quickly in a very hot spider
or kettle of iron. When nearly done cut
fine two mediumm onions and add, also
two teaspoonfuls of vinegar, more if the
vinegar is not quite sharp. I hicken with
two or three tablespoon fuls of flour. Add
a generous lump of butter, some salt and
pepper to taste and serve piping hot with
boiled potatoes.

Sunday Dessert. — Four ripe bananas,
two crisp sweet apples (Hubbardstons are

4724 Circular Skirt with Flounce,

22 to 30 waist.

just right), two oranges and a handful of
plumped seeaed raisins. (Pour boiling
water over the raisins a minute to swell
them.) Make a quart of gelatine, or any
of the various jellies on the market. Pour
over the fruit and set to harden. Stir as
is cools to mix the fruit through the jelly.
Serve with whipped cream or soft cus¬
tard. A good substitute for whipped
cream is apple snow. For this Baldwin
apples are best. Grate one very fine after
peeling it. Select a large, perfect fruit.
Break over it the white of an egg and

whip the whole mass until it is foamy,
stiff, and white as driven snow. You
must work quickly or the apple will turn
dark before you add the egg, and the
result will disappoint you. You should
beat until perfectly stiff.

Sour Milk Cake. — This is cheap and
toothsome. Most fruit cake is a very ex¬
pensive article: One egg; 1 (4 cupful of
sugar; one cupful corn-beef fat, drip¬
pings or half butter and the rest lard
(the beef fat is the thing to use if you
have it); 1(4 cupful of sour milk; two
cupfuls raisins; a handful of currants and
a little citron or preserved ginger; a cup-
fid molasses; half a cupful of sugar; one
teaspoonful of soda ; flour to make quite
stiff, about four or five cupfuls. This
amount will make a large and small loaf.
Bake slowly as you would sponge cake
and keep in the pans for two or three
days before cutting. A piece of bread in
the cake box is a good thing. When eggs
are 40 cents a dozen, I omit the egg, and
have excellent results, by adding a bit
more soda. Milk that is almost “cheesy”
answers as well as anything if you beat
it thoroughly before using.

A good way to prevent boiled onions
from distressing tired or weak stomachs,
and to overcome the disagreeable odor
of the breath, is this: When the dish of
onions is all ready for the table, seasoned
with butter, salt and pepper, pour a few
spoonfuls of milk or cream over it and
toss lightly to prevent mashing the vege¬
table. This is positively a sure thing,
and the only way I ever attained these re¬
sults.

Hot Slaw. — Cut a head of cabbage fine.
Have ready enough dressing, half vine¬
gar and half water, and one-fourth sugar,
with a lump of butter to cover it. Simmer
until done. It is good cold. It is well
to salt the dressing a little, to taste.

ADAH E. COLCORD.

The Rural Patterns.

A loose evening coat, that can be slipped
over a light dress, is a convenient extra
garment. No. 4879 is a very graceful
model. As illustrated the material is
champagne colored broadcloth with collar
and facing of cream cloth and trimming
of fancy braid and lining of white silk,
hut all materials in vogue for cloaks of the
sort are correct. The coat is made with
fronts, backs, side-backs and the cape
portions that serve as big sleeves, their
front edges being included in the under¬
arm seams. When liked, openings can
be cut at the under portions of these
through which the hands can be slipped
when needful. The neck is finished with
a big collar that tapers to points at the
front. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 9 yards 27 inches
wide, 5(4 yards 44 inches wide, or 4^j
yards .72 inches wide, with 2 (4 yards of
silk or 1(4 yard of cloth for facing. The
pattern 4879 is cut in sizes for a 34, 36, 38,
40 and 42 inch bust measure; price, 10
cents.

For a soft, clinging material, No. 4724
is a very suitable model. The skirt is
made with an upper portion and flounce,
the upper portion being cut in two sec¬
tions, front and back, so avoiding the
center back seam, and is laid in pleats
at the upper edge which provide graceful
folds below. The flounce also is circular,
but is gathered at the upper edge to give
additional fullness and joined to the skirt,
the seam being concealed by the ruffles.
Any trimming that may be preferred can
be used, but the little bias ruffles are al¬
ways attractive. The quantity of material
reuired for the medium size is 13 yards
21 inches wide, 1 1 yards 27 inches wide,
or 6(4 yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
4724 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and
30 inch waist measure; price, 10 cents.

WHY DOES

A BABY CRY?

Because it is either hun¬
gry or in pain. Properly
nourished it will usually grow
up right and be comfortable
— that’s the principal thing
for a baby. If its food lacks
strength and nourishment
add Scott’s Emulsion at feed¬
ing time. A few drops will
show surprising results. If a
baby is plump it is reason¬
ably safe. Scott’s Emulsion
makes babies plump.

We’ll send you a sample free.

Scott & Bowne, 409 l’earl St., New York.

frXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYXXXXXXXXXXJ

St.

J acobs

Oil

The Old Monk Cure

For

and

Stiffness

From cold, hard labor or exercise,
relaxes the stiffness and the sore¬
ness disappears.

Price., 25c. and 50c.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO.,

MILWAUKEE, WIS.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES

Build your own linos. Inexpensive
and simple. We will tell you how.
Book of Instructions Froo. C N 302

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

152 St. Clair St. Cleveland, Ohio.

Wage Earners
Pay You • . .

5%

*25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ not ice.
Investments bear earn
lngs from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

QIJIL LOANS are secured
^ By mortgages on Huburban
homes owned by anibitlouH
wage-earners, pa> !ng all Inter¬
est ami part principal monthly.
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY, We put
them within your reach, paying
p. c. per annum on sums large
or s nail FROM DAY OF RK-
CKIPr TO DATE OF WITH¬
DRAWAL. Conservative In¬
vestors will appreciate a plan
affording all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars. ^
Assets, , . . . *i ,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $H»0,000
Industrial Savings & LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, Nkw York

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it
Oven our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermomeiar $20,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of the larg¬
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the entire prod-
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro- |v
curable article at a big saving ,we know we can satisfy you.

.Send Postal for Free Catalogue No. 156

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with special
reference to long life and economy of fuel. All
blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.
DAY All cook stoves and ranges equipped

with patented oven thermometer.
iTh E k save fuel and makes baking easy.

FREIGHT Investigate our offer and

save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

New Steel Roofing and Siding

Painted red on both sides

$ 2.00 Per lOO Square Feet »

Most durable and economical covering for Roofing, Siding or Celling, for Kurus, Sheds, Houses, Stores,
Churehes, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Cheaper and will last longer than any other material. Sheets
six and eight feet long.

1 po

LCll 1

We Pay the Freight

ry, Oklahoma and Toxas. Write for prices for shipment

; No. ' ' ‘ ....

to such points. This rooting at 82.00 per square is our No. 10 grade, flat, semi-hardened. 82.10 for corrugated,
“V” crimped or pressed standing seam. 82.25 for brick siding and beaded ceiling or siding. No experience
necessary. Send us your order for immediate shipment. We have othe grades.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE No. C- 57, on Building Material, Wire, Pipe, Plumbing Material,
Furniture, Household Goods, etc. We Huy at Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th & Iron Sts., Chicago.

nearest office today.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL.

A Telephone for the •
Country Home

The telephone in the country home is not a luxury— it’s a
money-saving investment that brings returns every day.
Keeps the farmer’s family in close relation with the neigh¬
bors, saves manv a trip to town, and helps to make the
young folks satisfied with the farm by giving them advan¬
tages like their city cousins.

Stromber^-Carlson
Telephones

Arc the right telephones for country homes. They work
right, stay right, and the price is right. Our Book F-102
“Telephone Facts for Farmers"— gives complete informa-
tion on how to organize, build, equip and maintain a
telephone line. Farmers are building lines all over the
land. Why not yout Write for the book and see how
cheaply it can bo done. Our book 102 tells how others have
built rural telephone systems. Both books are free. Address

MFG. CO., Rochester, N. Y., Chicago, Ill.

i 2

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January i,

MARK

E

T S

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1. Northern, Duluth —

@1.23%

No. 2, hard. Winter .

. . . —

@1.19%

Corn, No. 2, mixed .

. . . —

@ 54

Oats, mixed .

. . . —

© 35

—

© 85

Barley .

. . . 52

© 60

FEEDS.

City bran .

. .22.00

@24.00

Middlings . .

. . 24. (Ml

(<j 27.00

Red dog .

@28.00

Cotton-seed meal .

. 28.00

©30.00

Linseed meal .

©34.00

Gluten feed .

. .28.00

@30.00

HAY AND STRAW.
Iiav. prime . —

@16.50

No. 1 .

@16.00

No. 2 .

. . 14.00

@14.50

No 3 .

. . 1 2.00

@13.00

Clover and clover mixed.

.13.00

@14.00

Straw, long rye .

. .22.00

@22.50

@14.50

Oaf . .

@10.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bu .

@2.70

Fair to good .

@2.60

Red kidney, choice .

(if 2.65

White kidney .

. . 2.80

@2.8:>

Yellow eye, choice .

@2.15

HOPS.

New York State, 1904, cb.

Common to prime .

Pacific Coast, choice .

Common to prime .

Olds .

German, crop 1004 .

37

34

36

33

17

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3% cents per quart
in 26-cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 27

Firsts . 24

@
@
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
@

exlra . 1914©

Seconds . -6

Thirds . 4 1

Held, extras . —

State dairy, extra . —

Firsts . 22

Seconds . 16

Thirds . 1”

Imitation creamery, firsts.... 20

Seconds . 19

Factory, current make, firsts.. 16
I.ower grades . 13

Renovated, . . _

Firsts . 1J ©

Seconds . 1-> ©

Packing stock . 13 ©

CHEESE.

fancy. ... — ©

27 %
20 %

23
10
25
25

24
21
18
21
17
16 V2
15%
20
10
10
10

35 @

20 ©

34 ©

20 ©

14 ©

60 @

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring turkeys, fancy . 10 @

Fair to prime . 16 ©

Poor . 13 @

Chickens, 8 to 9 lbs to pair, lb 10 @

Mixed sizes . 14 ©

Western, fancy, broilers.... 14 ©

Roasters, large . — ©

Fowls, fancy, heavy . — ©

Average best . 10 ©1

Poor to fair . S ©

Ducks, fancy . 14 ©

Fair to choice . 10 ©

Geese, fancy . 13 ©

Fair to choice . 0 ©

Squabs, large, white, doz . — ©2.

Mixed . 2.25 @2.

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime, light . 10 ©

Fair to good . 8 ©

Heavy . 6 ©

Buttermilks . 0 ©

Hothouse lambs, head . 5.00 ©0.

Hogs, light . 6 ©

Heavy . . • • • • ,r> ©

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.45

Oxen and stags . 4 00

Bulls . 2.70

Cows . 1-60

Calves, veal . 0.00

Barnyards . 2.00

Sheep . 3.00

Lambs . 6.75 @7

GAME.

Quail, fancy, large, doz . 3.00

Woodcock, pair . 1-60 @1.2.)

Grouse, dark, pair . 2.00 @2.50

Light . 1.75 ©2.00

.... . 1 rA /ao on

@5.
©4.
©4.
©3.
©0.
@3.
© 5.

20

18

14
20

15
15
12
11

10%

9

15

13

14
12
75
37

ioy3

9

8

0

.00

o%

n%

GO

25

25

40

00

25

,00

,00

©3.

12

11%

10%

9%

10

Full cream, small,

Choice to fine . 11 ©

Fair to good . 10 @

Poor . 8 % ©

Large sizes, % cent less.

Light skims . 8%©

Full skims . 4 ©

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white .

Goods to choice . .

Fresh gathered, firsts....

Ordinary .

Western, finest .

Thirds to firsts .

Southern .

Refrigerator, Apr. pck., fey.

Summer pack .

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy.... 0 ©

Choice .

Prime .

Common to good .

Sun dried, Southern .

State and Western, qtrs.

Chops, 100 lbs . 1

Cores and skins . 1

Raspberries . . .

Huckleberries .

Blackberries . .

Cherries .

FRESH FRUIT.

Apples, King, Jonathan and

Spitzenburg . 2.00

Spy .

Baldwin and Greening -

Ben Davis .

Bulk, 150 lbs .

Grapes. Catawba, 4-lb bkt. .

Black, 8-lb basket .

Bulk, ton .

Cranberries, fcv., bbl .

Poor to good .

Strawberries, Florida, qt...

California, pint .

HOTHOUSE PRODU
Cucumbers, No. 1, doz

Lettuce, dozen . 10

Mushrooms, lb

Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.50

Tomatoes, IT) . .

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, L. L, 180 lbs

State and Western . 1

Jersey, bulk .

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl.

Sweets. Jersey, bbl....

Brussels sprouts, qt. . . .

Beets and carrots, bbl..

Citron, bbl .

Cabbage, Danish seed, red

ton .

White . 10

Domestic seed .

Cauliflowers, bbl .

Cucumbers, Fla., basket. . .

Celery, fancy, dozen .

Ordinary .

Chicory, New Orleans, bbl.

Escarol. N. O., bbl .

Kale, Norfolk, bbl .

Lettuce, N. O., bbl .

Onions, Conn, and Eastern,
white, bbl.

Yellow .

Red .

State and Western, yellow

bag . . .

White, bushel crate.

Parsnips, bbl .

Peppers, Fla., carrier.

Peas, Fla., crate . 1

Radishes, 100 bunches. .

String beans, Fla., bkt.

Spinach, bbl .

Squash, hbl .

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl
Tomatoes, Fla., carrier . 1

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . • — @ 9

Fowls . 10 © 10%

Roosters, old . — - © 7

Turkeys, old . 12 © 13

Ducks, pair . 00 © 80

Geese, pair . . . 1.25 ©1.75

Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

HONEY.

Clover, comb, fancy, lb . 13 @ 15

Fair to good . 10 © 12

Extracted- . 0 @ 0%'

Buckwheat, comb . 10 @ 11

Extracted . 6 @ 6%

Southern, extracted, gal . 50 @ 55

-@

35

Beaver, large .

31

©

33

Medium . . .

—

©

27

Small .

22

©

25

Silver fox . . . .

—

©

27

Cross fox . . . .

21

©

25

Red fox .

22

©

26

Grey fox . . . . ,

20%

©

21

Fisher .

17

©

19

Wolf, Prarie .

5

© 5%

. 4%@ 4%

3 % @ 4%

3

© 4

3

© 4

.1.40

@ 1 .60

. 1 .00

©1.12

. 21

© 22

. 11

© 1 2

6 % © 7

13

© 14

3

.2.00

@3.50

@2.50

.1.25

@2.25

@2.50

. T5

@1.25

6

@ 10

. 10

© 15

25.00

@35.00

@6.50

.2.00

@4.50

. 65

@ 75

. 30

@ 40

CCTS.

.1.00

@1.75

. 10

@ 40

. 20

© 50

©3.50

. 10

@ 20

©2.12

@1.62

.1.37

@1.62

.4.50

@5.50

.2.00

(< j 3.50

4

© 10

. 75

©1.00

. 75

@1.00

30.00

@35.00

10.00

@14.00

.9.00

@12.00

. 1 .00

@3.50

@2.50

. 50

© 60

. 10

© 25

. 2.00

@4.00

. 2.00

@3.00

. 50

©> 65

.2.00

@3.00

.’2.00

@7.00

. 2.00

@3.00

. 2.00

@2.75

.’2.00

@2.75

@2.25

.1.00

@1.50

.1.25

@2.25

. 1 .00

@2.50

.2.00

@2.50

@3.50

.1.00

© 1 .50

. 50

© 75

. 50

@1.00

@3.50

Partridge, pair . 1-50

Wild ducks, Canvas, pair . 1.00

Mallards . 75

Common . 25

Rabbits, pair . 15

Jack Rabbits, pair . 50

FARM CHEMICALS.

Nitrate of soda, ton . 49.00

Dried blood . 55.00

Kainit . 10.00

Muriate of potash . 38.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00

FURS.

Black bear . 10.00

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00

Badger . 60

Otter . 9.00

. 0.00

. 4.00

. 2.00

. 50.00

. 5.00

. 2.00

. 75

. 4.00

. 1.50

. 2.00

00
00
40

Timber . 2.

Wolverine . 4.

Lvnx . 4.

Wild cat .

Civet cat .

House cat, black .

House cat, colored .

Marten, dark . 0.

Pale . 3.

Skunk, black . I.

Long-Yriped . 1

Half-striped .

Striped .

White .

Raccoon .

Opossum, large .

Medium .

Small .

Kits .

Rabbit .

Mink . 2.

Muskrat, Winter .

Fall .

Kits .

20

8

00

00

50

.00

90

50

25

00

60

30

15

5

1%

50

14

9

•>

©2.00
©2.50
©1.00
@ 40
© 20
© 00

©53.00

©02.00

@12.00

©42.00

@15.00

©20.00
©10.00
© 80
@15.00
© 8.00
© 5.00
© 3.00
@250.00
©10.00
© 4.00
90
8.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
0.00
75
35
25
10

©

©

(a

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©12.00

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

@

5.00
1 .05
1.10
1.00
00
30
1.50
05
05
18

5.00

15

10

3

Blackberries

All the best varieties. Plants superbly rooted and vigor-
ous. Wesuggest as aleader for every order the de- W J
licious RATHBUN. Largest of all, a great bearer |"
aadoneofthemostvlgorousand hardy. Easily firstchoice I
in the market on account of quality and appearance. 1 1 1
pays to plant Wood's quality Strawberries, Raspberries,
Currants, Gooseberries and Grapes. Send for catalogue.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Orower, Rochester, N. V.

and Musical Compositions.
We arrange and popularize.

PIONEER MUSIC PUB. CO.

S O 11 g-POemS 303 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

ROYALTY PAID

- ON -

, DEATH TO HEAVES

Uoaraoteed

NEWTON’S Hefcve, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Core.

A. veterinary specific for wind,
f throat and stomach troubles,
^i****^ Strong recommend t $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio*

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer&
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Sy raeuse,N Y

QUO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1876. PRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds OV
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.
84 A 36 Little I2tli St.. New York.

Jo. 6 Iron Ago Combined,
^Double and Single a
\whecl Hoc, Hill -
kand Drill

kSeeder.

Your Spring Help

What kind of help will you have this spring. Will
you do your work the old way with many men and
much expense, or employ the time-saving, labor¬
lessening and money-making

IRON AGE Implements

These famous tools double each man’s capacity— saving time and money.

Our new No. 25 Fertilizer Distributor attachment may be applied to oar
famous No. 6 combined tool, or to our No. 1 Double Wheel Hoe
os is the case with the Seed Drill attachments. This labor sav¬
ing implement and the Iron Age (Improved Robbins) Potato
Planter are fully described in “Iron Age” a book which should
he in the hands of every gardener and farmer who would be
more successful. Sent free.

BATEMAN MFC. CO., Box 102, Crenloch, N. J.

Iron Age
Improved
Robbins)
Potato
Planter.

329 RANSOM STREET

OR FAST FREIGHT

We still have a fair supply of Portlands, Comforts,
Speeders, Swells, Bobs and Runners.

Can ship same day order is received — Speela' Ex¬
press or Freight Rates to all points.

The only cutter and sleigh manufacturers selling direct
to user.

Buy from the factory and save dealers’ profits.

(5 to 10 per cent, discount on harness this month.)

KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE & HARNESS CO.

KALAMAZbO, MICH.

The Fearless Railway

Horse Powers

run eagier and yield more powor thVn any other.
Suited to Cutting , Saiving t^umjAng , Thresh¬
ing — all farm uses. Also ThreBhers, Engine*,
Cutters, Saw Machines, Round bllos, etc. Cat-
_ _ aloguc free.

MFC. CO., CoMesklll, N. T.

WE have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers. Stockmen. Grange and Farmer’sCluhs.and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every neighborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

POULTRY

—PRIZE WINNING
STOCK.— White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, White Rocks, Barred Rocks,
Black Minorcas. Light Brahmas Over 1200 Highest
Quality Exhibition Birds; Males $10 to $60; Females
$10 to $40. Specially mated pens for breed i ng $20 to $100.

Over 5000 Birds for Great Egg Production, Splendid
breeding males and females $5 to $10 each Care¬
fully mated pens for breeding $15 to $35,

Selected Breeding Cockerels $3 to $20 each.

Egg orders booked now, $5 per 12, straight from ex¬
hibition stock. $2 per 12, from laying matings.

ELM POULTRY YARDS

1’. O. Box A, Hartford, Conn.
Established 1888 Telephone connection

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue.
WILSON BHOS., Sole Mfri,., Dept. X Eutoo, Pa.

EGGS IN PLENTY

HARVEY’S CUT CLOVER HAY

Makes eggs plentiful because It supplies
the hens with plenty of egg-forming food.
It makes dollars for the poultry men.

Catalogue of full lino poultry supplies free.
HARVEY SEED CO Eliicott St. Buffalo

x’xi x,r xcoa

fe HE “GEM” MONEY MAKER

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live (
chickens too — that live and grow
into money. Our catalogue tells of I
“Gem” features no other Incubator |
has. Write for copy — it is free.

GEM INCUBATOR CO.

Box 434 Dayton, Ohio

Oldest Commission JSMuSSeiS:

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
K. B. WOODWARD, 802 Greenwich Street, New York.

$ E <V80 For
I 200 Egg
.INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

WANTED.

March 1st, a working farmer on a
private place. One whounderstands
cows, sheep ana swine. Building modern. Wife ex¬
pected to care for dairy, and be a fl st class butter-
maker. Good wages. Comfortable home; permanant
place. H M THOMSON. Thompson, Conn

CAB CT— 1 Or exchange for smaller
* L/ I\ w r\ I™ & farm. 200-acre farm gravel
loam, Ontario County. on improved road, mile from
railway Btatlon ; hour from Rochester; 10 acres
apples, 10 acres timber; good buildings

J. R. BAILEY, Box 2u8, Rochester. N. Y.

WANTED

—We need a few more good rep¬
resentatives in your town and
vicinity, forthesale of our high
grade nursery stock. No Cold Storage Stock Used.
Experience unnecessary Position permanent. Large
sales now being made. Liberal terms. Apply quick
ALLEN NURSERY CO., Dept. A., Rochester, N. Y

ATTENTION

—Needing male
help of any kind,

favor us with your orders. Mall orders a Specialty
v HER55. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York

p| n|| A For rich farming and fruit growing,
r AlfmO Write J. D. S. HANS0N, Hart, Mich.

FOR SALE'

as

low

as

That’s what users say about the great

PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders

Our illustrated catalog tells why
they are best. It’s free. Write.

Prairie State Incubator Co.,
Box 406, llouier City, Pa.

2? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFC. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FreeCaialog

— An excellent FARM of (X) acres,

. near County Seat, Seneca County.
Buildings cost $5,000. Must sell at once — $11,800 Send
for special description; also 4c. stamp for Farm
Bulletin 500 bargains — New York State farms.
JOHNSTON REAL ESTATE CO., Rochester, N. Y.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WJ1 . T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn.

VIRGINIA FARMS
$5.°° PER ACRE

with improvements. Much land now beingworked has
paid a profit greater than the purchase price the first
year. Long Summers, mild Winters. Best shipping
facilities to great eastern markets at lowe.t lates,
Bestchurch, school and social advantages. For list
Of farms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LA BAUME, Agr.
and Ind. Agt. N. & W. Ry , Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

75 Acres, Dairy and Fruit, $2,000.

12-room house, .furnace heat; 2 good barns; over¬
looking river; details and picture FREE with illus¬
trated ’• Special List ” of 20U farms in New England.
New Yoik. Delaware. Maryland and the South Ad¬
dress E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau st.,
New York City, or Tremont Temple., Boston.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. 0. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N. Y.

HATCH EVERY ECC USED

Will it do it? Ask our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, R. F. D. No.l.New
Hartford, la. ; Mrs. Erie Brack, Havensville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving those

i^r^diL**0- 30 DAYS’ TRIAL.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box P-3, Spiungfield, Ohio.

60-ORg size,
$4.50 and $5.00

STOP THAT COUGH

**» JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

X

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known (§b used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET If FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

i3

PUBLISHERS DESK.

Let ns once more remind you that in
order to introduce The R. N.-\ . to people
who do not now know it or receive it, we
will for this introductory purpose send it

Ten Weeks for 10 Cents.

We make this rate in order to make it
easy for our friends to introduce the paper
to their friends and neighbors. We would
like to reach every farmer in the land who
would be benefited by the paper. Speak
to your neighbors about it whenever you
have an opportunity.

Some time ago we mentioned that if
you would send a dollar for a new sub¬
scription we would send the paper a year
and a copy of “The Business Hen," and
for your trouble and interest we would
send you a copy of that popular book,
“David 1 1 arum.” The response showed
that our people appreciate good books.
Orders came in pretty fast for a while.
We now repeat the proposition. This
book is bound in cloth, costs 10 cents for
postage and retails at $1.50. It is full of
wit and homely humor. If you have not
read it, you could well afford to pay the
retail price for it, but you need not do that.
Get a dollar from a neighbor for a new
subscription to The R. N.-Y.. send it on
and you will have the book by return mail.

After all that has been said about the
new poultry book, “The Business Hen,”
there seem to be some who do not yet
fully understand how it may be had. For
the benefit of these we would say in brief
that it is being sent every day free and
postpaid to the subscribers whose sub¬
scriptions are received that day. We have
had every arrangement made in advance,
and the books go out every day. We are
glad to find that our friends are pleased
with the book. We never before received
so many hearty, kindly letters as come in
the mail now day by day. Here are a few
samples taken at random from the files :

Received “Business Hen’’ and thank you
folks very much indeed for same. It is a
book that should he in the home of every
man interested in poultry, whether lie tie a
large or small breeder. Wishing The It. N.-Y.
and “Business lien” a happy New Year.

Woodside. L. 1. A. E. T.

I wish to thank you in advance for th.e
“Business Hen.” That is one subject I am
much interested in, and that is t lie book I
should have chosen out of a hundred, and
could I have selected t lie author it would
have been the Hope Farm man, II. W. C,
Since we get the full value of our money in
The It. N.-Y. many times over our family
will all appreciate the gift. a. a. l.

Burlington, Vt.

I have read much of the “Business lien,”
and can candidly say without any intention
of whitewashing, that it is (lie best and most
practical poultry book I have ever seen, and
I have read many of them, but had I this
several years ago It would have enabled me
to have marked up a profit instead of a loss
in many of my undertakings.

Columbus, N. .T. j. e. Stevenson.

The “Business lien" will prove an invalua¬
ble guide for anyone raising chickens.

Mt. Focono, Pa. m. c. l.

Yes; I must renew my subscription to The
R. N.-Y. before my pension money is all gone,
for that is where I get the most for my
money of anything in which I invest. Keep
driving at the wire manufacturers until we
get what we want. j. v.

Pontiac, It. I.

We cannot attempt to acknowledge all
of these letters personally, but we want
all to know that we appreciate their kindly
sentiments. _

RED SWEET WINTER APPLES.

J. J. G., of Michigan, wants a red sweet
apple that is a good keeper and desirable in
other respects. The latest keeping sweet
apple of this kind that I know of is Bentley,
which will keep until nearly all other va¬
rieties are gone. It originated in Ohio, and
has been grown there in a commercial way
for a good many years. I have known it
well for nearly -10 years, and never knew
anything bad of it. It lias a good tree and
bears well. The fruit is of medium size and
good quality. The color is bright red,
striped over a yellowish ground. Ramsdell
is another very handsome red, sweet apple,
hut it is not a late keeper. It is classed
with the Fall apples in some sections, but
would probably keep well into the Winter
if grown in Michigan. I have not seen it

there, so far as I remember. It is of excel¬
lent quality, and the tree is productive and
otherwise desirable. Hendrick Sweet is aiso
a very good sweet apple, and of attractive
color, but it does not keep very late. Bailey
is a good apple of the same' general char¬
acter, but the tree does not have a good
habit of growth. Buncombe is a red, sweet
apple that is desirable. It is more often
known by 1 Ho name Red Winter Pearmain.
Black Gilliflower is dull red in color, and an
old favorite with those who like an apple
that is not very juicy. It is one of the
latest: keepers. Ladies' Sweet is of excellent
quality and fair size, but it is not so highly
colored as some might desire. It was the
special favorite of Charles Downing for Win¬
ter use. H. E. VAN DEMAN.

The American Farmer the Best in the World.

The American farmer is the greatest man
in the world to-day because he is master of
the soil — he is gaining in intelligence quite
as rapidly as his products are increasing in
magnitude. Our recent combines of capital
in United States measured in money are
enormous, yet such figures sink into insig¬
nificance when compared to the money,
brain and brawn invested in agricultural
industries. For instance, the farmers of
Minnesota and Dakota have received $300,-
000,000 for their products in a single year.
The farmer knows what Nature will bring
forth for him from his experience in the
past. He knows if certain seeds are
planted and properly cared for that Naturo
will take care of the rest. In the same
way you are master of your own destiny.

Providing your blood is in good order, it
only needs a little effort on your own part
to keop healthy and strong — rid your body
of the poisons that are apt to accumulate
and your system is ready to ward off the
attack of the germs of disease. Dr. Pierce’s
Golden Medical Discovery makes rich red
blood — by increasing the number of red
blood corpuscles. There is no alcohol in
this great tonic to shrivel up the red blood
corpuscles. As an alterative extract, made
only of herbs and roots it goes about its
work In nature’s way. It stimulates the
liver into proper action, and feeds the
worn-out nerves, stomach and heart on
pure blood. Used for over a third of a
century it has sold more largely than any
other blood medicine in the United States.
More bottles of Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical
Discovery are sold to-day than ever before —
that is a true test of its medicinal value after
thirty-eight years of deserved popularity.

Dr. Pierce’s "Medical Adviser” sent on
receipt of stamps to pay for mailing only.
£ .nd 21 one-cent stamps for book in paper
covers, or 31 stamps for cloth-bound vol¬
ume. Address Dr. R.V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.

Famous

Gaboon Seeder w

Absolutely warranted and lasts a lifetime.

14 Main Street,
Antrim, N.

Goodell Company,

AND

HIDES

SILOS

Best. Cheapest. Also Horse Powers, Cut*
ters. Hay Presses, Saw Machines, etc. #

HARDER MFC. CO., Coblosklll, N. Y.

determines the value of a spreader. A special
Beater, successful Rake and Hood distinguish I
the Standard from other spreaders. No varying
in width; no bare spots. Spreads full width
4 feet. Rake holds all bunches until cut up.
Hood or wind shield over beater prevents manure
blowing about. The Hood on the

STANDARD

Manure Spreader

I also serves as an End gate, preventing load pack-
I ing into Beater. Lifts easily, because moves |
away from load; exclusively a Standard feat¬
ure. One levor raises endgate and puts entire I
machine in operation. Automatic return of ap¬
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side or inclines. Apron only or apron and beat¬
er can be stopped. Six changes by lever — 5 to
35 loads per acre. Strongest wheels and frame, i
Team close to load. Least complicated. Least \
breakage. Write for catalog and learn why the f
is the Standard best investment.

THE STANDARD HARROW C0„ Dept. K, Utica, H. t.

Makers of Harrows, Cultivators,

Potato Harvesters, etc.

TBROWm

-r/AI rPAYS THE

IHeaviest Fence Made. AUNo. 9 Steel Wire J
15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

Lwe. also sell direct to farmers atwholesale prices, fili
^Coiled Spring. Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire. ,

. Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.,
Cleveland. Ohio

NCHOR COILED

SPRING WIRE FENCE;

REMEMBER

t hat those who have bought our heayy
Anchor Fence in the past have received full value for
their money and admit that they are satisfied.

THE ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO.,
Department D., Cleveland, Ohio.

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE.

is strongest and best by every test. Our low prices
will surprise you. We ship from mills In Conn.. Ill.,
Calif., and guarantee prompt delivery. W rite to-day
for FREE catalogue of Farm, I.awn and Poultry Fence
Case Bros., 12-18 Alain St.. Colchester. Conn.

BEGIN THE NEW YEAR

FROST
BEST
.CHEAPEST

By sellingtheFrost Fence, now recognized as the
StandardK. It and farm fence, on account of £tow#lght
and wearing qualities. Our new circular GCQCrlbing
new method, mailed on application. Agents wanted
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

If You Want a FENCE

SEE THAT TWIST IT

That is made from the best High Carbon Steel Wire.

That is Heavily Galvanized to prevent rustorcorrosion.

That is COILED to provide for contraction and expansion,
That is Strong Enough to turn the most vicious animal,

That is Woven Closely to turn chickens and small pigs,

That staples to the posts as you would nail a board,

That easily adjustsitself to all uneven surfaces.

That is woven in such a manner that compels every wire
to bear its portion of strain,

That you can Buy Direct from theflrm that makes it, with
I Freight Prepaid to your nearest railroad station,

That you can examine at your railroad station and re¬
turn if it displeases you in any particular,

That you can erect and llse for Thirty Days, and if unsat¬
isfactory return at our expense and get your money,
Write for Free Catalog giving full information,# Address, (

’KITSELMAN BROS, Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA. ,

1 0 to 50% more money for you to ship Itaw Fur.,
hirst; and Cattle Hides to us than to sell at home.
Vrite for Price List, market report, shipping tags.

feooK Hunters’ andirappers’ Guide

.Best thing on the subject ever written.
^Illustrating all Fur Animal*. Oloth
' bound. 800 pages. Price *1.50. To Hide
and Fur Shippers, #1. Write today.
ANHEKSCH BROS. Dept. 1*8 Minneapolis, Mini*

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL. BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 48, Hightstowu, N. J.

Ou r latest pattern
Pitless Scale.

(Patents Pending.,

You Can Save From $30 to $50

. . . It V BUYING- OUK . . .

6 1 .

KNODIG

9 9

BRANCH, DAYTON, OHIO.

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when it leaves our factory, witii
the exception of floor planks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

8ce Kxhlblfc Pure Krcd Live Stock Kecord Rids** Chicago.

THE $50,000,000 WORLD’S FAIR

We have the entire Exposition and offer for immediate delivery all the vaat quantity ol material used
in it. construction and equipment. »

100,000,000 Feet of Highly Seasoned Lumber

SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR OUR ESTIMATE

SAVE FROM 30 TO 40 PER CENT. Also Sash, Doors, Roofing of all kinds, Pipe of all kinds, Wire Fenc*
ing, Hardware, Machinery, Household Goods and Furniture of every description, besides thousands of other
items. ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE NO. 57. We purchased every Exposition of modern days.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, Mo.

SYRACUSE

Reversible Sulky Plow.

For both hillside and'level land plowing. Perfect work,
avoidng ridges and dead furrows. Steel moldboards
and strips, chilled or steel shares. With automatic,
adjustable pole, operator regulates width of furrow,
plows around curves and avoids side strain on horses.
( Beam, landside, wheel and pole always in line, no side
draft. With Power Lift, making it easy for the boy to
handle. If your dealer hasn’t it, write us. Catalogue free.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

DON’T TAKE OUR WORD

about Page Fences, See the wire yourself (sample
free1, and read the opinions of thousands of users.
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 727, Adrian Mich.

_ #■ k MAS* cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Book 54E Free. Dr P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y,

Brooks’ Sure Cure

Brooks' Appliance. New
discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxious springs or pads.
Automatic Air Cushions.
Binds and draws the broken
Darts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves.
No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able. cheap. Pat. Sept. 10/01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

B&OOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box

FOR

965, MARSHALL, MICH.

CUTAWAY vTOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS-

Clark’s Reversible Bush and Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep. Will pk a a
- new cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the
laud true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His ,

Rev. Disk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to lOin. deep, 14 in. wide.

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard- _
hack, sunflower, milkweed, thistle, ' -
or any foul plant. Send for cir'lars.i
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., I
Hlgganum, Conn., U. 8. A.

s

DeljOACH JPAT

^ Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
r Catalog Free of Saw Mills, 1 H. P. and up. Shingle
Planing, Lath and Co n Mills: four Stroke H y
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight.

^ DeLoach Mill Mf g. Co., Box 1002 Atlanta.Ga-

are always to be found in our mills. Greatest variety, simple,
strong design. Safety features. Quick, easy grinding, all
grains, ?ar ami shuck corn. Grinding at home is a great sav¬
ing and ground feed makes fat stock quickly.

Scientific Grinding Mills

for every purpose. Sweep - J - ’

all sizes. Wood Saws, C _

Write now for new free catalogue r .

THE FOOS MFG. CO., LEst. 2s years.) Springfield, Ohio.

Highest Award, COLD MEDAL, St. LOUIS, 1904.

. N! IQ

sep, geared, combined and power;
Corn Shellers and Horse Powers.

i4

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 7,

Live Stockand Dairy

VALUE OF GALLOWAY HIDES.

We are often told that hides of Galloway
cattle have special value for rohe and coat
making. It has been said that this quality
gives Increased value to the animals, so that
the Galloway steer will bring more money
than would he represented by his meat alone.
Will you tell if this is true, and to what: ex¬
tent the hide will add to the value of the
ca rcass?

It is a fact: that black hides taken off at
certain seasons of the year, when the hair is
long, are sometimes worth for robe purposes
a ntTlo more than for leather, particularly
when the prices of hides are ou a low or
medium scale. swift & no.

Chicago.

The black hides of Gallow'ay cattle in the
Winter season, when the hair is longer, fetch
a slight premium over current kill of similar
stock. In the short-haired season they are
not worth any more than hides from other
breeds of cattle. ahmoijr & co.

Chicago.

I can sell all well-coated hides from grades
and purebreds for from $2 to $5 more than
ordinary hide Is worth in market here at
home. I have two hides that I had put Into
robes for my own use, one a light brown that
1 refused $10 for; other is a black, for which
I refused $.'10; cost me $13 all told (freight.
Included). c. s. heciitneb.

Princeton, Ill.

A Galloway steer hide is worth from $25
to $75. At the International Show at Chi¬
cago In 1003 a steer was sold to the butcher,
hide reserved; the hide was sold for $10
(green) ! This quality certainly increases
the value of the animal. I have a Galloway
coat made from three calves’ hides, i refused
$100 for the coat from the maker of it.

Esthervllle, Iowa. K. H. WHITE.

A carload of yearling or two-year old steers
will bring at least $5 per head in Winter
above other breeds on account of their hides.

I have sold Galloway robes Just tanned and
not lined at from $10 to $75 apiece. In Sum¬
mer they bring no more than other cattle on
account of robes, but always bring mo'-e per
pound than any other breed on account of
their quality of meat and dressing per cent.

Atlanta, Mo. c. N. moopy.

Strong claims are made for the Galloway
In the point which you mention. A good
feeder taking Galloway steers to market would
not be able to realize any appreciable differ¬
ence because of the skin. The man who
would probably make the gain in this respect
would be the buyer. If a Galloway steer has
an exceptionally long, furry, wavy coat of
hair, his skin would be valuable for making
robes, or coats, or rugs, but otherwise his
hide would be worth no more than ordinary
steers. w. j. both uhkoicd.

Iowa Ag'l College.

While we regard the Galloway hide as espe¬
cially adapted to such purposes, it is not suf-
llciem grounds for paying more for Galloway
cattle when they are sent to market than
would be paid for animals of other breeds. It
a Galloway steer or cow is sent to market
that has a* specially good hide for robes, some
one might select the hide and pay a slight ad
vance over the actual value of the meat, hut
the statement that Galloway cattle are worth
more than others because their hides are
adapted to rohe and coat making will not hold

gOOU. ANDREW DOSS.

Minn. Ag'l College.

While we are breeding purebred Galloway
cattle for breeding purposes we occasionally
have a steer or barren cow which we butcher,
and we llnd the Galloway robe Is a source of
considerable revenue to us. We send these
hides to the tannery, where they have a
method of treating them so that they are soft
and pliable as well as waterproof, and we
have them made into coats or robes. Our av¬
erage price per robe is $25, and we have sold
them for as much as $75 for an extraordinary
one. lly sidling (lie rohe til $25 we realize
a net profit of at least lot) per cent, as the
average hide will sell for about $5 or $<i, and
the tanning about an equal price; $2 for lin¬
ing. and we aim to sell them at from $20 to
$40 for Ibe average bides and extraordinary
ones still higher. hkdOKSIDE farm co.

Fort Wayne, Ind.

I think Galloway robes are equal. If not
superior, to the buffalo, when they are prop¬
erly tanned anil lined. At the recent shows
Galloway hides have been shown in mittens,
gloves, ladles' sacks and capes, robes and
overcoats. They are in my opinion Ibe best
coat made. They are waterproof and wind-
proof. The robe feature alone when suffi¬
ciently developed will offer a profitable in
ducenient over all other beef breeds. I saw
three robes made from the bide of a three-
quarter blood steer that were shown In Kan¬
sas City, winning first prize In robe exhibit of
A. M. Thompson, Nashua, Mo. I afterwards
saw him refuse $145 for the three robes.
This Is an advantage over all other breeds,
and these coupons can be clipped from no
other animal than the Galloway. The aver¬
age cost of finishing a bide Into a robe Is
about $7; the average value of the finished
robe Is wholesale $27.50. An animal weigh¬
ing 700 pounds makes a good large robe,
while a steer or cow of 1,000 pounds weight
will make two good robes. I think this Is
sufficient to give you an Idea of the value
of a Galloway hide as a robe producer.

Stockport. Iowa. .r. n. hai.es a son.

There Is a good deal of truth and some
error In the statement that Galloway cattle

bring more on account of their hides, l once
sold 14 Galloway steers out of a carload for
$5 per hundred, while the red ones in same
haul only brought $4.50 on same market. The
purchaser, Simon O'Donuell, said the value
of the hides together witti the animals' polled
character made them worth that much more
for export In the month of January. In mid¬
summer the Galloway hide has no greater
comparative value than that of any other
breed, but. from November to March, when the
coat of hair is long and at Its best, the hide
of a Galloway is worth several cents per
pound more I luin the hide of an animal of
any other breed. Two years ago I sold a
prize winning Galloway steer at auction at
the International Show, Chicago, agreeing to
lake the hide at the highest market value.
They charged me 2D cents per pound for 80
pounds, or $i>> for the green hide. To tan it
cost 10 cents per pound. Ordinary hides cost
about 12 cents at that time, so on the green
hide the difference was about eight cents per
pound, or $0.40 for the steer, nearly 50 cents
per hundred pounds live weight, agreeing
closely with Simon O'Donnell's estimate as
above mentioned. o. ii. swigart.

Chicago, III _

Tropri.e in f'n tuning. On page 887 C. I..
M. I!, describes bis trouble in churning. I
have been told to strain Ibe milk into the
pans, have a cooking pot half full of water
on the stove; when the water begins to steam
place the pan of milk on to the pot and leave
it: there until the milk crinkles; take off the
pan of milk, and repeat until all the pans
nave become crinkled. Do Ibis morning and
evening during the Winter. Churn two or
more times a week. When you have enough
cream to churn place the pail containing the
cream into the same pot of water and heat to
about 120 degrees; take the pall of cream off
the stove, and let it cool to about 45 or 50
degrees. Churn In a room of about 60 or 65
degrees. This ought to bring the butter in
about an hour's churning, more or less, it
has been staled time and again In the columns
of The It. N.-Y. what is the proper temper¬
ature to heat and cool the cream, also for
churning. Until we learned the above we
were troubled tne same as you are. Since
then we have not had any trouble. II. G.
M. does not help very much with this trouble,
which I know from experience is very discour¬
aging. especially when a person or persons
keep churning a day or two before the butter
will gather together, and when it does come
It is not tit to sell, much less to eat. II. O.
M.’s experience is probably derived from Ills
large dairy or other creameries, and he has
not had to trouble himself as a poor family
has to with one or two cows that are almost
dry. If you bad the milk from a fresh cow
with the rest, and followed the above direc¬
tions. the churner would be happy. A. 8.

Delawa re.

STOP THE LEAK.

A homo Is only good for use or sale when ho In Round.
Spavins, Rlnobonoa, Curbs, Splints and other forum
of Iuiiiouosh uru leaks which may ho stopped hy utile,;

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

Ch.Tse City, Va., Dec. 11, 1903.
Dr. n. T. Kendall Co., Jinosburg palls, VI.,

Gentlemen: After trying many dilTerent kinds of lini¬
ments n fnrnd advised me to use your Kendall's Spavin
Cure, will. Ii gave ■ complete euro at once.

Respectfully yours, M*CARY L. WAI-KliR.
Prlco, S1| six tor SB, A-k your drugglHt for
KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE, ulHO *'A Troatlso on the
Horse," tlio book free, or address

DR. D. J. KCrtlKI I CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

HIGH CLASS

PERCHBRON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions Hootch Collie
Pups. K.8 AKIN, Auuurn. N. Y.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The ttnost lot. of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains Address,

It A KICK’S JACK FARM,
jtox 1, Lawrence, Ind.

tfOREHEN MONEY

MANN'S iSS.1!? I

frives liens food which makes them lay. %/
£uts al 1 bone, meat and gristle; neverclogj.

Ten Days* Free Trial.

No money until satisfied that It tuts easiest
and fastest. Return at our expense it not
satisfied . Catalogue free .

F.K. MANN CO., BOX IS MILFORD, MASS

BUY SUCCESS
POULTRY FOOD

It’s best lor inputting fowls, also laying hens It
contains clover, meat, bone and linseed meal, tltor
mighty mixed with corn, w beat and oats ground. 101)
lb sacks, *1 75 F. O B. cars, at Colchester; 500 lb lots,
$8.00; 1UU0 lbs , S15.U0. Oyster shells, 100 lb sacks, 60c;
600 lbs., 12.00; 20001 bs„ $7.50 F. O 11. cars. New Haven
Ct. Write us for prices on cut clover and meat meal,

CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

POULTRY.

rt POULTRY LINE-Fencin

lOOOOOOOOO

We keep cv-j
_ ery thing in the J

_ _ [—Fencing, Feed, incu-j

{batons, Livestock, Brooders anything^)

) it’s our business. Call or let us send youj
>our Illustrated Catalogue it’s free for thej
{asking it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dept. II. G. 26 & 28 Vosey Street. New York City.'

o<xxmmi(xm3<xxxmm3<

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two II rat, premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Kggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free
ZIMMER BROS., R. D.41, Weedsport, N. Y.

SPECIAL BARGAINS,

If ordered at once. In Cockerel*, Bullets and
Ileus. We have 8. C. and K C. Brown, Bf. anti White
Deg White, Bf A Bid. I*, llocks, White. Bf Silver &
Gold Wynd., Bull Orpingtons, It. I. Iteds, Mlnorcas,
Iirahmas, Cochins, IMtGames, and all other breeds.
MT. BLANCO POULTRY FARM, Carpenter, Ohio.

BONNIE BRAE POULTRY FARM,

Now Rochollo N. Y.

Breeders and shippers of high class Single Comb Pure
White Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks .Stock
and Kggs for stile at al I times Largest poultry plant
in the vicinity of New York City. Agents Cyphers
Incubators, Brooders, etc. Correspondence Invited.

Var's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Kggs a specialty. 00 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGKY.Box 8, Telford. Pa,

Dorn rnn CftfiC — Our Barred Rocks 1 ay 25fi to
onLU rUnCuuOi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts a lion t better methods In Breeding, Match
lug and Keedlngfroe. F. GRUNDY. Morrison vl lie, III

SQUABS PAY £!ss

Kinder, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmors, women. Bend for FRKK
BOOKLET and learn this rich homo
Industry. PLY MOIITn ROCK HQIJAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

nriTII XA I IOC on HENS and CHICKS,
UlA I II I U LluC 64-pngO hook Fit KB.

1) J l.AMBKRT. Box 307, Apponang, R.I

DR. DAVID RODERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

iirers his professional advice free to read¬
ers of this paper.

CATTLE

Owners and breeders can save hundreds
of dollars yearly by keeping their cattle
in a strong, healthy condition,

ONE diseased COW endangers the whole
herd. You can learn to avoid this dan¬
ger by reading ray FREE booklets on the
following ailments.

Write for the ones you want.

No. 1. Booklet. — Abortion In Cows.

No. 2. Booklet — Barren Cows

No 3. Booklet — Retained Afterbirth.

No. 4 Jlooklet — Scours I n < bilves.

Also J How to make you r OWN

No. 6. Booklet — ) STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist
414 Grand Ave., Waukesha, W Is. 2

BUY HER NOW, A

JERSEY RED SOW

to bo Bred to Farrow when Wanted.

Write nut for free booklet. '

ARTHUR .1. COLLINS, Moorest own, N. J.

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock lor sale
MKADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

f \ U p U I DC O— v o« n g Boars,

Vs I I E. O I 1 I I V EL Hows and 3-month
Pigs of Individual merit and from the best families.

k 8, mi. I,. Freevllle, N. T

PUEQUIDP DIPC FORHALK. From First Prize
untonmc rlUvUcrd at St. Louis Exposition
and New York State Fair H. G OTI8,8horwood,N V.

Springbank Berkshires.

1 have some grand 11 months old Service Boars
Sonic Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Hows; will breed them for Hprlng litters. All Hist
Cluss Individuals

J K WATSON. Proprietor. Miirbledale. Conn

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Breeders’ Directory

LEARN POULTRYCULTURE

Wocan tench yon thoroughly, KiicceRBfully. Onr
original personal correspondence course of In¬
struction Is Interesting, practical, routs hut
little. A Sake oitihk to jikoinnkkn, Invaluable
to old poultry raisers. We teach you how to
make any plot of ground, large or small, cay a
•HI UK IIIVIDKNP OK FROM 2.*i tnfiO P. C. ON INVK8T-
mknt. Individual attention given each student. Write for
free booklet. Many Lucrative Positions Open to Graduates.
Columbia Me boo] of Poultry Culture, Box 8f»8,Watervllle,N. Y

OEDMEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Fork a it si 1 1 he out of Goi.dkn Stream 8th
born Fob. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed t he Atlantic ns a t wo-year old
A few choice Bull Calves for .sale hv GOI.DKN
STREAM KR and GOI.DKN FERN'S LAD out of Im¬
ported cows.

Specialty Young Hulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS Standard -Bred RI.ACK M1NORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTKS

E ar Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plain*, N. Y.

mRKG. JERSEY HULLS, one month to 18
months olti. Photograph of each
WM M BIGHAM 8 SONS, Gettysburg, Pa

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers
bred right, raised right,, and fur sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices nellvcred tit your station
Satisfaction guaranteed K W Mosher, Aurora. N Y .

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

I E F '

best dairy stock, ready for service: at farmer sprlee.
R. F SHANNON, 905 Liberty St, Pittsburg. Pa.

I WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No (2(40, and BLUE BLOOD No 0310.

Such Cows as Sheet Anchor's Lassie. Imp Deanie
7th, Lady Myrtle of Homestead, •cut. The Herd tern-
ders about 40 carefully selected animals Registered
and tuberculin -tested. Breeding stock for stile at
all limes. Including the choicest of Hull and Heifer
Calves of all ages, and at reasonable prices. For
further particulars and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A Christmas Gift for All.

Until January 1, 1905. 1 will cut ALL regular prices
on all registered Holstein stock, 50 per cent. This
will enable you to make a Christmas present that will
double In value by another New Year, and will con¬
tinue to double In value for years tOGOlne. Circulars
senton application

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept D., Cortland, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Rull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and hy such sires as
Beryl Wat ties Paul DeKol and 8lr Korndyke Manor
Detiol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must bo disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves Write lor prices on
anything needed In Rolstelu-Frloslans.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster CO.. N.Y.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Hale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN 1U1AKCOU.

POLAND CHINAS

Wrlto and describe what you want, for I am In posi¬
tion to till your order with up-to-date breeding;
order a How bred at once for Hprlng farrowing.

JACOB It. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Htandard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bo wersox, R.3 ; Bradford, Dk . Co,0

Reg. P. Cliinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

BW"— g wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin.

Jmr service Boars, Bred sows.e Write for
prices and description Return If not
satisfactory: wo refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Krclldpun, Chester Co., I’a.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 8 to 18 months old. A
few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites Of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Poterboro, N Y.

FOR SALE

-Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W W CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

Holstein bull calves, sootch oolites, spayed
Female*. 8ILA8 DECKER, South Montrose, Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS.

August and September farrow. Two Brood Sows;
registered stock. Pairs and trios not akin. Farmer’s
pi le.es. F J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalla.N. V.

$69 Holstein-Friesian Bull $69

BERYL WAYNE’S SON No. 3, Born February 20, 1904.

Sired by Beryl Wayne's 8on. whose dam has an official record of 277k pounds, and Ills sire's two neares
pa ms, official seven day butter records averaging over 24 pounds each, This Bull Is a tine one, and It
certainly a rare bargain at the price we name. The flrstorder at tlMlil takes him.

BKOOKNIDE 1IKRI). The Stevens Brotherli-Hasting;* Company, Laconn, New York.

CUTS FOUR SIDES

That’s why the KEYSTONE !»«--
burner cuts so easily, keenly urn!
Iqtilekly. Doesn’t haggle the tender Mesh or splinter and tear the horn. Don't
use a saw— It's cruel. Experts uml veterinarians use the KEYSTONE. Send
for free Illustrated booklet. Al. T. PHILLIPS, Box jh. Pomeroy, Pn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

i5

SCALDING POULTRY BEFORE
PICKING.

If V. B. (page 900) will heat the water
to 130 degrees lie will find his chickens
will pick much easier than dry. I dress
several hundred every year, and scald
them all. I take a little oil stove, set
a large pail on it nearly full of water
that has been heated on the kitchen range,
put in a floating dairy thermometer, and
keep the water at 130. I keep a pail of
cold water handy to cool that in the
scalding pail if it gets too hot. Kill the
chicken by cutting off the neck hone just
back of the head, but not the skin. Hold
a minute while it bleeds, then put
into the water, souse up and down a few
times, try the feathers on the thigh, and
as soon as they start easily hang up
ayainst a wall or board so it will not
swing, and strip the feathers off. If
care is taken in having the water just
right they will not tear, and will look
much cleaner and plumper than any dry-
picked poultry can. If they arc to be
marketed with heads on, hold the head
and part of the neck out of the water,
as the hot water will turn the face and
comb purple, and they will not look so
well. Sometimes old hens have to he
scalded a little harder. I f any pin feathers
remain take a short, blunt -bladcd knife,
and pull them out with knife and thumb.
If many are to be dressed, have several
pickers, while one hand does the killing
and scalding. frf.d g. bishop.

Maine.

HEN NOTES FROM WHITE.
Treatment of Breeding Stock.

Would one-year-old liens fed this Winter a
balanced ration of corn, gluten, bran, oil
meal, cooked meat and potatoes, with man¬
gels and grit in plenty, and comfortably
boused, lie impaired for brooding purposes
in (lie Spring? M.v hens thus handled usually
lay well all Winter. Would progeny of such
hens lie lacking in vitality as a consequence ?
liens are made to exercise during Whiter.
Taking Into consideration soil Improvement
from growing beans, would they lie a profit¬
able crop to grow for poultry? If so, woat
variety would lie most prolific? My expe¬
rience with cooked beans fed on a small scale
has been very satisfactory, lias anyone ex¬
perimented with tills source of protein on
a large scale? i,. u. l*.

Chester Co., 1'a.

Instead of being detrimental or impair¬
ing the hens for breeding purposes, I think
the best of care is necessary all Winter,
and the fact that they lay only shows
their vigor and vitality. We never feed
stimulants or try to force egg production
from our old hens, but we do want them
to lay, and feed them the best we know
how on whole grain with very little hot
mash at noon. Beef scraps and green
cut bone not only tend to make eggs, but
make strong, vigorous birds, so we feed
one or the other regularly to till of our
stock. Ju the olden times our grand¬
mothers used to care for a few hens, and
they used to feed the table scraps with
lots of pepper and a little whole corn at
night, and although they used to have
a miserable place to roost, and we boys
used to drive them out of the wagon
house and off the hay mow, yet they used
to commence to lay in February, and
everybody was pleased and gave the credit
for the eggs to the pepper instead of the
fact it was the hens’ nature to commence
laying at this season.

Doubtless grandmother would have got
lots of eggs and made great success if she
had only a comfortable house for her
biddies to live in. While with our large
flocks it is out of the question to use trap
nests, yet we can watch the hens that lay
during the Winter and cull out the loaf¬
ers when we begin to select our breeders.
Everyone can get eggs in Spring and
Summer, but what we all are after is
eggs in Winter when the price is 45 cents
a dozen, instead of April and May, when
the price runs to 15 and is cents. The
question is can we get any closer to our
ideal by selection and breeding oidy from
the Winter layers? We believe we can,
and so, proving our faith by our works, wc
are giving our old hens the best of care
possible without coddling them. They

get lots of fresh air and good feed, and
we only want those strong enough to lay
and thrive all Winter. We do not expect
them to lay like the early pullets; in
fact, if we get 50 per cent of the eggs
we get from the pullets in the month of
December we are perfectly satisfied, and
4 know they are in good condition, paying
for their feed, and will be in fine shape for
breeding in the Spring., There is one
.thing most poultry men overlook when
feeding their hens, and that is palatability
of the food. One reason we are feeding
so many different kinds of grain is that
one hen will prefer corn, another wheat,
another oats or buckwheat, and now we
have added barley, as we had to cut out
some wheat on account of the expense.
1'he same is true of ground feed for the
mash. Wc have given up oil meal en¬
tirely, as we found the hens did not like
it, and no matter what its analysis is,
a feed is wasted if the hens dislike it.

We have not fed many beans, but what
experience we have had was very favor¬
able, and we feed hi 1 the beans we can
get, but have never raised them just for
hen food. I don't know why, unless be¬
cause we never thought of it; we certain¬
ly will try it the coming year, and can
tell something of more value about them
this time next Winter. FLOYi) q. white.

DISCOURAGING A HEN.

The propensity of spine hens to sit. In sea¬
son or out, on eggs, stones, door-knobs or any¬
thing Ilia! comes handy, Is one of the most
grievous nlllletlons of the poultry keeper. In
his interest is reprinted the description of a
“sum cure" discovered by a correspondent of
the Chicago Chronicle In l.esueur, Minnesota.
The cure consists of a cheap watch that ticks
loudly and clearly, and is enclosed In a white,
egg-shaped case. When a hen manifests a de¬
sire to sit at the wrong time, the poultryman
gently places under her tills bogus egg, and
l lie egg does the rest. Cheerfully It ticks
away. The hen soon begins to show signs of
uneasiness. She stirs I lie noisy egg with her
hill, thinking perhaps that It is already lime
for U to hatch, and the chicken in It wants
to get out. She grows more and more ner¬
vous as the noise keeps on, and finally she
Jumps off the nest; and runs round awhile, to
get cool. Generally she returns to her self
imposed duly; hut things got worse and worse
for her. Site wriggles about, and cackles, ruf
lies ’her feathers and looks wild, until at
last, with a frenzied squawk, she abandons the
nest for good and all. The fever of Incuba¬
tion is broken up completely. The l.esueur
poultryman declares that he lias never found
a hen that could stand the strain of tin* con¬
versation egg for more than three hours. In
much less time than that, as a rule, the hen
Is ready to return to her legitimate business.

A Grade Holstein. — The heifer shown
at Fig. 4 (page 3) is owned by P. E. and
J. H. Hawkins, Orange Co., N. Y. She is
20 months old. Notice the white on her
face forming the figure 7. No wonder she
is known as No. 7.

Separator'S

Only Bowl
With

Proper Bearing

All “bucket bowl” sep¬
arators liavo incorrect
bearings. The bowl is
set upon the spindle
nnd held upright by
rigid bearings. Such
bowls arc top heavy, in¬
clined to wobble, sure
to bind.

Tubulnr bowls, only,
ore properly sup¬
ported, being sus¬
pended from nnd
turning upon n single
ballbearing. A breath
almost turns them.
They cannot wobble or
bind. Catalog L-153 tells
all about them.

THIRTY DAYS* TRIAL

We Know What the Globe Incubator Will Do
and We Want You to Know.

The Globe Incubator's rec¬
ord In all regions and under
all conditions has establish¬
ed Us unquestioned superior¬
ity and leadership. If you
want the best incubator
you must get. the Globe.
Don’t take our word for this.
Let the machine prove our
claims. Pent anywhere on SO days' trial. If It
Isn’t, a success, send it back. The Globe— heat¬
ed by the latest Improved hot water pipe system,
perfectly ventilated, simple In construction, durable
and safe— hatches every fertile egg, and stronger,
healthier nnd more chicks to the looeggs than any
other Incubator.

Big money in ehiekens. Biggest money when
you use. a Globe Incubator. We prove all this.
Write today for catalogue und poultry Information.

C. C. Shoemaker, Box \VA 7, Freeport, Ill.

Try an

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
WastChestar, Pa.

tells how to make money

—How to raise young chicks
for early spring markets when
prices arc nigh. How to make
a profit on ducks. How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
K«*t an adequate return from
poultry? Wh y not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about Incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
1867, and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It Is free.

GEO. ERTELCO..
Quincy. Ill.

EASY and SURE PROFITS

...FROM T1IE...

Iowa ROUND Incubator.

Nimple to operate. Choapont In
find. Perfect heat regulation.
Lurgrnt per «ent batcher. Healthier
chicks. Thousands testify to the
hatching qualities of these machines.
“Ho Cold Corner*" Descriptive catalog FREE for asking.

IOWA INCUBATOR CO., 191 Locust St., Dos Moines, lows

OLD TRUSTY

40 DAYS

Guaranteed for Five Years,

It’slncubator Johnson’s pride-
He’s been through the mill.

Made 50,000 incubators and
t hen put out “Old Trusty.” It
took first rank first year. New
patents, great Improvements,
lie has things coming fast.

Johnson’s say is all in his big
Catalogue and Advice Book.

Send for a copy, it’s FREE.

M. ML Johnson Co., Clay Center, Nob.

Money Can’t Buy

A Better Incubator than the
OLD RELIABLE

SURE HATCH

Read the Reasons — Here ore Some

The Sure Hutch is built of straight grnined
California Redwood. the best, material known for
Incubators. California Redwood will not shrink
orHwoll, warp or crack -other woods will.

The Sure Hutch Water Heater has 13H square
Inches of heating an rfnee— others from 10 to 80
■q. In. Abundant heating

nurfaee ih absolutely
eHoonttal to econ¬
omy of operation.

The Sure lint' ll
Ventilator keeps
pure, warm air in
circulation among
the egga all the
time, cither "venti¬
lators ” eklm off the
air from top of ogg
chamber, leaving
egga surrounded
with foul air (carbon Io acid gas.)

The Sure Hatch Regulators are automatic and
keep the temperature at the proper degree. You
don t have to "stand guard" over the regulator to
be sure it regulates. Sure Hutch Egg Chambers
are asbestos lined.

The Sure Hutch sales have passed the Bd.lXX)
mark and are climbing upward rapidly. Tens of
thousands are making money with them, and so
can you if you will givo It a trial.

The Sure Hutch terms are exceptionally liberal
— (10 days trial, freight prepaid ea»t of Rocky
Mountains, and money hack if not satisfactory.

The Sure Hutch $100,000 Guarantee, good for
five ycors from date of purchase, is our own pledge
of good faith.

The Sure Hatch Catalogue of 190B Is now ready
and will he sent free on request. Write ut once.
Address olfloe nearest you.

BURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.

Box 440, Olay Center. Neb.; Box 1449, Indianapolis.

Standard Cyphers Incubators

are guaranteed to hatch more and healthier chicks with less oil and
less attention In your hands than any other, or your money hack. Ab¬
solutely automatic and self-regulating. Used and endorsed by 48 Gov¬
ernment Experiment Htatlons and by America's foremost poultrymen
Complete Catalogue and Poultry Guido, 218 pages (8x11,1 more than MX)
•^illustrations. FREE, i f you send add cesses of two neighbors who keep
good poultry and mention this paper. Address nearest office.

throughout ^-CyPH^s tNCUBATOR co..

STRICTLY

-AUTOMATIC

Facing the Feeding Problem

Is a question of results, just as in any other business, and there is a sure way to better results in feedine The
tanner who would best serve lus own interest must take into consideration the . . -

as an aid to rapid growth for all stages of development

the value of Dr. Hess vStock Food

DU HESS STOCK FOOD

eduction °f Ur' <»• D - D- V-«->- >*■ »««'» Ur. H—'

per pound in 100 lb. sacks, 25 lb. pail i$1.60. [ Except in Canada

Smaller quantities a little higher. Small dose. j WcsfanJsouth

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

Urmrmlirr, that from tlic 1st to tlxe lOth of each month, !>r. hen will fiii-nisli vetorlnarv n.lvlcc

SosoTwo*!? n? /, ’VI°" ", mention tills paper, state what stock you have, also what stock food you have fed, and i-a-
/rerserv°ce aU»ny tlme.y ' 1 y packag0 of L>r’ 1Ioss 8tock Foo(i there *» a RWle yellow card that entitles you n, this

stock f “ d you“have°u^0(LOOk Pre®’ if y°U WlU moutlon this PttPcr. «tate bow much stock you have and what kind of

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pun-a-ce-u and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Killt^Jce

i6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 7, 15)05.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

£5to 30 percent commissioi*

to get orders Tor our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. < HaKGKS PAID
For prompt attention addresH Mr. J. J. I).
care of

THK OKKAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. 0 Box 289, 31-33 Vevey St. .New York.

x :

Shaving ^
is not a ^
dreaded ^
job for the Q
man who 3
softens his s
beard with 3 !
the thickS*
creamy lather of 3 '

€ Williams'

1 Shaving Soap

There’s comfort in such shaving, and |
no itching or scratching but a satisfied i.
feeling when the job is done. C

"The only Soap fit for the face," 5

Sold Throughout the World.

Want to try it? We will gladly mail you a trial
tablet if you will send us a two cent stamp to
pay postage, and mention this paper.

1 THE J B. WILLIAMS CO.*?
Glastonbury, Conn. ^

SIZES

i to 13)4 feet

°ients
S Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast
:» steel and wrought iron

” — indestructible.

- - ■ — „ Catalog and booklet.

I deal Harrow" by

M1 - --- — _ _ — . _ shPI Henry Stewart sent free-

o s eiiver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, M Inneapolls, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

*^UANE H. NASH, Sole manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: UOW. Wa.hlngton St., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Av«. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 218 1 0th St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

I’LEASK MENTION THIS l'AI’EK.

BUGGIES MADE NEW

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE

A FENCE— NOT A NETTING.

Twisted wii-e cables and single wire
uprights, made fast by the “ Union
Lock” where they cross, make rectan¬
gular mesh, closely woven at the bot¬
tom to keep in small chickens, and a
fence that will not buckle, sag or
bulge, no matter what strain is put
upon it. Conforms to inequalities of
the ground without cutting. No top
rail or bottom boards required.

Heavily galvanized with Prime
Western Spe’ter, it outwears any other
fence we know.

' Costs no more, put up, than cheap
fence or netting.

Send for
Catalogue
D aid “A
Short Story
for Poultry
Raisers.”

This Trade-Mark In Colors appears on Every Boll.

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

MILLS AT

New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Iil. ; Oakland, Cal.

CHAIN

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THK
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

IT SAWS DOWN TREES

FARMERS, SAW YOUR OWN WOOD

with this Adjustable Rol¬
ler Saw Guide, which we
positively guarantee to be
the simplest, handiest, light¬
est and most durable wood
and log cutting outfit in¬
vented for one man over all
kinds of rough, broken, wood¬
land Write for full description and prices.

VERN SI’EIGLK & CO.. Delplios, Ohio.

Farmer’s Favorite
Feed Cooker

Is the model for cooking feed
and best adapted to water heat¬
ing, soap, apple butter and
6ugar making, etc.— a score of
Uses. It’s made to last. Weight
greater than any orber cooker
of same low price. Write to¬
day forcireular. Sent free on request.

L. R. Lewis, |2 Main St. Cortland, N.Y,

iRIPPLEYS COOKERS

i Recommended and used by |
j Wis., Iowa, Georgia and
I New Mexico Stato Kxperl- !
J nient Stations. Made of |
I Cast Iron and Heavy Steel.

I Last for years. Run dairy I
1 separators, cook feed, heat I
flHH hog and poultry houses, etc. 1
1 Heat water in tanks or cook

I feed 260 feet away. Little I
1 fuel noeded; burns coal, |
I coke, wood. Safe as a stove.

_ _____ * No flues to rust or leak or I

rfill with soot. Generates steam in twenty minutes. Boils a barrel
of water In 25 minutes. We manufacture the largest line of I
Oookers in America. Cooker and Breodera’ Supply catalog free. \
Rippley Hdw. Co. Mfrs., Box 223, Grafton, Ilia
JSMtcrn Agents: Johnson 6i Stokes ami Henry K. Mitchell Co., |
Philadelphia, l*a., Excelsior Wire 6c Poultry Supply
Company, New York City.

m

We will make to your order in
our factory and ship you immedi¬
ately, express prepaid, a hand¬
some and durable

New Buggy Top

in the very latest style. With this By
wc will send you also, free of nil Express
cost, enough high-gloss, high- PronalH
grade, quick-drying

Carriage Finishing Paint Free Trial.

to thoroughly paint the body,
running gear and shafts (or E™
pole), together with a Paint |

Brush and full directions and
material for removing the old
paint from your buggy and doing
the painting j'ob same as the car¬
riage painter does it. We make
all styles and sizes of buggy tops
and buggy trimmings in our own

RUBEROID

TRADEMARK REGISTERED

ROOFING

STANDARD FOR 14 YEARS

“A HAPPY NEW YEAR”

to all our friends

The Standard Paint Company

100 William St., New York

, mr CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLK FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. IT. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

Excelsior Swing Stanchion.

Warranted the best. 30 Days Trial.
Can bo returned at our expense
if not satisfactory.

The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60. CUBA, NEW YORK.

Our No. 26

wofRht rubber; lined

factory. Read the description of one of our high grade medium priced tops

ItuKKy Top, either 8 or 4 bows, as you select; is covered with beet ii 6 oz. full woigh _ _ _

with 6 oz. guaranteed all wool cloth (not union cloth) in head and stays and back curtain; welt
stitched in head lining, double buckram, double edged, padded back stays; top nicely padded; con¬
cealed joints between back bows; shifting rail and joints highly japanned; Bauer patent front
valance; stitched back valance; side curtains of heavy, excellent quality colored back rubber; back
curtain of rubber, cloth lined; curtain light and roll-up straps in back.

This top, sold direct to you from the factory at manufacturer’s price, quality and fit
guaranteed, you can put on your buggy in a jiffy without the least trouble.

Any carriage painter charges from 88.00 to 812.00 to paint your buggy. With our Free
Point and simple directions you can do the work just as nicely as any painter, and save all
his charges. The Free Paint is ready mixed and prepared, paint and varnish in one, giving
the buggy a hlrfh rfloss, durable, beautiful and lasting, and is easily applied by anyone.

YOUK CHOICE OF COLORS: All black, or black for body and either of the following popular
shades for running gear: Carriage Blue, Wine, Brewster Green, Vermilion, or Carmine. Paint
brush, sand-paper, full instructions and everything necessary— and paint sufficient for one first-class
job— sent free with your top, boxed in the crate, express paid.

We guarantee safe delivery of this top, paint and outfit, and ship it to you by express*
prepaid, if you live east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers. You pay express
or freight beyond this limit. Put the top on your buggyand use it on 30 DAYS’ FREE
TRIAL. If it is not the best bargain you ever saw, or if it fails to fit or suit for any
reason, send it back to us at our expense. This winter— now— is just the time to fix
up your old buggy like new, before spring work begins.

Send today for free color card, samples of linings (green, blue, ’and whip cord) and
rubber used in this top. We will also send you our new 1905 catalog of buggy tops, seats,
dashes, wheels, storm fronts, etc., the simple measurement instructions to insure a fit,
and give you bank references and our guaranty.

Write for Cleveland Top Co. Catalogue No. 6

THE UNITED FACTORIES CO. (E. D. Cray, Pres.,) Dept. A, Cleveland, O.

OLHS ENGINES

The Wizard Engine

I Is our latest improved 2 to 3 h. p.
engine — detachable water jacket
— jump spark ignition system
(same as in Oldsmobile) per¬
fect lubrication — no gaskets to
burn out.

Repairs Cost Practically Nothing

The cheapest to buy and mosteco- 8
nomical to operate and l|E
keep in order . Suitablef or |j
all kinds of work. Has
pumping jack outfit and
direct connected pump.

Get our prices and
Catalogue of 2 to 100
h. p. Olds Engines.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

27 chestnut St. Lansing, Mich.

MiBssssessmiissi

\_rr-~] a- -wiiMBMPiriminiiBB

-rimmwam -

,V MIH ftft, 4

•***»» 14 ..

-ri

"/)nu

mi

i

I

(■‘YAM

_ is— mmm ■

« » 4 LO,

1 •

Security For Your Live Stock

of every kind, and for your fields of growing crops, is what you want, and what you have a right to expect,
when you bu,y fence. A fence that a bull can break through or break down is not worth paying good money
for. You want weight in the fence you buy, weight enough to turn the heaviest Percheron or stop a “ devil
wagon.” Now, it is a fact-'-and you should know it — that, per running rod, you obtain the most weight in
wire that is given in any fence, in the celebrated

AMERICAN FENG

It is made on purpose to be the heaviest, most durable and lasting of any fence at any price. It is made and
sold in larger quantities than any other two fences in the world, solely on its merits.

The makers of AMERICAN FENCE own and operate their own iron mines and furnaces, their own wire
mills and six immense fence factories. Their product is the acknowledged

STANDARD OF THE WORLD

The method of marketing AMERICAN FENCES is most satisfactory to the purchaser. It is placed in the
hands of one responsible dealer in every city and town, where it can be seen, ‘‘ hefted ” and bought from
a man or concern that is known to you and who will give you a guarantee on every rod— a guarantee backed
up by the manufacturers, who are financially responsible and able and willing to “ make good.”

It will cost you only one cent, for a postal card, and the trouble of writing your name and request,
to obtain a valuable New 1909 Fence Book, suggesting sizes and styles for all your purposes about
the farm and dooryard. We will appreciate the opportunity of sending you this book, free on request.

AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE COMPANY, Dept. 40, Chicago, New York, Denver, San Francisco

NEW YORK, JANUARY 14, 1905.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2868.

*1 PER YEAR.

APPLE GROWING IN OREGON.

NATURAL ADVANTAGES AND HUMAN SKILL.

Official Packers are Responsible.

GROWING hOR EXPORT. — This year’s apple crop
for export purposes in Oregon amounts to about 750
carloads of 600 boxes each. These export apples are
largely grown in three different localities, embracing
all tbe different conditions of soil and variations
of climate which arc to be found in the State.
First in point of quantity is the Rogue River
Valley in extreme southern Oregon, next Grand
Ronde Valley in eastern Oregon, and least in quan¬
tity but first in quality Hood River Valley in north
central Oregon. It is of the latter I will speak particu¬
larly; I believe it is correct to say that there is not
another single locality in the United States where such
painstaking care is exercised in the growing of apples.
Splendidly situated in a small
valley right in the heart of the
Cascade Range of mountains,
at an elevation of from 300 to
2.500 feet, with a light but strong
soil, and plenty of rainfall in
Winter and early Summer, with
abundance of water easily ob¬
tained for irrigation in late
Summer just at the time when it
is needed to develop the high¬
est degree of coloring and in¬
sure a large size, the conditions
are almost ideal. P>ut there are
many thousands of acres else¬
where in the State where just as
fine apples are or can be grown,
and I want to make the point
very clear and emphatic that the
reason why “Hood River apples”
are the standard of excellence
wherever known is because the
growers have given the greatest
possible care to the production
and the marketing, and not to
the fact that nature has done
everything for them.

PLANTING AND CARE.—

Yearling trees are selected al¬
most invariably for planting, and
if possible they are planted in
the Fall, and spaced from 25 to
30 feet apart. The first two or
three years it is customary to
grow some kind of hoed crop,
like corn, beans or potatoes, be¬
tween the trees, but many large
growers just give clean culti¬
vation from the very first. The
trees are hoed around whenever necessary to keep down
weeds and retain moisture, and the ground stirred in
some manner at least once every 10 days during the
growing season. Some varieties of apples begin to
hear a little at three years, such ones as Jonathan or
Wagener, but of course there is not much of a crop
before the fifth or the sixth year. Spraying is prac¬
ticed from the very first, whenever there is any possi¬
ble need of it. We have about every pest known to the
apple grower, so that . spraying is necessary at very
short intervals. Among the most careful growers it is
customary to spray once or twice during the Winter
with the lime, sulphur, and salt for fungus and San
Jose scale, then with Bordeaux just before the blos¬
soms open for scab; just after the blossoms fall with
the Bordeaux and arsenite of soda combined for scab
and Codling moth, and then throughout the entire Sum¬
mer every two or three weeks for Codling moth, many
growers spraying as much as 10 pud 12 times per year.

The two most important sprayings for the moth are
considered to be the first, and the last, given just a
week or two before picking time. So thoroughly are
all these apples sprayed that it is necessary to wipe all
of them before packing.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. — The Hood River
Apple Growers’ Union is a model of its kind, and it
is to the careful business management given to its af¬
fairs that the fine prices received for this fruit are due.
The Union elects annually a board of directors and
a manager, and they in turn handle all the business.
A stringent set of rules is adopted, and members are
compelled to adhere strictly to them. No grower is
allowed to pack his own fruit, for it is well known that
no man under such circumstances can be depended upon
at all times to throw out absolutely all imperfect fruit.
The plan is to hire a certain number of skilled packers
and send them around to the different orchard pack¬

ing houses, and have them do all the packing under
orders from the manager. This avoids hauling the fruit
before it is packed, thus preventing any unnecessary
bruising. The grower is required to sort out most of
the imperfect fruit before the packers begin work; if
the packer has to sort out more than eight per cent
of the fruit he receives extra pay at the expense of the
grower. Each packer must stamp every box he packs
with his number, and in case of complaint of poor
packing he must repack for nothing, and if complaint
continues he is dropped from the list. He receives five
cents per box for all boxes containing 128 apples or
less, and six cents for all containing more than 128.
The packer records the number of apples in the box
in pencil on one end. Each packer is furnished meals
free by the grower, but he must look out for his own
bed. Only spring wagons are allowed for use in haul¬
ing, and a cover of some kind is required to keep off
sun and dust.

BOXING APPLES. — In boxing apples it has been
found practically impossible to fit all kinds and sizes
of apples into the same kind of box, so that two styles
are now used; one known as the standard is 18 inches
long, 11 J4 inches wide, and I0j4 inches deep, inside
measurement. 1 he other, known as the special size,
is 20 inches long, 11 inches wide and 10 inches deep
inside, each holding nearly the same, a little more than
one bushel. I he apples are all graded to an even size
when being sorted and wiped, and then in packing the
special box is generally used for the size that runs 128
per box, which means four apples wide, four deep and
eight long. With the 96 and 112 sizes the standard box
is better, being both wider and deeper. Different ap¬
ples, of course, require different arrangements of the
apple in the box, but the essential point is that there
shall be a uniform number of rows each way, and that
the box shall be full, so that there is no possible chance

for the apples to rattle about.
The tops and bottoms of the
boxes are made of material
thin enough to bend readily, and
the largest apples are placed in
the center of the box, so that
when the lids are nailed on
there is a swell of about three-
fourths of an inch. This in¬
sures a tight pack. The box is
then placed on its side in haul¬
ing and shipping. Fig. 13, page
19, shows apples in boxes. These
apples are all thinned by hand
in June and July of each year,
the rule being never to leave
two - apples where they will
touch, and to have them spaced
not less than four inches apart
on the twigs. It is sometimes
necessary, this being a country
of almost rainless Summers, to
add a little water along in Au¬
gust and September. So mag¬
nificently colored are these ap¬
ples, owing to the combination
of a soil rich in potash, bright
sunshine and plenty of water,
and so carefully are they sprayed
and packed, that this year the
Spitzenburgs sold at the record-
breaking price of $2.10 to $2.25
per bushel box packed and de¬
livered at the shipping station ;
Yellow Newtowns at $1.75 and
Baldwins and Kings at $1.

EASTERN AND WEST¬
ERN APPLES. — There is a pe¬
culiar feature in the apple mar¬
ket this season; these fancy Spitzenburgs all go to
New York city market, where they sell at from $3.50 to
$4 per box, while at the same time thousands of barrels
of Baldwins are being shipped from western New York
into the California markets, completely underselling
us. It is surely good business for the railroads at
least. It has always seemed a little strange to the
western fruit grower that the barrel is such a favorite
package in the East. One can readily understand that
long-established custom is responsible for much of its
continued use, but it does seem that the trade should be
quicker to see the advantage of the box for the fancy
trade, and even for all but the cheapest trade. The
extra cost is trifling, while the extra price received
is considerable, and there is no comparison at all in
the convenience of the two packages. In conclusion, I
wish to say to all apple growers : Study to find the
two or three best apples for your vicinity, and then
grow them in quantity sufficient to make it an object

WOLF RIVER APPLE, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 9.

i8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 14,

✓r buyers to seek you ; then spray, thin, prune and
cultivate as thoroughly and intelligently as do the apple
growers of flood River, and other points in Oregon,
and you will have little cause to complain of bitter
competition, or that Nature has done more for other
localities than for yours. w. k. newell.

PROTECTING YOUNG TREES.

Contributory to the discussion on the prevention of
injury to trees by rabbits and mice, I will suggest the

HEADS! WILL WE WIN? Fio. 10.

following method: 'fake strips of cloth (worn-out
linen or calico would be as good as, if not better, than
new cloth), the strips to be long enough to reach as
far up the tree as is desirable, and wide enough to
reach around the tree and allow for a good lap. This
cloth should be saturated with a thick solution of lime
(whitewash), or if lime is deemed injurious in contact
with the bark then the cloth should be saturated with
a thin starch solution. Wrap the saturated cloth about
the tree and when dry apply a thick coating of lime
in the form of whitewash. The soil should be dug
away from the base of the tree for two to three inches
in order that the cloth may be applied below the region
affected by mice and borers. The cloth should be ap¬
plied in the Fall and allowed to remain late enough
in the following Spring or Summer to protect the trees
from the danger of being stung by the insect produc¬
ing the borer. This application has the advantage of
protecting the trees from borers as well as mice and
rabbits. If the cloth is applied low as advised it will
not be necessary to remove mulch, as mice will hardly
attack trees through this protection. This method has
the advantage of being economical both as to money and
time. I used a plan similar to this most effectually
when I was a boy on the farm. e. a. d.

Newfoundland, N. J.

I see that there are still some persons making in¬
quiries for a sure remedy that will prevent rabbits
from barking young trees. 1 will give my remedy,
which has proved successful after many years’ trial. Tt
will also keep out borers and repel all other insects
which are injurious to trees. Take one pound of whale-
oil soap and boil it in one gallon of water till it is
thoroughly dissolved, then add one pint of tobacco
dust and one-half pound of sulphur. Boil again for
about 20 minutes, keeping the mixture well stirred
while boiling. Add hot water enough to make one
gallon when done. Put it on the trees with a paint
brush. The above amount will paint about 200 trees
the size of a broomstick. One application is generally
sufficient, but if the Winter is a very rainy one it may
require two applications. It is a sure thing. T. j. w.

St. Mary’s, Ind. __________

BUSINESS OF AN AMERICAN FARMER.

Below will be found statements of income and expense
from several farmers. This is part of an investigation we
have started io learn how much money the average farmer
handles during the year. We selected a number of names
at. random, mostly among those who wrote the essays on
“Why I Take Tite R. N.-Y.” Other estimates will be printed
from time to time.

A Connecticut Tobacco Grower.

Forty acres is the extent of the farm, tobacco the
principal crop. This year I had 2/ acres of tobacco,
and have sold it for 20 cents per pound, but it is only
half ready to deliver at this date. Probably it will
weigh 4,800 pounds. Tobacco, $900 ; cream, four cows,
$180 ; poultry, $100; one-half acre potatoes, $75; corn,
200 bushels, $75; pork, two pigs, $40; total, $1,400.
Expenses: Fertilizers, $150; hired help, $200; cost of
pork, $20; taxes, $09; living expenses (two), $000;
total, $709. Income, $1,400; expenses, $709; balance,
$721. 1'he above is for this year, as far as 1 can guess.
Last year my tobacco came to only $100 for three acres,
and all other receipts and expenses about the same.
Two years ago two acres came to $070. You ask a hard
question about the average income from farms around
here. One man will raise two acres of tobacco, another
five to 10. One man will keep two cows, another seven
or eight. Some raise stock and tobacco, with other
produce, and work out what chance they get. d'here
is hardly a farmer but what makes a good living, but
I suspect one-half of them do not get ahead very much,

taking all years together. I know the merchants hold a
good many mortgages, and I know most of the people
are reticent about money matters. One object may be
to keep their taxes down. d. o.

An Illinois Renter's Figures.

I am a renter, paying one-third of the corn and one-
half of the wheat, both delivered at town about 2)4
miles distant, The land owner furnishes the seed wheat
and pays one-half of thrasherman’s bill. For the
year 1903, which perhaps shows about an average con¬
dition, we had 88 acres of corn and 60 acres of wheat,
expense on which I find to be: Labor (including my
own, figured at average cost), $517.34, our one-half
of thrasherman’s bill, $25.60, and binder twine, $21.87 ;
total, $564.81. We received for our part (one-half)
the wheat, $554.08, and for our two-thirds the corn
$1,068.42; total, $1,622.50. Balance, $1,057.69. For the
depreciation in value of machinery and for expense of
horses I cannot give figures so accurately. R. o.

A One-Horse North Carolina Farmer.

As this year’s operations are not yet completed, T will
give you figures from last year’s record. I find that
total sales for 1903 amounted to $810.75; besides this
we had our bread and pork, poultry and all the vege¬
tables and fruits we wanted for consumption by family
of seven, besides plenty of milk and butter. I keep only
one horse (a first-class one, though), two cows and
usually four hogs. I cultivate about 25 acres of land;
grow about one acre of early cabbage, and about four
acres in tobacco; one acre potatoes; six acres corn; 10
acres wheat, rye and oats. We have plenty of grapes
from July 4 to November 1, closing with the Scupper-
tiong, the finest of all grapes. My farming compares
favorably with the ordinary two-horse farms in this
section. R. m. a.

A Mississippi Farmer’s Showing.

Below is estimate of cash income for past year:
Butter. 1.800 pounds, at 25 cents, $450; sour milk, $180;

NEW POTATO, NOROTON BEAUTY. Fig. 11.

See Ruralisms, rage 22.

strawberries, $50; honey, $5; blackberries, $2; rasp¬

berries, $40; peaches, $18.70; plums, $22.45; grapes,
$50; vinegar, $10; melons, $9.18; sweet wine,
$20; chili sauce, $8; vegetables, $16.55; one hog,

$20; goats, $33; veals, $10; one mule, $75; one

horse, $75; chickens and eggs (about), $15; total,
$1,109.88. I have 140 acres in pasture and cul¬

tivation, mostly in pasture. My neighbors’ income
is from 4 to 20 bales of cotton, work from 25 to 200
acres of land. They have sold just enough to pay
their debts. They are holding more or less cotton, ex¬
pecting higher prices. This is the first year since I
have been here (11 years) that very many could hold
their cotton. We had good cotton and corn crop, and
this part of the country is in better shape than it has
been for years. w. o. P.

Cotton and Corn in Texas.

A fairly accurate shownng of what the figures should
represent as the average income from my farm in one
year, of crops grown and the number of acres in culti¬
vation, is as follows: Cotton, 35 acres; 15 bales of
500 pounds each at eight cents, $600. Corn, 35 acres ;
525 bushels at 30 cents, $157. Sorghum hay, six acres;
15 tons at $5, $75. Oats, 10 acres; 15 tons (used as
hay), at $7, $105. Other crops, consisting of peas,
melons, cushaws, potatoes and garden, four acres, $65.
Total number of acres in cultivation, 90; total value of
crops, $1,002. The number of acres assigned to each of
these crops varies according to circumstances, and
the figures showing production and cash income have
not been approached since 1900 by fully 70 per cent,
the cause being boll weevil, climatic conditions, and
resulting feeling of discouragement. The conditions
this year have lent some encouragement to the future.
I live in a community of small farmers. My neighbors
are doing but little better than myself, excepting in a

few instances, and this owing to a peculiarity in the
working of the boll weevil. The stock I handle have
not yet proven profitable, and would not perhaps affect
the above figures either way. d. m. r.

A Massachusetts Man’s Grain Bill.

I cannot give absolutely accurate figures, but the
average income from my farm is about as follows :
Butter, $300; eggs, $115; calves, $40; poultry, $65; pork,
$10; garden truck, $15; blueberries, $60; potatoes, $200;
total, $805. Besides this our family, five to seven in
number, is supplied with vegetables, milk, butter, pork
and poultry. My home place consists of 65 acres, mow¬
ing or tillage, pasturage and woodland. I also hire for
a term of years 27 acres additional from which I cut
two or three tons of hay and pasture the rest. Some¬
times I receive more than the foregoing estimate, and
sometimes less, but I think I have given a fair average.
My neighbors are not receiving as much, and they are
not paying out nearly as much for grain as I do (I
could get rich, and so could lots of eastern farmers,
if it were not for the grain bill), preferring to sell hay
rather than get it through buying grain and fertilizer.
It costs me nearly a dollar a day for grain, and I paid
over $68 for chemicals for 1904. But I have this satis¬
faction : My farm grows better right along, while many
are growing poorer. Some farms here are devoted to
making milk; these farms improve year by year, and
the owners seem to make a fair living. N.

A Colorado Man Talks Up.

My farm consists of 80 acres, 45 only being under the
ditch, and three five-acre lots about two miles from the
home place, making a total of 60 acres irrigated land;
15 acres peas, making 49,956.9 pounds of green peas, at
$1.75 per 100 pounds, $874.25; 17 acres, wheat, 786 bush¬
els, at $1.70 per 100 pounds, $786; between 11 and 12
acres potatoes, about 1,600 sacks, estimated, $800; be¬
tween five and six acres beets, about 136 tons, $680;
total, $140.29. The remainder is in oats and Alfalfa;
will furnish feed for the stock and teams for the year,
making a total cash income from the 60 acres of
$3,140.25, or over $52 per acre. On the .35 acres above
the ditch I had eight acres Winter wheat, making 120
bushels, worth $120, the remainder being used for the
buildings, corrals and pasture for the stock and teams
when not in use. I also sold three cows for $110, and
one fat pig for $12, but it would be hardly fair to credit
the year’s income with the three cows; I think I aver¬
age to sell one a year. We raised all the cher#cs and
peaches we needed, and a surplus of plums and apples.
This surplus, together with sales of butter and eggs,
will go a long way toward paying our grocery bill for
the year. My principal expenses for the year are as fal¬
lows: Peas for seed, $99.38; extra help hoeing weeds,
about $40; beet seed, $13.95; help for harvesting peas,
$30; thrashing, $54.27; help harvesting beets, $45; dig¬
ging potatoes, $137; taxes, about $110; sacks, $70;
ditch assessments, $50; man for season, $209; total,
$858.60. Twine, repairs, improvements, etc., would
bring the total to between $900 and $1,000, perhaps
pretty close up to the latter figure. The potatoes are
estimated at about what they would bring on the mar¬
ket now, whether I get more or less for them remains
to be seen. Wheat prices are from 20 to 25 per cent
more than the average, and potato prices from 50 to 100
per cent less. Beets and peas are raised by contract.
While this estimate may be more than the average large
farmer receives per acre, yet I think anyone with proper
rotation and intensive cultivation could easily exceed it.

Colorado. _ g. d. rider.

ROGERS HYBRID GRAPES.

Will you Rive me the name of Rogers No. 30 grape (seed¬
ling of E. S. Rogers, Salem, Mass.)? Ilis seedling grapes
were each given a number and name. J. s. c.

Malden, Mass.

The numbered varieties of Rogers hybrid grapes now
listed in various catalogues are No. 1, Goethe; No. 2,
Massasoit; No. 4, Wilder; No. 9, Lindley; No. 14,
Gaertner; No. 15, Agawam; No. 19, Merrimac; No. 22,
Salem; No. 28, Requa; No. 33, Amina; No. 41, Essex;
No. 43, Barry; No. 44, Herbert. We have never heard
the name, if any, applied to Rogers No. 30. Apparently
some of these numbered seedlings were not named. If
any of our readers can supply the missing name we
shall be glad to publish the information. J. S. C. gives

TAILS WE LOSE! Fig. 12.

us later the following interesting note concerning the
Salem grape (Rogers No. 22) :

“From what I have been able to learn of Mr. E. S.
Rogers’s grapes, I think he put out the different varie¬
ties, 13 of them, with number and names, 11 with num¬
bers only. He started out a few vines under the num¬
ber 22; after that, with the advice of John M. Tves,
of Salem (Mr. Ives being one of the leading horti¬
culturists of that day, and one of the charter members
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society), he called
it the Salem, and renumbered it 53. I have that infor¬
mation over his own signature.”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A WOMAN’S FARM NOTES.

A Lesson in Farm Bookkeeping.

A PIG TALE. — The story of our hog experiment is
at last completed, and we promise ourselves never to
keep hogs again. We embarked on the enterprise in
some haste, for our sale for skim-milk stopped suddenly
and without warning. We had visions of skim-milk in
all stages of sourness piling up by the harrelful, and
we felt that something must be done quickly. So we
bought pigs, and then bought more pigs, till we had
seven. They were quite good-sized pigs, and we got
them about the first of April. We had read about the
large profits in feeding skim-milk to pigs, and one of
our neighbors had told us the year before that pigs
would he far more profitable than veal calves. We
fenced in a piece of rough pasture land with slabs, and
it was here that we made our first mistake — after the
one of buying the pigs. We did not realize how
strong those innocent-looking creatures would become,
and we did not make the pen strong enough. The re¬
sult was that all through the Summer and Fall those
pigs furnished exercise and diversion for the whole
family. Whenever things were particularly strenuous
and everyone was working at high pressure, those pigs
would come trotting up the lane with an air of cheer¬
ful interest in everything, and all hands would have to
stop work and round up the strays and repair the pen.
Fortunately the pigs were tame, and a little corn would
induce them to return to their quarters without much
trouble. This shows the advantage of training pigs
to “eat from the hand,” for a nervous, timid pig is
a very hard animal to drive, and the task requires great
patience and diplomacy. “The pigs are out !” was the
cry every few days, and we got them in at all hours
of the day and night.

FEEDING AND FATTENING. — Time went on and
the pigs grew. They enjoyed the skim-milk, and they
broke up land to such an extent that their pen had to
be enlarged. They would have cleared half an acre
easily if they had been managed right,
but we could not spend the time to make
the changes in the pen. We did not
feed heavily at first, and did not have
any concern about feed bills till we be¬
gan to fatten the shotes. Then our
troubles began. It was at about this
time that public sentiment seemed to
change. No one said anything about
the vast profits in swine. One neighbor
said of us: “I could have told ’em, if
they’d asked me, that there wa’n’t no
money in hogs.” Another man told of
his own experience, and said he had no
use for hogs. People began to ask, in a
commiserating way, if we thought we’d
make much on our hogs. My answer
was that that was just what we were
trying to find out. Naturally we be¬
gan to be a little concerned. Worse
yet, the pigs themselves did not seem to co-operate
as they should have done. We found they were eat¬
ing gravel. They delved industriously, and they played
tag when they got tired of working. The pen was
long, and the pigs would race from one end to the
other and then back again. They should by rights
have gone on the race track, or become “greased” pigs.
They would have distinguished themselves in some
such career, for they were wonderfully quick and light
on the foot. Something had to be done, so the two
largest ones were penned off in restricted quarters and
fed heavily. They could not race, so they took to
digging artesian wells — and continued to eat gravel.
Finally they became more sedentary in their habits, and
began to lay on flesh, and the last day of October the
largest one was killed. He dres-ed 163 pounds. This
was better than we had dared to hope for. Still, the
others had growing appetities, and a bag of meal every
second or third day was rather appalling.

SELLING THE PORK.— We did not want to sell
the pork to the marketmen, as we wanted a higher
price for it. So I visited some of my old cream cus¬
tomers — and many others — and sold half hogs to private
families. I have sold everything the farm produces,
from peaches and cream to cord wood and cedar posts,
and now 1 became known as “the lady who has the
hogs.” The pork gave satisfaction, one family taking
three halves. Four of the hogs brought nine cents
a pound, and three brought eight. Toward the latter
part of the time our feelings fluctuated between hope
and fear. Would we get out of it whole, or
would we lose money? The last pork was sold
the first of December, and we went to figuring.
Here is the result: The pork sold for $88. 2S. Now, if
we had not kept accounts we would have thought we
had done quite well, and would have laid plans for
next year to raise twice as many. But we kept ac¬
counts — I am a little inclined to harp on this subject-
arid this is what they showed : First cost of pivs, $25 ;
grain, $44.16; killing and delivering, $10.50; total,

$79.66. A profit of $8.62 was not so bad as it might
have been. But was it profit? Oh, no! Not by any
means. 1 did not charge the price of the slabs to
the expense account, as they can still he used for kin¬
dlings, but there was the time spent building the pen.
Then there was the skim-milk, two or three eight-quart
cans a day from April to October, with a considerable
•amount of clover, corn fodder, small potatoes and
refuse. The $8.62 would have to be stretched pretty
thin to cover these things. So it is easy to see that
while we did not actually lose money, we practically
gave the pigs the skim-milk, and did all the work of
feeding and caring for them for nothing, with the
pleasures of the chase thrown in for good measure. I
forgot to mention that our pen was situated at some
distance from the house. It was out of smelling range,
but it necessitated miles and miles of travel during the
whole season.

POINTS FROM EXPERIENCE.— Doubtless hogs
can be profitably kept in some places, but l doubt if
this farm is one of the places. If I were obliged
to keep hogs again, I should do some things differ¬
ently. I should get purebred stock — no long-nosed,
razor-backed racers for me. I should invent some
kind of movable pen. I should begin to fatten
early, and sell just as soon as possible; this for
two reasons: The pork would bring a higher price;
and just as soon as cold weather comes on, unless
the hogs are kept in a warm place, a good share of the
grain ration goes to maintain animal heat. We did not
have a warm place for ours, so the last four fell far
below the others in weight. The first three, sold
before cold weather, weighed 163, 161, and 160

pounds, and if the weather had remained mild, or the
hogs had been warmly housed, I sec no reason why
the last four should not have done as well.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

R. N.-Y. — From our own experience — and the looks
of the pigs — we should say that Miss Robbins did not

have the right kind of stock for such feeding, and that
she held them too long. A low-down chunky pig makes
the best feeder with us, and we do not want to keep
them after they will dress 125 pounds. We would
prefer to sell them at 100 pounds.

THE WOLF RIMER APPLE.

Fine Variety for Exhibition.

No doubt there are many visitors at the fairs who are
attracted by the very fine show made by a variety of
apple which is very large, flat in shape and brilliantly
striped with red over a whitish ground. It usually
catches the eye more than anything else seen in the
apple display. This is the Wolf River. Many years
ago a friend of mine, and an enthusiastic fruit grower,
Mr. W. A. Springer, of Waupaca, Wisconsin, found
a seedling apple tree growing not far from his place and
near the Wolf River. Unlike most of the apple trees
planted in that cold region, this chance seedling re¬
mained uninjured by the severity of the Winters. It
bore well, and the fruit was large, attractive and well
flavored. It was shown at the meetings of the Wiscon¬
sin Horticultural Society, and then at the great fruit
show of the American Horticultural Society at the
New Orleans Exposition, in 1884-5. This introduced
the variety to the country, and it has been gradually
spreading ever since, until now it is grown in every part
of North America where apples will grow, and in many
foreign countries. From the almost Arctic regions of
Minnesota and Nova Scotia to Texas and Georgia this
apple succeeds. It is not suitable for growing in a
commercial way, except in the very cold sections of the
country, but as an amateur or fancy show apple it is
well worth growing. While there are some varieties that
produce larger specimens, it is one of the very large
apples, and its pink and carmine stripes and splashes
over an ivory-like ground makes it one of the most
beautiful of all apples. At the recent fruit show at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition it surpassed all other
varieties in attractiveness. Alexander closely resembles

i9

it, but is rarely so large or beautifully colored, and
is not so hardy in tree. Those who would like to beat
their neighbors in growing big, handsome apples and
have something suitable for kitchen use at the same
time will do well to plant a tree or two of the Wolf
River. h. e. van deman.

A NORTH CAROLINA SPECIMEN.— The speci¬
men of Wolf River apple from which the first-page pic¬
ture was made was grown by W. S. Smathers, Haywood
Co., N. C.. Mr. Smathers has this to say about the
apple: “The trees are 10 years old. The first three
years I grew tobacco on the land, using fertilizer; have
not used any since. I used special guano after wheat,
then Red clover two years, followed by corn and wheat
every third year. The land is now in clover. I did
not thin out the fruit; one-fourth of apples would
average as large as the ones sent you. The trees were
overbearing this year. Two years ago I grew one
apple that weighed two pounds, measured 16 2-3
inches. Trees are on mountain land lying toward south¬
east; soil loamy with clay subsoil; part of land very
rocky, and I made rock walls below trees. They seem
to be most vigorous.”

CHINCH BUGS AND SHEEP.

Wheat or Rye for Pasture.

1 have been interested in John M. Jamison's articles
about pasturing wheat and rye with sheep, lambs and
pigs, and I would like him to tell what he does with
his crop of chinch bugs. With us a crop of rye
Is one of the worst harbors and breeding places for chinch
bugs; so much so that very few people sow it. u. j. sr.

Clay County, Ind.

It has been some time since B. J. M. has read one of
my articles on pasturing rye, and he has also concluded
that I pasture wheat. This I have never done, and can¬
not do it, because I have none. As to what I do with
chinch bugs, I never have had any to amount to any¬
thing; consequently 1 cannot advise him from experi¬
ence. But 1 think l could get away with them. If I am
correctly informed, they must have a
place to harbor, or hide, allowing their
, numbers to accumulate, for a time, before
they can do serious injury. If crops are
carried regularly in rotation, corn, clover
and rye, and a sufficient number of sheep
and other stock are kept to consume the
pasture, and keep the fence rows clean,
the chinch bugs will have no chance to
accumulate and do damage. But if a
man’s neighbors arc grain farmers, and
their fence rows never are clean, then
he has a chance for trouble. In pastur¬
ing rye in the early Spring, and on up
to the jointing time, with sheep, as I
remember, the Blue grass in the fence is
shaved close and clean, and the prospec¬
tive chinch bug eaten or tramped out of
existence. But if they accumulate be¬
tween pasturing time and harvest, or
after harvest, they would certainly stand little chance in
a crop where there was sufficient forage to induce sheep
to travel. It is a well-known fact that what sheep do
not eat they will — in time — tramp down on the ground ;
this, on account of the fact that they are constantly on
the move, as they feed on the pasture. This is a grain
and stock farming section, most of the crops grown being
fed out on the farm. The chinch bug has never done
any serious damage, nor do I think there is any danger
as long as this system of farming is carried on, or in
any other section where farming is done in the same
way. A neighbor who had some trouble with them on
a purchased farm that had been grained more than
stocked coincides with me in the belief that a short and
regular rotation of crops is a great preventive. At any
rate, before I would abandon rye I would give the sheep
and other stock a chance to have it out with them, not
fearing but that in the end the bugs would disappear.
Still, if all my neighbors propagated chinch bugs, the
circumstances would be decidedly different. In that
case I might have a long, tedious fight on my hands, with
very little in the shape of success to show for it.

Ohio. JOHN M. JAMISON.

PEAFOWL AND POTA TO BUGS.— We have never
noticed any birds eating Potato bugs but our pea¬
fowls. For a number of years we had noticed that in
patches near the house we were not troubled with
Potato bugs. We did not trace it to the peafowls un¬
til the Summer of 1902, when our man chanced to go
past our potato patch early in the morning, when he
saw the flock of peafowls taking the patch by rows and
clearing all completely. The Summer of 1903 the po¬
tatoes were farther from the house, and when the bugs
commenced destroying the vines we drove our peafowls
to the patch, and there was no more complaint of the
depredations of the burrs. A patch that was beyond the
sugar camp was completely taken by them this year be¬
fore we knew of it. Those near the house were not
disturbed. f. c.

Frederickstown, O.

OREGON APPLES PACKED IN BOXES. Fig. 13.

20

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 14,

GREENHOUSE NOTES.

Rose Cuttings. — The best rose cuttings
are made from young shoots from which
the flower has recently been cut, a proper
cutting being made either of two or three
joints in length, according to whether one
has an abundance of material or not. Re¬
move the lower leaf from the rose cutting,
then cut off the base with a sharp knife
just below the lower joint, and plant in
the sand in the same manner as the carna¬
tions, but giving a little more space to the
rose cuttings on account of the larger
leaves; also keeping them slightly warmer.

Easter Lilies will not demand hard
forcing this season in order to get them in
(lower on time, for Easter comes on
quite a late date in 1905, April 23 being
the appointed time for that festival, and so
late an Easter is quite liable to find warm
weather, and to give the florists some
trouble in holding back some of their
flowering plants. A night temperature
of GO degrees and plenty of fresh air
whenever the weather will permit are
among the chief essentials in the culture
of Easter lilies, and at this season they
do not require much water overhead, but
enough at the root to keep the soil always
moist. The most likely insect to attack
these plants is the common green aphis
or plant louse, and this may be removed
or prevented by fumigating with tobacco
or with cue of the nicotine preparations
once a week, or by syringing with tobacco
water. Great care is needed in watering
and syringing at this treacherous season,
for while strong firing at night will dry
out the houses, yet the sky :? so fre¬
quently overcast that one must water early
in the day in order to get the foliage
dried off before night. w. H. T.

Reseeding to Alfalfa.

C. I. 11. , Hunt, X. Y. — I have a seven-acre
field that grew corn in 1902, beaus 1903, pre¬
pared nicely and sown to Alfalfa last Spring.
1 used culture from Department of Agricul¬
ture. The Alfalfa grew nicei.v till about
eight inches high, when it was clipped This
checked growth until about September, wnen
it grew from the bottom and looked well, but
after first frost it began to get less and less,
until I could find none on more than half of
piece. Can I sow to Medium and Alsike
clover, and cut crop first season? What
would you advise about Alfalfa again?

Ans. — Wc believe you will find much
of the Alfalfa alive in Spring. If the
crown is alive it will come through. We
should wait until it is evident that the
Alfalfa is killed out, and then work up
the field and seed to Alfalfa again. It
will be more likely to thrive on a field
vhcre it has made even a partial growth.
The crop is so valuable that it will pay you
to seed again and again if necessary, and
we would keep at the same piece of
ground.

Nitrogen Necessary; How to Use It.

.4. 8. R., Fort Wayne, Ind. — Please inform
me as to use of nitrate of soda. Some tell me
that although the soil may need nitrogen,
by applying it no good will come if phos¬
phoric is wanting, or potash, or both. I also
wish to know how to apply it on my straw¬
berry beds that were set last Spring to
fruit next season for best results. May I mix
it with dry muck or garden soil first, or how,
as I know if applied clear after the mulch
is removed in early Spring it would kill my
plants?

Ans. — Those who tell you that both
potash and phosphoric acid are needed
with the nitrogen are right. You cannot
raise profitable fruit unless all three ele¬
ments are within reach of the plant. You
cannot make up for a lack of the others
by using large quantities of nitrate of soda.
That supplies only one useful element —
nitrogen. It seems necessary to keep
talking about this all the time. To use
an illustration which we have given be¬
fore, a man must be supplied with food,
water and fresh air in order to live and
work. If we shut him up in an air-tight
room with all the water and food he
needs lie will surely die in time, for
neither food nor water can take the place
of air. Some might say that this proves
that air is the necessary element. Put
the man off in a desert with bread and
meat, and he would in time die of thirst,
or anchor his boat in some fresh water

lake without food, and he would starve.
All these necessary things must be pro¬
vided together — one cannot take the place
of another. It is just the same with feed¬
ing our plants — the three different ele¬
ments must be supplied, or our plants can¬
not thrive. Some farmers use nitrate of
soda alone and obtain a quick, rank growth.
They think that shows nothing but ni¬
trate is needed, but unless the soil is nat¬
urally rich in potash and phosphoric acid
the growth will not be satisfactory The
first principle of using fertilizer is to make
sure that all three elements are supplied
in good quantity. You can broadcast the
nitrate early in Spring, just before the
plants start growing, or scatter it right
over the mulch. It will dissolve and find
its way to the ground. It is safer to
mix it with dry soil or muck. We either
scatter it on top of the mulch or push the
mulch back and scatter the nitrate along
the rows about 10 inches from the plants.
Our strawberries are grown in hills or
narrow rows. In matted beds we should
scatter the nitrate on top of the mulch
earlv in the Spring.

Pumping from Deep Well.

Mill The It. N.-Y. help a Pennsylvania
subscriber on (he following problem : A six-
inch well is bored through the rock 200 feet;
the water rises 70 feet from the bottom,
leaving 130 feet to raise water. Is there a
pump that will lift water from that depth
that is not too hard to work by hand?

Pennsylvania. 0. h.

Five different pump manufacturers inform
us that they make special pumps for use in
deep wells, which will lift water by hand
power for 130 feet. It will be hard work,
however, and a slow stream.

Kainit for Corn.

Is German kainit good for a corn crop,
and how shall I apply it? How much per
acre? How much potash does it contain per
100 pounds. lt- W- B

Orange C\ II., Va.

Kainit is good for a corn crop provided the
soil needs potash. There is no other plant
food in the kainit. On some muck lands the
kainit gives good crops, having a good effect
on the soil. You should use at least 500
pounds per acre. We prefer to scatter it
along the rows and harrow or cultivate it
in. An average sample of kainit contains
12 per cent of potash. .

Turning Under Cow Peas.

How can tail cow peas best he plowed in?
I find little difficulty in turning them under
with a chain attached to plow when 12 to
IS inches tall, but when four to five feet as
they were this year, the attempt is unsatis¬
factory. ,i. x, B

Tyngsboro, Mass.

Many farmers use a sharp wheel coulter
fastened to the beam ahead of the plow
This cuts or slices off the vines as the plow
runs along, so that the furrow is turned over
upon the cut slice. This generally works
satisfactorily, and is much better than a
chain. The reversible disk plow does a fair
job in turning under the vines, but does
not leave them as well covered as the rolling
coulter and turning plow.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

HYDRATED LIME

To mix with KEROSENE. Sure Death to
SAN JOSE SCALE. For Few Trees or Large
Orchards. Free circular explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OIL SOAF*.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
CPPAYiNR R P A R for Power Sprayers. OtherOr-
OrnHIIIlU OIHll) chard Necessities. Write for
catalogue and prices. W. H. OWEN, Port Clinton, O.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID RORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

—I

» Nursery Row

at Harrison’s Nurseries where
an apple tree climate and right
methods of propagating com¬
bine to produce the best, there
Stand over

500,000 APPLE TREES.

When aug for planting they will show up the best
rooted, strongest growing, smoothest trees in the
world. Every kind for summor, fall and winter,
over a hundred varieties. If you’d plant trees that
are full of life and bred to bear, send for Harrison’s
catalog. It’s our only sales agent. Trees guaran-
teedunderour packingtocomein the pink of con¬
dition to any point in the United States. Also large
stock of peach, cherry and pear trees, strawberries,
grapes, etc.

HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 29. Berlin, Md.

Vl.llll. . I ■ II — . ini#

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Goid
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Kamrlen,
Drawer 1044- I, Rochester* N.lf.

Established 18U h

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000. to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
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best. Write for new 190o Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

mi

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All new and standard varieties of Apple,
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u, _ WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

- W Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mieh.

5,000,000 Strawberry Plants, all of the best old and
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mlinnPRN WAY— Wonderful Crops of Straw-
ItlULJLnn IT Ml berries: how to retain the

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Fresh Apple Seed.

Crop 1904. Warranted to grow: $10 per single bushel
f. o. b. Large orders at reduced rates.

MRS. JAMES A. ROOT, 8kaneateles, N. Y.

KFRUITBOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
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— Smaii Fruits

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Send for Catalog.

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ptAPU Tperc A full line of varie-
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QUINCE TREKS tire scarce,
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Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts,
I’apershell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts,
Grapevines. Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue.

SUMMIT NURSEltlKS, Monticello, Florida.

Strawberries

Grown by the pedigree sys¬
tem. Biggest and Best
Berries, and lots of them.

$2.00 a 1,000

and Upwards.

Strawberry plants by the
1,000,000, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries,
r Currants, Grapes. All the
good old and many choice new
varieties. Illustrated, descrip-
r tive catalogue giving prices and
r telling how to plant and grow them,
Free to all. For 30 years a small fruit
specialist. 250 acres in berries.

I I iff lo Silver. N. .1 _

ROGERS’
are SAFE

Planters of Rogers’
Trees get Safety

Not the largest, not the oldest, not the cheapest, but the Rest trees und the Safest trees money can
buy. Our Tree Breeder tells about our trees and our plan of breeding. It's FREE.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

CPIIIT TDK CO “ Wiley, that's astonishing ! ” ” What is? " " Why, an unbroken line of
rnlll I I l| £ orders from the same peepie for 25 Years.”

Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they
will continue to get It. Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

Box 122 H. S. Wilev cfc Son, Cayuga. 3NT. Y.

p A LJ And APPLE Trees are our Specialties. Also large stock of Pears, Plums,
l tHvll Cherries, small fruit plants and Ornamentals. Scientifically grown and cared
for. Best methods of handling and packing. All stock fumigated. Our stock and our prices s re
right. We pay the freight. For catalogue and particulars write
Box 8 BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO. YALESVILLE, CONN.

Apples. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and
Carolina Poplars. Healthy, true to
name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva, New York.

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID.

NEW RED

PHENOMENAL RASPBERRY

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERRIES TO A PLANT FOURTEEN MONTHS

FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long and 3>£ inches in circumference ; they
will ship 1,000 miles easily. Acres and acres are being planted in California
for Canning Purposes, and the plants are in great demand. Send for
photograph, description and prices of tip plants.

Plants ready to ship from January 15tli to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO.,

L. ISox 3 03. Loomis, California.

THE RURAL1 NEW-YORKER

21

,1905.

STOREHOUSE FOR CABBAGE.

The construction of a storehouse for
cabbage, which would be safe when the
outside temperature was 20 degrees below
zero :s a difficult proposition. It can be
made so as to withstand that degree of
cold for a short time, but if such tem¬
perature continued artificial heat would
have to be resorted to. The foundation
of the building is built preferably of con¬
crete. A trench should be dug deep
enough for solidity, and the wall should
not exceed 16 inches in height above
ground. It should be 18 inches thick.
Ventilating flues, simply wooden boxes
six inches square, are built in the con¬
crete near the top of the wall 4^4 feet
apart, with slides for closing them both
outside and inside. When closed the
flues should be practically air-tight. The
superstructure is built of wood. The sills
are 2 by 8 hemlock or pine bedded se¬
curely on the wall. The studding is 2 by
4 doubled so as to make 4 by 4 when
extra strength is needed; rafters, ties and
plates of 2 by 6 stuff. The studding is
erected as usual, a -covering of tarred
paper on the outside, over which novelty
siding of good quality is nailed for the
outside of the building, which should be
painted. In Fig. 14, a, a, a, shows venti¬
lating shafts in foundation walls; b, b, b,
the bins.

On the inside of the studs use another
layer of tarred paper, and board up with
boards, which should be of planed timber,
but need not be matched, but should be
free from knot-holes. Inside of this fur
out two inches and ceil up with paper
and boards as before. This will give two
air spaces, which is considered sufficient
in our climate. If much twenty degree
below zero weather is feared it would be
well to again fur out one inch and ceil
with paper and boards, making three air
spaces. The inner ceiling should be of

f

PLAN FOR CABBAGE

matched pine lumber. The outside doors
should be made of matched pine with an
air space of at least two inches, with paper
on each side, the edges beveled similar to
those in use on silos. Tight-fitting bevel
doors, also with an air chamber, should
be made for the inside, opening in, while
the outside doors open out. The gables
need have but one air space. All win¬
dows should be double glazed, tightly
fitted, and with board shutters to be
closed in very cold weather. The roof
should be one-fourth pitch, and any good
roofing material used. It may be neces¬
sary to ceil with boards on under side
of rafters, but there is little danger of
frost at this point if made snug at the
plates. Ventilators which can be closed
should be in roof, one for every 24 feet
in length. Also a window, which can be
readily opened in each gable. Iron rods,
with turn buckles, should be put in at
intervals to prevent spreading of the build¬
ing. It should be wide enough to allow
for a 10-foot passageway for wagons
through the building lengthwise. The
bins are constructed on each side of pas¬
sageway, a wall of concrete six inches

wide and six inches high being laid for
the partition of each bin to stand upon.
The bins are four feet wide, inside meas¬
urement, and so arranged that one of the
ventilators through the foundation wall
already described will open immediately
under the center of each bin. The bottom
of the bins is made of 2 by 6 hemlock
laid lengthwise, the building two to three
inches apart, and resting for support upon
the six-inch transverse walls already de¬
scribed, and which are four feet six
inches apart from center to center. The
studding for the partitions is 4 by 4, and
may extend upward to the rafters; they
are slatted up on both sides with 1 by 4
stuff, so that an air space of four inches
is between each bin. This provides for a
perfect circulation of air, which is very
essential. When the bins are filled to
the height of seven or eight feet a slat
frame is used, resting upon the slats of the
partition, and the bins are then filled as
high as desired. This is done to avoid
having too much weight on the cabbages
in the lower part of the bins, and also help
ventilation. The building may be 32 or
36 feet wide, and as long as desired. The
inquirer may construct the building with
the passageway wide enough to admit of
laying a track and running a freight car
into the building, but I think he will find
it more satisfactory to load his cabbages
with wagons and teams, especially if he
wishes to weigh them. FRED E. gott.

New York.

Hollow Cement Stone for Building.

I wish to build a house, and am favorably
impressed with hollow cement stone, but
never having seen building put up of this
material, and knowing nothing of its dura¬
bility, I would consider it a great favor to
have a discussion opened in The R. N.-Y.
by people who have tried this material, or
are acquainted with its durability. I have
seen the stone made of two parts river sand
and one part cement. Some contractors
whom I consulted about it discourage me,
saying they are not sure it will wear, might
crush or crumble, both by weather and
weight, and are sure it will discolor in a
short time and become disagreeable to sight;
that I would better use brick, which is a
well-known building material. My judgment
tells me that if substantial cement should be
warmer, drier and should cost far less than
other building material. But I am timid to
try, and therefore should like to have all in¬
formation from men who know and have
used or seen in use hollow cement stone, x.

Strawberry Notes. — We have fruited Pres¬
ident and iind it very large and beautiful in
appearance, but decidedly poor In quality, a
sort of Ben Davis amongst strawberries ; a
poor plant maker and subject to rust. Chal¬
lenge is a tine grower, quite productive of
large misshapen berries. Mead is a splendid
grower, plenty of good strong plants without
a spot of rust ; we have not fruited it yet.
Climax is a fair grower and shows some
signs of rust ; not fruited yet. Commonwealth
is a very poor grower, small plants and few
runners ; not fruited. Pocomoke is a splendid
grower, very productive and sets more fruit
than it can mature. Uncle Jim and Auto
have made a wonderfully fine plant growth
the past season, and promise a great crop of
fruit. Our trial bed containing over 20 of
the newest varieties of strawberries, includ¬
ing all the kinds you mention, excepting Mead,
was entirely winter-killed the past severe
Winter, so I can tell but • of the fruiting
qualities of most of them. Some of them we
have grown for several years. None of the
kinds introduced within the past five years
are equal to a few of ’ the best standard
varieties of 10 years ago on our soil, unless
possibly Mead, Uncle Jim or Auto. All the
others not fruited are deficient in plant
growth or subject to rust.

Massachusetts. george g. walker.

The big brother of the original or Illi¬
nois typo of Keid’s Yellow Dent. Bred
to lit the Iowa idea of longer ears,
rougher grains, plenty of vigor, and a
big yield. Same perfect form, hand¬
some color, deep grains and straight
rows, but a bigger, better type every
way. I sell it either ear or shelled.
Catalog, photographs, and samples
free and I throw in a package of
watermelon seed and one of flower
seeds besides. Send for them today.

HENRY FIELD

Seedsman ^ I
Box 3 <5

Shenandoah, la. |

u The oar teed cam man.”

GRnWFfK Garden, Field and Flower
U FI U If L n0 j Seeds, Clovers and Timothy,

IMPORTERS Beardless Spring Barley,

&nCAI CDO Glue Grass, Orchard Grass,
UtALtnO Red Top, etc. We can also offer
Feeding Corn, Hominy Feed and Oats in car lots track
your station. Write for Field Seed Price List, also
HK)f> Annual Seed Catalogue mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.

115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

* mmns

tSEED POTATOES

I New and standard varieties. Promising new vari-
leties from the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro¬
cured elsewhere. Earliest Seed Corn and
Garden Seeds from the natural home of
the potato, and the garden of Northern
Maine. Catalog free.

The fleo. W. P. Jerrard Co., Cartbon, Main*.

SWEET CORN.

SOMETHING N!Fnw

A red variety, of finest flavor, that will be ready
for use by July 4th. Also Peep O’Day, a white
variety of equal earliness. 15 cents for 3 ounce pack¬
age of either, or 25 ceots for both. Address:

WALDO F. BROWN, Box 8, Oxford, Ohio

The only GRAND PRIZE for
Vegetables at ST. LOUIS was
won by products of

Burpee’s Seeds

If you garden you
want THE BEST

and we shall be pleased to mail you

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1905

an elegant new book of 178 pages,
which tells the plain truth, with
hundreds of illustrations, beautiful
colored plates and describes Superb
Novelties of unusual merit. Write
to-day ! A postal card will do, while
it is sufficient to address simply

Burpee, Philadelphia

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

The World’s Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade

Fruit and Ornamental Treat*, Etc., have

been the standard of excellence for half a cen¬
tury. We mail postpaid. Seeds, Plants,
Roses, Bulbs, Vines, Small Trees, Etc.,
and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction,
larger by express or freight. Direct deal insures
yon the best and saves you money. Try ns. Yonr
address on a postal will bring yon onr elegant
168 page catalogue free. Correspondence solici¬
ted. 51 years, 44 greenhouses, 1000 acres.

THE STORRS A HARRISON CO.,
Box 221, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

BUIST’S

GARDEN SEEDS

■ Are Reliable

Your Money Back If They Prove Otherwise

If you have a Garden yon want them.
They are of much higher grade than those
generally sold. We select the earliest and
finest formed vegetables each year from the
growing Crops, the seed product of which
is sown to produce BUIST’S SEEDS.

Send for onr Garden Guide 1905

IT IS NO PICTURE GALLERY, but 148
pages of useful and instructive informa¬
tion on gardening. YOU WANT IT, and
YOU ALSO WANT THE SPECIAL DIS¬
COUNTS offered.

ROBERT lU’IST COMPANY
4 and 6 So. Front St. PHILADELPHIA. PA.

were awarded Two Grand Prizes,

the highest possible honors, at the St.
Louis Exposition. Our Catalogue, the
One Hundred and Fourth Annual
Edition, is by far the most complete,
most reliable and most beautiful of
American Gai’den Annuals. We are
offering this year the great

N0R0T0N BEAUTY POTATO

The Most Valuable Ever Introduced.

Full description and the opinions of
many high authorities who have
tested it will be found in our Cata¬
logue, which will he mailed FREE to
all interested in gardening or farming.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS,
36 Cortlandt St., New York.

103 years in the business.

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalogfree.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed,

Ford Seed Co. Deot.24 Ratenna.0.

Potatoes

The famous "D «r B Line"
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads In earliness, yield,
vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money.

For 25 cents (stamps or
silver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.
DARLING & BEAHAN,

328 Michigan St.. PET0SKEY. MICH.

Ever

None betterand none so
low in price, lc per pkt.
and up, postpaid. Finest
illustrated catalogue ever
printed sent FREE. Engrav¬
ings of every variety. A great
lot of extra pkgs.of seeds, new
presented free with every
order. Some sorts onions only 50c
per lb. Other seed equally low. 40
years a seed grower and dealer and all
customers satisfied. No old seeds. Send
your own and neighbor’s name and address
for big free catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills.

Grown.

Grower.—*
to sower. I

We're not in the combination of seed sell- ■
ers that has been formed to keep up prices. ■

We grow our seed, make our own prices
and sell direct to planters.

We're not agents for anybody’s old and stale
stocks. We guarantee ours fresh, plump and
absolutely reliable. Exceedingly low prices
on Beans, Corn, Peas. garden and field seeds.

To Introduce our Honest Seeds In Honest
Packagos, wo will send the following

CTA** Collection of
OUl Seeds for

One package each of Early Blood Turnip Beet,
Early Turnip Radish, H.U. Parsnip, Sweet German
Turnip, Crookneck Squash, Prize Head Lettuce,
Long-Orange Carrot.Early Jersey Wakefield Cab¬
bage, Beauty Tomato, Rocky Ford Musk Melon.

Write for catalog which tells how to obtain all
ssods at 3c a pkg. Put up In honest packages.

FORREST SEED CO..

34 Main St., Cortland, N. Y.

LIVINGSTON’S
TRUE BLUE SEEDS.

Send us 5 two cent stamps. We then mail you 1 pkt. each Livingston’s
Beauty Tomato, Livingston's Ideal Cabbage, Livingston’s Emerald Cucum¬
ber, Crosby’s Egyptian Beet and Wonderful Lettuce, and our 104 page Seed
Annual. Send us back the empty bags and wo will accept them at 5 cents
each on any order amounting to 50 cents or over.

THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., Box 144, COLUMBUS* OHIO.

- Harris’ Seeds

We have harvested unusually fine crops of seeds the past season and ofler them direct

to planters at wholesale prices.

Get Seeds from the Grower

By raising Seeds ourselves and selling them direct to the planter we can sell better
Seeds for less money than other dealers. Catalogue free. It contains lots of good tilings.

JOS. HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, COLDWATER, N. Y.

22

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 14,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

A Promising New Potato. — Forty
years ago the well-known seed house of
J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York City,
introduced the widely popular White
Peachblow potato, long a standard for
profitable yields and exquisite table qual¬
ity. The Peachblow in its day was uni¬
versally admired for the delicate flush of
its pale, rosy skin, and the floury white¬
ness of its flesh when boiled. In time
it was displaced by the new and vigor¬
ous Early Rose and its horde of de¬
scendants, but connoisseurs in potato qual¬
ity have always retained a hankering for
the Peachblow type, and it has here and
there been carefully retained. Now Thor¬
burn & Co. offer Noroton Beauty, a seed¬
ling in the second degree, raised in Ver¬
mont, of the famous White Peachblow.
Great claims are made for this newcomer
as the earliest and best highly productive
variety. Planted in northern New York,
May 14, they were in splendid condition
for the table July 14. It seems to be an
unusually good keeper for so early a vari¬
ety, holding its fine eating quality through
Winter and Spring far into the next
Summer. We can testify to the fine
flavor and crisp sparkling texture of this
potato, either baked or boiled, even when
kept so warm as to start growth and
shrivel the skip. Fig. 11, page 18, shows
a tuber of average size and characteristic
roundish form. The color is white, some¬
times light russet, slightly splashed with
pink, with pinkish eyes.

The British Potato Boom. — The Brit¬
ish boom in potato novelties apparently
remains at fever heat. It is of course im¬
possible to keep up the extraordinary
prices received for certain new kinds,
amounting in one published instance to
$800 for a single pound, but a host of
new kinds is offered for trial at an average
of $5 the pound. So plentiful are the
newcomers that the London Fruiterer and
Market Gardener has a continued series
of descriptions, running through many
numbers like a serial story. Almost every
potato virtue is claimed for the new kinds
in the way of vigor, yield and freedom
from disease, but nothing is said about
the quality, for the very good reason that
nobody can afford to try them — they are
too expensive to eat until they become
more plentiful. Northern Star, one of the
high-priced novelties of last year, has been
tested for cooking quality by disinterested
experts and found quite tolerable. It is
now offered in quantity at $50 to $60 a
ton. El Dorado, the kind that brought
the record price, as above stated, is now
quite plentiful, as every form of intensive
propagation and culture was used to in¬
crease the stock. There are no reports of
its quality, and dealers, while endorsing
its great productiveness, are shy about
publishing prices. The yields of this
variety as reported run from 150 to 300
pounds from the pound of seed tubers
under the best cultural conditions. One
grower reported 1,400 pounds from one
pound of seed of El Dorado, and another
the astonishing yield erf 1,700 pounds from
one pound of the American (Vermont)
Gold Coin.

"Intensive” Propagation Not So Bad.
— Most of the growers of these costly new
varieties apparently believe, or at least
would like to believe, that no great in¬
jury is likely to come from the extreme
methods of cultivation employed to gain
increase of plants and promote heavy
yields. Every method known to expert
gardeners, such as propagation from slips
or “draws” and cuttings of the young
shoots have been largely employed, and
some experiments reported tending to
show that little or no apparent weakness
or degeneration of vitality is noticed as
the result of a single season’s intensive
propagation and culture. They claim that
when a variety is young — only a few
generations from the seed — there can be
little harm from forced and rapid multi¬
plication, but as the varieties age more
conservative methods will be needed, and
will naturally follow. This is not particu¬
larly convincing in the light of the im¬
mense experience acquired by propaga¬
tors of all sorts of plants grown by arti¬
ficial division. It seems to us that very
premature senility is likely to follow
such wholesale overstimulation of plant
life.

Beans for Poultry. — Some experience
with beans as poultry food will be found
on page 15. It is to be expected that
beans or peas, with their high percentage
of digestible protein, should be especially
adapted for egg-production when fed to

hens in fair proportion with the neces¬
sary fat and heat-producing materials,
but as a rule they are too scarce and
costly to be widely used for the purpose.
Marketable beans and peas will usually
sell, weight for weight, for two or three
times the price of corn or even wheat.
If fair quality cull beans or peas can be
had at anything near the price of grain
there can be little doubt of their useful¬
ness. The Rural Grounds fowls have
never acquired a liking for ordinary large
dry beans or peas, but will readily eat
them cooked in a mash. They have, how¬
ever, learned to harvest cow peas and
Soy beans, both small-seeded Asiatic
beans, with much enthusiasm, and invari¬
ably with a welcome increase in egg out¬
put. While it is problematical if the or¬
dinary kinds of table beans can profitably
be grown for poultry food, we feel sure
it pays to grow cow peas or Soy beans
in congenial localities for the double pur¬
pose of soil improvement and hen feed¬
ing. Several notes to this effect have
appeared in Ruralisms in the past years,
but evidently failed to make impression.
The last three Summers have been too
cool in our locality to grow such heat-
loving plants to advantage; nevertheless
we have not omitted annual plantings. The
hens get the benefit of the protein in
the seeds, and the soil that of the nitro¬
gen in the stover and root tubercles.
Aside from the intrinsic food value of the
beans our fowls get much wholesome ex¬
ercise in shelling the tough pods, an oper¬
ation not so easy for the beak of a hen
as might be imagined. They haunt the
sowings during their exercise hours from
the appearance of the first ripe pod until
the last bean is secured, often far into
Winter. Had we more space for these
excellent soil improvers and forage plants
we would store the ripe stover, beans and
all, for their Winter scratching material.
Our planting this season was limited to
about 100 feet of Iron cow pea, put in
late in May to fill out a vacant row among
bulb trials. They grew with considerable
vigor, making a fine show of the blue-
green foliage characteristic of this variety,
which seems to endure low temperatures
better than most other kinds. A sudden
increase in egg production in October led
us to look over the foraging ground of the
hens, and we found them methodically at
work, splitting the ripening pods to get
at the coveted beans. Water must be
freely supplied to hens during these cow-
pea forays, as the dry seeds are verv ab¬
sorbent, and quickly induce thirst. Poul¬
try keepers having access to good land
where cow peas or Soy beans will grow
will make no mistake in planting these
crops for the benefit of laying hens. Both
have their merits, but the cow pea suits
our soil and locality the better, w. V. F.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Red Chief

Combined Corn

and

Pop-Corn Shelter

(Patented)

Best hand sheller
made. Closed hopper,
can’t pinch fingers,
adjusts for any size
ear.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel.
Clainps to barrel, keg or straight edge box. Pop-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extra cost. Special farmers’ offer and circular free.

BRINLY-HARDY CO., 253 Main Street, Louisville, Ky.

A MAN SAVED

BY USING A FOLDING SAWING MACHINE.

On. man can aaw more
wood with it than two
In any other way and
do it easier. O CORDS
IN 10 HOURS. Saws
any wood on any
ground. Saws trees
down. Catalog free.

First order secures agency.

Folding Sawing Mach. Co., 16 So. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill.

I Med R S ’MEND-A-RIP"

r with I Does all kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

“ — Does all kinds

light and
heavy riveting
^Will Save tub Pbici of Itself
Many Times a Year. A Perfect
Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show it Mean* a Sale. Agents
make from $8 to $15 a day* One
___ agent made |20 first day and writes to hurry
more machines to him. Write for special agents’ prioe.

JMJ.IToote Foundry Co., Fredericktown, O*

The Great Agents Supply House .

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Krrquires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
JBlastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Water Proof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.
Can IJn Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack
Light iu Weight.

Does Not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

KRLE. PA.

Chicago, Poston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

’of the BEERY BIT
TOUR O ITS IN ONE

Cure. Kickers, Kunawaye, Cullers,
shvcrs, efe. Send for Bit on ten
Pay.’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
A Lady can hold hitn. Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant Hill, Ohio.

50,

ARE

CORN
GOLD

FIELDS

FIELDS

to the farmer who under¬
stands how to feed his
crops. Fertilizers for Corn
must contain at least 7

per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our books — they
tell why Potash is as necessary
to plant life as sun and rain;
sent free, if you ask. Write
to-dav.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street. New York.

swn

For quail, par¬
tridge or trap
work the new

Marlin 16 Gauge
Repeating Shotgun

is the ideal gun, and the lightest
(6/4 lbs.)and smallest efficient re¬
peater made. It is not a 16 barrel
on a 12 action, but a very fast hand¬
ling, finely balanced gun of great
accuracy. Our cylinder bore gun
for brush shooting has no equal.

The full choked barrels are bored for
either smokeless or black powders, and
take heavy loads. They target better
than 240 pellets in a 30 inch circle at
35 yards, using one ounce I'/z chilled shot.
You ought to know this gun. Write for full
catalogue description. 3 stamps postage.

The Marlin Fire Arms Co.

157 Willow St., New Haven, Conn.

There are only ttco classes of Root Cut¬
ters. There is only one in the first
class. That one is the

BANNERS,.

It’s the one with the self-feed- 1
lug, shaking grate— shakes
outall dirt, gravel, etc. Saves
the knives and makes clean, I
wholesome stock food. It lit- I
erally makes ribbons of all
roots and vegetables. 1’re- !
vents all choking, ltcuts fasti
and turns easy. Thousands In I
j Vuse and not a single com- J
plaint. We make the Banner
In 7 sizes for hand and power.
Our Illustrated Catalogue j
I tells the whole story. Ask for it- It’s Free, o

|0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, Ypsilanti, Mich.

Largest Root Cutter Makers in the World.

MAPLE EVAPORATORS

Most Durable, Most Economical, Cheapest.
Syrup Cans and Sap Palls.

McLANE-SCHANCK HDW. CO., Llnesvllle, Pa.

Also, Mf rs. of the “Sunlight” Acetylene Gas Machine.

Last year field trials were made for me,
by i,ooo farmers, on fertilizing crops with

Nitrate of Soda

(The Standard Fertilizer)

These trials show that the yield
can be increased enormously
by using Nitrate of Soda as a
top dressing.

I want i,ooo farmers to make
trials for me this year on a por¬
tion of their wheat fields, I
will supply the Nitrate of Soda

Absolutely Free,

if the farmer will pay transpor¬
tation charges. The increase in
grain and straw will return this
outlay many times over.

If you cannot make the expe¬
riment, at least send for my bul¬
letin, “Food for Plants,” con¬
taining most valuable informa¬
tion on the use and value of
fertilizers. Send name and ad¬
dress on POST CARD.

WILLIAM. S. MYERS, Room 148
12-16 John Street, New York.

J

OUR NEW CATALOGUE

“HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS FOR 1905”

will be ready for distribution next month. It will be sent free to any address.

ITT* YOU iVITE GrOIUGr TO USE AKTY

COMMERCIAL
FERTILIZERS

next SF*R.I3\TGr, tills Book will interest you.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.,

HUBBARD’S

MANUFACTUKEKS OF

“BLACK DIAMOND”

Middletown, Conn.

FERTILIZERS

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

23

Hope Farm Notes

Florida.— It is the day after Christmas
and I am sitting under a tree in the open air.

Six days ago when we left New York I wore
a thick overcoat. I have been glad to peel off
one garment after another until now both
coat and vest have been hung up. At the
back of the house, in the shade, the mercury
stands at 76 degrees. Roses are in bloom all
around. The orange trees in Uncle Ed's grove
are covered with green leaves and banging
with yellow fruit. The live oaks are leaved
out and the few trees that have dropped
their leaves are well covered with clusters of
southern moss. It is enough to upset all your
calculations — this Christmas m shirt sleetes.
i never expected to see it, yet it is only an¬
other illustration of the fact that one is never
too old to learn or have new experiences If
von ask me if such a Christmas seems natural
I must say frankly No ! We have been
brought up to consider snowdrifts and cold
winds a legitimate part of Christmas. I hink
of Santa Claus with his reindeer and his fur
coat getting through this sand . I have not
been able to find anyone yet who can say what
thev tell children in this country about Santa
dius How does he make his way from
house to house ? Charlie cut a Christmas tree
for the baby, but how the old fellow got into
the house — no one but the child can tel!.
Yet there is no reason why the cold North
should monopolize Santa Claus and what lic
represents. The spirit of Christmas is here
if the snowdrifts are not, and for mj part I
am glad that mv stocking holds the privilege
of sitting here fn the shade with oranges on
the trees to take the place of Baldwin apples
in the cellar.

Christmas Dinner. — Uncle Ed gave his
boarders a feast worthy of the day. After
breakfast we went down to the garden and
nicked lettuce, spinach, turnips and onions.
There were cabbage, radishes and peas also. A
collide of fine turkeys had been doing duty in
a small yard. Uncle Ed brought them at 1»
cents a pound live weight. They walked up to
the block without a murmur, since they akin t
know what it represented. I picked a basket
of the brightest oranges I could find. ’I hese
turkeys came to the table with green vege¬
tables, white and sweet potatoes, cranberry
and apple sauce, bread and butter, gravy and
other fixings. Hope Farm supplied the apples
and five keen appetites. The sun was bright
outside and doors and windows were all open.
The weather might be called unnatural, but
the dinner wasn't — except in size — and when
Uncle Ed called upon the Dope barm man to
sav grace we were all thankful. After dinner
there was a ride through the pines to the
church. Everybody wanted to knock oft and
celebrate the following day, and so here we
are a lot of idlers. The Madame has been
cutting the boy's hair! Uncle Ed got a big
piece of beef out of his icebox and sliced it
up. lie buys beef in large hunks — the dressed
beef monopoly has invaded even this quiet sec¬
tion. Earlv in the forenoon Uncle Ed,
Clin rile and Ben appeared on the porch with
double-barreled guns. The little boys were
wild to go hunting and the little girl nearly
cried because she could not go. So the Hope
Farm man went along with her to see the
slaughter. I am no hunter and the way the
brown setter worked among the email was a
revelation to me. TTe ranged through the
woods, one eye on his master. Sometimes
while running at full speed the doer would
ston like a flash and creep up to a clump of
bushes, everv muscle quivering, yet under per¬
fect control. Then the hunters would ad¬
vance and at a signal the doe would rush in
and “rise” a flock of quail. Bang! went the
guns and one or more of the beauties would
fall. I must confess that it seemed much like
murder to me and the little girl, and I soon
liad enough and came back alone. The hunt¬
ers and liovs kept on and returned finally with
17 birds— and hot as August in New Jersey.

Hog Hunting. — Another thing which com¬
bined pleasure with business was a hog bunt.
In this country the hogs run wild without
food, shelter or care except such as they find
for themselves. No man can grow a crop
here without protecting it with barbed wire.
Now and then some one wants to put. a pig
in a pen lor feeding. You must first catch
your pig, and that is no child s play, lot
there are few race horses that can beat these
woods pigs in a short race. Men go out with
dogs, get sight of a pig and run him down.
The dogs hang on till they get the pig tired
and men catch him by the ears and pull him
to the ground. The “hunters” tie the scream¬
ing creature’s legs and carry him home to his
pen. It was worth a dollar to me when the
pig turned and knocked one of the dogs over.
Of course the brown setter is not used in
these "hog hunts.” One would as soon think
of using a fencing sword to chop wood .
“Cur” or mongrel dogs do this work, and, I
am forced to say. do it well. Uncle Ed has
one of these captives in a pen, where I had
a good chance to examine him. lie is black,
but iiilly Berkshire would draw the color line
on him, and be proud of the dash of white
on his face when he saw that nose and snout.
This pig could certainly drink from the bot¬
tom of a Mason's jar by running his snout
down into it ! What could you expect, for
without that snout the poor thing would
starve on the range? lie and his ancestors
developed that nose by hard work. The poor
thing was unconquered in spite of his pen.
Even a hog possesses the spirit of freedom.
Here he was in a good shelter, with food
and water constantly before him, all his
wants supplied without effort on his part,
ana still he longed for the freedom of the
fields and would gladly change his lazy lot for
the hardships of the wanderer. I respected
the hog ! I knew just how he felt, and so did
Byron when he pictured the dying gladiator :
“There were his young Barbarians at play,
There was their Dacian mother, he. their sire
Slaughtered — to make a Roman holiday !”

I want no poor captives for my meat. Bet¬
ter shoot them on the range ! I hope to breed
the wildness, the snout and the legs out of
some of them and harness Billy Berkshire’s
meat-making machinery to their vitality and
hustle.

Other Days. — I should be sorry to have
anyone get the impression that all there is to
do’ in Florida is to sit in the shade and eat
oranges or hunt quail or even hogs. There
are strenuous days here — and also overcoat
days. Y'ou ask Uncle Ed and Aunt Patience
some night after the boarders have finished
supper if Florida life is an idle dream !
Tackle Charlie after a day’s hard grubbing on
the new farm and get him to say how much
of an idyl such pastoral employment is ! No
one lives here without work unless he is
spending what he earned by previous labor or

what some one earned for him. In the North
you can work out a three-crop rotation in pos¬
sibly two years. Here you can work a three
or four-crop rotation in one year, but it
means work in either case. As for weather,
while I sat with no vest on in the shade ot a
tree, I got a daily paper and read about the
blizzard that was roaring through the North.
Zero weather and a foot of snow seemed like
a fairy tale while we were planting peach
trees and finding open buds here and there.
The next morning, however, when I got up
the room seemed chilly somehow. There had
been a cold rain in the night and a high wind
was blowing. The mercury had crawled down
to 42 degrees and Uncle Ed had started a hot
fire in the open fireplace. No use talking, we
cold-blooded citizens from the North got
around that fire, and it felt good. The sun
came out, but the mercury kept falling
through the dav. I wanted to get out and
pick the fruit, but Uncle Ed said : “No. dan¬
ger !” These old-timers who have been frozen
out several times are hard to scare. l ne
next morning we were to take an early train
and got up at four to be ready. The ther¬
mometer stood at 33 degrees and there vas
thick white frost on the pine needles and a
little crust on the damp soil. I shivered
spite of my overcoat, and I felt that the end
of Florida had surely come. How can an
orange stand such frost? To my surprise
Uncle Ed was cheerful. “No danger ! h»
said, when I suggested giving up our trip and
getting the fruit off the trees. These Floiida
frosts are surely good medicine for the nerves
and heart trouble !

Our train was due at 4.30. but who expects
a train to be on time when they print this on
the time table?

These schedules show the times at which
trains may be expected to arrive at and de¬
part from the several stations, but their ai-
rival or departure at the times stated is not
guaranteed nor is this company to be held ie-
sponsible for any delay or any consequences
arising therefrom.”

Uncle Ed and Charlie knew what to expect,
so they built a hot fire by the side of the track
and we stood around it toasting shins and
back alternately for two hours and 40 min¬
utes. As we had to signal the train we did
not dare to hunt shelter. We saw the east
change from the black shadow ot the pine
forest through all the gentle and beautiful
streakings of light until the sun snowed over
the tree tops. Birds flew over us. A dock ot
robins which feasted in a Jersey strawberry
field last June flew out for their A\ inter break¬
fast! Clouds of thick, black smoke began to
rise from the chimneys and we knew fat pine
wood was warming up many a lean break
fast. We saw it all by our fire until the lazy
train came around the curve with a bluster
and roar like a belated man who expects by
scolding others to draw attention trom bis
own delay. Y ou stand on a frosty morning in
Florida, one side of you chilling to the bone
while the other burns over an open tire, and
remember what another freeze will mean to
this country and your mind will be full or
strange thoughts. It seemed to me like the
end of time, but still Uncle Ed said “No dan¬
ger ’” He was right, for though the mercury
fell to 32 degrees. I could not find a single
twig that was injured. The fruit seemed all
the better for it. A temperature of 2» de¬
grees for several days is what does ihe busi¬
ness. When the mercury hovers around 30
degrees a greenhorn has heart action like a
force pump, hut your true Florida freeze-out
buckles up his belt, looks at the eastern sky
and if his trees are banked and his fruit oft
becomes a philosopher. I think the trees are
hardier than they were before the freeze. I
have seen a few houses or cases built around
the smaller trees for protection, but most
growers must take the weather as it comes.
This countrv needs some money crop besides
oranges. What is it to be? As if to add a
a strange commentary upon the weather. I ncie
Ed as I write, comes into the gate wheeling
a big chunk of ice. which just came by ex¬
press from a point 30 miles away. It is artt- i
ficlal ice, packed in sawdust and then put in
a bag. It kept so well on the train that the
corners are barely melted off. The Madame
started her little school in the open air. but
this bit of frost drove them indoors by the
fire It seems much like old times to sit by
the open fire at night and have the children
call for a storv. T don’t believe there is a
woodchuck in Florida, and yet I find the peo¬
ple here deeply interested in his doings as
well as in Judge Lynx and Charlie Crow.

Farming. — I have little space left to tell
of our preparations for farming this Winter.
The old white mare, "Bird,” got here safely
on the boat. I expect our humans to leave
all their coughs down here, but the Bird’s
asthma will stay here. She is too big and
clumsy for this country. Smaller, active
horses are better. She undertook to kick
Uncle Ed’s horse out of the barn when she
first got here, but when “Dexter.” a little
brown fellow, got her out in the field he made
a show of her on a single plow. Bird is not
the first city resident to find that while city
airs may do* in town, a Florida cracker knows
what to do in the sand. There is much grub-
bing and fencing and cutting to be done on
the farm here before potatoes can be planted.
Two fields looked reasonably clear after
Charlie had whacked at them awhile, but
when he started to plow he found the soil a
mass of tough roots of what is known locally
as the “shoestring” vine. I shall send down
the disk plow and that ought to tear things
up. Next week I will try to tell what such
farming in Florida really means. h. w. c.

HUMANE and

$4.12

EVERLASTING
Horse Collar

Cures and prevents sore shoulders. Adjusts to fit. Nohames.no I
I straps. Zinc coated to prevent rust, zinc itself a curative agent. 1
I lion. Chas. A. Waldron, V.S..momber of Michigan State Veterinary L
I Examining Hoard says: “Used them two full seasons in the heaviest fl
I kind of work, corn and wheat harvesting, plowing with a doublo V
I gang plow, largest size manure spreader, etc. They are smooth^
land firm, no twisting or corsage of hames.’* Absolutely do away j
I with cumbersome sweat pads. Agents v anted. Write for cataloguo.
Howell & Spaulding, 153 Slate St., Caro, Mich.

HARNESS

Wc sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrautitto be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KINU HARNESS CO., 6 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co.,N.Y.

It is
not the

NAME

that makes the

Wagon good

It is the

WAGuN

PARSONS “LOW-DOWN” WAGON WORKS, Earlville, N . Y

WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tire on, • $7.95
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels H to 4 in.
tread. Top Buggies, $28.76 ; Harness, $8 60- Write for
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and parts direct.
Wagon Umbrella FREE. W.R. BOOB, Cincinnati, O.

.furs

McMillan Fur & Wool Co.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

W RITE FOR C I RCU LARS

AVE YOUR BACK

Save time, horses, work /
and money by using an

Electric Handy Wagon

Low wheels, broad tires. No
living man can build a better.
Book on "Wheel Sense” free.

Electric Whee’ Co. Bi 88 Quincy, Ilf.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

r We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEEICO.

BOX 1 7 HAV>K«. ILL

When Plow Hunting!

choose from the celebrated Syracuse line
a plow that the experience of thousands
has proven to be right. Of the long line
of Sulkies, Gangs and Walking Plows the
No. 401

SYRACUSE C^D

shown here has proved one of the most
popular, Wearing parts all chilled, made
right and left handed. A glance at its
moldboard suggests the smooth, even fur¬
row it turns. It’s the plow that’s at home
in the gravelly, stony soils. If your dealer
does not handle the Syracuse Chilled,
write us. We’ll send catalogue and see
you supplied.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co.,

Syracuse, N. Y.

Most Useful Mill

Grinds ear corn, all small grains; shells, cuts
feed, etc. Easiest running mill

EVER MADE

Other styles in full variety, guaranteed by free trial.
Famous every where for making most economical feed.

^ ^ ». V _ a. ■ . - - — . Ill mA.I*. rrvarlo I cfvlt*C

burrs.

Any size
pulley.

No better mill made; special styles
forsmall gasolineengines. Get
' new catalogue R Tlie

Buckeye
Feed
Mill Co.

Windmill

U

The one evenly balanced, strong
and durable windmill that re-

- sponds to the lightest wind. Its four-

post angle steel tower stands the storms.
We also make Feed Cutters, Wood Saws,
Corn Shellers, etc. Send for Free catalog 102
S. FREEMAN & SONS MFG. CO.,
Racine, Wisconsin.

Feed Mill Sense.

Feed mills have come to be standard articles.
Experimenting with new makes is likely to prove
unsatisfactory and costly. In the interest of our
readers who are without experience and unable
to choose between the many different makes, we
direct attention to the old reliable Quaker City
Grinding Mill manufac¬
tured by The A.W. Straub x
Co., 3737 Filbert St,, Phila¬
delphia, and 47 Canal St.,

Chicago. These mills,
made in 8 different sizes
to meet every possible

want, have an honorable ^

record of 38 years. They
are honestly built, right
working, do a wide range
of work and are easily regulated for coarse or
fine grinding, and certainly have given eminent
satisfaction to a long list of users for many years.
They grind cob or shelled corn and all grain used
for feed stuffs, coarse or fine, mixing thoroughly,
all in the same operation. The Quaker City is a
dependable mill out of which every user can de¬
pend upon getting satisfactory work. Ttie 38th
Annual Catalogue with all details may be had
by writing the manufacturers at either of the ad¬
dresses given above. Feeders without mills will
serve their own interests by sending for it.

Get a
JM etei
Mill

, — and get n good
one this time — a
“ Monarch .”

4J Our C atalog
will give you

a lot of good, honest advice
’on millingmethods.and it will
tell you just what kind and size mill you need.
<JWe make all kinds of mills — Attrition,

French Bur
Grist ; Corn
Crushers, etc.
any mill we i
davs, at our risk
and get mill-
Spr out
p. o. box 263,

Meal, Feed and
Shellers,
Y'ou can try
make, for 15
:Get ourcatalog
wise.

Waldron

MUNCY, PA.

Return This Nlill

if it fails to grind ear and shelled
corn, all grains and mixed feed
stuffs easier, faster and better
than any other. 4
sizes and 3 styles.

Small size for hand
power. 1 style with
elevator & bagger.

New Holland Wood Saws

save time and labor, 3
sizes, 1 to 12 h. p. Write
for free circulars.

New Holland Mch.Co., Box 8 IS , New Holland, Pe.

— — M5III.I— Tllll I'1— sa—

35 Years Experience

in making grinderSe Result,

THE STAR LINE

best and cheapest. Grinds ear corn
or any kind ofsinall grain. Sweeps,
Simple and Geared for horses.
Belt Powers for Steam or Gaso¬
line. Sold on Guarantee. Get out
Booklet*

YHEISTARMFCbCo!. 1 3 Depot SI., How Loxlnflton, O.

BOWSHER MILLS ‘

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

£V lightest running.

7 sizes— 2 to 25 horso power. One stylo for
wlndwheel use. < Also make Sweep
Grinders— Geared and Plain.)

P. N. BOWSHER, South Bend, ind. _

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
joss power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue,
i TMOS. KOiiERTS,
Box 93. Springfield, O.

Use the Wind

judiciously by making it do your
pumping, grinding, sawing, etc
with a

FREEMAN

Steel

ON TRIAL

\ DITTO'S

Triple Geared Ball Bearing

- — . Feed Grinder

r for all kinds of grain. Haslargest capac¬
ity and runs the easiest. Try it before
_ you send your money. Send for circulars.

. M. DIOTOj Bus 56) J oliet. Ill.

Withan APPLETON WOOD

SAW you can rapidly and with
ease and safety ,

SAW

your own wood
and Save Coal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make

$5to$!5aDay

Strong, rigid
frame, adjustable
dust-proof oil boxes, etc. We make five styles.
Also the famous ‘‘Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers, Shellers, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for free catalogue.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, Ill..

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Less to Bun.
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND BOR Catalogue. "

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”
■ ■■■ —■ ■ »w» » muz a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

3uv and Leas to Bun. Ouickly, easily started. Novibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost — portable, sta-

T1IE TEMPLE PUMP CO-,Mft-»., Meagher St 15th Sts., Chicago, THIS1SOUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

T BUT GASOLINE ENGINES

24

January 14,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS EAR SI Ell' 8 PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

IlKKUKKT W. COLLING WOOD, Kdltor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, t
Mrs. K. T. Rovi.it, f

Associates.

John J. Dillon, liuslness Manaser.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, 52.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8 Ms marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns. and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of tile time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may be made In money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR !0 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on onr old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

We take pleasure in stating that the Minnesota Ex¬
periment Station has begun the investigation of fence
tt 'ire, nails and pipe. The -work will be done thor¬
oughly and well, and will result in great benefit to
fanners. Good for Minnesota! Next!

*

The reports on eggs held in water glass are coming
in. These eggs seem to have kept well, and for ordi¬
nary cooking purposes arc about as good as fresh eggs.
Some people are trying to sell them in competition with
fresh or cold storage eggs, and are disappointed because
they do not bring more. Last Spring, while urging read¬
ers to try the water glass, we distinctly told them not
to expect large profits from the sale of such eggs. We
should he satisfied with keeping the eggs for private
use at a time when fresh eggs are too valuable for home
use. We have never believed that water-glass eggs can
ever compete with cold storage except perhaps in small,
local markets.

*

I'he Good Rook has a passage in Isaiah that says :
“Wherefore do you spend money for that which is not
bread, and your labor for that which satisfies not ?”
The text app.lies directly to the men this year who on
account of the high price of feed are spending their
money for oat feeds and corn-and-oat feeds which they
think are cheap because they sell at a relatively low
price, but in reality are very dear. The dealer is inter¬
ested in pushing them, for there is more profit in that
class of goods than in other kinds of feed. As a rule
they are not nearly as good as early-cut hay, rowen
or good clover hay, but you wouldn’t catch people pay¬
ing the prices they do for these oat feeds buying any of
the three mentioned at even prices.

*

A recent medical report brings together some inter¬
esting facts concerning the condition of milk as retailed
by grocers and small dealers in the chief cities of this
country and Europe. As the milk finally reaches the
consumer it is about alike in both continents as regards
its state of preservation, judged by its bacterial contents,
though the milk sold in American cities averages nearly
48 hours old, while in Europe it is usually sold within
eight or ]0 hours after milking. The main reason our
milk is not inferior to the European article, though so
prolonged in exposure, is probably due to quick cooling
and the very general use of ice from the dairy to the
consumer. Ice is plentiful enough in northern Europe,
but farmers and dairymen apparently do not have the
gumption to use it freely.

*

According to the New York State Department of
Agriculture, there are 500,000 dogs in the State. If the
proposed legislation, taxing each dog $2, goes through,
the proceeds, $1,000,000 will be divided equally between
the State and the locality whence the money is derived.
The sum of $500,000 which the State would thus receive
would he devoted to a number of agricultural interests.

It is believed that the dogs would pay all the expenses
of the State Department of Agriculture, the annual cost
of the Geneva Experiment Station, and the farmer’s in¬
stitutes, and still leave $50,000 for the Cornell College of
Agriculture. It is further urged that this tax would

supply sufficient money to reimburse dairymen whose
cattle arc destroyed by State orders because tuberculous.
The State Department of Agriculture has been led to
recommend this State dog tax because of the abnormal
expense incurred in disposing of dogs suffering from
rabies during the past year. One-half of the $10,000
appropriated by the Department for dealing with infec¬
tious diseases of animals during the past year was used
in expenses due to rabies. The owners of valuable dogs
should he among the warmest advocates of the proposed
tax.

*

It is generally understood that milk is a “perfect
food for children. We encourage children to drink
it because we feel sure that it contains food in a digesti¬
ble condition. 1 lie child can assimilate it at once. We
believe there is “bone food” in the milk— that is, the ash
or mineral elements which produce bone, like lime and
phosphoric acid, and which promote digestion, like pot¬
ash. Ibis view is all right. We do well to encourage the
children to drink milk freely. We do even better to
encourage them td eat apples, as we shall see from the
following comparison of the two:

Pounds in 100.

Winter apples. . .
Milk . . .

Water. Solids.
85.38 14.02

80.40 13.00

Phosphoric
Ash. Acid. Potash.
.20 .023 .155

.73 .10 .19

.Most people will be surprised to sec that apples con¬
tain about as much water as milk. The juice of these
\\ inter apples contains over 10 per cent of sugar and.

as we can see, fair amounts of ash. I he larger part
of the ash in an apple is in the skin, just as most of the
mineral elements in the wheat kernel are in the bran or
shell. Eat the apple skin by all means.

*

After the fearful cold of last Winter many farmers
decided to use some more effective system of house
heating than stoves. Others reasoned that because last
\\ inter was severe we were sure to have a milder season
this year. I hat is where they made a mistake, and now
there is another rush for information about systems for
heating. Here are some good questions:

An expert puts the relative first cost of steam and hot

water plants at 13 for steam, and 15 for hot water, and the

eost of operating 13% tons coal for steam and 10 hot
water. In other respects lie makes little distinction. Is he
correct as to coal i My dwelling house Is on an exposed
knob, and is four miles from a plumber. A brother in the

city through carelessness of a servant had his hot water

plant frozen during a blizzard, with heavy damage and ex¬
pense resulting, and I do not feel like taking similar risk in
the country. I know that water heat is good, no better how¬
ever than steam. What I want is the system least likely
to give trouble in t lie - blizzard. A friend who some years
ago had large experience in steam and hot water heating
advises me : “By all means take steam. I prefer it. even
in city houses." Another expert says: “Steam, if house is
exposed; water in a city house."

The only way to settle these things is to call for per¬
sonal experience. So far as we are able to learn the
water pipes are more likely to he frozen than steam —
though with reasonable care there should he no damage.
The cost of operating hot water is less, because on
warmer days less fire is required to keep the water warm
than would he to keep up a steam pressure. Either sys¬
tem is more likely to break down than hot air, and this
must be considered if any careless person is to have
charge of it. We wish to hear from readers who can
give reliable figures as to' cost of operation or liability
to damage of the two systems.

*

All over the South farmers are greatly excited over
the drop in the price of cotton. In some places they are
reported as burning bales of cotton in the public squares
of towns, expecting in this way to reduce the surplus
and thus raise the price. This foolish waste of useful
property will do no good. Some years ago western
farmers burned corn as fuel, yet it was not long before
the grain reached such a price that the food they con¬
sumed in this way would have nearly paid farm debts
could it have been held. Another plan suggested is for
the southern people to raise a fund large enough to con¬
trol 10 or 15 per cent of the crop and hold it back from the
market. It is argued that grain prices are fixed and
held by speculators who control the crop ! Why not let
southern planters hold the crop themselves and do their
own speculating? In one way cotton differs from grain.
Cotton is sold in large lots to dealers or mill owners.
There is no retail trade for the raw material. Grain
goes through a greater number of hands, and is sold at
last in small lots— at retail. The retail trade in cotton is
in cloth rather than in raw fiber. If the southern plant¬
ers could control 15 per cent of the year's crop and hold
it hack they might create higher prices, but, apparently,
this would act against them in two ways. More cot¬
ton, outside of their control, would be grown. European
nations would redouble their efforts to grow their own
supplies in Africa and other tropical countries. We
pointed out last year that the high prices could not last
on raw material which has no retail market. It seems
evident that the speculative prices of last year partly
caused a larger crop in this country and a better chance
for Europe to obtain a supply in Africa. The only
chance we see for the southern cotton grower is in a

reduction of acreage and a smaller total crop. Coming
through North and South Carolina at New Year's we
saw hundreds of acres of cotton still unpicked. Most
of it was poor — on land not suited to its growth.

*

I he Carnegie Institute at Washington, founded to
assist and encourage scientific research and experiments
likely to be of general value, but not of profit to the
investigator, has recently granted Luther Burbank funds
sufficient to carry on bis valuable plant-breeding work-
in California for the next 10 years. Although having
remarkable success in originating fruits and plants
of immediate commercial value, Mr. Burbank’s work
has so extended along lines of inestimable future pub¬
lic value without promising immediate returns that
it has become burdensome to carry. It is understood
that the amount provided by the Carnegie Institute is
sufficient to develop Mr. Burbank’s plans to a satisfac¬
tory extent. A plant originator has no legal or other
protection in the control of his products. The public
has the benefit, and the one who carries on the ex¬
periments has little reward but the satisfaction of con¬
tributing to the general welfare. The Carnegie In¬
stitute expended this year $379,070 in various depart¬
ments of scientific research, scattering their benefactions
through many States of the Union, to far-off Syria, to
Nubia, Siberia and China, but it is doubtful whether
any of these investigations will give more useful and
lasting results than this timely aid to our widely known
Californian plant breeder.

♦

A German investigator claims to have discovered an
antidote for fatigue — the long-desired lazy cure — in the
form of an extract from the muscles of overworked
horses. This extract is in itself a poison or toxin, but
when injected in the circulation of healthy horses gives
rise to an antitoxin, which can be extracted in more or
less permanent form. When administered to humans
by the mouth in moderate doses, this antitoxin or fa¬
tigue medicine gives rise to general good feeling and
the capacity for an immense amount of severe muscular
labor without weariness. Flic theory is that this horse
antitoxin neutralizes the fatigue poison or toxin pro¬
duced in human muscles by prolonged exertion. It is
claimed to be so much more powerful than the direct
muscular poison causing "that tired feeling” we all
know that only one part is needed to overcome 100 parts
of fatigue toxin as produced in the muscles. The discov¬
erer recommends it for weak, nervous and indolent peo¬
ple. If true, what a boon this antitoxin might prove to
the tired-out housewife, who must, perforce, rise with
the sun every day, and to the listless hoy who turns
the grindstone for the reaper knives in harvest. It
might galvanize into useful activity some of the “Weary
Willies" of our country roads, and so help to solve the
overshadowing problem of effective farm labor! While
waiting for this lazy-cpre, which may or may not materi¬
alize, let us keep ourselves in good working trim by
steady industry, even if we do occasionally feel healthy
and normal fatigue.

BREVITIES.

Wiiv does tlio San Jos<5 scale hesitate to suck the Klef-
fer pear?

You may lynch that mortgage by “getting the hang" of
the feed and fertilizer question.

Limoid was used in many of the so called “cold-water”
paints. It is a good “sticker," which adds to its value for
spraying.

The dozens of readers who have written us about Italian
farm laborers will he interested in J. II. Hale’s note on the
next. pnge.

What is in demand? First-class fruit, grain, slock and
men. How does a man raise himself to first-class? By
hands, head and character.

We want to know how arsenate of lead compares with
Paris-green as a poison for Potato beetles. If you have
used it, please give your experience.

Since dishorning became common it has become hard to
buy horn. There was formerly a fair demand for horns,
which were used for various purposes.

We have a reader who says lie lias taken a job in town.
He wants The it. N.-Y. stopped for the present, as lie wants
to do everything he can to “win my affections from the
farm."

Niohti.v self questions for the institute speaker: Did I
say anything to-day that will help a poor and discouraged
farmer? Pan I put myself in such a farmer’s place? If
not, what am I here for?

Ten years ago The It. N.-Y. suggested a course In agri¬
cultural journalism at an agricultural college. A_t that
time the idea was considered little short of absurd. Now
such a course lias actually been established at the Iowa
Agricultural College.

Here comes a Massachusetts farmer: “I want to learn
all I can about the hen business, for although I have a good
farm of 70 acres, I don't intend to do much farming. Being
72 years old, I am getting tired of hard work, and all the
young fellows I have been able to hire seem to be more
tired than I am.”

If Representative Henry’s rural mail parcels post bill
goes through the housewife will lie relieved from anxiety
about the delivering of her fresh eggs and butter, or broil¬
ers, to say nothing about an occasional barrel of produce.
We doubt, however, whether the rural carriers will rise up
and call him blessed.

10M.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

25

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Testimony of fraudulent discrimination
in rates by t lie Saute Fe railroad system in favor of the
Colorado Fuel and Iron Company was given December 29,
before the Interstate Commerce Commission at Chicago by
W. It. Biddle, freight traffic manager of the Sante Ff>. This
testimony, with that secured recently by the Commission at
Kl Paso and Albmiuerque, will be presented to the Attorney-
General. 1'pon itis decision depends whether suit is brought
in the Federal Court against the Santo Fe system for vio¬
lating t lie Interstate Commerce law by the payment of re¬
bates. If convicted of every offence alleged the Sante Fe
company would lie forced to pay lines exceeding if 1 .000,000.
The Caledonian Coal Company of Gallup, N. M., 1ms also
brought suit In the Colorado courts against the Santa Fe.
asking damages in $400,000 for the destruction of its busi¬
ness as a result of discrimination In rates. . . . Six

prisoners and one guard were shot at Folsom, Cal., in an
attempted prison break December 29. Five of the prison- •
ers were killed. The guard's injuries are not believed to be

dangerous . lodge Walker, of Chicago, handed down

n decision December 29 declaring the city not liable in any
suits growing out of the Iroquois Theatre lire. The de¬
rision is wider in scope than that of Judge Holden, which
held the city not liable on the point of allowing a public
nuisance to exist. Judge Walker holds that in neither of the
charges of laxity in the building department nor the dis¬
charge of its police power is the city liable for damages.
Fourteen new actions for $10,000 damages each were be¬
gun in the circuit and Superior Courts December 29 against
the Iroquois Theatre Company. . . . The Chicago House

Wrecking Company has purchased the entire St. Louis
Exposition, and will dismantle it and sell the material.
This purchase makes the Company sole owners of the ‘‘great¬
est show on earth", even the plants and shrubs being in¬
cluded. Over a thousand men will be employed in the work,
and the material will make fully 10.000 carloads. . . .

A jury at Media, I’a.. December 21. awarded Edward N.
Deinhunt and Margaret D. Delah'unt. aged 9 and 12 years,
respectively, $10,000 at the hands of the United Telephone
& Telegraph Company. Thomas Delahunt, father of the
children, was killed ’ by a shock of electricity received
through a telephone April, 1902, at his greenhouse, during
a big sleet storm. The wire had crossed an electric light
wire. . . . Fire which started in Jacob Stelnbacli's de¬

partment store, Long Branch, N. .1.. January 2. caused a loss
of $200,000. . . Elias Hatfield, one of the leaders in

the bloody Ilatfield-McCoy feud, was killed December 00
by a train. Ills body, terribly mangled, was found in a
tunnel near Bluefield. W. Vn. . . Slate Treasurer Whit¬

ney Newton, of Colorado, in his annual report to the Gov¬
ernor, gives the total amount of certificates of Indebtedness
Issued in payment of military expenses ns $770,404. He
recommends that the Legislature authorize an issue of
$800,000 "insurrection bonds" payable in 25 years, and to
draw not to exceed 3% per cent Interest annually.

The Supreme Court of the United States, on January 3,
reversed the decision of the Supreme Court of Iowa in two
cases involving the construction of the Iowa Prohibitory
Liquor law. the opinion In each case being handed down
by Justice White. In the lirst case, that of the American
Express Company against the State of Iowa, the State' au¬
thorities seized ‘certain packages of liquor sent C. O. • D.
front Bock Island. III., to Tama, Iowa, and their destruction
was ordered. The Supreme Court of Iowa sustained this
proceeding, but that judgment was reversed, on the ground
that it is In contravention of Hie interstate commerce
clauses of the Federal Constitution. The other case was
that of the Adams Express Company against the State
of Iowa, and involved the same question ns the American
Company's case, except that in the Adams Company case
the proceeding was decided against the company, on the
charge of maintaining a house for the sale of liquors.

In tills, ns In the first case, the State court was reversed,
on the ground that the judgment was an Interference with
trade between the States. . . . Fire January .1 con¬
sumed the home of Frank Noweski. a Polish miner, in
Morris Bun, I’enn.. and the entire family of (!. except the
oldest son, 18 years old. was either burned to death or
smothered. The charred bodies of Noweski. his wife and
seven children, one of them n baby in arms, are in the
ruins of their home. Noweski was employed hv the Morris
Bun Coal Mining Company, and. witli li is fellow miners,
had been on strike since last April. Becently smallpox
broke out in Morris Bun. and Noweski and ids family were
among the sufferers from the disease. Every member of
the family recovered, and the quarantine had just been
raised from their little home.

FABM AND GARDEN. — A hill providing for the taxation
of dogs will la* introduced in the coming session of the
New York Legislature and will have the indorsement of
j lie State Department of Agriculture. One half of the
revenue derived from the tax will go to the State anil the
other half to the locality where the dog is owned. It Is
estimated that there are about 500,000 dogs in Hie State.

In smne localities the present tax will lie doubled, as it
is Intended to have a uniform rate of $1.50 or $2. The
advocates of the bill estimate that the revenue will not only
pay for State supervision of dogs, but provide for the
general maintenance of the State Department of Agriculture,
the yearly expense of the experimental station at Geneva,
which is $75,000; $50,000 for Cornell School of Agriculture,
the maintenance of farmers' institutes, and for the reim¬
bursement to dairymen whose cattle are found to lie nf-

tlicted with tuberculosis and which are killed by order of
the Slate.

The Board of Trustees of Hie Slate College at Ames, la.,
lias closed with Professor S. A. Beach, of New York, to
come to Iowa and become head of the horticultural de¬
partment at Ames. Professor Beach will also become head
of the State experiment work in horticulture and the de¬
velopment of fruits, and the State Horticultural Society will
pay him part of his salary. He succeeds Pro*’' or i’rice
who went to the Ohio Agricultural College to become
dean.

The Western Association of Wholesale Nurserymen at its
recent meeting in Kansas City, decided to ctiange its name
to the Western Nurserymen's Association. The change was
made to allow the retail nurserymen to affiliate with the
organization. Officers for the ensuing year were chosen as
follows; Peter Youngers, Geneva. Neb., president: A.
Willis, Ottawa. Kan., vice-president; E. J. Holman. Leaven¬
worth, secretary. Executive committee, F. II. Stannard,
Ottawa. Kan. ; W. P. Stark, Louisiana. Mo. ; B. J. Bagbv,
New Haven, Mo.; I). S. Lake, Shenandoah. Ia.. and E. P.
Barnardin, Parsons, Kan. The association indorsed a pe¬
tition to Congress circulated by the Postal Progress
League, asking for the consolidation of third and fourth-
class mail matter, with the extension of the merchandise
weight limit to 11 pounds and a rate of five cents for a
pound package and 25 cents for an 11 pound package.

The Supreme Court of Ohio has been called upon to place
the valuation on plants. Catherine Herms conducts a
greenhouse at Portsmouth, and all of her plants were de¬
stroyed by gas from a leaking main of the Portsmouth
Gns Company. A verdict was secured for $1,800. and the
company holds that the judgment was on the productive
capacity, and not on the amount of the actual (lowers
ruined.

EGGS HELD IN WATER GLASS.

We preserved 207 dozen : 107 dozen were preserved in
water glass, one part to nine of water; 52 dozen one part
water glass to 12 parts water; 108 dozen one part, water
glass to 16 parts water. The 107 and 108 dozen were kept
in fresh pork barrels: the 52 dozen in a wooden keg. We
have tried each quite thoroughly, and think the one to
16 is quite ns well. There is some product in the barrel
of one to nine that is deposited on the eggs, also on the
eggs in the keg of one to 12. but no deposit on the eggs of
one to 16, and if any choice t lie one to 16 is the preference.
In taking out the eggs from solution of this strength they
need not be rinsed and dried, looking all right for market,
while the others have to be rinsed before drying. The
sediment that settles on the eggs rinses off easily, and I
cannot see that it does any hurt. The water glass that
we used was in the form of a heavy white jelly, which
flows like heavy cold molasses, or nearly as thick as syrup,
and no doubt if a thinner product is used there should be
less water. IV'' have sold but a few at 25 to 28 cents,
because cold storage eggs are as yet plentiful in this conn
try at 25 or 24 cents a dozen, and they control Hu1 price
of all egg* except strictly fresh, which are 32 to 36 cents.
If the cold storage eggs hold out to supply Hie market
until fresh eggs in the Spring, our preserved eggs will
have to go for what we can get. o. n. s.

New York.

CROP NOTES.

Wheat Is looking very bad and is going into Winter in
poorest, condition for years, on account of the worst drought
ever known here. We have had no rains here to wet the
ground one-half inch deep since July. It has been quite
cold, and is snowing to-day, snow about four inches deep.
Many farmers have to haul water for house use. Corn was
a fair crop in spite of drought : mostly all in crib, selling
for from 50 to 55 cents a bushel. Oats were the best crop
for yenrs. selling for 40 cents. Wheat is bringing $1.20
here at mill. Potatoes were a good crop, bringing 50 cents.
The farmers generally are pretty well contented here; seem
to have money to buy all necessaries for their families, living
mostly in their own houses. Not much dairying done here;
generally diversified farming. We are running a small dairy
of 10 cows, selling butter in our country town (Marietta)
to private families. p. o. t.

Vincent, Ohio.

Crops were uniformly good except corn. A few who suc¬
ceeded in getting their corn planted early on dry ground
secured good crops. Potatoes were large and of tine quality,
and are bringing 50 cents per bushel. Hay was of good
quality, and dealers are paying from $8 to $11 per ton.
Apples were a fair crop, a great many wasted by reason
of Hie high winds. Dealers paid from 35 to 50 cents per
hundred pounds delivered on car. But very little wheat was
raised: buckwheat a good crop, bringing $1.20 per hun¬
dredweight. Not many oats sown on account of the long-
continued rains at. seeding time; 45 cents per bushel Is about
the price. Fresh butter brings about 28 cents per pound;
10,000 pounds of poultry were shipped from Canisteo, a
small village in Steuben County, Christmas week. Turkeys
brought from 16 to 20 cents per pound; chickens, 10 to
12 cents. Very little snow lias fallen up to this writing
(December 30). r. a. h.

Steuben Co., N. Y.

By carefully looking over the farmers of this section
it will be found that those who are making money who
ore building and improving their farms, and at the same

time getting a bank account — are men who are devoting
their attention to some special line of work, potato and
onion growing seeming to give the best, returns. Those
with from 100 to 200 acres are getting excellent results
from cows kept for the cheese factory, while those who
plod along in the old rut of general farming live, but
don’t appear to increase their bank recount very fast.
The apple orchards were loaded (Ills year with an excel¬
lent quality of fruit, but tin price rang'd from 50 to 75
•ents per barrel, the grower picking the apples and haul¬
ing the barreled apples to t lie car after the buyer had
packed them. They also had to board the packers while
they were at work. In this section there are few if any
new orchards being planted. A few are going quite ex¬
clusively into poultry and are striving for Winter eggs.
Only those who heat their coops are getting the eggs.
Good poultry is in demand — especially purebred pullets.
The S. C. Brown Leghorn is the breed most in demand.

Hudson, Mich. u. e. a.

ITALIAN LABORERS FOR FRUIT FARMS.

I own 50 acres of peach and berry land, and employ a
permanent married man. and a single man for nine months,
besides extra help in fruit time. We are troubled every
season by scarcity of help. In your opinion, would a married
Italian be a good substitute for second man, and could I
get one capable of sharing chores, etc., and doing cultivating,
hoeing, etc.? In fact, could I get a good farm hand In this
way. and where? Unless he could groom and feed horses,
and probably milk, he would hardly do. What wages do they
get If suitable? Are they industrious, and what district of
Italy do the best fruit hands come from? I employed Buf¬
falo “Dagoes" this season and found them fair peach-pickers
when carefully watched, but they appeared to be the "scum
of the scum,” and could speak no English. By 4.30 1‘. M.
they became very slow. and. in fact, were hardly a success.
I think J. 11. Hale employs Italians: where does he get
them, and do they do chores? We only have four horses
and one cow. but he would occasionally liave to do them all,
and always half. w. o. b.

Queenstown, Ontario.

B. N.-Y. — We have so many • questions about Dalian
laborers that we shall try to collect information from those
who have employed them. The first note of experience
comes from J. II. Hale, as follows :

I have been employing Italians these good many years,
and for 10 years now have settled down entirely upon
those from tiie north of Italy, Piedmont, Lombardy and
AVnetin, and any new men who come to me each Spring
are friends of those already in my employ. This same
class of people are also largely employed in a' number of the
high-class hotels of New York, and as they always like a
little Summer vacation. I get from there most of the surplus
I need In the rush of the fruit harvest. Often, when need¬
ing any number of men in a hurry, I secure them through
an Italian friend, who is a grocer in the nearby city of
Hartford. In common witli leading Italian grocers in
nearly every large town he carries on his list and fur¬
nishes with supplies a good many of his friends and their
families, when they first come to this country, in need of
some support while looking for work. These groeerymen.
or other Italian business men, place a good many emigrants
at work, so in the end (hey may be repaid for whatever
advances they have made. As to the Italian women, the
work in my own household has been done by them for a
good many years past to very great satisfaction. My part¬
ner at the Hale & Coleman farm in Seymour, Conn., has a
man and wife who live on the place, the woman doing
any portion of the housework required, while she delights
in tree pruning, thinning the fruit and in the harvesting.
The majority of the men. when they come to this country,
come without their wives; but when they find good situa¬
tions they like to go back to the old country in Winter
and bring their wives with them when they return, or
marry their sweethearts and start together for the new
country. _ j. h. hale.

Products, Prices and Trade. Exports of American
copper for the past year amounted to 247,215 tons. Euro¬
pean demand continues heavy. . . . The turpentine

market at southern points is improving. Sales at 53 cents
are reported from Savannah. ... A new market for
horses has been created In New York by the Increase of the
mounted police force. The latest deal reported is for 75
animals at $290 each. After purchase they have to lie
specially trained before til for street duty. . . . The

general condition of the Winter wheat crop is good, the
ground having been well protected bv snow until recently.
. . . Refined petroleum for export trade has been cut

to 714 cents. This is three cents above domestic prices.

Several hundred high priced cigars which were
being smuggled In on steamers from Cuba have recently been
seized by customs officials. It is believed that a" large
number have been got through without detection. . .

On account of the large amount of construction work on
hand at present the wheelbarrow business is booming. One
concern reports trebled sales for the past few months, and
a much greater Increase is expected as soon as actual work
on the Panama Canal is begun. . . . The Philadelphia

mint during 1904 turned out the largest production of gold
coin in its history, $129,144,428. . . . 9,000 barrels of

beef, believed to be for the Bussian army, left Seattle, Wash.,
recently. . . . The output of coal from Alabama mines

for the past year was about 12,400.000 tons.

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

Learn how to tap the Maple Tree. The gain in sap will
pay for Grimm Spouts and Covers in one season. Cul¬
tivate the bore by reaming. Save your trees and secure
a better quality. Sample Spouts and Catalogue “G”
free. You run no risk ; all is guaranteed.

G. II. (JKIMM, Rutland, Vt. and 778 Craig St., Montreal. P. Q,

You Can Save From $30 to $50

...BY BUYING OCR...

“KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when It leaves our factory, with
the exception of Moor planks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

HKAN4II, DAYTON, OHIO. See Exhibit Pure Bred Live Stock Record Bldg., Chlcugo.

DoIiOACH r»A-T

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.

’ Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 1 1 . P. and up. Shingle'.

W Planing, Lath and Ccii Mills: four Stroke Hay (

L Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight, y
^DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 10O2, Atlanta, Ga-

M » la ffyS Ed H rMj NHL ^

I J3 a i t J dj nj m Lfc- .

s

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark's Reversible ltush and Rog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep,
new out forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the
land true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His
Rev. Disk Plow cuts a furrow 6 to lOln. deep. 14 lu wide.

All these machines will kill wltch-
grass.wlld mustard charlock, hurd-
hack, sunflower, milkweed, thistle, '
any foul plant. Seudfor
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Hlggaiium, Conn., U. 8. A.

Will plow a

(fj Improved United States Cream Separator

does not get all of the orders but it gets an
overwhelming majority where it is known
and used. It makes friends everywhere in
spite of competitors— all parties vote for the
United States Separator.

THE. VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO.

BELLOWS FALLS, Vt.

385 Send /or Handsome Booklet in Colors Illustrating " The U. S. ll'ay."

26

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 14,

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

A WINTER EVENING AT HOME.

Now stir the fire and close the shutters fast,
Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round.
And while the bubbling and loud hissing urn
Throws up a steamy column, and the cups
That cheer but not Inebriate, wait on each,

So let us welcome peaceful evening in.

’Tis pleasant, through the loopholes of retreat,
To peep at such a world ; to see the stir
Of the great Babel, and not feel the crowd :
To hear the roar she sends through all her
gates

At a safe distance, where the dying sound
Falls a soft murmur on the uninjured ear.

— William Cowper (1731-1800).

•

The domestic problem in Africa seems
rather complicated, judging from the fol¬
lowing advertisement, which appeared in
The Cape Mercury : “Wanted, for German
West Africa, a man to look after one
horse, two cows and three pigs. One who
can impart the rudiments of French, sing¬
ing and the piano to children preferred.”

*

A household label book is a conven¬
ience that any systematic housekeeper will
appreciate. Tt contains 3(50 printed labels,
ready gummed, for all sorts of articles in
the medicine case, pantry or tool closet,
and costs 25 cents. Another very useful
thing is a “handy box,” containing baggage
tags, gummed labels, string, rubber bands,
key tags, assorted fasteners, glue, etc.
These boxes cost from 75 cents to $3 each,

according to size and finish.

*

A friend asks how to make old-fash¬
ioned dried apple cake. Here is a tested
recipe for a cake that keeps well, improv¬
ing in flavor with age. Soak two cupfuls
of dried apples and when tender add one
cupful of raisins, one cupful molasses, one
cupful sugar, a little cinnamon and cloves.
Boil these to a syrup. When cool add one
cupful of sour milk, one cupful butter, two
eggs and two liberal cupfuls of flour sifted
two or three times. A teaspoon fill of soda
should be dissolved in the sour milk. Bake
for two hours.

*

Everyone who has been caught at the
last with a lot of unfinished Christmas
gifts (and that means most of us) will
begin making preparations for Christmas
of 1905 this month. It is quite possible
that the enthusiasm may not last long, but
perhaps the final strain will be relieved a
little. Collar and cuff sets- of fine muslin
and lace can be made at any time, and
with delicate hand work they are always
acceptable. A yard of fine linen lawn and
a piece of narrow lace (real Valenciennes)
will make a number of sets that will only
cost a few cents each, though they would
cost 50 or 75 cents a set if bought ready¬
made. It must be remembered that it is
the dainty hand work that gives value to
such articles; if this is slighted the effect
is lost.

S

Any enthusiastic gardener with a next-
door neighbor who keeps chickens will en¬
dorse Mrs. Sanderson’s view, as thus re¬
corded in the Youth’s Companion : Mr.
Sanderson and his wife were picking their
way across the small plot of ground which
separates their home from that of the
Mitchells, at whose house they had just
had dinner.

“Most agreeable people,” commented Mr
Sanderson, genially, “and an excellent din
ner.”

“Y-es,” said Mrs. Sanderson, not very
enthusiastically.

“Those broilers were perfect,” continued
Mr. Sanderson. "I wonder why we can’t
have such chickens ? Oh, I believe he said
they were of his own raising, didn’t he?”

“Yes,” Mrs. Sanderson replied with
awakening spirit, “that was what he said,
and it vexed me so I could hardly keep
still.”

“‘Vexed’ you?” questioned Mr. Sander¬
son.

“Yes, and it would vex you if you had

any spunk,”’ returned Mrs. Sanderson.
“We raised those chickens, James Sander¬
son !”

“What do you mean?” asked Mr. San¬
derson , in bewilderment. “We’ve never
had a chicken on our place.”

“Yes, we have — the Mitchells’ chickens
have been there all Summer !” retorted
Mrs. Sanderson. “If it hadn’t been for
my garden those broilers wouldn’t have
been half so fine. And when everybody
was praising them, all I could think of was
the garden seeds and vegetables those
birds have devoured since they were
hatched in the Spring! And there Mr.
Mitchell sat, and took all those compli¬
ments as calmly as if they really belonged
to him !

“I think it was very poor taste,” Mrs.
Sanderson concluded, with dignity, “with
us right there at the table. It would have
been merely decent to have bought chick¬
ens when wc dined there.”

*

While some of the writers and lectur¬
ers upon the advancement of women point
out the advantages of having all the cook¬
ing done outside the home by professional
workers, Miss Waldron, of the League for
Home Economics, says : “Cheap delica¬
tessen shops and bakeries and prepared
flours ought to be swept off the face of the
earth. They, as well as the cheap candies
for children, are the bane of the tene¬
ments. I can’t begin to tell you how many
cases of stomachic troubles and insufficient
nutrition, to say nothing of intemperance,
can be traced directly to those sources. In
homes without number the people just live
on those things. Twenty minutes before
dinner some one is sent out to the delica¬
tessen to get some boiled ham or tongue,
some pickles and a loaf of baker’s bread,
and when the wage earner comes home
from his day’s work, tired and hungry,
that is all there is for him to eat. And it
isn’t always that the women are lazy either.
It is ignorance. They don’t know any
better. Girls have no training at home.
When they get to be thirteen or fourteen
they leave school and go into shops or fac¬
tories. Then they marry young, knowing
absolutely nothing of housework. Not
long ago I went to see a German woman
who was ill and in great destitution. I
found her on the first floor of a rear house
— that is, a house behind a house — dark,

dismal, cold. She had a husband and five
children, but nothing in the house to eat,
and the oldest boy so discouraged that he
declared he was going to the docks and
jump off. ‘How does it happen, Mrs. Wag¬
ner?’ I said. ‘Hasn’t your husband work?’
‘Oh, yes.’ ‘Does he drink?’ ‘No.’ ‘What
does he earn?’ ‘Eleven dollars a week.’
‘What is his business?’ ‘He’s a stoker.’
‘Well, what do you feed your family on?’
‘Six loaves of bread a day and a can of
condensed milk. We spread the bread with
that.’ ‘Don’t you ever co§k anything?’
‘No, I don’t know' how.’ ‘And is that all
your husband gets for his suppper when he
comes home at night?’ ‘Yes, and he ought
to be thankful for that, instead of getting
mad.’ Well, I gave that woman a real
good talking to. Then I taught her to
make pea soup and a pot of mush, and she
actually got down on her knees and kissed
me. Now, we are going to start a cooking
class in her rooms as soon as she is well
enough, and a happier woman at the pros¬
pect you never saw.” It is hard for many
of us to realize the misery that acccompa-
nies such ignorance. Many of the women
who are in greatest need of instruction
are too poor even to pay five cents for a
lesson, yet their ignorance wastes much
of their tiny revenue. The League for
Home Economics is doing work that not
only makes life happier for those whose
comforts are few, but it is strengthening
the health and morals of a coming genera-
ation.

Household Congress.

Burned Bread. — I forgot my bread one
day, and when I took it out of the oven
it had a jet black crust on one side. When
it was cold, so I could take hold of it, 1
took off the black part with a coarse
grater. It came off nicely, and did not
waste the bread as paring would have
done. S. b. R.

Bird’s-nest Pudding. — I have seen a
good many apple recipes in The R. N.-Y.
but have noticed none exactly like the
one we like best, and so I send it, hoping
that it will add one more drop of joy to
the Apple Consumers’ League : Pare
and quarter sufficient tart apples to fill a
three-pint basin two-thirds full ; sprinkle
a little salt over them and about a gill
of water. Now take cupful flour,
IJ2 teaspoonful baking powder, and a
pinch of salt ; cut into this a piece of
butter the size of a butter-nut, add suffi¬
cient rich milk to make a soft dough
and place on top of the apples with the
spoon, making sure there are no air holes.
Bake in a moderate oven until the ap¬
ples are soft. Serve with cream and
sugar or syrup. l. mYherson.

Buckwheat

Cakes

made with Royal
Bating Powder

Are delicious and wholesome — a perfect
cold weather breakfast food.

Made in the morning ; no yeast, no. “ set¬
ting” over night; never sour, never cause in¬
digestion.

To make a perfect buckwheat cake, and
a thousand other dainty dishes, see the
“ Royal Baker and Pastry Cook.” Mailed
free to any address.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

HE MEANS SCOTT’S

Your doctor says you must
take cod liver oil. Probably he
means Scott’s Emulsion be¬
cause you cannot take the
clear oil; no one can take the
clear oil who needs cod liver
oil. The doctor understands
I that and doubtless means
Scott's Emulsion of cod liver
oil which everybody can take
because it is emulsified and
prepared so that it can be
very easily digested by the
most sensitive stomach. Most
everybody likes it.

We’ll send you a sample free.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New Yorl

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse
•hide, Calf skin, Dog
skin, or any other kind
of hide or skin, and let
ns tan it with the hair
on, soft, light, odorless
and moth-proof, for robe,
rug, coat or gloves.

But first get our Catalogue,
giving prices, and our shipping
tags and instructions, so as to
avoid mistakes. We also buy
raw furs and ginseug.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

WHEN YOU DRIVE

Do your hands get cold ?
Let us keep them warm. A
pair of our elegant RUSSIAN
IJK A It FUR DRIVING
GLOVES will do it. Fire¬
proof. ironclad palm, soft and
pliable. Hand lined with iirst
quality wool fleece, and cuff
with best cori uri.y. Will wear
for years. For warmth,
wear and durability
this GLOVE has no
equal. Also made in
mittens & one-lingered.
Send 11s the wholesale
price, #>!4. and we will
send you a pair post¬
paid. If you are not
pleased, return them,
and we will refund the
money and postage.

RUSSIAN FUR CO.

Gloversville, N. V.

COLD COIN

Stoves and Ranges

at Wholesale I’riees.

To introduce this well known
line in your town, or where
they are m t now
sold, we will send
on approval,
freight p epaid,
securely crated,
nicely blacked,
ready to set up a
GOLD COIN
RANGE or Heat¬
ing Stove at whole¬
sale prices. This
line has been man¬
ufactured for over
forty years and
this fact " alone is a sufficient guarantee as to
their value. Write to day for illust.ated catalog and
wholesale prices. Gold Coin Stove Co., Troy, N.Y.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE.

Onr telephones are powerful, loud-
talklng and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Free.

CONNECTICUT TELE, & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC C0.t

MILWAUKEE, W IS.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

27

Winter Cheer.

Now that the melancholy days are come
of searching winds and bare fields out¬
doors, we look for a larger share of our
comfort in the house. The dread of Win¬
ter is instinctive, but not altogether ra¬
tional. With barns and cellar stuffed
with provisions, and blazing fires, we
may defy the elements. In some ways, the
frigid season should be the best of all,
for it brings the family together and
gives the members time for social and in¬

tellectual pleasures impossible in Summer.
Whether this is true or not, depends
largely upon the mother or housekeeper.
It is her duty to make the rooms at¬
tractive and fill them with an atmosphere,
of love and happiness which no amount
of zero weather can chill. Even though
short of other supplies, the real home¬
maker will contrive to be long on cheer.
One of her wise ways is to have all the
light and sunshine possible in the house.
Dr. Johnson says that it is worth a hun¬
dred pounds a year to have the habit of
looking on the bright side. It is worth
— not that, perhaps — but a large sum to
have the living-room on the sunny side
of the house. Many a good woman, in
her devotion to her plants, fills the wide
bay or pleasant south window from the
very top down to the sill, so that scarcely
a glint of sunlight can penetrate into the
room. My neighbor boasts of 20 varieties
of geraniums; if I had twice twenty, off
they should go to the cellar. I would
loop back the curtains and have a broad
window seat piled with bright pillows.
Grandpa’s easy chair would stand here,
the children’s playthings have a corner,
and all the family would gravitate to it
in their leisure moments. A few plants
on brackets at the sides do not obscure the
light, but to give up the best windows of
the living room to them is an injustice to
ourselves. A window seat is easily made
from a long, divan-shaped box. It should
be at least 18 inches in width, and reach
nearly to the sill. It may be padded with
cotton and covered with cretonne, and,
with a hinged cover, makes a handy recep¬
tacle for sewing work.

One is rather at a loss for something
to put into the vases after the flowers are
gone. Empty vases are the forlornest of
all forlorn objects, and are better put
out of sight. The provident woman gath¬
ers graceful grasses and bittersweet ber¬
ries for Winter decoration. When the
bouquets become dusty and faded, it is not
necessary to throw them away. Lay them
out in a good rainstorm, or give them
a shower bath over the sink, and you will
find that nearly all their beauty is restored.
An experiment in which the children are
always interested is made by placing some
twigs of plum, peach, or any early flow¬
ering shrub in water and watching the
leaves and blossoms expand. When all
else fails, there are still the evergreens.
Some branches of the cedar with its blu¬
ish berries, or sprays of hemlock, in the
mantel vases, give a bit of greenery very
restful to the eyes.

The old houses built half a century ago
or longer, abound in cracks and crevices
which the wintry winds soon search out.
Double windows and storm doors are al¬
most a necessity on the exposed side of
the house. The best cure for a draughty
floor is a second flooring laid over it.
When this is impossible, a padding of
old cotton quilts is a pretty good substi¬
tute. We put down plenty of newspapers,
then the quilts, tacking them lightly to
hold them in place, and stretch the carpet

over them. They keep out the drafts
which once made our sitting-room too
breezy for comfort, and save wear on the
carpet.

A cosy seat to place by the open grate
or stove is a straight-backed settle, mod¬
eled after those of “yc olden time.” It
may be built at home by anyone who can
wield a hammer and saw, and the cost
is small. We think ours as pretty and
artistic as those sold in the stores. It
was made from an ordinary bench cost¬
ing 50 cents, and some light, matched
pine boards. The whole of the inside,
back and seat was thickly padded with
cotton and covered with denim, printed in
contrasting shades of green. The other
surfaces were covered with the denim,
stretched on smoothly, and fastened with
brass-headed nails. The bench was fin¬
ished with a valance of the goods. The
same settle would be very effective, up¬
holstered in Delft blue. It makes a nice
article of furniture for the hall in Sum¬

mer.

M. E. COLEGROVE.

The Rural Patterns.

Shirt waists made exactly after the
model of a man’s outing shirt are among
new models. This one is made of dark
red French flannel, stitched with silk, and
worn with a tie and belt of taffeta, but the
model is suited to all simple materials and
will find a welcome among all those who
appreciate simple models. The waist con¬
sists of fronts and back with the yoke,
which is applied over the back and extend¬
ed over the shoulder seams on to the fronts
and which can be omitted whenever desir¬
able. At the front is a regulation box
plait, and the patch pocket is stitched to
the left side. As illustrated the waist
blouses slightly at the back as well as at
the front, but can be drawn down snugly
whenever preferred. The sleeves are in
straight style with straight cuffs and at the
neck is a turn-over collar. The quantity
of material required for the medium size is
4 yards 21 inches wide, 3^4 yards 27 inches
wide or 2*4 yards 44 inches wide. The
pattern 4919 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36,
38, 40, 42 and 44 inch bust measure; price
10 cents.

The blouse suit made with plain short
trousers is always a favorite for small
boys and always in style. The mode]
shown is adapted to all the seasonable ma¬
terials, but, as illustrated, is made of navy
blue serge stitched with silk, with shield
of white, and has the usual chevrons on
the shield and left sleeve. The suit con¬
sists of the blouse and trousers. The
blouse is made with fronts and back, fin-

4920 Boy’s Blouse Suit, 6 to 12 yrs.

ished with the big collar, and is closed at
the center front beneath the tie. The
shield is separate and is attached perma¬
nently to the right side and hooked into
place at the left, the collar closing at the
back. The sleeves are full, laid in a single
box plait and finished with straight cuffs.
The trousers are snugly fitted and joined
to waistbands which are closed at the
sides. The quantity of material required
for a boy of 10 years of age is 4^4 yards
27 inches wide, 2J4 yards 44 inches wide or
2^6 yards 52 inches wide, with y yards of
any width for shield and collar. The pat¬
tern 4920 is cut in sizes for boys of 6, 8,
10 and 12 years of age; price 10 cents.

JtONEY

J ISiur

BOYS

This is only one of thousands of boys who are making money easily

by selling

THE SATURDAY
EVENING POST

after school hours. It doesn’t take much talking to make folks buy
‘ The Post — we’ve told people all over the country about it, and most
everybody knows it. Some of our boys depend on street sales, but most
of them get regular customers to whom they deliver The Post each week.

A few hours’ easy work a week will give you plenty of pocket money. If
some of our boys can make as much as $15 a week, why shouldn’t you be
able to make at least a couple of dollars? Write us and we will send you
our handsome booklet, “ Boys Who Make Money.” Along with it will come
a complete outfit, including 10 copies of The Post — all free. When you
have sold these copies at 5c each you will have money to buy more at whole¬
sale prices. We also give sweaters, watches, etc., free, when you have sold
a certain number of copies. In addition

$250 in Extra Cash Prizes

each month to boys who increase their sales.

The Curtis Publishing Company, 990 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Pin

Better Fruit!

'"x

Learn from expert orchardists,
berry-growers, spraying authori¬
ties and other practical men
whose experience ranks them as .
authorities In fruit culture.

Such men are regular
■f j'- . contributors to that
“handsomest of /
farm papers"

Never dry or sleepy-
awake. Du

ST JOSEPH MISSOURI
50c A YEAR

-always “meaty” and wide
Jurlng iU05 Special Editions will be
devoted to ‘‘Spraying,” “Gardening,” “Small
Fruits” and “Apples.” Our Bro. Jonathan
series of 10 fruit booklets on “Orcharding,
“Small Fruits.” etc., at 25c each, are dollar,
makers for fruit-growers. Ask how to
get them free. Send 25^ and names of
10 persons interested in fruit¬
growing for a year’s trial. East¬
ern Edition for States east of Ohio.

THE FRUIT -GROWER CO.

9 5 I H. 7th, St. Joseph, Mo.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming Dwarf Crimson .Rambler,
Other novelties as well us a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N.J.

No 8moke House. Smoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Madefrom hickory wood. GtvesdellclouBtlavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir¬
cular. E. Krauser & Bro., Milton, Pa.

M0RE INC0ME
' Without Speculation.

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Restricted loans on bond

and mortgage to thrifty home
buyers who pay all interest and
part principal monthly. That is
the way the funds of our clients
are invested ; and 11 years’ con¬
stant growth of assets, surplus
and profits Indicates the meas¬
ure of success achieved. We re¬
invest your f p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU B p. c. per an¬
num for every day we have
them, Increasing their earning
power 23 p. c. Write for par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . $1,700,000
Surplus and I’rofits,
$100,000

Industrial Savings k LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, New York.

Some people have the taking=cold habit

The old cold goes; a new one quickly comes. It’s the story of
a weak throat, weak lungs, a tendency to consumption. Ayer’s
Cherry Pectoral breaks up the taking-cold habit. It strength-
ens, soothes, heals. Consult your doctor about this, im®;:

THE BEST COOKING RANGE

MADE

Sold for Cash
or on Monthly
Payments.

$10 to $20
Saved.

Freight
-- / Paid.

_ Clapp’s

|S Ideal Steel
Range

is not BO per cent better than others. My superior location on
Lake Erie, where iron, steel, coal, freights and skilled labor are
cheaper and best, enables me to furnish a TOP NOTCH Steel
Range at a clean saving of $10 to $20. Send for free catalogues
of five distinct lines, BO styles and sizes, with or without reser¬
voir, for city, town or country use.

CHESTER D Cl APP. 602 Summit S»„ Toledo, Ohio.
(Practical Steel Range Man.)

28

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 14,

MARK

R

r

s

BEANS.

Murrow, 1904, choice . .

@2

.07%

Fair to good .

@2

.00

(a

—

@1

.72%

Rod kidney, choice .

(a

—

White kidney .

. . .2.8(1

Oj 2

.85

Black turtle soup .

@

—

Yellow eye . .

. . . 2.10

@2

.15

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

, . . 28

@

28%

Firsts .

. . 25

@

27

Seconds .

2°

@

24

Thirds .

... 18

(if

21

Held, extra .

. . 20

Of

20%
25 %

Held, firsts .

. . 23

Of

Held, seconds .

. . 20

@

22

Stale dairy, half tubs, extra

l . . -

(d\

20

Firsts .

. . 23

@

25

Seconds .

. . 19

@

»>*>

Thirds .

. . 10

(a)

18

Imitation creamery, firsts. .

. . . . 21

Of

Seconds .

. . 17

Of

18

Factory, held, firsts .

(if

17

Held, seconds .

. . 15

l/.@

10

Current make, tirsts .

. . -

@

17

Lower grades .

—

Of

14

Renovated, extra .

. . 21

Of

21 %

Firsts .

. . 18

(if

20

Lower grades .

14

Of

15

Backing stock .

. . 15

Of.

17

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy. .

—

Of

12

Small, fine .

. . -

Of

11%

Small, choice .

, -

(if

11

Small, fair to good .

. . 10

(if

10%

Small, poor .

Large sizes, Vi cent
Light skims, choice. . .

Cnmmon to fair ...
Full skims .

less.

X % Of 9 %

0-V. Of 10

0 % Of 7

4 @ 5

Of

32 fa
:;u p;
22 fa

20

18

15

.00

@

(<J

(if

(ii>

01

fa

<3

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, white . 3G

Fresh gathered, good to ch.

Extra, mixed .

Nearby, ordinary .

Western, finest . 27 %@

Average best .

Tennessee and other Southern

Fresh gathered dirties .

Checks .

Storage, April pack, fancy. . .

May and June pack . 18

Summer pack . 17

FEEDS.

Spring bran . 22.00

Middlings . 23.00

Red dog .

Hominy chop . 22.00

Gluten feed .

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 2. red, choice..

No. 1. Northern, Duluth.

Corn, No. 2, mixed .

Oats, mixed .

Rye. dull .

Barley .

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, King. Jonathan and

Spitzenlmrg, bbl . 2.00

Spy . 2.00

Ren Davis . 1.50

Baldwin . 1.25

Greening . 1.25

Bulk, 150 lbs . 75

Grapes, 4-Tb basket . 0

Bulk, ton . 20 00

Cranberries, ch. to fey., bbl. ..5.00

Poor to good . ’ . 2.00

Strawberries, Florida, qt .

DRIED FRUITS.

Apnles, evaporated, fancy .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to good...

Sun dried, sliced. Southern.

Canadian, quarters .

State and Western, qtrs. .

Southern, coarse cut .

Chops, 1 00 lbs .

38

34

31

2(5

28

27

27

10

Hi

21

10 V.
IS 14

@24.00
fa 2(5.00
(if 28.00
(it 24.00
fa 30.00

@1. 23"
(if 1 .27

10

(if

(if

(if

fa

>3

40

8(5

58

GO

fa 3.50
(if 2.50
Of 2.50
(o' 2.25
(7? 2.00
(571.25
(it 10
(5735.00
(57(5.50
(if 4.50
(57 75

0

5 V.

Of
<5?
4 % Of
4 Of
3 (57

3 V. (57

5 V>
5

4%

4

4 V

Blackberries

TTAY AND STRAW,
large bales .

3

Of

4

3

Of

3

1.40

Of 1

.00

21

(if

09

11

Of

12

G%@

7

13

Of

14

TTnv. prime, large bales . — (5710.50

No. 1 . 15.00 (5710.00

No. 2 . 1U00 (5715.00

No. 3 . 12.00 (5713.00

Clo'-er and clover mixed. . .13,00 Of 14.00

Wild . 11.00 (57 —

Straw, long rye . 23.00 (57 23.00

Short and oat . 0.00 (5715.00

HOPS.

N. Y. State, choice . 35 <57 37

Ordinary to prime . 20 (57 34

Pacific Coast, choice . 34 (57 30

Olds . — <57 14

German crop, 1004 . 00 @ 72

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3 V. cents per
quart in 20-cent freight zone.

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, I, .1., hulk, 180 lbs.. 1.87
State and Western . 1.37

Jersey, bulk. 180 lbs,
Bermuda, No. 1, bbl.

No. 2 .

Sweet potatoes, Jersey,

Brussels sprouts, qt .

Beets, old. bbl .

Southern. 100 bunches
Carrots, old, bbl .........

Southern, 100 bunches

bbl

. 1 .37
, .4.50
.3.00
. 2.00
4

.1.50
.1.50
.1.00
. 2.00

((72.12
fa 1 .02
fa 1.02
(a 5.00
fa 3.50
@ 3.50
Of 5
(a 1 .75
fa 2,50
fa 1.50
Oj 3.00

Cabbage, Danish

seed,

ml.

ton .

@35.00

White .

. . . 12.00

@ 1 5.00

Domestic seed. Ion....

. 9.00

@ 1 2.00

Cauliflowers, 1,. I.,

hhl . . .

.... 1 .00

Of 5.00

Celery, extra fancy,

, doz. .

.... -

@ 40

Medium to choice

.... 20

(if 35

Chicory, Southern,

hhl . . .

@5.00

Escarol. Southern.

hhl. ...

@4.50

Kohlrabi, loo bunches...,

@5.00

Kale, 1)1)1 .

Of 85

Lettuce, Southern, bbl . 1.00-

Onions, Conn, and En., white,

. 2.00

yellow, ha

bbl .

Yellow . . .

Red .

Orange Co.

Red . .

State and Western,

150 rbs .

White, bushel crate.
Parsnips, bbl .

iO

.2.00
. 2.50
yellow,

. 2.50

. 1.25

1.50

Peppers, Southern, carrier. ... 1.00

Romaine, Southern, bill . 1.50

Radishes, Southern, 100 bun.. 2.00

Spinach, bbl . 1.00

Squash. Hubbard, bbl . 75

Turnips, Can., ruta baga, bbl. 00
Tomatoes, Fla., bu. carrier. ... 1 .00
Watercress, 100 bunches . 1.00

@3.00

(577.00
(573.25
@2.75
(572.75
fa 2.75

(573.00
@1.75
(if 2.00
(571.75
(574.00
(573.00
Of 1 .75
@1.00
@1.00
@3.00
@2.00

20

@

21

18

@

19

—

@

18

10

Of

17

—

(d

10

23

@

24

17

(a>.

20

14

Of

10

—

Of

IS

15

@

10

19

Of

20

14

Of

15

—

Of

12

10

Of

1 1

1 0 U, Of

1 1

9

Of

10

13

Of

15

10

Of

12

12

Of

14

9

@

11

@9.00

@4.00

Of 7

.80

@5,

.15

DRESSED POULTRY
Spring turkeys, fancy. ....... 20

Nearby, fair to prime . 18

Western, fancy .

Western, mixed . 10

Old turkeys .

Capons, Phila., large, fancy...

Mixed weights . 17

Small and slips . 14

Western, fancy . —

Mixed weights . 15

Chickens, fancy, 8 to 9 lbs.

to pair. Ib .

Mixed sizes . 14

Western, fancy .

AVestern. average best . 10

Fowls. Western, fancy, heavy.

Average best .

Spring ducks, fancy .

Fair to good .

Spring geese, fancy..... .

Fair to good . . . 9

LIVE STOCK. _

Calves, veal . 5

Sheep . 2

Lambs . 7

Hogs, State . 4

Frozen Express Packages. — The usual

grist of complaints of damage to southern
fresh vegetables shipped to this market is
being ground out, and these complaints pene¬
trate the cuticle of the express companies
about as deeply as water does a cabbage
leaf. In most cases this injury takes place
on the platform where the stuff is unloaded
or while in the delivery wagons. Thus

whatever care may be taken during the tran¬
sit of these goods from the South is upset by
carelessness or lack of reasonably safe hand¬
ling facilities at this end. Why should ten¬
der vegetables that have been fairly well
cared for on a several-hundred-mile trip be
left for even half an hour on the New Jersey
terminal platform, with the mercury below
20, and then rattled around for an hour or
two in a cold express wagon before delivery?
The only answer is the general don't care
policy carried on by these express companies.
It is a case of: ship your stuff by us and
take the treatment we give you or keep it at
home. Of course considerable stuff is re¬
fused, so that the company gets no express-
age. and an occasional claim for damages is
pushed through, but the charges on what is
delivered and paid for many times over-bal¬
ance these losses, so why bother to make any
radical improvement for cold weather hand¬
ling. when the business for a year pays a big
dividend? AATarm storage for the most perish¬
able goods and a svstom of quick delivery in
closely covered wagons is needed, and if the
rates charged at nresent are not sufficient
to meet these needs, the.shinper could afford
to pay a little more for the warm storage
and special delivery rather than lose the
goods entirely.

ArPT.ES. — Trade lias been dull since the
holidays, and receipts are rather heavy for
current wants. On account of the inability
of growers and buyers to “get together” last
Fall the quantity of apples now in farmers’
cellars and country storehouses is greater
than usual at this season. Apple buyers are
making much of this fact, and claim that
these country holdings, added to the amount
now stored at all the large markets, will pre¬
vent any material improvement in price
until very late in the Spring. It

will not do to take very seriously the
numerous “estimates” of the quantity of
apples still unconsumed, ns they are sure
to be biased by the business interests of
those who give 'out the information. Those
Oregon apnle growers mentioned on first page
certainly do a good job and have an admir¬
able system for doing it, but they deal with
a special trade and are working under spe¬
cial conditions. If all the large apnle growers
in New York. New England, the Middle West
and the Piedmont section should sort and
pack in this way. no such prices could be had
for boxed apples, because the multitde of re¬
tail apple buyers cannot or will not pay 00
cents a dozen for apples. These western men
are so far from their market that they can¬
not afford to ship any but prime fruit, and
they are highly favored naturally in being
able to turn out Jonathans and Spitzenburgs
so richly colored that the limited quantity
offered is taken by those to whom nrice is
little object so long as they can get what they
wish. It is the business of these growers
1o turn out fruit up to this standard, and
production of this sort is a different affair
from growing the “barrel” fruit which is
harvested in hundreds of orchards. The use
of the box might well be increased to some
extent throughout the East, but good judg¬
ment must be exercised to avoid turning out
a nondescript product that would fall flat in
a competitive market. There are. however,
dozens of eastern apple growers who always
use barrels, and are only ordinarily careful
in grading, who can show just as favorable
a balance sheet as these Oregon people, even
after deducting the difference in freight paid
on the long-distance shipments, w. w. tt.

DIRECT TO YOU ‘Pr/ees7

$

By buying direct from us you
get factory prices with no mid-
*5 \ h\/1 Ibnj dlemen’e profit, you get every-

4M \1AI@| thing that is latest, best and
3t=a!sK?I most durable. Our large

free catalogue telle all
about our no money with
order plan, freight offer,
two yearB guaranty and
how we ehip anywhere on

B-ETAIL PRICE $45. | D|°S FreeTrial

We make 140 etylee of vehicles from up

and 100 styles of harness from $4.40 up.

IV rite today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO.,

B 527, Cincinnati, O.

Sawing Outfit $13.25

l Wo are selling this first-class Tilting Tabic Saw Frame
kfor only S 1 3.25. Thousands of them arc now
in use. Thisniachine will save you con¬
siderable money. Perfect construe-
Ition, made right or left-handed. We
Absolutely guarantee this Sawing Outfit
satisfactory in every detail. We ship
on approval. Send $1.00 as a guar¬
antee of good faith, if not entirely
satisfactory when received, leave it
with freight agent and we will re¬
fund you your $1.00 and pay the freight both ways. We
have b other kinds of sawing machines, including Dtag Sawing
Outfit, and we have saws, belting, etc., in fact, we are head*
quarter* for Sawing Machines; have a larger line than any
other firm and our prices are the lowest. We save you money
on everything yon buy, and we give you the same guarantee on
everything we sell. Send for our new catalogue No. 80. It’s
Free, and full of choice bargains, for we sell you anything
you use at almost factory cost.

Cash Supply it Mfg. Co., 371 Lawrence Sq., Knlamaxoo, Jlieh*

CIDER

PRESSES.

Investigate thc“ Monarch ”
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
struction, Added Con
veniences. Maximum
Capacity and Results,
Catalogue free.
MONARCH MACHINERY COMPANY,
41 Cortlandt Street, New York.

CAB DECT Possible results ship Apples, Sweet
lUn DCw I Poiatoes, Poultry, Kggs, Calves&
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN. 204 Duane St., New York.

Oldest Commission

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
K. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

BONNIE BRAE POULTRY FARM,

New Rochelle, N. Y.

Breeders and shippers of high class Single Comb Pure
White Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks. Stock
and Kggs for sale at all times. Largest poultry plant
in the vicinity of New York City. Agents Cyphers
Incubators, Brooders, etc. Correspondence invited.

R fl Y A ! TY PAID and Musical Compositions.
HU I ML I I I HID we arrange and popularize.

- - - PIONEER MUSIC PUB. CO.

^ O II oems 303 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, III.

WANTED!

A wkle-awnke, energetic farmer, in every commun¬
ity to handle the best Stock Food on the market.
Guarantee in every respect, or money refunded. One
iannersays:— “Sendme anothertou of Seneca Stock
Food, in twelve and twenty-tive-lb. sacks, also 6
dozen bog cholera cure. I sold the last lot on three
rainy days, and will say now that no one has asked me
for their money back.” Another farmer made JOtS
evenings last month. Write to-day.

SKNKCA CHEMICAL A STOCK FOOD CO., Tiffin, O

Uf JUITEft March 1st, a working farmer on a
WAR I CUl nrivate place. One who understands
cow s. sheep anu swine. Building modern. Wife ex¬
pected to care for dairy, and be a first-class butter-
maker. Good wages. Comfortable home; permanant
place. H. M. THOMSON. Thompson, Conn.

FRUIT FARM FOREMAN WANTED

For 250 acre Fruit Farm in Lawrence County, Ohio,
near Huntington. West Virginia. 10,000 apple, 4.000
peach trees three years old. Must be energetic, sober
and experienced in every department of fruit, berry
and vegetable growing. Wages paid include house
and garden free. Must take charge March 1st or
earlier. Also want two Assistant Foremen, with ex¬
perience in fruits, berries and truck growing.
Address, stating salary and^fiving detailed account
of experience and references. Would sell Interest
to experienced man. Box 20fi, Huntington, W. Va.

rnp Oil C— 300 acre FARM, mile from sta-
rUn wALC tion, twenty miles from Roches¬
ter, N. Y. Good soil. Buildings. 15 acres apples.

Will sub-divide — Take smallfarm in part payment.

Address, J. R. BAILEY, Box 208, Rochester, N. Y.

E* ID 1IC For rich farming and fruit growing.
■ A VI Ifl O Write J. D. 8. HANSON, Hart, Mich.

Virginia Farms

Best on earth for the money. Free Catalogue.
R. B. CHAFFIN & ()MIncor p., Richmond, Va

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any i>art of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM, T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn.

250 ACRES OVERLOOKING BAY $1,100

15 room, 2-story house; barn, 35x70; cuts 30 tons
hay; plenty wood; abundance fruit; details and
picture FREE with illustrated *• Special List ” of 200
farms in New England, New York, Delaware, Mary¬
land and the South. Address E. A. Strout. Farm
Dept. 42. 150 Nassau St., New York City or, Tremont
Temple, Bo ton.

Cider Machinery — Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co. ,118WestWaterSt., Syracuse.N Y.

M A PS, Reports. Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
4 Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board of Aghicoltuiie,

Dover, Delaware.

—Needing male
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders- Mail orders a Specialty
I. HERZ. Labor Agency/V Carlisle St., New Yorfc

ATTENTION

SILOS

Best. Cheapest, Also Horse Powers, Cut¬
ters, Hay Presses, Saw Machines, etc. i

HARDER MFC. CO., Coblesklll, N. Y.

PERFECTION III.

Sired by 1st Cockerel N. Y. Show,
1902, who was sired by 1st Cock, New
York, 1*01.

WINNIN a s

1st Cock, New York Show, 190-1. Sire
of 1st pen Cockerel, World’s Fatr, 190-1.
Sire of 2nd Cockerel, World’s Fair. Uro.
of 1st Cock, World’s Fair, 190-1.

AT ST. LOUIS WORLD’S FAIR

Our White Leghorns Won 1st and 3d Cocks. 2nd Cockerel, 1st for
Pullet, 1st and 5th pens, — Gold Specials, Specials for Shape.ete., 374
Birds competing.

Our White Wyandottes Won 5th Cock, 2nd Hen, 1st and 2nd Pul¬
lets. 2nd lor Display, 8 specials, etc.. 709 Birds competing. Ourwhinlngs
at all the large shows have been continuous, consistent and numerous.

Prices F. O. B. cars our yards with guarantee of good condition on de¬
livery to your nearest depot.

S 15 A pen mated for best breeding results from laying stoek.

830 A pen mated for exhibition breeding.

8R50 to #300 A pen of the birds of the quality, and in condition,
to win in any company.

Some choice breeding Cockerels #5 each.

Splendid stock now on hand to fill all orders.

Six Great Breeds— White Leghorns, White Wyandottes. White
Plymouth, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Black Minorcas, Light Brahmas.

Catalogue upon application to

ELM POULTRY YARDS

P. 0. Box Y, HARTFORD, CONN.

Angora Goats and Fox Terrier Dogs. Prices on application.
JE g y Orders Hooked Now.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil.e in¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Hound Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, EncauBtie Side Walk Tile, etc. W rite
• for what you want and prices. John H. jackso.n, ?a Third Are., Db.ny, n.y.

We Pay The Freight.

nrrni reo poll CQ OOC 00 For Farm Bud Stock usage they are .nequaled. The

ILLIiLloO OuHLLO <J0 JiUu. “Peerless” is a 6-ton C 'in pound Beam, Wagon and

Stoek Seale. Its material and workmanship is of the best obtainable, and each scale is
guaranteed for five years. This is not an ini rior Scale, and in order to con¬
vince, will send it on thirty days’ trial. Send for our catalogue. Address
PEERLESS SCALE CO., Milwaukee and Ft. Scott Aves., Dept. Z Kansas City, Mo.

IAMIAI CDnilC RIIGftlFQ Now Sold to Consumers
IWllALEDUiiE DUuUlEo at wholesale prices

(Our Elegant 1905 Model Sold on One Full Months Free Trial

Our prices are lowest and our terms the most liberal ever offered by a
reliable carriage manufacturer. Our leader for 1205 is the most stylish,
durable and beautifully finished buggy to be had at anything like the
WHALEBONE price. Equipped with long distance axles, patent padded
leather dash, rubber padded steps, roller rub irons, full length storm
npron, No. 1 best quality leather quarter top, green broadcloth
’ cushion and back over spring cushions, full length velvet
carpet and other up-to-dute fittings. This buggy gives you
greater value for less money than any on the murket.
GUARANTEED FOR TWO YEARS. A postul will bring
full information. Catalogue of our complete line of Vehi¬
cles and Harness is yours for the asking.

Ask for Wholesale Catalogue, A71

The Whalebone Carriage & Harness Co. Cincinnati, 0.

NEED A NEW

For old or new buildings of any kind use

PAROID ROOFING

The roof with quality and durability in it. You’ll be surprised at Its low cost and
longlife. Any one can apply it. Contains no tar. Slate color. Each roll contains
a complete roofing kit. Don’t take an imitation; get the genuine. Send for

Free Sample and book on “Building Economy." Established In 1817.

F. W, BIRD & son. East Walpole, Mass., or Monadnock Bldg., Chicago.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. - Get it from your Druggist.

1905.

29

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

This week I want first of all to thank
you for the generous response to our
request to help beat the record of sub¬
scription returns for the day after New
Year’s. We had a big day last year, and
we feared we might not reach it this
year, but we did. The increase is 21.32
per cent over the corresponding day last
year. It is a nice record. We feel proud
of it, and thank you for the prompt re¬
sponse to our request.

December is the first month in our
business year, and you will be interested
in the record of this month, as it usu¬
ally foreshadows something of the re¬
sults of the entire year. Strangely
enough the percentage of gain for
the whole month of December was prac¬
tically the same as the gain for the first
day of 1905 — to be exact, 21.34 per cent,
'['he gain in advertising for December
over December of the previous year was
23.2 per cent, or a little better than one-
fifth gain.

Sometime ago we promised to give you
the record for the business year which
closed November 30, just as soon as the
balance sheet was complete. We arc now
able to do so. The- increase of subscrip¬
tions for the entire year over the pre¬
ceding year was 21.4 per cent. The ad¬
vertising increase for the same time was
24.5 per cent, and the net earnings were
an increase of 15.5 per cent over
the net results of the previous year.
This net increase is going back to
subscribers this year by distribution of
The Business Hen. A remarkable thing
about this record is that the subscrip¬
tion increase for the year, for December,
and for the first day of 1905, is prac¬
tically the same for the three periods,
being a variation of less than one in
every thousand. The increase of adver¬
tising for December was also practically
the same as for the preceding year, the
variation being at the rate of one in
every hundred, but the net increase was
proportionately less, showing that as the
business increased we put more back into
the paper. In other words, we carry out
in practice the spirit of co-operation.
This steady increase is especially gratify¬
ing to us. We like it much better than
a larger irregular increase. The plants
that grow quickly wither just as quickly.
We prefer the steady development of the
oak to the spontaneous growth of the
mushroom.

We have not room for many letters
this week, but we are going to give a
sample or two from to-day’s mail.

Enclosed please find check for $1, for

which please send me The It. N.-Y. for 1905.

I did think of quitting your paper, but I
can't. I must have it. It's the kind of
neighbor a farmer needs. Don't let up on
the wire trust till quality is improved. Send
me “The Business Hen" if I am entitled
to it. c. e. s.

Mineral City, O.

Enclosed please find check for $1, for

which please renew my subscription to The
R. N.-Y. for another year. I take several
farm papers, but I like The R. N.-Y. the

best of the lot, and it will be the last one

I shall drop. F. J.

Jamesburg, N. J.

I enclose $1 to pay for “The Business
lien,” and one year's subscription to The
R. N.-Y. Wife joins me in welcoming to
our home a journal whose editor and pub¬
lisher, while having the material welfare
of the farmer at heart, yet think it nobler
to make men and their homes better rather
than richer. Yours for a Happy New Year,

Versailles, N. Y. J. f. s.

The Business Hen is going out these
days in cart loads. Our arrangements
for handling it have been complete. It
is all under our own control, and the
book goes every day to subscriptions re¬
ceived that day. Kindly report any case
of failure to receive it. No doubt an
occasional one will go astray in the
mail.

In the meantime do not forget to send

Ten Cents for Ten Weeks

subscription for a neighbor.

This is the work that counts. This
year we want to beat last year’s record,
and if we do you will share handsomely
in the result.

ANNUAL POULTRY SHOW.

The N. Y. Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock
Association held its 10th exhibition at Madi¬
son Square Garden during the week ending
January 7. The show was the most extensive
ever held here, there being 4,437 entries of
poultry and pigeons, besides the usual list
of pet stock and supply concerns. The so-
called business breeds were well represented,
Barred Rocks and White Wyandottes being in
greatest number. The combination of beauty
and size makes them specially attractive to
the average poultry show visitor, even though
he knows little about their other qualities.
I.eghorns in large numbers were on hand, and
the display of whites particularly fine. Or¬
pingtons, originated by Wm. Cook & Sons,
England, are increasing in popularity, a num¬
ber of American fanciers having taken them
tip. The Messrs. Cook have surprising prices
on their best birds, from $500 to $1,500 each
for roosters. Among fancy birds may be
mentioned Ilomer Davenport’s large display
of pheasants and several pens of peafowl,
both pure white and colored. There was a
full list of games, bantams, turkeys, ducks
and geese. All things considered, the show
was of a high standard and well worth a
thorough looking over. _

SPRAYING NOTES.

T.ime and Sulphur. — I have used the self-
boiled mixture described by A. N. Brown,
on page 20(1, of March 12, 1904, for San
.lost* scale, and found that by thoroughly
spraying once in March I can keep them
in check. I noticed one Idaho pear tree
which was covered with scale, and some of
its limbs were dead. I cut the tree hack
and gave it a thorough spraying. Result
was I did not find any live scale on this
tree before late Summer, and these may have
come from adjoining trees that were not so
carefully sprayed. This tree had some pears,
and all were perfectly free from scale.
Friend Brown says he took a common sugar
barrel. So did I, the first time. But the
intense heat and steam made havoc with
my barrel and liquid ; therefore I use a
heavy oak barrel. I also found that by add¬
ing two pounds of caustic soda after It
stops boiling, which is in about 25 minutes,
it will boil 15 minutes longer. I must also
tell you how The R. N.-Y. helped me to some
peaches this year. I thought my peach buds
were all frozen, so I went out with the saw
and took off the heads from a lot of my
peach trees and had intended to go over
them all, in but in looking over The R. N.-
Y. I found one of your correspondents ad¬
vising against if. saying the buds were not
all dead. Therefore, to my surprise, I har¬
vested a goodly lot of peaches. a. g. w.

CUPID’S MIRROR .

"The beauty of a woman’s face or figure
is but the external sign of the good health

within,” says Dr.
R. V. Pierce, of
Buffalo, N. Y., the
specialist in
women’s diseases.
Further, to be hap¬
py and beautiful
one must naturally
have good health.
Now, if a woman
has dragging-down
feelings, together
with constantly re-
' turning pains and
aches, a too great
drain upon her vi¬
tality and strength,
•he will never look beautiful. The feelings
of nervousness, the befogged mind, the
ill-temper, the pale and wrinkled face, all
result from those disorders peculiar to
women, and the only way to effect their cure
is to strike at the source of the difficulty.
There is every reason why she should write
some great specialist, one who has made the
diseases of women a specialty for a third of
a century like Dr. R. V. Pierce, founder of
the Invalids’ Hotel and Surgical Institute,
of Buffalo, N. Y. All correspondence is
held sacredly confidential, and he gives his
advice free and without charge.

During a long period of practice, Doctor
Pierce found that a prescription made up
entirely of roots and herbs, without the
use of alcohol, cured ninety-eight per cent,
of such cases. After using this remedy for
many years in his private practice he put
it up in a form that can be had at any store
where medicines are handled.

In many cases Dr. R. V. Pierce’s Favorite
Prescription will fit the needs and put the
body in healthy condition.

So sure of it is Dr. Pierce, he offers a
reward of $500 for women who cannot be
cured of Reucorrhea, Female Weakness,
Prolapsus, or Falling of Womb. All he
asks is a fair and reasonable trial of his
means of cure.

Don’t allow the dealer to insult your
intelligence by offering you a cheap sub¬
stitute.

Send 21 one-cent stamps to pay expense
of mailing and get Dr. Pierce’s Medical
Adviser in paper covers, free. Address
Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.

Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets are the most
desirable laxative for delicate women.

tk - A 9- a** jpi cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free. Dr. P Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N. V.

»jO HIORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph-
ffl thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BAliUY CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

Save % the Feed

Original Eureka Steam Feed Cooker will cook
a barrel of Feed in one-half hour. Requires
but little fuel. Saves labor. Tested to ono
hundred pounds’ pressure. Been on the
market for 20 years. With proper caro,

will last a lifetime.

Prico No. 1 with 9 Flues . . $19.50

“ “ 2 “ 13 “ . 20.50

Wo have a special No. 3 sizo, which is
tested to 100 pounds’ pressure, and will de¬
velop 2 horse-power, Prico $30.50.

KETTLE COOKERS

Price

$4.90
5.40
7.20
8.30
9.50
10.60
11.80
is nothing

HingedCover extras. 3 0
Coal Grate extra. .1.85
1 elbow, )

1 length pipe, > free.

1 damper, )

You could not buy better
kettle cookers at any
better manufactured.

Farmers’ Favorite Feed Cooker

NO. (JAT.8. SIZE LENGTH PRICE
CAPACITY BOILER FIREBOX

1

25

22x22x12

24 in.

$7.65

2

30

22x23x12k;

24 in.

8.65

3

40

22x30x14 “

80 in.

10.10

4

50

22x30x15

86 In.

10.75

5

75

22x48x17

48 in.

11.90

e

100

22x00x17

90 in.

13.25

G rate for Coal extra . ....3.00

Furnished free, length pipe, damper and elbow. Can furnish
extra pans for boiling sap, sorghum, and preserving fruit, etc.

This is a very line cooker and is used extensively by butchers,
sugar makers, stockmen, dairymen and others.

Another Well-Known Feed Cooker

No. Length Capacity Price

0 Oft. fi^bbls. $12.00

1 5 ft. 4 'bbls. 10.25

2 4 ft. 3 bbls. 0.00

3 4 ft. ljsbbls. 8.60
Elbow, length of pipo

and damper, free. Extra
pans at extra cost.

Cataloguo No. 80 showing
lowest prices of most
everything used on tho
farm. Send for it. We send
any cookor or any article shown in our new
mammoth catalogue on receipt of $1.00 hi show
good faith. / When received if not entirely satisfactory, leave it
with the freight agent and wo will refund your $1.00 and pay

freight both ways. CASH SUPPLY & MFC. CO-

370 Lawrence Square, • KALAMAZOO, MICH.

THE NIAGARA GAS SPRAYER

will handle

LIME, SULPHUR, SALT

to perfection.

No Valves to Cut,

No Packing to Wear,

No Piston to Grind.

TITTERINGTON BROTHERS,

Wholesale Dealers in Domestic Fruits
and General Merchandise.

ST. CATHARINES, ONT.

October 4, 1904.

Niagara Sprayer Co.,

Middleport, N. Y.

Gentlemen:— In reference to the Niagara Gas
Sprayer purchased of you last spring, 1 must say that
1 am very well pleased with It. 1 used the Lime, Sul¬
phur and Salt Mixture and, thanks to tho Sprayer,
did one of the finest jobs of spraying 1 ever saw done,
almost completely killing out the scale on a very
badly infected plum orchard. Yours respectfully,
JAMES TITTERINGTON.

A postal with your name and address will bring
our catalogue.

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO.,

39-41 Perry Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

BEST

COW STALL

IN THE

WORLD.

In USE in the
State Barns in
Illinois. Nebras¬
ka, Indiana, S.

Dakota, Mon¬
tana, etc., 100
Stalls In Kansas Government Barn. KING &
WALKER CO., Dept. “N," Madison, Wis.

Wire F ence 90r

48-in. stock fence per rod only *

Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog offences, tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leeaburg, 0.

FIVE OR THIRTY YEARS

Which will you have, tho Frost new method that will
last 30 years or a flimsy woven fence that may wear
five years? Our new descriptive circular will tell
you all about it.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

HOW TO RID YOUR ORCHARD OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT.

Dilute One Gallon of “CONSOL” with
Forty Gallons of Water, hot or cold ;
Spray with any Spray Pump.

The Result of a HALF MILLION
DOLLARS in experimental work.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

“ Valuable Infoimation on Orchard Spraying."

A Pleasure to Answer Inquiries.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

Hardie
Spray Pumps

Tho Codlln Moth which
annually dostroys
111,000,000 worth
of fruit.

should be used byl
every fruit grower. I
They save their cost|
In a single season|
and outlast any spray|
pump made.

Hardie Spray Pumps are made from the very
best and most durable materials. No compli¬
cated mechanism, no parts to wear out, rust or
become clogged, and “they work so easy”.

Our Book on Spraying, tells about every In¬
sect pest and disease which attacks fruit trees
and gives all the best and latest formulas for
preventing their ravages. It hIsokIvbb tho secret of
how the successful fruit Rrower makes bin money. Just
ask for it on a postal. It's absolutely froo.

1100K-H ARBI ECO. 1 1 1 Mechanic St. Hudson, Mich.

— THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze ball
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pump right or left hand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprayer combined.
Wc make 20 styles sprayers. Write for Catalog.

THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

ITenion A Hubbell, West'n Agts., Chicago.

With the f

ORCHARD

I Monarch

SPRAY.

B ™ Automatic Compressed Air

Sprayer. No band labor — has agitator and brushes for
£ cleaning strainers. Our froe book tel Is about It. “No swindled feeling”

■ if you buy our pumps. We alsomake the Empire King, Car*

■ field Knapsack and others*

Q FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. 2 1 1th St. Elmira, N.V.

SPRAY

for scale with the WALLACE
SPRAYERS. No expense for power
Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, Ill.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 48, Hightstown, N. J.

overnment Positions!

25,566 Appointments M2

ing the past year. Excellent opportunities fer
young people. Each year we instruct by mail hundreds
of fanners sons who pass these examinations and re¬
ceive appointments to life positions at $340 to $1200 a
year. If yon desire a position of this kind, write for our
Civil Service Announcement and learn how you may
secure it. It will be sent free. Mention this paper.

COLUMBIAN CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE,

223-25 Pa. Ave. 8. E. Washington, D. O.

mnowmwi.oW,

JHeaviestFence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire I

15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

kWe also sell direct to fanners atwholesale prices, /
V Colled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.

^ Write for Fence Book showing no styles, j

THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE C0.v
Cleveland. Ohio

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade. Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls;
Barb Wire, galvanized, 3c. per rod. in 80
and 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. Write your wants. Catalog/ree.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

Page Fence Peculiarities

All horizontal bars are Pa^e-Wire— a high-carbon basic open-hearth steel wire. Coiled
to provide practical elasticity— Holds its coil shape. Stretches up smoothly on hilly

ground— No cutting or lapping. Every horizontal bar is
positively a double-strength wire. Requires few posts
because of stiff, strong, coiled horizontals. Strong, high and
closely enough woven to hold all stock. Smoothly woven,
no locks, staples, rough joints, or sharp points. Continuous
cross bar construction. Seo the Knot, 20 years in
use— First erected still doing good service. Loop or
' Sliding Top feature found in no other fence. Factory
woven, by skilled labor, ready for the posts. All wires
heavily galvanized to prevent rusting. It costs you nothing
to investigate Patfe Qualities. Our LithographeiLCatalog
is free. Write for it.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,

Box 73I Adrian, Mioh.

3o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 14,

Live Stock and Dairy

EGGS IN DECtMBER.

Here in Yorktown, if you meet a friend
on the street you first ask, “How are you?”
then “Are your hens laying good ? How
many eggs are you getting now?” So it
seemed natural when our good friend The
R. N.-Y. asked me to tell how our hens

ing out the hay. The removal of many of
these fences might be a matter of economy
even now. Indeed there are great gaps in
some of them, showing that too many have
been built for them to be of profit to the
farmer. Wire fences are occasionally taking
the place of rails and stone walls where
fences are needed, and would be to a still
greater extent if wire were of as good qual¬
ity as formerly. The It. N.-Y. is right, I
am convinced, as it usually is, in the stand
taken regarding wire fencing.

arc doing, and although I realize our
story will seem small to some people who
have read about the one-hundred-dollars-
a-day egg farm, more will agree that our
hens are doing well for the middle of De¬
cember. Our highest egg record at this
time is 132 eggs in one day, yet we have
nearly 600 hens and 500 pullets. We have
some houses of pullets that are laying
as high as 50 per cent, or 10 eggs from
20 pullets, which means at this season that
everyone is laying, and we have some
houses resting and some pullets too young
to lay. We are getting five and six eggs
a day from some of our houses of old
hens, 30 hens in a house, and some houses
of old hens have not yet started laying
since their moult, although they look and
act as if they would soon begin to pay
their board. Do we consider this satis¬
factory? Yes, we do, for this season
of the year, as our hens are paying be¬
tween $1 and $2 a day clear profit.

A man told me to-day he had not had
an egg in two months, and yet he kept his
hens warm and fed them all they would
eat of the best there was. Why is it?
I don’t know ; we take the best care we
know how of our hens, but do not
pamper them ; the houses are far from be¬
ing warm, although they are tight and
dry. We only clean the roosts once a
week, and the floors about once a month.
Don’t bother the hens any more than you
can help, and always remember the hen
doesn’t have to lay if she doesn’t want
to. Company always cuts down our egg
record by going out to look at the hens.

FLOYD Q. WHITE.

SEEN IN A DAIRY COUNTY .

Belated Corn. — While on a little trip up
the West Branch of the Delaware recently,
among the condensery farmers where silage
is forbidden, I noticed even though as lale
as Thanksgiving time, many fields where
sowed corn had been grown and harvested,
but still left in the field. There appeared to
have been a good growth, and (he harvesting
well done. Large bunches, perhaps six to
eight feet in diameter on the ground, tied
twice toward the tops, were standing in many
fields. A large amount of fodder was thus
grown, and to all appearances it was keeping
in good condition. The fodder can be hauled
in, it is said, at any time in the Fall or
Winter. The method is approved by the Bor¬
den people, and quite likely is the best that
can be done under Borden restrictions. It is
possible that others who have no silos may
find the plan a good one.

Co-operative Creameries. — Although the
valley of the West Branch is rather narrow,
and it is bordered by ranges of enormous hills
on either side, sometimes apparently too steep
to climb, it is doubtless a fine dairy coun¬
try. Large herds of pure-bred or grade Jer¬
sey cows are seen all along the valley, good
farmhouses and elaborate and nicely painted
barns are everywhere in view from the rail¬
road. Condenseries, that with their accom¬
panying buildings and yards occupy acres,
are stationed every few miles. But even
the Borden people, with all their wonderful
facilities for handling milk and its products,
are not able to monopolize the milk business
here. The co-operative creamery is in evi¬
dence almost as frequently as the condensery,
though not usually as pretentious as that.
These creameries account for the silo which,
not infrequently, is seen along the valley.

Stoxe Walls. — The frequency of heavy
stone walls that one sees in Delaware County
gives evidence not only of the character of
land, but of the farmers as well. To clear
the land of stone is desirable, and where
ground is dry so that a wall will stand, a
wall is a good fence. But surely some of
these Delaware County farmers are, or have
been, too much interested in fences. Pas¬
tures and meadows, in some places, are cut
up into small lots by the numerous cross¬
walls. Of course, repairs must be made on
these at times if the fence is to be of any
value, and many hours must be spent along
the meadow fences mowing by hand and rak¬

Tiie Milking Machine. — It is up in the
valley of the West Branch where lives a cer¬
tain farmer with practical ideas, who milks
80 cows and sincerely deplores the necessity
of milking by hand. At the same time he
“hopes and prays," he says, “that no thorough¬
ly practicable milking machine will be per¬
fected, at least for years to come.” If there
should be, ne thinks, the eastern farmer
would have to go out of business. The West
has the cheap grain, the possibility of un¬
limited growth of Alfalfa, cheap pasturage,
reasonable rates of transportation to all
markets and if were possible for the western
farmer to milk 50 or 100 cows there would
be no chance for the eastern farmer except
for nearby milk markets, and that only to a
limited extent. This is a view of the milk¬
ing machine problem that bad never appealed
to me before. Possibly he is right. For
all that there are scores, if not hundreds,
of people who are “just about ready to put
a thoroughly practicable machine on the
market,” and equal thousands. T think it safe
to say. who are anxiously awaiting an oppor¬
tunity to buy a machine that answers this
description.

Spreading Manure.— All along the jour¬
ney that I recently took in Delaware County
1 saw farmers out in the fields in the morn¬
ing spreading manure from wagon or sled.
This was Hie accumulation of the previous
24 hours. Hauling manure to the fields and
spreading as fast as made is coming to he
the practice more and more among the best
dairy farmers. There is never a better time
to do the work, and most farmers agree that
manure will do the most good if applied to
the field as quickly as possible. Some g®
so far as to say that they would apply It oil
a river fiat as fast as made, even when
the river is likely to overflow, if reasonably
certain that they could have four weeks’
time before the freshet. This was the unani¬
mous conclusion of all who spoke on the
question at a farmer's institute. h. h. l.

CO IV RATION WITH LITTLE HAY.

TTow can I make up a ration for cows giv¬
ing a fair mess of milk, using good cornstalks
for coarse fodder, with say one feed of bay a
week? 1 am short of hay, but have plenty
of good bright stalks with some nubbins on,
part sweet cornstalks. I am a market gar¬
dener and raise no grain to feed. I am feed¬
ing wheat bran and gluten meal. c. a. b.

West Cheshire, Conn.

You can make a fairly good ration from

the feeds mentioned by using them in fol¬
lowing quantities :

Oarho-

Protein hydrates Fat

25 Mis corn fodder. .

. . . .02

.02

.30

4 lbs wheat bran .

. . . .50

1.02

.12

4 lbs. gluten meal.

... 1.31

1.72

.11

Total .

. . . 2.43

11.96

.53

I do not like to

depend

entirely

upon

corn fodder for roughage, and T know the
cattle would appreciate variety, but it
might not be advisable to buy hay. Per¬
haps in future you can plan to have a part
of the farm in grass, or raise some oats
and peas to go with corn fodder.

H. G. M.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-\r. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

TEN DAYS’

FREE TRIAL

of Mann’s Latest Model
Bone Cutter. . No pay un¬
til you’re satisfied that it
cuts easier and faster than
any other. Catalog' free.

F.W. Mann Co. ,Box 15. Milford. Mas*.

POULTRY SUPPLIES-

■ The Kind that Make Eggs -All per lOO lbs*
Recleanod Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; Mico Grit, tor
Poultry. 60c.; MicoGritfor Pigeons, 60c.; AlleoGritfor
Chicks. 6Cc.; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.85;
Sauls Poultry Mash Pood $2: Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2;
Saul’s Chick Food, $2.50; Cut Clover, $1.60: Clover Meal,
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25: Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bone. $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25; Hemp Seed. $3.60;
Sunflower Seed, $4.25; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue mailed free.

CH AS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y

BUY SUCCESS
POULTRY FOOD

it’s best for moulting fowls, also laying hens. It
contains clover, meat, bone and linBeed meal, thor¬
oughly mixed with corn, wheat and oats ground. 100
lb sacks, $1.75 F. O B. cars, at Colchester; 500 lb lots.
$8.00; 1000 lbs., $15.00. Oyster shells, 1001b sacks, 50c;
500 lbs., $2.00; 2(l0Olbs., $7.50 F. O. B. cars. New Haven
Ct. Write us for prices on cut clover and meat meal.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

rum IK

(POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
)it’s our business. Call or let us send you.
(our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the)
> asking— it's worth having. ^

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

) Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. <

OOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOC (

Tuttle s Elixir

is a quick and permanent cure
for distemper, founder, lameness
of all kinds, pneumonia, thrush,
cuts, bruises, collar and saddle
galls, colds, stiffness, etc. It is
used and endorsed by the Adams
Express Co. We offer

$100 Reward

for any case of Colic, Curb, Con¬
tracted or Knotted Cords, Splints,
recent Shoe Boils or Callous that
it will not cure.

Tuttle’s Family Elixir

is the best household remedy that can be used for
rheumatism, sprains and all other pains and aches.
Saves doctor bills and stops pain instantly. Our 100-
page book, “ Veterinary Experience,” free. Send for it.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co. 30 Beverly Si. Boston. Mass.

Be wu re of all so-called Elixirs. Oct Tuttle's, the only genuine, for
tale by druggiet $ or tent direct.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Enters New Year with

250

Two Hundred and Fifty Head of Regis¬
tered Holstein Cattle.

250

Offers for sale Service Bulls, Fresh Cows. Males and
Females of all ages. Actual sales since Oct. 18th,
#5 OOO. Headquarters for all. Circulars sent on
application.

HORACE L. BRONSON. Dept D . Cortland, N Y

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTF.IN-FRIESIANS

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution. Best Individuality
If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bell Calves.

A. a CORTELYOU, Neshanlc, N. J.

ftrr buys a registered DflC^O

OODh.F. Bull fromnUt 0

born April, 1904. Handsome individual. His dam is
a large producer His sire’s dam has A. R. O. record
of 2D 77 lbs butter in 7 days. He will please you.

H. 1). ROF, Augusta, Sussex County, N. «J.

BRILL FARM,

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right
E. C- BJU LL. Poughguag* N. Y,

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

[fin Oil r — several extra good Y'oung Perch-
rUn oHLl eron or French Draft Stallions.

F. T. WALLACE, Assumption, III

HIGH CLASS

PERCHERON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions . Scotch Collie
Pups. K.S. AKIN. Auburn. N.Y,

SACKS FOR SALE.

he finest lot of .TACKS and JENNETS I ever
vned. Some special bargains. Address,

BAKER’S JACK FARM,
lox Lawrence, Ind.

on HENS and CHICKS,
i ■■ . w _ 64-page book FREE.

D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, R. 1.

IEATH TO LICE

Pallia Dune each, fine ones, bred from trained

IjOll 16 ill Do s>0 stock. Eligible to record. Book¬
let free. Address, L. H. DEVOLLD, Caldwell, Ohio.

DCn CfiD CPPQ —Our Barred Rocks by 256 to
HkU lUn CUUOi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
th facts about better methods in Breeding. Hatch
g and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, Ill

Var’s Poultry. Pigeons. Parrots, Dogs. Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty . 60 P; ,,

Rates free. J. A. BERGEY.Box 8, Telford,! a,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41, Weedsport, N Y

SPECIAL BARGAINS,

If ordered at once. In Cockerels, Fullets and
Hens. We have 8.C. and R. C. Brown, Bf. and White
Leg. White, Bf. & Brd. P. Rocks, White. Bf. Silver &
Gold Wynd., Buff Orpingtons, R. I, Reds, Minorcas,
Brahmas, Cochins, Pit Games, and allotlier breeds.
MT. BLANCO POULTRY FARM, Carpenter, Ohio.

RP k. Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs. Bar.

i Ui Rocks, Wh.ABf.Wyandottes, Reds,Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO., B., Delaware, N. J.

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

on POULTRY

and almanac for 1905, contains 824
pages, with many fine colored platcsof
fowls true to life. Ittclls all about chickens,
their care, diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and howto operate them.
All about poultry houses and how to build
them. It's really an encyclopaedia of cliicken-
dom. You need it. Price only 1 5c.
SHOEMAKER, Box 8 1 3, FREEPORT, ILL.

BAII! TOY PAPER, illnst’d, 90 p»B*
rUULI n I 25 cents per year. 4 months'
trial 10 cents. Sample Eree. 64-page practical

goultry book free to yearly subscribers.

;ook alone 10 cents. Catalogue of poultry
books f ree, Poultry Advocate , Syracuse, N.1T

Breeders’ Directory

GEDKTEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER GCOOO

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th
•“ornFcb 22.1901, and considered the best Jersey bul
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out ofim-
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTKS.

f?r Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

WHITE SPRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanle 7th, 502.9 lbs. of but’er
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie. 47(5.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Klorham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 608.4 lbs. of butter In one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 3
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N.Y'.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from tSIOO to SR300, also several mature bulls.

UniQTflN Dljl I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlll DULLOfew choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y.

FOR SALE

Purebred Hoistein-Friesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices ''elivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y.

mRKG. JERSEY BUHLS, one month to 18
months old. Photograph of each.

WM M BIGHAM S SONS, Gettysburg. Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; readv for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto.*- M. L.
Bowersox,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,U

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices WILLOUGHBY FARM. Gettysburg, Pa.

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for I am in ’-ctsi-
ti"n to fill your oru.-r with up-to-date breeding;
order a Sow bred at once for Spring farrowing.

JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

O. I. C. PIGS.

August and September farrow. Two Brood Sows;
registered stock. Pairs and trios not akin. Farmer’s
prices. F.J SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia.N Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. Write for
prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; we refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

BERKSHIRES 2 to 10 mos. old, $4 00 up, 200 lb. C.

White Boar, $16.00, Collie Pups, $3 00 up. Barred
Rock Cockerels, $1.00. W. A. LOTHERS, Lack, Pa.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All first
class individuals.

J E. WATSON. Proprietor. Marbledale, Conn.

rtliroi »■ DrC-YounK Boars,
I I EL I I | I \ EL Sows and 3-month
Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. 8. LULL. Freeville, N. Y.

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCK HENS and DRAKES

for sale. VERNON H. TIGER, Gladstone, N. J.

60— GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— €30

Write for prices for best bred and finest BULL CALVES in America. Fine show animals one month
to one year old. Sire contains one-half the b ood of Katy SPOFFORD CORONA, the World’s Champion
Heifer in her class. In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS, America’s leading strain for22 years. ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
Long Distance ’Phone. E. H. KNAPP & SON, Fabius, N. Y.

1905,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3 1

A TALK ABOUT INCUBATORS.

Will some reader of The R. N.-Y.
who has had experience with “lamp
trip" device for incubators tell us whether
it is a good thing, or is it something to be
let alone? I bought a worthless machine
last year, and I want a good one this year.
The one I think of buying has hard rubber
thermostat and lamp trip instead of damper ;
are such reliable? Tell us how to buy a
pood machine. If I buy one on trial and it
does not suit, can I get my money back?
Who has tried to do so? inquirer.

I have used both the lamp trip and other
kind of regulators. I regard the damper ma¬
chines as the easiest to care for, but the
lamp-trip machines use the least oil. I think
It would be an easy matter to buy a machine
on trial. If I wanted an incubator I would
demand a trial to know whether I liked the
machine before buying. If the maker was not
willing to have it tried I would think he was
afraid it would not do the work. Or else buy
a machine and have it guaranteed to do the
work satisfactorily or to be returned. We are
having quite severe weather so far and with
the ground covered with snow nearly all of
last month eggs are very scarce, but we are in
no great hurry, as we want the hens to be
doing their best in the very early Spring,
when the demand for eggs for hatching is in
its height. D- A- mount.

Jamesburg, N. J.

I have had no experience with a “lamp
trip" device on incubator. If the inquirer
intends to hatch artificially for profit, he can¬
not afford to waste valuable time experiment¬
ing with cheap Incubators. They will hatch
eegs tgood ones) of course, but have to be
watched almost constantly. The most import¬
ant features to be considered in an incubator,
are a reliable regulator, and a thorough sys¬
tem of ventilation, without any direct draft.
There ought to be no trouble finding a good
machine— there are at least half a dozen per¬
fectly trustworthy makes. The hens and put*
Uts have done exceptionally well this Fall
and Winter, so far. in the matter of laying,
and general good behavior, and I think the
principal reason is the extreme and unusual
drvness of the season. We have had no
tmavy rain in northern Ohio since the middle
of September and as yet no very low tempera¬
tures to cause frost and consequent dampness.
We have also been favored with a good deal
of sunshine, which always produces high
spirits in any normal hen.

Brooklyn, O. iitlandale farm.

All the experience I have had with the
“lamp trip" for incubators lias been very un¬
satisfactory and I would never buy an incu¬
bator that' used one. I would also fight shy
of the hard rubber thermostat, as to my mind
and from all the experience I have had I
find that those with an all metal thermostat
are far the most trustworthy. Don’t buy an
incubator because it is cheap in price, for it
will be the most costly in the end. There are
many good makes on the market. The hot¬
air machines are the best, as they have no
water tanks to rust out, and it does not take
so long to change the amount of heat. One
of the main things in an incubator is an
oven temperature of 103 degrees, a good
double metal thermostat will keep that. An¬
other is a machine that will run with the
least amount of oil, and which is able to
stand the changes in the outside temperature
without anv change in the heat in the ma¬
chine. Also be sure that the machine Is
well made of kiln-seasoned lumber and air¬
tight aside from the ventilators. If you buy
on trial I see no reason why you cannot get
your money back if the machine does not suit.
My pullets are doing well, although T have
not been trying for Winter eggs, as T am
keeping breeders only. They have started lay.
Ing well and the only reason I can give for it
is early pullets, care and proper feed, also
good warm houses. grand view farm.

Stanfordville, N. Y.

By all means let it alone. With all pos¬
sible allowance for other people's opinions,
I will say the lamp trip device is a snare,
and with* an incubator where the lamp is
burning continuously, no matter how well
cared for, sometimes a crust will form on
the wick, the lamp trip fails to work, and
the chickens are cooked. The poorest place
in the world to save money is buying an
Incubator. Get the best, even if it costs
twic-1 what the poor one does. The first
cost is the smallest item about running aM
incubator. We have often placed .$30 worth
of eggs in a $29 incubator, and anyone can
see the necessity of having the best machine
made to risk so many valuable eggs with. We
would not try to tell anyone what machine to
buy. but will give an idea what to look for
in buying a new machine.

Get* one with a steady flame regulated by
hand, and with a very powerful as well as
exceedingly sensitive thermostat that will
regulate the temperature to the fraction of
a degree, and be sure no lamp fumes enter
the machine. The best makes nowadays take
care of the moisture without troubling the
operator. The ventilation is still much a
matter of theory, most machines not having
enough of it, and a modification of both
plans seems good. We like to give some
ventilation at top and bottom of machine,
always remembering the colder the air the
less ventilation most be given. I believe at
present some of the incubator companies are
offering to return a man’s money if he is not
satisfied after a year's trial of their ma¬
chines, but I never heard of anyone getting
his money back or even trying to.

FI.OVD Q. WHITE.

I consider the incubators with “lamp trip”
perfectly reliable, if the remainder of the in-
cubator is properly made with the proper ma
terial. With a good thermostat the temper¬
ature can be accurately regulated. I have
had experience with a metal thermostat only,'
and know nothing about the rubber ones. In
purchasing an incubator buy only the best,
as a poor machine is expensive even if it cost
nothing, as a poor one requires so much atten¬
tion. and then satisfactory results cannot be
obtained. Some cheap incubators are recom¬
mended by those who use them, but as a rule
the best are the cheapest in the end. The
first cost is hardly to be considered when we
take into consideration the expense of run¬
ning one.

With a good incubator we can reasonably
expect a high percentage of the fertile eggs
to hatch with very little attention on the part
of the operator, while with an inferior ma¬
chine, even though the strictest and most
careful attention be given it, the results are

often very unsatisfactory. The difference in
price between a cheap and a first-class incu¬
bator can often be saved in one year by secur¬
ing better hatches with less labor. In pur¬
chasing an incubator buy only from reliable
manufacturers, or agents who guarantee all
their machines. If they are reliable they will
make good their guarantee. An incubator
that will hold at least 200 eggs is more
profitable than a small one, as it requires very
little more oil and no more time to operate
than one of 50-egg capacity. Manufacturers
of cheap incubators often make extravagant
claims for their machines, and exert every
effort to convince a prospective purchaser
that theirs is the best on the market, but the
safest plan is to buy an incubator that is
recommended by some* reliable poultry breeder
who has no ax to grind. A good 100-egg size
incubator can be purchased for $15 or $20,
and a 200 or 220-egg size can be purchased
for $25 to $30. j. w. cox.

Pennsylvania. _

Cows and Pumpkin Seed.

Is there any foundation for the theory that
pumpkin and squash seed have a tendency to
dry off cowrs when fed to them? c. f. w.

Littleton Common, Mass.

Pumpkin seeds have some action upon the
kidneys, and are used to some extent as a
medicine for expelling worms. In ordinary
quantities they will not. dry off cows. We
once lost some young pigs, as we believe, by
feeding too many pumpkins. They lost the
use of the hind legs — due, we believe, to
weakening of the kidneys in cold weather.

Animals that Gnaw Wood.

Will some experienced reader of The R.
N.-Y. give his opinion as what to give cows
and horses that are constantly eating and
gnawing wood ? b. l. t.

These animals gnaw wood because their
systems are out of order, owing to a lack of
phosphates, or bone-forming material, in their
food. Feed them fine bone meal, wheat bran
or linseed meal.

Lime Around Apple Trees.

After removing the sod surrounding large
apple trees I intend to apply about four
quarts of lime to the base of each tree trunk.
What effect will the lime have? f. s. ii.

Sellersville, Pa.

It will depend somewhat upon the present
condition of the soil. If it is very sour
the lime will have a good effect, though not
as good as would be the case if the lime
were scattered farther away from the trees.
We can see no good reason, why you should
put the lime close up to the tree trunks.

Caring for Hen Manure.

How can hen manure from 300 fowls be
best cared for? We have TOO young apple
trees to feed and have made a practice of
carrying same each morning until about
300 have had quite sufficient for awhile;
the rest are some distance from the building.
Could a covered rain-proof bin be constructed
outside, and the droppings each morning
be emptied into this? What mixing agent
would you use to preserve it? n. v.

Old Chatham, N. Y.

This question is answered on page 123 of
The Business Hen. We should keep the ma¬
nure dry, crush it in Spring and mix it with
chemicals, as described in the book.

Scalding a Hog.

At what temperature should the water be
to scald a hog properly? Do the large pack¬
ing houses put anything in the water to
help loosen the bristles? w. f. g.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

The rule is to use water at a temperature
of about 190 degrees for scalding hogs. In
farm practice the water should boil. When
put into a cold barrel the water will be about
right. If the temperature runs down to
1(55 degrees more time will be required, while
if the water is too hot the hair will set, caus¬
ing more trouble than when cool water is
used. Wood ashes, lye or lime in the water
will help start the hair. We understand that
the large packers use lye.

EXPENSIVE FEED

I f you skim by the old setting method you leave
cream in the skim milk which you feed to your
stock. This is in reality feeding butter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take all the butter fat out of your milk. It will in:
crease the butter production one-lifth. It will give
you warm sweet Bkim milk for feeding. The

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It has a very
simple bowl construction, making
it easy t o wash. 1 1 is also tneeasiesi
running of all separators. W rite
for our Book 50 , telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. This
requires no payment until
Separator nas proven its
worth after five days’ trial.
Then conies a small cash
payment; the balance in
easy monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE CO.
NEWARK, N. J.

General Western Agents:
Hastings Industrial Co., 79
Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

Desirable Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory.

Fall height
4 ft. 4 in.

/ Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you use

MODEL

r-f —

m

&

jc&i

is the egg that Is laid when eggs
are high, and the hen that lays the
golden egg is the hen that is fed
Dr. Hess Poultry Pau-a-ce-a. This
preparation, fed with other foods,
tones up the egg-producing organs
and enables the system to appro¬
priate all the egg-making material
from the stuff fed. It makes hens
lay all winter.

DR. HESS
POULTRY
PAN-A-CE-A

is the guaranteed egg producer. Cures
diseases as nothing else can. Costs
but a penny a day lor 30 to 60 fowls.

1} lbs. 25c, mall or f

express 40c 1 Kxcrpt In Cnn.tln

5 ll>s. 00c < «n<l extreme

1 2 lbs. * 1 .25 J West and South.

25 lb. pail *2.50. V.

Sold on aWritten Guarantee

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48 page
Poultry Book, free.

DR. HESS & CLARK

Ashland, Ohio

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE.

OU’RE LOOKING

for just such machines
as Miller’s <

Ideal Incubators!

3943 Hennv St. BUFFALO.

Experience.

I put all I knew after making 60,000
other machines into my pay-for-itself

OLD TRUSTY
INCUBATOR.

It (jot to the front i n a year. Every one sold doing
what I made them to do. They ’re working forme.
Redwood, cold rolled sheet copper, safety lamp,
automatic regulator. Every one goes out with

40 Days Free Trial and 6 Years Guarantee.

Write for my FREE Catalog and Advice Book, 300 poul¬
try illustrations.

M. M. JOHNSON CO.. Clay Center, Neb.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

ST 4"h For a 60-Egg Hot Water,
Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
S3 for 50-chick brooder. Only 87.50

for complete outfit. 30 days’
trial. Send for FREE catalogue.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Springfield, Ohio.

No agent's
protits to pay.

and Brooders. Sent on \

I 30 DAYS TRIAL. Abso- i
I lutely automatic. Test It
| yourself. Bit? poultry and
poultry supply book Free. 1
J. w. MILLER CO., Box 97, Freeport, III.

tell* howtomnkcTnoney

— llow to raise young chicks
for early springinarkets when
prices are high. Howto make
a profit on clucks. How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn al>out incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
x867,and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free*

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, Ill.

$ I 0-80 For
I <4 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect In construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. ti. STAHL, Quincy, Ill

THE

Great Western “SL,

Smth

When you load It you know its
parts are equal to their duties.

Acre Produces

A Third Mere

by a proper top dressing of
manure. The Great Western
does it evenly, thick or thin,
as wanted, and equals 15 men with the fork. Spreads so you get the full manure value — none
thrown in chunks or piles to waste. Handles manure in all conditions, and all kinds of fertil¬
izers. Endless Apron, Hood and Endgate, Non-Bunchable Rake. Light Draft, Ball and
Socket Bearings. Strength and Dura-biUty, are exclusive Great Western features. Sold under
strong guarantee. Stocks carried and shipments made from cities in your section. W rite for
catalogue, showing latest improvements. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

Smith Manure Spreader Co., 13 S. Clinton St.y Chicago, III.

■ »■■■ mi ■MHiaiamaMiwiiaiTiwiaTaiTrrmrB-m - - ’ — — ■ ■■ - — - -

^ Ohio Shredder Blades

(1 "Paient Applied _for)

make efficient shredders out of “Ohio” Feed and Ensilage
Cutters. The New Shredder Bla.de is the regular “Ohio”
knife with solid integrally projecting bits which cut and
tear corn stalks into a nicely shredded condition, as shown
in the picture. It makes corn-hay of the fodder.

Shredder Bla.des are interchangeable with knives on all
sizes "Ohio” Cutters. They successfully reduce fodder to
the proper condition and do not pulverize the leaves like
other styles. They shred with the same power, speed and
capacity as “Ohio” Cutters, and either the Chain or Blower
Elevators handle the shredded corn perfectly. Speed, 600
to 700 revolutions. Power, 2 Horse Tread up to 12 h. p.
Engine according to size. Let us send the 1904 catalogue
of “Ohio” Cutters and Shredders. "Modern Silage
Methods” 10c, coin or stamps- Manufactured by
THE SILVER MFG. CO.. SaJem, Ohio. Established ,s54-

32

January 14, 1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

HUMOROUS

There once was an ichthyosaurus,

Who lived when the earth was all porous;

But he fainted with shame

When he first heard his name,

And departed a great while before us.

— Credit I.ost.

“Don't you think Miss Lingerlong’s
face looks rather worn?'’ “Well, she has
been wearing it since 1S6S.” — Credit Lost.

Justice: “Do you understand the na¬
ture of an oath, little girl?” Little Girl:
“It’s something you say when you hit
your head against the mantel.” — Boston
Transcript.

“Your yard is pretty full of dogs,” said
the caller. “Are they all yours?” “No,”
replied the man of the house, flushing
with resentment. “I’m not so durned
poor as that.” — Chicago Tribune.

“Your trouble, madam,” said the physi¬
cian, “seems to be an excess of adipose
tissue.” “My goodness!” exclaimed Mrs.
Plumpton, “I wonder if that isn’t what
makes me so awfully fat?” — Chicago
News.

Rooster: “Don’t you know you’re sit¬
ting on a litter of glass eggs?” Hen:
Sh ! Don’t mention it ! As long as the
hired man takes me for a fool he'll bring
me my meals, and I won’t have to grub
for a living.” — Detroit Free Press.

Tommy: “I can so count up to five on
my fingers, can't I, ma?” Ma: “Yes, Tom¬
my, but don't brag. I saw a little boy
no older than you to-day who could count
up to fifty.” Tommy: “Gee whiz! Where
did he get all them fingers?” — Philadelphia
Press.

«UY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLES AL IS PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 81 yrars. Officially Endorsed by the
urange. Low prices will surprise you. W
0. W. INGERSOLL. 346 P[

rite for Samples.
340 Plymouth St., Brooklyn. N. V.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

35to 30 percent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Sj)lct*K, Extracts nrnl linking
Powder. lieAutifu! Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. (HaKGKS PAID.
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. I).
care of

THK GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St. .New York.

GRASS SEEDERS all

and up. Particulars and cuts free.
OUv/a 8EEDER MF01. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich

ALL KINDS
PRICES

ZL'ORMAS & Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFC. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. Fret Catalog

Fine Birds

OurlOO breeding pens show fancy stock
that has prize winning blood bred in
them. All the leading varieties of

Chickens. Turkeys, Ducks and Cease.

Rate birds for fanciers from select matings
Prices low for high quality. Poultry cata^
logue 4c. Incubator catalogue free.

DesMolnot Incb. Co., Dep. 90 OesMolnes.la

A Free Book About

Incubators

We issue the best book ever written on
incubators — written by a man who has
spent 23 years in perfecting them— by the
man who made the Racine. It tells facts
that you must know to get the right incu¬
bator. Don’t buy without reading it. for
the book is free. We Pay the Freight.
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 , Racine, Wls.

Warehouses : Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

LA4

liiSSY?”

M.cs.s.FMoe wo,

II’! , MICH.

This steel
Forge j

WILL EASILY 1
WELD A --H
4INCHWAC0NTIHE-1
Fully guaranteed.

TIME 2f MONEY
BY 00ING
BLACKSMITHING
ANDREPAIRING

AT home:

ANY FIRMER GAN START

a welding fire in
this steel forge
In two minutes and do repairing nt home.

UfC PIIJtDiyTrr onrsteel forges to equal in
flE UUnnOii I LL every way any 110 forge and
to bo as represented or money refunded.

Special Introductory Prices.

forgo, 1 pr. of tongs and I anvil vice combined, al.
for *6.00. Our forges have been used and endorsed
by farmers in every state and Canada for the last
7 years. Write for free catalog and testimonials.

c. A. S. FORGE WORKS. Saranac. Mich.

A Nev fr Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safe

> small cost may be had by using the

Improved I Jcr Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improv ^Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

__ Hi

Built by us for m ^ Phn 30 years and sold In every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended 1 <*ec tjraplng water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built tha ^ *1 durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago belt. in active service.

8cnd stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St. , Montreal, P.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pftt SI., Sydney, N. S. W.

Tenlentc-Rey 71. Havana. FiiLh.

To the Gentleman Farmer or Poultry Fancier who is willing to invest
.$10,000 in the sole-proprietorship of a recently developed and thoroughly
popular strain of practical pou try, pre-eminently at the head of the breed, is
offered an exceptional opportunity. With fair management, from $1,500 to
$3,000 per year may readily he cleared from the investment. Fullest inves¬
tigation invited from thoroughly responsible intending purchasers. .Sale
will include Business, Good-will, Entire Stock of Birds, among which
are found EVERY FIRST PRIZE WINNER at World’s Fair, St.
Louis, 1904, in strong competition. Good reasons for selling. Price
named is low for what is offered.

Address: POUJLTRY, care Rural New Yorker, N. Y. City.

STRICTLY
-AUTOMATIC
.THROUGHOUT

Standard Cyphers Incubators

are guaranteed to hatch more and healthier chicks with less oil and
less attention In your hands than any other, or your money back. Ab¬
solutely automatic and self-regulating. Used and endorsed by 42 Gov-
, emment Experiment Stations and by America’sforemostpoultrymen.
I Complete Catalogue and Poultry Guide. 212 pages (8x11,1 more than MX)
•-illustrations. FREE, if you send addresses of two neighbors who keep
good poultry and mention this paper. Address nearest office.

■CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO Kansas City or San Francisco,

AGRICULTURE,

HORTICULTURE, DAIRYING AND ANIMAL INDUSTRY

thoroughly taught at your own home by twelve of the finest experts employed by the
United States Agricultural Department. If you wish to learn scientific farming but can¬
not afTord to leave home to attend college, send for our Agricultural Catalogue and learn
how you can secure this education by mail with very little expense. Mention this paper.

Columbian Correspondence College, Washington, D. C.

One Man Better Than Two

Planet Jr. Garden Tools

make gardening so simple, so easy, that with them one
_ man brings larger and better returns than two, and some¬

times half a dozen, under the old methods. They pay for themselves in a season. For a thoroughly

urouiim-oincciuuc i ifinvru a i • Aiiic, jiuTAu«iiiiK pittm ana com umeu sueaei 8, WJiec

walking cultivators, harrows, one and two-liorse cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc

No. 12 Double Wheel Hoe

Is a liglit-rnnning, perfectly-working tool— a favorite everywhere. With cultivator and plow attachments
it may be converted into implements without equal for weeding, cultivating, furrowing, ridging etc
W orks between or astride rows ; to or from plants. Anyone can fit attachments in a moment. .

No. 3 Hill and Drill Seeder

is always chosen when a thoroughly reliable, never-get-ont-of-order seeder is
s. required. Plants all garden seeds in continuous rows or in hills 4, fi, 8,12 or /
54 inches apart. Changed instantly. No waste in stopping ; no hills ^
missed in starting. M ark s rows 6 to 20 inches apart. Opens fur-

irting. ju urns rows « to 20 inches ap; _

rows, drops seed, covers and rolls as fa6t
operator can walk. Don’t fall to get
the catalog.

S. L. Allen & Co., Boxll07-V
Philadelphia, Pa.

No. «.

Hill

and

Drill

Seeder

BEAN GROWERS, ATTENTION.

The Smith Patent
Roller llean Sepa¬
rator is the only

ROLLER BEAN
SEPARATOR

manufactured in the
world; will lessen the
work of picking Beans
75 per cent, over any
other machine manu¬
factured. Will more
than save its cost in a
single season. Send for
illustrated catalog.

SMITH MFG. CO.,
Valois, N. V.
Manufacturers of all
kinds of

FRUIT PACKAGES

Gas and Gasoline
ENGINES

Made from lkl to
60 horse power.
Honestly and
solidly con¬
structed. Over
7000 in use; have
all the good
f eatures grow¬
ing out or our

14 Years Continuous Experience

Simple and durable. We have something new
of special value at low cost, ('an make prompt
shipments. Write for Catalog and information.

C. LAMBERT Gas ® Gasoline Engine Co.
Anderson, Indiana.

A PMC Pulverizing Harrow

Jl V IT I !■ ' Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SIZES

3 to !3/2 feet

Agents

Wanted.

I deliver f. o. b. at

DUANE H.

BRANCH HOUSES:
KANSAS CITY. MO

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
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all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast
. steel and wrought iron

h — indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.
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JAN 1 0 IQ

BLACK NOSED GUERNSEY CATTLE.

Should They Be Used?

IIow often in the breeding of your herd do you find what
is known as a black-nosed Guernsey? In some herds there
are a fair proportion of these black noses. The style seems
to he against them now, although we have no reason to be¬
lieve that these black-nosed animals are really inferior to
the others. We would like to know how many of them you
find in your herd during the course of a season, and whether
you disqualify them entirely. Would you sell them for a
lower price, and would you consider them just as good for
heading a herd of grade cows?

I get probably four per cent of black noses. The
Guernsey Cattle Club has placed its seal of disapproval
on black noses; of course that makes them unpopular,
and they have to be sold for a sharp discount. I think the
fad fancies are a great evil, but it is only a waste of time
to oppose them, so we often have to do what our better
judgment is against, and discard black-nosed Guernseys.

New York. clayton c. tayi.or.

Black noses on Guernsey cattle are not a sign of im¬
purity. It is but the cropping out of the characteristics
of the little Black Brittany blood which was contributed
to the foundation stock. The ideal colored nostril in a
Guernsey is a buff or cream color. The scale of points
gives but one point in 100 in females and
2 2A in 100 in males in favor of the buff
nose. The proportion of black noses
varies somewhat. Some strains or ani¬
mals seem to throw more than others. In
my own herd, out of 22 calves last year
only one was black-nosed, and he was
vealed. I would not head a full-blood
herd with a black-nosed bull, but he would
do good work in a grade herd. I consider
a black-nosed bull calf worth just a little
more than veal prices. On the other hand,
while I would prefer a buff-nosed female
and consider her of somewhat higher mar¬
ket value, 1 would not throw aside a good
cow because she had a black nose. I
would be care' d to breed her to a buff-
nosed bull, and one whose parents were
strong in this respect. The ideal Guernsey
nose is buff. It is always wise to have
an ideal and strive for it : that ideal should
always be a high one. It does not follow,
however, but what some worthy dairy ani¬
mals fall short in this respect. The dairy
utility standpoint is one thing, but when
coupled with good qualities as a breeder it is another.

Sec. Guernsey Cattle Club. wm. it. caldwell.

1 very seldom have black-nosed Guernsey calves, but
one last year, and that because of a sire I bought
in the West. My heifers have always had buff noses
except when I used the Mainstay blood. Some calves’
noses are cloudy or smoky, which passes away as they
grow older. 'It is a fancy point only, yet their value is
lessened because of it. Lilylita had a black nose, but
because of her record sold for $2,000. Farmers desiring
to grade up a herd do wisely in getting the best blood
cheap because of black noses. I have known black¬
nosed bulls and cows that always produced buff-nosed
calves. Among the early stock imported by the Biddles
of Philadelphia were Guernseys that were black and
white in color, so black noses, brindles or shades of
black are no indication that the animals are not purely
bred. There is no breed of cattle that has for a longer
tune been purely bred than the Guernseys in their native
island, and there you yet find these off colors. They were
bred carefully with the idea of producing animals that
would give a good lot of yellow milk, rich in fat, with
no thought of color until recent years. To-day Guernsey
butter sells for more than any other butter in England
and on the Island of Guernsey, because with that yellow
color comes a nutty flavor that no other butter has.

New Jersey. E. T. gill.

It was very seldom that we ever had a black nose
among our Guernsey cattle. The foundation of our herd
came direct from the Island of Guernsey, and had the
desired buff nose, and the percentage of black noses was
extremely small. We always aimed to get rid of the
black-nosed cattle, and never bred them, as in a show
ring, other things being equal, the buff-nosed ones would
win, but as far as richness of the individual was con¬
cerned perhaps there would be no difference. As far as
heading a herd of grade Guernseys is concerned, if a
man was going in for milk alone, and did not care for
anything else, we think the black-nosed ones would be
just as good, but in purebred stock we were always
opposed to them. c. w. howker.

Massachusetts.

My foundation cows were by a bull known to have
sired a number of animals with black noses. He proved
to be the sire of a number of excellent animals, and I
find none of the calves now dropped on my place have
black noses. But a few have mottled noses, nearly all
of which wears awa£ when they become older. T should
be very sorry to disqualify them entirely. There are
too many excellent cows of all breeds, and also of the
Guernseys, to disqualify them on account of the color

of the nose. I have sold them for a lower price, al¬
though I consider them just as good for a herd of grade
cows. I he farmer, or even a breeder who meets a
good animal in other essentials, would, I think, do better
to purchase him than to discard him on account of his
black nose. I think the yellow color of the skin is of
far more importance than the white nose, and I think
that Guernsey breeders would do well to hold the yellow
color of the skin, the yellow to be found inside of the
ear, on the tip of tail and horns, even if with it went a
mottled or dark nose. m. d. Cunningham.

Wisconsin.

We have had quite a good many black-nosed Guern¬
seys, though I am not now breeding purebreds. I am
well aware that these black noses are considered dis¬
qualifications, though it should not be so, as often they
are the best animals in the herd. Buyers will not as
a rule pay as much for black-nosed Guernseys, and it is
best to breed towards light noses, and be particular to
observe this in case of bull. For a grade herd, the
nose does not figure at all, as given a light-nosed pure¬
bred Guernsey bull, breed him to grade or native cows,
and black, slate and mottled noses are going to crop
out repeatedly. wm. b. harvey.

Pennsylvania.

We have owned purebred Guernseys since 1883, and
have had none with black noses. I would not keep a

black-nosed bull, for the public has accepted a Guernsey
with a buff nose and eyes, and it is better to have a type
that is distinct. In regard to black-nosed cows being
inferior, that depends on the individual animal, for good
cows, like good horses, are any color. You asked if I
considered a black-nosed bull a good one for grading up
a herd. No; with a well-bred bull half-blood calves
would, nine-tenths of them, have buff noses, or at least
that is our experience. If I could not get a bull with a
buff nose and could get a good black-nosed one should
use him, for the Guernseys are the cows that come
nearest to filling the bill for the dairy, where you want
both quality and quantity. We have tried Holstein,
purebred and grade; Jersey, purebred and grade, and
grade Ayrshire; grade Guernseys and cross-bred Jerseys
and Guernseys. The Guernsey and Jersey grades are
fine, being next to purebred, the first and second crosses
looking most like purebred Guernseys. We keep just
the purebred Guernseys now, and have 17 head in all.
If I had black-nosed cows of superior quality I should
not dispose of them for inferior ones with buff noses, for
with my experience with grade cattle I think you could
breed it out in two generations. e. s. thomas.

Connecticut.

I think that one in every 10 or 15 of
the Guernseys of our breeding have black
noses, while some of the others have them
somewhat clouded. I think that too much
attention has been paid to the black noses,
and we are now raising two black-nosed
heifers that we expect to give a perma¬
nent place in our herd, if they prove good
otherwise. Tt is universally admitted that
the buff nose is handsomer, or rather adds
to the beauty of the animal, and the
breeder should aim to eliminate the black
nose by breeding to bulls that have light
noses, and that come from buff-nosed an¬
cestors. I here are plenty of such bulls
at this time, that also come from ancestors
all right as producers and otherwise. In
1899 we sold to some Michigan parties a
bull that had a black nose and was dark
brown, shading to black, in color, but
nicely marked with white. A letter re¬
ceived from them this week says they have
a fine herd of young cows from him, and
85 cows now in calf to him, and speak
very highly of his daughters as milkers.

I hey now want another bull, caring little for color, and
much for his backing of producing ancestors. This is
as it should be, and the dairyman should let the breeder
take care of the fancy points. I think it will be possible
largely to eliminate the black noses from the breed with¬
out in any way impairing in the meantime the increase of
their dairy ability, but would advise the dairyman to
pay but little attention to the matter. You ask if we
sell black-nosed bulls for a lower price. We do, often,
for a large part of our trade is for high-class bulls from
breeders, and if we have a bull so well bred that he
would bring $200 from a breeder if he had a buff nose,
but born with a black nose, we would have to take $75
to $125 for him, and sell him to a dairyman. Few of
the latter class pay over $150 for a bull.

Wisconsin. Charles l. hill.

MAKING CEMENT POSTS

The item of fence posts has become an important con¬
sideration on many farms, where the timber supply has
been exhausted. In many places it is almost impossible
to go out and buy posts at anything like reasonable fig-
rues. So we see on farms here and there an attempt
made to use substitutes for the wood post, such as steel,
stone and cement. Iron and steel posts do not seem to
be practical on account of their short life, as well as
cost. Stone posts come high, unless it is convenient to

GUERNSEY BULL BLUE BLOOD NO. 6310. Fig. 17.

See Page 42.

34

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 21,

have them quarried out on the farm or nearby. The
eement post comes nearer filling the bill and supplanting
the wood post than anything else. We have tried them,
and have seen quite a number of them used, and they
seem to be very satisfactory. They arc not expensive,
and are easily made.

The first step is to make a mold in which the post is
to he cast. 'This mold is nothing more than a wooden
box wi'hout lid, and made in the shape you want your

PALMER GREEN I NO ON BALDWIN STOCK. Em. 18.

post. A common form is that of the old-time sawed
post, tapering from the bottom to top. The sides of
the mold should he on hinges, so that when the post is
made they can he dropped down in order to facilitate the
removal of the post. The mold can he held together
by means of clamps or hooks. To prepare the cement
have a good strong mixing box, and into this put cement
and a sharp sand in the proportion of one part of cement
to five of sand. Some finely crushed stone may be used
with the sand. Some use one part cement to six of sand,
but the less sand you use the stronger your post will
be up to about half and half. Mix cement and sand
thoroughly dry, and then add water until you have the
mixture in the shape of soft mortar. Lay mold down on
a couple of blocks near mortar box, and in it place three
or four strands of barbed wire, bent and curved so they
will run all through the post. Then fill up mold with
“grout” (or sand and cement), smoothing off the top with
a trowel. If you want eyes in posts to fasten fence to,
take a heavy wire or small rod and make some staples
which may be inserted in the post while the cement is
still soft. If you do not care to wait for the cement to
set it is not a bad plan to have two molds, so that one
post will set or harden while the other is being made.
Cement posts will break off sometimes unless there is
a rod or wire cast inside to give it strength. An ordi¬
nary-sized cement post will cost from 30 to 40 cents,
according to price of material used in its construction.

Indiana. _ w. w. stevens.

POTATO GROWING IN FLORIDA.

There are generally two plantings of Irish potatoes
in southern Florida; this in relation to locations south
of 28 degrees latitude. The first planting may he made
the last week in September, the second the last week
in January. Very little variation may be made in date,
as if planted early in September it may prove too warm
for them, and they may rot; if too late planted they
may not mature early enough to escape a possible frost,
for be it known that the best potato soil in south Florida
generally lies low, and our climate makes the tops so
tender that the slightest frost will damage them. The
September planting is dug by Christmas. The seed used
is generally second growth or January planted, held over
from previous year. The whole system of fertilizing
and cultivating the September planting is very much the
same as when planted North.

On the contrary, the January planting has to be treated
with great caution. The seed should be exposed two
weeks to light to develop the eyes, and it is better not
to cut the tubers, though many do so for the sake of
economy. Mr. Carman’s method, promulgated years
ago in The R. N.-Y., makes a good stand almost cer¬
tain. If plowed under or covered deeply with hoe the
seed is very apt to rot. A broad tteneb well fertilized
with special potato fertilizer and thoroughly mixed with
the soil makes a good basis. Then plant very shallow,
barely covering the tuber, and draw in the soil very
slowly, so that by March 1 you still have considerable
to draw in. The last possible frost seldom comes after
March 10. If it does come you can plow up to the pota¬
toes, which will probably be 14 incites high, and can
bank up as high as you are able. Then the second day
thereafter the cultivator can draw the banks down in a
measure with pronged hoe, and finger out the leaves.
There is much work about this, but it pays. Potatoes
never sell here for less than $t.f>0 to $1.80 per bushel.
There are no Potato bugs to bother us, and the crop makes
here in less time than it docs on Long Island, probably
two weeks. For this reason cultivation should be more

frequent, say once a week. We have found 1,000 pounds
of fertilizer would make 175 bushels on good soil.
About March 15 200 pounds of high-grade sulphate of
potash will increase the size of the potatoes very mate¬
rially. Drained bay heads and moist flat woodland are
best for potatoes. When fairly developed, or if rot
shows, they should be dug at once, and marketed or
stored for the September planting. In storing they
have to be spread out thinly under a roof where the
Summer rains cannot moisten them. e. d. r.

Avon Park, Fla. _

BARN MANURE IN WEST VIRGINIA.

Perhaps there is no product of the farm more care¬
lessly handled than the barn manure. A great many
farmers believe that if they do not throw it out under
the eaves they are giving it the best of care. The writer
thought so a few years ago, but he has changed his
mind in recent years. 1 have on my farm two barns.
One was built several years ago, before so much had
been said about saving the liquid manure; hence a dirt
floor composed of clay was considered good enough.
Five years ago a new bank barn was built and a cement
floor was laid in the basement. Cattle are allowed to
run loose in each barn, and about the same amount of
bedding used in each. The manure is taken from these
barns as it is made up to February 1. after which time
it is allowed to lie in each until August, when it is
hauled out and spread with a spreader upon the wheat
stubble which had been sown to clover in the Spring.
The hired men, as a rule, arc not close observers, but
they never fail to see the difference betwen the manure
from the old and new barn. The manure from the

WILLIAMS FAVORITE APPLE OFF SHAPE. Fig. 10.

former is dry and hard to fork up, while from the latter
it is moist and thoroughly decayed. Heavy teams some¬
times sink down in the new barn to such an extent that
they have to be unhitched, while in the old barn they
go over the manure as though they were walking on a
plank floor. Farmers are slow to believe the scientist
who argues that the liquid manure cannot be saved with¬
out cement floors, but they would not question it were
they to visit my two barns just before the manure is
hauled out to the clover field. If more than half the
plant food of the whole manure is contained in the urine
of the animal, we cannot afford to be without cement
floors. W. D. z.

NOTES FROM MINNES0TTA.

OLD STRAWBERRY BEDS— The Hope Farm man
tells about renewing the old strawberry beds. We have
done this same thing for several years in our little home
garden, but are about ready to say that the new beds
are so much less trouble, and yield so well, that the re¬
newing business hardly pays. From a bed which meas¬
ures 20 by 22 feet, one-half of which was old and the
other new, we last season picked a little over 100 quarts
by actual count. The largest day’s picking was 17
quarts. For several years we have made a practice of
setting out about 100 plants every Spring, and having this
new bed and another of the same size a year older for the
crop of the following year. The old bed requires a lot
of weeding and hoeing, and we have about concluded
to set out twice as much ground to new plants each year
hereafter, and put the old bed to some other use. Of
108 plants set out last Spring 107 were alive and healthy
when they were covered after the ground froze.

EXPERIMENTS WITH WIRE.— In speaking of the
fence wire question, you say (page 912) that “the sta¬

tions will come to it in due time. Farmers have in¬
duced unwilling horses to pull their share before now.”
1 don’t see why there should be any unwillingness on
the part of the station workers. Some experiments are
under way at this station now in this line, and several
men “have their heads a-working” on the problem. It
is a very puzzling problem, and one which seems to
have many interesting sides. We have just taken up a
steam pipe which burst. It is a steel pipe which was
laid only three years ago under about three feet of
earth. It seems to have been eaten into by rust from
the outside. 1 will send you a picture of the rusted sec¬
tion. Analysis of this steel will be made and compared
with iron pipe. Experiments are being conducted with
steel and iron nails, wire and wire cloth. Old-fashioned
cut iron shingle nails have been found in roofs where
they have done duty for 25 years, perfectly sound. Wire
nails last only a few years in similar roots. Why? No
one seems to know. We arc trying to find out.

A FIREPLACE. — The Hope Farm man says: “No
family is complete without a fireplace and andirons
with a history.” He is right about the fireplace. In our
house, which is warmed by a hot-water system, there
are many mornings and evenings in Spring and Fall
when we do not want to run the heater, that are made
comfortable by a fire in the fireplace, and in the coldest
weather we help the hot water plant by a good fire on
the hearth. We had no historical andirons, so we had
an old blacksmith make some for us, which answer the
purpose very well. The fireplace has become the central
point in the house, around which all interests center.
My advice to those about to build a house is to have a
fireplace, no matter how the house is to be heated. A
very plain fireplace which you will not be afraid to use
every day is what you will enjoy most. j. m. drew.

Minnesota Exp. Station. _

HOW TO CLEAN BUSH LAND.

THE KENTUCKY WAY. — We western people can¬
not understand why city farmers, page 909, should talk
about its costing $75 per acre to clear brush land. We
are making gradual approaches on some brush land here
for orchard purposes, and we lay a little money on the
shelf until July 20, then arm two good men with a brush
scythe and two double-bladed axes, one blade for use
when there is gravel or stone in sight, the other to be
kept sharp. They cut the brush down and leave it lying
on the ground until Winter, when everything has been
saturated with moisture; then just as the brush gets
dry enough to burn we pile it on the thickest patches
of stumps and burn ; plow and cross-plow with a steady
strong team and a heavy cutter plow made to go into
the ground. A strong resolute man with this outfit will
keep his plow and cutter sharp, and plow out most of
the smaller stuff, and put the land in shape so it can
be furrowed and planted to corn or sorghum, when a
hand hoeing and chopping out the middle of June is
about all that is required. The result is a crop that
will wellnigh pay all expenses, and there is little more
trouble with that land. The Winter burning is to save
the humus in the ground. j. A. M. K.

A LONG ISLAND FARMER.— The fact that im¬
proved farm lands on the island have increased in sell¬
ing price from 30 to 100 per cent in the last two or
three years shows that the subject is a timely one for
discussion. An observation of about 20 years, and the
experience of clearing about 50 acres of scrubs, would
lead me to say that the only way to clear the land of
scrubs is to get them out of it. No method of treat¬
ment that I ever heard of was known to kill one that
did not cost more than to get them out. The best
method would depend on the means at hand to do the
work. Plowing them out would get over the ground
faster, but would require an expensive outfit, and
would not be well done, as many would be
still left after plowing. Even a single root that has
a bit of the crown left will sprout and grow again. To
dig them out by hand would take an able man from eight
to 15 days to an acre, and the cost would depend on
what his wages were. That for the scrub oaks ; the
other stumps of course are another matter. The pine

SHETLAND COLT AND GREAT DANE DOG. Fig. 20.
Prize Picture from Geo. II. Lambersou.

stumps would lie soft enough to plow out in about three
or four years, and the hard wood stumps could lie killed
in about that time, and thus pulled or left to decay.
The success of this whole matter depends on prompt and
thorough work, and unless a man can do the work him¬
self or be on hand to see that it is done right he would
better let it alone. I do not wish anyone to get the idea
that he can kill scrubs or any other kind of stumps with
a brush scythe or a few hens, as some of your corre¬
spondents would infer. d. m' havens.

1005.

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER

35

INFLUENCE OF STOCK UPON GRAFT.

Is Shape or Color Ever Changed ?

Wo have received from one of our readers in Massa¬
chusetts a sample of Palmer Greening apple, the result
of a graft of this variety put on Baldwin stock. This
sample of Palmer, shown in Fig. IS, has a distinct red
blush on the side, and is a very handsome fruit. Except
for this blush, and, as we think, a slight difference in
quality, it is practically the same as the true Palmer Green¬
ing, but it would appear that in this case the stock cer¬
tainly had some little effect upon the fruit. Can you tell
us of any distinct results you have noticed in this line?
Can you give us any instances where it would appear that
the stock has affected either the color, shape or quality of
the fruit?

Experience With Plums.

I have my serious doubts about the case which you
cite. Palmer Greening (which Downing calls Wash¬
ington Royal) very often shows a fine red blush. It is
not necessary to suppose that this conies from the influ¬
ence of the stock. I might say, however, that I have
noticed a good many cases of the kind mentioned in
which the character of the fruit was distinctly influ¬
enced by the character of the stock. A number of these
cases, mostly in the line of plums, were put on record
in the reports of the Vermont Experiment Station. I
think no practical fruitman nowadays has any doubt
that the influence of the stock is sometimes plainly
visible in the fruit. Such influence, however, is not suf¬
ficiently common, obvious and uniform for us to dis¬
cover any general laws with regard to its manifestation.

F. A. WAUGH.

Mass, Agricultural College.

A Russet Baldwin.

Years since I had a tree of Baldwin,
apple that annually made a crop, the fruit
of which was covered with russet. Further,
the quality' was not what it should be as
a Baldwin; that is, it lacked the peculiar
characteristics in point of flavor that the
Baldwin carries. I watched the tree for
several years, and found no change in this
respect. I presume the stock on which
the variety was budded was much strong¬
er, and outgrew the Baldwin that was
upon it. This is a matter that is very in¬
teresting to me, and while I knew nothing
of the origin of the stock, the assumption
was that it might have been something
of a Russet character, and exercised a po¬
tency over the variety that was quite as¬
tonishing. I worked this sort over to
Hubbardston, because it had no value as
a Baldwin, and these peculiarities disap¬
peared. But all this opens an interesting
and important subject which I think has
taxed the heads of some of our more intel¬
ligent fruit growers in the country, and
yet I do not know that any investigations
have been made with satisfactory results.

To my mind there are instances in which
the stock on which the variety is grafted
exercises a powerful influence over the
variety itself, and in other cases the char¬
acter of the variety seems to predominate,
and 1 have been led to the conclusion that
in some respects the power of the stock
itself predominates, while in others the
graft does this. s.

New York.

A Massachusetts Grower's Experience.

As a rule T should say the stock did not affect the
product of the scion, as far as any permanent change
is concerned, yet 1 should expect more and better fruit
upon scions set in a strong thrifty tree than on one of
equal size in a weak-growing stock, and that the effect
would be similar to that seen in the growing of fruit.
It is my experience .that the size, shape, texture, color
and flavor of fruit is affected by the conditions under
which it is grown. I f anyone will take a few trees or
a plot of plants, give one lot a liberal application of
potash (sulphate), the other nitrate of soda, he will
find that the food in its different combinations as taken
up by his trees or plants has much to do with the profit¬
able growing of fruit. Possibly the Palmer Greening
grown upon Baldwin stock might produce fruit with
more of a reddish blush than some others, not because
the Baldwin is red, but because the scions arc better
able to produce perfect fruit than upon a weaker-growing
stock. Yet possibly where two varieties are growing
together they may slightly affect each other. I have in
mind an old apple tree which was perhaps two-thirds of
a very hard Winter sweet, an apple which was never
mellow and kept all Winter. The rest of the tree was
Baldwin, and we did not use them for ourselves because
they were so hard. The tree was soon grafted to Bald¬
win except one limb, and although the tree now bears
full crop with perhaps one-tenth of sweet ones, 1 cannot

say that they affect the Baldwins at all. The only in¬
stance in which I have positive evidence is in a tree I
bought for Baldwin, which always bore the odd year.
It was situated in a rich spot, and the fruit did not
prove satisfactory; was always green. Some years ago
it was grafted about one-half to McIntosh red and one-
fourth each to York Imperial and Shiawassee Beauty to
test those varieties. Very often when two scions grow
we cut out one, except the base bud, which we allow to
grow. We have on the Shiawassee part and no other,
limbs which have every appearance of growing from
those buds. Last season they bore quite a few apples,
which in appearance were neither Baldwin nor Shia¬
wassee, of more the Baldwin type and flavor, but with
a brighter red than wc ever saw on a Baldwin. We
have grafted some of those sports, which have not borne
yet, and we very much fear that when taken from their
Baldwin-Shiawassee environment they will not prove of
value, but that is only a guess. Should they perpetuate
themselves we shall have something to show some of
our scientific friends who now know all there is about
stock vs. scion combinations. h. o. mead.

Massachusetts.

Van Deman Gives Experience.

Without having seen the specimen (and it would be
very much more satisfactory to sec a number of speci¬
mens from the same source) it is impossible to form
any unqualified opinion in this case. However, I do
not believe the stock transmitted any of the character¬

istics of Baldwin to the Palmer Greening apples. I
have seen many other apples growing on grafts set in
Baldwin trees, many being of my own grafting, and
hundreds of other varieties inter-grafted, but in no case
have I seen any transmittal of their characters as a
result. If this theory was true we would see almost
endless variations in the fruit of grafted trees, for almost
every grafted tree that is set is upon a stock having
diverse characteristics of growth and fruit. We would
see dwarf pear trees bearing fruit partaking of the color,
form and flavor of the quince. Peaches, plums, cherries
and all fruits would vary in the same way. In the case
mentioned it is possible that the Baldwin tree may have
been very vigorous and caused the fruit on the graft to
develop to an unusual degree. There is no doubt in my
mind about vigorous stocks being able to supply better
nourishment than those which are feeble, and the fruit
would be reasonably expected to feel the effects accord¬
ingly. But my experience and observation do not in¬
cline me to believe that varietal characteristics are trans¬
mitted to stock or scion by grafting or budding. Abun¬
dant nourishment causes normal development, or more
than that, and insufficient nourishment has the contrary
effect. Large size, high color and rich flavor come from
a high state of development. Water and mineral salts
are all that the stock transmits to the scion in their
crude forms. These are taken up by the leaves and true
sap is formed from them and the carbon of the air. The
individuality of the cellular formation is local. Herein
lies the retention of the characteristics of every species
and variety of vegetable life. Theoretically, there is

much more reason to believe that the sap of the scion
would control or in some measure affect the stock, and
there- are some evidence on this point, although they
are slight. Yet, in the case of grafted or budded dwarf
pear trees the wood and all else above the point of
union is pear and that below is quince; nothing more
and nothing less. So it is with one variety upon an¬
other, as well as with one species upon another.

H. E. VAN DEM AN.

Queer-Looking Williams Favorite.

The only striking example of this influence that has
come to my notice was observed the past season, in
which we fruited a large top-graft of the York Imperial
* upon a 40-year-old Northern Spy tree. In this case the
York Imperial was very different in type from where it
was grown upon trees of this variety in our younger
bearing orchard. The grafted fruit was smaller, more
oblate, less oblique, smoother, much more highly col¬
ored; very dark compared with the York as regularly
grown upon its own tree. Yet, notwithstanding these
differences, there was no doubt that the apples were the
true York Imperial. I have also noticed an occasional
Grimes Golden tree bearing apples distinctly blushed
with red, although the percentage of trees so doing is
very small. This has led me to wonder if the roots upon
which the trees were budded or grafted were not ex¬
traordinarily potent. There are also other freaks of the
apple that are of interest. During the past Summer
one of our station helpers found a cluster of pear-shaped
apples of the Williams Favorite variety.

I photographed this cluster, shown in Fig.
19. A few days later similar specimens of
the same variety came through the mail to
the station for identification. It would be
very interesting to know just what is re¬
sponsible for this phenomenon — perhaps
some one can tell us. F. H. ballou.
Ohio. Exp. Station.

EXPERIENCED FRUIT GROWER
ON SPRAYING.

Lime, salt and sulphur mixture, made
by boiling one hour by steam, using per¬
forated pipe coil in bottom of tank, sprayed
warm on San Jose scale just before the
buds begin to swell in the Spring, will pos¬
itively kill every scale it coats without any
injury whatever to apple, peach, plum or
pear trees. The same mixture made by
boiling by the use of lime is almost of no
value. Salt may not improve the killing
qualities, but seems to add adhesive power
and shows better on the trees. The latter
is a factor in making sure that every part
of the tree is coated. Steam boiling is
best for convenience, and if perforated
coil is properly arranged will prevent set¬
tling of the material while cooking. The
properly boiled mixture will stay in effec¬
tive condition several days, but works bet¬
ter warm. Some damage has been report¬
ed from using in the Fall and early Win¬
ter. I have only used in Spring, just be¬
fore buds open.

On old trees with rough bark, and when
scales overlap, it is practically impossible
to cover every scale with one application.
In the Spring, before buds open, many scales will be
dead, and bark conditions more favorable to reach every
scale than any other time between leaves falling and
leaves coming again. A second application also finds
conditions more favorable, because of killing and falling
of part of the scale, particularly if heavy rains occur.
At every application intended to be effective spray or¬
chard, then cross the first work. Bluestone added to
the mixture will prevent or greatly check Peach leaf-curl,
and not injure the scale-killing power. The mixture is
only intended to kill scale, and is of no use for fungus
troubles or Codling moth. It is one of the cheapest
remedies of scale, ft is as easily made and about as
easily applied as Bordeaux if proper arrangements are
made to do it. Convenience and economy demand piped
water supply to elevated making tanks, whether steam
or direct fire application of heat are used for cooking,
and also drawing for use from making tanks by a system
of pipes and valves, straining through screen 30 meshes
per inch. s. h. derby.

Delaware.

THE “CABBAGE SNAKE." -We are still receiving ques¬
tions about a “snake” which is said to live in cabbage. It
is reported that people have been poisoned by it. The Ver¬
mont Experiment Station published the following statement :

“In some parts of the country a small whitish "eel worm”
or nematode has been found to infest the cabbage. Thus fat-
no specimens of this or any other form have been sent to
the station by any of the persons who have made inquiries.
The larva* of this worm are parasitic upon or prey upon
the common green Cabbage worm. Owing to the belief of
negroes and others in the South, that these worms were poi¬
sonous, rigorous tests have been made, with the result of
completely clearing the animal from the accusation. Ex¬
tracts made from t lie worm and injected into the system fail
to produce the least effect, if symptoms of poisoning (not
indigestion) have been observed after a meal of cabbage, the
chances are that they were due to carelessness in using
Paris-green or other insecticide, and carelessness in washing
tlie heads of cabbage before eating. A good sousing in a pan
of water will remove any trace of arsenical poisoning which
may be left upon the leaves after injudicious poisoning.”

JAPAN TOAD LILY, TRlC'YRTlS HIRTA. NIGRA. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 21.

See Rural isms, Page 40.

I). WILLARD.

36

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 21,

FARMERS’ CLUB

\ Every query must he accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our* advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Forcing Asparagus in Greenhouse.

G. C., Quccnston, Out. — I would like to
know whether asparagus can he grown suc¬
cessfully under greenhouse benches, by water¬
ing the plants frequently.

Ans. — Strong asparagus roots may be
forced under greenhouse benches and give
a light yield of sprouts of very high qual¬
ity, but the roots generally perish in the
operation. The treatment is simply to dig
up the roots in large clumps with as little
disturbance as possible, pack them under
the benches in the coolest part of the
house, shade by tacking burlap or bagging
to the edges of the benches, and water¬
ing freely until growth starts.

White Fly in a Greenhouse.

y. J., Cuba, Mo. — What shall I do to de¬
stroy a little white fly that is destroying the
plants in my conservatory? They cluster and
hatch on the under side of the geranium and
other leaves, and finally kill or destroy the
lea f.

Ans. — The safest treatment for the
white fly in conservatories is thoroughly
to spray the plants, taking especial care
to reach the under side of the foliage, with
a solution of common laundry soap, one
pound dissolved in eight gallons of warm
water. As you probably have the pest in
all stages of development, it may be nec¬
essary to repeat the application once or
twice a week for a considerable period.
The soap solution when applied may be
allowed to dry on the foliage, but once
a week at least the plants' should receive
a thorough spraying with clear water, and
the soap solution again applied after an
interval of 24 hours.

Japan Walnut and Native Chestnut in Colorado.

C. n., Ft. Lupton, Col. — Will Japan walnut
— Cordiformis and Sieboldi — he hardy enough
to stand the Winters here? I have planted
American Sweet chestnut trees two years, hut
t lie leaves turn yellow in tire Summer, and
they die. Can you tell me the cause? They
were on sandy soil.

Ans. — The climate of the Rocky Moun¬
tain regions does not seem to to be suit¬
able to any of the nut trees, but the Japa¬
nese walnuts are hardy in tree, fully as
much so as our native Black walnut, and
if any of the nut trees will succeed there
I would exncct them to do so. Both these
Japanese species make fine trees, but the
nuts have too thick shells and too small
kernels to be of edible value, compared
with the nuts commonly grown. It is
probable that the extreme dryness of the
climate is the main cause of the failure of
the chestnut and other nut trees in Colo¬
rado and elsewhere in that general region.

H. e. v. D.

Cherry Culture in Washington.

C. T. TF„ White Salmon, Wash. — What is
the proper depth and manner of planting
cherry trees? Should they he cut hack at
planting to where you want to head, or left
as they come from nursery? What is the
best method of treatment, including pruning,
cultivating, spraying, etc., from time of
planting to bearing? Our worst trouble here
is guminosis, and we have no way to stop
it. Can you tell? This is a fine fruit coun¬
try, and large orchards of cherry and apple
are being set.

Ans. — Cherry trees should be planted
the same depth that they stood in the nur¬
sery. There is no special manner of plant¬
ing them, more than to set their roots in
natural positions and tramp the ground
firmly about them. It is right to cut the
tops back to where the head should be
formed, if the trees are without branches,
and if they have well branched tops it is
well to cut them back at least half way
to the body. To give anything like com¬
plete directions for the treatment of a
cherry orchard would be beyond the limit
of the space allowed here. Good tillage
and very little pruning are the main points,
the cherry being unlike many other fruit
trees in the latter particular. Gummosis
is a name that is given to various troubles

affecting cherry and other trees that exude
gum when injured, and is not a specific
disease.. It is ignorantly given to the
signs of distress held out by nature. Gum
may come from almost any injury, such as
the severity of Winter or anything that
interferes with the proper circulation of
the sap. Washington, Oregon and Cali¬
fornia afford the best conditions for grow¬
ing cherries of any part of North America.

H. E. v. D.

Propagating Privet in Texas.

J. D. Clyde, Tex. — What time of year
should California privet be trimmed, with
view of using cuttings? I have a good sandy
soil with clay from 12 to 18 Inches from top,
always plenty of moisture. As we very rarely
have killing frost before November 15, 1
thought it would be a good time now to use
cuttings.

Ans. — It is not customary to trim Cali¬
fornia privet for cuttings until midwinter,
or at any rate until after the leaves have
dropped from frost. In this section the
cuttings are never directly planted out,
but are made in bundles of a hundred or
more, the tops all one way, and buried
in sandy soil, butts up, and not planted
until Spring, when the ground is ready
to work. They are usually well callused
by this time, and are planted out in fresh¬
ly plowed soil. They may live in your
locality if planted directly out without
previous callusing, but at any rate they
should not be cut until the. leaves are well
loosened by frost.

Economical Sugar ; Baking Powder.

J. Ii., Florisant, Mo. — 1. What sugar is the
most economical for a farmer, light brown
beet sugar or eastern or southern granulated?
2. What proportions of cream of tartar and
bicarbonate of soda should be used for a good
baking powder?

Ans. — 1. The dry white granulated
sugar is considered more economical than
light brown at about the same price, as
the granulated contains less water, and
more actual sugar for the same weight.
It is merely a matter of local price. If
you can get the light brown beet sugar of
local make for one or two cents per pound
less than the eastern granulated sugar, it
may be more economical. The brown
sugars are often more agreeable to the
taste, and this should be taken into con¬
sideration. 2. The best proportions of
cream of tartar and bicarbonate of soda
for baking powder are as follows : Cream
of tartar, nine parts; cornstarch, nine
parts ; tartaric acid, six parts ; bicarbon¬
ate of soda, 10 parts. Care must be
taken to see that they are all finely pow¬
dered and perfectly dry. Throw all to¬
gether on a large sheet of paper; then
by raising first one side and then another
in regular succession the mass may be
rolled over on itself in this way and that
until the ingredients are fairly well mixed.
But to make sure that the mixture is per¬
fect and quite free from lumps let it be
run a time or two through a flour sifter.
Keep in well-corked bottle or airtight jar.

Peck’s Pleasant Apple. — The discussions
relative to the merits of the Peck's Pleasant
apple that have recently appeared in The
It. N.-Y. have been read with universal in¬
terest, although our experience with this va¬
riety has been comparatively limited, having
only one tree that was planted among others
by the roadside several years ago ; long
enough, however, to have borne two full crops
the two past seasons, creating a desire that
more of the same kind had been planted. One
year ago a barrel of this variety was care¬
fully and firmly packed for exhibition at the
St. Louis Exposition, each specimen being
wrapped in paper designed for the purpose.
Eventually they were placed in cold storage
and afterward appeared on exhibition from
time to time as occasion demanded. Charles
II. Vick, superintendent of the New York
State fruit exhibit, informed us that our
apples opened in very fine condition, were at¬
tracting much attention and were particularly
admired. Of course it was a pleasure to learn
recently that we had been awarded a silver
medal as a reward for painstaking effort.
The tree of this fruit with us is of strong,
vigorous growth, with low-spreading top, and
seems thus far inclined to produce full crops
of fruit each year in succession. It is ap¬
parently quite exempt from insect depreda¬
tions and fungus effects, and of excellent
quality and flavor. Indeed, Downing describes
it as “fine grained, juicy, crisp and tender,
with a delicious high aromatic sprightly sub¬
acid, very good or best,” its green color being
about its only objection.

Genesee Co., N. Y. irving d. cook & son.

NEW RED

PHENOMENAL RASPBERRY

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERRIES TO A PLANT FOURTEEN MONTHS

FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long and 3^ inches in circumference ; they
will ship 1,000 miles easily. Acres and acres are being planted in Califor nia
for Canning' Purposes, and the plants are in great demand. Send for
photograph, description and prices of tip plants.

Plants ready to ship from January 15th to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO.,

L. Box 1015. Boom is, California.

i

J

^ And APPLE Trees are our Specialties. Also large s‘ock of Pears, Plums,

Cherries, small fruit plants and Ornamentals. Scientifically grown and cared
for. Best methods of h mdling and packing. All stock fumigated. Our stock and our prices are
right We pay the freight. For catalogue and particulars write
Box g BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO. YALKSVILLK, CONN.

CDIIIT TDCCC 4Hfi CMAI I PRINTS -CheaP trees may fool you. Expensive

rnUI I I nCCO dill! OITIIILk I FUJI I W« trees may fool you. You may think you

are destined to be fooled any way. Why not let us fool you by sending you Exactly the Grades and
Varieties you order ? Get our catalog; send for it to-day.

Box 122 _ IT. St. Wiley tfc Son. Cay-uga. ]>T. Y.

HOYT’S NURSERIES NEW ENGLAND

and no more complete line of “ A 1 ” 8tock grown in the United 8tates. Fruit Trees, Shade Trees and
Ornamentals. Write us about your Fall planting— advice based on experience of three generations, free.

Catalogue for the asking.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FKEK CATALOGUE will save yoi

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries.

you money. MYER & SON, ltridgeville, Del.

ROGERS’ B1IW > M U -M Planters of Rogers

ar0 SAFE M ■ M Trees get Safety

Not the largest, not the oldest, not the cheapest, but the Best trees and the Safest trees money can
buy. Our Tree Breeder tells about our trees and our plan of breeding. It’s FREE.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

TREES

Apples. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and
Carolina Poplars. Healthy, true to
name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva, New York.

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID.

TREES
SHRUBS

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044— I, Rochester, N. Y.
Established 1S40.

WE OFFER A FINE STOCK

of the following trees and plants:

The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin.
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts.
Papershell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts,
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue

SUMMIT NURSERIES, Montlcello, Florida.

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

BEST FRUIT PAPER

The Fruit-Grower, St. Joseph, Mo., will
iBBue noine rerj fine special nuinberi f< r
1905- January, *• Anniversary number;”

February, ••Spraying;” March. "Gar¬
dening;” April, "Small Frult«;” each
worth 50c, the price ofayear’flgubicrlp- 1
tion. To secure a year’ll trial, eend 25c
and names of ten farmers who gTow fruit,
and get these "specials” and eight others'

Send your subscription today. Eaetera’
edition for states east of Ohio. The Fruit

Grower Co.. 851 S. 7th, St. Joseph, !

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••A

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

DCAPU TDCCC A full line of varie-
rCMVn I nCCO ties, new and old
APPLE TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FK KK descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS H. BLACK SON & CO. .Hightstown, N. J.

GRAPES and CURRANTS

The fruiting is for many years. Get the best varieties.
Let me suggest McKinley Crapes and Red Cross Cur¬
rants, They are uniform heavy bearers of choicest fruits.
I furnish plants of my own growing, superb stock. Also
mil ttie other biding varieties. Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬
berries and the finest collection offleld grown, 2 year old Roses ever
offered. Send for my new catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y,

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 190j Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NUR8KRIKS,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

GRAPE VINES

Cnrranti, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2o stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T. S. HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

lasss TREES

Jeou v»rletles.AlfloGrapes.8mull Fruits etc. Best root*
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed (or
10c. Desc. price list free. Lewis it ecash, Fredonia, N.Y,

WEST MICHIGAN TREES

are “bred for bearing.” That’s why we
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also imsures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 513 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. We sell direct at
wholesale prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mich. ,

SAVE MONEY ON
FRUIT PLANTS

Strawberry Plants, $1.75 E “

All Kinds of Small Fruits, Satisfaction
Guaranteed.

VALUABLE CATALOGUE FUSE. Send postal to

O. A. E. BALDWIN,

Oak Street, Bridgman, Mich.

Fresh Apple Seed.

Crop 1904. Warranted to grow; $10 per single bushel
f. o. b. Largo orders at reduced rates.

MKS. JAMES A. ROOT, Skaueateles, N. Y.

MY PLANT CATALOGUE FREE.

KKVITT’S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

5,000,000 Strawberry Plants,allof the bestoldand
new varieties. Plants best on market; cheapest to buy.
Read what a customer says; “The Strawberry Plants
you shipped me were in fine shape, and I must compli-
mentyou on your way of doing business.” W. L. New¬
man, Laona,N. Y. Catalog free. Write to-day and sa ve
money. W. S. Perdue & Sons, Boxll5.Parsonsburg,ild

LOMBARDY POPLAR S

First class trees 8 feet to 18 feet. CALIFORNIA
PRIVET, strong, 1 year, in quantities to suit. 20
inches to 2 feet. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

37

Mixing Ashes With Manure.

M. K. W., Northville, N. Y. — I have a quan¬
tity of ashes and some fine old horse manure
not turned or heated. I have ordered 1,000
pounds acid phosphate. IIow shall I mix it
for a good fertilizer for grass, etc. ?

Ans. — We have not found it advisable
to mix wood ashes with manure or fertil¬
izers. They are so fine that coarser ma¬
terials do not mix well with them. They
also contain lime, which when mixed with
the acid phosphate causes it to “revert” and
become less soluble. We should broadcast
the ashes alone, and mix the acid phos¬
phate with the manure.

Winter Protection of Roses.

J. P. O., Ripon, Wis. — IIow can I best cover
Remontant roses for Winter, as protection
against mice and the weather?

Ans. — The best possible protection from
the mice and cold for Remontant roses
m your locality would be heaped earth,
12 or 18 inches high about the stems, just
before hard freezing begins, and cover
the mound of earth with coarse straw,
manure or evergreen branches to keep
out severe frost. Mice will very seldom
cut roses or other plants below the ground
line, and the earth makes a fine protection
against sharp freezing during the Winter.

Baled Horse Manure.

C. D. T., Emerald, Pa. — There is a man
here who desires to engage in the business of
raising mushrooms, and cannot obtain the
required amount of manure. lie has request¬
ed me to learn of persons in your city who
bale and ship the same.

Ans. — We doubt if baled manure can be
bought in this city. About 10 years ago
some experiments were made with baled
manure, but the bales did not pay, and
were given up. The baling squeezed out
most of the liquid — carrying the best part
of the manure — and the dry bale was like
“firefanged” manure. You will probably
be obliged to buy in bulk.

Seeding With Orchard Grass.

IP. S., Mt. Airy, Pa. — I have an orchard
which I want seeded with Orchard grass.
IIow much seed does it take to t lie acre? IIow
is it in comparison witli Timothy for feeding
cows and horses? Is it likely to grow in
clumps? Can it he sown in Spring?

Ans. — In seeding our own orchard we
used three bushels of Orchard grass seed
per acre and six quarts of clover. This
was not too much. Orchard grass makes
a light hay of good quality. We call it
fully equal to Timothy for feeding, but
the market does not care for it. The
grass grows in tufts or bunches. We like
it because it does well in the shade. It
can be seeded in Spring or Fall.

Red-Top as Meadow Grass.

C. J. IT., Scmckley, Pa. — For some years
past we have been growing hay under a mod¬
ification of the Clark method, and with ex¬
cellent results. While Red-top is natural to
this soil, and has been growing around us all
our life, yet it remained for Mr. Clark and
The It. N.-Y. to tell us of its merits as a
meadow grass. The more we know of it the
better we like it. It does not scald out or get
thin on the ground like Timothy, and we
think makes fine hay. We find that on our
soil one quart by measure of Ited-top seed and
turee of Timothy is about right. If we use
more Ited-top it takes entire possession.

Ans. — We find Red-top an excellent
meadow grass. On sour or damp lands it
has crowded the Timothy out in our seed¬
ing. We consider it better for feeding
than Timothy, but not so good for a
market hay.

Keeping Pigs and Hens.

C. O. L., Lockport, N. Y. — Will one pig
thrive alone, or must two be kept? Can a pig
lie allowed to run in a chicken yard, or will
he interfere with the chickens? What breed
of hens would you advise for home use?

Ans. — A single pig will thrive in a pen
if well fed and watered, and permitted to
keep himself clean. A barrow is best for
such feeding. See that he has a dry nest
with shade, and salt and wood ashes be¬
fore him. It is usually safe to keep pigs
with the chickens, but they must be
watched. If they once begin to kill and
eat the chicks they will get them all. We
have kept pigs in this way and had no
trouble, yet we know that in some cases
the chickens are killed and eaten. The

breed of hen depends upon various things.
Probably White Wyandotte are as good
as any for “home use.”

Rhubarb in Mississippi: Barren Grape.

O. n. U., Hattiesburg, Miss. — 1. I am try¬
ing to grow rhubarb; bought some one-year-
old roots and set out last Fall. Will it in¬
jure them to cut the leaf stems next Summer,
or must I wait and let them alone till the
following season? 2. I have a Scuppernong
grapevine seven years old, crossing an arbor
30 feet square. It has been blooming pro¬
fusely every Spring for five years. After
blooming it sheds every vestige of a sign of
fruit; has never borne a grape. Would you
dig it. up, or can you tell me what to do to
make it. bear?

Ans. — 1. It is not a good plan to cut
rhubarb plant until it established at least
two years. The rhubarb plant is not very
much at home in your latitude at best, and
it would be well to let the plant become
thoroughly established and gain full
strength before cutting any of the stalks.
2. It is likely that your Scuppernong
grapes do not produce sufficient pollen to
fertilize themselves. It is well to plant
the male Scuppernong vine near the fruit¬
ing vines in order to furnish sufficient
pollen. When this is done they are ren¬
dered very fruitful.

Gas Power for Spraying.

J. M. C., Delaware, O. — I notice that you
have been using liquid carbonic acid gas.
What would it cost to run a spray pump for
10 hours with this gas? Would t lie outfit for
spraying with the gas be expensive? Could
compressed air be used economically, or would
a small gasoline engine be preferable to
either? We have a large orchard of about
3,000 apple trees. We used hand pumps, but
would like to get something that will not tire
as easily as men to run the pumps.

Ans. — We cannot give the cost, as we
have not yet run our sprayer for a full
day at one time. It is estimated that a
20-pound tube of the liquid will blow out
600 gallons of spray material, but we
have found that this varies. There is
some leakage through tubes and connec¬
tions. Some operators are more economical
than others. A 20-pound tube refilled
costs us $1.50 with freight one way. The
money paid for the tube itself will be
refunded when the tube is given up.
These tubes are much the same as
those used in soda-water fountains. The
outfit is expensive, as the gas is used
under pressure, and a powerful airtight
tank is necessary, with a gauge to show
the pressure. Of course this costs more
than a barrel or open tank, which answers
when a hand pump is used. We cannot
say how this gas method will compare
with a gasoline engine — not having used
the latter. The gas does well for us —
the great objection being that you must
depend on the gas manufacturer for your
power. You should keep at least three
tubes on hand, and send them back to
be filled as fast as they are emptied. The
compressed air sprayers are, we believe,
best of all where one can afford the heavy,
cost of the original outfit. The little
hand air pumps are useless except for
spraying in a garden. With 3,000 trees
we should never attempt to depend upon
hand pumps. The power sprayers do the
work more rapidly, and keep up a con¬
stant pressure, which gives a better spray.

It takes $20,000 worth of
postage stamps to mail

the Maule

SEED

catalogue for 1905. It contains 152 large
pages, full from cover to cover of illustra¬
tions and descriptions of the best and
newest tilings known in horticulture.
As the original introducer of Prlzetaker
Onion, Nott’s Excelsior Pea, Davis Wax
Bean, etc., etc., I know what I am saying
when I make the statement that never
before have I oll'ered so many novelties
in flower and vegetable seeds of real
merit as this season. No up-to-date gar¬
dener can afford to be without this book,
which will be sent free to all sending me
their address on a postal card.

WM. HENRY MAULE.
Philadelphia, Pa.

Did you ever see 5 straight or circular rows of
Pansies side by side, each a different color? If so,
you know that the effect is charming. Did you ever
see Childs’ Giant Pansies, marvels in beauty and
true to color? If not, you have not seen the best.

As a. Trial Offer we will for lO cts. mall S
Pkts. Giant l'ansies, Snow White, Coni It lurk.
Cardinal Jted, I*u reYellow, Azure Dine; also
Five Pkts.NcwGIantSweet JPeas for lOcts.,
White, Pink, Scarlet, Ulue, Yellow; also
Pi vo Pkts.newearly flowering Carnation Pinks
for lOcts., Scarlet, White, Pink, lied and Striped —
or All IS Pkts. for 25 cts.

Onr Catalogue for 1905— Greatest Book of
Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs, Plants and
New Fruits. 148 pages. SOOillustrations, many plates
—will be mailed Free. Scores of Great Novelties.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, N.Y.

HONEST

g

seed!

CORNS

8 FUNKS H0NEST“WAy1

^ SEED CORN IN THE EAR. p?

(T“ , Funks Corn won the only Grand Prize at
C— V the St. Louis World’s Fair. TheGrand Sweep- xal
stakes carcass at the International hive Stock e>
Show was ted on Funks high protein corn.
r— | Wrlto for our Now Book on Corn. It is free. nr\
FINK BROS. SEED CO., W.

b-; 44 7 N. Kast Street, Bloomington. III.

C-l Wcarcthepioncer*inahippingcom\nthecarinbu.crate.. CZ

Seeds, Plants, Roses,

Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees

The best by 51 years test, 1000
acres, 40 In hardy roses, 44

freenhouses of Palms,
'eras. Fleas, Geraniums,
Kverbloonalng Kates uria
other things too numerous to
mention, Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Etc., by mall postpaid, safe ar¬
rival and satisfaction guaran¬
teed, larger by express or
freight. Elegant 168 page cat¬
alogue free. Send for It and
see what values we give for a
- - «... - uttle money, a number of col¬

lection of Seeds, Plants, Trees, Etc., offered cheap
which will Interest you.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.
BOX 222, PAINB6VILLE, OHIO.

^lEGOI

.SEEP

For WyyP.|kilftjr We

nearly have

50 years supplied

Farmers and Gardeners with

GREGORY'S

SEEDS

“Your catalogue contains more use¬
ful information than I have found
in half a dozen others," writes
a customer. Catalogue free.
k 1. 1. II. GRKGORY A HON,
Sl.rblehv.il, iM*.

I have been growing plump seeds and
sellingthem on the square. My custom¬
ers stick. Nobody else sells my quality of seeds
at my prices. 1 cent a pkt. and up. Onion seed
50c per lb. All other seeds equally low.

A Large Lot of Extra Packages Pre¬
sented FREE with Every Order.

I want to fill a trial order, large or small, for you.
You’ll come again. Send your own and neigh¬
bor’s name and address for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills.

ZERS

Beardless Barley

The barley of your dreams;
no beards; easy to harvest;
always big yielding. Mr.
Wells, of Orleans Co., N.Y.,
threshed 121 bu. per acre.
You can beat this in 1905 if
you try.

National Oats

The marvel and wonder
!n oats. Will yield for you
on your own farm from 150
to 300 bu. in 1905. Try It.

Billion DollarCrass
and Teoslnte

The two greatest forage
plants of the century. Bil¬
lion Dollar Grass will
produce 12 tons of magnifl-
oent hay and Teoalnte 80
tons of green fodder per acre.
Catalog tells about it.

Look At These Yields

Speltz, 80 bu. grain
per acre, and 4 tons
of hay besides.

Macaroni Wheat,
Rust Proof, 80 bu.

Victoria Rape, 40
tons of green food per
acre.

Pea Oat, 85 tons.
Earliest Sweet Cane,
00 tons green food.

Potatoes, 800 bu.
per acre.

Now such prodigal yield*
pay. You always get them
when planting Salser’s
Seeds.

Onion Seed 60c

s pound, and other vegeta¬
ble seeds just as low. W®
ara the largest Yegctabl®

1 Seed growers in the world,
operating 5000 acres.

Si 0.00 for lOo

We wish you to try our
great Farm Seeds , hence offer
to send you a lot of Farm
Seed Samples, fully worth
910.00 to get a start, together
with our great seed catalog, all
for but 10c. postage, if you meu-
tiou this paper.

SEED CORN

“Edge drop” planters are no good unless the
seed Is of even size and perfect shape. I breed
corn with perfeefr'and uniform kernels and I
grade all mv shelled seed with a specially con¬
structed mill that throws out every uneven,
round or thick kernel better than you could
possibly do it by hand. Every kernel must be
ju»t like every other— even, flat, just right.
That means even, accurate planting and a per¬
fect stand. No trouble, no delay. All my shelled
seed is screened this way, a feature no other
seed man can offer. Samples and catalog free.

Hinry Fisld, Sssdsmsn, lax 28, Shenandoah, Iowa

“The ear eted eoiWi man.’*

The

most careful farmers
and gardeners everywhere
place confidence „n Ferry’s
Seeds — the kind that never fall

f FERRY'S

have been the standard for 49 years.
They are not an experiment./
Sold by all dealers. 1905 Seed
Annual free for the asking.

M. FERRY & CO-
Detroit, Mich.

jJERPARDY *

^seed Potatoes

ana standard varieties. Promising nevr vari-
from the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro¬
cured elsewhere. Earliest Seed Corn and
Garden Seeds from the natural home of
the potato, and the garden of Northern
Maine. Catalog free.

The Geo. W. P. Jerrard Co.. Caribou, Maine.

SEEDS

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalog free.

The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Dspt.24 fU»«nn«.0.

NEW SEEDS

FROM THE GROWER TO THE SOWER

Wo have raised a very fine lot of seeds the past sea-
son and offer them to the gardeners and farmers at
WHOLESALE PRICES. Catalogue free. It contains lots of good things, including a new
Blight Proof Potato and a new Oats that gave us 2,000 busboL on 19 acres. Don’t miss it.

JOSEPH HARRIS COe, Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y«

A CUCUMBER

Here’s one worth talking about. We wish to acquaint yon with
Ilawiou'i White Spine for greenhouse, hot bed or out-door planting
This is a superb variety of forcing cucumber. Perfect in color, form
and size. It pays to buy from the growers. Our valuable 1905 catalogue
of Arlington Tested Seeds mailed FllEE on request. Write for a copy.

XV. XV. RAWSON <fc CO., Seedsmen and Market Gardeners
1'4 and 13 Fanenll Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

LIVINGSTON’S
TRUE BLUE SEEDS.

btr, Crosby s Egyptian Beet and Wonderful Lettuce, and our 104 page Seed
Annual. Send us back the empty bags and we will accept them at 5 cents
each on any order amounting to 60 cents or over.

THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., Box 144. COLUMBUS, OHIO.

38

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 21,,

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Rights of a Mutual Telephone.

About one year aip> a telephone line was
bum, running from I'billipsville to Watts-
burg, by the fanners along the route, a dis¬
tance of about five miles, <?ach one taking
shares. I was willing to help build the line,
but refused on account of owning my own:
telephone and renting from the llell Com¬
pany, and paying their big rent, as (he rest of
them did. Now the line has discharged the
Bell Company and put in mutual telephones,
and each farmer owns his telephone, and they
refuse to sell me a share, or rent their wire.

1 am willing to pay well for the use of their
line, although their poles go the whole length
on our farm. They have no right of way;
also no bargain. I put up one pole for my
mail box in front of my house, which I oc¬
cupy, and they use it for their wire and line.
Soon there will lie fruit trees to lie trimmed,
new poles to set, and new holes dug. Can
they stop me from attaching the wire on my
own pole by paying for the use of their wire?
Am I not entitled to rent for the use of our
land, as it is a good deal of trouble to dodge
their poles year after year without some
compensation. Have they any right on our
land after tin* life of these poles? Their rea¬
son for not letting mo on the line Is that
their line has all the phones it will carry.
There are but 14 phoned on the entire line,
llow many phones should such a line be able
to carry? header.

Pennsylvania.

You have no right to use the wire of
the mutual association without its con¬
sent ; nor has it a right to use your land
for its poles without your consent. You
can insist upon a settlement, or have the
poles removed from your land. We can¬
not advise you as to the capacity of the
line.

Trespass by Telegraph Company.

A has a farm through which runs a public
road supposed to be four rods wide, although
only about 24 feet are used as a road, A cul¬
tivating and cropping up to the 24 feet. A
telegraph company lias a line of- poles, eight
of which have braces of wire or poles sup¬
porting or holding the main poles; both braces
and main poles are all on the four-rod road
strip. A does not; object to the main poles,
but he does to the braces, which are a nui¬
sance, making it hard to plow, barrow, or use
any machine around them. What can A do
to have these braces put out of the way? Old
residents say the telegraph company has no
franchise, that they just came along and put
the poles in place. If A tears these braces
out how can be protect himself from having
trouble with (he company, also prevent repair
gang from replacing them? A lias neither
time nor money to spend in a legal light.

New York. a. a. it.

If the telegraph company has no fran¬
chise, or right to use the highway, its
poles constitute a trespass against A, the
abutting owner, even though erected in
the highway. Technically A has the right
to remove the braces which obstruct his
use of the land in question, as this land
belongs to A, subject only to the right
of the public to pass over the same. This
may, of course, result in trouble with
the company, but that is true in most
cases where one insists upon enforcing
his strict legal rights, and cannot be
avoided. A might in the first instance
go into court, and ask to have the com¬
pany ejected. In this way the rights of
the parties would be developed, before any
positive action was taken.

Damage to Line Fence.

A aud It owned adjoining farms. A’s part
of division fence (old style worm fence) is
built on a stone row (stones picked up on
both farms and hauled to fence over 25 years
ago) two to four feet high and eight or 10
feet wide, therefore not the usual number of
rails used to make it. as with the stones it is
high enough by using four or five rails instead
of seven. Several years ago B’s farm was
sold to C, who some time later had bis hired-
help haul away some of the stone, to which
A verbally protested. Later C gave the su¬
pervisor permission to haul some of the stones
on the public road to make repairs, as well
as having his hired help haul some away
for other purposes, taking them at different
places, sometimes coming more than half way
across the row, making large gaps in the row,
and often taking away or undermining the
corners, so that the fence fell down. Inside
of two years from the time the stones were
taken away A, through a justice of the peace,
notified C that if the stone row was not re¬
placed in a reasonable time, so A could re¬
place his fence, suit would be brought. A
short time after V. sent a note to A, stating
that he was very busy just then, but would
come to see him as soon as he had a little
leisure, but has never said or done anything
in the matter since. What is A's remedy?

A never turns stock loose in any of the ad¬
joining fields. Who is responsible for any
damage done by any stock getting over A's
fence, which Is lying down? M. R. G.

Pennsylvania.

A should again serve notice on C to
replace the fence or repair it in as good
condition as before the stones were re¬
moved, and that in default thereof he, A,
will do it at C s expense. A can then,
if C neglects to comply within a reasona¬
ble time, do it himself, and sue C for
the expense incurred. If cattle do dam¬
age on A's land by reason of C's action,
C would be responsible for such dam¬
age. A might also seek to hold C liable
for a misdemeanor under the public laws
of Pennsylvania, which provide (Gen¬
eral Laws, 1865, 42. Section 1) that any
person who destroys any fence or car¬
ries away its material shall be subject
to a fine of not exceeding $50, one-half of
which shall be paid to the informer.

Why Use Salt on Hay?

./. P. /I., Fltmintiton, ,V. ./.—What advan¬
tage Is there is using salt when hauling hay
into (lie barn in Summer? lines it help to re¬
tain the color, or prevent it from drying out
so much? I understand some farmers use
(piite a good deal, but do not know what for.

Ans. — Salt is used for two purposes. It
absorbs moisture and thus dries out the
hay. It also to some extent stops fer¬
mentation or decay, much the same as it
does in meat or fish. Thus when green
or damp hay is put in a barn, the salt may
prevent it from heating or molding, as it
often does when put in alone.

Why Hitchings Uses Stable Manure.

F. A7., Host on. — In a recent reply to a ques¬
tion Mr. Illtehing.s states that if at any time
he notices a lack of vigor in his trees, he will
use stable manure. Will you ask him why
he uses manure?

Ans. — T am satisfied there is an
abundance of needed elements of fertility
in our soils. The supply is often not
available. Our business as fruit growers
is so to handle our soils as to make this
locked- up plant food available to our trees
at the least possible cost. An application
of stable manure tends to make a live soil.
A live soil is one in which bacterial action
is active. Bacteria are our most valuable
aid in unlocking latent plant food. The
bacteria are very active in stable manure
and so this is the best medium to start
bacterial action in our soils. Lack of
vigor usually indicates a lack of moisture
or of plant food; stable manure helps to
correct either condition by furnishing de¬
caying vegetable matter to our soils, which
acts like a sponge to hold moisture for the
first condition and by making the live con¬
dition of soil for the second.

GRANT G. HITCHINGS.

■vi qiiuu r niib o yuii uiis

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

AD ACC CFPI) .Timothy and all kinds of Clover
OCEU Seed. Hlue Grass, lied Top, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me hear from you and your wants.
Address U. J. COVER, M t. Gilead, Ohio.

COHBLER, Carman, Hustler, Reliance, Longfellow, ltose, Olllo,
Wonder, 85 kinds Potato kh. C. W. FOltD, Fishers, N. Y.

i nnn non asparagus RooTs-The

I) UUU^UUU Most Profitable Crop grown-
Seven of the best varieties described in our flfi page
Catalogue It Is FK KE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOOltK A SIMON,

Seed Growers. Philadelphia, Pa.

*3 K fllflfB ff IMO Earliest, Largest, brightest
IklllU New Ked Raspberry. Finest

catalog. W. N. SCAKFF, NEW CARLISLE, OHI»

FOR FRUIT and SHADE, Flower¬
ing Shrubs, etc. Catalogue for 11105
sent FREE.

ESTABLISHED IN 184a

EDWTN ALLEN & SON, New Brunswick.. N. J

TREES

Study the best seed catalogs
and make careful selection.

Be sure to get our

“Garden and
Farm Manual.”

— Free—

Tells about the choicest
seeds selected and grown ,
for a most critical trade.
Illustrated tli roughout by
actual Photographs.

We also Issue a special free
Illustrated Poultry Supply Book-
| Johnson & Stokes, Dept. R. |
“Seedsmen to the Money Makers ”
217-219 Market St.

C..,*- Philadelphia/1

. *

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

have been awarded

TWO GRAND PRIZES

at the

ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

One for the Collection of

VEGETABLES

Grown From Our Seeds
And another for Our Collection of

SEEDS

Our Catalogue, the 1 04th Annual Edition, is by far the most
complete, most reliable, and most beautiful of American Garden
Annuals. We are offering this year, the great

NOROTON BEAUTY POTATO
THE MOST VALUABLE EVER INTRODUCED

Full description and the opinions of many high authorities who
have tested it, will he found in our catalogue, which will he mailed
Free, to all interested in gardening or farming.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

Seed Growers and Merchants
36 Cortlandt Street, New York

103 Years in the Business

rTWO MILLION-

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower ran produce anything better. 40
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees,
Elborta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬
day. It’s sure to save you money.

■M J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md.

“GREAT SCOTT”

A- 3NT ox* t Strawloerry

S. H. WARREN, Weston, Mass.

Berry Plants
all good kinds

Cat free.

Over $200 netted last year per
acre from Parson Beauty Straw¬
berries, also, from Miller Rasp¬
berry. We sell plants enough
of either sort for 1 acre for $15.
8LAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del.

Strawberries)

The Mark Hanna

should be Included in every or¬
der. A great new variety.

Strong growing, regular and
prolific bearer of excellent
large borries. We grow

All Varieties

and we want you to see what Harrison quality
plants moans. None better grown, vigorous, well
rooted, sure bearers, l’rove by sending us trial |
order, any size. 1905 catalog of all fruits free.

Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29 Berlin, Md.

1905

Garden Book

is replete with informa¬
tion for gardeners. A
book of 224 pages, pro¬
fusely illustrated. Six
full-page colored plates.
Mailed to old customers
without request. Send
to anyone on receipt of
ten cents, which amount
may be deducted from
first order. When writ¬
ing please mention this
magazine. ^

7

[HeniyA.Dreer. 714 Chestnut 5t..Philar,Pa.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW and
Standard Straw'by,
ltas’by, Grape and
Blk’by plants. Vigorous. Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Bow Prices,
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. R- WESTON & CO.

It. F. D. No. 8 Bridgman, Mich,

Mb. Hardy roses

Perpetual bloomers— the kind that grow
real roses— the kind to buy. Our catalog
oifers a splendid selection. Write for cop;

■ ; it’s FREE. G ROVF.R NUItSERI

71 Trust Itldg., Rochester, N. Y.

i

BURPEE’S

SEEDS GROW AND
WIN MORE PRIZES

than the products of any other
brand ! Besides several Gold
Medals they won A Grand Prize
for vegetables at the St. Louis
Exposition.

If you intend to try Burpee’s Seeds, we
will mail free our Complete Catalogue of
178 pages, with beautiful colored plates and
illustrations from photographs taken at our
famous Fordhook Farms, the largest trial
grounds in America. Write to-day 1

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

DIBBLE’S SEED POTATOES

Grown in the cold North
on virgin soil, produce
larger and better crops

— — - — — than those from any other

mrce- All the new and standard sorts at lowest possible prices for highest possible quality. Any quantity
om barrels to carloads. We are headquarters for all Farm Seeds. Handsome illustrated catalog h REL.
»nd for it NOW. Address, E1HVARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW

BEST STANDARD VARIETIES

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Q-rape Plants, Asparagus Roots and
3eed Potatoes in assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-
sage Catalogue with cultural instructions, Free.

O. B. Whitten Box 11 _ Bridgman, TVriclx.

00~YOUR~FRUTf^fREES~BEK^r^rRIUE~TO /VA/WF?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for

my FREE Catalogue, Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nursel-ymau, RocHjbstkk, N. Y.

1905.

39

NEW JERSEY STATE HORTICUL¬
TURAL SOCIETY MEETS.

The New Jersey State Horticultural So¬
ciety hold its thirtieth annual meeting in
Trenton, January 5-6. The sessions were
very well attended, and the tone of the meet¬
ing was practical throughout. A very encour¬
aging feature was the increased number of in¬
terested young men attentively listening to
the addresses and discussions. Little the¬
orizing was indulged in at any stage of the
proceedings, and there was a notable scarcity
of experiment station lecturers. The topic of
overshadowing Interest was control of San
Jos6 scale, but much attention was bestowed
on the “robin question,” marketing of prod¬
ucts and rural education, in the sense of more
Intelligent instruction in country schools on
subjects related to farm life. Reviews of the
horticultural year in New Jersey as given in
the president’s address and in various com¬
mittee reports brought out the following
points :

Most cereal and garden crops fair to good

t He season was generally favorable to plant
growth, but especially so to development of
pests. Fruit growing is rapidly passing into
the hands of specialists, as close attention is
needed not only to grow the crop, but to mar¬
ket it to advantage. Distribution is ham¬
pered by discrimination and irregularities in
transportation. Home growers pay higher
rates in proportion than western producers.
The Interstate Commerce Commission should
be given power to enforce Its decisions. Con¬
gressmen everywhere should lie urged to vote
for (lie needed legislation. A National uni¬
form fruit package law Is also needed, as the
various State laws cannot be enforced against
shippers from other States. Co-operation be¬
tween growers aids In packing, shipping and
marketing. The sentiment that school
grounds and roadsides should be planted with
ornamental trees and shrubs wherever prac¬
ticable was warmly endorsed. Better State
legislation is needed to stay the progress of
San Josfi scale and similar pests. Fruit grow¬
ers are generally alive to the danger, and are
using the best means at command to control
it, but the pest is now established in many
waste places where it is only likely to be
reached by public authority. The repeal of
protective laws favoring the destructive robin
is again urged.

The Winter of 1003-4 was unusually se¬
vere, causing much loss among ornamentals
and to peach and blackberry growers. Ex¬
posed orchards with good air drainage came
through best. Orchards protected by Hills or
forests on the north or west fared badly in
many instances. Peach tree roots were killed
on low light soils, but not on upland. Frost
penetrated very deep. There were some good
local crops of peaches, but generally a light
yield. KiefTer pears bore a large crop of low
quality. Young orchards did best. Bartlett
and Le Conte pears sold fairly well, but there
were too many cheap apples for good pear
prices. Early apples are generally most profit¬
able for New Jersey growers. Yellow Trans¬
parent, Alexander, Williams Early, Wealthy
and Ilagloe most promising. Low-headed va¬
rieties should lie planted, as they are easier
to spray, prune and pick. Plums were gener¬
ally unprofitable. Wlckson brought best re¬
turns. Strawberries were a short crop, but
sold for fair prices. Blackberries almost a
failure on account of winter-killing; Ward
and El Dorado most reliable so far. The
raspberry crop was light, Cuthbert most profit¬
able ; Miller good color, but poor quality. Early
King yields well <Jn heavy soil, good color and
fair quality. Grapes were Irregular in yield;
good crop in some localities and lotal failure
in others. The culture of currants is being
given up on account of scale. Cherries bore
a fine crop, lint the sweet and early varieties
were practically destroyed by birds.

Among vegetables early peas did not return
much profit. Early cabbage was largely trou¬
bled with maggot; lime proved best remedy.
Melon blight grows worse yearly. Some ben¬
efit is noted from frequent applications of
Bordeaux Mixture. Sweet potatoes are seri¬
ously affected with fungus in some portions
of the State. No cure has been found. Ani¬
mal and chemical manure both give good re¬
sults in yield. Sugar corn was generally
profitable, but too much white silo corn Is
grown and offered to consumers as sugar corn.
More early peppers are grown than can be
sold to advantage. Potatoes gave a fair crop
in most localities. Blight cut short some
yields. Bordeaux Mixture does not always
seem effective in controlling Potato blight.

The State entomologist, Prof. J. B. Smith,
reported the results of the year’s spraying
operations throughout (lie State. San Josd
scale at the present time is the worst pest
the fruit grower must contend with. The
lime, sulphur and salt solutions, so success¬
fully used in many eastern States in 1903,
proved very uncertain in New Jersey in 1904 ;
gave excellent results In some interior local¬
ities, especially on peach and plum; generally
failed on pears and apples. Causes of failure
unknown ; pear wood may be too smooth and
apple twigs too fuzzy. If much lime Is used
the thick solution does not seem to pene¬
trate the woolly coating of apple twigs, the
scale survives and the larva? go out and dis¬
figure the fruit during growth. Thus appar-

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

•ently clean trees may bear scaly fruit. It is rec¬
ommended to use sail, but not too much lime.
The lime-sulpluir preparations are excellent
fungicides for dormant trees, especially active
on Peach leaf-curl. They occasionally hurt
bloom buds on plum, but not on peach, apple
or pear. Summer applications have not been
satisfactory, as if solutions are strong enough
to kill scale the foliage is also badly Injured.
'1 ne caustic soda and caustic potash solutions
so insistently recommended a year ago have
been found to have no value whatever as
scale killers, but are useful to clean the bark
of trees from mossy growth. Of all the soap
solutions, whale-oil soap, two pounds to the
gallon of water, is most effective. Crude pe¬
troleum is really effective, but the public hears
too much of a few tree losses to use it freely;
appears to benefit old pear trees aside from
its action in eradicating scale. The grade
known as “insecticide oil” supplied by the
Standard Oil Company from its Pennsylvania
fields Is most reliable. Use heavy pressure
through a tine nozzle. Apply as sparingly as
consistent with covering every part of tree.
Crude oil heated to 80 or more degrees goes
twice as far as when cold ; may be conven¬
iently heated with steam. Limoid and kero¬
sene mixtures are very promising. Twigs
from trees sprayed with a 20-per-cent solu¬
tion in November were found practically free
from live scale. The combination will be
largely tested the coming year. Other speak¬
ers warmly defended the lime, sulphur and
salt combinations, pleading for purity of ma¬
terials, care in making up and thoroughness
in application. They considered it. the most
economical, safe and hopeful of all scale rem¬
edies and a valuable fungicide.

Protecting our small fruits from the robin
was the subject of an able paper by E. S.
Black, Illghtstown. He showed that fruit
growers have no desire to injure any bird,
preferring to live in harmony with all nature,
but robins and other fruit-eating birds have
so increased in many localities as virtually to
destroy the ripening crops of small fruits.
The legislative committee of the society had
asked for a modification of the present bird
laws, allowing fruit growers to protect their
crops under the necessary restrictions, but
the bill was fought by town residents and
sentimentalists knowing nothing of the prac¬
tical side of the matter, and defeated in the
Assembly. After the scale the robin was the
most serious menace to the grower, as he
Invariably takes the choicest fruits, and can¬
not be frightened or cajoled away by any
practical means. It is impossible economic¬
ally to protect fruits by netting and similar
devices, nor is the robin fooled by trap crops
of Inferior varieties. The grower only asks
the privilege of protecting his products, and
the appeal for a common-sense law will be
continued until the demand is granted.

Many excellent papers on practical subjects
were read by experienced men. The question
box was filled to overflowing, and lively discus¬
sions followed, in which much information
was given. II. VV. Collingwood, of The R.
N.-Y., made a stirring address on “Horticul¬
tural Education for the Country Boy," which
was warmly applauded and received a special
vote of thanks. The fruit exhibit in size and’
quality was far the best in the history of the
society. All the present officers were re¬
elected for the ensuing year. An agreeable
feature of the meeting was the very excellent
vocal and instrumental music enlivening the
afternoon and evening sessions. w. v. r.

A CORRECTION

When the seed advertisement of W.
Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,
was published on page 4 of The R.N.-Y.,
.issue of January 7, it was thought that
Burpee’s Seeds had won the only Grand
Prize for vegetables at the St. Louis
World’s Fair. Later, on his way to
Mexico, Mr. Burpee learned that the
Grand Prize for vegetables had also
been awarded to J. M. Thorburn & Co.,
and Mr. Burpee promptly wired the
publisher of The R. N.-Y. from New
Orleans to make a prominent correction
of the error. The telegram reached the
paper too late for last week’s issue, but
the correction is now made prominent
at Mr. Burpee’s request.

RED RIVER VALLE’

EARLY OHIOS,

grown In. the cold Northwest, Are unsurpMoe
In rigor and In early maturity. Olds’ pure a<
lect seed Is the best that can be obtained
Very lurge stock in store. Prices reasonable
Send postal for Common Sense Catalog of A
I, ending Varieties Potatoes, Corn, Oati
Barley, Grass Seeds, Garden Heeds, Etc.

L. L. Olds Seed Co., Drawer Y, Clinton, Wli

Lou Dillon

THE ■ - Tandem Garden

CULTIVATOR

A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Staving garden tool ever invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width
between) in an instant. No wrench needed. Shallow, Medium or Deep Culti-
ration obtain ed by simple movement of the foot. Works soil at an even
~V depth all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without one of our time savers. Built for the big gar¬
dener and the little gardener. Used for any garden crop.

Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalog and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

ScliailDl© Mnfg. Oo-

3Dopn.rtm.oiit C
EliYILIA. - - OHIO

THE MOBILE (flexible) CULTIVATORS

Four complete implements are made from one set of parts.
The Spring Frame may he compressed or expanded as desired.
It makes a complete Steering Hear. The earth-treating tools
may he shifted perpendicularly and laterally, the same as a two-
horse corn cultivator.

As a Weeder it will replace the boy going on all
fours.

The MOBILE is an up-to-date implement made
for up-to-date people.

“The MOBILE COMBINED” is a Gardener’s
Outfit and costs little money.

Write us at once for illustrated circular and prices.

MOBILE GARDEN IMPLEMENT MFG. CO.

Mt. Gilead, Ohio

Twice the Garden-Half the Work

Planet Tr Garden TV>o1k *i!v^?on<,t,li8Ti?rf,'ouaan<,80^,'!ar<lfiIlerB> and they will

I ionic i Ji. vtti ucu A UVJ1A ,|0 it for von. To be without them in like harvesting with
, ,, , a sickle. Write to-day for our finely-illustrated 1 »05

I lui'ct Jr. < Htulogiie a handbook making plain the way to easy, successful gardening. .Mailed free
Tells an about the entire Planet Jr. line, including plain and combined seeders, wheel lioes 1 ami ami
walking cultivators, harrows, one and two-horse riding cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc

No. 25 Combined Seeder

In its various forms, meets perfectly, practically all requirements of garden work. It is a seeder a
double wheel hoe, a cultivator, a plow, combined. Changes made instantly. Sows in
hills or drills, marks rows, kills weeds, loosens surface, cultivates all dentils fur
rows, ridges, etc. Works between or astride rows; to or from plants Han¬
dles adjustable for height.

No. 16 Single Wheel Hoe

Is a light but extremely efficient hoe, performing a large variety
of service. May be fitted to work on both sides of row at
once. Its cultivator and rake attachments give it
a broad range of usefulness. Handles ad
justable. Strong and durable.

A boy can use it. A postul
brings the catalogue.

S. L. ALLEN & CO.,

Box 1107-v Philadelphia, Pa.

x». is

Single
Wheel Drill

No. 6 Iron Age Combined^
b Doable and Single .
Hoe, Hill
Land Drill
LSeedor.

Your Spring Help

What kind of help will you have this spring. Will
you do your work the old way with many men and
much expense, or employ the time-saving, labor¬
lessening and money-making

IRON AGE Implements

These famous tools double each man’s capacity -saving time and money.

Our new No. 2S fertilizer Distributor attachment may be applied to our
famous No. 6 combined tool, or to our No. 1 Double Wheel Hoe
us is the case with the Seed Drill attachments. This labor sav¬
ing implement and the Iron Age (Improved Robbins) Potato
Planter are fully described in "Iron Age’’ a book which should
be in the hands of every gardener and farmer who would be
more successful. Sent free.

BATEMAN MFC. CO., Box 102, Crenloch, N. J.

Iron Ago
(Improved
Robbins)
Potato
Planter.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold In every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
80 well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 * Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

3!i Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Bouton

to Dearborn St., Chicago. G92 CraigSt., Montreal, 1*.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. 8. W.

Tenlente-Key 71, Havana, Cuba.

ACME

SIZES

3 to 13% feet

Agents

Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast
iron

Catalog and booklet.

An Ideal Harrow” by

T „ . . . — . . Henry Stewart sent free.

I deliver r. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: MOW. Washington St., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Ava. S.. MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 218 lOth St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

i’LEASK MENTION THIS PAPER.

4o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 21,

Ruralisms ;

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Good Plum Wanted. — The Minnesota
Horticultural Society adopted a resolution
during its last meeting, December 7-9, of¬
fering $100 prize for the production of a
native plum adapted for general culture in
that State, larger and firmer than present
varieties. In the discussion preceding the
passage of the resolution, it was urged
that the standard for the new plum be
set high, that a variety may be had such as
the State can be proud of. One hundred
dollars is not a great award for a useful
new fruit. A plant breeder setting out to
create a new orchard fruit in any respect
superior to existing kinds is likely to ex¬
pend, in labor and direct outlay, many
times that sum before a start is made to¬
ward the desired improvement. Even if
the equipment is at hand, from five to
seven years are needed for a plum gener¬
ation, from the selection of seed parents
to a stage of fruition affording a fair
chance for comparison with standard
sorts, but as countless experiments look¬
ing towards the production of better na¬
tive plums are going on under public and
private supervision this moderate prize
may act as a welcome stimulus to perse¬
verance in such a worthy object. The
quality of some native plums is already
very high; they are as a rule healthy,
hardy and productive. If satisfactory size
and the firmness needed for commmercial
shipment can be added, we shall have one
of the most agreeable fruits of the earth.

The Hairy Toad Lily. — One of the
oddest and most desirable of hardy her¬
baceous plants is the Hairy Toad lily.
Tricyrtis hirta, particularly the dark-spot¬
ted and free-flowering variety known as
T. hirta nigra. Fig. 21, page 35, is a very
unsatisfactory representation of a portion
of a bloom spike as it appears in late
September. The plants are entirely hardy
as regards Winter cold, but are somewhat
sensitive to hot sun, and some species
bloom so late that the buds are likely to
be injured by frost. Toad lilies should be
planted when possible in light, rich soil
in a partially shaded position. They grow
from one to three feet high, but are not
vigorous enough to struggle with native
plants unless given fair culture and some
attention. The stems and foliage of the
species above recommended are covered
with thick whitish hairs. The flower buds
appear in clusters at the axils of the leaves,
clothing the plants, when opened, from
base to summit with curious bell-shaped
blooms an inch or more across, creamy
white, marked in the most extraordinary
way with dark purple or black spots.
While not particularly showy, the appear¬
ance of the Toad lily in bloom is strangely
unique. A comparison is usually made
with orchids, but not many orchids are so
distinct and odd in appearance. They are
very useful for cutting, as they come at a
time when garden flowers are scarce. The
plants are not really tuberous, but have a
thickened root stock covered with tufts of
fibrous roots. They are often catalogued
by bulb dealers, and are easy to trans¬
plant when dormant, but should never be
allowed to dry out before planting. Roots
may be had in early Spring, the best time
for planting, at 15 to 25 cents each. When
established they should not often be dis¬
turbed, but allowed to form large masses
which will in time yield great amounts of
bloom. If the situation is dry the plants
may need water at times to keep the foli
age in good condition. Clumps may be
taken up when in bud and bloomed in the
greenhouse or window garden, but, on the
whole, the Toad lily is best adapted for
shady places in the border or garden.
There are species with yellow blooms, and
others with fewer spots, but they are not
as attractive as the Hairy Toad lily, which
has also a faint but agreeable perfume. A
form with variegated foliage was at one
time cultivated, but it is seldom seen now.

placed in contact with the damp soil. The
New Jersey /vgricultural Chemical Co.,
Paterson, N. J., submitted some time ago
samples of “Bonora,” a concentrated chem¬
ical fertilizer in liquid form. We have
made comparative trials of Bonora on pot¬
ted plants under glass with similar plants
fed with liquid animal manure of the
usual strength — one bushel of cow, horse
or sheep manure in 50 gallons of water.
The Bonora was diluted, as directed, with
100 times its bulk of water — one pint
Bonora to 12j^ gallons water — and appli¬
cations made as nearly as possible at the
same time and in similar quantity with the
liquid manures. Little difference in the
growth and appearance of the two lots of
plants could be noticed in four months’
trial, but both were much superior to sim¬
ilar plants receiving no fertilizer during
that interval. We conclude the samples
of Bonora tested were in every way as effi¬
cient for the purpose as ordinary liquid
manure from animal sources, and vastly
more pleasant to handle and apply. The
problem of disagreeable fumes has been
overcome, the concentrated solution and
the dilution ready for use being practically
without odor. Country dwellers having
access to fresh soils and abundance of fer¬
tilizing material have little use for these
special preparations, but there can be no
doubt of their utility for the many plant
lovers forced to live in crowded towns and
cities.

Too Many Christmas Trees? — It is
rather depressing to think of the countless
thousands of thrifty young everygreens
sacrificed each year for their very transient
use as Christmas trees. They are cut by
the train load, and dispatched to the larger
cities and commercial centers. About 60
per cent are actually used for the purpose
intended, the remainder thrown aside or
burned as waste. A small proportion come
from nurseries, where they are occasion¬
ally grown for the purpose, but by far the
larger share are cut from the natural
growth of forest and hillside. A small
amount of money is thus distributed in re¬
mote places, and occasionally a slight rev¬
enue obtained from otherwise unproductive
lands, but the lion’s shar-e of the profit
goes, as usual, to the middleman and
transportation company. Our Atlantic and
northern forests may be able to stand for
a time this increasing drain, but it is far
otherwise in some of the central arid
States, where the forest growth is already
too scanty, and costly efforts are being
made by State and National Governments
for reforestation. It has recently been es¬
timated that over 100,000 spruce and other
evergreen trees are yearly used in Colo¬
rado alone for Christmas trees, represent¬
ing the forest growth of 500 acres for 15
to 25 years. This reduction cannot in the
end be without detrimental effect on the
available water supply. Public opinion
has already been worked up to a point in
Colorado where small forests near cities
receive police protection, and many fam¬
ilies have been induced to use artificially
manufactured trees. Considering the ex¬
ceedingly limited life of the usual Christ¬
mas tree the use of a manufactured article
is to be commended. w. v. F.

SCOTT’S EMULSION

We don’t put Scott’s Emul¬
sion in the class of advertised
cure-alls ; it doesn’t belong
there. We hardly like to use
the word “cure’' at all, but we
are bound to say that it can be
used for a great many troubles
with great satisfaction. Its
special function is to repair
the waste of the body when
the ordinary food does not
nourish, and this means that
it is useful in many cases
which are indicated by wast¬
ing.

We’ll send you a sample free.

A Window Garden Fertilizer. — Most
dealers in florists’ supplies offer concen¬
trated "plant foods” for use in the window
garden or conservatory. These prepara¬
tions are usually in solid form, and con¬
sist of concentrated mixtures of the nec¬
essary chemicals, to be lightly worked in
the soil of the pots as a top-dressing, or
dissolved in proper proportion and applied
as a liquid stimulant. They are conven¬
ient and effective when properly used, but
are not altogether as “odorless” as adver¬
tised. The dissolved bone or acid super,
phosphate of lime, so necessary as a source
of phosphoric acid, is likely to give off a
rank, sour smell when first moistened or

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street. New York.

RHODES DOUBLE OUT

PBUHING 8HEAE

Cuts from
both sides of
limb and does
not bruise
the bark.

Wc pay Ex¬
press charges
on ail orders.

Write for
circular and
prices.

423 West Bridge St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

RHODES MFC. CO.

SPRAY

for scale with the AVAL LACE
SPRAYERS. No expense for power
Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, Ill.

Y our face is your
fortune. Guard
it with Williams’
Shaving Soap.

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2 -cent stamp to pay poitage.
Write for booklet How to Shave.”
TheJ. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct.

HOW TO RID YOUR ORCHARD OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT.

Dilute One Gallon of “ CONSOL” with
Forty Gallons of Water, hot or cold ;
Spray with any Spray Pump.

The Result of a HALF MILLION
HOLLARS in experimental work.

WHITE FOR BOOKLET.

" Valuable Information on Orchard Spraying.”

A Pleasure to Answer Inquiries.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

DON’T LET THE

SAN JOSE SCALE

DESTROY YOUR TREES. SPRAY WITH

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH

AND BE SURE TO USE

BERGEN PORT

SUBLIMED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR.

This brand is prepared especially for
Spraying purposes : insist on having it.
Ask your dealer, or write to

T. & S. C. WHITE CO.,

28 Burling Slip, New York.

HYDRATED LIME

To mix with KEROSENE. Sure Death to
SAN JOSE SCALE. For Few Trees or Large
Orchards. Free circular explains.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertlllzeras well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4 50; half barrel,
i701b.,3jkcperlb; barrel,4251b ,3i^c. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

Hardie
Spray Pumps

are the fruit growers best
protection against all In¬
sects and diseases which
attack fruit tree*. The
Hardie Spray Pump Is the
simplest, strongest, most
durable and highest pres¬
sure spray pump made
and "It works so easy."

Send today for our tree
book on Spraying giving
all the best formulas and
Information about how the successful fruit
growers make big money. Just a request on a
postal will bring this valuable book.

HOOK-HARDIE CO.

MECHANIC ST. HUDSON. MICH.

Pear affectod by the San
Jose Scale which annual¬
ly destroys $30,000,000
worth of fruit.

EMPIRE
,be KING

or QARFIELD KNAPSACK
AGITATORS. Noscorching foliage,
nor rubber valves. All Btyles of Spray
I Pumps. Valuable book of instructions free.

| FIELD FORCE PUMPCO. ii Ilth St., Elmira, K. Y.

containing plenty of Potash. All
vegetables require a fertilizer con¬
taining at least io per cent, actual

Potash

Without Potash no fertilizer is com¬
plete, and failure will follow its use.

Every farmer should have our valuable books
on fertilization— they are not advertising
matter booming any special fertilizer, but
books of authoritative information that means
large profits to the farmers. Sent free for the
asking.

GERMAN KALI WORKS

98 Nassau Street,

New York.

jomctidr

succeeded
by using only
the best
machinery.

The Gaboon

is the world’s standard Hand Broadcast
Seed Sower. Positively accurate and lasts
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GOODELL COMPANY ,

14 Main Street, Antrim, N. H.

I Garden Tool
for evtrjr
purpose.

AMES PLOW CO

THE GARDENER

for home or market finds tools best
adapted to his work In the line of

Matthew*'

New Universal

Hand Seeders
and Cultivators.
Singly or combined

with Hoes, Plows,
Hakes, Markers. Send
for Free Booklet of
valuable information for
nd cultivating
and full de-
of these im-

Markot Street, Boston, Maas.

CIDER

PRESSES.

Investigate the“ Monarch ”
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
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1005.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4 1

Hope Farm Notes

Home Again. — I left Florida the day after
New Year's, with the mercury above 70 de¬
grees, and the sun so hot that we were glad to
hunt for shade. As the train climbed up the
country the air grow brisker, though it was
evidently warmer than usual. I saw no snow
south of Washington, but we finally rode into
a rainstorm which ended in a blizzard. It
was a rude awakening from the balmy south¬
ern air, and yet I must say that I enjoyed the
sting of the cold. I drove into the Hope
Farm gate after dark in the face of a biting
wind, and through a big snowdrift. The old
house certainly did look homelike. Emma
had a hot supper of pea soup, codfish and
cream, baked apples and bread and butter. I
a m almost ashamed to tell how many baked
apoles I ate. If I could have had the
Madame at the end of the table and th
children at the side it would have been a per¬
fect home coming. They are better off in the
sun than they are in the snow. Everything
was right at home. The pullets have begun
to lay, and Emma had a big box of eggs, al¬
most too precious to eat. Eggs are high now,
and the hens will give us a little income.
Philip has made over the barn so that every
animal except old Frank has a box stall. The
colts are lively as kittens. • Beauty is being
driven, and promises to be worthy of her
name in her performance. We are ripping
down some old board fences that have seen
tlielr best days, and putting wire in their
place. As is known, I am using various
brands of wire fence side by side, to see how
long they will last. Thus far I don't believe
there is an ounce of zinc used in any of the
so-called galvanizing. Two buildings must be
shingled this Winter, and considerable paint¬
ing done. We also want to clean up several
acres of scrub land for planting apple trees
in the Spring. Plenty to do this Winter if
we can only have decent weather. . . .

The snow came so early that I have been
afraid the mice and rabbits would be at the
young trees. I find little if any damage, but
am sorry to find plenty of sunseald on a
block of young apple trees. The south sides
of these trees are turning brown, and I fear
the bark is dead. It seems to be caused by
sudden cold following warm, bright weather.
These trees are on the most exposed part of
the farm, at the top of a steep bill. We
planted them early in November, 190.3. Some
were killed during the hard Winter. As no
other trees died, and as I cannot find evi¬
dence of sunseald elsewhere, I conclude that
something was wrong with those trees. I
think they were dug from the nursery row
before they were fully ripened, and then
fumigated. This fumigation in the Fall of
trees with soft wood seems to weaken them
seriously, and I do not believe these trees
ever got over it. I hope to cut them back
below the scalding and start them close to the
ground, but some of them will die in spite
of all. I should have painted them with
limoid and kerosene.

The Florida Farm. — Charlie is working
away at the little place In Florida — not
named yet. This strip of land — a little less
than 30 acres — Hes on the shore of a large
lake, with a small stream running through it.
In Florida the lower lands, near water, are
used for farming, and as such places are not
suitable for human habitation during the hot
and wet seasons, people usually live on the
higher land, where the orange groves are lo¬
cated, and go and come from the lower farms,
luere Is a shed on our place where we can
store tools, but we shall not attempt to live
there. The place has a history which is per¬
haps characteristic of some Florida farms. It
was originally “Government land," well tim¬
bered with pine. After some years the owner
cleared about 10 acres along the lake, and
planted a grove of about 500 orange trees,
lie spent much time and money on this grove,
which at five years was full of promise. The
freeze killed the trees to the ground before
they made a crop. The owner was discour¬
aged, and did not. try to start the trees anew,
so all that money was lost. After some years
he went back, cleared the ground and started
a crop of potatoes. They made a beautiful
growth, when, late In March, "for the first
time in 30 years,” there came a heavy late
frost which killed the crop to the ground.
Again the owner abandoned the land in dis¬
gust. After a few years more, with the re¬
newed courage which seems to come to the
Florida farmer after a few mild Winters, he
started again with a crop of strawberries.
They were past full bloom, with a small for¬
tune in sight, when about 30 head of range
cattle broke through the fence and trampled
the whole thing into mud before they were
discovered ! That meant “three strikes and
out." for our friend, and he quit, never caring
to see the farm again. I bought the farm and
Charlie will attempt to graft success upon
the root of these failures !

Luck. — Gut are you not afraid of that un¬
lucky piece of land? Some people would say
it was cursed, and should be left alone. I
don't care what others say. The land is the
best. I could find in the neighborhood. Even
the Wire grass which grows on it is larger
than at other places. Along the brook are

the marks of hogs, and cattle pasture on it
and come down to its shore to drink. Such
animals, forced to hunt for their food, wfll
beat any chemist in locating good soil. As
for a “curse” upon land or “luck” — nonsense.
Every gray-haired man knows that, there is
nothing one-sided in life. In the end things
are evened up. After this succession of fail¬
ures there is all the more reason to believe
that a list of successes are to follow. If our
friend had cut back bis orange trees and kept
at them he would have had a good crop this
year. If he had kept on planting potatoes or
strawberries he would have surely hit one
season that would have paid for the whole
thing. Farming is not a gamble, but a thing
to keep at year after year. Some of the crops
we try to raise may be cards in a gambler's
game, but the business of farming is to find
some crop that is sure — make that the foun¬
dation and use the others for frills if need be.
Thus Charlie was not afraid to start at the
job on Friday. There are some pine stumps
left. We burn rubbish against them grad¬
ually to work them off. The worst trouble is
a growth of palmetto, which is grubbed out
by the roots. Charlie will not tackle the pine
land yet.

A Crude Plan. — I know how foolish it
would be for a .Terseyman to go down to Flor¬
ida and tell old settlers how to farm. I must
say, however, that it Is harder to obtain defi¬
nite information and advice about farming in
Florida than in any other place I ever visited.
From the experiment station down few peo¬
ple seem prepared to >ay just what ought to
be done. It seems to me that this lack of
definite information or practical demonstra¬
tion hurts the State. People put work and
money upon oranges, truck or crops which
are at the mercy of the frost, and when these
are lost lose everything.

I confess my entire ignorance of Florida
farming and then intend to go ahead and try
a new plan. If it fails I am very willing to
lie laughed at, for 1 have endured laughter
before now with great cheerfulness until I
saw It creep around to the “other side of the
mouth.” Charlie expects to clear about five
acres for the plow before January 15. Then
he will plow it as best, he can, and let the
furrows stand up to the weather. This is to
let the sun and air in, though we may find
this a mistake if the season is dry. We will
find out — no one seems to know. While the
soil is lying open Charlie will set posts around
this field and put up six strands of barbed
wire. This is to keep out hogs and cattle.
By that time the disk plow will be on hand,
and this will be run over the plowed furrow.
I expect it to chop off roots and toss over
and mix up the soil. We shall plant much
the same as we do in New Jersey, except that
the seed pieces will be smaller, the furrows
not so deep and the seed covered lightly at
first. Charlie wants to use 500 pounds of
fertilizer per acre at first, 500 pounds more
when the plants are a few inches high, and
300 or more as the tubers begin to form. We
shall use sulphur on the seed. Cultivation
will be much the same as in the North. While
the potato crop is growing Charlie will keep
on clearing land, getting as much as possible
ready for plowing. When the potatoes are
out my plan is to cut the whole flgld over
with the disk and sow a combination of
sorghum and cow peas. If anyone knows that
anything else will do better I would like to
know what it. Is. My object is to cover the
soil with a heavy crop of forage. If the
weather is suitable I will have this stuff cut
and cured for hay. If that is not prac¬
ticable we will put hogs inside the fence to
eat the stuff down. If I can find a few likely
heifers on the range I will buy them and put
them on this pasture as the foundation for a
little herd. As the cow peas are eaten down
I hope to work over parts of the field and
sow rape and Cow-horn turnips, to be eaten
down by hogs. By keeping the land constant¬
ly employed in this way I do not see why at
the end of the year we cannot put it into
potatoes once more or in Bermuda onions,
greatly improved in condition, and a good
supply of hay or meat in addition. We shall
experiment with Alfalfa in all sorts of ways
until we learn how to make it grow. I have
never been in a country where milk, butter,
eggs and meat average higher in price during
the Winter season. I believe we can find some
forage that will grow every month in the
year. With the light shelter required for ani¬
mals I do not see why Florida cannot become
a good stock country. Let us think, too, how
the use of fodder and stock will reduce the
cost of fertilizer and improve the soil. In a
general way that is our plan. We may be
obliged to change it, but we will give it a
trial at least. I have about given up my
idea of hatching out early pullets and ship¬
ping them up here for Summer laying. They
will earn more down there. We sent some
of our pullets to Florida, and they started
laying before their sisters at Hope Farm did.

Would you send cattle down?

No, unless it might be a young calf. Older
cattle would suffer at first, and might die.
My idea is to use the best range heifers to
start with and a good Short-horn sire. The
beef market in the South is good, and if we
can get Alfalfa started beef will pay.

u. w. c.

Safe Money

Safety is the first thing
to think of; profit next.
Money in the bank is
either safe or unsafe — no
middle ground. Our book¬
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CLEVELAND TRUST

or shinnies or work lumber in any form you
should know all about our improved

AMERICAN MILLS.

All sizes saw mills, planers, edgers, trimmers,
engines, etc. Best and largest line wood work¬
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Dollar deposits welcome.

CLEVELAND OHIO

There Reasons

The Angle Lamp

is the only one advertised. It is the only one
with qualities to commend it to all classes. It is
the most economical good light in the world. All
other lamps will smoke and emit an odor that is
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easy to operate and care for. One filling lasts 22
hours. Lights and extinguishes like gas. Yet
the best thing about it is the quality of its
light. It is steady and restful to the eyes — and
means genuine comfort. It has all the lighting
power of gas or electricity, but is reliable and per¬
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is The Angle Lamp’s great exclusive feature. That
alone has helped greatly in making it famouB.

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to prove its good qualities for they cannot be told
here. No one can help butappreciate it. We will send
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the lamp without risk. Write for catalogue NaNN
while you are thinking about it.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO., 78-80 Murray St., Ntw York.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel*
Clamps to barrel, keg or straightedgebox. Pop-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extracost. Special farmers’ offer and circular free.

B0WSHEE MILLS

w (Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
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LIGHTEST RUNNING.

T fitze* — 2 to 25 horse power. One style for
windwheel use. ( Also make Sweep
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1’. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

Feed Grinder

The Hero

is the best which money can buy
for any kind of power from 2
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Send for free catalogue of Grinders, Cutters,
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TRY.THIS MILL

Test it thoroughly
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Box 115, New Holland, Pa.

still leads all others. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
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CUTAWAY vTOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush and Bog Plow, cats a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep. Will plow i
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Rev. Disk Plow cuts a furrow 6 to lOln. deep. 14 In wide.

All these machines will kill witch-
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Higganum, Conn., U. B. A.

42

January 21,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A GOOD GUERNSEY BULL.

Blue Blood 0310, pictured at Fig. 17,
first page, is the property of Alfred G.
Lewis, Geneva, N. Y. He comes from the
very best Guernseys on both sides, and
is “prepotent,” that is, capable of trans¬
mitting his good qualities. When asked
why he breeds Guernseys, Mr. Lewis
quotes the records made at Buffalo in the
model dairy breed test:

“Guernsey herd shows greatest profit in
production of butter fat. Guernsey herd,
shows greatest profit in production of
churned butter. The cow showing the
greatest profit, and three of the five cows
showing the greatest profits, are Guern¬
seys. The butter from the Guernsey herd
showed the best average score on flavor
and natural color.”

Rank of breeds competing on butter, six
months' production.

Churned

Butter fat.

butter.

Guernsey .

. $230.10

$220.37

Jersey . .

. 225.44

214.51

Ayrshire .

. 217.68

212.01

Holstein .

. 210.56

102.88

lied Polled .

1 07.80

101.83

Brown Swiss .

183.08

176.83

French Canadian..

176.34

181.81

Short-liorn .

172.84

164.77

Polled Jersey....

. 160.44

1 60.50

Dutch Belted .

116.04

1 1 1 .06

He also says: “Aside from a profitable
standpoint in production of milk and but¬
ter fat, the Guernsey is larger than the
Jersey, and it follows that when she has
f >rved her time as a milker she will bring
in quite a good return for beef, a quality
not to be lost account of in dairy cattle.
Another point I think a good one is that
the Guernseys are a great deal more quiet
in their disposition than any of the other
dairy breeds. They are not subject to dis¬
eases where good care is the custom, and
are hardy, vigorous animals. They are
also easy keepers, and keep up a large flow
of milk during the year. We have a
great deal of trouble to dry the cows up
before calving to give them the proper
amount of rest, and I think that any cow
that is hard to dry up has a very good
point in her favor. 1 think all Guernsey
breeders will say that for beauty the
Guernsey is the most beautiful type of
dairy cattle. With their fawn color, white
markings, etc., they make a picture not
soon to be forgotten, even by people not
particularly interested in cattle. I, of
course, do not attempt to say that they
will produce more milk than the Hol¬
stein, but the quality is there as well as
a large quantity, and we must have qual¬
ity as well as quantity to make up the
dairy cow. My herd of about 40 animals
is steadily increasing, and I expect to in¬
crease to about 150 animals, so you can
see 1 am well pleased with these cattle.”

STARTING A DAIRY.

I am thinking of starting a small dairy of
about 30 or 35 cows, and as I have had but
little experience in the dairy business I would
like some advice as to a building best adapted
for cattle, taking in consideration the venti¬
lation and how and where the box stalls
should be located for cows and young calves.
Where should the milk room be located?
What feed will produce the best results?

Somerville, N. J. D. J. s.

I would build the stable, if possible,
with an eastern, southern and western ex¬
posure ; that is, have the end of the
stable to the south. While there is some
complaint from dealers in high-grade
milk that stables should not have hay
storage above, I am sure this position can¬
not be maintained against stables thor¬
oughly insulated with a olose, tight-
matched ceiling, provided with perfectly
close-fitting doors for any openings neces¬
sary for throwing down feed. I he side
walls should also be provided with at least
one dead-air space, and, better still, either
provide two dead spaces or stuff one
with straw. It is unfortunate that we
have not paid more attention to stable
insulation; 75 per cent of our stables
are only varying degrees of wind-breaks,

cold or warm, as temperature outside
varies. Good, satisfactory ventilation only
will be provided when the stable is so
constructed. For ventilation build a flue
from floor of stable to highest point of
barn. Build of double boards, matched,
with paper between, large enough to
provide one square foot of flue area to
each six cows, which would be about 214
square feet for 30 cows. Cut an opening
into this flue near the ceiling of the stable,
over which a door can be closed when the
temperature is low outside. Take the
cold air into the room five feet from the
ceiling, carry it up to the ceiling on the
inside through small pipes not over four
inches in diameter. These may be pro¬
vided with check dampers, and so shut
ofif cold air inflow. Be sure to admit cold
air from the four sides of the room, so
that no dead air would accumulate. It
will find its way out without much regard
to the location of the outtake flues.

Box stalls should be as evenly distrib¬
uted as consistent with care and comfort,
throughout the stable. That is, do not
place all box stalls or other not thickly
habited portions in one end, thereby great¬
ly reducing the temperature, and causing
moisture condensation on the walls. Keep
the temperature in this room as nearly
uniform as possible. Remember the mois¬
ture in the room is thrown off in the
form of vapor; it must be kept so until
it passes out of doors through the flues.

Raise corn silage and clover hay' or Al¬
falfa for roughage. Feed the concen¬
trates to balance these feeds, giving the
animal just what her individuality may
demand. h. e. c.

SOME MONTANA HENS.

During October, November and December
this Fall and about the same period a year
ago 1 boiled potatoes and carrots in morning
and mixed with skim-milk, bran and scraps
from the table, and fed warm. I used this
as long as I felt it was safe. Both seasons
the chickens showed strong symptoms of roup
before I quit it; very few cases of swollen
heads, but a fearful amount of rattling in the
throat. This year I quit about December 10
to 15 ; now most of the symptoms have dis¬
appeared. 1 only fed what they would eat up
clean at once, and followed with wheat, scat¬
tered in Alfalfa leaves on the floor. Since
that time they have had wheat straight ex¬
cept scraps from house, wheat boiled and
roasted, occasionally some meat, and for two
weeks have had a bone cutter and am feeding
some bone. I used to laugh at “the balanced
ration," but this Winter I was satisfied that
I was short in the ration. I needed some
richer feed to mix in, but what was it? We
have no corn here. We can raise flax and a
little early corn, but through the open season
with a wheat ration they do splendidly; are
doing very well now. Eggs are worth 50
cents per dozen. I learned one thing this
Fall ; that pullets could be hatched early
enough to moult the same season. Our Feb¬
ruary and March pullets moulted, and have
been idle as long as the old hens. I have
Black Minoreas. How much ground bone
should 100 hens have a day? What is the
best way to supply lime?

R. N.-Y. — We would keep dry ground
bone constantly before the hens. I hese
bones will supply lime. In the East the
majority of hen men use crushed oyster
shells to supply lime.

Poisoning Rabbits. — I see that your read¬
ers are very much troubled with rabbits. They
troubled me very much at first, but now when
I am visited by them I take a small sweet
potatoes, cut off the end, gash it with a knife,
and then rub a small quantity of strychnine
in the cuts; bury it in the ground just even
with the surface, and next morning Br'er Rab¬
bit lies dead a few feet from the spot. Rab¬
bits do not worry me any more. x. N. S.

River View, Fla.

rj III T D W— For PLEASURE
r UUL B l\ I and PROFIT.

White Leghorns, White Wyandottes, White Rocks,
Barred Rooks. Black Minoreas Light Brahmas.

Highest Quality Exhibition Birds; Males $10to$50;
Females $10 to $40. Specially mated pens for breeding
$30 to $100.

Great Kgg Producers, Splendid breeding males and
females $5 to $10 each. Carefully mated pens for
breeding $15 to $35.

Selected Breeding Cockerels $3 to $20 each.

$5 per 12, straight, from exhibition
CvlWO stock $2 per 12, from laying matings.

ELM POULTRY YARDS Est. 1888

P. O. Box Y, Hartford, Conn.

OEDNEY FAB.M

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CUSS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th
f orn Feb. 22.1901, and considered the best Jersey bul
that ever crossed t he Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAM Kit and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of 1m
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard- Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

SW~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

For duality of Meat, as Large Producers
and Careful Mothers, for Hardiness, The

THE JERSEY RED

PICS and HOGS

are the BREED to BUY. Free booklet explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLTNS, Moorestown, N. J.

O. 1. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalla.N. Y.

IMPROVED URGE YORKSHIRES SrffiS!

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

C ft Uf Leghorns, Cockerels: fine fellows, none
Or Ui fir better. $land$2each. C. A. Carlson,
Beach View Poultry Farm, Barnegat, N. J.

p hoice Stock for Sale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns,

U Minoreas. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed, 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jainesburg, N. J.

nriYil 1 lflEon hens and chicks

HE A In 1 U LIuE 64-page book FREE.

D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307. Apponaug, R.I.

Pnllio Pnne tR each, fine ones, bred from trained
UulflC lU|Jo Qd stock. Eligible to record. Book
let free. Address. L H. DEVOLLD, Caldwell. Ohio.

rTW^ SQUABS PAY HSS

r\"\l \ Ka’s,eri need attention only part of

VW /] time, bring big prioes. Raised in one

tf X U month. Money-makers for ponltry-

k men, farmers, women. Send for FREE

BOOKLET and learn this rich home
NT / <- Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB

vv/«j AOti Atl&n MO Av6>i liosloo, iviciss.

BONNIE BRAE POULTRY FARM,

New Rochelle, N. Y.

Breeders and shippers of high class Single Comb Pure
White Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks. Stock
and Eggs for sale at all times. Largest poultry plant
in the vicinity of New York City. Agents Cyphers
Incubators, Brooders, etc. Correspondence invited.

SPECIAL BARGAINS,

If ordered at once. In Cockerels. Pullets and
Hens. We have 8. C. and R C. Brown. Bf . and White
Leg. White. Bf. & Brd. P. Rocks, White. Bf. Silver &
Gold Wynd.. Ruff Orpingtons, R. I. Reds, Minoreas,
Brahmas. Cochins, Pit Games, and all other breeds.
MT. BLANCO POULTRY FARM, Carpenter, Ohio.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41 . Weedsport, N. Y.

Var's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots Dogs, Cats.
U 1 1 Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
G>W Rates free. J. A. BERGEY.Box 8,Telford,Pa,

11 ft Ifi C D Q — Best Imported and Home-Bred— for
nUlYlLnO SQUAB-BREEDING. Guaranteed
positively mated, wherein lies the secret of this in¬
dustry’s success. $1.25 to $1.50 per pair. Personal
attention to all correspondence.

LOCUST FARMS, Eatontown, N. J.

fill BUFF ORPINGTON PULLETS FOR SALE. OH
•■U ONE DOLLAR EACH

A. L BAKER, Miridlefielri, N. Y.

I IGHT Brahmas, Barred Plymouth Rocks,
White Plymouth Rocks of Best and Purest
stock. A limited number of each For Sale.

J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

13 DC ft CflD CffRC —Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
Dncu run CUud> 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch
ing and Feeding free F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, Ill

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,
BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind,

HIGH CLASS s

ups. E.S. AKIN, Auburn. N.

Breeders’ Directory

WHITE SRRINCS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No. mu and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as imp. Deanie 7th, 502.!) lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 4 76.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Klorham. 400 lbs. of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butterin one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of ht-ifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from ISIOO to $300, also several mature bulls.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Enters New Year with

250

Two Hundred and Fifty Head of Regis¬
tered Holstein Cattle.

250

Offers for sale Service Bulls, Fresh Cows. Males and
Females of all ages. Actual sales since Oct. 18th,
$5 OOO. Headquarters for all. Circulars sent on
application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland. N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

are bred for lar/lte Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution. Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. D5 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTKLYOU, Neshanie. N. J.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B, MARCOU.

Holsfein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Holstein bull calves, scotch comes, spayed
Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa.

uni QTCIKl Dill I 0 from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULolLm DULLwfew choice young Cows;
Improved t 'hester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y.

FOR SALE

Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderat"; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY. Manlius, N. Y.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling- Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices oelivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; readv for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All first
Class individuals.

J. E WATSON, Proprietor. Marbledale, Conn.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the bestEnglish and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsville, N. J .

Berkshires 2 to 10 mos. old, $4 oo up, 200 lb. c.

White Boar. $16 00, Collie Pups, $3 00 up. Barred
Rock Cockerels. $1.00. W. A. LOTHEUS, Lack, Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows.' Write for
prices and description. Return if not
_ _ satisfactory: we refund the money.

HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

nUCCUlDC DIPC FOR SALE,— From First-Prize
UnLOnlnL riUoHerd at St. Louis Exposition
and New York State Fair. S. G.OTIS.Sherwood.N Y.

gj C PHI D r(J Y oung Boars,
| | | r<L E. Ob Sows and 3-month
Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S. HILL. Freeville, N. Y.

CHESTER WH ITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox,K.3; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for I am in posi¬
tion to fill your order with up-to-date breeding;
order a Sow bred at once for Spring farrowing

JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

$60 Holstein-Friesian Bull $69

BERYL WAYNE'S SON No. 3, Born February 20, 1904.

Sired by Bervl Wayne’s Son. whose dam has an ofllcial record of 27% pounds, and his sire's two nearest
pams, official seven day butter records averaging over 24 pounds each. This Bull is a Due one, and is
certainly a rare bargain at the price we name. The first order at $69 takes him.

BROOKSIDE HERD. Tae Stevens Brotliers-Hastings Company, Lacona, New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

43

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.

Cow Questions.

1. I havo a young heifer 2 y, years old.
She has her first calf, and I find on milking
her one teat has a hole half way up; the milk
comes out of this as well as the regular hole
at tne bottom. Is there any way to close up
the side so she will milk regularly? 2. I am
feeding 100 pounds cornmeal, 100 pounds
brown middlings, and 50 pounds coarse wheat
bran. If not a balanced ration how should
it be mixed to balance it? a. h. d.

Boonton, N. J.

1. When the heifer dries up you can sear
the upper hole with a hot iron, or cut it
a little there to make a sore and put in
a fine stitch or two. Don’t try to stop
it until she is dry, or you will have
trouble, although it is not very pleasant
to milk a cow in this condition. Calves
from such a cow, we find by experience,
are not likely to have perfect teats. 2. I
cannot commend your ration for cows.
Middlings and bran answer the same pur¬
pose, and you should drop one of them,
as at present high prices for wheat prod¬
ucts you cannot afford to feed any more
than necessary to make a healthy, palata¬
ble ration. Cornmeal I should also drop
with a thud, unless I raised the corn, as
I have never yet seen the time or place
where something else could not be sub¬
stituted with decided advantage. Corn¬
meal only has b1/ per cent digestible pro¬
tein, less than good clover hay or rowen,
and is about on a par with nice, bright
early-cut mixed hay. Suppose you try
this ration, if possible to get the feed-
tuffs in your vicinity at reasonable price:
100 pounds brown middlings or coarse
bran; 100 pounds gluten feed or corn dis¬
tillers’ grains, and 50 pounds cotton-seed
meal.

Horse and Cow Rations •

In the advertisement of Ajax Flakes Mr.
.Manchester Is quoted as using them largely.
Would he recommend them as part of the ra¬
tion for cows, horses or hens this Winter?
Is it the gluten that resembles bran some¬
what that he means, or the tine gluten, and
there are several grades and prices for that?
I was also interested in the ration for horses.
I have been using equal parts by measure of
bran, oats and cracked corn. This seems to
please the horse, and she is looking well. I
am not feeding as much per day as he speaks
of, hut the horse does not average more than
one or two days’ work in a week this Winter.
Would there he an advantage either in cost
of feed or in the value to the horse in chang¬
ing? Can you tell me whether either skim-
milk or dishwater, or both mixed, would be
lately to harm a horse? My horse is fond ot
them. I often see in medical articles objec¬
tions to the use of milk by grown people.
Ito you know the reason for such objection
and whether such reason would apply to
creamery milk, or only to the whole milk,
which would of course include the cream?

Torrington, Conn. E. s. B.

Ajax flakes is the trade name for one
brand of corn distillers’ grain. There are
a number of them on the market, just as
there are different brands of rolled oats
for breakfast foods, all made about alike
and having practically the same compo¬
sition. Most of these corn distillers’
grains are sold as gluten feeds of some
kind, although they are totally unlike
gluten feed or meal, as they somewhat
resemble coarse bran, and weigh about
three-quarters of a pound per quart, while
gluten feed weighs about l/> pound per
quart, and is finer and more like cornmeal
m appearance. I have been told that
these are a by product from the manufac¬
ture of alcohol from corn. I have come
across them under various names, such as
"Hall’s Feed," “Union Grains,” “Bile's
XXXX,” "Corn Protegran,” “Manhattan
Gluten,” “Continental Gluten,” “Atlas
Gluten,” “Merchants’ Feed.’’ They are a
valuable food, having a high content of
protein and fat, and have the decided ad¬
vantage of being bulky. It is too bad they
have to be disguised under so many
names. They are good for horses and
poultry, though horses do not take to
them very kindly at first. Genuine gluten
feed and gluten meal are often confused
by many people. The starch is taken out
of corn, and the residue, including the
husk, is ground up and sold as gluten feed
and advertised to contain about 27 per
cent crude protein, though most of them

only contain aliout 23 per cent. Gluten
feed weighs from 1.2 to 1.5 pounds per
quart. Gluten meal is heavier, weighing
1.7 pounds per quart; is usually darker
in color and it feels more gritty. It does
not contain any of the husk or shell of
the corn, and has about 35 per cent crude
protein, or about 32 per cent digestible.
Although higher in price than gluten feed,
its increased value is such that it is usu¬
ally cheaper. It is a highly concentrated
food, and must be fed with care.

From Factory To You

Save Dealers’

PROFITS

This handsome Cutter, made
from selected stock, steel
braced and special finish.

Your horse ration is all right, and of
course they do not need as much feed
while doing light work. One of the quick¬
est ways to spoil a horse is to feed it high
and allow it to stand in the stable doing no
work. Skim-milk is all right for horses,
and will help keep the coat shiny. I
should skip the dishwater, for sentimental
reasons if no other. Soap and soap pow¬
ders will not help the horse. I am not
up in medical affairs enough to see. any
harm in milk for grown people unless
they were putting on surplus fat that ac¬
cumulates on some people in middle life.
Skim-milk surely would not hurt them,
and this with buttermilk is often pre¬
scribed in kidney and similar troubles.

Butter-Making Experience Wanted .

We are milking cows, none strippers, feed¬
ing hay morning, then cornmeal and bran;
silage at noon ; hay and meal and bran at
night. We use a Reid creamery kept in cel¬
lar, and use only water, and are unable to
make butter. We took same milk and set in
pans in pantry, where it was warm, and
churned fine butter in 15 minutes from cream;
returned (o the creamery, and no butter, prov¬
ing that it is not in feed or cows. Does it. not
all hinge on the low temperature and not on
tlie feed? I would like an expression from
as many as have had similar experience.

Ilagadorn's Mills, X. Y. m. m.

Your feeding ought to bring butter of
the best quality, and with ease. I should
quit using the cellar as a place for the
creamery, as cellars are scarcely ever fit
places in which to keep milk. Better have
a little room above ground, and use ice
if necessary to keep the milk. It is not
because of the cold in the cellar, but prob¬
ably some bacterial cause. Conditions are
such that the proper bacteria do not grow
in the cellar, and as your experiment
shows, they do grow when the right con¬
ditions are given them. By quickly cool¬
ing the milk down to about 40 degrees and
keeping cream at same temperature until
you get ready to ripen (or sour it, as some
people say), then warming to about 70 and
allowing it to remain at this temperature
for 12 to 20 hours, then churn at about
00 or 62 degrees, you ought to have no
trouble in getting good butter. Churn at
least twice a week. See that everything
about the creamery is absolutely clean, as
sometimes when wrong bacteria have had
control of things they have to have a
thorough house cleaning, steaming and
scalding after scrubbing to get them out
of the way. See that the cows get at least
two ounces of salt daily in their grain
feed. H. G. MANCHESTER.

Cow Comport. — I spray my cows' teats
with a liquid tty-killer thinned with kerosene
It keeps the teats soft, aud prevents scales
and sores. f. a. j.

Hand painted, and trimmed
in Broadcloth or Whipcord. Silver dash and arm rails. Steps and scrapers.
Carpet and whipsocket. Spring cushions.

If ordered now, $15.00 with shafts.

KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE AND HARNESS C0„

329 Ransom Street, Kalamazoo, Mich.

.DEATH TO HEAVES

NEWTON’S Helve, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Cure,

A veterinary specific for wind,
r throat aud stomach troubles.
tf****^ Strong recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

DR. DAVID
Roberts

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours In
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

Excelsior Swing Stanchion,

Warranted the best. 30 Days Trial.
Can bo returned at our expense
if not satisfactory.

The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Itox <50. CUBA, NEW YORK.

PALMER

J9J

m.

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing1 Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

Hunter, Trader,
Trapper

Illustrated lDO-pago monthly
journal about game, steel
traps, deadfalls, trapping se¬
crets. raw furs. etc. Subscrip¬
tion $1 per year, sample copy
10c. A 32-page book of an¬
nouncements for 1904-5 free.

A- R. Harding, Ed.,
Box 60, Gallipolis, O.

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade, Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls;
Barb Wire, galvanized, 3c. per rod, in 80
and 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. Write your wants. Catalog/ree.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

WHALEBONE OFFER

Our 1905 Model

Sold under a positive 2 Year Guarantee

One Full Month’s Free Trial

Buy Whalebone Buggies foi
wear and style. Highest qual¬
ity, lowest price. Elegant In
design and bost in America.
Send for unparalled offer.
FREE Catalogue shows
vehicles for every purpose.

| THE WHALEBONE CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.
i Cincinnati, Ohio. Ask for Wholesale Catalogue, A71

WIRE-SI. 40 Per 100 Lbs,

Smooth galvanized wire, put up 100
lbs. to a bale, lengths running up to
250ft. No. 14 guage, per 100 lbs. *1.40.
Write for prices on other gauges.
Fence staples, per 100 lbs., *2.00. Wire
nails, mixedin a keg, per 1001bs.,»1.60.
Barbed wire, per lOOlbs., *2.35. Poultry
netting, steel fence .etc., at low prices.
Ask for Catalogue No. E, 51
on merchandise of all kinds from
Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ sales.
CHICAGO llOLSK WKKCKING CO., West 35th te Iron 8ta. , Chicago

JHeaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire]

15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

.We also sell direct to farmers atwholesale prices, .
kCoi ed Spring. Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.

^ Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

“ '"I BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio "*

THOUSANDS

FROST,

BEST*

CHEAPEST _____

of satisfied customers can tell you that It pays to buy
the Frost Fence, containing the weight and strength
to last a life time. Ournewsystem beats them all.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

NCHOR COILED

SPRINGWIRE FENCE

IT PAYS

We don’t have to put forth any other
argument, and we can clearly demonstrate that
quicker than any of our competitors. That’s why our
fence Is so popular.

THE ANCHOR FENCE & MFC. CO.,
Department D., Cleveland, Ohio.

If You Want a FENCE*

SEE THAT TWIST nT

roi

That Is made from thebest High Carbon Steel Wire.

That is Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust or corrosion.

That lsCOlLKDto provide for contraction and expansion,
That is Strong Enough to turn the most vicious animal.

That is Woven Closely to turn chickens and small pigs.

That staples to the posts as you would nail a board,

That easily adjusts itself to all uneven surfaces,

That is woven in such a manner that compels every wire
to bear its portion of strain,

That you can Buy Direct from the firm that makes it, with
l Freight Prepaid to your nearest railroad station,

That you can examine at your railroad station and re¬
turn if it displeases you in any particular,

That you can erect and Use for Thirty Days, and if unsat¬
isfactory return at our expense and get your money, *
W rite for Free Catalog giving full Information, Address, ;

’KITSELMAN BROS, Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA. ,

fm

duchess

TOP,
BUGGY

RUBBE

a TIRES

.90

SOltt

pin

rv:

COm-iATIDH

50

No.

IQO

No. !

m

SEIM

ClQ 71? buy»our"Duches*»
H’ ■ 1 vl lop buggy, exactly as

shown in cut. with top, curtains,
shafts, anti-rattler. cushions nicely
trimmed. Best valueeveroffered.
If you want a vehicle of any kind,
r wnteatonce for our vehicle catalog.
QK buy» our rubier tiro top
, , . H,fcv.vd buggy, exactly as shown
, 1 in cut; complete in every way. Greatest offer ever made
k’u a guaranteed rubber tire top buggy.

$3Q 5(1 £uy*>ourcomblnatlon ®Prlng*»»0on, with
,--T H’UU.OU large bod y , two seats , shafts, etc.

'fiV Si 45 bHV»«>urNo. 100 single buggy harness,

u V?r0r Sldc check- 1 in- trace', complete
with one hitch rc:n. This »nd others described in catalog.

$ 4 EO £Uy* ourNo.190 double driving or carriage

* . — — harne.., l/g in. traces, handsome pads, over
or side checks, two hitch reins. Collar extra *1.40

$43 Qf) ““t' "solid
vP*r0. 3 U Comfort" phaeton, )

exactly as shown i a cut, large 1 land- . I
sPm* lamps, wide fenders, top, \ ^
shafts, Ctc.Springcushionand back.

‘ ‘ ““buy. our large two'll
■ - - - sectod family ear*

riago; without lamps, fenders and tope ^

Price with top, fenders and lamps, $o4.95. For full descrfr>
non of this and other styles, write for catalogue.

QR ,0.r,0ur gontlemon’s driving wagon, with
4. - SUck scatl exactly as shown in cut, with shafts.

SS 35 °urNo. 107 single buggyor carriage*

-j ’v harne.., collar and hame style, with over or
“J*e check. 1 in. traces; collar extra, 75 cents.

$17 00 buy* °Hr, No. 317 heavy double team har* <
. n®*», »•<*!» IX in. traces. IS ft. lines. IV. in. pole
and breast strap, with snaps and slides, complete with two
hitch straps. Collars extra * 1.50. Write for free catalogue.

Jo

, CIJTTMS AD OUT shows I*

, umney^ith'orden ^Dtf’not b'uy'a vebloTo'or^haro^M'of'any^ind u Tl? ^ e^onot ask"you fo? any )

Srt.r!iSSle£iI.y IOW prkr£’ ai1,1 ,h® most liberal terns ever made. « U ■ DUm9 '.a«kSty

Write lor It now. Do not delay. Remember It i. froo. MARVIN SMITH GO* CHICAGO* ILL

44

January 21,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

COSGROVE’S HEN NOTES.

I have a White Wyandotte pullet that
has laid two eggs, one hard-shelled and
one soft-shelled, at night four times. I
have found them early in the morning on
the droppings board, the eggs lying close
together; in fact, touching each other. At
first the soft one had no shell on at all, but
the last two soft ones had a very thin
shell that cracked slightly as it struck the
board. That pullet must be a good feeder
to manufacture albumen enough to cover
the yolks of two eggs at a time, faster
than she could deposit shell to cover them.
Some people will not believe that it is pos¬
sible for a hen to lay two eggs in 24
hours, but I have had it happen under cir¬
cumstances that left no chance to be mis¬
taken — several times in my experience
with fowls. I remember a big white hen
owned by my father that laid a hard-
shelled egg in the daytime and a soft one
at night, and did it so frequently that
Father put up a board under where that
hen roosted to catch and save the soft egg.
Almost every morning I find eggs on the
roost platforms that have been laid at
night; generally they are frozen and
cracked open, but are all right for home
use after thawing. When one remembers
that a hen sits on the roost at this time of
year 16 hours out of the 24, it is no won¬
der that eggs are laid while on it. 1 his

know that protein is the scarce and costly
element in our feed stuffs, the one which
most of us do not raise in sufficient
quantity, and is one of the principal rea¬
sons for our buying mill feeds or grain of
any kind. Cotton-seed meal is the cheap¬
est source of digestible protein, and even
in this one must pay from 3'A cents per
pound up for it. Here was a chance to
get 320 pounds of extra protein for $1,
which at the very lowest calculation was
worth V/2 cents per pound, or $11.20 on
the ton, and that small miserable dollar
looked so big that in tryiug to save it
they threw away 10 or 11 like it. If this
isn’t a fact why isn’t it, and what are you
going to do about it? “Penny wise and
pound foolish” applies in the buying of
feed stuffs as much as in any of the things
we buy. H' G' M‘

Making Butter Come. — In reply to G. S.,
of Eastondale, Mass., will say I have had
the same experience with milk from a pure¬
bred Jersey cow, and have a very simple
and effective remedy, given me by a cousin
in Ohio. After the milk has stood 12 hours,
set it on the stove or in hot water and let
it warm up gradually until the cream crin¬
kles up considerably, then set it away 12 or
more hours until usual skimming time, and
you will have no more trouble with churning.
Since adopting above method our butter comes
in from live to eight minutes. N. B. c.

Bentonville, Ark.

A Trotting House. — You might tell II. C.
S., Harrisville, W. Va., page 918, that blood

THE NEW BABY AT THE BARN. Fig. 22.

is another advantage of a droppings
board ; one can save the eggs laid at night.

I bought 200 pounds “cubical grit” for
hens, and the stuff is practically useless
because it is so large. It is almost a quar¬
ter of an inch square, and some of it near¬
ly a half inch long. I have opened- the
gizzards of a good many hens and the
coarsest gravel I have seen in them was
from one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch in
diameter. I would advise anyone sending
for grit to send for samples first. Prob¬
ably the little chick grit would be just
right for hens. For little chicks I use a
fine sharp sand, scattering their feed on it
so they will get some with their first feed.
Poultrymen ought to inform the manufac¬
turers of grit for hens that the largest
pieces should not be over one-eighth inch
in diameter. When a sufficient number of
11s send in a “kick” about it, they will
probably grind it to the size it ought to

be_ GEO. A. COSGROVE.

HOW DO YOU BUY FEED?

Recently I saw a feed dealer unloading
to farmers from two adjoining cars hom¬
iny feed and gluten feed. Hominy feed
has 7^4 per cent digestible protein, and
sold at $24.50 per ton. Gluten feed has
23J4 per cent digestible protein and sold
for $25.50 per ton. The hominy went off
like the proverbial hot cakes, while the
gluten went pretty slow. Apparently the
reason was the difference of $1 per ton in
price; yet for this extra dollar they were
getting at least 10 per cent more digestible
protein, or 320 pounds in a ton. Now we

will not make a horse trot no matter how
many generations of the blue blood there
may bo. I have had them from 2.00 sire and
2.05 dam that never could be made to trot
a mile in eight minutes. If II. C. S. is a
farmer he will not have hobbles nor the
wherewithal to get them, neither will he
know from what M. D. W. says about writing
how it should be done. Many old trainers
are troubled at times on that score. If the
snow is deep he might get his single-footer to
trot by working him in the soft deep snow;
he will have to trot. In Summer deep sand
will some) imps do it. G- S.

Westfield, N. Y.

A low wagon
at a low price.
Handy for
the farmer.
W ill carry a
load any¬
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
width of tire. Hubs to lit any axle.
For catalogue and prices, write lo

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

GREIDER’S fine catalogue

of Standard br«d poultry for 1905, printed in colors,
fine chromo, suitable for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. Gives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lice, etc. This book only 10 cents*

B. H. CREIDER, RHEEMS, PA.

BUY SUCCESS
POULTRY FOOD

it’s best for moulting fowls, also laying hens. It
contains clover, meat, bone and linseed meal, thor¬
oughly mixed with corn, wheat and oats ground. 100
lb sacks, $1.75 F.O B. ears, at Colchester; 500 lb lots.
$8.00; 1010 lbs., $15.00. Oyster shells, 100 lb. sacks, 50c;
500 lbs., $2.00; 200010s., $7.50 F. O. B. cars. New- Haven
Ct. W ite us for prices on cut clover and meat meal.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

Union Lock Poultry Fence.

A FENCE— NOT A NETTING

Ever try to stretch a netting? The top and bottom edges draw together and the centre bulgeB out.

The horizontal members of the Uri n Lock fence are cables— ver ieal members > re single wires,
immovably locked at each intersection— cannot possibly buckle or sag— may be stretched tightly,
and conforms to the inequalities of the ground without cutting. The trade-mark shows how- tne
mesh is graduated in size from bottom to top.

Keeps in small chickens, and the rectangular mesh prevents them from hanging themselves.

No top rail or bottom boards requires ; strong
enough to be used for a field feme.

Heavily galv <nized with prime Western Spelter,
it outwears any fence we know.

Costs no more, put up, than cheaper nett ngs
or fences, and is much stronger.

Sold by the rod only— in rolls of 10 or 20 roils —
50 rods or more delivered F. O. B. nearest de^ot.
Made in widths from J2 tj 84 inches.

Write for Catalogue I), and •• A Short Story for
Poultry Kaisers.”

UNION FENCE COMPANY,

114 Liberty St., NEW YOKK CITY.

Mills at .

This Trade-Mark in Colors appears on every roll. New Haven, Ct., DeKalb, Ills., Oakland, Cal.

POULTRY

lOOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-i

_ _ _ erything in the.

(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
(bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— <
(it’s our business. Call or let us send you^
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the<
(asking — it’s worth having. <

(Excelsior Wire St Poultry Supply Co.,<

_l Dept. HAL 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. <

ooooooooooooooooooooooooc <

MANKS LATEST BME CUTTER
GET

fetches eggs all winter. Sent on
TEN DAYS’ FREETRIAL

No pay until you provei t cutseasier ^
ana faster than any other. Isn’t,
that the fairest offer? Catalogue free.

* F. W. MANN CO.,

Box 15 Milford, Mass.

■40 DAYS TRIAL— |

6 years guarantee, on my pay-for-
itself Hatcher. I have put
into my new

OLD TRUSTY

INCUBATOR

the experience I got making 50,000
other incubators. It's not like others.
Last year’s buyers say it touches the high mark.

1 think my Advice Book is worth reading; people say
it is. I wish you would ask for it. I’ll answer any other
questions by letter. Ask me to mail you the book Free*

M.M. JOHNSON CO., Clay Center, Neb.

THE “GEM" MONEY MAKER

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live
chickens too— that live and grow
into money. Our catalogue tells of
“Gem” features no other Incubator |
has. Write for copy — it is free.

GEM INCUBATOR CO.

Box 424' Dayton, Ohio

...that are hatched in...

IOWA ROUND INCUBATORS

come in big numbers and are healthy
and strong. Anyone can see why if
they read our catalogue. Even Heal
and Exact ltegulation do tho work
right. Catalo-- ■> is Free, Ask. for i t.
Iowa Incubator Cr. 193 Locust St.DesMoines.

Money Can’t Buy

A Better Incubator than the
OLD RELIABLE

SURE HATCH

Read the Reasons — Here are Some

The Sure Hatch is built of straight grained
California Redwood, the best material known for
incubators. California Redwood will not shrink
or swell, warp or crack— other woodB will.

The Sure Hutch Water Heater has 138 square
inches of heating surface— others from 15 to 30
sq. in. Abundant heating
surface is absolutely
essential to econ¬
omy of operation.

The Sure Httteli
Ventilator keeps
pure, warm air in
circulation among
the eggs all the
time. Other "venti¬
lators” skim off the
air from top of egg
chamber, leaving
eggs surrounded
with foul air (carbonic acid gas.)

The Sure Hutch Regulators are automatic nnd
keep the temperature at the proper degree. You
don’t have to “stand guard” over the regulator to
be sure it regulates. Sure Hutch Egg Chambers
are asbestos lined.

The Sure Hutch sales have passed the 60.000
mark and are climbing upward rapidly. Tens of
thousands are making money with them, and so
can you if you will give it a trial.

The Sure Hatch terms are exceptionally liberal
—60 days trial, freight prepaid east of Rocky
Mountains, and money back if not satisfactory.

The Sure Hutch $100,000 Guarantee, good for
five years from date of purchase, is our own pledge
of good faith.

The Sure Hatch Catalogue of 1906 is now ready
and will be sent free qn request. Write at once.
Address office nearest you.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.

Box 149, Clay Center, Neb.; Box 1449, Indianapolis.

VERY HEN’S A MINT

F

She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. HARVEY'S
CUT CLOVER HAY is the green food the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. Write for free catalog.
Harvey Seed Co.. 88 Elllcott St., Buffalo, N.Y.

IL* ORMAS

Low

Incubators
& Brooders

in price. Fully guaranteed.
Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFG. CO.

LIGONIER, INDIANA. Frei Catalog

OOs^HATCH GUARANTEED

30 DAYS* TRIAL To prove It.
60 <84.50 100 <88.50 200 <M 3.75

Egg4>5.00 Egg "r 9.50 Egg I 5.00

. - - Self regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,

all sizes and kinds, $3 up. 50,000 in use. Send 3c. for catalog.

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 23, Springfield, O.

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORSAND BROODERS

acknowledged by experts to be the
most profitable machines made.
Winners of 385 First Prizes. Write
tor free catalog with proof and val¬
uable Information for beginners.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

(.80 For

200 Egg

*12

INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, Ill

tellH howto make money

— How to raise young chicks
for early springinarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on ducks. • How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
x867,and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free*

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, Ill.

IT IS A FACT

that poultry pays a larger profit
for the money invested than any
other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
training or previous experience;
that the Reliable Incubator, and Brooders will give
the best resultsin all cases. Our 20th Century Poultry
Book tells just why, and a hundred other things you
should know. We mail the book for 10 cents. Write
to-day. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry.

RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO., BoxB-101 Quincy. III.

THIRTY PAYS* TRIAL

We Know What the Globe Incubator Will D©
and We Want You to Know.

The Globe Incubator’s rec¬
ord in all regions and under
all conditions has establish¬
ed Its unquestioned superior¬
ity and leadership, if you
want the best incubator
you must get the Globe.
Don’t take our word for this.
Let the machine prove our
claims. Sent anywhere on 30 days’ trial. If it
isn’t a success, semi it back. The Globe— heat¬
ed by the latest Improved hot water pipe system,
perfectly ventilated, simple in construction, durable
and safe— hatches every fertile egg, and stronger,
healthier and more chicks to the 100 eggs than any
other incubator.

Big money in chickens. Biggest money when
you use a Globe Incubator, We prove all this.
Write today for catalogue and poultry information.

C. C. Shoemaker, Box 937, Freeport, Ill.

Standard Cyphers incubators

are guaranteed to hatch more and healthier chicks with less oil and
less attention In your hands than any other, or y our money back. Ab¬
ie

solutely automatic aud self-regulating. Used and endorsed by 42 Gov¬
ernment Experiment Stations and by America’s foremost poultrymen.
Complete Catalogue and Poultry Guide, 212 pages (8x11,) more than 500
'illustrations. FREE.if you send addresses of two neighbors who keep
good poultry and mention this paper. Address nearest office.

Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, New York,
, _ Kansas City or San Francisco.

STRICTLY
-AUTOMATIC

throughout 8- cyphers INCUBATOR CO

1905,

45

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Ailing Animals.

Worms in Fowls ,

Will you give me a common easily-given
remedy for worm in fowls? They are about
the size of a large needle, and four to six
inches long. I have noticed a few in the
d.oppings, which have been too soft for the
past year, and birds have not done well
either, yet are fat. I keep only a few.

Wilkesbarre, Pa. j. p. t.

I should judge that your fowls have
the round worms, Heterakis, and the
chances are that they also have some of
the tapeworms. It is said that chopped
onions and potato peelings, cooked and
fed to fowls occasionally, are of much
value. I have had good results from the
use of powdered santonin in seven and
ei^ht grains for each bird, made into pills
with flour, and given for the round worms.
Powdered pomegranate root hark mixed,
jn the feed at the rate of one teaspoonful
to 50 hens, is of much value for tape¬
worms, and follow either treatment with
Iwo or three teaspoonfuls of castor oil.

I know very little attention is given to
the internal parasites, and I think they
cause as much trouble as the external.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

Warts on Cattle.

Will you tell me what to do to remove seed
warts from cattle? I have a two-year-old
heifer which has a number of seed warts like
one's thumb, and has a number right together
on her left shoulder that cover a space larger
than a man's hand, and one on right hind leg
forward of gambrel joint like a hen's egg. I
have a yearling that has some also. What
remedy can you give? c. e. y.

Cobleskill, N. Y.

The best way to remove warts is with
a pair of curved scissors, or with a com¬
mon pair of scissors, cutting out the
hard parts in the skin when they are
small. They can be removed by means of
ligatures or by the application of caustic
agents, but it is a slow process, and not
always satisfactory. If a ligature is used
it should be tightened every third day, and
very close to the skin. In regard to the
cluster on the two-year-old that you say
is as large as one’s hand, the chances
are that you will never get the hair to
grow there, and it will always be an un¬
sightly looking spot. It might be well
to remove the tops of the warts and re¬
place her with another animal.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

BRzEDS OF SHEEP AND HOGS.

What breed of sheep would be most satis¬
factory for one to raise* with the following
results In view : Hardiness, largest size, pro¬
lificacy, for handling for the Increase and not
for registered trade? Also same points on a
breed of hogs. j. a. s.

Cincinnati, O.

In answering the first part of the ques¬
tion, I would refer the writer to page
918 of The R. N.-Y., where in answer to
the query of a New Hampshire reader, I
have briefly described the characteristics
of the most popular breeds of sheep. Un¬
less he wishes to raise early Iambs, I think
the Cheviots would meet his requirements.
They are hardy, good size and prolific. If
he wishes any further details as to the
breed or their management, I shall be
glad to give such information as I can
through the columns of The R. N.-Y.

As to breed of hogs, there are three
general types ; the whites, represented by
the Chesters, a good-sized, symmetrical
hog, easily fattened, and I would place
them at the head of the list of this color.
The Cheshires are, however, a close sec¬
ond, not quite so compactly built, and re¬
quiring a little longer time to develop,
but growing a very long carcass, particu¬
larly suited for bacon. With many the
Yorkshires are very popular, and we have
seen many fine specimens of this breed,
but there are so many types, large, me¬
dium and small, that in many cases the
only marked feature is their peculiar short
face and turned-up snout.

At the head of the blacks stand the
Berkshires, a small-boned, yet good-sized
hog; perhaps one that will lay on more
flesh for the food consumed than any.
They are short-legged, and give a par- j

ticularly well-shaped and developed ham.
For family use they are inclined to make
rather too fat pork. Next come the Po¬
land Chinas, a larger and coarser hog,
having in them much Berkshire blood,
yet mixed with other breeds until a dis¬
tinct type has been formed. To-day they
will usually breed true, and for those
wanting a black hog larger than the Berk¬
shires, with many of their good charac¬
teristics, this hog will fill the bill.

1 he Durocs, often called “Jersey Reds,”
are the best representatives of the red
hogs. W hile not quite as compact as the
Chesters or Berkshires, they are a close-
built hog, fatten very easily, do particu¬
larly well on grass, or as a grazing ani¬
mal. 1 hey have a very large proportion
of lean meat, which makes ideal family
pork. I he sows are very prolific, but
inclined to lay on fat, so that great care
must be exercised in the feeding before
farrowing time. Of course “there are
others, and while no breed is without some
point of excellence, for practical utility
we should not look beyond those above
mentioned. edward van alstyne.

A BALANCED RATION FOR MILK.

We can sell our oats at 32 cents a bushel,
and buy bran at $20 a ton; oil-cake meal at
$32 a ton. We have cornstalks ; about two-
thirds of them have fair-sized ears ; also Tim¬
othy hay and oat straw. We run a dairy,
and wish to get a balanced ration for milk.

Ingersoll, Ont. a. w. h.

I should sell the oats, and not buy
wheat bran. With the coarse feeds on
hand, having very little protein, we must
put with them the very richest protein
feeds obtainable. Buy cotton seed, gluten,
linseed oil meal or oil cake meal, or dried
distillers’ grains. The following would be
approximately correct :

5 lbs. Timothy _

In lbs. corn stover.

5 lbs. straw .

3 lbs. oil meal . . . .
3 lbs. gluten feed..
1 lb. cotton seed. .

Total .

Dry

Carbo-

matter.

Protein.

hydrate.

4.35

.14

9 A 9

6.00

.17

3.50

4.55

.06

2.02

2.73

.879

1.45

2.76

.582

1.89

.92

.372

.44

.21.31

2.203

11.62

1 his ration will probably be short on
dry matter. Give all the Timothy or
stover they will eat up clean, and they
will no doubt eat more than I have
named, and so get dry matter enough.
This will reduce the protein a trifle, but
not to endanger the ration. Watch the
cows, and change to suit them ; weigh
each cow’s milk, and note changes when
feed is changed. If the hay, straw and
stover are not in the best of condition no
possible addition will make full flow.

H. E. C.

Orange-Box Nests. — In “The Business
Hen'' the orange-box nest is criticised. I use
them almost entirely, but lay them on the
side and have a board four or five inches wide
nailed on the open part to make the nest. Then
if I wish to use them for sitting hens I have
a cleat put on each end outside this board,
and a loose board put above will keep the
hens in and other hens out. My hens have
been laying more since the book was re¬
ceived ! b.

Worth $100 A Bottle.

Collinsville. Texas, Feb. 10. 1903.
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt.

Gentlemen:— Having two fine and valuable horses which had
been lame with Spavin for nine months, I sent to the druggist
at Decatur for a bottle of

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

which in six weeks removed all lameness and soreness, and
both horses are sound as colts. The one bottle was worth
9 1 OO to me. Y ou may use my name at any time you wish.

Very truly yours, P. H. SEGLER.

Price * 1 ; six for $5. As a liniment for family use it has
no equal. Ask your druggist for Kendall's Spavin Cure,
also “A Treatise on the Horse," the book free, or address

DR, B. J. KENDALL CO., EN0SBURG FALLS, VT.

WH-'Ij you buy a separator because
the agent is a “good fellow?"
Some people do. We hope such will
read this. The' Tubular talks for
itself and is bought for itself.

tf You Have a Brand New Separator

not a Tubular, put it in the garret.

We will soil you n Sharpies
Tubular, guaranteed to make
enough more butter than the
other from the same milk to
pay U5 per centyearly dividend
on the whole cost of the ma¬
chine. You test them side
by side.

Pierpont Morgan is
hunting a place to
put money at 6 per
cent : here is a guaran¬
teed 25 per cent to you.

While this dividend
pays your bills the
Tubular makes your
life more pleasant by
pleasing your wife.

A waist low milk
vat saves your hack.

Simple bowl — easy to
wash — the only one that is so. Auto¬
matic oiling; the only one that has.
Easier to turn than others and
safer. Catalog A-153 explains better.

Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, Illinois West Chester, Pa,

THE STANDARD HARROW CO,

Dept. K, Utica, N. Y.

L Maker $ of Harrows, Cultivch
tors , Potato Harvesters,
Mkx Etc. A

Yon

can pul-
v e r 1 z e
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard N
Manure Spreader

because It has a different Boat- XPS
er, a different Kako and Hood —
load not thrown high in air and
blown about. Spreads full width
and does not vary in width. U

Endgate Moves Away From Load. '

One lever raises endgate and puts en¬
tire machine iu operation. Non-bi-eak-
ablo mechanism to change feed.

|H Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre,

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
V J v* fail to remove worms and
prevent further attacks.
In popular use 25 years.
Price 8 lb. Peb. 50 cents. 7 lb. Pck. 01.00.
Send for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St., New York

Dana’s,",h.i,if..EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents \V anted.

C. 11. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. 1L

THIS COOKER

makes feed go twice as far,
cooks all kinds of feed, serves a
dozen other farm purposes. The

Farmers’ Favorite

Is made to last ; heaviest strong¬
est low-priced cooker made.

Model service in soap, sugar, ap¬
ple butter making, butchering,
etc. Write for circular and prices today
L. R. Lewis, 12 Main St, Cortland, N.Y

WARRINER’S

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W . B. CKUMU, 73 Main St., Forest ville. Conn,

.r

0 %.

i t

Feedina

End

is the investment end. GvfvHlr'imlr)

It the food makes its - • \>

properamountof flesh, "-''V/. "*>

then the cost is well in¬
vested. If a large part of the food is
wasted through poor digestion or non-
assimilation, then feeding becomes an
expense rather than an investment.

DR. HESS
STOCK FOOD

is not a ration, but a scientific stock
tonic and laxative, the famous pre¬
scription of l)r. Hess (M. D., D. V.S.).
It’s a digester and assimilator. It
makes cattle get all the flesh-forming
material out of their food and turns
losing propositions into profitable ones.

5A> per lb In 100 lb Racks, r

Y 25 lb pail $1.60 ) Kxcept in Canada

c ,, .... < anil extreme

Smaller quantities a . We8t and Bouth#

little higher. Small dose. (

Sold on a Written Guarantee

DR. HESS & CLARK,

Ashland, Ohio.

Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Save % the Feed

Original Eureka Steam Feed Cooker will cook
a barrel of Feed in one-half hour. Requires
but little fuel. Saves labor. Tested to ono
hundred pounds' pressure. Been on the
market for 20 years. With proper care,
will last a lifetimo.

Price No. 1 with 9 Flues . . . . . .$19.50

44 44 2 44 13 44 . 20.50

Wo havo a special No. 3 size, which is
tested to 100 pounds' pressure, and will de¬
velop 2 horse-power, Price $30.50.

KETTLE COOKERS

Actual gale.

15
20
30
40
55
65
75

price, as there

Price

$4.00
5.40
7.20
8.30
9.50
10.60
11.80
is nothing

HingedCover extra®. 3 0
Coal Grate extra. .1.88
1 elbow, )

1 length pipe, > free.

1 damper, )

You could not buy better
kettle cookers at any
better manufactured.

Farmers1 Favorite Feed Cooker

NO.

<UI,S.

SIZE

LENGTH

PRICE

CAPACITY

HIM LEU KIKE IIOX

l

25

22x22x12

24 in.

$7.03

2

20

22x23xl2Jfi

24 in.

8.65

3

40

22x30x14

30 in.

10.10

4

60

22x36x15

36 in.

10.75

5

75

22x46x17

48 in.

11.90

6

100

22x60x17

90 in.

13.25

Grato for Coal extra .

Furnished free, length pipe, damper and elbow. Can furnish
extra pans for boiling sap, sorghum, and preserving fruit, etc.

This is a very fine cooker and is used extensively by butchers,
sugar makers, stockmen, dairymen and others.

Another Well-Known Feed Cooker

No. Length Capacity Price

0 6 ft. Gobbis. $12,110

1 6 ft. 4 bbls. 10.26

2 4 ft. 3 bbls. a.00

3 4 ft. l^bbls. 8.50

Elbow, length of pipe

and damper, free. Extra
pans at extra cost.

Catalogue No. 86 showing
lowest prices of most
everything used on the
farm. Send for it. We send
any cooker or any article shown in our new
mammoth catalogue on receipt of $1.00 to show
good faith. When received if not entirely satisfactory, leave it
with the freight agent and we will refund your $1.00 and pay

freight both ways. CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

370 Lawrence Square, ■ KALAMAZOO, MICH.

COOKERS

Recommended and used by
Wis., Iowa, Georgia and
New Mexico State Experi¬
ment Stations. Mado of
Cast Iron and Heavy Steel.
Last for years. Run dairy
separators, cook feed, heat
hog and poultry houses, etc.
Heat water in tanka or cook
feed 250 feet away. Littlo
fuel needed; burns coal,
coke, wood. Safe as a stove.
No flues torus! or leak or
twenty minutes. Bolls a barrel
of water In 26 minutes. We manufacture tho largest lino of
oookers in America. Cooker and Breeders* Supply catalog free.
Rippley Kdw. Co. Mfrs., Box 223, Grafton, Ills
Eastern Agents: Johnson* Stokes and Henry F. Mitchell Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa., Excelsior Wire A Poultry Supply _
Company. New York City.

A Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
FOUR O ITS IN ONE

Cure. Kicker., Runaway., Pullers,
Shyer*, ele. Send for Bit on Ten
Bay.* Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of usinf? it.

Pref. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant H1U, Ohio.

46

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 21,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor.

ur. Walter Van Fleet, /

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, t Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal I’osta) Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8y2 marks, or 10^ francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and anv' such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 I’earl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The Government’s case against the “Beef Trust” be¬
fore the Supreme Court seems to us complete. 1 here
seems to be clear proof that the packers and cattle
buyers have combined to restrict trade, and that such
trade is a part of interstate commerce. These things
bring the “Beef Trust” within the United States law.

*

We read in the newspapers of southern farmers who
are burning cotton because of overproduction, and then
look across the street at a little girl whose protection
against the biting January cold is a ragged and out¬
grown cotton frock, too soiled and faded to show its
original color. Somehow we don’t like to say very
much about overproduction until every man, woman and
child in this nation has enough to eat and to wear.

*

The Department of Agriculture at . Washington
stands ready to test samples of seeds which may be sent
by farmers or seedsmen. Such tests will show whether
the seed is adulterated or not, and what per cent may¬
be expected to sprout. The Department recently ob¬
tained 742 samples of Alfalfa seed, and found 23 lots
adulterated with Burr or Yellow clover. Why not
offer to buy your seeds this year on the basis of Govern¬
ment inspection?

*

T he College of Agriculture at Cornell feels the
effect of the hard work done last Winter. 1 hough the
new buildings have not been erected, and accommoda¬
tions for students are more crowded than ever, the
total registration for the Winter courses thus far is 200,
against 13G last year. There are 92 students in dairy¬
ing, with accommodations for only 80. Many more
would have come had there been room. The class in
general agriculture has been doubled. This is very en¬
couraging, and indicates what will happen when the new
buildings are ready. All told there are 384 agricultural
students at Cornell.

*

Mushrooms seem to have about struck bottom in the
New York market, some having sold recently at five to
10 cents per pound. Part of this surplus of poor mush¬
rooms is the fruit of those circulars scattered about the
country for the past two years, telling how easy it is
to raise mushrooms, and what enormous prices may be
had for them. One even had the “nerve” to say that
this product would sell readily for $2 per pound — quite
a difference between this and 10 cents. We looked up
some of the concerns sending these circulars out, but
never found them at home. The “office” of some was
only a letter box by a doorway, to receive mail.

*

The reckless auto driver has come in for a blast this
year from many of the new governors. Gov. Roberts,
of Connecticut, was especially severe in condemning the
rascals who rush over country roads without regard
for life or property. He says that some rich scoundrels
purposely run at full speed, and boast as a cheerful part
of their trip how they violated the law and either bought
off the constable or paid a cash fine. Gov. Roberts
wants the law changed so that these aristocratic crimi¬

nals will be jailed instead of fined! A good suggestion
— which should be put in force at once. A few days
behind the bars will show such people what the speed
limit is. They discredit the worthy citizens who own
autos and try to regard the rights of others,

*

Horticultural Commissioner Cooper of California,
recently imported from southern Europe 1,200 speci¬
mens of a parasite which is known to prey upon the
Codling moth. These specimens will be used for breed¬
ing, and as soon as possible millions of the insects will
be distributed all over the State — wherever apples are
grown. In their European home they are said to hold
the Codling moth in check. If these parasites can be
made to work in this country as they have in Europe
it will be hard to estimate their value to fruit growers.
Far better to set “bug against bug” if the combination
will work.

*

The remarks about black-nosed Guernsey cattle show
how a “fad” may discredit worthy and useful things.
There is no evidence to show that these black-nosed ani¬
mals, or the strains of blood from which they come, are
inferior as milk or butter producers. Yet fashion is
against them, and they must be sold for less. We are
asked in this connection if we would like to see a man
with a flaming red nose occupy a pulpit ! No fair par¬
allel can be drawn between the two. A red nose is
often a misfortune, falling upon a temperate man of high
moral character. It would require a saintly life in
public and private to make it adorn a pulpit.

*

In hunting for facts about hand separators we have
found a new business — nursing dairy calves. Dairy¬
men who retail milk in large towns cannot afford to
raise calves — the milk is worth more to feed human
youngsters. Yet such dairymen often have fine cows,
and would like to keep their daughters. We find that
in some cases these little things were fed a few days
on whole milk, and then carried back among the hills,
where a farmer has a hand separator and sells cream.
When the calves are strong enough they are raised
on warm skim-milk and grain, and sent back as year¬
lings or with the first calf to the town dairy. This
arrangement enables a milkman to keep the blood of
his best cows without loss of milk, and gives the hill
farmer a better price for skim-milk than he could find
elsewhere. Thus the hand separator serves as a wet
nurse for milk calves and does it well.

*

The following cheering report comes from an officer
of the Michigan State Grange:

You will be interested to know, I am sure, that Master
G. B. Horton in his annual address to our State Grange
called attention to the need of better wire fencing, and
the State Grange voted to work for a better galvanis-
ing process, to be insisted upon by lazv. At our Execu¬
tive Committee, just held, the subject zvas placed among
the matters for the sub-committee on legislation to
follozv up. This is in line with zvlmt The R. N.-Y. is
doing!

That is the way the thing is going. It is just what
we said at the beginning. It will be talked about for
a while — then farmers will begin to insist. When they
do that in earnest the end will be in sight — far away,
perhaps, but still in sight. Keep at it ! The experiment
stations will come in time. They ought to head the
procession; now they must take a place down the line.
Will the New York State Grange get ori the right side
of the fence?

*

lx criticising our public school system, it is well to
remember that, just as a stream cannot rise higher than
its source, a school -cannot well be higher in character
and effectiveness than the community from which it
draws its support. The school system may be faulty;
it ignores the personal equation, both in the case of
child and teacher, and we must be prepared for a cer¬
tain number of misfits in both relations, but it repre¬
sents the best training and knowledge at present avail¬
able. The parent who washes his hands, figuratively,
of any responsibility concerning his child’s training, is
at once the despair of a good teacher and the oppor¬
tunity of a bad one, but he is more willing to attack
the system than to acknowledge his own dereliction of
duty. With few exceptions, the children who do well at
school are those who have been trained at home in re¬
spect for authority and for knowledge. It does not
necessarily follow that the parents give actual help in
the lessons themselves ; they may be too unschooled to
do that, yet give most valuable assistance in the forma¬
tion of character itself. If a school is unsatisfactory the
community which supports it has the means of reform
at hand, for the highest functionary in our educational
system is but the hired servant of the State, and we have
ourselves to blame if we permit political partisanship
or personal feeling to befoul the very fount of learn¬
ing. But we must not forget that the foundation of all

education is within our homes. Idleness, disregard of
authority — a base materialism that seeks no higher
things — all these are, in the public school, but an out
ward expression of the errors of parental training, or
of the absorption of money-getting that hands our most
cherished institutions over to be the sport of circum¬
stance.

*

Wire! Wire! Wire! That is the cry we hear
everywhere. Letters are pouring from everywhere. At
every farmers’ meeting we attend we find people who
have lost money by buying worthless wire. Wire! Be¬
fore long it will be war! Probably you never thought
of the point made in the following note :

Farmers everywhere are indignant at the fraud practiced
on them in selling wire nominally galvanized, but rusting in
two or three years. Wire can he and formerly was galvan¬
ized, so that it was practically rust-proof, and there is no
excuse for putting out such an article as they do to-day.
When Uncle Sam buys armor plate he has an inspector on
hand to see that it is all right. Farmers collectively buy
wire amounting to many times the bills the Government
pays for armor plate, but there is nobody to see that the
work is done honestly. It seems to me that the Department
of Agriculture should investigate this matter, and find out
what should be done, so that when the farmer buys galvan¬
ized wire he may get galvanized wire, and not an imitation.
Keep up the agitation, as the farmers are all with you.

Where would our boasted navy be if the armor plate
were not carefully inspected? Right where thousands
of wire fences are now. If Uncle Sam inspects armor
plate why should wire fences pass without inspection?
Who is to do it if not the public institution conducted
by public money? Of course we shall keep up the agi
tation. Wait and see the agricultural papers and the
stations come into line!

*

We have at least a dozen letters from readers who
have received notice that they have “won a prize.” The
letters for typewritten circulars) state that the person
addressed is entitled to a piece of jewelry, and that for
a small sum to cover postage or packing it will be sent.
What puzzles most people is the fact that such letters
contain a little slip of paper with their own name and
address written on it. The signature is evidently genu¬
ine, and people who know that they never tried to
win any prize cannot see where that signature came
from. It is not hard to explain. All people write busi¬
ness letters. These are kept for a while, and then sold
for waste paper. A man may go to a junk dealer and
buy thousands of such letters for a little money. It is
easy to clip off the signature and send it back with one
of these circular letters. It may be that John Smith
five years ago wrote a letter which he has now forgotten
all about. It would be easy for somebody to buy that
letter as waste paper, cut off the signature and send it
back to John Smith with the information that he has
“won a prize.” It is a sharp game for selling goods.
There are some people who reason that probably a
mistake has been made — that some one else won the
prize, and that they will say nothing but secure the
goods. That is just what the man who sends the letter
figures on. Is the jewelry valuable? It costs you
35 or 95 cents “to pay for packing.” That price will
cover the original cost of the jewelry, packing, postage
and also a big profit for the dealer. That will give you
an idea of its value. Prizes that we know we never
won are not likely to prove very satisfactory.

BREVITIES.

Arh you eating two apples a day? That is the minimum
dose.

In order to answer a question off-hand you must have the
information on band.

A gentle hint from each of 100 R. N.-Y. readers will
make a good-sized "kick."

This weather makes the man with a large gang of men
at work hunt for profitable jobs.

Weeds that grow in the mind — “envy, hatred, malice and
all uncharitableness.” Clean cultivation is needed.

Wiiat about it? Other things being equal, are insects
more destructive in sod or in cultivated orchards?

Cement shingles are the latest. They are made of Port¬
land cement put on a metal frame, with loops at the side
for nailing.

The yearly bill for farm machinery in this country is
8100,000,000. How much of this did the “weather" eat up
on your farm?

This is what we call an expressive postscript from a New
York friend : “Kick the auto red devil for me, and also
the fence wire manufacturer."

Those butter records on page 42 put the Dutch Belted at
the bottom of the list. Has performance at the pail been
sacrificed, for the distinctive marking?

Chop off one-third from every long speech at that agri¬
cultural meeting and give the time to questions and discus¬
sion. Never mind if the speaker does get prodded a little.
It will do him no harm.

Telephone trespasses and line fence questions seem to
cause much friction among rural property owners, judging
from our correspondence. The great corporations often show
a disposition to ignore private property rights.

“Let mercy be tempered with justice,” we said on page
928. “Why not justice by mercy?" asks a reader. It
usually is. All the advice we have seen on the subject runs
one way. We thought it was about time to give the other
side a chance.

1005.

»

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

47

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.- The boilers of the Pittsburg River steamer
Defender blew up while she was two miles above Huntington,
\V. Va.. January 3; 10 persons were killed by the explosion
or drowned. Of 39 persons on the steamer, only one escaped
injury. . . • Theodore Thomas, the distinguished orches¬

tra leader, died at Chicago January 4, aged 70, the cause of
death being grippe developing into pneumonia. He was a
native of Essens, East Friesland, coming to this country
with his family in 1845. Chicago had recently completed a
subscription fund of $750,000, to build and support a per¬
manent hall for the Thomas orchestra. . . . Suit for

$5,000 damages was entered against C. Deitrick & Sons,
wholesale meat dealers at Fittsburg, Pa., January 5, by A. II.
Engeman, a retail butcher. Engeman sets forth that some
time ago his place was visited by the pure food agents, who
seized sausages which he had bought from the defendants,
and that he was later fined $50 and costs for selling adul¬
terated meats. He sets forth the belief that Deitrick & Sons
know the meat was not right when sold, and that he has
suffered greatly in loss of business by reason of the adulter¬
ated meat being found on his counters. . . . Members

of the General Assembly of Nevada have received word from
the Interior Department at Washington that Nevada will be
expected to take steps at. the next session of the Legislature
to stop the sale of liquor along the line of the irrigation
canals that are being constructed in connection with the
reclamation work. Iho liquor traffic has resulted in many
acts of crime and seriously interfered with the prosecution
of the irrigation work. . . . January S fire in an oil

refinery at Point Breeze, near Philadelphia, Pa., caused a
loss of $200,000. . . . Fire at Olathe, Kan., January 10,

destroyed a number of business buildings; loss $150,000.

. . . January 6 fire destroyed the City Hall at Spring-

field, Mass. ; loss $50,000. . . . Martin V. Broughton, of

Great Falls, Mont., has brought a suit against the United
States and the Sioux Indians for a claim amounting to nearly
$100,000 for alleged damages by Indian depredations in 187(1
and 1877. Broughton claims that in those years the In¬
dians stole and made away with herds of cattle owned by
himself.

ADMINISTRATION. — A report and recommendation by
Secretary Hay on the naturalization of aliens was laid before
Congress January 4. Secretary Hay recommends a reform
in the laws for naturalization, which are based on a law
passed in 1802. The reduction of the number of courts with
power to naturalize is suggested. The number now is about
5,000, and the certificates of naturalization have been found
to vary greatly in wording and appearance. False, fraudu¬
lent and improper certificates have been discovered by the
Department. . . . Secretary Taft recommended to Congress
January 5 an appropriation of $100,000 for medals to be be¬
stowed upon the officers and enlisted men who served in the
Spanish war, the Philippine insurrection and the Pekin expe¬
dition. Where service embraced more than one of these
campaigns, a bar is to be added to the medal. The War
Department estimates that 446,882 medals will be required
which will make the cost of each medal of bronze 22 cents.
Secretary Taft also urges authority for bestowing a medal
for distinguished service in time of peace, as there is no
means now for recognizing such meritorious service. . . .

A joint, resolution was offered in the Senate January 5 by
Mr. Bailey of Texas proposing an amendment, to the Consti¬
tution extending the term of the President to six years and
making him ineligible to re-election. The resolution was
referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. . . . Rep¬

resentative Maynard, of Virginia, in a bill introduced Jan¬
uary 6, proposes to increase the salary of the President to
$75,000 a year, that of the Vice-President to $15,000, and to
give the President after his retirement from office an annual
salary of $25,000 per annum for life.

PHILIPPINES. — In an engagement on January 8 with
refractory Moros on the Island of Jolo Lieutenant James M.
Jewell and one private of the Fourteenth United States Cav¬
alry were killed. The action was an Incident in connection
with the capture of a fort held by Moro outlaws, which
Major Scott, Governor of the island, attempted to secure by
peaceful means several months ago. Recently while at¬
tempting to secure recruits on the island the kindly means
taken by Major Scott were mistaken by the surrounding
Moros and trouble resulted which necessitated forcible ac¬
tion. The Moro leader has been killed and the fort has been
destroyed. The American troops were assisted by the gun¬
boat Quiros, in command of Lieutenant Walker.

CENTRAL AMERICA. — The steamer Preston, from Puerto
Union, Costa Rica, brings the news that nearly 40 miles of
the Costa Rica railroad, running between Puerto Union and
the capital, San .Tost'*, had been so seriously damaged by a
succession of 25 earthquake shocks, which began in the lat¬
ter part of December, as seriously to interfere with business.
Passenger and freight traffic has to be relayed at various
places. It is thought that it will lake at least two months
to repair the road and restore the property to its former
condition. The shocks are said to have been the worst expe¬
rienced in Costa Rica for 13 years. Great excitement pre¬
vailed and the population, especially the foreigners, fled from
the buildings and remained in the open during the prevalence
of the shocks. The shocks were accompanied by a severe
storm, during which the earth was washed down the moun¬
tain side in avalanches, covering or destroying the railroad
track. Several bridges were washed away by the floods.
The earthquake is said to have been very severe in Bocas del
Toro, in the Republic of Panama. It was clearly felt aboard
the United States warship Dixie at anchor there and alarmed
the crew.

FARM AND GARDEN. — At the annual meeting of the
Kansas State Horticultural Society Frank llolsinger, Leav¬
enworth, was elected president ; W. II. Barnes was re-elected
secretary.

The Ohio Horse Breeders’ Association met at Columbus
January 10, secretary, Samuel Taylor, Grove City, O.

The Arkansas State Horticultural Society holds its twenty-
f tli annual convention at Rogers, January 24 to 26. The
State lias sprung into a leading position for fruit production.
Ernest Waiwer, Fayetteville, Ark., is secretary of the society.

The Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agri¬
culture, Washington, 1>. (’., has just issued a bulletin (No.
69) of great importance to seedsmen and market gardeners,
on the subject of American Varieties of Lettuce prepared for
the Department by W. W. Tracy, Jr., Assistant, Variety
Trials. •

The Perfection currant, introduced by C. M. Hooker &
Sons, received the gold medal at the World’s Fair, St.

Louis. This makes the third medal which this currant has
taken, as it was awarded the $50 gold Barry Medal by
the Western New York Horticultural Society in 1901, and
the Pan-American Medal the same year.

Rabies has been more prevalent in New York State dur¬
ing the past year than ever before, according to the

State Department of Agriculture. Rabies has been found
to exist in the following counties: Sullivan, Ulster, Sara¬
toga, Broome, Tioga, Tompkins, Chautauqua. In enforcing
the provisions of the law relating to the diseases of bees,
the agents of the Department visited 624 apiaries, in¬
spected 27,210 colonies of bees, and found among them

1,137 diseased. They condemned for treatment 661 colonies,
and destroyed 273. As an indication of the value of

this work to the bee industry of the State, the statement
is made that the loss from disease in bees in 1899 was
$25,420; in 1904 it was but $2,220. The surveillance of
nurseries since 1898 has been such that very little diseased
nursery stock is now shipped. In the year 1903-4 only six
cases were reported of shipments of such stock from the
State. Practically every orchard where the San .To sc scale
is believed to exist has been ‘thoroughly examined, and
remedies for its suppression are to-day available, so that
growers by spraying can keep their fruit clean and at the
same time save their orchards.

LEASE MAKING TENANT A HIRED MAN .

There are many farms to be worked by outside help, tenant
farming, and many others are worked on shares, or as we
call it, “worked to halves.” Many farms are given into the
hands of tenants who are not responsible for a dollar, and
some even do not try to be responsible. Some years ago I
had a lawyer dictate for me a contract that would really
make the tenant my hired man, or hired family, and for
several years had my farm worked as herein described very
successfully. I give below the main outlines of this con¬
tract. Of course anyone can add to or take from, but the
very essential thing about this contract with a tenant is that,
he is hired to the first party as a hired man or a hired
family.

“This agreement made this first day of December, 1904,

between A, of - . party of the first part, and B,

of - , party of the second part. Witnesseth

that said A, party of the first part, hires and employs said
B, party of the second part, to oversee and to work said
A’s farm in the town of — — — — — -, consisting of 100 acres,
known as the K farm.

“Now, therefore, the said A, in consideration of covenant
and agreement hereinafter contained to be performed by
B, said A hereby agrees to furnish to the said B from the
first day of January, 1905, to the first day of January,
1906, said farm and buildings to occupy together with dairy
of cows (with or without certain dairy tools), and as com¬
pensation said A gives said B one-half the income and pro¬
ceeds from said dairy and farm, together with one-half the
income from the growth of calves that may be raised; also
one-half of produce from hogs, poultry and fruits. And
in consideration of the foregoing agreement, said B furnishes
a team of horses and fixtures, kept repairs and shoeing at
said B’s expense, said team to be kept and fed on undivided
half. Said B agrees to furnish farming tools as both parties
may agree. Said B agrees to work the farm in a workman¬
like manner ; also to care for the cows and all stock in con¬
nection with the farm in a humane way: also to keep the
buildings and fences in repair. If there is new fence to be
made said A furnishes the material and said B builds it.
Purchased feeds, seed, grain, taxes and fertilizers to be paid
for as the parties may agree.

“The disposition of the milk, butter or cheese to be
divided as both parties may direct, and the same of all
moneys in connection with the production of t lie farm.
Said B allows said A to reserve the right to say and control
where all plowing, and how much shall be done; also to sav
how much of each kind of crops shall be sown and planted.
Also to control when and where the manures and seeding
shall be used. Said B further agrees, if he fails or neglects
any part of the work pertaining to Ihe farm or stock, said
A shall have the power to do or cause it to be done at It’s
expense, and to be paid for out of B’s proceeds,

“In witness whereof said parties have hereunto sub¬
scribed.” O. H. S.

CEMENT FOR FARM BUILDING.

As lumber is getting scarcer from year to year, and also
more expensive, the farmer must look for other material
with which to take its place. Many things can be made
of cement that will be as lasting as stone and cost less
than wood ; such things as stable floors in basement barns,
where plank lasts but a short time; doorsteps, walks, water
troughs, reservoirs or tanks, hitching posts, hog troughs
and many other things. The average farmer can do this
work after a little practice as well as to hire an expert
at $3 per day or more. Never use anything but the best
material, consisting of Portland cement weighing 400
pounds to the barrel, costing in this section about $2.25
per barrel ; clean, sharp, coarse sand and clean lake gravel
in size from beans to walnuts. Anyone having the above
material can make many things that are necessary on the
farm at small cost. We have about 300 feet of cow
stable floor with gutter that we have used two years, and
we like it very much. The past Summer we put in a
watering trough holding 25 barrels, and for this job we
used two barrels of cement. We dug down in the ground
3y2 feet and the size we wanted the outside of the trough,
and filled this with cobblestone, the top ones laid to a
straight edge. On this we spread our concrete. There
are two very essential things in a job like this, and they
are good foundation and good drainage. I intend next
Spring to put a reservoir in the ground holding 100 barrels,
and I think I can do it with three barrels of cement. I
shall use it to pump water into from an artesian well.

Vergennes, Vt. c- L- ,T-

SHODDY; WHAT IT IS; HOW MADE.

There is a great misconception in the minds of peoplr-
generally as to just what shoddy is, and as to its practical
utility. * There are two kinds of shoddy, generally speaking,
new shoddy and extract shoddy. As to the former, when a
merchant tailor cuts the cloth for a suit of clothes, he has a
number of pieces of the cloth left. They are put into a bag
and sold to the packer of new clippings, who in turn sorts
them over, it may be for color, putting blacks, browns, blues
and the light colors in separate bins. When he has a suffi¬
cient quantity of them he offers them to the woolen manu¬
facturer, or to the shoddy manufacturer, whose manner of
handling we will describe after describing the latter kind of
shoddy or extract as referred to above. Old woolen rags
are collected by the small dealers, and then put in bales arid
sold to the large packers, who in turn offer them to the
manufacturers, who put them through a wet or dry gas or
acid treatment which removes by carbonization all the cot¬
ton which may be left in the rags from linings attached, or
in the yarn from which the fabric originally was made, and
after this process the rags are thoroughly scoured and well
dusted. Either of the above kinds of raw stock are then
ready to be made into shoddy, which is a process as follows :
The clips or rags are spread out on the floor of the stock
room, and to each 100 pounds is sprinkled all over it a num¬
ber of quarts of lard, red or wool-oil. which is to lubricate the
fibers so that when they are run through the pickers they
will pull apart so as to give as long fibers as possible. The
picker consists of a large cylinder about 42 inches in diam¬
eter and having a 20-inch face. This cylinder is encased and
lias a moving apron on which the stock is brought to the face
of the cylinder, which revolves about 600 turns to the min¬
ute. In the face of this cylinder are inserted about 15.000
tempered spikes or teeth, which pull apart the stock very
nicely. This pulled or picked stock is then run through the
cards just as wool is in any mill, from which it is spun into
yarn, and ultimately, by using a certain percentage, a fabric
is made. The value of it runs from five to 60 cents per
pound. Wool waste consists of any one of the following
things : Yarn left over from a number of different pieces of

cloth ordered; flocks which come from the gig, shearing,
napper and brush machines, which are used in the finishing
of any piece of cloth : headings attached to the end of every
piece of cloth when it comes from the loom, and card waste
(a material which drops out under the carding machines or
is stripped out from the card clothing by hand). The waste
you referred to as being used as a fertilizer is the earn
strippings of a very low grade of stock, and the fertilizing
property comes largely from the oil which was put in orig¬
inally to pick the stock. We do not consider it good for
bedding cattle. cordon bros., inc.

Ilazardville, Conn. _

MICE AND TREES. — The following advice concerning the
handling of young trees in Winter to prevent injury from
mice is given by Prof. F. A. Waugh, of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College:

(1) Trees may be mounded up with soil. The earth is
thrown up in a cone about the trunk to the height of eight
inches. This is leveled down in the Spring.

(2) Small piles of well-rotted manure about the trunks of
the trees will answer the same purpose and the manure may
be spread out in the Spring. Manure with much trash or
straw should not be used.

(3) The trunks may be coated with some preparation dis¬
tasteful to mice. Preparations of tar are sometimes recom¬
mended. but are apt to injure the bark. Many nostrums
are advertised, most of which are only partially effective.

(4) 'I’lie trunks may be covered with some material which
mice. will not gnaw through. Wire netting will answer.
Special wire tree guards are made and may be bought at a
reasonable price of the wholesale dealers' in horticultural
supplies. Cornstalks may be tied tightly around the trunks
by means of string. Newspapers tied around the trunks in
the same way will answer admirably. Any of these things
should be removed in the Spring.

(6) If the snow is tramped down solidly around each
tree directly after every snowfall it will usually prevent any
damage by mice. This is apt to involve a considerable
amount of work, however, except it be for two or three trees
standing conveniently by the house.

North Carolina Taxes. — Tax levy of Haywood County,
N. C. : For State and county. $1.10 on $100 worth of prop¬
erty; $3.30 on the poll from 21 to 50 years of age: eight
days on the public road from 18 to 45 years of age : $25
worth of household property exempt from taxes; 25 cents
on $100 worth of property for stock law fence repairs.

Waynesville, N. C. a. j. a.

Virginia Farmers Alert. — We had a farmers’ institute,
held in our city December 9 and 10, the first ever held in
our section as far as I know — the first one I ever attended,
at any rate. The business men of the town helped to
create much interest in it by offering the farmers premiums
for the best displays of products. The attendance was very
good, and those present were much enlightened and in¬
structed by the able discourses by practical and experienced
men in scientific agriculture. I feel that I was' greatly
benefited by what I learned about my business as dairyman,
although I must confess that I was often compelled to show
my ignorance by questioning the speakers along the lines
in' which I felt I needed * most instruction. While the
attendance was good among the general farmers and gar¬
deners. I noticed the dairymen were scarce. I asked one
of them why he did not attend the institute, and help me
to find out something from the speakers. Ill's reply was:
“Well, I have been in the dairy business for 15 years,
and I think I know as much about it as them fellows do."
I don't know how much he knows, but I found out that
he does not know that it helps milk to cool and aerate It.
and he is sending his to town warm every day. I think
the country will still produce a lot of this kind of wise
men. Everybody was well Impressed by the institute, and
we already hear much talk of a county fair next year, some¬
thing which helps to keep the farmers alive to modern and
competitive methods. r. e. r.

Newport News, Va.

Products, Prices and Trade. — During 1904 the exports
of cattle from this country increased 437 per cent over the
previous year, and of sheep. 116.5 per cent. . . . The

National Cotton Dinners' Association has arranged for a
dozen State meetings to be held throughout the South to con
sider what shall be done with the cotton now held, and
how much reduction in acreage shall be made the coming
season. . . . Railroads running east from Chicago have,

for the first two weeks of the year, handled more grain,
flour and provisions than for anv similar period of recent
years, viz. : 245.000 barrels of flour, 6.900,000 bushels of
wheat, and 45,500 tons of provisions. . . . At the recent

poultry show in this city the following sales of stock at high
prices were made: Five Orpingtons, $1,000: 14 White Leg-
ho.rns, $1,550, $110 per head. . . Cotton nroduction in

Ilayti is increasing. This island is very suitable for cotton
growing. . . . Broom corn is much reduced from the

boom prices of two years ago, selling now at $40 to $75 per
ton. . . . An apple exporting firm which claims to have

gathered a large amount of statistics, says that there are
now stored in this country 2,300,000 barrels of apples.

BUSINESS BITS.

The Stndebaker almanac for 1905, is as usual, full of
valuable information of especial interest to farmers. In
addition to statistical and other information, it contains a
large number of practical recipes, and has revived some of
t lie best sayings of old Josh Billings, the most genial and
philosophical of all American humorists. A free copy can
be obtained from any Stndebaker agent. If he cannot sup¬
ply you, send a two-cent stamp to the Studebakers, South
Bend, Ind., and mention this paper.

Ip you will send your name and address, mention this
paper and enclose a stamp to the Marlin Fire Arms Com¬
pany, New Haven. Conn., they will send to you, without
charge, one of their desk calendars for 1905. This annual
souvenir has now become a feature of the holiday season that,
hundreds of people welcome. The 1905 design is entitled
“A Great Shot,” and tells a story that any lover of the
woods will understand. The treatment is novel, the work
well done, the size convenient, the calendar useful. Send
your name to-day to the Marlin Company.

The awarding of the Grand Prize to the Winchester Re¬
peating Arms Company, New Haven, Conn., at the St. Louis
Exposition, confers upon this company the highest mark of
distinction attained by any manufacturer of guns or ammu¬
nition in the world. Although a great number of medals
were given to this class of manufacturers, the only award
of a Grand Prize was to the Winchester Repeating Arms
Company. This latest recognition of superiority is the nat¬
ural result of 30 years of careful and successful endeavor in
maintaining the high quality of Winchester rifles, shotguns
and ammunition.

The Acme pulverizing harrow manufactured by Duane IT.
Nash, Millington, N. .T., has become a very popular implement.
As indicated by its name, it is, above all else, a pulverizing
harrow. It is a general purpose harrow, but its popularity
is due to its ability to crush clods and pulverize, level and
fine the soil, making the perfect seed bed. The peculiar
shape and backward slope of its teeth or coulters, as well as
its work, distinguish it from all other harrows. It is made
entirely of cast steel and wrought iron, and is practically in¬
destructible. Mr. Nasli sells on very liberal terms.' lie
sends it freely on trial and takes it back, agreeing to pay the
freight charget if anyone should not be perfectly satisfied.
We commend the advertising to our readers' notice.

No apology is due our readers for directing their special
attention to the Standard manure spreader, manufactured
by the Standard Harrow Company; Utica, N. Y. A manure
spreader is fast coming to be recognized everywhere as one
of the most profitable pieces of machinery a farmer can buy.
The Standard, in some respects, appeals to us as being the
type of what such machinery should be. It must, at any
rate, lie reckoned in the first class. Coming later than other
spreaders, its manufacturers have been able to remedy what
have been found to be manure spreader weaknesses. The
Standard spreads a full width of 4 Vj feet. The beater teeth
are arranged to distribute evenly all the way across its wide
box. We recommend our readers who are interested in ma¬
nure spreaders to write the Standard Harrow Company for
their spreader catalogue and make a study of it.

48

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 21,

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

“It singeth low in every heart,

We hear it each and all —

A song of those who answer not,

However we may call ;

They throng the silence of the breast,

We see them as of yore —

The kind, the brave, the true, the sweet,
Who walk with us no more.

“ ’Tis hard to take the burden up
When these have laid it down ;

They brightened all the joy of life,

They softened every frown ;

Rut, oh, 'tis good to think of them
When we are troubled sore !

Thanks be to God that such have been,
Although they are no more !

“More homelike seems the vast unknown.
Since they have entered there;

To follow them were not so hard,

Wherever they may fare;

They cannot be where God is not,

On any sea or shore;

Whate'er betides, Thy love abides.

Our God, for evermore.”

— John White Chadwick.

*

If one has a habit of losing the spool of
thread frequently while working (ours al¬
ways bounces under the table), run a bit
of baby ribbon through it, and pin to the
left side of the bodice. It saves time, and
the effort of stooping.

*

If a visit to the preserve closet shows
signs of fermentation among canned
peaches, drain off the juice, and allow a
cupful of granulated sugar to the juice
from each quart jar of fruit. Add the
sugar to the syrup, and boil for half an
hour, stirring and skimming frequently.
Then add the peaches, stirring and stewing
to a smooth marmalade, sealing in jars
while hot.

*

When darning a large hole or group of
holes in a stocking, the work is much sim¬
plified by first basting a piece of coarse net
over the hole. Darn over and through
the net, working well over the edges of
the hole, so as to keep the darn firm. The
darn made in this way is more quickly
done, and is very smooth and neat; if ma¬
terial is at hand it is a great improvement
over the ordinary way.

*

Housekeepers who wish to use olive oil
as shortening in pie crust will find the fol¬
lowing sufficient for one pie : Five and
one-half tablespoonfuls of cooking oil, four
tablespoonfuls cold water, one-half tea¬
spoonful salt. Put the oil in a basin, add¬
ing salt ; stir in flour enough for a soft
dough, then stir in the water and add more
flour; mix rather soft, and use plenty of
flour in rolling out. This will be found
desirable by those who do not like animal
fat as shortening.

*

Forcemeat of potato and walnut will
be an excellent stuffing for roast goose, or
may be baked in a separate dish and served
like a vegetable. It is a recipe of Mrs.
Janet Mackenzie Hill's: Two cups of hot
mashed potato, one teaspoonful of onion
juice or grated onion, one-half cupful of
sliced walnut meats, one-fourth teaspoon¬
ful of paprika, one teaspoonful of salt, four
tablespoon fills of thick sweet cream, one
tablespoonful of butter, yolks of two eggs.
One teaspoonful of sweet herbs if desired.
*

A holder for stock collars consists of a
covered cardboard, on which the collars
are pinned, and a linen envelope large
enough for the board to slip into. Cover
the board with a thin padding of cotton
batting, and over this linen or white China
silk, smoothly overhanded around the
edges. Make the outer cover envelope
shape, with a flap fastened by a button.
It may be finished around the edge with a
cord, or bound with ribbon. The stocks
are pinned flat on the board, and the enve¬
lope made large enough for the board to
slip in without crowding. This keeps the

collars flat and smooth, free from dust,
and it takes up little room in a bureau
drawer.

The Home Girl’s Opportunities

For two or three years blueberries had
been not less than 18 cents a quart, and
extremely scarce. To some of us who
count berry picking among the opportuni¬
ties, it was quite a calamity. This last
Summer the luscious high-bush berries
were abundant in certain pastures about
here, and brought a fair price, although
only a few miles north, in New Hamp¬
shire, the yield was so great that only
three or four cents a quart was paid aboard
the cars. Among other things I picked
strawberries, and earned the most of any
picker, with a record of 137 boxes in nine
hours. At the end of three weeks I had
over twelve dollars. Then a neighbor who
had sown cauliflower seed and was going
to thin out the piece offered some plants
to my father. We were eating ice cream
at the time on their piazza, and when my
father said he didn’t want them, T thought
of a quarter of an acre growing up to
weeds, and remembered that the same
thing had taken place for two years. The
ground had been prepared and sown to a
crop, but when it failed to grow, nothing
more was done, and weeds flourished lux¬
uriantly. A sudden inspiration came to

me. If I failed it would be - but I

vowed I wouldn’t fail. I’d do or die! And
so I said :

“Well, Frank, I’ll take the plants if he
doesn’t want them. We had the piece
sowed to cauliflower anyway, only it didn’t
come.”

Of course my father predicted failure.
“To begin with, you can’t fit the land. I’m
not going to plow it. I haven’t time.”
Finally I succeeded in getting the culti¬
vator run over a few times and then I set
to work pulling weeds. It was simply
awful ! I tugged away doggedly, for two
days working from 6 A. M. till nine or
ten at night, pulling and raking. Then I
had nice mellow soil for a few inches in
which to set my plants. Two more days
saw 1,200 plants set out, looking wilted
and dejected. “I’ll give her about six
weeks,” I overheard my father say. “By
that time it’ll be grown up to weeds again.
She can’t keep it clean,” and he chuckled
in anticipation. I retorted: “There are no

weeds now.” “No, but - ” “Well, when

there are some it will be time enough to
talk. I give you leave to count all you
find.” The two men laughed and no more
was said. But from that moment I made
up my mind that I would show them what
I could do. The next day I went blueberry-
ing, and kept it up for two months steady,
working early and late and reaping a har¬
vest of over forty dollars. Twice a week
I cultivated and hoed my cauliflower. I
bought a bag of phosphate for $1.75 and
put near the plants and hoed it in, also a
little wood ashes, perhaps half a barrel.
The piece fairly jumped. It went ahead
of my neighbor’s set out at the same time,
and nothing more was said about weeds.
In fact, after the first hoeing just five
weeds grew. Last Fall I harvested $21

worth of marketable heads besid ' some we
used and gave to my friends, and when the
hard freeze came there was a goodly
amount of green fodder for the cows.

It wasn’t all fun. Sometimes things
would happen to make me feel uncomfort¬
able enough, although I never felt ashamed
in the least of the work itself. “Make all
labor honorable !” But when one has a
short skirt pinned up to one’s knees, an
old straw hat half hiding a red, sweaty
face, and stringy hair, dirty hands, and I’m
afraid a face that might show “streaks,”
supposing a carefully dressed young col¬
lege friend wanders down the road and
stops to call. He was pleasant and quite
unconcious apparently, but — well, imagine
how I felt ! Still those weeds had to come
out — and they did.

Then I had some chickens. I believe
with the man who said: “Yes, there must
be money in hens, there’s been so much
sunk in the business.” So I started in with
very little capital. I had $20. Half of it
bought a hundred splendid little downy
chicks just a few weeks old. The other $10
fed them while I was seizing the opportun¬
ities that came my way to earn more capi¬
tal. If you haven’t much invested you
can’t lose much, you know. When Fall
came, and the first cold weather I began
to take orders among my friends for their
Sunday dinners. In this way I sold 37
roosters for $30.20, and had 40 pullets and
four roosters to put into the henhouse
with a net gain, over expenses, of $4.92.
My expenses included 360 feet of wire
fencing, and I had the pullets free. The
henhouse, shown in Fig. 23, is not elabo¬
rate, only warm, sunny and clean. I tore
down the front of a ramshackle old build¬

ing 30x14, and put in new sills, plates, cor¬
ner posts and studding, with four new win¬
dows and a door. The roof, sides and
ends covered with tarred paper, and a wire
partition dividing the house into two pens
was about all that was new. I put locks
on the doors and windows, a platform
under the roosts to catch droppings, and a
row of six nest-boxes in each pen. A
friend who has been engaged in the busi¬
ness successfully for 10 or 12 years helped
me a great deal. He made me two drink¬
ing fountains from a nail keg. There are
six pickets like the top of a fence and six
places for the hens to drink. They can’t
foul the water, and the whole is most

There is no aid to the

house-wife so great,
as the Royal Baking
Powder.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW-YORK.

A GIRL’S HENHOUSE. Fig. 23.

Lamp-chim¬
neys that break
are not

Macbeth’s.

If you use a wrong chimney, you lose a
good deal of both light and comfort, and
waste a dollar or two a year a lamp on
chimneys.

Do you want the Index ? Write me.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

Ask
Vour
dealer
for it.

Polish.

IVot Itnrn OPT.

I, A MONT, C.OKMS8

Trtd.-M.rk ,

Is Gunrnnleod to go twice is far '
as paste or liquid polishes. X-lt.i y is the
OR 1C I N A L Powdered Stove

It gives a quick, brilliant lustre and Hops

r. Sample, sent if you address Dept. P
S8 St CO., Agin,, "8 Hudson Bt.. New York.

Steer, Bull or Horse
hide, Calf skin, Dog
skin, or any other kind
of hide or skin, and let
us tan it with the hair
on, soft, light, odorless
and moth-proof , for robe,
rug, coat or gloves.

But first get our Catalogue,
giving prices, and our shipping
tags and instructions, so as to
avoid mistakes. We also buy
raw furs and ginseng.

A COW,

SEND USI

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

WHEN YOU DRIVE

I3o your hands get eold ?
Let us keep them warm, A
pair of our elegant RUSSIAN
It K A K F U K DRIVING
GLOVES will do it. Fire¬
proof. Ironclad palm, soft and
pliable. Hand lined with first
quality wool fleece, and cuff
with best corduroy. Will wear
for years. For warmth,
wear and durability
Ibis GLOVE has no
equal. Also made in
mittens & one-fingered.
Send us the wholesale
price, 8*2, and we will
send you a pair post¬
paid. If you are not
pleased, return them,
and we will refund the
money and postage.

RUSSIAN FUR CO.

Gloversvllle, N. Y.

NON - INTERFERING TELEPHONE

For 25c extra we supply our Standard
Rural Telephones with a simple at¬
tachment that will do away with one-
half the annoyance caused by frequent
ringing of bells on rural lines. Just the
thing for all party lines. Write tor free
book F 102 describing best telephones
in the world. Address nearest office.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. MFQ. CO.
ROCHESTER, N Y. CHICAGO, ILL.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUIl OWN TELEPHONE LINE.

Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talklng and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any lino.
Large Catalog No. 9 Free.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn,, U. S. A.

s

TENOGRAPHY

Book- keep¬
ing, etc .thor¬
oughly taught
Situations for all graduates. Complete Course
for Home Study, ®5. Catalogue free.

C. C. GAINES, Box 637, Poughkeepsie. N. Yn
or 119 West 126th Street. New York. N. Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FKEK.

J OS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstoxvn, N.J#

t

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

49

ingenious. Every pleasant afternoon when
I could spare time I have taken the demo¬
crat wagon, a dozen sacks and a little girl
neighbor who likes the fun of helping, and
gathered leaves for litter. I fed the chicks
a dry grain ration from the beginning. Now
they get a mash of vegetable parings, meat
scraps, ground oats, fine feed and corn-
meal mornings. Twice a week raw meat
cut fine and the rest of the time wheat and
buckwheat noon and night feed. They are
heavy and contented, always busy and
singing or talking. It is about time to
look for eggs. I have one pullet laying
and an old black hen who does royally,
laying every day. The fowls are Rhode
Island Reds, and everyone says they are
handsome as pictures, adah e. colcord.

The Rural Patterns.

The full blouse waist shown in No. 4918
will be very suitable for a young girl,
either for a separate waist, or as part of a
suit. It is suitable either for wool or
heavy cotton materials. The waist con¬
sists of the fitted foundation, front and
backs. Roth the front and the backs are
laid in pleats at the outer portions of the
shoulders and are gathered at the waist

4910 Ctrl's Blouse Waist, 6to14yrs.

line. The closing is made invisibly at the
center back and the neck is finished with
a straight collar. The sleeves are made in
one piece each, the fullness laid in pleats
at the upper edge, which give a box-pleated
effect, while the lower edges are finished
with straight cuffs. The quantity of mafe-
rial required for the medium size is 3)4
yards 21 inches wide, 2)4 yards 27 inches
wide or 1% yards 44 inches wide, with 14
yards of braid to trim as illustrated. The
pattern 4918 is cut in sizes for girls of 6,
8, 12 and 14 years of age; price 10 cents.

The box-pleated skirt No. 4907 would
combine very nicely with the above blouse
to form a suit. The skirt is ‘cut in seven

4907 Misses’ Box Plaited Skirt,

12 to 16 yrs.

gores, the box pleats concealing all seams,
and meeting at the center back where the
closing is made. The quality of material
required for the medium size (14 years) is
0’/2 yards 27, 3)4 yards 44 or 3)4 yards
52 inches wide. The pattern 4907 is cut in
sizes for misses of 12, 14 and 16 years of
age ; price 10 cents.

Canning Beef at Home.

Will you state the safest method of canning
beef for family purposes, how to cook it be¬
fore canning, whether to bake it, pot it down,
or stew it? Could it be packed down in a
crock and then have hot lard poured over
it, or hot cotton seed oil poured over it? When
canned Is it canned in the liquor that it is
cooked in ? j. w>

Vermont.

The recipe for beef canning given us
was as follows: Roil fresh beef until
tender, adding salt and pepper to taste.
Slice, and pack in glass cans (Mason or
other preserve jars). Cover with the

water in which it was boiled (which must
be boiling hot), and seal immediately.
When wanted for use, set the jar in warm
water for a few minutes ; the beef can
then be taken out, and served either hot or
cold. The success of this operation de¬
pends entirely upon filling the can with
liquid boiling hot, sealing at once, and
storing in a cool dark place. Our inform¬
ant says that if canned corned beef is de¬
sired, make four gallons of brine to each
100 pounds of beef, as follows: To each
gallon of water add 1^4 pound salt, one-
half pound brown sugar, one ounce salt¬
peter; boil and skim. Cover the beef with
this brine, and let it remain six weeks be¬
fore canning; then proceed as with the
fresh beef, omitting any further seasoning
with salt.

Household Congress.

Euttermilk Custarr — Cream two ta¬
blespoonfuls butter, one cupful sugar,
yolks of four eggs; beat well and add one-
half cupful of sifted Hour, one pint of
buttermilk in which has been stirred one-
half teaspoonful of soda. Flavor with
vanilla or nutmeg. Use as filling for
two pies. Reat the whites of the four
eggs with six tablespoon fuls of sugar,
spreacl on top of pies after baked, and
return to oven and brown slightly.

MRS. T. W.

Hasty Pie. — Place in a deep baking
pan or dish any fresh or canned fruits
to the depth of two or three inches. Beat
together one egg, two tablespoonfuls of
melted butter, one cupful sweet milk and
one cupful of flour in which has been
sifted one teaspoonful of baking powder.
Pour this over fruit and bake until crust
is well done. Eat with sweetened cream
or any pudding sauce. Use but little sy¬
rup with fruit. The same recipe for
batter makes good muffins. mrs. t. w.

Wooden Covers. — Small butter-tub cov¬
ers are very handy to use about the kitch¬
en, especially if one has tables or shelves
either varnished or covered with enamel
cloth. They are good to set hot kettles
on, and if the bottom of the kettle should
happen to be black, a newspaper put over
the cover will keep it clean. It is good to
set the dishpan on, if you wish to wash
dishes on a table. Then, too, if one has
cold feet, a hot soapstone may be put on a
cover and will not injure the floor. When
the covers are not in use they can be hung
on nails and be out of the way. If a var¬
nished surface happens to be injured by
hot water or heat, an application of oil
and alcohol will restore the original gloss
and color, if it is not too bad a place.

S. B. R.

When you write advertisers mention Tun
R. N.-T. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee. pag“ 14.

THERE IS NOTHING

more painful than

t Rheumatism f

and

Neuralgia

but there is nothing surer to
cure than

St. Jacobs Oil

The old monk cure. It is pene¬
trating, prompt and unfailing.

Price 25 c. and JOc.

t»++

ZOYSjroa/ieetfrit

do this! **

Don’t beg for every cent
you need. Don’t growl
because you never have
a penny of your own.
Get to work and earn
your own spending
money, as six thou¬
sand other boys are
doing it, selling

The Saturday
Evening Post

after school hours. No, it isn’t
hard work. It leaves you plenty
playtime. A few hours’ work a
week and money you’ve earned
will be jingling in your pocket, to
spend as you please. Now don’t
let anybody say you
haven’t the grit and
spunk of other boys.

S it right down and write
us a letter to send you the com¬
plete outfit. It’s free, and in¬
cludes io copies of The Post.

Sell these at 5c the copy, and
with those 50c you can buy
more copies at wholesale prices,
some are making $15 a week now.
at least one, two or three dollars

The earlier you start the more you make as you go along.

$250 in Extra Cash Prizes

each month to boys who do good work.

The Curtis Publishing Company, 1090 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa

All of our boys started this way —
What’s to stop you from making
a week? Now don’t put this off.

▲ KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

6

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it at
(hen our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermometer S20,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of the larg¬
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the entire prod- 1
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro-
curable article at a big saving, we know we can satisfy you. •••

.Send Postal for Free Catalogue No. 156

y/v

PAY
THE
FDEIGhT

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes andfor all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with special
reference to long life and economy of fuel. "All
blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.
All cook stoves and ranges equipped
with patented oven thermometer.

It save fuel and makes baking easy.

Investigate our offer and
save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamaioo, Mich.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

ROYALTY PAID

- ON _ _

Son g-Poems 303 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, 111.

and Musical Compositions.
We arrange and popularize.

PIONEER MUSIC PUB. CO.

Steel Roofing

100 Square Feet,
$2.00
I WE PAY FREIGHT EAST of COLORADO

Except Oklahoma, Indian Territory and
Texas. Strictly new, perfect steel sheets,
6 and X feet long. The best roofing, siding
I or eel ling you can use; painted two sides.
I Flat, *3; corrugated orVcrtmped, $2.10 per
square. Write for free catalogue No. D- 67
I on material from Sheri ITh’ and Bert* I vera’ Sale.

| CHICAGO lior HE WRECKING CO.
85th A Iron Sts., Chicago.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs anl
Ginseng, Lock Box 48, Hightstown. N. J.

BUILD UP yosT He,tlth “Pd

v v m. Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
Esa for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

5o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 21,

M__A_R_K_E__T_S

BEANS.

Marrow, 1904, choice . 2.67% @2.70

Fair to good . 2.45 @2.60

Meuium, 1904, choice . 1.82% @1.85

.2.80

!2.10

Pea, 1904, choice .

Red kidney, 1904, choice. . . .
White kidney, 1904, choice..
Black turtle soap, choice...
Yellow eye, 1904, choice....
Lima, California . -

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . -

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... -

Corn, No. 2, mixed . -

Oats, mixed . -

Rye .

Barley . 5

HAY AND STRAW.

. 1.72 V, (a 1.75
.2.62% @2.65

@2.85
(a 5.10
@2.15
oj 3.00

@1.24%
@ L27%

@

@

@

@

'.<2.

37

81

58

Hay, No. 1.

.............

. . 77

% @

80

No. 2 _

• •••••••••••••

. . 70

@

75

No. 3 _

@

65

Clover and

clover mixed. .

. . 60

@

70

Straw, long

@1

.15

Short and

tangled .

. . 65

@

72%

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3% cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

•eamerv, extra .

. 2!)

Firsts .

. 26

Seconds .

. 23

Thirds .

. 1!)

Held, extras .

. 27

Held, firsts .

. 24

Held, seconds .

. 21

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. .

Tubs, firsts .

Tubs, seconds .

Fresh, thirds .

Western imitation creamery,

firsts .

Seconds .

Western factory, fresh, firsts.

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Held, firsts .

Held, seconds .

Renovated, extras .

Firsts .

Seconds . .

Lower grades .

CHEESE.

State, full cream, small, fey. .

Full cream, small, fine .

Full cream, small, choice...
Full cream, small, fair to

good .

Full cream, small, poor .

Large sizes % cent less.

@
<>M

@
@

@
(<n
@
26 % @

24

20

17

23

17

16

14

@

@

@

@

@

@

On

(a

1 7 % @

16

20

17

14

@

@

@

Or

@

@

@

@

10 %@
8%@

29%

28%

25
21

26
23
27
26
23
19

18

18

17
15

18

17

21%

18
15

12%

11%

11%

10%

9%

Light: skims, small, choice. .

10

(a)

10

Light skims, prime .

9 % @

!)

Full skims .

4

@

5

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, white .

@

40

Fresh gathered, good to eh..

34

@

36

Fresh gathered, firsts .

30

@

31

Ordinary to good .

23

@

29

Western, finest .

—

@

31

Average best .

—

@

30

Seconds .

27

@

29

Thirds .

2.3

@

26

Kentuckv, fresh gathered .

23

@

30

Refrigerator, April packed....

22 V

5 at

23

6 @
5%@
5%@
4 @

3 @

3 % @
3 @

May and June packed . . 20%@

Summer packed . 19% @

HOPS.

N. Y. State, 1904. choice . 35 @

Medium to prime . 32 @

Ordinary . 29 @

Pacific Coast, 1904, choice.... 34 @

Medium to prime . 31 @

Ordinary . 2!) @

Pacific Coast, 1903 . 30 @

Olds . 14 r®

German crop, 1904 . 60 @

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy. . .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to good..

Sun dried, sliced .

Canadian, quarters .

Sun dried. State & West'n.

Coarse cut and quarters. . .

Chops, 100 lbs .

Cores and skins. 100 lbs. . .
Raspberries, evaporated, lb. . .

Huckleberries .

Blackberries .

Cherries .

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, King, d. h. bbl . 2.00

Jonathan, d. h. bbl .

Ben Davis, d. h. bbl .

Spitzenburg, d. h. bbl . . .

Spy. d. h. bbl .

Baldwin, d. h. bbl . 1.2

Greening, d. h. bbl .

As to kind, open head bbl.

Grapes, 4-lb basket .

Cranberries, ch. to fancy, bbl.

Poor to good . 3.00

Strawberries. Florida, quart...

VEGETABLES.
Potatoes, I,. I., in bulk, 180

lbs .

State & Western, 180 Tbs

Maine, bag . 1.25

Jersey, in bulk. 180 lbs . 1.37

Bermuda. No. 1, bbl . 4.00

No. 2, bbl . 3.25

Sweet potatoes. Jersey, bbl. . . .2.00

Brussels sprouts, quart . 4

Beets, nearby, bbl .

New Orleans, 100 bunches. .2.50

Carrots, nearby, bbl . 1.00

New Orleans, 100 bunches. .2.00
Cabbage, Danish seed, red

ton . .30.00

Danish seed, white, ton..

Domestic, ton . 9.00

Cauliflowers. L. I.. bbl . 1.00

Florida, bbl . 4.50

Celery, extra fey., doz. stalks.

Small to medium, dozen....

Chicory, New Orleans, bbl.... 3. 00
Escarol. New Orleans, bbl.... 3. 00

Kale, Norfolk, bbl .

Lettuce, New Orleans, bbl . 1.00

Onions, Conn. & E'n, white.

bbl .

Yellow . 2.75

Red .

Orange Co., yellow, bag.... 2.75

Red .

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00

Peppers. Florida, bn. carrier
Romaine, New Orleans, bbl
Radishes, New Orleans, 100

bunches . 2.00

Spinach. Norfolk, bbl . 1.00

Hubbard, bbl . r~

Turnips. Can., ruta baga, bbl..

Nearby ruta baga, bbl. ..... 65

2%@ 3%

@1.60

1.00

@1.12

22

@ 23

TT

@ 12

6%@ 7

13%

@ 15

2.00

@3.50

2.00

@3.50

@2.50

2.00

@3.50

2.00

@2.50

@2.25

1.25

@2.00

1.00

@1.75

6

@ 10

6.00

@8.50

@5.00

50

@ 65

1

1.87

@2.00

1.37

@1.55

@1.50

@1.50

,4.00

@5.00

@3.75

,2.00

@4.00

4

@ 12

1.25

@1.75

. 2.50

@3.50

.1.00

@1.50

.2.00

@3.50

in. 00

@35.00

12.00

@14.00

.9.00

@12.00

.1.00

@5.00

@5.00

. 40

@ 60

. 10

@ 20

. 3.00

@4.00

@4.00

. 75

@ 85

.1.00

@3.00

.’3.00

@8.00

@3.25

@3.00

.2.75

@2.87

@2.75

. 1 .00

@1.50

.1.00

@ 1.50

0

(a 4.00

.2.00

@2.50

.1.00

@1.50

@1.00

. 90

@1.00

@ 90

FEED.

City bran . 22.00 @23.00

Middlings . 24.00 @26.00

Red Dog . 27.00 @28.00

Gluten feed . 25.00 @28.00

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, No. 1, dozen . 1.00 @2.00

Lettuce, dozen . 10 @ 40

Mushrooms, lb . 5 @ 40

Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.50 @3.50

Rhubarb, dozen bunches . 1.00 @1.25

Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ 20

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, nearby & West'n, lb. —

Fowls, old .

Roosters, old .

Turkeys, old .

Ducks, Western, average, pair
Geese, Western, average, pair

Live pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring turkeys, Ohio and Mich¬
igan, scalded .

Western, poor to fair .

Capons, Phila., large, fancy. .

Phila., mixed weights .

Phila., small and slips .

Ohio & Mich., mixed weights,

choice .

Other Western, large .

Western, small and slips. ... 12

Chickens, Phila., 8@9 lbs to

pair, IT) .

Phila., mixed sizes, lb .

Western, average best .

Western, inferior .

Fowls, Ohio & Mich., scalded..

Other Western, average run.

Spring ducks, choice .

Fair to good .

Spring geese, choice .

Fair to good .

Squabs, p’me, large, white, doz. 3.00 @

—

@

11

—

@

13

—

@

0

13

Oi

14

70

oi

80

.37

(a 1

.62

Y.

@

20

_

@

19

15

@

16

23

@

24

17

20

14

@

16

15

@

16

14

@

16

12

@

13

19

@

20

15

@

16

1 1 % @

12

9

@

11

—

@

12

11

0i

12

13

o,

14

10

0,

12

—

@

12

9

0j

11

(a

Oi

@

@

COUNTRY I iRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime, light . 11

Fair to good . 8

Heavy veals . 6

Buttermilks . 5

Hothouse lambs, head . 5.00

liogs. Jersey, light, lb . 6

Jersey, medium . —

Jersey, heavy . 5

Roughs . 4

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 3.90

Oxen . 3.75

Bulls . 3.75

Cows . 1.60

.00

3.00

. 1 0.00
. 3.00
60
. 9.00
. 6.00

21%

20%

37

34

31

36

33

30

33

17

72

7

5%

4

4%

3%

Calves, veal
Barnyards

Sheep . 3.75

I, a mbs .

Hogs, Stale . .

FURS.

Black bear .

Cubs and yearlings .

Badger .

Otter .

Beaver, large .

Medium . 4. no

Small . 2.00

Silver fox . 70.00

Cross fox . 5.00

Red fox . 2.00

Grey fox . 75

Fisher . 4.00

Wolf, prairie . 1.50

Timber . 2.00

Wolverine . 4.00

Lynx . 4.00

Wild cat . 40

Civet cat . 25

House cat, black . —

Colored . 8

Marten, dark . 6,00

Pale . 3.00

Skunk, black . 1.60

Half-striped . 1.10

Long-striped . 90

Striped . 50

White . 25

Raccoon . 60

Opossum, large . 55

Medium . 30

Small . 15

Kits . 5

Rabbit . 1%@

Mink . 2.50 @

Muskrat, Winter . 14 @

Fall . 9

Kits . 2 @

11%
10
8
6

@9.00
@ 6%
Oi 6
@ 5%

@ 4%

@5.65
@4.15
Oi 4.20
@3.50
@9.50
@4.00
@5.75
@8.25
@5.25

@20.00
@ 10.00
Or 80
@15.00
@ 8.00
@ 5.00
@ 3.0')
@ 250.00
@10.00
@ 4.00
@ 90

8.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
6.00

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@12.00

i ;>

35

25

10

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@>

5.00
1.75
1.20
1.00
60
30
1.50
' 60
35
18

5.00

15

10

3

Here’s the Power

tliat’B simple and efficient and reliable. Not the
whimsical wind or ttie unreliable gas
engine. It’s steam and it’s

A Leffel Engine

Alter all others are tried out you come back to
steam lor ensilage and feed cut¬
ting, sawing, grinding, etc. Leflel
is the line adapted to all
farm uses. Many
styles, horizon¬
tal and upright,
all of same ef-
liciency. Quick
steaming power
that’s sure and
equal to every
duty. “Leffel
quality.” Write
for large free
catalogue.

The James
Leltcl
& Co.,

Box 146,
Springfield, O

i ^

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

We work with, not against, doctors

We give doctors the formula for Ayer’s Sarsaparilla. Then
they can tell, when asked, just what it will do. Suppose you
ask your doctor about this medicine in cases of impure b
thin blood, debility, exhaustion, nervousness, anemia • LowelL Maos.

‘SAVE-THE-HORSE Spavin Cure,

Registered Trade Mark.

TONTINE stables. 360 8th Ave., New York, Nor. 80, 1904. I had a nine year old stal¬
lion lame overa year. He was not worth $10. I used your "Save-the-Horse and he has gone
sound ever since. I have driven him twenty-five miles in one day^and^ ,n°" ta*ce

$250for the animal.

1 flfl Por Written

baUU Guarantee— as binding tojpro-

$C

— tectyou as legal talent could
make it. Send for copy and beoklofa

At J>ruggx*U and Dealers or EzprtM « paid.

WILLIAM MILLER.
“Save-the-Horse" Permanently Cures Spsvin,

Ringbone (except low Ringbone) . Curb, Thoroughpin, Splint,
8hoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons *nd all lameness, with¬
out scar or loss of hair. Horse may work as usual.

TROY CHEMICAL CO., Binghamton, N. Y.

Formerly Troy. IT 1 ■

POST'S®? SAP SPOUTS

THE AIR TRAP
does it.

THE SEABOARD FLORIDA LIMITED

And two other daily trains afford exceptionally
fine service to all winter resorts in the Carolinas
and Florida. For resort booklets and informa¬
tion, address, □

W. E. CONKLYN,

1183 Broadway New York

PISOS CURE FOR

t/>

N

H

O

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Ul

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

O

1 r>

(M

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

|

GIVE

More Sap

every day
for

Mora Days and make

Hama IlnnnufOr yOU 11 NO. 1, Length, 3 ^ llL

M0f6 Monaythan any i | Genuine bu •tgnatur*

other, and there Isa scientific H M * . x-'X

reason for It explained In our
FIl&K CATALOG oi with \/T
eamples of each f» cents. 800

delivered at any B. B. station. on each label.

No. S length, 8J4 Ini
No. 1 .$1.86
No. a, 81.60
per 100.

AGKNT8
WANTED.
C. 0. 8TELLE, 75 Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
RURAL Mail Box. and a small price.

H, E. Hessler Co., Facing 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

Sink £VOO Cream
Separator

FOR 525.00 w e a e 1 1 the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARATOR, capacity, 800
pounds per hour; 350 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for 529.001
500 pounds capacity pernour for
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal of Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
576.00 to 5125.00.

OUR OFFER. yoVa' Sepa¬
rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement if you
do not find by comparison,
test and use that it will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepald for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
tills ad. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big otter and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICA60.

OK SALK or EXCHANGE : Genuine Jacobus
Stainer Violin, cost $500. A magnificent instru¬
ment. Want Farm Stock. Write for particulars.
Address “ X.,” This Bubal New-Yorkeh.

Book 54F Free.

cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y,

llir ni V <M0 A It/rcif And expenses to men

Wl I A T 0 I 0 A VY 1 1 lx with rigs to Introduce
Poultry Compound. International Mfg. Co. , Parsons, Kan.

DADtJO of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best,
DHnllO Cheapest. Strongest. 8,000 In 44 states. Book
forstamp. SL1AWVEK BKOTHERS.Bellefontaine.O

150 envelopes, 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N Y.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Go , 118 West Water St., Syracuse,N Y

SILOS

Best. Cheapest. Also Horse Powers, Cut¬
ters, Hay Presses, Saw Machines, etc.

HARDER MFC. CO., Coblosklll, N. Y.

WANTED

, — W eneedafew more good rep¬
resentatives in your town and
vicinity, forthesale of our high
grade nursery stock. No Cold Storage Stock Used.
Experience unnecessary. Position permanent. Large
sales now being made. Liberal terms. Apply quick
ALLEN NURSERY CO., Dept. A., Rochester, N. Y

Oldest Commission SESs.1 ‘SiTcheeE;

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

CHD DECT Possible results ship Apples, Sweet
rUtl DCv I Potatoes, Poultry, Eggs, Calves &
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN, 204 Duane St., New York.

FRANK W. GODWIN-

L

GIO. P. HAMMOND. E8T. 1876. - -

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds o\
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Produots a Specialty. Consignments solicited

84 A 36 Little

8t„ New York.

ATTENTION

. _ 1 A, V. a.. — H C

—Needing male

_ _ help Of any kind,

tavor us with your orders. Mall orders a Specialty
I. HERZ. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St.,^New York

MAPS, Reports, Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated

Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board of Agbicultube,

Dover, Delaware

C A Dll— Situated In Allegany Co.,N. Y.,1% miles
r Rnm from R. R.; Creamery and Cheese factory.
Consists of 2U5 acres, in high state of cultivation,
large 12 room house, main barn, 68x106 ft., 300-ton
silo, hay barn, 30x42 ft., with good hog and hen house
—all painted— water in both house and barn. 1 will
sell lor lesB than buildings could be built for now.
and put in 30 head cattle, 2 brood sows, 100 head
poultry, some tools, A grand chance for man with
boys and a few thousand dollars. Price 8S40 per
acre; one-tbirddown, bal. to suit purchaser at 5 p.c.
Interest. FRANK L. McELHENY. Cuba, N. Y.

WinilO For rich farming and fruit growing.
FARMS Write J- D. 8. HANSON, Hart. Mich.

CAD C A I C— 300 acre FARM, mile from sta-
rUtl OALt tion, twenty miles from Roches¬
ter, N.Y. Good soil. Buildings. 15 acres apples.
Will sub-divide— Take small farm In part payment.
Address, J. R. BAILEY, Box 208, Rochester, N. Y.

HERE— Where its warm, at #3 per acre. Write
to in, QUICK. I’ll tell more about it.

W. W. GILES, Swan Station, N. C.

140 ACRES DAIRY AND TIMBER. $2,100

High state cultivation; main road; occupied by
owner; keeps 20 head cattle; personally examined;
details and picture FREE with illustrated •'Special
List” of 200 farms In New England, New York, Del¬
aware, Maryland and the South. Address E. A.
STROUT, Farm Dept. 42. 150 Nassau St., New York
City,orTremont Temple, Boston.

CHEAP Stock, Dairy, and Fruit Farms, in the Great
Fruit Belt ot Western N. Y. Profits will pay
costs in 3 to 0 years. Stamp for full information.
SHIPMAN S AGENCY, Lewis Block, Buffalo, N. Y.
largest Farm Agency in New York State.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and 1 guarantee to fulfill your re-
auirements and save you 6ome money besides.

4 WM. T. BROWN, „

313 Browii Building, Lancaster, Benu#

VIRGINIA FARMS
as. $5.°° PER ACRE

with improvements. Much land now being worked has
paid a profit greater than the purchase price the first
year. Long Summers, mild Winters. Best shipping
facilities to great eastern markets at lowest rates.
Best church, school and social advantages, b or list
of farms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAUML, Agr.
andlnd.Agt. M & W. Ry-, Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

I have buyers for country \

property

If you want
to sell for
cash, or
exchange ,
send de¬
scription and
price, and I
will tell you
whether I can
make a deal for you

E. G. BROWN,

Property for
sale and exchange
every where and anywhere

2123 Madison Ave.,
Newport News>Va.

Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine.

A $2 OO BOOK FOR SI.OO.

We have just a few volumes of this book that have become slightly soiled on
' one end. Unless your attention were called to it, you would scarcely notice it;
1 but we cannot send them out at the regular $2 price of the book. As long as
■ they last we will mail them prepaid to subscribers only on receipt of $1. The post¬
age alone is 17 cents. This is Prof. Geo. W. Curtis’s great live stock book, with
nearly roo full-page engravings. It is used as a text book in most of the agricultural
colleges of the United States and Canada. Orders at this price will not be accepted
from dealers or schools. Orders for single volumes with $1 will be accepted as long
' as the soiled edition lasts from subscribers only.

cTUE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl Street, NEW YORK.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

5 1

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

A subscriber in Saratoga County, New
York, sends us a letter from Waldo E.
Barnes, Jr., Providence, R. I., ordering a
shipment of hay. The correspondent says
he saw the advertisement in another paper,
and asks if Mr. Barnes is O. K. Most
decidedly he is not. Mr. Barnes offered
us his advertising some time ago. We
looked up his standing, and our informa¬
tion was that Mr. Barnes has no credit
at home, and never pays for anything
when he can help it. lie solicits ship¬
ments of produce from New England and
New York farmers. The goods are turned
over to purchasers, but he forgets to pay
the shipper. Of course his advertising
was promptly refused by The R. N.-Y,
but he finds space easily enough to get
in other papers that reach country people.
Better keep his name and address for
future reference, but keep in sight of your
goods until you have a firm clutch on his
cash — not check.

Speaking of mistakes, a New England
subscriber writes us as follows:

I see in Publisher's Desk that one sub¬
scriber gives you fits because lie did not re¬
ceive the rose. That letter reminds me of an
incident t bat happened right here in my own
town. There are two men here whose names
are alike, except the first letter of the last
name. One was a subscriber to Tiie It. N.-Y.
When you gave out the Ruby Queen rose the
plant was put into the postofliee box of the
man not a subscriber, and his wife set the
rose out and has much pleasure with it. This
I know to lie a fact, but to the best of my
knowledge there were no corrections made.

New Hampshire. o. s.

This is simply an instance showing how
an error may occur without our being re¬
sponsible for it. We are receiving many
letters from old subscribers explaining er¬
rors and oversights. The R. N.-Y. never
yet lacked defenders when there was need
for them.

Here is a sample of another class of
letters which has the true ring of force
and intelligence back of it :

Enclosed please find tfl for the good old
I!. N.-Y. for another year. There are too
many good things in it: to miss. I like it for
its noble defense of the farmer's interests.
You can’t hit the wire fence fraud and other
swindlers too hard for me. a. w. C.

Ohio.

Occasionally we receive a letter from
a subscriber who praises The R. N.-Y.
highly, but points to some particular fea¬
ture that he does not like and concludes
by saying that unless we change this to
suit his views we can stop the paper. To
such good people we want to say that
their position seems just a bit uncharita¬
ble, not to say selfish. We invite fair
criticism. We are glad to have the strong
and the weak points of the paper reported
to us as the reader sees them. We have
our own ideals of what a farm paper ought
to be; yet we have never made an issue of
The R. N.-Y. that comes up to the ideal.
Under the conditions that we have to meet
we are simply doing the best we know how
to approach it. We are glad to have you
speak out your mind, whether it be praise
or disapproval. The latter, while perhaps
less pleasant, is really more valuable if
fair; but you should bear in mind that we
cannot make a paper exactly to suit every
individual — we are not even able to make
one to suit ourselves; and if you were in
our place you might find sufficient reason
for doing as we have done. If such peo¬
ple -find so much in the paper to approve
is it not fair to assume that it is doing a
fair amount of good service, which more
than compensates for the features which
they do not like? It is true that we are
all more critical of a high quality of goods
or service than of inferior grades ; and
perhaps most of us are more exacting in
the deportment of our own children than
we would be with others; but we would
hardly refuse to ride behind a spirited,
well-bred horse simply because he had a
white foot we did not like ; and for myself,
I never can have much sympathy with the
righteous parent who turns an erring child
out of doors to reform him.

Tell us of any features that do not

please you; and suggest improvement, if
you will. We will come as near to it as
we can, as we recognize your right and
your interest, but let the renewal of your
subscription come right along with it, as
an assurance of your sincerity and inter¬
est in the cause as a whole. As a fitting
conclusion to these remarks we append
a welcome note :

Happy New Year to The R. N.-Y. Yon
have been coming to my home for over 30
years. Please come right along. Enclosed
I send money order for .$1 to defray your ex¬
penses. You are paid for coming to March 25
next. Bring along “The Business Hen.’’

Eallupville, N. Y. • f. h.

PROTECTING PIPES AT WATER
TANKS .

From our experience the most practical
way of protecting pipes against frost from
an elevated tank in a tower is to put a six
or eight -inch boxing around the pipe, and
then leave a dead-air space, and then put a
larger box 10 or 12 inches square around on
the outside. Some also in addition to this
wrap the pipes with hair-felt paper, and also
in some cases only one box is used, having a
larger box, and filling with sawdust or tan
hark, but the objection to this is that after
t lie sawdust or tan bark has been used for
a time it will pack and drop down, leaving
(lie space at the top of the pipe near the
tank, where it is liable to freeze.

SMITH & POMEROY WIND MILL CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

While it would be much better to use min¬
eral wool felt for the purpose of protecting
pipes and tanks from frost, very few farmers
would care to purchase it for this purpose.
In consequence we have thought that straw
rope tightly twisted and closely packed would
answer the purpose. From pump to tank we
would advise wrapping the pipe with a straw
rope about two inches thick, and binding this
with twine to hold in place; then with
strips of heavy cloth or canvas about four
inches wide wrap outside of straw rope.
This will hold the rope firmly in place.
Then make a double compartment box with
one-inch air space to place around outside of
covered pipe, leaving one side of the box
to put on after box is placed ill position.
After the box is placed in position fasten
this cover on with screws. The other part
of the box can be nailed together. It must
be borne in mind that the straw rope must
be tightly twisted and firmly packed around
the pipe. For protecting t he tank make a
wooden box either round or square, as the
case may require, and till in between tank and
Inside of box with four to six inches of
straw packed in tightly. The bottom and
top must be protected In the same way, by
putting a false bottom underneath the tank
and filling the space four to six inches l>e-
tween the top and bottom, and this space
packed full of straw. \Ye believe that this
will answer the purpose in all cases where the
temperature is not too low.

Racine, \Vis s. freeman & sons.

The secret of protection from frost is in
well-built walls around the pipe, which cause
dead-air spaces. First of all a rough box
is made around the pipe, and if this is thor¬
oughly covered and protected with building
paper, it is better than to use lumber only.
Then again on the outer boxes we advise the
use of building paper between the two layers
of boards. If these instructions are care¬
fully observed in the construction of the
frost boxes, the pipe is then in a position
whereby, witli the use of ordinary intelli¬
gence, it can he kept from freezing. If a cir¬
culation of water is maintained during cold
weather. This, however, is by far the most
important feature of all, for it matters not
how thoroughly and well built the frost box
is, if the circulation of water is not kept up,,
it would freeze in spite of everything that
could be done. If a circulation of water is
kept up, there need be no danger from freez¬
ing. \Ve have a tank, the pipe from which is
protected in this manner, and it has been in
operation for about 20 years. During that
period it has frozen up several times, hut in
every instance it lias been due to negligence,
because care was not taken to keep the water
in circulation. We now make a practice during
cold weather, of drawing off a foot or two of
water every day. The windmill replaces this
with water of a higher temperature direct
from the well, and by this means the temper¬
ature of the water in the tank is maintained
at a point above freezing. But we cannot
impress too strongly upon your readers, the
fact that it is not sufficient simply to make
a frost box and then leave it to take care of
itself. It must receive the same intelligent
attention that any other luxury receives to
make it successful. This is the great point
to keep in mind. We do not at all advise
the use of so-called “frost-proof casings”
which are wrapped around the pipe, as they
cause sweating and rot, and make a very un¬
satisfactory job.

WIND ENGINE AND PUMP CO.

Batavia. Ill.

Do you remember the little things that
gave us so much pleasure when we were
young? With what zest did we sit down to
the table after our play was over and eat the
mush and milk our mother put before us.
But as we get older it takes more to give
us pleasure. Mush and milk no longer
tastes good to us, and our digestion may be
impaired. The best advice we can give to
such a person is to tone up the stomach with
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery. It
is nature’s most valuable and health-giving
agent — made without the use of alcohol. It
contains roots, herbs and barks, and is the
concentration of nature’s vitality as found
in the fields and woods. This remedy has
a history which speaks well for it because
it was given to the public by Dr. R. V.
Pierce, founder of the Invalids’ Hotel and
Surgical Institute, at Buffalo, N. Y., nearly
forty years ago, and has since been sold by
druggists in ever increasing quantities.
Some medicines, tonics or compounds, en¬
joy a large sale for a few years, then disap¬
pear from the public attention, but Dr.
Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery has
proved such a reliable blood remedy and
tonic that it often enjoys the confidence of
several generations in a family, and its in¬
creased sales year by year coming from the
recommendations of those who have tried
it, prove its lasting merit, so that every
bottle bears the stamp of public approval.
Every other blood-maker and tonic for the
stomach that we know of contains alcohol,
but Dr. Pierce guarantees that no alcohol
is contained in Lie "Medical Discovery.”

The Fearless Railway

Horse Powers

run easier and yield moro power than any other.
Suited to Cutting , Hawing, Pumping, Thresh¬
ing — all farm uses. Also Threshers, Engines,
Cutters, Saw Machines, Round Silos, etc. Cat*
jaloguo free.

T1AKDKK MFG. CO., Coblesklll, !f. T.

TELEPHONIES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO.,

MILWAUKEE, WIS.

Never
Jumps
TheTrack

it cannot bo I
pushed. hooked
or blown off
and It doesn’t
bind or run
hard on account of warping of door or siding.
“The best hanger on earth” is the

FLEXIBLE DOUBLE TREAD
BARN DOOR HANGER.

I Its double set of hangers runs on both sides of Inverted T rail,

I whloh Is flexible on the wall — accommodates itself to all Inequali¬
ties. Absolute center draft. Carrier wheels are roller bearing.
Always true and easy running, never out of order. We mako a
specialty of Hay Tools and field and farm hardware appliances.
Ask for our catalogue.

LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 39 Bro*dw*y, Fairfield, la.

Sawing Outfit $13.25

\Wo are sellinp; this first-class Tilting Table Saw Frame
^for only 913.25. Thousands <»f them are now
in use. This machine will save you con¬
siderable money. Perfect construc¬
tion, made right or left-handed Wo
'absolutely guaranteo this Sawing Outfit
satisfactory in every detail. We ship
on approval. Send $1.00 as a guar¬
antee of good faith. If not entirely
satisfactory when received, leave it
with freight agent and we will re¬
fund you your $1.00 and pay the freight both ways. Wo
have 8 other kinds of sawing machines, including Drag Sawing
Outfit, and we have saws, belting, etc., in fact, wo are head¬
quarters for Sawing Machines; have a larger line than any
other firm and our prices are the loweftt. We save you money
on everything you buy, and wo give you the same guarantee on
werything wo sell. Send for our new catalogue No. 80. It’s
Free, and full of choice bargains, for wo sell you anything
you use at almost factory cost.

Cash Supply & aifg. Co., 571 Lawrenee Sq., Kalamazoo, Mich.

Instead of 4

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
lngs from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Hanking Department.

MONEY now drawing 4 p. c.

can lx* safely reinvested
through this Company at p. c.
— Increasing the Income 2.1 per
cent. Conservative Investors
will appreciate a plan affording
all the security ami profit with¬
out the annoyance of individual
mortgage loans.

Description of methods, names
of many patrons, an dull desired
information on request.

Assets, . @1,700.000
Surplus and Profits,
@100,000

Industrial Sa vinos A LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
structed. Saves
lal»or, auuoy-
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS £’a'gtoanl>

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 1 7 HAVANA. ILL

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES

Build your own lines. Inexpensive
and simple. We will fell you how.
Book of Instructions Froo. C N 302

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

1 52 St. Clair St. Cleveland, Ohio.

GAIN ACRES

by clearing that stumpy pi;
of laud THE IIEUCU1
Jstump Puller pulls any stump.
r^Saves time, labor and money.
Catalog FREE. Hercules Mfg. Co., Dept.P.S. Ceniervlllo.la

iece

LEa

Brooks’ Sure Cure

Brooks' Appliance. New FOR

discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxious springs or pads.

Automatic Air Cushions.

Binds and draws the broken
Dart* together as you would
a broken limb. No salves, i
No lymphol. No lies. Dur-I
able, cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, ’01. 1

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE- L _

BB00K8 APPLIANCE CO.. Box 965, MARSHALL, MICH.

Our latest pattern
Pitless Seale.

(Patents Pending.;

BRANCH, DAYTON, OHIO.

You Can Save From $30 to $50

. . . BY BUYING OCR . . .

“KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when it leaves our factory, with
Z the exception of door planks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

Nee Exhibit Pure Bred Live Ntock Record Bldg., Chleugo.

DAI I |||||2 1 AUR you want a plow that turns a
**"UUillU I., ri H U smooth furrow up or down. You
to work equally well on the level. The

Syracuse Combination Plow

leads every other. The type which other plow makers pattern after
imitated butnever equaled. Steel moldboard, separate shin
piece, cast landside, chilled or steel shares, right or left
hand, with round or flat coulters. Demand unprece¬
dented. It’sthe plow that’s next to perfection for all-around
work. Ask year dealer to show you or write us for de¬
scriptive catalogue.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse, N. Y*

THE $50,000,000 WORLD’S FAIR

Wo have the entire Exposition and offer for immediate delivery all the vast quantity of material used
in its construction and equipment.

100,000,000 Feet of Highly Seasoned Lumber

* SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR OUR ESTIMATE

SAVE FROM 30 TO 40 PER CENT. Also Sash, Door*, Hoofing of all kinds, Pipe of all kinds, Wire Fenc¬
ing, Hardware, Machinery, Household Goods and Furniture of every description, besides thousands of other
items. ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE NO. 57. We purchased every Exposition of modern days.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, Mo.

52

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 21, 1005.

THE PROTECTION OF ONE MILLION FAMILIES

NEW-YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

JOHN A „MoCALL, President.

BALANCT ° IIIEET, JAITUAB.X 1, 1903.

ASSETS. =

Government, State, City, County and other Bonds, cost value _ 2. . $287,062,384

(Market Value, $294,309,761.)

(Company does not include in Assets the excess $7,247^ •“’* if
market value of Bonds owned over cost.) o ~

Bonds and Mortgages (413 first liens) . ^ . 23,595,105

Deposits in 489 Banks throughout the world (at interest $15, 241m 2 . 17,694,110

Loans to Policyholders on Policies as security (reserve value uitfeof,

$50,000,000) . . 35,867,475

Real Estate, 23 pieces (including eleven office buildings, valued

at $10,940,000) . 13,257,500

Quarterly and Semi-Annual Premiums not yet due, reserve charged

in Liabilities . 4,086,171

Premium Notes on Policies in force (Legal Reserve to secure same

$5,500,000) 3,331,618

Premiums in transit, reserve charged in Liabilities . 2,746,326

Interest and Rents accrued . 2,469,571

Loans on Bonds (market value, $783,565) . 550,000

(Company does not invest in stocks),

TOTAL ASSETS . $390,660,260

INCOME 1904.

New Premiums . $16,133,824

Renewal Premiums . 64,422,754

Total Premiums . $80,556,578

Interest receipts from :

Bonds owned . $10,634,987

Mortgage loans . 1,069,232

Loans to Policyholders, secured by Policies . 1,943,063

Bank Deposits and Collateral Loans . 702,056

Total Interest Receipts . 14,349,338

. 946,723

. 499,688

. 538,945

Rents from Company’s properties..... . .

Profits realized on Securities sold during the year. . . .
Deposits on account of Registered Bond Policies, etc.

TOTAL CASH INCOME . $96 891.272

New Business Paid for in 1904 ( Policies) , $342,212,569
GAIN IN 1904 «82.) $15,554,323

LIABILITIES.

Policy Reserve (per certificate of New York Insurance Dept.)

Dec. 31, 1904 . $336,222,459

All other Liabilities on Policies, Annuities, Endowments, etc., await¬
ing presentation for payment . . . 6,909,661

.Reserve on Policies which the Company voluntarily sets

aside excess of the State's requirements . *6,830,023

Reserve to provide Dividends payable to Policyhold" rs
during 1005, and thereafter, as the periods mature :

To holders of 20-Year Period Policies . 24,082.787

15-Year Period Policies . 5,7.36,259

10- Year Period Policies . 344,001

5- Year Period Policies . 303,837

Annual Dividend Policies. .. . 808.953

To holders of
To holders of
To holders of
To holders of

Reserve to provide for all other contingencies . 8,461.680

Total (not including $7,247,377 excess of market value of Bonds owned
over cost) .

47,528,140

TOTAL LIABILITIES . $390,660,260

DISBURSEMENTS 1904.

Paid for Death-Claims ($19,734,245), Endowments (5,051,629), and

Annuities ($1,723,160) . $26,509,034

Paid for Dividends (5,989,491) Surrender Values ($7,790,058) and

other Payments (95,279) to Policyholders . 13,874,828

Commissions and all other payments to agents $7,276,850 (on New
Business of year $342,212,569) ; Medical Examiners’ Fees $788,761,

and Inspection of Risks $178,155 . 8,243,766

Home and Branch Office Expenses, Taxes, Legal Fees, Advertising,

Equipment Account, Telegraph, Postage, Commissions on $1,586,-

396,739 of Old Business and Miscellaneous Expenditures . 11,204,101

*Total Disbursements . $59,831,729

Balance for Reserves — Excess of Income over Disbursements for year. . 37,059,543

♦The expense Ratio for 1904 is lower than for 1903.

TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS AND BALANCE FOR RESERVES, $96,891 272

Total Paid-for Insurance in force (^Policies) | $1,928,609,308
GAIN IN 1904 $183,396,409

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name and caused my official seal to be affixed at the City of Albany, the day and year first
above written. _ FRANCIS HENDRICKS, Superintendent of Insurance.

The Detailed Annual Statement of the Company, giving: list of securities held, etc., will be supplied on application. Address,

NEW-YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 346 and 348 Broadway, New York.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID.
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. 1).
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-83 VeseySt. ,New York

WE have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers, Stockmen. Grange and Farmer's Clubs.and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every neighborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

™‘„r” AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump, it cun, however
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place Of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R H. Deyo & Co., liiugliamton, N.Y.

NET PRICES ON PAGE FENCES

quoted you, and freight to your station. Just say
how much fencing, what kind or for what purpose.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co.,Box 728 , Adrian, Mich

With Grimm Sap Spouts One-Fourth More Sap is Guaranteed.

The sap remains sap when the bucket is covered. The Grimm COVER
is O. K. Order direct or through your local dealer. Our terms are May ],
next. You have nothing invested; they pay for themselves in one season.
We allow freight on lots of 500 or more, but not express; we also allow a
liberal discount for cash with order. Sample Spout and Instructions “O,”
free. ORDER NOW. Please give references to insure prompt shipment.
G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt. or 84 Wellington St., Montreal, 1*. O.

OLDS MINES

The Wizard Engine

I Is our latest improved 2 to 3 h. p.
engine — detachable water jacket
— jump spark ignition system
(same as in Oldsmobile) per¬
fect lubrication — flO gaskets to
burn out.

Repairs Cost Practically Nothing

The cheapest to buy and most eco¬
nomical to operate and
keep in order. Suitablefor
all kinds of work. Has
pumping jack outfit and
direct connected pump.

Get our prices and
Catalogue of 2 to 100
h.p. Olds Engines.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

27 Chestnut St. Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: R H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

The Strongest Fence

Science proves that the strongest fence, because
constructed throughout on scientific lines, is the

ELLWOOD FENCE

SIMPLE-SCIENTIFIC-STRONG

.58 INCH
50 INCH
42 INCH
34 INCH

The Reasons:

1st— Each horizontal extension of the ELL¬
WOOD is a steel cable, consisting of two heavy
wires intertwined.

2d— Each of these cables is tied to each other
cable by a continuous heavy wire lapped tightly
about every cable— not tied in a crooked “knot”
26 INCH or twist to weaken the strength of the tie wire
at the bei ding point. ( Wrap a wire around
your finget and the wire is not weakened; tie a
18 INCH wire UP 'n a bard knot and you cannot untie
it without breaking, it is so much weakened.)

*

THAT IS ALL THERE IS TO ELLWOOD FENCE-

Heavy steel cables lapped about and held together by steel wire, forming uniform meshes. Simple, isn’t it?
No chance for weakness in any part; uniformly strong. The reasons for the superiority of ELLWOOD FENCE
are not hard to find. This company owns and operates its own iron mines and furnaces; its own wire mills
and six large fence factories — either one of the six being larger than any other fence factory in the world.
These facts should be convincing.

The guarantee that goes with ELLWOOD FENCE is backed by the strongest firm financially in the fencing world.

Do us the favor to send us your name — on a postal card — and let us send you our newest booklet about fencing. It tells
how to order and what to order for all purposes. This booklet is free. Get one and get wise.

There’s a dealer in your town who carries ELLWOOD FENCE. Hunt
him up and look the fence over. You’ll see its strong points at a glance.

AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO., Dept. 140, Chicago, Now York, Denver, San Francisco

Vol. LXIV. No. 2870.

NEW YORK, JANUARY 28, 1905.

SI PER YEAR.

SPRAYERS AND SPRAYING.

Experience of Practical Men.

During the past few years many forms of power
sprayers have been used. Much of the work done with
them has been experimental, and no one seems willing
to say that he has obtained the best possible outfit, com¬
bining economy of material and hand work with effective
results in the field. Insects and fungus diseases have
made this matter one of vital importance to farmers
and fruit growers generally. We hope to picture from
time to time several different powers which are employed
in this wholesale spraying. The first of the series is
shown on this page. It is used by J. B. Collamer & Sons,
of Orleans Co., N. Y. The following statement is made
concerning it :

“Perhaps we have something that may interest you
and your readers in the line of a complete spraying out¬
fit, differing from those yet illustrated. Last Spring
we bought a gasoline engine, pump and agitator all com¬
plete, which rig we used
40 days spraying. It will
pump for 16 nozzles at ISO
pounds pressure, but you
may pump at any pressure
you may desire, as there is
a relief valve that lets the
mixture go back into the
tank, so you may have a
uniform pressure all the
time. This apparatus
pumps water into the tank
as well as out, and the
tank holds 265 gallons.

Two men can easily spray
out six and seven tanks a
day when using eight noz¬
zles of small passage. We
also have a steam outfit
which we thought was fine,
but on comparison with
the gasoline it was discov¬
ered the latter could do
twice the work of the
former, while it rec|uired
less help, produced a uni¬
form pressure and made
the work cleaner and more
pleasant. The outfit com¬
plete cost about $265. The
wagon has wheels six
inches in width and the
height of the rear wheels is
60 inches, thus permitting
traveling on soft ground.

The top of the tank is level and occupies a space 6 x 10
feet, thus giving ample standing room. We are unable
to state what it costs to apply a gallon of the spray
mixture, as so many things are included.”

Success With Lime and Sulphur.

I have found the salt, sulphur and lime wash to be
very satisfactory. The scale appeared about three years
ago in my peach and apple orchard, and I began to
spray at once with salt, sulphur and lime. The or¬
chard is now six years old and contains about o;4 acres.
Last year I picked 3,000 baskets of fine peaches from it
that brought me $2,238. There is not a single tree in
the orchard killed by the scale, and none is suffering
from it. My formula and way of boiling is as follows:
34 pounds stone lime, 34 pounds sulphur, 34 pounds
salt, which makes 100 gallons of mixture. T use a gal¬
vanized feed cooker to boil it that holds 100 gallons. I
start with about six pails of water in cooker; as soon
as this begins to boil I add the lime; as soon as the
lime begins to slake add the sulphur, running it through

a fine sieve, which keeps it from going into lumps. Boil
this for 45 minutes, then add the salt and boil for
15 minutes more; then fill boiler with water and when
contents are hot enough to spray well it is ready for
use. Too much care cannot be taken to strain the
mixture when it is put in the cask from which it is to
be sprayed. I think most of the failures with this wash
come from three things, viz., scanting it of material, not
boiling it long enough, and putting it on in too much
of a hurry, and in my opinion these are the most im¬
portant parts. C. A. BENNETT.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

Believe in Whale-Oil Soap.

I have had experience in spraying for insect pests,
but have never had San Jose scale on my premises, for
the very good reason that I never accept a bill of nur¬
sery stock without first inspecting every tree or plant
under glass. If 1 buy direct from nursery and pay in
advance, I inspect and burn all specimens not satis¬

factory. T destroyed a lot of Wealthy trees last Spring
which showed crown gall badly, the nurseryman taking
no notice of my complaint. Four years ago scale ap¬
peared on peach, pear and apple trees in this town. I
recommended whale-oil soap, three pounds to five
gallons of water, to be applied in December, and again
in March. This was done, covering every particle of
bark. Two years later I desired some wood with scale
on to exhibit at a Grange meeting, and the scaL was
so completely destroyed that I had to send to a distant
part of the State to get specimens. These trees were
very badly infested by San Jose scale. The peach trees
were cut and burned, also some of the pears. The
remainder were trimmed and sprayed, and every tree
was saved and is now in a healthy condition. Apple
trees were about 12 years old. The wood which I sent
for to get specimens of scale came from an orchard
which had been sprayed with lime-sulphur wash, and
was completely covered with scale. If the soap wash
will control the scale every time as well as it did in
this case, what is the use of all the trouble to make and

apply the lime-sulphur-salt wash to our fruit trees?

Worcester Co., Mass. s. r. walker.

Lime and Sulphur in Michigan.

I lie lime, sulphur and salt mixture is in common use
in the Michigan fruit belt. The regular formula is lime
25 pounds, sulphur 15 pounds, salt eight pounds. In
case spraying is delayed until buds are somewhat ad¬
vanced, four pounds of copper sulphate is used in place
of the salt. I his formula is varied somewhat by dif¬
ferent growers, some using more both of lime and salt.
The sulphur is added to the slaking lime while hot, and
the mixture boiled an hour, near the end of which time
the salt is added. Strain carefully, two or three times
if necessary, so it can be applied with a fine nozzle—
preferably hot— care being taken to cover every part of
the tree. In most cases the results are entirely satis¬
factory, some growers reporting the total destruction of
the scale, and in all cases where the work is thoroughly
done the pest can be held in check, so that no serious

results are feared from its
work. l. w. RUTH.

Berrien Co., Mich.

The Use of Crude Oil.

1 he most positive results
were made on pear trees
with crude petroleum,
using a kero-water pump.
This pump was not at all
times satisfactory, but the
scale was killed to a very
large extent. My experi¬
ence is that persistent use
of the oil year after year
would kill the trees. The
pump was supposed to be
set to throw 20 per cent of
oil. The past season T
have used the lime, sul¬
phur and salt wash, pro¬
portions according to the
formula of the experiment
stations, the sulphur being
dissolved to a thin paste
and poured into a barrel
with the required amount
of fresh-ground Ohio iime,
then boiling water poured
on that would produce vio¬
lent boiling by the slaking
of the lime. When the
boiling began to diminish
there would be added the
caustic soda, a little at a
time to keep it cooking as long as possible, and it
would always get the rich amber color that is desirable.
This wash was sprayed on peaches, pears and plums with
good results, but as I said, the effect was not as notice¬
able as with the crude oil. 1 shall use the lime, sulphur
and salt the coming season on most of my trees, using
crude oil on part of my apple orchard, and think it is
important to have everything ready and take advan¬
tage of all favorable weather in the Spring, when the
work can be done thoroughly. This I consider of great
importance in fighting any of the insect pests — careful,
thorough work. f. s. hall.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

Good Advice to Small Growers.

My formula is as follows: 17 pounds flowers of
sulphur, 34 pounds wood-burned lime, 13 pounds salt.
1 think it is quite essential to have the lime wood-
burned. as it gives off more heat than that burned with
coal. I use three gallons boiling water to make the sul¬
phur paste, adding the sulphur as I stir, and stirring

A GASOLINE SPRAYING OUTFIT USED TN WESTERN NEW YORK. Fig. 24.

54

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 28,

until sulphur is all dissolved. I use a cut-down oil bar¬
rel to slake the lime in; put lime in barrel, having
heavy blankets handy to cover, then pour on the lime 12
gallons of boiling water; cover the barrel until boiling
starts (which will be almost immediately) ; then add the
sulphur paste. Cover again, inserting a hoe under the
blanket to stir with, but stir only enough to keep the

THE YATES APPLE. Fig. 25.

lime from burning, and I am very careful not to have
my hands or wrists bare, for the steam is so intensely
hot it would scald any exposed flesh. T let this mixture
cook 20 minutes, then add 10 pounds salt, stirring a little.
Next T strain the mixture into a 50-gallon cask,
hanging strainer on side of cask. Strainer is a
homemade affair, consisting of a square wooden frame
with common wire fly netting nailed on bottom. I his
strainer must be emptied of its dregs two or three times
while running the mixture through. All these fixtures
are on a platform as high as the wagon box, so I can
stand on platform, and dip mixture easily with metal
pail and pour in spray barrel on wagon alongside. What
my mixing tub lacks of the 50 gallons I supply through
a hose from the kitchen boiler nearby. In handling this
mixture and the spray poles the operator always wears
rubber gloves. Great care should be exercised by
sprayers never to look directly into the nozzle if there
is any stoppage, as the high pressure of the pumps may
cause the obstruction to move, then the flow of the hot
chemicals is sudden and dangerous to the eyes. Spray¬
ers should wear goggles to protect the eyes anyway, and
it is well also to blanket the horses.

I have used the lime, salt and sulphur on apple, pear,
peach and plum, spraying each side of the row both
ways of the orchard, coating the trees thoroughly.
This is applied in March. 1 spray again with pure kero¬
sene in September; still the scales are not all killed, and
T shall have to repeat again in the Spring. '1 his method
is quite as good as any for small fruit growers, and that
is the class of readers you wish to benefit, for the large
growers have their own devices already. We need fruit
trees that are of flat-top habit, like Cogswell, Seek, Nero,
Black apple, etc., or we may adopt the renewal system,
namely, as soon as the trees become too large to reach
with the spray cut down and have young trees coming
on to take their place. I use a very powerful pump, but
with one 15-foot hose and Mistry nozzle on cannot elevate
spray more than 25 feet, or with one Masson nozzle
about 80 feet. C. E. BLACKWELL.

Mercer Co., N. J.

CHESTNUTS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS.

There are places where chestnuts succeed and places
where they fail. Here in the rich prairie soil of central
Illinois the chestnut, native and foreign, is usually a
failure, because of the short life of the tree; and in the
case of native seedlings because of lack of productiveness,
although individual trees vary much in this respect.
Single isolated trees of native seedlings seldom if ever
produce well-filled burs here, but this difficulty is mended
in a great measure by planting in rows or groves. If
it be from lack of hardiness that these natives die it
must be because they grow too rapidly, for T have heard
much of the “light chestnut rail” of northern New York
that “lasts till it blows away.” Further, as the poor,
thin, “chestnut ridges” seem best adapted to this nut
in Kentucky and Tennessee, I feel like thinking that
a soil rich in nitrogen is not the soil for the chestnut.
Here a limb or two dies, or the bark bursts, anywhere
along the stem ; the next year more limbs die, and soon
the tree is dead. We do not yet have the Chestnut weevil
nor any other insect to damage tree or fruit seriously.
There is considerable leaf spot, but no doubt this can
be controlled with Bordeaux. Most European varieties
are undoubtedly tender here. Among those I have tried
the Ridgely seems the most reliable so far and I think
it possible that it might be planted with profit even here
if one could find a reasonably expeditious way of sepa¬
rating nut from bur. Squirrels, blue jays and flickers
( yellowhammers) are also to be counted in in chestnut
growing. I had two trees of the Ridgely; one died,
but I think that both have paid for the planting, so

last Spring 1 planted 20 or 30 more. Paragon is larger
and so are many other varieties, but one after another
has died until the Ridgely is now the only named vari¬
ety on my place large enough to produce nuts in some
quantity, and 1 shall increase the planting of it.

Sangamon Co., Illinois. benj. buckman.

HOW TO HANDLE A MANURE HEAP.

Can I prevent the loss of ammonia in the following case?
We are keeping in cows and three horses. The manure is
thrown together into a covered space 10 x 40 feet, in which
are kept 20 live-months-old pigs weighing about 100 pounds
each. The lioor of t lie cow stable is cemented, so that all
of the manure, is saved. To keep the pigs warm only straw
and horse manure is spread in one place. We expect some
loss here, but wish to prevent it over the rest of the heap.
How can this be done? We notice some ammonia escaping
now. The cows receive a medium amount of bedding of
straw and refuse cut stover (straw is scarce). The pigs are
allowed to work over the cow manure; there is much corn
in it. due to mature silage fed. The horse manure and straw
are then spread over the top. Is there any gain or loss in
mixing the litter from the poultry house with this manure?

Kingsville, Q. M, o. b.

You are handling the manure in a way to have it in
excellent condition for spreading upon the fields in the
Spring, It is rather unfortunate, however, that the ma¬
nure in question cannot be drawn and spread on the land
once or twice each week, since this is certainly the most
economical method of handling the manure crop. The
losses by escaping ammonia and nitrogen gases can be
reduced to the minimum by proper handling. I his
manure heap is in a warm place, the pigs root it over,
thus admitting much air, and probably the heap is lacking
moisture, all of which tends to rapid fermentation and
decomposition. 1 suspect the heap is rotting too rapidly,
faster than the absorbents (litter) can catch the gases.
All the liquid manure should be put on the heap, and
then some water sprinkled on to hold the temperature
down, and thus check the rotting process. If 100 pounds

CLEANING WINDFALL PEACHES. Fig. 2(i. See Page 58.

of litter are used daily for the three horses and 10 cows,
there will be sufficient absorbent's. If you notice am¬
monia escaping after keeping the heap moist enough, then
use 200 to 300 pounds of dry earth daily in the stables
or on the heap. Kainit or acid phosphate may be used,
but it is no better than earth except that it is a valuable
fertilizer of itself. By controlling the temperature with
water, not sufficient to leach, using enough litter, little
use will be found for special absorbents.

1 would not add the hen manure to the heap. It is a
manure rich in nitrogen compounds, is very dry and
quickly loses nitrogen by rapid decomposition. There
seem to be special bacteria in stable manure which
attack nitrates at once, and cause losses from them. The
hen manure should be handled separately. There are
a few points, easily understood, that if kept in mind
will help anyone properly to care for the manure heap.
All decomposition in the heap is brought about by two
species of bacteria, very different from each other. One
kind works in the presence of air (aerobic), the other
will not work in the presence of air (anaerobic). These
last work in the bottom of the heap and in compact
places where the air is excluded. They work in lower
temperatures and their function seems to be to break the
more complex compounds up into the simpler com¬
pounds. The first species .(the aerobic) are the most
important. The function of these is to break the simpler
compounds down into marsh gas, carbon dioxide, ammo¬
nia and water. These require plenty of air, and work
faster when the temperature is high. Their work is
done mostly on the outside of the heap and all through
the loose manure. Water has two effects on these bac¬
teria, viz., it lowers the temperature, thus checking their
action, and it excludes the air, thus further checking
their action. Keep in mind that anything that controls
the temperature and air supply controls the rate of
decomposition in the heap, and when this is not too
fast the absorbents (litter) will catch and hold all the
by-products. a. b. Rogers.

GOOD APPLES FROM GEORGIA.

Wayman & Riegel, Pomona, Ga., sent us some fine
specimens of Yates and Terry, southern Winter apples
of fine quality. They say: “New York is unloading lots
of second grade apples on us, which are going cheap.
Our crop is short, but of fine quality this year. We are
retailing our Terry at $1.50 to $2 per barrel, while New
York Baldwins are going at $1 to $1.25. The Terry is a
rather new variety and one of the best for Georgia.
Yates is an old variety, popular in many parts of the
South.”

Both varieties are attractive in color, yellow in differ¬
ent shades, almost entirely overlaid and splashed with
crimson and dark red. The flesh of Yates is white
tinged with red next the skin, tender, juicy and pleasant.
'Terry has yellow flesh, crisp and fine-grained and parti¬
cularly pleasant flavor; quality excellent. Both are
enough better than average Baldwins to warrant the
better price received in Georgia, but probably would
not be preferred to first-class Baldwins by those accus¬
tomed to the special quality of the northern apple. If
dessert apples like the varieties named illustrated in
Figs. 25 and 27 can be produced in quantity in the
Southern States there will be scant demand for our
staple northern varieties. An excellent colored plate
with description of the Terry apple appears in the
Department of Agriculture Yearbook for 1903, pages
270—271. _ _

THE SELLING END OF FARMING.

In the Fall of 1897 I began to make butter. I had
patronized local creameries up to this time, but had come
to the conclusion that if rightly conducted the manufac-
ing of my own product would pay the best. I got
started all right, but when I came to sell I had to find
a buyer. I hunted up the local dealer, who gave me
20 cents per pound for what 1 had, and told me to come
again in a week. I went again ; he said the butter was
off, and would only give me 16 cents for it. I knew that
was too cheap if the butter was right, and of course I
was sure it was all right. I brought it home and con¬
cluded I had made a mistake after all, and could not
sell the goods after I had them. I had in the meantime
packed a crate and sent to New York. I did not hear
from that in six weeks, when I wrote the firm and got
a check. Not hearing from this crate, and not selling
the other about stopped the butter business, as everyone
had advised me that I could not sell butter if I made it.

1 had heard' of Binghamton and concluded I would see
if I could sell the butter that I had on hand at least. I
drove down on December 18, 1897, and sold the butter
readily at 21 cents, the same that 1 had refused 16 cents
for. I also contracted more for the next week at same
price. 1 kept going, gradually taking more butter, as my
neighbors found out about the price, and by Spring had
quite a business started and have made regular trips
(with the exception of one year) each week since. 1"
usually have all I can carry each way. I draw buHer,
eggs, hogs, poultry, and. in fact, everything produced on
a farm ; 1 have found two things necessary successfully
to hold trade, promptness and honesty. In fact, I have
never in over seven years missed my regular trip ; my
customers know I shall be there with the goods, and are
sure to hold their orders. I never misrepresent any¬
thing, as one mistake in that line may cost several gord
customers. Another necessary thing is to know what
goods are worth, and also the quality. If the quality
and price are right the goods will sell themselves. I
find that the dealers as a rule are honest men, and they
admire a straightforward, honest man in any line. I do
not find it so easy to keep the home end of the business
in a good condition. At certain seasons of the year
some makes of butter will be off in color or flavor, and
it will have to be sold accordingly, and when you make
returns it is hard for the producer to understand why
he did not get as much as his neighbor, who makes
first-class goods ; however, at this end as well as the
other strict integrity will hold all desirable business.
There have usually been two stores in this village, which
is five miles from a railroad, and I get goods for them
for load back, usually all that 1 can handle. I get a
slight advance over railroad rate for hauling produce to
market, and about the railroad rate with cartage added
for goods hauled home, and as a rule I give much better
satisfaction than the railroad, for there are no delays or
breakages. 1 believe there are many villages within
driving distance of many of our cities where the right

man could work up a good business and be a great ben¬
efit to the community. In my opinion the ideal method
for the man who practices mixed farming is to sell his
goods direct to the consumer. This is a peculiar branch
of the business, but will give best returns when rightly
conducted. w. j. b.

1005.

55

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

MORE ABOUT NEW ENGLAND FARM LANDS

AGRICULTURAL ADVANTAGES OF THE EAST.

Mr. Mead Comes Again.

After reading the editorial on page S in relation to
“Mr. Mead and New England abandoned farms,” allow
me to say I have not said, neither do I think, all hill
farms (as we understand that term here) are not worth
living upon. But I do say that there are many farms
on which buildings were built that under modern condi¬
tions cannot support a family, except under such grind¬
ing toil and privations as no intelligent man or woman
should submit to. Neither does a New England farm
of 50 or 100 or more acres often contain half that of
land fit for cultivation, and in many cases not 10 per
cent. Simply because a piece of land has buildings upon
it. and some one once lived there, is no reason why it
should be occupied now. The only question is, “Can it
properly support a family now, as judged by modern
farming?” Modern machinery and methods of trans¬
portation drove from our towns the small and unfavor¬
ably located manufactory, and so it has and will drive
from his farm many an unfavorably located farmer.
I believe in a better New England for our farmers, with
the leisure and comforts enjoyed by our other working
classes. Neither have I any sympathy with those so
anxious to advise and teach somebody’s else children to
stay on New England abandoned farms.

Massachusetts. h. o. head.

“Me for New England!”

As there have been several articles lately in The R.
N.-Y. in regard to so-called abandoned farms in New
England, and as I have been investigating the farm
problem for several years with a view to purchasing a
farm where I could get the best home and
good markets for the least money, 1 think
that perhaps the results of my investiga¬
tions might be of some interest to readers.

1 am formerly from New England, having
resided in all those States except Rhode
Island, so that I have a very fair idea of the
lay of the land in those States, and as I
have been here in Michigan 12 years, 1 have
a fair idea of the land and markets here.

1 have decided that, as for me, New Eng¬
land offers the most in every way for the
least money. I can buy a good farm in
either Maine, New Hampshire or Vermont,
or parts of Massachusetts and Connecticut,
in some instances including stock and tools,
for much less than the buildings cost. In
fact, I can buy a farm in New England for
$2,000 which if it were in Michigan could
not be bought for less than $8,000 to $10,000,
and the Michigan farmer in nine cases out
of ten has to depend on the commission man
to sell his crops, where in the places I have
investigated in New England the farmer is
his own commission man, and also gets a
better price for his crops than the Michigan
farmer’s commission man gets here. There
are plenty of good and bad farms in Mich¬
igan as well as in New England, and a man
can get the worst of the deal in either place,
but that is the fault of the man, not the
location. I am so fully convinced that New England is
the best place to purchase a farm to make a living on
that I am going there next Spring to buy one of those
abandoned farms. I have also inquired pretty closely
into farms in other western States, including Oklahoma,
where land and dugouts are cheap, but where buildings
cost money and lots of it. Again old New England
comes in ahead, with her comfortable well-built farm
buildings and well fenced and watered fields, nearby
good markets, schools as good as the best, newspapers,
churches, libraries, electric and steam cars, and numerous
other advantages for comfort not found in any new
country like Oklahoma. Again I say emphatically: “Me
for New England.” f. r. s.

Michigan.

New York State Feels This Boom.

Your editorial note at the bottom of the article headed
“A Western Man and Eastern Farms,” page 921, strikes
the nail squarely on the head when you say that the best
farm bargains are to be found in the East. Farms are
changing hands every day in most section^ of New York
at from one-half to two-thirds their value. Just why
this is it is hard to explain, unless having once gone
down in price they are slow to advance again. In west¬
ern States, such as Illinois, Indiana or Iowa, farms are
selling at from $100 to $150 per acre, and in many cases
the\r are in a strictly agricultural country, not close to
villages and railroads, while here in the East farming
lands of just as good quality are selling at from $50 to
$75 per acre. These eastern lands are in a more thickly
populated country, closer to towns and cities, nearer to
flipping stations and markets than the western farms,
and in many cases (hey are close to a trolley line or

macadam road. Why aren't they worth more than the
western farms? I believe their value Is beginning to
be appreciated, however, especially in some sections.
Among these may be mentioned Orleans County and sur¬
rounding territory. In talking with several different
men from that section they have told me of farms sell¬
ing from $100 to $140 per acre. I see no reason why
farms in other parts of the State that are just as good
as these Orleans County farms should not sell for as
much. If a man can make his farm pay, on an average,
10 per cent on a valuation of $100, why is his farm not
worth that much? Charles buchan.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

TELEPHONE AND TROLLEY THIEVES.

A Farmer's Detective Work.

The telephone is certainly a thief-catcher. Our trolley
line extends from Cleveland in a southeasterly direction
to Garrettsville, a distance of about 40 miles. Seventeen
miles out from Cleveland is the village of Chagrin Falls.
Between Cleveland and Chagrin the cars run on hour
and sometimes half-hour schedules, but from Chagrin
on out toward Garrettsville they run only once in about
three hours. It was this latter infrequency of running
cars that gave an opportunity for a pretty heavy job of
thieving. On a Thursday morning in December last, as
the morning car proceeded just before daylight eastward
from Chagrin, it had reached a point where for about five
or six miles the car line runs through a long stretch of
woods. It was here that the car failed to work properly,
and proceeded at a very slow and irregular pace.
“What’s the matter there,” said the conductor to the
motorman, “why don’t you go along?” “That's just
what I want to know,” was the reply, “I've turned on
an extra amount of ‘juice’, but she don’t work, and I’m

going to get off and see.” Stopping the car he sprang
off to take a look under the car, but immediately upon
alighting, his eye caught the glint of freshly cut metal.

“Some thief has been cutting these copper bonds,” he
called back to the conductor. Proceeding along the
track each way from where the car stood they examined
the track and found the copper bonds all gone. I hey
had been neatly clipped off by some sharp instrument.
Now a copper bond is a heavy piece of copper that is
round, and about one-half inch diameter, and two feet
long, and each one weighs about three pounds. I hey
connect the ends of the rails, and are necessary to con¬
vey the current back to the power house from which it
started, so that a circuit will be completed. They are
also necessary for the protection of traveling public who
cross these trolley lines. An imperfectly bonded track
is a source of great danger. A horse crossing such a
track soon after a car has passed is liable to receive a
severe shock through his shoe coming in contact with
the rail. Many such accidents have happened, and some
horses in consequence can hardly be driven across a
track. When the track is properly bonded the current
will not leave the rails, because of the better conductiv¬
ity of the copper bonds. The motorman and conduc¬
tor mounted their car after a brief investigation and
worked their way slowly along to the next telephone
station, when they notified the officials back at Chagrin
what had happened. Then there was hurrying to and fro,
and men and messages were sent in all directions where
it was thought a discovery of the thieves might be made.
But all day Thursday no clue to the thieves or missing
bonds was obtained, and all the efforts of the trolley
officials were fruitless. It remained for a keen-witted
farmer to do the Sherlock Holmes act, and make the dis¬

covery that led to the arrest of the thieves and the
recovery of the stolen bonds. Right here is where the
telephone comes in. Thursday evening was cold and
snowy. Looking out of his window Farmer Joe saw a
heavily loaded wagon slowly passing along the road in
front of his house and headed toward Chagrin Falls.
The whole outfit was easily recognized as a “sheeny
wagon.” In our local vernacular a "sheeny” is a man
who goes about the country buying old rubber boots,
old iron, old brass, old rags, old copper, or “most any
old thing.” They are undoubtedly a useful class of peri¬
patetics, and are really commercial scavengers, who buy
what we don’t want, and what we are anxious to get
rid of; pay us a little something for it and take it away.
But they all come from the great city of Cleveland, and
they all need watching while they are around your
premises. If they find no one at home they are apt to
go plundering around the premises and find something
to put aboard their capacious, wing-topped wagon box
before they drive away. Men of this character are not
uncommon in the vicinity of any large city.

Joe took a good lock at the outfit then passing his
house, and his suspicions were at once arounsed. Turn¬
ing to his wife, he said: “I’ll bet those are the fellows
that stole the copper bonds last night.”

"If you really think so, why don’t you telephone down
to Chagrin,” said his wife, with that quick intuition
characteristic of the sex. Acting on this suggestion, Joe
quickly stepped to the telephone (in his own house),
and called up the trolley depot at Chagrin.

"Hello!” he said, after being connected, “there are a
couple of sheenies coming your way. They are loaded
down heavy; shouldn’t wonder if they had your copper
aboard: might pay you to look after them.” The farmer
and the telephone did it. The trolley officials imme¬
diately acting on this friendly tip, sent out
two officers. The sheenies had turned up at
a farmhouse and asked the farmer if they
might drive in his barn and feed their
horses. “You can’t get in my barn,” said
the farmer, “for I have just filled the barn
floor with cornstalks. But right over there
in those meeting house sheds is plenty of
room. Put your horses over there and feed,
and come over to the house and get some
supper.” They did as he julvised, and it
was while they were there that the officers
came. They searched the wagon and found
436 copper bonds hidden under piles of old
rubber boots and other junk. A good bolt
cutter such as blacksmiths use was also
in their wagon. Arrests immediately fol¬
lowed, and the sheenies now await their
trial. a. r. p.

Chagrin Falls, O.

GOOD WIRE; WHERE TO BOY IT.

I have been reading your articles on poor
fence wire from time to time, and also note
the one on page 928. I think I may be able
to offer a few suggestions which will be of
value to your readers. I have made a spe¬
cial study of wire during the past two years,
as it is necessary in telephone line con¬
struction to use wire which will not
rust, and which will have good conductive prop¬
erties. We classify wire into four grades, viz., common
galvanized iron wire; steel double-galvanized wire;
B. B. annealed double-galvanized iron wire; Extra B.
B. double-galvanized iron wire. The first grade is the
kind found in all hardware stores, and sold for all
general purposes ; it is also made up into woven fence
wire. T have taken down telephone lines made from this
kind of wire which were all pitted and rusted after-
being up IS months, while lines strung with the double
galvanized steel and the B. B. iron wire, which have
been exposed to the weather for from three to 10 years
or more, are still good. The commercial or common wire
is made by the Bessemer process, and contains a high
per cent of carbon, which will not last even if it were
double galvanized. The elements soon start corrosion
on it. I have seen black iron wire in old timber
countries which had been exposed to the weather for 30
years, which was as smooth yet as if galvanized. This
wire is presumably of the annealed iron. I have no
trouble in getting these grades of wire from the manu¬
facturers, true to name and at only a small advance in
price over the other wire. The double galvanized steel
wire has about one-third greater tensile strength than
the B. B. iron wire, but the B. B. wire costs more, hav¬
ing a lower resistance to electrical currents. These
grades of wire can be made up into woven fence with
the hand machines which are common, or we can fur¬
nish the name of a fence company who have furnished
us with the B. B. wire; they could probably be induced
to make fence of this kind of wire. We can also fur¬
nish the names of wire dealers who will furnish the
good wire, with every bunch labeled and guaranteed.
These same principles apply to iron pipe. j. p.

Auburn, Iowa.

R. N-Y. — Addresses of dealers or manufacturers who
will guarantee wire are just exactly what we want!

“ALL ABOARD.” Fig. 28.

Prize Picture from Mrs. E. S. Teague.

56

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 2?,

FARMERS’ CLUR

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.!

The Value of Coal Ashes.

F. Q. 8., East Rutherford, N. J. — I use con¬
siderable coal during the Winter and sift the
ashes. What good use can 1 make of the fine
coal ashes? Can I use them as an absorbent
on droppings board of henhouse, or is it good
to mix with the manure pile?

A ns. — The coal ashes have no value as
a fertilizer, containing little if any plant
food. They are useful for mulching cur¬
rants or young fruit trees. They can be
worked into sandy soils to make them
more compact, or with heavy clay soils to
make them more open. They will answer
for the droppings board or for a dust box.
No use to mix them with the manure.
Wood ashes contain plant food — coal ashes
do not.

Sulphur Fumes for Sc b.

J. It. 8., Leavitt, X. C. — Referring to an
article in The H. N.-Y. about two years or
more ago in the Hope Farm Notes on smoking
Irish potatoes to kill the sprouts and prevent
them from sprouting, how it is done? ilow
do you arrange to get the sulphur so the
fumes will go through them and not burn the
potatoes?

Ans. — The article referred to gave the
experience of a western farmer who put
potatoes in a close room and burned sul¬
phur inside in order to destroy the scab
germs. We do not advise this method.
The scab may perhaps be destroyed in this
way, but the sprouts are likely to be killed-.
The old plan of soaking the seed in a solu¬
tion of formalin is safer and better. We
usually dust the cut seed with sulphur
when planting. Thrs will help destroy the
scab and often prevents rotting in wet sea¬
sons.

Fresh Sawdust in an Orchard.

V. N. G., Franklin, Pa. — We have a large
pile of fresh sawdust (oak and chestnut).
Can we use it to advantage in our orchard?
We have a plum orchard 10 years old. planted
12 feet apart each way. This orchard was
manured liberally last Fall. Would it be ad¬
visable to cover this with sawdust four or
five inches deep to act as a mulch? Would it
be any advantage to tramp the snow down
before applying the sawdust as a means of
holding the fruit buds in check- in the Spring?
This orchard is in sod, and is bearing abund¬
ant crops, being manured about every other
year.

Ans. — From our experience we would
be willing to put the sawdust on the or¬
chard, on top of the manure. We would
not plow or harrow fresh sawdust into the
soil. We would not put so much sawdust
on that it would kill out the sod. We
would much rather have the grass grow
and clip it off three or four times during
the growing season. We do not think it
would pay to tramp down the snow.

Duties of a Rural Carrier.

G. T). R., Candor, N. Y. — I live on a rural
free delivery route. In good going the mail
carrier makes the trip from corner No. 1 to
corner No. 4, and continues route to post-
office. When not first-class traveling he goes
to the second or third house, turns around
and going back passes corner No. 4, and I
fail to receive mail. I live about 40 rods
from corner No. 4 on route and keep road
open from my house to corner No. 4. The
highway tax of the town is paid in money.
The supervisor of town is also the postmaster.
Is the mail carrier at fault when he (on
account of bad roads) fails to make the en¬
tire trip to come from corner No. 4, the dis¬
tance of 40 rods, to deliver my mail? What
more should I do beside keeping road open
from my house to corner No. 4?

Ans. — You are informed that the De¬
partment looks to patrons and road offi¬
cials to see that highways covered by
rural routes are maintained in such con¬
dition that they can be traveled at all
seasons. A rural carrier is not supposed
seriously to imperil his life, or that of
his animals, nor to endanger his equip¬
ment or the United States mails, in an
attempt to serve his route under extraor¬
dinary conditions of weather or roads.
If some portions of the route traversed
by the carrier are found to be. absolutely
impassable carrier is allowed to deviate
from the official route to such an extent

as may be necessary to reach all patrons
by other roads, provided only a partial
service could be given were no deviation
made. In the case cited, if G. D. R.
lives on the route and has qualified as a
patron thereof by meeting the Depart¬
ment's requirements, the carrier would
be required to serve his box under the
conditions stated, provided other roads
between the initial office and correspond¬
ent’s residence could be traversed.

j. w. BRISTOW.

Fourth Asst. Postmaster General.

Cherry and Pear on One Tree.

B. J. R., Kirkwood, Del, — There lias boon a
discussion in our neighborhood about cherries
and pears maturing on the same tree. One
person said they saw both ripen on the same
tree, only at different seasons. Will cherries
and pears mature on the same tree if grafted?

Ans. — No, the cherry and pear will not
grow when grafted or budded one upon
the other. The pear, apple and quince
can be so interworked, but the union of
the apple and pear is not good, and rarely
endures more than a few years, but the
pear and quince do unite very well. That
is the way dwarf pear trees are made. The
cherry, plum and peach will unite fairly
well. They are all stone fruits. But they
do not grow one upon the other as well as
upon their own stocks. There is surely a
mistake in the assertion that cherries and
pears had been seen ripening on the same
tree. The two woods are so uncongenial
that they will not unite. h. e. v. d.

Siberian Nectarine.

A. IF., Ossian, Md. — Can you tell me any-
thing about 1 lie Siberian nectarine? Would
this tree be adapted to eastern Maryland, and
would the fruit be any good in market?

Ans. — There is no such thing as a “Si¬
berian apricot” or nectarine, but there are
Russian apricots, and they are from the
region of the Crimea, which is the extreme
southern part of Russia. These varieties
were at one time lauded as being very
hardy and of good quality, but experience
proved neither to be true in any greater
degree than of other varieties, and most
of them were not so large or of so good
quality as most of those we already had.
The trouble with all apricots is that in
the central and eastern parts of the United
States they are apt to have the fruit buds
killed by the Winter, or their blossoms
by early frosts. Then the Plum curculio
is almost sure to sting the fruit and cause
it to drop off before maturity, in case it
escapes the former dangers. Apricot
growing is a great success on the Pacific
coast. H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Oil on Trees; Cooper's Market Apple.

R. I. F., Vernon, R. C. — 1. In 1903 I cut
away body blight from two pear trees, and
coated the parts with lard oil. About Au¬
gust, 1904, I examined them, thought they
were much improved, and gave credit to the
oil. I decided to coat them all over with
raw linseed oil. which I worked well into
them. November I looked at them ; the bark
is rotten, and thus evidently dead ; can any¬
body explain? 2. Would you give me a de-
scription'of Cooper's Market* apple, its market
value, color, shape, size in inches? Small,
medium, large, are quite indefinite, and should
be deleted from all descriptions of fruit.

Ans. — 1. It is probable that the oil was
put on so heavily and rubbed in so thor¬
oughly that it killed the tender tissues be¬
neath the outer bark. Oils of all kinds are
injurious to trees, but flaxseed oil. which is
doubtless the kind used in this case, is not
so injurious as the mineral and animal
oils. No kind of outside applications can
cure Pear blight, and it is not certain that
they will in any measure prevent it. The
germs that cause this disease are imbibed
by the very tender portions of the flowers
and growing twigs. 2. The Cooper Mar¬
ket apple rarely reaches over three inches
in diameter and rarely that much. It is
usually oblate-conic in form, but in the
northwestern countries is more inclined to
be elongated, as is true of all apples. Its
color is mixed and striped red over a pale
yellowish ground. The quality is poor, and
it would not be my choice for planting
anywhere. It is very proper to describe
fruits as being “small, medium or large,”
as the case may be, because in different
sections the same varieties greatly differ
in size, and exact dimensions cannot be
given with accuracy. H. E. van deman.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CAUL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

DC APU TDCCC A full Jlneof varie-
rCAV/n I riCCO ties, new and old
APPLE T K E E S ,

Summer. Autumn and Winter Varieties.
OUNCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FK EE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK 80N& CO.. Hightst own, N.J.

rn nan UAVMAlfCD New Money-Making Rasp-
UUjl/uU n A I Ifl AWE. it berry. Net profit $400.00 per
acre. Finest catalog. W. N. tScarff, Jiew Carlisle, O.

“GREAT SCOTT”

A Wew StrawLerry

S. H. WAltUEN, Weston. Mass.

SO VARIETIES

BEST NEW and

Standard Straw'by.
Kas’by, Gripe and
Blk by plants, Vigorous. Heavy Rooted, ami
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.

A It. WESTON & CO-

R. F I). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

LOMBARDY POPLARTJ, -S'S,

First class trees 8 feet to 18 feet. CALIFORNIA
PRIVET, strong, 1 year, in quantities to suit. 20
inches to 2 feet. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

MY PLANT CATALOGUE

KEVITT’S PLANT FARM. Athenia, N. J.

Blackberries

All the best varieties. Plants superbly rooted and vigor-
ous. We suggest as a leader for every order the de-
licious RATHBUN. Largest of all, a great bearer r
aid one o f the most vigorous and hardy. Easily firstchoice I
in the market on account of quality and appearance. It I
pays to plant Wood's quality Strawberries, Raspberries, I
Currants, Gooseberries and Grapes. Send for catalogue. [
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Grower , Rochester, N, Y«

WEST MICHIGMIMTl

•bred for bearing.”

: nest

That's why we

cut all buds from the £est fruited, bearing
trees. It also insures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new ami standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. We Bell direet at
x ho'enale price*. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NTJRSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, 3fieh.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000. to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new l!K)o Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Berry Plants
all good kinds

Cat. free.

Over $200 netted last year per
acre from Parson Beauty Straw¬
berries, also, from Miller Rasp¬
berry. We sell plants enough
of eit her sort for 1 acre for $15.
SLAVM AKER & SON, Dover, Del

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collations in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 190-4.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurserlem
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established 18U 7.

FREE— Great Crops of

STRAWBERRIES

AND HOW TO GROW THEM

W§mS

Wmm

The BOOK that is worth its weight Id Gold
because it tei.s how Big Crops of Fancy
Berries can be grown every year audh-.wto
market them at a Big Profit. It contains the

Latest Discoveries in Plant Breeding

and has 1 10 beautiful engravings of berries and
berry fields, showing Actual Results ob¬
tained by progressive growers. It tells how to
Start a Profitable Berry Farm with a
small capital. Jt is invaluable to the experi¬
enced fruit grower and gives Plain Instruc¬
tions for the beginner. Don’t order your plants
until you Read This Book. It Is Free.
Send your address to the

R. M. Kellogg Co., Box 480,

Three Rivers, Michigan-

Strawberries

Grown by the pedigree sys¬
tem. Biggest and Best
Berries, and lots of them.

$2.00 a 1,000

and Upwards.

Strawberry plants by the
1,000,000, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries,
, Currants, Grapes. All the
good old and many choice new
varieties. Illustrated, deserip-
, tive catalogue giving prices and
w telling how to plant and grow them,

, Free to all. For 30 years a small fruit
specialist. 250 acres in berries.

J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N.J.

EM APPLE TREES $5.00 TO $10.00 PER 100

Currant Bushes and Grape Vines, also Poplar
Trees, for sale at bargain prices, boxed free.

These trees, plants and vines must be sold at bargain prices, as we
are overstocked with them. We have a surplus of both Carolina and
Lombardy Poplars. Help us to sell 1, 000,000 first-class trees, shrubs
and vines as described and priced in our large new catalogue, which is
mailed free when requested by postal card. Established 25 years
#100,000.00 capital. Trees true to name, boxed free. Let us price
your list before buying elsewhere. Mention where you saw this adver¬
tisement and we will mail you a copy of Green’s Fruit Magazine.

Address GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N.Y.

£Q|||V TQPPQ “Wiley, that's astonishing!” “Whatis?” “ Why, an unbroken line of
f HUI | | tlttO orders from the same pe pie for 25 Years.”

Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they
will continue to get it. Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

Box 122 II. S. Wiley 8011, Cayuga, 3XT. Y.

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

ROGERS’
are SAFE

Planters of Rogers’
Trees get Safety

Not the largest, not the oldest, not the cheapest, but the Best trees and the Safest trees money can
buv. Our Tree Breeder tells about our trees and our plan of breeding. It’s FREE.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

There’s big money in every sprayed tree for the man who knows how to do it eco¬
nomically. We have 40,000 readers— students— who are learning from our columns 1
how to grow and market luscious fruits and crisp vegetables — at a good profit too.
Special seasons need special efforts, so in Feb., 1905, we shall publish a special edition of’

THE FRUIT-GROWER

devoting 50 to GO columns to the different aspects of “spraying.” Formulas, sprayingmachin-
ery; pictures of insects and the destruction they cause; when, where, and how to kill
them and prevent loss will all be clearly dealt with without technicalities. Be
sure you get this special number. Yearly subscription 50c. Send 25c and names of
10 persons interested in fruit-growing, for a year’s trial. Our"Bro. Jonathan Series”
of ten Fruit Booklets is instructive. 25c each. You can get them free. Ask us.

THE FRUIT-GROWER CO., 1351 SO. 7th.. ST. JOSEPH, M0.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

57

Fruit for the Adirondacks.

II. .1/. IK., Potter8ViIle , N. Y. — Please give
me the names of half a dozen good apples,
three early Summer and three good keeping
Winter, for the region of Schroon Lake in
the Adirondacks. Also one or two pears and
grapes if there are any hardy enough for this
climate. Could quinces be raised here? The
soil is very light and sandy, and the season
is short. Can blueberries be domesticated?

Ans. — Yellow Transparent, Red Astra-
chan and Williams will be good for the
early apples, and McIntosh, Bethel and
Sutton will do for the late ones. Flemish
Beauty and Seckel are about the hardiest
of the really good pears. Winchell (also
called Green Mountain), Delaware and
Concord will all endure the climate of the
Adirondacks, unless it be in the very cold¬
est parts. The shortness of the warm sea¬
son may not always allow them fully to
ripen their fruit. Quince trees are about
as hardy as those of the apple, but the
fruit will rarely ripen there before freez¬
ing weather. Blueberries have been rarely
domesticated, and it is a question that
some of our most careful experimenters
are now trying to solve, as to how they
can be grown in gardens successfully.

H. e. v. D.

Apples in the Alleghenies.

J. R. C., Tclama, IK. Va. — How far south
on the eastern slope of the Allegheny Moun¬
tains in Virginia and North Carolina would
the conditions or surroundings be ideal for
the culture of choice grade, first-class Albe¬
marle Pippins and other choice market apples,
and what nature of soil is best adapted to
apple culture?

Ans. — Having traveled the entire length
of the Blue Ridge, observing the condi¬
tions for fruit growing, it is my opinion
that the Yellow Newtown apple, which is
there usually called Albemarle Pippin, will
certainly grow to perfection as far as the
southern border of North Carolina; but
only in the higher elevations. By this I do
not mean the peaks of the mountains, but
from 2,000 to 4,000 feet altitude above sea
level. This variety is one of the most
choice of its location, for the climate and
soil must both be ideal for apple culture
for it to attain its proper development and
long-keeping qualities. Where it does
well nearly all other varieties are almost
sure to succeed, except a few of the
northern standard Winter kinds, such as
Baldwin, Northern Spy and R. I. Green¬
ing, which ripen too early. The soil for
the Newtown must be rich clay loam and
well underdrained naturally. The “moun¬
tain coves’’ of the Blue Ridge, especially
those with eastern or southern exposures,
seem to be the best for this apple, and are
also excellent for others. These “coves”
are nooks or secluded little valleys and
adjacent slopes. They arc often very nar¬
row, crooked and steep. One who has
never seen the fine orchards in these
places can have but a poor idea of their
character and their peculiar adaptability
to the production of choice apples. Some¬
times the land is so steep that the fruit
has to be carried down by hand or the
barrels rolled or let down by ropes to
where it can be loaded into wagons.

H. E. V. D.

Codling Moth; Insects In Sod Orchards.

G. IK. G.j Gcrardstoicn, If. Va. — We see a
good deal about San Jose, rabbits, mice, etc.

1 believe our worst enemies here are Woolly
or Root apbis and Codling moth. Please give
us something practical as to how we can best
fight these things. Is Mr. Ilitchings troubled
much with aphis in sod?

Ans. — It has been demonstrated over
and over again by nearly every experiment
station in the country that the Codling
moth can be largely controlled by thor¬
ough spraying of the trees with a poison.
At least two applications are necessary,
the first just after the petals of the blos¬
soms have fallen and the second a week
or 10 days later. Use either Paris-green
at the rate of one pound in 100 gallons of
Bordeaux Mixture, or the arsenate of lead
at the rate of one pound in 50 gallons of
the fungicide. It is largely a question of
thoroughness of the application, and all
depends upon the man who holds the noz¬
zle. The Woolly aphis is not a serious
pest in New York on bearing apple trees,
but it does often render nursery stock un¬

salable. I doubt if Mr. Hitchings is trou¬
bled with this aphis in his orchard, but I
do not think this is due to his method of
sod culture. We have much to learn re¬
garding the effect upon insect life of al¬
lowing orchards to remain in sod, or of
keeping them cultivated. It has been dem¬
onstrated at least in the case of canker-
worms, and recently in the West in the
case of the Plum curculio, which is there
a serious pest in apple orchards, that cul¬
tivated orchards suffer much less from
these pests. It is my belief that, as a
general rule, most orchard insect pests
will not thrive as readily in cultivated as
in uncultivated orchards. Possibly culti¬
vation will affect but little the Woolly
aphis working on the roots, but in most
cases it certainly will help the trees to
flourish in spite of the aphis. Not every
one can grow apples successfully by prac¬
ticing the sod-culture method. It is an
easy matter to control the branch-feeding
form of the Woolly aphis by simply sprr.y-
ing the masses of woolly lice with a strong
kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap solu¬
tion, but it is a difficult matter to reach
the root-feeding forms. Some have re¬
ported good results from the use of to¬
bacco dust applied freely beneath the trees
by first removing a few inches of the soil,
then applying the dust and returning the
soil. M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Use for Persimmons.

K. .1. I'.. Houston i Station . Del. — Would you
give recipes for using persimmons, as this
fruit is new to us, having just moved here
a short time ago from Canada. Fruit being
scarce, and a tree of persimmons standing in j
uie yard, I wondered if some use could not
lie made of the fruit, as it is delicious to ear
from the hand, sweet, juicy and meaty, equal
to any raisin or tig. The people here make
no use of them whatever; in fact, make fun i
of them and call them “dog apples.” So the |
thought came to me to go to headquarters for
information. Will you please tell me how to
dry, preserve or can the fruit to keep it ; also
recipes for using it? Will the fruit spoil
to hang on tree until Spring, and when is the
fruit properly ripe?

Ans. — The American persimmon is a
really good fruit, except some of the very
seedy varieties, and the flesh of these is
good as far as it goes. Some of the best
varieties have been named and propagated
by grafting, and are being grown as other
cultivated fruits. There is a great differ¬
ence in the size, shape, seediness and time
of ripening of the endless number of wild
varieties. It is the common belief that
they all require frost to finish ripening the
fruit, but this is a mistake, for some of
them are so early that they ripen fully be¬
fore any frost appears. Others are so
late as to hang on the trees until Spring.

I have gathered wild persimmons in sev¬
eral parts of the country, from Virginia to
Kansas, that were soft and in delicious
eating condition in early September. The
variety called Early Golden is one of the
best. 1 saw trees of it loaded with fruit
at the farm of E. A. Riehl, near Alton,
Ill., last Fall, and have seen the same years
ago on the premises of J. W. Killen, Fel¬
ton, Del. Miller is another very large va¬
riety, but is not so bright in color as
Early Golden. There are seedless varie¬
ties, but none of them that I have seen
is large. Crosses with the Japanese per- j
simmons, which are very large, have been
attempted, and it is reasonable to expect
that we shall get choice kinds in this way,
that will be very large and as hardy in
tree as our natives.

The fruit is generally eaten in the fresh
state, but it can lie used otherwise. The
large proportion of seeds is a decided dis¬
advantage, but they can be removed by
rubbing the fruit, when very soft, in a
colander. The pulp may then be spread
on buttered plates or boards and dried,
with or without sugar, when it will be in
condition to keep for future use. It is
similar to the preparation called peach
“leather,” only richer in flavor. Tt is made
into rolls, and these cut into rings and
eaten as a confection. The pulp may be
made into a delicious marmalade. Persim¬
mons are also dried whole, seeds and all,
packed with sugar and eaten like rai-ins
or dried figs. We have stewed dried Jap¬
anese persimmons and eaten them as we
would other fruit, and thought them de¬
licious, but never tried our native kinds in
this way. The pulp of the native persim¬
mon makes a nice custard, along with
milk, sugar and eggs, as raisins and other
dried fruits are sometimes used. A sort
of beer is made from persimmons by
mashing them, mixing with water and
leaving to ferment slightly. It is then
strained or drawn off ready for immediate
use. II. E. VAN DEMAN.

G

ROWER,
to SOWER

We re not in the combination of seed sell¬
ers that has been formed to keep up prices.

We grow our seed, make our own prices
and sell direct to planters.

We're not agents for anybody’s old and stale
stocks. We guarantee ours fresh, plump and
absolutely reliable. Exceedingly low prices
on Beans. Corn, Peas, garden and field seeds.

To Introduce our Honest Seeds In Honest
Packages, we will send the following

50c

Collection of
Seeds for

16c

One package each of Early Blood Turnip Beet,
Early Turnip Radish, H.C. Parsnip, Sweet German
Turnip, Crookneck Squash, Prize Head Lettuce,
Long-Orange Carrot.Early jersey Wakefield Cab¬
bage, Beauty Tomato, Rocky Ford Musk Melon.

Write for catalog which tella how to obtain all
seeds at 3c a pkg. Put up In honest packages.

FORREST SEED CO..

34 Main St.,- Cortland, N. Y.

WJERPARD5P

WJEED. POTATOESm

I N’ew
leties

ana standard varieties. Promising new vari-
trom the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro¬
cured elsewhere. Earliest Seed Corn and
Garden Seeds from the natural home of
the potato, and the garden of Northern
Maine. Catalog free.

The Geo. W. P. Jsrrnrd Co., Cariboo, Halne.

Seeds, Plants, Roses,

Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees

The best by 51 years test, 1000
acres, 40 in hardy roses, 44

freenhouses of Palms,
'erns. Ficus, Geraniums
Everbloomlng Ronei am)
other things too numerous to
mention. Seeds, Plants, Boses,
Etc., by mall postpaid, safe ar¬
rival and satisfaction guaran¬
teed, larger by expr ss or
freight. Elegant 168 page cat¬
alogue free. Send for it and
see what values we give for a
little money, a number of col¬
lection of Seeds. Plants, Trees, Etc., offered cheap
which will Interest you.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

BOX 222, PAIMB6VILLE, OHIO.

SEEDS

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalog free.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Deot.24 Ravenna. 0.

Iacopyof £XCtSl& J9 05

Garden^ Floral Guide i
f Mailed FREE on Request!

James Vick's Son s 301 MainSt.RochesterMI

More than half-a-million copies
of the Burpee Catalogues for 1905
have been mailed already.

Have you received one? If not
it will pay you to write to-day.
Simply address BURPEE’S
SEEDS, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
and you will receive by return
mail Burpee’s Farm Annual, —
so long recognized as the “Lead¬
ing American Seed Catalogue.”
It is a handsome book of 178
pages, with elegant colored plates
and tells the truth about the

BEST SEEDS that GROW!

B UIST'S 1

GARDEN SEEDS |

m Are Reliable

Your Money Back If They Prove Otherwise

If you have a Garden you want them.
They are of much higher grade than those
generally sold. We select the earliest and
finest formed vegetables each year from the
growing Crops, the seed product of which
is sown to produce BUIST’S SEEDS.

Send for our Garden Guide 1*905

IT IS NO PICTURE GALLERY, but 148
pages of useful and instructive informa¬
tion on gardening. YOU WANT IT, and
YOU ALSO WANT THE SPECIAL DIS¬
COUNTS offered.

ROBERT MIT I ST COMPANY
4 and 6 So. Front St. PHILADELPHIA. PA.

GOOD ,,

SEEDS

jcheabJ

c

Ever Grown.

None better and none so
low in price, lc per pkt.
and up, postpaid. Finest
illustrated catalogue ever
printed sent FREE. Engrav¬
ings of every variety. A great
lot of extra pkgs.of seeds, new
sorts, presented free with every
order. Some sorts onions only 50c
' per lb. Other seed equally low. 40
ii years a seed grower and dealer and all
* customers satisfied. No old seeds. Send
_p,yourown and neighbor’s name and address
m-f for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills.

OBBLEB, Carman, Hustler, Reliance, Longfellow, Hose, Ohio,
Wonder, 85 kinds Potatoes. C. W. FORD, Fishers, N. Y.

fiDRCC CECn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
vtLU Seed. BlueGrase.KedTop, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enqubies pleasure to
answer. Let me hear trom you and your wants.
Address U. J. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Ohio.

Iflflfl nnn ASPARAGUS ROOTS -The

jUUUfUUU Most Profitable Crop grown
Seven of the best varieties described in our 96 page
Catalogue, tt is FREE to those who mention Kmal
New-Yorker. MOOUE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

NEW BLIGHT PROOF POTATO

A new seedling which we have named “HARRIS’ SNOWBALL” has proved absolutely
blight and rot proof. It yielded 324 bushels per acre by side of other varieties that amounted to
practically nothing on account of blight and rot. We offer this valuable new variety at a low
price. Write for our new Catalogue (free); it contains lots of good now things, including a
new OATS, which gave us 2,000 bushels from 19 acres.

JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y.

LIVINGSTON’S
TRUE BLUE SEEDS.

Send ns 5 two cent stamps. We then mail you 1 pkt. each Livingston’s
Beauty Tomato, Livingston s Ideal Cabbage, Livingston’s Emerald Cucum¬
ber, Crosby s Egyptian Beet and Wonderful Lettuce, and our lot page Seed
Annual. Send us back the empty bags and we will accept them at 5 cents
each on any order amounting to 50 cents or over.

THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., Box m, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

600,000

planters scattered the world over
are willing to say under oath that
Salzcr’s Earliest Vegetables are
from six to t wenty days earlier than the earliest of their kind
produced from other seedsmen’s seeds. Why! Because for
more than one-third of a century Salzer’s Seeds have been
bred up to earliness.

1 big pkg. Salzer’s Scorcher Pea 10c

m" | 1 *• “ Early Bird Radish 10c

■>A|I \1 “ “ Salzer’s Earliest Lettuce 10c
fl Vf 1 “ “ Earliest Cucumber tOo

1 “ “ Earliest Beans 10c

|X " “ 4th of July Sweet Corn 10c

(Six days earlier than Peep O'Day)

1 1 “ “ Six Weeks Verbena 15c

Total 75c

_ Above seven packages of earliest vegetable and flower novelties posi¬
tively have no equal on earth for earliness. If you wish the earliest,
finest vegetables for your home garden or for the market, Salzer's seeds
will produce them every time. We mail you above seven big packages,
together with our great plaut and seed catalogue for 85c Stumps.
„ FOR 16c. POSTPAID

We mall to you our big catalogue with sufficient seed of cabbage, celery,
lettuce, onions, radishes and turnips to grow 9000 luscious vegetables
and a package containing 1000 kernels of beautiful flower seeds besides!

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse, WIs.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 28,

58

DETAILS ABOUT THAT WAYNE
COUNTY EVAPORTOR .

On page 907 I notice an article on “A
Wayne County, N. Y., Evaporator." Would
you send me a short description of the modi-
tied hop kiln and bleacher referred to in ihe
article? o. u t.

South Berwick, Nova Scotia.

Could you get a description for publication
of the interior arrangements of a fruit drying
house, such as is referred to on page 007 ?
That is, the arrangement of t lie trays in dry¬
ing room ; the account given is too indefinite.

Seattle, Wash. J. F. c.

The modification of a hop kiln for its
adaptation as a fruit evaporator is simply
in the floor on which the fruit is spread.
For this use the floor is made of slats
seven-eighths of an inch thick, sawed one
inch wide on top and one-half inch wide
on the bottom. The floor joists are placed
3 6 inches apart, and the slats are one-fourth
inch apart. The shape of the slats pre¬
vents the spaces between them becoming
clogged with the small pieces of fruit. The
sliced apples are spread on the bare slats,
which are prepared for its reception by
being wiped over lightly with a cloth
dipped in melted tallow. It will be neces¬
sary to wash the slats from time to time,
after which a fresh application of tallow
is given, so that the fruit will not stick to
the slats. The average kiln used in this
vicinity is 16 x 16 feet, and on a kiln of
this size from 60 to 80 bushels of sliced
apples may be spread, which will make a
layer of fruit from four to six inches deep.
At any time when the slices next to the
slats are dry enough to feel tough and
leathery the fruit must be turned to pre¬
vent scorching and to facilitate the drying.

There are two styles of bleachers in use;
the horizontal and the vertical or eleva¬
tor bleacher, where the workroom is
nearly on a level with the kiln floor, as
many of them are when the kilns are lo¬
cated on a side hill. In the evaporator
shown on page 907 the peeling room is on
the ground floor, an elevator bleacher is
employed, and the bleached apples are
taken from the bleacher on the second
floor, where the slicing is done. The prin¬
cipal difference in the two bleachers is
that in former the crates of apples are
conveyed on a series of rollers on either
side of the trunk of the bleacher, which
must be tight to prevent the escape of the
sulphur fumes. The trunk is long enough
to hold from 12 to 16 bushels of apples,
which, of course, may be varied to suit
circumstances. At the end of the bleacher
where the crates enter is a pit in which is
placed the cup containing the melted brim¬
stone, sufficiently deep so that the heat
from the burning brimstone will not burn
the crates. At the end of the bleacher
where the crates are taken out is a stove¬
pipe connecting with the chimney of the
kiln. This pipe is to carry off the smoke,
so that it will not escape into the work¬
room, for here is where most of the
bleachers are placed. The opening in the
top of bleacher to receive the pipe is cut
immediately above the back of the last
crate and the front of the crate next to it.
The object of this is to have the back
draft through the last crates carry off the
sulphur fumes, so that it will not annoy
the man who does the slicing.

In the elevator bleacher each crate rests
on the one beneath it, and some mechan¬
ical power must be employed to lift them.
The lift is only the height of one crate,
and when lifted they are held by four
spring ratchets, two on either side. With
the elevator bleacher some lift with a
lever, some with a windlass and tackle
blocks, triple and double blocks being
used, while others use the geared winch.
The crates used in this bleacher are usual¬
ly about eight inches deep, 18 inches wide
and long enough to hold a bushel. Tt will
be readily seen that the shallower the crate
the shorter the lift. Tf anyone entirely
unfamiliar with the evaporating business
desires to engage in it, it would be a good
plan to get some young man from the
evaporating district of New York to super¬
intend the construction of his plant, and
the running of it for one season. There
are many competent young men here who

could be obtained for transportation and
reasonable wages.

If J. F. C, Seattle, Wash., is familiar
with the construction of a hop kiln the
above will answer his inquiry, with the
possible exception of the heating appara¬
tus. The heat is supplied by a powerful
furnace made expressly for this purpose;
eight-inch and 10-inch pipe is used, and
the piping is arranged according to the
diagram, Fig. 29. The furnace room is

usually 10 or 12 feet from floor to ceiling.
The pipe is on an incline from the furnace
to the chimney, but at no point should it
be nearer than 2p2 feet from* the floor
joists. Wooden kilns are lathed and plas¬
tered. Some are built of stone and some
of concrete. j. o. wadswokth.

CLEANING WINDFALL PEACHES.

The picture oil page 54, Fig. 26, shows
a fruit cleaning operation on J. II. Hale’s
Connecticut farm. A number of Elberta
peaches were blown off by a big wind¬
storm ; they were picked up and spread on
canvas to dry, after which they were
brushed. The picture was sent us by A.
T. Henry, of Wisconsin, who has been
studying orchard management in New
England. _

BEST METAL FOR EVAPORATORS.

II. P. M„ Albion, N. Y. — Will you settle
the question for me of the relative merits of
tin, copper and galvanized iron for maple
sugar making outfit ; evaporator pan, sap
buckets, storage tank? Some say galvanized
iron should never he used. How deep should
the evaporator pan be? Is four inches deep
enough ?

Tin is by all means the most desirable
material to be used. It will withstand the
solvent action of the sap better than either
of the other materials. There is often a
slight acidity in the sap, and in the case
of galvanized iron the galvanizing will
come off in spots, and the iron will darken
the syrup. With regard to the depth of
the pans, two inches would be deep enough
as far as the depth of sap is concerned, be¬
cause evaporators never carry that depth
in active operation, but a deeper wall
would make the pan much stiffer and pre¬
vent warping. I have never seen an evap¬
orator as shallow as two inches.

FRED. W. MORSE.

New Hampshire Exp. Station.

Galvanized iron should never be used
for the boiling pans. The fierce heat to
which they are subjected is liable to make
the zinc give off some of its metal, and be¬
come incorporated in the syrup. Serious
cases of poisoning have been known to re¬
sult from just this cause. If such pans
become scorched a little the syrup would
be a dangerous thing to use. There is
but little objection to the use of galvan¬
ized iron for sap buckets and storage
tanks, but there is also but little to rec¬
ommend it. All that can be said in its
favor is the fact that it is less liable to
rust, if made of good material, than other
metals used for the same purpose. I
would never use it for sap buckets, but its
use for storage tanks is very common, and
in no way very objectionable. Tin is the
best metal for all uses in connection with
maple sugar making. In comparison with
galvanized iron, it is much more sensitive
to heat, and is much more easily cleansed,
and no danger arises from its use. Cop¬
per is about out of the question, as its high
cost renders its use almost prohibitive. It
is also undesirable for evaporator pans,
as it is said to impart a red color to the

syrup and sugar that is in itself objec¬
tionable. Evaporator pans should be at
least six inches deep. They are some¬
times made deeper tnan that, as the sap
is liable to bubble and foam over the top
of the pans when a good hot fire is under
them. A. R. PHILLIPS.

Ohio. _

For the land's sake, use Bowker's Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — ^T3v.

Alfalfa, Clover and Other Crops doubled

by treating the seed, before sowing, with Nitro-
Cnlture. Tn< xpensive. Get my free catalogue,
it explains how. ARTHUR J. COLLINS,

Moorestown, N. J.

nainc Imnrnvori *’cco"|t'C,'oi> potatoes ti>e iv«t skew

nail 0 IlllfJI UlCU everywhere. 45 varieties of Strawberry
plniita £oo<l as prow. Asparagus Koota, Seed Corn, etc. Descrip¬
tive Catalogue FKKE. .1. W. HALL, Marion Station, M<1.

rnn CHI E—cmmson clover seed, $4,>o
run OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $2.3U bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware.

QUALITY
Apple Trees

Plant Harrison stock and plant
the best. York Imporlal, Ben
Davis, Early Harvest, Baldwin,

all varieties for all seasons. Give
us your next order and compare
trees with others

The

Ray Peach

Choice new kind. Best for mar-
ket. Fresh, delicious, with red
blush. Full, regular bearing. El-

borta, Chairs, Crawford Late,
Francos and all other good vari¬
eties come to perfection in our
climate. Send for free 1903 cata¬
log. You'll plant better trees.
HARRISON'S NURSERIES.
Box 29 Berlin. Md.

TREES

FOR FRUIT and SHADE. Flower¬
ing Shrubs, etc. Catalogue lor l'.H)5
sent FREE.

ESTABLISHED IN 184a

EDWIN ALLEN & SON, New Brunswick.. N.J.

SEND FOR our hand¬
some catalog of Trees.

Shrubs, Roses, J/' v e i- * \<£

nV

I greens, etc. We
Ideal direct.

I agents. O u r^TN> •
prices are theXoSyhj,
[lowest. f sr.

m-

Our Mr. M.

J. Wragg la |
nn expert lan cl¬
ump© gardener,

- — . and Ida aervlcea are |
f available for our cua-
tomers. M. J. Wragg I
Nuraery Co., 300 Good |
Block, Dm Molnca, Iowa.

Tlio Wew Strawberry

“ABINGTON”

The largest and most productive perfect
flowered berry for matted row on the
market. Send for circular to the Intro¬
ducer and Grower,

LESTER BLANCHARD,

Abington, Mass.

5,000,000 Strawberry Plants

of all leading varieties, also new varieties. We guar¬
antee satisfaction and safe delivery. Illustrated
Wholesale and Retail Catalogue free. Low price.
Write to-day and save money. Address
W. S. PERDUE & SONS, Box 115, Parsonsburg, Md.

WE OFFER A FINE STOCK

of the following trees and plants:

The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin?
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts?
Papershell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts,
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue.

SUMMIT NURSE KIES, Monticello, Florida.

DON’T BUY TREE8uulil

■ y0U see OUr

1905 Catalog of 62 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY
R. F. D. No. 6. Newark, New York

were awarded Two Grand Prizes,

the highest possible honors, at the St.
Louis Exposition . Our Catalogue, the
One Hundred and Fourth Annual
Edition, is by far the most complete,
most reliable and most beautiful of
American Garden Annuals. We are
offering this year the great

N0R0T0N BEAUTY POTATO

The Most Valuable Ever Introduced.

Full description and the opinions of
many high authorities who have
tested it will be found in our Cata¬
logue. which will he mailed FREE to
all interested in gardening or farming.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS,
30 Cortlandt St., New York.

103 years in the business.

S Garden. Field and Flower Seeds,
Clovers and Timothy, Heard less Spri ng
Harley, Hlne Grass, Orchard Grass,

E Red Top, etc. We can also offer Feeding
Corn, Hominy Feed nndOats in car lots track
your station. Write for Field Seed Price

S List, also 1905 Annual Seed Cat ilogue mailed
free.

THE HENRY PH1LLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.

115-117 St. Clair Street. Toledo, Ohio.

10c for Forty-page Booklet

“EXPERIMENTS IN FARMING.”

Something aliont alfalfa; strawberry growing : sorghum a
stock food; directions lor laying cement, etc. Thirteenth thousand.

Address WALDO F. DROWN, Box 8, Ox ford, O.

CEND

U “EX

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presquo
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

SEEDS

i — Now write plainly to me the names
and full addresses of a number of
persons who buy Garden Seeds,
and I will carefully keep trace of them, and favor
tbemwitn lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh
tested. Northern-grown Seeds of all kinds, direct
from best rulta bio growers who won Gold Medals at
St. Louis Exhibition, and I will send to you at end of
season live (i>) percent, of the total amount of their
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily
earned. Special terms for January.

F. W. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio

Wholesale Grower and Importer

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The host shipping and selling tomato ever Introduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or$I 00 per oz., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, YVyandance, !.. I., N. V.

Long Island Cabbage Seed
American Cauliflower Seed

And other special seed stocks.

FRANCIS BRILL, Grower,

Hempstead, L. I., New York.

rTWO IMILLION-t

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees,
Klberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Wi ite to¬
day. it’s sure to save you money.

■■M J.W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md. _

A CUCUMBER

Here s one worth talking about. We wish to Acquaint you with
Ruwion’i New Hot Home for forcing in greenhouses and hot beds.
Phis is a superb variety of forcingcucumber. Perfect in color, form and
size. It pays to buy from the growers. Our valuable 1905catalogue of
Aiiington Tested Seeds mailed FREE on request. Write for a copy*

W. W. RAWSON <fc CO., Seedsmen and Market Gardeners
and 13 Faneull Hall Square, Boston, Muss.

DIBBLE’S NEW POTATOES

Karly Manistee for early. Ionia Seedling for late; the heaviest yielding potatoes introduced in 20 years.
New Eighty-Day Dent Corn, Mammoth Yellow Flint and Twentieth Century Oats, the York State variety that
yielded 125 bu. per acre, and 50 other kinds of Farm Seeds fully described in our New Catalogue. FKKE.
Address EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, lloneoye Falls, New York.

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID.

Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach
and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,
true to name and Fumigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholes* le
prices. Remember we HEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva, N. Y.

We have a large surplus of AppiET TDCPC ever grown in this country
some of the best varieties of 1 l\CCO and offered at right prices.

Northern Spy, Valuable for top-working; Newtown Pippin, Gano, Fallawater, Baldwin, R. I. Green¬
ing and others. Low prices by the quantity. P aeh and other Fruit Trees thatwillplea.se. Send
.or our Catalogue. BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO., Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

1905.

59

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NEW
YORK STATE FRUITGROWERS'
ASSOCIATION.

The fourth annual session of the New York
State Fruit Growers was held at Geneva. N.
Y.. January 10-11. There was a large attend¬
ance. the Opera House being well filled at
every session. Among the visitors from out¬
side the State were Prof. L. R. Taft, Agricul¬
tural College of Michigan; A. McNeill. Chief
of Fruit Division. Department of Agricul¬
ture. Ottawa, Can., and Gabriel lleister, Penn¬
sylvania. These visitors all addressed the
convention and added much to the interest by
an interchange of greetings from similar or¬
ganizations in neighboring States and Prov¬
inces. The display of fruits was about the
same in extent as last year, but was of a
higher grade, those shown by the State Ex¬
periment Station being of better size and
shewing it much higher color and finish. The
Station showed 22." varieties of apples, 16 of
pears, 55 of grapes and four of quinces. The
grapes were in a good state of preservation
for the season. There were a number of
seedlings originated by Prof. Beach at the
Station, which give promise of merit. A va¬
riety of apples was shown which was orig¬
inated by crossing Ben Davis with Wagener.

The best individual exhibit was by M. F.
Pierson. Seneca Castle, N. Y.. who showed
about 100 varieties. Ilis fruit was all well
grown and highly colored, and very tastefully
arranged on the tables. Prof. Parrott, ento¬
mologist at the Experiment Station, had a
display of 24 pyramids of apples, built upon
the floor, showing the actual results of fight¬
ing San .Tost* scale and apple scab. There
were probably more than 100 bushels of apples
shown in this one object lesson. This exhibit,
taken in connection with Prof. Parrott's ad¬
dress at Opera House, formed a strong edu¬
cational feature of the meeting, and was
closely studied by many of those in attend¬
ance. Prof. Parrott also had a collection of
small limbs of apple, pear, peach and currant
infested with scale and illustrations of the
scale in all its forms greatly enlarged. Prof.
Stewart had an educational exhibit consisting
of the product of three rows of potatoes. The
first, not sprayed, yielded at the rate of
1 til bushels per acre ; the second, sprayed
three times, gave a yield of 350 bushels; the
third, sprayed five times, gave 380 bushels.
Prof. Stewart nlso had two powerful micro¬
scopes with which he showed the growing
spores of the different forms of fungi which
cause t ho rot of t he potato, plum, apple and
other fruits. The display of spraying ma¬
chines was large, and varied from t he small
knapsack to the powerful gasoline engine.
There seemed to be but little improvement in
pumps or nozzles over last year's patterns.
An air-cooled gasoline engine shown for the
first time at these meetings seemed to be of
simple construction, and was low in price.
'I he machine, which uses carbonic acid gas for
power, seemed to have made many friends
during the year.

The session at t he Opera House opened
with an address of welcome by (’. L. Seoon,
of Geneva, and a reply by John T. Roberts, of
Syracuse. Mr. Roberts dwelt on the different
branches of the fruit industry which center
in Geneva. The large fruit farms, the can¬
neries, t he extensive nursery business, and
lastly, t he experiment station, with its thou¬
sands of varieties of fruit, all tend to make
the very air of the place sympathetic with
our profession. He compared • the apple crop
of New York State for 1004 to the pyramid
of Egypt, which was 400 years in building.
The climate of New York combined with New
York energy and enterprise, had produced in
one year apples enough to make a pyramid
larger than that of Egypt. President Wil¬
son's address gave a survey of the fruit crop
for tiie year past; touched the labor problem,
tlie scarcity of help; suggested more storage
houses for apple and pears, so t ho sorting,
packing and marketing could lie done more
leisurely and with cheaper help. lie said
t ho crop reports had proved reliable, and
were the means of forcing the buyers to pay
reasonable prices for apples; $100,000 was a
conservative estimate of the value of these
reports to the New York State farmers. The
amount saved to Hie members by the co¬
operative buying of fertilizers and spraying
chemicals was several thousands of dollars,
lie called attention to the influence this As¬
sociation exerted in securing the appropria¬
tion of $250,000 for agricultural buildings at
Cornell and for securing t he defeat of the
Gatlin hill, which was intended to cripple
our Experiment Station, lie believed that the
influence of the society should be used for a
parcels post, and to introduce the teaching
of agriculture in our secondary schools.

The report of the secretary showed that
there have been since t ho organization of the
Association 1,197 different members, but not
all have kept their dues paid up: $945 has
been received during the year from members.
The report of t he executive committee gave
the volume of business done in fertilizers and
spraying chemicals, as follows: 1 ,135 *4 tons
of fertilizer; 1,139 pounds white arsenic;
(553 pounds Paris-green; 1,725 pounds sal
soda: 2.665 pounds copper sulphate: 24,850
pounds sulphur: 1,685 pounds arsenate of
lead. A very careful estimate shows a sav¬
ing of over $5,000 on fertilizers, and $2,500
on spraying chemicals.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

••

The principal addresses were by Prof. S.
A. Beach, on “What Constitutes a Variety;”
Prof. Taft, of Michigan, on “Commercial
Apple Growing:” Miss Anna Barrows, of
Boston, on “Fruits in Cooking." and Mr. Mc¬
Neill, on “The Trend of Modern Fruit Grow¬
ing." Prof. Beach's paper was of value to
the student of pomology, but of little interest
to the ordinary fruit grower. Prof. Taft's
address was along the lines usually pur¬
sued by most up-to-date apple growers, cover¬
ing the points of varieties of soil and location
of orchard, selection of trees and varieties;
the treatment of trees while young, pruning,
spraying, fertilizing and tillage, the use of
cover crops and mulch. Miss Barrows occu¬
pied most of the evening session and though
her large audience was mostly composed of
men, who are not supposed to be specially
interested in her topic (at least until it
comes to the finished product), she presented
the subject in such a pleasing manner as to
win and hold the attention and interest of
everyone to the end. She explained the work
of the schools of domestic science in cooking,
needlework, studies of bacteria and sanitary
science, and showed how cooking and hor¬
ticulture can help each other. She said that
women are learning to choose food on its
merits, and not by the appearance of the
package or by size and attractive appearance
alone. She said that it was a mistaken idea
that meats are so essential to hard-working
people, experiments having shown that fruits
and vegetables can take the place of meats to
a great extent and are more healthful. She
gave many useful hints as to the use of fruits
in the preparation of food. She also sug¬
gested that it would be well if the growers
and shippers of fruits would give instruction
to consumers how to prepare and use fruits
in combination with other foods, as do the
various cereal companies. Dr. Jordan, from
his usual accurate knowledge, emphasized
some of tlie strong points in this address.
Mr. McNeill, Ottawa, Gan., brought greeting
from a sister organization across the border,
and congratulated us on being leaders in the
movement to devote these State meetings to
tlie business end of fruit growing, discussing
tlie problems of storing, packing, transporta¬
tion and selling, leaving tlie discussion of the
details of production to the smaller gather¬
ings, like farmers' clubs and institutes. They
hold in Canada 125 Winter meetings and 50
Summer orchard meetings for this purpose,
and expect the attendance of tlie experts only
at their annual gathering, which corresponds
to our State meeting. Commercial apple
growing is moving northward in Canada.. A
large proportion of the million bearing trees
in tlie 10 counties bordering on Lake On¬
tario are being cut down, and the young or¬
chards are being planted in northern Canada.
The apples grown in tlie North will keep with¬
out cold storage, while those grown near the
lake will not.

Six students of the class in pomology at Cor¬
nell University entered into a contest for a
prize in judging apples by score card. Prof.
Taft, of Michigan, scored tlie fruit first. The
winner of tin* first prize, Mr. Loop, of North
East, Pa., varied less than one per cent from
Prof. Taft's score. A pleasant feature of
tlie last session was au attempt to add 10
names to the list of life memliers at $25
each. Tlie executive committee felt the need
of about that amount of money to allow them
to do tlie work of the year unhampered by
debt. Mr. Dawley took the matter in hand
and with skill equal to that of Chaplain Mc¬
Cabe, in a few moments secured 15 life
members. The officers of the previous year
were ail re-elected, and I.oekport chosen as
the next place of meeting.

E. C. (ill.r.ETT.

WE WANT TO KNOW.

Coai, Tak for Paint. — Our cemetery fence
was painted three years ago with lead and oil
paint, but shows rust. One who thinks he
knows says brush the fence over with coal tar,
tlie tar to be kept warm enough so it will
spread. Will the Ruralites tell what they
know about it. or if they know nothing then
say what they think? i. N.

Danby, Vt.

Lighting Farm Buildings. — I want the
experience of readers on lighting farm build¬
ings. Will some one give experience with
gasoline or acetylene gas? w. s. s.

Nashua, N. II.

Effect of Stock. — I think the blush on
tlie Greening (page 34 j is not caused by the
effect of the Baldwin stock, but is probably
caused by the mixture of pollen from the
Baldwin. Even this, however, occurs very
seldom, only once in a long time. Since it
does occasionally happen, why can we not find
out how it happens, then use this knowledge
and cause it to happen? i have known a
Golden Sweet to be crossed by a Golden Rut-
set and the apples to lie partly russet in dis¬
tinct lines. This never happened again on
this tree. The seed of the cross should be
planted by all means, and see what we get
from it. I have seen that Colorado Seedless
apple and consider it of no value. It is too
small and of poor quality and color.

Missouri. L. A. GOODMAN.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 14,

No Money
In Advance

Special Offer to Readers of

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

To any responsible farmer or other thor¬
oughly responsible person we will ship

ON FREE TRIAL

Our Victor Royal Talking Machine
and your choice of one dozen Victor
Records. (Lowest net cash price every¬
where $20.)

If not satisfactory, return machine by ex¬
press at our expense and we charge you
nothing; the trial is free.

But we know you will be more than pleased
to keep the VICTOR— and— if, after 48 hours’
trial at your home, it is satisfactory send us
$5; balance of $15 payable in 6 installments of

$2.50 A MONTH

P A f-r AY> bother with C. O. D.
■L\t'TilCTilUZ.r fto guarantee from, third
parties; no lease or chattel mortgages; no
interest charged on payments. We will trust
any responsible person to pay as agreed.

$20 is the lowest net price at which a genu¬
ine Victor Talking Machine and one dozen
Victor Records can be bought today any¬
where and the Victor is tlie best there is.
Do not confuse this with toy machines. This
instrument has a spring motor, oak cabinet
and the best reproducer made. It will play
any disc records; Anybody can play it.

TALKS! LAUGHS! SINGS! PLAYS!

You can hear the best bands, choruses,
operas, soloists, comic songs, comic recita¬
tions. etc., all in your own home. Write today
for free catalogue and list of 2000 records.

The Talking Machine Company,

107 Madison Street, Dept. 4 A Chicago, 111.

CRCC to those who already o wn a Victor ; 25
IflLL of our new soft tone, non-scratching
needles. Write for free sample package. Char¬
ges prepaid on Victor and Edison Records.

WALL PAPERS

Save Y our Money

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY

SAMPLE BOOKS FREE

for postal. Instructions how to deco¬
rate your home and hang your wall
paper.

We defy competition and guarantee
satisfaction.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER & SUPPLY CO.

275-289 Greene Street,
GREENPOINT, Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE NIAGARA GAS SPRAYER

will handle

LIME, SULPHUR, SALT

to perfection.

No Valves to Cut,

No Packing to Wear,

No Piston to Grind

TITTERINQTON BROTHERS,

Wholesale Dealers in Domestic Fruits
and General Merchandise.

ST. CATHARINES, ONT.

October 4, 1904.

Niagara Sprayer Co.,

Middieport, N. Y.

Gentlemen:— In reference to the Niagara Gas
Sprayer purchased of you last spring, 1 must say that
l ain very well pleased with it. I used the Lime. Sul
phurand Salt Mixture and, thanks to the Sprayer,
did one of the finest jobs of spraying 1 ever saw done,
almost completely killing out the scale on a very
badly infected plum orchard. Yours respectfully,
JAMES TITTERINGTON.

A postal with your name and address will bring
our catalogue.

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO.,

39-41 Perry Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy— cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
compresaei air to spray % acre. W« manu¬
facture the largest line in America of hlgfc
grade hand and power sprayer*. Catalog free.
Write us If you want agency.

E. C. BROWN A CO..

BBS State St., Rochester, N. Y.

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue.

WILSON BUOS ., Sole 21fr». , Dept. N ka.tuo.t*,.

THE HIGHEST MARK
OF MERIT GIVEN

AT THE WORLD’S FAIR

on farm implements was captured by the Johnston Harvester Co.’s Ex¬
hibit of binders, mowers, disk harrows, disk cultivators, headers, tedders,
rakes, etc. When it is understood that to get this Grand Prize Award
these implements must score between 95 and 100 points in value of useful¬
ness, construction, improvements, quality, and superiority, over all
competition, which included makes of many of the largest manufacturers
in the world, it will be clearly evident ttiat the Johnston line
of farm implements are the kind to buy. It proves conclusively that

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER GO.

in their 55 years of implement making have attained a skill unequalled
by anyone else. It proves that the buyer of Johnston implements gets
the best that are made. It proves that they embody all that go to make
implement perfection. Suppose you write for our new 1905 catalog and see
these Grand Prize Winners — see the points of superiority that won such
high distinction— see these points of advantage which no other makes
possess. See these points of merit which have been worked out for your
benefit, and get posted. It will save you money. It’s free. Send today.

The Johnston Harvester Company, Box C-1. Batavia, N. Y.

6RAND PRIZE

a mai o(o ro

TheJohnstM flirvester Ca.

BAWVU.NY. UiJL

fOB

fakcs.Te6m.Disc
Hairwrj ltd Disc CuitiVaUn.

cn^rr ’

y«( 4

12 Days in a Week

Planet Ir T r\pil k enable yon to do two days’ work in one, easier, cheaper, better, with less
, . ■ V. S fatigue. /! hey pay for themselves in a season. Write to-day fora free copy

or the famous l#Oo I lunet Jr. Catalog, a finely-illustrated, instructive handbook every planter ought
to have. Describes entire Planet Jr. line. Including seeders; wheel hoes; hand, one and two-horse oulti-
vators; harrows; sugar beet cultivators, etc.

or Pomkino^ QddJoi* i8 a hill and drill seeder, single or double wheel hoe, a

“O* V/VJlllUlIlcU oceuer cultivator, a plow. Marks; sows in continuous rows

or hills ; loosens soil ; kills weeds ; cultivates all depths ; furrows ; ridges, etc. W orks between or astride
rows; to or from plants. Extremely light running; changes made almost instantly. Its wide range of
usefulness makes it a favorite everywhere.

C Hrwst. Hne is a remarkably efficient Culti-
1 ’ » ivji sc line yator and Hoe, meeting per¬

fectly the many needs for which it is intended. Extra-high
still steel frame, with interchangeable non-clogging, self¬
polishing standards. Closes to 9 and opens to 25 inches.

Patent depth-regulators ; adjustable handles ; reversi¬
ble hoes, ami many other exclusive features

lie sure to get the cutulog.

S. L. ALLEN & CO.,

Box 1107 V,

Philadelphia, Pa.

No. s

Horne

Hoe.

DON’T BOY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Leu to Buy and Leu to Bon. Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. SBND fok Catalogue THE TEMPLE PUMP OO-, Mfrs., Meagher A 15th Ht*., Chicago, THIS1SOUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,**

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to
Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost — portable, sta-

6o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 28,

A. .A. A. .A. A. .A. .A. .A. A A A. A. »

Ruralisms ;

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

About Tree Seeds. — Vast numbers of
seedling trees are grown by foresters and
nurserymen here and abroad. The com¬
merce in tree and shrub seeds is in conse¬
quence large and steadily growing, as the
desire for ornamental planting and the ne¬
cessity for reforesting denuded lands in
many countries becomes more pressing.
Owing to the greater development of the
science of forestry in Europe dealers over
there have long offered extensive collec¬
tions of tree seeds gathered from the tem¬
perate parts of the world, and annually
import in quantity many desirable Amer¬
ican kinds. There is always a great call
for acorns of the White oak, as this fine
timber tree grows well abroad, but it is
exceedingly difficult to transport the seeds
in sound condition. Acorns of white and
several other species of native oaks natu¬
rally start into growth as soon as mature
in Autumn, making roots several inches
long before freezing weather if they lie on
or are buried in the soil. The leaf sprout
or plumule does not appear until Spring,
hut the root or radicle quickly pushes from
the ripe acorn under the influence of the
slightest moisture, such as the natural
“sweating” or condensation when packed
for transportation. If allowed to dry they
quickly perish, so that the problem of get¬
ting them safely over seas is so difficult
that it has practically been abandoned.
Some European governments do not per¬
mit the importation of nursery trees or
seedlings from America, on account of
supposed danger from phylloxera and San
Jose scale, and in consequence planters and
foresters there must go without the valua¬
ble White oak except as it can be grown
from naturalized trees. The chinquapin
or hush chestnut is almost as difficult to
handle, but it is in small demand, being
of general interest only as an ornamental.
Certain soft, early-ripening seeds, as those
of the Silver and Red maples, and most
species of elm, are so perishable they can¬
not well he kept in stock, hut must be or¬
dered in advance, and planted as soon as
received. Others do not germinate quick¬
ly, and can he preserved a long time if
stratified or stored in moist sand to pre¬
vent drying out, but must be carefully
guarded from undue heat while in stock,
or during transportation. Many kinds, on
the contrary, must he stored perfectly dry.
Evergreen seeds, as a rule, keep best mixed
with dry sand until time of sowing, which
should not be unnecessarily delayed. Very
fine seeds like those of the Azalea are
best kept in the pod or capsule, and quite
a number, among which are the various
roses, are best preserved when dried up in
the fruit. There are many collectors of
tree seeds in this country who yearly
make offerings to nurserymen and dealers,
but practically the only full assortment
offered to the public is that listed by J. M.
Thorburn & Co., New York, in their an¬
nual seed catalogue. A most comprehen¬
sive collection of seeds of evergreen and
deciduous trees and shrubs is offered by
this firm at prices varying from 35 cents to
$12 a pound, according to variety. Ounces
or packets of every kind may be had for
amateur use from 10 to 25 cents each.

An Odd Experience. — A botanical col¬
lector of our acquaintance had an un¬
looked-for experience in filling an exten¬
sive order for seeds of Pitch pine, Pinus
rigida, from an agent of the Austrian
Government. The seeds were wanted al¬
most by the ton for planting waste sandy
lands in the valley of the Danube. It was
necessary to fill the contract with dispatch,
so the barn, cribs and outbuildings of an
unoccupied farm near the “pine barrens”
region of southern New Jersey were leased
for storage and all the available school
children of the neighborhood engaged to
collect cones during available hours. The
cones soon came in by the wagon load,
and were thrown in the corncribs to cure.

As the weather was quite moist at the
time they were tightly closed, and naturally
settled very close together. A short pe¬
riod of dry weather followed, and the
cones, as pine cones will, expanded with
great force and bulged the walls of the
buildings. A foggy and rainy interval fol¬
lowed, during which they closed and bed¬
ded down more compactly than before, but
this was followed by a mighty expamion,
when the weather again cleared, that al¬
most wrecked the buildings. So rapid
were the alternations of drought and mois¬
ture that collecting had to be stopped and
some expense incurred for repairs when
the buildings were finally cleared. The
cones had become so compactly interlocked
that a pick was used to get them out. In
getting conifer seeds out of the cones the
usual method is to spread the ripe cones
loosely on a dry floor and beat the seeds
out with light blows of a flail or stick
when well opened. Sometimes they must
be dried by fire heat. The seeds are
cleaned by running through a fanning mill
This method was followed in this instance
and a fraction of the order filled, but it
proved impracticable to find safe storage
for enough cones, before the seeds were
naturally shed, to yield the large amount
wanted.

The Pitch Pine. — Pinus rigida seeds
are quoted at $3.50 a pound retail, and
probably represent fully that amount in
cost of labor in collection and preparing.
Though not much planted in this country
the species is quite ornamental when young
and well-grown. It has some value as a
timber tree, and is extensively used as
mine props and as framework in rough con¬
structions. It will grow in poor and sandy
soils, and shares with the western red¬
wood the property, almost unique among
conifers, of suckering or sprouting near
the base when the top is destroyed by fire
or accident. When closely cut it does not
sucker, and the stump rapidly decays. It
is one of the hardiest of all evergreens,
and grows well in full exposure. It will
probably be used in the near future for re¬
foresting barren fields and reclaiming
waste sandy lowlands near the seacoast
and large water courses, in which localities
it thrives vigorously. Well-grown trees
reach 80 or more feet in height, and occa¬
sionally two feet or more in diameter, but
they usually do not exceed 40 to 50 feet in
height. The nearest western relative is
P. ponderosa, the Bull pine of the western
Rocky Mountains. The Bull pine is quite
similar in appearance, but immensely
larger, growing 150 or more feet high. The
Pitch pine of the South is the Yellow or
Long-leaf pine, P. palustris. It is scarcely
hardy north of Virginia. w. v. f.

An Old Farmer Talks. — As an old farmer,
I would like to give a few items to my young
brother farmers of the State to economize in
expenses while labor is so scarce and high.
For the. corn crop we make a good seed bed,
plant with a planter, go to cultivating as soon
as will answer, and keep at it until the corn
is two feet high : cut it as soon as it is well
glazed, let it. stand in stout until it will an¬
swer to house. We consider the work then
about done. We husk no corn excepting for
seed. We cut corn and stalks up together; it
is carried by elevator to the loft, dropped into
a fanning mill, and is separated. The corn
drops in barrels, the cut cobs by themselves,
and the stalks and leaves by themselves for
fodder, and it is all done by machinery. We
have a six horse power steam engine that does
the work. We cut corn in one-fourth inch
length ; it then drops into a grater that tears
every kernel from cobs, and then goes to the
elevator. We have cut 40 stouts of corn in
15 minutes. Now for the result. There were
three barrels of shelled corn, about as much
more of cut cobs by themselves, and pile of
fine fodder, and all done by myself and son
in t lie 15 minutes. We thrashed 2,500 sheaves
of rye and drew nearly four tons of straw to
market, four miles away, the same day. We
can saw all of the wood we can handle, and
we grind all of our grain we want for feed
and some for neighbors. We can grind about
20 bushels an hour, and do most of power
work with the engine.

New York. Isaac van dewerker.

t/j

h

U

in

(M

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N)

U1

o

H

C/>

When you write advertisers mention ThE
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 14.

HOWTO RID YOUR ORCHARD
OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

PATKNTKD JUDY 5, 1904,

CONCENTRATED I.IME-SCLFH U K WASH

Dilute One Gallon of “ CONSOL” with
Forty Gallons of Water. No Cook¬
ing. No Wasting of Material.

See IRON-CLAO GUARANTEE
in Our Booklets.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OIL SOAF*.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN

QPRAYINft CDAR for Power Sprayers. Other Or-
OrnHIinu OlHfi, chard Necessities. Write for

catalogue and prices. W.H. OWEN, Port Clinton, O.

CIDER

PRESSES.

Investigate the“ Monarch’
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
struction, Added Con¬
veniences, Maximum
Capacity and Results.
Catalogue free.

MONARCH MACHINERY COMPANY,
41 Cortlandt Street, New York.

Turn your fruit

into Dollars.

A Fruit Orchard sprayed three
times in a season with a Spranio-
tor will give you 8o% more fruit.

TheSPRAMdTOR TtS

purpose a good Chemicals. It is
recommended by Government ex¬
perts and Experimental Farms
everywhere. Best of all it pays for itself. Write
for booklet “A". It givesfuil particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO.

Buffalo, n.y London, Canada.

AGENTS WANTED.

GRASS SEEDERS i!± pKI

r-/%_ and up. Particulars and cuts free.
OUC. SEEDKK MFC. CO., Box 4. Homer, Mich.

The quality and quantity of the
crops depend on a sufficiency of

Potash

in the soil. Fertilizers which are
low in Potash will never produce
satisfactory resuits.

Every farmer should be familiar with the
proper proportions of ingredients that go to
make the best fertilizers for every kind of
crop. We have published a series of books,
containing the latest researches on this all-
important subject, which we will send free
if you ask. Write now while you think of
it to the

GERMAN KALI WORKS
98 Nassau Street, New York.

Hardie
Spray Pumps

Pesr Bffected by the San
Jose Scale which annual¬
ly destroys ?: to, 000, 000
worth of fruit.

are the fruit growers best
protection against all In¬
sects and diseases which
attack fruit trees. The
Hardie Spray Pump is the
simplest, strongest, most
durable andhighestpres-
sure spray pump made
and "it works so easy."

Send today for our free
book on Spraying giving
all the best formulas and
Information about how the successful fruit
growers make big money. Just a request on a
postal will bring this valuable book.

HOOK-HARDIC CO.

111 MECHANIC ST, HUDSON, MICH.

With the 4

ORCHARD

Monarch

SPRAY.

_ "y Automatic Compressed Air

Sprayer, No hand labor — has agitator and bru«he« for
£ cleaning Btrainera. Our free book tells about It. “No swindled feeling”

■ If you buy our pumps. We .laora.lt. the Empire Kino, Car-

■ field Knapsack and othsrs. **

I^JEU^ORC^UM^C^^^Ithst^lmlraJGY.

-THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 pal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze bull
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pumprightorleithand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Spraver combined.
\\ e make 20 styles sprayers. \V rite for Catalog.

THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

Henion & Hubbell, West’n Agts., Chicago.

SPRAY

for scale with the WALLACE
SPRAYERS. Noexpense for power
Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, Ill.

LOADED

with

Sm 'MEND-A-RIP’

Docs all kinds of Light and heavy Stitching

Does all kinds
light and
heavy riveting

Savr tub Prici Of Ithklf
Many Timkh a Year. A Perfect
Band Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show it Meant* a Sale. Agents
make from $8 to #15 u day. One
made |20 first day and writes to hurry
to him. Write for special agents' prioe.

Foundry Co., Frederick to wn, O,

Great Agents Supply House.

9 CORDS IN I O HOURS

BAW8 DOWS
TREES

BY ONE MAN. It’* KING OF THE WOODS. 8nve» money and
backache. Send for FKEE illus. catalogue showing latest improve*
ments and testimonials from thousands. First ord**r secures agency.

Folding Sawing Mach. Co., 16 So. Clinton'St., 'Chicago, 111.

OUR NEW CATALOGUE

“HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS FOR 1905”

will be r.ady for distribution next month. It will be sent free to any address.

IP YOU A-IIE GrOIMGr TO USE ANY

COMMERCIAL

FERTILIZERS

next SPRIMG, tHis Boob, wzill interest you.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OF

HUBBARD’S “BLACK DIAMOND” FERTILIZERS,

Middletown, Conn.

AGRICULTURE,

HORTICULTURE, DAIRYING AND ANIMAL INDUSTRY

thoroughly taught at your own home by twelve of the finest experts employed by the
United States Agricultural Department. If you wish to learn scientific f rming but can¬
not afford to leave home to attend college, send for our Agricultural Catalogue and learn
bow you can secure this education by mail with very little r xpense. Mention this pu^er,

Columbian Correspondence College, Washington, D. C.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

61

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Matters. — January thus far has been
much more favorable for farm work than last
year. While the weather is cold the sun
shows itself now and then, and the snow has
disappeared, except for little drifts along the
north side of fences and walls. At this time
last year we were overwhelmed by snow and
frozen solid with frost, while the sun was on
a strike. This open weather enables us to do
many odd jobs which will make Spring work
come out even later on. January will see the
shingling all done and fence posts all ready.
Then if the sun will give us a chance we can
begin painting and patching, and take March
for clearing up and getting ready for spray¬
ing and planting. In former years too much
of this odd jobbing has chased us into May or
June, Interfering with work which should be
done at that time. . . . The stock is win¬

tering well. Just now we are feeding the oat
and pea hay. Old Major enjoys this fodder — •
it is like a ham sandwich among horse forage.

I sometimes wonder why fruit growers do not
raise more of it for stock feed. We get a
good yield and can either seed to clover with
it: or plow the ground after cutting, and sow
turnips, or even plant cabbage. One year we
raised a fair crop of potatoes after oats and
peas, but this cannot l)e safely recommended.
The oats and peas make a good crop to grow
before seeding to grass on the Clark method.

I think the peas add at least 30 per cent to
the feeding value of the oats. I have been
asked so many times how oats and peas are
seeded that I give our way once more. We
sow 1 Vt bushel of Canada field peas per acre
on top of the ground, and put them under
with a small plow or disk. Then, on the
rough furrows, we sow three bushels of oats
and work them in with an Acme harrow. On
light soil we roll to finish the job. We have
had good success in seeding to clover or grass
with t lie crop, but many complain that the
smaller seeds are smothered out. . . .
Now that the snow has gone I find a fair
stand of Alfalfa. I do not think the danger
is over yet, though I never before had it get
along as far as January. 1 hope it will live
through. If it doesn't 1 shall go at it again
on the same soil. . . . The hens are lay¬

ing fairly well. Emma Is the hen woman,
and she leads the neighborhood in the pro¬
duction of eggs. 1 cannot say that all her
methods of feeding are strictly in line with
t lie principles laid down in “The Easiness
Hen,” but who cares for that when eggs sell
at 50 cents a dozen — and the hens lay? Our
hens are kept in an old icehouse, where they
have little sun and really poor accommoda¬
tions, yet they lay eggs. Emma stays by
them with table scraps and warm water, and
what Is better, personal interest. She wants
to increase the hen department, and I feel dis¬
posed to let her try it. Emma came from
Sweden many years ago, and doesn't think
much of an incubator. Her idea is to get
a lot of sitting hens. Our incubators have
never been able to touch the hens in per cent
of eggs hatched — that's sure. We expect to
select about 1.1 of our best hens and put them
with a fine White Wyandotte rooster. This
will be our breeding pen to start with. I like
the Wyandottes, as I see more of them.

Florida Notes. — Charlie planted the first
potatoes January 7. This was a little garden
patch in the village on light soil— intended
for a home supply. This is pretty early
planting, and the chances are against it, be¬
cause there is quite sure to be a frost in Feb¬
ruary. It is a fair risk, however, and Florida
is made up of risks, some of them very safe
and others shaky. For this early planting it
is safest to plant in drills, covering lightly
with soil, leaving the seed in a hollow. Then
if frost threatens you can, with a cultivator,
throw soil over the young plants and give
them protection while filling up the furrow.
I should not want to attempt this with a
larger crop. Our farm is on lower ground,
and thus more likely to be hit by the frost.
Charlie nas the potato ground well grubbed
out and partly plowed. There is no imme¬
diate rush about planting.

I am asked what varieties we use. More
of Early Marquette than any other. This va¬
riety was recommended by a good authority.
I tried it here last year, and found it excel¬
lent in quality and yield. We shall also use
some Beauty of Ilebron, though that variety
is about played out for our northern location.
Growers in the South still demand it, though
I believe they get all sorts of things instead
of the true Iiebrons. I am also planting a
few Rural New Yorker. This is not an early
variety, yet it. will make potatoes of salable
size in fewer days than some of the so-called
early sorts. It seems almost like a sort of
fraud to put half-grown potatoes on the mar¬
ket, yet I have eaten Rurals of this size which
were excellent. . . . Since I left Florida

the mercury has crawled down to 29 degrees,
but no damage was done to the oranges. That
is too close for comfort to suit me! At that
temperature people were glad to shake them¬
selves and get in by the open fires. Every
house has a good-sized open fireplace, and in
some rooms there is a tiny cast-iron stove,
which will heat up a room almost instantly.
The children are running about in the sand,
having a glorious time in the sun and mild
air. They write me of playing baseball until
I wish I could take a hand myself. It is
warm enough to go barefooted, but they keep
on their shoes because the ground is well
seeded with a small burr which bites like a
needle on wheels ! The little school is still

prospering. Often it is held in the open air.
The Madame has asked me to send her t lie
Hope Farm flag. It will be a good thing to
raise that over a Florida home. . . .
Charlie tells me that one day all hands quit
work to rake and haul pine needles out of
the woods. They use them for making side¬
walks about the little town. A coat of these
needles on the soft sand makes it easier for
people to thread their way about. In some
parts of Florida I found that these needles are
used for mulching orange groves after culti¬
vation is done. . . . On December 29 1

planted a small orchard in peach trees on
Uncle Ed's place. This was an experiment
to see if our plan of close pruning will work
in that country. The trees were green, with¬
out leaves, and averaged over live feet. high.
I cut the roots to about three Inches, and the
tops to two feet or less: dug small holes,
about large enough to hold the roots without
crowding. As I worked the dirt firmly around
the roots one of the boys poured in water,
which puddled the roots and packed the soil
around them. Then we filled the hole and
pounded the soil hard about the tree, putting
a fair amount of good manure around it to
serve as a mulch. Now we shall see what fol¬
lows. Uncle Ed tried this plan, but seemed to
lose faith because the tree did not start off
and grow rapidly above ground. lie dug up
one of these trees and. just as I expected, he
found a long tap root formed and the side
roots coming out. Is this tap root any ad¬
vantage to the tree? f think so, though we
have not yet had a season that will demon¬
strate it.

Local Taxation in England. — I have the
following interesting note from an English
reader :

“Noticing recently in 'Hope Farm Notes’
an account of the tax bill on Hope Farm, 1 am
induced to ask if you can help me to compare
local taxation upon farms in your country with
those of my own. Is it possible that the
sum of $1,426 ner $100 represents a year’s
local taxes in New Jersey? If so, are they
lower or higher than in most other States?
And are there any Federal Government or
State taxes usually in addition, apart from
duties paid by consumers of imported com¬
modities? The amount named is less than
1 V, per cent, whereas in England local rates
for relief of the poor, the maintenance of lun¬
atic asylums, highway roads, education, sani¬
tary arrangements, etc., range commonly from
12 to 20 per cent, w.ith extremes possibly as
low as 10 per cent, and as high as 30 per cent.
These rates are levied on all real property,
but under a comparatively recent act agri¬
cultural land pays only half the rate in the
pound charged on houses and other buildings,
and railways, farmhouses and other farm
buildings paying the fill 1 rate. Under older
acts only one-fourth of certain small rates,
such ns the sanitary rate, is charged on farms
and their buildings. Rut the local rates on
farms in England range from about three
shillings and sixpence to five shillings per
acre. They are highest where a farm is
within the parish of a town in which rates
are very hl"h. Imperial taxes, apart from
customs’ and excise duties on certain com¬
modities, stamps on checks and other com¬
mercial documents, and gun and carriage li¬
censes fnot carriages used for farm work-
only), press lightly on tenant farmers, all but
the largest occupiers being outside the inci¬
dence of the income tax. On land owners,
whether they farm or let their land, income
tax, now one shilling and twopence in the
pound on the gross rent and lithe, presses
very heavily. Land tax does not in any case
exceed one shilling per acre. They also lia'-e
to pay tithes, commonly three to eighl shil¬
lings per acre, and up to 10 shillings in ex¬
treme cases. In this country if a farmer im¬
proves his farm, as, for example, by planting
fruits, his assessment to rates is put up on
bis improvements. Is it so in the United
States?” AN ENGLISH READER.

Sussex, England.

'Pile figures given are the only direct, taxes
levied on Hope Farm, in our county town,
10 miles away, t lie tax is as follows:

County tax . 52

Bounty and interest . 4

Township and poor . 4

State school tax . 22

Special school tax . 82

Commission tax . 76

Fire tax . 10

Library tax . 6

Sewer bond tax . 24

Total . $2.80

This is twice the tax we pay on the farm,
the difference being in the cost of local priv¬
ileges. such as schools, library, sewer and so-
called protection. The county tax pays the
cast of county government, bridges, etc. We
pay no State tax in New Jersey. It has) be¬
come the policy in many States where there
are large cities or rich corporations to dis¬
continue taxes on property and levy larger
sums on corporations for franchises or spe¬
cial privileges. New Jersey encourages such
corporations to come here and organize, pay¬
ing a tax or license for the privilege of doing
so. Thus it is said that the corporations
pay our State expenses, and many of ns think
Ihey just about own tin1 State as payment
therefor ! Our National Government is sup¬
ported chiefly by tariff taxes, internal reve
nue or stamp taxes on certain manufactured
articles, sales of public lands, fees and many
small items. Thus the general Government
derives most of its revenues from “taxation
of consumption,” or on those things which
people consume, while the State gets what it
can out of corporations and the locality aims
to tax real estate. Both the taxation of arti¬
cles consumed and on corporations prove an
indirect tax upon the common people. While
one may think the direct tax of $1.42 on the
Hope Farm property is light it is a fact that
we also pay an indirect tax on everything we
buy or consume, for in the end we pay out-
part of the tariff tax. while the corporations
are sure to make us chip in for the part they
are supposed to contribute. It will be seen
that the poor in our county have little public
money spent on them. They are regarded
here largely as objects for private benevolence.
The amount which the Hope Farmers contrib¬
ute during the year for charity would run the
tax bill up to a startling figure. Local taxes
are hard on real estate. The assessor in our
district has raised the valuation of Hone
Farm over 20 per cent because of improve¬
ments. such as planting trees. It seems im¬
possible to compare the taxes on American
and English farm property, since there is evi¬
dently a difference in valuations. While the
direct taxes are heavier in England, the indi¬
rect taxes on this side of the water are enor¬
mous. and they really hurt us more in the
end, because we do not recognize them, and
charge our expenses to other items. If we
were forced to pay all public expenses
through direct taxation there would he a roar
of indignation, but in the end these expenses
would be cut down without injury to the Gov¬
ernment. II. w. c.

When

It. N.-Y. ...... .

“a square deal.

you write advertisers mention The
and you’ll get a quick reply and
,io<ii ” gee guarantee, page 14.

DIRECT TO YOU

At factory
Price*.

By buying direct from us you
get factory prices with no mid¬
dlemen’s profit, you get every¬
thing that is latest, best and
most durable. Our large
free ct ialogue tells all
about our no money with
order plan, freight offer,
two years guaranty and
_ ^ __ _ _ ___ howweship anywhere on

R ETAT L"PRI C E'$45?“l d^°S FreeTrial

YVe make 140 styles of vehicles from #28.50 up
and 100 styles of harness from #4.40 up.

Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUCCY & CART CO.,

B 627, Cincinnati, O

Let Us Send You

Our Book.

about good wheels and good wagons that will save
you a lot of work and make you a lot of money — the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

- and the -

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the best. More than one and
a quarter millions sold. Spokes united to the
hub. Can’t work loose. A set of our wheels Will
m&ko your old wagon new. Catalogue free*

ELECTRIC WHEEL C0., Box 88, Quincy. Ills,

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largeut manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 1 7 HAVANA. ILL

Red Chief

Combined Corn

and

Pop-Corn Shelter

( Patented )

Best hand sheller
made. Closed hopper,
can’t pinch fingers,
adjusts for any size
ear.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel, keg or straight edge box. P op-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extra cost. Special farmers’ offer and circular free.

BRIHLY-HARDY CO., 253 Main Street, Louisville, Ky.

with an Appleton Wood

SAW you can rapidly and with
ease and safety m > m ■

SAW

your own wood
and Save Coal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make

$5to$l5aDay

Strong, rigid
frame, adjustable

dust-proof oil boxes, etc. We make five styles.
Also the famous “Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers, Shellers, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for tree catalogue.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, 111.^

Harness

We sell custom made, oak-
tanned harness by mail. All
st vies. Guaranteed to give sat¬
isfaction or goods returned
at onr expense and money
back. Illustrated catalogue
F and price list free.

The KING HARNESS CO.
t! Lake St.

Onego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

Get Our
Catalog

— and get mill-wise.

q It tells all about Attrition
Mills, French Burr Mills, and
Feed, Meal and Grist Mills,

Corn Shellers, Crushers, etc., — tells just what
to do and how and why to do it, and what it
will cost,
and why "Monarch
better work, —
and cheaper
— at any price. I
catalog' almost'^
you would need

Sprout

p. o. box 263

*1 It also tells bow
achinery does
does it faster
than any other
4jYou need our
jas much as
the mill itself.

Waldron

MUNCY, PA.

TRY IT “BUY IT

W« believe we have the best
farm grinder made and are
illing to let you prove It.

rilling to let you prove It.

DITTd’S

Triple Geared Ball Rearing

_ FEED GRINDER?

is sent on triaL If It Is not the largettcap*.
city, easiest runner, don’t keep it.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4.8
and ID II. P. Free Catalogue.

T 1 1 OS. KO HURTS,
Box 92. Springfield, O.

Quaker City Mills

are feed grinders tested and used
. by thousands during the past

Thirty-Eight Years

1 Don’t Experiment. This mill

costs you no more than some
new venture. Let the other fel-
, low do the experimenting. It

_ grinds all kinds of. small grain

and ear corn to any degree of fineness in one oper¬
ation. Built in eight sizes from one to twenty
horse power. 38th annual catalogue free.

Tltn I Uf Ot.niiU Pn 8787 Filbert St. Philadelphia, P».
InBn.n. OirdUU UU. 47.4y Canal St., Chicago, Ills.

BOWSHER MILLS A

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 size*— 2 to 25 horse power. One stylo for
wlndwheel use. I Amo make Sweep
Grinder*— Geared und Pluln.)

P. N. BOWSiiER, South Bend, Ind.

Return This Mill

if it fails to grind ear and shelled
corn, all grains and mixed feed
stuffs easier, faster and better
than any other. 4
sizes and 3 styles.

Small size for hand
power. 1 style with
elevator & bagger.

New Holland Wood Saws

save time and labor, 3
sizes, 1 to 12 h. p. Write1
for free circulars.

New Holland Mch. Co.. Box 1 15 , New Holland, Pa.

THE UTEST IMPROVEMENTS

are always to be found in our mills. Greatest variety, simple,
strong design. Safety features. Quick, easy grinding, all
grains, ?ar and shuck corn. Grinding at home is a great sav¬
ing and ground feed makes fat stock quickly.

Scientific Grinding Mills

for every purpose. Sweep, geared, combined and power;
all sizes. Wood Saws, Corn Shellers and Horse Powers.
Write now for new free catalogue R.

THE FOOS MFG. CO., LEst. 25 years.) Springfield, Ohio.

Highest Award, GOLD MEDAL, St. LOUIS, 1904.

DoLOACII jpat

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle"

wPlaning, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
^Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,

I DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta.Ga-

MILL

I

CUTAWAY v-TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush and Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep. Will plow a
new cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the
laud true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His ,

Rev. Disk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to lOln. deep. 14 in. wide.

AU these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock. hard¬
back, sunflower, milkweed, thistle, .
or any foul plant. Send for cir'larsJ
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,’

Hlggamuc, Conn., U. 8. A.

62

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 28,

GRAIN IN COW’S RATION.

I am milking 12 cows, two that came in
about the first of November, one that came
in in Summer, and one quite old cow. I
give OJ/fj pounds of bran a day each. To
t lie other eight, that are coming in in 1 lie
Spring, and will have to be dried off in .10
days or so, I feed one-half of that amount.

Purebred Stock.— The following ques¬
tion brought out a decided difference of
opinion : Can a farmer afford to keep pure¬
bred beef cows to produce young cattle to
fatten and sell as yearlings, when they' will
bring about $20 each? Some insisted that
this could be done by judicious manage-

The cows have silage nighl and morning, and
what hay they will eat during the day and
during the night. The corn that was put
into the silo was not planted very thickly,
and was well eared and in the milk when
that big frost come. It was cut and put
into silo soon after, and the silage is in
good condition. On account of there being
so much corn in the silage I thought it would
not be necessary to feed any cornmeal.
Am I graining too heavily or not heavily
enough ? h. c.

McI.ane, I*a.

To the cows nearly dry I should give
but little grain, as with good silage and
good hay they ought to keep in fairly good
rig. Tf thin in flesh some bran will do
them good. Bran is a good feed, but for
cows giving much milk one could hardly
afford at present prices to feed that alone,
nor would I now or ever buy cornmeal to
feed to cows to make milk at a profit.
This is a rather strong statement, but I
have seen more money wasted on corn¬
meal to feed milch cows than all other
feeds combined. 1 like to feel I am get¬
ting the worth of my money when buy¬
ing cattle feed, but should not do so if I
bought cornmeal. Suppose that in place
of all bran you try two parts bran, two
parts gluten feed, and one part cotton-seed
meal, from five to eight pounds per cow,
depending on size, age, quantity of milk
and length of time they have been in milk.
If you can get corn distillers’ grains in
place of gluten feed I should prefer them.
They will be sold under various proprie¬
tary names, and much more bulky than
gluten feed. I hardly think it necessary to
feed hay twice a day when the cows have
silage twice. Feed once what they will eat
up clean. _ H. g. m.

ment, while others stoutly maintained that
it could not be done profitably, as it is
necessary to keep two, the cow and calf,
in order to sell one. I he point was raised
that those who do this and think it pays,
usually sell their best young stock for
breeders at good prices, and practice this
plan as a convenient method of disposing
of the culls, and it pays them, but will it
pay the farmer who sells all of his young
cattle for beef? The question was not
settled. Can R. N.-Y. readers answer it
definitely?

Tomatoes as Stock Feed. — It seems to
be pretty generally understood that stock
will not eat tomatoes, but in discussion it
was given as the experience of many
growers for the cannery that the pulp from
the factory, consisting of peelings, cores,
etc., is a very good feed for both hogs and
cattle. In many instances farmers have
hauled this pulp some distance and fed to
hogs with very good results, claiming that
they grew and fattened with a very small
amount of grain added. Sometimes the
hogs would not eat it when first offered to
them, but if a little salt was scattered over
it they soon learned to eat it greedily.
Cattle seem to have a better liking for the
tomatoes than hogs, and several cattle that
were driven past the factory each night
and morning would pick up every tomato
that had been thrown out, and would then
go to the pulp wagon and eat from it
ravenously. Many growers turned their
cattle into the tomato fields after they quit
picking, and every vine in the field would
soon be stripped of its fruit, the cattle even
passing through good clover and Blue
grass pastures to get to the tomatoes. In

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN BULL

“ FRICKASON ” 34975

of

H'\?Vnr?Pd if p- VJ' bason s ’• dam madel3 lbs. at3 years; bermilk averaKed 3.5 p e.: her sire has

■ Kh‘ d rS< t?r<le!^^nd lf DOt t)leased upon arrival, return him at once at my expense and X will

refund the purchase price, #75.00. First check takes him. expense ana l will

Oakland Farm _ T. A. MITCHELL Weedsport, N. Y.

60-GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS-OO

u ,°f? 0ldi Sir1 nse o ne- h al f The^Jood "° V Ya!ty^l*OF FOR I )°cO h ON Y^Xe* V ori d' ®s Champion

Heifer in herclass; In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

I rnir l i i K,..„ 2 V. >!,' Lf ! ° RN 8» America’s leading strain for 22 years. ENGLISH BKRKSHIRKS
Long Distance ’Phone. JE. H. KNAPP & SON, Fablus, N. Y.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherlaml DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
K. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Enters New Year with

250

Two Hundred and Fifty Head of Regis¬
tered Holstein Cattle.

250

Offers for sale Service Bulls, Fresh Cows. Males and
Females of all ages. Actual sales since Oct. 18th,
#5 OOO. Headquarters for all. Circulars sent on
application.

HORACE L. BRON80N , Dept. D„ Cortland, N. Y.

FOR SALE

-Purebred Holstein-Frlesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

POULTRY SUPPLIES

■ The Kind that Make Eggs -All per IDO lbs-

Hecleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; MicoGritfor
Poultry. (MJc.; MicoGritfor Pigeons, 60c ; MicoGritfor
Chicks. 60c.; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.85;
Saul s Poultry Mash Food. $2; Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2;
Saul’s Chick Food, $2.50; Cut Clover, $1 60; Clover Meal,
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25; Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bohe, $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal. $2.25: Hemp Seed. $3.60;
8unflower Seed, $4.25; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue mailed free.

CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y

nciTU Tfi I IOC on HKNS and chicks,

II C A In I U LluC 64-page book FREE.

- D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, It. I.

FOR HATCHING. Booking orders
from best pens— White Wyandottes,
White and Barred Plymouth Rocks, Single-Comb
White and Brown Leghorns. No one has better
stock. Price $1.50 per setting of 15.

LOCUST FARM, Eatontown. N. J.

RRFn FAR FftftC — Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
ontu run CUUO> 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

I IGHT Brahmas, Barred Plymouth Hacks,
White Plymouth Hocks of Best and Purest
stock. A limited number of each For Sale.

J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest, lot of .JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address.

BAKER’S -JACK FARM,

Hot 1, Lawrence, Ind.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JoE K. WRIGHT,
Junction City. Kentucky.

HIGH CLASS

PERCHEKON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
Pups. E.S. AKIN, Auburn, N.Y.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All first-
class individuals.

J. E. WATSON. Proprietor. Marbledale. Conn.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsville. N. J.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. Write for
prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; we refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Krcildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

nUECUIDF DIPC FOR SALE,— From First Prize
uncomnc lIUuHerd at St. Louis Exposition
and New York State Fair. S. G .OTIS, Sherwood.N Y.

U r“ ^ ij ■ rj r O on ng Boars,
W nuOnmC O Sows and 3-month
Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. 8. HILL. Freeville, N. Y.

INDIANA STOCK NOTES.

Wastes in Feeding Corn. — Institute
discussion has brought out some very
common practices that probably result in
as great a loss as improper methods in
growing and harvesting the crop. The
corn here is fed mainly to hogs, and a
large portion of 'it is fed in cold weather
to hogs with little or no protection from

every instance that came to my knowledge
the owners reported a marked increase in
the flow of milk. . jr. j. h.

WINTER EGGS.

I ant not going to rush my poultry for
Winter eggs with the exception of a few ihat
will not be used for breeding purposes, for
rushing them hurts them for breeding. One
of the first and most important things in poul-

on BUFF ORPINGTON PULLETS FOR SALK. Ort
ONE DOLLAR EACH. £U

A. L. BAKER, Middlefield, N.Y.

Var’s Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BEltGEY.Box 8,Telford.Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., K. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

CHESTER WH I TES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for I am in posi¬
tion to fill your order with up-to-date breeding;
order a Sow bred at once for Spring farrowing.

JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

■3

the weather. As one farmer expressed
it, when fed in this way :“The pile of cobs
grows faster than the hogs.” 'I bis corn
is usually thrown out on the open ground,
and in wet weather a large part of it is
trampled into the mud and wasted, while
that which is eaten is certainly not as
palatable as it would be if given in some
more cleanly way, and the farmer loses
not only the amount wasted in the mud,
but also the amount necessary to keep up
the animal heat, which should he sup¬
plied by comfortable quarters. Another
common source of loss is in feeding the
corn crop alone (the usual custom) while
a smaller amount of corn with the addition
of some other feed to make up a balanced
ration would be cheaper and better.

Regular Feeding. — The necessity of
regularity in feeding and watering stock
was made very plain; the general opinion
seeming to be that almost as much depends
upon this as on the amount and kind of
feed. It was suggested that stock should
not be depended upon to go some distance
for water in cold weather, as they will
frequently stand about in sheltered places
and fail to go to water at all, hut if driven
to it, or if it is brought to them, they will
drink readily, proving that they would do
without the water they really need rather
than go to it through the cold. Some
thought it would pay to warm the water
rather than let the stock drink it ice cold
from ponds, etc., as they will drink more if
slightly warm, and make more milk on

the same feed.

try keeping is good warm, dry houses, and
supposing that you have them, the following
is the way I feed for eggs in Winter : In
the morning a feed of oats and corn or
slightly scorched wheat, about four quarts to
every 25 pullets, fed in litter composed of oat
straw, leaves or any oilier good scratching
material, with which the floors of the pens
are always kept covered to depth of about
four to six inches. At noon a feed composed
of two parts wheat bran and one part corn
chop or cornmeal, all they will eat up clean
in half an hour ; also beef scraps or green
bone if 1 can get the latter, all they will eat
up clean after they become used to it. At
night I feed all the corn or scorched wheat
they will eat, feeding it in the litter about
4 1’. M. Oyster shells, grit and plenty of
slightly warmed fresh water are kept before
them at all times, and all feed troughs and
drinking fountains are cleaned daily ; all drop¬
pings are removed every day. The pullets or
liens kept for Winter eggs are contined to pens
from the time the ground freezes until Spring,
putting about 20 in every pen ; pens eight feet
square, l'lease bear in mind that these are
fed for eggs only, and that the eggs from
them are worthless for hatching. 1 feed some
green food every other day ; cabbage, sugar
beets or apples being used. My breeding
stock are on free range at all times, and are
fed the same as the laying stock. There are
many things that go far towards profitable
poultry keeping, and among these is good
common-sense and good care, for with these
anyone can make poultry pay, other things
being favorable. Without them no one can.
no matter how favorable other things may be.

New York. grand view farm.

Warming Milk.- — I think if G. S., page
019, will get his cream a good deal warmer,
say 66 to 68 degrees, he will have less trouble
in getting butter. I do not know, of course,
how his cream is separated from the milk.
Mine is in Uoole.v cans, and although I had
the cream ripening for 24 hours, it was a
long time coming. It does not come very
quickly now, but getting it pretty warm seems
to help, and it is hard enough when it comes,
so it is necessary to warm the water for
rinsing. The room where the churning is
done is not very warm. That probably makes
some difference". e. s. b.

SPECIAL BARGAINS,

If ordered at once. In Cockerels, Bullets and
Hens. We have s. C. and R. C. Brown, Bf. and White
Leg. White, Bf. & Bid. P. Rocks, White. Bf. Silver &
Gold Wynd., Buff Orpingtons, K. I. Reds, Minorcas,
Brahmas, Cochins, PitGames, and allother breeds.
MT. BLANCO POULTRY FARM, Carpenter, Ohio.

WHITE LEGHORNS

I* or Egg Producers, the real egg machines. We
are specialists in Leghorns alone. Eggs for incuba¬
tors $1 for 13, $6 per hundred. 80 pens, 2,000 layers.
Largest plant in the vicinity of New York City. Also
Snow White Pekin Ducks. Agents Cyphers Incuba¬
tors, Brooders, etc. Correspondence invited.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Sf» Uf Leghorns, Cockerels; fine fellows, none
■ Ua ¥li better. $land$2each. C. A. Caklson,
Beach View Poultry Farm, Barnegat, N. J.

SixGreatBreeds

White Leghorns
White Wyandottes
White Rocks
Barred Rocks
Black Minorcas
Light Brahmas

The Jteat for
Pleasure and Profit

Highest Ouality Exhibition Birds. Stock
that has won wherever shown. Mated Pens for
Breeding, $30 to $100. Eggs from two special
matings, each breed, $10 per 12 straight; from as¬
sorted pens. $5 per 12, $10 per 36.

Birds for Great Egg Production, have
won an enviable and world-wide reputation for
laying. Mated Pens for Breeding, $15 to $35.

Eggs- $2 per 12, $8 per 100.

Selected Breeding Cockerels, $3 to $20
each.

Descriptive Catalogue Free

ELM POULTRY YARDS

P. 0. Box Y, HARTFORD CONN.

Angora Goats and Fox Terrier Dogs

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Sr,!”!"

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalia.N. Y.

BERKSHIRES 2 to 10 mos. old, $4 00 up, 200 lb. C.

While Boar. $16 DO. Collie Pups, $3 00 up. Barred
Rock Cockerels, $1.00. YV. A. LOTHKRS, Lack, Pa.

“QUALITY.”

Registered .Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTFIN-FRIE«IANS
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. a. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

uni CTEIN Rill I C from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlIl DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y'.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

W00DC3EST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

63

AILING ANIMALS.

Horse Out of Condition.

I purchased a horse the past season that
had just come from the West. He did a good
season's work, but did not seem to do as he
should, and came out very much run down
after Fall's work was over. I have taken bet¬
ter care of him than t lie rest of my horses
that are fat. lie eats plenty, but still seems
nidebound, and has a dry staring coat. What
could I give him to improve his condition?
I have tried some of the advertised medicine
on the market, but have made up my mind
that some one besides myself got the benefit
of the money. If lie lias worms what would
be good for him? R. H. T.

Auburn, N. Y.

The change of climate or food may be
the cause of horse not doing well. The
description reminds me of a horse that I
was called to see a few days ago, and on
examining his mouth found the molar
teeth in very bad condition. It might be
well for you to take this horse to a com¬
petent veterinary and have him examine
his mouth. If you will give a description
of what you are feeding I shall be in a
better position to tell what to give to im¬
prove his condition. In regard to giving
treatment for worms, I do not think this
horse has them sufficiently to need medi¬
cation. M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

CATTLE RAISING IN NEW ENGLAND.

I have been much interested in the talk
on feeding dairy cows, and would like to make
a few inquiries, in a general way, on the sub¬
ject. of stock raising and dairy business for
back places away from large markets. Could
one raise beef on such farms in New England,
or would a special dairy breed be better in my
situation, where there is no sale for milk, but
good sale for butter most of the year? Do
you know of any successful beef farms in
New England? What is the best book on feed¬
ing animals and where can it be obtained?
What would be the best ration I could make
of the following feeds : Mixed hay with a little
clover; turnips; Buffalo gluten meal at $1.40
per 100 pounds; bran, $1.30 per 100 pounds;
cornmeal, $1.40; wheat middlings, $1.40 per
1<»() pounds; cotton-seed meal, $1.50 per 100
pounds; linseed meal, $1.50 per 100 pounds.
Cows are grade Short-horns and Ilolsteins of
1,000 pounds weight and give 30 pounds milk
per day. w. A. w.

Vermont.

There seems to be a growing tendency
to beef production in the East. In in¬
stances where labor is scarce and farmers
would like to quit milking they are cast¬
ing about for a change. The time will
come in my judgment when we shall
make more beef than now, but so long as
the present adjustment calls for a con¬
stantly increasing amount of dairy prod¬
ucts more profit will accrue through stand¬
ing by the dairy business. There seems
to be very little disposition on the part
of dairymen owning valuable dairy cows,
having ideal feed and care, to leave their
present moorings. They are getting a nice
profit. One must remember that cheap
pasture, not scanty pasture, and cheap
corn are the fundamentals for cheap beef,
backed up by a feeder who feeds. On the
other hand, we must not expect upon our
cheap pastures, which are poor pastures,
and corn only as purchased, that men will
at once make beef at a profit. Again, we
do not possess beef cattle, and surely we
cannot make beef from our dairy-bred
stock. The facilities in our small local
markets are not such as to make slaughter¬
ing an economical practice. The Water-
town, N. Y., butchers last Summer, dur¬
ing the Chicago meat trouble, were con¬
sidering local slaughter, but soon decided
they could not do so at a profit without
the heavy expense of manufacturing the
waste and offal from which the profits
largely come. Quite a business is done
in western New York in the fruit sections,
where farmers have roughage not easily
marketed, in buying feeders from the
West and so working off the coarse feed,
buying corn and by-products to feed with
it. The profits, however, come not from
beef, but from getting a market for rough-
age and making manure for the money
crop. Corn is expensive as a feed, and
that is the beef feed.

The by-products used for milk produc¬
tion have no other value, and are hence
a much cheaper feed based upon actual
feeding nutrients, all of which assists the

dairy business. You have a market for
butter, and skim milk is more valuable to
grow young stock than for any other pur¬
pose. Whether your animals are just suit¬
ed to butter making I am not sure. If 30
pounds of milk daily is a full flow on full
feed, I should say they were not. The
Short-horn-Holstein cross would not give
a rich milk. Two-year-old heifers should
give nearly or quite 30 pounds daily. I
know of no beef herds in New England.
Dr. W. II. Jordan’s work, “Feeding of
Animals,” price $1.25, and Henry’s “Feeds
and Feeding,” price $2, both obtainable
through The R. N.-Y. office, will be of
great value to you.

I would suggest the following ration as
a starter for cows in full milk: Mix 100
pounds cotton seed, 100 pounds linseed,
100 pounds gluten, and perhaps 100 pounds
cornmeal if they are inclined to grow poor.
Feed from six to eight pounds daily, in
two feeds, with what hay they will eat up
clean. Give from eight to 12 quarts tur¬
nips daily after milking. The probability
would be that a strain of strong, vigorous
Jerseys, of which there arc many in your
State, kept in warm barns, would better
suit your conditions. h. e. cook.

DAIRY AND FEED NOTES.

There are a lot of men feeding silage
from frosted corn this year who are find¬
ing out that it requires more grain to get
the same result. They have made up their
minds not to get caught again. In order
to avoid this, and get a full crop, they
must take unusual care properly to prepare
the land, get the seed in early and push
it through to harvest time.

Frequent inquiries as to how their cows
are doing bring largely the reply : “Not
very well.” Most of these men put off
feeding grain as long as possible. Feed is
high, and they thought they couldn’t afford
it, and their cows got down so low in con¬
dition that they now must feed grain from
a month to half the Winter before they
can get practical results. Tt never pays to
let cows get in this low condition, as the
cow must of necessity take care of her
own body before she feeds you. Don’t save
a cent now and lose a dollar in the future
by having saved that cent. Some men go
on the plan that the less they can feed a
cow and still have her give milk the more
money there is in it for them. It takes
so much feed to maintain a cow in work¬
ing condition. Our profit comes only from
that part of the feed over and above what
she uses to maintain herself that she turns
into milk. The largest profit comes from
feeding all they will consume that they
will above the need of body turn into milk.

There are so many new feeds, most of
them by-products, being turned out that
it is hard work to keep up with the pro¬
cession. Many of them are introduced
by an agreeable, persuasive man who is
trained to answer every objection you
could make to trying his particular feed.
He gets in with some feed dealer who
agrees to take a car, provided he will get
a certain number of farmer? to try it. So
they get a livery team, a supply of cigars
and strike out for the farmers. The miller
introduces and the agent does the rest.
All this is well and good, but before you
try the new make sure they are better than
the old. Testimonials and highly printed
literature do not make them so. First
question to ask is what is the guaranteed
analysis, and look it up if possible in that
feed bulletin from vottr experiment sta¬
tion. “Used it for kindling a fire?” Well,
write your experiment station for another,
and apologize, for they are really inter¬
esting and profitable once you get the
‘“hang” of them, and it will pay to get it.

If the feed is high in protein and rea¬
sonable in price try it, for frequently a new
feed is offered at a low price to introduce.
If low in protein, let it alone, for there is
almost sure to be something in it that
would not sell on its own merits. Feeds
are not sold on the basis of their feeding
value, and the man who realizes this is in
position to buy at nearer actual worth
than others. h. g. m.

Mulching Saves Labor. — We had about
3,000 bushels apples and 1 ,t»oo bushels ol' po¬
tatoes, 1,500 bushels green peas, besides two
acres strawberries, one of red raspberries,
wheat, hay and Alfalfa, 150 acres of orchard
to mow and spray, and myself and two men
did all of the work except picking peas and
berries, keeping only three horses. I wonder
how this would strike some of the cultivators.
Net results are what count. It doesn't pay to
spend $10 to get $10 back.

New York. grant g. iiitoiiings.

Fertilizer for Grass. — The Rhode Island
Experiment Station has been conducting some
excellent experiments with fertilizers on grass.
The following mixture is suggested per acre :
200 pounds muriate of potash, 350 pounds ni¬
trate of soda and 500 pounds acid phosphate.
This will seem like a heavy dressing for an
acre of grass to many, yet the returns showed
that it was more profitable than a smaller
amount. All those chemicals are soluble, and
this, we are convinced, is the way to fertilize
grass lands. We would use on the grass only
the chemicals which dissolve in water.

Another “Knowing” Horse. — Mr. Cos¬
grove’s remarks about his horse Ben, page
934, which we read with great interest, make
me want to get our horse Rex into print if
possible, for he, too, had "an intelligence al¬
most human.” He was high-spirited and had
a way sometimes of starting suddenly with
a rush, and needed constant watching on that
account. He had a record of seven runaways
when we got him. After we bought him he
never ran away. He made a fine appearance,
and was a fast traveler, frequently going a
mile in less than three minutes on ordinary
roads. We treated him with kindness and
consideration, and talked to him as if he
understood us, and soon came to think that
he did. When we were out on a drive and
arrived at the top of a hill where there was
a good lookout, we would halt and look the
landscape over, and Rex would do it. too,
looking afar off and seeming to see it all.
One day after he had been in the stable sev¬
eral days without exercise I picked some
strawberries, and piling the boxes about my
feet in the phaeton, started to drive to town
to sell them. It was risky and I expected
that many boxes would be upset and the ber¬
ries spilled, and told my folks so as I gath¬
ered up the reins, saying “Now, Rex. be good.”
Every step to town he walked, carefully pick¬
ing his way without a word of caution, and
not a berry was spilled, but when the berries
were out of the wagon it was all I could do
to hold him, and he went back like the wind.
Repeatedly he indicated that something was
wrong with his harness by unmistakable mo¬
tions or sign language that was positively
startling. I discovered that he could count
a little, and believe he could think and rea¬
son, hut I must not now take time and space
for further details. Who but God knows the
mystery or limitations of any life?

.1. YATES PEEK.

EVERGOOD”

RANGES

POLISHED
STEEL
PUTE

Shipped direct ^
from our own
factory.

A GUARANTEE
BOND given with
every stove or range
sold, allowing you

60 DAYS’

coal, wood or gas. FREE TRIAL

IN YOUR OWN HOME

We can save you at least $10.00 to $15.00.

■ 1A#ki4o> Tn rlou for our Free Catalogue and

I ■ " * ■ ■ w Udy lowest wholesale factory

■ prices on over 4,000 articles in the housefurnishing line.

^TEWA^^R0^^2£^jHjigf^T^olurnbtJS^lilo

going to buy a HARROW
Want Best for least Cash.
UJC make that kind.
|VV L PAY t KKIUliT Cat.
rea. Write for price.
U. 11. P0UXDKR, No.
17# VU Atkinson, Wls.

When you write advertisers mention Tiie
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal ” Fee guarantee, page 14.

Get ALL
the Butter
Out of
Yo u r Milk

If you don’t get all the
butter out of your mllk(
you don’t get all the profit
out of your cows. You can
not got all the butter out of your
milk by the old-fashioned way of skim¬
ming, but you can with a

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

It skims to a trace and Is the
easiest to run, easiest to wash,
most durable of all separators.
It saves Its cost the tlrst year.

Send to-day for our Book 50 which
1 proves that you need a National

Monthly Payment Plan

I — ITI When desired, tho National Sepa-

FuII ^MBAa^^gBrator can be purchased on our
Height 29H easy payment plan. This plan

| 4 ft. 4 in. requires no payment until the

Separator has proven its worth
after five days’trial. Then comes
a small cash payment; the bal-
I anccineasy monthly instalments.

| National Dairy Machine Co.

Newark, N. «J.
General Western Agents*
i HastlnjfK Industrial Co.,
WD Dearborn 8t., Chicago, HI.

' Desirable agents wanted in
unoccupied territory .

ROE’S

FAMOUS HERD

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian
Cattle to be Sold
Before April, ’05

Throat trouble makes it necessary for
me to move to a drier, milder climate.
At this place more great A. R. O. record
cows have been bred than at any other
place in the world. Aaggie Cornucopia
Pauline, the Champion Butter Cow of the
World, was bred and is now owned here.
Herd will be sold either sing-ly or all to
one purchaser.

H. D. ROE, Augusta, N. J.

GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANU,
No.6R4G and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanle 7th, 503.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Klorham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in cue
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves ol all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair tor UK)4 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable
For further information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N. Y.
Please mention Rural New Yorkkk in writing
Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from #100 to #300, also several mature bulls.

DEFENDER

SPRAYER

Powerful, all brass,
easy to use. Quick
sellers. Treatise on
Spraying & Catalog
ot' Spray Pumps free.
Write to-day. Agents
wanted.

J. F. GAYLORD,
Box 78, CatskilL, N. r.

HAVE YOU A HORSE OR A COW ?

To i ntroduceour Plxine V et. Remedies, we will mail
our Valuable Book free It tell all about lameness
and other horse and cattle ailments; how to detect,
locate and cure them Write for it.

Flxine Chemical Co., Vet. Dept. 29, Troy, N. Y.

A Lady can hold him.

^of the BEERY BIT
TOUR CUTS IN ONE

Cure, Kleken, ltun»w»j», Pullen,
shyen, et«. Send for Bit on Ten
l»my»’ Trial arid circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Pr»f. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant Bill, Ohio.

CYuernsey Cattle— Two registered Guernsey Bulls,
one 2 yrs. old, other 2 mos. old. Extra Individ¬
uals. backed by best of breedlrg. Write for prices
and pedigree. TH E LINDHUKST FARM, Bolivar, O.

PpH Pnllpri Cattle— Young Bulls For Sale. For
I\CU 1 Ulltu particulars address
DR. D. F. BAKER, 484 The Arcade, Cleveland, O.

GEDJNTEY FARM

L. K. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

. - - “ V ‘ “, vuv V* > O 1 O.XU.A .u OLU,

Dorn ieb. 22,U)U1, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a t wo-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
8TREAMEK and GOLDEN FERN S LADout of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINOKCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES

EVT- Correspondence solicited
GEDNEY FARM, White l’lains, N. Y.

■ IIWWWMMIL cami-B on surplus water;
.. , . admits air to the soil. In¬

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile
Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and pneea. jouh h. jaiksom, 7« Third Are., Albany, a. x.

64

January 28,

POULTRY AT THE SOUTH.

The remark in Hope Farm Notes, page
7, regarding profits on poultry in the South,
reminds me of a little experience of my
own with hens in the South, though not
the “South” as you probably had it in
mind when you wrote. I was in north¬
western Georgia, about 125 miles south of
Chattanooga. The last of October and first
of November, 1897, I bought from the
neighbors about two dozen young bens
and pullets, and two roosters at a cost of
$8 or a little more (I do not remember tbe
exact figures). These all had more or
less Brown Leghorn blood, and a few had
a little Game blood. I put them into a
new house eight feet square, soon giving
them free range of an acre of rye and
several acres of woods, with a slope to the
south and a good carpet of leaves. '1 hey
soon begun laying, and gave us all tbe
eggs we could use, and enough to sell to
pay for the feed they consumed. They
begun sitting in February, and hatched up
to June about 150 chickens. Owing to my
absence most of each day, and my wife’s
ill health, they got little care, and over
half were lost in one way and another, but
in July, when I was obliged to break up
and bring my wife back North, 1 sold be¬
tween $19 and $20 worth, besides a half-
dozen that got away. They were not sold
to the best advantage either. Your men¬
tion of apples prompts me to write of an
old “Cracker” woman in Florida at whose
house I got dinner several times. After
getting on the good side of her by prais¬
ing her biscuits (they were fine) she
talked very freely and very interestingly.
Among other things, she said: “Well, they
can talk all they want to about oranges,
but there is no fruit in the world equal to
a good apple.” I think she was about
right. B-

Pana, Ill. _ _ _

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

IIow do you prevent your hens from crowd¬
ing too many in a house, as you do not feed
in separate pens in Summer? Is it not diffi¬
cult to distribute equally a limited quantity of
corn after the hens leave the houses in the
morning? I have wondered what you do with
broody hens in Spring; you must have a great
many. What is the best way to prepare meat
scraps for feeding? Do you know where I can
get a mill that will grind them and the bones
that come imbedded in the hard cakes? I
have kept hens for their eggs since 1890, and
during most of that time have depended upon
buying pullets to keep up my stock. They
have been mostly mongrels, but now 1 wish to
raise some pure Brown Leghorns. IIow many
hens and roosters can I safely keep for breed¬
ing in a 9 x 18 house with a 50 x 50 foot
yard in front? How long a. time must they
be isolated to insure pure breeding?

Nimmo, Vt. L- A- n-

Feeding in Colonies— This correspond¬
ent refers to what 1 consider the greatest
objection to the colony plan, the difficulty
of feeding uniformly. The hens are fed
inside the house at all times. I he morn¬
ing feed is given before the door is opened
for hens to go out. This obviates any dif¬
ficulty about this meal, since the same
hens always go to roost at night in each
house. If I count 40 hens in a particular
house one morning, I always count on
there being the same number there the
next morning, and subsequently until some
die or are removed. When starting out
to give the noon or night feed, with all
at liberty, another problem is before me.
If the hens are quite hungry they are in¬
clined to run to meet the feeder from
several colonies in advance of him and
several hundred may soon be on hand in
one place. There is a bin of whole _ or
mixed grain in each house. By stepping
inside and closing the door, leaving only
the small opening for the hens to use,
which only allows one hen to enter at
once, not much difficulty is encountered in
gauging the amount of grain to scatter in
each house. Most of the visitors will re¬
main outside and follow the feeder along
to the next house until they come to their
own house. A little experience enables
one to estimate fairly well the number of
birds before him by glancing the eye over
the floor space. Still it is rather an un¬
satisfactory way to feed, and was what
has led me at different times to try the
plan of keeping feed always, before them,
allowing them to balance their own ration,
etc. This has given extremely good re¬
sults in Summer for limited periods, but
the health and thrift of the hens is preMy
sure to suffer by a long continued system
of this kind of treatment. I am inclined

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

to recommend much larger colonies, with
some fences to subdivide the ground over
which they are to roam. I believe 250
hens can be fed in one flock as success¬
fully as in flocks of 50. Four buildings
large enough to accommodate 250 each
could be located in the center of a large
pasture. By running a fence out from this
center as far as the hens would be likely
to roam towards the four points of the
compass, the field could be divided into
four portions so arranged that each 250
hens could have a separate portion of the
field, with free range as far as they would
care to go. This would enable one to
care for 1,000 hens and have all his work
at one central point. If more than 1,000
were wanted at one center, the buildings
and fences could be arranged in sexagonal
or octagonal form.

A Hen Jail. — For broody hens we use
an elevated coop (or jail) made entirely of
slats. This, like the table under the
perches for droppings, economizes floor
space. Our nests are all on the floor, and
if a broody hen is taken from these low
nests and placed up in this slat-bottomed
jail as soon as the broody symptoms an-
pear, three days’ confinement usually suf¬
fices.

Bones and Meat. — Wilson Bros., Eas¬
ton, Pa., manufacture a mill. The expense
will probably be more than to buy the
•ground scraps. I know of no better way
to prepare them than to mix enough
ground grain with them to make them pal¬
atable. Most of the meat scraps I am
able to find are steamed under high pres¬
sure until they are so dry and lifeless that
hens do not relish them like they did the
old-fashioned scraps cooked in open ket¬
tles.

Numdf.r in Pen. — Forty or 50 hens can
safely be kept in quarters of the size
named with two or three roosters. Un¬
less the roosters have been raised together
there will be too much fighting for good
results. By alternating and only allowing
one with the hens at a time, better results
might be expected. I have had very good
hatches when I only kept one Leghorn
rooster for each flock of 50 hens, but I
hardly recommend such a practice as a
general thing. For absolutely pure breed¬
ing it is probably safer to mate before pul¬
lets ever lay an egg, but in general prac¬
tice two weeks ought to be sufficient
time.

Water-Glass Eggs. — We had fried eggs
for supper to-night (January 11) that
were laid May 1, and they were decidedly
good. A few crates were put in crocks
in a 10-per-cent solution of water glass as
an experiment. Our cellar is not an ideal
place in which to store them, as the tem¬
perature gets up to 70 on hot days, but
they have kept well. Our local grocers
have willingly paid us 25 cents per dozen
for them. They were only paying 18 cents
when the eggs were put down. The water
glass has a decidedly bitter taste, and T
have found a few of the eggs having ex¬
ceptionally thin or porous shells that have
evidently been tainted with the bitter
pickle. Aside from this we think it a
decided success. Great care should lie ex¬
ercised in selecting eggs for preserving
not to use any with defective shells.
White-shelled eggs as a rule have poorer
keeping qualities in cold storage than
those with brown shells. I am told that
this is generally conceded by egg packers.

o. w. MAPES.

$100 REWARD

for any case of colic, curb,
splints, contracted or knotted
cords, recent shoe boils, splints
or callous that cannot be per¬
manently and positively cured,
if directions are followed, by

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ELIXIR.

It relieves and cures Spavins, Ring Bone. Cockle Joints,
Scratches, Crease Heel, Founder, Sore Backs and
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and others. Tuttle's American Worm Powders never fail.
Tuttle’s Family Elixir stops the pains and aches of mankind
instantly. Our 100-page book, “Veterinary Experience'* free.

Tuttle's Elixir Co.. 30 Beverly St., Boston. Mass.

Beware of a! /other Elixirs. Tuttle's is the only genuine
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Hatch chickens. No ex perience necessary.
Our large 200 page Illustrated Catalogue of
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§ C. C. SHOEMAKER.

Box 1020, Freeport, Ills,

TEN DAYS’ _

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of Mann’s Latest Model
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2* ORMAS

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& Brooders

Low In price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FreeCatalog

United States Cream Separator

does not get all of the orders but it gets an
overwhelming majority where it is known
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spite of competitors — all parties vote for the
United States Separator.

THE, VERMONT FA RM MACHINE CO.
BELLOWS FALLS, Vt.

385 Send for Handsome Booklet in Colors Illustrating “ The If. S. ICay."

3943 HennvSt.BUrrALO.N.Y.

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1

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Johnson’s say is all in his big
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M. M. Johnson Co., Clay Center, Neb.

AutomaticC

Incubators by a practical man.
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THE IDEAL

in a way that makes

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J.YV. Miller Co., Box »t, Freeport. Ill.

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The simple, sure, dependable kind. Used by
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Our free Incubator — - - -

Book tells about them
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Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 , Racine, Wls|

tel 1m howto make money

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on ducks. C How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
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Why not learn about incuba¬
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who have been in business since
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for the book today. It is free*

GEO. ERTEL CO.#
Quincy, Ill.

ImLEARN POULTRY CULTURE

We can teach yon thoroughly, successfully. Our
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little. A Sakk guide to bkginnkbb, Invaluable
to old poultry raisers. We teach you how to
make any plot of ground, large or small, pay a
MURK DIVIDKND OK FROM 25 to 50 1*. C. ON INVEST¬
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free booklet. Many Lucrative Positions Open to Graduates.
Columbia Sc hool of Poultry Culture, Box 858, W atervllle, N. Y

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

n POULTRY

I and almanac, for 1905. contain. HU-1
Dagea.wltli many flne colored plates of
fowls true to life. It tells all about chickens,
their care, diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and howto operate them.
Ail about poultry houses and how to build
them. It’s really an encyclopedia of chicken-
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l£

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Book alone 10 cents. Catalogue of poultry
books! roo. poultry A.dvocatea Syracuse*

Successfuls

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Dept. 90 Dos Moines la.

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STRICTLY

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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

65

SHEEP FOR EARLY LAMBS

What breed of sheep will make most wool
May 10, and largest and fattest lambs .Tune
1 to 10? We have at present, and have had
for the last three years, a Southdown ram
and grade ewes. We have lambs to come
the latter part of January and first of Feb¬
ruary; sell lambs June 1 to 10. June 10,
1002, they averaged 00 pounds; June 4. 1003,
88% pounds, at. $0 per 100 pounds on the
farm. The grade ewes made sis pounds of
wool per sheep at 24 cents per pound at sta¬
tion. Are lambs and wool above or below
average? 0. K- K.

( nu rch wood, Va.

T presume the questioner understands
that the greatest amount of wool, and the
best lamb are not found in the same sheep.
He is doing the wise thing evidently, in
getting a good lamb first. In this he is
above the average, as his lambs weigh
well, and he is able to get a good price,
indicating a good lot of sheep and well
cared for. For lambs coming that early I
should crowd the ewes well with grain, so
they will give plenty of milk. Then as soon
as the lambs will eat it, give them some
cracked corn or meal, with a little wheat
bran and linseed meal. Don’t let them
have too much exercise, so as to run off
their flesh, and they ought to be marketed
in Washington, at from two to three
months old, fat and weighing 40 to 45
pounds, and bring from $0 to $10. This
will certainly pay better than to keep them
till June and sell for $4.50 to $5.50. After
the lambs are gone, and the ewes dry up,
there will be less drain on them, and they
will, if well fed, make more wool than
if they were making lambs. If buying I
should get those weighing from 100 to 140
pounds, closely built if possible, having
some Down blood, with the Merino, which
will give a good sheep. Then I should
take a Shropshire rather than a South-
down ram. They are larger, have better
wool, and more of it. The Southdowns
are not as well wooled and always have
a tendency after the third year to lose
much of that on the belly.

EUVVAKD VAN ALSTYNE.

QUESTIONS ABOUT CREAM PRO¬
DUCTION.

I have at present a small dairy of grade
Ayrshires ; they are nearly all heifers and
are good size and well bred. Would they not
be all right for cream, or would it be advis¬
able to buy Jerseys? What machinery would
be necessary besides a separator if the cream
is bottled? About how much cream is taken
from a 40-quart can of milk? Would it not
be cheaper to buy the milk from nearby farm¬
ers at three cents per quart for the year and
separate it, selling the cream for 50 cents
per quart, than to be at the expense of pro¬
ducing the milk myself? I have a private
customer in New York who will take 80 quarts
of cream per day at price quoted above.

XT. w. E.

Produce What You Can.

At the price named for cream you
would no doubt have to make a heavy
cream, and from milk produced under
clean sanitary conditions. It will make
no difference what breed of cows you
have so far as the cream is concerned.
You may have profitable Ayrshires; scales
and Babcock test will tell the story. No
one can tell how much cream will be taken
from a 40-quart can of milk unless he
knows the per cent of fat in the milk
and the grade of cream demanded. If
the milk carried four per cent fat, and the
cream 40 per cent, you would get four
quarts cream from a can, and for your
80 quarts of cream you would require 20
cans of milk, or nearly 1,700 pounds
daily. Upon this basis a can of milk at
five cents per quart would cost $1.20,
and from it you would obtain four quarts
cream, making a cost of 30 cents per quart,
cost of separation to be added, and you
would have the skim-milk for feeding to
offset expense of separation and handling.
If the case was mine, and the sale was
permanent, and my figures apply to yom
situation, I should produce what I could
with means at hand, and buy the remain¬
der. You will need a separator and some
means of cooling the cream. You cer¬
tainly have a good thing; hold to it.

H. E. COOK.

The Outfit Needed.

If we could find a customer who would
take 50 quarts of cream daily at 50 cents
per quart we should have to quit answering
questions for The R. N.-Y., as we should
keep 35 to 40 cows, and have them aver¬

age to bring in for us $1 a day. We can
buy all the cream we want at 10 to 13
cents per quart the year around. Jer¬
seys and Guernseys are certainly* the
best for cream, but your Ayrshires will
work all right, and ought to give milk
that will average 3.8 to four per cent fat.
For machinery you would better get an
aerator or cooler to use immediately after
separating the milk, and a small bottling
machine would be handy, although one
could bottle 80 quarts daily without much
labor. The amount of cream you can get
from a 40-quart can of milk depends upon
the milk and the grade of cream you wish
to turn out. Cream as usually found on
ihe market ranges from 20 to 30 per cent
fat, and some make even higher grades,
but these are usually diluted by the con¬
sumer before using. Our milk averages
about five per cent fat, and we average to
run one quart of cream from five quarts
of milk ; this make the cream average
about 25 per cent fat. A four-per-cent
milk would make only 20-per-cent cream
on the same basis. If you have a cus¬
tomer who will pay 50 cents per quart for
cream we should expect him to be particu¬
lar as to its grade, that is, quality and
flavor, and if you make your own milk
you can control this much better than
when you buy your milk. The milk you
would ordinarily buy would not average
over three per cent fat; 40 quarts of three-
per-cent milk would make four quarts of
30-per-cent cream, and at 50 cents per
quart this would leave you SO cents per
can for skimming, labor, freight, etc.
We should prefer to make our own milk,
as we could turn out a better article and
have all there is in it, and at 50 cents
per quart there ought to be enough in it.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

Results of Experience.

We have had over eight years’ experi¬
ence in selling cream, and consider it the
most profitable way of disposing of the
dairy produce. A good quality will bring
the price you quoted, beside leaving milk
sweet from separator, as a secondary
profit. Some arrangement should be made
for cooling cream, before bottling. We
used the Cooley milk cans, with faucet
at bottom, immersed in cold water. A
bottle filler would save time, but is not
a necessity, with small dairy; we filled
from faucet in can, and pouring by hand
also. It is best to use your name on
bottles ; is not more expensive after first
cost of name-plate. Have bottles includ¬
ed in price for cream, if you wish to
have them returned. The bottle cap, of
heavy paper, which is discarded after one
use, is preferable to the permanent metal
ones, which soon rust. Hard wood boxes
with racks for holding 24 pints, or 12
quarts, lined with zinc, that ice may be
used in Summer, is a good size for han¬
dling easily. Between six and seven
quarts of cream should be taken from a
40-quart can of milk, or one to six. Much
depends on breed of cows. We use grade
Guernseys. If you are able to control the
care of cows, milking, separating, etc.,
it would be safer to produce your own
milk than to buy, as “stable odors” will
destroy quality of cream more than any
one thing. a. v.

Amsterdam, N. Y.

WHAT BREED OF HENS?

Taking the Barred Plymouth Rock fowls
as a standard, which is the best all-round
fowl for the farmer, Plymouth Rocks, Wyan-
dottes, Indian (Tame, Rhode Island Reds, Leg¬
horns, White and Brown, Blue Andalusians?
Which are the best layers, the best table fowl
and the hardiest? Is there a breed that is
better than those named above?

Chitwood, Ore. m. L. d.

It is very unsatisfactory to advise any¬
one what breed of poultry to keep, as so
'much depends on the locality, markets
and personal tastes. There are well-known
a’tributes which each breed possesses, and
if one stops to reason out what he is keep¬
ing hens for he can easily find out what
breed will suit him. Thus if he wishes to
make a specialty of fancy eggs, and get
an extra price for his pains, then he wants
one of the Mediterranean class, and the
Leghorns are the hardiest and best known
of these. If the poultryman’s tastes run to
raising broilers or a table fowl then he
needs some of the American breeds, and
either the Plymouth Rocks or Wyandottes
will satisfy him, as they are better layers
than the Asiatics, and good table fowls as
well. If he only wishes to keep a few
hens for eggs on his own table, and eat
the surplus, it does not matter what breed
is adopted, so long as he takes good care,
and occasionally introduces new blood. Do
not cross the different breeds, and do not
keep culls, or your pride and interest in
your flock is soon gone, and they are neg¬
lected. There is a difference in strains of
the same breed. We had once a flock of
Barred Rocks which never paid their
board, and we have known other flocks
that were fine layers, the credit for which
is due to some breeder who has bred his
birds with a purpose in view, and not sim¬
ply haphazard, as too many do who think
a hen is a hen. floyd q. white.

Sali

Separator S

WHICH?

Tubular or

;Simple Bowl or
Izzers or

Right Now or
Waist Low Can or
Self Oiling or
Wash 3 Minutes or
All the Butter or
Best Butter or
Tubular or

Bucket Bowl?
Complicated? j
Hasbeens?
Were Once?
Head High Can?
Oil Yourself?
Wash Thirty?
Most All?
Medium Butter?
bucket Bowl?

WHICH DO YOU WANT?

Tubulars are dif¬
ferent, very dif¬
ferent. Just one
iTubular — the
[Sharpies. All
the others make
bucket bowls —
can’t make Tubu-.
lars because they'
are patented. Ask
for catalog B- 153.

Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, Illinois West Chester, Pa.

Want Power?

Steam’s the dependable thing. Cheapest and made
simple enough and safe
enough for any user and
any purpose by

LEFFEL

Steam Engines.

Leffel stands always for
highest efficiency— w e 1 1
shown in its line of small
powers adapted to farm
uses. Quick steamers and
equal to any duty.
Many styles in up¬
rights and horizon¬
tals. Before you buy
inquire into Leffel
efficiency. Write for
large ti ee .catalog.

The James
LeUel&Co.,

Box 146

Springfield.O.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse
hide, Calf skin, Dog
skin, or any other kind
of hide or skin, and let
us tan it with the liair
on, soft, light, odorless
and moth-proof, for robe,
rug, coat or gloves.

But first get our Catalogue,
giving prices, and our shipping
tags and instructions, so as to
avoid mistakes. We also buy
raw furs and ginseng.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

There are only two classes of Root Cut¬
ters. There is only one in the first
class. That one is the

BANNER Sr.

It’s the one with the self feed- 1
ing, shaking grate— shakes
outall dirt, gravel, etc. raves
the knives and makes clean, I
wholesome stock food. It lit- 1
erally makes ribbons of all I
roots and vegetables. X’re- 1
vents all choking. Itcutsfastl
and turns easy. Thousands in I
fuse and not a single com-
plaint. We make the Banner I
in 7 sizes for hand and power.
Our IlliiHtruted Catalogue
tells the whole story. Ask for it. It’s Free.

|0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, Ypsilanti, Mich.|

Largest Root Cutter Makers in the W or Id.

£ “Corn Is King.*' Its wonderful possibilities practic
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work;

CRE OF CORN

I

Its wonderful possibilities practical*

| “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.”

• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-
I struction and the process of filling, to which is added |
! complete and reliable information regarding Silage and

Iits composition; feeding and a treatise on rations,
being a Feeders* and Dairymens* Guide.

I* I — Advantages of ihe Silo. IV— How to Make Silage,

II— Building the Silo. V— Feeding Silage,
j III— Silage Crops. VI —A Feeder’s Guide.

| 212 pages of plain, practical information for

i practical mon. Contains just the things
you have wanted to know and could not finciolflo-
_ whero. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10
cents, etampB or coin.

.THE SILVER MFG.CO.,

Salem, Ohio.

:22 Cream
Separator

FOR $25.00 w e s e 1 1 the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARATOR, capacity, 200
pounds per hour; 250 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for $29.00:
500 pounds capacity per nourfor
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equal ol Separators that RE¬
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$75.00 to $1 25.00.

OUR OFFER. "iTsS'l

rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
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do not find by comparison,
testanduse that Itwillskim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighterand
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
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the Separator to us at our
expense and we will imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepaldforfrelght
charges or otherwise. Cut
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66

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 28,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor.
Dr. Walter Van Fleet, .

Mrs. k. t. Boyle, i AssociaMJ»

John J. DILLON, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union. $2.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8% marks, or 10 Va francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will 'make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rchai. New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for. should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New Y'ork.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

When we denounce any branch of education because
it does not lead directly to money-getting, we would do
well to remember that our greatest pleasures come from
knowledge or accomplishments not directly of commer¬
cial value. Learning to make a living is quite incom¬
plete unless we learn how to live also.

*

Gov. Murphy of New Jersey made a sensible sugges¬
tion about automobiles in his parting message, lie
suggests a law prohibiting the use on the public high¬
ways of autos geared to run faster than 20 miles an
hour. Any man who wants to travel faster than that
in public should get on a railroad train or build a road
of his own! In order to enforce any such law imprison¬
ment must be substituted for a cash line. Put the
“scorchers” behind the bars. That will cool them off!

*

There can he no doubt about the increase in value of
good farm lands at the East. Naturally some sections
are feeling this before others do. The productive power
of land is what gives it value as an investment. When
monied men sec that a good farm is paying as large
and as sure an income on $100 as a bond or share of
stock will do. they are going to the soil for investment.
Good orchard lands just now are as “safe as a Govern¬
ment bond” when handled with skill. I bis better feeling
in regard to farm land is sure to spread. The wheels
on which to push it along are confidence and pride in
•lie business.

*

The papers tell of “Gospel seed" and “Seed and Soil’’
trains running over the railroads in western States.
These trains carry samples of seeds, apparatus and good
lecturers, and go into places where farmers can he
called together. Meetings are held either on board the
train or in some nearby hall, and the train goes on,
apparentlv with a good imitation of the progress of a
political candidate. We are told that this is an excellent
way to reach farmers who, perhaps, could not be at¬
tracted to a farmers’ institute. Is it possible to do such
work in New York? Conditions are different in the

West, hut why not try it here?

*

Few people understand the wonderful increase in the
use of cement for building. From the fence post on the
farm to the skyscraper iu the city this cheap and handy
material is doing service. We are sometimes asked how
cement or concrete will stand fire. There is a notion
that it will crack or crumble under fierce heat. In a
recent article in the Forum, one of the ablest architects
in the country says:

When the heat increased (the Baltimore fire) to 3.000
degrees, almost all buildings, the best of them included, had
to succumb, terra cotta parted from steel, granite split, sand-
si one crumbled, and marble calcined. Well-baked brick and
steel encased in concrete were the only materials that suc¬
cessfully stood the caloric test. Among the dismal ruins
visible as far as the eye could reach, the fireproof home of
the Continental Trust Company, built of concreted sleel,
loomed tip in solitary splendor, to teach Baltimoreans the
lesson of a better construction of their future “Monumental
City.”

Every use of concrete, when properly made, seems to
prove it more worthy of a place on the farm.

There is something really pathetic in seeing a farm
er toil early and late, in sunshine and storm, through¬
out a long season to harvest a crop, and after running
all the risks attendant upon the crop, fighting all its
enemies and conquering them, at last run up against an
agreeable sort of a man in town whose only capita] is a
little box-like office near the railroad station where he
buys the farmer’s produce at the lowest possible price,
and makes three to ten times as much as the farmer
did. As one young man recently told us : “There are
two of those fellows down there, and they are skinning
the lives out of the farmers. They are sharp as light¬
ning, and are buying for a song lots of stuff that the
farmers raise.”

*

Not long since we saw a man take a cigar from his
pocket and give it to a boy who had done him some
little service. The boy had not finished growing. He
was too young to use tobacco.

“Why did you do that?” we asked.

“Well, I had to give him something, and what is there
besides a cigar for such a gift?”

“Why not give him a good apple?”

“Why, I never thought of that !”

The idea struck him at once. It ought to hit others.
Most boys or men who accept such a gift would prefer
a good Baldwin apple to a cigar, ll would certainly do
them more good. Here is another chance for the Apple
Consumers’ League to combine business with reform.
Come, gentlemen — let’s "have something” — an apple !

4

In all the pride of our National prosperity, we would
do well to remember these facts also, summarized in
Robert Hunter’s book, "Poverty”:

There are probably in fairly prosperous years no less than
10,000,000 persons in poverty; that is to say, underfed,
underelothed. and poorly housed. Of these about 4.000,000
persons are public paupers. Over 2,000.000 workingmen are
unemployed from four to six months in the year. About
500.000 male immigrants arrive yearly and seek work in the
very districts where unemployment is greatest. Nearly half
the families in the country are propertyless. Over 1.700.000
little children are forced to become wage earners when they
should still be in school. About 5.000.000 women find it nec¬
essary to work and about 2,000,000 are employed in factories
and mills. Probably no loss than 1,000,000 workers are in¬
jured or killed each year while doing their work, and about
10.000.000 of the persons now living will, if the present ratio
is kept up, die of the preventable disease, tuberculosis.

There are always two sides to every question. If we
could make the 10,000,000 prosperous enough to buy
needed food and clothing we should add to our own
prosperity.

+

We are often asked why the ordinary farm windmill
cannot be used to generate electricity for lighting or
working. In theory this cheap and simple power ought
to do such work well. Every attempt to produce cheap
light in this way has failed. Wind power is too unre¬
liable. The mill stands still just when you want it to
go. With a steady wind and a good governor the light
may he produced, but at high cost. When the wind fails
storage batteries are needed, and these cost too much.
From time to time reports come of a new storage bat¬
tery which Mr. Edison has invented. It is said to be so
simple and effective that it will solve the problem of
cheap farm power. We understand that this device is
not yet ready for work.

=t=

A popular subscription has been started among gar¬
deners of both continents for the erection of a monu¬
ment in Paris, France, to the famous Vilmorin family
of seedsmen that for four generations, covering over
150 years, has in every honorable way promoted the
interests of advanced agriculture and horticulture. It
is said that while the Vilmorins may not have succeeded
in making two blades of grass grow where only one
grew before in all parts of the world, there certainly
would be without their long-sustained efforts less grain
in our fields, less sugar in the beet and fewer flowers
m our gardens. France has ever led in the refinements
of true civilization, and in no way can universal
gratitude for her achievements in the arts of peace be
better expressed than by aiding the proposed testimonial
to this most useful family, whose name has become a
household word wherever reliable seeds are planted.

*

We have letters from readers in Kansas who live in
sections where gas or oil has been found. Oil men
desire to lease farms so as to begin boring. For the
benefit of these farmers we have obtained statements
from readers in Ohio and Pennsylvania who have leased
such land. We shall publish the facts as soon as we
obtain a little more information. It seems that many
farmers have been “caught" by contracts which gave
nearly all the advantages to the prospector. It is not
safe to give a long lease — few such farms are sold
outright. Two years is long enough. Always reserve at
least 200 feet around buildings on which no well is to
be drilled. Have it clearly stated in the lease that the
drilling is to begin at once and the well completed in
specified time — after which if no gas or oil is

found a definite rent per acre is to be paid. If this
is not stated the prospector may do nothing but simply
hold the lease open and try to sell it to some one else.
Speculators attempt to do this, and such a clause will
shut them out. The lease should also have a forfeiture
clause, so that if the prospector fails to live up to his
agreement the lease is forfeited. A farmer cannot be
too careful about making an arrangement of this sort.

1 he price paid for oil is usually one-eighth of the
product piped to the tank. The payments for gas run
from $200 to $500 for each well, payable quarterly in ad¬
vance. Do not sign a lease giving the right “to convey
oil or gas obtained on this or other land" without extra
compensation. With such a lease they could cover your
farm with pipes and carry all the oil or gas they de¬
sired over it free. In some States hundreds of farmers
are drawing comfortable incomes from these oil and gas
rentals. They are profitable for the farmer, but not
very good for the farm.

*

There is a mix-up over the scheme to enlarge the
Erie Canal that will be hard to straighten out. The
people of the State voted by a majority of over 250.000
to enlarge the canal so that large barges can be floated
through it. This is to be done at State expense at an
estimated total cost of nearly $300,000,000. With the
exception of those living in a few counties in western
New York, farmers of the State were almost a unit
against the enlargement. Most of the vote in favor of
the scheme was piled up in Buffalo and Greater New
^ ork by voters who have no real estate and pay no
taxes. It is safe to say that the great- majority of those
who voted against the canal enlargement are taxpayers
and freeholders. Naturally they feel that a huge debt
and a useless encumbrance has been saddled upon them
by the vote of irresponsible people. They feel justified
under the circumstances in attempting to secure another
vote or delay the work. They will try to prove that the
law under which the Legislature authorized canal en¬
largement is unconstitutional. Failing in this they will
attempt to have the Legislature call for another election
by submitting the question to the people again. Contracts
for work on the canal are ready for awarding, but they
are being held up until the Attorney General can give
an opinion regarding the law. Delay is in the interest
of those who oppose the canal. The R. N.-Y. opposed
the canal enlargement at State expense. We felt that
all the moral arguments are to be found on that side.
We do not, however, share in the opinion of some
enthusiastic people that another election would make any
change in the result. The so-called “labor vote” in this
great city will always be cast solidly in favor of any
scheme to pay out money for work. This vote cannot
he changed, and all the arguments on the other side
will only make this vote larger. We regret that this is
so, hut farmers might as well look the facts in the face.

BREVITIES .

If you can’t be cheerful — lie cheer half full.

“You’re another!" is no argument even if true I

Do not pay your “tin" for a galvanized iron sap evap¬
orator.

We never had so much correspondence about pigs. Mr.
Hog has his friends and enemies.

“Mb for New England,” writes the Michigan man on page
55. Mead for New England — -with reservations!

It is interesting to find a man in Nova Scotia and one In
Seattle, Wash., asking the same question, page 58.

Necessity is a good teacher, lint who would erect a mon¬
ument to his memory while the teaching is going on?

When will housewives learn to judge the contents of the
package rather than by the outside label? When they rec¬
ognize the color of a Ben Davis apple!

A Chicago man with a wife and 19 children owns up to
Supporting them on $9 a week. We think lie could give val¬
uable points to. the author of “The Simple Life."

The Rhode Island Experiment Station lias secured a quan¬
tity of limoid. and will make experiments with the K.-L.
mixture for those who would like lo try it. This is first-rate
work.

The recent action of the National Live Stock Association
in barring railroads from membership In that body is an out¬
come of the resentment felt by cattlemen against unjust
discrimination in rates.

It is reported that there is trouble at the custom house
over tlie importation of sugar beet seed for feeding purposes,
which is dutiable, while when the seed is imported for sugar
purposes it is on the free list.

One reader finds fault with "The Business lien" because
he says lie already knows all there is in it with one excep¬
tion. The hook was not intended for the expert. We have,
however, been able to obtain the information this man lacked.

A directory of American institutions dealing with tuber¬
culosis has been published by the New York Charity Organ¬
ization Society and the National Society for rite Study and
Prevention of Tuberculosis. Its 250 pages include much
that will he of value to those Interested in the "white
plague.”

Private advices from Panama give prices for some fruits
as follows : Figs, per pound, 00 cents silver, 30 cents
gold: grapes, $1 a pound silver. 50 cents gold: apples, three
for 20 cents silver, and poor at that: bananas, eo.coanuts and
oranges dearer than in New York. We fear that the Amer¬
ican Apple Consumers’ League will lie under a cloud on the
Isthmus.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

67

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Fire a t Chelsea. Mass., January 12, de¬
stroyed the Academy of Music, the only playhouse in (lie
citv, rendering at least 30 families homeless, endangering
the lives of more than r>0 people, throwing the inhabitants
of the city into a state of fear and excitement, and causing
a loss of' about .$250,000. . . . Gessler Rosseau, whose

antecedents are a mystery and who is the man who in May,
1903, sent an infernal machine to the Cttnard Line pier in
New York where the Umbria then was berthed, was arrested
in Philadelphia, I’a., January 13. An infernal machine with
all wires connected was discovered by the detectives in a tele¬
scope carried by the prisoner, lie admits that his purpose
was to blow ui>' English ships. lie is the man who recently
attempted to destroy t lie statue of Frederick the Great in
Washington. . . . The Corn Products Company's big
stanh plant at Oswego, N. Y., caught lire January 13 and
suffered a loss of $150,000 before the flames were extin¬
guished. Scores of men and women were at work in the
building and there were many narrow escapes, but only one
was seriously hurt. A year ago a starch factory located on
the same site was destroyed, the loss being $300,000. . . .
A bill was introduced in (lie lower branch of the Massachu¬
setts Legislature January 12 to prohibit corporations from
making contributions for political purposes, and providing
tines and imprisonment as penalties for violations of the pro¬
posed law. . Charles Lawton Work, the onetime

prominent Philadelphia yachtsman, was arrested January 13
and held in $2,500 bail for examination January 28. He is
charged with using the United States mails to further a
gigantic get-rich-quick swindle. Five years ago Work and
J Wells Levitt, alias Eugene Reyenthaler, conducted, it is
alleged, t he "Investors’ Trust," with offices at 1221 Arch
street. Philadelphia. Hundreds fell victims to the "Trust's”
alluring promises of speedy wealth, and the crash of the con¬
cern in 1890 meant the wiping out of many hard-earned bank
accounts. The Investors' Trust was supposed to run a dis¬
cretionary pool in stock speculation. Inside information on
important and lucrative stock manipulation was claimed, and
profits of fj-om 15 to 20 per cent a month were promised.
Investments of less than $2f> were not considered: invest¬
ments of less than 8100 were considered as "flyers" only, be¬
cause, as the circulars of the concern stated, "there is no
protit to us in sums less than $100." In May. 1900. Work
and Levitt were indicted by the United States Grand Jury
in the Eastern District, of Pennsylvania. Three counts were
returned against them. Work and Levitt evaded arrest, flee¬
ing to Europe with, it is alleged, about $500,000. Levitt is
•qill there, it is believed. Work returned a few weeks ago.

The Pathfinder irrigation project on the North Platte
Itiver in Wvoming and Nebraska has been definitely decided
upon, and it is now announced that actual construction will
begin on the great dam near Alcova on February 1. This is
the greatest scheme of reclamation ever undertaken by the
National Government. If involves the construction of irri¬
gation works of vast extent, including three permanent dams,
two temporary diversion dams, three outlet tunnels through
solid rock formations and several great distributing canals —
nil these being built at different points along the Platte with¬
in a distance of 210 miles. ... Six miners were burned
to death and as many more are missing ns the result of a fire
in the mines of the Decatur Coal Company. Decatur. Ill..
January 16. . . . The Anti-Cigarette law of Iowa was

affirmed January 16 by' the Supreme Court in the cases
brought by agents of the American Tobacco Company, on the
ground that it was an attempt on the part of the State to
interfere with interstate commerce. The cigarettes were
shipped in the usual small boxes, containing 10 each, which
ii was asserted covers original packages, and were shovelled
into t Do car in bulk and unloaded in the same way. On the
basis of the courts decision in the Tennessee law. which it
affirmed, it held that, like that case, this was too palpable an
effort to evade the law to invoke the interstate commerce
clause Besides, the small boxes were not. the original pack¬
ages in which cigarettes were usually shipped from State to
sTate Justice White concurred in the opinion, and Chief
Justice Fuller and Justices Brewer and Peckliam dissented.

The Postal Progress League, at its meeting in Cooper
Union New York. January 13. was informed by Chairman
Post of Battle Creek, Mich., that lie had prepared papers
and ’would ask the United Stales Supreme Court for a re¬
straining order to prevent Senator Thomas C. Platt from tak¬
ing his seat, because of his position as president of the
United States Express Company, which renders him inimical
to postal reform.

HAITI— Mr Powell, the American Minister, has informed
the Government of Haiti that the United States Government
refuses to recognize the validity of the sentence in contumacy
of 15 years’ imprisonment at hard labor pronounced by the
Haitian court on Jaeger Huber, an American citizen, for al¬
leged complicity in the bond frauds charged against the ad¬
ministration of ex-President Sam and officers of the Bank of
Haiti 'Hie United States demands the annulment of the sen¬
tence, under pain of energetic intervention. The alleged
frauds were in connection with a plan of the Sam adminis¬
tration for consolidating t lie debt of the Republic. Before
the refunding scheme was consummated the administration
of Sam was overthrown, and President Nurd caused the arrest
of thirty-three persons, including members of the Sam Cabinet
and officers of the Bank of Haiti, on charges of conspiracy
and the fraudulent issue of from 8609.000 t<> $8.61.000 of
bonds When the trial began last November 28. only 13 of
the defendants were present, the others having fled the
country.

MEXICO. — From the State of Campeche comes the news
that a great army of black ants is marching over the Ohampo-
ton district of that State, and t ha t the inhabitants are fleeing
before them. The insects are of the species known as
"pirinolas,” and their poison is extremely painful. They are
destroying growing crops, and a number of human beings and
scores' of animals are reported to have fallen victims to their
bites. Portions of the Cbampoton district, which lies along
the Gulf of Campeche, have been entirely deserted, and work
of all kinds throughout the entire district has been sus¬
pended. It is said that the ants appear every 10 years.
Where they come from and where they go when they disap¬
pear arc unsolved problems.

FARM AND GARDEN. Charles W. Anderson. New York
State Supervisor of Racing Accounts, having within his jur¬
isdiction the racing associations receiving licenses from the
State Racing Commission, has made bis seventh annual
report to the State Comptroller. It shows that for the sea¬
son which closed on November 15 last the gross receipts of
these associations were 83.805,1 26.01 . and the tax thereon,
which goes to the agricultural societies in this State, was
$190,256.30. These receipts are. with the exception of one
single year, the largest in the history of racing in this coun¬
try. and the tax and the benefits to the agricultural societies
rank correspondingly.

Railroads will not bo admitted this year to membership i i
the National Live Stock Association on account of great oppo¬
sition to that part of the plan of reorganization. The gen¬
eral committee considering the reorganization reported to the
convention January 13. and the majority report opposed the
plan in so far as it applies to railroads. A minority report,
favoring the proposition was also submitted. The strong feel¬
ing which many of the cattlemen harbor against the rail¬
roads was voiced January 12 in an address by S. II. Cowan,
of Fort Worth. Texas. Mr. Cowan declared the railroads
in Texas had increased their rates on cattle, within the last
two years from 20 to 30 tier cent. The existing interstate
commerce law had been of great value, he declared, and lie
was opposed to the enactment of a new statute which might
destroy the benefits derived from the present law. The Texas
delegation threatened to withdraw if the roads were admitted
to membership.

The Society for Horticultural Science met at Philadelphia.
I’a., during the annual meeting of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science on December 17 last, and
had a very successful gathering. One of the sessions took
the form of a union meeting with the Society for Promoting
Agricultural Science, and the addresses of the two presidents
were listened to by the combined audiences. Election of offi¬
cers resulted as follows: President. L. II. Bailey : secretary-
treasurer, V. A. Clark; assistant secretary. IT. P. Hedrick.
W. It. I.azenby is made chairman of the executive committee.

The Wisconsin State Horticultural Society will bold its an
nual convention at Madison, February 7 to 11. There is an
interesting programme.

The Tennessee State Horticultural Society was organized
at Nashville recently, N. W. Hale presiding.’

A mass meeting of the fruit growers of the Hood River
Valley appointed a committee of three to confer with Repre¬
sentative A. A. Jayne concerning proposed legislation for the
protection of the fruit industry in Oregon. The committee
consists of E. L. Smith, president < " the State Board of
Horticulture: A. I. Mason, president of the Hood River Apple
Growers’ Union, and G. R. Castner. The appointment of
county horticultural inspectors was recommended. Other
resolutions provided for the exclusion <f wormy apples from
the markets : that nurserymen be compelled to give bonds
tli at their trees are true to name: that the special and stand¬
ard boxes be made the legal bushel box of Oregon, and the
use of any other size prohibited; that some effort lie made
to prevent the sale of fruit from one district under the name
of another.

Henry I. Budd. Commissioner of Roads of New Jersey and
secretary of the New Jersey State Horticultural Society, died
January 14 at bis home in Ml. Holly, N. .1.. after an illness
of a week. He was 6!) years of age and leaves a widow and
two daughters. He was appointed Commissioner of Roads by
Gov. Worts in 1895 and was successively reappointed by Govs.
Griggs. Voorhees and Murphy. He was a stanch advocate of
the good roads movement and was largely instrumental in
the enactment of the New Jersey State aid for roads. Under
his administration more than 1,000 miles of State and county
roads were built.

The American Breeders' Association will! bold its annual
meeting at Champaign. III.. February 1-3.

The thirtieth annual meeting of the Ayrshire Breeders’
Association will be held in Chipman Hall, Tremont. Temple,
Boston. Mass., February 8.

Tlie twenty-first annual meeting of the Cheshire Swine
Breeders was held at Ithaca. N. Y.. January 10. The secre¬
tary's and treasurer’s report showed an increase in member¬
ship. and that the society is in good financial standing, with
a. cash balance on hand. In the general discussion t He point
was strongly brought out that the best success in selling
was attained through the medium of advertising in the lead¬
ing agricultural papers: also that it would be a benefit both
to the publisher and advertiser if tin1 inquirer would always
state in what pa tier he saw the advertisement. It was voted
to make an exhibit at the Chicago International Fat Stock
Exhibition of Cheshires in 1905, several members contributing
animals to be fitted for the exhibit. The following officers
were elected: (‘resident. .1. II. Gleason. New Milford. I’a.:
vice president. It. D. Button. Canastota. X. Y. : directors, II.
.1. Brown, Harford. N. Y. : B. B. Badger. Ouaquaga. N. Y. ;
Charles Sorenson. Xysted. Neb.: S. G. Otis, Sherwood, N. Y. ;
E. S. Hill, Freeville, N. Y.. secretary and treasurer.

In the agricultural department at the World's Fair at
St. Louis New York stands first in the number and value of
the prizes, medals and awards received. Among the sub¬
jects of grand prizes received were wheat, collection of
grains, garden, field and flower seeds, canned and preserved
fruits, wines and champagnes, manufactured tobacco. There
were seven grand prizes given on fresh vegetables. New York
taking the entire seven. The grand prize banner offered by
the National Butter Makers’ Association for the highest aver¬
age score on butter, was also taken by New York. The total
number of awards received by New York State in the agricul¬
tural department was 840. being more than were received by
any other State in this department and more than New York
received at both the Chicago and Buffalo Expositions com¬
bined. This result should be pleasing to the agriculturists of
the State and shows what New York can do when it makes
the proper effort. _

THE FENCE WIRE PROBLEM DISCUSSED .

Pure Zinc for Galvanizing.

While the lack of durability of galvanized wire, etc., is no
doubt due in part to the scantiness of the modern coating. I
believe that a very important factor is the purity of the
spelter used for coating. A simple experiment, which is
familiar to students in chemistry, will illustrate this point.
1’lace a piece of chemically pure zinc in a glass, and a piece
of commercial zinc in another. Now on adding dilute sul¬
phuric acid to each, it will lie observed that the commercial
zinc is rapidly attacked and dissolved, while the pure zinc
is almost unaffected. The effect on the commercial zinc is a.
galvanic action, due to the presence of impurities (iron. lend,
etc.), which causes the zinc to dissolve far more ranidl.v
than if they were absent. Practically s'milar. although, of
course, much slower effects, take place when zinc coating is
exposed to the weather. It is these impurities. 1 believe,
that are responsible for a good share of our trouble. If
galvanized goods were coated with electrolytic zinc (such as
may be had on the other side, of a guaranteed nurify of 99.98
per cent). I believe that complaints would cease. Zinc of
this character is a regular article of commerce in England,
and may be had at a slight advance over the market rates
for spelter. a. cochran.

The Experiment Station and Wire

I have long thought that there is too much of a tendency
to consider the stations as a sort of detective agency. I do
not think that the stations should be loaded with the fer¬
tilizer control as they are in some States, nor with the en¬
forcement of the law in regard to the San Jose and other
insect troubles. I agree with you that the matter of poor
wire should be looked into, and those responsible for it
should be dealt with by the law. What we need is a vigorous
enforcement of the laws against the trusts that interfere
with business and choke off competition. With anything
like a fair competition there would be good wire on the
market made by some one. What the stations could do in
the matter I am unable to see. The quality of the wire and
the quality of the galvanizing are matters to be found only
by the test of time in use. and anyone can find this out. as
they are finding it out as well as the stations. The courts
are the places where the matter must be tested. If some
one would buy the wire on a written guarantee of its
quality, and then after testing find that it is inferior he can
bring suit against the makers, no matter how big the com¬
pany. But to expect the experiment stations to play the
detective on all the rogues and roguish trusts in the country
would leave them little time for the investigation of the
problems of agriculture for which they were made.

A STATION WORKER.

THE NORTH JERSEY TOMATO CROP .

In this section of Monmouth County, N. J.. the only crop
contracted for by canneries is the tomato. These men. how¬
ever. buy other fruits and vegetables in their season, such as
asparagus, pumpkins, squash, some berries and a few Kieffer
pears. These last named crops, asparagus excepted, are al
ways bought when the market is low. and if not low enough
for them. #they do not buv at all. Perhaps this condition
here is due to our nearness to the large cities, and would not
be the same were we more isolated. The first that I can re¬
member of the tomato commencing was when my father con¬
tracted for and planted a few acres to this vegetable for a
cannery in a neighboring town. At that time. 36 or 37
years ago. this was principally the only tomato farming
done so far as I can remember. The grower received his
plants from a man contracted to do that work by the can
house, and had to pay $3 per 1.000: he grew and delivered
his crop to said cannery in crates furnished him, said to hold
a bushel of 60 pounds', but if well filled would weigh from
75 to 80 pounds, crate included. For this he received 35
cents per crate, or about $11.67 per ton. I well remember
hearing the expressions that price was too low, or crate too
large, and sometimes both. However, the price did not stay
long at 35 cents, neither did the crate stay long that held
about or nearly 2.800 cubic inches, but the price fell faster
than the size of the crate. Nevertheless, during that period,
farmers were learning more about how to produce a larger
crop : better varieties were introduced : larger yields were
secured, and to-day I know some farmers who were finding
fault with nrices ' received at the beginning who are still
growing to-day for $8 and sometimes a little less per ton,
and have been continually at it for nearly or quite 40 years.
I might say that this crop is not grown as a main money
cron, but a few acres are planted to fill out the season after
early crops are finished, also to have an outlet for remainder

of early tomato crop when market gluts. This is one of the
principal advantages to be gained where it can be made a
part of the contract.

In another section of this county, where the early tomato
is not largely grown, the growing of canbouse stock is one
of the principal crops produced, large fields are planted to
late tomatoes exclusively for canning. These men receive
about $8 per ton delivered at factory. The cost of produc¬
ing a crop of late tomatoes to beginning of picking should
not be over $.30 per acre, and in some sections where soil
is strong and adapted to the growth of this crop, the cost
may be still reduced. In sections where the Tomato blight
is not an habitual visitor this crop when properly grown
should yield from eight to ten tons iter acre, and I have
known 15 tons to be taken from one acre of land. In sec¬
tions where farmers are near good canneries, also where they
are away from good markets, or are handicapped in any way
in getting their produce to market, I think it safe to say
there is some clear profit in growing this crop for canning
at $8 as a minimum price per ton. The asparagus crop too
is being grown somewhat for canning, but this is so much
of att infant yet that it is hardly possible for one to say
what can be done by the time a farmer could produce a crop.
Those who have already established beds must be their
own judge whether it will pay them best to ship to market
or sell to eanners. In this section the past season from 2Va
to as high as four cents per pound was paid for asparagus
by eanners. How long this will last no one can say.

C. C. TIULSART.

AN OLD MAN ON AN OLD FARM.

I have a farm of 50 acres, 25 acres of which are covered
with timber, brush and large rocks, not fit to work, nor ever
will be. I keep four cows and two horses and about 70 hens
on an average. Sales in 1904 were as follows: Butter,
3182.22: buttermilk. $169.33: eggs, $128.30; apples,

8125.12; strawberries, $73.83: raspberries. $54.33; cherries.
$36.46; grapes. $14.38: potatoes, $55.80; cabbage. $55.80;
parsnips. $14.73; beans. $10.20: pears. $16.96; poultry,
$15.83: miscellaneous. $41.63; total. $994.92. My wife and
I did all the work, except abort $10 paid for gathering fruit.
Our stock food cost about $215 for bran, middlings, cracked
corn. etc. \Ye grow corn fodder and hay enough to winter
our stock. On account of failure of some of our crops our
income was only about two-thirds of what is usually is.
This report does not show how much the farm produced, only
what was sold. \Ve grew some buckwheat, and probably
1,000 sheaves of rye and three or four loads of mangels, and
cut several tons of hay. We think we did fairly well, taking
all things into consideration. My age is 73, and better half
about 10 years my junior. old luzerne.

Pennsylvania. _

THE RISE OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

It is interesting and gratifying to one who was interested
in the fight for agricultural education in New York State
during 1903 am! 1904. and will be to all. f<> get the point
of view of men high in the agricultural world who watched
the progress of our movements. These men were interested
not only in our success, Du t also in its broader significance,
viz., the effect upon agricultural educational movements
tUroughor. the whole country. It was recently my privilege
to discuss the question with Dr. Davenport, of the Illinois
College; Dean Henry, of Wisconsin, and l’rof. Clinton D.
Smith, of the Michigan College and Experiment Station. In
the first place it was difficult for these men with the western
attitude awards farm life, to understand how it could b.
possime for any educational influence openly to tight indus¬
trial training. ’I hey knew, furthermore, if we were defeated
that agriculture in the East had received a severe blow,
which it could ill afford to stand after its experience of 20
years, and a loss of fuilv one-half its previously assessed
valuation. They also knew that defeat would stagnate to a
greater or less degree their own growth, and so it was hard
indeed for these men to remain at their desks, and not come
to New ' erk and personally engage in the struggle that each
one of these men said was the greatest agricultural victory
and the hardest fought battle of modern times. Prof. Henry
was free to say that the result not only affected New York,
but the entire East in its influence upon land values, and
the Dean is substantiating his belief in the future of the
Fast by investments here in farm lands. One has to come
West to appreciate the value of college training to the farm
boys and to the welfare of the State from such education.
Farmers’ institute meetings are dotted with these men. who
are making money on their farms or getting Dig wages work¬
ing for others. It lias lifted the whole business of farming
into a new atmosphere.

One f*eis that after all he is not talking and working
for an air castle. We are in the ascendency now in t lie
East, with an opportunity to train men that the full equip¬
ment at Cornell lias already provided, and the buildings are
under way. We may expect to get results in a way that
will prove to those who were blind to the needs of the hour
that there was an actual economic demand for better facil¬
ities for industrial training. The Wisconsin University pro¬
vided last year, and will repeat the school again this Win¬
ter, beginning February 14. a two-weeks’ course for farmers
over 25 years of age. Last year the course numbered 160.
from 42 counties of the State. These things are telling upon
agriculture in the West as a competitor of New York. Don't
think : "Oh, well, that will do to write and talk about.” and
at the same time let the West discount us at our own busi¬
ness. Demand of our college a short course for the farmers,
even gray haired men and women, and if there isn’t money
enough plainly tell the Legislature to give more, and you
will pay it back in wealth ten-fold. We have made a good
Start in the East. If our conservatism permits us now
to rest we shall have lost half the battle that cost us much
to win. H. E. COOK.

We have had mild Winter weather: but little snow; the
ground is now bare. Corn about all gathered and crop
above an average: quality of corn exceptionally good. Some
damage to Winter wheat by Hessian fly. Keep agitating
the parcels post. a. m. ji.

Davenport, Neb. _

BUSINESS BITS .

To any responsible person the Victor Talking Machine will
be sent on free trial, to be returned if not satisfactory. The
Talking Machine Co. will send you a machine and let you
try it before deciding to buy it. A free catalogue and a list
of 2.000 records can be had bv addressing the Talking Ma¬
chine Co., Department 4 R, 107 Madison Street. Chicago.

At the annual meeting' of the Vermont Maple Sugar
Makers’ Association, January 11. G. II. Grimm. Rutland. Vt..
was awarded the first premium on the Champion evaporator
and other sugarmakers' utensils, including gathering tanks,
storage tanks, sap spouts, bucket covers, etc. Dudley Carl-
tom Newbury. Yt.. received the highest award and a special
prize on bis exhibit of maple sugar and syrup, and Charles
Stafford. Chippenhook. Vt.. received the first premium on
maple sugar, both using Champion evaporators.

Nearly every reader of this paper would find it profitable
to own and run a “Woodpecker" gasoline engine. We believe
they are making a fair and square offer in our advertising
columns. They have written to us. asking that we say to you
they stand ready to give courteous and personal attention
to any question that any reader of this paper may care to
ask. Don't be afraid to go into details about your farm and
about the machinery you want to run with your power.
They will give you the information you want. Write to
“Woodpecker,” Main Street Office, Middletown. Ohio.

There is no longer any question about the advisability and
the benefits of dishorning cattle. But at this time of year,
when stock is shut up most of the time, they are more liable
to injure themselves and others, when turned out for air and
exercise, than when they are running out all of the time. To
prevent this damage and often loss dishorning is made
absolutely necessary. By the use of the Keystone disborner
the operation will not be laborious and will cause but an in¬
stant's pain. This up-to-date dishorner is made by M. ’]’.
Phillips, of Pomeroy. Pa., who will be pleased to send de¬
scriptive circulars and prices to all interested parties.

68

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

January 28,

[ Woman and Home

From Day to Day.

A KNACK.

Oh, I am a woman whose house Is a sight!
From garret to cellar there’s nothing that's
right,

For day after day I am striving and straining
To reach perfect neatness, but never attaining
While I'm washing the windows the carpets
get dusty ;

While I'm cleaning the pantry the parlor
grows musty ;

My meals are behind time and always have
been,

And I just get my bed made in time to get in.
The neighbors make comment, “Alas ! and
alack !

Poor thing, she works hard and don't want to
be slack ;

Put somehow or other, she hasn't a knack !”
Oh, a very fine thing 't is to have a great
knack !

Now 1 have a neighbor whose house is just
right,

Whenever you enter from morning till night :
.She gives a touch here and she gives a touch
there,

And all is in order from cellar to stair.

Should I ask for the reason, her friends all
can tell :

“Oh, she has a great knack of doing things
well !”

It's not that she works any more than her
neighbors.

Rut she knows how to get good results from
her labors.

Oh, yes it is plain she is blessed with a
knack !

That coveted gift which so sadly I lack.

So she sits at her ease while I'm breaking my
back —

Oh, a very fine thing 't is to have a great
knack !

Oh, is there no merchant who traffics in
knacks !

By wholesale or retail, in barrels or sacks?

Or is there no ship that sails over the sea
1 bring in its cargo a great, knack for me?
There’s many a peddler out tramping the
road —

Is there one with a half-dozen knacks in bis
load?

O'er mountain and valley i'll follow bis track.
I'll seize him by force and I'll rifle his pack,
For I am determined I'll have what 1 lack —
Oh, a very fine thing 't is to have a great
knack !

— New York Sun.

*

Coffee creams are delicious homemade
candies. Boil together half a cupful of
strong coffee and two cupfuls of sugar
until the syrup strings when it drips from
a spoon. Remove from the fire and beat
until creamy. Stir in a cupful of chopped
nuts, and pour into a shallow buttered pan
to cool. When quite cold cut into squares.
*

Some of the English papers recently
published the portrait of a very remark¬
able woman, Elizabeth Pulley, who has
remained in domestic service in the same
family for 70 years. She entered the fam¬
ily of General Carnell in 1S34, at the age
of 10, being promoted, in the course of
time, to the position of housekeeper, which
she still holds. This record is evidence of
unusual virtues on the part of both em¬
ployer and employed.

*

We have heard of a fresh-air child who
on her return to the city last Summer in¬
sisted upon taking an egg from her lunch
basket and carrying it in her hand, lest
something should happen to it on the jour¬
ney. Naturally in the jolting crowd
something did happen to it. x “Now you 11
have to throw that away,” said the dea¬
coness, as the child endeavored to gather
up the fragments. “Oh, I wanted to
carry it home to mamma,” mourned the
child ; "it was one the hen made herself.”
*

Fudge is the simplest of all candies — yet
it has an exasperating habit of failing
to come out just right. Some use, how¬
ever, may be made of chocolate fudge that
won’t “fudge.” If too thin, and sticky,
heat some butter thins or other crisp
crackers, spread with a thin layer of hot
fudge, and lay another cracker on top.
These fudge crackers are very good. If
the fudge has been cooked too long and
stiffened too much, break it up and melt
it with a cupful of molasses. When it
comes to a boil pour it into a buttered

pan, and when half cold mark into squares
with the back of a knife. Chocolate car¬
amels are the result.

*

A variety of belts or girdles does not
necessarily mean extravagance, if the
wearer is handy with her fingers. Pieces
of soft silk or short lengths of ribbon may
be made into very attractive girdles. 1 he
narrow girdles are usually made by gath¬
ering tucks at the back and front, some¬
times the sides also, and staying the
shirred part to the desired width with
whalebone. The whalebone should be en¬
cased and fastened with cat-stitching. The
belt is fastened with an ornamental
buckle, or with invisible hooks. The high-
pointed girdle must be made over a fitted
lining, well boned to keep it in place.
These deep boned foundations can be
bought ready-made, like the collar foun¬
dations.

*

Immediately after the holidays the
large shops show new styles in wash
gowns and waists, for the benefit of tour¬
ists going South. From these one may
get many good ideas for the Summer
sewing to be worked* out before house-
cleaning time. Among those noted were
some extremely pretty gowns of dotted
swiss, both white and colored. A very
attractive model was broWn swiss with
small white dots. The skirt was full,
gathered at the top, trimmed with three
ruffles, each about four inches deep. The
ruffles were edged with narrow white lace
(Valenciennes). The waist had a round
yoke of lace, bordered by a gathered ber¬
tha of the swiss; the sleeves full. A deep
shirred belt of the swiss finished the
bodice. A similar model in white dotted
swiss had full elbow sleeves, and was
trimmed with tiny oval wreaths of pale
pink and pale blue ribbon forget-me-nots.
The little wreaths, about two inches
across, have a foundation of milliner’s
wire, which is covered with the ribbon
flowers. The wreaths are used just as a
buckle would be in trimming. Sometimes
the wire is simply covered with twisted
ribbon, finished at the top by a little rosette
or bow-knot. _

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

The' Winter, so far, has been a succes¬
sion of freezing and thawing, that keeps
people thinking about their clothes, for
sometimes we wear too heavy garments
while the weather is mild, then comes a
sharp frost and thick woolen clothing is
needed. We had so much trouble with the
boys during the early January thaw, for
they were constantly coming in with wet
feet and stockings soaked with soft snow;
then bad colds resulted, and loss of school¬
ing, that is always a pity in midwinter
when there is plenty of time for countn
boys to take in knowledge. One thing
about boys, they throw off their ailments
as quickly as possible by determined will
power, and seldom like to be coddled for
long. This northern climate ought to
make strong men and women of the chil¬
dren who live an out-of-door life, as
they will if given half a chance. After
trying several remedies we found old-
fashioned goose oil most efficacious. I
think about the children a great deal these
quiet days when I sit in the kitchen mend¬
ing their jackets or stockings, while
Father’s old clock tick-tacks away the
hours. Regular kickers they are, and one
day there will be a blanket to mend, and
the next day a quilt, ^nd their restless feet
seem always determined to make holes in
their heels. “Minty” is an easy-going
mother, but is always saying “Don’t” and
"Stop” till the boys get so used to hearing
it they don’t mind a bit. Once when Sher¬
man was a little fellow some one asked
him his name, and without a moment’s
hesitation, he answered, “My name is Sher¬
man Stop.” It is quite a problem, this

matter of education, and the boys are be¬
hind those of their age who attend more
advanced schools. Besides, in potato-pick¬
ing time or some other hurried work it
is a temptation for Brother to take the
little fellows out of school. They are al¬
ways willing, and he doesn’t fail to call
on them to stay at home for such purposes,
and then wonders when examination day
comes, why they are behind the rest of
their class. It seems to me that methods
of education in country schools have not
materialized into a plan for teaching just
those things we are most likely to need.
A rhyme I read the other day fits into this
thought :

To get rich quick with reckless haste

\Ve risk our little store.

To get wise quick, we cram the young

\> ith fifty kinds of lore.

To get strong quick, we strain and pull

And sawdust food we pick,

Until it seems we moderns need

A scheme to cet slow quick.

Cramming the young has not yet reached
this faraway corner, but the subject of an
advanced education is a very serious one
to families of small means and high aspi¬
rations, and there are many of that sort.
I hope the lads will make good farmers,
for it is such an interesting life, nowa¬
days, when there are agricultural colleges,
and farmers’ institutes and experiment
stations, and there is no reason for a
lack of intelligent work.

“Minty” would like them to choose some
profession, but it is just as honorable to
be a good farmer, and there is no reason
why it need run to drudgery, for there is
study and work for brain as well as mus¬
cle, and it requires a more thorough all¬
round man to make it a success, than any
other occupation. But I need not dream
so far ahead — only we all know it is best
to have a good foundation whatever fol¬
lows.

This is the first year we have enjoyed
salsify. 1 sowed some seed last Spring,
being taken with the name “vegetable
oyster.” It did not grow very large, but
was taken up in Autumn and put into a
box of sand. When to be used the roots
are scraped, and this should be done by
keeping the hands under water during the
process, for if exposed to the air they be¬
come discolored and brown. It made good
soup cut into small bits, and has the flavor
of the oyster, but was most successful
made into fritters. This was done by
mashing the boiled salsify fine and mixing
with beaten egg, then making a batter in
the usual way. A neighbor had chanced
to stay to supper the first night I tried
them and remarked: “What nice oyster
fritters you make, Charity,” and now she
intends to grow salsify next year.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

ROYAL

Baking Powder
exceeds all

ANAEMIA

is thin blood. It causes pale
faces, white lips, weak nerves
and lack of vitality. A blood-
enriching, fat producing food-
medicine is needed. Scott’s
Emulsion goes to the root of
the trouble, strengthens and
enriches the blood, and builds
up the entire system. For
anaemic girls, thin boys, and
enfeebled mothers, it is the
standard remedy. It builds
up and strengthens the entire
system with wonderful ra¬
pidity.

We’ll send you a sample free.

Scott & Bowne, 409 Pearl St., New York.

[MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHINQ SYRUP

1 haa been u*ed by Millions ot Mothers for their '
children while Teething
1 It Boothee the child, s<

1 all pain, cures wind
. remedy ror diarrhoea.

mirpVrrvrTnT' nrVTi

COLD COIN

t,r ' Stoves and Ranges

at. Y* liolesale Prices.
To Introduce this well known
line In your town, or where
they are m t now
sold, wo will send
on approval,
freight p epalcl,
securely crated,
nicely blacked,
ready to set up a
GOLD OOl N
K A N(> K or Heat¬
ing Stove at whole¬
sale prices. This
line husbeen man ■
ufactured for over
forty years and
this fact ” alone Is a sufficient guarantee as to
tbeirvalue. Write to-day for lllustiated catalog and
w bolesale prices. Gold Coin Stove Go., Troy, N .Y.

5^° And Safety

Iv J pj. 2

PROFESSIONAL men Mid
* other# with limited oppor¬
tunity for profitable home in¬
vestment are advised hy many
conservative authorities to
utilize the facilities of this Com¬
pany for effecting loansoit high-
olatts real estate. Our ‘ * certi¬
ficate” system Is the simplest
plan for mail investment.
Write for detahed information.

upward, with-
• drawable on 30
days' notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Assets,. SI ,700.000
Surplus and Protits,
*160,000

Industrial Savings A LoanCo*
1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

No Smoke House. Bmoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Madefrom hickory wood. Glvesdeliciousflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir¬
cular. E, Kruuser <fc Bro., Milton. Pa.

YALTY PAID

-ON

and Musical Compositions
„ We arrange and popularize

- wx, - PIONEER MUSIC PUB. CO.

11 g-PoeillS 30s Manhattan Bhig., Chicago, Ill.

ABY RAMBLER ROSE

Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
er novelties as well as a general list of nursery
k. Illustrated descriptive catalogue t ULL.

others in
leavening power,
purity and
wholesomeness;

makes food
lighter, sweeter,
of finer flavor.

No other
should be used.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Water Proof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It,

Practically Eire Proof.
Gan Be Used on Steep or
E’lat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack.
Light in Weight.

Does Not Taint AVater.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE. PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

69

A Cold Ride

“And you have got to go out in it?”
cried the neighbor who had come in. “It
is just awful out; it is so cold. You will
freeze to death. Why, I am chilled through
just coming over here, and you have got
to go eight miles before you get back.”

Ellen looked at her neighbor’s thin
shoes, damp with melting snow, her print
gown and the small thin shawl she had
thrown over her head. “I shall prepare
for it,” she cried, “and I shall not suffer

“You don’t know how cold it is.”

“I’ll find out,” said Ellen, and she left

4921 Blouse or Shirt Waist,
32 to 42 bust.

the room, coming back in a minute with
the announcement that the thermometer
stood at 15 degrees above zero. “There is
no wind,” she said, “so I won’t have to
cover up my ears, as I do sometimes. You
see I dress according to the thermometer.
Now if there was a strong wind, or if it
was six or eight degrees colder, 1 should
have to wear a hood, and take a hot soap¬
stone for my feet, but as it is I won’t
have to.”

She brought out the outer garments she
was to wear, besides a pair of wristers,
two pairs of knit mittens, one inside the
other, and a pair of arctic overshoes. These
things she put near the fire, and then
sat down comfortably to warm her feet.

“You see there is a great deal in get¬
ting a good start. You begin by having
your hands and feet piping hot and feeling
warm all over, and you are not nearly
as likely to suffer as you would if you
started out feeling chilly. You see I have
driven a great many miles in all weathers,
and I know how to get along quite com¬
fortably.”

At length Ellen be an putting on her
things. “There are various expedients to
be used when necessary,” she said. “A
newspaper up the back and another across
the chest keep out the cold wonderfully.
A golf cape is good to keep neck and
shoulders comfortable, though you do
not want to forget to dress warmly under
it. I always try to get my outer garments
of some coarse rough cloth. Astrachan is
very good. It does not look as nice as
fine, smooth goods, but it is much warmer.
When it is actual zero weather, or below
zero, there is danger of freezing the face.
At such times I wear a hood, and in addi¬
tion I put on one of these knitted or
crocheted wool shawls, bringing it down
over forehead and up over moufh and
nose, just leaving eyes exposed. This is
not pretty, nor particularly agreeable to
breathe through, especially if the shawl
has been packed in moth balls at some time
in its existence, but it is much better than
frostbites. Besides, you have the fun of
knowing that you add to the gaiety of na¬
tions, for everyone who sees you smiles
at your appearance as well as their half-
frozen faces will let them. A veil would
do in less extreme cases, but I hate the
things.”

Ellen went out of the room a moment,
coming back with a lantern, which she
proceeded to light.

“For the land's sake !” cried the neigh¬
bor. “You going hunting for an honest
man ?”

Ellen laughed. "No, this is to keep me
warm. On a long trip it is better than a
brick or soapstone, for they get cold after
awhile when you nee.d them most. The
worst of it is, heat rises, and as the floor
of the sleigh is cold I have to use a stone
too, when the temperature is down below
zero, or my feet will be cold.”

The neighbor followed Ellen to the
barn. “I want to see this thing through,”
she said, "though l ought not to have
stayed so long.”

Ellen got into the sleigh, placed the lan¬
tern between her feet, arranging her skirt
so it would not hit against the lantern,
though the blaze was not high and there
was no danger of scorching. Then she
tucked two robes about her, the outer one
being of fur, and gathered up the reins.

“The nice thing about the lantern is that
it keeps my knees good and warm, and
when my hands get cold 1 can drive with
one and put the other under the robe and
warm it. And when I come to a hill I
let the horse walk, drop the reins on the
dasher, and warm both hands.”

“Well, I don’t see but wbat you are
well fixed for your ride. I guess you'll
keep from freezing.”

“No danger of that,” said Ellen. She
spoke to the horse and they went jingling
out of the yard, while the neighbor
picked her shivering way home.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

The Rural Patterns.

The skirt and waist here figured would
combine to make a very pretty shirtwaist
dress. The waist consists of the fitted
lining, which can be used or omitted as
preferred, fronts and back. The back is
laid in box pleats for its entire length,
and the fronts in two box pleats of full
length, two at each side to yoke depth
only. The chemisette is arranged under
the fronts, attached to position at the right
side and hooked into place at the left, and
the closing of the . waist is made invisibly
at the center. The sleeves are full with
straight cuffs. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 4 yards
21 inches wide, ?>'/ yards 27 inches wide
or 2J4 yards 44 inches wide, with -)4 yard
of all-over material for chemisette and
collar. The pattern 4921 is cut in sizes for
a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust meas¬
ure; price 10 cents.

The skirt is cut in nine gores, the box
pleats concealing all seams, and is stitched
flat to well below the hips, being pressed
into position below. The quantity of mate-

4922 Nine Gored Box Plaited Skirt,
22 to 30 waist.

rial required for medium size is 1334 yards
21 inches wide, 12-34 yards 27 inches wide
or 7 yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
4922 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and
30 inch waist measure; price 10 cents.

fes ATVi

0?M

• this

MONEY

*>YOU

V *’

' Tfc. l\ i

■toe

&

V

X

•tgfl

"T/

And not only a few cents
here and there, but as much
money as you are willing to
work for. Thousands of other
boys are making as much
spending money as they want

SELLING

THE SHTUIWHY
EVENING POST

Some of them make as much as
$15 a week. No reason why
you shouldn’t be able to get
your share. Just send for our
handsome booklet, “ Boys Who
Make Money,” and you’ll find that
it’s easy after all. We’ll send along
with the booklet the complete outfit for
starting in business, and ten copies of
THE POST free. You sell these for 5c each
and that provides all the money you need
for buying further supplies. Now don’t put
this off for “ some time or other,” but write
us to-day, and by next week you’ll have
money in your pocket. To boys who sell
a certain number of copies we give, among
other prizes, watches, sweaters, etc., free.

$250 in Extra Cash Prizes

each month to boys who do good work.

The Curtis Publishing Company
1190 Arch St., Philadelphia

t% _ t 0, aaa cured to ST AT CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N. V.

/ ^ buy two pair of

Rubbers in one Winter?
You should
have bought
HOOD’S.

ASK FOR

Hood’s Pilgrim .

HOOD RUBBERS

/HOOD\

TRADE (rubber commnv) MARK
\ BOSTON J

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/F yOU CFM/VOT OFF TUFSF FUB-
B£/tS FBOflfyOI//?0&K£ft-M?/r£i/S

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE.
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Free.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC C0.t

MILWAUKEE, AVIS.

overnment Positions!

25,566 Appointments

ing the past year. Excellent opportunities fer
young people. Each year we instruct by mail hundreds
of farmers’ sons who pass these examinations ami re¬
ceive appointments to life positions at §840 to $1-00 a
year. If you desire a position of this kind, write for our
Civil Service Announcement and learn how you may
secure it. It will be sent free. Mention this paper.

COLUMBIAN CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE,

223-25 Pa. Ave. 8. E. Washington, D. C.

New Steel Roofing ana Siding $2.00 per 100 Sq. Ft.

Painted red on both sides. Most durable anil economical covering for Rooting, Siding or Celling
Burns, Sheds, Elevators, Stores, Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Easier to lay
ami will last longer than any other covering. Cheaper than shingles or slate. No experience
necessary. A hammer or hatchet the only tools needed. It Is semi-hardened high grade steel.

82.00 Is our price for the Hat. Corrugated as shown in cut, or “V” crimped or standing seam
costs J2.10 per 100 square feet.. We offer Pressed Brick Siding mid Headed Celling or
Siding nt 182.25 per 100 Square Feet. Thousands of buildings throughout the world
are covered with this steel roollng and siding, making their buildings

FIRE, WATER AMD LIGHTNING PROOF.

Send in your order for as many squares as you may need to cover your new or old
building. Time will prove Its enduring qualities. Withstands the elements, best of all
roofings. At prices noted In this advertisement,

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for
prices for shipment to such points. Ask for further particulars. Immediate shipment
If you mall us your order at once. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Our Special Catalogue
No. K- 67 tells all about this roofing. It also quotes low prices on Building Material, Wire, Pipe. Plumb¬
ing. Sash. Poors, Furniture, Household Goods, Down Spouting, Have Trough and thousands of other

for Residences, Houses,

items bought by us at Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING

Get it

- Ufie

from your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE-* S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

7o

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January 2S,

MARKET

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. I, Northern, Duluth — © 1.2(5%

No. 2, red, Winter . — ©1.20 %

Cora, No. 2. mixed . © 52 Vi

Oats, No. 2, mixed . - — (</ 27

Harley . 40 © 52

SEEDS.

New York prices tor bushel

or 100-lb. lots.

Timothy, bushel of 45 lbs....

© 2.75

Kentucky Blue glass, 100 lbs

, . -

© 12.00

Red Top, 100 lbs .

. . -

© 9.00

Awnless Brume, loo lbs .

. . -

(11 15.00

Orchard grass, loo lbs .

, . -

© 17.00

Alfalfa, loo lbs .

(11 1 7.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . .

©17.00

Crimson clover, loo lbs .

(</: 8.50

Medium red clover, loo lbs.

. . -

© 17.00

FEEDS.

Gluten .

36.00

(a 2S.no

(a 24 00

© 22. (Hi

Linseed meal .

, 28.00

©30.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime Timothy .

. 85

©> 87 '/.

No. 1 .

. so

@ 82%

No. 2 .

© 77%

No. 3 .

© 70

Clover, mixed .

© 77%

Clover .

. . 60

(ij 65

©1.15

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3 Vi cents in 26-
eent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Stale dairy, extra, 11) .

©

27

Firsts .

. . 24

©

26

Seconds .

. . 20

(n

23

Thirds .

«i

19

Creamery, extra .

. . 29

(11

39 %

Firsts .

. . 26

(a

38%

©'

25

Thirds

(<i

*>•>

Held, extra .

©

27

Held, firsts and seconds. .

. . 21

©

23

Factory, fresh, firsts .

. . IS

(a)

19

Seconds .

. . Hi

dr

17

Lower grades .

. . -

dr

15

©

24

Renovated, extra .

©

32%

Firsts and seconds .

. . 17

©

21

Backing stock, best .

©

IS

Other grades .

.. 15

©

17

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy....

. . -

©

13y4

Small, tine .

©

11 %

Small, choice .

. . -

(it

1 1 %

Small, fair to good .

.. HD,

(a

19%

Small, poor .

9

Large sizes one fourth cent less.
Light skims, small, choice.... 10

Good to prime.. . 8

Full skims . 4

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 38

Fresh gathered, white, good to

choice

34

©

@

(<i

(it

©

1 0 Vi

5

40

36

Fresh gathered, mixed .

. 32

(it 33

Fresh, ordinary to good .

. 23

(it 29

Western, finest .

—

(it 31

Western, average best .

, -

© 30

Stored, April pack .

. 31 %© 23

DRIED FRUIT

Apples, evaporated, fancy .

6 % © 7

Evanorated. choice .

O

% (it 6

Evaporated, prime .

5

% (11 5 %

Evaporated, com. to good...

4

© 5

Sun dried, sliced. S'n. ......

3

© 4

Canadian, quarters .

3 % © -* '

State and Western, qtrs. . . .

3

(it 3%

Southern, coarse cut .

3% (it 3%

Chops, lot) lbs .

1.40

©1.60

Cores and skins, loo lbs....

1.00

©>1.15

Raspberries .

•>•>

© 23

Blackberries .

6%

© 7

Cherries .

1 3 %

(it 1 4 %

Huckleberries .

11

©! 13

AUBI.ES.

King. d. h. bbl .

2.00

© 3.50

Jonathan, d. h. bbl .

2.00

©3.50

Jonathan. Western, ini. box. . .

1.50

©2.00

Baldwin, d. h. bbl .

1.25

©2.25

Greening, d. it. bbl .

©2.00

Spy, d. it. bbl .

2.00

©2.50

Spitzenburg, d. it. bit! .

2.00

©3.50

Spitzenburg, Western. Du. box.

2.00

© 2.50

Ben Havls, d. it. bbl .

1.50

© 2.50

Bulk fruit, 150 lbs .

75

@1.50

VARIOUS FRUITS.

Crapes. 4-lb. basket .

6

© 10

Strawberries, Florida, qt .

50

© 65

Cranberries, eh. to fancy, bbl..

6.00

© 8.50

Oranges. Fla., eh. to fe.v., box.

2.00

©3.50

California, eh. to fey .

2.25

© 3.75

Tangerines, Fla., fancy .

3.00

@3.50

Grape fruit, Fla., eh. to fey...

2.75

©4.00

Bineapples. Fla.. 24 to box. . . .

2.00

© 2.50

36 to 30 per box .

©2.00

BOTATOES.

Long Island. 180 IDs .

© 2.12

State and Western, ISO lbs. . . .

(ij 1 .62

Maine, 180 lbs .

(ft 1 .50

Jersey. 180 lbs .

1.37

©1.50

Bermuda. No. 1. DD1 .

4.00

©5.00

No 2 .

3 25

(11 3 75

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl. . . .

2.00

©3.75

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel .

—

©2.70

Fair to good .

2.50

© 2.65

Bea. choice .

—

©1.75

Red kidney, choice .

2.60

©2.65

©3.00

Yellow eye .

2.05

@2.10

VEGETABLES.

Beets, nearby, bbl . 1.00

Southern, jOO bunches . 2.00

Western, half-bbl. bag . 50

Uarrots, nearby, bbl . 1.00

Southern, loo bunches . 2.00

Brussels sprouts, qt . 4

Cabbage, Danish seed, red,

ton . 25.00

Danish seed, white . 12.00

Domestic, ton . 0.00

Cauliflowers, L. 1., bbl . 1.00

Florida, bbl . 4.50

Celery, lancy, dozen . 25

Small . lo

Chicory, New Orleans, bbl.... 3.00
Escarol, New Orleans, bbl.... 3.00

Kale, Norfolk, bbl . 65

Lettuce, New Orleans, bbl . 1.00

Onions, Conn., white, bbl . 3.00

Conn., yellow, bbl . 2.75

Conn., red, bbl . 2.75

State and Western, 150 lbs.... 2. 75

1’argnlps, bbl . 1.00

Peppers. Fla., 24-qt. carrier. . 1.00

Peas, Fla., 3-pk. bkt . 1.25

Radishes. Sou'rn. loo bunches. 2.00
String beans, Fla., 3-pk. bkt.. 2. 00

Spinach, bbl . 1.00

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.00

Ttjrnips, ruta baga, bbl . 50

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier. . 1 .00

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers. No. 1. dozen . 1.50

Lettuce, prime, dozen . 30

Mushrooms, lb . 5

Radishes. 100 bunches . 1,

Tomatoes, lb .

LIVE POULTRY,
lb .

50

10

©1.50
© 3.50
© 60
© 1 .50
iij 3.50
© 12

© 30.00
© 14.00
© 1 2.00
(ii 4.00
© 5.00
in 50
© 20
© 3.50
nj 3.50
© 75

© 3.00
(a 8.00
la 3.25
(<j 3.oo
© 3.00
(a 1 .50

@ i .56

©4.00
(ij 2.50
(n 4.00
©1.75
©>1.25
© 00
© 3.00

© 2.25
(a 35
(u 10
(n 3.50
(a 20

old

< 'hickens,
Fowls . .
Roosters,
Turkeys . . .
Ducks, pair
Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair

. 13
. <50
1.25

@

(it

©

@

©

12
14 V.
10 *
14
80

©1.62
@ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring turkeys, fancy....

. . . . 19

©

20

Medium grades .

. . . . 18

(11

18%

Boor to fair .

.... 15

©

17

Capons, large, fancy .

. . . . 23

(a

24

Mixed weights .

. . . . 17

(<i

20

Small and slips .

. . . . 14

(a)

16

Chickens, extra fancy....

. . . . lit

(<t

20

Mixed sizes .

or

17

Lower grades .

.... 12

% ©

14

Fowls .

©

13

Docks .

. . . . 10

14

Geese .

. . . . 9

(a

12

Squalls, dozen .

©

3.25

COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS.
Calves, prime. light . 11%©'

Fair to good . . . 0

Heavy veals . 6

Buttermilks . 4

12

10%

8

Early lambs.
Hogs, light .
Medium . .
Heavy ...

head . 5.00

(n
(it

(a) 5

© 8.00

i © 7 %

<5 % (n 0

5 % © 0

GAME.

Wild ducks. Canvas, pair . 1.00

Red heads .

Mallards .

Common

on

75

25

(a 2.50
(ij 1.50
(ii 1.00
(it 40
© 20
© 50

©

©

(a

(„

(n

(ij

(it

15

12

11

7

37

34

36

Rabbits, pair . U

Jack rabbits . 40

HONEY.

Clover, comb, fancy, lb . 13

Fair to good . 10

Buckwheat . 10

California extracted, lb . 6

HOPS.

N. Y. State. 1004. choice . 35

Ordinary to prime . 29

Pacific Coast, choice . 34

Common to prime . 20 © 30

Olds . - © 14

German crop, 1 004 . CO © 72

FARM CHEMICALS.

Ton to car lots.

Nitrate of soda . 48.00 ©52.00

Sulphate of ammonia . 64.00 ©70.00

Dried blood . 56.00 ©60.00

Kainit . 9.75 ©11.00

Muriate of potash . 37.00 © 44.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00 ©12.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb © 5%

Sulphur flour,

bbl. lots. lb. .

LIVE STOCK.

@ 2

Calves, veal .

© 9.50

Barnyards .

. .

(ij 3.50

Sheep .

. 4.00

©''5.00

Lambs .

. 6.75

© 7.90

Hogs .

. 4.90

©5.25

California Fruit Notes. — We are enjoying-
our tine apples more than usual this Winter
(December 30). For some weeks past the
Pearmains have been in prime condition for
baking and eating from the hand, and the
Newtowns are beginning to soften a little,
which is a sign that they are ready to eat.
We have a few boxes of Mammoth Black
Twig, but they have to take second place, and
disappear in the apple sauce a few at a time.
We are also enjoying our canned Pineapple
quinces. They are so tender and delicious as
compared with other varieties that 1 feel like
recommending them to everybody. I bought
my first tree from Mr. Burbank, and liked the
fruit so well that 1 have planted about a
dozen more. The frost has killed our ten-
derest flowers, but we still have plenty of
roses, geraniums and Chrysanthemums left.

Santa Clara Co.. Cal. h. a. keesung.

Ask your doctor, then do as he says

If he tells you to take Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral for your throat
cough or bronchial trouble, then take it. If he has anything
better, then take that. Only get well as soon as you can.
Delays are always so dangerous in lung troubles.

J. C. Avar Co..
Lowell. Mass.

Rp Blk. Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs. Bar.

• U* Rocks, Wh. & Bf.Wyandottes. Reds,Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO . B.. Delaware, N. .1

^HKAMEliY FOB SALE — Nearly new; capacity
six to seven thousand lbs perday. Bestmachin-
ery; good patronage; good location- near two Kail-
roads. Kanona Crkamkhy Co.. Kanona. N Y.

50 ACRES, DAIRY AND POULTRY $900

Small orchard, plenty wood, pure spring water,
very neat house and barn; details and picture FRKE,
with illustrated “ Special List” of 200 farms in new
England, New York, Delaware, Maryland and tho
South. Address E. A. 8TK0UT. Farm Dept 42 150

Nassau St., New York City, or Tremont Temple,
Boston.

GENTLEMAN having a farm in high state of
cultivation, located In middle New Jersey,
wishes a farmer with a family who will take entire
charge of the operations with a view to making itn
self-supporting place. He will be allowed all modern
appliances and a sufficiency of stock; he will be al¬
lowed a nice residence and circumstances that will
assure him a pleasant home life 1 prefer a farmer
with a family that can do the work around the place
In answering, give general details and references
Boom 40, No. 130 Broadway, New York.

Keep Your Feet

Warm and Dry !

The Daisy Wool Insoles will do itl

For men, women and children. Greatest thing
out. Only 15 cents a pair ; two pairs for 25 cents;
stamps or silver. What size? Address quick.

HOME SUPPLy CO. Dept. M. Station I, New York City.

THE SEABOARD FLORIDA LIMITED

And two other daily trains afford exceptionally
fine service to all winter resorts in the Carolinas
and Florida. For resort, booklets and informa¬
tion, address, o

W. E. CONKLYN,

1183 Broadway New York

i i

Big Four

M

The

Best Line

From the

Leading Cities of

Ohio, Indiana

and Illinois

To

Florida, Cuba,
Porto Rico,
California

Write for Folders.

WARKEN ,T. LYNCH, GenT Pass. Agt*
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Cider Machinery-Send for Catalogue to Boomer &

Boschert Dress Co . 118 West Water St.. Syracuse.N A

150 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge. N.Y.

possible results ship Apples. Sweet
. Potatoes. Poultry, Eggs. Calves*
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN. 204 Duane St,. New York.

Oldest Commission Est.1838. Butter.cheese,

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street. New A ork

FOR BEST

ATTENTION

I— Nred 1 n g ma le

_ help of any kind,

favor us with yonr orders. Mall orders a Specialty.
I HERZ, Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York.

TO LEASE OR RENT ON SHARES

My Market Garden of 150 Acres In a City of 40 000
Has 4 Greenhouses. Winter Stabling for 60 head
Cattle and Horses. Silos. Root Cellar. Good Home
Market. A good chance for a man of experience
and some capital. Address E. L. T., care of
Kura i, New-Yorker.

MAPS.Ueports.Descrlptlve Lists, Prices. Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Bed
Markets STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE,

Dover, Delaware.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
. " fruit. Send for our liberal terms of dtstri-
* bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Personally Conducted
Tours to

CALIFORNIA,
COLORADO,
UTAH,
OREGON,
WASHINGTON,
ARIZONA,
and MEXICO,

VIA THE

New York Central

Lines

Will move in February, March
and May.

For particulars, inquire of ticket agents of
the New York Central Lines, or enclose a
two-cent stamp for a copy of “America's
Winter Resoits," toGeorge fl. Daniels. Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York,

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON , AND CLEVELAND,
FT. WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make
this a favorite route betweeu the aliove points.
Through sleepers. Unexcelled dining car ser¬
vice. Individual club meals 35 cents to $1.00
each. Also a la Carte. Full information on
application to It. E. Bayne, General Agent,
291 Main St„ Buffalo, N. Y., or A. W. Eccle¬
stone, D. B. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

go. 1
Iron Ago
Doable and S!»fU '
Wheel Hoe.

Easier Work — More Money

You can do your work easier; twice faster; take
; better care of your growing crops at the time they
> need close attention ; get them ready for market
pearlier, and make more money by using

IRON AGE Implements

Our No. 1 Iron Age Single and Double Wheel Hoe and our No. 80
Cultivator are famous money and time savers. No lmplemeuta
equal them in utility and adaptability to land conditions. Progress¬
ive farmers will find valuable Information in " Iron Age,' our free
book containing descriptions and prices on such famous labor
saving Iron Age implements as Horse Hoes, Seed Drills, Potato
Plan ters, Sprayers and Fertilizer Distributors. Send for It without
delay.

BATEMAN MFG. CO.. Box 102. Grenloch, N. J.

No. SO Iron Age
Pivot Wheel
Biding Cultivator.

THe New Waller A.. Wood Book for 1005

will give you complete information on the newest improvements in Grain Binders, Reapers, Mowers, Rakes, Tedders and Knife Grinders.
It contains a detail description of the “ New7 Century ” Binder, a machine which has made a sensational record abroad. This binder is
attracting much attention among progressive farmers- To be up-to-date on Harvesting Machines, you must know the “New Century.”

A postal card to any of our Branch offices, or direct to the factory, will bring you, free of
charge, this handsomely illustrated, 32 page book. Please mention this paper when you write.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

7 1

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

If we ever had any doubt as to the value
of “The Business Hen” for The R. N.-Y.
readers the letters that we receive daily
would relieve the doubt. Guided largely
bv the questions that had been asked by

readers for
yea rs p a s t,
we prepared
a p o u 1 1 r y
book that we
though t
would fur¬
nish the kind
of informa¬
tion required.
We felt pret¬
ty sure that
we were on
the right
track; but
we are glad
to have the assurance from the people for
whom it was prepared. Here is one:

! received “The Business lien” yesterday;
am certainly well pleased with it. 1 find it
contains the very bone and sinew of the plain
hard-working farmers and poultrymen who
have contributed toward it; t lie very infor¬
mation we home builders need; practical
facts that have been secured by eternal vigi¬
lance, not simply theory that is generally
wrapped up in greenbacks. A prosperous
year for Tub R. N.-Y. and family is my
wish J. i. w.

Fail-view, Md.

i have with renewal of my own subscrip¬
tion to The It. N.-Y. received “The Business
Hen." I can cheerfully say that the book
is certainly the most complete, practical,
common-sense information I ever read on the
subject : in fact, it is a storehouse of knowl¬
edge. To give "The Business lien” to each
subscriber of The It. N.-Y. as a share of the
profits of Hie editor's and publisher's business
is indeed a grand and noble deed. It would
do me good to look into t lie faces of such
broad-minded, libera I -hearted men. and heart¬
ily to press their hands. 1 hope they may
long live and their good deeds for all time.

Philadelphia, Pa. a. c. g.

Here are a couple of notes from far
western friends, the kindly sincerity of
which we enjoyed:

I send one dollar as a renewal. Send
“The Business Hen" and we will make the
most of her. \Ve enjoy reading The It. N.-Y.
very much, and put it at the top of the list
of agricultural papers. \Ve commenced read¬
ing The it. N.-Y. in 1858, and took delight
in working out t lie illustrated rebuses it con¬
tained. With best wishes for your success.

Jefferson, Kan. E. m. w.

I hereby thank you for your efforts in be¬
half of pure food, honest wire and all other
good laws you are continually advocating.

Columbus, Idaho. o. w. o.

DAVID. HARUM

has proved to be very popular with our
people, as we expected it would be. Per¬
haps no other one book in recent years has
been so popular. It is fiction, of course,
but it was written by a country man, fa¬
miliar with the class of people and inci¬
dents that he wrote about. The story is
full of wit, homely humor, and wise say¬
ings, and is just the book to entertain
young or old these long Winter evenings.
It is retailed only at $1,50 in cloth binding.
We send it to any present subscriber as a
reward for sending us one new subscriber
with a dollar. The new subscriber gets
“The Business Hen,” too. Application for
David II arum must be made when you*
send the new subscription. It is not sent
to anyone sending his own subscription,
either new or renewal, nor is it sent to
anyone not a subscriber or a member of
his family. It is an opportunity to get
a grand book easily. We pay postage.

No class of people in the world appre¬
ciate business integrity more promptly
than farmers. That there are individual
exceptions no one will deny, but farm sen¬
timent as a whole is on the right side.
The R. N.-Y. has just had an emphatic in¬
stance. A subscription agent who had
worked in an eastern State for some time
had use of our subscription lists in that
State as a guide in his work. With these
lists in his possession he induced another
publisher to promise him a larger salary
than he was worth to The *R. N.-Y. He
then had letters printed by his new em¬
ployers on their stationery and sent them

to our subscribers throughout the State.
This letter referred slightingly to The
R. N.-Y. compared with his new paper,
which he said lie could send our sub¬
scribers at a cut price, and which he, in
fact, promised to send them several weeks
free. It was a surprise to us that any
publisher of a reputable paper would
knowingly permit an agent to do anything
of this kind, much less encourage it and
assist in it. It was such a stultification of
business and moral principles as we had
not before met in 25 years of business ex¬
perience. The letters were forwarded to
us by the hundred, and the storm of pro¬
tests and disapproval was prompt and
vigorous. If that agent is able to remain
in the territory at all we predict that he
will have to listen to some rather plain
and forcible English at times. At least
such would seem from our correspondence
to be the present temper of the farmers of
that State. You may he able to sell a gold
brick to an individual countryman; out it
is not safe to conclude from this that you
may with impunity offend the moral sen¬
sibilities and insult the intelligence of the
farmers of a whole State.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

“Philadelphia” Poultry. — “What is
meant, by 'Philadelphia' chickens? They seem
to bring highest price according to market
quotations. Is it the breed, or what makes
the difference?” C. It.

West. Virginia.

This term as at present used means the
same as top quality, lienee highest prices are
always attached. The poultry may come
from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
etc., quality being t lie only consideration,
originally (iiis local term was used on account
of the excellence of poultry from that dis¬
trict. Its usage is retained as an old custom,
but (piite naturally is misleading to those un¬
familiar with the language of this market.

A Steal Trust seems to he working in the
west side prouiice district. Nearly 200 80-
dozen cases of eggs have recently been stolen,
in lots of 50 cases or over. In one instance
the thieves loaded up aud got away with 75
cases before 9 P. M. This section is sup¬
posed to he under police protection, but the
officers are not numerous enough to keep
any close watch, and as some of these produce
stores are kept open all night receiving or dis¬
tributing, passers-by would think nothing of
it. A few mounted policemen in tho market
territory would l>e a good insurance against
thieves who work with wagons, as they know
that they cannot escape from a mounted offi¬
cer without abandoning their rig. At present
prices for eggs and butter a haul of the size
named means considerable money.

Mushrooms continue very low, five to 25
cents tier pound covering a great many sales.
The bottom figures are for those inferior in
some respects, but t he general low range
is tlie result of a surplus and faulty methods
of distribution. There is no produce business
that needs a general supervision, or “head
office," more limn l lie mushroom trade, in or¬
der lo avoid overloading some markets, and to
prevent dealing with handlers who are care¬
less or Ignorant of correct methods of hand¬
ling such trade. Here is t lie way it lias
worked in some places. A lias been selling
B's mushrooms at GO cents per pound. B
concludes to divide ids shipments, sending
part to another commission man, who
thinks he can do better. But. he does not
find customers quickly enough, gets scared
and cuts the price, which practically puts
If in competition witli his own mushrooms.
Buyers soon find that a cut in that brand
lias been made, and will not pay the old
price without a large amount of shopping
around to got hold of more of the diverted
goods. Before changing the shipper should
have been very certain that the new man was
at least as capable of disposing of Ihe mush¬
rooms as the old receiver. Such experiments
are costly. Some judgment also ought to he
used to prevent pouring mushrooms into a
market already overloaded. Unlike apples,
potatoes or bricks, they have to lie sold quick¬
ly. No doubt some of tlie surplus here at
present is that grown by amateurs who have
been started by circulars sown over this
country promising an unlimited market at $1
per pound or more.

Potatoes. Conditions thus far have been
unfavorable for those who have held their
crops, as prices continue at a level but little
above digging time figures. There seems to
lie no end of held stock in the West, and
Michigan and Wisconsin farmers have been
sending potatoes here at prices that New
York farmers have not cared to duplicate.
No doubt this fllled-up market will lie less
hungry for the early southern crop, th.ough
the new potato trade is of a somewhat dif¬
ferent character, and conditions may be bet¬
ter when the new slock arrives. Those hold¬
ing old potatoes will do well to keep in very
close communication with their selling agents,
so ns to take advantage of any temporary im¬
provement. Later a good many holders are
likely to get scared and begin to unload re¬
gardless of market conditions, or what they
expected to get. This sort of panic lias often
been seen in time of large crops of any
product.

Oranges. — During the first half of January
receipts here were light, particularly from
Florida, and the market developed consid¬
erable strength. Single box prices for choice
fruit have been very high, running from
.$4.50 to $7. tlie latter figure for Arizona
navels, some of which are considered supe¬
rior to California. Last week conditions were
somewhat changed. Arrivals from tlie Pa¬

cific coast were large, 80 cars being sold
here in a single day. There was a little drop
in price, though not affecting the higher
grades much.

A Year's Exports. — -During 1904 the total
value of products shipped from this country
was $729,252, 84G. $111 .SOS, 840 less than the
previous year. Cotton was more than twice
as large as any other item, .$808,450,118.
What is classed generally as provisions came
next, $148,224,47ti : then wheat and other
breadstuff's, $1)2,292,927 : mineral oils, $78,-
221.107, and live stock,, $42,057,057.

Pure Food.- — The enforcement of tlie law
regarding tlie labeling of imported foods con¬
taining preservatives or adulterations of any
kind is treading on tlie toes of a good many
importers, and in their arguments of protest
it is amusing to learn of (lie remarkable
heal tli l'u I ness of most of I hose preservatives.
According to their statements the fabled foun¬
tain of youth is very much discounted by
boracic acid, copper sulphate, aniline dyes,
etc. They thoughtfully draw the line at
Paris-green, but no one need hesitate to drink
deeply from the Bordeaux Mixture tank when
spraying. The principle on which this label¬
ing law is founded is certainly sound. Im¬
porters claim that regular customers, who
know that artificial colorings, etc., are used,
do not object to them, but refuse the pure
article minus coloring. One well-known re¬
tail grocer in tills city says that several
years ago lie decided to cut out all artificially
colored or preserved goods, one item being
French peas, which have a beautifully ver¬
dant hue said to be due to copper sulphate.
An old customer’s order was filled with some
of the uncolored peas of equal quality. They
promptly came back, and (lie store had a
visit from the irate customer. “What do you
mean by sending me such looking peas?"
“My dear sir. the peas are tlie same quality
as those you have been having. They lack
nothing hut the coloring, which is unwhole¬
some. We have decided not to handle tlie
colored peas any more.”

“Well. I've been eating them that way for
10 years, and they never hurt me. I want
them green and if ‘you won't sell them to me
I’ll get them elsewhere."

The grocer decided that he had been too
squeamish about it. and is now selling green
peas. But for one customer of this sort
there are many who do not care to swallow
a drug store with their food, and they have
a right to know what is in tlie canned or
otherwise prepared food they buy.

W. W. H.

HOW TO HOLD A HUSBAND.

The best known guide to married happi¬
ness is to hold tlie husband as you won the
lover — by cheerfulness of disposition, pa¬
tience and keeping your youthful looks.
Of course a great many women are handi¬
capped by those ills to which women are
lif-ir. The constantly recurring troubles
which afflict her are apt to cause a sour
disposition, nervousness and a beclouded
mind.

Dr. R. V. Pierce, the specialist in woman’s
diseases, of Buffalo, N. Y., after a long ex¬
perience in treating such diseases, found
that certain roots and herbs made into
a liquid extract, would help tlie majority
of cases. This he called Dr. Pierce’s Fa¬
vorite Prescription. Thousands of women
have testified to its merits, and it is put
up in shape to be easily procured and
is sold by all medicine dealers. This is
a potent tonic for the womanly system.
So much faith lias Dr. Pierce in its merits
that he offers $500 reward for any ease of
Leucorrhea, Female Weakness, Prolapsus,
or Falling of Womb, which he cannot
cure. All he asks is a fair and reasonable
trial of his means of cure.

Mrs. T. Ilolau, of Madrid, Perkins Co., Nebr.,
writes: "I was cured of painful periods by the
use of Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription, aud
his Compound Extract of Smart- Weed. I think
Dr. Pierce’s medicines the best iu the world.”

“ Favorite Prescription ” makes weak
women strong, sick women well. Accept
no substitute for the medicine which works
wonders for weak women.

Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medical Ad¬
viser is sent free on receipt of stamps to
pay expense of mailing only. Send 21
one - cent stamps for the paper - covered
book, or 31 stamps for tlie cloth -bound
volume. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, 663
Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
it. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

jBROWtNJ,

Irnmsmssmam

a/KITpays ThE

WIaI-LfR EIGHT -1.

■MHIprit
Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wii
Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

INVESTIGATE

the lasting qualities of a wire fence before buying.
The Frost will wear a life time. Will the Hinisy
woven wire fence do so? Send for new descriptive
circular

THE FllOST WIRE FENCE CO..Cleveland, Ohio.

Catalog of fences . tools and supplies FREE.
Ruv direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade, Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls;
Barb Wire, galvanized. 3c. per rod. in 80
anti 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. Write your wants. Catalog/m:.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

: 1

jPAGE

•H

Pages 18, 19

and 20 0

Page’s Book

tell inside facts found in no other catalogue. Worth
dollars to know. Book and sample of wire. Write

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 729, Adrian. Mich-

FARM — ^Uiated in Allegany Co., N. Y., U-J miles
I M II ITI from k. It.; Creamery and Cheese factory.
Consists of 2U5 acres, in high state of cultivation,
large 12 room house, main barn, ftHxlUti ft.., 300-ton
silo, hay barn, 30x42 ft., witli good hogand hen house
— all painted — water in both house and barn. I will
sell tor less than buildings could bo built for now,
and put in 30 head cattle, 2 brood sows, 100 head
poultry, some tools, A grand chance for man with
boys and a few thousand dollars. Price #40 per
acre; one-third down, bal. to suit purchaser at 5 p.c.
interest. FRANK L. MCELHEN Y. Cuba. N. Y.

PIDUC For flch farming and fruit growing
I" AltlnO Write J. D. 8. HAN90N, Hart, Mich

CHEAP Stock, Dairy, and Fruit Farms, in the Great
Fruit Belt of Western N. Y. Profits will pay
costs in 3 to (> years. Stamp for full Information.
SHIPMAN'S AGENCY, Lewis Block. Buffalo. N. Y.

Largest Farm Agency in New York State.

Virginia Farms

Best 011 earth for tlie money. Free Catalogue.
R. B. CHAFFIN & O.. Incorp., Richmond, Va.

BEFORE YOU BUY

uny real estate in any part, of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
lire interested in and 1 guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements aud save you some money besides.

\VM. T. 1SROWN,

£18 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn.

CAI C-300 aere FAR M, mile from sta-
rUn vHLb tion, twenty miles from Roches¬
ter, N Y. Good soil. Buildings. 15 acres apples.
Will sub-divide — Take small farm in part payment..
Address, J. R BAILEY. Box 2CS, Rochester. N. Y.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 48, Hlgbtstown, N. J.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Soie Eyes,
BARRY CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

WANTED!

A wide-awake, energetic farmer, in every commun¬
ity to handle the best Stock Food on the market.
Guarantee in every respect, or money refunded. One
farmer says:— Send me another ton of Seneca Stock
Food, in twelve and tweuty-Uve-lb. sacks, also ft
dozen hog cholera cure Isold the last lot on three
rainy days, and will say now that no one has asked me
for their money hack." Another farmer made (66
evenings last month. Write to-day.

SENECA CHEMICAL & STOCK FOOD CO., Tiffin, O

We Pay Tire Freight,

PCFRI PQQ Op * 1 ro nn For Farm and Stock usage they are nequaled. Tlie

ILLiiLloO ouALlo ijO JiUUi “Peerless” is a 6-ton Compound Beam, Wagon and
Stock Scale. Its material and workmanship is of the best obtainable, and each scale is
guaranteed for live years. This is not an ini rior Scale, and in order to con¬
vince, will send it on thirty days’ trial. Send for our catalogue. Address
PEERLESS SCALE CO., Milwaukee and Ft. Scott Aves., Dept, z Kansas City, Mo.

Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine.

A $2.00 BOOK FOR $1.00.

We have just a few volumes of this book that have become slightly soiled on
one end. Unless your attention were called to it, you would scarcely notice it;
but we cannot send them out at the regular $2 price of the book. As long as
they last we will mail them prepaid to subscribers only on receipt of $r. The post¬
age alone is 17 cents. This is Prof. Geo. W. Curtis’s great live stock book, with
nearly 100 full-page engravings. It is used as a text book in most of the agricultural
colleges of the United States and Canada. Orders at this price will not be accepted
from dealers or schools. Orders for single volumes with $1 will he accepted as long
as the soiled edition lasts from subscribers only.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 401) Pearl Street, NEW YORK.

72

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

January !i8, 1905.

HUMOROUS

There was a young man named McCall,

Who went to a fancy-dress ball.

lie thought, just for fun,

He would dress like a bun.

And was eat by the dog in the hall.

— Credit Lost.

City Niece: “What kind of a chicken
is that, Uncle Josh?” Uncle Josh: “That
is a Leghorn.” City Niece: “How stupid
of me! Of course, I ought to have no¬
ticed the horns on his legs.” — Chicago
News.

“I hear,” remarked Bredlines, “that
Rockefeller makes a dollar every time he
draws his breath. “Aha ! replied Ben-
cheimer thoughtfully. “ I hat explains his
passion for playing golf in costume, he
wants to take his breath in short pants.
— Town Topics.

Old Lady : “Meat is very dear, butcher.

I can hardly afford to buy any.” Butcher:
“Why not turn vegetarian, mum?” Old
Lady: No, indeed; I was born and
brought up a Baptist, and I m not going
to change my religion at my time of life.
— Credit Lost.

Speaker: “I defy any one in this audi¬
ence to mention a single action that I
can perform with my right hand that I
cannot do equally well with my left.’
Voice from the Gallery: “Put your left
hand in yer right hand trousers pocket!”
— Chicago News.

“Now, Tommy,” said the teacher, “what
is the word I have written on the board —
s-l-o-w ?” “Dunno.” “Oh, yes, you do-
think. What does your papa call you
when you go on an errand and don’t get
back for a long time?” “You’d lick me
if I told yer, ma’am!” — Cleveland Leader.

“Do you believe in predestination?”
asked Mrs. Oldcastle. “Well, I used to,”
replied her hostess, “but after me and
Josiah come back from Europe and had
such a time gittin’ our trunks through
1 almost think free trade would be a
good thing, after all.”— Chicago Record-
Herald.

“This is the most delicious health food
I ever tasted," complimented the pale
man in the dining-room of the hotel.
“Glad you like it,” replied the proprietor.
“ I serve it to all guests who have the
health food habit.” “But what brand is
it? Tell me the truth.” “Oh, it is home¬
made. We made it out of sawdust and
milk.” — Chicago News.

Mrs. Chugvvater: “Josiah, in this arti¬
cle in the newspaper about saloons there’s
a whole lot about local option. What
does local option mean?” Mr. Chugwater:
“It means that if you don’t like any lo¬
cality where there are saloons you have
the option of moving out of it. I should
think you could tell from the words them¬
selves.” — Chicago Tribune.

A Scotch minister who was in need of
funds thus conveyed his intentions to his
congregation : “Weel, friends, the kirk

is urgently in need of siller, and as we
have failed to get money honestly, we will
have to see what a bazaar can do for us.”
And it was a curate who read in the les¬
son for the day: “He spoke the word,
and cathoppers came and grassipillars in¬
numerable.” — Chambers’ Journal.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise yon. Write for Samples,
0 w. INOERSOLL. 246 Plymouth _St., Brooklyn. N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get order* for our celebrated TeAfl,
Coffee*, Spire*, Extract* and Making
Powder. Beautiful Present* and Coupon*
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID.
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 28ii, VeseySfc. ,New York.

ARE fOU IN

ABOI = THE SIZE
ENGI “E YOU NEED

3IFsr1

WOODPECKER

t ao your work ?

^ to us about the

"WOODPECKER”

Gasoline Engine.

Maybe you have a particular machine you want to run, or, maybe you
want your engine to do a lot of different things. If you will write to
us, and tell us about the work you want to do, we will tell you honestly
what size engine you ought to have, and then, to make you absolutely
sure, we will ship to you on our

30 Days Free Trial Plan.

It may be that you have never run an engine. and don’t know these things. Our free trial
plan will help you out. Remember we mean a free trial, to make the engine work for you on
your own place, before you decide that you want to keep it. Why not sit down now while
you have time, and write a letter to us? Tell us all about the work you have to do, and
all about any experience you may have had with engines. Your letter will be taken up by a
practical man and answered, and we will at the same time tell you the whole story of the
“ WOODPECKER ” and the plan on which it is sold. Write to

“WOODPECKERS Manrsi; wic. Middletown, Ohio.

All sizes up to IS horse power shipped complete , ready to run on
any dirt or board floor without the bother of building a foundation.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country In the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

85 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dfarlxirn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 N« rth 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. 8. W.

Tenlente-Rey "1, Havana, Cuba.

Syracuse Hillside Plow

Equally adapted to hillside and level land plowing, leaving it without ridges
or dead furrows, and holds as easily as any flat land plow. The Steel J russ
Beam gives lightness and strength. Handles side-shift with each turn and
adjust for height. Jointer is practically uncloggable, and acts
automatically. Colters furnished. The Lever Shifting Clevis
quickly changes the draft line. Made in two sizes,
with Steel or Chilled Moldboards and Cast Shares.
Nothing has been left undone for making this
plow the model of its class. Call on the
1 Syracuse agent or write us.

SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW CO., Syracuse, N. Y.

SIZES

3 to 13J4 feet

Agents

Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast
steel and wrought iron

—indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.

*' An Ideal Harrow” by

. m ,, _ ... Ilenry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York.Chlcago. Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San F rancisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES 1 1 lO W. Washington St., CHICACO. 2*0-244 7th Avo. S., MINNEAPOLIS, t 3 1 6 W. 8th SL,
KANSAS CITY. MO. SIS IOIA SI^LOUISVILIK.^ W. C.„ SI... COLCM.US, OHIO.

NE BUGGIES at° V

Sold to Consumers
WHOLESALE PRICES

Our Elegant 1905 Model Sold on One Full Months Free Trial

Our prices are lowest and our terms the most liberal ever offered by a
reliable carriage manufacturer. Our leader for l‘J05 is the most stylish,
durable and beautifully finished buggy to bo had at anything like the
W II A LEliONE price. Equipped with long distance axles, patent padded
leather dash, rubber padded steps, roller rub irons, full length storm
apron. No. 1 I>est quality leather quarter top, green broadcloth
‘ cushion and back over spring cushions, full length velvet
carpet and other up-to-date fittings This buggy gives you
greater value for less money than any on the market.
GUARA NTEED FOR T\V O YEARS. A postal will brim*
full information. Catalogue of our complete line of Vehi¬
cles and Harness is yours for the usking.

Ask for Wholesale Catalogue, A71
The Whalebone Carriage & Harness Co. Cincinnati, 0.

FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED

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UNITED STATES

Importing Canadian

WHEAT

Is Now u Fuel. (Jet u

HOMESTEAD

lu

WESTERN
CANADA

or buy some of the best wheat lands on
the continent, und become a producer.
This is the era of $1.1)0 wheat.

The average yield of wheat this year
will be about ti l> bushels to the ucre.
Tiie oat and barley crop will ulso yield
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schools and churches, excellent market¬
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Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Cun., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

Vol. LXIV. JNo. 2871.

NEW YORK FEBRUARY 4, 1905.

$1 PER YEAR.

FINE HOLSTEIN S AT HOME.

BLACK AND WHITE CATTLE OF HIGH DEGREE.

A Group of Famous Buttermakers.

The picture on this page, Fig. 32, shows a scene in

the barnyard at Star Farm, the property of Horace L.
Bronson, near Cortland, N. Y. There are about 250
Holsteins on the farm, and Mr. Bronson is constantly
adding to the herd in order to obtain the best blood
to be found in the Holstein world. The farm itself is
run as a business proposition, being fully equipped
with every appliance needed for the handling of first-
class stock and their products, which in this case are
milk, butter and blood. It is the last-named product
which we wish to call attention to at this time. Most
people who know anything about cattle have a fair idea
of the special merits of Holsteins. The black and

size of the cows and steers gives them a fair value for
beef. Grade Holsteins produced by breeding a good
bull of this breed to average cows of good size give a
strung, set \ ieeablTrTrnimat~frrr’geiu,ial~nsc: — 'Chose who-

have read “The Fat of the Land” will remember how
the author argued with his foreman in favor of Hol¬
stein cattle. The foreman wanted Jerseys, “because
they would eat less and give as much butter.” Dr.
Streeter, the owner of the farm, had planned for bulky
crops like clover. Alfalfa and shredded corn fodder.
Therefore he said :

You don't quite catch my idea, Thompson. I want the
cow (hat will eat the most, if she is at the same time willing
to pay for her food. I mean to raise a lot of food, and I
want a home market for it. What comes from the land
must go back to it. or it will grow thin. The Holstein will
eat more than the Jersey, and, while she may not make mere

meant the blood in the living cattle, which carries this
power of transmitting good qualities. The following
notes made among the Star Farm Holsteins will be utter¬
ing the character of the animals.

The claim is made that the two greatest service bulls
in the world are to be found here, under one roof,
Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Count No. 29642 is one,
whose dam Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline No. 48426, in
March, 1904, broke all world’s official butter records by
making in seven days 34.31 pounds of butter with an
average per cent of fat in the milk of 4.17. This record
is, it is claimed, three pounds and nine ounces in advance
of that ever made by any cow of any breed, living or
dead, in an official test. Mr. Bronson paid $3,000 for
this bull, and in the adjoining stall stands Mercedes

white cattle are large, good-natured and patient. Their
most useful feature is their capacity to turn a large
quantity of rough forage into a large quantity of milk.
It has been observed that wherever Alfalfa succeeds
herds of the black and white cattle are sure to appear.
I he Alfalfa soon stuffs the barn with hay, and the Hol¬
stein most approaches the hay mow in her capacity to
tuck the Alfalfa away and extract milk from it. Every
breed of cattle has its place in farm economy, and
we now understand that the origin of the Holstein
and her development on rich pasture and under condi¬
tions of heavy feeding have given her a special equip¬
ment for the production of a large flow of milk. The
Holstein is also a hardy, vigorous animal, and the large

A GROUP OF STAR FARM HOLSTEINS. Fig. 32.

butter, she will give twice as much skimmed milk, and
furnish more fertilizer to return to (lie land.

While all Holsteins of pure blood have certain char¬
acteristics in common, it is evident that some are better
than others. One cow may be larger than another, able
to eat and digest more food, and make more milk or
butter. Such powers are inherited, and if we select the
best animals for breeding year after year, using only the
sons and daughters that most resemble their parents,
we shall increase the power of such animals to stamp
these powers upon their offspring. This is called “pre¬
potency,” and it is of great importance where one is
buying an animal to head his herd or to start it. When
we spoke of the sale of “blood” from Star Farm we

Julip’s Pietertje Paul No. 29830, whose dam, Mercedes
Julip’s Pietertje, in 1900, created a new world’s record
by producing in seven days in an official test 584 pounds
of milk, 29.5.7 butter, and the average per cent of butter
fat in her milk for the week was 4.025. The Mercedes
bull is far handsomer than the Cornucopia. While
neither of these two most celebrated animals is for
sale, it is believed that the pair would easily bring
$7,000, possibly more.

As one looks down the long line of cows standing
contentedly in their stalls they present a beautiful spec¬
tacle, and to the observer look very much alike, but the
owner says that while there is much similarity in con¬
formation and markings, there is a wide difference in

74

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 4,

breeding, in individual excellence, in productive capacity
and in cash value. A beautiful cow is Netherland Fancy
Rosetta No. 45618. She produced in an official test in
seven days 20 pounds eight ounces butter ; per cent
of fat 4.2. Another young cow bred in the purple, and
a great producer, is Countess Dorinda DeKol, A. R. O.,
No. 18.'].’!. During the present season she has produced
in seven days in an official test 424.9 pounds milk, butter
20.5 pounds. Another is Scotia 4th, No. 37262; she has
produced in an official test in seven days 433.6 pounds
milk, 20 pounds three ounces butter. Still another is
Netherland Van Friesland Pietertje, who made an
A. R. O. seven-day butter record of over 20 pounds
when 12 years old. Mina Ophelia No. 46621. A. R. O.,
No. 2192, is a beautiful young cow that has made an
official butter record of 421.8 pounds milk, 19.1. pounds
butter. Victorine Clotbilde No. 42445 has made offi¬
cially in seven days 422.8 pounds milk, 18.11.8 pounds but¬
ter. Marion DeKol No. 46668, A. R. O., No. 3263, dur¬
ing the present season has made officially in seven days
409 pounds milk, 18.4.8 pounds butter. Aaggie Idaline
Nell, No. 44400, A. R. O., No. 2404, is credited with
an official seven-day record of 391.6 pounds milk, 18.19
pounds butter. Susie Pietertje Inka, a handsome young
cow, has recently made an official seven-day butter
record of 18.12 pounds. DeKol Queen, another prom¬
ising young cow, has an official seven-day butter record
of 18.8 pounds. Another good one is Mercedes Julip’s
Pietertje’s Grand-daughter. No. 66235, sired by Sunny
Side DeKol No. 28976, and her dam is Mercedes Julip’s
Pietertje 2d, a daughter of Mercedes Julip’s Pietertje,
the 1900 world’s official champion cow, with an official
seven-day butter record of 584 pounds milk, 29.5.7 pounds
butter. Another great one that should be a record
breaker is Segis Inka McKinley No. 62411. Her dam
was A. & G. Inka McKinley No. 55163 and sbe holds
an official seven-day butter record at three years of 22
pounds; her dam Segis Inka No. 36617, holds an official
seven-day butter record of 460.3 pounds milk. 2S pounds
butter.

The average length of life of the registered cow is
estimated by Mr. Bronson to be from 16 to 22 years, and
the great majority will breed regularly until they are
from 16 to 18 years of age; indeed, some females breed
until they are past 20. The milk of each cow is weighed,
and an accurate record kept of the production of every
milking animal in the herd. The herd is constantly being
enlarged and the number of advanced registry animals
is nearly double to-day what it was six months ago.
There are about 40 animals in the herd that have made
large advanced registry records, and there is also a
large number of females that are descendants of the>e
celebrated cows. /

The animals shown in Fig. 32 are as fojJ»<sj reading
from right to left: Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Co/rt
in foreground; Mina Ophelia behind; Netherland'-Prmcy
Rosetta; Saake 3d’s Netherland; Ononis Francine in
foreground; Marion DeKol and Scotia 4th at rear;
A. & G. DeKol Pietertje 2d; Mercedes Julip’s Pietertje
Paul.

A BARN OF CONCRETE BLOCKS .

Fig. 36 shows a barn that is somewhat out of the ordi¬
nary. It is owned by J. M. Cutshall, Clay Co., Ind.,
and was built by him. It is built of cement blocks; the
blocks were made on the ground where the building was
erected. It is 2S x 40 feet, and the walls are 17 feet
high. The entire floor is made of Portland cement, and
the interior of the barn is fitted up with every con¬
venience. Every detail, both in work and material, was
followed out in the very best way. A building of this
construction will last as long as time endures. Should
a fire destroy the wooden portion, as can be seen from
the details given further on, it can be replaced at a com¬
paratively slight cost, as the walls and floor would re¬
main intact. The tower, which adds so much to the
appearance of the building, can be used for a silo. The
cost of the structure complete is as follows : 60 barrels
of Portland cement, $96; 40 yards sand, $3^ ; making
the blocks, $40; foundation complete, $12; hauling bats,
$10; laying blocks in the wall, $36; windows (including
glass), complete, $17; hardware, $10; carpenter work,
$81; roofing, $50; lumber, $123; anchors and bolts, $5;
painting, $10; concrete floor, $89.60; hay carrier, $20;
total, $681.60. Mr. Cutshall was raised on a farm, and
his home is little more than a stone’s throw from the
old homestead where he was born. At present he is a
builder and contractor. b.

Indiana.

R. N.-Y. — Mr. Cutshall gives the following additional
information :

“The cement blocks are hollow, two cores, 31/ x 4
inches. They are better made hollow on account of
making a dry, warm house and for ventilation. Size of
blocks is 8 x 8 x 20 inches. The weight is 50 pounds.
They can be made by any laborer. The complete outfit
costs $125. With this you can build a State House by
a little skill added. We usually leave the blocks to dry
three to four days before laying. We use good lime
mortar cut with Portland cement to insure the tensile
strength. I claim to build the barn for about the same

money it would cost in wood. I use cement for floor,
finished floor in carriage room, rough floor in stalls
padded with clay.” _

PROF. BEACH GOES TO IOWA.

Prof. Beach, for 13 years horticulturist at the Geneva,
N. Y., Experiment Station, is now leaving for Iowa,
where lie will be horticulturist to the State Experiment
Station, and professor of horticulture at the State Col¬
lege, A. 1'. Erwin being associate professor. Prof.
Beach is a graduate of the Iowa College, spending two
years of practical work as nursery superintendent for
Silas Wilson, Atlantic, Iowa, lie then held the chair

I’ It OF. S. A. BEACH. Fig. 33.

of horticulture at the Texas Agricultural College for
one year, leaving this position for the New York Exper¬
iment Station, where he has acquired an enviable repu¬
tation. Prof. Beach is now engaged in writing an ex¬
haustive work on pomology, for which the State of New
York has made a special appropriation of $20,000. He
is also an active worker in the American Pomologica!
Society, and Secretary of the Society of Horticultural
Science. His services will be of great value to the col¬
lege from which he entered into active work, and the
horticultural interests of the Northwest will share the
benefit. A portrait of Prof. Beach is shown in Fig. 33.

ICE AND AN ICEHOUSE.

,-^yiy family and servants do not exceed live. But of course
when ice is most needed our guests swell the number.
l!o\v many cubic l'eet are in a ton of ice? Live me your
idea as to the size and capacity of a family icehouse such
as you may suppose will answer my purposes. (Jive me
an approximate cost of such structure and specify the
most desirable mode of construction. w. n, g.

New Jersey.

A solid ton of ice contains about 36 cubic feet, but in
estimating size of house for a required amount of ice
allowance must be made for spaces between the blocks,
for sawdust space between the mass and the walls, and

TIIE llOLI.Y-LEAVEI) CHERRY. Fig. 34.

See Kuraiisms, Page 80.

for shrinkage. This latter in the course of the season
amounts to 50 per cent or even more for small houses.
Ice as ordinarily cut and piled in the icehouse weighs
in the mass about one ton to every 45 cubic feet.

Under the circumstances mentioned, a desirable size
for house would be 13 x 13 feet and 12 feet high, making
a mass of ice about 10 feet square and 12 feet high. It
is not advisable to make the house too small, as the loss
is relatively larger and in fact, it is difficult to keep ice
all Summer in a small house. An icehouse should al¬
ways be built above ground. It should be double walled

with walls about 10 inches apart. It is to be preferred
to fill the spaces between the walls with sawdust; a
dead-air space is all right if it is a dead-air space, but
it is difficult to make an ordinary board siding tight
enough without sheathing paper to effect a dead-air
space; there will be openings enough to cause a circu¬
lation of the air, and thereby heat is quickly transferred
to the inner wall. Almost any kind of cheap lumber
will do for the inner wall, but the outer enclosure ought
to be fairly good. A shingle roof is the best, and this
should also be double as well as the sides. This is not
usually done, but everyone knows how hot it becomes
beneath any kind of a roof on a Summer day when the
sun shines. An enclosed space beneath the roof is of
great benefit in keeping the air above the ice from get¬
ting too warm. Another important thing to be looked
after is to see that the house is tight around the bot¬
tom, so that no air can get in. Warm air rises, and if
there is a hole in the bottom and air works its way up
in the ice the latter will be rapidly melted. If the earth
upon which the house rests is porous the drainage front
the ice will soak away in it; otherwise it would be nec¬
essary to lead the water away by a pipe, which should
be trapped to prevent a warm current of air from
ascending it. Under no circumstances should ice be
laid upon the ground. It can be laid on almost anything
that will keep it from coming in contact with the ground.
A house of the size and kind here indicated will cost
about $60 for material at ordinary lumber prices. Your
correspondent can tell more definitely about cost by
consulting a carpenter, and having decided upon just
what kind of boards he is going to use, get prices from
the lumber yard and then make estimates.

GRANT DAVIS.

USE OF FERTILIZERS IN MISSOURI.

Within the last five years the farmers have com¬
menced the use of chemical fertilizers. Pure bone meal
was first used, about 100 to 200 pounds per acre on
wheat and in starting new meadows. Now from three
to five or six carloads of bone meal and various mixtures
prepared by the- fertilizer companies are used every
Spring and Fall. Most of these are slaughter house
refuse ground and prepared, and sold for from $25 to
$32 per ton. A fertilizer company of St. Louis sends
out a wheat grower composed of raw bone meal and
tobacco dust, which has been used this season, but I
have no authentic report of results. I used a mixture
on corn the past season which cost $29 per ton. Judg¬
ing simply from appearances as compared with the corn¬
fields nearby on same kind of ground, where fertilizers
were not used, there was an increase in yield of two
to three barrels, 10 to 15 bushels per acre. 1 used 200
pounds per acre of the mixture drilled on the ground
with wheat drill before corn was planted. Rating the
increase at 10 bushels per acre, and at 50 cents per
bushel, there is a small profit in favor of the land where
fertilizer was used. We grow corn principally for the
grain ; although much fodder is cut up little commercial
value is allowed for it.

Where bone meal has been used on wheat at rate of
150 pounds per acre and part left unfertilized the in¬
crease is often doubled, but personally I have failed to
see any profit in wheat growing. The yield per acre
without fertilizer is oftener below 12 bushels than above,
and no actual tests by weight have been made around
here that 1 have heard of. There has been no attempt
as yet among farmers to mix their own fertilizers.
Much of the land in this part of Missouri has become
so much worn by injudicious management that it does
not pay to cultivate without fertilizing in some way.
Clover and stable manure are depended on mostly yet,
but many different chemical preparations are being used
in a small way. _ a. f, g.

SEPARATOR MILK AND CALVES.

We are now running our hand separator by the use
of a small steam engine. It is not necessary to do so,
but as we have the engine we find it convenient. Among
the advantages of separating the milk upon the farm I
will mention, first, that there is no time milk will separate
by the use of a machine more easily or more completely
than when fresh and warm. Second, we have the skim-
milk fresh and warm for our calves. Third, there is
so little time for germs to multiply that danger from
bowel trouble is averted. We have not lost a calf from
scours for several years, although all are Jerseys, and
claimed by some to be delicate. Fourth, our cream is
sold, tested, and paid for upon the basis of its butter fat;
we are paid for just what we furnish. Nothing could
be more fair. I know of no drawbacks. I should not
care to go back to the old ways, especially to the feeding
of the milk that had stood long enough to cool, or that
was composed of the indiscriminate product of many
herds. We feed in addition to the separator skim-milk,
a small amount of hominy meal, given dry just after
each feed of milk. Calves are ready for the show ring
at any time. We are now feeding 15 calves, also 11 hogs.

I might mention that a part of the calves are boarders.
These are sent when but a few days old and remain
until they become cows. 1 have not as yet received a
complaint as to feed or care given. If farmers want
good cows they must raise them, and to do. so advanta¬
geously, must have clean, warm, fresh skim-milk; this
means separators of their own and at home.

Connecticut. jeffeky o. phelps, jr.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

75

telephones save life and property.

Help at a Massachusetts Fire.

About a year ago a neighbor’s barn caught fire from
the steam engine used in cutting silage. A telephone
across the way gave the alarm. In an incredibly short
time the townspeople were coming from every direction.
An onlooker said: “How could these people from all
parts of the town learn so soon of the fire?” The large
force of men brought together so promptly was able to
secure not only all the stock, farming tools, wagons and
carriages, but saved dairy, henhouse and other small
buildings by drawing them out into the fields, away
from the burning barn. h. e. w.

Granby, Mass.

What Was Saved in Ohio.

There was an anniversary party at our village that
night, and my next neighbor went, taking his wife and
two older girls, and leaving at home seven small chil¬
dren, the oldest a boy of 13. About midnight one of
the children was awakened by the smell of smoke, and
getting up to investigate found that the sitting room
was full of smoke, and so hot that she could not go in.
She got the rest of the little ones up, and carrying the
baby they started in the bitter cold and through the
deep snow for their nearest neighbor’s house, some 60
rods distant, clad in their nightclothes. They reached
shelter nearly frozen, and told of the smoke and fire
at home. The neighbor sent word to me and asked me
to ’phone to the village. T called up “central” and asked
her to get word to the party, and to tell them to get the
village fire engine. One of the men at the party had his
team hitched to a large sleigh and, loading it with men
from the party and hitching the engine on behind, was
soon at the fire. In the meantime several neighbors
had arrived, also the distracted parents, who finding the
children safe, were much relieved. It was impossible
to get into the rooms where the fire was on account of
the great heat and the explosion of the gasoline in a
gasoline lamp, and we were helpless until the engine ar¬
rived. After getting the engine connected with the
cistern we soon had a stream of water playing on the
fire, and finally succeeded in putting it out. Had it not
been for the telephone the house would have been a
total loss. My neighbors now have ’phones in their
homes and don’t leave their small children alone nights
when they go to parties.

In another case a farmer friend who had a telephone
in his house rented his farm to a thrifty German. The
German thought he could not afford to pay $18 a year
for the use of a telephone, but my friend advised him to
leave it in for a while and try it. I here
is a small plum orchard on the place, and
in due time the plums began to ripen.

The man was very busy, and did not see
how he could find time to ship them.

Some one in a nearby village called him
up and asked him if he had plums to sell.

He replied that lie had. A bargain was
made, and he sold over $100 worth from
the little orchard, delivering them after
the regular farm work for the day was
over, or sending them by his children if
all his horses were not busy during the
day. This is only one instance. He still
has the telephone.

In our own business we find the tele¬
phone a great help. If we have fruit
ready to pick we find the most profitable
market by calling up the commission men
to whom we ship in the larger cities.

Often what we gain on one shipment will
pay for the use of the telephone for a
long time. We ship a good deal to gro¬
cers in nearby towns. The orders are
taken over the telephone and then shipped
to their destination over one of our two
electric railroads. This is a most satis¬
factory way of disposing of fruit. We
also get many private orders, which are
filled in the same way. When loading cars we find it
a great saving of time to order them by telephone and
find when they are on track ready to load. In fact, the
frequent use we make of the telephone is a constant
surprise. s. L. H.

House Saved in Vermont.

The middle of last March we had a short rainstorm
with severe thunder and lightning. The horse barn
of a farmer, living about two miles from this village,
was struck. Another farmer living about \l/> mile farther
on, who has telephone connections, saw the flash and im¬
mediately telephoned the facts to the village. In about 20
minutes nearly 200 men and boys were on the spot, and
by hard work and free use of chemical fire extinguishers,
the house and wood shed, which were connected with the
barn, were saved, with no damage except from smoke.
Stowe, Vt. a. c. o.

A number of clergymen were camping in this vicinity,
«Uid while preparing fuel one of the party was severely

cut with an ax. It was only because the telephone was
available that the physicians were enabled to arrive in
season to save his life. f. c. c.

Maine.

CEMENT FOR A TIN ROOF.

Dry Slowly and Finish with Paint.

On page 924 E. E. H., Chester, N. J., asks if cement
mortar three-fourths inch thick is a good covering for a
flat tin roof. Our objection to a roof of that kind is
the probability of improper application. For cement
to do its best it must be kept wet till it sets, say 10 days
to two weeks. If it gets dry before it sets thoroughly it
will never get very hard, while if it is kept wet for
about two weeks it will then continue to get harder, and
makes its greatest gain in about three months. For a
roof the best way to apply it would be first to cover the

‘•THEY LOOK LIKE FATHER!” Fig. 35.

roof with metal lath — expanded metal — and then apply
the mortar mixed about three parts of good clean sand
to one part of cement. This mixture will not be im¬
pervious to water, but it will be less liable to crack than
if mixed richer. Keep the mortar wet for two weeks
by spreading cloths of some kind over it and sprinkling
with a hose or any convenient way, but remember it
must not get dry until thoroughly set. Then let it dry
and paint to fill the pores. The pores must be closed
to prevent moisture from getting underneath. If very
much moisture gets through the mortar the first freeze
will chip it off. Painting will prevent this. Metal lath
is quite expensive, but cement mortar without it would
be quite apt to crack. The roof can be fixed this way,
but I think a much better and cheaper way would be to
put on more tin. People are constantly getting im¬
provements on old methods, but there has been no im¬

provement on shingles and sheet metal for ordinary
roofs. Good paint should always be used.

Washington. k. j. Hermans, c. e.

CHESTNUT GROWING IN VIRGINIA

We have found it practically impossible successfully
to transplant chestnut trees from the nursery to the
orchard. So far as our experience is worth anything, we
have demonstrated that chestnuts will not grow except
on soils naturally adapted to the tree; that is, on what
we call chestnut soil, and our only success has been
in clearing up such a piece of ground as had chestnut
trees already growing on it and then grafting the im¬
proved stock on the young sprouts, which always come
up in abundance. Even with this method it is ex¬
tremely difficult to secure a stand of growing trees;
usually not more than half the grafts will “take,” and
if extra care is not taken many of the young trees will
blow or break off after two years’ growth. We have
seen chestnut grafts grow 25 to 39 feet in a season, and

as the wood is very brittle the young trees arc quite
liable to break off in a high wind, usually at the point
of inserting the graft. The young trees should begin
to bear at four years, and there is never any difficulty
in selling the nuts at $3.50 to $4 per bushel. We have
not observed any special insect enemies except the ordi¬
nary Chestnut worm and the usual small boy. Expos¬
ing the nuts, as soon as gathered, to the fumes of
bisulphide of carbon will prevent any serious damage
from worms, and we think exposing the small boy to the
same treatment might be effective, although we have
not, as yet, tried it. As a side issue, and on land not
suited to other purposes, chestnut culture may afford
fairly good returns, and lots of fun, but as a commer¬
cial proposition along the lines suggested by your cor¬
respondent “we hae oor doots.” s. l. luiton.

Virginia.

QUESTIONS ABOUT ONIONS ANSWERED.

What is the best soil for onions?

We think there is no soil that will produce a better
crop with less labor than the muck lands that will be
found throughout the States of New York and Pennsyl¬
vania; such a soil we have here, and have had far better
success raising onions on it than on any other land we
ever tried. But it must be remembered mat before such
soil is fit for onions or any like crop, it must be thor¬
oughly subdued to get it clear of weeds, and there arc
vast areas of this land just waiting to be turned into a
garden by some of the laboring men who find it hard
work to make a living in their present places.

What crop should onions follow ?

It is desirable to grow onions on the same ground pro¬
vided it can be kept clear of weeds, for the reason that it
would then become firmer, and the firmer it becomes, pro¬
vided it does not bake, the better crop it will raise. This
might not apply to any other soil than ours or the muck
soils. However, we have had excellent success growing
onions after celery, as the celery leaves the ground free
from weeds, and the onions can be cared for with less
labor. The ground should be plowed in the Fall and lev¬
eled down, as then it can be worked and sown much
earlier in the Spring. If left to plow in the Spring it
might make a week or two difference in getting the crop
in, and this is important, as onions should be sown as
soon as the frost is out.

What varieties are best?

We think that the two main crop varieties are the
Yellow Globe Danvers an.d the Southport Red Globe, but
the Southport Yellow Globe may do as well with some as
the Danvers. But the crop must depend on the markets,
as the southern markets want the yellow
varieties, while the northern markets do
not care so much about them, and will take
red as well. Some arc tempted by the
high price of white onions to grow them,
but usually find that they have very few
that will command the high price. A
neighbor sent a few as samples to a New
York firm and asked him if he could get
the high price then quoted. They picked
out two of the medium sized and whitest
ones, and sent them back, telling him that
if he could ship them some like that he
could get the price. Of course he had
only a few like them.

What fertilisers arc used?

While wood ashes are good on most
soils they are not sufficient to produce the
best crop. We use the best complete fer¬
tilizer we can buy, and think it pays. We
use on our land from one to \l/2 ton of a
fertilizer that is about one to two of nitro¬
gen, seven to eight of acid and eight to 10
of potash, but this would be varied as the
needs of the soil required. We think it is
a mistake of some in using too small
amount of fertilizer and expecting a full
crop. Experience is the only way to find
out how much can be used with profit.
Care should be taken to get the fertilizer even on
the ground or the onions will be spotted, and hand
sowing of the fertilizer is not always satisfactory on this
account. A fair yield we should consider not less than
500 bushels to the acre; on our soil here 600 to 800 are
frequently raised. We had a piece that went at the rate
of 700 bushels this year outside of where they were dam¬
aged by water, and a neighbor has taken 8,500 crates
from nine acres, but these would be considered extremes,
and all conditions must be favorable. We have never
had experience with the Onion maggot but once, and
then they got into the onions before we knew what was
the matter. We went on and sowed ashes on the row in
a rainstorm. While it might have checked those that
had not hatched, we do not think there is much that can
be done after the maggots once get into the onion.

We fit our ground down thoroughly with a float made
of plank, going over the ground until it is very smooth
and level. This also crushes all lumps, and leaves the
ground in fine condition for the drill. We sow six
pounds of seed to the acre. On some soils this would be
too much, but on the muck it is not. As soon as the
onions are up so we can see them we work between the
row with a shove hoe, the best tool we have ever found
for the purpose. to. l. dungaN & son.

AN INDIANA BARN BL’ILT OK HOLLOW CEMENT BLOCKS. FlU. 36.

76

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 4,

GREENHOUSE WORK IN FEBRUARY

Double-Decked Benches.—- Th® early
preparations for the coming Summer begin
to crowd in during this wintry month, so
that it really becomes quite a busy time
for the gardener under glass. So much
in the line of propagation should he done
during February, both by means of cut¬
tings and seeds, that the grower is likely
soon to be confronted with the problem
of finding extra space for some of the
young stock, and this problem is some¬
times met by suspending narrow shelves
from the roof of the greenhouse. These
shelves may be made of a single board one
foot wide, and as long as may be needed,
a narrow strip being nailed on each side
of the board to make edge enough to
keep the pots from falling off when the
plants are being watered, and the shelves
may be supported by means of hangers
made of stout galvanized wire. The most
suitable plants to be placed on such a
shelf are those that do not require fre¬
quent waterings, for example any succu¬
lent plants like the houseleeks, Crassulas,
Echeverias and some of the Begonias,
for it must be taken into consideration
that shelves of this character are not
specially convenient when watering is
needed, beside which the drip and shade
from the shelf may be more or less det¬
rimental to the plants beneath. Never¬
theless these appliances add much to the
available space in a greenhouse and are
not infrequently used in small establish¬
ments.

Seasonable Propagation. — The cutting
bed should be in full swing just now,
for in addition to the roses, geraniums,
carnations, etc., to which reference has
been made in a former chapter, there are
many other species of Summer flowers
that must be provided for. Among these
are the Abutilons, or Bell flowers, as
they are sometimes known, of which there
are many varieties, white, red, pink, yellow
and vari-colored, and also some highly
decorative variegated-leaved sorts. Of the
latter one of the best for bedding purposes
is the white variegated variety known as
A. Savitzii, but this one is rather more
difficult to propagate than are Some of the
stronger growers. Rather light side shoots
make the best cuttings of the Abutilons,
the strong top growths being too soft and
pithy to root readily. The fragrant leaves
of the old-fashioned lemon verbena (Bip-
pia citriodora), make that plant a general
favorite, and this is a good time to put
in some cuttings made from soft young
growth, the young shoots about two inches
long forming roots in a short time when
kept moist and protected from the sun.
Heliotropes and Fuchsias may also be
rooted readily now, provided the cut¬
tings are made from new growths. Hard
cuttings of either of these plants do not
root readily and the same rule will apply
to very many of our common Summer
flowering plants. There are many thou¬
sands of Verbenas grown from seeds
every year, and the seedlings are quite
satisfactory if raised from a good strain
of seed, but if one wishes to grow named
varieties of Verbenas it becomes neces¬
sary to raise them from cuttings, and these
may be put in at any time from now
forward, the cuttings being formed from
the soft tips of the shoots with about
four leaves, and under favorable condi¬
tions will form roots in three to six days.

Summer Plants from Seed. — Then
there are many annuals that may be sown
in boxes or pans at this time, among them
being the dusty miller or Centaurea,
feverfew, Sweet Alyssum, Drummond
Phlox, Kenilworth ivy and various others
that are found in an ordinary collection.
Some special varieties of Dahlias may be
needed, and if the roots are potted or
planted in a box, they will soon start into
growth and provide some good cuttings,
the stock plants being placed in the warm
portion of the greenhouse and kept mod¬
erately moist.

Hardy Plants. — The hardy Phlox
may also be increased by cuttings if one
has taken the precaution to lift a few roots
in the Fall and to bring them into heat
in much the same manner as that sug¬
gested for the Dahlias.. Pentstemons
may also be lifted from the garden in the
Autumn with the hardy Phlox, and like
the latter may be stored in a cold frame
until they are needed for cuttings, at
which time they may be brought into a
temperature of 50 to 55 degrees at night
and kept moist, and will soon start away,
this method of increasing these plants
giving a greater stock than can be had
from the division of the plants.

The Bouvardias are very attractive and
useful as cut flowers, their various vari¬
eties including red, pink and white, all of
which are quite easy to grow provided
they are given some good soil, plenty of
moisture and a night temperature of 60
degrees. The present month is a suitable
time for propagating the Bouvardias also,
and this may be done by two entirely dis¬
tinct methods, the first being by means

•f cuttings farmed f.ram saGtian?

of the thicker roots about one inch long,
these root cuttings being planted in shal¬
low boxes of light soil, or preferably soil
in the bottom and a covering of bar sand
over the cuttings to a depth of one inch.
The boxes are then placed in a warm por¬
tion of the greenhouse, and in the course
of a few weeks will throw up shoots and
soon be ready to be potted off. The sec¬
ond method for propagating Bouvardias
is by top cuttings, these being formed
from the soft young growth, and planted
in the sand bed in the same manner as one
would do with carnations. It is also a
good plan to save some of the old Bou-
vardia- plants that have been blooming
during the Winter, and to plant them out
in the garden in early May, such plants
producing large crops of flowers in the
latter part of the Summer before the
young plants of the present season are
ready to bloom.

Soft-Wooded Plants. — The present
month is rather early to put in cuttings of
Coleus and Achyranthes, unless one is
very short of stock and intends to take a
crop or two of cuttings from the young
plants, for these plants root and grow so
quickly that they are liable to get starved
in small pots before the time for planting
them out.

Dwarf Dahlias. — There is now to be
had from the seedsmen an excellent strain
of dwarf single-flowered Dahlias, known
as the Tom Thumb type, these Dahlias
only growing 18 to 24 inches high and
flowering abundantly the first season from
seed. Seedlings of these plants raised
this month and next will be most likely to
flower by July 1, and some of them even
earlier, continuing to bloom from that
time until the frost cuts them down next
Autumn. As the sun grows stronger,
more ventilation will be required in bright
weather, but it should be remembered that
the winds are likely to be cold, and that
it will be much less of a shock to the
plants to open the ventilators a little when
the temperature gets up to 70 degrees
than to wait until the mercury runs up to
80 degrees and then to open up several
inches at once. The majority of plants
are more or less susceptible to strong
drafts, and this is especially so in the case
of plants that are being forced into growth
ahead of their natural season.

w. H. TAPLIN.

_ ,. . Do you get the best

possible crops from your
^ garden? Do you not think you

- ,M could be helped by reading good

articles written by experienced men!

The Fruit-Grower, St. Joseph, Mo.

5b a paper devoted solely to fruit culture,
with a garden department every month.
It is “the handsomest farm paper in

America,” 24 to G4 pages monthly. Besides its regular
garden department, in March it will issue a special gar-
dening number, which is one of four special issues for the
first months of 1905: “Anniversary number,” “Spraying,”
“Gardening,” “SmalFFruits.” If you have a garden, or
grow fruit, you need The Fruit-Grower. 60o a year or
send 25o and names of ten farmers who grow fruit
and secure a year’s subscription, in¬
cluding the four special numbers, M
any one of which is worth a year’s
subscription. Your money
back if this is notso.

The Fruit-Grower Co.

1551 8.7 th, St. Joseph, Mo.'

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

Peach Trees and!
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Friees low; quality
best. Write for new 190a Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

DCAPU TDCE7CA full line of varie
rCAV/n I rlCCO ties, new and old
APPLE TREKS,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS.H. BLACK SON & CO., Higbtstown. N. J.

rTWO MILLION-)

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees,
Elberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬
day. It’s sure to save you money.

J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md.

FRUIT and

Ornamental

Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Plants, Seeds, Etc.,

Over Half a Century

We offer everything
of the best for

Have been the stand
ard of excellence for

Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park, Street, Garden and Greenhouse.

Our aim is to retain all the old varieties that are desirable and introduce all the new things in
our line which promise to prove valuable. We send by mail postpaid, Seeds, Plants, Y ines,
Roses, Bnlbs and Small Trees and Guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction,
larger sent by express or freight. A valuable 168 page Catalogue FREE, send for it
and see what values we give for your money. Direct deal will save you all agents commis¬
sions and Insure you the best. TRY IT. Correspondence solicited. 51 years,
44 Greenhouses. 1000 Acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box223, PAINESVILLE, OHIO,

He Knows Good Trees.

J. G. Harrison & Sons, Washington, April 2, 1904.

Dear Sirs:— The 1,000 Elberta June budded peach trees received yesterday. A
better lot of trees I never saw. We were formerly in the nursery business and J
know frood Trees. We shall certainly be ordering from you next year.

Yours truly, F. WALDEN.

—wi in— Him* . . Wii i i Mire" ir~T

Harrison Trees Always Please.

A trial order invariably brings us a permanent customer. Our trees do their own talking—
we have no agents. APPLES. No smoother, more vigorous, better rooted
trees grown. All seasons, all varieties. York Imperial, Ben Davis, Early
Harvest, Rome Beauty, Stark, Winesap, all the good varieties.

PEACH TREES. We grow the finest stock in the world in
our climate. You can’t miss it if you order the great new.

Ray or the Elberta. Select trees of all varieties from earliest*
to latest ripening. Write for 1905 catalog of Apples. Peaches,

Pears, Plums, Grapes and Strawberries. Mailed free.

ml

HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

HOYT’S NURSERIES NEW ENGLAND

and no more complete line of “ A 1 ” stock grown in the United States. Fruit Trees, Shade Trees and
Ornamentals. Write us about your Fall planting— advice based on experience of three generations, free.

Catalogue for the asking.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., _ NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT.

We have a large surplus of A O §3 E C1 K3i P P ever grown in this country

some of the best varieties of ™ K* EL an<l offered at right prices.

Northern Spy, Valuable for top-working; Newtown Pippin, Gano, Fallawater, Baldwin, R. I. Green¬
ing and others. Low prices by the quantity. Peach and other Fruit Trees that will please. Send
for our Catalogue. BAKNES 1SROTHKKS NURSERY CO., Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW - Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants, Asparagus Roots and Seed
Potatoes in assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata¬
logue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mieli.

G-ranci Unite Constantino
and 'Winter IQanana

The beauty, large size, productiveness and quality of these varieties are engaging the attent ion
of some of our largest growers. Get our free catalog with plates describing them. All the other standard
reliable kinds.

Eox: 122 II. <S. Wiley tfc Son Caynga, 3\T. Y.

NEW APPLES

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE will save yot

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries.

you money. MTER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

ROGERS’ i M 1 1 > ■ Planters of Rogers’

are SAFE » ■ M Trees get Safety

Not the largest, not the oldest, not the cheapest, but the Best trees and the Safest trees money can
tiny. Our Tree Breeder tells about our trees and our plan of breeding. It's FREE.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON. THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

no YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME ?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID. and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,

true to name and Fumigated. All klndsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva. N. Y.

OlfftE. SURE

to get exactly what you order when you buy

_ FRUIT TREES. ROSE BUSHES. SHRUBS, VINES OR

SMALL FRUITS from our illustrated catalog. And you may be just as cer¬
tain that it will all be good, healthy stock, free from scale and disease.
There’s every advantage in buying from us. Write for free catalog.
GROVER NURSERY CO., 71 TRUST BLOG., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

BUY
DIRECT
FROM
GROWER.

IT FRUIT BOOK

"shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send foronr liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Climax, Crimson Cluster and all
other leading varieties For Sale

J. H. HALE’S

Fruits and Plants

are among the best in America. If you want
all kinds of berries, peaches, apples, plums,
chestnuts, asparagus, rhubarb, etc., for home
or market, send for free catalogue. Or if
wanting to double strawberry crop ivithout
expense of new plants or fertilizer , address

J. H. HALE, SOUTH GLASTONBURY, CONNECTICUT

DAVBD RODNAY

Route 39 HIRTLY, Kent Co., Dela.

WE OFFER A FINESTOCK

of the following trees and plants:

The New Hush Hybiid Chinkapin,
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts,
Papershell Pecans, Japar Chestnuts,
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalog ;e.

SUMMIT NURSERIES, Monl cello, Florida.

GRAPEVINES

£?$ Currants, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2c stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

» T. S. HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

~Sma!l Fruits

Whatever else your order includes don’t omit in Straw¬
berries the Climax and Olympia, in Raspberries the
Ruby and Black Diamond varieties. Hardy, prolific
bearers of choicestfruits. My stock is not approached
elsewhere. All choice varieties, also Blackberries, Goose¬
berries, Currants and Grapes. 1 guarantee you’ll be satis¬
fied with Wood quality of plants. All my own growing.
Send for Catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y.

mTMHIMUEM

;:re **brcd for henrinc:.” That’s why we
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also insures stoc k true to name and
variety. Over three million trees— 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. >Vo sell direet at
wholuBr.l© prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST NICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Bruton Harlmr, Mieh. ^

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

77

Culture of Bartlett Pear.

C. F., Warrens mile, N. J. — What is the best
way to grow Bartlett pears? I planted oO
trees last year and they all lived, but made
only about two inches grow.th. I have been
trying for 25 years to grow Bartlett pears,
with very little success; yet there are some
old trees in the neighborhood that seem to
do well. My land is a light clay, stony side
hill that slopes to the southeast.

Ans. — Why Bartlett pear trees will not
flourish in the location and soil described
is not clear to me. It may be that the land
is not well underdrained. Pear trees do
not do well in wet soil. There may be
springs that cause the subsoil to be wet,
but not the top soil, so as to attract atten¬
tion. In any case, it would do good to
drain the soil. This will not only make
a wet soil drier, but a dry soil moister,
strange as this may seem. Good tillage
and not too much stimulating manuring
ought to cause the trees to grow well.

H. E. V. D.

Liveland Raspberry Apple.

F. L., Denison, 'l'cx. — Can you tell me any¬
thing about the Liveland Raspberry apple?
What time does it ripen, compared with Red
.lane? Will it succeed here and does it bear
well ?

Ans. — Liveland Raspberry apple is one
of the Russian varieties that has beert
grown but little at yet, and little is knowit
of it. However, it has done quite well in
several places and may be valuable, espe¬
cially where the hardiness of the tree is
an important point. It is an early apple,
but not quite so early as Red June, so far
as I have had opportunity to judge. It
will doubtless do very well in northern
Texas, for the same varieties that endure
severe cold will also endure extreme heat
better than many less hardy kinds. We
see this fact demonstrated in the Olden¬
burg, Red Astrachan, etc., which I have
seen doing well at Denison and other
places much farther south in Texas and
other Southern States. H. E. v. D

Stayman Apple with “Baldwin Spot."

F., Redlands, Cal. — I planted 700 Stay-
man apple trees in 1800, on my mountain
ranch, 5.000 feet elevation, and they bore
well t'’--, years ago and apples were fine qual¬
ity But the last crop was a great disap¬
pointment. The apples were full of dark
specks, just like those in the Baldwin, and
we call the trouble the “Baldwin spot.” What
can I do for it? Our State Experiment Sta¬
tion experts say nothing can be done. Our
common Winesap does not have this trouble.

Ans. — This is the first time I have
heard of the Stayman apple being affected
in the way mentioned. Baldwin, Pennock
and some other apples often have dark
specks under the skin that seriously injure
them. There are no germs or other causes
apparent, the trouble being a natural fault
of the varieties, so far as we now know.
Nor is there a preventive or a remedy
known. It would be well for others who
may have had the same trouble appear in
the Stayman apple to state the fact, if it
has occurred, that we may be sure of the
truth regarding its characteristics. Possi¬
bly, last season the conditions were pecu¬
liar in the California orchard, and caused
the trouble, and it will not occur again.

H. E. V. D.

Sawdust or Ashes.

W. H. Livingston Manor, N. V. — Which
would be best, hard-wood ashes at. 10 cents a
bushel (second class) or hard-wood sawdust
at 50 cents for a double-box two-horse wagon
load, as much as one can draw? If the saw¬
dust was used for bedding under horses, would
it be rotted enough to give returns in the
Spring (May) for vegetables, mainly potatoes?
If you do not think well of the sawdust, what
could I use with hen manure for beaus, peas,
beets, carrots and cabbage?

Ans. — You cannot well compare wood
ashes and sawdust, since the plant food
in the ashes is available, while that in
the sawdust is not. A ton of unleached
ashes should contain 100 pounds of pot¬
ash, 36 of phosphoric acid, and 600 pounds
of lime. Ten cents a bushel means $5
a ton, which is about half the market price
when bought of dealers. The actual plant
food in a ton of sawdust is hardly worth
considering. There is but little of it,
and what there is is insoluble until fully
rotted. We should buy the ashes to sup¬
ply potash, phosphoric acid and lime, and
the sawdust for bedding without paying
much attention to the plant food in the

latter. We do not think the sawdust will
be rotted enough by Spring to be of much
value. It will help the manure to have
the sawdust worked through it. If you
want to make the most of hen manure for
beans you should dry and crush it fine
and mix with chemicals — 900 pounds fine
hen manure, 700 pounds acid phosphate,
and 200 pounds each ground bone and
muriate of potash will make a good mix¬
ture for beans.

At ST. LOUIS a GRAND PRIZE
was awarded on Vege tables, the
Products of

Burpee’s Seeds

If you garden you
want THE BEST

and we shall be pleased to mail you

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1905

an elegant new book of jyS pages ,
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Novelties of unusual merit. Write
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it is sufficient to address simply

Bu r pee, Ph i ladel phia

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

The World's Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade

Makes the most beautiful lawn sand desirable pastures.
Our “Lexington” brand is from fancy selected
crops, fully matured, grown on the best blue grass
lands, carefully cured and cleaned by most modern
processes. Each bag fully tested.

Enough to sow 20x30 feet, postpaid . . .$0.40
Enough to sow 30x60 feet, postpaid . . . 1.10
Enough to sow 40x90 feet, express paid . 1.75
Special Prices on Larger Quantities
Flower and Garden Seeds Catalog — FREE

David C. Frost (Est. 1884) 216 W, Short St., Lexington, Ky.

‘ - - '

>

The lest seeds that, money can buy are the
kind that produce the most profitable crops.
Actual photographs of what they grow are
shown in

Johnson & Stokes
Garden and Farm
Manual — Free

Our thoroughbred seeds insure the best
results, and can be had in the most complete
variety. All of them are thoroughly tested .
at our Floraeroft Seed Gardens and Trial |
Grounds.

1 wo field crops that are big money- makers

are Austin’s Colossal Yellow Dent Corn
and Golden Fleece Oats.

Velvet Beans, Cow Peas, Winter
Vetch and True Dwarf Essex Rapeseive
a double purpose. Enrich the soil and make
good fodder.

JOHNSON & STOKES DeptR

. “ Seedsmen to the Money-makers ”

[217-219 Market Street, Philadelphia

Try the New

Majestic Tomato:

- The greatest vegetable novelty of the sea¬
son. By all odds the largest, finest flavored
and most productive in existence. Thou¬
sands of our customers who received small
! trial packages last spring wrote us in the
r* fall that it surpassed all other sorts and
produced 100 lbs. to H7 lbs. of fruit to
the plant. Many reported single toma¬
toes, weighing 3 lbs. to 6% lbs. each.

- Just think what this kind of a crop would
mean on an acre of ground. The fruits
are not coarse grained and poor like
other large sorts, but are smooth, solid,
have few seeds, and are unsurpassed in
quality.Of fine shape and beautiful color.
Last year the seed sold at 40c per packet
Of 100 seeds, but this season, we have
reduced price to 15cts, and in ad¬
dition to this we are offering

$100.00 in Cash

prizes this year for the
largest tomato grown,
i Our large illustrated cata-
i loguo describing the above
' and many other choice novel¬
ties will bo sent free If you
mention thig paper.

IOWA SEED CO.,

Dos Moines, lowi

SEEDS

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalogfree.

The Ford plan saves you money.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Dept. 24 Ravenna. 0.

High Class Flower and Vegetable Seeds

For years we have been striving to show our many friends that we have a superior
selection and strains of Flower and Vegetable Heeds.

ARLINGTON TESTED SEEDS

Are known to be true mid will grow; we have tented them all. Now we want all
who are interested in seeds to have our 1!#05 catalogue.

It la new; it la up-to-date, with the lateat noveltlea and apeelaltlca.

Before you buy we want you to see it. If you will send us your address, we will mail it to you Free.
W. W RAWSON A CO., 8eedsmen, 12 and 13 Faneull Hall Square, Boslon, Mas*.

Harris* Seeds1— .

We have harvested unusually fine crops of seeds the past season and offer them direct

to planters at wholesale prices.

Get Seeds from the Grower

By raising Seeds ourselves and selling them direct to the planter we can sell better
Seeds for less money than other dealers. Catalogue free. It contains lots of good things.

JOS. HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, COLDWATER, N. Y.

LIVINGSTON’S
TRUE BLUE SEEDS.

Send 1185 two cent stamps. We then mail you 1 pkt. each Livingston’s
Beauty Tomato, Livingston s Ideal Cabbage, Livingston’s Emerald Cucum¬
ber, Crosby’s Egyptian Beet and Wonderful Lettuce, and our 104 page Seed
Annual. Send us back the empty bags and we will accept them at 5 cents
each on any order amounting to 5(1 cents or over.

THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., Box 144, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ALFALFA CLOVER

We are headquarters for Alfalfa, the kind yielding 7 tons per acre ; Salzer’s Alsike
Clover, hardy as oak, yielding 5 tons of magnificent nay per acre. We are the largest
growers in the world of Mammoth Red Clover, of Crimson Clover, of June Clover,
Timothy and all sorts and varieties of Grasses.

TEOSINTE AM) BILLION DOLLAR GRASS

Greatest green food on earth, yields 80 tons per acre, should be planted on every farm
In America, enormously prolific. Billion Dollar Grass yields 7 to 14 tons hay per acre.

SALZER’S NATIONAL OATS

Greatest Oats of the century, yielding in forty States from 130 to 300 bushels per acre.
Every farmer in America can have such yields in 1905. Salzer positively guarantees
this. Often 80 strong, heavily laden stalks from one kernel of seed I That is the secret
of its enormous yield. Straw strong, still, stands like a stonewall. Nothing ever
seen like it before. _

HOAIE BUILDER CORN

So named because 50 acres produced so enormously that the product built a
beautiful house. See Salzer’s Catalog. It is the earliest, big-eared and heaviest Yel¬
low Dent Corn on earth, yielding in Indiana, 157 bushels; m Ohio. ItiO bushels; in
Tennessee, 108 bushels, and in Michigan, a 70 bushels.

SPELTZ AXD MACARONI WHEAT

Speltz is the greatest cereal food on earth, yielding 80 bushels of grain and 4 tons
of hay tier acre. Macaroni Wheat, doing well on all soils, yielding 80 bushels per
acre. Hanna Barley for arid, dry soils, yields 75 bushels per acre; and Salzer’s
Beardless Barley, 121 bushels. ______

VEGETABLE SEEDS

We are the largest growers of Vegetable Seeds in America, operating over 5000 acres.
We warrant our Seeds to produce the earliest, finest V egetables grown. Our Seeds are
money-makers, the kind that the market gardener, the market farmer and the citizen
wants to plant. Onion Seed only 60c a lb., and other choice Vegetable Seeds just as low.
Try our 35 Packages Earliest Vegetable Novelties, postpaid for $1.00.

FOR xoc. IN POSTAGE STAMPS

and the nameof this paper, we will send you a lot of farm seed samples, fully worth

ABSOLUTELY FREE

If you will send us the accurate address of tliree wide-awake farmers, to whom we
can write, giving your name as reference, so that we can mail to them our great plant
and seed catalog, we will send to you free of all cost, our magnificent 140-page cata¬
log, and a package (with full culture directions) of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER

Coming from the highlands of Egypt, the land of the Ptiaraohs, the Sphinx and the
Pyramids, the land of luxuriant verdure and prodigal growths. This Clover will
astonish you.

You may send the tliree names on a postal card, witii full address, and be. sure to
give your name and address correctly when sending the three names. When writing _
us be sure and mention name of this paper.

LA CROSSE, W1S.

When writing to Salzer, be sure to mention this paper.— Editor.

A

78

February 4,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

I>ry Slaking Lime. — A few days ago I had
a talk with Prof. M. B. Waite, of Washing¬
ton. D. C., who gave me a good pointer on
dry-slaking lime. He has been doing it by
potting a small portion of broken stone lime
into a box and adding enough water to start
it slaking; after it is nicely started the re¬
mainder of the broken stone lime is poured on
top, and is slaked by the steam generated
by the slaking of the lime below. Something
is thrown over the box to retain the steam
and heat. This seems to me to be an ideal
way of dry-slaking lime, and I should think
there would be little danger .of adding too
much water. c. p. close.

Del. Exp. Station,

Book on Live Stock.

J. R., Miller’s Station , Pa. — I wish to get a
book that gives all the different breeds of cat¬
tle, their origin and the standard for each
breed.

A ns. — We publish a book called Horses,
Cattle, Sheep and Swine, by G. W. Cur¬
tis, which gives this information. Price
$1.

Certified Milk.

W. Ji. W., Wanoick, N. Y. — Where can I
obtain information in regard to making certi¬
fied milk, whaL is required and where a mar¬
ket can be found?

Ans— Send to Prof. R. A. Pearson,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., for bul¬
letin and other information ; also to Hon.
Chas. A. Wieting, Agricultural Commis¬
sioner, Albany, N. Y.

Value of Green Bone.

J. R., Miller’s Station, Pa. — What would lie
a fair price per pound for green bone at
butcher shops with commercial bone and beef
scraps at present prices? That is, bones'
large and small, just as they would run in
refuse from a shop.

Ans. — We would not pay over one cent
a pound, though we have known persons
to pay two cents. Often such refuse will
be given away.

Scale on Forest Trees; UJo Salad.

If. W., Clinton, III. — 1. Does San Jose scale
destroy forest trees, such as oaks, elms. Hard
maple, Soft maple, etc.? Also nut trees, such
as hickory, pecan, chestnut, hazel, walnut,
butternut and Japan walnuts? 2. The De¬
partment of Agriculture recommends a Japa¬
nese salad plant as a substitute for lettuce.
Do you know anything about it? Is its cul¬
ture likely to become profitable?

Ans. — The San Jose scale has been
found on native forest trees such as the
maple, elm and chestnut, but is not known
to be able to maintain itself on these
trees very long. In the observed in¬
stances, the scales probably came on these
trees in their larval form from, nearby in¬
fested fruit trees. We have not yet heard
of instances of the hickory, pecan, walnut
or butternut trees being infested, but re¬
gard it as likely to occur, lhe scale is
very troublesome on willow trees, and
is also very much at home on the Osage
orange ; so much so that the latter can
no longer safely be used as a hedge plant.
2. The Department of Agriculture has
been testing a Japanese salad plant called
Udo. As we understand it, the Udo is
not likely to become a substitute for let¬
tuce, but the blanched shoots of two-
year-old plants are eaten much in the
manner of celery. It is not likely that the
flavor of the Udo plant will prove very
acceptable to the American taste. Its cul¬
ture should be tried at first only on a
small experimental scale.

Pipe for Sulphur Water.

IV. M., Oypsum, O. — We have a drilled
well which furnishes very strong sulphur
water. We pipe the water to the barn, a
distance of about 300 feet. The best gal¬
vanized pipe lasted but four years ; at the
end of that time we repaired the whole line,
and now in one year it is eaten out again
in many places. The water from drilled
wells in this locality is all somewhat sulphur¬
ous. Would it be advisable to use cast iron
soil pipe, and what would be the action of
the water upon that? Could it be conveyed
through small sewer pipe well cemented at
the joints? How much pressure from the
pump would these stand? Is there any kind
of pipe I can use that would not lie destroyed
by the action of the sulphur water?

Ans. — We advise the use of pipe lined ■
with a coating of white enamel. This
would cost, of course, considerably more
than galvanized pipe, but it would lasf
indefinitely, and would pay in the end.
Cast-iron soil pipe would last longer than
the wrought-iron or steel pipe which W.
M. has been using, and there would be
no trouble about its standing the pres¬
sure, but the sewer pipe which is asked
about could not be depended upon to
stand more than a slight pressure.

NEW RED

Phenomenal Raspberry

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERK1KS TO A PLANT
FOURTEEN MONTHS FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long and 3)4 inches in
circumference; they will ship 1,000 miles easily.
Acres and acres are being planted in California for
Canning Purposes, and the plants are in great
demand. Send for photograph, description and
prices of tip plants. Plants ready to ship from
January 15th to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO.,

L. Box 103, Loomis, California.

rinQT DDI7P MCnAI Q for largest Strawber-
nnol rniLL lYlLUHLO Ties and Gooseberries
shown at St. Louis Fair. Write for catalogue. A. T.
GOLDSBOROUGH, Wesley Heights.Washlngton.D.C.

BUSINESS MANAGER wanted In every town to
manage branch office and superintend force of
salesmen— Big money. No canvassing. No capital
required. Can be managed with other work or busi¬
ness. Particulars on application. Give references.
William C. Moore & Co., Nurserymen. Newark, N. Y.

1,000,000 CLIMAX

and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to
name. Send for price list and description.

JOHN W. GREEN, Bridgeville, Del.

FOR SALE

1 — Czar of Russia Oats:
Durham Bull Calf, four
monthsold; Heifer most three years; Alpha JleLaval
Separator Baby No. 1. CHAS. MARSH, Valois, N. Y.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The best shipping and selling tomato ever i ntroduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or $1.00 per or.., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandanch, L. I., N. Y.

Cauliflower Seed,

Choice Danish grown, Karly Dwarf Kr-
ly fnrfc, $1.50. Karly Snowball, $2.oo oz.

B. E. GrOODALK, 1947 Broadway, New York City.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presque
Iale, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

POTATOES — Bliss, Bovee, Cobbler, Harvest, Hebron, Ohio, I>>ug-
fellow, Six Weeks 5 85 kinds. C. W. POKD, Fishers, N. Y.

fiDlCC CCCn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
"OHOm “ttU Seed, BlueGrass.ltedTop, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me hear from you and your wants.
Address U. .1. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Ohio.

M

CLOVER SEED

ammoth, Medium, Alslke, Timothy. True to name,
clean and pure. Direct to farmers.

The O. C. SHEPARD CO., Medina, O.

rnn qii p— crimson clover seed, $4.50

lUn OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes. $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $2.50 bushel. JOSEPH K. HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware.

100,000 BLACKBERRIES Mersereau, Eldorado. King'

etc. Finest catalog. W. N. Searff, New Carlisle, O.

Plants, Trees and Vines, Privet, Aspara¬
gus Roots, 1 and 2 years. Strawberry Plants,
at $1.75 per thousand. Certificate. Free Cata¬
logue. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

LOMBARDY POPLARS A

First class trees 8 feet to 18 feet CALIFORNIA
PRIVET, strong, 1 year, in quantities to suit. 2C
inches to 2 feet. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

MY PLANT CATALOGUE

KKVITT’S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Berry Plants
all good kinds

Cat. free.

Over $200 netted last year per
acre from Parson Beauty Straw¬
berries, also, from Miller Rasp¬
berry. We sell plants enough
of either sort for 1 acre for $15
SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Dei.

850,000

__ GRAPE VINES

69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, Ac. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FRED0NIA.N.V.

“GREAT SCOTT”

-A- 3ST ©w Strawberry

S. H. WARREN, Weston, Mass.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW and
Standard Straw'by,
Ras’by, Grape and
Blk’by plants, Vigorous. Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low' Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. R. WESTON & CO.

R. F. D. No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

Innn nnn asparagus roots— The

yUUUfUUU Most Profitable Crop grown
Seven of the best varieties described in our 96-page
Catalogue. It is FREE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOORE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y,

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

** 1.000 and up. Catalog Free.

50 varieties
at SI per

1,000 and up. Catalog Free.

R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Mich.

Bea8T

SEED POTATOES 70 varieties free

A. G. ALDRIDGE, Fishers, Ontario Co., N. Y.

OUR CATALOGUE quotes Lowest Prices on good
plants, and the best berry crates and qt. baskets
made. H. H. AULTFATHER, Minerva, Ohio.

5,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Of all leading varieties, new and standard. OurStock
of Plants is the best in the world. Price SI. 75
per M. Read what a customer says; “Received
the plants in good shape; they were the best I ever
bought. Your vfay of packing is good. Thanking
you for your liberal count of plants, I remain, your
customer, Jas. D. Clark, Mateer.Pa.”

We guarantee safe delivery and satisfaction.
Wholesale and Retail Illustrated Catalogue Free.
Write to-day and save money. Address
W. 8. PERDUE & SONS, Box 115, Parsonsburg, Md.

THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY

Originated at Ottawa, Can., now on the market for
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the
hardiest, most productive, and best all-round berry
in existence. The notes for 1904 from Central Ex¬
perimental Farm, Ottawa, are: "Very strong grower,
good crop, fruit large to very large, bright to deep
red, moderately firm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good
flavor, good to very good quality; promising from
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for
shipment. Yield from 12 plants, 50 baskets of fruit.”
For further information, write,

W. J. KERR, Nurseryman,

Renfrew, Ontario, Can.

*s°- worth or
SEEDS FREE.

I

i want to

get in touch with every
buyer of seeds. My plan of giv¬
ing #5 worth of tested seeds free,
is worth knowing. It includes a
chance to make more dollars. Send
for catalog and get packet of choice
flower seeds FREE. A postal will do it.

HENRY FIELD
Box

Shenandoah, la. Lj Dfi

-TK. JCar-SMd-Com
Man."

GRISWOLD’S SEEDS

AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

We are Seed Growers and we give the
Seed Planter more value for his money
than any other firm in the business. Send
for Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos. Griswold & Co.,

36 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

It takes f20,000 worth of pottage stamps to mail

the Maule

SEED

logue for 1905. It contains 152 large pages,
i full of illustrations and descriptions of the j
best and newest things known in horti-
, culture. No gardener can afford to be without 1
this book, which will be sent free to all sending *
1 me their address on a postal card.

Win. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044- I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established

Our large 100 page Illus¬
trated Catalogue of
Ideal Seeds, Plants* Bulbs,
and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE
DWARF
OTAHEITE

If you will send us the addresses of
five persons interested in buying

_ Seeds and Plants and six cents to pay

postage. Thisorangeis easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO.. Dept 10 Colla. Ohio

lant oi tne popular

ORANGE

I New and standard varieties. Promising new vari¬
eties from the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro¬
cured elsewhere. Earliest Seed Com and
Garden Seeds from the natural home of
jtlie potato, and the garden of Northern
1 Maine. Catalog free.

The Oeo. W. P. Xerrard Co., Caribou, Maine.

1905

^Garden Book

The seed and plant catalogue of the
century. Needed by all growers of
flowers or vegetables. 224 pages profuse¬
ly illustrated. The most complete list
of seeds, plants, bulbs, etc., ever cata¬
logued. Gives full cultural directions.

This book mailed free to old customers without
request. Sent to anyone on receipt of fen cenfs,
which amount may be deducted from first order.
TV hen writing, please mention this magazine.

1 HENRY A. DREER

714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

gry’s

are known by what they have
grown. For half a century they
have been the standard— haven't
failed once to produce bigger, bet¬
ter crops than any others. Sold
by all dealers. 1905 Seed An¬
nual free to all applicants.

D. M. FERRY A CO.,
Detroit, Mich.

Potatoes

The famous “D & B Line”
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads in earliness, yield,
vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money,

For 25 cents (stamps or
Silver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.
DARLING & BEAHAN,

328 Michigan St.. PET0SKEY, MICH.

I have been growing plump seeds and
sellingthem on the square. My custom¬
ers stick. Nobody else sells my quality of seeds
at my prices. 1 cent a pkt. and up. Onion seed
50c per lb. All other seeds equally low.

A Large Lot of Extra Packages Pre¬
sented FREE with Every Order.

I want to fill a trial order, large or small, for you.
You’ll come again. Send your own and neigh¬
bor’s name and address for big FREE catalogue.

B. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford. Ills. I

SEEDS

THEILMANN’S — The Seed men — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THE THEILMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

ninni C!Q CCCI1 AITC —“New Twentieth Century, "the best variety for American farmers.
UIDDLC w OCCU UA I da The earliest, most productive sort, with tall stiff straw absolutely
rust proof. Customers of ours say, “ 440 bu. from 4 acrefs,” “ 68 bags from 2 bu.,” “2,000 bu. from 26 acres.”
“ Straw 5 ft. high, heads 12 in. long.” 2)4 bu. bags $2, 10 bu. $7, bags free. Full description, page illustration
in colors, painted from nature, and a score of testimonials from many states, in our new FARM SEED
CATALOG. It’s FREE. EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

Sure, safe, reliable.

slatekin’s Seed

For nearly a quarter of a century they have stood the test. They
cost no more, they yield more, and save disappointment
when you buy them. Our big 21st Annual Catalogue;,
withfullillustrationsand descriptions of all farm and
garden seeds^mailed free if you mention this paper.

low*.

Write for it. EAXKKIII’S SEED HOUSE, Box 10, SbeA»»di»»b,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A FEW PLUM NOTES.

The season of 1004 was a fairly favorable
one here for the growing of plums, but since
the advent of Japan varieties the selling of
native plums in our local markets is becoming
badly demoralized, and that, at prices less
than any other fruit we grow, unless it be
apples, yet it would be hard to find a fruit
stand without a good showing of California
plums. The prejudice against the native as
an eating fruit is so strong that the differ¬
ence in [trice of graded and first-class fruit
as compared with ungraded and in many
cases unthinned and poorly grown fruit is so
small as to discourage the careful grower,
especially of varieties which come upon the
market in the glut of the season. The small
grower who will grow good fruits and chooses
wisely the varieties best suited for his mar¬
kets, stands more than a fair chance of hav¬
ing the balance show on the right side of the
ledger, even though it be a small one.

I find Quite a little variation in the ripen¬
ing of individual trees, and location, culti¬
vation and fertilization are all factors in the
early or later ripening of fruit, and with the
same varieties of fruit extending the ripening
season a week or more. I mention only such
varieties as have proved of some value, and
nearly or quite all will give pleasure and
profit in the home garden.

Red June has given the best satisfaction
and more profit than any other early va¬
riety we have grown. A good size, firm flesh
and very fair quality when well grown ; a
good shipper and seller, but when the market
is more fully supplied may not. pay better
than many others, as it is too early for a
canning plum. Climax ripened this season
just before or with Abundance, and was the
largest plum of all the varieties tested. A
handsome, firm-fleshed fruit of fair to good
quality, somewhat inclined to rot and crack
open should rain happen at time of ripening.
Tree not as thrifty and hardy as Abundance;
needs further testing to prove its value. I
would advise those interested in plums to
try it. Abundance is still one of the best for
the home or nearby markets, but too soft
and juicy for distant shipment. One of the
best in quality if well grown, but like all
Japans, when grown on old and neglected
unthinned trees insipid and worthless. Bur¬
bank, although a sprawling grower in tree,
one of the longest-lived and hardiest of the
Japans. A heavy yielder of fair canning
plums. We have discarded it as not suitable
to our trade. Shiro is a rank grower on
young trees; the most satisfactory of the
yellow or light-colored plums we have tested.
A good eating plum, not profitable for sauce
or canning here. Ilale may possibly prove
of value to grow for home eating. As a mar¬
ket variety, not worth planting with me.
Wickson, tree not hardy, and short lived ;
fruit buds little more hardy than the peach.
A good, handsome fruit and sells well, if you
have any to sell. A very upright grower;
should be headed low, and may be planted
closer than some others, and used as a filler
in vacant places. October Purple is very
much like Ilale in growth of tree, and before
ripening in fruit, but is later and darker In
flesh and fruit. Of more value than Ilale,
and one of the best eating of the later varie¬
ties. It needs further testing as a market
variety. Chabot, although earlier than the
preceding variety, has proved the most profit¬
able late sauce or canning plum we have
grown. Also a fair eating plum. We received
scions of Satsuma from Luther Burbank
, about 20 years ago, and had trees raised from
that stock. Although not as thrifty or long-
lived as Burbank, they proved quite profitable,
and one of the best selling plums we have
grown. We later ordered a couple of hun¬
dred or so from an eastern firm ; they have
proved a flat failure so far, although they
should have borne full crops before this time.
We need something better, but are not ready
to recommend the Sultan, an earlier plum
which has borne two crops with us, and may
prove profitable with others.

1 am more than ever convinced that for
the most profit the Japans should be budded
upon the peach, and set upon land best
adapted to that fruit; that thrifty andi com¬
paratively young trees will give the best re¬
turns, and that it will not pay to run them
to a good old age, as may be done with the
Europeans. In some cases they might be used
at a profit as fillers in young apple orchards.

Worcester Co., Mass. h. o. mead.

Lincoln Coreless Pear.

C. E. IT., Enders, Pa. — A tree agent rep¬
resenting an Ohio nursery sold a number ot
trees through this section, at a very high
price, too, and among the different kinds he
sold was the Lincoln Coreless pear. lie
claimed that it would have no core or seed.
Is there anything of the kind, and is it worth
anything if it does grow? I would like to
know the quality of the following kinds of
pears : Dorset, Gans, Gaponspa, Bordeaux.

Ans. — The pear that has been sold un¬
der the name Lincoln Coreless is too
poor in quality to be worthy of attention.
Nor is it altogether coreless and seedless.
It is late, green in color, tough and al¬
most tasteless. Gans is a very good and
very early pear, and much like Tyson in

size, color and quality, and worthy of
planting. Dorset is also a new pear of
promise, but has not been grown over a
wide range as yet. It is worthy of trial.
The other two varieties I have not seen,
and really cannot say anything one
way or the other. h. e. van deman.

Insects Attacking Dahlias.

A. C. It., Calais, Vt. — The past season some
insect destroyed my Dahlia buds almost be¬
fore they were large enough to be seen. Is
there a remedy 1 can apply?

Ans. — There are -not many insects that
destroy Dahlia buds before blooming. The
best treatment would probably be to dust
the buds and foliage as soon as attacked
with either fresh buhach (pyrethrum
powder) or fresh-ground hellebore, such
as is used for the Currant worm. In¬
sects of this kind are usually tissue eaters;
that is, they do not suck out the juices
of the plant, but eat the leaves, and are
readily destroyed by applications of poi¬
sonous insecticides.

Add les for Ohio.

Ij. N. 8., Huron, O. — What variety of apple
is the best for me to plant for market, here
in Erie Co., Ohio, to be shipped to eastern
markets, York Imperial, Rome Beauty, or
Boiken? Early annual bearing variety want¬
ed. Is Red Beitigheimer a good variety to
follow Oldenburg?

Ans. — York Imperial would be a good
apple to grow farther south, but it will
not reach its highest development along
the northern border of the States; how¬
ever, I think it will pay there. Rome
Beauty is better adapted to that part
of Ohio along the Ohio River, but it does
do very well farther north. In my opinion
the Boiken, if very well grown, will pay
better there than any of those named.
Beitigheimer is a very large apple, but
so very poor in quality as to be worthless
for any purpose except on the show
table. Wealthy will follow Oldenburg
and be profitable, especially as a filler.

h. e. v. D.

Apples for Southern Jersey.

R. W. 8., Elmer, N. J. — I contemplate set¬
ting out fruit upon a new place this season.
The soil is nicely drained, not sandy, a good
medium loam, slightly stony. I desire six
to eight varieties of apples, earliest to late.
Quality is demanded. Name sorts suitable
for southern Jersey.

Ans. — A short list of apples for south¬
ern New Jersey, or almost anywhere in the
Eastern States, for family use, quality be¬
ing a prominent feature, is as follows ;
Early Harvest, Garden Royal, Early Joe,
Primate, Jefferis, Fall Pippin, Grimes,
Jonathan, Stayman, White Winter Pear-
main and Swaar. They are placed in or¬
der of ripening. Some may be difficult to
obtain from the nurseries, especially Gar¬
den Royal, Primate and Swaar, but they
are worth the effort to get them. It is
very difficult to get late keepers that are
of good quality. In selecting the trees I
wish to lay stress on the need of but very
few trees of each of the early and Autumn
varieties, because a family can only use a
small amount, but of the Winter varieties
there should be a much greater proportion.

H. e. v. D.

Japan Walnut Questions.

IT. IF., Clinton, III. — How will the Japan
walnuts compare with the butternut? How
will they compare in quality with the com¬
mon Black walnut? Will the butternut and
Japan graft on the Black walnut? Are the
Japans hardy in Illinois?

Ans. — The Japan walnuts make thrifty
and hardy trees that bear at an early age
and very abundantly. In comparison with
our native butternut, Juglans cinerea, they
are equal in all these respects, except it
may be in hardiness, and on this point I
am not sure that they are not equal, and
are more precocious in bearing. The nuts
are smaller, quite smooth, and the kernels
of about the same proportion to the shell
and of equally good flavor. Compared
with our native Black walnuts, Juglans
nigra, and the native California walnuts
as well, they are more thrifty in growth, at
least while young, and the nuts are smaller,
smoother and have thicker shells. These
three species will intergraft, but with diffi¬
culty. They can be budded, one upon the
other, but this is also very difficult. When
the proper conditions are well understood
I believe we shall be able to succeed with
both grafting and budding the walnuts,
but as yet few can do it successfully. The
Japan walnuts are hardy in Illinois.

H. e. v. D.

TREES TRUE TO NAME.

John Halliday has bought trees of us each year for 15 years and says that all
have proved true to name except one tree.

Our larger supplies are as follows :

APPLE trees, pear trees, poplar trees.

Each in three sizes : large, medium and smallish sizes.

GRAPE VINES, CURRANT BUSHES.

We offer special bargains on the above items and invite correspondence with
planters and dealers.

Our Apple trees at $5.00 per lOO, boxed free, are superior trees, nearly
5 feet high, well rooted, good bodies, well branched, that we were compelled to dig
in clearing a large plantation. We never had so large a supply of Currant bushes
for sale as we have this spring. We offer the famous Red Cross Currant Bushes, 2
years old, at $22.00 per 1,000, boxed free.

We never had so many Grape Vines for sale as we have this spring and we
can give equally low prices for Worclen, Niagara, Concord and Green’s new
white grape.

GREEN’S FARM TOOL SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Send for catalogue giving prices and illustrations of Spraying devices, plows,
cultivators, berry boxes and baskets, pruning hooks, knives, saws, shears, barrel
headers and garden tools. This catalogue is mailed free.

OUR 0. A. GREEN AS A FRUIT GROWER.

Thirty years ago our C. A. Green was a member
of firm of bankers in which capacity he had served
fifteen years. The financial panic of 1873 drove him
out onto a fertile but abandoned farm where he began
fruit growing under adverse circumstances, without
capital and with many encumbrances. The first few
years he leased the larger portion of the farm for
farming purposes, devoting his attention to a 12 acre
field which he p. anted with his own hands to various
kinds of sm all and large fruits. During the first win¬
ters he made money by personally hauling out from a
piece of swampy land, cedar rails, stakes and posts.
11 is revenue the first year was from this cedar swamp,
from his share of the farm crops and from the
sale of small fruit plants. He was a born horticul¬
turist. When a child he showed enthusiasm for

. _ _ fruit culture. His experience on this run down farm

a GREEN President. was the leading event in his life. He had previously

been in feeble health, but now he was robust and
strong. He began in a small way to bud and graft with his own hands, thus start¬
ing a small nursery. The first few years his revenue was exceedingly small, but it
gradually increased until the total income from this farm amounted to oyer $100,000.
On this farm he started the publication of Green’s Fruit Grower, which has ever
had a flavor of the fresh turned furrow. Fruit growing with him was a delight and

pastime, yet each day he lanored with all his strepgth, and both he and his wife

economized each year to the limit.

In order to encourage those who start fruit growing m a small way, I add here¬
with the total receipts from this farm for the first years, which were as follows :

1st year,
2nd year,
3d year,
4th year,
5th year,
6 th year,

$ 16 72

141 00
354 00
1,231 00
1.200 00
3,500 00

7th year,
8 th year,
9th year,
10th year,
11th year,
12th year,

$ 6,400
10,650
14.871
13,437
20,464
26,138

This yearly income has gradually increased until the present time, some years
falling off a little for reasons unknown.

Green’s Books 10 cents each.

Our C. A. Green has published the following
books, regular price of which, mailed postpaid is 25
cents each, but if you will mention this offer we
will accept from Rural New-Yorker readers 10
cents for any one of them.

(1) Secrets of the Nursery Business, over
100 beautiful photographs, 10 cents.

(2) Green’s Six Books on Fruit Culture,
under one cover, 10 cents.

(3) American Fruit Growing, 10 cents.

(4) American Poultry Keeping, 10 cents.

NEW FRUITS — We offer the hardy and long-
keeping Red Grape known as Kegal ; also Wismer’s
Dessert, American Blush, Banana, Green’s Im¬
proved Baldwin, Bismarck and other rare Apples ; also Niagara, best of all Peaches;
also Bing Cherry, Gans New Early Pear, Thanksgiving long keeping Prune, Red
Cross and Wilder Currants.

FOR HATCHING

$2.00 for 13

From prize-winning breeds S. C. Brown
Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Barred and
White Rocks. Price of Cockerels and Pullets
*3.00 each. Trios $7.60. Green’s Poultry
Book for 25 cents.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO.,
Rochester,

"• r.

Write me to-day. A postal saying,
a copy of Green’s Fruit Magazine.”
the opportunity escapes you.

GRAPE VINES

113 for 91.00.

No garden is complete without plenty
of Grape Vines to supply an abundance
of delicious fruit. We offer high grade
vines for this purpose.

We will send twelve large Grape Vines
of the best table varieties, including three
red, three white and six black for $1.00,
delivered free.

Look for our full-page “ad”
in Kural New-Yorker, Mch 4.

“Send me Green’s Fruit Catalogue, also
Do it now. Before you turn this page and

GREEN’S NURSERY GO., Rochester, N. Y.

8o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 4,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

No Faith in Pedigree Plants. — A
year ago Matthew Crawford, Cuya¬
hoga Falls, Ohio, the veteran strawberry
grower, issued a call in the form of a paid
advertisement in many horticultural jour¬
nals for direct information from planters
concerning the behavior of “pedigree” or
thoroughbred strawberry plants, and also
for the purchase of “scrub” or degenerate
plants of well-known varieties for compar¬
ative trials with the so-called pedigree or
intentionally bred plants of same varieties,
as offered by occasional dealers. The call
promised information in due time to those
willing to assist in this investigation. Mr.
Crawford has recently distributed a six-
page circular entitled “The Pedigree Ques¬
tion,” as the first installment of informa¬
tion gathered from correspondents in re¬
sponse to this call. Many of the quoted
writers, evidently practical men, report
absolutely no advantage from the pedigree
plants furnished often at increased cost
by clamorous advertisers over ordinary
“scrub” plants taken from worn-out
fruiting beds when given exactly the same
cultural conditions. They have no con¬
fidence in the theory of improving given
varieties of useful plants that are propa¬
gated by division methods by selection of
runner plants, offsets, scions, buds or cut¬
tings, except in so far as the parents are
free from observable disease. They con¬
tend no improvement or change can he ex¬
pected in plant life except through the
seed. Others report a trifling gain in
some respects from pedigree plants, four
times as large when set, as from scrub
plants of the same variety, but by no
means enough to warrant the extravagant
claims of the pedigree plant exploiters.
It is becoming evident to those most inter¬
ested that the matter of improving recog¬
nized plant varieties, from the gardener’s
standpoint, by hud selection or asexual
propagation alone is likely to be a long
and uncertain process except in the rare
instances where well-marked variations,
“sports” or direct mutations, chance to
be found. The principle of always breed¬
ing from the best available material is
sound, and until the possibilities of im¬
provement by bud selection are better
worked out it is not well to make claims
so quickly disproved by comparative’trials.

Influence of Stock on Scion. — When
we come to the influence of stock on bud
or scion it is evident the problem is
more complicated. While the distin¬
guishable influence in the vast majority of
cases is only that of greater or less inten¬
sity of nutrition certain modifications are
occasionally noted, grading all the way
to a complete fusion or graft hybridization
between the characters of the stock and
scion. More than one instance of the
latter has been recorded in which the
graft-hybrid has retained its characteris¬
tics when propagated on either of the
parents, or on other congenial stocks.
Thus Laburnum Adami originated in
France as a graft-hybrid between the
Golden Chain tree, Laburnum vulgare,
and Cytisus purpureum. The latter is a
purple-flowered, drooping shrub, while
the former often grows 20 feet high, and
has bright yellow flowers and distinct
foliage. The graft-hybrid is intermediate,
but often bears branches having flowers
and foliage typical of one or the other,
and sometimes of both parents. Such re¬
sults are so rare, however, that they are
never taken into consideration in prac¬
tice, and a quite pardonable scepticism as
to any result aside from lessened or in¬
creased vigor, when mixed or seedlings
stocks are used, is expressed by most
nurserymen and propagators. Certain dif¬
ferences in the product of plants or trees
grafted on diverse stocks can only be ex¬
plained, if the culture is uniform, by the in¬
fluence of the stock, and it is evident that
there is room for careful discrimination in
the choice of the latter. It is quite pos¬
sible that in the course of time stocks will
be selected to a large extent for the special
varieties which they are to be grafted.

Grafting Changes Grapes. — It is well
known that since the dissemination
abroad of the phylloxera, or native Grape
root-louse, the vineyards of France have
been largely rehabilitated by grafting the
local varieties, so nearly destroyed by this
pest, on resistant stocks of American
origin. Our native grape species have be¬
come so indifferent to the attacks of
phylloxera from centuries of association
that they can he regarded as practically
immune. A vast amount of intelligent
breeding has been done, both here and
abroad, to produce vigorous and congenial
stocks with resistant roots on which the
desired Vinifera grapes can be worked,
and the quest has been rewarded with the
most complete success as far as the vigor,
productiveness and probable longevity of

grafted vines is concerned, but careful
growers report many puzzling changes in
the appearance and quality of the grapes
borne when certain varieties and stocks
are worked together, resulting at times
in reduction of value in the product. As
these grape stocks, like the fruiting vari¬
eties used for scions, are grown from
cuttings, they are true to type, and the
variations in the fruits borne by the
grafted plants are more 'constant than
could be expected if the stocks were
grown from seeds, like those used for
orchard trees. Progress is being made
in adapting those stocks to varieties, so as
to secure good vines with the smallest
obtainable deviation from the desired qual¬
ity and type of fruit.

T he Holly-Leaved Cherry. — One of
the several handsome evergreen shrubs or
small trees indigenous to the California
coast region is the Holly-leaved cherry,
Prunus ilici folia, known also as the Span¬
ish wild cherry and Evergreen mountain
cherry. It is neat and compact in growth,
bears rather conspicuous white flowers in
Spring, and large purple or black fruits,
in racemes of three or more, in Autumn.
The leaves are glossy, somewhat crinkled,
and armed at the margin with spines
somewhat like our eastern holly, but are
duller in color. The tree is not hardy in
the Atlantic States, hut is frequently
planted for hedging and as an ornamental
in California. Forms with larger, smoother
leaves and more showy fruit are found
in the islands off the southern California
coast. The best of these is known as the
Santa Catalina variety. Fig. 34, page 74,
shows fruits of this as improved by se¬
lection by Luther Burbank. Leaf and
fruits are represented life size, but the
latter shriveled and became detached from
the stem during their long journey by
post. Mr. Burbank thus calls attention
to the quality of the cherries:

These Prunus ilieifolia fruits are not only
large, but if you have never tasted the ordi¬
nary kind, they are very superior in size,
abundance of flesh and quality, as well as in
beauty of form and productiveness of tree.
However, there is plenty of work to be done
in reducing the size of the seed.

We never tried the ordinary form, but
judge from these samples there is a long
road to travel before an acceptable des¬
sert fruit can be evolved. The plant
breeder never knows, however, what sur¬
prises nature has in store to reward his
efforts. If this wild fruit can usefully he
modified in the lifetime of one individual,
Mr. Burbank’s skill, enthusiasm and ex¬
perience may be counted on to accomplish
it. We can well believe that he has al¬
ready created by selection alone a most
charming and interesting ornamental.
This Holly-leaved cherry is a close relative
to the European evergreen Cherry laurel,
Prunus Laurocerasus and the wild or
mock orange of the Southern States, P.
Caroliniana. Both have glossy ornament¬
al evergreen foliage, small white blooms
and black, inedible fruits. w. v. f.

A CREAMY FOOD

Scott’s Emulsion is cod
liver oil prepared as a food —
not a food like bread or meat,
but more like cream; in fact,
it is the cream of cod liver
oil. At the same time it is a
blood-maker, a nerve tonic
and a flesh-builder. But
principally it is food for tired
and weak digestions, for all
who are fat-starved and thin.

It is pleasant to take ; children
like it and ask for more.

We’ll send you a sample, free
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Prevent the Blight

and the bugs. For $1
per acre you can in-
/*■ 4 sure a full potato
'Jz'f crop of 400 bushels an
& A acre when you might
V? A have nothing. The

f/ SPRAMOTOR

'j does this and the proof
is positive.

Sl’ltAMOTOlt CO.,
Buffalo, N.Y., London. Can.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup.
Use in time. Sold

Tastes Good,
by druggists.

CQNSUMPTIOTnI

Arc You Happy

after shaving? Is it easy
and pleasant? It de¬
pends on whether you use

WILLIAMS’ lH3vANS

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly."

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers In our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully Illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

MADE 51725 T

in spare time and home coun¬
ty. You may do as well.

Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

with new spring shut-off. Catch a
good thing quick. Write for free
. sample plan and full particulars

Rochester Spray Pump Co.. 16 East Ate. .Rochester, N.Y.

—THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze bull
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pump right or lelt hand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprayer combined.
W t make 20 styles sprayers. Write for Catalog.

THE DEMING CO., Salem, O.

Henion & Ilubbel), Weat’n Apts., Chicago.

with EMPIRE

tbc ftfl&Sf*

or GARFIELD KNAPSACK
PERFECT AGITATORS. No scorching foliage.
No leather nor rubber valves. All styles of Spray
Pumps. Valuable book of instructions free.
FIELD FORCE ITMI* CO., 2 11th St., Elmira, N. Y.

Hardie Spray Pumps

Make perfect Fruit

Ton don’t have to take onr word
for it, road what The French Nursery
of Clyde, ()., says about their HAltDIE
SPRAY PUMP:

“The spraying outfit wo purchased of you
has given the very best satisfaction. Any-
ono in neod of a spray pump makes no mistake
when they buy the Hardio,v

The French Nursery, Clyde, Ohio.
Rend today for our free hook on Npray.
Ing, complete formulas and valuable intor- J
mat ion on howto make your orchard pay.
IiOOK-11 AKDIF CO., Hudson, Mich.

Ill Mechanic St.

ORR1V for scale wilh the WALLACE
■ ^FRAYERH. No expense for power
wl ■ Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, Ill.

stillleads all others. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crass Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop¬
per for Crain. Sows 20 to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

GOOD POTATOES
BRING FANCY PRICES

To grow a large crop of good potatoes, the
soil must contain plenty of Potash.

Tomatoes, melons, cabbage, turnips, lettuce
—in fact, all vegetables remove large quanti¬
ties of Potash from the soil. Supply

Potash

liberally by the use of fertilizers containing
not less than 10 per cent, actual Potash.

Better and more profitable yields are sure to
follow.

Our pamphlets are not advertising circulars
booming special fertilizers, but contain valu¬
able information to farmers. Sent free for the
asking. Write now.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York.

HOWTO RID YOUR ORCHARD
OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

CONCENTRATED LIME-SULPHUR WASH

Dilute One Gallon of “CONSOL” with
Forty Gallons of Water. No Cook¬
ing. No Wasting of Material.

See IRON -CLAD GUARANTEE
in Our Booklets.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa FertiUzeras well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4. 50; half barrel,
170 lb., SHc per lb; barrel,425 lb.,3^c. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

ERODES DOUBLE OUT cuts from

PRUNING SHEAR KJ “ft*

not bruise
the bark.

We pay Ex¬
press charges
on all orders.

Write for
circular and
prices.

423 West Bridge St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

PAT.

RHODES MFC. CO.

GRASS SEEDERS ffi: Si

C Aa and up. Particulars and cuts free.
vVv. SEKDKR MFG. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich.

PROFIT

flRCHARD

B a - depends upon working all the
wM fruit into a salable
cider for f nstanee. If
pure it sells readily at a profit.
The best is produced by a

HYDRAULIC C,DPERBESS

Made in varying sizes, hand
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC,

38 Cortlandt St., New

POST’S'BWAP SPOUTS

GIVE

More Sap

every day
for

More Days and make
More Moneytfh°arn£ny

other, and there isa scientific
reason for ltexplained in our
FRH.B CATALOG or with
samples of each 0 cents. 800
delivered at any R. it. station.

THE AIR TRAP
_i£3 does it.

No. 1, Length, 3 \i in.
Genuine baa signature

on each label.

No. 2 length, 3)4 lui.
No. 1 .$1.86
No. 2, »1.60
per 100.

AGENTS
WANTED.

C. C. 8TELLE, 75 Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

lon?>.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

I*' sum Notes. — The weather still holds
trood ;in<l outdoor work cun be done in com¬
fort ’ Emma lets (he liens run out every
idea sant day. and they are happy in the sun.
Last week she sold $3.40 worth of eggs. The
feed for this cost about 75 cents, but of
course I do not include the table scraps in
this With a larger flock tho cost, would be

greater _ and so would the income, because we

would have more comfortable quarters. The
old icehouse where the hens now stay has
few of the features which experienced hen
men say a henhouse ought to have. It is
too high, so that the hens must heat double
the area which is needed. There are only
(wo small windows on the south side, and
practically no sun at any other side. The
hen men tell us to have the roosts down low,
but Emma saw that (he hens wanted to get
up high, so she had roosts put up near tfie
top several very plausible rules have been
knocked over in this way, yet still the hens
shell out eggs enough to pay more profit than
anv birds we ever had before on the farm.
What is a fellow to do under such circum¬
stances but to continue to respect his rules
but. still have greater respect for the hens?
I think highly of the White Wyandottes, but
it seems to upset another rule when a small
White Leghorn lays an egg 40 per cent larger
(han one from a big Wyandotte. You begin
to ask what tnat Wyandotte does with the
balance of her food. You get your answer
when you farve one ! . . . The Winter
season *is bad for some persons and families.
Life becomes stagnant and dull. Selfishness
gets at work like the San Josfi scale. This
insect puts a hard shell over itself, and under¬
neath that goes boring and sucking away at
the life of the tree. That’s the way with
these selfish people and unhappy quitters.
They build a shell of temper or ugliness
around themselves, and go on boring all
through the Winter into the heart of the
tiome. I thought of this the other night
when starting my open fire. A lot of little
twigs were at the bottom. They were not
very dry. I put some shavings beneath and
started them. They gave a bright blaze while
they lasted, and some of the twigs caught.
When the blaze died out these twigs lingered
along in a half-hearted way. tine by one they
went out as though they said :

“What is tne use of my trying to keep
bright ; I never can start this big tire !”

One by one they quit until only a small
piece of an old shingle at the bottom was left
living. I was interested in watching it. The
blaze kept bravely on. Twice it sputtered,
and I thought it had gone, but still the little
blaze crept on to a place where two other
splinters crossed it. Sometimes in solitude
we come to hear these lifeless things talk.
This is what the splinter said:

“I don’t amount to much. I served my pur¬
pose on the roof as a shingle, and I ain en¬
titled to a vacation. It seems to me, though,
that this blaze came to me for a purpose.
Something useful is expected of me. Others
have quit, but I shall try to carry this blaze
until I can touch my brothers here. Together
we may do something.”

So the blaze kept crawling along the will¬
ing stick. When ii reached the other splinters
1 thought it was all over, but. presently a lit¬
tle tongue of flame crept up, larger and larger,
until all were afire. Then the blaze spread.
Some of the other sticks that quit before
seemed ashamed of themselves, and took heart
and fire again. You know how such things
spread. In a few minutes the whole mass
was ablaze; the room was full of genial heat
and light, and the chairs which I had pulled
up to show where the Madame and the chil¬
dren would be could they be here were shin¬
ing. Now, members of a farm family are
like those sticks. Some quit when the dark,
dull days come. The light goes out of them
like the blaze on those twigs. Others hang
on cheerful and bright, and do their best to
light up the home. You see the point without
another word. Now, my friend, are you a
human San Jose scale or a human lamp
lighter?

A Wildcat. — -The little boys in Florida
have strange tales to tell about a wildcat
which was seen not far from the farm. We
have some cats at. Hope Farm, which I wish
were wild enough to take to the woods or
barn, but i never expected that a wildcat
would be the means of sending me a gooti let¬
ter. One of our readers at a place named
Whiskey Mountain writes among other things:

“As I got chawed up by a wildcat and
can’t do anything. I will write you. I like
The R. N.-Y. I have read it for lo, these
many Summers and Winters. I like that
Hope Farm galoot. I believe he was a good
square feller before he tuk to politiks. Poli-
tiks is the bane of the Southerner. Every man
that can sign his name is a candidate, and
sometimes one makes his anouncement over
his X. I have ploud both the land and the
sea for bread. I like the land the best. I
like to see things grow. I am running a
llope-less farm down here on top of a moun¬
tain. I am giving a kind of a circus pre-
formance. I am riding a half dozen hobbies
at once.”

It is something of a compliment, this turn¬
ing to the Hope Farm man after an encounter
with a wildcat. Our friend doesn't say what
he did to the cat. but he does add that if any¬
one wants a wildcat for mounting “he might
have luck by addressing” him. I judge, there¬
fore, that the cat will never “chaw” another
reader of The U. N.-Y. If anyone wants this
dead cat so as to give it a tenth life I will
tell where to get it.

On looking the word up in the dictionary
I find that “galoot” means “a raw recruit.”
That hits me. as 1 have never pretended to be
very well done. As for getting “into politics,’

I don’t know about that. I ran for office
once and got about 300 votes out of some
13,000 that were cast. I didn’t feel that 1
got in very deep — in fact, it looked as if I
was getting, out pretty fast. 1 prefer plowing
the land to plowing the sea. though on some
of my land a good mulch beats the plow. As
for ii Hope-less farm, now that there is one
less wildcat, I hope our friend will lessen
those hobbies, get on the best one, and head it
toward Hope.

Takixo a (’iiir.D. — I have had quite a num¬
ber of letters like the following, but have
hesitated to discuss them publicly :

“My wife and I wish to adopt a child in
New York, and would like to make necessary
arrangements this Winter. We do not know
where institutions which furnish such chil¬
dren can be found.”

I once talked about, this matter before a
gathering of farmers. A man came to me
later and said about this:

“My wife and I have no children, and we
have often talked of taking one. If some one
would leave a little child at our door some

night we would not send it away, but we do
not quite like to go out and get one !’’

I think there are many who feel that way
about it. Many of us will assume an obliga¬
tion when it. is put upon us, but we do not
quite like to run down the road and hold an
obligation up. One of our little boys came to
us from an institution of which Rev. M. T.
Lamb, of Trenton, N. .1., is president. If I
were taking a child to bring up 1 would get
it as young as possible — an orphan by pref¬
erence. I would ask as little as need be about
its parents and keep away from its relatives.
The advantage of this is that the child will
have few if any acquired bad habits. Habits
that are inherited are bad enough, but when
you add to them the tricks which a child
may learn in an institution you have a hard
battle on hand. The little thing, too, is more
likely to grow up to be closer to you, because
it will never have any memory of another
home. An older child will remember other
places where it has lived. This taking of the
little child means great care and responsi¬
bility, and often the baby develops in a way
you do not like. It may turn out dull or
unattractive, and you will think that if you
had taken an older child you might at least
have found one bright ana handsome !

This leads me to speak of the motives for
taking such a child. Why do you want to
do it?

Do you want a mere pet or toy?

In that case far better buy a toy bulldog.

Do you want a large child to do your work?

The chances are that your plan will fail.
The child will see through your motive.

Have you an only child, and want a com¬
panion for it, or have you lost a child and
want to patch over the hole in your heart?

These are worthy motives, and you should
select a little one with great care.

Do you want to do something for God and
humanity? Take a little life that has fallen
upon stony ground and try to save it with
your best love and care. Do you want to cor¬
rect. some of the mistakes of your own life by
trying to make a good citizen out of a waif?

In that case you have the only motive that
should prompt the average man or woman to
“take a child to bring up.” Unless something
of that feeling prompts the act no full bless¬
ing can go with it. There is a man in West
Virginia who has taken 37 such children and
brought them up during a long and useful
life. A man in Indiana that I heard from
had nine such waifs at one time. It is a
noble work, a great responsibility and a great
care.

Florida. — Charlie reports progress on the
little farm. It is working into shape slowly,
and potato planting has begun. One has to
lie careful of the ditches in that country.
Should the season be extra wet the drains
must be clear and ready for rapid work, or
the seed will rot. There are no bugs to fight
—that is one good thing. The mercury has
been hovering around 30 degrees several times,
but thus far no damage has been done. If
frost lets them alone the whole of northern
Florida will start up in value, to go down
again later — for orange culture there is only
a gamble at best.

I have received no end of letters from peo¬
ple who lived in Florida for a time. You
should hear these people tell what the natives
ought to do, and how they ought to do it. If
we believe these wise men the average Florida
farmer does little else but neglect opportuni¬
ties and make mistakes. I am reading an in¬
teresting little book by Prof. D. G. Brinton,
in which he refers to an expedition which
came to Florida in 1527. Tho leader, Pam-
philo de Narvarez, was great on proclama¬
tions. He issued one to the Indians in which
he said :

“With the aid of God and my own sword I
shall march upon you ; with all means and
from all sides I shall war against you. I
shall seize you, your wives and your children;
I shall enslave you, shall sell you, or other¬
wise dispose of you as his majesty shall see
fit. Your property shall I take and destroy,
and every possible harm shall I work you
as refractory subjects.

Thus it seems that from the earliest times
the “Florida native” has had his duty pointed
out to him in no uncertain terms. I see a
number of practices in Florida which are
out of date in New Jersey, but I don’t feel
disposed to steal any wives or children if
people refuse to do my way. There surely
are undiscovered possibilities in the State, but
I will wait until I get some of them before
I talk about them. Deeds, not words, for the
tenderfoot ! H. w. C.

Red Chief

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SEND US
A COW,

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liide, Calf skin, Dog
skin, or any other kind
of hide or skin, and let
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on, soft, light, odorless
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But first get our Catalogue,
giving prices, and our shipping
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avoid mistakes. We also buy
raw furs and ginseng.

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Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

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ScliailDl© Mnfg. Co.

Dopartmoixt O

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Please send me information regarding an Endowment for $ .

issued to a man . years of age.

Name .

Address .

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FOUNDER

J.H.HYDE

VICE PRESIDENT

JW ALEXANDER

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your family, and. yourself,
are the greatest interests
of your life.

An adequate Endowment
policy in the Equitable will
provide for you if you live,
will protect your family, if
you die, and in either case
will provide for that mortgage
— — if there is one

February 4,

82

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Live Stock and Dairy

GOOD SHOWING FOR COSGROVE’S
HENS.

I have just been figuring up my poultry
account for 1904, and find that it turns out
better than I thought it was going to.
Commencing January 1 with 380 hens and
pullets and 37 males, the record is as fol¬
lows :

Total number of eggs laid.... 40,9(50

Cash received for eggs . .$1,072.9.")

Expressage on eggs . 49.10

Purchased eggs . 62.13

Paid for grain.

$9(51.72

532.57

Net cash for eggs . $429.15

Poultry sold, broilers and hens 147.10

Actual cash profit . $576.25

increase of flock, 134 head

(<j 05 . 87.10

Total profit . $603.35

1 sold all the cockerels but a few for
breeders and sold fat liens to my neigh¬
bors, as often called for during the Sum¬
mer, besides all we wanted for our own
family, so that the number was being con¬
stantly reduced all the time. Consequently
it is impossible to say exactly how many
hens produced the above results. In No¬
vember about 100 old hens were sent to
market, and in the latter part of Summer, as
they finished laying and wanted to sit, they
were shipped a\yay. Estimating therefore
that there were on an average 330 during
the year, and dividing the total profit,
$663.35, hy that number, gives a net profit
of a little over $2 pe'r hen. Eggs were un¬
usually high all last year; the lowest price
I received was 21 cents, and the highest
45 cents per dozen, averaging about 27
cents for the year. In my account this
year I have made no entry of the value ot
the manure, letting that offset repairs and
depreciation of plant. The increase of
flock — 134 head — I have put in at much
less than their value; they might reason¬
ably he entered at $1 per head, but to make
the total as conservative as possible I have
put them in at what they bring sold alive
in the market. This is not an extraor¬
dinary record ; I have -beaten it myself in
former years, but considering that my
fowls have doubled the usual estimate of
profit per fowl, viz., “$1 per head per year,’'

I think I have reason to be satisfied with
the showing. Except when raising little
chicks the labor time does not exceed three
hours per dav, the work is light and easy,
and so far as I have seen the profit far
exceeds that from pigs, cows or any other
farm stock in which an equal amount of
labor and capital might be invested. I re¬
member in 1898 with what pride I showed
“the Madame” that we had made a hun¬
dred dollars on our hens, and as we have
increased it every year and I have the fig¬
ures before me, I will transcribe them :

Profit In 1898 . $100.02

Profit in 1899 . 120.(4

Profit in 1900 . 290.14

Profit in 1901 . 320-81

Profit in 1902 . 350.49

Profit in 1903 . 420.08

Profit in 1904 . 0(53.35

With 134 more fowls than ever before 7
wonder if I can add $243 to that last rec¬
ord next year? g. a. cosgrove.

ARE THE HENS TOO WARM?

Is it not possible to have the henhouse
too warm and close for the larger heavy-
coated breeds? I have two henhouses;
one is 9 x 12 feet, one small window and
door, with single siding. I he other is a
new house, twice as warm as the other,
with five times as much glass; both on
southeast side of barn. 1 have in each
house 30 hens and pullets; about half hens
from one to three years old and half pul¬
lets ; same number of each in each house.
All are purebred Black Langshans. When
I feed them mornings I open the door oi
the old house with one window and let
them go out if they choose to. In the
other house, which is 12 x 12 feet, and
plenty of glass, I keep them shut up un¬
less it is a very nice warm day ; then I
let them out a little while. The hens in
both houses are fed exactly the same. I
am getting twice the eggs from the old

$5 per 12

DEATH TO LICE

90

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. GO p. book. 10c.
Kates free. J. A. KKUGEY. Box 8,Telford.Pa,

nnrn COD CCHQ -Our Barred Rocks lay 250 to
DnCU rUii CUUOi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods In Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GKUNDY. Morrisonville, 111

FOB HATCHING. Booking orders
t U d O from best pens— White Wyandottes,
White and Barred Plymouth Kocks, Single-Comb
White and Brown .Leghorns. No one has better
stock. Price $1.50 per selling of 15.

LOCUST FARM, Eatontown. N. J.

BARRED ROCK COCKERELS,

$3.00 each.

Good ones, $1.50 to
J. W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

niriT n (ICC PERCHEKON ANT) FRENCH
H H II la \\ Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
HlUll vL.Tl.vJvJ pUp§_ K. S. AKIN, Auburn. N. Y.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and .JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains Address,
MAKER’S JACK FARM,

Mox 1, Lawrence, In<l.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lotol Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy, Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

J.E E. WRIGHT,
Junction City. Kentucky.

cold house as I am from the new. Can
anyone tell me why it is?

I will cite another instance: I have a
neighbor who built a new house last Fall,
about 15 x 35 feet, with partition through
the middle, making two nice rooms, front¬
ing the south, more than half glass, with
drop doors to cover glass at night ; warm
enough inside when sun shines to live in
without fire. He has about 80 hens and
pullets, and about one egg a day. I know
of another man who keeps about 70 liens ;
lias house so warm it takes nearly zero
weather to freeze water in it. He gets
from one to four eggs per day. I could j
quote others in same ratio. My houses
are not warm, and 1 have had. since the
first day of December up to January
13, 823 eggs. 1 do not consider this any¬
thing extra from 60 hens, but it is far
ahead of what my neighbors are getting
from their warm houses. My own experi¬
ence goes to show that it is not from the
warmest houses we get the greatest num¬
ber of eggs, for I am getting twice the
number from the coldest house with the
same care and feed. geo. a. perkins.

Ulster Co.. N. Y.

DR. DAVID ROBERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to readers
of this paper.

Is your herd on a paying basis ? If not,
read my booklet and learn wily not.

Hundreds of dollars can be saved and made
every year by keeping cattle in a strong,
healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers your whole
herd.

I have made a specialty of all diseases of
cattle and have written booklets that will en¬
able you to prevent and cure any of the fol¬
lowing ailments.

No. 1. Booklet— Abortion in Cows.

No. 2. Booklet— Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet — Retained Afterbirth.

No . 4 . Book lot— Scou rs i n ( 5a 1 ves.

Also I How to make your OWN

No. 5. Booklet— / STOCK FOOD at home.

These books are free. Write for them.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

415 Grand Ave., Waukesha, W5s. 1

The “ GUARANTEED
TO HATCH” kind.
From Highest Quality
Exhibition Matings.

. _ From Matings with
8*2 nar 12 Kecord for Great Egg
|ACI Production.

Our Exhibition Quality Eggs have, for years,
produced the winners at the largest shows.

White Leghorns, White Wyandottes, White
Rocks, Itarred Rocks, lllack Mlnorcas, Light
Brahmas.

ELM POULTRY YARDS

Box Y Hartford, Conn.

SQUABS PAY HENS

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston. Mass.

i on HENS and CHICKS,
... _ _ 64-page book FREE.

D. J. LAMBERT. Box 307, Apponaug, R. I.

STAR FARM H0LSTEINS

Largest and Best Herd in the World

250

HEAD TO SELECT FROM

Nothing Reserved

250

The herd contains Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline
Count, No. 29642. dam Aaggie Cornucopia Paul¬
ine, No. 48426, the present champion butter cow
of the world, A. R. O. seven day record 34 31 lbs.

Second service bull Mercedes Julip’s Pietertje’s
Paul, No. 29830, dam Mercedes Julip’s PUtertje,
No. 39480, the 1900 world’s champion butter cow,
A. R. O. seven day record 29.57 lbs.

These two greatest bulls in the world 1 ave been
maied with A. R. O. cows, and daughters, includ¬
ing

Joe Uaeh Josephine, A.R.O.

record, seven days, ‘43 lbs., 8 oz.

Countess Dorimla DeKol, A.R.O.

record, seven days, 20 lbs., 3 oz.

Scotia 4th, A.R.O. record, seven

days, 20 lbs., 3 oz.

Netherland Fancy Rosetta,

A.R.O. record, seven days, 20 lbs., 8 oz.
Inka Palawan (3 yr. old), A.R.O.

record, seven days, 19.21 lbs.

Netherland Van Friesland Pi -
terlje, A.R.O. record seven
days, 19.12 lbs.

Johanna Wit Duchess, dam’s
test, A.R.O. record, seven
days, 24.14 lbs.

America Jennie Mercedes,
dam’s test, A.R.O. record,
seven days. 20.11 lbs.]

Mina Ophelia (4 yr. old), A.R.O.

record, seven days, 19.1 lbs.

and a barn full of other most notable cows.
Actual sales since October 1st, 1904, over $7,000.

Mail orders a specialty. Highest, testimonials.
You can save money by buying at Star * arm.
Circulars sent on application.

HOKACK L. BRONssON.Dept. D., Cortland, N. Y.

For Quick Returns— MONEY— try a pair of

JERSEY RED PICS
or a SOW BRED.

Free booklet explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

Springbank Berkshires.

1 have some grand 11 months old Service Boars
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All first
class individuals. , , , _

J. E. W .VI SON. Proprietor. Marbledale, Conn.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING 'at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM. Gettysburg, Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. UepreseDtatives of the bes; English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBKOOK FARMS, Bernards? tile. N. ,T.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

sssssssky 8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin.

service Boars, Bred sows. Write for
prices and description. Return if not

_ m- satisfactory; wo refund the money.

HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

OLlCeUlDC D|PQ FOR SALE - From First-Prize
UllLonint I I Uu Herd at St. Louis Exposition
and New York State Fair. S. G. OTIS, Sherwood ,N Y.

U ^ « U I O PQ-Tounf! Boars,
SS ^9 I I I l\ EL Sows and 3-month
Pics of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S HILL. Freevi lie, N. V.

Sir

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
Bower80x,K.3; Bradford, Dk. 0o,0

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for 1 am in posi¬
tion to fill your order with up-to-date breeding;
order a Sow' bred at once for Spring furrowing.

JACOB B. MILLER. Biadford, Ohio.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES 53JTSSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported- stock lor sale.
MEADOW BKOOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains.

large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalla.N.

Y.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Kgg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers'
Frices. R. li. PUSEY, Princess Anile, Md

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New' York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BKOS., R. D. 41. Weedsport, N. Y.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Kocks, Wyandottes. Legln rns,
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs.’ sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J .

LIGHT Brahmas, Burred Plymouth Rocks,
White Plymouth Rocks of Best and Purest
stock. A limited number of each For Sale.

J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

SPECIAL BARGAINS,

If ordered at once. In Cockerels, Pullets and
Hens We have s. C. and K C. Brown. Bf. and White
Leg. White, Bf. A Bid. P. KOcks, White. Bf. Silver &
Gold Wynd., Buff Orpingtons, «. I. Reds. Mlnorcas,
Brahmas, Cochins, PitGames, and all other breeds.
MT. BLANCO POULTRY F ARM, Carpenter, Ohio.

300 SNOW WHITE PEKIN DUCKS

For breeding. April hatched. $1.50 to $2 50 each.
Egg orders booked at $1.15 for 11, $8.00 per
hundred.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N, Y.

Breeders’ Directory

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden- Stream 8th
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bud
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im ¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINOKCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

Correspondence solicited.

GEI1NEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

DELAWARE HERD

Aberdeen-Angus

Herd headed by Prince Barbara, a son of the
Imported $9,100 Highland Champion Bull Prince Ito.
All leading families represented. Males and Females
for sale at business prices, that cannot be duplicated
anywhere in the East, some of them sired by such
noted bulls as Prince Ito and Elflock.

MYER & SON, BrLlgeville, Del.

Holsiein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and 8tr Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Hifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMINQDALE HERD OF

H OLSTEIN-FRI ESI ANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 145 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices t hat will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MABCOU.

Holstein bull calves, scotch collies, spayed
Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A

_ _ few choice young Cows;

improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. KECORD, Peterboro, N. Y.

COD OAI C— Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
lUn CALL Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

WHITE SERIAICS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THU GREAT OF PAXTAN J,
No. 6:146 and BLU 81 BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in ono j ear. Azalia of Klorham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. oi butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale ;,t all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 3
first. an<l second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information anu catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.
Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.
Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from #100 to #300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEYS

High Class Cows and Bulls

Cows in calf to Prince Rosendale. 1st prize aged
bull, at two Worlds’ Fairs, and sire of nearly as
many winners at St. Louis as all the other bulls
combined. Send for descriptive circular. Anyone
can afford my prices. CLAYTON C. TAYLOR.

Lawton Station, N. Y.

Guernsey Cattle — Two registered Guernsey Bulls,
one 2 yis. old. other 2 mos. old. Extra individ¬
uals, backed by best of breeding. Write for prices
and pedigree. TH E LINDHUKST FARM, Bolivar, O.

tt

QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; readv for service; at farmer’sprice.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

PpH Pnllpd Cattle— Young Bulls For Sale. For
I\CU lUUCU particulars address
DR. D. F. BAKER, 484 The Arcade. Cleveland, O.

Holstein-Friesian Bull $69

BERYL WAYNE’S SON No. 3, Born February 20, 1904.

Sired by Beryl Wayne's Son. whose dam has an official record of 27% pounds, and his sire’s two nearest
pams, official seven day butter records averaging over 24 pounds each, This Bull is a fine one, and is
certainly a rare bargain at the price we name. The first order at #69 takes him.

BROOKSIDE HERD. Toe Stevens Brotliers-Hastlngs Company, Laeona, New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Butteu is up two to three cents, except
storage creamery, which is practically un¬
changed. The quantity of prime fresh goods
on the way is only moderate. The price of
milk remains one-half cent per quart above
last year's figures, and this reduces the but¬
ter output in some of the territory within
milk shipping distance of New York. The
market on factory and packing stock is firm.

Egos. — Since last week's report a drop of
four cents on nearly all grades is noted, and
still further declines have been checked by
shippers putting a price limit on the stock-
unsold or on the way. This steadies the mar¬
ket for a time, but practically everything de¬
pends on the weather in the largest producing
sections. If favorable for production another
drop of five cents or more may be expected
within a week or two.

A Fine Point Settled. — One of the ques¬
tions with which the Board of Appraisers and
T'nited States Circuit Court of Appeals have
been wrestling related to the exact tariff
status of the little spheres actively used in
that exerciser of intellectual fiber, the game
of ping pong. The importers of these little
balls attempted to bring them in as toys, sub¬
ject. to 35 per cent duty, hut the collector
of customs assessed them as manufactures
of pyroxylin, at more than double this
amount. On protest the general appraisers
sustained the claim of the firm. The Treas¬
ury Department then took the case to the Cir¬
cuit Court of Appeals, which has decided that
ping pong bails are not toys, hut are subject
to the higher duty. The court’s decision in
part is as follows:

"We cannot close our eyes to the fact that
the game of ping pong is ordinarily played on
a table which is of such a height that it
would he difficult for children td play the
game; that it is a game indulged in by adults,
and one which requires a degree of skill not
ordinarily possessed by children, and that
ping pong balls are sold in stores where ath¬
letic goods, such as footballs and baseballs,
tennis and golf halls, are sold. The fact that
small boys indulge in games of baseball and
football does not serve to bring the balls
within the category of toys.”

Wool. — Boston, which is the great wool
market for this country, is having a brisk
trade, running toward 2,500,000 pounds a
week, hut prices are held at a little above the
mark at which the manufacturing trade is
willing to stock up heavily. Dealers have
hoped to run prices up still higher, but it now
seems that the top has been reached. Some
of the figures current at present are: Scoured,
58 to 70 cents ; Texas and Wyoming, not
cleaned, 21 ; Ohio unwashed delaine, 28 to 20 ;
washed, 37 to .'IS; South American one-fourth
bipod, 55 ; carpet wools, from 20 to 32. Trade
at the London auctions continues good, Amer¬
icans taking considerable fine greasy merino
and bright crossbreds at prices considered
high. Following is the range of recent sales:
New Zealand, greasy, 12 to 20 cents; Queens¬
land, scoured, 20 to 47 ; Cape of (lood Hope,
scoured, 17 to 37. Shearing in Arizona and
other portions of the Southwest will com¬
mence very soon. Buyers are already on hand
and a large part of the clip will be taken at
once.

Apples. — Interest in the apple market is
Increasing and many people are wondering
when the expected rise in price, for which sq
much fruit has been held, will take place.
Dealers are giving out statements of the quan¬
tity now in storage, well calculated to frighten
growers who have not sold into disposing of
their stock at once, particularly those held in
common cellars, where the fruit is soon likely
to lose firmness. One authoritv says that the
quantity still held is nearly 4,000,000 barrels,
two-fifths in common storage and three-fifths
in cold houses, a discouraging outlook if this
estimate is to be taken at all seriously. Week
after week one fact is strongly emphasized in
this market, viz., that too many medium and
low grade apples have been held. The offer¬
ings have constantly been peppered with fruit
of this character, which ought to have been
disposed of in some way last Fall. So many
good apples are grown in this country every
year that the time when much stock below
"medium can safely be held has passed. Im¬
proved methods of dairying have increased
the percentage of prime butter and put poor
at a discount, and the same is true of horti¬
cultural methods which have turned out. large
quantities of apples free from worms, scab
and other defects. A fallacy which seems to
he widely believed is that quality in com¬
mercial apples is of little account compared
with looks. I recently heard a man say in a
large horticultural meeting that it "doesn’t
make any difference what the quality is for
city markets so long as the apples look fine.”
It is true that a good many gold-brick apples
have been sold here, but the people who buy
them make their opinions known, and do not
buy the same again. For three years I
have noticed a steady decrease in re¬
tail offerings of high colored but poor varie¬
ties, and at present but few are to he seen in
the retail stores compared with a few years
ago. They are slowly being weeded out. and
those who plant with the idea that quality-
does not. count are likely to lie disappointed.

Railroad Matters.- — Numerous bills for the
“regulation" of railroad rates, etc., are sprout¬
ing up in Congress. The time when easy reg¬
ulating can be done has long since passed, be¬
cause from a physical standpoint it is easier
to thrash a small boy than a big one. It
has often been noted, particularly in com¬
mercial affairs, that the more controlling
power a man gets the bigger hog he becomes,
and the more numerous his business connec¬
tions the greater the field for the operation
of his greed. This explains why the indi¬
vidual Tom. Dick and Harry, here and there,
can he a very mean man without creating any
widespread complaint, while everyone wishes
to put the screws on a transportation com¬
pany that indulges in the same practices, thus
apparently establishing a higher standard of
business integrity for corporations than for
individuals, which, from the viewpoint of
their wider power for help or harm to the
whole country, and the special charter privi¬
leges granted them, is just. Most of the leg¬
islation thus far proposed is so loaded down
with red-tapism that little help can lie ex¬
pected unless pruned and amended so as to

hit the point without an endless system of
referring the questions from one commission
to another and thus dodging the whole issue.
A few of the difficulties in the way of dealing
with railroads as a whole are: Difference in
cost of building and repairs, owing to char¬
acter of soil, grades, weather conditions,
etc.: difference in operating expenses; con¬
venience of terminals, and the ups and downs
in tlie history of the roads caused by good
or bad management. These and many other
considerations, understood best by railroad
men, are some matters that rate-adjusting
commissions will have to struggle with in
order to accomplish anything useful to the
public within constitutional limits. Merely
playing tag around these questions will hasten
more radical measures of Government control.

w. w. II.

Salting Cattle.- When feeding salt to
the cattle sprinkle some on ton of the head
and neck, and see if the habit of gentleness
and cleaning each other does not grow fast
while the practice is kept up, especially with
the hornless ones. f. d. ii.

Mixed Fodder. — A few years ago when
we tried Winter rye, oats and peas. Japanese
millet and green cornstalks we found that
there would be weeks between finishing up
the cutting of one kind before another would
be ready. We also found that daily cutting
of them interfered with our other work, and
there was so much waste of time in the
changing over, first to cut the feed, then
to stop the work of one of the teams to
haul to the barn, that we concluded it was
better to feed dry hay from the barn, even
if results were not quite as good.

Maine. .r. henry rines.

An Unpractical Mixture. — It seems to me
you are printing something very unpractical
in that recipe of I’rof. Hayward's, of Penn¬
sylvania State College, for raising calves
without milk. I hunted around considerable
to find some of the ingredients, and finally
got a large drug firm to hunt over New York
City and find that nutrium would cost about
10 cents per pound in quantities, while co-
coanut meal could not be found in New York.

I was referred for that to a large Phila¬
delphia firm that manufactures it. You see
that for a small number of animals it would
cost more than they are worth, unless they
are registered stock. I was quite anxious
to find a cheap means of raising one calf
without milk. f. m.

Plainfield, N. .T.

When you write advertisers mention Tiie
Ii. N.-Y. an'd you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

Actual Test

has established the fact that the NEW
DEERE No. 9 Edge Drop Corn Plant¬
er has the most perfect dropping ar- j
rangement and drill attachment on the
market.

This is a corn planter that counts

and does it a.ccura.tely— 92 to 98 per- |
cent being its average in hundreds of
careful tests. A planter that has the
slightest tendency to uncertainty may
mean a big loss on the crop as a whole.
The extra 10 or 15 bushels per acre
secured with the DEERE is all extra
profit. Besides, the cost of cultivation
is no greater with a perfect stand than
with half a stand.

The NEW DEERE has a system of
valves that is simple in construction,
efficient in action. No stringing of |
the hills with these valves. The change
from hilling to drilling or vice versa is
insta.ntly made. No switching of the
valves.

There are many other valuable I
features which combine to make this ]
the ideal planter. Write for catalogue
or call on your dealer for further in- |
formation. Reputable dealers every¬
where handle our goods.

FREE
BOOK,

This book is meeting with great favor I
among the farmers. It contains valu- 1
able information on gathering, select- !
ing, and preparing seed corn, and by
carefully following its suggestions, the !
corn grower, will increase the yield
from ten to fifty per cent on the same
axreage. Just a postal brings it. Men- |
tion this paper. Address

“MORE CORN.”

DEERE &
Mansur Co.,

Moline. Ill.

USB

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.'

Have conical shaped grinders. Different j
f rom all others. Handiest to operate and '

* LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 hIzom — 2 to 25 horse power. One style for j
wind wheel use. (Also make 8 weep
OrinderH— Oeared uiid Plain.)

P. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

Average
Yield 125
Bus. per Acre
for 10
Years

LONG’S CHAMPION
YELLOW DENT CORN

remark able com, now offered for pale for the firpt time,
ip tne result of 25 years’ careful selection and breeding. I
produced at the rate of 1)50 bushels to the acre, and my average
this year on 84 acres is better than 125 bushels per acre. All my
seed is personally selected at husking time and is given special
attention in curing and drying. Only a limited
quantity has been selected for seed, and* will be sold
only by the originator, and Peter Henderson & Co.,
35 Cortlandt St.. N. Y. City. "Will be sold with the
small ends taken off, band-shelled and every ear
inspected . Price $ 8.00 per bushel. Not less than one
bushel will be sold. ^All ordeTs should be forwarded
before March 15th. In Lebanon valley, Pa., this
corn has never failed to mature by September 20th.

Sit is a very rank trrower, and for silage will mature
anywhere.

T also have a limited quantity of Long’s White Tartar Oats, Imported and grown by me.
I consider them superior in yield and in every other respect to any other oats in the United
States. This seed is also carefully selected.

I. S. LONG,

RICHLAND, LEBANON CO., PA.

OR 102 WARREN ST., NEW YORK.

Farmer’s Favorite
Feed Cooker

Is the model for cooking feed
and best adapted to water heat¬
ing, soap, apple butter and
sugar making, etc. — a score of
uses. It’s made to last. Weight
greater than any orher cooker
of same low price. Write to¬
day for circular. Sent free on request.
L. R. Lewis, i 2 Main St. Cortland, N.Y,

4

s

FULL SIZE

$1.75 VALUE _

Where we have no agent we willsendfree- $1 00
Box of Wilbur's Stock Food, 25cpackage of Wil¬
bur’s Hog Food, 25c package of Wilbur's Poul¬
try Food, 25c package of Wilbur's Louse Killer.

AYe want resident ngent* in every locali¬
ty whore not already represented, and offer
you an unusual opportunity to make from
Twenty-Five to Fifty Diillars jl Week.

Wilbur Stock Food Co., Milwaukee, WIs.

Ask Publishers or your Banker of our responsibility .

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Mineral Heave Remedy Co

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures
ruse or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

'.,461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa

.DEATH TO HEAVES

NEWTON’S Heave, Coagb, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Caret

A veterinary specific for wind,
r .^^.throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

HAVE YOU A HORSE OR A COW?

To introduce our Plxine Vet. Kemedies, we will mail
our Valuable Book free. It tell all about lameness
and other horse and cattle ailments; how to detect,
locate and cure them. Write for it.

Fixiue Chemical Co., Vet. Dept. 29, Troy, N.Y.

Dana’s

SHEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

O. II. DANA, 74 Main Nt., West Lebanon, N. K.

DEHORNING STOPS LOSS

Cattle with horns are dangerous
and a constant menace to persons
and other cattle. Dehorn them
quickly and with slight pain with a
KEYSTONE DEHORNER
All over in2m1nutes. Notaharsh
method. Leaves a clear, clean cut.
Cows give more milk; steers make
better beef. Send for free booklet.
M. T. Phillips, Box 78, Pomeroy, Pi.

c PAYS FOR

A Year’s Subscription

- TO THE -

Woman’s Journal.

A thoroughly unique monthly magazine,
devoted to the interests of the women of
today. It has the charm, the taste, the
refinement and the character that are
zealously sought and desired by cul¬
tured women. It touches the home, the
heart, the little things and the great
things of life. Mailed to you regularly
each month. Send stamps or coin.

THE WOMAN’S

424 Journal Bldg.,

JOURNAL,

Chicago, llllnola.

SMALL WIRE GAUGE

FROST*

BEST.

^CHEAPEST

and sample of the FROST NEW LOCK mailed free
on application. The Frost New Fence will wear
three times as long as woven wire fence. New de¬
scriptive circular.

THE FKOST W1KE FENCE CO..Cleveland, Ohio.

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade, Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls ;
Barb Wire, galvanized, 3c. per rod, in 80
and 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. Write your wants. Catalog free.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRJNER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. it. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville. Conn.

GRIND FINE OR COARSE

all feeds, ear com, with or with¬
out husks, all grains, with the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding

Ira i
PC

_ foi

They are the speediest, easiest
running, strongest and most du¬
rable mill made. Four sizes, any
ower. Now double cutters,
rorce feed, no choking. It is
true economy to buy a Kelly Mill.

THE 0. S. KELLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

,

TELEPHONES For Farmers.

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial. Send
postal for prices. STANDARD TELEPHONE &
ELECTRIC COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,

Eureka ROW Potato Planter

with or without Fer¬
tilizer attaonment.
We also make a
two row.

EUREKA
MOWER
Utica, N. ¥.

Easy for oue
horse, with or
without pole
or thills. The
Planter is
O. K. Send
for catalog.

TKWUJtmttS LRF RlitCLB CRtVI

CHARLES WARNER COMPANY*

Make Your Old

Over Hew

You can do it quickly and at small expenso with

Cleveland Buggy top

MADE TO ORDER— SOLD ON 30 DAYS TRIAL

We make all kinds of tops to measure and sell them direct
to user at factory prices, shipping by express, prepaying all
express charges, and allowing SO days free trial on tops.

Your money back if you want it at the end of the free trial period.
rpCC PAINT "ith the top we send free enough high-grade
* I1-- r Mill I carriago finishing paint— one or two colors— to
paint your entire buggy. This paint is free with the top. If you re¬
turn the buggy top after the free trial, we make you a present of the
paint without any cost to you. _ Isn’t that fair?

We manufacture and sell direct to user all kinds of buggy supplies
and repairs, including our famous Cleveland storm Front which is
the finest storm front ever made. Our free booklet tells all about our
tops, buggy supplies and storm front, together with giving full par¬
ticulars as to measurements, prices and free paint offer. You should _

get this booklet at once. You will be surprised to know how cheaply and how well you can refinish your

Top Company Catalog 46 THE UNITED FACTORIES CQ, Dept- *6, Cleveland, 0.

84

February 4,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

WHAT A SINGLE PIG DID.

Susan Brown Robbins’s pigs evidently
did not sour her temper, and if she could
only get the cash value of the innumerable
laughs her article must have occasioned
she would have no trouble about her ac¬
counts. The writer’s experience was
somewhat different. Having a large barn
on a slope facing north, the back is sunny
all day long, and there is a good dry cellar
with large hanging doors, each having a
window 5 x 3; a space 30 x 50 is fenced
in outside for a chicken yard. Owing to
illness, it was the last of June before I got
my first pig. He was from pure Chester
White dam by Berkshire boar. I paid
$4.50 for him. A neighbor was glad to
send in his swill daily, and we had a good
deal ourselves; then we had an overplus
of everything in the garden, and when
frost came a large lot of sweet corn was
spoiled for our use, but how he did enjoy
it ! Apples he had as many as he would
eat, both sweet and sour, cooked small po¬
tatoes, but very little grain. In fact, until
the last six weeks he had hardly any; then
he got four quarts bran and two of corn-
meal a day, with one feed of boiled pota¬
toes, and all the turnips and apples he
would eat. Until then he was free of the
hen yard, which he cultivated at least a
foot deep. He was killed December 17,
when cost account stood: Purchase price,
$4.50; 100 pounds bran, $1.25; 100 pounds
meal, $1.25; killing and cutting up, $1.50;
a total of $8.50. He dressed 172 pounds,
a cost under five cents per pound. If we
had tried to raise seven the story might
have been different. It is like keeping
hens; a person can keep six or eight fowls
at very small expense; the leavings of an
ordinary family will pay for more than
half their keep. george l. clark.

Massachusetts.

Experience from Virginia.

Years ago I was overstocked; had 15
pigs and put them in a pen 20 x 60 feet.
As soon as clover would do to cut I com¬
menced on that; during the season had
watermelons, muskmelons, cucumbers,
squashes and tomatoes unfit to ship; these
with cornstalks, weeds, in fact, every
refuse was thrown into the pen. In or¬
der to keep it in fair condition straw,
woods soil, etc., was added. Killing time
the pork at market price was worth $125.
After killing we threw the manure out on
to a pile. A neighbor offered $1015 for it,
which I declined, for it was worth more,
so in this case the manure was worth
about as much as the hogs. One hundred
dollars’ worth of manure on a poor farm
is an item not to be overlooked.

Suffolk, Va. b. B. n.

Penned Pigs That Paid.

Susan Brown Robbins’s ‘‘pig's tale’ em¬
phasizes two points in hog culture; never
try to make a profit out of inferior stock,
nor allow any kind of pigs, be they ever
so well bred, to have much range. A pig
of a low-down breed, or one well bred
that fails to show development early in life
is a poor investment, and would be better
got rid of as soon as possible. The first
loss is always the better. These long¬
snouted, long-legged, narrow-bodied pork¬
ers will generally eat their heads off twice
over before they attain 10 months of age.
As for allowing pigs much running
ground, I do not think any skilful pig
farmer would recommend it. I have tried
the experiment and am satisfied that the
less exercise a pig has the more rapidly he
will put on flesh, and the more tender his
meat will be. Even a short-snouted pig-
will develop it by constantly rooting, and
by the exertion in doing so will toughen
every fiber in his body. In the beginning
of April we bought five suckling pigs from
a neighbor. One parent was Poland China,
the other Chester White, neither entirely
pure. We kept them in the forepart of
their lives in a dark pen on a cement floor;
later on a flag-floored room with a small
walled-in yard deeply bedded with straw.
Their food was creamery slop largely di¬
luted with water. This slop costs us one-
eighth cent per gallon. To give it body
we had some inferior wheat ground, and
of this threw into their trough four or

five double handfuls on top of their slop,
twice a day. The hogs did the mixing.
Ground wheat or rich wheat middlings
along with skim-milk is an ideal pig feed.
After apples came they were given once a
day all they would eat. They were never
out of the pen till killed. When corn
husking came corn was their feed, and
slop their drink. The first two, dressed
early in November, weighed 261 and 281
pounds. The remainder, killed December
13, made the total weight of the five 1,407
pounds or an average of 281 pounds 'each,
the heaviest running the beam up to 317
pounds. This pork if sold would be worth
close to $100, but we had other use for it.
Other pig feeders around us do better than
the foregoing. I think we have done bet¬
ter ourselves, but are very well satisfied.
We have done infinitely worse, but are
learning and think others may, so we try
to give them encouragement.

Chester Co., Pa. wm. t. smedley.

WINTERING COWS ON HAY.

Regarding the dairy question on page 1,
my opinion is that cows in our cli¬
mate will come through the Winter
in good condition on hay, if not j
in milk. If they come to milk before
grass they must have grain or lose in flesh
and vitality. They should be fed what 1
they can eat without leaving any scatter¬
ings, plenty of good water and what salt
they want. They will then be in good
condition for the coming Summer. If ex¬
tra help is to be hired at present prices,
and no good market for butter or milk,

I would rather not milk them. This prob- J
lem each farmer must decide for himself
on the line of profit and loss. Cows can
surely be brought through on hay, but
vegetables once or twice a week would be
a great benefit. I cannot say about other
forms of sugar, not having used them.

I would like to ask if any dairyman has
noticed a taint in butter from cows that
have been fed grain during the Winter?
It usually occurs a few weeks after they
are turned on grass, sometimes before. I
think there is more milk in a ton of buck¬
wheat shorts than any other food I have
tried. Ground oats are good, but the but¬
ter is long in coming in our climate. Corn-
meal can be mixed with the oats in the
same proportion as for light horse feed, to
prevent this. If all feed has to be bought
wheat middlings are to be taken into con¬
sideration. I have never tried barley
sprouts. M. A. R.

Gabriels, N. Y.

EGGS KEEP IN WATER GLASS.

Our eggs were put iu water glass in July,
when they were bringing 2.5 cents per dozen
to private customers, and were used in Octo¬
ber and November, when first eggs were bring¬
ing 35 to 40 cents ner dozen : for omelets and
caues and custards they were as good as the
first ones. The pound package of water glass
that (he druggist charged me 40 cents for
covered 6 1/-> dozen eggs iu a stone crock. I
shall put up double the number this season.

Connecticut. d. f.

In 1903 we put up 200 dozen eggs in water
glass with complete success. The past season
we put up in April and May over 300 dozen.
We used them on our table all through July
and August, and in the family since Then up
to December 20 last, when we were tempted
by the prices to sell what we had lefi. With
the exception of possibly one dozen, all of the
eggs appeared to be as good as when put up.
\\ e laid them down iu earthen jars holding
10. 12 and 15 gallons, as most convenient
sizes. Some of the material thickened like
jelly, hut we could find no difference in the
eggs in the jars thus jellied. T n

Ohio.

j. w. G.

Here’s the Power

that’s simple and efficient and reliable. Not the
whimsical wind or the unreliable gas
engine. It’s steam and it’s

A Leffel Engine

After all others are tried out you come back to
steam for ensilage and feed cut¬
ting, sawing, grinding, etc. Leffel
is the line adapted to all
farm uses. Many
styles, horizon¬
tal and upright,
all of same ef¬
ficiency. Quick
steaming power
that's sure and
equal to every
duty. “Leffel
quality.” Write
for large free
catalogue.

The James
Leffel

& Co.,

Box 146,
Springfield, O

Known
Everywhere

Is accepted by all experienced horsemen, breeders and trainers as the only reli¬
able remedy for Spavins, Ringbones, Curbs, Splints and all forms of lameness. It
cures permanently and without scar.

Burgin, Ky., February 1, 1904.

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., Enosburg Falls. Vt.

Gentlemen:— I saw vour ad recently stating that you would give away a book, “A Treatise
on the Horse and his Diseases.” 1 would like to have your book very much, as I handle and
keep a good number of horses all the time. I hav. used your KENDALL’S SPAVIN CURE and
have had great auccess with it, having removed some bad Spavins of long standing that the
veterinary pronounced Incurable. Trusting I may receive your book soon, 1 am,

Respectfully yours, W. G. SMOCK.

Price $1 ; 6 for $5. As a liniment for family use it has no equal.

gist for KENDALL’S SPAVIN CURE, also “A Treatise on the
I Diseases.” The book free, or
address

Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.

Enosburg Falls, Vt.

Ask your drug-

Horse and his

“SAVE-THE-HORSE” Spavin Cure.

Registered Trade Mark.

TONTINE Stables. 360 8th Ave., New York, Nov. 20, 1904. I had a nine year old stal¬
lion lame over a year. He was not worth $10. I used your "Save-the-Horse” and he has gone
sound ever since. I have driven him twenty-five miles in one day and would not now take
$250 for the animal. WILLIAM MILLER.

"Save-the-Horse" Permanently Cures Spavin,
Ringbone (except low Ringbone) , Curb, Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendon* and all lamenesB, with¬
out scar or loss of hair. Horse may work as usual.

TROY CHEMICAL CO.f Binghamton, N. Y.
Formerly Troy, N. Y.

0 f A A Per Bottle, with Written
Guarantee— as binding tojpro-
■ ■■ tectyou as legal talent could
make it. Send for copy and booklet.

At Druggist* and Dealers or Express paid.

O u r latest pattern
Pitless Scale.
(Patents Pending.^

BRANCH, DAYTON, OHIO.

You Can Save From $30 to $50

... HY BUYING OUR...

“KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when it leaves our factory, with
the exception of lloor planks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

See Exhibit Pure Bred Live Stock Record Bldg., Chicago.

sap S m oesfl 1

EXAMINyHE^RAME

It controls the lifeof a Spreader. It must carry a heavy load on
rough and uneven ground and sustain the strain of all working ma¬
chinery. Perfect construction is necessary. The Standard frame has
heavy sills into which the cross sills are held by large tenons, and
joint bolts. Centre truss rods run fromend to end, and^telp support
strong centre sills. The; — i

STANDARD MANURE SPREADER

isthe only spreader having three shafts under frame at rear and
one in front extending entire width. These tie theframe, but their
most important duty is to give a wide bearing for all gears, prex ent-
ing the cramping and breakage that trouble other spreaders. Large
broad face aproD rollers securely pinned and screwed to sill, and two opron chains insure a free running a-
pron or bottom. Every part of machine Is designed for unusual strength and simplicity. Strongest wheels,
strongest t raced box; strongest beater connections. Non-breakable change of feed mechanism. Simplest
Spreader to operate. One lever start* entire machine. Endgato lift* easily because moves back from
load, then forms a Hood over beater. Insures even spreading. Spreads light and also the heaviest 5 to 3d
■ loads per acre. Rake prevents spreading in bunches. Apron returns automatically. nte for catalog. .

THE STANDARD HARROW CO., Dept. K UTICA, N. Y.

Makers of Harrows, Cultivators, Potato Harvesters, etc.

es

lar

>r5

The Separator News

Did you think all separators were
i alike— that any kind was good enough
I — that makers of bucket bowl separa¬
tors would tell you their machines are
poor? Some dairymen have thought
so— have dropped a bunch of money
that way. But you’ll not if you in¬
vestigate— read The Separator News—
learn that

Separators are Vastly Different

A cow’s leg and tail may look alike,
but they’re very different. One is good
for support— the other to swipe your
face in fly time.

SEPARATORS are just
as different. The
Separator Newstells
how, tells it plainly,
tells why Tubulars
are best, appeals to
j your judgment. Tu-
I bulars recover more
butter fat — skim
twice as clean by
official tests. It’sthe^
only simple bowls
separator. The Sep-’
arator News tells
about separators— is issued periodical¬
ly— subscription free. Write for it
and catalog No. C-153.

$r% Cream

Separator

FOR525.00 we sell the

I celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARATOR, capacity, 200
I pounds per hour; 350 pounds eu-
1 parity per hour for 529.00:
500 pounds capacity perTiour for
$34,00. Guaranteed the
equal ot Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
575.00 to $125.00.

OUR OFFER. yoVa Sepa¬
rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement if you
do not find by comparison,
test and use that it will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-halt' more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepaidforfrelght
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

Excelsior Swing Stanchion.

Warranted the best. 30 Days Trial.
Can be returned at our expense
if not satisfactory.

The Wasson Stanchion Co.,

Box 60. CUBA, NEW YORK.

I

Sharpies Co.
Chicago, Illinois

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

CRE OF CORN!

“Corn Is King.” Its wonderful possibilities practical¬
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work;

The Superior
Cream Separator

Gets AL L the Cream in 00 to 90 min-
utes. Simple, scientific, practical. Never
falls. 60,090 Forrttera use it. Does not mix
water with milk. Least trouble and ex¬
pense. Ovr Binding Guarantee assures
your satisfaction or money back. Write
today for particulars.

Superior Fence Machine Co.

309 Grand Kiver Ave., Detroit, Mich.

{“MODERN SILAGE METHODS.”

m An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-

tstruction and the process of fdling, to which is added
complete and reliable information regarding Silage ami

I” its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations,
being a Feeders’ and Dairymens’ Guide.

■ I— Advantages of the Silo. IV— How to Make Silage.

| II— Building the Silo. V — Feeding Silage.

J III— Silage Crops. VI— A Feeder’s Guide.

I 212 pages of plain, practical Information for
■ practical men. Contains just the things
"1 you have wanted to know and could not findelee-
Copyrightcd 1903. Postpaid for 10
cents, stamps or coin.

.the Silver mfg.co

Salem, Ohio.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1505.

s$

THE HOG QUESTION DISCUSSED .

Business With Business Pigs. — I
was interested in the pig story of Miss
Robbins. I have had nearly five years’
experience in that line on my Brookside
Farm, and it has not resulted as hers did.
We have a swine barn 25x81 feet with an
ell 1(5x16; it has cement floor throughout,
is one story save 25x25 for brood sows,
where the straw for bedding is kept in
the loft; this serves the double purpose
of having the bedding handy and keeping
the pen warm in Winter. All pens have
cement troughs, and swinging fronts so
that they may be fastened back while the
feed is being placed in troughs ; there is
a faucet from which to run water in
nearly all troughs, a room 16x16 for cook¬
ing feed and slaughtering, and it all cost
about $400. We keep from 15 to 20 brood
sows, selling the surplus pigs to neighbors
at good prices. The farm is just at the
outskirts of the city, and we have city
garbage enough placed in our cooker each
day to feed 100 all that they will eat.
It is first thoroughly cooked, mixed with
water and fed hot. The feed comes to
the cooker free of cost; so that the only
expense we have is cooking, bedding and
labor, outside of interest on investment.
We manage to turn off from $600 to $1,100
per year in pigs and pork. We always try
to have ours ready for market in August
and March, for at those times pork brings
the best prices, but we sell some nearly
every month of the year. Unlike your
editorial writer, we like to have them
dress as near 150 as possible, and not go
over that figure, as we get more for the
pork if it dresses from 125 to 150. We
also like the low, chunky fellows, because
they are always fat and ready for market,
so that we are ready to clean out our pens
if a time comes, as it does sometimes in
hot weather, when there is a shortage of
pork in New York City, and they are will¬
ing to pay a good price for some that are
nearby. If we had the long lanky kind
they would have to be specially fitted for
market, and would have to be sold when
they were ready, regardless of the state of
the market. Miss Robbins made her first
mistake, not when she bought the pigs,
but when she put them into a yard; prob¬
ably the sport she had in chasing those
pigs cost her more (in loss of feed) than
any other amusement that she ever had.
We find than an 8 x 10 pen gives room
for sufficient exercise for a pig to grow
on, and a plentiful supply of charcoal from
the cooker takes the place of the earth that
they eat when on the ground. From the
cradle to the grave none of our pigs ever
touches the ground except the breeders.
This cannot be successfully done without
the charcoal, nor do I think it advisable to
try it without the weekly use of a good
disinfectant and daily cleaning of the pens.

I would ask nothing better as a means of
making a living than to be located near
some city, with about $600 invested in a
pork plant. Garbage can be safely fed
(and nothing else ever fed) if it is cooked,
and plenty of charcoal and water is given
with it. ELLIS M. SANTEE.

Cortland Co., N. Y.

AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

The attempt of the Ayrshire breeders to
establish an advanced registry has in ils
first entries met with as much success as
could have been expected from so small a
number of the breeders that entered their
herds and we believe the few breeders who
have put their cows on record are worthy of
a good deal of praise for their attempt to
give their favorite breed a standing of cer¬
tainty on an official basis.

While New England has furnished the
most, being from the herds of Messrs. Yea ton.
Drew, Fletcher and Winslow, Probasco, of
New Jersey; Cook, of Ohio, and Hill, of
Minnesota, have helped to scatter the test.

The requirement of 8,500 pounds of milk
and 375 pounds of butter is calculated to
round out a good dairy cow, and we found a
good many that gave more than the required
amount of either milk or butter, but would
not come up to the required amount in both
milk and butter.

In the first volume of the advanced regis¬
try recently issued there are thirty-one cows
and heifers that qualified, being from the
herds of the above breeders.

The average yield of the mature cows was
6.414 pounds of milk and 532 pounds of
butter, and for the heifers the average yield
in the two-year form 6.815 pounds of milk
and 311 pounds of butter in the year.

The largest yield in the mature form was
12.172 pounds of milk and 546 pounds of
butter in one year.

The largest yield in the two-year-old form
was 8,201 pounds of milk and 403 pounds of
butter in one year. o. m. winslow.

Secretary.

BEAUTIFUL COLORED PICTURES? DAN PATCH ^SeFREEf

Tho Colored Lithograph we will send you is a largo reproduction of tho abovo engraving, and is
made from a photograph taken of Dan while he was going at his highest rato of speed, tt is one of
the finest motion photographs ever taken and is as natural and life like as if you actually saw Dan
coming down tho track. It shows Dan flying through tho air with every foot off of the ground

ii Printed in Six Brilliant Colors.

MAILED

Size 24 by 34 inches. Free of Advertising.”^®

PFF IF YOU ANSWER
** ““ These 3 Questions:

1st.— how Much Stock Of All Kinds Do You Own?

2nd.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

Wntejto^ Co.,S™fu!s™

AN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE TEST

HIGH RIVElt SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE.

International Stock Food Co. High River, Alta, Canada.

Dear Sirs:— I thank you for your letter of the 15th ult., and for all the
trouble you have taken to bring “International Stock Food” to my notice. The
merits of “International Stock Food” for horses in a poor condition were not un¬
known to me before your communication came to hand, but I had not given it
close attention as a possible medicine for other animals in trouble. A recent trial
of the food with a pen of pigs suffering from what I diagnosed as “Erysipelas
Pleuro-Enteritis” certainly proved most successful. After losing two hogs
within three days out of a pen of seven, I commenced feeding “International
Stock Food” liberally to the remainder, all of which had refused to eat the ordi¬
nary food and were sick. On the fourth day
a third hog died, but the remaining four rapid¬
ly recovered and are now well. I took the
precaution to feed “International Stock Food”
to all pigs on the farm and adjoining pens
during this outbreak, and quite believe have
saved myself from serious loss by adopting
your remedy. I am, Dear Sirs,

O. H. HANSON, Director.

W© Have Thousands of Similar Testimonials. We Will Pay
You $1000 If They Are Not the True Experience of
Practical Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imitation®
and Substitutes. ^International Stock Food” is Fed Every
Day to Our World Famous Stallions, Dan Patch 1:56,

Directum 2:05^, Arlon 2:07%, Boy Wilkes 2:06^, and to
Our One Hundred Brood Hares aud Their Colts.”

DiN PATCH 1:56, CHAMPION HARNESS HORSE oftlie WORLD. VALUED AT $160,000.

Largest Stock Food Factory In the World.
Covers Over a City Block.
Contains 18 Acres of Floor Space.
Also Large Factory at Toronto, Can,,
Containing 50,000 Feet of Space.
Capital Paid In $2,000,000.00.

New Steel Roofing ana Siding $2.00 per WO Sq. Ft.

Painted red on both sides. Most durable and economical covering for Kootimr. Sidlmr or tvlllnu- for u ^

Barns Shed*. Elevator*, Stores, Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. 5e’r to toy Colling for Evidences, Houses,
and will last longer than any other covering. Cheaper than shingles or slate. No experience
necessary. A hammer or hatchet the only tools needed. It Is semi-hardened high grade steel
*2.00 Is our price for the flat. Corrugated as shown In cut. or “V” crimped or standing seam
costs *2.10 per 100 square feet.. We offer Pressed ltrk k Siding and Bended Celling or
Siding ut *2.2.> per 100 Square Feet. Thousands of buildings throughout the world
are covered with this steel rooting and siding, making their buildings

FIRE, WATER AND LIGHTNING PROOF.

, Send In your order for as many squares as you may need to cover your new or old
building. Time will prove its enduring qualities. Withstands the elements, best of all
roofings. At prices noted In this advertisement, '

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for
,fv prices for shipment to such points. Ask for further particulars. Immediate shipment

If j ou mall us j our order at once. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Our Special Catalogue
No. K- 67 tells all about this rooflng. It also quotes low prices on Building Material, Wire, Pipe, Plumb-

Iteins '! ’L' i! 1 " ££• .* * ° !! Bowu Spouting, Eave Trough and thousands of other

items bought by us at kherlHV and lfcecelvera’ Sales,

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING

The Heaviest Fence

that weighs most to the running rod, built to withstand any strain,
and to last long under all conditions — the most desirable fence for
stockman and farmer — is the fence known the world over as

AMERICAN FENCE

Heavy steel wire, made in our own mills, from iron dug from our
s us<x? throughout in the manufacture of AMERICAN
ILINLE, and we give a guarantee with every rod of it that is as good
as a government bond.

I lie high quality oi AMERICAN FENCE has won for it the title of

STANDARD OF THE WORLD

while its fair price puts it within the reach of everyone. There are
two things we ask you to do: WRITE US for our new 1905 Fence Book,
free; SEE AMERICAN FENCE at the dealer’s in your market town

Buy no fence till you have posted yourself on AMERICAN.

AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO„, Dept.40

CHICACO NEW YORK DENVER SAN FRANCISCO

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE

Better than ordinary fence or netting-
because of twisted wire cables and
square mesh.

May be stretched tight without buck¬
ling- or sag-ging-, and conforms to the
irregularities of the ground without
cutting.

Bottom mesh is in, increasing

to 2x3, then to 4x3

Keeps in chicks, and a fence 4 or 5 ft.
high will keep in older fowl.

No top rail or bottom boaras re¬
quired, and half the number of posts
used with netting are sufficient.

Made from highest quality material
and heavi'y galvanized, it lasts longer
than netting or
any other
fence.

Send for
Cat alogue
D at d “ A
Short Story
for Poultry
Raisers.”

This Trade-Mark In Colors appears on Every Roll

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

MILLS AT

New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, LI. ; Oakland, Cal

SUPPOSE YOU’D HEARD

, better quality of

wfre— a wire that makes good coned springs— a wire so highly carbonized that an edged

„ tool can be made of it— a wire with double the tensile strength
of common fence wire of the same size, and again

SUPPOSE YOU’D HEARD

t Page Fence is constructed in a more practical, scien-
: way, that the cross bar is continuous and is securely
knotted around every horizontal bar. that it is smoothly
woven without locks, staples, rough joints or sharp
points to pull wool or injure stock, and that the first
Page Fences erected have been in use 20 years and are
still doing good sen-ice, wouldn't you think it worth your
while to investigate Page Qualities before buying your
. . J r — spring’s fencing? The Page Booklet tells all about quality
of wire, mode of construction and other characteristic features of Page Fences, and is
sent free upon request, with sample of Page Wire.

PACE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., BOX 73 2. ADRIAN, MICHIGAN

Branch Offices: 235 Broadway, New York; 200 Monroe Street, Chicago.

If You Want a FENCE*

That is made from the best High Carbon Steel Wire,

That is Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust or corrosion.

That isCOILKD to provide for contraction and expansion.
That is Strong Fnough to turn the most vicious animal.
That is Woven Closely to turn chickens and small pigs.

That staples to the posts as you would nail a board.

That easily adjusts itself to all uneven surfaces,

That is woven in such a manner that compels every wire
to bear its portion of strain,

That you can Buy Direct from thefirm that makes it, with
t Freight Prepaid to your nearest railroad station,

That you can examine at your railroad station and re¬
turn if it displeases you in any particular,

That you can erect and Use for Thirty Days, and if unsat¬
isfactory return at our expense and get your money,
Write for Free Catalog giving full information, Address,

^KITSELMAN BROS, Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

SEE THAT TWIST!!!'

SILOS

Also Cutters, Blowers, Carriers, Horse Powers. Hay Presses,
Saw Machine*. HARDER MFC. CO., CobUsklll, N. Y.

EarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.
Best on the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F. S. BURCH & CO., 144 Illinois St. Chicago,

F.SJBURCH

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTl.E FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for

col p 1\ y

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forest ville. Conn.

86

February 4,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S RARER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

DR. Walter Van Fleet, I Associates
MRS. E. T. Koyle, (Associates.

John' J. DILLON, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union. ?2.04,
equal to 8s. Od., or SVi marks, or 10*6 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Some horses need shoeing oftener than others. An
extra two or three dollars on the yearly shoeing bill
may save a ruinous lameness. Next to the “family
physician” a reliable family blacksmith is of most im¬
portance to the farmer. There are some blacksmiths
of this type, and it is worth while to go several miles
out of the way to have work done at such a place.

*

The matter of pedigree plants offers a wide field for
speculation, with at present little data from which to base
positive statements. If we decide that we cannot im¬
prove plants by selection where they are propagated
from cuttings or runners, we must entirely ignore the
fixed variations resulting from bud sports. If a pink
rose may produce a white bloom upon one branch, and
cuttings taken from this 'branch hold the “sport” so
strongly fixed that resulting plants retain the same
character for 20 years of commercial propagation, and
apparently for all time, why should we decide that a
variation on the side of extra vigor of plant may not
be held with equal firmness? We know that there is
some strange force working within plant cells that pro¬
duces apparently sudden “breaks” — what scientists call
the mutation of species — but is there not equal reason to
believe that a vigorous plant will impart vigor to the
cutting, which is part of the plant itself? In the mean¬
time, the business florist, who is not worrying about
the mutation of species or Mendel’s law, continues to
avoid “blind wood” in propagating his roses, and takes
bloom shoots as a means of insuring free-flowering
plants — in other words, he expects performance to fol¬
low pedigree.

*

Our scientific friends haven’t given us much help on
the wire problem yet, but they will come in time. If
some little man got out a “moth catcher” or some
powder for plugging a tree the stations would bulletin
him right out of business. There are some strong forces
back of the bogus wire, and a public man may well be
thoughtful before he locks horns w'ith them. Farm¬
ers are the chief sufferers from this rotten fence wire,
and if they cannot get help they will do the work them¬
selves. This will, after all, be best, for they will not
only obtain better wire, but they will demonstrate their
power Here is a note like hundreds that are coming
in :

My experience with had wire is just as you state in your
paper. I think I was the first to use barbed wire in my
vicinity : the same wire is very little rusted and has the
second set of posts, while wire which I bought a few years
ago is nearly rusted through. Prod the manufacturers till
they make a good galvanized wire, which they can warrant
not to rust in 20 years. For the first wire I paid something
like 11 cents per pound, and consider it was cheaper than
what we buy now at very much less. w.

Pennsylvania.

The horticultural meetings which we have attended
this year seem better than usual. There are more young
men present, and rather more discussion from the floor.
There is also a disposition to fill up the programme
with local speakers and use the professors for practical
rather than for professional service. 1 hese things are
encouraging. They show that farmers are becoming in¬
terested enough to take such things into their own hands.
In several States a grand old guard of devoted and
unselfish men have kept up the organization— often at
personal expense. Now their reward is coming. 1 hey

should have full credit for past service.

*

We spoke last week of the mix-up over the Erie
Canal. There is still another complication which should
not be overlooked. The last Legislature voted to bond
the State for $50,000,000, the money to be spent in
building “good roads.” The present Legislature will be
asked to vote on this bond issue, and then it will be
put to a popular vote, as the canal bond issue was.
It was pretty well understood that this plan for rais¬
ing money for road making was intended to placate
those who opposed the canal. It was often said that
the public highways were of more importance than the
canal — which is true. The canal men said, in effect:
“We are ready to raise money for road building in the
same way that we raise it for canal enlargement.”
But for the canal vote it is not likely that the road¬
bonding scheme would have been heard from in 10
years ! Should the opponents of the canal succeed
in preventing the work of enlargement, there would
be no bond issue for good roads. This complicates the
situation, because many farmers want the roads im¬
proved at any cost, while, on the other hand, thousands

of farmers are opposed to any bond issue.

*

A review of human and bovine tuberculosis in Japan
by a talented medical observer of that country does not
afford much support to the theorists who promote the
idea that human consumption is largely due to the use
of milk and flesh of infected horned cattle. He finds
that human consumption, both of the intestinal and lung
form, is as frequent in Japan as in Europe and Amer¬
ica, although cow’s milk has no part in the feeding of
infants. Milk and flesh. of cattle are scarcely used for
human food at all. There are large districts in Japan
where the native cattle, used almost exclusively as
beasts of burden, are absolutely free from tuberculosis
or consumption, showing they do not contract the dis¬
ease from man even when exposed to infection. Im¬
ported or mixed race Japanese cattle can be infected by
injection of tuberculosis material, but the natives ap¬
pear practically immune. His investigations give strong
proof that human and bovine tuberculosis are not inter¬
changeable under normal conditions.

There you have it in a nutshell. Years ago we could
buy good wire — which outlived two sets of posts.
Now the posts are more likely to outlive two sets of
wire. The posts are of the same timber, but the wire
is different. Why can we not buy the old kind? We
are ready to pay for it, and it is all nonsense to say
that we are demanding the cheap stuff! How can we
know the wire is good until we know the difference
between old and new? How is a farmer to learn this
difference unless some chemist helps him? He surely
cannot learn it himself, and with hundreds of men paid
by State or Nation to analyze or test things which he
buys and sells, has he not a right to ask that fence wire
be included? We do not undertake to say that the so¬
lution of this problem is an easy one. On the other
hand, it is one of the most difficult problems which the
stations have been called upon to solve. That very fact
makes it all the more necessary that the stations should
take hold of it. Will they not at least take samples of
wire from various places and tell us if there is any zinc
in the galvanizing?

*

Americans are quick to give their sympathies to the
oppressed. They have very generally wished the suc¬
cess of Japan in her war with Russia. Now, they give
entire sympathy to the Russian peasants and workmen
who are struggling against the government. We hear
much attempted comparison between the Russian troubles
and the French Revolution. The situation is really not
similar. The average Frenchman is by nature a very
different character from the average Russian. The
latter is slower, duller, filled with a deeper religious
feeling, and with long-inherited respect for the nobility
and authorities. Long before the French Revolution
took definite shape the peasants and workmen had lost
respect or fear for the nobles. There were also men
from the higher classes to lead them. In Russia the
other day, the workmen had no thought of violence
when they started to see the Czar. They had been
taught to believe that “the Little Father” would surely
listen to them and help them. When on this peaceful
errand the soldiers met them with lead and steel a
fond and foolish belief was broken. They now realize
that the Czar is a very ordinary man — a poor coward
instead of a supernatural being, and this broken idol
marks the first real step they have taken toward liberty.
True liberty was impossible to men who believed an
unworthy ruler capable of noble deeds. The guns of
the Russian soldiers shot down the barrier to free
thought. It is probable that the present uprising will
fail. It is improbable that the Russian people are yet
fit for anything like a republic. I he army is likely to
remain loyal to the Czar, and crush out open rebellion,
but truly the end has begun. The Russian people are
losing faith in their rulers, and force cannot perma¬

nently survive, when faith drops out of it. We look
to see the Russian people rise again and again, learning
a little more of their power from each defeat, until at
last they shake themselves free. The outside world can
give them little help. They must patiently and brave¬
ly fit themselves for liberty. And how freedom for the
Russians will change the thought and action of the en¬
tire world !

*

Investigation of recent sudden deaths traced to the
drinking of ordinary alcoholic beverages adulterated
with deodorized wood alcohol or methyl spirit have
brought out the little-known fact that wood alcohol,
formerly so nauseous and vile-smelling that it could only
be used for fuel and manufacturing purposes, has been
so deodorized and rid of its offensive qualities that it
can be used as a successful adulterant, not only of ordi¬
nary intoxicating beverages, but of witch hazel, cologne
water, bay rum, Jamaica ginger, essences and extracts
of all kinds, including lemon extract, liniments, pat¬
ent medicines and domestic remedies of otherwise quite
harmless composition. Already 158 cases of blindness,
most of them total, and 156 deaths have been reported
as due to this terribly poisonous product, now made
so closely to resemble the less toxic grain, ethylic or
common alcohol that it cannot be detected by ordinary
means. In order to reduce the risk from inodorous wood
alcohol it is suggested that it and all its preparations be
placed in the list of poisons, and that every package
containing it should bear the warning “this fluid taken
internally is likely to cause blindness.” Most people
dread possible blindness even more than death, and
would be greatly impressed by such a warning. Wood
alcohol in its legitimate form is a cheap and useful
product, and its use in competent hands should not be
restricted, but no mercy should be shown to the human
vultures who in their greed for gain use it to adulterate
familiar articles of domestic use.

*

Some of the so-called “popular” articles on scientific
agriculture do as much harm as good. As an illustra¬
tion, take the glowing accounts printed in magazines
and daily paoers of the work of soil bacteria and in¬
oculation. They generally give an entirely wrong im¬
pression. The fact is that inoculation may, by intro¬
ducing the proper bacteria, enable a plant to obtain
nitrogen from the cheapest source — the air. This will
not, alone, .change a barren soil into a fertile garden,
for the soil must be in proper condition to start with,
and the crops must be supplied with potash and phos¬
phoric acid before they can make a profitable growth.
People who read the great stories in the magazines get
the idea that the small packet of culture of itself sup¬
plies a vast amount of plant food. They do not or
will not understand that all the culture can possibly do
is to give the plant a chance to utilize more plant-food
— if it can find such within reach. We know that people
get this wrong and dangerous belief, because they write
reproaching us for being so slow in spreading these
wonderful “truths.” The belief is a dangerous one,
because our crops must still be fed in order to obtain
results that are satisfactory. A package of these cul¬
tures may prove very helpful to a farmer. So may
a good pamphlet or book : and in something of the same
way — by stimulating latent powers of mind or body
into action. The “culture” may enable the plant to
take advantages of supplies of fertility previously de¬
nied it. The book may enable the farmer’s brain to
absorb new methods or keener skill, and then make
his work more useful. Neither cultures nor book are
direct sources of fertility or power !

BREVITIES.

Why respect old age in a lien?

What about the man who has quit growing?

What do you think of sheep-shearing machines?

One thing we find lacking in Florida — a hotbed. Not
needed.

Why not take your boy when you go to the horticultural
meeting?

The “bloomless" or “seedless” apple seems to have hidden
from view.

A cross of water glass on your hens makes a perpetual
egg record.

Who has succeeded in getting three-year-old hens to lay
in Winter?

Remember that Sweet clover introduces the bacterium
which makes Alfalfa thrive.

A warm pen and plenty of bedding for the “store” hogs
mean less feed and less squeal.

This is the season for the creamery shark or promoter.
He can put a white elephant in your neighborhood with
great ease. Say won’t to his can talk.

One of our New Jersey neighbors, just outside New York,
picked the first outdoor flowers in his garden January 7,
when he picked a handful of Russian violets blooming under
a straw mulch. These fragrant hardy violets should have
a place in every garden.

A report from Pennsylvania tells of a pet goat which fell
into a creek and was there frozen solid. Two days later the
chunk of ice containing the goat was cut out and taken to
its owner, who with many laments put it to thaw out, in¬
tending to remove the hide for a souvenir rug. The next
morning the thawed-out goat was contentedly eating a hair
cushion, alive and well.

1905.

i

i

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

87

t

OBJECTIONS TO THE PARCELS POST.

The Business Men’s Association, of Hartford, Conn., re¬
cently refused to support a resolution calling for a parcels
post. In the Hartford Courant -I. II. Ilale gets after these
merchants in his usual vigorous style :

“Some of your older readers can no doubt remember when
railroads were first projected, the cry went up it will ruin
the stage business, and ‘ruin the horse market.’ Many
hundreds of thousands of miles of railroad have since been
constructed, stages have about all gone out of business, and
vet. with every mile of railroad there has been an advance
in the price of horses, until it costs three times as much to
buy a good one now as it did before the days of the railroads.
Then came the sewing machine, and. ‘Oh, dear, what will
the poor sewing girl do now?’ What’s the result? A sew¬
ing machine in every house and the old time wage of $1.50
to $2 per week to sewing girls has advanced to from $G to
$15, and the girls are hard to get at any price. When the
mowing machine was first invented the old time farm hand
was going to be ‘out of a job,’ or else be obliged to take
lower wages, and while the machines have been improved
and multiplied hay-makers' wages have increased 50 per
cent, and enough men are not forthcoming to do all the work,
work.

“Another ‘great, ruination’ was to come with Ihe advent
of electric cars on our street, horses were going to shy and
upsel and kill everybody, and if any were left they would
all ‘go to one center to trade and all outlying towns would
be ruined.’ Of course, we have not tested them fully yet,
but very little ‘ruination’ is apparent, and r am quite confi¬
dent that any proposition to abandon these roads and pull
up the tracks would meet with strong opposition. To lie
sure, they have caused some readjustment in business con¬
ditions and temporary losses to some, yet a general benefit
to the many, just as did the advent of the railroad, the sew¬
ing machine and the mowing machine, and yet, do any of
us want to go back to ‘The good old times' before these
‘Ruinations’ came along? Just now the great laidy of Ameri¬
can people who have given any thought to the matter look
to the coming of the parcels post as the next great sf ep in
American progress. The rural mail delivery, as well as city
delivery and the telephone, makes it easy to place orders
for merchandise without the loss of time and money in leav¬
ing home, and with the parcels post to deliver the purchased
goods at small cost, trade is bound to be generally stimulated
and everybody benefited, and none more so than the up-to-
date merchants who through proper newspaper advertising
will be able to reach more customers than ever before.

“Some one in Congress has said that for a long time there
have been but six objections to the parcels post, and those
were the Adams. American, United States. Wells Fargo, Pa¬
cific and Southern Express companies, who make big profits in
handling goods that ought to go by parcels post at low rates.
But. of course, there are a few merchants who cannot, see
very far ahead, men who are never able to look at things

with a broad view, who fear the loss of trade if it is made
easier for the public to buy at home. I am sorry to see
Hartford merchants being led into this class. The parcels
post is coming sure, and coining to stay. Not one can stay
the rapidly rising tide of public opinion on this subject,
and I regret to see my friends and neighbors of the Hartford
Business Men’s Association on the wrong side of this great
question, especially as they are led to take that opposition
through supposedly selfish reasons that are not valid.”

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC. — The United States Supreme Court January
16 granted a new trial to Senator Joseph 11. Burton, of Kan¬
sas, who was convicted at. St. Louis of accepting a retainer
from an alleged “get-rieh-quick" concern, in proceedings be¬
fore the Post Office Department, and sentenced to six months'
imprisonment and a fine of $2,500. The verdict in the lower
court was set aside on the ground of errors in the trial.
The opinion was handed down by Justice Peckham. . . .

The Slocum trials began January IS before Judge Thomas in
the Criminal Branch of the United States Circuit Court, with
Henry Lundberg. ex-inspector of steamboat hulls, and Boiler
Inspector John \V. Fleming as the first defendants. They ex¬
amined and passed as seaworthy the steamboat General Slo¬
cum. which burned June 25 last with the loss of some 800
lives. The two inspectors are indicted under Section 5344
of tbi> Revised Statues, which provides that “every owner,
inspector or other public officer through whose fraud, conni¬
vance or violation of law the life of any person is destroyed
shall be deemed guilty of manslaughter, and upon conviction
thereof * * * shall be sentenced to confinement at hard

labor for not more than Id years.” The officers of the
Knickerbocker Steamboat Company and Captain Van Schaick
of the Slocum also are under indictment, and their trials
will come after the cases of Lundberg and Fleming are dis¬
posed of. January 20. for the sixth time since it

was completed a few weeks ago, a section of the new track
of the Highland Division of the New York. New Haven and
Hartford Railroad at Storm Lake, N. Y., disappeared in the
lake. The disappearing section was about 60 feet long. The
engineers felt certain until this occurrence that they had fin¬
ally secured a firm foundation for the tracks. Hundreds of
carloads of rock and earth have been dumped Into the place.
A curious phenomenon was observed with the, disappearance
of t lie railroad. As the emnankment was swallowed by the
water a small island appeared in t lie center of the lake, many
feet away from the railroad, and remained there for a short
time and then disappeared. The phenomenon was caused
apparently by the pressure of earth from the railroad em¬
bankment upon the mud in the bottom of the lake. .

Frank Croker, son of Richard Croker, the Tammany boss,
was fatally injured, and ids auto driver, Alex Raoul,, killed
instantly January 22 by the overturning of Croker’s racing
car on the beach at Ormond, Fla. A motor cyclist ran in
front of young Croker. who was driving north at high speed,
and Croker turned sharply, grazing the motor cyclist and
throwing him to the ground, breaking his leg. Croker’s ma¬

chine lost a front tire and darted into the ocean, turning
over twice. Croker was running at 85 miles an hour when
the accident occurred. . . Five American mining pro¬

spectors were killed by Yaqui Indians near Torres, Sonora,
Mexico, January 20. John Kenneth Mackenzie, son-in-law
of the late Dr. Clinton Locke, and Dr. Robert Coy, both of
Chicago, are known to have been among I lie victims of the
savages. . . . William O’Brien, George Bresher and Ed¬

ward Purcell, young boys, were blown up by an explosion
of powder in the Taby mine, Shamokin, Pa., January 22. and
were burned horribly. O’Brien will likely die. The victims
had penetrated the mine without the knowledge of any one.
Three hundred feet along the tunnel they found seven kegs
of powder, the head of one being open. One of the boys was
tilling his cap with the explosive when a spark from a lamp
fell into the cap, causing an explosion which ignited all the
kegs. The boys were blown a distance of 30 feet from the
scene, while the mine was badly wrecked. A rescuing party,
after a hard battle lighting their way through smoke, carried
the boys to the surface. . . Bounties offered by many

of the Western States for the skins of wild animals have
been fraudulently obtained to the value of thousands of dol¬
lars, and the swindle has only recently been unearthed. Utah
has suffered to the extent of $75,000, and other States pro¬
portionately. Information from adjoining States is to the
effect that the same men operated in all the States. The
frauds in Salt Lake County are already shown to be fully
$20,000, in Weber County $12,000. and many other counties
of the State have been mulcted in smaller amounts. In every
case so far investigated it has been found the outside men
operated in collusion with some man in the County Clerk’s
office. The law requires that each skin presented to the
clerk be examined and the ears punched. It has been proved
that certificates calling for thousands of dollars have been
issued without a single hide to show for them. In other
cases the holes in the ears were patched and mutilated ears
sewed up. Hides were shipped through several States, boun¬
ties being collected not once, but. many times in each Slate.
According to records, one conspirator was paid in Salt Lake
City alone for killing 1.085 coyotes, 314 wildcats, 190 wolves,
121 mountain lions and 41 bears in three months.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The American Breeders’ Associa¬
tion will hold its second annual mooting at. the College of
Agriculture, Champaign, III., February 1-3.

A convention of corn growers was held in the Agricultural
Building of the University of Illinois at Champaign, January
23 to February 3. The following among other papers were
presented: Alfalfa. Cow Beans and Soy Beans,” by L. F.
King. Huntsville, 111.: “How I Prepare Corn for Show,” by
W. E. Johnson, of Athens, III. ; “The Maintenance of Soil
Fertility,” by Dr. C. G. Hopkins, of the University of Illi¬
nois : “Varieties of Corn for the North.” by Prof. W. M.
Hays, of the University of Minnesota: “Practical Landscape
Gardening,” by Prof. .1. C. Blair, of the University of Illi¬
nois: “Improvement of Corn by Seed Selection,” by C. I’.
Hartley, of the United States Department, of Agriculture:
“Clover,” by Prof. Joseph Carter, of Champaign. III.; "Prog¬
ress in Plant Breeding," by Prof. W. M. Hays, of the Univer¬
sity of Minnesota.

“The World’s Best by Every Test”

Bradleys

Fertilizers.

The Editor of the “ Vermont Watchman ” says:

“ I*or us, having used the Bradley Fertilizers for farming, gardening, and fruit-growing for
nearly a quarter of a century, — meantime testing, and sometimes buying largely of other makes,
and many times buying the raw materials and mixing them ourselves, — we can and do unre¬
servedly state that they have the preference with us, inasmuch as THEY HAVE NEVER
FAILED IN ANY SEASON, OR UNDER ANY CONDITIONS, TO GIVE US A
PROFITABLE RESULT. It is in using them that we have gathered our LARGEST
CROPS AT THE LEAST EXPENSE, so we may say that, with much experimenting, we
reach the conclusion that for us the BRADLEY FERTILIZERS STAND FIRST IN
ESTEEM AS HONEST, WELL-MADE, STRONG AND RELIABLE EVERY TIME.”

Why Experiment, when Bradley’s Fertilizers Produce Results Like These ?

BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS

American Agricultural Chemical Co.

92 State Street, Boston, Mass.

88

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 4,

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

AN EARLY RISER.

Uncle Ezry Waters was a master hand to rise;
Rirds ’nd still lie sleeping when he’d open up
his eyes ;

Had th’ stock all fed before the slightest
streak o’ dawn ;

Long before the sun was up he’d et his meal
an’ gone ;

He’d come home for dinner while most folks
was snoozin’ on.

“Nothin’ gained by sleepin’,’’ Uncle Ezry used
t’ say ;

’N hour ’fore the sunrise's wutli the rest of
any day.”

So he kep’ a risin’ leetle sooner right along;
Going out. to labor with his lantern burnin’
strong ;

Coinin’ back to dinner ’fore the lark began
his song.

Gettin’ old and childish. Uncle Ezry, by and

by,

Couldn't stand to stay in bed and let the mo¬
ments fly ;

Used to clamber for his clothes 'long at one or
two ;

Hustle out and milk (lie cows; rush the clior-
in’ through ;

Then he'd wait for sunup an’ he’d stew an’
stew an’ stew.

Uncle Ezry’s gone away to a better clime;
lie don't wait for sunup now; it stays up all
the time.

He was only sixty-five — killed himself, they
said ;

Pined away for lack of sleep — crazy in his
head.

Ezry got to gittiu’ up before he went to bed.

— Council Bluffs Nonpareil.

*

Bread slicers consist of a wooden frame,
into which the loaf slips, having slots of
varying width at the sides, so that the
knife can he adjusted to cut any thickness
of slice. Bacon slicers are made on the
same principle.

*

Ribbon renovators sold in the depart¬
ment stores are flat tin spouts that fit
into the spout of an ordinary tea kettle,
causing the steam to come out in a broad
jet. They raise the pile of creased velvet,
or smooth out ribbon and chiffon very ef¬
fectually.

*

As a change in the baked beans prepare
them in the usual way, omitting the pork,
but adding half a cupful of chopped suet,
two tablespoonfuls of molasses, two table¬
spoonfuls of kitchen bouquet, and a level
teaspoonful of salt, and then bake in
small individual bowls.

*

Royal toast will be found an excellent
dish for breakfast or tea. Put bread
toasted a delicate brown in a square shal¬
low pan; put a piece of butter the size
of a walnut on each slice, and sprinkle
with sugar. Arrange in layers, and pour
over the whole enough milk or cream to
half fill the pan. Cover closely and set
in a slow oven until the liquid is all
absorbed.

*

A recent query concerning the relative
economy of using cane or beet sugar re¬
minds us that beet sugar, whatever its
economic value may be, is not desirable
in some cooking operations. We have
never succeeded in hardening a fruit jelly
made with beet sugar, and many exasper¬
ating cases of jelly that won’t “jell” are
due to this cause. Marian Harland says
that many years ago she was advised to
use one-fifth more beet sugar than a recipe

called for when cane sugar was used.

*

The lasting qualities of a rubber hot-
water bottle are much increased by proper
care. Usually the first leak comes at the
neck of the bottle. This is largely the
result of putting in the cold stopper, the
neck of the bottle being heated by the
water, and then screwing it too tight.
Unequal expansion results, which in time
loosens the rubber where it joins the
metal. Pour some of the hot water over
the stopper, so the metal parts are uni¬
formly heated, then screw close, but not
as tight as strength permits, which is the
usual practice. Never pour boiling water

into the bottle; it may be hot, but not
boiling. We always use a metal funnel in
filling, which avoids splashing, and also
confines the hot water to the metal neck,
instead of running down where metal
and rubber join.

*

Here is a veal and ham pie, described by
the Boston Cooking School Magazine,
that is well worth trying: A pound of
veal cutlet cut in small pieces is rolled in
flour and browned in hot bacon fat. Cover
with boiling water, or, if possible, with
stock made from the trimmings of veal
and seasoned with sweet herbs, carrot and
onion, and simmer for about two hours.
Put the pieces of veal in a baking dish.
Have ready half a cupful of finely chopped
cooked ham. Add to it a little of the
liquid in which the veal was cooked, and
pound smooth in a mortar. Then press
through a puree sieve, and add the rest of
the liquid with such seasoning as may be
desired. Pour this over the meat in the
dish, adding half a pint of oysters and a
few bits of butter. Cover the dish with a
pastry or rich biscuit crust, and bake about
twenty-five minutes.

*

It seems seasonable to express, once
more, our abiding sympathy for those who
suffer annually from chilblains. We don’t
suppose anyone ever actually died from
chilblains, but we have met with several
sufferers who expressed entire willingness
to die if no other relief offered. There
appears no cure for chilblains; prevention
and alleviation are all that can be offered.
Some cases are much improved by warmer
clothing more evenly distributed over the
body, thus improving the circulation, and
it would seem that this is always a factor
in alleviating the trouble. This Winter
our friends among the sufferers find relief
in first bathing the feet in warm water,
then rubbing well with turpentine. An¬
other familiar remedy is bathing the af¬
fected part in strong alum water for five
or 10 minutes. After this bathing apply
linseed oil. The alum seems to relieve the
intolerable irritation. When these oily
applications are rubbed on the feet at
bedtime a pair of old stockings should be
worn afterwards, to avoid soiling the bed¬
clothes. Every chilblain sufferer should
try to keep his feet warm and dry, and
avoid putting them up against the stove
or radiator to warm quickly when chilled.

*

Here is a recipe for southern chicken
pie given by Miss May Irwin, the actress,
in her recent cook book. She says it “looks
like a lot of bother, but is worth it

“Select a yellow Philadelphia fowl
weighing four or five pounds; clean care¬
fully, singe and put it on in boiling water
enough to cover it, and let it simmer gen¬
tly until it begins to grow tender. Save
this broth with the giblets. Now cut the
chicken in small pieces; slice a quarter of
a pound of fat pork very thin and fry it
with the chicken until it is brown. After
the chicken and pork are fried take them
up and stir into the pan in which they
were cooked a tablespoonful of flour. Stir
it over the fire until brown; then add a
pint of the chicken broth, a teaspoonful of
salt, quarter of a teaspoonful of pepper.
Stir this gravy until it has boiled two
minutes and use it for pie. To make the
crust : Mix together in a bowl with a
knife one pound of flour, one teaspoonful
of salt, two teaspoonfuls of butter, and
just enough cold water to hold it together.
Roll it out about an inch thick; cut a
quarter of a pound of butter in large slices,
and lay it all over the paste; fold it up
and wrap in a floured towel and put in the
ice box for half an hour. Roll it out, re¬
peating same with another quarter of a
pound of butter; roll it to a thickness of
half an inch, fold it in three thicknesses
and roll it out again. If the butter breaks
through, fold it again in a towel and cool

for half an hour before using. Line a
deep dish ; then put in alternate layers of
chicken, pork and sliced raw p*tatoes;
pour in as much gravy as the dish will
hold. Sprinkle with a little chopped pars¬
ley, a dash more pepper and salt, and cover
with a top crust, wetting the edges to
make them adhere. Cut a hole in the top
to allow the steam to escape.”

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get. a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

Without
Macbeth on it

Bologna Sausage ; Oyster
Cracker s.

Will you give a recipe for Bologna sausage?
Can any reader of The It. N.-Y. tell how to
make oyster crackers? J. s. s.

New York.

An excellent recipe for Bologna sausage
calls for six pounds of lean beef; one
pound salt pork ; three pounds lean fresh
pork ; one pound beef suet ; one ounce
white pepper; one teaspoonful ground
mace; three ounces salt; one teaspoonful
cayenne; one large onion chopped fine.
Chop the meat and suet separately very
fine, then mix; add all the seasoning, and
mix thoroughly. Fill into casings and tie
into lengths, or use strong linen bags.
Make a brine that will bear an egg; put the
sausage into it, and let stand two
weeks, turning and skimming every
day. At the end of the first week
throw away the old brine, and put
the sausage into new for the second week;
then smoke for a week. When smoked rub
over the outside with olive oil, and store
in a cool, dark dry place. If you wish to
keep the sausage for any length of time
sprinkle the outside with pepper.

We have no recipe for oyster crackers,
and shall be very glad if some of our read¬
ers will supply this want.

The Bookshelf.

T he Art of Right Living. — This little
book by Mrs. Ellen H. Richards is a con¬
densation of a course of lectures given at
the Summer School of the South, Knox¬
ville, Tenn., in 1904. It deals with prac¬
tical points in everyday living; food, sleep,
exercise, work, amusements, pleasure and
purpose, etc. Tt is an unpretentious little
book, but one that will help any reader
who is seeking light in the things of
everyday life. We are all prone to forget
that there is a best way to live even the
plainest and simplest life. Published by
Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass.; r>0
pages, cloth binding; price 50 cents net,
postage four cents.

The Cereals in America, by Prof.
Thos. F. Hunt, Cornell University; 500
pages, illustrated. The Orange Judd Com¬
pany, New York. Price $1.75. This is a
very _ exhaustive and up-to-date work,
treating on all the cereals grown in
North America. The various features of
botany, cultivation, harvesting and market¬
ing of the various grains are covered in
an able manner. Naturally maize or corn,
our National staple, receives fullest con¬
sideration. This is an important work,
meriting a wide circulation.

Naked on parent’s knees, a new-born child,
Weeping thou sat’st when all around the®
smiled ;

Bo live, that, sinking to thy last long sleep,
Thou then may’st smile while all around
thee weep.

—(Translated by Sir William Jones from
the Persian.)

what can you
expect of a
lamp-chimney!

You need to know how to manage your
lamps to have comfort with them at small cost.
Better read my Index ; I send it free.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

The Choice
oi Lamps

It is not merely the matter of cost, but the
comfort and artistic effect of your home
by night, as well as the convenience
and work by day.

THE

Angle Lamp

is the most economical of all good lights and
its soft, mellow, steady light makes it the
most desirable.

It is overhead, out of the way, casts no un¬
der-shadow, emits no odor or smoke and is
lighted and extinguished like gas. In fact it
is a perfect substitute for gas and electricity at
a far less cost. Burns for 18 hours with one
filling and saves its own cost in a short time.

Sold on 30 Days Trial

You would never part with it if you learned to
know it. Ask for our free catalogue NN and
learn all about it.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO.
78-80 Murray St., New York.

\X HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

CEARCHING Investigation o'
this Company’s record, He
present standing, and its con
servative methods will aflsun
you that its funds are bettei
secured than the average 4 p. c.
investment.

We pay you 5 p. c. per annum
— a (juarter larger income. Yon
will appreciate the convenience
of our 11 certificate ” system for
handling accounts by mall.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savings A LoanCo*
1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

T

LLcunarni ougbly taught.’ EASTM4N
trains for practical work. Positions for all
graduates. Complete Home Learner’s tele¬
graph outfit, «5. Simplified Shorthand by mail.
Catalogue free. C. C. GAXNJES, iiox
037, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

A MATTER OF HEALTH

Absolutely Pure

HAS MO SUBSTITUTE

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An .Ever blooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.
JOS. II. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N.J.

TELEPHONES]

FOR FARMERS’ LINES

Build your own lines. Inexpensive
and simple. We will tell you how.
Book of Instructions Free. C N 302

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

1 52 St. Clair St. Cleveland, Ohio.

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application A
large, strong box
Rural Mail Box. and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

89

What We Eat ill Ohio.

Our Winter bill of fare is quite varied.
Some of us drink a cupful of hot water
before breakfast. This morning we had
flakes and oatmeal with milk, some of us
preferring the former,- some the latter
cereal. Fried sausage and buckwheat
cakes with syrup came next, with white
bread and butter, for some of us do not
eat buckwheat. Apple butter, crackers

4912 Double Breasted Coat,
32 to 40 bust.

and coffee completed our bill of fare. Only
two of us care for coffee. We have white
puddings instead of meat for breakfast
half of the time during January and Feb¬
ruary, and sometimes boiled eggs instead
of cakes. In fact, we do not have cakes
oftener than three times a week.

Roast chicken for dinner with sage
stuffing and gravy, currant jelly, mashed
potatoes, boiled onions, cold slaw, mince
pie, Swiss cheese, nuts and cider, tea,
coffee and hot water to suit our individual
wants. A friend in Texas sends us a
bushel of pecans every Winter and we en¬
joy them most as an after-dinner dessert.
Our cider we keep sweet by putting a
pound of mustard seed in the barrel. We
very often have baked squash or squash
pie for dinner, old 1904 having been a big
squash year with us. We find the Deli¬
cious sweeter and finer than the Hubbard.

For supper we had head cheese, potato
patties, white and brown bread and but¬
ter, currant jelly, apple butter and Satsu-
ma plum sauce, oatmeal cookies, crackers
and coffee. Our suppers are usually light
and early, from half-past four to five
o’clock being our supper time the year
round. Nearly all of us like bacon and
cornbread for dinner, cornmeal mush with
a howl of milk for supper, and fried mush
for breakfast, so you see we are very fond
of corn. Our roasting ear season lasts
from July till the middle of October.

Our fruit cupboard is well supplied with
raspberries; raspberries and currants
canned together; currant sauce for cold
meats ; gooseberries ; blackberries ; Duchess
and Bartlett pears canned together;
Duchess alone and also with ginger root;
Salway peaches, plain and spiced; Abun¬
dance plums plain and spiced; Isabella
grapes; crab apple marmalade; quinces;
apple butter; tomatoes and beans; cucum¬
ber and tomato catsup ; pickles and chow
chow; currant jelly; currant and rasp¬
berry mixed ; crab apple and plum mixed ;
crab apple alone, and quince; blackberry
wine and boiled cider; dried apples and
dried peaches. I think most of our neigh¬
bors are equally well supplied. We have
had Catawba grapes on the table almost
constantly since October. We keep them
in half-filled half-bushel baskets as cold
as possible without freezing, and they are
fine for about two months. When we have
to put them in the cellar they begin to
wilt and mold. We are fruit growers here,
and fruit eaters.

White Puddings. — Take three or four
pounds of fresh suet, chop and crumble
up fine by hand — a machine cutter will

tnajs£ it greasy— then to every pint of suet
add and a half pint of sifted flour,
one teaspoonful of salt and half a tea¬
spoonful of pepper. For the full recipe
you will require a cupful of salt and half
a cupful of black pepper. Have ready
muslin hags 10 x 2/ inches, scald them
and fill within two inches of the top. l ie
securely with string and plunge into boil¬
ing water, letting them boil three hours;
then hang the puddings up in a cool place.
When wanted for breakfast put one or

r

two into boiling water and cook half an
hour, then lift out, untie the string and
slip the pudding into a frying pan and
set in the oven for 10 minutes, or until
it is dry and crisp. Serve piping hot.

_ DOCIA DYKENS.

The Rural Patterns.

Whatever styles may come and go, the
coat that combines a fitted back with dou¬
ble-breasted box fronts is always in de¬
mand. This one is finished at the neck
in regulation coat style, and includes
sle'evcs of the very latest cut with roll¬
over cuffs. As illustrated the material is
black cheviot stitched with silk and fin¬
ished with a collar of black velvet, hut any
cloaking material is appropriate and' when
liked the coat can be made longer, as
shown in the small cut. The coat is made
with fronts, backs, side-backs and under¬
arm gores, the fronts being faced to form
the lapels. The sleeves are full at the
shoulders, narrower at the wrists, where
they arc finished with cuffs. The quantity
of material required for the medium size
is 5 yards 27, 2 A yards 44 or 2% yards 52
inches wide, with -A yard of velvet. The
pattern 4912 is cut in sizes for a M2, 34, 36,
38 and 40 inch bust measure; price 10
cents from this office.

Russian dresses still retain their vogue
for little girls. The model illustrated is
made of dark red cashmere with bands of
red taffeta stitched with silk, yoke and
cuffs of cream lace, but all materials that
are in vogue for dresses of the sort arc
appropriate, and the yoke and cuffs can
be of any all-over material that may be
preferred. Tucked silk is always pretty
and serviceable. The dress consists of the
yoke, fronts and hack, both the latter be-

4913 Girl’s Russian Dress, 4 to 10 yrs.

ing laid up in pleats for their entire length
and attached to the yoke and the band
concealing the joining. The sleeves are
full, gathered at both upper and lower
edges and finished with straight cuffs. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size (.8 yards) is 4J^ yards 27, 4Rj
yards 32 or 2^4 yards 44 inches wide with
A yard of all-over lace. The pattern 4913
is cut in sizes for girls of 4, 6, 8 and 10
years of age; price 10 cents.

The Great Nonesuch Remedy

ST.

JACOBS

OIL

The old monk cure, strong,
straight, sure, has for a large
part of a century battled with
and conquered

Aches and Pains

the world over. Price 25c.
and 50c.

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it at
Oven our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Ihermomeitr 820,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20% to 40% because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the entire prod¬
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro¬
curable article at a big saving, we know we can satisfy you.

Send Postal for Free Catalogue No. 114

WE.

PAY
THE
FREIGHT

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with special
reference to long life and economy of fuel. "All
blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.
All cook stoves and ranges equipped
with patented oven thermometer.

It save fuel and makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO.

Investigate our offer and
save money.

Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

I’M

V * » * * V-

TALKING
NOW

Over My Own
Telephone

Every farmer should have his
own telephone. If heisnot near
a telephone line he can interest
his neighbors and build aline.
It doesn't cost much, and the
advantages are beyond esti mat
ing. The extra profit on one
year’s crop, sold at the right
time, will more than pay his
share. A telephone enables him
to get the market reports every
day— get every market advantage.

t.ir

shai

Stromber^-Carlson

Telephones

are constructed to meet the conditions that arise on farm lines—
don t need expert operators, are strong in talking qualities, durably built and are

?liiay»Snready ,0r \V0(rk', day or "Tht. Our book 1’ 102 " Telephone Farts For Farmers"
tells all you want to know. It's free. Write for it anefyou will soon be' "UdkiL
over your own telephone." Address nearest office. jouwiusoonne talking

STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE MFG. CO.
ROCHESTER. N. Y. CHICAGO. ILL.

Polish. It gives a quick, brilliant lustre and I>oes
Wot lturn OIT. Sample sent if you address Dept. P
MtlOST, t'Oltl.ISS A < 0.. Agls.. 78 Huiimm 8t.. New York.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN THI.KPHONE I.INK.

Onr telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT,

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Funs.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
7X Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

$ 50,000,000 WORLD’S FAIR , ST-,BL004U,S

We Own All the Vait Quantity of Material Used in it’s Construction and Equipment

100,000,000 FEET OF HIGH GRADE LUMBER FOR SALE

SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR OUR ESTIMATE

SAVE FROM 30 TO 40 PER CENT. Also Sash, Doors, Koofing of all kinds. Pipe of all kinds. Wire Fenc¬
ing, Hardware, Machinery, Household Goods and Furniture of every description, besides thousands of other
items. ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE NO. 57. We purchased every Exposition of modern days.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, Mo.

P THAT COUGH

JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

An almost* infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat* and Lungs,
known used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

9o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 4,

MARKETS

CURRENT WHOLESALE PRICES.
GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth — @1.26

No. 2, red . — @1.19%

Corn, No. 2, yellow . — @ 51%

Oats, No. 2, mixed . — @ 37

Rye . — @ 81

Parley . 46 @ 53

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York, for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots:

Timothy, bushel of 45 lbs.... — @ 2.75

Kentucky Blue grass, 10 lbs. . — @12.00

Red top, 100 lbs . — @ 9.00

Awnless Rrome grass, 100 lbs. — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . . — 0/17.0(1

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

Clover, medium red, 100 lbs. . . — @17.00

BEANS.

Marrow, 1904, choice, bushel.. —

Fair to good . 2.55

Medium, choice . —

Pea, choice . 1.75

Steers

LIVE STOCK.

Red kidney, choice . 2.70

@2.80
@2.75
@1.90
fa 1.77%
@2.72%

While kidney, choice . 2.95 @3.00

' ' @3.25

@2.10
@3.00

Black turtle soup, choice.

Yellow eye, choice . 2.05

Lima, California . 2.95

FEEDS.

City bran . 21.00 @23.00

Middlings . 23.00 @2G.OO

Red dog . — • @27.00

Gluten . 2G.00 @28.00

1CAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . — @ 80

No. 2 . — @ 75

No. 3 and clover, mixed.... 65 @ 70

Clover . GO @ G5

Straw, long rye . 1.00 @1.05

Short . 05 @ 72%

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3% cents per

quart In 20-cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

29

@

29%

Firsts .

26 % @

28 %

Seconds .

24

@

20

Thirds .

20

fa)

23

27

@

27%

State dairy, prime .

Lower grades .

27

@

28

21

@

24

Factory, choice .

22

@

23

Lower grades .

15

fa!

18

Packing slock .

15

@

19

Renovated .

15

@

23

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

—

@

12%

Choice to fine .

1 1 % @

11%

Fair to good .

10% @

10%

I^arge sizes one-fourth cenl less,
light skims . 9%@

10%

Full skims .

5

@

5

EiGOS.

Extra fancy, white .

32

@

34

Fresh gathered, good to ch....

28

@

30

Common to good .

22

fa!

26

Western, fresh gathered .

22

@

27

Tennessee and other Southern

. 21

fa!

20

Storage, April pack, finest....

—

@

22

Fair to good .

17

@

21

APPLES.

King and Jonathan, d. h. bbl . .

2.50

@3.50

Jona than. Colo., bit. box .

Ren Davis, d. It. bbl .

1 .50

@2,

.00

.1.50

fa 2

.50

Spitzenburg, d. h. bbl .

,2.50

fa 3

.50

Spitzenburg. Western, bn. box..

2.00

@2

.50

Spv. d. it. bill .

2.00

fa 2

.50

Baldwin, d. b. bbl .

fa! 2

.25

Greening, d. h. 1)1)1 .

fa 2

PM

Bulk stock, 150 IDs; .

T.r)

@1

.25

@8.50
@5.00
@ 40
fa 3.75
@3.50

'5 @2,

.50

0%@

7

5% fa'

0

5 % @

5%

4 fa)

5

3 @

4

3 % @

4%

3 @

3%

2%@

3%

@2.

,25

10

@

35

10

fa

50

2.00

@3

.50

8

@

13

10

@

30

VARIOUS FRESH FRUITS.
Cranberries, eh. to fancy, bbl . .0.00

Poor to good . 3.00

Strawberries, Florida, qt . 30

Oranges. California, eh. to fey. 2.25

Florida, ch. to fey . 2.00

Grape fruit, ch. to fey . 2.75 @4.00

Pineapples, Florida, 30 to 24

to box . 1

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime . 5 %@

Evaporated, com. to good. . . '

Sun dried, sliced .

Sun dried, Canadian qtrs...

Sun dried. St. and W'n, qtrs.

Sun dried, coarse cut . 2%@

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.40 @1.00

Cores and skins, 100 lbs.... 1.00 @1.20

Raspberries . 22 @ 23

Huckleberries . 11 <ff> 12

Blackberries . 6%@ 7

Cherries . 13 %@ 14

I-IOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, No. 1, doz .

Lettuce, dozen . 10

Mushrooms, lb .

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

Rhubarb, lb .

Tomatoes, lb .

SALADS AND GREEN STUFF
Chicory and escarol, New Or¬
leans, bbl . 2.00

lettuce, Fla., fc.v., %-bbl. bkt..1.75

Fla., avg., %-bbl. bkt . 30

New Orleans, bbl . 1.00

Peppers, Fla., 24 qt. carrier ... 1 .00

Kale. Norfolk, bbl . 05

Cucumbers, Fla., %-bu. crate.. 1.50

Peas, Fla.. 3-pk. bkt . 1.00

Spinach, Southern, bbl . 1.25

String beans, Fla.. 3-pk. bkt... 1.50

Romaine, 3-pk. bkt . 1.25

Watercress, 100 4-in. bunches. .1.00

Celery, dozen . 10

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Lamb, hothouse, head . 5.00

Calves, prime, light, lb....

Fair to good .

Barnyards .

Hogs, Jersey, light .

Medium and heavy .

LIVE POULTRY

Chickens, lb .

Fowls .

Roosters, old .

Turkeys, old .

Ducks, pair .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULT!

Turkeys, fancy . .

Medium to good .

Canons, fancy, large .

Small and mixed weights.

Chickens, fancy .

Average grades .

Inferior .

Fowls, good to choice .

Ducks . . . . •

Geese . . .

Squabs, dozen . . ,2.00

fa 3.00
@ 2.00
@1.50
@ 3.00
@1.75
fa 75
@4.00
@3.50
@2.50
@4.00
@2.25
@2.00
@ 50

@9.00

12

@

12%

10

fa)

11%

5

@

7

7

@>

7%

5

%@

0%

-

@

11 %

- -

@

14

—

@

9%

13

@

14

00

fa)

80

@1

.02

—

@

20

RY.

18

@

20

15

@

17

*>»>

(a>

24

14

fa)

20

19

<&)

20

14

fa>

18

10

@

12

12

@

14

10

@

14

8

@

12

@3.25

Dressed beef, lb.

State, Western and Jersey,

@5.85

.3.00

fa: 4.20

@4.0

fa:4.00

7

@ 9

@9.75

,3.00

@3.60

4.00

fa) 5.75

7.40

@8.25

ILES.

@2.00

@1.50

fa 4.75

2.00

fa 3.75

4

fa 1 2

1.00

(a 1 .50

Cabbage, Danish seed, red,

ton . 25.00

Danish seed, white . 10.00

Domestic, ton . 6.00

Cauliflowers, L. I., bbl . 1.00

Onions, Conn., white, bbl . 5.00

Yellow and red . 2.50

State and W’n, bulk, 150 lbs.2.25

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00

Radishes, N. O., 100 bunches. . 2.00

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.00

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl . 50

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier. . 1.00
FARM CHEMICALS.
Ton to car lots.

Nitrate of soda . 48.00

Sulphate of ammonia . 04.00

Dried blood . 50.00

Kainit. . 9.75

Muriate of potash . 37.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. —
Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb. . —

@30 (K)
fa 1 2.00
@9.00
@4.00
@7.00
@3.00
fa 2.75
fa 1.25
@2.50
@ 1.25
@ 85
@4.00

<0 52.00
@70.00
fa 60.00
@ 1 1 .00
@44.00
@ 1 2.00

@ r

@

How To Clean Bkush Land. — “The Ken¬
tucky Way" and a “Long Island Farmer” are
not in it with Angora goats for clearing
land of brush and weeds. We got them to
do the job for nothing, and at the same
time they paid us more profit than any
stock we ever kept. As brush killers they
kill them dead, never to grow again, and
grass comes in of itself. As manure spread¬
ers they beat any machine ever made. We
cleared 80 acres of brush that one could not
get through with 150 Angora goats in three
years, so that it is as line pasture for cattle
and sheep as any we have. Anyone who has
a brush lot should write the United States
Department of Agriculture for Farmers' Bul¬
letin No. 137, “The Angora Goat.”

Cortland, N. Y. mki.kose stock farm.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal ” Fee guarantee, page 14.

*fThe Resist|e^Y|

Rex Stint

ROOFING

li t ’’

Resists
_ Fire

Samples
Sent Free

Make this Red»Hot Coal Test

Fire is generally spread by sparks,
embers and blazing brands, which
quickly set fire to shingle or tar roofs.
On Rex Flintkote they die out harm¬
lessly— try it for yourself and see.

.Rex Stinthote

Is Good Fire Insurance

It will slowly burn if lit on the
edge, but on the roof no
edges are exposed — only
the fire-proof surface.

It resists fire, rain,
rsnow,heat, cold and wear'
and is the perfect roofing for
barns, poultry houses, and farm
buildings of all kinds. . Any care¬
ful workman can lay it — complete
outfit and directions in every roll.

Our Handsome Booklet

sent with samples, also photos of Rex Flint¬
kote buildings of all kinds. Roofing questions
gladly answered. Beware of substitutes,
‘Look for the Boy," on every roll.

Send us your name to-day.

A. & W. BIRO A- CO.

67 India Street,

Boston, Mass.

AUCTION SALE!

I will sell at Gazley Farm, Accord, Ulster
Co., N. Y., at public auction, on Feb. 15, 1905,
nine head of pure bred, registered Holstein-Frie-
sian Cows, Heifers and Bull. Breeders should
not lose this opportunity to get some of the best
cows of the breed.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept D., Cortland, N. Y.

SEEDS

—Now write plainly to me the names
and full addresses of a number of
persons who buy Garden Seeds,
and I will carefully keep trace of them. and favor
them with lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh
tested. Northern-grown Seeds of all kinds, direct
from best reliable growers who won Gold Medals at
St. Louis Exhibition, and 1 will send to yon at end of
season five (5) per cent, of the total amount of their
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily
earned. Special terms for February.

F. \V. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio

Wholesale Grower and Importer

You want a medicine the doctors approve

Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral is not a simple cough syrup. It is a
strong medicine, a doctor’s medicine. It cures hard cases,
severe and desperate cases, chronic cases of asthma, pleurisy,
bronchitis, consumption. Ask your doctor about this. Lowell Mass.

Allay Bronchial Irritation and
effectively relieve Coughs and
Throat Troubles.

Imitations. ^9/u. d /&****'

WALL PAPERS

Save Your Money

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY

SAMPLE BOOKS FREE

for postal. Instructions how to deco¬
rate your home and hang your wall
paper.

We defy eompetition and guarantee
satisfaction.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER & SUPPLY CO.

275-289 Greene Street,
GKEENPOINT, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXCELSIOR

Spraying Outfits |

insure large yields of perfect fruit. Spraying is 5
not an experiment. It is a grand success. <
Excelsior Sprayers are the kind to buy. J

SAVE THE FRUIT f

from the ravages of disease and insect pesta 4
by the timely use of an Excelsior Sprayer. #
Endorsed by leading fruit growers in every J
section. Write for descriptive catalog. J

WILLIAM STAHL. Box 70 K.Quincy, III. |

UWMV\ ttuuu wwx-wx WMUV/

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Everything- Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel. Combined
hand and horse power. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE.

Thomas Feppler, Box 45, Hightstoivn, N. J.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning’ attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 plunger strokes
ooinpreflBeB air to spray %' acr«. We manu¬
facture the largest line In America of high
irrade band and power sprayers. Catalog froe.
Writ© us if you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.,

268 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

EVERGREEN AND ORNAMENTAL TREE!

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

Wholesale and Retail

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, WAUKEGAN, ILL.

Book SAY Free. Dr. P

cured to STAY CURED. No
. medicines needed afterwards
.Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y.

VIRGINIA FARMS
ft $5.°° PER ACRE

with improvements. Much land now being worked has
paid a profit greater than the purchase price the first
year. Long Summers, mild Winters. Best shipping
"facilities to great eastern markets at lowest rates,
Best church, school and social advantages. For list
of farms, excurs'on rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LaBAUME. Agr
and Ind. Agt. N. & W. Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

Cnn CAI C— Farm of 17 acres located on I). & R.
run OH Ll g. k. U. New Mexico. 1200 to 1600
Fruit trees— good house and out-buildings. Excel¬
lent climate for health seekers, especially favorable
for lungtroubleorasthma. Price $3, 500. Address
W. P. GOULD, Deming, New Mexico.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., H. Y.

OffO. P. HAMMOND. K8T. 1875. FRANK XV. GODWIN-

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO..

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds (A
COUNTRY l’UODlICE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Produots a Bpeolalty. Consignments solicited.
84 & 36 Little I2th St.. New York.

Oldest Commission Est.1838. Butter, cheese.

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed oalves, game, etc. Fruits.
HJ. B. WOODW ARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate In any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements aDd save you some mopey besides.

WJI. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn,

COD CA| C — One of the finest fruit farms in Nort.h-
rUn OnLL ern New York. 1U0 acres land, twelve
acres Pear orchard, three acres Ap le orchard, all In
Dearing; fine buildings, consisting of 11 -room house,
horse stable, cow barn with two silos, two large hay
barns, etc.; eight acres of hardwood timber, soil fer¬
tile, well underdrained. For particulars, inquire

SPENCER BROWNELL. Oswego, N. Y.

CHEAP Stock, Dairy, and Fruit Farms, in the Great
Fruit Belt of Western N. Y. Profits will pay
costs in H to 6 years. Stamp for full Information.
SHIPMAN’S AGENCY, Lewis Block, Buffalo, N. Y.

Largest Farm Agency in New York State.

P| HDin A ^rui* Farms, Garden Land, Orange
rLUnllin Groves, Furnisted Houses to rent.
Maps, etc., 6c.stamp. Box216, AVON PARK, Florida.

FARMS

For rich farming and fruit growing.
Write J. D. S. HANS©N, Hart, Mich.

Farms Wanted States." I can sell for cash.

IN all parts of the United
States. I can sell for cash.
Write" B. E. GOOliALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

MAPS, Reports.Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Beet
Markets. State Board of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

150 envelopes, 160 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit,$1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N.Y.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co ,118 West Water St., Syracuse, N Y.

ATTENTION

mmm

iHeaviest Fence Made, AllNo. 9 Steel Wire j
15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

lWc also sell direct to farmers at wholesale prices, j
\Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.
Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

ORNAMENTAL FENCE

at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &
MFG. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

LAMBS CALVES

Dressea Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products, Vege¬
tables, Fruits, Fancy Eggs, etc. Top prices secured
for choice goods. Write us what you have to offer.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray Street, New York.

COD DCCT possible results ship Apples. Sweet
rUlf ULO I Pot a ‘oes. Poultry, Eggs, Calves &
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN, 204 Duane St. New York.

— Need i n g m a le
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. HEKZ, Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York.

ninkip of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best,
DHlmO Cheapest. Strongest. 8,000 in 44 states. Book
for stamp. SUAWVKK BKOTHERS.Bellefoutaine.O

(I00-ACKK FARM. $6.000— SPLENDID BUILDINGS;
thousands of cords of wood and millions of feet of
timber; machine worked level fields; cuts 100 tons
hay; good orchard: overlooking lake; tools, etc., in¬
cluded, to settle estate quickly, for only $(!. 000; part
cash, easy terms; details and picture FREE, with
“Strout’s Special List.” illustrated, of 200 farm bar¬
gains in New England, New York, Delaware, Mary¬
land and the South. E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept. 42.
150 Nassau St., New York City, or Tremont Temple,
Boston.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 48- Hightstown, N. J.

IA/C DAVC0C A \AfCC¥ And expenses to men

Wt I AT pob A WllIx with rigs to Introduce

Poultry Compound. International Mfg. Co., ParHons, Kan.

Young Man Wanted,

familiar with orcharding, spraying, etc.,
for three (3) months pleasant work with
old reliable bouse. Address
INSECTICIDE CO., eare of Rural New-
Yorker, New York.

a ■ a j HITT ■%— We need a few more good rep-
Mf AN I H II resentatives in your town and
■ ■ ■ ■■■» vicinity, forthe sale of our high

grade nursery stock. No Cold Storage Stock Used.
Experience unnecessary. Position permanent. Large
sales now beinr* made. Li be nil terms. Apply 9A}*0*
ALLEN NURSERY CO«, Dept. A., Rochester, N. Y

FARM FOR SALE

l}4 Miles From City Hall

Nashua, New Hampshire

145 acres, well divided, no stones, best
of land, in fine productive condition,
good buildings; three (?) trout brooks
run through farm. Crosby Early corn
for seed lias been grown as main crop, on
contract. Well adapted also for com¬
mercial trout and poultry farm. Land
soon needed for residential purposes.
Sold to settle estate. For f ul 1 particulars,
address C. W. HOITT, Executor,

Nashua, New Hampshire

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

9i

The WAGON to BUY.

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS IToK

Your address ou a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to litany axle, to
carry any load. Straightorstaggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largeat manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wa
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 1 7 HAVANA. ILL

MAKE MONEY

pulling stumps, grubs.etc.,

~ _ ■ an(i clearing land for your-

' ' self and others, Hercules

’r Stump Fuller Ih the best#

Catalog I'REE. Hercules Mfg. Co., Dept, ps.Centerville.la.

Don’t Bind on Track

Can’t jump off, don’t break fork pulley,
trips easily—

Louden Hay Carrier

We make a specialty of Carriers, Steel
Track, Switches, Pulleys, Hay Rack Fix¬
tures, Feed and Litter Carriers. Flexible
Barn Door Hanger, best in the world. Send for
complete catalog of above uiuTotherhurdwurt
specialties. Mailed free.

, LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY,

39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

cal'! log,
FREE.

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery uj start or run. The original
ispeed-controlled friction-drivo Dynamo,
’'riven parallel with engino shaft. No
belts. No bovoled pulley or beveled
fly wlieol necossary. For (mike and
break and j mop-spark systoiu. Water
and dust proof. Fully Ousbastsko.
MOTSINQK.il DEVICE MFQ. CO.,

68 .Main Street, Pendleton, Ind.,U.S. A.

Tbls0£ows AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump. It can, however
be attached to any make, either horizontal
or vertioal. Wo furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

K. H. Deyo & Co.. Binghamton, N,Y-

The Wizard Engine

Is our latest improved 2 to 3 h. p.
engine — detachable water jacket
— jump spark ignition system
(same as in Oldsmobile) per¬
fect lubrication — 110 gaskets to
burn out.

Repairs Cost Practically Nothing

mammmmmammKam mmamtuma MHMOHMMMMi ■■■MHHi

The cheapest to buy and most eco¬
nomical to operate and
keep in order. Suitablefor
all kinds of work. Has
pumping jack outfit and 11
direct connected pump.

Cet our prices and
Catalogue of 2 to 1 0U
h. p. Olds Engines.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

27 Chestnut St. Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents; It. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N. Y.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

In one mail last week we received 200
subscription orders with remittances; of
these five remitters had neglected to sign
name or address. This is a larger pro¬
portion than usual ; but there is more or
less of tiiis right along during the year.
Of course we have no way of knowing
who sent the money unless we receive a
complaint from the sender, and some of
the most vigorous complaints we receive
come from people who make these mis¬
takes. Still, we do not mind the com¬
plaint, even when it comes with force be¬
hind it. Some of the senders never write
us at all, and probably conclude that we
were after their money and nothing else.
It is these people that we are most anx¬
ious about. If old subscribers should
hear of any of these disappointed sub¬
scribers, they will confer a great favor
by advising them to write about their
failure to get the paper.

There is a sentiment in this letter from
the Southwest that touches a sensi¬
tive chord, Here is a bond of sympathy
and interest that stretches from the At¬
lantic to the Pacific :

I would not fhink of being without The
R. N,-Y. ; it is' like an old friend. We feel
that we know you all, and that you are in¬
terested in our work, as we certainly are in
yours. There is no paper In the same class
with The It. N.-Y. It is head and shoulders
above them all. “Apple Growing in Oregon-’
would be worth thousands to our farm¬
ers here if they could read it. We can
raise as good apples as anyone can, but the
worms spoil over 50 per cent, just because
farmers here don’t think spraying will save
them. This is the only pest we have, or the
only drawback to apple growing here.

Aztec, N. Mex. a. p. a.

Here are some extracts from recent
letters which accompany renewal of sub¬
scriptions. We are frank to say that the
thousands of letters like these which we
receive from every section of the country
please us very much :

I take pleasure in acknowledging the re¬
ceipt of “The Business Hen,” and am very
grateful for it, for I have learned a good
many points from it already. ji. w.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

I think The R. N.-Y. and “The Business
lien” a good combination, there being no
waste matter; it will bo all dlgeslible,

Bethalto, |li, j.

Thanks for your reminder of the expiration
of my subscription to The R. N.-Y. Un¬
closed find $1 to pay for same; also please
send me a copy of “The Business lien." I
enjoy The It. N.-Y, very much, and think It
superior to any oilier farm paper I know of.
Success to your work. e. i,. m.

Woodhull, N. Y.

I am much pleased with the spirit of uni¬
versal co-operation manifested by your paper.
There should he more of it In the world.

E. Pittsburg, I’a. a. c.

Enclosed find .$1 for The It. N.-Y. for one
year; also send “The Business Hen,” as we
will need her soon, f was thinking of (put¬
ting you. but after sending for a sample copy
of nil other agricultural papers I could think
of I concluded I could not get along without
The It. N.-Y. ,r. a. b.

Jackson, Mo.

Enclosed fin'd $1 for renewal of my sub¬
scription to The R. N.-Y. Also please send
me “The Business lien.” If the farmers all
got as much value for every dollar they spend
as they get from their subscription lo The
R. N.-Y'. they would all lie rich. Thank you.
Shawnee, Okla. B. jr

To introduce The R. N.-Y. to new read¬
ers we send it 10 weeks for 10 cents. Our
old friends are helping greatly in this
work. Can't you send one?

A Graphophone Swindle. — The Atchison
Globe, which says a good many wise things,
remarks that there are farmers all over the
country who would save money if they for¬
got how to write. It doesn’t make much dif¬
ference how often they have been caught
on such things as lightning rod contracts
which turn up as promissory notes, they will
attach their names to meet any kind of a
document which an agent presents. Recently
a lot of the most intelligent farmers in the
vicinity of Delphos attached their names to
contracts for graphophones. A smart agent
went to their houses and played a few tunes
on the machine. The women folks were in¬
variably delighted, and urged their husbands
to buy it. In the end they signed contracts
which they supposed would bring them a
graphophone and twenty records for the sum
of $7. After the machines had been de¬
livered the contracts turned up in a local
bank in the form of promissory notes in
which the buyers promised to pay $7 for
the machine and $15 each for twenty re¬
cords, or $307 in all.

1 [»S«]HOMAS A. EDISON, the in-
ventor, in mapping out the

Jf jl problems of the future, gives

St (a ■ ) iV P^ace to the necessity of

fighting the bacteria which
give us our diseases. Next
tHT to the actual bacteria of dis¬
ease, the mosquitos and flies
are the most dangerous enemies of man.
The mosquito with its bite injects into our
veins malaria, yellow fever, and other fatal
troubles. The fly, with spongy feet, collects
the invisible germs of diseases, spreads
them over our food and poisons us with
typhoid, cholera and other plagues of the
human race.

Dr. Pierce, the eminent physician of Buf¬
falo, N. Y., says, "If each person will con¬
sider his sy tern as an army of men which
he controls as a general, and will see to its
proper provisioning and that it has plenty
of ammunition in the shape of good red
blood, he will be able to overcome the
enemy in these germs of disease.” Every
healthy man has five million red blood
corpuscles to every square millimeter of
blood. The best tonic for increasing the red
blood corpuscles and building up healthy
tissue is no doubt Dr. Pierce’s Golden Med¬
ical Discovery. This medicine has been on
the market for over a third of a century
and numbers its cures by the thousand.

Many popular patent medicines or tonics
are made up largely of alcohol and will
shrink the corpuscles of the blood and
make them weaker for resistance. What
is needed is an alterative extract, like Dr.
Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery, made
of roots and herbs, without the use of alco¬
hol, that will '■ssist the stomach in assimi¬
lating or taking from the food such ele¬
ments as are required for the blood, also an
alterative iat will assist the activity of the
liver and cause it to throw off the poisons
in the blood. When we have accomplished
this we have put the system in a fortified
condition so strong that it can repel the
germs of disease which we find every¬
where — in the street-cars, the shops, the
factories, the bedrooms, wherever many
people congregate, or where sunlight and
good air do not penetrate.

Accept no substitute for "Golden Medical
Discovery,” There is nothing "just as
good ” for diseases of the stomach, blood
and lungs.

Neglected constipation means headache,
heart-burn, sour stomach, foul taste in the
mouth, biliousness, pimples, and palpita¬
tion of the heart. Constipation is promptly
cured by Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets. One
for mild cases, otherwise two.

Brooks’ Sure Cure

Brooks’ Appliance. New
discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxions springs or pads.
Automatic Air Cushions.
Binds and draws the broken
parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves.
No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able. cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box

FOR

965, MARSHALL, MICH.

No agent’s
profits to pay.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

^6/1 For a Hot Water,

Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
S3 for 50-chick brooder. Only $7.50
for complete outfit. 30 days’
trial. Send for FREE catalogue.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 33. Springfield, Ohio.

$ I <S.80 For
I 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, Ill.

THE “GEM” MONEY MAKER

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live
chickens too— that live and grow
into money. Our cataloguo tells of
“Gein” features no other Incubator
has. Write for copy — it is free.

GEM INCUBATOR CO.

Box 484_ Dayton, Ohio

EASY and SURE PROFITS

...FROM THE...

Iowa ROUND Incubator.

Simple to operate. Cheapest in
fuel. Perfect heat regulation.
Largent per cent hatches. Healthier
chicks. Thousands testify to the
hatching Qualities of these machines.

“No Cold Corner**’ Descriptive catalog FREE for asking.

IOWA INCUBATOR CO., 291 Locust St., Des Moines, Iowa

The AC Incubators

™ U Kill A5 & Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. H y Send 'p*
Send for free catalogue. V for “

SANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER. INDIANA. FraeCatalog

GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE

of Standard bred poultry for 1905, printed in colors,
Hue rhrumo, suitable for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. Gives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lice, etc. This book only 10 cents.

B. H. CREIDER. RHEEMS. PA.

Feed Grinder

is the best which money can buy
for any kind of power from 2
to 4 or S-horse power, because
it grinds rapidly , making splen¬
did feed, table meal or graham
flour, has AMPLE CAPAC¬
ITY for 4 or S-horse powerif
properly speeded, and WILL
NOTCHOKE DOWN THE
LIGHTEST POWER. We make 26 sizes and
styles, all of equal merit but varying capacity, for
all kinds of power and for all kinds of grinding.
Send for free catalogue of Grinders, Cutters,
Huskers, Shelters, Wood Saws, Horse Powers,
Wind Mills, Farm Trucks, Seeders, etc.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, Ill-

The Hero

POULTRY CERTAINTY.

For several years thousands of enthusi¬
astic poultrymen the world over have said
of the Standard Cyphers Incubator, “You
can’t improve it.” But the Cyphers Incu¬
bator Co. believes in advancement, and for
1905 announces several important
improvements, especially in the
regulation. Its new improved
Thermostat and regulating device
is the highest type of scientific
self-adjustment, combined with
durability and practical working
value. You can’t, make it go
wrong. This, with other patent¬
ed, exclusive features enables the
company to give the strongest guarantee
ever placed on an incubator. At the same
time, owing to improved facilities, the com¬
pany is able to make a very radical reduc¬
tion in prices for 1905. A number of new
machines have been added to the com¬
pany s line, including two new special incu¬
bators at $6.50 and $10.00.

ir,5,?nd/o^"day for tlle new Cyphers cata-
ogue (228 pages, 8x11), describing not only
the Standard Cyphers Incubators and Brood¬
ers, but more than 60 articles all manufac¬
tured by the Cyphers Incubator Co, and
guaranteed, every one a real help to big¬
ger poultry profits. The book contains more
than 4;j0 illustrations and special chapters
by experts on profitable poultry keeping
Address nearest office and mention this
paper. Cyphers Incubator Co., Buffalo
N- Y. Boston, Mass., New York, N. Y chi.
cago. 111., Kansas City, Mo., or San Francisco, Cal.

MANKS LATEST BME CUTTER

GET

fetches eggs all winter. Sent on

TEN DAYS’ FREE TRIAL,

No pay until you proveit cuts easier
and faster than any other. Isn’t
that the fairest ofTer? Catalogue free. I

F. W. MANN CO.,

Box 15 Milford, Mass.

GLOBE INCUBATORS.

Hatch chickens. No experience necessary.
Our lar«c 200 page Illustrated Catalogue of
Incubators and Brooders and Poultry Infor-
inailcd free. Address,

C. G. SHOEMAKER.

Box 1030, Freeport, Ills,

fcellH how to make money

—How to raise young chicks

for early springinarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on ducks. OHow to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about incuba-
rs and brooders from a firm
lio have been in business since
67, and who know how to make
tisfactory machines? Write us
or the book today. It is free.

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, Ill.

BEST OF ALL

That’s what users say about the groat

PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders

Our illustrated catalog tells why
they are best. It’s free. Write.

l’ralrle State Incubator Co.,
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

A Free Book About

Incubators

"We issue the best book ever written on
incubators — written by a man who has
spent 28 years in perfecting them— by the
man who made the Racine. It tells facts
that you must know to get the right incu¬
bator. Don’t buy without reading it. for
the book is free. We Pay the Freight.
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 . Racine, Wis.

Warehouses : Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

Experience.

I put all I knew after making 50,000
other machines into my pay-for-itselt

OLD TRUSTY
INCUBATOR.

It got to the front in a year. Every one sold doing
what I made them to do. They ’re working forme.
Redwood, cold rolled sheet copper, safety lamp,
automatic regulator. Every one goes out with

40 Days Free Trial and 6 Years Guarantee.

Write for my FREE Catalog and Advice Book, 300 poul¬
try illustrations.

M. M. JOHNSON CO., Clay Center. Neb.

EGGS IN PLENTY

HARVEY’S CUT CLOVER HAY^

Makes eggs plentiful because it supplies
the hens with plenty of egg-forming food.

It makes dollars for the poultry men.

Catalogue of full lino poultry supplies free. n i

11 A It Y EY 8EEI) CO Klllcott St. buffalo

i i 1 1 i »ti'iA

It will pay you to use

“SUCCESS” POULTRY FOOD

Wo have given it 5 years’ trial, and guarantee
every sack satisfactory. This Food contains Clover,
Meat and Linseed Meal, thoroughly mixed with
Com. Wheat and Oats ground; putin 1001b. sacks
at $1.75; 5 sacks, $8, 10 sacks, $15. Special offer for
two weeks: 100 lbs. Food and 100 lbs. OysterShells,
$2. Send us a trial order to-day.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

FOUL I R YmhfeTn the j
^ POUL i RY LINE — Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
i bators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — J
)it’s cur business. Call or let us send you!
Sour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the!
tasking— it's worth having.

> Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co..<

-J Dept. B • 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. {

QQQQQQQQQQOOQQQQQQQQQQQQQi

92

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 4, 1005.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

/UWHOLE8ALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In nse 61 yearn. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

£5to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID.
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VescySt. ,New York.

“ Sleep with the window
open

w

This latest hygienic advice and the
“ purity of night air ” are now much
talked of. Whether correct or not, the
advice can be safely, comfortably fol¬
lowed where the house is warmed with

Radiators

DEAL

Boilers

msss

Buildings are not commonly so tightly built as to
keep out all the air needed tor the occupants. Our
way of heating, how-
ever, surely changes
the air by ventilation
as many times per
hour as is necessary
to meet the health re- A
quirements of the f ,
occupants of a home, TJ
office, school, church,
etc. The air is kept ('
uniformly warm and \
draughts are pre- •
vented. No drudgery, J
— no ashes, dirt or f
coal gases throughout
the house.

Our booklet, “ Heat- 1
ing Investments Suc¬
cessful” is worth

reading, whether your nroke^f”f n^ect-l ndirect
house is OLD or new, or ventilating radiator, showing
SMALL or large, fresh-air supply coming from out-
farm or city. side.

WHALEBONE OFFER

Our 1905 Model

Sold under a positive 2 Year Guarantee

j on One Full Month’s Free Trial

Buy Whalebone Buggies for
wear and style. Highest qual¬
ity, lowest price. Elegant in
design and best in America.
Send for unparalled offer.
FREE Catalogue shows

1_ _ , , _ ’ vehicles for every purpose.

THE WHALEBONE CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.
Cincinnati, Ohio. Ask tor Wholesale Catalogue ATI

davc $30

° e ordinary way of buying
n? 1 cost, with his com-

more than if bought from our factory.

from a dealer this buggy
mission added, from SIS

® >v Ynail dVrect* toThe customer, "saving all middlemen or dealers’ profits to the
In every case we guarantee satisfaction or refund purchase price, and
freight both ways. Write for free illustrated catalogue.

•3UE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS GO., Columbus, Ohio.

|\g,2are

years selling direct

. - . - c__, - - and harness in

ai v. the largest manufacturers of vehicles
the world selling to consumers exclusively.

WE HAVE NO AGENTS

but ship anywhere for examination
and approval, guaranteeing safe
delivery. You are out nothing
not satisfied as to
style, quality and
price. W e make 200
styles of vehicles
and 65 styles of har¬
ness.

I No 719. Bike Gear Driving Wagon with
% inch rubber tires. Price complete
$56. As good as sells for $30 more.

Elkhart

Our large Catalogue is
FREE. Send for it.

Carriage <3b Harness Mfg. Co.

No. 326. Extension Top Surrey. Price complete
$78. As good as sells tor$25 more.

Elkhart, Indiana.

E E D iiinCE E D
r R flnu O

BE SURE TO
GET THE GENUINE

FREE FOR A NAME.

Our Self Catch Barn Door Holder (worth 25c
each) avoids accidents, saves time and annoyance.
If your dealer does not handle theCyclone Seeder
send us his name and we will give you 2 Holders
absolutely free with an order for one latest im¬
proved Cyclone Seeder at only $1.65 Ex. prepaid.

_ _ OWERh,,unJAVER

Any seed worth sowing is worth saving, especially
high priced seeds like clover, etc. The old reliable

/CLONE SEEDER (WSK?)

the best sower of its kind, but it is the greatest seed saver. Its
superior feed agitating device insures a perfect flow and uni¬
form distribution of every variety of farm seed.

mPVPI nUC in sowing %. bu.

blu LU n U clover, gives a
better stand than a full bushel seed¬
ed any other way and the peck of
seed saved pays for the Seeder. It
is fully guaranteed and sent
on trial. The Cyclone is
an old time-tested sower
with latest improvements and it
sellsatfrom 1 2 to $2.50 eachV;
according to locality. If your
dealer does not handle the ,

Cyclone send us $1.65 and we
wili send you one by express,
lie '

Circulars free,

all charges paid. Your money back if not satisfied.

THE CYCLONE SEEDER CO., Box 10, URBANA, IND.

J . S . KEMP'S

20CENTURY MANURE SPREADER

THE FARMER’S MONEY MAKER

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, aie
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog No A-7. Writeforit. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company

Newark Valley, N. Y. Waterloo, Iowa.

Going to Bale Hay?

Spencer’s Alligator Box Hay and Straw
Press is guaranteed to have a capacity of 3
tons in 10 hours greater than any other press,
using same help. Is not this Press cheaper
at its price than another kind as a gift?
Catalog free. In writing name this paper.

J. A. SPENCER

Dwight, • Illinois.

Kalamazoo

WE have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers. Stockmen, Grange and Farmer’s Clubs, and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every neighborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

IN HOUSE
AND BARN

RUNNING WATER

The Niagara Hydraulic Ram

Is a complete success where the
windmill is impossible: the gas¬
oline engine impracticable. If
you have a running stream
within a mile, we will under¬
take to put water where you
want it.

In use by U. 8. Government.

Our catalogue Is free, and tells
you how to do it.

Niagara Hydraulic Engine CoM P. 0. Box 78, Chester, Pa.

5AW MILL MACHINERY

You have only to inves¬
tigate the merits of

American Saw Mills

to be convinced of their eu-
perlorltv. Factory right at
the doors of Iron, coal and stoel production. Lowest freight rates.
Prices j ust right too. Five sites portablo saw mills. Edgers, trimmers,
shingle machines, lath mills, cord wood, out-off and rip saws, steam
and gasoline engines, feed mills. Supplies of every description* Free
catalogue. Ask for It. Describes everything In detalL

AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO.

610 Engineering Bldg. New York City.

Investigate the” Monarch”
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
struction, Added Con¬
veniences, Maximum
Capacity and Results.
Catalogue free.

MONARCH MACHINERY COMPANY,
41 Cortlandt Street, New York.

CIDER

PRESSES.

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three great pursuits have
again shown wonderful re¬
sults on the

FREE

HOMESTEAD LANDS

or

WESTERN
CANADA

Magnificent Climate— Fnrmors plowing
in their shirt sleeves in the middle of
November. “All ure bound to be more
than pleased with the final results of
the past season’s harvests.”— Extraet.
Coni, wood, water, hay in abundance —
schools, churches markets convenient.
Tins is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawu, Can-, or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Buggy Wheels, Steal Tiro on, .

With Rubber Tires, $15.00* I mfg. wheels % to 4 in.
tread. Top Buggies, $23.75 ; Harness, $3.60. Write for
catalog. Learn how to buy direct. Repair Wheels $3.60.
W agon Umbrella FBKE.\V «R,BOOB| Cincinnati, 0#

FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED Jan. 11, 1905, by the Vermont

Maple Sugarmakers’ Association. Users of Champion Evaporators
were also awarded the first premium on maple sugar. The Grimm
Spout produces more an i better sap. Learn the Grimm System.
Circular “ G ” tells it all. It and sample Spout free. Save your
trees and increase your income. One-fourth more sap guaranteed.
Fact- ries at Rutland, Vermont, Montreal, Canada and Hudson, Ohio
Address G. II. GRIUM, Rutland, Vt.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Rush and Rog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep. Will plow a
new cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the
land true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day.

Rev. Disk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to lOin. deep. 14 In wide.

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock.hard-
hack, sunflower, milkweed, thistle, '
any foul plant.

CUTAWAY

Hlgganum, Conn.* U.

SYRACUSE

Reversible Sulky Plow.

For both hillside and'level land plowing. Perfect work*
avoidng ridges and dead furrows. Steel moldboards
and strips, chilled or steel shares. With automatic,
adjustable pole, operator regulates width of furrow,
plows around curves and avoids side strain on horses.
Beam, landside, wheel and pole always in line, no side
draft. With Power Lift, making it easy for the boy to
handle. If your dealer hasn’t it, write us. Catalogue free.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

DcIjOACH T’iLT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta.Ga-

I San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 1 0 W. Washington St., CHICACO. 240-244 7«h Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8»h Sb,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 210 10th St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.
1 T ’ ’ PLEASE MENTION TUIS PAPER.

SIZES

3 to 1 Z'/z feet

Agents

Wanteda

n$ Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast

Vol. LXIV . No. 2872. NEW YORK FEBRUARY 11, 1905.

IVORK AND WAGES IN CALIFORNIA.

Is it easy to get a job in the orchards a'nd groves of Cali¬
fornia? What pay do the fruit growers give to the pickers
by the day? How much do (he fruit pickers get a pound or
box or tray if they work by piece work? IIow long do the
fruit pickers work a day? If you advise me not to go to
California to work, why not? Is it safe enough to live in
tents? Are any insects on the fruit and orange trees poison¬
ous? Are rattlesnakes and poisonous and non-poisonous
snakes numerous in California? Do they, the insects and
ants, go in the tents often? header.

Thirty-one years ago last October our family, con¬
sisting of father, mother and 11 children emigrated
from Minneapolis, Minn., to San Jose, California. We
were duly warned by friends, who had read of the
terrors of this State, of the dangers that we would en¬
counter, such as earthquakes, grizzly bears, rattlesnakes,
centipedes, scorpions, tarantulas and numerous other
things dangerous to life and limb. With these warn¬
ings in mind, we were at first a little
timid about venturing too far into
the country or mountains, and fully
expected to see snakes, at least, al¬
most anywhere, but up to the present
time we have looked in vain for griz¬
zlies, rattlesnakes, centipedes or scor¬
pions, except in cages at the parks or
shows.

Earthquakes we have felt perhaps
once a year, and have come to welcome
them as interesting occurrences which
provide material for conversation other
than the usual remark about the wea¬
ther. These trembles are not infre¬
quent, but it is only when all is quiet
at night that they are noticeable,
and the usual question the next morn¬
ing is "‘Did you feel the shake last
night?” However, about a year ago
an unusually severe shake cracked a
good many chimneys in this section,
and by stopping clocks, spilling milk
out of pans, upsetting vases and other
unstable articles, made things lively for
a time in the middle of the night. As
I remember, it was not nearly so
rude an awakening as T often experi¬
enced when a boy and inclined to over¬
sleep. Tarantulas are quite plentiful,
and are, of course, poisonous, but I
have never heard of any serious con¬
sequences from tarantula bites, al¬
though two of my children have been
bitten.

FRUIT PICKING. — This work is
usually done by the day, except picking prunes, which
are picked from the ground, and are paid for by the ton
or box, according to the agreement. I he average wages
paid for day work are $1 per day and board, or $1.50
per day without board. A day’s work is 10 hours.
Prune picking ranges from $1.75 to $3.50 per ton, accord¬
ing to size of fruit and crop. I he fruit picking season,
when extra help is needed, begins about June 1, when
cherries are ripe in shipping quantities; then follow apri¬
cots, peaches, prunes, pears and apples, with other minor
varieties in their season, up to November. Active, intel¬
ligent men, quick to learn and do, make a reputation
during the fruit picking season which usually enables
them to get work the rest of the year at general work
on the ranch. I hat is, the fruit grower selects the best
men from the help that he employs during fruit season,
and lets the poorer ones go. As to capital required on
arrival, so much depends on the season and the energy
of the man behind the capital that no stakes can be set
to guide prospective newcomers.

LIVING TN TENTS. — Tt is not only safe and prac¬
ticable to live in tents in California, but exceedingly

pleasant from April to November, as no rain of any
amount falls during that season. By preparing for rain
with a good canvas top and board door the rainy season
may also be passed very comfortably in a tent. Men
with families are often enabled to get employment in
the outlying districts if prepared to take care of them¬
selves and camping near the ranch where the work is.
New trolley lines have been built the past year, and
others are now building, which add much to the conven¬
ience of workers in the country, enabling them to get
supplies from the numerous towns in the valley, and also
to attend church if they wish. h. g. keesling.

Santa Clara Co., Cal.

THE PARCELS POST IN FRANCE.

The parcels post system has been in operation in this
country for a number of years, and has always given

entire satisfaction to the public. It is a Government
monopoly like the post, telegraph and telephone systems.
Although the railways belong to large private com¬
panies, they are nevertheless under the dependence and
control of the State, which grants them concessions and
guarantees the payment of the interest of the funds in¬
vested in their construction and running in case of their
not yielding enough profits to ensure a dividend to the
shareholders. Moreover, all the railway companies will
go back to the State after a certain number of years.
I’he State has the supervision of all the tariffs on all the
lines, all the rates of freight having to be approved of
by the minister of public works before they can be
applied.

Under these conditions it has been easy to organize
a parcels post system in this country. All the railway
companies being under control of the Government, have
been compelled to accept contracts to carry small par¬
cels, the same as they are carrying the mails. Conse¬
quently we can send at reduced prices from any one
railway station or parcels post office in France to any
other station or office on French territory any parcel

weighing not more than 10 kilos, i. e., 22 pounds. The
price of transportation is the same for each class of
parcels no matter what the distance is, nor how many
different railway companies the parcels have to be car¬
ried by before reaching their destination.

We have three classes of parcels, as follows: Up to
three kilos, about pounds, .6 franc, or about 12
cents; from three to five kilos, from (5 /> to 11 pounds,
.s franc. Hi cents; from five to 10 kilos, from 11
to 22 pounds, 1.25 franc, 25 cents. For five cents extra
all parcels are delivered at the consignee’s residence in
all the places where railway companies make freight and
express deliveries.

< )ur system gives entire satisfaction to the majority
of the people, the large concerns established in Paris and
other cities sending out daily thousands of post parcels
to the inhabitants of the country. On the other side, the
country people ship the product of their
farms, poultry, eggs, butter, vegetables,
direct to the consumer, saving in both
cases the profit of the middleman,
lake, for instance, a customer of
mine living in Marseilles, over 800
miles away from here, wanting 100
kilos of goods for immediate shipment.
I will make 10 parcels of 10 kilos each
and send them by parcels post for $2.50,
and he will receive them in two or
three days. Were I to ship these 100
kilos by fast freight it would cost about
$0; by ordinary freight the expense
would only be $1, but it would take
the goods about 15 days to reach their
destination.

In the United States, the railways
being all owned by private and inde¬
pendent companies, I can see only one
way of establishing a parcels post sys¬
tem on the principle of ours : The
Government having already contracts
with the railroad companies for the
transportation of the mails, why should
it not extend its contracts to the trans¬
portation of parcels, and since a letter
can be carried from any place in the
States to any other point for two cents,
why could not a parcel be carried in
the same way at a rate corresponding
with its weight? This is only a matter
of understanding between the Govern¬
ment and the different transportation
companies. I may add that outside of
our inland system, our Government has
made arrangements with all the other countries and col¬
onies of the world, the United States excepted, and we
can at any time send a parcel to Canada, China or Aus¬
tralia, with no more trouble than we would have for
mailing a letter to these different countries.

France. Raphael barbe.

SOME CLOVER EXPERIMENTS.

About a year ago we inquired through The R. N.-Y.
as to the advisability of sowing clover seed on an old
meadow where the Timothy was very thin. The con¬
sensus of opinion from a number of prominent farmers
was that it would not pay, but that it would be better
to plow and reseed by the usual methods. As an exper¬
iment, however, we sowed one “through” across one side
of the field. The result was a fine stand of clover when
we plowed the field for wheat after harvest. The result
may have been due to the peculiar season, as this was
a clover season throughout Ohio. Clover grew every¬
where. We have one field on which clover has not been
sown for several years, and which we had intended to
plow for corn this year, but there is such a fine stand of

94

February 11,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

young clover of last year's growing that we are tempted
to leave it for mowing.

Another field seeded to rye and 1 imothy in the ball
of 1902, and on which clover was sown the following
Spring, was sown last Spring, with excellent results.
After the Timothy had got well started, it was pastured
to check its growth and give the clover a chance with it.
After this the clover seemed to keep ahead of the I im¬
othy, and made a lot of excellent Fall pasture. We had,
however, the best results from a field sown to rye in
Fall of 1903 and clover last Spring. This was on a
field that, we were informed by those who had previously
farmed it, would give very disappointing results, and did
in the corn crop; 160 pounds of a high grade, complete,
animal matter fertilizer per acre was sown with the
rye, and some of the thinnest spots top-dressed with
fresh stable manure. The clover seed was sown toward
the last of March, and as soon as the rye was about
a foot high, cows and hogs were turned on the field
and pastured the rye off. 1 hey were taken off as soon
as the rye was cropped close enough, and the rye allowed
to head. When the grains were well hardened hogs
were turned in to harvest the rye and everything was
left on the field. The stand of clover is a surprise to
those who had farmed it previously, and is, in fact, as
good a stand of clover as we ever had, even under much
more favorable conditions. Nearly every farmer bas
some particular time which he thinks best for sowing
clover. One farmer of our acquaintance has great faith
in the “sign of the crab,” so the clover will crawl back
into the soil after being frozen up out of the soil in
the Spring. For ourselves we prefer to sow as soon
as the soil is in good condition, which to our notion is
just after a sharp freeze, when the soil is full of little
cracks, and there is prospect of a thaw to cover the seed
It is not always possible to catch a whole field in that
condition, especially where there is a variety of soils,
but when most of the field is in that condition we sow.
We like to sow early as possible, preferring rather to
run the risk of late freezing than from drought later in
the season, especially on our hill lands. We sow 10
pounds seed per acre, and think it pays better to sow
more rather than less amount, even at the present high
price of seed. If one has land that bas grown clover in
rotation for years, it may not be necessary to use so much
seed, but on land that bas not grown clover recently it
pays to use plenty of seed. o. e. c.

Licking Co., Ohio_ _

TOP-BUDDING TO MIX POLLEN.

1 have read of a method of top-budding or grafting one
variety into another to induce them to bear better because
of the mixing of pollen. Is there anything in it? I tried
it and failed. Perhaps I did not do it right. J. c.

Oak Grove, Mo.

There is something in the mixing of pollen to cause
better bearing with some varieties of fruit. Sometimes
a variety has an abundance of pollen, but it is not
potent upon its own flowers, although it may be potent
on the stigmas of others, and vice versa. There is a
case here and- there where the grafting or budding of
another variety on the top of a tree or on several trees
in a row may cause far better fruitfulness than with¬
out it, but this should be done with knowledge of
which varieties need it and those that will produce the
desired effect. The work may be done by grafting in
the ordinary way in early Spring, or by budding later
in the season, when the buds on the new growth are
well formed. Grafting is rarely done in the Summer,
but it can be done if the principles of the business and
practical work are well understood and performed.
All foliage must be removed from buds or scions in¬
serted, to prevent evaporation of the protoplasmic cells.
The stock and bud or scion must be in proper condi¬
tion; that is, with an abundance of albuminous matter
between the bark and wood, for by means of it the
vital union takes place. Air is usually excluded from
the wound made by waxing or binding with raffia
or some wide and strong material. H. e. van deman.

TWO PICTURES OF WATER SUPPLY.

BEFORE. — From the back door of a large house
comes a woman in a calico work dress. A scarf dan¬
gles from her head, but gives no protection. Drying
her sudsy hands on her apron as she goes, she swiftly
makes the slippery four rods between the house and
well. A frolicsome wind turns to a gale as she grasps
the frosty pump handle and, while she raises the water
supply for a family of a dozen people, searches the
marrow of her bones and turns her skirts into a flag
at half mast. During the course of a day the expedi¬
tion, exposure and exertion are repeated several times.
The cistern, although nearer, is also outside, and to
this, too, the woman makes frequent trips, and carries
some of the soft water upstairs for use in the bed¬
rooms. All the water used in the house must be car¬
ried out by the same power of human muscle that
brought it in. There being no drain, kitchen slops
are mostly heaved out from the vantage ground of the
doorstep. As the Winter season advances the accumu¬
lations climb higher and higher on the mountain-like

formations at the back door. Baths are taken from a
bowl, and are indulged in as matters of conscience
rather than of comfort. The closet is another four rods
or more from the house, cold and airy, and often be¬
yond drifted banks of snow; a dread for half the year
and a menace to health for the other half. There is
no available surcease from drought for the parched
lawn and garden in midsummer.

AFTER. — A windmill now raises the water from the
well, Eig. 40. A steel derrick supports a 15-barrel

WATER SUPPLY FOR TIIE HOME. Fig. 40.

tank, furnishing power to force water to be tapped at
faucets in the kitchen and basement and for flushing
the closet on the second floor. The tank and pipes
leading to and from it are surrounded by an air space,
encased by boxing filled with asbestos, or “mineral
wool.” (Fig. 41.) The pump itself is enclosed by a
well house that promises all the uses of a milk room
in case of need of one. In the coldest weather of last
Winter this furnished protection from frost. The over¬
head tank also supplies power for sprinkling the lawn
and hotbeds and for washing porches and buggies.
By the use of a pair of triangles and a shaft, the wind
also works the pump in the basement, drawing the
water from either or both of two cisterns and forces
it to a tank in the attic, when this is not kept supplied
by rains from the roof. An overflow pipe allows the
attic tank to discharge into the cisterns in case of
heavy rains. From the house tank soft water descends
by pipes and is tapped at faucets in the bathroom on the
second floor, and in the kitchen and basement. One
pipe runs to the furnace and returns with hot water
also to all three places. In addition, the rain and well
water supply pipes are connected with each other by a
short pipe with a gate valve, by means of which either
kind of water may be introduced into all pipes in case
of a drought or breakage at the pump. The water in
the cistern is kept pure and sweet by a lengthened
intake pipe curving upward near the bottom of the
cistern. (Fig. 41.) This forces fresh water laden
with air through the body of the water and prevents
the horrible stagnant odors quite common to cisterns.

THE SEWAGE QUESTION.— Thus is solved the
problem of the farm home supply so far as bringing
it into the house is concerned. But every woman knows
there is another side, that of getting the waste water
out, that taxes her strength and time almo t as much.
In the instance in hand the instructions of Bulletin
No. 43, from the Department of Agriculture at Wash-

CI. STERN FOR A FARMHOUSE. Fig. 41.

ington, were followed, and a sewerage system is in use
that works admirably. By this system the cesspool may
be near or distant from the house, as it is entirely
closed. It is watertight, with a brick partition and an;
automatic flush. It can be built by any mason or in¬
genious man who will follow instructions. Idle liquid
overflow drains off clear into an open ditch, where
nature restores it in her chemical laboratory for other
uses.

CONCLUSIONS. — Water is as easily forced into a
house for the family as into a barn for stock. But
the thought of it must go first, and there’s often the
rub. Betterments rarely come until we first think of

them, and look for ways to make them real. A tank
placed inside under the eaves may be made to furnish
part of the house water supply, instead of having it
brought in in a pail; and a soap-box, lined with zinc,
with a piece of gaspipe driven in the bottom and run¬
ning to an open drain over sun-exposed soil, is a vast
improvement over the practice of throw-from-the-back-
stoop process. Moreover, either costs less when the
doctor’s bills are paid. These strength-savers and com¬
forts, in varying degrees, may even be put in the old
house. There is no necessity to wait for the new.
Hold firm to the idea of them in some form. Search
farm building bulletins, house plans in magazines and
papers, invent, consult, and adapt. Desire in most
cases, leads to design, and design and determination to
doing. _ J-

FERTILIZING VALUE OF CLOVERS.

At the suggestion of some one at the Agricultural Col¬
lege of this State one of my neighbors, August 14 last,
sowed an acre each of Mammoth clover, Red clover,
Crimson clover and Winter vetch. Later in the season
(November 25) a square yard of each was measured,
roots and tops sent to the Agricultural College. Prof.
F. W. Robinson, the station chemist, reports as follows,
giving the per cent of fertilizing matter and weight of
dry matter. Money values per acre of fertilizing con¬
stituents found in the four crops: Mammoth clover:
Nitrogen, $13.35; phosphoric acid, GO cents; potash,
$2.18; total, $16.13; cost of seed, $2. Red clover: Ni¬
trogen, $17.27; phosphoric acid. 79 cents; potash, $6.50;
total, $24.56; cost of seed, $2. Crimson clover: Nitrogen,
$3.19; phosphoric acid, 19 cents; potash, $1.21; total,
$4.69; cost of seed, $1.25. Winter vetch: Nitrogen,
$36.75; phosphoric acid, $1.57; potash, $9.29; total,
$47.61 ; cost of seed, $6.50. These figures were given at a
meeting of the State Horticultural Society at Benton
Harbor, December 6, 7 and 8. What is the matter with
the Crimson clover? loraine ashman.

R. N.-Y. — We do not know what ailed that particular
sowing of Crimson clover. The crop does not do its
best on some soils. It is hard to obtain pure, fresh seed.
We have known it seeded in August, with a hot Fall
following, to go to head when a few inches tall and
stop growing. With us the Crimson has never given as
heavy a Fall growth as Red clover. It sprawls out and
covers the ground, but by December is usually behind
the others. It wakes up earlier in the Spring, and when
it has wintered well will rapidly outgrow other clovers
through April and early May. This is its chief value—
the ability to mature early in Spring and make stock
food, or to be turned under in time for a May-planted
crop. Make the same fertilizer estimates in May, and
if the Crimson has wintered well, we will guarantee that
it makes a better showing.

MAKING BUTTER AT HOME

1 have two cows and make butter. Some customers prefer
(lie store or creamery butter, because they say it is uniform
— the same all the time. How can I make my butter so it
will always be the same? Would you advise me to buy a
hand separator? header,

I think the greatest trouble is that one is apt to
neglect small matters and not give the proper care
at the proper time. I would buy a separator; some
people are always changing their business, and I
believe that a little “want” advertisement in The R.
N.-Y. would find a small second-hand separator at a
small cost. I had a good creamer, but found I could
make two-thirds of a pound more butter from each
hundred pounds of milk with the separator. I will
tell you how I make butter, and will say right here
that what applies to a lot of butter also applies to a
little, for a little neglected milk or cream will spoil just
as quickly as a lot of it. First, I aim to have my cows
freshen at different times all through the year. This
insures nearly an even amount of butter to supply
my customers, and the milk of the fresh cows makes
the butter churn quicker. Of course the barn and the
cows must be kept clean, and all milk utensils. My
milk is taken immediately to the separator, and the
cream is at once cooled to about 40 degrees. After
it is cooled it is mixed with the preceding cream, and
kept cool until I have enough for a churning. Then
it is warmed to 70 degrees, and allowed to ripen, after
which it is cooled to 60 or 62 and churned. When the
butter granules are the size of shot cold water is added
and the buttermilk drawn off. The butter is washed
until the water is nearly free from buttermilk. In cold
weather warm the last rinsing water sufficiently to
allow the butter granules to “gather” after the salt
is added. Add- salt to suit the taste of the customer,
close the churn and turn the handle until the salt is
thoroughly incorporated with the butter. Remove
butter from the churn and press out what moisture you
can and pack at once. I use five-pound crocks mostly
for my butter, for I think it keeps best in this way.
The way to learn almost anything is to see some one who
knows do the thing, and then try it yourself and let him
point out your mistakes. J. grant morse.

mo5.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

95

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.

1 see you favor enlarging the powers of the Inter¬
state Commerce Commission. Why not abolish the
Commission and let the railroads be taken and run
directly by the Government? What would be the prac¬
tical difference between an honest commission with
full powers to safeguard the interests of the people,
and government ownership and control? Under such
a commission what would there be “in it” to the rail¬
road companies anyhow? Why do by indirection what
can so much more economically and successfully be
done directly? Are railroads public highways or pri¬
vate property? That's the question. If they are pub¬
lic highways, it seems to me it is the duty of the
Government to own and operate them. If they are
private roads, private property, the Government has
no right to interfere with their business, to fix rates
and prices any more than it has to fix the prices of
the merchant, the manufacturer or the subscription
price of your paper. In such case the Interstate Com¬
merce Commission is an impertinence, an outrage on
their rights. Private ownership and control of rail¬
roads is for private profit, and is diametrically opposed
to public service and interest. These two forces are
inherently and eternally antagonistic. It is idle to
leave private interest in control and expect to regulate
them so as to attain the best and cheapest public service.
Low rates to the public and fat dividends to stock¬
holders; low operating expenses and high official sal¬
aries are incompatible. The Interstate Commerce Com¬
mission scheme, when it runs up against human nature,
as embodied in the cunning and greed of these powerful
corporations, is Idle and futile; its record is one of
failure. Such schemes in all history have been failures.
It seems to me it has nothing in theory, and certainly
nothing in achievement to recommend it to the enlight¬
ened observation and common sense of practical men.

Pennsylvania. richard w. stiffey.

R. N.-Y. — We do not believe that the Interstate
Commerce Commission has ever had a fair chance to
show what it can do. Before abolishing it we would
enlarge its powers and then give the Commission plan
a fair trial. The one great objection to Government
control of railroads and other public utilities is that the
people are not yet quite ready for it. It will be better
to have them come to it slowly as a matter of educa¬
tion. This will give a fairer chance to adjust business.
The railroad companies seem to us private corpora¬
tions doing a public business on public highways. The
statement made by Judge Knapp of the Interstate Com¬
mission seems to us clear enough along this line.

Until modern discovery utilized steam as a motive p,ower,
the ordinary public road was the sole means of communica¬
tion by land, the only pathway of internal commerce. Be¬
fore this new agency was brought into service, while the
old highways were yet exclusively employed, the right to
their common use was nowhere doubted or denied. The
transfer of land commerce to highways of steel, with the
substitution of steam and electricity for animal power, has
not impaired the nature of this right or diminished in the
least its inestimable value. On the contrary, there is no
pursuit or employment which is not now more dependent
than ever before upon the means provided for public trans¬
portation. The railroad is the principal highway. For
long-distance movement it has wholly supplanted the public
road, yet it performs on a much greater scale the same
governmental function and meets the same increasing and in¬
dispensable need. The right to just and equal charges for
railway service springs, therefore, from the nature and
necessities of social order. The railroads are an agency
of the State for discharging a public duty of the highest
utility. The right to use their facilities, like the right to the
common highway, is an inherent and inalienable right, the
very essence of which is equality.

AN EXPERIENCE WITH LIME ON ONIONS.

I took up farming more as a pastime than anything
else, believing that thorough business principles applied
to it would give me paying returns, and I have not been
disappointed yet. I looked over the field carefully for a
year, to see what crop 1 could make a specialty, and set¬
tled down on onions. In the Spring of 1896 I went at
it with the full intention of excelling in that line. I
made it my business from one year’s end to another to
study soils, fertilizers, seed, culture, in fact, everything
that pertained to raising a maximum crop of onions.
In the Fall of 1902 I had two acres of turf, which I had
bought three years before, and which had been in grass
since it came into my possession. No fertilizer had been
put on it. I made up my mind to plow it up, and the
next Spring put on onions. 1 set a man plowing it in
November. As I was following along behind him I no¬
ticed a great many white specks in the soil, which ap¬
peared to me to be lime. I thought no more about it
until 1 saw. the crop of onions on this piece the next
Fall, which was more than double what I had on any
other land. All had been treated alike as far as fer¬
tilizer and care were concerned. Here was certainly
food for thought, and it must have been something put
on the land before I bought it. I at once went to the
man I bought it from and asked him what he had put
on to the land before I bought it. His answer was
lime, and here commences mv first experience with lime.
I then investigated the lime question, and tb^ deeper I

got into it the stronger my belief was that although
lime was not in itself a fertilizer, it was just as essen¬
tial for plant food as nitrogen, phosphoric acid or potash.

Next come up the questions: What kind of lime do
I want? How much do I want per acre? How and
when is it to be put on? To all these questions I could
get no satis factory answers, as no farmer in my locality
had had any experience with the use of lime. There¬
fore my first point as a solution to all of the above ques¬
tions was: “What am I going to use lime for?’’ I found
if I used it at all it was because it furnished the im¬
portant constituent of plants, calcium, and because of
its relative ease of decomposition, and its valuable action

HOME IN TIIE NORTH CAROLINA BINES. FlG. 42.

upon and reaction with other soil constituents. It aids
in the decay of vegetable matter, and in the formation
of nitrates. It exerts a favorable physical effect upon
the soil ; its presence helps to separate the adhesive
particles of clay, and makes heavy soils loose and fria¬
ble, which permits the easy passage of water through
them. Lime also increases the absorbing and retaining
power of sandy soils, by causing the particles to adhere
more closely to each other, thus absorbing less heat
during the day and retaining more at night. Lime acts
powerfully upon and hastens the decay of organic mat¬
ter from both vegetable and animal sources, by virtue of
which the nitrogen becomes more quickly available to
plants. Lime further aids in liberating potash from
insoluble compounds in the soil, thus increasing the
store of active plant food ingredients. Surely if the
above reasons are true, no one can afford not to use
lime, and this brings me up to the point : How much
lime shall I use to the acre? In England they use
as much as six tons to the acre, but I would not advise
using more than one ton to the acre, once in three years,
on our New England soil. There is a great difference
in lime, and it can be bought at all prices from $1 up to
$6.20 per ton. I bought the very best quicklime I could
find, with a guaranteed analysis of 98 per cent pure lime.
Much of the lime has a large per cent of magnesia^in it,

SNOW WORK IN PENNSYLVANIA. Fig. 43.

which is not desirable for agricultural purposes. I
bought 35 tons in the Fall of 1903, carted it from rail¬
road right to the lots 1 wanted to put it on, dumped it
in heaps and slaked with water. After land was plowed
1 distributed evenly over the surface with a fertilizer
spreader, and then harrowed it in with an Acme harrow.
In the Spring of 1904 I sowed 15 acres of onions on
limed land. Onions looked fine all through the season
and a very much larger yield than I had ever raised on
same land. I would advise putting lime on land only
in the Fall, giving it a chance to get thoroughly incor¬
porated with the soil before seed is sown.

Massachusetts. E- n. foote.

FANCY BALDWIN APPLES IN FLORIDA .

The following note recently came from a reader in
Florida :

I send you by same mail a sample of “XXX Extra
Fancy Baldwin.” Fully half of the barrel is not much
better and this happens nine times out of ID. The cost
of them on an average comes to .$4.20 laid down here.
That kind of packing knocks out the card-in-sleeve
gambler, and besides an apple eating league we ought to
have an honesty league and — but the sample speaks for
itself. a. c. c.

The apples are pictured on our first page. They
look much better in a photograph than in the original.
The homeliest man may have his photograph touched
up so as to appear passable to some correspondent who
has never seen him! These apples were small, wormy
and well plastered with fungus. Billy Berkshire would
turn them over several times before eating them. They
were decidedly unfit for human consumption. To put
such stuff as this into a barrel and mark it “extra fancy”
is surely adding insult to injury. Our friend says this
happens nine times out of 10, and the same story is
told by other southern people-. The northern growers
say it is the southern dealer who repacks, while the
dealer says it is the northern grower who thinks he
can work off his cull stock in this way. Whoever is the
guilty one should be held up before the people as a
rogue. He is evidently past the point where he can in¬
jure his own character, but he cuts honest fruit growers
out of an excellent market.

A DEMAND FOR CHEAP WIRE.

I have dealt in wire fence for years, and I never heard
a farmer ask for better galvanizing; very few ask for
better wire than the common. When I did try to sell
the better most farmers thought I was putting the dif¬
ference in my pocket. There are some things sure; the
farmer will not get high-grade wire at the same price
as cheap fence; the manufacturer will not make it until
there is a considerable demand for it, and they made
cheap wire in response to the universal demand among
consumers for cheap goods. When they call for good
articles at a fair price they will get them. People have
found out that charcoal tinned sheets wear better than
steel tinned sheets; they cost more in the beginning, but
are much more economical in the end. “Pennywise and
pound foolish” has ruined many a man. If a number
of farmers really want some good fence why don’t they
get together and go to a reliable manufacturer and find
his price for wire with a definite quantity of spelter per
rod, as determined necessary for durability by an expert
or a chemist? Why cannot the Grange take hold of it?
Let a Grange hire an expert to oversee and the exper¬
iment station furnish the chemist. In this way a start
can be made. At any rate, the expert will know where
the fault is; whether in the wire or spelter. If the man¬
ufacturers find there is a demand for good fence you
may depend on their making it in quantities to suit, but
not at price of cheap wire. f. H.

Vermont. _

INFORMATION REGARDING EASTERN
FARM LANDS.

I have been greatly interested in the discussion of the
eastern farm problems appearing in your recent issues.
One of your correspondents, possibly more, inquired
about the sources of information regarding New Eng¬
land and New York farming communities. I should
like to call the attention of your readers to one source
for such information. I refer to the published maps
and reports of the Bureau of Soils, U. S. Department
of Agriculture: Westfield area, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.,
1901; Big Flats area, Chemung Co., N. Y., 1902; Lyons
area, Wayne Co., N. Y., 1902; Syracuse area, Onondaga
Co., N. Y., 1903; Long Island, N. Y. (in part), 1903.
To appear in the immediate future, Connecticut Valley
(Connecticut and Massachusetts), 1903. The separates
of these reports are distributed by the Representatives,
or as long as the supply lasts by the Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

In my own personal opinion, based on what I have
seen as a Soil Survey field man in five years’ experience,
the eastern and northeastern States offer many ex¬
cellent farming opportunities. These are not for ma¬
chine farming on the bonanza scale, nor for speculative
one-crop booming, but for good, substantial, patient,
general farming. A State which, like New York, pre¬
sents an area of 2,000 to 3,000 square miles of unre¬
claimed swamp, has not been exhausted so far as agri¬
cultural resources are concerned. So long as Orange
Co., California, can sell celery in New York City, there
will remain a chance for any man to engage in profitable
farming on what are now unsightly, dangerous and bar¬
ren marshes. Personally, I have seen many abandoned
houses, but few abandoned farms. In central New York
the best man in the nighborhood gets the “abandoned”
farm, usually at a low price. Somehow the soil and
climate improve after he has fenced in the place. He
can usually find labor enough, and frequently buys in
still more land. J- A- bonsteel.

Cornell University.

96

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

FARMERS’ CL US

T Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our' advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Charcoal as Fertilizer .

/., Snubb’e 8 id in;/, Del. — Is charcoal dust
or refuse of any value as a fertilizer? On
my farm at a railroad siding is a coalyard
and shed. Large quantities of charcoal
(burned from spruce pine wood) is hauled
here, dumped on the yard and shipped away
by rail ; it is all forked up, leaving the small
coal and dust and ashes as waste. There are
probably one hundred loads on the yard now,
Land sandy and light, good for truck and
fruit.

Ans. — Charcoal dust is of no value as a
fertilizer; that is, it contains no actual
plant food. It has, however, other values,
which in some cases make it worth using.
For instance, charcoal has a wonderful
power to absorb moisture or gases like

and fill up with water; this will show the
space that can be filled with sand and
concrete mixed. Then take this volume
and mix it one part cement to three of
sand, and you will have a Very safe con¬
crete. We must remember that complete
concrete Construction means that the
space shall all be filled so that a thin
Coating of cement shall be brought into
immediate contact with every particle of
sand, and over the surface of each piece
of stone or gravel. You can more ac¬
curately determine the cement require¬
ment by adding water to the sand, and
note how much is required to fill the
spaces. Ordinarily one to three will an¬
swer; sometimes it will require one to
two. For all kinds of surface work where
great wearing durability is needed al¬
ways use one part cement to two of sharp
sand. I had an experience last Fall that
may be of value, although not directly
applicable to this question. All of the
cement floor work that I had previously
done had the foundation laid of small
field stone filled in with sand and cement.

ammonia. Experiments have been tried in
covering the body of a dead animal like
a dog or cat with a heap of charcoal. At
the end of a few weeks it was found that
everything but the bones had been decom¬
posed without any odor whatever. The
charcoal simply absorbed the gases which
arose from the animal. Heated charcoal
is often thrown into wells or other places
to purify the water, which it does by ab¬
sorbing the foul odors. Charcoal there¬
fore is excellent to put in manure piles, or
to have in the stable. On light sandy
soils a fair dressing of charcoal will
darken the color of the soil, thus warm¬
ing it up and making it easier to work, and
quicker and earlier in the Spring. This,
of course, refers to charcoal, and not in
any degree to either bituminous or anthra¬
cite coal. Either of these will be injurious
to the soil in large quantities. Hogs and
chickens are very fond of charcoal. It is
well to keep some of it before them all the
time. If we had a chance to get the pure
charcoal you speak of we would haul all
we could get of it. Mix large quantities
of it through the manure, keep it before
the hogs constantly, and spread it eight to
10 loads to the acre over light, sandy soil,
working it in with a harrow or cultivator.
We should expect good effects from such
use, although you must understand that
this good effect does not come from the
plant food of the charcoal.

Short Talk About Concrete.

S. J., Steubenville, 0. — How many feet
of concrete properly mixed will one barrel
of Portland cement make? Limestone can be
had on my land for less than 25 cents per
yard quarried. Can you give me any idea as
to the cost of crushing the same fine enough
for concrete? Is the crushed limestone equal
to screened gravel for my purpose, house
building with molded building blocks?

Ans. — Crushed stone is better than
gravel for concrete construction on ac¬
count of the rough surface making for
more complete union between cement and
stone. For floor work either will do. The
concrete blocks that I have seen have
been made of sand and cement without
stone or gravel. I would hardly think a
finely finished block could be made if stone
were used. The surface of the block
would be decidedly rough. It would be
all right for foundation construction, but
here you would not need blocks. Forms
put up and filled in with a mixture of
Portland one part, sand three parts,
crushed stone eight parts, would do the
work as well as expensive blocks. The
cost of crushing stone will vary, depend¬
ing upon circumstances. If you wanted
only a few and had to get a crusher and
power, they would no doubt cost $2 a
yard for the labor. If you could drive
direct to a machine already set and at
work you could probably secure them for
50 cents per cubic yard, loaded in your
wagon, or at the most not over $1. There
is no definite rule for the amount of
wall that can be made from a barrel
of cement, for the reason that the ma¬
terial used is not always alike. The cor¬
rect manner of securing proper proportion .
is to take a given quantity of crushed stone

We put down a factory floor, using river
gravel instead of these small stones; find¬
ing at the conclusion of the job that we
had used nearly one-half more cement for
an equal area than we used with the
field stone foundation. I am willing to
say that for a concrete wall or floor upon
which heavy pressure is brought to bear
the gravel job would be best, but for all
kinds of flooring it is not superior. Of
course these small field stones are not
available everywhere, but where they are,
should be used. H, E. <e.

Spraying Clean ThkIcs. — Oh page 024 con¬
cerning trees having no 6cale, the editor
thinks yes, and from this answer one might
conclude that his experience has taught him
that spraying was fun. If so, I have missed
a lot, for my own spraying has been very
hard and trying work. I do not think that
spraying should be done on general principles
just because it is a good thing and a part of
good farm practice. To accomplish results
we must know just what is expected to accom¬
plish. To do this we must know what in¬
sects are causing damage, and what fungus
diseases are present or are in our neighbor¬
hood. Then we can go ahead with the work
intelligently, applying an arsenical for a leaf-
eating insect, kerosene emulsion for a sucking
insect, or the Bordeaux Mixture for various
fungous diseases. Simply to spray here and
there on general principles, is, in my opinion
at least, time and money wasted.

Chicago. HOWARD evarts weed.

ISENI) FO It our hand

I some catalog of Trees
I Shrubs, Roses, K
I greens, etc. We
Ideal direct. ?■

I agents. O u
prices are the
[ lowest.

Our Mr. M.
Wragg U I
an expert land¬
scape gardener,
and his services are
available for our cus-
->mers. M. J. Wragg I
Nura ry Co., soo Good)
Block, Dca Moines, Iowa.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

1,000 and up. Catalog Free.

R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Mich.

and
r'by,
and

Blk’by plants, Vigorous. Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. R. WESTON & CO

R. F. 1). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

5,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Of all leading varieties, new and standard. OurStock
of Plants is the best in the world. Price KM. 75
per M. Read what a customer says: ‘‘Received
the plants in good shape; they were the best I ever
bought. Your way of packing is good. Thanking
you for your liberal count of plants, I remain, your
customer, Jas. D. Clark, Mateer. Pa.”

We guarantee safe delivery and satisfaction.
Wholesale and Retail Illustrated Catalogue Free.
Write to-dav and save money. Address
W. S. PERDUE & SONS, Box 115, Parsonsburg, Md.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW

Standard Strai
Kas’by, Grape

1,000,000 CLIMAX

and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to
name. SeDd for price list and description.

JOHN W. GREEN, Bridgeville, Del.

THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY

Originated at Ottawa, Can. nowon the market for
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the
hardiest, most productive, and best all-round berry
in existence. The notes for 1904 from Central Ex
perimental Farm, Ottawa, are; *■ Very strong grower,
good crop, fruit large to very large, bright to deep
red. moderately firm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good
flavor, good to very good quality; promising from
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for
shipment. Yield from 12 plants, 60 baskets of fruit.”

For further information, write,

W. J. KERR. Nurseryman,

Renfrew, Ontario, Can.

Save Morey or Fruit Plahts

Strawberry Plants, $1,75 to $3 pm

All Kinds of Small Fruit Plants.

Seed Potatoes, $2.50 to $3 bbT.

Special prices on a quantity.

Satisfaction Guaranteed. Catalogue Free.

O. A. E. BALDWIN,

Oak Street, Bridgman, Mich.

NEW RED

Phenomenal Raspberry

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERRIES TO A PLANT
FOURTEEN MONTHS FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long r nd inches in
circumference; they will ship 1,000 miles easily.
Acres and acres are being plantea In California for
Canning Purposes, and the plants are in great
demand. Send for photograph, description and
prices of tip plants. Plants ready to ship from
January 15th to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO.,

L; Box 103, Loomis, California.

Right Road to Success

Straight Goods at Fair Prices Bought Direct

f

Fifty 1 iar« of Square Deal¬
ing entitles the dealer to the
consideration of all who buy
his sort of goods. Responsi¬
bility should always count.
Our specialty is, and has been,
selling direct to the planter,
who thus pays hut one profit.
We offer everything of the best
for

Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn,
Park, Street, Gardon
and Greenhouse

Rarest, New, Choicest, Old.

The Rest Always the Cheap¬
est. We 6end by mail, postpaid.

Seeds, Plants, Vines, Bulbs,

Roses, Shrubs and
Small Trees

and guarantee safe arrival and
satisfaction. Larger sent by ex¬
press or freight. A valuablel68-
page catalogue Free. Send for
It and see what values we give
for your money. Correspond¬
ence solicited. 61 Years. 44 Greenhouses. 1000 Acres,

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

Box 224 Painesville, Onto.

Strawberries [

The Mark Hanna

should be included in every or¬
der. A great n e w variety.

Strong growing . regular and
prolific bearer of excellent
large berries. We grow

All Varieties

and we want you to see what Harrison quality
plants means. None better grown, vigorous, well
rooted, sure bearers. Prove by sending us trial
order, any size. 1905 catalog ot' all fruits free.

Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29Berlin, Md.

FRUIT

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S HTJRSERIES, Perry, O.

Blackberries

All the best varieties. Plantssuperblyrooted and vigor- w_
ous. We suggest as a leader for every order the de- £)J
licious RATHBUN. Largest of all, a great bearer Y
aid oneofthemostvigorousand hardy. Easily firstchoire I
in the market on account of quality and appearance. It I
pays to plant Wood’s quality Strawberries, Raspberries, f
Currants, Gooseberries and Grapes. Send for catalogue.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Grower , Rochester, M, Y.

Berry Plants
all good kinds

Cat. free.

Over $2110 netted last year per
acre from Parson Beauty Straw¬
berries, also, from Miller Rasp¬
berry. We sell plants enough
of either sort for 1 acre for $15
8LAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del.

KFRUITBOOK

- shows in NATURAL COLORS and
, accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
"butiou to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Trjfs

Fruit T recs, Small Frnlts,Oroamcntnl Trees,
Evergreens nnd Shrubs, shade Trees, Hardy
Hoses, Hardy Plants, Climbers, etc. The
most complete collections in this country.
Gold Medal— Paris— Pan-American—

St. Louis. 102 prizes New York State
Fair, 1904.

Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue
FREE on Request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mt- Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.
Drawer iom l Established 6S Years.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000. to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 1905 Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

PFAPM TDCCQ A fullilneof varie-
rtHL/n i riELCj ties, new and old

apple trees,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FR KK descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightslown. N. J.

WE OFFER A FINE STOCK

of tho following trees and plants:

The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin.
Paragon; Ttidgley and Japan Chestnuts*
Caper shell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts,
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue.

SUMMIT NURSERIES, Monticello, Florida.

rTWO MILLION-t

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 10
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peacli Trees,
Elberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬
day. It’s sure to save you money.

. mi J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md.

“GREAT SCOTT”

A. 3NTow Strawtoorry

S. H. WARREN, Weston. Mass.

miMICUmLMEl

ere ••lircd lor bearing.” That’s why we
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also Usures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach. Pear, Plum, Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. Vie sell direct at
whoYnflle prices, illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Itpx 54? Benton Harbor, Mich.^^^1

%

ST JOSEPH MISSOURI

!s the first authority for farmers and fruit¬
growers in the great fruit-growing centers.
The April number will be a “special” de¬
voted to an extended discussion on the
profitable raising and marketing of
CmaII r.iiil. Every berry-raiser, every
dmall i lUilS farmer, should get this as
well as every other number of this paper.
The Fruit- Groivcr is “tho handsomest
farm paper pubH*bed’’and cost*

60o a year. Send C5c and namoB .
of 10 person* interested in
fruit-growing for a yenr’*
trial. Faetcm £dition
tor States east of Ohio.

The Fruit-Grower Co.

1251 S. 7th,

St. Joseph, Mo.

APPLE TREES $5.00 TO $10.00 PER 100

Currant Bushes and Grape Vines, also Poplar
Trees, for sale at bargain prices, boxed free.

These trees, plants and vines must be sold at bargain prices, as we
are overstocked with them. We have a surplus of both Carolina and
Lombardy Poplars. Help us to sell i, 000,000 first-class trees, shrubs
and vines as described and priced in our large new catalogue, which is
mailed free when requested by postal card. Established 25 years
$100,000.00 capital. Trees true to name, boxed free. Let us price
your list before buying elsewhere. Mention where you saw this adver¬
tisement and we will mail you a copy of Green’s Fruit Magazine.

Address GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

TREES

$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID,

true to name and Fumigated. All ktndsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we HEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, liox lo. Geneva, N. Y.

D A DTI CTT _ _ P P rTS _ Bred from' selected bear-

D M IX I la CL I I uCl/WEiL lng parents. Tbe three

greatest, high quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no
better pears than these. Our Tree Breeder ( f ree) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and
recommends safe kinds only. We offer you SAFETY, and “ You can rest your minds at ease, in planting
the ROGERS TKKES.”

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years aud can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y..

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

97

CARNATIONS ON TOP OF THE
ALLEOHANIES.

Recently I attended an institute at
Oakland, Garrett Co., Aid., 3,000 feet above
sea level, on the Alleghany Mountains.
The agriculture there is not of the most
advanced type, so that I was much sur¬
prised to find under these seemingly ad¬
verse conditions, parties raising cauli¬
flower, cabbage, melons and celery, as well
as strawberries, putting them in the New
York market at paying prices, and with
one, two acres under glass, growing car¬
nations, roses, violets and other choice
flowers, and shipping them as far west as
Chicago. Another instance that men can
be superior to their circumstances, and
that intelligence, perseverance and in¬
dustry will succeed anywhere, even with
little capital in money. In fact, the for¬
mer is the best capital a man can have.
About '20 years ago a Air. Weber with
his six boys and five girls — all the chil¬
dren under 21, bought a large farm near
Oakland, the land costing about $20 per
acre, nearly half of it in woodland, for
which they ran heavily in debt. They
had been raising a few vegetables, for the
Summer boarders coming into the moun¬
tains, and followed this at Oakland. They
put up a little lean-to of a glass house,
where they raised lettuce and started their
early vegetables. The old gentleman was
one who taught his boys to do things well.
They entered into the spirit of the thing,
being willing to work, and not afraid of
soiling their hands, nor ambitious (?)
to go to town and wear “store clothes”
in an office. All put their shoulders to
the wheel and began to expand the busi¬
ness. The vegetable line was first ex¬
tended beyond the nearby Summer hotel
trade. Then realizing that a single rose
or a bunch of carnations would sell in
the right market for as much as a bale
of hay, they put up a small greenhouse,
and began growing flowers, their special¬
ty being carnations. As their neighbors,
from the object lessons given by the
Webers, began to grow some of the more
hardy vegetables, they gradually let this
part of the business go, and devoted them¬
selves to growing those things that re¬
quired more skill, and for which they
would command a market outside of their
own locality.

For the first 10 years it was uphill
work. They had to learn the business
and the markets ; put more capital into
the business and at the same time live.
Their success is an illustration of stick¬
ing to a course once intelligently thought
out, in spite of discouragement and lack
of immediate financial success.

Since 1893 their growth has been steady
and sure. They now have over two acres
under glass, and a reputation for their
products that enables them to obtain the
highest prices in the most critical markets.
This was attested by the number of prize
certificates that line the walls of their
office from the largest shows all over the
country, in competition with growers lo¬
cated in more favorable localities and with
large money capital behind them. They
are also cutting over 100 tons of hay an¬
nually, which is fed to the 9 horses re¬
quired in the business, and a dairy of
choice Jersey cows, the cream from which
in the Summer brings good prices from
the local Summer hotels.

The manure thus made helps to grow
the plants and flowers. They have their
own little saw-mill, where the lumber
for the greenhouses and farm buddings
was got out from their own timber, and
the boxes used for shipping in sawed.
An evidence of their prosperity was a
most beautiful farmhouse built four years
ago.

The father has been dead nearly a year;
but the rest of the family are all on the
ground, and all, men and women, bear¬
ing their part. The present head of the
firm said he attributed much of their suc¬
cess to the fact that for a number of
years the work has been so divided that
each one has his special department to
look gif ter. One has sole charge of the

carnations, one of the roses, one of the
bedding plants, another of the dairy, and
one of the daughters was in the office
in charge of the correspondence and ship¬
ping; in a word, system. On being asked
if anyone of them would not prefer a
position in some town with a salary of
$1,200 or $1,500 a year, as better than
what they were getting, the answer was
most emphatically “No.” When asked
as to the value of their farm to-day, they
said they would not take $100 per acre,
showing that after all the value of land is
its earning power. The only thing I could
see in their favor from natural conditions
was that being in the soft coal region,
they were able to get their fuel at a low
figure. I ■ have written the above, think¬
ing it might be an incentive to some
young man or woman as an illustration
of one of the many opportunities in the
country for intelligent effort.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

Tin* “No Blow’’ Apple. — There is nothing
new under the sun and history repeats itself
in the ease of the “No Blow” apple as in
other things. The merits of the said apple
seem not to be settled and as I am in all prob¬
ability as old as any who have attempted to
enlighten the public, I will tell what I know
and have heard about it for a period covering
a hundred years and more. Col. Nahum Ward,
one of the first settlers of Shrewsbury, built
in 1725 the house in which he lived. On this
place and near the old house spot is or was
a year or two ago, an old tree that bore the
“No Blow” apple. 1 1 is son, Artemas Ward,
afterwards Major General, lived just across
“The King's Highway,” on the place now
known as the “Ward Homestead,” and owned
by Artemas Ward, of New York. This was
my home for 24 years of my early life, and I
well remember, as long ago as 18.30, the old
“No Blow” apple tree on this place. It was
then old and much bowed down, and had a box
of boards around its trunk filled with earth, to
heal some wound received years before. It
died more than GO years ago. These two
trees never seem to bloom, -but every year they
bore a great many apples identically the
same in appearance, without seeds and with
very little core. They were of medium size,
in color darker than the Rhode Island Green¬
ing, with a splash of red on one side, and of
the “sheep-nose” shape. When a boy I asked
what made them grow that way, and was told
that when grafted the scion was inverted.

Massachusetts. s. d. ward.

LIVINGSTON’S
TRUE BLUE SEEDS.

Send us 5 two cent stamps. Wo then mail you 1 pkt. each Livingston’s
Beauty Tomato, Livingston a Ideal Cabbage, Livingston's Emerald Cucum¬
ber, Crosby s Egyptian Beet and Wonderful Lettuce, and our lot page Seed
Annual. Send us back the empty bags and we will accept them at 5 cents
each on any order amounting to 50 cents or over.

THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., Box 144, COLUMBUS, OHM.

NEW SEEDS

FROM THE fiROWER TO THE SOWER

We have raised a very fine lot of seeds the past sea¬
son and offer them to the gardeners and fanners at
WHOLESALE PRICES. Catalogue free. It contains lots of good things, including a new
Blight Proof Potato and a new Oats that gave us 2,000 bushels on 19 acres. Don’t miss it.

JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, Coldwater,- N. Y.

BURPEE’S

*

SEEDS GROW AND
WIN MORE PRIZES

than the products of any other
brand ! Besides several Gold
Medals they won A Grand Prize
for vegetables at the St. Louis
Exposition.

If you intend to try Burpee’s Seeds, we
will mail free our Complete Catalogue of
178 pages, with beautiful colored plates and
illustrations from photographs taken at our
famous Fordhook Farms, the largest trial
grounds in America. Write to-day I

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

FUNK'S in HU? >111)311 SI5KJ) COJiN

45 CENTS AN ACRE

Plants Funks Pedigree Seed Corn.

Shipped to you in the ear. 45 cents may save
you a crop failure. Write for the New Book oi\
Corn. It is free. Write now.

FUNK BROS. SEED CO..

447 N. EAST ST., Bloomington, III.

IV e arc the pioneers in shipping seed corn in the
ear in bushel crates.

G

ROWER

to SOWBR.I

We re not in the combination of seed sell¬
ers that has been formed to keep up prices.

We grow our seed, make our owrv prices
and sell direct to planters.

We’re not agents for anybody’s old and stale
stocks. We guarantee ours fresh, plump and
absolutely reliable. Exceedingly low prices
on Beans, Corn, Peas, garden and field seeds.

To Introduce our Honest Seeds In Honest
Packages, we will send the following

Collection of
Seeds for

One package each of Early Blood Turnip Beet, I
Early Turnip Radish, H.O. Parsnip, Sweet German
Turnip, Crookneek Squash, Prize Head Lettuce,
Long-Orange Carrot.Early .Jersey Wakefield Cab¬
bage, Beauty Tomato, Rocky Ford Musk Melon.

Wrlto for catalog which tells how to obtain all
seeds at 3o a pkg. Put up In honost packages.

FORREST SEED CO.,

34 Main St., Cortland, N. Y.

racnagos, wi

50c

BEST

Ever Grown.

None better and none so
low in price. 1c per pkt.
and up, postpaid. Finest
illustrated catalogue ever
printed sent FREE. Engrav¬
ings of every variety. A great
lot of extra pkgs.of seeds, new
sorts, presented free with every
order. Some sorts onions only 50c
per lb. Other seed equally low. 40
years a seed grower and dealer and all
customers satisfied. No old seeds. Send
your own and neighbor’s name and address
for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills.

LOMBARDY POPLAR- Yo mb akdv?

First class trees 8 feet to 18 feet. CALIFORNIA
PRIVET, strong, 1 year, in quantities to suit. 20
inches to 2 feet. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern. Pa.

im OAT wonder-

A

SALZER’S NATIONAL OATS

Yea, farmers of America, lend me your ears, while I chant the merits of this new Oat
Novelty. It is positively the most wonderful Oat on earth.

Editors, Agricultural Writers, Institute Orators all talk and write about this new Oat. It
yielded in Win. 156 bn„ in Ohio 187 bu., In Mich. 231 bu., In Mo. 255 bn., and in N. 11. 310 bn.
per acre, during 1904, and in 1905 you can grow just as easily 300 bu. per acre of SALZER’S
NATIONAL OATS, ns we can. Your land is just as good, just as rich and yon are Just as good a
farmer ns we are. We hope you will try this oat in 1905, and then sell same for seed to your
neighbors at a fancy price, next fall. *

MACARONI WHEAT

Yielded for thousands of farmers in 1904, scattered all over America, from 30 to 80 bu. per
acre of as fine a wheat as the snn shines on. It does well on arid, dry lands, as also on rich
farm lands. It is the only wheat that laughs at droughts and scoflfs at Black Rust— that terri¬
ble scourge. It’s rust proof!

Billion Dollar Grass |

Speltz or Emmer,

80 Bu. per Acre.

■Wonderful Speltz, marvelous Speltz,
pro li table Speltz, the farmer’s firm friend,
flourishing everywhereandyieldmgSObu.
of grain and 4 tons of splendid straw hay
per acre besides.

Home Builder Corn.

Was named because 60 acres in 1902 pro¬
duced so bountifully that it buillandpaid
for a beautiful home. See Salzer’s cata¬
log. It is tlie biggest eared early and
heaviest yielding Yellow Bent Corn we
know, yields * to 800 bn. per acre.

and Teosinte.

A noble pair. Billion Dollar Grass,
the most talked of grass on earth, makes
14 tons of fine hay per acre, while Teo¬
sinte astonishes and startles you with 80
tons of green food per acre, rich in sugar
and milk and food values.

Potatoes— 736 Bu. per Acre.

The Editor of the Rural New Yorker
proclaimed to the world that Salzer’s
Early Wisconsin Potato yielded for him
736 hu. per acre. That pays!

ABSOLUTELY FREE

Onion Seed 60c.

a pound, and other vegetable seeds just
as low. We are the largest Vegetable
Seed growers in tlie world, operating
5000 acres.

$10.00 for 10c.

We wish you to try our great Farm
Seeds, hence o ffer to semi you a lot of
Farm Seed Samples, fully worth §10.00
to get a start, together with our great
seed catalog, all for hut 10c. postage, if
von mention this paper. It you already
have our catalog mention it, and we will
send something else in place.

If you will send us the accurate address of three wide awake farmers, to whom we can write, giving your name as
reference, so that we can mail to them our great plant and seed catalog, we will send to you free of all cost, our magnificent
140- paged catalog, and a package of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER (with full culture directions).

ooming from the highlands of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs; the Sphinx and the Pyramids, the land of luxuriant
verdure and prodigal growths. This Clover will astonish you.

You may send the three names on a postal card, with full address, and be sure to give your name and address cor¬
rectly when sending the three names. When writing us be sure and mention name of this paper.

J

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When writing to Salzer be sure to mention this paper,— Editor.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

98

WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUL¬
TURAL SOCIETY MEETS.

Part I.

President W. C. Barry called to order the
fiftieth annual session of the Western N. Y.
Horticultural Society. The audience cham¬
ber was well filled, although the blizzard de¬
layed trains on all roads. The President in
his annual address was retrospective, con¬
gratulatory and prophetic. He briefly re¬
viewed the past work of the society, thanked
the members for their support and co-opera¬
tion, expressed his gratitude to those who
have in the past presented valuable papers
and delivered instructive addresses at our
meetings. lie made a plea for an increase
of membership, saying we should have at
least 1,000 members instead of the (jOO or
700 we now. have.

The morning session took the form of a
celebration • of the golden jubilee of the Soci¬
ety. Reminiscences of years past were related
by the older members, among whom were ,T.

S. Woodward. Loekport. C. M. Hooker, Roches¬
ter, S. D. Willard, Geneva, Foster Udell,
Rroekport. and C. L. Hoag. Loekport. George

T. Powell, of Ghent, Columbia Co., spoke
on “ A Higher Standard in Horticulture."
He said New York State limits are now used
in all the markets of the world, and if we
want to keep them in those markets we must
raise our standard of quality. -In former days
fruit was considered a luxury, and a lower
grade of fruit was accepted. hut to-day fruit is
a necessity, and quality counts for much. The
future presents stern problems to fruit grow¬
ers, for much of the poorer grades will not
now pay for the harvesting, packing and
transportation, hut there is a great demand
in the markets of Europe as well as America
for fine fruit. To get this high quality we
must adapt variety to soil. The next step is
to select better stock to propagate from. We
must cease growing high, heavy trees, and
use low-headed trees, with low branches; the
day of trees 40 feet high is past. We must
have a high system of culture and grow the
varieties of high quality, like King, Jonathan,
McIntosh and Spitzenberg. We must have
organized effort in packing and marketing.
The future will not demand enormous or¬
chards, but smaller orchards with better
fruit, selection and culture. During the dis¬
cussion on apples, a number of allusions were
made to very poor quality of apples seen
on the tables of the different hotels of the
city. Prof. Slingerland said there were three
on his table, one, smaller than an egg, one
wormy, and one gnarled and withered. All
were windfalls. One member said he had fed
hundreds of bushels of better apples to his
cows and hogs. All agreed that it was a
disgrace to western New York.

The question of soil and seed inoculation
was discussed in an intelligent and pleasing
manner by C. S. Wilson, a student of Cornell.
“The Relationship of Plants in the Orchard”
was the topic of an address by Prof. U. P.
Hedrick, of the Michigan Agricultural Col¬
lege. He showed by lantern slides the effect
on the growth of peach trees by growing in
the soil about the roots different crops like
wheat, rye, potatoes, tomatoes, peas, beans
and clover. The trees made the least growth
with the wheat and rye, and the best with
the clover. The clover seemed to gather
nitrogen from the air and pass it over to the
tree roots. This practised with fruiting trees
would retard the ripening of the wood, and
prevent the formation of fruit buds.

Prof. John Craig of Cornell University,
gave an illustrated talk on “The Result of
Orchard Survey in Wayne and Monroe Coun¬
ties." One of the striking things brought out
by the speaker was that New York had
dropped from first to second place, and Ohio
from third to fourth place, while California
had moved steadily upward from twenty-
seventh place to first, during the last forty
years. He said that the worst enemy of the
apple orchard is the apple tree. Close plant¬
ing is ruinous. Statistics show that, the yield
per acre steadily decreases as the number of
trees per acre is increased. The tendency
in planting now is to give each tree more room.
When the trees are young the ill effects of
close planting may not be apparent, but with
advancing years it becomes acute. Prof. Craig
referred to the influence of ownership,
saying that in one township of West¬
ern New York. 300 orchards cared for by
the owners yielded an average of 201 bushels
per acre, while 200 rented orchards yielded
192 bushels per acre. On this survey the
average yield was found to be much larger in
tilled orchards than in sod orchards, there
being a difference of nearly 100 bushels per
acre in favor of tillage.

Prof. M. Y. Slingerland, assistant professor
of economic entomology at Cornell University,
who' is popularly known as the “Bug Man."
spoke in “Some Insect Problems and Experi¬
ences." His talk also was illustrated. After
speaking of the insect pests of the past fifty
years. Prof. Slingerland took up the future,
with respect to what it may have in store for
New York fruit growers. He said in part :
"The New York fruit growers w:il never
have any less number of kinds of insect foes
to fight, and at least, three or four new ones
will demand serious attention in the near
future. The Gypsy moth and the Brown-tail
moth cannot be prevented from crossing our
eastern border, and sooner or later spreading
over the State, it will oe difficult to get a
State or National Government to expend the
vast amount of money and labor necessary to
check, control and finally exterminate these
insects, if such a thing is possible. Another
insect which has been a serious apple post
in other States for 25 years and more, has
been working farther southward in our State
during the past few years until it now serious¬
ly threatens the whole New York apple indus¬
try. I refer to the Apple maggot, or "railroad
worm,” as it is called in New England. This
insect is an Insidious pest, its work not often
showing until the crop is found to be almost
worthless at nicking time. All varieties of
apples may be infested, some more than
others, and there seems to he no way of get¬
ting at the nest with our present insecticidal
batteries. Recent experiments in Rhode Is¬
land indicate that Spring plowing to bury the
hibernating stage of the post is valueless, but
that thorough and frequent tillage may help
materially. Pasturing the orchard or picking
up the windfalls frequentlv are the most suc¬
cessful methods known for controlling the
insect on a commercial scale."

George G. Atwood, chief inspector of the
State Department of Agriculture, read an in¬
teresting and particularly Instructive paper on
“The Gypsv Moth.” which was listened to
with the closest attention by the members.
Mr. Atwood described minutely the Gypsy
moth ; how it is spread and grows, and the ef¬
fect it has on the fruit. He stated that it is only

of late that the nature of the damage done by
the Gypsy moth has come to he fully realized
by those who grow fruit, and who are in¬
terested in preserving their orchards. “The
Gypsy moth, if allowed to grow and spread
unchecked, can do fully ns much damage to
the country's interests as the boll-weevil, of
which we hear so much. If the Government
is to take steps to prevent the importation
and spread of one of these evils, why neglect
the other?” Mr. Atwood urged the members
of the Society to unite in trying to suppress
the San Jose scale. A motion was adopted
to the effect that the matter of suppressing
the scale, Gypsy moth and other pests be
referred to the legislative Committees of the
Society, the Eastern Nurserymen’s Associa¬
tion and the New York State' Fruit Growers’
Association, with power to act. The Society
unanimously adoped a resolution that an
appeal he made to Congress and the Secretary
of Agriculture. In connection with his ad-
dress Mr. Atwood had an interesting ex¬
hibit of Gynsy moths, which were examined
closely by the growers. He also had pictures
of the fruit, showing the effect of the Gypsy
moth on it. The story was told of how a
naturalist in the eastern part of the country
imported some specimens of the Gypsy moth
for study, and how they had accidentally
escaped. Figures were given to show the
extent of the damage done by this pest in
this country, and in foreign countries where
they are to he found more thickly. That Mr.
Atwood had succeeded in entertaining and in¬
structing the growers was shown by the ap¬
plause which greeted his remarks, and lVv
the animated discussion which followed.

E. C. GILLETT.

Chemicals for Grass in Northern Jersey.

F. C. »S'., Rldgewodd, .V. ./. — Will you give
me the amount of fertilizer one ton of horse
manure contains; also one ton of cow man¬
ure? I have a new grass meadow that I want
to fertilize and I find that manure is very
expensive here, as we have to get it by the
carload. 1 would like to find out which is the
cheaper, manure or chemical fertilizer. If
the manure is the cheaper, I would want to
put it on at once, while the ground is frozen,
so that I could drive over it.

Ans. — Average samples of horse and
cow manure analyze about as follows :

Phosphoric

Nitrogen Acid Potash

Horse manure . 10 fi 31

Cow manure . 7 4 8

Cow manure, unless well rotted, does
not spread well on meadows. For actual
plant food chemicals are cheaper on such
a meadow, but you must use enough of
them. One of the ready-mixed grass and
grain mixtures will answer, but if you
want to mix at home the formula used by
Geo. M. Clark, of Connecticut, will make
the grass grow : 400 pounds nitrate of

soda, 400 pounds muriate of potash, 400
pounds fine ground bone and 800 pounds
acid phosphate. Use 800 pounds per acre.
This is an expensive mixture, but hay is
worth enough in your neighborhood to
warrant its use.

Cover Crop for Orchard.

F. Ji., tit. Catharines. Out. — There is a
lot being written these days on the advisa¬
bility of using some kind of cover crop in our
orchards. Clover, cow peas, and Hairy vetch
all receive their share of praise, and rightly
so, although the latter is expensive, as com¬
pared with the others. Oats. I see, are also
spoken of favorably, but they furnish no
nitrogen. Have any of your readers tried the
common vetch for this purpose? It will of
course, not winter, but will it not do all that
any crop that is not leguminous will do,
and at the same time furnish some nitrogen?

Indiana. reader.

Ans. — Several of the experiment sta¬
tions have reported experiments with vetch
as an orchard crop. Write to the stations
at Ithaca and Geneva, N. Y. ; Orono, Me.;
Wooster, Ohio, and Agricultural College,
Mich., for bulletins.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

A BOOK WORTH HAVING.

One of the most complete and compre¬
hensive handbooks on garden tools ever
published is the 190.1 Planet Jr. catalogue
of S. L. Allen & Co.. Philadelphia. It is a
veritable mine of information, so valuable
that no farmer or gardener can afford to be
without it. The catalogue is beautifully illus¬
trated, and carefully describes the famous
Planet Jr. garden tools — implements whose
popularity extends to every quarter of the
globe. One of the leaders of this line is the No. 4
Planet Jr. Combined Seeder, shown herewith.

Fitted as shown, No. 4 is a thoroughly de¬
pendable seeder, either for continuous rows
or hills. It is simple in construction, and
cannot get out of order. But a moment is re¬
quired to connect it into a cultivator or plow,
capable of doing the finest kind of work in
hoeing, furrowing, ridging, marking, etc.
Among other Planet Jr. tools are plain and
combined seeders, wheel hoes, one and two
horse cultivators, harrows, etc.

The catalogue is sent free upon request to S.
L, Alleq & Co,, Box 1107 V, Philadelphia, Pa.

PureWhiteIead

Every house-owner
should know why Pure
White Lead is both the
best and cheapest paint
he can put on his house.

Our Booklet “ What Paint &

Why ” tells this and names the
brands of White Lead that are
purest and best. Sent free from
any of our branches.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world.

New York Buffalo Ch’icago

Boston Cincinnati St. Louis

Cleveland

National Lead & Oil Co. John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.
Pittsburg. Philadelphia.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let¬
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price List.

J. E. Ht TTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

LEAMING SEED CORN

100 bu. of this popular var'ety ; grown and selected
by us for highest yield: guaranteed to have highest
germinating vitality. We are breeding this corn for
silage and protein contents: it is used by many of
our Ohio Farmers for silage, maturing earlier than
regular silage varieties A mammoth ylelder $2.00
per bu. f. o. I) .tipped and shelled or in ear.

E. K. MATLHE, New Berlin, Stark Co., Ohio

— PLANT —

Page’s Seeds — They Grow

THAT’S the kind we sell. It’s the kind
you want, no matter whether you use
few or many, you want the kind you
can depend upon. We have built up our
business and t stab'islied our reputation only
by fair dealing and supp ying Seeos that
Grow. Last season our sales on Seed Corn
alone were over 25,000 bu. That’s because
we sell the kind that grows. Our new 72-
page catalogue, covers lithographed in eight
colors and colored plates, describes over 1,000
varieties of Flower, Vegetable a' d Farm
Seeds, Plants and Bulbs, Free. Write to-day.

The Page Seed Co.,

SEEDSMEN, GREENE, N. Y.

PDAOC cccn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
UnAOO vCCU Seed. BlueGrass.RedTop, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me hear trom you and your -wants.
Address U. «J. COVER, Alt. Gilead, Ohio.

CLOVER SEED

Mammoth, Medium, A 'sike, Timothy. True to name,
clean and pure. Direct to farmers.

The O. C. SHEI’ARI) CO., Aledina, O.

were awarded Two Grand Prizes,
the hig-hest possible honors, at the St.
Louis Exposition. Our Catalogue, the
One Hundred and Fourth Annual
Edition, is by far the most complete,
most reliable and most beautiful of
American Garden Annuals. We are
offering this year the great

N0R0T0N BEAUTY POTATO

The Most Valuable Ever Introduced.

Full description and the opinions of
many high authorities who have
tested it will he found in our Cata¬
logue, which will he mailed FREE to
all interested in gardening or farming.

J. M. TH0RBURN & CO.,

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS,
30 Cortlandt St., New York.

103 years in the business.

A (■ p n O —Now write plainly to me the names
uttLIu and full addresses of a number of
persons who buy Garden Seeds,
and I will carefully keep trace of them, and favor
them with lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh
tested. Northern-grown seeds of ail kinfls. direct
from best reliable growers who won Gold Medals at
St. Louis Exhibition, and 1 will send to you at end of
season five (ft) per cent, of the total amount of their
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily
earned. Special terms for February.

F. W. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio

Wholesale Grower and Importer

(j ARDEN, Field and
u Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring Barley, Blue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Red Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, and Oats in car
lots track your station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO,

115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

I New and standard varieties. Promising new vart-
feties from the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro¬
cured elsewhere. Earliest Seed Com and
Garden Seeds from the natural home of
(the potato, and the garden of Northern
Maine. Catalog free.

The Geo. W. P. Jerrard Co., Carlton, Maine.

SEEDS

SOLD OK MERIT. Catalog free.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Oeot.24 Ravenna. 0.

A COPY OF

1905

'Garden™* Floral Guide i
[Mealed FREE on Request i

James Vick's Sons.301 MainSt.,RochesteiimI

i vtg- -

Pnhhon'n Onnrl Long Island grown, Succession.
UdUUdgti OCCU, Flat Dutch, Early Spring. 75c.
per lb. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

POTATOES — BIIbh, Hovec, Cobbler. Harvest, Hebron, Ohio, Long¬
fellow, Six Weekb ; 85 kinds. C. W. FOKD, Fishers, N. Y.

SECOND CROP SEED POTATOES

Mature earlier.stand drought better, yield more large
potatoes than a y other seed. Catalogue free.

ALF. A. WHITTINGTON. Marion Station, Md.

BE,ST

SEED POTATOES

Catalogue of
70 varieties free
A. G. ALDRIDGE, Fishers, Ontario Co., N. Y.

Hall’s Improved

plants good as grow,
tive Catalogue FREE.

Second-Crop Potatoes the best SEED
everywhere. 45 varieties of Strawberry
Asparagus Roots, Seed Corn, etc. Descrip-
J. W. HALL, Marion Station, Md.

H ,§A ■ ■ ■ Essex Rape which h;

■H JTfl Bw ■■ proved to be the mo:

■ ■ HLM valuable forage plant in e

■ S istence for sheen, Hogs <

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Cattle. Costs only about :

cents per acre for seed; yields 20 tons per acre. Ov
seed was grown in Essex, England, and is extra choic
Descriptive circular and sample freeif you mention th
paper. Ask for copy of our large illustrated catalog i
Garden and Farm Seeds. Free for the asking.

IOWA SEED COMPANY. DES MOINES. I0W 1

SOMETHING N^w SWEET CORN.

A red variety, of finest flavor, that will be ready
for use by July 4 th. Also Peep O’Day, a white
variety of equal earliness. 15 cents for 3 ounce pack¬
age of either, or 25 cents for both. Address:

WALDO F. BROWN, Box 8, Oxford, Ohio

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots, @1.50,
10 bu. lots, @1.40, 25 bu. lots, @1.30 , 50 bu. lots,
@1.25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. B. BROWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L I., N.Y.

FOR SALE

■ — CRIMSON CLOVElt Seed, $4 50

_ _ bushel: Cow l’eas, $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Union
Sets, $2.50 bushel. JOSEPH E HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presqu?
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

(J A I ‘ Czar of Russia Oats:

I^V O #A Ui t Durham BullCalf.four
monthsold; Heifer most three years; AlphaDeLaval
Separator Baby No. 1. CHAS. MARSH, Valois, N. V.

SEEDS

THEILMANN’S — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THii THEIL.MANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

niDDI CJC CCCn DATATflCC Arethebest obtainable anywhere at any price. Grown in
UIDDLL O wtCU lU I H I UCO the cold north, largely on Virgin soil, they are full of vigor
and vitality. We are headquarters for Seed Potatoes. We grow and sell the products of over 1.000 acres
annually. All the new and standard varieties, 35 in all. at from $2.00 to $3.00 per bbl., with special prices on
quantities. Our new catalog now ready. Ask for it to-day.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Reedgrower, lloneoye Falls, N. V’.

tons.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

99

KEEPING RABBITS FROM TREES.

On page 861 an inquirer wants to know
of a wash that will “keep rabbits off and
not hurt the trees.” The following is good
for one Winter unless trees are as small
as one’s little finger. When very small
a rabbit may bite a limb off, but never
gnaws it. The wash is simply one pound
of dissolved copperas in a bucketful of
whitewash. It should be thinned out to
prevent scaling off, and is easily applied
with a whitewash brush. Better yet is the
plan of putting on wooden veneer protec¬
tors in the Fall, tying at top and middle
with short sections of No. 22 wire. The
wrappers should be put on so that they
will be somewhat cone shaped, nearly
or quite touching the bark at the top.
This will prevent the wires from slipping
to the bottom when the wood shrinks.
There is not enough chafing to do any
damage, and the wires will break if the tree
outgrows them. These protectors may be
bought at the factory for about $3 per
1,000, and when trees are small each pro¬
tector may be slit lengthwise, thus making
two of one. But best of all is probably
a fine mesh screen wire, for this lets
more sunlight to the tree, and when set
down a couple of inches in the ground it
protects against borers and mice as well
as rabbits. Of course the first cost is con¬
siderable, but this as far as I know is the
only objection. I have tried many washes;
have used even axle grease. This protects
against rabbits, but although I may not
have killed any trees by the application
yet I think it injures them, and I would
not advise the use of axle grease on valua¬
ble trees. b. buckman.

Illinois. _

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Petroleum Prices.— Oil for export has
dropped again, and now stands at 7% cents
per gallon. Local domestic wholesale prices
now run from 10 to 13 cents, according to
quantity.

Ax Indiscriminate Market. — A large alll
gator which recently died at a zoological gat-
den in tliis country is said to have had the
following interesting collection in his digestive
economy ' A door knob ; an iron bootjack . a
chunk of meteoric ore; a pair of scissors;
nine rubber combs ; three pairs of spectacles;
a section of an iron garden rake; and a fish¬
hook four inches long.

Bad Market Weather. — The past two
weeks have been very hard for produce deal
ers. Trains were so delayed that no on
knew just when stuff would arrive, and the
streets so blocked with snow that trucking
was about impossible. With the exception
of a few streets leading to the ferries the city
authorities let the market section wallow
about in the snow until many other streets
are attended to. The losses from these delays,
and the frost damage that always comes with
zero weather, will fall heavily on the ship¬
pers. As has often been said before, con¬
sidering the great number of people to be fed
here, the market facilities are very crude and
crowded, even when the streets are passable.

Rye Straw. — “What is the straw that
brings the high figures given in market quo
tations, and where can such prices ($1 or
more per 100 pounds) be had?”

Indiana. reader.

Prime rye straw to sell for the highest
prices for horse bedding must be of good
length (3% feet or over) in well bound bun¬
dles, straight and neatly pressed in large
bales. The small “perpetual” bales break it
up too much. Straw that is at all tangled
or has been weatherbeaten will be very much
discounted, also that in which the bales or
bundles are stuffed with chaff or broken stuff
Most of the modern thrashers turn out straw
in good condition, if properly handled, al¬
though for bedding purposes none Is quite
equal to the flail-thrashed product. A field
of rye that is much lodged or tangled cannot
be cut so as to make first-class bedding. The
proportion offered that is near the top notch
is comparatively small, which accounts for
the high price.

The Beef Trust. — Now that the Supreme
Court has decided that there is such a thing
the “common people” are interested in know¬
ing what is going to be done about it. The
court’s decision is a technical recognition by
that body of a fact long clear to outsiders.
In the pressure put on producers and con¬
sumers by these middlemen they felt the grip
of a real trust, even though they could not
identify all of its bones and muscles. The
chief value of this decision would seem to
be the fact that it establishes the right of the
Government to look into and have something
to say about matters hitherto considered out
of its reach. Probably no one believes that
it will have any direct effect on the price of

beef, the packers, their actions or profits, but
the decision is not to be belittled, for it is a
step in advance, showing that those in author-
ty see danger in permitting an agreed body of
men to control the food products of a nation.
Such control without restraint would easily
lead to double the present prices. It would
be a case of pay what we ask or go without,
and the meat eating habit is so fixed that
many will take the meat and deny themselves
of other things.

Touqii Eggs. — A reputable dealer called me
into his store to look at a trial shipment of
three cases of eggs just received, which the
letter of advice referred to as prime. He
expected trouble with the shipper when re¬
turns were made, and wished witnesses to
whom he could refer as to the quality. The
eggs were preserved, and had been kept in
pickle until partly cooked. They must have
been stale when put away. A large number
had black chunks inside as big as a hickory
nut, and every one opened was musty and
vile smelling. The egg dealer at once sent
word that the trial lot was not satisfactory
and that he did not want any more. Quite
likely the shipper did not know how bad they
were, if he did it was a mistake to think
that they would pass here. The system of
egg inspection in any large market is so
thorough that the least defect is noted. When
candled by electric light any irregularities in
the interior are nearly as visible as when
the shell is removed. In a dark room the
electric light bulb is dropped into a tin chim¬
ney having a hole the size of a half dollar on
a level with the light. When the egg is
held in this opening its character is visible
in less than a second, no matter how thick
the shell. Eggs like the lot referred to sell
for about one dollar per 30-dozen case. Some
are used in leather manufacture and others
find their way into East Side cookery.

_ w. w. H.

CLEANING BUSH LAND.

In many places in New Jersey there are
Italians who clean scrub oak land on con¬
tract for about $30 per acre. That is the
best and cheapest plan, but you must
watch and see that no stumps are buried
in the deeper holes. I have tried the
stump-puller, but it did not work well ;
it was too heavy to move, and it took
four men to work it. I want to tell
R. N.-Y. readers about one of the best
and most labor-saving contrivances for
working out stumps. I call it a “stump-
twister”; see diagram. First make a

times as heavy. Get a good stout pole
20 to 25 feet long. About two feet from
the large end of pole fasten the hook in
the manner of a cant hook, and hitch a
team to the end of lever. The stump
is easily twisted out. If there is any
trouble at the start cut one or two of
the larger roots. Always try to twist
stumps soon after a rain; it is then so
much easier work. In using this twister
there are no tools to carry ; team pulls
pole to next stump. Two men pull 30
stumps a day easily. This twister was
first described by a Mr. Mullikin, of
Franklin, Ind. K. w. ostrom.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Woi.f River Apple. — I fear the reports
of Wolf Itiver apple may lead some to set
trees of this variety who would not do so if
they better understood just what its quality
is. ' 1 have fruited the apple, and can fully
endorse all that is said as to its size, beauty,
etc., and will add another point in its favor ;
it will hang to the tree in a hard wind better
than any other large apple I ever grew.
But when it comes to quality as a cooking
apple it is fair to good, yet to eat out of
hand one must indeed be hungry for apples
to care for Wolf River. Possibly better than
Ben Davis, but who %vants an apple to eat
that is not a great deal better? Why don’t
we ever hear of the American Beauty, one
of the highest quality apples grown? An
abundant bearer, a long keeper, and when
well grown large and handsome.

Massachusetts. e. d. gibson.

The Rogers Grapes. — On page 18 I note
an inquiry about the “Rogers Grapes.” I
see you state that No. 2 is Massasoit. I
think it No. 3 that was given that name.
No. 2 is a very large red grape, vinous and
of high quality. I think it never was
named and it is my understanding that many
varieties were sent out under a number
only, as Nos. 2, 5, 8. 11. 13. 24. 30, 32. 33,
34 ‘and 36, and perhaps others. I suppose
No. 39 to be Amina instead of No. 33 as
stated in article. It, Herbert and Goethe are
among the best of them, aitnougli some under
numbers are excellent grapes in every way.
I have, or have had, 21 of Mr. Rogers’s
varieties and I have always considered them
as a remarkable lot of grapes. I have a
long letter from Mr. Rogers received many
years ago, regarding his varieties, but will
not now take time to find it.

Illinois. B. BUCKMAN.

MILLIONS

FOR THE FARMER

8imply soak seeds, before planting, In water
containing

NITRO-CULTURE

Nitro-Cultore is a harmless natural plant-food
gathering germ. It doubles the crop — enriches the
land— makes poor farms productive.

PRICE LIST

Nitro-Culture, sufficient to inoculate the following
seeds per acre, mailed to any audress in the United
States or Canada at the following prices:

Alfalfa . per acre, $2.00

Red Clover . *- “ 2.00

Crimson Clover . “ “ 2.00

Japan Clover . “ “ 2.00

Cow Peas . ,4 “ 2.00

Garden Peas . }4 acre, 1.00

Sweet. Peas . Rj acre, 1 00

Wax Peas . per acre, 2.00

Soy Beans . “ “ 2.00

String Beans . “ “ 2 00

Vetch . “ " 2 00

Velvet Beans . “ “ 2.00

Peanuts . “ “ 2.00

Horse Beans . “ “ 2,00

Lima Beans . “ 2.U0

Guaranteed to keep six months from date of ship¬
ment and can be used within that time. Catalogue
of seeds, also fuller description of Nitro-Culture
mailed free.

STUMPP& WALTER CO., SO Barclay St., N. Y.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.
Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

EST FRUIT PAPER

for 3 month*. Stamps or silver.

NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER,
St. Joseph, Michigan.

TREES

300,000 Apple*,
73,000 Cherries,
100,000 Std. Pears,
30,000 Dwarf Pears,
40,000 Plums.

50,000 Quinces, 100,000 Blackberry,

100,000 Currants, 150,100 Raspberry,

10O,0C0 Gooseberry, 8 acres Strawberries,

One-half Million Grapes.

Shade Trees, Shrubs. Roses, Ornamentals. The
Department of Agriculture of New York will tell you
San Jose Scale has never been found in this part of
the State. Send to-day for our Fuse Catalog quot¬
ing Wholesale prices to planters. Free to everybody.
Sheerin'* Wholesale Nurseries, Dansville,N.Y.

RUBY RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and to-day Is ahead of all others for profit to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list.

C. G. VKLIE & SON, Marlborough, N. Y.
Valley View Fruit Farm.

JAPAN WALNUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees.
Fruits at 2 years, 7 by mail $1.00.

STAYMAN’S WINESAP » long keeperfWoOper 100.

Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. BARNHART, Denton, Maryland

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. W e have more than 500 acres — the

largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections and
Catalogue — Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

ouys mis Large nanasome mcKei
Trimmed Steel Range

without warming closet or
reservoir. With high warm¬
ing closet, porcelain lined
reservoir, just as shown in
cut, 813. 95 ; large, roomy oven,
six cooking holes, body made
of cold rolled steel. Duplex
grate; burns wood or coal.
Handsome nickel trimmings,
highly polished.

OUR TERMS tut

most liberal ever
made. You can pay
after you.recei ve the
range. You can take
it into yeur home,
use it 30 days. If you don’t
find it exactly ns represent¬
ed, the biggest bargain you
ever saw, equal to stoves
retailed for double our
price, return It to us. We
will pay freightbotli ways.
CUT THIS AD OUT, send it to us and we will mail

- ! you our large stove catalogue.

7f> styles to select from. Don’t buv until you get it.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

THE NIAGARA GAS SPRAYER

will handle

LIME, SULPHUR, SALT

to perfection.

No Valves to Cut,

No Packing to Wear,

No Piston to Grind

TITTERINGTON BROTHERS,

Wholesale Dealers in Domestic Emits
and General Merchandise.

ST. CATHARINES, ONT.

October 4, 1904.

Niagara Sprayer Co..

Middleport, N. Y.

Gentlemen: — In reference to the Niagara Gas
Sprayer purchased of you last spring, 1 must say that
1 am very well pleased with It. I used the Lime. Sul¬
phur and Salt Mixture and, thanks to the Sprayer,
did one of the finest jobs of spraying •. ever saw done,
almost completely killing out the scale on a very
badly infected plum orchard. Yours respectfully,
JAMES TITTERING I ON.

A postal with your name and address will bring
our catalogue.

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO.,

39-41 Perry Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Rippley’s Sprayers

Fine Brass Pumps. Guaranteed strongest and
best 4 and 6 gal. Compressed Air Sprayers on
market. Spray 25 ft. trees, potatoes, vines, etc.
Tested f>0 lbs. pressure, 2safety valves. In2sizes.

4 or 5 Cal. Calv. $5. 4 Cal. Copper, $7.

5 Gal. Copper, $8.00.

Catalog of lostyles free. Mail orders direct.

RIPPLEY HOW. CO., Mfrs., Box 223, Grafton, III.

Henry P. Mitchell Co., Phil*. Pa., Kastern A?ente.

DON’T BUY

Trees until
you see our
1905 Cata’og of 62 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY
R. F. I). No. 6. Newark, New York

Strawberry Plants

We have been growing and selling plants in this
town 33 years, and are now offering i)li varieties
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KEVITT’8 PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Rft VARIFTI ^ STRAWBERRY PLANTS $2.00 and up

iHillEI LO per 1,000. Send postal to-day foi 1905
Catalogue of Fruit. H. W. HENRY, LA PORTE, INDIANA.

Innn nnn asparagus RooTs-The

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FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES.
SHRUBS, VINES & ROSES,

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue FREE
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IOO

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Japan Chestnut in America. —
Although the Japan chestnut has scarcely
been known in this country 30 years, al¬
most as many named varieties have been
produced as from our native and the
long-cultivated European species together.
Trees of the Japan chestnut were first
offered by S. B. Parsons, blushing, N. Y.,
in 1876. About that time J. M. Thorburn
& Co., New York, received a quantity
of nuts by mistake in an importation of
lily bulbs from Japan. Japanese bulbs
were then packed for shipment in tea
chests, instead of the baskets now in
use, and it was supposed that chests con¬
taining chestnuts for local use had been
wrongly labeled with the bulb importer’s
name and address, and thus included in
the shipment. The nuts came over in
good condition, and were of the usual
gigantic size and wretched quality associ¬
ated with this species. There was no
market for these stray nuts, and they were
planted for trial by the senior partner
of the seed house, F. W. Bruggerhof,
at his home in Noroton, Conn. They
grew well, the trees proved fairly hardy,
bore early, and are now immense broad-
headed specimens, probably the finest in
this country. There was soon a call for
the nuts for nursery use, and they have
since been regularly imported. Thou¬
sands of seedlings have been grown from
these foreign nuts, almost invariably of
the big size and low quality type, and
planted over the country. As seedlings
bear in from two to five years great quan¬
tities of these low-grade nuts have found
their way to the markets, disgusting buy¬
ers who expect something better, and to
a considerable extent “queering” the
whole trade in large or foreign chestnuts.
Seedlings have been grown from these
seedlings, often where the parents may
have been exposed to the pollen of the
native or European chestnuts, quite likely
to the third or fourth generation. Some
desirable varieties have been thus pro¬
duced, named and disseminated. As a rule
they are thrifty, productive and bear
early. The nuts are handsome and mostly
of good size. They are usually claimed to
be sweet and of good quality, but none
we have tried approaches {lie native or
even the Paragon in acceptable flavor,
though all are good for cooking, which is
more than can be said of their ancestors
as imported. In any collection of 100 or
more Japan chestnut seedlings grown from
home-raised nuts, one is likely to find
one or several approaching the best of
the named kinds in desirable qualities. In
one block of second-generation seedlings
the writer has noted nuts ranging from
the two-inch giant almost as harsh and
acrid as a horse-chestnut, to a sweet little
one, smaller than the average native, and
running from one to seven in a bur. In
every case the trees had the characteristic
small and glossy leaf of the Japan species,
but varied in stature, at eight years of
age, from shrub-like bushes to well-
grown saplings. With such facility for
rapid acclimatization and great variation,
we can look for immense future improve¬
ment. It appears probable to the writer
that the future commercial chestnut will
be evolved from the Japan type by in¬
telligent breeding, but it must be far bet¬
ter than any we have yet obtained.

The Marron or European Chestnut
was brought to this country as early as
1803 by a Frenchman living in Dela¬
ware, and has been assiduously cultivated
by nut fanciers wherever it could be in¬
duced to grow. In this long interval it
has given rise to a number of varieties,
of which Paragon, Ridgely and Numbo
are best known. This species, Castanea
sativa, is plainly less hardy than either the
Japan, C. crenata, or our native kind,
C. Americana. In the Old World its
range coincides with that of the Vinifera
grape, being found from southern Europe
and northern Africa eastward to China.
From the earliest times chestnut has been
used for stakes and trellis posts in vine¬
yards. In this country it thrives best in
the temperate Atlantic States and through¬
out the highlands of Kentucky and Ten¬
nessee. It is also very successfully culti¬
vated on the Pacific Coast. The foliage is
frequently attacked by fungi that also oc¬
casionally trouble . our native kind, but
seldom affect the Japan group. Seedlings
from imported nuts, and varieties of
European origin, seldom amount to much
in the Eastern States, though some named
kinds from France are grown in Cali¬
fornia. Of the varieties originating here
Paragon and Ridgely are without doubt
most valuable. Ridgely seems the hardier,
and has fruited very well on the prairie
soils of Illinois, but Paragon has proved
the most wiJely profitable of all chest¬

nuts, and is afhiost exclusively planted
by growers of extended experience. It is
a good grower, uniting well with native
and seedling stocks, and is precocious to
a fault. The nuts are of good size, hand¬
some in appearance and of excellent qual¬
ity. Numbo makes a large and handsome
tree, but is slow about bearing, and not
reliable in most localities when it does
some in appearance and of excellent qual-
brid with the native chestnut, as its seed¬
lings almost constantly bear nuts less in
size than the Paragon type, and of sweet
quality quite comparable with those of the
native. Many of these Paragon seed¬
ling nuts are fuzzy or covered with pale
tomentum quite in the manner of the na¬
tive. We have fruited many seedlings
on the Rural Grounds, and have ascer¬
tained from other growers there are
scarcely any exceptions to this rule where
observations have been made.

The Native Chestnut. — This has al¬
ways been one of our most valued tim¬
ber trees, and, notwithstanding the pro¬
digious vitality of its roots, sending up
generation after generation of sprouts,
has been almost exterminated in many
localities. The great demand for this
wood for telephone and trolley poles, as
well as its renewed use for fencing, on
account of the lowered quality of galvan¬
ized wire, greatly stimulates interest in
the preservation of the remaining stands
of chestnut and their rational protection
and control as a timber crop. The tree
grows so large and is so long in coming
into bearing that pure natives are little
likely to be grown, except in rare in¬
stances, for the nuts, which nevertheless
are so agreeable in quality that they are
invariably preferred to the large foreign¬
ers. A few varieties have been propagat¬
ed by grafting, but they will chiefly be
useful for breeding with the other species.
The native chestnut is most at home in the
Appalachian region, but is found from
Maine to Georgia and westward to Michi¬
gan and Louisiana. It has been for some
years dying out in its southern areas,
most probably from the destruction of nuts
and seedlings by hogs allowed to roam the
forests in most Southern States. It is
seldom productive when planted on the
Pacific Coast, and is not hardy enough
to endure Winters in British America.

Commercial Chestnut Culture. — The
craze for chestnut planting, so evident
five or six years ago, has largely sub¬
sided ; yet more trees are probably planted
than ever for home use and adornment.
Culture for profit has practically resolved
itself into grafting sprouts on natural
chestnut land with the large-fruited Euro¬
pean and Japan kinds. Reports from some
of the oldest chestnut growing enterprises
show little or no profit in the venture,
no matter how conducted. The reasons
assigned are the depredations of the wee¬
vil and the cold reception in the mar¬
kets of large home-grown nuts of the
Japan group on account of their low qual--
ity. When Paragon or Ridgely quality
can be guaranteed to discriminating cus¬
tomers there is no difficulty in getting
satisfactory prices, but consumers a, re
getting shy of Japanese “giants.” The
present Japans are also sensitive to late
Spring and early Fall frosts, though hard¬
ier in tree than the Europeans. This de¬
fect will probably be lessened in time, and
the quality improved by systematic cross¬
ing with best natives. Late reports from
France, the headquarters of European
chestnut culture, show that a gummy dis¬
ease of the trunk at the base of the trees
is becoming alarmingly prevalent. The
only remedy suggested is to graft choice
varieties on American or chinquapin
stocks in the hope they may prove re¬
sistant. It is to be hoped that this dis¬
ease will not be brought over here by im¬
porting European trees, for which there
is not the slightest occasion, as our nat¬
uralized varieties thrive much better. The
only remedy yet suggested for our own
Chestnut weevil is to gather all nuts as
soon as they fall, treat those apparently
sound with bisulphide of carbon, which
kills the contained larvae, if any, and
does not injure the nut, and to burn all
defective nuts or feed them to hogs; also
to gather and burn all imperfect burs as
they fall. There is still talk about graft¬
ing the chestnut on oaks. A New Jersey
nut company, with 14 years experience,
reports that of 1,000 scions successfully
grafted on oak not one survived to bear¬
ing age. The union readily occurs, but
is never permanent. Native sprouts, Par¬
agon seedlings and tree chinquapin make
the best stocks, in the order named, but
the chinquapin sometimes suckers from
underground stolons. w. v. f.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Couch Syrup.
Use in time. Sold

Tastes Good,
by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

DON’T LET THE

SAN JOSE SCALE

DESTROY YOUR TREES. SPRAY' WITH

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH

AND BE SURE TO USE

BERGEN PORT

SUBLIMED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR,

This brand is prepared especially for
Spraying purposes: insist on having it.
Ask your dealer, or write to

T. & S. C. WHITE CO.,

28 Burling Slip, New York.

U S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WH ALE-OIL SOAP.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
SPRAYING CPAR for Power Sprayers. Other Or-
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catalogue and prices. W.H. OWEN, Port Clinton, O.

HOWTO RID YOUR ORCHARD
OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

PATENTED JULY 5, 1904,

CONCENTRATED LIME-SULPHUR WASH

Dilute One Gallon of “ CONSOL ” with
Forty Gallons of Water; No Cook¬
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See IKON -CLAD GUARANTEE
iu Our Booklets.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FO RM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N, J.

TAONTICS

RED CYPRESS — WHITE
PINE— GALVANIZED
STEEL

CALDWELL

Tanks are the beat made
Ask for illustrated cat¬
alogue and price list;
ul.o references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louittville, Ky.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
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Also 8 team Rollers and Engines, Saw
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supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. C0„
39 Cortlandt St., New York City.

use nitro-culture

Culture Is a natural plant food, gathering germs
among plant roots, nourishes, invigorates, teeas the
plants, doubles the yield, makes poor soil rich. Free
Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

HARNESS

We sell custom mude oak-tauued leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrantitto be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
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THE KING HARNESS CO., 0 Lake St. ,Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.

Better Fruits-Better Profits

Better peaches, apples, pears and
berries are produced when Potash
is liberally applied to the soil. To
insure a full crop, of choicest quality,
use a fertilizer containing not less
than io per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our practical books of information ;
l they are not advertising pamphlets, booming
special fertilizers, but are authoritative
treatises. Sent free fortheasking.

0ERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau St.,
New York.

SAVE TREES BEFORE DISEASED

by spraying, and thus add to your profits. Use THE
PERFECTION SPRAYER for all insects and fungi.
Sprays everything. Saves its cost in oue season.
Combined hand and horse power. Catalogue FREE.
THOMAS PEPPLKK, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY. |

Great cleaning' attachment on per¬
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how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
comprcBBea air to Bpray % Aero. Wo manu¬
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grade hand and power sprayers. Catalog free.
Write us if you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.,

288 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

i

7

— THE—

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leads everything ofits kind. 6 gal. cop¬
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valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
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W e make 20 BtyleB eprayers. Write for Catalog.

THE DEMING CO., Salem, O.

Henion ft Hubbell, Weat’n Agfa., Chicago.

SPRAY.

m Automatic Compressed Air

Sprsyor. No hand labor — has agitator and brushes for
f oleanlng strainers. Our free book telle about it. "No swindled feeling"
I Ifyou buy our pump*. Wo alio make the Empire Kina, Csr-
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■ field FORCE PUMP CO. 2 1 1th St. Elmira, W.Y.

With the 4

ORCHARD

Monarch

Hardie Spray Pumps

Make perfect Fruit

Ton don't have to take our word
for it, read what The French Nursery
of Clyde, O., says about their llAKDIB
SPKAY PIMP:

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when they buy the Hardm

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Rend today for our free book on Rpra y,
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(nation on how to makeyour orchard pay.
IlOOK-HARDIE CO., Hudson, Mieh.

Ill Mechanic St,

SPRAY

for scale with the WALLACE
SPRAYERS, No expense for power
Wallace Machy. Co., Champaign, 111.

SEED SOWERS

50c

All Kinds
All Prices

and up. Booklet with Calendar free,
a SEEDER MFC. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich.

SAW YOUR WOOD

BAW8 DOWS
TKKK8

With a FOLDING SAWING MACHINE. 9 CORDS by ONE MAN la
10 hours. Send for FREE illue. catalogue showing latest im prove*
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Folding Sawing Mach. Co., 16 So. Clinton St., Chicago, 111.

OUR NEW CATALOGUE

“HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS FOR 1905”

will be ready for distribution next month. It will be sent free to any address.

IP YOU ARE GOING TO USS ANY

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next SFH.I3XTG, tb.is Book will ixiterost you.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OF

HUBBARD'S “BLACK DIAMOND” FERTILIZERS,

Middletown, Conn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

101

Hope Farm Notes

The Blizzard. — Hope lmd changed to be¬
lief with me, and 1 really thought Winter had
seen its worst days. December was so rough
and cold that 1 thought Jack Frost performed
his stent, and that we might as well talk
about an early Spring. When our loca
weather prophet warned us that a blizzard
was coming nearly everyone laughed. The
blizzard came, however, and was tierce while
it lasted The scientific men did not see it
coming very far ahead, though they can tell
us how it happened now that it is all over.
The storm caughtl’hilip with the roof open and
the first few courses of shingles on. lie lixe
it so that no damage was done, but it is ueed-
Ipss to say that he did not nail any shingles
while the storm lasted. The blast over our
hills was lieree. Nobody looked at the ther
rnometer. so we have no great stories to tell
about cold weather, but we have a number ot
w drifts around the house and barn to show
what a dance the wind and the snow had to¬
gether These drifts are likely to remain
with us for some weeks. The storm couldn t
have hit us at a worse time, but what was
the use of grieving about it? There was notli-
jn<r to do but keep the animals comfortable
and the house warm and eat plenty of apples
with the roast pork.

Things were had enough with us, hut worse
in Florida. Hope Farm can stand the frost,
because it is used to cold weather, hut whe
that blizzard swung its tail over the Florida
peninsula it destroyed the hope on many a
farm. I am unable yet to tell how much
damage was done, hut the mercury seems to
have fallen below 20 degrees anyway. The
papers report great damage, hut we can’t tell
about that yet. At present all the direct in¬
formation I have is dated on the day of the
freeze. The Madame writes that all warning
has come in advance and that all hands have
rushed out to pick all the fruit they can.
I hope Uncle Ed saved his oranges at least.
I fear the trees were killed, though some or
them may have lteeu saved. I don't know¬
how the potatoes came through. Such things
are hard. It is sad to see property destroyed,
but harder to see hopes ruined. And yet
liopes are not or should not he ruined. Jf
the orange trees are killed we shall have to
accept the fact as a warning that, there Is
no use planting oranges in that section. We
must plant something else. Wait until I get
full particulars about the freeze before we
give up !

in

ud

Florida News. — There are happy days
Florida after all — in spite of blizzards a_ .
drought. The older folks may dread the
future, hut the children do not. One of the
little hoys sends me a letter, which I have
had engraved as follows :

■Xcr oir- xcr 9 xr 9

jMruXs '^fcrtu •

M&ixK cw 9 jiXoocL y&L- 3 AocArJlCT-^

^C- Jls t>yx- <w. cx/rtL JfieoX

Jsy, J Y , 9 J&oit&tsn.

•/Ci» J" ^ JjiaJ*- /y^nf

JbynsX Jao-trt -

. ./Co}. Cu .aTSVjp Xfaisrn..

.AumZ get-*. /nJUcr

JdtMz /HA5WI

i£LT' jLi. srtnjgj' cj>&C o-o-ur- aX

\t/e. jjstsfCC Jj* a. .jAjxSCtg' dost’ &SZC,

cjtoA. 9 a. Jtfl'ipun'xg.

-A AsriX. bd&JL -CCA.

day'- a**. -7A*- oyJLgf'

AaUJ JkY ‘

9 ^SyrcL Jtsz-rt. X& yp* a-i. Jl/ye/x. cyx>-us^

JdtGk )'ur/v$MZ'r

*~7 -bufixtoy*.

Now-, I don’t offer that as an advertisement
of the Madame’s skill as a teacher, though
I get letters from grown-up men every day
that do not compare with this for spelling,
writing or ability to state things clearly.
This little chap wrote the letter without help
or suggestion. 1 might he critical and feel
that it is not a high compliment to bo told
that I get the letter because the writer has
• “nothing else to do,” hut I understand that.

I would give a good deal if I could hat some
(of my troubles away in a game of haseha"

It is a question whether Uncle Ed felt as bad
■when Jack Frost caught his orange grove off
its base as those little hoys did who were on
the wrong side of the 14 runs! Yes indeed,

I would like to he on hand to tell my new
rstory of how Cousin Woodchuck and Tommy
Turtle saved the frozen trees ! I have heard
fishermen brag before now. Most of them tell
lbig stories about tremendous fish — that either
get away or are eaten before anyone else sees
them. Here is a champion fisher who admits
that what he caught was a sunfish ! 1 am

glad to get this little fellow's love — I don't
care what sort of binding it has. I am gird
that such little people can play and fish and
study in the sun — -happy though their elders
are “frozen out." If frost could put a crust
on the faith of childhood this would indeed
he a mighty cold world.

All Sorts. — In the wreck of the blizzard,
waiting for the damage to settle, we may as
well look at the cheerful side of life. I have
the following note from a North Carolina
man :

“Referring to your Florida Notes, why did
you not call those things devil’s shoestrings?
That is what all the southern people here
call them.”

No doubt you refer to the long, tough roots
we found in the soil when we tried to plow.
For some reason, either out of respect for my
feelings, or because they wanted to sell land,
people omitted to mention the ownership of
those strings. I think Charlie will agree that
the name fits, and that no one else will claim
them. Some land agent will get hold of
about 10 feet of this root and show it as a
sample of what “Alfalfa will do!”

Some weeks ago I told about the departure of
old Kate, with a few remarks about her
career. Uncle Oeorge took her, and I ex¬
pected that before I got back from Florida
he would have half of her fed out to his hens.

Kate wishes respectfully to Inform the public
that she is not a back number or a barrel of
egg food yet. Aunt Mary ' thought so much
of the old mare that she' wanted her spared
for a few days at least. Kate must have
heard this, for she broke out and actually
kicked up her heels and ran away down the
road. Our good friends decided that a horse
showing so much speed and action was any¬
thing but a dead one. They think of keeping
her for a driving horse ! They keep her in
one end of a long chicken house, which is di¬
vided into apartments by wire partitions. It
is a fact that the old horse heats up that
henhouse like a stove ! The hens are de¬
lighted. Some of them roost on old Kate to
keep their feet warm and the temperature of
the house is certainly higher than before
Kate lived in it. They will have to dust the
old horse with sulphur or tobacco dust now
and then to get rid of the insects, but there
is no doubt regarding her ability to act as a
stove. I am glad that Kate is appreciated.
Far better hunt for undiscovered possibilities
in a horse or a human before you condemn
them! I suggested to Emma that old Major
might go into the icehouse with her hens,
but she thinks they are better without him!

. . . The other day I went into a restau¬

rant, took off my overcoat and put in on a
chair. A girl came along and spilled a small
pitcher of milk prettv much the entire length
of the coat. Then she sauntered away as if
it were some sort of a joke — without trying
to clean it up. I had started in to clean
it mvself when I saw her coming back with
a cup of clear coffee. With a cloth dipped in
this coffee she went over the milk stains and
took everv one of them out. I never heard
of that before, but the girl said it was a com¬
mon thing to do, and about the only way to
prevent milk stains in black cloth. That's
a new one to me. ... I have received
several letters from farmers who say that
plain barbed wire will not turn a hog. Here
is what a Florida man says :

“In your Florida plans I am afraid you are
underestimating the amount of “pure cuss¬
edness” there is in a half-starved Florida
orange hog. I know it seems to you as jf
tight barbed wire would fill the bill, but it
won't. You want three strands at top, but
the bottom should be 24-inch woven hog fence
like cut. Then you have a fence that will
keep hogs in or out. I should think your
potato plans all right, only expect you are
going to be late in getting planted for best
prices, but you will make it the second year.
If you have not already seen the bulletin on
cow peas got out by North Carolina Experi¬
ment Station, it will pay you to write for it.”

F. M. s.

It is true that I have, before now, failed
to estimate the “pure cussedness” in a well-
fed human, so it may be that the half-starved
hog will beat us. There are hogs and hogs.
These in the picture would not interfere with
barbed wire. As to potatoes — -Jack Frost is
n great equalizer when he tries to be. and
our potatoes will be about as early as any
in Florida after all. I made a mistake in
naming the variety. It is Early Manistee
Instead of Early Marquette. I got the names
mixed, as I once worked in a lumber camp
near the town of Manistee and the Pere
Marquette railroad. H, w. C.

Red Chief

Combined Corn

and

Pop-Corn Sheller

( Patented )

Best hand sheller
made. Closed hopper,
can’t pinch fingers,
adjusts for any size
ear.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel, keg or straightedge box. P op-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extracost. Special farmers’ oiler and circular free.

BRIHLY-HARDY CO., 253 Main Street. Louisville, Ky.

There are only two classes of Root Cut¬
ters. There is only one in the first
class. That one is the

BANNER8”*

Cutter.

It’s the one with the self-feed¬
ing, shaking grate— shakes
out all dirt, gravel, etc. baves
the knives and makes clean,
wholesome stock food. It lit¬
erally makes ribbons of all
roots and vegetables. Pre¬
vents all choking. ltcutsfast
I and turns easy. Thousands in
fuse anil not a single com¬
plaint We make the Banner I
in 7 sizes for hand and power.
— Our Illustrated Catalogue
tells the whole story. Ask for it. It’s Free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, Ypsilanti, Mich.
Largest Root Cutter Makers in the World.

SEurskci ^>°w Potato Planter

with or without Fer¬
tilizer attachment.
We also make a
two row.

EUREKA
MOWER CO'
Utica, N. Y.

Easy for one
horse, with or
without pole
or th ills. The
Planter is
O. K. Send
for catalog.

Larger and Better Crops

Cultivation of growing crops at the time most needed
is what makes quality and quantity. With Iron Age
Implements the farmer can speed his work, take
advantage of every opportunity, and produce
crops of larger yield and a better grade.

IRON AGE Implements

Save their cost several times during a season, often taking iho place of an
extra lmnd. Our new No. 25 Fertilizer Distributor attachment may be ap¬
plied to our famous No. 6 combined tool, or to our No. 1 Double Wheel Hoe
as is the case with Seed Drill attachments. This wonderful implement nnd
the No. 60 Riding Cultivator are fully described in “Iron Age”— a free
book containing much valuable Information to the progressive farmer.

It also describes the Iron Age Potato Planters, Ilorse Hoes, Sprayers
Fertilizer Distributers and otherlabor-saving farm implements.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 102, Grenloch, N, J,

No. 60
Iron Ago
ot Wheel
Riding Cult*
vatofi

Planet Jr. Tools

will save half your time, expense and fatigue. Write to-day for a
free copy of the li>05 Planet Jr. Catalogue, which describes
our entire line, including seeders ; wheel hoes ; hand, one and
two-horse cultivators ; harrows, etc.

No.4 Combined Seeder

sows in hills or drills, cul¬
tivates, plows, marks and
perforins many other du¬
ties. Almost instantly ad¬
justed. Easy to operate.

Mn J9 rirmKle WUiool Hru> is the most widely-chosen toolof its class. Cultivator and
1 uuuuit tvi'cti nut hoe attachments, easily and quickly adjusted. Unequaled
for weeding ■* - ’ - *■*-’ — ‘ - - * * -

No. 8
liorso
Hoe

No. 70
rtrot Wheel
Cultivator

reversible hoes ; patent depth-regulators, etc. Opens from 9 to 25 Inches

No. 70 Pivot Wheel Cultivator

stantly adjustable at every point : can’t get out of order.

inost unlimited in its variety of duties. M
field work a pleasure.

Don’t forget tiie Catalogue.

S. L. ALLEN &. CO.,

Box 1107 V, Philadelphia, Pa.

ACME

SIZES

3to 1 Z'/z feet

Agents
Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and ieveler,

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of east
. steel and wrought iron

i — indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.

^‘‘Aa Ideal Harrow” by

, ,| . . . . 1 lenry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, SanFranclsco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 1 0 W. Washington St.,CHICACO. 240-244 7th Avo. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1316 W. 8th St..
KANSAS CITY. MO. 216 10,h SV.-lMmEn’tIO: N^THisi’APFH. W‘ ^ S“" C°LUMBUS’ °H,°-

k r^-vy
iV^vv-.'^JL

.'Wkv!

They

Cut

Plant

Spray

K3ig

and

Sort.

Aspinwall Potato Machines

Make Large Profits Easy by Economizing
in Time, Labor and Money.

We make a strong, practical and automatic machine for
every stage of Potato Culture; in fact, the Aspinwall is the
only complete potato implement line in the world.

WftS fllir MarhinAC Seed is quickly cut to best ad-
WSTH uur_macnmes vantage. Planting, fertilizing

and covering is accomplished at any depth and width of
row desired. Spraying is effectively done for bugs and blight.
Digging and Sorting are made pleasant and agreeable
work by our time and labor-saving machines.

Send for Beautifully Illustrated Free Catalogue

I containing "How and When to Spray” table for all crops.

ASPINWALL MFG. CO., m

l Dept. K, 29 Sabin Street, Jackson, Mich. 5

YOU

fill K°>ns buy a HARROW

UU Want Rest fur least Cash.
Vi/ r make that kind,
ill L PAY FKK1GI1T Cat.
ret. Write for price.

Q. H. FOUNDER, No.
17, Ft. Atkinson, Wls.

Let Us Send You

Our Book.

about good wheels and good wagons that will save
you a lot of work and make you a lot of money— the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

- and the -

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the best. More than one and
a quarter millions sold. Bpokes united to the
hub. Can’t work loose. A set of our wheels will
make your old wagon new. Catalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 88, Quincy, Ills.

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. 1’. Send for catalogue.

WILSON BB08.,Sol«Mfr»., Dept. X Luton, Pa.

A low wapon
at a low price.
Handy for
the farmer.
V? ill carry a
load any¬
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any' farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
width of tire. Hubs to lit ary axle.

For catalogue ftsd prices, write to

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

102

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February n,

Live Stock and Dairy

CUTTING UP A 200-POUND HOG.

Can you give the approximate weights of
the various parts of a 200-pound hog after
killing? That is, how many pounds of ham,
how many of shoulder, sausage, side meat,
etc? What shrinkage will there he In curing
into bacon? g. w. b.

Pana, Ill.

We give a memorandum which is quite
accurate, and shows the disposition of a
dressed hog weighing 200 pounds into cuts.
You understand by a dressed hog we mean
a hog from which the entrails have been
removed and the head cut off. The aver¬
age hog when dressed in this mariner will
weigh from 73 to 75 per cent of live
weight. Replying to your question as to
the shrinkage in smoking, no two lots of
smoked meats will shrink alike; the
shrinkage will vary according to the heat
of the fire and the time in which the meat
is left in smoke. From eight to 12 per
cent should be a fair average. There is
no way we can tell you how many pounds
of sausage we figure to get from a hog,
with the exception of pork sausage. Most
sausages, such as bologna, frankfurts, etc.,
contain beef, so it is not possible to say
just how much sausage could he made
from 100 or 1,000 hogs, but the item shown
on this memorandum as trimmings, 3 l/z
pounds to the hog, represents the ingre¬
dients which enter into pork sausage.

From 200-pound dressed hog :

Two hams . 33 lhs.

Feet (front and hind) . 4 “

Pork loins . 21 “

Bacon bellies . 34 “

Spareribs . 3 “

Fat backs . 38

Trimmings (for sausage) . 3% “

Boston butts . 9% “

Neck bones . 2 “

Tails . Yj “

Fresh shoulders . 27 “

Fat (for lard) . 24 Yi “

Total _ 200 lbs.

Chicago. armour & co.

A dressed hog, above weight, should
yield 32 pounds hams, 25 pounds shoul¬
ders, 6 pounds lean sausage meat, 90 pounds
side meat. The shrinkage from green to
smoked weight would be approximately 10
per cent. swift & co.

Chicago. _

POULTRY IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA.

That poultry do fairly well in some
parts of Florida is proved by the fact
that in the Summer of 1900, I bought
fresh eggs for eight cents a dozen in
Alachua County, of which Gainesville is
county seat. Many locations in the State
are too wet for chickens. Others are in¬
fested by wildcats, hawks, owls, opossums,
coons of both sorts, snakes .and other
creatures which are fond of young chick¬
ens. In some places mosquitoes are so
bad, at times, as to kill poultry. Then,
besides most of the diseases known in
the North, we have one called “wart-eye,”
in which warts form around the eyes,
spread over the head and body, and the
fowl dies. Our Summers are long and
hot, and, unless supplied with plenty of
shade and water, poultry must die. The
most successful way to take care of them
seems to be to give them plenty of food,
water and shade ; a free range, with a
good dog as a companion, and at night,
cool and clean quarters, securely fastened
against prowlers of all kinds. Some peo¬
ple make a success with small yards, but
it requires much more care and attention.
Various breeds are raised, but fully half
the hens I have seen in Florida show Ply¬
mouth Rock blood. The main reason for
the neglect of the poultry business seems
to be that people can make as much or
more money at other things, which do
not require as constant attention. Cotton
and range stock, hogs and cattle, are
profitable in the northern part of Florida ;
while in the southern part most people
are interested in fruits and vegetables.
Many are interested in range stock, in
the southern part also. These lines of
farming allow the whole family to be
away from home, for several days at a j

time, while poultry and dairying require
attention every day in the year. Those
who wish to do so, and have skill and
capital, even a little, are making a profit
out of both poultry and dairying in vari¬
ous parts of Florida. w. w. g.

Lemon City, Fla.

Pigs Didn’t Pay. — During the season
of 1904 we tried keeping pigs for profit,
but aside from experience there is noth¬
ing to enter on the profit side of the
account, when the labor question is con¬
sidered. Two pigs eight weeks old cost
$8; feed purchased, $9; butcher’s charges,
$1.50; total, not including labor, $18.50.
Sales, $14.07; pork for home use, $7.35;
total value of pork, $21.42. Balance,
$2.92 to cover labor. Next season we
shall take a tin can, and on the outside
mark “pig pen.” Into this pen cash repre¬
senting the market price of two pigs six
to eight weeks old will be placed ; at the
end of each month, up to killing time,
cash' sufficient to cover cost of feeding
will be thrown into the pen; then $1.50
will follow to cover the butcher’s charges,
and our Pig Tale will read something
like this: Cost of pigs, — ; feed, — ;
labor, — ; butcher’s charges, — ; pork for

home use, $3. Cash balance on hand,
$18.42. d. s.

Clinton, Conn.

Florida Hens. — I have some business hens
myself ; probably you would like to know
something of the results. December 1, 1903, I
bought six liens, one rooster and 10 pullets
of the Brown or Buff Leghorns. I paid $10
for them. I only had one hen for mother
that was any good. I now have 35 hens and
four roosters. I sold $50 worth of eggs, in¬
cluding a few young cockerels. I feed whole
wheat as grain and ground or cracked oyster
shells as bone ; let them run at large in a
bearing orange grove of four acres. It Is a
good all-year range. The wheat costs me $50.
Wheat is very high here ; sometimes 2 1-3
cents per pound. l. n. p.

Florida.

Concrete Henhouse. — I am contemplating
building a concrete henhouse. Will some one
who has had experience with such a building
give me information in regard to cost of con¬
struction, thickness of walls, etc.? Also
whether they are healthful for fowls, and
would a brooder house of concrete be practi¬
cal? p. A. B.

Hornellsville, N. Y.

Kentucky Jack Farm,

A fl ne lot of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky If
you want a good jack.

JOB E. WEIGHT,
Junction City , Kentucky.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,
BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind.

PERCHERON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions . Scotch Collie
Pups. E.8. AKIN, Auburn. N.Y.

FOR SALE— Thoroughbred Scotch Collie Cow dogs.
WM. WILDGKUBE, No. Franklin, Del. Co. N. Y.

POULTRY SUPPLIES—

■ The Kind that Make Eggs— All per lOO lbs*
Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; Mico Grit for
Poultry. 60c.; MicoGritfor Pigeons, 60c ; MicoGritfor
Chicks. 60c ; Saul’s Poultry Sc/atcning Food. $1.85;
Saul s Poultry Mush Food $2; Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2;
Saul’s Chick Food, $2.50; Cut Clover, $1 60; Clover Meal,
$1.60; Pure Ground Reef Scraps, $2.25; Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bone, $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25: Hemp Seed. $3.60;
Sunflower Seed, $4.25; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue mailed free.

CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y

FOR HATCHING. Booking orders
from best pens— White Wyandottes,
White and Barred Plymouth Rocks, Single-Comb
White and Brown Leghorns. No one has better
stock. Price $1.50 per setting of 15.

LOCUST FARM, Eatontown, N. J.

DDCfl PftD CfiftC —Our Barred Rocks lay 256to
DI1CU run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing aud Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BEUGEY.Box 8, Tel ford. Pa,

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. K. 1$. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: F.ggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 1(0. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., R. I). 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

SIX GREAT BREEDS

White Leghorns— White Wyandottes,
White Plymouth Kocks— Hlaek Miuorcas,
Barred Plymouth Kocks— Light Brahmas,
The Pest for Pleasure and Profit.
Beginners and enthusiasts should remember
that a few high quality birds will produce far
more, and win far more, than a yard full of poor
or medium class fowl.

Exhibition Stock that has won wherever
shown. Mated pens for breeding, $30 to $100.

Eggs from two special matings, each breed,
$10 per 12 straight; from assorted pens, $5 per 12,
$10 per 86.

Great Fgg Producers, that have won world¬
wide reputations for laying. Mated pens for
breeding, $15 to $35. Eggs, $2 per 12, $8 per 100.
Selected Breeding Cockerels, $3 to $20 each.

Descriptive
Catalogue FREE.

ELM

POULTRY
YARDS

Box Y,

Hartford, Conn.

Angora Goats and
Fox Terrier Dogs.

(Prices on application.)

JERSEYS !

CHESHIRE PIGS

and New York State Fair.

FOR 8ALE— From First-Prize

S.G. OTIS, Sherwood, N Y.

CHESHIRES

t — Young Boars,

_ _ _ _ ' Sows and 3-month

Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S. HILL. Frceville, N. V.

CHESTER WH I TES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bower80x,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for I am inposi-
tPn to fill your order with up-to-date breeding-
order a Sow bred at once for Spring farrowing.

JACOB B. MILLER. Bradford, Ohio.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES ffiTSSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalla.N. Y.

W/YANDOTTES, White, Buff, Silver L. and Gold.

LEGHORNS, Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCKS, Barred, Buff and White. Brahmas. Cochins,
R. I. Reds, Minorcas and other breeds in Cockerels
and Hens. "Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm, Carpenter, O.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE— Extra fine White Wyandotte Cockerels
for breeding purposes. E. F. Kean, Stanley, N. Y.

\V7HITE Wyandottes and Barred Plymouth
** Books, thoroughbred stock. Cockerels,
#2, Pullets, 1*1.50, Eggs, $1.50 per 15, $5
per lOO. E. B. KETCH AM,

546 North Shore Drive South Haven, Mich.

TYUSTON’S W. Wyandottes, Blanchard’s W. Leg-
horns, 8. C.& B. P. Rocks. Eggs $1.25 per 15. Or¬
ders booked nowfor Incubator eggs $6 per 100. HILL¬
TOP POULTRY FARM, Livingston Manor, N. Y.

Q f> Blk. Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs. Bar.
ID U. Rocks, Wh.&Bf. Wyandottes, Reds, Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO., B., Delaware, N. J.

BARRED ROCK COCKERELS, ?ln*Iet

$3.00 each.

„ - Good ones, $1.50 to

J.W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

Dprl Pflllpif Cattle — Young Bulls For Sale. For
*'-''** 1 OHVAI particulars address
DR. D. F. BAKER, 484 The Arcade, Cleveland, O.

Combinat ion and
Golden Lad. For
sale 11 cows, 1 1 heif¬
ers and 23 bulls.

S. E. NIVIN, LANDENBERG, PA.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All flrst-
class individuals.

J, E. WATSON, Proprietor. Marbledale. Conn.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGH BY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsvllle, N. J.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows, (s Write for
prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; we refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Erclldpun, Chester Co., Pa.

Breeders’ Directory

WHITE SPRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETeR THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as imp. Deanie 7th, 503.9 lbs. of butter
inoneyear. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 470.3 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Florham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable,
lor further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 16 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $109 to $300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEYS

High Class Cows and Bulls

Cows In calf to Prince Rosendale. 1st prize aged
bull, at two Worlds’ Fairs, and sire of nearly as
many winners at St. Louis as all the other bulls
combined. Send for descriptive circular. Anyone
can afford my prices. CLAYTON C. TAYLOR.

Lawton Station, N. Y.

/'Tuernsey Cattle— Two registered Guernsey Bulls.

one 2 yrs. old, other 2 mos. old. Extra Individ¬
uals, backed by best of breeding. Write for prices
and pedigree. TH E LINDHUKST FARM, Bolivar, O.

FOR ^ALF — Two Pure bred Guernsey males, 3
1 and 9 mos. old, great grandsons of

the famous Mary Marshall; Also Foxhound dogs and
pups.

MELVIN THOMAS, R. F. D., No. 1, Wayville, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rlfton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

LMI CTPIW Rill I ? from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlli DULLOfew choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y.

FOR SALE

Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS

Special Offering for February, 1905

lO Service Hulls lO

Sired by Mercedes Julip’s Pietertje’s Paul, No. 29830.
dam Mercedes Jullp’s Pietertje, the 1900 world’s
champion cow with A. R. O. seven-day record of
29.57 lbs., and Belle Korndyke Beryl Wayne. No.
32386. dam Belle Korndyke, A. R. O. seven-day but¬
ter record, 25.12.3 lbs.

Special prices also on Holstein-Friesian Cows.
Heifers, Yearlings, and male and female Calves.
Circulars sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland, N. Y.

DELAWARE HERD

Aberdeen-Angus

Herd headed by Prince Barbara, a son of the
Imported $9,100 Highland Champion Bull Pi inee Ito.
All leading families represented. Males and Femnles
for sale at business prices, that cannot be duplicated
anywhere in the East, some of them sired by such
noted bulls as Prince Ito and Elflock.

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora.N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’sprice.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

JERSEY BULL

years old, registered, from fine stock— to change
the blood— price $75; or will exchange. Also, one
BULL and HEIFKR CALF. 6 mos.. $25 each— eligible
to registry. W. F. COOK, Box 38, Norfolk, Mass.

JERSEYS

Highest honors at World’s Fair, Chicago, and Pan
American, Buffalo, were won by us. Can furnish
young bulls of the very best breeding, and Splendid
Individuals, at reasonable prices.

BEECHLANDS FARM

East Aurora New York

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULL

“ FRICKASON ” 34975

Born Feb. 13, 1904, % black, well grown; a choice individual. A son of Mutual Friend 3d’s Paul (he a son
of Paul DeKol whose dam was Pauline Paul), whose dam was Mutual Friend 3d. 22 lbs., 13 oz in 7 days, her
milk averaged 4.27 p. c.— “Frickason s ” dam made 13 lbs. at 3 years; her milk averaged 3.5 p. e.; her sire has
3 A. R. O. daughters. Order, and If not pleased upon arrival, return him at once at my expense and 1 M ill
refund the purchase price, $75.00. First check takes him.

Weedsport, N. Y.

Oakland Farm

T. A. MITCHELL

SO— GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

Write for prices for best bred and finest BULL CALVES in America. Fine show animals one month
to one year old. Sire contains one-half the h ood of Katy SPOFFORD CORONA, the World's Champion
Heifer in her class. In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

S. C. WHITE 1 EGIIOKN8, America’s leading strain for 22 vears. ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
Long Distance ’Plume. E. H. KNAPP & SON, Eabius, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

io3

MANCHESTER'S DAIRY NOTES.
Clulen for Milch Cows.

We feed the new milch cows each morning
about five quarts of grain, equal parts gluten
and wheat feed, and a handful of linseed
meal, all the hay they will eat up clean
morning and night, with oats and peas for
noon feed. I would like to know if more
gluten could be added safely, and more lin¬
seed meal also. Do you think 200 pounds
gluten to 100 pounds wheat feed too much
for new milch cows, each getting about five
quarts a day of this mixture? What quan¬
tity of linseed meal could be put into the
300 pounds? S. E. J.

Broome Co., N. Y.

From your letter I assume you are feed¬

ing grain only once a day. The five
quarts will weigh about six pounds and
with what mixed hay and oat and pea hay

they will naturally eat up clean you

a fairly well balanced ration :

12 pounds hay . 71 4.91

8 pounds oat and pea hay. . .48 3.45

4 pounds gluten feed . 95 2.06

2 pounds wheat feed . 28 .96

have

.14

.12

.11

.08

Total _ 2.42 11.38 .45

I should prefer to feed the grain both
morning and night; that is, divide the
daily ration into two feeds. 1 f you had to
eat a half pound of cheese daily you would
find it went better if divided into three
portions and eaten with other food. Lin¬
seed is an extra good, healthy feed, but al¬
most too high at present prices for eco¬
nomic feeding. You could safely add 50
pounds to 300 of the other grain. With
coarse bran you could use two parts gluten
to one part bran. This would be a better
feed, and not much more costly. For cows
giving 15 to 20 quarts of good milk daily
we should feed seven to nine pounds daily
of the mixture. It pays to keep a record
of the milk yield, to find out whether
changes in feeding really pay.

Value of Apples and Buckwheat.

What is the analysis of apples, sweet and
sour? What amount per day would be profit¬
able for a milch cow, say of 1,000 pounds
weight, after she is used to the apples?
What is the analysis of bright buckwheat
straw? I feed sour apples to the cows and
sweet ones to the horses ; no cider apples
on my place. I have known horses to relish
buckwheat straw and eat it without apparent-
injury. F. A. J.

Mendon, N. Y.

The analysis of apples is given as .7 per
cent protein, 17.8 per cent carbohydrates,
.4 per cent fat. This is probably as apples
run, mostly sour; sweet apples having
more sugar would run a little higher in
carbohydrates. Although their analysis is
not very high they seem to have a bene¬
ficial effect in feeding, and their use in
moderate quantities will help out the milk
yield. Ten to 20 pounds twice daily is
what we usually give, and prefer to feed
grain right after feeding the apples. Buck¬
wheat straw has 5.2 per cent protein, 78.1
per cent carbohydrates and 1.3 per cent
fat, but only a small part of this is diges¬
tible. When grains are allowed to mature
seed the stalks become woody, and so full
of fiber that although they may have a fair
analysis the animal is only abl£ to digest
a small portion of the nutrients as found
by the chemist. This consuming a lot of
food that is indigestible hardly pays, as
the animal uses up considerable energy
that can be better spent in other ways.
Most animals relish a change in food once
in a while, and a feed of straw is appre¬
ciated this way, but is hardly advisable
as a steady diet.

Mineral Water for Stock.

I have an important question to settle,
in regard to requiring cows to drink water
from a 45-foot drilled well in the rock, which
furnishes cold clear water except at times,
when there is an oily appearance and a dark
scum on the top of a body of this waterfcwhen
warmed up. Persons find after drinking it
there is a mineral or sulphury taste to it
and causes a very unpleasant gulping up
from the stomach of gas or wind which
creates a strong dislike for it. This is in
a section of country where natural gas can be
had for fuel by drilling from 200 to 800 feet.
Would this affect our water in any way?
Of late since watering cows in a cement
manger I can see how some drink of it more
freely than others, as the more sensitive ones
seem to drink as little as possible, and carry
an empty, gaunt look while in fair to good
condition of flesh and health. What would
one cow (capable of producing four to five
gallons of milk per day) pay towards get¬
ting plenty of good spring water that she
would like and drink freely for the space of
six or eight months, while fresh and at her
best for milk? f. d. r.

Plenty of good pure water is of prime
importance to profitable dairying. A cow
requires about four pounds of water for
every pound of dry matter consumed, and
this means that she needs 80 to 100 pounds
daily. Of course silage and roots or other
watery foods supply some of this, but
most cows, even when fed silage, will use
60 to 90 pounds daily'-. Our experience has
been that when this water supply is cut off
in any manner there is always a shortage of
milk. T personally know of several dairy¬
men whose water froze up last Winter,
and their cows shrunk, many of them one
quart and over each per day. Unless the
outlay to get pure water was beyond com¬

mon sense I should try to get it for them.
I should be inclined to think that the
water they are now getting would have an
injurious effect upon the flavor of the
milk, and certainly if they are not getting
what they want you are losing in their
product constantly, and these little losses
daily eat up profits pretty fast. There is
not any too much money in the business
anyway, and we cannot afford these little
daily leaks. I notice that the dairies pay¬
ing best are those where the comfort and
care of the cows in every particular is
looked after and attended to in the best
manner possible. h. g. Manchester.

OLDER BIRDS FOR BREEDING.

I have about 105 pullets that were bred
from White Wyandotte males. One-half of
the pullets were hatched April 28, and the
other half May 28. They all have been kept
growing well and are fine birds. The April
pullets started laying in November and the
May pullets in December. I wish to run
.two 350 egg incubators (his year and breed
from the pullets. T thought of purchasing
three cockerels. Why do successful poultry-
men generally mate mature birds with pul¬
lets? Which would you advise to purchase?

* JERSEYMAN.

There is generally a good reason when
you find all of the best breeders following
a certain method, and it is well to look
into the wliys and wherefores before you
condemn or change the methods. In this
case we have reason as well as custom to
sustain us in only breeding from old or
mature stock. The young stock is imma¬
ture, and the chicks lack the vitality which
is so necessary to grow a flock of Winter
layers. It is of no use to say never breed
from pullets, for sometimes we have no
old stock, and in order to get a start we
must breed from pullets at a loss to their
vitality. As the male is half the flock
we should use an older male in order to
remedy the blunder as much as possible,
but in using the older birds we must use
more of them, as they are not so active as
the young ones. It is certainly good
business to save the best of the hens for
one, two or even three years, as they are
rarely out of business for more than two
months in the year, and it takes five to six
months to grow a pullet to laying age, and
for breeding the hens are far superior to
the pullets. fi.oyp q. white.

hand cream
separator has
become a fixed
fact in dairy
economy all
you need de¬
cide is the kind
of separator
you will buy.

The Omega

SEPARATOR

offers the advantage of being
the simplest, easiest to run, eas¬
iest to clean and the cleanest
skimmer on the market. Made
in various sizes to suit every re¬
quirement. Gets all the butter
fat in the milk and produces a
heavy, high per cent cream.

Our book, Milk Returns, tells about
the Omega and its points of superior¬
ity. Ask for the book— it’s free. We
want agents everywhere. Special offers
to experienced separator salesmen.

The Omega Separator Co.,

30 Concord St. Department S

Lanslngj Mich. Minneapolis, Minn

ROE’S FAMOUS HERD

Pure Bred Holstein=Friesian Cattle
to be sold Before April, ’05

Throat trouble makes it necessary for me to
move to a drier, milder climate. At this place
more great A. R. O. record cows have been bred
than at aDy other pl-ee in the world. Aaggie
Cornucopia Pauline, the Champion Butter Cow
of the World, was trcd and is now owned here.
Herd will be sold either singly or all to one pur¬
chaser.

H. D. ROE, Augusta, N. J.

If you skim by the old setting method you leave
cream in the skim milk which you feed to your
stock. This is in reality feeding butter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take all the butter fatont of your milk. It will in¬
crease the butter production one-fifth. It will give
you warn sweet skim milk for feeding. The

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It has a very
simple howl construction, making
it easy t o wash. 1 1 is also the easiest
running of nil separators. Write
for our Book so, telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. This
nlan requires no paymentuntU
' the Separator has proven its
worth after five days’ trial.
Then comes a small cash
payment; the balance in
easy monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY 3IACHIXE CO.
NEWARK, N. J.

General W estern Agents :
Hastings Industrial Co., 79
Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
Desirable Agents
wanted In unoccupied territory.

OEDNEY FARM

Li. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden- Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersev bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
S I HEAMP1R and GOLDEN FERN S LAD out of im ¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BKRKSHIKK
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE VVVANDOTTES.

l-&~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng. Lock Box 48, Hightstown, N. J.

15 Years’ Experience

FROST™

BEST.

n

In the manufacture of Wire Fence has enabled us to
offer to the American farmer, a new system far
superior to all others. Sample and descriptive circu¬
lar mailed on application.

Want Power?

Steam’s the dependable thing. Cheapest and made
simple enough and safe
enough for any user and
any purpose by

LEFFEL

Steam Engines.

Leffel stands always for
highest efficiency— w e 1 1
shown In its line of small
powers adapted to farm
uses. Quick steamers and
equal to any duty.
Blany styles in up¬
rights and horizon¬
tals. Before you buy
inquire into Leffel
efficiency. Write for
large free catalog.

The James
Leffel & Co.,

Box 146

Springfield.O.

IWANS’ Post Hole

AND WELL

For Fence and Telephone Poet Hole s, Wells , Prospecting, otc. A man
can do throe time* tho work with an Iwan Auger than with any other.

Shea 3 to 10 inch.

Used by U. S. Qov't. r $2.50 each; 12 inch,

$6.00:14 inch. $8 .00.
Inquire of jour hard¬
ware or implement
dealer, or write us
for particulars and
Sample at special price to

Agents Wanted.

circulars of our tools you need on the farm. _ _ _

I introduce. Iwun Brothers, Dept. No, 4, Streator, IU.

IT IS
LOADED

with

MEND-A-RIP"

AGENTS

kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

Does all kinds
and

Save tub Prics of Itbklf
Many Times a Year. A Perfect
Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show It Means a Sale* Agents
make from $8 to $15 a day* One
made $20 first day and writes to Hurry
to him. Write for special agents' price.

Foundry Co., Fredericktown, 0%

Great Agents Supply House .

HAVE YOU A HORSE OR A COW ?

To introduce our Fixine Vet. Remedies wewillmail
our Valuable Book free. It tell all about lameness
and other horse and cattle ailments; how to detect,
locate and cure them. Write for It.

A-lxiue Chemical Co., Vet. Dept. 29, Troy, N. Y.

THE FR08T WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade, Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls;
Barb Wire, galvanized, 3c. per rod, in 80
and 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. Write your wants. Catalog/ree.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

WHALEBONE

BUGGY
OFFER
Our 1905 Model

Sold under a positive 2 Year Guarantee

on One Full Month's Free Trial

Buy Whalebone Buggies for
wear and style. Highest qual¬
ity, lowest price. Elegant iu
design and best in America.
Send for un pa railed offer.
FREE Catalogue shows
vehicles for every purpose.

I THE WHALEBONE CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.
Cincinnati, Ohio 171 West oth Street

I

DIRECT TO YOU Price*/

By buying direct from us you
et factory prices with no mid-
lemen’s profit, you get every-
that is latest, best and
most durable. Our large
free catalogue tells all
about our no money with
order plan, freight offer,
two years guaranty and
_ howweshipanywhereon

RETAIL PRICE^4ff| D|Os FREETRIAL

We make 140 styles of vehicles from $S£8.4>0 up
and 100 styles of harness from #4*40 up.

W rite today for Free Money Saving Catalogue .

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO.,

8 527, Cincinnati, O.

CIDER

PRESSES.

Investigate the“ Monarch”
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
struction, Added Con¬
veniences, Maximum
Capacity and .Results.
Catalogue free.

MONARCH MACHINERY COMPANY,
41 Cortlandt Street, New York.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE ^afsgsw?-

admits air to the soil. In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. W rite
_ for wlrnt you want and prices. johh u. jackson, ia Third he., Albany, n. y.

"We The Freight.

PEERLESS SCALES $35.00.

For Farm and Stock usage they are nequaled. Tho
“Peerless” is a 6-ton C mpound Beam, Wagon and
Stoek Scale. Its material and workmanship is of the best obtainable, and each scale is
guaranteed for fire years. This is not an im rior Scale, and in order to con-
vince, will send it n thirty days’ trial. Send for our catalogue. Address
PEERLESS SCALE C9., Milwaukee and Ft. Scott Aves., Dept, z Kansas City, Mo.

Don’t
buy a
Vehicle
of any
kind until
you get our
New Vehicle
Catalog

i We ShiponSO Days Trial

We Don’t Ask for Any Money with Order

ns

25 v

Our
Terms
Are the
Most
Liberal
Ever
Made.

CUT THIS AD OUT and send it to us and we will mail you free the most complete catalogue of vehicles ever printed. r
lowest ever made Don’t buy a vehicle of any kTnduntil you ^ePour lgofcatetoffi® ^^ents^therefore^ur prices

and see our astonishingly low prices and themost liberal terms ever made. 1 ue “™,,“ —

The cuts
are the

pntiu. ' vi V/mpiVJ UG vO, vUvlUlvlU vUl j/1 ILCo (11 U L 1 1 u

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

io4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 11,

A MASSACHUSETTS “HUSKING."

This is a self-centered age, especially
in rural communities. We are all so
busy that we find little time to meet with
neighbors for social enjoyment. Happy is
the method by which this may be accom¬
plished by combining business and pleas¬
ure. If there are any who think there
is no place in this twentieth century for
the old-fashioned gaieties of our grand¬
fathers, let him have a “husking” next
year and see how much pleasure and good
feeling it will afford, and perhaps inci¬
dentally some profit. We have had three,
the picture, big. 44, being taken after our
last one in 1902. The last two years we
have not had corn enough for one. There
were 75 present, men, women and chil¬
dren, who husked 2j4 hours, about 200
bushels of husked corn being the result
of the evening’s work. The usual husk¬
ing supper was served afterwards, and a
royal good time was enjoyed by all from
beginning to end. The first husking was
rather hard work at both house and barn,
but by studying methods we simplified
things very much, and the last one was
comparatively easy. A long bin was built
along the center of the barn floor, as seen
in the picture. The ears were picked off
the stalks and piled around the bin on
both sides and at the ends. Outside the
piles joists were placed for seats, the
husked corn being easily thrown into the
bin. This saved much hard work and

membet green stufT will not keep unless
the air is thoroughly expelled. The shal¬
low depth will be hard to overcome, but
you may succeed by using the above-
mentioned precaution. H. K. c.

BUTTER MAKING AT HOME.

The article on page 14 in regard to Win¬
ter butter impels me to write the method
I use. I find it easier to make butter in
Winter than Summer; not half the worry.
I have three cows, a six-year-old Jersey,
a grade of four years, and a two-year-old
grade heifer; the four-year-old fresh in
October, the others fresh last Spring. They
are fed two feeds daily of cut cornstalks,
one of hay or oat feed, one bushel of man¬
gels, divided among them, a small feed of
bran at night. I am making now 13
pounds weekly. T make butter for custo¬
mers the year around ; those who prefer
the handmade to creamery. My pantry
being too cold, 1 had a cupboard built that
will hold 20 pans of milk; it stands in the
kitchen, with door open at all times when
there is no dust or steam. Each night I
put the pans of the previous day’s milk on
the stove till it wrinkles or just com¬
mences, then skim those pans; the next
morning add a li’tle salt and set the pail
in the cupboard. I churn every third day;
have no trouble in its coming, generally in
a half hour, often much less. I set the
cream pail in a pan of hot water, raise it
to 65 degrees in very cold weather, never

AFTER THE HUSKING IN A NEW ENGLAND BARN. Fig. 44.

confusion. In the house the use of white
paper for table cloths and paper napkins,
all purchased for a few cents, eliminated
the linen problem. The fewer the vari¬
eties on the table the better — baked beans,
brown bread, apple and pumpkin pie, with
hot coffee and Fall fruit is all that is
necessary, and more enjoyed than more
elaborate fare. Wre were not troubled
with lack of people, but it was quite a
problem to keep the number down to our
limit. Written invitations were sent out
instead of a public announcement. The
work accomplished was satisfactory, and
the resultant good feeling more than
paid. c. c. j.

Amesbury, Mass.

ALFALFA IN THE SILO.

Last September I put Alfalfa in a cemented
cistern in an inclosed building; packed it
as solid as possible, then covered it with old
newspapers, then boards, and weighted with
stones, expecting to have green Alfalfa for
my chickens this Winter. I have taken about
a foot off the top ; it seems to be all rotten
and wet, like manure. What is the cause V
I never put in silage before. Did I do it
right? If not, what is the proper way to put
it down? 0. H.

Warrensville, N. J.

You fail to give the entire depth of
the Alfalfa silage. You may have one
foot of decayed stuff, and then some that
is all right if you dig deeper. I should
not expect with so shallow a filling that
you would keep the Alfalfa all green.
Again, I judge it was put in whole, very
much against close packing. I would sug¬
gest another trial with the Alfalfa cut fine
and thoroughly wet with water at time
of filling, treading well, and then weight¬
ing with stone as you did before. Re-

over that. Just before churning I add 12
drops of butter color to that amount of
cream. I would not advise the making of
Winter butter to those who have a house
filled with tobacco smoke or strong odors
from cooking. I keep some fire all night
when it is very cold, as it will not do to
let the milk or cream freeze. mrs. f.

Connecticut. _

Finnegan : “Oh, yis, Oi can under-
slitand how thim astronomers can calkilate
tli’ distance av a shtarr, its weight, and
dinsity and color and all thot — but th’
thing thot gets me is, how th’ divvle do
they know its name.” — Puck.

Veterinary rr>1717
sAdvice JT KHiij

Ur. S. A. Tuttle, a veterinary Bur¬
geon of long experience lias writ¬
ten a book entitled “Veterinary
Experience” on the diseases of
horses, giving symptoms and
treatment in plain terms. It is
fully illustrated with diagrams
showing the skeleton and eircu-
. latory and digestive systems with
•references that make them plain.
'Tells how to buy a horse and
know whether it is sound or not. Every horse owner
should have one. It is sent to any one.

TUTTLE’S ELIXIR

is the only guaranteed cure for Colic, Curb, recent
Shoe Bolls and Callous. It locates lameness, relieves

and cures Spavins, Ring Bone, Cockle Joints. Crease
Heel, Scratches, Catarrh, etc. Send today and get the
book free and information about Dr. Tuttle’s specifics.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co. 30 Beverly St. Boston, Mass,

Avoid all blisters: they are only temporary relief.

How would you buy a million
dollars’ worth of separators!

You would, learn everything about
them. Try them everywhere, every-
how. Investigate from “A” to “Iz-
i zard.” The John Deere Plow peo¬
ple did so and have bought, out¬
right, after exhaustive trials and
thorough examination, nearly

A Million Dollars Worth

of Tubular Cream Separators. They
bought to sell — staked a million, and a
world wide reputation, on Tubular
quality. More positive proofof Tubu¬
lar superiorityis im¬
possible. The low
supply can— simple,
easy to wash, tubular
bowl-are found only
in Sharpies Tubular
Separators. Big im-
plement dealers — the
strongest houses in
1 the world, those who
( get first choice-know
this and select the
Tubular. Such are'J
the Dairy Outfit Co.. ■

England; Richter &

, Robert, Germany ; S. Plissonler, France;

! Newell & Co., Australia; Runciman &
Co.. Argentine. In their judgmentTu-
bulars are best and their judgment Is
dependable— is right. Ask for catalog
No. D- L>3.

Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, Illinois West Chester, Pa.

$r* £*.oo Cream
Separator

FOR$25.00 W e sell the

celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR, capacity, 200
pounds per hour; X50 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for $29.00:
S00 pounds capacity per hour for
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal or Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
$75.00 to $1 25.00.

OUR OFFER, you'a Sepa¬
rator on our 30 days free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement If you
do not find by comparison,
test and use that it will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa-
lator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepaid for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once ami mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mall, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO.; CHICAGO.

38 YEARS 38

making mills has perfected the

Built in
Eight
Sizes

1 to 20
Horse
Power

s

Never Jumps the Track.

Cannot he pushed, hooked or blown off; don’t bind or
run hard. “The best hanger on earth” is the

FLEXIBLE DOUBLE TREAD
BARN DOOR HANGER.

Double set of .h angers. Absolute center draft. Carrier wheels
are roller hearimr. Always true and easy runnine, never out of
order. Ask for free catalog of Hay Tools and field and farm
bar Iware appliances.

LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, la.

Quaker City.

They are ball bearing, conse¬
quently easy running. Grind
all kinds of small grain and ear
corn at the same time or sepa¬
rately. Can t be beat for making
table meal. Require less pow¬
er than any other mill on the
market. Sent on Trial. Freight
paid. Send for free catalogue.

TL. I 11/ Clvniik Pn 3787 KilbcrtSt., Philadelphia, Pa.
lllG A.n.OlrdUu LlU. 47-ffi Canal St., Chicago, Ilia.

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different l
from all others. Handiest to operate and \

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 sizes— 2 to 25 horse power. One style for |
windwheel use. ( Also make Sweep ‘
Grinders— Geared and Plain.)

" N. BOWSHER, South Bend, Ind.

THE

SMITH

Great Western Apron

Manure Spreader

QDRF A flQ a kinds of manure, straw stack bottoms and commercial fertilizer regard-
vrnCNUw less of their condition. Spreads as much in a day as IS men can by hand. Spreads the
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes the same amount of manure go three time* as far and
produce better results; makes all manure fine andimmediately available for plant food.
NnM-QIlNPUADI IT D A If C forms a hopper, holds all hard chunks in contact
BlUI«"DUIlunHDLC IlnlVE With beater until thoroughly pulverized.

Film FQQ A DRMI is one coutinous apron, (not a Vt. apron) therefore always ready to
LIIULLvw Hi nUll load. You don’t have to drive a certain distance to pull it back
into position after each load or wind it back by hand; it is a great advantage in making long hauls.
TUFRF IQ NO fiFAEHUft about our Endless Apron to break and cause trouble,
intnt lw II U U Ln (II Ih U it is always up out of the way of obstructions as it
does not extend below axle. Spreads evenly from start to finish and cleans out perfectly clean,
ftinnn AMD cun RATE keeps manure away from beater while loading; pre-
F1UUU HI1U EHU UH I C vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch
when starting and acts as wind shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated
while in motion to spread thick or thin, 3 to 25 loads per acre.

I imiT n D A CT because the load is nearly equally balanced on front and rear axles.
LlUnl UtlHr I The team is as near the load as it can work. Front and rear axles are
the samelength and wheels track; beater shaft runs in ball and socket bearings, therefore no friction.
Beater is 23 inches in diameter, seat turns over when loading. Machine turnsin its own length
QIMDI I f*l T Y There are only two levers on our machine. One which raises the hoodj
OllHiLIUII I locks it and throws the machine in gear at the same time. It can then
be thrown in and out of gear without lowering the hood. One lever which changes
feed to spread tljick or thin, making it so simple that a boy who can drive a team can handle it.
CTDCURTU AUll VlllDADII ITY isoneof the most important points to be
O I IlCliU I II MSlu UUltHDILII I considered in a manure spreader. TheGreat
Western has a good, strong, durable wheel. Extra strong spoke and rim, heavy steel tires. Strong, well
braced box with heavy oak sill. Oak tongue, hickory doubletrees, malleable castings, gears and
sprockets all keyed on. Galvanized hood. Every partis made extra strong, regard less of cost. Itis
made for the man who wants the best; made in four sizes, 30, 50, 70 and 100 bushel capacity.
fSIIARAUTFF sbou*G any part break, wear out or get out of order within one year we
UUHilHIl I CC replace free of charge. Send for free catalogue, showing latest improve¬
ments. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.

15 S. Clinton Street, _ CHICAGO, ILL.

iimniioiiiiHi
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1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

io5

THA T A YRSHIRE CREAM PROBLEM.

Regarding the grade Ayrshire heifers
mentioned on page 65, I think a good deal
depends on the sire. If the mothers were
Ayrshire bred to a Holstein sire he
would better dispose of them, and get
something else. If, on the other hand,
the sire was Jersey or Guernsey, they
would give very good milk, and be profit¬
able to keep. Get a Jersey or Guernsey
sire, and as the herd increases in num¬
ber the milk will produce more cream.
The amount of cream taken from a 40-
quart can of milk varies considerably with
different cows, from four to five quarts
being a fair average. The amount of ma¬
chinery required depends upon the amount
of help he has, and size of the bottles.
If quart bottles and plenty of help he
can do the work without machinery after
the cream is separated; if one-half pint
bottles are used a bottle-filler will be
necessary. He must have power of some
kind to operate his separater, as a heifer
in a tread power would get too tired run¬
ning the milk necessary to produce 80
quarts of cream. By all means the better
plan would be to buy the milk if the
neighbors can be depended on to feed the
cows for quality instead of quantity of
milk. I would advise the inquirer to be¬
gin in a small way, and as he acquires ex¬
perience increase the amount of cream
produced until he meets the demands of
his customer. F. r. hunt.

Tf H. W. E.’s Ayrshires give four per
cent milk they will pay very well to sell
cream from. If not it would be advisa¬
ble to replace them with high-grade Jer¬
seys. A good milk cooler is absolutely
necessary if the cream is to be bottled.
The sooner the cream is cooled from the
temperature of the cow to about 45 de¬
grees the longer it will keep sweet. I
think three cents per quart very near the
cost of making milk. As a 40-quart can of
good milk will make from six to eight
quarts of good thick cream I think IT. W.
E. will have a very good thing by buying
his milk at three cents per quart for the
year, and the nearby farmers will have
the work of tending the cows.

JOHN H. JANNEV.

PRODUCTIVE POWER BREEDERS.

It is interesting to read on page 33 of
I he R. N.-Ys the views of some of the
best breeders of Guernsey cattle on a
fancy point. Breeders feel that it is
no discredit to have a black-nosed animal
for productive power, but for sale pur¬
poses, as Mr. Hill says, it makes $100
difference. Now can the Guernsey breed¬
ers breed for productive power and the
fancy points at the same time, and win
marked success in every respect? It is
like breeding these dual-purpose animals
that we hear so much about. In breeding
we should have a specific purpose in view.
We should not breed along different lines.
And I was in hopes that this was the
specific object of the Guernsey breeders,
as evinced by the advanced registry sys¬
tem. But we find they have their weak
points, as shown by these articles.

I am resting now in the feeling that
the Holstein-Friesian breeders are the
true productive power breeders. To be
sure, we have read of the Holstein-Frie¬
sian being good for both beef and dairy
purposes, but did you ever know of one
being bought to be bred for this dual
object? It would have been against her
true characteristics. She has never been
bred, to my knowledge, for beef pur¬
poses. All animals that have been im¬
ported have come because they have been
great producers, or because their line
of ancestry were great producers. The
specific purpose of the Holstein-Friesian
breeders has been to breed for productive
power. This object has been fostered
by the great milk records of our animals,
and an added zest to this purpose wai
made at the establishing of the advanced
registry system. We look with pride to
the records of famous cows of the past,
of our breeding for productive power;
Pietertje 2nd, for instance. She milked
30,318 pounds 8 ounces of milk in a year.

her best daily yield being 100 pounds and
best average for a month 106 pounds, the
twelfth month 57 pounds 4 ounces. Her
great daughter Milla, or Pietertje 3d,
milked 1 13 pounds in one day. It was
only last April that Aaggie Cornucopia
Pauline made a world’s record of 34.31
pounds of butter at less than five years of
age.

DeKol 2nd has an A. R. O. record of
26.02 pounds of butter in a week, and
she has a list of sons that no cow can
beat for producing qualities, as well as
being the head of that noted line of pro¬
ducing bulls, namely, Paul DeKol, DeKol
2nd's Paul DeKol, and Paul Beets DeKol.
Paul DeKol is the sire of 37 A. R. O.
daughters, six with records over 20
pounds, and 15 sons who have 91 A. R. O.
daughters. DeKol 2nd’s Paul DeKol, the
sire of the world record cow, is the sire
of 41 A. R. O. daughters, 19 with records
over 20 pounds, the average being 23.2.1
pounds, 37 whose records average 20
pounds, 18 sons who have 115 A. R. O.
daughters. He has 39 A. R. O. sis¬
ters 20 brothers who have 128 A. R. O.
daughters. Paul Beets DeKol is sire of
10 A. R. O. 23-pound plus daughters, 33
other A. R. O. daughters, three sons
who have three A. R. O. daughters. He
has 41 A. R. O. sisters, 19 with records
over 20 pounds, and 19 brothers who
have 79 A. R. O. daughters. This is only
one example of breeding on and on for
productive power. Many Holsteins are
bought on pedigree alone as showing
great productive power. We do not care
whether our animals are nearly white,
like old DeKol 2nd, or nearly black, like
Helena Burke. The main thing in our
minds is to get animals that have the
conformation, and the ability to do the
business, and the fancy points will take
care of themselves. w. m. knox.

A Hen Report. — Our White Leghorns are
doing quite well in egg production at present,
one-third of them laying each day. This is
a fair record when we explain that meat food
lias been given but a few weeks. Our yearling
hens are doing fully as well as our early-
hatched pullets, and we attribute this to the
early moult, which can be brought about by
very light feeding for a week or 10 days,
which reduces the weight of the hen and
causes the feathers to drop very fast. This
is followed by heavy feeding of food rich in
protein, such as green bone or beef scraps,
wheat or bran ; also sunflower seeds are high¬
ly recommended. 'This supplies the material
for the new feathers, and when fully feath¬
ered out and in good flesh they will commence
their woik for the Winter, producing high-
priced eggs. We think the secret of Winter
egg production lies in comfortable houses,
clean water, a variety of grains fed in clean
litter on the floors, causing the hens to take
plenty of exercise, and plenty of cut clover
and green bone or beef scraps.

C. H. ZIMMER.

TWO WORLD’S RECORDS

THAT CONCERN EVERY" FARMER AND DAIRYMAN

ARE HELD BY

THE IMPROVED

U. S. CREAM SEPARATOR

THE WORLD’S CHAMPION
DAIRY BUTTERMAKER

The SWEEPSTAKES, and every
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Quality Wins!

The World’s
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The U. S. Cream Separator has |
indisputably and conclusively proven
that it is the closest skimming separator
in the world. In 50 consecutive runs it
averaged to leave only .0138 of one
fer cent, of butter fat in the skimmilk.

NEVER EQUALLED BY ANY OTHER SEPARATOR

1 Now these records mean something to YOU. Find out about it.

|Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Transfer houses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Portland, Me,
Kansas City, Mo., Buffalo, N. Y., San Francisco, Cal , Montreal and Sher¬
brooke, Que., Hamdton, Ont. Address all letters to Bellows Falls

389

null;'""

"•ii

PARSONS’ “LOW-DOWN ” WAGONS
Are OOOD for the man with a BAD

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and not

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back

Write for
Catalogue

PARS0NS"L0W-D0WN" WAGON WORKS, Earlvil le, N . Y

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
Jess power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4.8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.

TUGS. ROBERTS,
Box 93. Springfield. O.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water Bt., Syracuse, N Y.

—

Our latent pattern
Pitless Scale.
(Patents Pending.^

BRANCH, DAYTON. OHIO.

You Can Save From $30 to $50

...BY BUYING OUR...

“KNODIGL”

No Pit to Dig. 8 laches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale Is complete when it leaves our factory, with
the exception of floor plunks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

See Exhibit Pure Bred I.lve Stock Record Bldg., Chicago.

Knowledge-

not guesswork

DR- HESS ( M.D., D.V.S.)
IN HIS

LABORATORY

Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) who formulated Dr. Hess StockFood, is a
regularly licensed Doctorof Medicine and a Veterinary Surgeon. He is
a graduate of the University of Wooster, Cleveland, Ohio; Matriculate
of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md. , and a graduate of
the Chicago Veterinary College, and in addition is a practical stock feeder
of many years’ experience. Dr. Hess Stock Food is a medicinal food prepared
from a highly successful prescription used by Dr. Hess in his many years regular
practice before the food was put on the market.

It requires only common sense to see that unprofessional manufacturers cannot
equal a preparation formulated by a practical physician and based upon accurate know¬
ledge, long experience and observation. Furthermore,

L HESS STOCK FOOD

FOR CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP AIMD HORSES

SDKSKSk u',d a“"“1,a“ve «• ““ •' ““ &

per lb. in 100 lb. sacks, 25 lb. pail $1.60. f Except in Canada
Smaller quantities a little higher. Small dose. ( West andSo'uth.

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

1>R. Utbs bT OCR BOOK FREE, if you will mention this paper, state how much stock you have and what kind of stock food you have*

. • - - - J n littl AUIU VI

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry l'an-a-ce-a and Instaut Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

io6

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Col ling wood, Editor.

DlS. WALTER VAN FLEET,

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, | Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, J2.04,
equal to 8s. Cd., or 8% marks, or 10 Va francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for s'rictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Last year, at the time for using it, we talked repeat¬
edly about water glass for preserving eggs. “The Busi¬
ness Hen" repeats the story. Now we receive letters
from old readers who ask : “What is this water glass
anyway?” If some one had advertised a “sure method”
of preserving eggs and charged a dollar for the “secret”
— our old friend water glass under a new name — those
people would very likely have sent the dollar, saved the
eggs and then perhaps criticised us for advertising a
“fraud” !

*

Read that article on the first page about the parcels
post in France. M. Barbe makes a powerful argument
in favor of this just and simple service. The average
American who does not own stock in some big express
company will want to know why France can provide
such excellent service for Frenchmen, while America
refuses to grant it to Americans. The reason is very
clear. Your average American is satisfied to let the ex¬
press companies decide such matters for him. He may
not he exactly satisfied, but still he lacks the something
necessary to make him get out and fight for his rights.
We shall never have a parcels post while we sit down
and sulk about it. It is one of the things which must
be won, and not accepted as a gift! You will notice
that in France they are well past the time when people
ask whether railroads are public or private property.
The shareholders are protected, and so are the railroad
men, but the government controls.

*

We have several times referred to the fearful destruc¬
tion wrought by the Gypsy moth and Brown-tail moth in
Massachusetts. These insects are fearful pests, destroy¬
ing not only orchard trees, but forest trees as well.
The insects are spreading, and unless a general and com¬
bined warfare is made against them the fruit growing
interests not only of the East, but of the entire country
will be ruined. The fight against the San Jose scale is
hard enough, but with these moths added the fruit
grower may as well go out of business. These new
insects can be held in check or even exterminated if the
work is done thoroughly and at once. The job is too
large for any single State — the National Government
must handle it. This work is just as important as
that of fighting the Cotton boll-weevil.- Massachusetts
has shown how to kill these new insects — the National
Government must now help us destroy them. Let every
fruit grower join in the demand!

*

The demand for railroad legislation that will prevent
some of the present abuses is overwhelming. Let no
one makes the mistake of supposing that this is a new
or sudden awakening on the part of the people. For
years they have been thinking the matter over, but they
have just come to the point where they are able to give
fair expression to their thought. That is the way such
things grow. The people discuss them, and study them
sometimes for years, and it seems as if they were mak¬
ing no progress at all. At last the time seems right for
action, and it appears that all the study and talk of the
past has been useful, even necessary, in order to make

true reforms possible. The evils of the “rebate" system
and other methods of giving advantage to one shipper
at the expense of another are well understood. There
are few besides those who are profiting by these dis¬
honest methods who object to some form of legislation
which will correct the evils. Even these men, if they
were wise, would see that the more they object and the
more they fight against public opinion the harder their
position will be in the end. The temper of the American
people at present is to he just and fair to recognize the
rights of the rich as well as those of the poor. If, how¬
ever, the wealthy are not ready to join with the poor
to kill out abuses of privilege or unfair advantage they
must expect to have these things taken from them with
no gentle hand. Many bills are being introduced in Con¬
gress. Evidently the object is to confuse the public and
scatter the forces which demand legislation of some sort.
Farmers are especially interested in this. They should
put themselves solidly back of the plan to enlarge the
powers of the present Interstate Commerce Commission,
so that it may not only make rulings, but also enforce
them.

*

Every year some one comes forward with new prep¬
arations for killing the San Jose scale. A farm paper
claimed for a time that caustic soda was a sure remedy.
We had neighbors who tried it without benefit — with
injury to their trees. Its use is now largely given up.
This year several so-called “remedies” are advertised.
The object is to obtain a powder or liquid that will
prove as effective as the lime and sulphur wash, and be
easier to mix and apply. We tried one of these prep¬
arations, and found that it was fairly effective. On the
strength of this experiment we felt justified in accepting
the advertisement. Another preparation was offered, and
we obtained a variety of reports from practical and pro¬
fessional men. These reports varied. It did not kill all
the scale, and cost four or five times as much as the
lime and sulphur. There was a general expression of
opinion that the parties offering the “remedy” were hon¬
est, and that with further experimenting they might
make an effective wash. We thought it safe to insert
the advertisement, trusting to the common sense of our
readers to use such an expensive wash in an experimental
way. The proprietor complained because we would nof
advise the use of his wash as we do limoid and kero¬
sene. The answer to this was easy, because all know
that kerosene is an effective insecticide, and it seems
likely that limoid is the best means of holding it up
against the tree. The other remedy is an experiment.
We have no right to do more than suggest its use in a
small way; in fact, we have not even done that publicly.
We are also criticised by some of the entomologists for
printing the advertisements, since their experiments
show that the materials have little value. For example,
Prof. J. B. Smith tried “Consol” on peach trees and
concludes that as it failed to kill the scales in Summer
it is not likely to succeed as a Winter wash. In reply
to this the manufacturers say that they now have a
stronger and more effective mixture. We bring this up
to show how difficult it is to decide such matters with¬
out doing injustice to somebody. We have generally
found that readers of The R. N.-Y. can safely he trusted
to settle matters of this kind with a fair statement of
the facts.

*

THE “ BEEF TRUST” DECISION.

The Supreme Court has unanimously decided against
the “Beef Trust” in the famous injunction case. As this
is a matter of great importance to farmers we give a
brief review of it. In 1890 Congress passed what is
known as the Sherman act, which declared every con¬
tract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or
commerce among States or with foreign nations to be
illegal. It also declares that those who monopolize or
attempt to monopolize or combine or conspire to monop¬
olize trade are guilty of misdemeanor. There have been
various opinions about the constitutionality of this law
and how far the courts could go in enforcing it. Under
this act the Government brought suit against the “Beef
Trust,” that is, a combination of meat buyers and packers
who control about 60 per cent of the trade in fresh
meat. It was claimed that this Beef Trust attempted to
restrain trade in various ways. They conspire to prevent
competition. The buyers of the various concerns agree
upon a price and refrain from bidding against each other.
They also induce large shipments of stock to a certain
point by bidding up the price. When the yards are
crowded they stop bidding against each other, lower the
price and thus buy the stock for less than it is worth.
They also conspire to fix prices for meat arbitrarily, and
“blacklist” dealers who do not carry out their demands.
They also secure “rehates” and special privileges from
railroads which give them an unfair advantage over
their rivals.

The Government called for relief by asking the court
to enjoin the “Beef Trust” from continuing each and any
of these unlawful proceedings. The United States Cir¬
cuit Court of Illinois granted the injunction, thus making

it definitely illegal for the “Beef Trust” to do these
specified things. The “Beef Trust” through its lawyers
demurred, that is, tried to delay. The court ordered
them to answer the charges, but they refused to do so.
The court accepted this as a confession, and the case
went to the Supreme Court, the “Beef Trust” asking
that the injunction be removed. The Government had
merely to restate its case, point out that the “Beef
Trust” confessed and give legal precedents. The “Beef
Trust” claimed as its chief argument that the business of
buying stock and selling meat is not interstate commerce,
so that the National Government has nothing to do with
it. What the court has actually decided is that the in¬
junction stands, that the National Government has juris¬
diction in such cases, and that under the Sherman law
monopoly in restraint of trade can be punished. The
Government cannot force the beef packers to bid against
each other, but it can punish them if they conspire to
destroy competition. Before this decision was rendered
it was not known that the members of the “Beef Trust”
could be punished for restraining trade. Now it is
known that they can be. Thus it will be seen that this
decision is indirectly of vast iipportance to business.
No one expects that as the result of it the price of live
stock will immediately rise, and the price of dressed beef
at once drop. It will, however, give the Government a
chance to punish illegal dealing, and if -this is done as
it should be we shall gradually feel the effect of broader
and fairer competition. The decision will also give the
common people renewed confidence in their power, and
renewed hope for their future. The forces of justice are
now definitely arrayed against the powers that seek to
restrain and monopolize trade. Judge Grosscup, who
granted the injunction in this case, is quoted as saying
that this decision opens the greatest National movement
since the abolition of slavery, that is, to bring business
back from the great corporations into the hands of the
people. To us it seems to make clearer than ever the
ultimate control by the Government of public utilities.
The trusts are to kill themselves by their own selfish
greed !

*

The Minnesota Experiment Station has begun the in¬
vestigation of fence wire, pipe and nails. With regard
to nails many strange things come up. Some of them
are stated in the following letter

You will remember that before we began using wire nails
there was a time when cut nails were made from soft steel.
These nails were much tougher rv<an the cut iron nails, but
were in use only a few years belore the wire nails came into
use and displaced them. I am now trying to find out
whether these cut steel nails were as subject to rust as the
wire nails. Do you know, or can you find out from any of
your readers who did building at the time the steel cut nails
were in use, whether these nails rust as the wire nails do?
I would like particularly to hear from anyone who used
these nails in shingle roofs. I should also like to know
whether there is any difference in the durability of nails
used in pine and cedar shingles. Some people claim that
the cedar shingles are at fault where comparatively new
roofs are giving out, but I think the fault lies in the ma¬
terial in the nails. j. m. drew.

Now here is a chance for readers to help. If any used
those cut steel nails, will they please give us the facts
about them? Be careful to state exact experience, for
guesswork or mere observation will be of little value.

BREVITIES.

Laziness is a sit rust fruit.

Those “extra fancy Baldwins!” Did any such apples ever
leave your farm?

The hollow concrete building blocks are said to he “beyond
the experimental stage" in the West.

A French expert, claims that risk of loss in transplanting
budding trees is lessened by moving them in the dead of night.

That auto fiend who recently ran a mile in 32 4-5 seconds
is making a strong bid for first position in the galaxy of fools.

What is the Apple Consumers’ League of Rochester, N. Y.,
doing when the hotels put wormy windfall apples on the
table?

We are now told to set a fence corner post by digging a
fair-sized hole, putting the post at the center and pouring
in a thin concrete to fill the hole. When this hardens it is
said to hold the post firmly.

A rural delivery man in New Jersey is said to have
found the following note in a patron’s mail box : “Please
feed the pigs. We have gone away for the day.” The next
thing will probably be a request to work an hour at the
wood pile or pitch on a load of hay.

This comes from western New York : “A joke I heard to¬
day was on II. G. Manchester’s article of December 17 on
feeding apple pomace to cows. Some men were discussing
the question, when the joker spoke up, saying: ‘Why, that's
the way they get apple butter.’ ” That is what you may
call “butting in."

The Smithville, Mo., Herald says that a young man in
Platte County is in a quandary. He lives on a farm, but has
been courting a girl in town. Finally he asked her to marry
him. She seemed willing, but said she could never live on a
farm. lie then proposed moving to town and engaging in
some other business, and she said if he was fool enough to
do that, she wouldn’t have him. lie is still figuring.

A young man who asked advice about a short course at an
agricultural college has finally decided : "I am going March
1 to the Alfalfa section in New York to study Alfalfa and
Guernsey cattle. Your articles last Summer have fired me
on. I have had six years’ experience witli Alfalfa here, and
know it can be grown if we meet the conditions.”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

io7

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The Red Star liner Vaderland, from Ant¬
werp. arrived at New York January 24. after a tumultuous
voyage, during which 10 steerage passengers died from sea¬
sickness. They were poorly nourished Hungarians of low
vitality, and their quarters being forward, where the mo¬
tion of the ship was most violent, they were badly shaken
and weakened by previous lack of food.. . . A great

snowstorm centered about New York January 25, causing
much delay in traffic. It was followed by the coldest day
of the Winter, and much suffering resulted; 2,000 street
cleaners in New Y'ork were reported suffering from frost
bites, and nine deaths from exposure. Suburban travel
was greatly crippled and the city's supply of milk and
produce was cut short. A number of serious fires occurred
in New York during the blizzard, one in a big East Side
malt house causing a loss of $150,000. Stalled in a snow¬
drift for many hours, four carloads of hogs on an Erie
Railroad stock train became so ravenously hungry that they
attacked one another, and except for the intervention of
trainmen many of the hogs would have been eaten. The
trainmen, after hard labor, succeeded in getting the engine
and one car of the train to Chester, N. Y., where enough
food was procured to save the animals from starving. After
remaining prisoners all the afternoon and night of January
25, in one of the day coaches of the Long Island Railroad
in a deep cut between Floral Park and Carden City, L. I.,
the forty passengers on hoard the stalled train were finally
dug out with the assistance of two engines and a large
snowplow. The loss in business in New York City due to
the storm is put at $2,000,000. ... A dangerous fire

in the oil warehouse of the Horne Scrymser Co., New York,
January 2(5. caused a loss of $100,000. . . . Three sur¬

vivors of the giant steam dredger Texas, which foundered
on Christmas eve about 280 miles northeast of the Azores,
while on a voyage from Dantzig for Galveston, arrived at
New York January 20, from Liverpool aboard the Cunard
liner Etruria. The mate and nineteen of the crew of the
dredger were lost by the swamping of the starboard life¬
boat, and one of 13 men who left the sinking craft in the
port lifeboat died insane from exposure and starvation.
The men were adrift 13 days before they were picked up.

The police of Bridgeport. Conn., made an important
capture January 30, in the arrest of Mr. and Mrs. John
Myers, of Newark, N". .T.. and Mr. and Mrs. William Hock,
of Elienville, N. Y„ who have confessed to the theft of
20 horses in New York State during the past year. They
operated in many places between Poughkeepsie and Bound
Brook, N. J. Maps were found in their possession showing
the situation of barns in various parts of New Jersey. The
quartet drove about from town to town and posed as- farm¬
ers looking for property to buy. Hock and his wife were
taken to Brewster, N. Y., January 30. Myers was turned over
to a sheriff at Poughkeepsie, and Mrs. Myers must stand
trial in Springfield. . . . The so-called Beef Trust was

held by the United States Supreme Court January 30 to be

a combination in restraint, of trade and commerce in viola¬
tion of the Sherman Anti-Trust law, and the injunction
issued last Spring by Judge Peter S. Grosscup, of Chicago, to
restrain its members front conspiring to depress the price of
cattle and to raise the price of dressed beef, was affirmed,
with some slight modifications to render it more specific.
The opinion of the count, delivered by Mr. Justice Holmes,
was unanimous. . . . The Supreme Court, January 30,

by denying a writ of certiorari, in effect confirmed the con¬
viction of August W. Machen. George E. Lorenz and Diller
B. and Samuel A. Groff for conspiracy to defraud the Gov¬
ernment in the purchase of postal supplies. They will,
therefore, serve their sentence of two years each and pay fines
of $10,000 each. It was announced by counsel for the
prisoners that they would make no further fight against the
verdict and that they would serve their terms.

ADMINISTRATION. — S. II. Cowan of Fort Worth. Texas,
representing the Cattle Raisers’ Association of Texas, was
heard January 24 by the House Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce on the bills to give further power to
tlie Interstate Commerce Commission. He said that the
cattlemen believed that they had been injured by advanced
rates, and had made complaint to the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Whether the shipper should pay more than
he did in ISOS, said Mr. Cowan, should not be left to the
railroads for determination, but to some one else. Through¬
out the entire Southwest, he said, it was the universal opin¬
ion of cattlemen that freight rates on cattle were too high.
Murdo McKenzie, a cattle raiser of Colorado and Texas,
complained before the Senate Committee on Interstate Com¬
merce January 28. of inequalities, discriminations and poor
service on the part of the railroads in the transportation of
cattle, lie cited instances of delays in shipment of
the markets, saving that such delays often meant the loss of
a dollar a head. He admitted that the shippers had pro¬
tection under existing law, but said that in most cases the
cost of legal proceedings would be greater than the value of
the stock. He said the cattle men want power given to the
Interstate Commerce Commission not only to fix rates, but to
regulate the character of service. Judge S. II. Cowan, repre¬
senting the Southwestern cattle men, took up the question of
railroad rates on cattle shipments. lie said that there had
been a general increase since 1898. the average increase in
shipments from Texas points being 8 V> cents a hundred pounds.
Asked by Senator Elkins as to whether there had been a
corresponding increase in the price of beef, the witness
replied : “To the man who buys beef there has been an in-
crease, hut to the man who sells there has been a decline.”
He urged that a commission would he_ just as competent
o adjust rates as were t He railroad traffic men. because the
data on which rates must he based were as available to one
man as to another.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The newly elected officers of the
Nebraska State Horticultural Society are: President, G. S.
Christy. Johnson: first vice-president. C. S. Harrison, York:
second vice-president. E. M. Pollard, Nehawka : secretary,
L. M. Russel, Lincoln : treasurer. Peter Y'oungers, Geneva.

The legislative commission of the Massachusetts Associa¬
tion for the suppression of the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths
has a hilll before the State Legislature providing for an
appropriation for their use extending over a number of
years, the yearly expenditure limited to $250,000. The ex¬

termination of these insects is a matter of vital import¬
ance.

At the Good Roads Convention held at Albany, N. Y., Jan¬
uary 24-25, resolutions were adopted asking for a bond issue
of $50,000,000, and a State appropriation of $5,000,000 for
road improvement, and the buying of a stone quarry. The
now standing good roads committee is W. I’ierrepont White,
Oneida : John B. Uhle, Albert R. Shattuck, New York : Ed¬
ward .1. Bedell. Albany: Charles E. Adams. Broome; S. S.
Salisbury. Cayuga: Charles T. Chamberlain, Chemung; James
A. Woodward. Erie; F. B. Parker, Genesee: Arthur Warren.
Monroe: Robert E. Gillman. Onondaga : Ira P. Cribb, Ontario;
George Moshier. Orange ; John Giek, Saratoga ; G. W. Frelih,
Schenectady ; Joseph B. See, Westchester.

GYPSY MOTH AND BROWN-TAILED MOTH .

A Menace to Our Country.

From information at hand I am fully of the

opinion that the Gypsy moth and the Brown-tail

moth, which have located in Massachusetts, are very

serious pests, and unless prompt measures are taken

to stamp them out, and they become widespread over
the I’nited States, they will become a National calamity. It
appears that they eat everything, even the oak and pines
are not exempt, and that, in a few years they entirely kill
the orchards and forests where they go. This danger is not
alone to the fruit interests, but to everybody, as well. What
has been done by the Government of Massachusetts shows
conclusively that these insects can not. only be controlled,
hut that they can be entirely exterminated, only the work
and expense is too much for any single State to bear. The
general Government a few years ago did a yery wise and
commendable thing in eradicating the scourge wnich tnreav
ened our live stock industry, in the shape of rinderpest, and
later it did the same when foot-and-mouth disease was
introduced into Massachusetts. While the extinction of
these two diseases cost the Government a large sum of
money, it was a mere nothing to what the nation would
have lost had these plagues been allowed to become scattered
all over the country. But neither rinderpest, or foot-and-
mouth disease, nor both combined, would have been such
a national calamity as the universal spread of the Gypsy
and Brown-tail moths. Not only will our orchards l>e de¬
stroyed. hut our forests as well, and so far as known no
parasite has appeared to check these insects in their destruc¬
tive march. If, like the San Jose scale, it was impossible
to exterminate them, there would be an excuse for the
general Government not to interpose in the matter. But
they can he entirely exterminated, only it will take prompt
measures and cost considerable money. As the danger is
National, the United States, as a Nation, should assume
the work, and furnish the necessary money. It will be
money well spent, even though it costs milllions of dollars.
The Western New York Horticultural Society, at its recent
meeting, passed strong resolutions asking Secretary Wilson
to take hold of this matter, and I hope The R. N.-Y. and all
other papers will do all they can to help along. A serious
danger threatens us, and the best way is to meet, danger at
the door. J. s. woodward.

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn that has made Shenandoah famous. Has
outyielded all other varieties of yellow corn wher¬
ever tested. A deep Brained 100 day yellow corn,
ripe lr September Will outyleld, outahell, and outsell any yellow
corn you ever grew. The world’s husking record, 201 bu. In ten hours,
was made in this corn near Shenandoah, Dec. 8, 1903. Send for
free catalog, photographs and samples of this and other Yarietiei of
corn. 00 worth of seeds free on club orders. Ask about it.

HENRY FIELD, SEEDSMAN, BOX 26 .SHENANDOAH, IOWA

THE EAR SEED CORN MAN

SEED POTATOES

AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

Our Seed Potatoes are grown iu the North¬
ern part of Aro >stook County, Maine, and
are lice. Garden Seeds, all varieties. Send
for our Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos . Griswold & Co.,

38 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

ASEED

AND S E E D

CYCLONE SEEDER (

BE SURE TO
GET THE GENUINE

uli churgCH paid.

THE CYCLONE SEEDER CO

OWER"BU^AVER

Any seed worth sowing is worth saving, especially
high priced seeds like clover, etc. The old reliable

for 36 years\ is not
the leader J only

the best sower of its kind, but it is the greatest seed saver. Its
superior feed agitating device insures a perfect flow and uni¬
form distribution of every variety of farm seed.

mpVPI fl Id C in sowing % bu.

U I U LU 11 C clover, gives a
better stand than a full bushel seed¬
ed any other way and the peck of
seed saved pays for the Seeder. It
is fully guaranteed and sent
on trial. The Cyclone is
an old time-tested sower
wi th latest i mprovements and
sellsatfrom $2 to $2.50 each
according to locality. If your
dealer does not handle the
Cyclone send us $1.65 and we

_ _ will send you one by express,

Your money buck it* not sutlafled,

FREE FOR A NAME.

Our Self Catch Barn Door Holder (worth 25c
each) avoids accidents, saves time and annoyance.
If your dealer does not handle the Cyclone Seeder
send us his name and we will give you 2' Holders
absolutely free with an order for one latest im¬
proved Cyclone Seeder at only $1.65 Ex. prepaid.

Circulars free.

, Box 10, URBANA, IND.

The Harvest Will Be What
Your Machinery Makes It

A rich harvest cannot be reaped with inferior machinery. The man that
gives the most thought and care and labor to the cultivation of his crops,
naturally uses the greatest care and judgment in the selection of the harvest¬
ing machinery that will enable him to get the largest returns for the time
and money expended in cultivation.

The Walter A. Wood
Machinery

is the choice of the most successful farmers of the country. Our machines
for 1905 are nearer perfection than any other on the market. It will help
you to have our catalogue, describing Binders, Reapers, Mowers, Hay Ted¬
ders, Rakes, etc. Write for the handsome 32-page book and we will refer
you to the nearest dealer handling the Walter A. Wood line. You will want
to call on him and see our “ New Century Binder the simplest and most
perfect of all Self-binders.

Repairs furnished for Walter A. Wood machines of any date, no matter how ancient.
Stocks carried at all central points.

WALTER A. WOOD Mowing and Reaping Machine Co., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

—

the Land’s Sake!”

(Clipping from New York Press.)

obile when.orTTier w<

( $20,000 FROM HIS POTATO MINE.

New Jersey Farmer Has Been Shipping a
Carload a Day All Summer.

Special to The RreM.

DEERFIELD. N. J; Aug. 29.— Thomas' M.

Tice planted' 150 acre? of ground with white
Dotatoes last spring, and is practicallv as¬
sured of a small fortune. The largest yield
came from the Irish Cobbler variety, 350
bushels , to the acre. The- lowest yield was
225 bushels to the acre. As to his profits,

Tice is reticent, but figuring on a low scale
he harvested 250, bushels, to the acre, or
37.500 bushes. Estimating his profits at an
average .price, easily fifty c.ents a bushel,
he received S18J750. The total cost of raising
the crop is figured at abotit $7,000, leaving oil
a Ptoflt of $11,750. This is the .first crop only.

A second crop, for seed has been planted
on the same ground: and It: Is .confidently
expected the yield will be 18,000. bushels.

Seed potatoes are worth two- or three times
as much as the others, and a crop worth
$15,000 is almost assured. Deducting the cost
of production. Tice will clear $8,000 on this
crop, making a “tuber” . mine worth $20,000
a vear. A carload of potatoes has been
shipped daily from the Tice farms sipca th«
season opened.

Mr. Tice says: “I have used Bowker's Fertilizers for ten
years with good results. This year I planted potatoes on
twenty acres of heavy land that had previously been in sod
and corn. I used no other dressing than Bowker’s Po¬
tato and Vegetable Fertilizer at the rate of one-half ton to
the acre. The fertilizer made the vines look extra heavy , and
when we dug the potatoes they were smooth and less grubby
than where some other brands were used. The crop was
harvested in August, and yielded 4.00 baskets per acre. I won
first prizes at three county pairs on potatoes grown with
Bowker’s Fertilizers. I have used forty tons of Bowker’s
Fertilizers this year, and shall increase my order for next
season. I am very well satisfied with the results, both in
the vines and the quality and quantity of the potatoes.”

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

RftWKPD FERTILIZER COMPANY

AJ 1 T IV U llC Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati

(Kindly address office nearest to you)

io8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

| Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

REWARD OF SERVICE.

The sweetest lives are those to duty wed,
Whose deeds, both great and small,

Are close knit strands of an unbroken thread.
Where love enobles all.

The world may sound no trumpets, ring no
bells ;

The Book of Life the shining record tells,
Thy love shall chant its own beatitudes
After its own life working. A child's kiss
Set on thy singing lips shall make thee glad;
.a poor man served by thee shall make thee
rich ;

A sick man helped by thee shall make thee
strong ;

Thou shall be served thyself by every sense
Of service which thou renderest.

— Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

*

The Surgeon-General of the United
States Army has dropped linseed and lin¬
seed meal from the list of army medicines,
and hereafter ailing soldiers will have to
get well without the time-honored poul¬
tice. It is decided that all the good re¬
sults obtained from poultices are secured
in a more cleanly way by hot wet com¬
presses.

*

A READER who has not been very suc¬
cessful in soapmaking at home asks for a
reliable recipe for soft soap. We' should
like to hear from readers on this subject.
General experience in soapmaking, both
hard and soft, and any suggestions con¬
nected with such work, would be greatly
appreciated. We have no doubt that many
housekeepers can contribute ideas of value
in this line.

*

A new candy, offered by a city confec¬
tioner, is “grain crisp.’’ Its appearance
suggests peanut brittle, but instead of the
nuts, grains apparently of wheat are used,
which, by some cooking process, are puffed
up to the size of small white beans. The
grains are crisply farinaceous in texture,
sweet and nutty in flavor, and the candy
is really delicious; it will appeal to many
who find nuts less digestible.

*

The Milwaukee chief of the fire depart¬
ment says that the burning of potato par¬
ings in the kitchen stove prevents the
gathering of soot, and thus does away
with the risk of chimney fires. We have
always made a practice of burning such
wastes when without hens or other do¬
mestic animals to which they may be fed.
However, the increasing use of gas stoves
in all cities prevent this cleanly cremation

in a great many cases.

*

As a way of using leftover meat try an
old-fashioned “English meat pie.” Chop
cold beef finely, put in a deep baking dish
a layer of the meat, strew lightly with
bread crumbs, season highly with salt,
pepper, butter and a few drops of onion
juice; repeat the process till the dish is
full or your meat used up. Pour over it a
cup of stock or gravy, or, lacking these,
hot water with a teaspoon ful of butter
melted in it ; on top a good layer of bread
crumbs should be put and seasoned and
dotted with butter. Cover and bake half
a:o hour; remove the cover and brown.

*

According to the foreign correspond¬
ents, “tilleul” is now the afternoon drink
of fashionable Paris, supplanting more de¬
structive beverages. It is made from the
young leaves and blossoms of the Hun¬
garian lime or linden, and is infused and
drank just like plain tea. It is said to
calm nervousness, being lightly sudorific,
soothing and anti-spasmodic. A list of its
good qualities sounds rather like infantile
catnip, but it seems to be the fashion
abroad, and it may travel over here. Per¬
haps we might do Paris a good turn, in
response, by introducing onr native sassa¬
fras, which pioneer housewives used to use
when “boughten” tea was out of their
reach.

Since the departure of the aggressively
waved “fronts” and palpably artificial
switches of 20 years ago, one begins to
think that women no longer supplement
their own hair with that borrowed from
others, but a visit to any hairdresser’s
quickly dispels this idea. An immense
amount of human hair is sold, but it is
used more naturally than formerly, and
women with whitening hair no longer try
to cover it up. There is no doubt, how¬
ever, that the disappearance of old-fash¬
ioned curl papers is responsible for many
cases of thin and falling hair. They have
been supplanted by hot irons, which dry
out the natural oils of the hair, and injure
the roots. Another injurious custom is
that of pinning the hair up tightly at night,
instead of letting it hang in a loose braid,
thus resting the scalp. A good rubbing
or brushing of the scalp at night, followed
by loosely braided hair, rests the head, and
puts one in the proper mood for sleep.

*

Many a traveler brings back nothing of
new scenes save his own small concerns,
and this was the case with the good
woman thus described in Lippincott’s
Magazine :

It was at a New England county fair,
and two women a little beyond middle age
were seated under a shade tree by the en¬
trance gate when one was heard to say to
the other :

“So you've been out to St. Louis to
the big Exposition. How did you like it?”

“Well, I enjoyed it first-rate — better
than I expected to. You see I didn’t care
nothing about goin’ in the first place, but
Silas he was dead set on goin’ an’ was
bound I should go with him — said he
wouldn’t go unless I did — so I went just
to git him off, for I could see that he
wanted to go the worst way. An’ I was
real glad I went, in the end, for when we
found that Si’s own cousin, Luella Day,
lived within 60 miles of St. Louis we con¬
cluded to go out an’ make them a visit, an’
we did have a real nice time. She give
me a new reseat for makin’ marm’lade out
o’ green grapes an’ another one for tomato
pie. You wouldn’t think tomatoes would
make pie fit to eat, but you’d he s’prised to
know just bow good a pie they will make.
Then one day while we was in the art-
room at the fair a woman come in with a
brown Henrietty cloth dress an’ cape, an’
it give me an idee of just how to make
over my brown Henrietty cloth this Fall.
An’ a woman I fell in with one day when
I was resting in the shade on a bench told
me how to take all kinds of grease spots
out of any kind of goods, and a woman in
one place where cooking demonstrations
were being given told me how to make
lovely batter cakes out of stale bread an’
oatmeal flour. Live an’ learn is my motto,
so, after all, I was kind o’ glad I went,
but, for real enjoyment, I don’t think the
St. Louis show begins to come up to our
county fair.”

What They Eat in New York.

I am a teacher and a farmer’s daughter,
and while I was home for the holidays |
I visited the cellar and storeroom. I will
tell you what I saw there. This year has
not been as good as some, and my mother
did not store as much as common, as
there were less to prepare for. She also
said she did not want to have a great
quantity left over, as there was the year
before. In the apple bins were Spy,
King, Greening, Russet, Tolman Sweet,
and several kinds I did not know. Some
of these were raised, a few bought, and
some were given to us. There was a
goodly supply of potatoes, onions, beets,
turnips, celery, cabbage, canned corn and
tomatoes, and seven fine Hubbard squashes,
all grown in the garden except the po¬
tatoes and cabbage, which were raised in
the field. The fruit consisted of cur¬

rants, raspberries, blackberries, straw¬
berries, canned Spitzenburgs, pears, huc¬
kleberries, plums, peaches, quince, all raised
on the farm except the last three. In
the ‘meat line there was sausage, salt
pork, bacon, spare ribs, ham, with eggs.
In the barn was Old Brindle nearly ready
to be butchered, half of which was to be
used at home. There were jellies and
pickles of all kinds, and catsup. Besides
all this was a fine supply of home-grown
buckwheat and kidney beans. I do not
consider all this out of the ordinary, as
we always have had it, as do most of
the farmers around us. The neighbor¬
hood consists of plain farmers, who have
to be saving in order to make things come
out even. It only requires a little care
and forethought for a farmer to have
the best food for bis table. I will give
you some of the recipes for things we
have on our table, that may be new to
some.

Escalloped Onions. — Slice some onions
and cook in salted water until done, drain
and put layers of onion and cracker
crumbs seasoned with salt, pepper and but¬
ter in pudding dish; moisten with milk.
Bake 20 to 30 minutes.

Escalloped Corn. — One can of corn, one
cup fine crumbs. Put in layers; season
with salt, pepper and butter, ; moisten with
milk. Bake 30 to 40 minutes. Escalloped
tomatoes are prepared, in the same way,
only more crumbs are needed, and water
is used to moisten if needed. A pleasing
variation to turnips is after cooking the
slices chop and season with salt, pepper,
butter and vinegar.

Syracuse Potatoes. — Wash very small
potatoes and cook in a very strong brine.
Eat immediately, removing skins at table.
These may be skinned and browned in
deep fat.

Potato Soup. — Two medium onions, one
quart sliced potatoes; cook until tender.
Rub through sieve, return all to kettle ;
one tablespoonful flour and butter size of
egg, rubbed smooth; melt with hot water;
add to soup with one pint milk, and salt
and pepper to taste. Serve with thin
slices of toast.

Sweet Apples and Onions. — Slice one
quart or more of sweet apples, three small
onions; salt and pepper. Cook tender in
their own steam. Add a large lump
of butter and cook brown.

GERTRUDE OF BROOK FARM.

Only the present is thy part and fee,

And happy thou

If though thou didst not beat thy future brow

Thou couldst well see
What present tilings require of thee.

— George Herbert.

I

No Yellow
Specks,

No lumps of alkali, are
left in the biscuit or
cake when raised with
Royal Baking Powder.
The food is made light,
sweet and wholesome.
Royal should take the
place of cream of tar¬
tar and soda and sal-
eratus and sour milk
in making all quickly
risen food.

_ ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a sonare deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

$12 5 worth'

Flowers

mi

We are growers of “ The 1
Roses in America.” To get ac- 1
quainted with Flower-lovers every¬
where, we make this special offer : 43 flowers I
worth $1.25, as named Felow; & check worth
25c on first $1 order; and our New illustrated Floral Guide
about Roses and 400 other choice flowers, all postpaid, 30c. [

20 Pkts. Seeds

1 pkt. each

Mary Semple Asters, 4 col's
Alyssiun. Little Gem, mixed
Diamond Flower
Heliotrope, mixed
Carnation Marguerite
Forget-me-not “ Victoria "
Hibiscus Crimson Eye
Poppy “American Flag"
Phlox Drmnmondu
Pansies, 10 colors, mixed

Giant Verbena, mixed
Umbrella Plant
Double Chinese Pink
California Sweet Peas
Washington Weeping Palm
Bouquet Chrysanthemum
Japan Morning Glory
Petunia Hybrid
Roses, New Climbing
Lovely Butterfly Flower

%

23 Bulbs

1 New Begonia " SplendenB M ; 1 Summer Flowering Hya- I
cinth ; 1 Double Pearl Tuberose; 2 Butterfly and 2 Hybrid |
Gladiolus; 8 Fine Mixed Oxalis; 2 “ Fair Maids of France"

2 Hardy Wind Flowers; 2 Lovely Cinnamon Vines; 2|
Splendid New Canna Lilies — 1 Pink ; 1 " Novelty."

THE C0NARD & JONES CO.,
Box A, West Grove, Pa.

Grand Prize, World's
Fair. St. Louis, 1904.

Our large 1(50 page Illus¬
trated Catalogue of

Ideal Seeds, Plan tss Bulbs,

and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE |

DWARF
OTAHEITE

you wi 1 1 send us the addresses of
interested in buying
antsand six centstopay
postage. This orange is easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Caila, Ohio.

lant ottne popular

ORANGE

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

12 Roses l=S- lor 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Kaiserln,
Etoile de Lyon, Marquise lie Querhoent, Marie Van
Houtte, and others of equal value; all labelled. All
grown on their own roots. This is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. VV. It. GRAY,
Box 1, Oakton. Fairfax County, Va.

Strawberries

Grown by the pedigree sys¬
tem. Biggest and Best
Berries, and lots of them.

$2.00 a 1,000

and Upwards.

plants by the
aspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries,
Currants, Grapes. All the
good old and many choice new
varieties. Illustrated, descrip¬
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how to plant and grow them,
all. For 30 years a small fruit
specialist. 250 acres in berries.

J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J.

FREE— Great Crops of

STRAWBERRIES

AND HOW TO GROW THEM

The BOOK that is worth its weight iD Gold
because it tells how Big Crops of Fancy
Berries can be grown every year and hew to
market them at a Big Profit. It contains the

Latest Discoveries in Plant Breeding

and has 110 beautiful engravings of berries and
berry fields, showing Actual Results ob¬
tained by progressive growers. It tells how to

Start a Profitable Berry Farm with a
small capital. It is invaluable to the experi¬
enced fruit grower and gives Plain Instruc¬
tions for the beginner. Don’t order your plants
until you Read This Book. It Is Free.
Send your address to the

R. M. Kellogg Co., Box 480,

Three Rivers, Michigan.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

io9

Notes from My Kitchen.

I have tried varidus Wajrs of Washing*
and a variety of compounds to make
washing easy, but I find my old way is
best after all. Soak the white clothes
over night; next morning fill boiler two-
thirds full of water. If hard soften with
lye or salsoda. Slice thin two-thirds of
a cake of laundry soap to two tablespoon-
fuls of kerosene, boil up and stir until it is
like soft soap. Mix this in the clothes when
put in the boilef, stlrfing well td make a

4939 Riding Skirt, 22 to 30 waist.

good suds. Soap well all very soiled places ;
boil 20 minutes.- If boiled too long they
will be yellow. I have* ari atmospheric
washer that I use in the boiler instead of
a clothes stick. It is made like a largd
funnel, with whole bottom set up about
two inches from the rim, and crossbars of
the tin, which makes a suction. It is ex¬
cellent for washing large pieces in a tub,
like blankets, quilts, spreads, carpets, etc. ;
costs only 75 cents to get one made, and it
is a great saver of time and strength,
Suds and rinse the clothes; very seldom
do I have to rub an article of white
clothes. I like to see clothes lnmg prop¬
erly on the line, not helter-skelter, any
way to get them on. If one is particular
in little things it shows what the house¬
keeper is. If the wind blows hang sheets
and tablecloths by the two hems fastened
to the line; it saves ragged corners. Wipe
the boiler well and see it is perfectly dry
before taking away. A little kerosene on
a cloth will take all the dirt and stains
front the rollers oil the wringer, which
will be white as new,

I have a three-burner blue flame wick¬
less oil stove that I prize greatly. I never
would have a gasoline stove in my house,
for I consider them unsafe, and the odor
from one is very unpleasant to me. There
is no danger with these oil stoves; if the
oil gets out of the tank the fire goes out.
The tank can be filled when it is burning
if required, and no danger whatever. The
oven bakes beautifully. Another great
convenience is my steam cooker. It has
three compartments ; meats, vegetables,
bread or puddings can be cooked at the
same time and over one burner, which is a
great saving in many ways, particularly if
much cooking is done and fuel is high and
scarce.

Have holes bored in broom and mop
handles to hang by; save all pieces of old
Canton flannel for dust cloths and to fill
the mop. Save all the twine as it comes
from packages and wind in a ball. You
have no idea how handy it is when a string
is wanted. Have a bag in some out-of-
the-way place for waste paper. Don’t let
old shoes accumulate ; burn them ; they
make a good fire. I have been to places
where bushels of old shoes were lying
around, for the reason that some time a
piece of leather might be wanted. Just
cut out the best pieces of leather, put in
a bag or box, mark and set up out of
the way.

Flour sacks can be made useful in many
ways. Soak and rub first in a clear water,
then rub all the letters and painted part
with lard; boil well and all will disappear.
Hundred-pound sacks make good pillow
cases for common use, and I have seen
men’s night shirts, children’s night gowns

and other underwear made of them. One
would never dream they were of flour
sacks. A friend has a sash curtain of one
at her pantry window. There is nothing
better for dish towels and cloths. Don't
have one dishcloth do all the work; have
one for dishes, another for kettles, spiders,
etc. ; another for cleaning up, and in the
dairy there should be several. I always
kept one for separator, another for churn,
worker, print, trays, etc,, and still another
for the pails. They were well washed in
hot suds with a bit of salsoda added, then
rinsed in Clear hot water after every use.
In this way they were always clean, sweet
and white. One Can never be too partic¬
ular about milk and butter.

MRS, FREDERICK C. JOHNSON.

The Rural Patterns.

The riding skirt and Coat figured will be
helpful and suggestive to many, 1 he coat
is particularly comfortable and becoming.
A linen riding habit for Summer wear,
such as customary in tropical countries,
will be very desirable. The skirt is made
in three pieces and is shaped by means of
darts to allow ample space for the knee
and to fit smoothly over the hips, while
the closing is made at the left of the front.
When worn upon the horse it falls just
low enough to cover the feet and can be
looped, as illustrated, to render it conven¬
ient for walking. The quantity of mate¬
rial required for the medium size is 3J4
yards 44 or 254 yards 52 inches wide. The
pattern 4939 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26,
2S and 30 inch waist measure; price 10
cents.

The coat is made with fronts, back,
side-backs and under-arm gores, and is
finished at the neck with the regulation
coat collar and lapels. The fronts are fit¬
ted by means of single darts and the

4940 Riding Coat, 32 to 40 bust

backs are laid one over the other below
the waist line. The sleeves are in coat
style with moderate fullness at the should¬
ers in conformity with the season’s de¬
mand. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 4 yards 27, 274
yards 44, or 2j4 yards 52 inches wide. The
pattern 4940 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36,
38 and 40 inch bust measure; price 10
cents.

NOW IS THE TIME TO

DECORATE YOUR HOME

Buy your Wall Papers direct from our factory
a* a saving of one-half.

Sample Book and instructions how to decorate
your own home, mailed free on receipt of postal.
Satisfacticn Guaranteed.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER & SUPPLY CO.

375-289 Greene Street,
GREENPOINT, Brooklyn, N. Y.

IT WILL KEEP

It is not always necessary
to use a whole bottle of
Scott’s Emulsion. What is
left will keep. We have seen
a bottle of our Emulsion
three years old that is still
good. What other prepara¬
tion of cod liver oil will keep
sweet and permanent for half
that length of time ? Scott’s
Emulsion is always reliable
because it’s always absolutely
pure.

We’ll send you a sample free.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

hu been Med by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
, all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best 1
remedy for diarrhoea. *

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

Invaluable in allaying the Hoarseness and
Irritation incident to vocal exertion, effect¬
ually clearing and strengthening the voice.

imitations. /Jfo.

HOOD RUBBERS

/'hoodN

TRADE pimetB company) MARK)

\ BOSTON /' '

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/f you C/W/VOT GET 7VJESE /?UJ9 -
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TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN TOlTt OWN’ TELEPHONE LINE.
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
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OUR PlilCES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Fhee.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

fZCjfl On Long or Short
9 ^ Term Investments

PER K(oJ

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8i?5 upward, with¬
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days’ notice.
Investment bear earn¬
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day withdruivn.

Supervised by New York
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MONEY received at any
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You should iearn how *ar our
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Conservative investors will ap¬
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Assets, . St, 700.000
Surplus and Profits,
8100,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

THE SEABOARD FLORIDA LIMITED

And two other daily trains afford exceptionally
line service to all w inter resorts in the Carolinas
and Florida. For resort booklets and informa¬
tion, address,

W. E. CONKLYN,

1 18! t Broadway New York

When you write advertisers mention Tub
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

POLISHED

STEEL

PLATE

EVERGOOD
RANGES

coal, wood or gas.

Shipped direct P
from our own
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A GUARANTEE
BOND given with
every stove or range
sold, allowing you

60 DAYS5
FREE TRIAL

IN YOUR OWN HOME

We can save you at least $ 10.00 to $15.00.
1A#mS4a To.rl o if for our Free Catalogue and
— — ■ ■ IV Udy lowest wholesale factory

| prices on ovor 4. Ono articles in the honsefurnishing line.

STEWART BROS., 529 N. High St., Columbus, Ohio

GOLD COIN

Stoves and Ranges

at Wholesale Prices.

To Introduce this well known
line in your town, or where
they are n. t now
sold, we will send
on approval,
freight p epaid,
securely crated,
nicely blacked,
readv to set up a
GOLD OOlN
KtNUK or Heat¬
ing Stove at whole¬
sale prices. This
line has been man¬
ufactured for over
forty years and
this fact . alone is a sufficient guarantee as to
tbeir value. Write to-day for tllust ated catalog and
wholesale prices. Gold Coin Stove 1 o.,Troy, N.Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue KLiEE.
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Htghtslown, N.-J.

No Smoke House. Smoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Made from hickory wood. Givesdeliciousflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir-

SNDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
.Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Stronig and Tough.
Absolutely Water Proof.
Climatic Chauges Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Pi re Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep 'or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack.
Light iu Weight.

Does Not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE. PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R. N.-Y.

APRON
PATTERN

This Is tho best apron pat¬
tern over offered aud It Is
something every lady needs.

You caunot fall to bo pleased
•with this one aud nil new
subscribers to tho

People’s Popular Monthly

will reccivo ono free. This is
a prize pattern. Takes 4 7-8 yds.
of material ono yard wide. Only
two buttons. Small, medium and
large size. Tub Pkoplk’s Popu-
lah Monthly is a fine, 24-page,
beautifully Illustrated homo mag¬
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with bright, interesting stories
aud well editedUepartments on
Fancy Work, Homo Dress¬
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Chats With Sirls, etc. It is
being Improved with every
Issue aud is now ono of tho
most “popular’* 8tory pa¬
pers published. It is cheap
at fifty cents, which is the
regular subscription
price, but in order to
introduce our magazine
to new readers we send
The Pf.oplk’8 Popu¬
lar Monthly a full
year and tho apron
pattern for only 25c,

Address,

PEOPLE’S
POPULAR
MONTHLY,

207 Manhat’n
Bldg.,

Oes Moines.

Iowa.

FREE!

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. — Get it from your Druggist.

I IO

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11,

MARKETS

Current Wholesale trices.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern, Duluth — 1.27%

No. 2, red, Winter . — @1.22%

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 53%

Barley . 40 @ 52

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for

first

quality in

bushel or 100-lb. lots:

Timothy, bushel of 45 lbs. . . .

@ 2.75

Kentucky. Blue grass, 10 lbs.

. -

@ 1 2.00

Red top, 1 00 fus .

. -

@ 9.00

Awnless Brome grass. 100 lbs. —

@15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs .

. -

@17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs .

. -

(a 1 7.00

Alsike. loo lbs .

. -

C« 17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs .

. -

@ 8.50

Clover, medium red, 100 lbs. .

. -

@17.00

FEEDS.

B ra n .

22.00

@23.00

Middlings .

@26.00

Gluten .

27.00

@23.00

I LAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 .

, - -

@ 80

No. 2 .

—

@ 75

No. 3 and clover, mixed. . .

. 60

@ 70

Clover .

. 60

@ 65

@1.05

Short .

@ 72%

MILK.

New York Exchange price 3% cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone.

BETTER.

Creamery, ch. to extra . 28 @ 30%

Lower grades . 20 @ 24

Storage . 22 @ 28

State dairy, finest . 20 @ 28

Lower grades . 18 @ 23

Factory, choice . 22 (3! 23

Lower grades . 15 @ 17

Backing stock . .- . 10 @ 20

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy . — @ 12%

Small, choice to tine . 11 %@ 11%

Small, poor to fair . 8%@ 10%

Large sizes % cent less.

Full skims . 4 @ 5

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 33 @ 34

Nearby, good to choice . 30 @ 32

Western, firsts . ■ — • @ 30

Thirds and seconds . 23 @ 20

Kentucky . 27 (3) 30

Tennessee and other Southern. 21 @ 30

Storage . 17 @ 24

HOPS.

New York Sfale. choice . 34 @ 30

Common to prime . 28 @ 33

Pacific- Coast, choice . 33 (3 35

Common to prime . 28 (g> 32

Olds . 14 @ 10

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fey., lb... 0%@ 7

Evaporated, choice . . 5%@ 0

Evaporated, prime . 5%f3> 5%

Evaporated, com. to good... 4 @ 5

Sun dried, sliced . 3 @ 4

State and West’n, qtrs . 3 @ 3%

Canadian, qtrs . 3 %@ -1%

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.40 (3! 1.00

Cores and skins, 100 lbs.... 1.00 (5)1.20

Raspberries . — @ 23

Huckleberries . 11 (5 12

Blackberries . 0%(3> 8

Cherries . . .. 13% @ 14

APPLES.

Offerings of ordinary stock heavy and mar¬
ket dull.

King. Jonathan and Spitzen-

burg, bbl . 2.50 (33.50

Spy . 2.00 d/2.50

Baldwin . 1.50 <52.25

Ben Davis . 1.50 (3)2.50

Greening . i .50 (52.00

Jonathan, West'n. bu. box.... 1.50 (52.00

Spitzenburg, West'n, bu. box.. 2.00 (1/2.50

Bulk fruit, 150 lbs . 75 @1.25

VARIOUS FRUITS.

Cranberries, ch. to fey., bbl... 0.00 @8.50

Poor to good . 3.00 @5.00

Strawberries, Fla., qt . 30 @ 45

Oranges, Fla.. Ind. River, fey.. 3. 00 @3.50

Poor to prime . 1.25 @2.00

' California navels . 2.75 @3.25

Tineapples, Fla., 30s to 24s... 1.75 @2.25

POTATOES.

Long Island. 180 lbs . 1.75 @2.00

State and Western, 180 lbs. ...1.25 @1.50

Bermuda, bbl . 3.00 @5.00

Sweets, Jersey, bbl . 2.00 @4.00

SALADS AND GREEN STUFFS.

Brussels sprouts, qt . 5 @ 12

Celery, doz . 20 @ 50

Chicory and Escarol, bbl . 2.00 @4.00

Kale, Norfolk, bbl . — @1.00

Lettuce. New Orleans, bbl... ..1.00 @3.00

Florida, pr. to fey., % bbl.

bkt . 1.00 @3.00

Cucumbers, bu. crate . 3.00 @4.00

Komaine, 3-pk. bkt..... . 1.50 @2.50

Peppers. Fla., 24-qt. carrier. .. 1 .50 @2.50

Peas. Fla., 3-pk. bkt . 2.00 @7.00

String Beans. Fla., ch. 3-pk.

bkt . 5.50 @7.50

Water Cress, 100 4-in. bunches.!. 50 @2.50

VAR I OUS VEGETA RLE S.

Carrots, old, bbl . 1.00 @1.50

Cabbage, red. Danish seed, ton25.00 @30.00

White. Danish seed, ton... 10.00 @13.00

Domestic seed, ton . (5.00 @10.00

European, bbl. case . — @4.00

Egg Plants. I, a., bu. box . 3.50 @4.00

Onions, Conn, white, bbl . 3.00 @7.00

Yellow and red. bbl . 2.50 @3.00

St. and W’n. white bu. crate. 1.25 @1.75

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

Radishes, S'n, 100 bunches. .. 2.00 @3.00

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25 @175

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier. . 1.50 @4.00

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . GO @ 90

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel . — - @3.00

Common to good . 2.70 @2.05

Medium, choice . — - @)2.10

Pea. choice . 1.75 @1.80

Red kidney, choice . 2.80 @2.85

White kidney, choice . — @3.00

Yellow eye. choice . — @2.10

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers. No. 1, dozen . 1.50 @2.50

Lettuce, dozen . 10 @ 40

Mushrooms, lb . 10 @ 50

Radishes. 100 bunches . 1.50 @3.50

Rhubarb, lb . 6 @ 10

Tomatoes, lb . 15 @ 30

HONEY.

Clover, comb, fancy, lb . 13 @ 14

Fair to good.. . 10 @12

Buckwheat, comb . 10 @ 11

Extracted, gallon . 50 @ 55

LIVE POULTRY.

Fowls, lb . — @ 13

Chickens . . . — @ 11

Roosters . — @! 9

Turkeys . — - @ 15

Ducks, pair . GO @ 80

Geese, pair . 1.25 @1.62

Pigeons, pair . — • @ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, good to choice . 18 @ 20

Poor to fair . 15 @ 17

Capons, large, fancy . 23 @ 24

Small and dips . 15 @ 17

Chickens, prime . 18 @ 20

Lower grades . 14 @ 17

Fowls . . . 10 @ 13%

Ducks . 16 @ 14

Geese . 3 @ 12

Squabs, dozen . 2.00 @3.25

20.00

10.00

80

15.00

8.00

6.00

3.00

FURS.

Reports from the last London sales show
a lower range on skunk and muskrat, as per
figures below :

Black bear . 10.00@

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00@

Badger . 00@

Otter . 9.00@

Beaver, large . 0.00@

Medium . 4.00@

Small . 2.00@

Silver fox . . 50. 00@ 250.00

Cross fox . 5.00 @ 10.00

Red fox
Gray fox .

Fisher . 4.00@

Wolf, prairie

Timber . 2.00@

Wolverine . 4.00@

Lynx .

Wild cat .

Civet cat .

House cat, black.

House cat. colored'

Marten, dark ....

Pale . 3.00@

Skunk, black

Half-striped . 1

Long-triped
Striped . .

White . . .

Raccoon
Opossum.

Medium
Small
Kits . .

Rabbit . .

Mink . .2.50

Muskrat, Winter ....

Kits . . .

Fall .

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . . . 4.10

Oxen

Bulls . 2.80

Cows .

Calves, veal . 5-00

Barnyards

Sheen . 4.00

Lambs . 7.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Ton to car lots:

Nitrate of soda . 48.00@53.00

Sulphate of ammonia . 65.00@70.00

Dried blood . 56.O0@60.OO

Kainit . 10.00@12.00

Muriate of notash . 38.00@44.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00@12.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. lb... — @ 5%

Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb . — @ 5%

large

. 2.00 @

4.00

75 @

90

. 4.0(l@

8.00

. 1 .50 @

2.00

. 2.00@

4.00

. 4.00@

7.00

4.00 @

6.00

40@

7T>

25 @

50

— (ct>

25

s@

10

. 0.00 @

12.00

5.00

. 1.50 @

—

. 1.00@

• -

S0@

—

50 @

—

20(5)

—

60@

1.50

55 @

00

30 @

35

15(5)

18

5@

—

1 1A @

—

. . . 2.50

5.00

1 4 @

15

2@

3

9@

10

.4.10 @5

.90

. — @3.10

.00

.1.00 @3

.30

.3.00 @4.00

.4.00 @5

. I ♦>

.7.00 @8.20

LS.

WHERE TO PUT THE FERTILIZER.

A Long Island reader wishes to use a ton or
more of fertilizer per acre on potatoes. His
planter will drop only 1,400 pounds when
wide open. When and how should he apply
the rest of the ton? Would you broadcast
the remainder of the fertilizer, and plow or
harrow in, or would you scatter it along the
rows at the first cultivation?

I would advise the latter method of
applying the remainder of 600 pounds
per acre. The drill ought, however, to put
on the wdiole amount at once, which if
well mixed with the soil in furrow will
probably produce as good results with less
expense of application, l. h. hallock.

Long Island.

Many Long Island farmers broadcast
and harrow’’ in. Personally I have always
scattered the remainder of the fertilizer
along the rows at the first cultivation, in¬
variably with good results, h. c. jessen.

Long Island.

ering wdth the cultivator, but the deep
seed furrow leaves the ground in good
condition for the application of the fertil¬
izer, and for killing tiny weeds before
plants are up. An application of 1,200
pounds per acre alongside the row at
the first cultivation — delayed considerably
by other work — gave as good results as I
ever had, but it was immediately fol¬
lowed by a heavy shower. Its effects were
plain three days later. G. a. parcell.

Long Island.

We have used this formula for pota¬
toes with good results, following with one
crop of wheat and two of grass without
further fertilizing. You will observe that
we prefer to fertilize the ground rather
than the crop. This is the formula per
acre: 600 pounds acid phosphate; 400
pounds hone; 400 pounds muriate of pot¬
ash ; 300 pounds nitrate of soda. Con¬
trary to general opinion, no deterioration
in quality has been noticed from the use
of muriate. With us the best results have
been obtained by applying the fertilizer im¬
mediately after plowing, say about 1,200
pounds, and harrow in ; put the remain¬
der in the row. As for broadcast fertilizer
drills, I have graduated from that school.
With a view to bringing about a profitable
discussion, I make the unqualified state¬
ment that no crop of potatoes that ever
grewr can assimilate all the available plant
food contained in a ton of good fertilizer.
Then why put it all in the row to make
the field full of streaks the next year?

Pennsylvania. m. garrahan.

GREAT DANE DOGS.

1 he dog is probably indigenous to
Germany’, where it has been known un¬
der the names of German Mastiff, Ulmer,
and boarhound. His principal use in this
country is as a guard for his owner and
watch dog. In Germany he is used for
companion and guard for foresters' and
game-keepers, also for attacking the wild
boar and other beasts. In H. W. Hunting¬
ton's book entitled, “The Show Dog,” the
author says, in commenting upon the
breed : “The commanding size and noble
appearance of the Great Dane, as w’ell as
his good disposition, will when he is bet¬
ter known to our fanciers, assume the po¬
sition he properly should occupy in the
kennel world ; viz., at the very head of
the large breeds.” These are my views
exactly, arrived at after a thorough trial
in breeding and handling most of the large
breeds. h. a. dalpymple.

‘‘There’s nothing like perseverance; it
wins out in the long run.” “Not alw’ays;
did you ever see a hen on a porcelain
egg?” — Brooklyn Life.

A - f ft. cured to STAY CURED. No

v\Xl^^VTVw medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N. Y‘

160 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N. Y.

RARMQ of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best,
DnlmO Cheapest. Strongest, 8,000 in 44 states. Book
for stamp. SHAWVEK BROTHliKS.Bellefontaine.O

Oldest Commission SSSa. 5u2Soi22;

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

I think I would apply 1,000 pounds with
the planter and the remainder alongside

FOR BEST

possible results ship Apples, Sweet

_ _ Potatoes. Poultry, Eggs, Calces &

Pork to DAVID AUSTIN. 204 Duane St, New York.

the rows and cultivate in after plants
are well up — say one foot high. I have
never used more than 1,500 pounds, and
always at one application, usually cover¬
ing the seed and applying, at once or in
a few days, by hand upon a strip about

ATTENTION

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. H15RZ. Labor Agency, 2Carlisle St., New York.

\A/C PAY QQC A WPPK And expenses to men
Vi L rAI 000 H VILLA with rigs to introduce

Poultry Compound. International Mfg. Co., Parsons, Kan.

one foot wide over the seed. The weeder,
harrow or cultivator puts it well into
the ground, as I usually cover seed with
the hoe. This is more expensive than cov-

PIDUP For rich farming and fruit growing.
r“ ArfffflO Write j. D. S. HANS0N, Hart, Mich.

CAD OAI C-Best 200 acre farm o n shore of Cayuga
rUn OALl Lake, $40 00 per acre. Address

JAMES MOBSE, Levanna. N. Y.

A POULTRY PAYS

When

Pirveland Incubators

When Hatch them

Pirveland Brooders

When Rear them

Fidelity F*OOd Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs; air-tight, keep and look perfect as
new Did for a year. Hest In world. You want
it For detail write

It. K. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

AUCTION SALE!

I will sell at Gazley Farm, Accord, Ulster
Co., N. Y., at public auction, on Feb. 15, 1905,
nine head of pure bred, registered Holstein-Frie-
sian Cows, Heifers and Bull. Breede s should
not lose this opportunity to get some of the best
cows of the breed.

HORACE L. BRONSON, DeptD., Cortlard, N. Y.

An Exceptional Farm

COR SALE at Matawan, N J., 45 acres, very
good house, never failing stream with water
power for any purpose. Complete system, round tile
drains underwhole farm. TwolinesR. R. and Steam¬
boat to City M arkets. Ready for immediate oceupa-
tion and operation.— A business farm.— *4,000;
SI, 750 cash. Particulars and photos.

H. GOLDSMITH, Wyandancli, L. 1.

WA1VTE 33

Within Two Hundred Miles of New York City,

A MILL PROPERTY

•with water power of about 1,000 horse power:
must have good snipping facilities. Send full
particulars with lowest CASH price, to

3VM. ANGUS, Box 1 , Station V, New York.

Young Man Wanted,

familiar with orcharding, spraying, etc.,
for three (3) months pleasant work with,
old reliable house. Address
INSECTICIDE CO., care of Rural New-
Yorker, New York.

WANTED 0N MARcn l8t’ 1905< Married man
Of fill I CU experienced in Fruit Culture in all
its branches. Good pay and permanent position to
right party. Address F. E. JOHNSON, M.D.,

Mansfield Depot, Conn.

BUSINESS MANAGER wanted in every town to
manage branch office and superintend force of
salesmen— Big money. No canvassing.- No capital
required. Can he mauaged with other work or busi¬
ness. Particulars on application. Give references.
William C. Moore & Co., Nurserymen. Newark, N. Y.

CALIFORNIA FOR 104

J*‘Tlie Western Empire” a 32-page mag-
I azi ne of the wonderful i ndustrial development,
horticultural pursuits and stories of adventure on
the Pacific Coast. 6 months trial for only 10 cents.
Empire Pub. Co.,115Times Block., Los Angeles, Cal

MAPS, Reports, Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board or Agriculture,

• Dover, Delaware.

Virginia Farms

Best on earth for the money. Free Catalogue.
It. B. CHAFFIN & CO. , Incorp., Richmond Ya

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my tree list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn.

“STROUT’S SPECIAL LIST,”

Illustrated, of 200 farm bargains in New England,
New York, Delaware, Maryland and the South, mailed
FREE by E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept. 42. 150 Nassau
St., New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

r _ III J — I can sell your farm for

iQllll fiailTCP cash. Write for particulars
to-day. B. E. GUODALE, 1047 Broadwuy, N. Y. City.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON, AND CLEVELAND,
FT. WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make
this a favorite route between the above points.
Through sleepers. Unexcelled dining car ser¬
vice. Individual club meals 35 cents to $1.00
each. Also a la Carte. Full information on
application to R. E. Payne, General Agent,
291 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y., or A. W. Eccle¬
stone, D. I’. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

wttifm

or this 12-16 all steel
isc harrow. Frame is
iade of best angle steel,
xle of cold rolled pol-
hed steel. Discs highest
rade tempered steel,
pringseat. Draft i s di-
:ct from axle. Guaran.
:ed i n every way

Calumet check row
planter with automatic
reel and 80 rods wire.
Never misses, drops in
hills and drills. We chal¬
lenge the world with this
planter. Wewillsliipon
trial. Write tor catalog

for this Cam
— — — Garden Drill.

Furnished with dial indica¬
tor marker, coverers and
rear wheel. With 11 tools
complete $8.50. We can
„ave you money on any¬
thing used on a farm.

P

for 40
ft.
Hay
Car¬
rier
outfit.
One
car¬
rier, 1
fork,
13 raf¬
ter irons and hooks. 180 ft.
rope, 5 floor hooks, 3 pulleys.
Wood, steel and cable track
outfits any lengths.

for this
sickle
grinder; grinds heel and
point at same time.
Grinds 6 ft. sickle in 10
min. With 1 stone for
sickles, $2.78. With 2
stones for grinding all
kinds of tools, $3.10.

01 n Buys this
vW Planter

Write
for

catalog.

Plants in

hills or drills, corn,
beans, peas, garden seed,
etc. Plants 12 acres a day.
Fertilizer attachment $2.75
extra. If you want a ma¬
chine or implement of any

$2.io

Steel

plain,

with

Cultivator,

6 shovels.

spreads to 33 inches.

$6.55

oblong galva¬
nized 9% bbl. -

steel tank with heav

. . . - y

angle steel rims. We make all

ssmz-ik sE.vr.rr: wjaxmt-

UT THIS AD OUT and Furm Machinery Cataloguo FREE. Do It now. WIARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO* ILL

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Ill

MARLIN

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

For deer, moose, elk or caribou, and all
American big game, no repeating rifles
compare in accuracy or efficiency with the

Models 1893 and 1895
Marlin Repeaters

They are made with “ Special Smoke¬
less Steel ” barrels for High Power Smoke¬
less loads, and also, in .32-40 and .38-55
with regular steel barrels, for black powder
loads where cheaper cartridges are used.

These latter use the famous .32-40 and
.38-55 Ballard and Marlin cartridges, which
have great velocity and accuracy, give
good penetration and a killing blow.

Have you read the bier game stories
in our Experience Book? FREE,
with Catalogue, for 3 stamps postage

The Marlin Fire Arms Co.

157 Willow St., New Haven, Conn.

WIRE-$I.40 Per 100 Lbs,

Smooth galvanized wire, put up 100
lbs. to a bale, lengths running up to
260rt. No. H guage, per 100 lbs. *1.40.
Write for prices on other gauges.

I Fence staples, per 100 lbs.. 12.00. Wire
nails.mixedin akeg.per 1001bs.,*1.60.

I Barbed wire, per lOOlbs., *2.35. Poultry
netting, steel fence, etc., atlow prices.
Ask for Catalogue No. E,
on merchandise of all kinds from
Slieriifs’ and Receivers’ sales.
CU1CAUO HOUSE WRKCKINU CO., West 85th & Iron Sts., Chicago

PAGE FENCE COSTS LESS

in the end. It’s stronger, lasts longer. We prove it.
Free Catalog and Paring Knife from Page-Wire for you

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 79. Adrian. Mich.

' rkiitirBfcy* w-l -hi-

lEeaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire J

15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

Lwe also sell direct to fanners atwholesale prices, ^
^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wir
Write for Fence Book showing iro styles.

.THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE

Cleveland. Ohio

Wire F ence 9Qr

48-in. stock fence per rod only '

Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire,
Catalog of fences, tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

BflHI THY PAPER, illust’d, 90 pages,

rUULInl 25 cents per year. 4 months?
trial 10 cents. Sample Free. 64-page practical

gonltry book free to yearly subscribers.

ook alone 10 cents. Catalogue of ponltM
books free. Poultry Advocate, Syracuse, N.V

GLOBE INCUBATORS.

Hatch chickens. No ex perience necessary.
Our large 200 page Illustrated Catalogue of
Incubators and Brooders and Poultry Infor¬
mation mailed free. Address,

C. C. SHOEMAKER.

Box 1020, Freeport, Ills,

PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATORS,

Used for one season For Sale. 100 eggs 17, 210 eggs
$14. 1100 eggs, special duck, |20. Also agents. Cyphers
Incubators, Brooders, etc. Write your wants.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N, Y.

DON’T BUY AN INCUBATOR

Get a NEW THOUGHT HATCHING ma¬
chine, and take off the hatch every 1014 days. No
wood to warp and crack open. All metal — all
right for business people who want to RAISE
chickens. Send for Catalogue L.

HASTING flIFG. GO., Hastings, Neb.

on the

HOMESTEAD LANDS

of

WESTERN

CANADA

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARRY OO.. Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

THE FARMERS

carry the banner or yields of wheat
and other grains for 1801. This is the
era of $1.00 wheat.

70,000 FARMERS

receive $55,000,000 as a result of their
Wheat Crop alone, or an average of
$800 for each farmer. The returns
from Oats, Barley and other grains, as
well as cattle and horses add consider¬
ably to this. Secure a

FREE HOMESTEAD

at once, or purchase from some reliable
dealer while lands are selling at present
low prices.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.
Mention this payer.

The January increase of subscriptions
over same month last year fell a little
short of the increase for December; but
it was a very satisfactory gain all the
same. The increase over January of last
year was 15 per cent.

Subscribers from different parts of the
country are sending us circulars of a
western concern which is anxious to get
deposits of small sums of money to start
a bank or to develop one that is already
organized. We are asked if it is safe
to send them money. It is always diffi¬
cult to give advice on subjects of this
kind. It is always hard to get reliable
information about such concerns. No
one knows all the inside workings except
those interested, and they usually tell you
wTiat they want you to think, whether
true or not. We may have our suspicions,
blit we can never be sure until the failure
is announced, and then the victims are
helpless. One thing is sure, these people
want your money for the benefit it will
do them, and not for the good they can
do you. Once in their hands it is out of
your control, and will naturally be used
for their benefit. They want it for the
sole reason that they can get it from you
cheaper than they^can get it elsewhere,
if indeed they are able to get it else¬
where on any terms. Of course, there
are any amount of savings banks which
take your deposits and pay a small rate
of interest, and they are perfectly safe;
but it is well to go slow in propositions
that promise enormous returns. If you
look around home you will no doubt find
people willing to promise big things for
the use of your money, but they are
the last men in the world to whom you
would entrust your savings. Well,
schemers are much alike the world over.

I must confess that I have no love for
fakers or rogues. They often get money
that ought to have gone for my school¬
books, and I like to know that T he R.
N.-Y. has knocked them out occasion¬
ally. Perhaps it makes it easier for other
boys to get hooks. The following letter
is in point :

I note what you say in reference to Waldo
E. Barnes, Jr., Providence, It. I. I answered
his advertisement which I saw in a New York
paper, asking for information as to his price
for No. 2 hay. lie answered, quite promptly,
that he would give me $13 net on track, he
paying freight, $3.50, out of his own pocker.
This was quite too good, as it would give me
$3 to $3.50 per ton more than I could get
from other dealers. The paper In which I
saw the advertisement replied to my inquiry
that they did not guarantee their advertisers.
Mr. Barnes has been very anxious to close a
deal, but I did not take the hook as sharp as
he expected. Your timely information on
him is just what I suspected. J. M. c.

Atwater, N. Y.

Mr. W. D. Empire, proprietor of the
Empire Poultry Farm, Seward, N. Y., is
another advertiser who does not seem to
appreciate the importance of care in fill¬
ing orders. Last year ho advertised
young Plymouth Rock chicks ; but he
admits that the stock was probably mixed,
and he does not consider himself respon¬
sible, since he made no specific guarantee
that the stock would be purebred Ply¬
mouth Rocks. If Mr. Empire bought a
barrel of flour labeled “wheat flour” and
found it to contain a mixture of buck¬
wheat flour, cornmeal and wheat flour,
we think he would hold the merchant
who sold it responsible. We do not want
and will not accept the advertising of
breeders with. Mr. Empire’s notions of
responsibility.

We do not want to let you forget that
we send the paper

Ten Weeks for 10 Cents

to new readers for introductory purposes.
We are now receiving about 200 orders
a day of this kind. Perhaps you have
not sent a name yet. If not, this is a
good time to do so.

Injurious Free Fumigation. — Noting
an inquiry in a late R. N.-Y. in regard to
fumigating trees, I am satisfied that fum¬
igated trees are injured more or less, many
of them starting so slowly as to he worth¬
less. f. w. v.

iii

LILIES OF HEALTH AND BEAUTY.

In a recent interview with Mrs. Lily
Langtry, she very wisely said :

"The fact that I believe in the superior
force of mind over matter does not blind
me to the truth that the foundation of every
successful life is good health; that the key¬
stone to physical beauty is perfect physical
health.

"A .sick woman cannot be a beautiful
woman, nor can she be anything but what
we English call a poor-spirited woman.

"To a great extent a woman’s beauty is
measured by her vitality — by her health.

"Work, Sunshine, Exercise, Water and
Soap, Plain, Nourishing Food, Lots of
Fresh Air, and a Happy, Contented Spirit
— there, as you say, ‘honest and true, ’ is
my working rule for youth, youthful spirits
and youthful looks.”

One great secret of youth and beauty for
the young woman or the mother is the
proper understanding of her womanly sys¬
tem and well-being. Every woman, young
or old, should know herself and her phys¬
ical make-up. A good way to arrive at this
knowledge is to get a good doctor book,
such for instance as "The People’s Common
Sense Medical Adviser,” by R. V. Pierce,
M. D., which can readily be procured by
sending twenty - one cents in one - cent
stamps for paper-bound volume, or thirty-
one cents for cloth-bound copy, and ad¬
dressing Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.

« Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription can always
be relied upon to cure when everything else
fails,” writes Mrs. Dr. Nielsen, of 4302 Langley
Avenue, Chicago, Ills. "It is a certain cure for
female troubles, diseases in their worst forms.
I suffered for years with ulceration, intense
pains and a dreadful backache, which unfitted
me for my work. Finally I grew so ill had to
keep to my bed. In this extremity I used * Fa¬
vorite Prescription ’ for three months and then
I was well. Only those who have passed
through such a siege of sickness as I have will
understand how much I value Dr. Pierce’s Fa¬
vorite Prescription.”

Dr. Pierce offers $500 reward for any case
of Leucorrhea, Female Weakness, Prolap¬
sus, or Falling of Womb which he cannot
cure. All he asks is a fair and reasonable
trial of his means of cure. No substitute
for "Favorite Prescription ” offers so much.

TEN DAYS' _

FREE TRIAL

of Mann's Latest Model
Bone Cutter. No pay un¬
til you’re satisfied that it
cuts easier and faster than
any other. Catalog- free. _

F.W. Mann Co.. Box 15. Milford, Maas.

POULTRY

OOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-j

_ _ _ _ _ _ erything m the,

POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu¬
bators, Live Stock, Brooders— anything — 1
it’s our business. Call or let us send you<
our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the <
asking — it’s worth having.

Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.

Dept. H.U. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York Clty.<

ooooooooooooooooooooooooc<

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

«n POULTRY

and almanac for 1 905, contain* 884
page*, with many fine colored platesof
fowl* trueto life. Ittcllsall about chickens,
their care, diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and how to operate them.
All about poultry houses and how to build
them. It's really an encyclopedia of cliicken-
dom. You need it. Price only 1 6c.
c. C. SHOEMAKER, Box 8 1 3, FREEPORT, ILL.

A Free Book About

Incubators

For your own sake don’t buy an incubator
until you read our book. It is written by
the man who knows most about incubating
— a man who devoted 23 years to the prob¬
lem. It tells vital facts that you must know
to buy wisely — facts you would not think of.
It tells of Racine Incubators and Brooders,
of course, but whether you buy ours or
another, the facts are i mportant. The man
who writes the book made the Racine Incu¬
bator. When you learn what he knows you
will want his machine, we think. The book
is free — write today for it. Remember, We
Pay the Freight. Address
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 , Racine, Wta.

Warehouses: Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

1—40 DAYS TRIAL—

6 years guarantee, on my pay-for-
itself Hatcher. I have put
into my new

OLD TRUSTY

INCUBATOR

the experience I got making 50,000
other incubators. It’s not like others.
Last year’s buyers say it touches the high mark.

I think my Advice Book is worth reading; people say
it is. I wish you would ask for it. I’ll answer any other
questions by letter. Ask me to mail you the book Free*

M.M. JOHNSON CO., Clay Centor,Neb.

LEE’S

Egg Maker

ia a wonderful pro¬
ducer of Kggs. It as¬
sists digestion, makes
your fowls and chick¬
ens healthy, strong
and profitable ; turns
the food into Eggs in¬
stead of fat.

2 1-2 lb. package
25 ceuta.

251b. pall $2.(H).

We are the New
England Agents for
the goods manufac¬
tured by Gao. H. Lee
& Co., Omaha.

Will send a 32 page catalogue on application.

INCUBATORS
AND BROODERS

These machines are thoroughly reliable, and are guaran¬
teed to hatch.

Old Homestead and Champion Brooder, the
Stearns Bonecutter and a complete line of Poultry Sup¬
plies. Our Special Poultry Catalogue yours
for the asking.

Do not forget we keep a complete line of
high class seeds . Our 1905 catalogue will
be mailed on application.

W. W. BAWSON A CO., Seedsmen,

12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston.

.. ... — - — — o-

STAR

$10.00

FOB ALL

That’s all it will
cost to get one of
our 120-egg; in¬
cubators complete,
laid down at your
railroad station, all
freight charges pre¬
paid east of Kooky
Mountains. A 1 1
ready to operate.

SURE HATCH INCUBATORS

are the world's standard incubators. Three walls Califor¬
nia redwood. Asbestos lined throughout. Copper hot water
heating system. 138 square inches heating surface to water
heater. Only thirty cents worth of oil required for a hatch.
All machines sold on 60 Buys’ Trial, giving you every
opportunity to be sure you are right. Every machine
carries a 5 years* guarantee. You take no risk with the
Mure llatoh — 60,000 Sure Ilatches in use, giving satis¬
faction. Send for free booklet. If you live east of Missis¬
sippi River address Indianapolis ; if west. Clay Center.

8CRE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY
4410 Olay Center. Neb. 14410 Indianapolis. Ind.

Y

I

OU’RE LOOKING

for just such machines
as Miller’s •

Ideal Incubators

and Brooders. Sent on

30 DAYS TRIAL. Abso¬
lutely automatic. Test It
yourself. Bis- poultry and
poultry supply book Frse. w who Know*. |

J. W. MILLER CO., Box 97t Freoporl, 111.

I W/ll Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

Chas.a.Cyphers

It wUl pay you to use

“SUCCESS” POULTRY FOOD

We have given it 5 years’ trial, and guarantee
every sack satisfactory. This Food contains Clover,
Meat and Linseed Meal, thoroughly mixed with
Corn, Wheat and Oats ground; putin 1001b. sacks
at $1.75; 5 sacks, $8; 10 sacks, $15. Special offer for
two weeks: 100 lbs. Food and 100 lbs. Oyster Shells,
$2. Send its a trial order to-day.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

00%HATCH GUARANTEED

30 DAYS’ TRIAL To prove It.

SO 44.50 100 <b 8. 50 ’400 | 3.75

EggJ>5.00 Egg4>9.50 Egg 4> | 5.00

I Seif regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,
all sizes and kinds, S3 up. 60,000 in use. Send 3c. for catalog.

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 23, Springfield, O.

S I O-80 For
I Z 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III

Fine Birds

Our 100 breeding; pens show fancy stock
that has prize winning blood bred in
them. All the leading varieties of
Chickens, Turkoys, Ducks and Geese,
Rare birds for fanciers from select matings.
Prices low for high quality. Poultry cata¬
logue 4c. Incubator catalogue free.
DasMoines Incb. Co., Dep. 90 DesMolnes.la

IS? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

LOTO in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO., UGONIER, INDIANA. FraaCatilog

Standard Cyphers Incubators

STRICTLY

"AUTOMATIC

.THROUGHOUT

are guaranteed to hatch more and healthier chicks with less oil and
less attention In your hand* than any other, or your money back. Ab¬
solutely automatic and Beit-regulating. Used and endorsed by 42 Gov¬
ernment Experiment Stations and by America’s foremost poultry men.
Complete Catalogue and Poultry Guide. 212 pages (8x11.) more than 500
illustrations. FREE, if you send addresses of two neighbors who keep
good poultry and mention this paper. Address nearest office.

Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, New York,
Kanmaa City or San Francisco.

^CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.,

I 12

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 11, 19(35.

BUY DIRECT FRCid FACTORY, BE8Y

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLES ALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In nse Cl year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INQERSOLL. 946 Plymouth St„ Brooklyn, N. Y.

Every Style Garden Tool

rata jMszmftr flim1*

A special tool for "I , "Li MS^ Line
every purpose. K0

NEW UNIVERSAL

Hand Seeders and Cultivators

For every condition of truck growing from drill and hill seeding to
1 aotcultivatlon. FREE BOOKLET of valuable information for p’utit-
Ing and cultivating the garden gives full descriptions. Write for It.

Ames Plow Co., 54 Market St., Boston, Most.

ON TRIAL

DITTO’S

Triple Geared Ball Bearing

_ Feed Grinder

for all kinds of grain. Has largest capac¬
ity and runs the easiest. Try it before
__ you send your money* Send for circulars.

ir. Mo DITTO, Box 56 > & oliet» I11-

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

with an Appleton Wood

SAW you can rapidly and with
ease and safety

your own wood
and Save Coal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make f

$5to$l5aDay

Strong, rigid
frame, adjustable
dust-proof oil boxes, etc. We make five styles.
Also the famous* ‘Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers. Shelters, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for free catalogue.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, 111.^

THE NAME TELLS A TRUE STORY.

V* Grain Drills ^

At Home In any Field— Plant for Profit

Before you buy a Grain Drill send for
our Free Booklet, “Stebbins on the
Disc Drill.’1 It may be the means of

SAVING YOU MANY DOLLARS

^ ■■ Cut out this ad. and mail it to us,
k Mr k k and wo will send you our Beauti-
ful Almanac and Household En¬
cyclopedia, the most useful Book
of Recards, Recipes and General Farm Information
ever published. Send to-day. You need this Book.

SUPERIOR DRILL COMPANY

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Agents Most Everywhere. A dealer may make more 1>y selling
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Vol. LXIV. No. 2873.

NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 18, 1905.

SI PER YEAR.

Must Inoculate for Sweet Clover.

I hat Sweet clover is a good preparation for
Alfalfa there can be no question, as it is be¬
lieve;' that the bacteria on the roots of these
two plants are the same species, but there is
the same difficulty in introducing the Sweet
clover into a new locality as there is with the
Alfalfa. Until inoculation has been secured it
will not make any satisfactory growth. Sev¬
eral years ago I undertook experiments with
Sweet clover for the purpose of soil renova¬
tion. This was before we came to understand
very much about the matter of soil inoculation,
and T was at great loss to know why my ex¬
periments were so successful in some places
and such absolute failures in others. Now
that the Alfalfa inoculation problem has come
to be well understood I can see why in some
localities T had no success with Sweet clover,
it had not been previously grown in those
localities, and I made no provision for inocula¬
tion, and the result was as stated. The chief
advantage I can see in using Sweet clover as
a preparation for Alfalfa is that it will start on
some hard, unfriable lands where Alfalfa
would necessarily be a failure at the first, and 'I'

having improved the land by means of Sweet
clover it then is in better condition to grow
the Alfalfa, but if the physical character of the soil is
such that we may reasonably expect to get the Alfalfa
started I should prefer to sow Alfalfa and inoculate
by means of soil from an old Alfalfa field rather than
spend a year giving the Sweet clover treatment.

Cornell University. j, L stone.

Sweet Clover Soil for Inoculation.

Prof. Hopkins, of Illinois, has shown that the Sweet
clover bacteria will inoculate Alfalfa. I hardly think
that it would be necessary, in order that the soil may be
inoculated with the bacteria, to seed a crop of Sweet
clover first. I should rather recommend that soil from
the areas growing the Sweet clover be used to inocu¬
late the fields upon which the Alfalfa is to be grown.

I am quite sure that in neighborhoods where the Sweet
clover grows luxuriantly, as it does in many parts of

TUFTED PANSIES OR HYBRID VIOLETS. Fig. 47.

See Ruralisms, Page 124.

the Sweet clover inoculation, and so far as I can see
they are the same thing, excepting that the inoculation
is not so thorough as it is where the Alfalfa soil is
used. However, 10 years ago in my lectures about the
State, where I recommended Alfalfa, I made the state¬
ment that I believed it would grow in any locality where
Sweet clover grew naturally, and my observation now
is that that statement was practically correct. In the
experiments which I have carried on I have found that
the principal difficulty in using Sweet clover inoculation
comes from the fact that the ground where Sweet clover
grows is usually filled with its seed, and in using it
we are introducing into the fields more or less
weed seed, and as the Sweet clover seed lives
in the soil for some little time, it is more or
less troublesome. However, my advice to any man is
that if he cannot get Alfalfa without getting Sweet

the State, the soils in the immediate vicinity would be
already inoculated, and the necessity for reinoculation
for Alfalfa would not be apparent, though it might be
well, even in these cases, to add some of the soil to
fields upon which Alfalfa is to be grown.

New Jersey Exp. Station. e. b. voorhees.

Success With Soil Inoculation.

I have made some very careful studies in this matter
of using soil from ground where Sweet clover is grow¬
ing for Alfalfa inoculation, and have made comparisons
of this side by side with soil taken from an old Alfalfa
field. While I should not want to be put on record as
saying that the nodules on Sweet clover roots are the
same as those on Alfalfa roots, there is no denying the
fact that the nodules are increased on Alfalfa by using

SWEET* CLOVER AND ALFALFA.

Each One Thrives Where the Other Does .

clover to take them both. The Alfalfa is so very valua¬
ble that we can afford to put up with much inconven¬
ience to get it. You may be interested in knowing that
out of something like 500 lots of inoculated soil which
I shipped out last year to various parts of the country,
over 90 per cent report success in using it, and some
people who have been working for years to get a stand
of Alfalfa, and who were not successful, have a good
field growing now as the result of inoculation.

Onondaga Co., N. Y. f. e. dawley.

ALFALFA CULTURE IN OKLAHOMA.

I have taken some interest in the efforts recorded in
The R. N.-Y. to grow Alfalfa. Alfalfa is not a success
on a hard, tough clay subsoil here in the West. It will
have a weak existence three or four years, then
die out. The ideal land for Alfalfa is what we
call made land in river valleys, a loamy or sandy
subsoil extending down five to 15 feet to water,
and well drained on the surface. Alfalfa re¬
quires very wet feet, but a dry head. Any land
with gravelly, sandy or loamy subsoil is suited
to its requirements. An overflow of running
water for a day or two will not injure it.
Standing* water the same length of time will
kill it dead. Judging from what the Hope Farm
man says of his land in Florida, I would think
he has a good place for Alfalfa. I have no
doubt of it if the sand extends down to the
level of the lake. The only difficulty will be to
start the seed in the sandy surface. If he
chances to sow his seed just previous to a pro¬
tracted rain he will have no trouble; on the
other hand, if he sows seeds in sand, if the
ground is in good condition and a dry time fol¬
lows, he will be likely to lose most of the seed.
That is my experience on sandy knolls on my
farm in the South Canadian Valley. There is
no mystery about growing Alfalfa if it is
planted on the right kind of land. In that re¬
spect it is as stubborn as a mule. A. d. h.
Oklahoma.

Poor Seeding of Alfalfa.

I wo years ago I sowed Alfalfa, and it was
a complete failure. Last Spring I got some of
the inoculating material from the Agricultural
Department at Washington, and after liming
and fertilizing the same piece I had the seed
prepared according to directions, and sown by
my hired man, as I had just got my hand
crushed in a cornstalk cutter. He did a very
poor job, getting the seed much too thick in
some places and thin in others. The Alfalfa
bids fair to make a good stand, only for the
poor job of seeding, and I have a notion to
plow it up this Spring and reseed. Would it
be advisable? If so, would I need to use the
inoculating material again? w. n.

Ripley, N. Y.

R. N.-Y. — If we had that field we would not plow it
up. 1 he stand will be better than you think. There
will probably be enough of the Alfalfa to pay for the
cutting, and after a year of growth the soil will probably
be fit to use for inoculating other fields. If you do plow
and reseed we do not think you will need the second
inoculation. We have one field where the first crop of
Alfalfa failed, while the second succeeded. This experi¬
ence has taught us to keep at the same field year after
year in case the crop is killed out. Look at the roots
of your Alfalfa and see if the little knots or nodules
are found on them. If they are by all means let the crop
stand, for after a year’s growth you will be far more

likely to obtain a new “catch” than if you plowed and
reseeded this Spring.

I have a strip of hard clay, hardpan Erie Canal dump,
that had boon growing Sweet clover for some time. I plowed
it and sowed to Alfalfa, and you never saw better Alfalfa
than is growing there now. The clover does not bother at
all. although on both edges where I could not plow the Sweet
clover is rank. Sheep like Sweet clover, and will keep it
down, and I do not see why hogs will not do the same, but I
have never tried them. clark alius.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

Sweet Clover Indicates Lime.

The account of your correspondent’s success in get¬
ting Alfalfa started after sowing Sweet clover is in¬
teresting and doubtless the Sweet clover helped him
to get a stand. It has been a matter of common ob¬
servation that wherever Sweet clover is grow¬
ing wild, the chances of starting Alfalfa
are very good. The growth of Sweet clover
indicates that the soil is rich in lime, a neces¬
sity in growing Alfalfa, and there is evidence
also that the bacteria adapted to infect Sweet
clover will perform the same service for Al¬
falfa. We still believe, however, that in¬
oculation by pure culture will give just as sat¬
isfactory results, and save the loss of a season
or more in sowing a preliminary crop, such as
Sweet clover, to prepare the land for seeding
Alfalfa. GEORGE D. MOORE.

Dcp’t of Agriculture.

1 14

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 18,

SALT OR LIME ON HAY.

In your answer to J. P. B., on page 38, “Why Use Salt
on Hay?” you say: “It absorbs moisture, and thus dries
out the hay.” Salt absorbs moisture, but does it dry out
the hay, or does salt by absorbing moisture, make a brine
or water and make that spot of hay wet, and when it
comes from the mow and dusty? The more salt used
the more brine or water formed, and more damage done.
Use air-slaked lime. Lime absorbs and dries up moist-

EIGI1T HOUSES ON SUBSOIL l’LOW. Fig. 48.

ure, the opposite of salt. If horses are fed on limed
hay they will not be troubled with heaves. If they have
heaves limed hay fed regularly in ordinary rations will
give perfect relief, but not permanent cure. According
to condition of the moisture of the hay. use two to four
quarts of lime to an ordinary two-horse load. Sow
about half the air-slaked lime, broadcast over the bay
when half unloaded, the remainder when all unloaded.
I am writing personal experience. If anyone will use
lime once he will never again use salt. E. A. D.

West Orange, N. J.

A WESTERN FARMER ON EASTERN FARMS

Considerable interest is shown throughout the West
in your cheap eastern farms, and I know of many buying
them and many going there to buy. They are the cheap¬
est and best farm propositions on earth now. It is rank
folly to sell them at the prices they do. If the young
folks have all gone West, old folks died, some of the
relatives would better keep those farms, and I am quite
sure some of the western sons would better return to
the old home farms rather than take the chances of the
West now. Twenty-five to 40 years ago Greeley’s advice
was good: “Go West, young man.” Then our best land
was $2.50 to $6 per acre. The writer, then from old
New York State, took in several thousand acres at that.
I know what it is to grow 100 bushels of corn per
acre, and sell it shelled and delivered 'at 12^2 cents per
bushel. I know also what it is to grow 60 bushels of
barley per acre, and sell same at $2.15 per bushel, and 45
bushel of wheat and sell at $2.40; not little seed lots,
but hundreds of acres. These extraordinary sums only
once, though, ancient history, probably never to repeat
itself. Present conditions are that land would be quick
sale at $65 to $140 per acre, and as far as I am con¬
cerned, not one acre sold yet. An easy way to make
money farming, of course. Time did it, and time is
making an old man of me. Were it not, I could be
found during the past three years “down East,” buying
those cheap good farms. 1 know where land can be
bought here in the West at 12 J/2 cents per acre now, and
I know where $1,000,000 per acre will not buy it, neither
of which is suitable for farming. As I have traveled over
this country everywhere, hardly a city or town of small
size that I have not visited for pleasure, also much of
Europe, I would say to the young man who intends to
farm, “Buy these eastern farms; put intelligent hard
work on them ; your chances are better there than any
where 1 know of, for the value and opportunity offered.”

_ ILLINOIS FARMER.

THE PECK'S PLEASANT APPLE.

In a recent isssue of The R. N.-Y. Irving D. Cook-
Si: Son, Genesee Co., N. Y„ write favorably about the
Peck’s Pleasant. They say their experience with it is
somewhat limited, both in time and the number of trees
planted, but so far as they have tried it they seem
pleased with both fruit and tree. This is an old variety
that originated near here. Downing describes it as :
“A first-rate fruit in all respects belonging to the New¬
town Pippin class, deserves extensive dissemination.
We have known of it and grown it in our own orchards
somewhat largely for more than 35 years. With us the
fruit has many excellent qualities; the tree is an annual
bearer, the fruit holds on the tree well. We always pick
the Baldwin. Greening and other varieties first, leaving
the Pecks till the last because they hang on better. The
fruit is of good size, hard and dark green when gathered,
but gradually turning to a bright yellow with a faint
blush. About January it becomes a beautiful fruit, very
attractive in appearance, fine for the table, for cooking
or the market. When well colored it is at its best ;
after a few weeks it depreciates, especially if kept in a
warm room. The surface scalds and its beauty and
quality depart. The time to put it on the market is just
before it reaches its best ; at that time it often brings
fancy prices. We have thought so well of the fruit
that we have planted this variety somewhat extensively.

In 1894 we put out a new orchard, in which we set 50
Pecks. We are sorry now that we have them, for in
recent years the trees have shown serious defects. The
bark on the trunks dies in large patches, often half way
or more around the tree. These places, if large, will not
grow over; in time decay sets in and weakens the tree
so that high winds break it off. Some of the trees in
our 35-year-old orchard go down every year. It looks
now as though all of them would be gone in a few years.
No other Variety in the older orchard is affected that
way, but in the younger orchard the Nonsuch trees have
the same trouble. A neighbor has some large old trees,
top-grafted with the Peck, that are a success. Just
what the cause of these dead places on the trunks is we
do not know. Perhaps it is the severe cold. Some
varieties are exempt ; some seem to have constitutional
Weakness that way. We know of no preventive, and
no remedy except to top-graft, or else plant varieties that
do not show this weakness. Perhaps in other localities
the Peck tree may not show the defect it does here. We
hope it does not, for it is one of our favorite apples.

New Haven Co., Conn. geo. f. platt & son.

HARD SUBSOILING IN ARIZONA.

We have recently taken some photographs of sub¬
soiling, shown ill Figs. 48, 49 and 50, that we think will
interest the “Hope Farm man.” In old fields of Alfalfa
that have been irrigated and pastured for several years
the surface is so compacted that the water will not go
in. The subsoiling was undertaken with a view to rem¬
edying this condition without destroying the stand of
Alfalfa. The results so far are satisfactory, though it
is too new yet to be absolutely certain about. The
engine is a 20 horse power. Furrows were run 14 inches
deep and about five feet apart. The plow was an Oliver
subsoiler, as shown in Fig. 48, with horses. The engine
burned \/ cord hard wood and used 2,000 gallons water
per day, and could cover about 12 to 13 acres per day
when we had no breaks. The outfit proved too light

SUBSOILING BY STEAM POWER. Fig. 49.

for the work. We broke friction clutch collar, then
pulled a plow standard in two, and last twisted off the
main shaft. I he work will require a plow built to order,
and a much heavier engine. In Figs. 48 and 50 the plow
is running 10 to 12 inches deep, and we made the furrows
about four feet apart. The eight horses were all heavy,
weighing 1,200 to 1,500 pounds each, but could only
stand it a portion of the time. We could cover about
five acres per day. This plowing is a little different from
the one-horse plowing of the South, and serves to illus¬
trate in a measure the heavy problems the irrigation
rancher has to tackle. ream bros.

Arizona.

R. N.-Y. — It would never do for that outfit to strike
one of the hidden rocks at Hope Farm.

STATEMENT BY A FENCE MANUFACTURER

The following letter is from a well-known fence man¬
ufacturer. For obvious reasons his name cannot be
given :

"The spelter now used for galvanizing wire is a zinc
composition, but at the same time the coat is so thin
and put on so hastily that it might just as well be a
composition of lead, as you state. It used to be that the
mills gave the wire two distinct coats on different days,
but now it is run through the tank at lightning speed,
then immediately through tjie wiper, and the amount of
galvanizing left on is perhaps a matter of chance. There
are times when we get shipments from our mills with
the wire so poorly galvanized that it must be returned,
and again there are times when the galvanizing is so
thick that we cannot run the No. 7 wire through a
machine set for that gauge, as it is larger. It would be
like committing suicide for any fence company to aban¬
don the present commercial wire and use only a high
quality of galvanized, for their prices would be pro¬
hibitive to possible customers. I believe that no one
regrets this matter of poor galvanizing any more than
do the fence manufacturers themselves. It used to be
that they were able to sell a light woven wire fence that
would last a long time, or to put it in your words, it
would outlive two sets of posts, but now the farmer
gets the quality of galvanizing that will not permit the
fence to last half as long as the old, and he, therefore,
decides that the manufacturer has made his money and

is now lowering the quality. There is one way that a
man cm. secure a good fence at about the present price
of the cheap woven wire fabric, and that is by using
what is known as a “knocked-down fence,” but most
farmers do not have the time to do the work them¬
selves, and the gigantic trust has beaten down the price
of the woven wire fence so that it is hard for the manu¬
facturers of the knock-down style to secure men to sell
and build a fence at the low rate of commission Caused
by the trust; You can buy the old kind of wire from
several mills, but the Lord only knows at what pfice.
They make such a small quantity of it that the price
must needs be high.” manufacturer;

HORSE POWER OF A WATER WHEEL

I have a water wheel, an overshot, eight feet in diameter.
There are 30 buckets; when a bucket is turned half way
down it holds 20 pounds of water. Can you tell me how
much power this wheel develops or tell me how to find the
power? I am thinking of buying a gasoline engine, and want
to get one that will develop as much as the water wheel.

D. C. Bfs

The data given in the above correspondence is iiot
sufficient to permit the horse power of his water wheel
to be Computed. The case can, perhaps, be so stated as
to enable him to make an approximation sufficiently near
for his purposes. The ability of water to do work de¬
pends upon its weight and the height through which it
falls. If each bucket of the wheel carries 20 pounds of
water and it falls eight feet its maximum ability to do
work per 20 pounds is 20 x 8 = 160 foot pounds. In
other words, it can lift 20 pounds eight feet high, or
160 pounds one foot high. As the wheel has 30 buckets,
in making one revolution its working power per revo¬
lution would be 30 x 160 = 4,800 foot pounds. Now, if
it be supposed that the wheel can make 30 revolutions
per minute, its working capacity per minute would be
30 x 4,800 = 144,000 foot pounds. But one horse power
is equivalent to 33,000 foot pounds per minute, and the
horse power of the wheel, on these assumptions, will be
144,000 -T- 33,000 = 4.36 horse power. It is seldom,
however, that overshot water wheels make available
more than 60 to 75 percent of the theoretical power, and
60 per cent of the above value is 2.62 horse power. If
your correspondent can count the revolutions of his
wheel when running without a load he may then com¬
pute the probable horse power of his wheel in the man¬
ner suggested, provided, of course, the wheel is not
turned too rapidly for the buckets to fill or take on 20
pounds of water. F. h. king.

Wisconsin Agi. College.

STEAM HEAT FOR COUNTRY HOUSES .

I observe that many of your readers are giving their
experience with the various systeiiis of heating resi¬
dences. I have had five years’ experience with a steam¬
heating plant, and have had opportunity to contpate its
working with other systems among my neighbors and
friends. The result of my observation and experience
is that I would recommend steam above any other sys¬
tems. Hot water has the advantage of being more easily
adapted to mild weather than the steam, but this advan¬
tage is offset by its slowness when you desire to warm
a house quickly. My father and my sister have each
had hot water apparatus in their homes, and I have
compared notes with them. I am inclined to think that
the hot-water system is more economical of fuel. So far
as hot air or the ordinary heating stoves are concerned,
they are not in it with steam, where convenience and
comfort and freedom from dust and annoyance are
appreciated. I find upon looking up my coal bills for
the past four years that during the seasons of 1901, 1902
and 1903 we used on an average 12 1-5 tons of coal in
our heating plant. During the Winter 1903-4, which
was abnormally long and severe, we used 16 tons 800
pounds. This was to heat a large house standing in a
very exposed position. There are 11 good-sized rooms
and 11 radiators are employed. Furthermore, all the
rooms in the house are required to be comfortably
warmed practically all the time, inasmuch as any of

A SUBSOIL PLOW FOB ALFALFA FIELDS. Fig. 50.

them are likely to be used for study purposes at any
time. For an exposed position like the one occupied by
my house, I would not for a moment consider the prop¬
osition of putting in hot air, because I. find as a result
of the experience of my neighbors who have the hot-air
system that they are not able to warm all parts of the
house on cold windy days. S,

Tompkins Co., N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

THE FARM LABOR PROBLEM.

Trouble in Connecticut Hills.

About 15 years ago 22 fanners in a radius of two
miles of me employed 34 yearly men. To-day those
same farms employ eight yearly men. They were mostly
German and Irish, and many of them the best of help.
Only one or two of those men are now on farms ; a
good part of them have gone into towns to work in
factories or other city employment. They get more
ready money and do not put in as many hours a day as
we do here on the farms. I doubt if they have any
better living, or have any more, but they get the cash
every Saturday, there is more going on and things are
more lively, and a big time draws the people ; that is
certain. Fifteen years ago the help was mostly found
in Castle Garden, hired for from eight months to a
year at $8 for the first month and $10 for the remainder
of the time for the first year ; then for from $12 to $15
for second year. This included board and washing.
Now the eight yearly men get on an average $20 per
month with board and washing per year. Some of
them are Swedes, a few Poles, and a few old-fash¬
ioned poor Yankees. These 22 farms keep but about
half the stock we did at that time. The grand tax list
for this small town of about six square miles has
dropped about $7,500 in live stock alone in 20 years.
We cannot afford to keep the help at the prices re¬
ceived for our produce. Milk was much higher and
grain nearly $10 per ton less then than to-day, so that
farmers do what they can, and do not try to keep the
stock or raise the crops that we did then. In a neigh¬
boring town where there are many large milk farms they
depend almost entirely on Swedes for farm help, and
they are the best of any foreign help that we can get
here now. Almost every farm has from two to five
men and nearly all have one or two Swedish women.
They seem the best adapted to farm work, especially
around stock on a big dairy farm. They are paid from
$15 to $25, with board and washing. These farms are
mostly within two miles of railroad, and all produce
goes to Bridgeport, about 40 miles, or New York, which
is 100 miles. Back farther from railroad people depend
on making cream for creamery or making butter; they
do not hire nearly so much, as it does not pay.

Warren, Conn. d. s.

Running Away from the Hired Man .

On most farms in this section the hired labor problem
is an ever-present one. From the fact that some suc¬
cessful farmers are strangers to the problem it would
seem that its solution is not hopeless. Most farmers
here have one reliable man to whom they pay fairly good
wages, and keep the year round, securing their extra
help for the Summer from labor agencies in New York
City. It is the latter class of laborers who almost always
make the trouble. Such as will engage with the farmer
are usually those who are incompetent in other lines,
intemperate or itinerants, that will walk off when you
most need their help. This class of labor is usually
overpaid. We have plenty of good, competent laborers
in this neighborhood, but they will not work on farms
so long as they can secure as good pay (it is usually
much better) as mechanics, factory hands, etc., and
where they have definite hours of labor. Give the farm
hand the same pay per hour of labor that he could get
elsewhere, and I think we would have no trouble so far
as securing help is concerned, but here another question
arises: Could we afford it? In keeping a detailed ac¬
count of a variety of crops grown for a period of seven
years, I found the average returns per unit of labor
varied from a decided loss to 500 per cent profit. Per¬
haps here is a hint. Adapting crops to soil and market
and individual ability this would mean special crops; spe¬
cialty farming means cheaper production by allowing the
use of special machinery and methods; reputation in
market; better prices, except labor; this would justify
high wages. Some farmers have reduced their farming
to the size of their families. They seem to be getting
along; others are enlarging their families to the size
of the farm. We are working somewhat along the latter
line. The most successful farmers in this vicinity are
not those with the most numerous teams and hired
hands, but rather the reverse ; 50 acres pay better divi¬
dends than 100 acres, and 25 usually pay better than 50.
I think the problem will eventually be worked out for
the general good of the farmer, and in keeping with the
order of constant progress, he will he compelled to re¬
trench, study and systematize all his farm operations.
1 he farm hand, a man of family, boarding at home,
receiving as good or better pay than the average me¬
chanic, with no greater number of hours of labor. The
farmer’s home strictly for the family; the children
taught the importance of agriculture to the world, prob¬
ably they could be induced to remain at home after they
are 21, and thereby contribute very materially towards
solving the labor problem. We have had an experience
on a farm where it was necessary to employ from six
to eight hands during the Summer and two or three
teams. I he profits were not discernable. We have
taken a smaller farm, eliminating the hired help, except

in harvest time (berry picking) ; are living in comfort
and paying the bills contracted on the larger place, so
you can hardly blame us for running away from the
hired man. j. e. k.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

SOILING CROPS FOR TWO COWS.

I have two cows, which I wish to keep up the coining
Summer. What crop, or crops, should I sow in the Spring
to give earliest and best feed for milk? Ilow much land
required, what proportion ol' seed, and how should I fertilize
such crops? c. h. a.

Newton, N. H.

On the earliest piece of ground I would sow barley,
fertilizing heavily with a high-grade fertilizer. As

“STRENUOUS CATTLE” IN VIRGINIA. Fig. 51.

See l’age 420.

soon after as the weather was suitable I would sow
peas and oats, and sow them in succession every two
weeks till July 1. This will give green feed from about
the middle of June till corn is ready to feed, or the last
week in August. Sow at the rate of three bushels to the
acre, about one-eighth acre, I think. I should plant
corn as soon as the ground got warm enough, using for
a part of the piece a very early kind, and Sanford or
something like it for the main crop. G. m. hazard.

Vermont.

For soiling two cows you will need from an acre
to an acre and a half, and this should be well fertilized
with a heavy coat of stable manure, or if no manure on
hand 500 or 600 pounds fertilizer per acre should be

TIIE CARE IS HALF THE SHEEP. Fig. 52.

used broadcast. I should want this to contain not less
than five per cent nitrogen and 7J4 per cent potash.
Oats and peas arc about the first crop you can get, and I
should put in two patches of one-fourth acre each 10
days apart, the first as soon as possible, using one-half
bushel oats and 12 quarts Canada peas to the one-fourth
acre. About May 20 put in one-eighth acre of Japanese
millet, and 10 days later another like piece, using one
quart of seed on each piece. About June 1 put in about
two-thirds of an acre of sweet corn, using for half the
piece some variety like Crosby and Stowell for remainder.
After oats are off first piece you can sow patches of
Hungarian and barley, using at the rate of one bushel
Hungarian and two bushels barley per acre. Pasture
must be depended upon until the latter part of June, but
beginning with oats there should be a succession until

1 15

heavy frost, and the barley will stand considerable of
this. Some of the crops perhaps may not be used up
entirely green, but these can be kept for good Winter
fodder if cut and cured before they are too ripe. Some
of these feeds are rather watery, and the cows should
have grain with them, or they will run down in flesh
and yield. Bran and hominy or bran and gluten, equal
parts by weight, are good for this purpose.

Conecticut. h. g. Manchester.

I have never soiled cows wholly, but have had sup¬
plementary crops to fortify against any shortage in feed.
Corn silage cut when the ears are almost ready to glaze
is the best I know of for all seasons. When corn is
allowed to get nearly ripe, and is cut ears and all, it
makes a good feed. I have never tried sowed crops, as
1 find the early grass sufficient, but I plant sweet corn,
beginning with the dwarf sweet corn and follow with the
later, and I find in a dry season it bridges my cows over
a dry time. I find with an acre or so I get a succession
of corn, and if I do not need it for soiling I cut it into
silage. For later feed I plant cabbages, which fill the
gap between frost and Winter. If a person is short of
pasture and wishes to soil entirely there are a number of
varieties of sowed crops that are valuable. I think
Winter rye is the earliest and best to start feeding.
About the amount of seed to an acre, no one can tell
unless he knows how rich the land is. The richer the
land the less the seed. For fertilizers there is a great
variety, but I like stable manure the best of any, and I
like to spread on as much as can be plowed in, and then
top-dress and harrow in all that can be covered. My
farm is a natural grass farm, and I plow only when the
grass has begun to fail. If a piece cuts less than V/2
ton to the acre I turn it over and crop it two years, and
seed it down again, which lasts from five to 10 years.
Some of my meadows are never turned over, and cut
about 21/ tons to the acre, but these are naturally fer¬
tilized by irrigation, and cut Fowl meadow grass.

' Vermont. c. m. winslow.

I have had but very little experience with soiling cat¬
tle, except “partial soiling” with silage. Experience
would indicate that about seven-tenths of an acre will
provide fodder sufficient for each animal (See Henry,
Feeds and Feeding, table for soiling crops). Rye sown
in the Fall will provide the earliest fodder. Follow
with oats and peas sown each week from April 1 to
July 1. After this corn may be depended upon for Sep¬
tember feeding, and barley for October and perhaps part
of November. For two cows I should recommend an
acre or more for each animal, the excess of the crop to
be cured for hay. I am of the opinion that cattle must
be fed oftener when soiled than on dry fodder. With
dry fodder, two feeds per day is the common practice;
with soiling crops feed four times (personal opinion).
Remove all fodder in manger before each fresh feeding.

Conn. Agl. College. c. l. beach.

HAVE YOU EVER SEEN HIM ?

He is buying grain to keep his young stock, but it does
them little good, as the wind blows it right out of them.
How’s that? Why, the barn is so full of cracks that
one man said, "You could throw your hat through any¬
where.” A little of the money spent for grain would be
more wisely spent in getting some battening boards or
building paper, so that the animals might be kept in
comfort. Some people seem to carry the idea that their
young cattle must go through a hardening process in
order to have them good for anything. So they are
kept in poor stables and fed on the poorest hay, so that
they will be tough and hardy. How do they turn out?
They turn out the kind that sell for $30 to $35 when
good cows bring $50 to $60. They never get to be good
size, and because stunted in youth turn out unprofitable
stock when matured.

He spent good money for fertilizers last Spring,
although there is a big pile of manure up against the
side of the barn that hasn’t been cleaned out in two
years. It was so much easier to get a load of fertilizer
in bags than to sweat carting out that manure, but he
hasn’t yet got over sweating about paying that fertilizer
bill that he let run as long as he could.

Last Fall he was very busy, and didn’t have time to
get up any bedding for Winter, and now the cows lie
on a hard wet floor, although occasionally he has given
them a bed of sopping wet sawdust from the icehouse,
which is now worse than nothing. The cows stand all
humped up, covered with long, shaggy hair that nature
gave them to help out of the neglect in their case. Do
they pay a profit? No, and they never will, for that’s
just a sample of the whole style of their management.

But another neighbor has a different story. He is
busy, too, but he got together a lot of leaves, swamp
hay and litter for an absorbent. He always has a
cheerful countenance, and spend lots of time around the
barn with what some people would call puttering. The
cows all know him, and do not jump and cringe when
he passes by or cards them. They get good care right
straight along, and they pay. Although he is a small
farmer he is adding improvements every year that the
neighbors can’t afford, and laying by some every year
for a rainy day.

He is fond of chickens, and was getting up quite a
business, but has given it up because the “other half”
didn’t want so many chickens around in Summer. He
had a good market for broilers for five months in
the year, but his wife wouldn’t help any about dressing
them. She had enough to do in the house without
bothering with hens. Now he has sold them off. and
when telling me the story there was sorrow in the
tones, but nothing to reflect upon his wife. Some men
need all the help and management they can get, and I
am thankful to say most men get it from their wives,
and that this case is an exception. h. g. Manchester.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18,

116

FERTILIZERS IN TEXAS.

J. TF. <S'., Mexia, Texas. — The subject o!
commercial fertilizers in our country is a
new one, and we have to study the business
from the beginning. What is the analysis of
good cotton-seed meal? What per cent of pure
potash is there in sulphate and muriate of
potash? What does kainit analyze? What
is the value of those goods per ton? Where
is acid phosphate obtained? What does it
consist of? What per cent of phosphoric
acid, and what does it cost? Can it be
bought already dissolved with sulphuric acid
ready for mixing with other matter? Cot¬
ton-seed meal costs us here at home from
$18 to $20 per ton. Could we not use
it as a basis for nitrogen, buy acid phosphate
and sulphate of potash, and produce as good,
if not better, fertilizer by mixing at home,
at a less cost, than we can buy the ready
mixed goods on Ihe market? Please explain
the table of analysis of the fertilizers men¬
tioned below. It is quoted to us at $28 per
ton. Is it worth it? What does potash fol¬
lowed by a chemical sign, K-2-0. stand for:
Are there no bulletins published about fer¬
tilizers, their compositions and values?

No. 1. Price $28.'

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS (2%-9-3).

Nitrogen . 2.03 to 2.88

Ammonia . 2.5 to 3.5

Phosphoric Acid, Total . 11 to 12

Phosphoric Acid, Available... 0 to 11

Phos. Acid, Water Soluble.... 6.5 to 8.5

Potash . 3 to 4

No. 2. Price $30.

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS (3V2-9-3).

Nitrogen . 2.88 to 3.70

Ammonia . 3.5 to 4.5

Phosphoric Acid, Total . 19 to 12

Phosphoric Acid, Available . . . 8 to 10

Phos. Acid. Water Soluble.... 0 1o 8

Potash from Sulphate . 7.40 to 9.25

Potash . 4 to 5

Ans. — You should read bulletin No. 70
from the Texas Experiment Station, at
College Station; also bulletins from
Georgia (Experiment P. O.), Louisiana
(Baton Rouge), Alabama (Auburn), Ar¬
kansas (Fayetteville). Analyses of some
of the articles you mention are given be¬
low. The cotton-seed meal is the aver¬
age of 204 analyses:

Pounds in One Ton.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Acid. Potash.

Got ion-seed meal. .

. . . 1 35

58 35

Sulphate potash...,

, . .

1,000

Muriate potash....

1,000

Kainit . .

250

Acid phosphate...
Nitrate of soda...

’. ’ 360

280

Ground bone .

70

500

Acid phosphate is the phosphate rock
first ground to a fine powder and then
mixed with sulphuric acid. This “cuts”
or dissolves the ground rock and leaves
it soluble in water. It is usually sold in
the acid form, for the raw ground
rock has little value as a fertilizer. You
can use the cotton-seed meal with potash
and acid phosphate to make a fertilizer
which may be better or not so good as
the mixture you would buy. That will de¬
pend upon what is used in making the
other fertilizers. If the manufacturers use
dried blood and nitrate of soda in addi¬
tion to cotton-seed meal their mixture
may be better than yours, because the ni¬
trogen is taken from three different
sources. The chances are that what you
would buy would be about the same as
you would mix, and you can figure and
see how much you can save by mixing.
Take the analysis of the mixture (No. l)
you mention as an illustration. They
guarantee you 2.05 per cent or 41 pounds
of nitrogen, nine per cent or 180 pounds
available phosphoric acid, and three per
cent or 60 pounds of potash. This costs
you $28 per ton. Now, if your cotton¬
seed meal costs you $20 a ton, and the
average analysis is as given in our table,
you will see that 650 pounds of the meal,
costing $6.50, will give you 43 pounds of
nitrogen, 18 of phosphoric acid, and 11
pounds of potash. You will need to fur¬
nish the plant food found in the ton of
fertilizer, 162 pounds of phosphoric acid
and 49 pounds of potash. It will require
about 1,250 pounds of acid phosphate to
furnish this, and 100 pounds of muriate
or sulphate to furnish the potash. What
will these cost? In the Texas bulletin
already mentioned you will find a state¬
ment that the average cost of phosphoric
acid was seven cents, and of potash six
cents. This means that taking the average
prices charged for acid phosphate and for
potash that is what vou would have to
pay. At this rate the cost of your mix¬
ture would be : 650 pounds cotton-seed

meal, $6.50; 1,250 pounds acid phosphate,
$11.34; 100 pounds potash muriate, $3;
total, $20.84. Before you try this mixing
find what potash and phosphoric acid
will cost. To do this get prices in New
Orleans or Galveston on muriate of pot¬

ash and acid phosphate with guaranteed
analysis on the latter. If the muriate
costs you $60 per ton one pound costs you
three cents, if the acid phosphate is guar¬
anteed to contain 14 per cent phosphoric
acid divide the cost by 280 and you have
the price per pound. With these figures
you can see how much you can save by
mixing. You will notice in the No. 2
fertilizer that you cannot duplicate it by
mixing meal, phosphate and potash. You
must have stronger chemicals. The man¬
ufacturers do this by using nitrate of soda
to supply some of the nitrogen, and
ground bone to provide some of the
phosphoric acid.

A brief explanation of one of these
analyses may be given as follows : Al¬
ways figure on the smallest amount actu¬
ally guaranteed. Nitrogen we understand.
Ammonia is a combination of nitrogen and
another substance called hydrogen. Pay
no attention to it in figuring. It only
means that there is enough nitrogen pres¬
ent to make that much ammonia. Phos¬
phoric acid is found in three different
forms, as explained in another article.
What you want to consider and pay for
is the part guaranteed as “available”; that

is, in such form that the plants can use

it. Pay no attention to the “total.” K
is the letter used by chemists to designate
the metal potassium, while O represents
oxygen. In its pure form potassium would
not be available to plants, but when two
parts of it are combined with one part
of oxygen the combination is called pot¬
ash, and in this form is used as a fer¬
tilizer. These letters are useful as prov¬
ing just what the manufacturer guaran¬
tees.

"hex you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y . and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

RUBY

RED

RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise ; has been grown six
years, and to-day is ahead of all others for profit to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list.

C. G. VK1IE it SON, Marlborough, N. Y.
Valley View Fruit Farm.

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, naming this Special Offer.
GEO. <J. KELLOGG it SONS, Janesville, Wis.

Strawberry Plants

and Seed Potatoes.

You can make more money if
you plant intelligently. \Y
and tell us about your soil.
We’ll send you our Free Descriptiv*
Book. Over 100 varieties.

THE FLANSBURG & PEIRSON CO

LESLIE, MICH.

450,000 TREES

MOW varieties Also Grapes, Small Fruitsetc. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Deec. price list free. Lewis Roeseh, Fredonia, If . Y,

12 Roses SSrs for 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Kalserin,
Etoile de Lyon, Marquise De Querhoent, Marie Van
Houtte, and others of equal value; all labelled. All
grown on their own roots. This Is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. W. R. GRAY,
Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax County. Va.

JAPAN WALNUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees.
Fruits at 2 years, 7 by mall $1.00.

STAYMAN’S WINESAP,

Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. BARNHART, Denton, Maryland

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

EVERGREEN AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

Wholesale and Retail

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, WAUKEGAN, ILL.

Our large 160 page Illus-
■ trated Catalogue of

Ideal Seeds, Plants & Bulbs,
and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE
DWARF
OTAHEITE

I f you wi 1 1 send us the addresses of
five persons interested in buying

_ Seeds and Plants and six cents to pay

postage. This orange is easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Callo, Ohio.

ORANGE

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other higli-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

APPLE TREES $5.00 TO $10.00 PER 100

Currant Bushes and Grape Vines, also Poplar

Trees, for sale at bargain prices, boxed free.

These trees, plants and vines must be sold at bargain prices, as we
are overstocked with them. We have a surplus of both Carolina and
Lombardy Poplars. Help us to sell 1,000,000 first-class trees, shrubs
and vines as described and priced in our large new catalogue, which is
mailed free when requested by postal card. Established 25 years
$100,000.00 capital. Trees true to name, boxed free. Let us price
your list before buying elsewhere. Mention where you saw this adver¬
tisement and we will mail you a copy of Green’s Fruit Magazine.

Address GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY

FRUIT TREES and SMALL FRUIT PLANTS

Get our Planters’ Price List before placing order. No order too large for ns to handle; no order too
small to have our careful attention. Catalog free. THE PATTERSON NURSERY CO., Stewartstown, I a.

FRUIT TREES

values we ever offered if you do not sendfor it.

Box 122 II. S. Wiley dJ Son

-Our Wholesale Surplus list
sent free with onr new catalog.
You will miss some of the best

Cayuga, N. IT.

6 to 7 ft. 11 Cts. each, 6 to 6 ft. 9 cts., 4 to 5 ft. 7 cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5 cts., 2 to 3 ft ,

200,000 APPLE TREES, one year* old r Vets? ’ 5,000 ja pan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20

cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 Kieffer Fear, one year ; old ff . to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Scale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 90 days. VV rite at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. _ Ihe Riverside bursery Co.. Confluence, Penna.

How To Make Big Profits in Fruit Growing

Our new free Illustrated catalogue tells you how to plant and take care of an orchard and how to grow
small fruits, with valuable pointers about suitable soil, varieties, sizes, distances to plant, pruning, culti¬
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BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO., Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

CAULIFLOWER SEED

E m KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

tAf\ 50 BULBS JfflL

W W 25 Cents.

Ywl iffllfr 'W'IV'Td tllc k°UBe

Ox&lis^ ^ Jonquils)

QP M A |l and other fruit trees at wholesale
Ph Qian prices. Circular free.

1 fcMWIl R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4 , Stockley , Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. 8plendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample,
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

Gloxinia, Lilies of the L - U
|l . Valley— all postpaid, 25c. inatampaorcoin.

L . * Ab a premium with these Bulba we will send

PREEagiant collection of flower seed a — over 200 varieties.

Address, Hillside Nursery, Somerville, Mass,

- THE -

President Wilder Currant

“A MONEY MAKER.”

Most Prolific of all Currants.

For Prices Write to

S. D. WILLARD, GENEVA, NEW YORK.

EED OATS for sale. National, 20th Century and
Big Four. All best standard white varieties.
Very large yielders, have stiff straw and are home
grown. Thoroughly recleaned and sacks free. Our
prices are right. Send for circular.

BALLOU BROS., Millington, Ill.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The best shipping and selling tomato ever introduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or$1.0U peroz., witn special cultural directions.

SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandanch, L. I., N. V.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry. one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200,000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address.

OHAS. BLACK, Ilightstown, N. J.

CLOVER SEED

Mammoth, Medium, Aisike, Timothy. True to name,
In clean and pure. Direct to farmers.

The O. C. SHKI’AKD CO., Medina, O.

Jb | — Czar of Russia Oats:

g IV. O Ml- CL Durham BullCalf, four

months old; Heifer most three years; Alpha DeLaval
Separator Baby No. 1. CHAS. MARSH, Valois, N. V.

REYNOLDS and CATHERINE,

new strawberries I am Introducing should be tested
by all fruit-growers. Send for free 24 page catalog,
describing 05 varieties at the lowest prices. 12 Su¬
perior, Texas or Fairfield plants mailed April 1st, for
five 1 -cent stamps and names and addresses of five
fruit-growers. Send names at once.

W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.

LOMBARDY POPLAR T?, ffi

First class trees 8 feet to 18 feet. CALIFORNIA
I’KIVET, strong, 1 year, in quantities to suit. 20
inches to 2 feet. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

Oft L/ABICTIEC STRAWBERRY PLANTS »2.00 and up
DU V AlUL 1 ICO per 1,000. Send postal to-day foi 1005
Catalogue of Fruit. H. W. HENRY, LA PORTE, INDIANA.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming; Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hlglitstown, N.J.

MY PLANT CATALOGUE FREE.

KEVITT’S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

STUDEBAKER

FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN.

There’s not a country in the civilized world, from Africa to the
Klondike, or a comity in the United States where you will not
find the Studebaker.

More than amllllon are in dally use the world over. What

do you suppose is tire secret of this wonderful success? It isn’t
“luck”; it didn’t “just happen.” It is just this— Carefulness
—Thoroughness. From the start it has been the Studebaker
idea to build the very best vehicle that expert skill and the best
workmanship can produce from the best obtainable materials.

Being the largest vehicle builders in the world, the Stude-
bakers get first choice of wagon material. Having the largest
vehicle factory in the world— covering 101 acres— they have
exceptional facilities for high grade work ; having more than
half a century’s experience they have superior knowledge
of how to build a wagon or a carriage for your use ; having
the largest wagon and carriage trade in the world, they are in
closer touch with the demands of the people and know better
what they want and what they need.

It is these things that enable Studebakers to give you the best value
for your money. If you appreciate quality and satisfaction, see

the Studebaker agent before you buy a wagon or a vehicle of any kind.

He’ll be glad to show you and it costs nothing to look.

Ask him for the Studebaker Almanac for 1905. If he can’t supply you
send your name and address with a two cent stamp to us and a free copy
w ill be sent you. Address Dept. No. 54

Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., South Bend, Ind.

Agencies * most everywhere.

k dealer may make more by selling you some other, but you will make
the most by buying a Studebaker.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

ii7

Dry Rot in Potatoes.

B. E. .1/., Sauk, Wash. — What is the cause
of dry rot in potatoes, the kind that starts in
little black specks in the tuber? Is there
any remedy? Would planting affected seed
tend to increase the rot?

Ans. — Dry rot of the potato is caused
by a fungus that gets on. the potatoes
during growth, and develops when they
are at rest in the cellar. The only known
remedies are to plant in fresh soil where
potatoes have not been grown for two
or three years, dry the potatoes off well
after digging, and sprinkle air-slaked lime
over them as they are stored in bins or
barrels in the cellar. Planting affected
seed surely increases the rot. Only per¬
fectly clean seed should be used. It is
well to dig soon after the tops die down,
as potatoes left in the soil after ripening
are more likely to become diseased.

Securing Rural Delivery.

R. N. H., Brooklyn, N. Y. — Will you give
me information as to the proper steps to take
towards securing a rural free delivery for a
small village in New York State? The pres¬
ent system of depending on neighbors who
might happen to be passing my place on the
way from the post office is very unsatisfac¬
tory and uncertain.

Ans. — Write to the Postoffice Depart¬
ment at Washington, tell what you want
and ask for circulars and blanks. 'These
blanks will enable you to make out an
accurate description of the desired route
You will have to obtain signatures of
people who want the free delivery. The
petition and description are sent to Wash¬
ington. An inspector is finally sent to
look the route over and investigate. If
his report is favorable the locality is list
ed and will be given the service in its
turn. Write your Congressman about it.

Fumigation for Lettuce.

G. K., South Park, Wash. — In using hy¬
drocyanic acid gas for aphids on greenhouse
lettuce, what per cent of potassium cyanide,
sulphuric acid and water should lie used for
1,000 cubic feet? Our houses are three-
quarter span, and are built on a sharp slope.
Would the gas bank at the high end? The
houses are moderately close, and we have
used tobacco smoke with good success. The
reason of the above question is the difficulty
in obtaining sufficient tobacco stems for fumi¬
gation purposes.

Ans.— Experiments have shown that the
safest strength to use hydrocyanic acid
gas for soft greenhouse plants, such as
lettuce, is to allow one ounce potassium
cyanide, 97 per cent strength, V/2 ounce
sulphuric acid, and two ounces of water,
for each 1,000 cubic feet of space of the
house to be fumigated. Where there is
much slope the gas will bank in the high¬
est part or end, but this can be prevented
in a measure by using a number of jars,
distributed along the length of the house,
in which to start the fumigation. You
doubtless understand that this gas is very
dangerous to life, and should be used with
caution. Fumigation is best done after
dark at the temperature of not more than
65 degrees. The acid and water should
be distributed previously in proper pro¬
portion in glass or porcelain jars at dis¬
tances of not more than 30 feet through¬
out the length of the house. The cyanide
should be accurately weighed, well
wrapped in two thicknesses of paper, and
either lowered in the jars by strings from
the outside, or rapidly placed in by a
quick and sure-footed individual, begin¬
ning at the further end, making his way
way to the door, dropping the packages
in each jar in rotation, and closing the
door at once when he gets outside. On
no account should one turn back, or even
inhale a deep breath while thus placing
the cyanide. Managed with reasonable
care hydrocyanic acid gas is a safe and
sure remedy for many greenhouse pests.

COAL TAR FOR AN IRON FENCE.

I. J. N., Danby, Vt., wishes to know
about paint on the cemetery fence, which
mu9t he an iron one. I would advise him to
clean off all the rest well with sandpaper,
then give it two coats of good shellac and
paint with linseed oil. It will last, hut by
all means don’t buy this oil of the wire trust;
if you do you will be “stuck.” c. treptow.

New Jersey.

In answer to I. J. N., page 59, I have had
no experience in painting with coal tar. but
a neighbor who painted his barn roof with it
had to have his barn reroofed in a short time.
We painted bur cemetery fence last year; it
had not, to our shame, been painted for 27

years, but was in a good state of preserva¬
tion. lb took a great deal of oil. We used
ochre for priming and best white lead for sec¬
ond coat. We shall probably give it another
coat next Summer, which will make it look
well and last a long time. I think our friend
would rue painting with coal tar. A white
fence around a green sward makes a contrast
that is attractive. May I have space in The
It. N.-Y. to call the attention of our rural
friends to our negligence of the country ceme¬
teries? We had neglected our cemetery until
it looked as though we had no respect for our
dead, which was far from l>eing the fact,
but no one took the lead. When two or three
made a start it was no trouble to raise funds
and have it set in order. Now that it is
done no amount of money would induce 11s to
have it look so disgraceful again. We feel
better by showing that we have not forgotten
our dear ones, and it adds to the value of all
surrounding property. a. j. s.

Pennsylvania.

Regarding coal tar on iron fences, nothing is
more durable if put on when weather is dry
and hot. A negro and temperature of 90. de¬
grees in the shade is just the thing for it.

Wheaton, III. j. s. p.

On page 59. I. .T. N. asks if coal tar is
good for painting metal. I can answer that
it is the best and cheapest paint for metal
rooting I have ever seen. I know of roofs
which have been painted with it for about
20 years, putting on a coat every two or
three years, that look to be as good as
new. There is no need of warming the coal
tar. as a little gasoline well stirred Into it
will soften it so it will be just right for
spreading. Use about one pint of gasoline
to three gallons of tar, and stir it thor¬
oughly. j. M. PACK.

Kentucky. _

Fond Young Mother (with first born) :
“Now, which of ns do you think he is
like?” Friend (judicially) : “Well, of
course, intelligence has not really dawned
in his countenance yet, but lie’s wonder¬
fully like both of you.” — Punch.

District V isitor : “I’ve j 11st had a let¬
ter from my son Reggie saying he has
won a scholarship. I can’t tell you how

delighted I am. I - ” Rustic Party :

“I can understand yer feelings, mum. I
felt just the same when our pig won a
medal at the agricultural show.” — Punch.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

GREER’S SEED OATS

Straw medium length, stiff and strong, Oats
pure white, heavy yielder, 65c. bu. $6.00 for 10
bus. Bags, 15c.

Monster Spring Rye.

$1.50 bu. $13.50 for 10 bus.

Early Excelsior Potatoes.

Two weeks earlier than the Ohio, and a better
yielder than the late varieties.

40c. lb. $1.00 for 3 lbs., postpaid.

For 10c. we wi 1 send a packet of the earliest
Tomato, O r Trojan, and- the new Giant Aster,
Alice Roosevelt, and our handsome Catalogue.

YOUNG & HALSTEAD

3 Grand Street, TROY, N. Y.

Aspinwall Machinery
Insures Paying
Potato Crops.

In use all over the world.
Thousands of users for over a
quarter of a century, all en¬
thusiastic. With our machines
seed is quickly cut to best. ad¬
vantage. Planting, Fertiliz¬
ing, Covering, all one oper¬
ation; any depth, any width of
row. (Corn, pea, bean and en¬
silage attachment provided.)
Digging and sorting made
easy, pleasant work.

Send for beautiful, Illustrated
free catalog, giving valuable in¬
formation regarding economical
handling of crop.

ASPINWALL MFC. CO., Dept. K ,
27 Sabin St., Jackson, Mich.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
TTLE FASTENER
ever invented,
anufactured and for
sale by

H. ROIIKRTSON,
Forestvllle. Conn.

A

Big

Harvest

and

Less

Labor

is the outcome when the
right machinery is used.

Every labor saving de¬
vice known to science in
combination with skilled
workmanship and best
materials make the

Walter A. Wood

MACHINERY

the standard harvesting
machinery of the world.
Wherever there is a foot
of tilled soil these ma¬
chines have shown their
superiority. Our hand¬
some book fully explains
the complete line. The
“New Century” Binder
is the highest type of har¬
vesting machinery. We
will tell you of the nearest
dealer — call and see it.

WALTER A. WOOD
Mowing and Reaping Machine Co.
Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
B. N.-Y. and you’ll get a . quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

“Signs of the Satisfied Farmer”

SHOWN IN PLANO
YEAR BOOK.

The Plano catalog for 1905 is a beautifully illus¬
trated book replete with interesting descriptions of
Plano machines.

Miniature reproduction of Plano catalog cover.

The artistic border designs, text, and reproductions
of machines arc printed in a pleasing combination of
buff and blue inks. On the double center pages are
shown actual photographic reproductions of field
scenes from different parts of the world. These
illustrations are appropriately entitled “Signs of the
Satisfied Farmer.”

This catalog is well worth having for its beauty
alone, and may be secured from Plano agents who
carry complete stocks of Plano repairs, and who art;
always glad to have an opportunity to show and
explain the Plano machines.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

Be PRO¬
GRESSIVE

Subsoil Plow

Built on scientific principles for
countries where Kain
Fall is not sufficient.

Bet the most from
your lands.

Investigate the
merits of this plow.

It will pay you BIG
GRAND DETOTJR PLOW COMPANY
Dixon, Illinois

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forest ville, Conn.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer&
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse,N.Y

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
structed. Saves
labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS ^aToanlsl

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

$50,000,000 WORLD’S FAIR,ST-19LJS"S

We Own All the Vast Quantity of Material Used in it’s Construction and Equipment

100,000,000 FEET OF HIGH GRADE LUMBER FOR SALE

SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR OUR ESTIMATE

SAVE FROM 30 TO 40 PER CENT. Also Sash, Doors, Roofing of all kinds, Ripe of all kinds. Wire Fenc¬
ing Hardware Machinery Household Goods and Furniture of every description, besides thousands of other
items. ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE NO. 67. We purchased every Exposition of modern days.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, Mo.

FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED Jan. 11, 1905, by* the Vermont

Maple Sugarmakers’ Association. Users of Champion Evaporators
were also awarded the first premium on maple sugar. The Grimm
Spout produces more and better sap. Learn the Grimm System.
Circular “G” tells It all. It and sample Spout free. Save your
trees and increase your income. One-fourth more sap guaranteed,
c Factories at Rutland, Vermont, Montreal, Canada and Hudson, Ohio.
Address G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, \ t.

Iron Age
(Impr.ted Hobbies)
l’utsto Heater.

IRON AGE

Implements

are made to stand the wear
and tear of hard service,
and may be used for other
purposes than those here
designated. Wherever these implements are used
better work and more of it is possible. They save
time, labor and money. “Iron Age,” our new /ree
book, describes in detail all Iron Age Implements, ■
Including Wheel Hoes, Beet Drills, Drill Seeders,
Horse Hoes, etc. Send for the book without delay, as
it contains valuable information.

BATEMAN MFG CO., Box 102, Grenloch, N. J.

Plant, Cultivate
and Spray

Here are three good implements, all essential to suc¬
cessful potato culture. The Planter drops 100 per cent.

of seed correctly; no doubles,
no misses, no bruised seed.
The Iron Age Riding Culti¬
vator is adapted to the best
care of the growing crop at al 1
times. The Sprayer will pre¬
vent blight and the ravages
of the dread potato beetle.
Sprayer also has an or¬
chard attachment.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February is.

1 18

Peat, Straw and Sawdust for Bedding. and water should also be divided in four
It. N. S., East Norton, Mass. — What is the equal portions in deep earthenware or

value of peat for bedding? It costs me at glass vessels, placed at equal distances

the farm in bales about $20 per ton, about , .

rn „ „„ , . T . or about 40 feet apart on the ground in

91.50 a month for each horse. I use box * 6

stalls. Good rye straw is worth $20. Does wa^ your house. I he packets of

the plant food contained in the peat, its value cyanide may be hung over the jars con-

as humus and the amount of liquids absorbed, tabling the acid and water, with cord, in

such a manner that they can be lowered

at the same time from the outside when

the house is closed. It is probably quite

safe for a careful individual to drop the

. „ , A . , , . cyanide in the acid jars by hand in a

to handle, better for absorbing . f . , , .

, c ” house of that length, provided he goes

which might otherwise be lost, warrant me
in paying $20 a ton for it? Its use also
saves considerable labor.

Ans. — At the same price we should use
the peat in preference to the straw. It is
easier

liquids, contains more plant food, and, we
think, will decay more rapidly in the soil.
Prof. Lindsay, of Massachusetts, quotes
this information from a Canadian bulletin :

“The first public mention of the usefulness
of moss litter as a deodorizer and absorbent
seems to have been made by Dr. Ludwig
Ilappe, of Braunschweig, in December, 1880,
since which time its application for the pur¬
pose has gradually increased until now, when
the system lias been introduced into several
towns in Germany, and 4s also practiced in
Congleton, Cheshire, England. In Canada

to the jar at the farthest end from the
door, drops a packet quickly, walks rapidly
to the next, dropping a packet of cyanide
there, and so on, to the one nearest to
the door, then going quickly outside, clos¬
ing the door at once. On no account
should he stop for an instant, or even take
a full breath while doing this, as the gas is
exceedingly dangerous to human life when
inhaled. Hydrocyanic gas fumigation in
greenhouses should only be conducted at

Did you ever see 5 straight or circular rows of
Pansies side by side, each a different color? If so,
you know that the effect is charming. Did you ever
see Childs’ Giant Pansies, marvels in beauty and
true to color? If not, you have not seen the best.

As a Trial Offer we will for lO cts. mail &

this method of deodorizing human refuse has „ight, when the temperature is not above
been In use for years at Caledonia Springs.

It, of course, at once recalls the dry earth
system, regarding which great expectations
were at one time entertained. The advantages
of moss litter over dry earth for the purpose
in question are, however, very decided. They
consist in the perfect inoffensiveness of the
moss litter product, in the fact that one
part of moss litter will deodorize and dry
at leasl Six parts of mixed excreta, and in the
greater agricultural value of the resulting
manure." The said bulletin gives quite a
number of analyses of peat moss taken from
different muck beds in Canada. It appears
when dry to contain about 12 to 15 per cent
of water, iy2 per cent of ash, and from 1 to
2 per cent of nitrogen. The percentages of
potash and phosphoric acid are not given. At
the experiment station we use sawdust for
bedding purposes, not because it is ideal, but
because it is easily obtainable. It is clean
and absorbs fairly well.

Rye straw contains on the average eight
pounds of nitrogen, 15 of potash and five
of phosphoric acid to the ton, and is slow
to decay. As to sawdust. Dr. W. H.

65 degrees. The gas at this strength may
be safely left in until morning and the
house thoroughly aired before anyone
goes in; or if this is not possible the
house may be aired after an exposure of
30 minutes or more, opening doors or
ventilators from the outside, taking care
that there is thorough and prolonged
ventilation before anyone is allowed to
enter the house. It will probably be nec¬
essary to repeat such fumigation two or
three times in succession on alternate
nights to rid the house of the pest you
mention. The mealy bug is best held
in check by forcible syringing with cold
water. If you have good pressure from
the hose and can forcibly spray your
plants daily, you should not have much
trouble with this pest. The next best
remedy is frequent spraying with common
laundry soap solution, one pound to 8
gallons of water. This should be put on
with as much force as possible, and may
be repeated every week without harm to

Jordan, of the Geneva Experiment Station, the plants if the foliage is occasionally

cleaned by syringing with pure water.

IDEAL MACHINES

THEY ARE DEERING
OF COURSE!

makes the following statement :

The composition of sawdust will vary
greatly with the species of tree from which
it came. The following are some of the per¬
centages of phosphoric acid and potash con¬
tained in different woods in the air-dried
condition. The amount of nitrogen is not
worth considering :

Phosphoric acid Potash

Chestnut . 011 .029

Oak, red . 06 .14

Oak, white . 025 .106

Georgia pine . 012 .05

Yellow pine . 01 .045

Old field pine . 007 .008

In general old growth wood contains a less
percentage of ash than wood of young trees.
It is to be remembered, of course, that the
ash constituents of sawdust are not very
readily available, because the wood decom¬
poses slowly and plants do not quickly get
at the food which the sawdust contains.

Cyanide in a Greenhouse.

M. L. B., Don{/oIa. III. — Would you tell me
the amount of cyanide of potassium and sul¬
phuric acid required to fumigate a greenhouse
20 x 160 feet, north wall five feet high, south
wall three feet,..apd ridge pole 10 feet? It
contains a mixed collection of plants. I have
a formula for fumigating nursery stock, which
calls for one ounce cyanide of potash to each
100 cubic feet of space. If required in like
quantity for a greenhouse it seems to me
rather expensive. I have a great deal of
trouble with the mealy bug. What do you
consider the best remedy for it? I have used
tobacco smoke, tobacco dust, kerosene emul¬
sion, etc., with very little effect.

Ans. — Your greenhouse would enclose
approximately 25,000 cubic feet of air
space. It is not safe to use cyanide of
potash for fumigation in greater quantity
for mixed greenhouse plants than one
ounce for each 2,000 cubic feet of space.
To use one ounce to each 100 cubic feet
of space as nurserymen do for tree fumi¬
gation would probably kill all the insects
in your house, but would quite surely kill
every growing plant. We would there¬
fore recommend not over 12 ounces of
cyanide of potassium and 16 ounces each
sulphuric acid and water, the acid and
water to be slowly and carefully mixed
together in a strong earthen vessel. The
12 ounces of cyanide should be divided
into four portions of three ounces each,
each portion securely wrapped in news¬
papers and tied with twine in a compact
packet. The 32 ounces of mixed acid

The Deering annual, just off the press, is perhaps
the most artistic annual of the famous Ideal line
that has ever appeared. On each page are repro¬
duced illustrations from the pen of a talented artist,
depicting harvesting scenes throughout the world.

j '

I

Wj . :

1: f iff i

r/,- ’ m... JV* ' I:

Size of annual, 1% x 9% inches.

Excellent half-tone reproductions of Deering
machines, printed in a rich sepia ink, with a lucid,
well-worded text in red, combine to produce a strik¬
ingly handsome effect that cannot fail to interest.

A copy of the Deering annual may be obtained
from local Deering agents in every city, village
and hamlet in the country.

Red Chief

Combined Corn

and

Pop-Corn Sheller

( Patented )

Best hand sheller
made. Closed hopper,
can’t pinch fingers,
adjusts for any size
ear.

SHELLS EVERY GRAIN

and cracks none. Always throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel, keg or straightedgebox. Pop-corn
attachment quickly applied, shells perfectly. Small
extracost. Special farmers' offer and circular free.

BRINLY-HAROY CO., 253 Main Street, Louisville, Ky.

Five Pkts. new early floweri ng Carnation Pink*
for lOcts., Scarlet. White, Pink, Red and Striped—
or All IS Pkts. for 25 cts.

Our Catalogue for 1»05-Greaiest Book of
Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs, Plants and
New Fruits. 148 pages, SOOillustrations, many plates
—will be mailed Free. Scores of Great Novelties.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, N.Y.

Try the New

^Majestic Tomato

The greatest vegetable novelty of the sea-
son. By all odds the largest, finest flavored
and most productive in existence. Thou¬
sands of our customers who received-small
trial packages last spring wrote us in the
L fall that it surpassed all other sorts and
V produced 100 lbs. to 147 lbs. of fruit to
^ie plant. Many reported single toma-
toes, weighing 3 It s. to 6^ lbs. each.
Just think what this kind of a crop would
mean on an acre of ground. The fruits
are not coarse grained and poor like
other large sorts, but are smooth, solid,
have few seeds, and are unsurpassed in
quality.Of fineshapeand beautiful color.
Last year the seed sold at 40c per packet
otlOOseeds, but this season, we have
reduced price to 15cts, and in ad¬
dition to this we are offering

$100.00 in Cash

prizes this year for the ’
largest tomato grown. *
i Our large illustrated cat*- (
I logue describing the above <
r and many other choloe novel - ]
ties will be sent free if you *
mention tbia paper. '

IOWA SEED CO.,

Dos Moines, Iowa.

wm

am«

fir'-

Corn

5

iffW

JfflL

I have been growing plump seeds and
sellingthem on the square. My custom¬
ers stick. Nobody else sells my quality of seeds
at my prices. 1 cent a pkt. and up. Onion seed
50c per lb. All other seeds equally low.

A Large Lot of Extra Packages Pre¬
sented EPEE with Every Order.

I want to fill a trial order, large or small, for you.
You 11 come again. Send your own and neigh¬
bor’s name and address for big FREE catalogue

R. H. SHUHWAY, Rockford, Ills.

challenge the world to pro¬
duce a more prolific, early, big
eared corn variety than Salzer’a
Horae Builder, bo named be¬
cause 50 acres of this fine corn
yielded so heavily that its net pro¬
ceeds built a beautiful home for the
lucky possessor. See catalog.

Here are some of the yields our
customers had of this corn
157 bu. per acre.

By John Flagel, La Porte Co., Ind.

100 bu. per acre.

By O. E. Michael, Mont. Co., O.

106 bn. per acre.

By Richard Spaeth, Lake Co., Ind.

198 bn. per acre.

By J. D. Walker, Hamblem Co.,
Tenn.

220 bu. per acre.

By Lawrence Scheistel, Ogemaw
Co., Mich.

225 bu. per acre.

By J. W. Massey, Crockett Co.,
Tenn.

804 bu. per acre.

Ray Stearns, Ransom Co., N. D.
says: “Ripened In 120 days, ft
Yielded 304 bu. per acre. Next
year I will grow 400 bu. per acre
from it.”

National Oats.

Enormously prolific. Does well
everywhere. It won’t let your acre
produce less than 100 bu. Try it.

Billion Dollar Grass.

Most talked of grass la America.
Would be ashamed of itself if it
yielded less than 14 tons of splendid
hay per acre.

For 10c. In Stamps

and the name of this paper, wo
will gladly send you a lot of farm
seed samples, well worth $10.00 to
get a start with, together with our
mammoth 140 page Illustrated
catalog, describing such novel-

PfiD CAI C-CRIM80N CLOVER Seed, 15.50
I yll wNLt bushel; Cow Peas, $1.? j bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

_ _ Milford, Delaware.

Dibble’s Seed Potatoes

Are Northern grown, vigorous and productive.
Riant them and double your crops. All the new and
standard kinds direct from the growers to you. Our
stock is clean, sound and healthy, and saved from
fields free from blight or rot. Our prices are lowest,
our quality the best. Also Seed Corn, Oats, Clover
and Grass Seeds. Catalog free.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower,

HONEOYE FALLS, N. ¥,

PLANT

PAGE’S SEEDS-THEY GROW

That’s the kind you want no mat¬
ter whether you use few or many
you want the kind you can depend
upon. Our new 72 page catalogue,
•lithograph covers and plates of ■

Roses and Nasturtiums describes over 1000 va-
rieties of Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, Free. Write to-day
The Page Seed Co., SEEDSMEN, Greene, N. Y.

REST SEED POTATOES

** A, G. ALDRIDGE, Fishers,

SEED SOWERS

C f\r\ and up. Booklet with Calendar free.

SEEDER MFG. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich

Catalogue of

. . _ _ _ 70 varieties free

A. »■ ALDRIDGE, Fishers, Ontario Co., N Y.

All Kinds
All Prices

RELIABLE SEED CORIM

Good Seed Corn should be above suspicion.

Richardson’s Reid’s Yellow Dent Boone Co. White

'1 hese standard varieties have been carefully grown and selected for
the most critical trade.

Generous free samples and “Cornology," a free booklet.

It answers all your questions.

Teaches how to get big returns from a small investment.

Prairee State Seed Company
Peoria, Illinois

G. M. Richardson

Manager

SEED COM THAT GBOWS IS SEED THAT

Grown Only by the Western Seed Company, Shenandoah, Iowa

Try our Diamond Joe’s Seeds and see the difference between them and Cheap Seeds, all
such are dear even as a gift and ruinous to those who plant them. Don’t be fooled. Better he
cautious than sorry. All our Seeds are Guaranteed to Grow or your money back. Write for our
la^L,i UHtHat0d-C,a,tal0gi0 ^aJ- 11 tells tells you all about it. It’s Free for the asking It gives

m!rte,mripdrw^rlPsi0rtSt°fria Farm' Garden and Flower Seeds that are worth planting. Every packet
sold under seal. Send to-day, then you can order and receive seeds in good time for planting.

Address, WESTERN SEED COMPANY, Shenandoah, Iowa

Buy only the genuine

FARQUHAR Keystone
Corn Planter

- *

DON’T BUY ANY OTHER

Until You Investigate the Merits of a Machine
That lias Stood the Test of Time,

Plants corn, beans, peas, etc., without cracking a grain or
missing a hill. Drops seed in drills, or in hills at any dis¬
tance. Distributes any kind of fertilizer in any quantity de¬
sired, with absolute safety from injury to seed. Send for
handsome new catalogue of Com Planters, Grain Drills,
Cultivators, Spring Tooth Harrows and other farm tools;
also Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills and Threshing Machinery.
W e manufacture the largest and most complete line of farm
machinery and implements on the market. 1 1 will be to your
advantage to write to us before buying anything in this line.
Farquliar machinery awarded more Gold Medals at St,
Louis than any other.

A. B. FARQUHAR C0„ Ltd., York, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 19

A SELF-WARMING WATER TANK.

The device pictured in diagrams is
thus described in a letter to one of our
readers: There is a half inch block tin
pipe running up through the main pipe
(or supply pipe), and at the bottom of
boxings there is a “dry well,” which is

always warm. Enough of this warm air
percolates up through the half inch block’
tin pipe to keep the water from freezing.
In extremely cold weather we pump tank
full about twice or three times a week.
This in itself is a protection, as it keeps
the large bulk of water above freezing
except at surface. The tank is jacketed,
making air spaces all round. The supply
pipe continues up through the water in
tank and out of the top of the supply
pipe sticks the block tin pipe, and lets
the warm air out. There is an air space
all round the tank. Thus far we have
had not the least trouble. We have thus

far this Winter had a perfect supply of
running liot and cold water on both floors.
We had one spell of steady cold weather
about the week before Christmas. There
are more than 40 of this kind of water
supply system in use from here (Massa¬
chusetts) to Maine, and only one was
ever frozen up, and that was owing to
faulty puTting up. E. p.

Massachusetts^ _

RAISING A BARN.

I have a barn 45 feet square. I would like
to raise up and put stabling underneath,
and thought some of the many readers of
The It. N.-Y. could give me a plan. I would
like four stalls and -one box stall for horses
on one side, with the remainder of that side
for a silo; two rows of stabling for cows in
the remainder of the space. g. w. e.

Fordham, N. Y.

I should say the plan here shown would

We

meet your demand. If more convenient
to the house change the horse stalls to the
south and put silo in north corner, and put
short row of cows back of silo and box
stall. The platform can be made to suit

the size of cows kept; five feet would be
for large Holsteins. Leave a narrow pass¬
age at one end, whichever is most conven¬
ient to carry silage. The large open space
back of horses will be useful often to
drive in with wagon or sleigh. It would
be difficult to have row of cows past horse
stalls; in fact, this room as arranged will
hold more stock than the silo and room
above would hold feed if a barn floor and
granary is taken out. Put in three win¬
dows on the west, 3x6 feet, two on the
south, say 4x6 feet, because it is not easy
to get one in the center in the door. Use
small windows in each horse stall, about
two feet square and near the ceiling. Use
three windows on north side, or if you
prefer put in four on the west and two on
the north, which would probably be better.
Ceil inside, leaving an air space of not less
than eight inches, and stuff with straw;
have perfectly tight floor overhead. Put
in King system of ventilation, and you
have a fine home for your stock. Don’t
fail, of course, to use concrete for floor.

H. E. COOK.

IMPROVED GARDEN TOOLS.

Success in farming or gardening depends
more than is generally believed upon the se¬
lection of tools. Many a gardener lias learned
to his own loss that out-of-date implements
are little better than the old-fashioned hand
methods. One of the most striking exam¬
ples of modern labor-saving garden tools—
which in service and improvements approach
well-nigh to perfection itself is the famous
Planet Jr. line made by S. L. Allen & Co. of
Philadelphia.

Planet Jr. tools are used extensively in
every quarter of the globe. They are so thor¬
oughly up-to-date that every user of them has
the advantage of improvements virtually
made to meet his own individual needs. This
feature is forcibly illustrated in the Planet
Jr. No. 4 Combined Seeder shown herewith.
It Is pictured as a seeder, and plants either
in continuous rows or in hills 4, 6, 8, 12 or
24 inches apart. -The seed-sowing device is
absolutely accurate, and is so simple in con¬
struction that it is practically impossible
for it to get out of order. But a moment
is required to convert the tool into a culti¬
vator or plow capable of doing the finest
kind of work in hoeing, either to or from
plants, furrowing, ridging, cultivating, mark¬
ing, etc. The Planet Jr. family includes seed¬
ers, wheel hoes, hand plows, one and two
horse cultivators, harrows, combination tools,
sugar beet cultivators, etc.

Every planter should have a copy of the
1905 Planet Jr. catalogue. It is one of the
most, attractive as well as comprehensive
hand-books of garden tools ever published. Be¬
sides containing beautiful photographic illus¬
trations of garden scenes, it carefully de-
scrioes the entire line of Planet Jr. tools.
It may be had free upon request to S. L.
Allen & Co., Box 1107 V, Philadelphia, Pa.

Here’s the Power

tliat’a simple and efficient and reliable. Not the
whimsical wind or the unreliable gas
engine. It’s steam and it’s

A Leffel Engine

After all others are tried out you come back to
steam for ensifage and feed cut¬
ting, sawing, grinding, etc. Leffel
is the line adapted to all
farm uses. Many
styles, horizon¬
tal and upright,
all of same ef¬
ficiency. Quick
steaming power
that’s sure and
equal to every
duty. “Leffel
quality.” Write
for large free
catalogue.

The James
ffi? Leffel
g & Co.,

"! Box 146,
Springfield, O

When Plow Hunting]

SYRACUSE

choose from the celebrated Syracuse line
a plow that the experience of thousands
has proven to be right. Of the long line
of Sulkies, Gangs and Walking Plows the
No. 401

CHILLED
PLOW

shown here has proved one of the most
popular. Wearing parts all chilled, made
right and left handed. A glance at its
moldboard suggests the smooth, even fur¬
row it turns. It’s the plow that’s at home
in the gravelly, stony soils. If your dealer
does not handle the Syracuse Chilled
write us. We’1,1 send catalogue and see
you supplied.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co.,

Syracuse, N. Y.

Takes the
Place of
the Plow
in Many
Soils

JOHNSTON

And it Does
the Work
Better
Quicker
uu Easier

cCac

USE1 DISK HARROW

is a truly economical implement. It turns, breaks up and thoroughly pulverizes the soil,
letting in the warm sunshine, thus sweetening and freshening sour, stale land. Cuts
andcovers up weeds, stubble and trash; cuts but does not pull up sod. Works with
least possible friction and tills entire width of cut. Lightest draft disk harrow made.
Send for a copy of our Disk Harrow booklet and learn why its Roller Bearings, Improved
Center Bumpers, Pressed Steel Weight Boxes, Special Steel Disks, Steel Scrapers and
Direct Draft for three horses make it the most desirable tilling machine to buy. Strong
and durable; will outwear any other makes. Made in widths from 4 to 25- ft. cut, 16, 18 or
20-in. solid disks, 16 or 18-in. cut-out disks, one lever or two, with or without Center-Cut at¬
tachment or Disk Drill and Seeder attachment. Grand Prize— highest St. Louis Award.

Johnston Harvester Company, Box C-1, Batavia, New York, U. S. A.

IF WE HELP YOU , WILL YOU HELP US?

IF you order a Whalebone Vehicle from us and we furnish you with a vehicle that suits you and on
which we will save you from 40 to 60% — the retail dealer’s profit— wiil you help us sell other vehi¬
cles in your neighborhood? By our One .Month’s Free Trial Plan you have the best protection
that anyone can give you. We will ship you any vehicle that you
may select from our 1906 Catalogue, giving you One Month’s Free
Trial Use of same, and if at the end of that time, you are not sat¬
isfied that it is just what you want and that it suits you from top to
bottom, you Bond it back to us, we pay freight both ways, and it has
not cost you one cent of expense. A penny for a postal will bring yoi
our new 1 905 Catalogue of all the styles we manufacture with de¬
tailed account of our liberal One Month’s Free Trial Plan, and will tell
you just why we are able to make this wonderful offer.

If you do not want a new vehicle or set of harness yourself,
tell one of your friends whodoes. Our Whalebone Model
Top Baggy is the most complete, stylish and up-to-date
buggy ever produced by any manufacturer We on n finish
it in any way you want— very fancy or plain, light or
heavy. Every vehicle guaranteed in writing for two
years. Don’t fail to write for our Catalogue today. Address

The Whalebone Carriage and Harness Co.

171 W. Sixth St. Cincinnati , Ohio

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

plow anew

my Harrow keeps the land

30 ' — - —

cut forest. His Double-Action Cuiawiv

true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.
DiskPiovvcutsafurrowotolOin.deep, <4^44 in.wide
All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
orany foul plant. Send forclr’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Hlgganum, Conn., U. 8. A.

i nil ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n~n 1 1 1 1 1 n

II

r n • * » r r

,;w4i

El

New Steel Roofing and Siding

Painted red on both sides

$2.00 Per 100 Square Feet.

Most durable and economical covering for Roofing, Siding or Celling, for Barns, Sheds, Ilouses, Stores,
Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Cheaper and will last longer than any other material. Sheets
six and eight feet long.

We Pay the Freight

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for prices for shipment
to such points. This roofing at 82.00 per square is our No. 10 grade, flat, seml-hardened. 82.10 for corrugated,
“V” crimped or pressed standing seam. 82.25 for brick siding and beaded celling or siding. No experience
necessary. Send us your order for Immediate shipment. We have othe grades.

WRITE FOR FUF.E CATALOGUE No. C- 57, on Building Material, Wire, Pipe, Plumbing Material,
Furniture, Household Goods, etc. We Buy at Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th & Iron Sts., Chicago.

TOP BUGGY at BOTTOM PRICE

BUYS THE

SPLIT
HICKORY
SPECIAL

On 30 Days
Free Use Plan

The Fastest Sell¬
ing Top Buggy
on the Market.

Why? Because it is made by the old reliable Ohio Carriage Manufacturing Co. from
thoroughly seasoned second growth split hickory. Because every Split Hickory vehicle
is guaranteed by this company for two full years from date of purchase— the longest
guarantee period of any reliable manufa turer. Because the 30 Days Free Use affords
ample time for the purchaser to thoroughly satisfy himself that the buggy is first class in
every particular, and a better vehicle than dealers /sell for nearly double its price,

RIGID FACTORY INSPECTION

Every Split Hickory Special Top Buggy is given the most rigid factory inspection
before shipment, so that the company is perfectly safe in staking its reputation for high-
grade goods on that particular buggy.

UinC Tfl YOUR nnnER We not only make Split Hickory Specials so that
ITIRUb I U I UUn UnUCrl each one comes up to our ideas of all that a buggy
should be, but we let you decide just how you want it finished — whether you prefer a
wooden spring bar or a Bailey body loop; whether you want a three or four-bow top;
high or low wheels; arched or dropped axles; wide or narrow body— in fact, your wishes
are gratified just as far as is reasonably possible.

Split Hickory Specials are designed on graceful lines, finished like pianos, and stand
the strain of hard usage because they’re built “on honor.” Material and workmanship
A 1 throughout. Never was more buggy value crowded into a 150 price. In proof of our
sincerity, there’s our two-year guarantee, with good money back of it.

The 1905 Split lllekory Catalogue of our full line of buggies and harness, 192
pages, is now ready. Save jobber’s and dealer’s profits by buying from factory.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING CO. (H. C. Phelps, Pres.)

STATION290 CINCINNATI, O.

120

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February IS,

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Eggs. — The cold snap extended over the
largest producing sections, and the effect is
how clear in the very light offerings of fresh
eggs and the advanced prices on all grades.
This makes a good demand for storage eggs,
and holders who put away at 17 cents or a
little ul>ove are making money. A good many
frozen eggs are arriving. The general range
of prices is three to live cents above last week,
but trade is dull at these figures.

Flouk Complications. — Millers in this
country, particularly in the Northwest, have
had a hard season. To shut down is a seri¬
ous matter for concerns having large amounts
of capital tied up in their plants, and to run
at going prices for wheat is doubtful busi¬
ness. Plenty of Canadian wheat is to lie had,
but the 25 cents per bushel duty puts it out
of reach for the domestic flour market. Some
mills have been grinding Canadian wheat in
bond, of course exporting the whole product,
bran included. A superior grade of flour is
made by grinding together Canadian hard
wheat and some of the softer domestic grains.
Heretofore the Government has refused
to allow any rebate of duty, commonly known
as a drawback, on this flour when exported,
even though a portion of the wheat used
was entitled to this rebate when sent out of
this country. The Government contended
that, in grinding, me Canadian wheat lost its
identity to such an extent that it was im¬
possible to tell by inspection of any lot ol
flour just the proportion entitled to the draw¬
back This position was clearly contrary to
the spirit of the law and put an unjust
pressure on the milling industry. The At¬
torney General has now decided that this im¬
ported wheat does not lose its right to refund
of duty on export, even though mixed with
a product not entitled to this refund. The
books and sworn statements of the millers
will be taken as evidence on which the draw¬
backs will be paid, and the Government
inspection of the books and business will
be thorough. All this will have little effect
on the domestic price of flour, but it will
stimulate the milling business, and thus make
a better market for our high-priced wheat.

Philadelphia Milk Supply. — The Phila¬
delphia Board of Health, in its efforts to se¬
cure sanitary milk, proposes a measure com¬
pelling dairymen and milk dealers generally
to screen all rooms iu which milk is handled,
so as to exclude flies. As flies are a prolific
medium for the transmission of disease, then-
exclusion from the milk supply is a very nec¬
essary matter. The following regulations
were adopted by the Philadelphia Milk Ex¬
change in January : ....

"Resolved, That the Philadelphia Milk
Exchange urges upon its members and all en¬
gaged in producing and distributing milk that
no milk be purchased or sold unless conform¬
ing to the following rules :

“First. Cows shall be healthy and free
from any diseases.

•‘Second. Milk from any cow suspected of
being ill shall be discarded from the herd

milk. , , , . , .

"Third. The dairyman and Ins household
must be free from any contagious disease.

“Fourth. Milk pails used in milking should
have a covered top, with a small opening,
protected by wire sieve and cloth strainer.

“Fifth. All cans and dairy utensils shall
be scrupulously clean before using.

“Sixth. No milk to be kept or sold from
living rooms or any room connected with the
stable. , . ....

“Seventh. Absolute cleanliness of bottles
and bottling apparatus.

“Eighth. Clean rooms for filling bottles.

“Ninth. Clean boxes for storage of bottles
or cans, with drains connected to avoid sewer
gas.

“Tenth. Delivery wagons to be thoroughly
clean, both inside and outside.”

Dr Abbott. President of the Philadelphia
Board of Health, says that last year, in
milk coming from 400 different herds, analysis
showed evidence of disease in 84 per cent of
the samples. Every effort is being made to
insure high standards of purity and health¬
fulness in Philadelphia’s milk supply.

Apples. — The market is in miserable con¬
dition. A large quantity of frozen stuff is
arriving. The quotations given this week ap¬
ply only to sound apples. Those much
touched with frost go at the first decent offer,
and dealers consider such sales clear gain.
1 have seen selected apples during the past
week that were not worth 25 cents a barrel.
Others sold for 50 and 75 cents, and prob¬
ably the buyers got fair value out of (hern
if iised at once, as many have only frosted
spots that are not over one-eightli inch
deep. Greenings and Spies make a very
bad showing when chilled. Russets, Baldwins
and some types of Newtowns stand it better.
1 have seen Newtown seedlings which were
improved by freezing. Some apple specula¬
tors are likely to lose large amounts unless
there is a decided upward turn in price be¬
fore long. There are heavy storage holdings
that would not now sell within 25 cents a
barrel of the price paid. The persistently
low range at which apples have been selling
this Winter is good evidence that the limit
of profitable production has been reached, un¬
less strenuous and persistent work in increas¬
ing the demand is taken up. The idea held
by many that apples will sell themselves is
true to* some extent, the same as with
other natural products and manufactured
goods. But manufacturers long ago found
that they not only could “work up” de¬
mands, but that they must do this in order
to run their business on a basis of profit.
They found it necessary to get at the con¬
sumers. and they thus made them and their
friends greater consumers. In some lines of
manufactured goods the mosl thought and
aggressive work have to be given to the sell¬
ing end of their product ; machines, both
inanimate and human can make the goods,
but the most resourceful men they can get
are needed to handle the distribution. Apple
growers are now meeting this end of the
problem. With the large number of orchards
just coming into bearing and the heavy an¬
nual plantings, every reasonably fruitful year
will bring tip this vexatious question. A
moderate crop of apples will sell itself at
a paying price, but a full yield will not.
A number of efforts at advertising, etc., have
been made, but they were too spasmodic or
inadequate, or the apples did not come up to
the claims. Here is a live matter for every
Grange, farmers’ club or other association
at all representing commercial apple grow¬
ing to consider. The growers need not ex¬
pect that the middlemen are going to work
it out for them out of pure benevolence.

'There are as many different solutions to this
question as there are places where apples
can be sold, and every grower who in some
way induces some one to use apples or more
apples is helping materially. w. w. h.

Holstein Cattle. — The Stevens Brothers-
Ilastings Co., Holstein cattle breeders, of
Lacona, N. Y., report increasing activity in
the sale of the black and whites during the
present season. Within two months they have
sold six young bulls for $5,750, a business
record that speaks well for the quality of a
herd having cows whose progeny will com¬
mand such prices. This company has also
had a large trade in lower priced animals,
and recently shipped a carload of fine young,
cows and heifers that averaged only alxnit
$150 each.

The IIenkeeper’s Lament. — I see some
one has written an ode to a hen. Now, I’d
like to know what he owed to a hen. ’The
hen of all creatures, the biggest of eaters ;
she just walks round, on the two of her legs,
and though you should beat her, she won’t
lay eggs. You may feed her red pepper, hot
water to drink, and weaken your intellect
trying to think what next you can do to
make that; hen lay, you may feed her on grain
of every description, and search all the papers
for every prescription that's offered by quacks
for to “Make the Hens I. ay.” You may coax,
you may plead, and, yes, you may beg ; you
may stuff her daily with all kinds of feed.
Anil then she'll reward yon with “nary an
egg.” And now 1 should think, after all this
fuss, I should now, indeed, that the hen
owed us. p. e. R.

Fredonia, N. Y.

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS

A REVIEW OF CHAMPION
HARVESTERS.

The many friends of Champion harvesting
machines cannot fail to be pleased with the new
Champion annual for 1905. It is printed in two
colors, decorated with beautiful photographic repro¬
ductions, and contains excellent illustrations and
descriptions of Champion machines

Size of annual, x9X inches.

The many good points of the Champion line are
so convincingly set forth as to cause the reader to
wonder why everyone is not using the famous
Champions. ,

This annual may be obtained from any of the'
local Champion agents, and is free for the asking.

$1

IOmachine

That will weave fence at
cost of wire only. Saves
money. $25 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel Wire
for 100 rods of fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CARTER WIRE FENCE
MACHINE CO.

Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio.

Simpler construction make Page Fences best in vest¬
ments. Ask for photo showing fence after 19 years use.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co.. Box 719, Adrian, Mich.

The Cheapest Roof Ever Put On

A newrubber roofing that for wearing qualities
and cost cannot be equaled. Weather, rain, sun-
proof-fire-resisting. Water runs off it like it does
from a duck’s back- that’s why it’s soak-proof.
That’s why it lasts for years-why it don’t shrivel
or warp, but Instead, hardens and toughens like
iron. Roofing that absorbs moisture, whether
shingles or prepared material will soon give out ;
the swelling and contracting causes it to loosen
and rot. The sun draws out with the evaporating
moisture it’s very life - it’s wearing qualities -
leaving a dead, tinder-llke substancethatsoon be¬
comes as easily soaked with moisture asablanket.
Atestof H. B. RUBBER ROOFINC soon
provesit Is best while the cost is very small.

$1 .25 Per Roll- 1 0O SQuare Feet

Justfigureout what it would cost to cover the
roof of your house, barn, shed, or poultry house,
and then figure that It will outlast any other roof¬
ing and you’ll find It the cheapest roofing ever
put on. Can belaid over old shlngles.the only tool
necessary is a hammer. Requires no painting and
does not taint the rain water. Suitable for any cli-
mate.^Excellent for siding or lining purposes.
Each Roll contains nails, caps and cement suffi¬
cient to lay It. Comes in three thicknesses. One-ply
#1.25 two-ply #1.90 three-pl y#2.75per square
of 108 sq. ft. SEND F0» BOOKLET “V” & FREE SAMPLES.
Harris Bros. LOOMIS & 35th. STS A CHICAGO.

SHeaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire |

: 15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

[We also sell direct to farmers atwholesale prices, i
^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wir
, Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

*The Resistor”'

Rex ^(mlkote
, ROOFING ■

fa** . ,i,,, v’-V, ;j tJ .

Resists Snow

Melting snow
will find roof- holes
where rain is harmless.

No need to shovel snow off
Rex Flintkote. It resists the
fiercest storms, rain or snow. Fire-
resisting, durable and easy to lay.

SEND FOR FREE BOOK

and complete line of samples, photographs
of farm buildings, und valuable hints on
their proper roofing and siding.

Do not accept so-called substitutes. Your
naaaav dealer can supply Rex FI intkote
it you demand it. Send for
kthe book to-day.

] J. A, & W. BIRD & CO.

70 India Street,

Boston, Mass.

ANCHOR FENCE

day for catalog “ D ’
ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO..

Is strong, durable and
economical— made on
a common sense plan.
Sold to you at manu¬
facturer’s prices. Send to-

Cleveland, Ohio

OF COURSE YOU WILL

buy the Frost Fence when you see the New Dock.
Thousands have already received samples and are
now mailing their orders. If you want a fence that
will last a lifetime, we make It.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO..Cleveland Ohio.

IWANS’ Post Hole anadu£eerll

a For Fence and Telephone Poet Holes , W Ws, Prospecting , etc. A mao
can do three timet the work with an Iwan Auger than with any other.

Sizes 3 to 10 inch.

Used by U. 8. Gov't. /xg" - 12.50 each: 12 Inch,

16.00:14 * neb. *8.00.
Inquire of your hard¬
ware or implement

Agente Wanted. - ^ J**1"- ®r ,wri,e u«

for particulars and

| circulars of our tools you need on the farm. Sample at special price t.
1 introduce. Iwun Brothers, Dept. No. 4, Street or, Ill.

BUY FENCE WIRE NOW.

PAY NEXT SPRING.

Best grade, Galvanized Wire, 49 inch fence
at 28c. per rod, in 10 and 20 rod rolls;
Barb Wire, galvanized, 3c. per rod, in 80
and 160 rod rolls. We guarantee quality
and price. W rite your wants. Catalog/m;.
CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

If You Want a FENCE

SEE THAT TWIST tip

OM

That is made from thebest High Carbon Steel Wire.

That is Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust or corrosion.

That isCOILKDto provide for contraction and expansion,
That is Strong Fnough to turn the most vicious animal.

That is Woven Closely to turn chickens and small pigs,

That staples to the posts as you would nail a board,
Thateasily adjustsitself to all uneven surfaces.

That Is woven in such a manner that compels every wire
to bear its portion of strain,

That you can Huy Direct from the firm that makes it, with
Freight Prepaid to your nearest railroad station,

That you can examine at your railroad station and re- 1
turn if it displeases you in any particular,

That you can erect and Use for Thirty Days, and if unsat¬
isfactory return at our expense and get your money,
Write for Free Catalog giving full information. Address, (

^KITSELMAN BROS, Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

REAL POULTRY FENCE FOR REAL POULTRY YARDS
Better than ordinary wire fence or netting, because of twisted wire cables and
square mesh, making it possible to stretch it tightly without making it buckle or
sag and permitting it to conform to the inequalities of the ground without cutting.
Mesh lj^x3 inches at bottom, gradually increasing to 2x3, then 4x3.

Small chickens cannot escape and a Union Lock Fence 4 or 5 feet high will

keep in older fowl.

No top rail or bottom boards necessary, and
half the number of posts used for netting are
sufficient. This effects a great saving.

Heavily galvanized with prime Western Spelter,
it outwears any other fence we know.

Sold by the rod only — in rolls of 10 or 20 rods —
50 rods or more delivered F. O. B. nearest depot.
Made in widths from J2 to 84 inches.

Write for Catalogue D and “ A Short Story for
Poultry Raisers. ”

UNION FENCE COMPANY,

114 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY.

Mills at

New Haven, Ct., DeKalb, Ills., Oakland, Cal.

faustf* July It, ION “4 **. I6t*.

This Trade-Mark in Colors appears on every roll.

Rampant Bulls
Can’t Break

ELLWOOD FENCE

for it’s made from the strongest of wire and is braced like a railroad
bridge. It’s as strong and firm as a solid steel plate would be, and
nothing can get through it while the posts hold.

ASK OUR DEALER in your-town about the ELLWOOD. Have him tell you
and show you. Ask him questions — he’s there for your convenience — then you’ll
know yourself that the ELLWOOD is the fence you’ve been looking for. It’s an
honest, dependable fence at a fair price.

You’ll surely want our 1905 Fence Book. It will tell you more
things about fences than you ever dreamed of. It’s FREE.

AMERICAN 8TEEL & WIRE CO. Dept. 140 CHICAGO, N EW YORK, DEN VER, SAN FRANCISCO

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 2 I

FARMER AND CANNING FACTORY.

r. A. S., Guy's Mills, Pa.— Will you discuss
the canning factory business from the farm¬
er's standpoint? I should like to hear from
farmers located near a factory and what
they think of them, also what prices the fan¬
ners usually pay for produce. There is a fac¬
tory being built within two miles of my place
which will cost the stockholders $12,800.

My experience with the canning busi¬
ness is limited, and I heartily wish it had
been more limited. A couple of pro¬
moters — so-called — induced a number of
us to take stock in an association organ¬
ized by them, which included paying for
a factory, which they proposed to build. It
turned out as might be expected, and the
association lost $10,000. Aside from this,

I have contracted with canning factories
for Bartlett pears three times, and was
satisfied, though freight took off most of
the profit. I cannot explain the business,
as you reejuest, but in theory, and it
must be in practice, the canning factory is
a great institution, and one that would
be greatly missed if it should pass, for
it gives market for many acres of produce,
and furnishes most valuable food — not
only a luxury, but health promoting.

Cayuga Co., N. Y., J. g.

I have made it pay in the past grow¬
ing tomatoes for the can house at $6 per
ton, but of late the crop seems very un¬
certain. My plan of late has been to start
my plants under glass, then put them in
five-inch boxes under glass, and get them
early. I sell them in the early market at
$1.50 down to 25 cents per basket; when
they get lower sell to the can house ;
price $8 to $8.50 per ton. They have
paid me $125 to $150 per acre. The earlier
the plants the better the crop and price.
The can men are now offering $8 per ton
for 1905. It will pay those who are not
fixed to grow their own plants to pay
$2 per 1,000 to have early plants. The
experience in this part of the country
is that the earliest plants give the best
crop. If the grower can get the can men
to contract for Kicffer pears at 20 cents
per basket, that will pay well. j. b.

Cumberland Co., N. J.

I have been growing tomatoes in a small
way (from three to five acres) for can-
ners for some time, more as a secondary
crop, particularly when I find my fruit
hurt, as it is then soon enough to plant
tomatoes for canners. I have not found
them of much profit at less than $8 per
ton. They require first-class land to prod¬
uce 10 tons per acre of good merchantable
fruit and frequently much less. I
grow them more to keep my peach
pickers employed ; by that means I
get them picked much cheaper and
find some profit in them. I grow a few
early tomatoes for market, 3,000 or 4,000
plants. These I grow in four-inch pots
under glass, and they are in bloom by
May 1, but do not set them out until we
think the danger of frost is past. I
would not grow by contract for less than
$8 per ton, as there are many other crops
that pay much better. R. s. e.

Kent Co., Md.

I tried peas and a few tomatoes, on
both of which I lost money, but it was
more my fault, or rather the fault of the
tenant than on other conditions. I think
that in growing vegetables for the can¬
nery much would depend upon the soil
and the nearness to the cannery. The
hauling of tomatoes any distance, par¬
ticularly over bad roads, is quite an item
of expense. Still if you have land that
will yield from six to eight tons of to¬
matoes an acre, and can get anything like
$7 per ton, you ought to get some money
out of them, besides having your ground
in good condition for the succeeding crop
of whatever you wish to plant. I have
never known many of our farmers around
here to get much out of peas or corn,
but in some sections they might do well.
On good land I should think there was
more money in tomatoes than in almost
any other crop for the grower. We have
a large cannery here, one six miles
north of us, two seven miles south of us,
and a number of smaller ones through

the county. I think the prices paid last
Summer were about as follows: $7 per
ton for tomatoes ; $6 for corn ; $4 for
pumpkin ; 2)4 cents per pound for peas
after they are hulled; 2 to 3 cents per
quart for blackberries; 12)4 to 30 cents
per basket for peaches, according, to
size and quality. j. t. w.

Sussex Co., Del.

I have at different times contracted and
sold to canning houses both vegetables
and fruits, but in my own case usually
with little or no profit in the case of
vegetables. Just here at Canandaigua the
season is too short to make tomatoes
a paying crop to sell to canning houses,
but large quantities are yearly grown
near Rochester, N. Y. for that purpose,
and farther south large areas are devoted
to that crop year after year, so that it
would seem some one finds it to pay.
About here a great many green peas and
much sweet corn is grown on contract to
the canning houses, and I judge with
some profit, as the same farmers seem to
follow it up year after year. Also quite
a lot of pieplant, squashes, and pumpkins
are used by canning houses about here.
Of late years 1 have been engaged in
fruit growing exclusively, and almost
every year sell more or less to canning
houses. I sold last year white sweet cher¬
ries at five cents per pound f. o. b. Canan¬
daigua to a canning house, and the price
of sour cherries was from 3 )4 to 4)4 cents
per pound. 1 sold my crop of Crawford
peaches last year at $1.50 per bushel to
a canning house, and they paid 1 to 1)4
cent per pound for Bartlett pears. Can¬
ning houses about here have contracts
with farmers for strawberries at five to
six cents per quart of 20 ounces ; black
raspberries, four cents per quart ; red
raspberries five to six cents per quart,
and these farmers think it pays them
well, and are yearly increasing their plant¬
ings. For the fruits which I grow I can¬
not always find satisfactory sale to the
canners, so that I often ship the bulk of
my crop to markets east and south usu¬
ally, but whenever 1 can get a satisfactory
price I like to sell to the canners. From
my knowledge of the business I should
say the question of profit or loss in such
business lies largely with the distance
from the packing houses, the facility with
which suitable help could be obtained,
and adaptability of the soil to crop to be
grown. Usually any land which produces
good crops of grain or potatoes is suit¬
able for vegetables for canners, but the
richer the land the more likely to reap a
profit. w. h. p.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

Cement for Roof. — On page 024 “Reader"
asks advice as to how lie shall treat a leaky
tin roof, whether a coat of cement would be
good, etc. 1 may say emphatically that
■Reader” would only waste his money in
putting cement on a roof in that way, in fact
in any way, as cement is not impervious to
water, more especially when mixed with sand.
The best way of all to remedy an old tin roof
is to tear it off and put on a new one, paint
the under side with two coats metallic
paint, well dried before laying, then keep the
upper side painted, say once in three years,
and it will stay. The next best thing is
to cover the old roof with five-ply felt, coal
tar pitch and gravel ; tilts will last 20 years.
The next best thing is plastic slate, but in
any case let some one do it who knows his
business. M. n.

Paterson, N. J.

rofiiabl

Crops

The seeds
[that produce
the early
and choice crops are the kind that
make the money for the farmer. W e
tell about our fine varieties in our

“Garden and Farm
Manual” — Free

— and show, by actual photographs of
the different vegetables, what you can
grow.

You should also get our free illustrated
Poultry Supply Catalogue.

Johnson & Stokes Dept K

“Seedsmen to the Money-Makers"

217-219 flarket Street, Philadelphia

At ST. LOUIS a GRAND PRIZE
was awarded on Vegetables , the
Products of

Burpee’s Seeds

If you garden you
want THE BEST

and we shall be pleased to mail you

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1905

an elegant new book of 178 pages ,
which tells the plain truth, with
hundreds of illustrations, beautiful
colored plates, and describes Superb
Novelties of unusual merit. Write
to-day! A postal card will do, while
it is sufficient to address simply

Burpee, Philadelphia

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

The World's Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade

If you want to get the
biggest returns for
your labor and
your groun<1'

>'ou can't afford
to plant anything but

FERRYS

—the standard after 49 years’
test. They always produce
the largest and surest
crops. All dealers sell
them. Our 1905
Seed Annual
free on request.

D. M. Ferry & Co.'
DETROIT, MICH.

[SEES _

Examine
our soed
rstock of onions,
^cabbages, carrots
and beets and von will know why

GREGORY’S SEEDS

have a reputation. You will find In
our new catalogue a remarkable new
drumhead cabbage, recently discovered,
head and shoulders above ull varieties
now raised. Catalogue free.

J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass.

1905

75 A

Garden Book

is replete with informa¬
tion for gardeners. A
book or 224 pages, pro¬
fusely illustrated. Six
full-page colored plates.

Mailed took! customers
without request. Send
to anyone on receipt of
ten cents, which amount
may be deducted from
first order. When writ¬
ing please mention this
magazine.

[llentyA.Dreer. 714 Chestnut 5t..Phila., Pa.J

SEEDS

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalogfree.
The Ford plan saves you money.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ford Seed Co. Deot.24 Rmenaa.O.

GRASS SEED

Field's Reid's
Yellow Dent

The big brother of the original or Illi¬
nois type of Held’s Yellow Dent. Bred
to fit the Iowa idea of longer ears,
rougher grains, plenty of vigor, and a
big yield. Same perfect form, hand¬
some color, deep grains and straight
rows, but a bigger, better type every
way. I sell it either ear or shelled.
Catalog, photographs, and samples
free and I throw in a package of
watermelon seed and one of flower
seeds besides. Send for them today.
HENRY FIELD
Seedsman
Box 2«

Shenandoah, la.

r uTheear seed com man.” -

GRISWOLD’S SEEDS

AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

We are Seed Growers and wo give the
Seed Planter more value for his money
than any other firm in the business. Send
for Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Tfios. Griswold & Co.,

38 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

! WISCONSIN SEED CORN SHIPPED ON EAR

Here is what you have been looking for. Buy on
I the ear and know what you get. Our corn Is Select,
Fire IFried, and Adapted. How do you like husk-
ling soft corn? You won’t havo to if you plant
Olds’ Wisconsin seed. We have Held’s Reliance,
J White Cap, Murdock, Pride, etc SO-page catalogue.
I free. All kinds of seeds. Gold Medal at St. Louis.

L. L. OLDS SEED CO.

| Drawer Y Clinton, Wisconsin

iJERRARKW

* seed Potatoes

I New and standard varieties. Promising new vari-
leties from the Flower Seed Ball. Cannot be pro-
' (hired elsewhere. Earliest Seed Corn and

Garden Seeds from the natural home of
i the potato, and the garden of Northern
1 Maine. Catalog free.

The Oeo. W. P. .Jerrnrrt Co., Caribou, Maine.

_ _ _ J

SEEDS

— Now write plainly to me the names
and full addresses of a number of
persons who buy Garden Seeds,
and I will carefully keep trace of them, and favor
them with lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh
tested. Northern-grown Seeds of all kinds, direct
from best reliable growers who won Gold Medals at
St. Louis Exhibition, and 1 will send to you at end of
season five (5) per cent, of the total amount of their
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily
oarned. Special terms for February.

F. VV. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio

Wholesale Grower and Importer

Timothy and all kinds of Clover
Seed, BlueGrass.Hed Top, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquires pleasure to
answer. Let me hear trom you and your wants.
Address U. ,1. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Old >•

SECOND CROP SEED POTATOES

Mature earlier, stand drought better, yield more large
potatoes than at y other seed. Catalogue free.

ALF. A. WHITTING I ON, Marlon Station, Md.

I AAA AAA ASPARAGUS ROOTS — The
pUUUaUUU Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-page
Catalogue, it is FREE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOOKE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

LEAMING SEED CORN

100 bu. of this popular variety; grown and selected
by us for highest yield; guaranteed to have highest
germinating vitality. We are breeding this corn for
silage and protein contents: It is used bymaryof
our Ohio Farmers for silage, maturing earlier than
regular silage varieties A mammoth ylelder $2.00
per bu. f. o. b., tipped and shelled or in ear.

FL R. MATHIK, New Berlin, Staik Co., Ohio.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COUF.Y, Presque
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefuily selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots, US 1.50,
10 bu. lots, #1.40,25 bu. lots, #1.30.50 bu. lots,
#1.25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. 15. I5KOWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L.I., N.Y.

Ponliflnujor Soorf Choice Danish grown, Early Dwarf Br
OdUIIIIUWCI OGCUj furt, $1.50. Early Snowball, $2.00 oz.
B. E.GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, New York City

SEEDS

THEILMANN’S — The Seedmen— carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

IHH THEILMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

The kind that will please you. Yields bushels where other sorts yield only pecks..
It is the kind that pays to plant Change your seed corn and add 20 to 40 bushels
to the yield of your crop Our Pride 0/ Nishna (yellow) Iowa Silver Mine and Im¬
perial (white) will do it. Write for our big catalog telling about all farm, field
and garden seeds and giving new ideas and new methods on corn growing. It is
worth dollars to every farmer. It is free. Write for it. A postal will bring it.
Bitekio's Seed Hou$$, Boi 10, Shenandoah, la. The largest seed corn growers in the world.

NEW BLIGHT PROOF POTATO

A new seedling which we have named “HARRIS’ SNOWBALL” has proved absolutely
blight and rot proof. It yielded 324 bushels per acre by side of other varieties that amounted to
practically nothing on account of blight and rot. We offer this valuable new variety at a low
price. Write for our new Catalogue (free); it contains lots of good new things, including a
new OATS, which gave us 2,000 bushels from 19 acres.

JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, Coidwatcr, N, Y.

122

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18,

WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUL¬
TURAL SOCIETY MEETS.

Part II.

One of the most interesting, if not the
most practical of the addresses, was given
by Dr. L. H. Bailey, Dean of the College of
Agriculture, Cornell University, on “The
Progress of Fifty Tears."* lie first traced
the rise and progress of this Society, read
the original call for the meeting issued in
1855, signed by James Vick, Patrick Barry,
and others. The first meeting was held Feb¬
ruary 27, 1855. J. J. Thomas was elected
President. About 100 members were present,
from 23 counties. Among the subjects dis¬
cussed at the first meeting were fire blight
of pear trees, curcullo, grafting pear on
quince. It was decided that it was now safe
to venture into commercial fruit growing on
a large scale, 10 acres being recommended
as a maximum orchard. Since then have
come up the questions of tillage: cover crop;
tile drainage; handling Insects, and fungus
diseases; the study of cross-pol lenization of
plants; the use of Paris-green and Bordeaux
Mixture. All present commercial methods
have come into vogue since then ; the fruit
express; cold storage; the foreign markets.
Wine and cider were the only products 50
years ago. We now have our great canneries
and evaporators and grape Juice factories.
We also have the mail trade in seeds and
plants. Industrial education has come to
the front. The Michigan Agricultural Col¬
lege was the only one established before 1855.
All our experiment stations and institute
work, and the placing of a Secretary of Agri¬
culture in the Cabinet, are plans of late
years. In 1840 there were 12 horticultural
societies in the United States. Now there
are hundreds. Then there were just two
books on horticultural science, now 500. lie
referred to the educational work of the ex¬
periment station bulletins and the agricul¬
tural press.

Dr. Jordan's talk had to do with the na¬
ture of the work which is being prosecuted at
the experiment station, and its practical value
to fruit growers. The subject of his talk
was “The Experiment Station as a Horti¬
cultural Factor.” He said : “The grower of
fruits and vegetables can feel sure that if
the directions given by those in charge at the
experimental station are followed success is
sure to follow his efforts. The value of this
confidence can hardly be estimated. Growing
fruits has been reduced to a science, so that
if a grower makes up his mind to grow them
according to accepted plans, he cannot fail
to have good crops. While the experiment
station itself has not discovered all of the
pests which are known to growers, It has
pointed out the way for growers to defend
therpselves successfully against these pests
in a majority of instances, which is the most
practical part, of the work.” In the matter of
plant breeding and the discovery of new
kinds of fruit, Dr. Jordan stated that the
station does not do work of this kind simply
for the purpose of discovering new kinds of
fruit. “Commercialism can be relied upon
to discover plenty of varieties of fruits to
place on the market, and little attention is
paid to this part of the work. Plant breed¬
ing is therefore done only for purposes of
investigation, and only when it is required
for some other purpose. What little work
has been done in this line has proved suc¬
cessful.”

Dr. L. L. Van Slyke, the chemist at the
experiment station at Geneva, read a paper
on the “Composition and Use of Whale-oil
Soap in Relation to Spraying.” lie said :
“Analysis of many samples of whale-oil soap
showed it to be a very variable com¬
pound, the per cent of pure soap varying
from 15 to 60. Some samples contained much
free alkali, which would injure the foliage.
The only way to be sure of (he purity of the
product is to make it. The formula is : 23

pounds fish oil, five pounds caustic soda to
1% gallon of water. Dissolve caustic soua
in water, add fish oil gradually while warm,
and stir thoroughly. Made this way it will
cost about three cents per pound, and will
show a high percentage of soap, and a very
low percentage of free alkali.”

I’rof. Beach, of the Geneva Experiment Sta¬
tion, talked of “New York Apples.” He com¬
pared the present methods of apple-growing
and our varieties with those of fifty years
ago. The advance in varieties has not been
as marked as have been our methods of cul¬
ture. Most of our standard sorts to-day were
well known then. The Ben Davis, Wealthy,
and McIntosh and some few others have been
originated during the last half-century.
There was a long and free discussion of var¬
ieties and their adaptation to different sec¬
tions of our State. From a commercial stand¬
point the three leading varieties for the whole
State seemed to lie Baldwin, It. I. Greening
and Spy. The King, Maiden Blush, Duchess,
Alexander and Sutton had many friends.
This was Prof. Beach’s last appearance before
this Society before lie goes to take up his
work at the Iowa Agricultural College. The
Society expressed in a fitting manner the
esteem which is felt for Prof. Beach, and the
loss which comes to the State, the Experiment
Station, and this Society by his removal to

another State. The Society adopted a resolu¬
tion requesting Governor Higgins to reappoint
Charles A. Wieting State Commissioner of
Agriculture. Some of the members objected
to this, on the ground that the Society should
refrain from influencing political appoint¬
ments. A discussion of the proposal to raise
the annual fee from .?1 to $2 was held. Some
of the members of the Society expressed them¬
selves strongly in favor of the increase, and
others favored it if it were thought that the
increase would not deter many from becom¬
ing members. There was a long discussion,
and between three or four of the members
it became quite spirited. The general opin¬
ion was that raising the fee, while it would
not affect those already members of the So¬
ciety and interested in it, would be a draw¬
back in getting new members. A rising vote
showed that the members strongly favored
keeping the fee at $1. Instead of raising the
annual membership fee, it was proposed that
tlie present members make a determined ef¬
fort to secure more. Many pledged them¬
selves to do this or to give an extra dollar,
and a few new members were added to the
roll immediately after the session closed.
The membership at the close of the meeting
this year, the secretary said, was 590, while
it was only 512 last. year. It is probable that
this number will be largely increased in the
next month or two through the efforts of the
members and the secretary.

The display of spraying implements was
very large. Nearly 20 gasoline engines were
shown in operation, beside many horse-power
and barrel pumps. The display of fruit was
good, the State Experiment Station and Ell-
wanger & Barry being the largest exhibitors.
Ellwanger & Barry had their usual fine dis¬
play of pears, grapes and apples; forty va¬
rieties of pears; thirty-eight of grapes, and
100 of apples. The Station showed ISO va¬
rieties of apples. The old officers and com¬
mittees were all re-elected.

E. C. GILLETT.

Air Supply for a Furnace.

M. M. M., Brush-ton, N. Y. — In using a
hot-air furnace is the proper place to take
the cold air from outside the house, or from
the living room? A firm is putting in hot¬
air furnaces here, and says the proper place
to take the air is from the inside of the
house. Would not the air be purer and bet¬
ter from the outside? I would like the opin¬
ion of the readers of The R. N.-Y. on the
question.

Ans. — Take the air from the outside.
It will give a better draft, and is purer.
One great advantage of a hot-air heater is
that it gives a supply of pure air from out¬
side. The steam and hot water heaters
keep the air “cooked.”

Geared Windmill for General Work.

J. H. R., Stuart's Draft, V a. — I want a
windmill pump to pump water out of a 75-
foot well, also want to saw wood and rip out
plank, as I am going to build a large house,
thinking it would help out the carpenters.
After building I thought 1 could use the
power for cutting feed. Can I get such a
windmill? What is the probable cost? Lo¬
cation is on a hill, over 200 feet elevation.

Ans. — In some locations where there is
a strong and steady breeze large geared
windmills are quite useful. They will
pump, saw wood and grind feed, although
of course their work is not steady. A bul¬
letin issued by the Wisconsin Experiment
Station at Madison will interest you.
While geared mills are still in use we
think’ the gasoline engines are taking their
place. We shall be glad to have experi¬
ence from readers.

A Massachusetts Hay Farmer. — My farm
of 100 acres is a good hay farm. I have one-
third of it in grass or hay; cut 80 tons now.
I am taking up a pasture, and when I get ii
seeded down it will cut 100 tons or more, if
fertilizers and chemicals will do what they
represent. I have used a great quantity of
cotton waste mixed with manure, so my land
is in good condition to try chemicals and
fertilizers. I used last year a formula that
I got from the experiment station at Am¬
herst, Mass., which was muriate of potash,
125 pounds; phosphate of slag, 400 pounds ;
nitrate of soda, from 200 to 300 pounds. I
used about 500 pounds per acre last year with
good results. Then I bought a mixed fer¬
tilizer and used the same per acre with good
results. I shall do the same thing another
Spring. I do not expect to compete with Mr.
Clark. h. s. n.

Fitchburg, Mass.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections and
Catalogue — Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,
New Canaan, Conn.

ter Apples, over
wants and get prices.

The Apple

is the mainstay in fruit, for all
raisers. Plant for the future.
Get right stock. Our trees
unapproached; Ben Davis,
Gano. Baldwin, Wine Sap,
etc. Summer, Fall and Win-
100 varieties. Tell us your

The Peach.

beautiful golden yellow, delicious.
Best for market, most prolific. All
the choice varieties. We propagate i n
the greatest peach climate of the
world. Trees always pleace. Ask for
free 10 06 catalogue of all fruits.

Harrison’s Nurseries,

Bo* 29, Berlin, Md.

We urge that great favor¬
ite, Elberta. Large,

WST MICHIGAN T/tFF.S

GRAPES mil CURRANTS

The fruiting is for many years. Get the best varieties.
Let me suggest McKinley Crapes and Red Cross Cur¬
rants. They are uniform heavy bearers of choicest fruits.
I furnish plants of my own growing, superb stock. Also
all the other leadiag varieties. Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬
berries sod the finest collection of field grown, 2 year old Roses ever
offered. Send for my new catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y,

WE OFFER A FINE STOCK

of the following trees and plants:

The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin.
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts,
) ’apershell Peca ns, Japan Chestnuts,
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue.

SUMMIT NURSERIES, Monticello, Florida.

R

UPRIGHT AND CLIMBING
i tn great variety. Full line of
l trees, flowers, fruits described
in our new catalog. Write for a
copy, then send us an order —
you’ll like what you buv of us.
GROVER NURSERY CO.,

71 Trust Bldg , Rochester. H.T.

CARDEN

PORCH

TRELLIS

Have Hundreds of Car Loads

of Fruit and Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs, Boses, Plants,
Bulbs, Seeds, choicest new
' and old. Mall size postpaid,
safe arrival and satisfaction
1 guaranteed, larger by ex¬
press or freight. The best are
cheapest. Try us. Elegant
168-page catalogue free. Send
for It and see what values we
give for your money. 51 years,
44 greenhouses, 1,000 acres.

TUE STORRS & HARRISON CO.,
BOX 225, PAINES VILLE. OUIO.

Mention
this
paper

EVERGREENS

.forest trees, nursery grown and hardy
everywhere. All sizes for all purposes,
at lowest prices. 50 bargain lots, all
first class, prepaid, |1 to 810 per 100.
Catalogue and bargain sheet free.

0. Hill, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal — Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New' York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurserie*,
Drawer 1044- I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established 1840.

are **l»rccl for bearing.’* That’s why wc
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also imsiires stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. Mo sell dlrrft at
whoIcBRle prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mich.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry* O

THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY

Originated at Ottawa, Can. , now on the market for
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the
hardiest, most productive, and best all-round berry
inexistence. The notes for 19U4 from Central Kx
peri mental Farm, Ottawa, are; “Very strong grower,
good crop, fruit large to very large, bright to deep
red. moderately firm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good
flavor, good to very good quality; promising from
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for
shipment. Yield from 12 plants, 6U baskets of fruit.”

For further information, writ*,

W. J. KERR, Nurseryman,

Kenfrew, Ontario, Can.

GRAPE VINES

CnrranU, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2o stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T, S, HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

:, Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general lino of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 1905 Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga. Tennessee.

rTWO IH8LLIORH

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees,
Elberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬
day. It’s sure to save you money.

J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md.

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie¬
ties, new and old
A 1* V U K T K K E S ,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREES nr* scarce,'
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown. N. J.

80 VARIETIES

best NEW and
Standard Straw'by.
ltas’by, Grape and
Blk’by plants. Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, ami
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. U. WESTON & CO.

K.F. 1). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

1.000 a nfl lin. t.nlncr

50 varieties

at #1 per

1,000 and up. Catalog Free.

R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Midi.

1,000,000 CLIMAX

and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to
for price list and description.

JOHN W. GREEN, Bridgeville, Del.

JK FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri-
’ bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Strawberry Plants

We have been growing and selling plants in this
town 33 years, and are now offering 92 varieties
which are describ'‘d in our 1905 catalogue. Our
plants were never finer. You will also get other in¬
formation that is not obtainable elsewhere — a dis¬
cussion of “The Pedigree Question” by 20
experienced growers, pro and con. ~Send postal for it.
M CRAWFORD CO., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

25,000 LOGANBERRIES ing fruit; entirely new

and novel. Fine catalog. W. N. Scarlf, New Carlisle, tt

DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY CROP

No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog— lifetime experi¬
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries,
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. J. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN.

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID. and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,

true to name and F uinigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in Quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 1 0, Geneva. N. Y.

BARTLETT— SECKEL—BOSC-

Bred from selected bear-

_ _ _ lng parents. The three

greatest, high quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no
better pears than these, Our Tree Breeder (Free) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and
recommends safe kinds only. We offer you SAFETY', and “ You can rest vour minds at ease, in planting
the ROGERS TREES.”

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. Asparagus Roots and Seed
Potatoes In assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata-
ogue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE wl.l save yot

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries.

you money. MYER & SON, Bridge ville, Del.

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and cau give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

123

CHEAP PROTECTION FROM FROST.

One day during the severe Winter of
1903-4, a farmer happened to be in a tin-
shop, and noticed that the solder was kept
in a molten state with a charcoal fire. His
potato cellar was threatened with frost,
and it was not convenient to set up a
stove in it. He took home five bushels
of charcoal, and placing a shovelful of
live coals in an old iron pot, he filled
it with charcoal. In a short time the
kettle was intensely alive with coals, and
the iron was red hot. What a heat came
from it, and no smoke ! Frost had to
stand back when confronted with a red¬
faced, hot-breathed tiling like that. Each
bushel of charcoal thus used saved many
times its bulk of potatoes. I have seen
open fires of dry pine kindled on a cellar
bottom, but the soot-laden smoke will
penetrate nearly every part of the house.

Steuben Co., N. Y. claric m. drake.

R. N.-Y. — Work on a great building in
this city was held up recently by the cold
and snow. A storm covered all the frame¬
work and walls with snow. A large
number of air pipes or hose were fitted and
warm air was blown through them at high
pressure. In this way workmen cleared
the walls by blowing the snow into the
cellar. There great fires were built which
melted the snow and the water was
pumped out to run away through the sew¬
ers. When the walls were cleared it was
still too cold to lay bricks. Screens were
provided for workmen, and each man was
given a small charcoal stove which kept
his mortar warm and enabled him to keep
at work through the cold weather.

CO-OPERATIVE FARMING.

In talking with a young man of my ac¬
quaintance recently he proposed a scheme
which I have never heard of before, and
asked my opinion. The scheme is for
five men to purchase and stock a farm of
from 1,000 to 1,500 acres, and then each
of them to take a department under bis
control, and push it to its best limits, one
man to take the dairy, make all the butter
from the cream, and have a general over¬
sight of the cows ; another to have charge
of all the stock, cows, horses, swine, sheep
and poultry; another pay particular atten¬
tion to fruit growing; another to have
charge of the farm and garden, its crops,
etc. The fifth to be the general manager
and salesman, also to look after the buy¬
ing of supplies. The question was asked,
“Would it pay?” Starting with 50 cows,
six horses, 10 brood sows, 50 hens, and
20 sheep, the cost of equipping such a
place would be approximately $7,000, in¬
cluding implements necessary to carry on,
but excepting the land, which would vary
according to the locality. This scheme, of
course, would necessitate the hiring of
considerable help, and it was proposed to
have all the necessary buildings centrally
located, with such houses as would be
sufficient for the owners and help in the
central group, and all connected with tele¬
phones. Could this be done with $15,000,
and do you think it a feasible plan?

Massachusetts. a. b. c.

R. N.-Y. — We shall be glad to have
opinion or experience regarding this prop¬
osition. _

DEER IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT .

A family of deer — buck, doe and fawn —
have been living here in Willington all
Winter. This morning, January 5, one
came down the road, walked slowly past
my house, then turned and walked back up
the road. The doe and fawn have been
up on the hill, where the village is, several
times, digging fro7.cn turnips out of the
garden of the postmistress. C. T. Pres¬
ton threw out some hay from his barn
window, and the deer came and ate it
the same as domestic animals. I saw the
buck in the lot back of my henhouses; he
is a big fellow; I should think he would
weigh 400 pounds. I thought that family
was all there were about here, but a few
days ago Mr. Whitford and his daughter
drove past, and on the lot next north of
my house there were four bucks, playing
like young steers, locking horns, etc., Mr.

Whitford sat in his sleigh and watched
them about 10 minutes. The big buck let
me walk up to within eight or 10 rods
of him, looking right at me all the time,
before he trotted off. Early in the Win¬
ter my granddaughter was riding our
horse Ben up and down the road for
pleasure when she saw three deer; she laid
down on the horse’s neck and got within
three rods of them before they started
off. She put in chase of them, but they
went over fences and walls where she
didn't dare follow. Whether they will
do any damage to corn and other crops
this Summer remains to be seen. The
Connecticut law does not allow them to
be killed. geo. a. cosgrove.

BUILDING A FIREPLACE.

Fig. 54, a section of chimney and fire¬
place, shows how the fire brick should be
set to make a narrow throat toward the
front of the fireplace. This throat or
opening should extend across the entire
width of the fireplace from side to side,

but should be quite narrow; not more than
two or three inches wide. This has the
effect of making a strong draft at the
front and will not allow any smoke to get
past it. If the whole size of the flue is
left open some of the smoke is almost
sure to roll out, as the flue gets enough
draft without making a very strong pull
at any one place. The effect of narrowing
the opening into a flue has the same effect
as using a nozzle on a hose; it gives more
force where it is wanted. In a flue a cer¬
tain amount of air is continually rising; by
narrowing the opening a strong draft is
caused through the opening. This sketch
also shows the way the sand box is sup¬
ported under the brick hearth. The sand
box is supported by pieces of 2 x 6 spiked
to a joist and let into the chimney. I he
hollow foundation of chimney is. used as a
storage place for ashes. This is a great
convenience, as the fireplace may be
cleaned in a moment by moving the iron
plate and sweeping the ashes into the hole.
The clean-out door at the bottom is large
enough so that a common shovel is used to
get the ashes out. A fireplace should have
a flue in the chimney separate from that

used for furnace or stoves. An inside
chimney, that is. one built in the middle
of the "house, always has a better draft
than one built into the outside wall, as it
is kept warmer. An outside chimney often
does not draw well when fire is first start¬
ed, but does better after it becomes warm.

Fig. 53 is a rough free-hand drawing
showing how the fireplace in our house
looks from the front. The inside is lined
with fire brick set in fire clay mortar. 1 he
other brickwork is of gray pressed brick.
The arch is almost straight and rests upon
two pieces of channel iron which are let
into the wall on each side. The andirons
and crane are the handiwork of an old
blacksmith who worked for me at the
time the house was finished.

Minnesota. J. m. drew.

A Saving

OF

We Can Save
Money
for You

If you contemplate the purchase of a car¬
riage or buggy of any kind it will pay you
to send for our free catalogue and learn the
advantage of purchasing direct from the fac¬
tory.

Our plan of selling by mail not only saves
the buyer one-third in price but gives better
satisfaction as to quality, and broader scope
for choice.

We make and ship carriages and harness
to every State in the Union and have thou¬
sands of testimonials from customers who
have saved money.

We are the only house in the State of
Ohio selling direct to the customer who
actually manufacture the vehicles and har¬
ness they offer for sale.

Whatever your needs in the carriage or
harness line we can save you fully one-third
on any purchase, whether it be a carriage,
surrey, road wagon or harness.

Our Money Back
Offer

If you select a carriage or harness from our
descriptive catalogue and are dissatisfied with
your purchase we will refund the money and pay
freight charges both ways. Secure our large
illustrated catalogue for complete information.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Columbus, Ohio.

32 YEARS SEELING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬
ing to consumers exclusively.

Wc Have No Agents

but ship anywhere for ex¬
amination and approval,
guaranteeing safe deliv¬
ery. You are out noth¬
ing ifnot satisfied as to
style, quality and
price. We make 200
styles of vehicles and
65 styles of harness.

Oar large Catalogue is
FREE. Send (or it.

No. 629 '/

y on bike

"rubber tires. Price complete $70.
As good as sells for $30 more.

No. 304T4. Canopy Top Surrey. Price com¬
plete $'83. As good as sells for $30 more.

Elkhart Carriage (XL Harness Mf$£. Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

Make Your Old Buggy Over New

You can do it quickly and at small expense with our

Cleveland Buggy Top

MADE TO ORDER— SOLD ON 30 DAYS TRIAL

We make all kinds of tops to measure and sell them direct
to user at factory prices, shipping by express, prepaying all
express charges, and allowing 30 days free trial on tops.

Your money back if you wunt it at the end of the free trial period.

FDCC DflklT With the top wo send free enough high-grade
rflCX l Mill I carriage finishing paint - or two colore— to
paint your entire buggy. This paint is tree with the top. If you re¬
turn the buggy top after t he free trial, we make you a present of the
paint without any cost to you. Isn’t that fair?

We manufacture and sell direct to user all kinds of buggy supplies
and repairs, including our famous Cleveland Storm Front whicn is
the finest storm front ever made. Our free booklet tells all about our
tops, buggy supplies and storm front, together with giving full par¬
ticulars os to measurements, prices and free paint offer. You should
get this booklet at once. You will be surprised to know how cheaply and how well you can refinish your

UNITED FACTORIES CO. Dept. 46. Cleveland, 0.

BIG INTEREST ON MONEY

An investment in a good farm wagon, one that embodies the greatest labor-sav¬
ing, time-saving ana lastlDg qualities, brings bigger interest on the investment
than any other piece of farm equipment.

THE FARMERS’ HANDY WAGON

made with wood or iron wheels, proves the wisdom of its purchase with every
turn of its wheels. It fits every farm purpose, fills every wagon need and out¬
wears any other made. Ask your dealer or send to us for the opinion of thousands
of farmers; also for the booklet “Thinkful Thoughts for Thoughtful Thinkers."

Farmers Handy Watfon Co.. Satfinaw, Mich.

Our latest pattern
i’ltless Scale.

(Patents Pending.-,

You Can Save From $30 to 8550

...BY BUYING OCR...

“KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

a-. This Scale is complete when it leaves our factory, with
™ the exception of floor planks. Write for free catalogue.

^ . . . . National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

BRANCH, DAYTON, OHIO. Bee Exhibit Pure Bred Live Stock Record Bldg., Chicago.

s

DeLOAOH rAT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
h Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
L Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

124

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February IS,

A, A A. ^

Ruralisms ;

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Pierson’s New Fern. — The widely pop¬
ular Boston fern, itself a superior horti¬
cultural variety of the wild tropical
Sword fern, Nephrolepis exaltata, has
lately produced in the hands of various
growers several fine sports, differing in
vigor and habit, but all having exquis¬
itely fringed or crested pinnae, giving the
fronds an attractive plume-like or feath¬
ery character. One of the best of these
dainty newcomers was recently distrib¬
uted by the F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown,
N. Y., under the name of Pierson fern.
It has become useful and popular, many
magnificent specimens having been grown
for exhibition and home decoration. The
Pierson Co. have been nursing a greatly
improved offshoot of this late novelty,
to be called the Tarrytown fern, and
now offer it for general trial. The new¬
comer marks as great an advance in util¬
ity and elegance over its parent, the
Pierson fern, as that lovely variety does
the Boston fern. It is very dwarf and
compact ; the fronds are double the width
but only half as long as those of the
parent. The fringed pinnae also lie at a
different angle, and are divided in a far
more elaborate manner. The reduced
height and finished aspect of the plant
will likely make it available in places
where taller ferns cannot well be used.
We are told the Tarrytown fern has the
vigor, in addition to its extreme beauty,
quickly to make superb specimens under
fair treatment.

The Wealthy Apple for Australia.
— Several apples of American origin have
gained popularity in Australia ; Jonathan,
Yellow Newtown and Northern Spy are
popular and freely planted. The last is
liked for its fine fruit as well as for its
usefulness in forming stocks, resistant
whyn low set so that it gets on its own
roots to the Woolly aphis or “American
blight,” for top-grafting other varieties.
We notice a recommendation in one of
our antipodean horticultural exchanges
to test Wealthy as an early-ripening and
long-keeping variety of fine appearance
and good quality. Wealthy apples, grown
in Vancouver, British America, have been
carried to Melbourne without cold stor¬
age, exposed to the high temperature of
the tropical Pacific Ocean for over two
weeks, and arrived in perfect condition.
It brings best prices abroad when ex¬
ported, and bids fair to become of inter¬
national importance if it grows as well
in other countries as in the Northern
and Eastern States generally. Wealthy
was developed after years of discourag¬
ing failure, by Peter M. Gideon, a Minne¬
sota pioneer in the search for an apple
hardy enough to withstand the pecu¬
liarly trying climate of the northern prai¬
ries; it has become a valuable culinary
and market sort wherever planted, and
is often good enough in quality to rank
with dessert kinds. Mr. Gideon con¬
stantly planted trees, and each year grew
1,000 or more apple seedlings, yet at
the end of nine years’ disappointing trials
had left only one seedling crab, the cold
Winters killing all the others. With
commendable persistence, he procured
seeds of hardy apples from Maine, and
finally raised from seeds of the Cherry
crab the hardy and valuable variety since
known as Wealthy. It is not alone a
money-maker for the North, where it is
an early Winter apple, but as far south
as lower New Jersey, where it ripens in
September, and readily sells on account of
its fine red and yellow color and lively,
pleasant quality.

The New Tufted Pansies. — The pansy
is such a prime favorite in America on
account of its ease of culture and the
great size, profusion and richness of its
vari-colored blooms that the hardier,
sweet-scented tufted pansies, or violet-

pansy hybrids, now popular in Europe,
are rarely grown. Though the flowers are
smaller and less gorgeous than those of
the newer pansies, they have a quiet
beauty and delicate fragrance that ap¬
peal to the discriminating. The plants
spread at the root more than ordinary
pansies, forming broad tufts, and making
great masses of bloom during the Sum¬
mer, if planted in a cool, shady place.
Fig. 47, first page, shows the flowers less
than natural size. There is great diver¬
sity in coloring, but white, yellow and
purple predominate. The blue and vio¬
let shades are purer in tone than those
found among pansies proper. The lighter
colored varieties usually have the most
pronounced fragrance, though the dark¬
est ones are not without pleasing odor.
Seeds are not plentiful in this country,
but a few dealers offer them at 10 to 25
cents a packet. They should be sown
early in Spring, and the plants treated
like ordinary pansies, except that a moist
and rather shady situation favors contin¬
uous Summer bloom. Pansies are es¬
sentially Spring flowers and need plenty
of sun. They usually cease blooming in
the heat of Summer, no matter how
placed. The admixture of violet blood
in the tufted pansies makes the plants
more floriferous and resistant to heat as
well as cold. They were produced sev¬
eral years ago by an enthusiastic amateur
gardener in Scotland, and have since been
carefully bred and much improved. Choice
varieties may be increased by cuttings
or division of the clump, but come so
nearly true from seeds that it is scarcely
worth while. Plants allowed to bloom
too freely do not always endure the Win¬
ter, but are likely to be reproduced the
nekt season from self-sown seeds. Slight
protection and shade from Winter sun
will usually bring young plants through
in good condition. We have had Mourn¬
ing Cloak, a handsome variety, purple-
violet, margined with white, reproduce
itself two years in succession with only
trifling care in thinning and weeding
the little volunteer seedlings. The soil
should be made deep and rich at first
planting, and water applied during unus¬
ually dry weather. These charming
plants well repay considerate attention.

w. v. F.

The Fadeless Flower. — In an editorial
note, page 928, reference is made to a news¬
paper report that Mr. Burbank had produced
a flower which, when cut, neither fades or
loses its odor. If this is so, I wonder
whether the wizard has succeeded in im¬
planting a permanent perfume in the old-
fashioned showy Xeranthemum, or everlast¬
ing flower, of our childhood ! In these days
of white blackberries, seedless apples, core¬
less pears, etc., it seems hardly safe to say
“It can’t be done !” j. y. p.

Young Wife: “My husband savs these
are cold storage eggs.” Honest Grocer:
“Your husband ought to know, ma’am,
that the hens don’t lay any other kind
in Winter.” — Chicago Tribune.

A Little Money

brings big face comfort
and makes shaving easy,
if invested in the famous

WILLIAMS’ lOTS

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

THE PERFECTION SPRAYER

combines hand and horse power, and has both cart
and barrel. It’s simple, reliable, practical and dura¬
ble. Sprays everything; trees, potatoes, vines Cata¬
logue, telling howto spray, and containing valuable
formulas, FREE.

THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N J.

I/)

h

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in

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PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

4 per cent

There are excellent reasons why
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on savings deposits.

We can make these reasons plain to
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Be Sure of Your Bank

48,000 depositors.

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Dollar deposits welcome.

Booklet H and information about Banking
by Mail sent free on request.

Zhc

Clevelanb
{Trust Company

CLEVELAND OHIO

SPRAYING

FRUIT TREES

ii no longer an experiment,
but a necessity. Prevents
wormy fruit by destroy¬
ing rfll insect pests
and fungus diseases.
Every farmer, gar-
dener.f rui t or flower
grower should write
or my free cata-

ing a full treatise or
spraying fruit and vege
table crops, and mncl
valuable information.

WM. STAHL, Box 70 L Quincy, Ill

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S.Dept. of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertilizer as well as an In 8 act 1-
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4 50; half barrel,
870 lb., per 1 b ; bar rel,425 1 b . , 3 j^c. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

U Vn DA TCIl I lUC For mixing with kerosene
niUnAICU LIIYIL andwaterto kill the San
Jose Scale. Spray the trees and roses on lawn. In
garden or field. Cleans the trees and bushes. Ef¬
fective, sure death to scale Save the trees. Cata¬
logue Free

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

HOWTO RID YOUR ORCHARD
OF

SAN JOSE SCALE

PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

CONCENTRATED LIME-SULPHUR WASH

Dilute One Gallon of “ CONSOL ” with
Forty Gallons of Water. No Cook¬
ing. No Wasting of Material.

See IKON -CLAD GUARANTEE
in Our Booklets.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE
DISTRIBUTING CO.,

Martinsburg, West Virginia.

to the farmer who under¬
stands how to feed his
crops. Fertilizers for Corn
/a® must contain at least 7

per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our books — they
tell why Potash is as necessary
to plant life as sun and rain;
sent free, if you ask. Write
to-dav.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street. New York.

g5 <5S<

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

Is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
Into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully Illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

Mustard Killed

The proof is positive that
mustard can be killed in
a crop of growing grain
without any injury to
the grain.

The Spramotor

does the work and the
improvement in the crop
will more than repay the almost trifling expense
Write for booklet “D”. Full particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO., Buffalo, N.Y., London, Canada.

AGENTS WANTED.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
compreBBcs air to Bpray *4 acre. We manu¬
facture the largest lino In America of high
grade hand and power sprayers. Catalog free.
Write ub if you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.,

268 State St., Rochester, N< Y.

1

T

EMPIRE
KINGS

r or GARFIELD KNAPSACK

PERFECT AGITATORS.No scorching foliage.
I No leather nor rubber valves. All styles of Spray
Pumps. Valuable book of instructions free.

| FIELD FORCE PIMP CO., 8 11th St., Elmira, N. Y.

— THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze ball
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pump right or left hand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprayer combined.
We make 20 Bty les spray era. W rite for Catalog.

THE DEMING CO., Salem, O.

Henion & Hubbell, West’n Agta., Chicago.

n ADCS 1725

in spare time and home coun¬
ty. You may do as well.

Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

with now spring shut-off. Catch a
good thing quick. Write for free
sample plan and full particulars

Rochester Spray Pump Co., 16 East Are. .Rochester, N.Y.

RCHARD PROFIT

0 depends upon working all the
fruit into a salable
cider for i nstance. If

¥ureit sells readily at a profit,
he best is produced by &

HYDRAULIC Tr'ss

Made in varying sizes, hand
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS
38 Cortlandt St., New

EH0DES DOUBLE OUT

PEUNLNO SHEAB

Cuts from
both sides of
limb and does
not bruise
the bark.

We pay Ex¬
press charges
on all orders.

Write for
circular and
prices.

423 West Bridge St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

PAT.

RHODES MFC. CO.

1905.

125

Hope Farm Notes

Cold Weather. — At Hope Farm the mer¬
cury has taken a great liking for zero. It
has been hard to pull them apart. Every
year we think the cold about as bad as any¬
thing we have ever known, although I doubt
if it is really any worse. However, from the
smallest cat up to Emma, we have had all
the zero weather we want for this year. I
am afraid though we haven’t had all that is
coming to us ! Not much that can be done
outdoors this weather. There are some in¬
door jolts that can be done. In one of the
old barns is a big grain bin of matched lum¬
ber. A former owner fed horses here, and
built this great bin in an upper story. It is
of no use to me, so we have taken it apart
and find nearly enough lumber to build a
small room in the shop. This room will be
handy for some of the boys next Summer.
With the grain bin out we find a good-sized
loft under the barn roof. We have had hay
in there, but it is a hard place to pitch hay,
and I shall put no more up there. It looks
to me like an ideal place for squabs. We
have quite a flock of pigeons that make their
home in the barn and fly about. Why cannot
we start with these birds, get some improved
stock and try squab raising on a small scale?
If I had some one to take the job and stay by
it I would feel inclined to give it a trial.
Personally, I don’t know anything about it,
but I can understand that unless it is man¬
aged properly the whole thing will become a
nuisance. ... I am beginning to feel un¬
comfortable about the peach buds. I don't
like this long-continued cold. I have not been
aide to get to the hill orchards yet, for the
drifts make the hills impassable. I hope for
the best, and if the buds are really killed
I shall simply defer hope and plant some more
trees. . . . The hens don't like the cold

weather, yet they still give the eggs. I would
blame no hen for taking a vacation at zero
time.

Florida Notes. — -No use talking, the freeze
hit Florida a hard lick. In Putnam County,
where our folks are staying, the mercury fell
to 18 degrees or less. There was scant warning,
too. Uncle Ed had left part of his crop on the
trees, lie was on the retired list with a big
carbuncle on his neck when word came that
the temperature would drop to 15 degrees by
night! Florida people know what that
means, and men, women and children rushed
out to pick and save the fruit. It was as
though a messenger had rushed through the
country a century ago with news that the sav¬
ages were coming. The Madame sent one of
the little boys to bring Charlie and his man
from the farm where they were at work.
Charlie says they made the record of a life¬
time in covering the two miles or less. They
rushed in to help pick, but in an hour the
freeze was upon them, so rapidly did it fol¬
low the warning — or so slow did the warning
spread ! Uncle Ed got a shawl around his
neck and shoulders and went out to help, but
he could not lift a hand or bend a neck ! He
could only walk about and give directions —
and watch Jack Frost gobble up the result of
long years of hard work ! The Madame and
the children picked a few boxes before night
fell upon them. In spite of all they could do
many boxes of fruit were frozen. The freeze
fell upon them like a savage and cruel beast,
and left a trail of despair behind. I wish 1
could have been there to help save some ot
that fruit, but I am rather glad I could not
see the people go around like those in a dream
among the ruins of their crops! It will not
be possible for me to make an apple or peach
grower in the North understand what it means
to a Florida farmer when the orange grove is
frozen. Not only Is his money crop gone, but
the value of his property is cut in two, if not
wiped out. For my part, if I wanted a M ir
ter home I would buy it now, while property
has a black eye. I would get it cheap, and
paint out the black eye with other crops be¬
sides oranges. It can and will be done. As
I write it is not known whether the trees are
killed or not. I hope not, but we shall see
about that later. Our potatoes were not
planted, so we escaped. I am still receiving
letters from people who ask if I can guaran¬
tee a sure thing in Florida. The Madame
says she was reliably informed recently that
■'mere are only two things sure in Florida
— death and taxes.” With some little modifi¬
cations that could be said of other localities
as well ! The children, though, seem to be
perfectly happy in the South. Even the re¬
ports I give of big drifts, skating and coast¬
ing do not tempt them !

Orass Questions. — I have the following
questions from a western man :

”1 have about 40 acres of good meadow,
cutting a fair crop. A part was cut a 'second
time for past two years. A part, perhaps 20
acres, went into Winter with quite a heavy
growth of grass, not pastured off. I would
like to know how it would do to burn this
off in the very early Spring, just as soon as
it would be dry enough to burn. It is Tim¬
othy and Red-top. I use about seven tons of
best commercial fertilizer in Spring. A part
of same field was burned over by accident last
year, and was not injured in the least, so
far as I could see.”

You will do no harm to burn this trash
off early. I formerly did this every year until

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

I learned better. What advantage can you
gain, by burning thia grass off? I always let jt
alone. I answered in about this Way by mail
and my friend replied :

"You ask what advantage could I possibly
obtain by burning off the grass? It is this:
Where the old dead grass is at all heavy it is
hard to cut, and ‘worse than no good’ in the
new hay. In fact, it is a nuisance. For this
reason, and this alone, I would have it out
of the way.”

That is a good illustration of the difference
made by localities and purpose. Our friend
calls this old grass a nuisance. MTth me it
is a help. Our soil is hard and stony,
liable to bake in time of drought. The
old grass acts like a mulch on the
surface, keeps the soil cooler and moist,
and, I am sure, gives us better grass. It
pays us to raise the cutter bar higher and
leave the old grass. Again, we do not care
so much for the hay. Young orchards are
growing in our grass. These need all the
mulch and organic matter we can get for
them. It would be close to a sin to burn any
of such stuff on our farm. Yet I can see the
strength of our friend's argument from his
view. It only shows how foolish it is for
any man to lay down any general rules from
his individual practice.

Drains and Kitchen Help. — A Pennsyl¬
vania friend brings up a couple of old ones
in this:

“My wife says ‘no wonder Ida left Hope
Farm if she had to save all of the dishwater
for the pigs and be so careful of the drain.’ ”

I must tell newer readers that Ida was a
girl from Finland, who did our work for
awhile. The drain from our kitchen is not a
large affair, s.nce it is hard to get good drain¬
age. I have claimed that such drains should
not be overworked — a merciful housekeeper
is merciful to the drain! I have also given
some figures to show how much gold is thrown
away in average dishwater. It was not the
pigs or the drain that took Ida away. She
liked the pigs, and the drain was better than
anything they had in her own home. Ida did
well until she met other Finnish girls who
had been in this country several years. They
gave her some “modern industrial ideas”
which turned her head. She also wanted to
go where she could hear her own language
spoken. If Ida were here now her opinion
of the Russians would be worth listening to,
even though you couldn’t understand a word
of it. I did not understand what race hatred
really means until Ida began to express her
views of the way Russia has treated Finland.
Of course I can understand that the Finns
and Poles at home do not dare to talk openly
in this way, but they are thinking hard all
the time. Russia may crowd them down for
a time, but not forever.

Mustard and Alfalfa. — Here is a question
from a Jerseyman. I cannot answer it from
experience. I can only give a few sugges¬
tions :

"I have about 10 acres of ground that I {
planted last year in western oats. Instead of
oats coming up I found a fine crop of mustard
— very heavy. I wish to destroy this mus¬
tard. Would I be successful in planting a
crop of corn there this year, carefully culti¬
vating the same? I want to plant about 20
acres this Spring in Alfalfa, and I desire full
directions. Of course this Alfalfa could not
be planted on the field that now has the mus¬
tard. Could I plant the Alfalfa in the Fall
alter the corn matures, and possibly the mus¬
tard had been killed? What kind of land
must I have for Alfalfa? I presume lowland
would not do. Is it better to plant it in the
Spring or Fall ?

Getting rid of mustard is a hot. job for any¬
body. M’hat did you do with it last year
when you found it? Did it go to seed? If
so, you have a big job on hand, for It has not
only seeded the soil of that field, but has scat¬
tered all over. As soon as you discovered the
mustard you should have given up the oats,
or cut them qarly and then plowed the whole
thing under, and given up all idea of growing
a crop that season. The field should have
been harrowed and harrowed and watched for
mustard. As fast as any appeared it should
have been destroyed. Had this been done
you could have planted corn this year, and
probably kept the mustard in check. As it
is you will have a great job to do it. Plant
the corn in hills and be prepared to do a large
amount of work with hoe and hand. “Care¬
fully cultivating” means several things, vary¬
ing with the notions of the man who culti¬
vates. As applied to mustard, it means get¬
ting every weed out and keeping it out. I
wouldn’t care for the job!

I am unable to give full directions for sow¬
ing Alfalfa. You surely will not sow Alfalfa
with mustard ! Kill the weed first. Before
you sow a seed of Alfalfa read the bulletins
from the New Jersey Experiment Station at
New Brunswick: Cornell Station, Ithaca, N.
Y., and the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
They tell me . .... Alfalfa should have a warm,
strong soil with odoii subsoil, but I have seen
it growing on tough clay. In my future at¬
tempts to grow it I shall sow in August, prob¬
ably after a crop of oats. I shall lime the
soil and work it as fine as possible, using a
fair dressing of fertilizer. I shall sow the
Alfalfa alone, using 20 pounds of seed per
acre, urushing it in. I shall inoculate the
soil, either using soil from an old Alfalfa field
to scatter over the new one or using the “cul¬
tures” from Washington. not on the seed, but
on good soil, to be scattered over the field.

I wouid decide that I cannot possibly be dis¬
couraged by failure before I start.

H. W. C.

You need not put up with the nuisance and bother
of ordinary lamps, merely because you are outside
the reach of gas and electricity. You can now haze
a light as good as the city man’s best. You can en¬
joy the convenience of gas or electricity, and have
a better, softer and pleasanter lightthan either for
less money than your smoky, troublesome lamp is
now costing you. No dangerous new-fangled lllu-
minant either, for

The Angle Lamp

burns common kerosene or coal oil, but it is con¬
structed on anew principle — a principle that makes
kerosene the best, cheapest and most satisfactory
of alt lighting methods. Safer and more reliable
than gasoline or acetylene. As convenient as gas
or electricity. It is lighted and extinguished like
gas. May be burned high or low without odor. No
smoke, no danger. Filled while lighted and without
moving. Requires filling but once or twice a week,
it floods a room with its beautiful, soft, mellow
light that has no equal. WRITE FOR OUR CATA-
LOGNN and our proposition for a

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL.

Do it now— right away. It will tell you more facts
about the How and Why of good light than you can
learn in a lifetime’s experience with poor methods.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO. 78-80 Murrty St., New York.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to fltany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy. III.

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build All Sizes and Kinds
CAL1IWKLL TANKS don't leak.
CAL11W KLL TOW KUS don’t LU1
down.

Get illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
Use

W. E CALDWELL CO

Louisville. Ky

stillleads allothers. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crass Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop¬
per for Crain. Sows 20 to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind tan not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTl, MICHIGAN.

Eureka ROW Potato Planter

with or without Fer¬
tilizer attachment.
We also make a

two row.

EUREKA
MOWER
Utica, N.

Easy for one
horse, with or
without pole
or thills. The
Planter is
O. K. Send
for catalog.

ACME

SIZES

3 to 13)4 feet

Agents
Wanteds

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast

iroa

Catalog and booklet.

“An Ideal Harrow” by

Henry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES) 1 lO W. Washington St., CHICAGO. 240-244 7th Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1316 W. 8th St.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 216 10th St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

l’LEASE MENTION THIS PARER.

2 Acres to One

It* Tr\r\lc enable yon to double your garden, yet lessen _

riallcl JT. vxaruen 1 DO IN youi work. Write to-day lor tt free copy of our finely
illustrated 1905 Planet Jr. Catalog— the best handbook of garden tools ever published. Fully
scribes entire Planet Jr. line, including seeders, wheel hoes, hand and walking cultivators, hai

1*

ng _ _ _ T _

one and two-horse riding cultivators,’ Bugar beet cultivators, etc

A rnmklno/l Qonrlor is almost unlimited in its usefulness. It
H L/OmDinea ocecier sowsin drills or hills, cultivates, marks,

de-^
harrows.

Simple, light, strong, durable,

. plows. Attachments changed instantly,
thoroughly dependable.

No. 12 Double Wheel Hoe

Is a wonder in hoeing, cultivating, plowing. Works to or from
plants, between or astride rows; furrows; ridges; killsy
weeds. Parts Instantly adjusted.

Be sure to get the catalog.

S. L. Allen& Co., Box 1 107V
Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 12
Double
Wheel
line

MOBILE GARDEN CULTIVATORS

Four Complete Implements From One Set of Parts

“Mobile’* cultivators embody a new principle — the SPRING- FRAME
acts us steering gear and reduces the jar on the arms. It cuts weeds
between plants as well as you can do it with thumb and linger.
Earth-treating tools may be set at any height or angle and shifted
perpendicularly or sidewise. Remove the tools, put on basket, box
or barrel, and you have a truck able to
carry several hundred pounds. Wheels
adjustable to any width ; change from
one wheel to two

Only Two Bolts and Four Spring
Keys to Shift

You can convert In a few moments a “Mobile” cultivator
into a plow, hoe, rake, weeder, harrow, truck or marker.

“Mobile” implements are far superior toothers without
costing any more. Illustrated Booklet FREE.

THE MOBILE GARDEN IMPLEMENT MFG. CO.

Box 124 _ Mt. Q-ilead, Ohio

Lou Dillon

THE ■ Tandem Garden

CULTIVATOR
A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time .‘aving garden tool ever invented. Built for more
. \ ®Peei* an^ better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width

If! \ between) in an Inst lit. No wrench needed. f-hallow, Medium or Deep Culti¬
vation obtained by simple movement of the foot. AVorks soil at an even
depth all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener cun afford
to be without one of our time savers, liuilt for the big gar¬
dener and the little gardener. Used for any garden crop.

Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalog and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

ScHaitol© Mnfg. Oo.

Dopartmoiit O

ELYRIA. - - OHIO

126

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February IS,

Live Stockand Dairy

STRENUOUS COWS-WITH A HIS-
'JORY.

The picture on page 115, Fig. 51,
shows a type of cattle raised here in
Fairfax Co., Va., along the Potomac.
A century and a half ago, away back in
Colonial times, the vessels that went over
to England from Alexandria (Belle
Haven) laden with tobacco from the plan¬
tations of George Washington — the Ma¬
sons, Alexanders, Fitzhughs and other
great planters of this section — came back
bringing cows, hogs, and other animals

and it goes to show that what Mr. White
said is true. Evidently that hen, on being
confined in the small coop, had begun to
absorb the eggs that were in process of
development. While she had to lay the
egg that was being shelled, she wouldn’t
have laid again for quite a while. So I
consider it a fact that “a hen doesn’t
have to lay if she doesn’t want to.” Con¬
sequently the necessity of keeping hens
comfortable, interested and happy, and
“in the humor” to lay is quite evident.

C.F.O. A. COSGROVE.

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cowb. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Sc on ra in
Calves. No. 5 Howto niakoyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Kobcrls, Cattle Specialist
431 Grand Avo.,Waukesha,Wls.

Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
Uowersox.R.3; Bradford, Dk.Co,0

POLAND CHINAS

Write and describe what you want, for I am in posi¬
tion to fill your order with up-to-date breeding;
order a Sow bred at once for Spring farrowing

JACOB B. MILLER. Bradford, Ohio.

Will grow into money quickly if well fed a

PAIR OF JERSEY
RED PIGS

A cheap way to start in the pig business.

Get free booklet

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestnwn, N. J.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

First Mid-Winter Offering!

20 Twenty Service Bulls 20

About, one year old sired by the great Mercedes
Jullp s Pietertje’s Paul, whose dam Mercedes Julip's
Pietertje was the I'.HIU world's champion butter
record cow, A R. O. 29 5 7 lbs. in seven days.

Also by Belle Korndyke Beryl Wayne, a son of
Belle Korndyke. A. R O. seven day record 25.12.3 Ids.
She also has produced three daughters with greater
combined official butter records than any other cow
in the world. These bulls are from official tested
dams, one with a t hree year old record of 21.67 lbs.
butter In seven days, official average per cent, of
fat 4.44 Circulars sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D.. Cortland. N Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If theseare the klad you want, write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanlc, N. J.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

for the colonists. Soon the cattle were
found to be able to take care of them¬
selves, being turned on the native grasses
and cane of the river and creek bottoms.
Thus as time went on in spite of scant
shelter, and often short pasture, they
throve and multiplied, holding well up to
this present day, showing plainly the les¬
son of the survival of the fittest. I think
some of these strenuous cows and hogs
with a history going back two hundred
years would be just the thing for our
Hope Farm man to turn in to those back
fields; for they could browse and root,
get their living with very little help,
while their owner in the meantime could
take his annual outing to the sunny banks
of the Suwannee River. b. r. s.

Washington, D. C.

COSGROVE'S HEN NOTES.

F. Q. White says, on page 30, “always
remember that a hen doesn’t have to lay
if she doesn’t want to.” Now, I have
frequently heard the remark, “If the eggs
are in ’em they have got to lay ’em.”
But that is not true, and Mr. White is
right, with this exception ; if the hen has
commenced to deposit shell on an egg,
that egg has got to he laid. I have often
moved a lot of hens from one coop to
another, and would get as many eggs
the next day as usual ; then a less num¬
ber each day for several days, and would
not get the usual number until the hens
had become wonted or familiar with their
new quarters. Mr. White breeds Leg¬
horns. and they are more nervous and
excitable than my White Wyandottes.

I have never noticed any difference in
the number of eggs when “company” has
been visiting the coops, while lie claims
that it always lessens the output of his
fowls.

Detective Work. — A short time ago I
noticed for three or four days in succes¬
sion an empty eggshell in a certain nest;
it had a hole in it not much larger than
my thumb nail, and the entire contents
were sucked out. As the egg was the
same size, color and shape each time, it
was evident that a hen was eating her
own eggs as fast as laid. As over 60
liens roost in that house, it was not such
an easy job to determine which hen it
was. So I set out to watch the nest ;
got an easy position under shelter, where
1 could see the nests, and with five hens
on 1 watched a half hour or so; those
five hens could see me, too, and not one
of them would lay or make a movement.
They all squatted as low as possible on
the nests and kept one eye constantly on
me. Then I gave it up, and went to ex¬
amining the beaks and neck feathers for
yolk of egg, with no success. Next day
another egg was eaten, and I found two
hens with beaks that were coated with
something that might be yolk, hut was so
dirty I couldn’t be sure. I shut them up,
and one laid and ate the egg, shell and
all, the second day. I killed both hens,
and haven’t lost any eggs that way since.
What I have related all this for is this:
On opening the hen that laid I found
that the yolks of the two eggs that would
have come next had begun to shrink,
did not fill the skin out round and plump,
as did the third-sized yolk. The differ¬
ence in appearance was very noticeable,

ARRANGEMENT OF HOGPENS.

Will some one who has a hogpen containing
four pens give a description of it?

Suffolk Co., N. Y. j. s. w.

The great difficulty in planning a hog-
house is to get it so that it will be dry
and clean. In this plan, 10 x 20 feet, I
have four sleeping — or nest — pens, and
four feed pens; close partitions between
them, except passageway between the
nest pen and the feed pen. Each feed

b

YARD

fs j£ST. ^

' JM

,N

' N

S x 6 Ft.

ALLEY

4-xzorr

and nest pen is to be 5 x 6 feet, and the
alleyway 4 x 20 feet. The building should
stand east and west, with pens on south |
side, and alley on north side, and have
a yard on south side as large as desir¬
able. I would make a double doorway at
two of the partitions, and make the doors
so they will close tight. As arranged,
the sows can make their nests in corners
away from doors, and the wind will not
blow on them when the doors are open. 1
The pens next to the alle}' can be used
to feed in, when the weather is had, and
when good, the feeding can be done in
lots outside. The more feeding done
inside, the more work required to keep
the house clean.

I would lay the floor with cement con¬
crete, making the alley floors level, hut
the pen floors I would slope from the
south wall towards the alley, about three
inches in the 12 feet. This will tend to
cause all water to flow towards the alley,
and keep the nests and feed stalls com¬
paratively dry. The bedding from the
nests, when soiled, can go into the lots
or alley, just as the feeder wishes, when
he cleans out the stalls. The yards ’

should be kept clean by throwing in
straw, or other coarse material. Over this
floor plan the builder can put such
building as suits him best; a shed in
form, the roof sloping one way, or a
comb roof. In either case, if he wishes,
a room for bedding and feed above the
pens. The building should he located on
an elevated point of ground, so the water
will flow away from it in all directions,
and the roof spouted, to keep water
from making it wet about the building.
Make doors at the ends of the alley. If
the doors are cut in half, it will often
be an advantage in airing out the pens.
There should also he plenty nf windows
on the south side, for sunshine is a very
important factor in the health and com¬
fort of swine. john m. jamison.

“I trust, Miss Tappit,” said the kindly
employer to his stenographer, “that you
have something in reserve for a rainy
day?” “Yes, sir,” answered the earnest
young woman, “I am going to marry a
man named Mackintosh.” — Credit Lost.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows, will breed them for Spring litters. All first-
class individuals

J. E. WATSON, Proprietor. Marbledale, Conn.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y,

uni CTFIN Rill 1 ? from 3 to 18 months old. A
llULOlLlli DULL0 few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right
CHARLES K. RECORD, Pcterboro, N V

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

rnn 0A| C -Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
lUn OnLL Calvesand Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsville, N. J.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock ouly. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.

JOHN B. MARCOU.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

■jw— 8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin.

service Boars, Bred sows.'. Write for
liQr prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; wo refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

LTOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. Scotch Collies, Spayed
** Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa.

Kentucky Jack Farm, Jk

A fine lotot Kentucky bred yWjfcflL
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks Young

stock for sale at all times w *

Write or see me before you W W* —

buy. Come to Kentucky if M Wro

you want a good jack. / a

JOE E WRIGHT,

Junction City , Kentucky. |W

WHITE STRINGS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 4 745.2 lbs of but¬
ter in one year. Aza lia of Florham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs of butter in one
year. etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals Registered and tuberculin-tested Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 3
first anti second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rural New YORKER in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to #1300, also several mature bulls

JACKS FOR SALE.

The tinest lot of JACKS and JENNETS 1 ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address.

BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Inti.

FIFTY MAMMOTH !L

jacks

Some nice jennets and saddle
stallions. Write for catalog and R

rnn CAI C — Two pure bred Guernsey males, 3
run OHLt an(j 9 nios old. great grandsons of
the famous Mary Marshall; Also Foxhound dogs and
pups.

MELVIN THOMAS, R F D„ No. 1, Wayville, N. Y.

come to see us before you buy -s J

J. E. COOK As CO., Union Stock Yards, Lex¬
ington, Kentucky.

guernsey Cattle — Two registered Guernsey Rulls.

one 2 yrs. old, other 2 mos. old. Extra individ¬
uals, backed by best of breeding. Write for prices
and pedigree. THE LINDHURST FARM, Bolivar, O.

tfWOv SQUABS PAY HSS

/ \ Easier, need attention only part of

\ 1' jl time, bring big prices. Raised in one
ff -v \ II month. Money-makers for poultry-

k men. farmers, women. Send for FREE

va BOOKLET and learn this rich home
\ / industry,. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB

- - CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

JERSEYS

Highest honors at World’s Fair, Chicago, and Pan
American, Buffalo, were won by us. Can furnish
young bulls of the very best breeding, and Splendid
Individuals, at reasonable prices.

BEECHLANDS FARM

East Aurora New York

\\/YANDOTTES.White, Ruff, Silver L andGold.
Yy LEGHORNS. Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCK8, Barred. Buff and White. Brahmas Cochins,
R.l. Reds, Minorcas and other breeds in Cockerels
und Hens. Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm, Carpenter, 0.

■ ■ Combination and

kUWIi V V f Golden Lad. For

U LmU I * * ■ sale 11 cows, 11 keif

■ ers and 23 bulls.

S . E . NIV1N, lANDENHE It G, 1’ A .

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE— Extra fine White W yandotte Cockerels
for breeding purposes. B. F’ Kean. Stanley, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE, ,

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY Bl LL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

PkUSTON’S W. Wyandottes, Blanchard’s W. Leg-
horns, 8. C. & B. P. Rocks. Eggs $1.25 per 15. Or¬
ders booked now for incubator eggs $0 per 100. HILL¬
TOP POULTRY FARM, Livingston Manor, N. Y.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling; Heifers,
bred right, raised ‘right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. Ft. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y.

n lioice Stock for Sale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns,
U Minorcas. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs’ sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

DELAWARE HERD

Aberdeen-Angus

Herd headed by prince Barbara, a son of the
Imported $9,100 Highland Champion Bull Prince Ito.
Ail leading families represented. Males and Females
for sale at business prices, that cannot be duplicated
anywhere in the East, some of them sired by such
noted bulls as Prince Ito and Elflock.

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., K. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. K. it. PUSEY, Princess Anne, J\ld.

Ppfl Pnllpfl Cattle— Young Bulls For Sale. For
I\CU rUIICU particulars address

DR. D. F. BAKER, 484 The Arcade, Cleveland, 0.

A A Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
U 1 1 Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Ratesfree J A. BERGEY. Box 8, Telford. Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hoe Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

porn PAH CfilJC —Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
DllCU rwll btlUOi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

O. I.C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin Prices low

FJ SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalla.N Y.

COR SALE— Thoroughbred Scotch Collie Cow dogs.

• WM. WILDGRUBE, No. Franklin. Del. Co. N. Y

mm FT it CO percheron and french
H LI 1 i|,/\ a Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
VlulUvJ Pups. E.S. AKIN. Auburn. N.Y,

■ ■ ■■» 1 I|r> F Q -Young Boars,

11 CL ^9 11 1 CL Op Sows and 3-month

Pigs of Individual merit and from t lie best families
K. 8. HILL, Freeville, N V

C00 Holstein-Friesian Bull $69

BERYL WAYNE’S SON No. 3, Born February 20, 1904,

Sired by Beryl Wayne’s Son. whose dam has au official record of 27% pounds, and his sire's two nearest
dams, official seven day butter records averaging over 24 poundseacb, This Bull is a tine one, ami is
certainly a rare bargain at the price we name. The first order at #(>9 takes him.

BROOKSIUK HEK1). The Stevens Brothers-Uastings Company, Laeoua, New » orlt.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

CREAM SEPARATOR AWARDS

ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION

After the most careful, complete and thorough investigation and consideration of every fact bearing on the subject ever undertaken
by the award authorities of any exposition, the St. Louis Exposition conferred every highest honor possible upon the

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS,

Their Inventors, and the Butter Exhibits Made From Them

The international examining jury of awards consisted of Major Henry E. Alvord, Chief of the Dairy Division, Department of Agricul¬
ture. Washington, 1). C. ; Prof. C. h. Doane, of the Maryland State Agricultural College; Monsieur Dupont, of 1 'ranee, and Mr. Neilson, of
Argentine, S. A., the recommendations of this jury being confirmed and approved by the Superior Jury, consisting of President Francis, Judge
W. F. Boyle, representing the National Commission; Dr. Theodor Lewald, Imperial German Commissioner; F. J. V. Skiff, Director of
Exhibits; Monsieur Gerrard, French Commissioner-General, and sixty other high international representatives.

The De Laval Separator Company was granted the GRAND PRIZE (very highest award) for CENTRIFUGAL CREAM SEP¬
ARATORS, covering all sizes, for Farm and Factory use.

In addition, in recognition of the original invention and the development of every important stage of advance in cream separator construc¬
tion, a second Grand 1 lize (very highest award) was granted to Dr. Gustaf de Laval, of Sweden, for the invention and later improvement
of the first practical cream separator; a Gold Medal (next highest award) to Baron Clemens von Bechtolsheim, of Germany, for the inven¬
tion of the “Alpha-Disc system embodied in the modern De Laval machines, and another Gold Medal to John Joseph Berrigan, of America,
for his invention of the “Split-Wing” distributing shaft, the latest and perfecting feature of the De Laval machines of to-day, — these three
awards marking the essential steps of development of the Centrifugal Cream Separator.

In the butter exhibits the Grand Prize (very highest award) was granted to J. C. Joslin, Winsted, Minn., on De Laval made butter,
while the five Gold Medal awards were granted to L. S. Edwards, Lamont. Iowa; W. B. Johnson, Arlington, Iowa; M. Sondergaard, Hutch¬
inson, Minn.; L. S. Baylor, Glenville, Minn., and S. \\ . Laird, Walker, Iowa, each and every one of them De Laval users.

Aside from these Exposition awards proper the National Buttermakers Association held its Annual Convention and International Butter
Contest in the Agricultural Building, in October, in connection with the Exposition, the Championship Cup being awarded to II. C. Hansen,
Smiths Mill, Minn.; the Gold Medal to L. S. Taylor, Glenville, Minn.; and the Silver Medal to F. L.Odell, Greenfield, Iowa. All of these, as
well as the winner of every State Silver Cup, being De I aval made exhibits, as were 473 out of a total of 493 butter entries in this great Con¬
test. Every single entry scoring higher than 95 was De Laval made.

False Competitive Claims

The advertised representations of a certain separator concern that the butter exhibits of two women users of its machines won the
Worlds Championship and the Sweepstakes at St. Louis are wholly and unqualifiedly false. I here were no such prizes or awards,
and the only awards these exhibitors did receive were Silver and Bronze or third and four class medals, respectively.

Equally false is the continually repeated claim of this concern of having made a “World's Skimming Record" at the Buffalo Exposition,
where its work was inferior in every way to that of the De Laval machines, the Gold Medal (highest award at Buffalo) for Cream Separators
having been granted to the De Laval Company, while the concern in question received a medal only on its combined exhibit of dairy apparatus.
Its course, along with other unscrupulous exhibitors, in afterward circulating a fake “duplication” of this medal, was doubtless one of the
reasons which led the U. S. Government to prescribe that any attempt to duplicate or pretend to duplicate a St. Louis Medal would constitute
counterfeiting and be punishable accordingly.

While the De Laval machines have invariably received the highest awards to Cream Separators at every International Exposition
since their invention twenty-five years ago, it is noteworthy that their triumph at St. Louis was even more complete and sweeping than ever
before.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO

Randolph and Canal Sts.

CHICAGO

1213 Filbert Street

PHILADELPHIA

9-11 Drumrn Street

SAN FRANCISCO

General Offices

74 Cortlaiidt Street
NEW YORK

121 Youville Square

MONTREAL

75-77 York Street

TORONTO

248 McDermot Avenue

WINNIPEG

128

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18,

CHEVIOTS FOR VIRGINIA.

Will you give further details as to Cheviot
sheep and their management? How would
they compare with Shropshires for this sec¬
tion? A. R. L.

Barboursville, Va.

The Cheviot sheep, being originally
from the Scotch hills are particularly
hardy, and better adapted to hustling for
their food over hilly pastures where the
feed is often not very abundant, than is
the more closely built Shropshire, that
has come from a section where food is
easily gathered. While I am an admirer
of the Shropshires, and have kept them
for many years with good success, I
know that in many instances they have
not given satisfaction; and without ques¬
tion the reason is that they have lacked
the English care, feed and shelter that
to a large degree they must have to do
their best. The Cheviots are excellent
shearers, and of a kind of wool that is
now much in demand. I do not know
the kind of soil or pasture A. R. L. has,
but if it is such as is ordinarily thought
suitable for sheep I would certainly ad¬
vise the Cheviot rather than Shropshires,
if he can secure good ewes for what he
can afford to pay.

The same rules as to management of
Cheviots will apply to all mutton breeds.
First, don’t turn out too soon in the
Spring; or if they have an early run, where
they can get green grass — frozen grass or
stubble is always an injury. Keep up the
feed of good fodder and some grain
until the grass gets its full strength.
Better to shear before the sheep go out
at all, if they can be well housed for a
time immediately after the fleece is taken
off. They will be less likely to take cold
than if it is done after they have suf¬
fered the extreme heat of their fleeces,
and then are left to lie out in the damp.
There will then be less loss of wool, from
its coming off and getting dirty. After
shearing dip sheep and lambs in any of
the carbolic petroleum dips. If the pas¬
ture is scanty a field of Dwarf Essex rape
to which they can run will help very
materially. Shelter from the cold Fall
rains in dry well-ventilated stables. Feed
good wholesome fodder, clover hay pre¬
ferred. Supplement with enough protein
feed — grain if necessary — to keep them
in good condition. Feed plenty of roots,
or silage. Let them have access at all
times to good clean water. These are
the essentials, but success will only come
with sheep, as well as anything else, by
attention and care, and looking after the
little details. e. van alstyne.

AILING ANIMALS .

Horse Out of Condition.

We have a hay horse 10 years old, which
since July has developed worms. Many reme¬
dies have been tried, but without success,
and the animal is thin and peaked, and has
little life. Tell me what lo do. for I cannot
afford to lose him. His feed is 12 quarts oats
per day, and hay, all raised on the place.

New York. l.

1 do not think the worms are causing
the trouble. I advise you to take your
horse to a competent veterinary, and have
him examine the molar teeth. If you will
then report this case again and name
the remedies you have used, and state
whether this horse has ever been sick, or
had azoturia or laminitis, I may be able
to give advice.

Cow with Mange.

Will you kindly tell me what ails my cow?
She has something that looks like mange,
breaks out in a fine rash and very soon the
hair falls out. The place is soon covered
with dry scabs. She has been milked for five
months; eats and drinks well. 1 feed hay,
cornstalks and 10 quarts of wheat bran and
ground corn mixed per day. s.

Dutchess Co., N. Y.

Cattle have four kinds of mange, and
from your description this cow has the
most common one. It is caused by a
parasite whiclt lives in the hair follicles,
and appears as stated. The little parasites
get from one animal to another, and
cause much trouble and annoyance, es¬
pecially on calves. With large animals
T have had good results with a mixture
of kerosene and lard, but it must be
remembered that the dry scabs must be all

removed every time, and the mixture
applied eveW third day. If this disease
gets on the young calves it may be nec¬
essary to dip them in some sheep scab
dip, such as tobacco water or kerosene
emulsion [Zenoleum is good. — Eds.]. Prep¬
arations of mercury or arsenic should
never be used, as they may cause poison¬
ing.

Lice on Colt.

How can I rid my young (six months) colt
of lice? It is a bad case, for he is completely
covered with them. The lice do not burrow in
the skin ; are only in the hair, but thick
there. m. r.

Lakeville, Conn.

There are a number of species that may
live on the horse, and I will give treat¬
ment that will apply to any one of them.
Go to the greenhouse or cigar shop and
get two pounds of tobacco stems; then
take a tin pail or a kettle with about
four or six quarts of rain water, place the
same on the stove and when the water
has come to a boil place one pound of
the tobacco stems in this water and let
boil five minutes; then take mixture from
the stove and cool. When cold wring
out the water from stems and throw
them away, and place the water in an¬
other pail. Then place two quarts more
of water in the pail and heat ; then add
about two ounces of common soap, cut
up fine. Let the water come to a boil,
add one pint of kerosene oil, and stir
well one minute. See it does not boil
over. Remove from the stove and add
this to the tobacco water and then add
sufficient water to make about 10 or
12 quarts of the mixture. With a pail
of good soapsuds wet the colt over from
the end of his ears to the end of his
tail, and then apply the pail of mixture in
the same way with a cloth or sponge.
With a flat stick scrape out all the water
from the hair that can be removed, and
then wipe the colt over with a cloth to
get the loose water from the hair. Cover
with a blanket and keep the little fel¬
low moving every few minutes until he
is dry, and an hour after; this application
will kill all the lice that are hatched, but
there is nothing that will kill the young
lice in the egg, and as these eggs will all
be hatched in a few days it is plain that
the colt will require the same application
on the ninth or tenth day following. The
second application is as important as the
first, and should not be overlooked or
neglected. If you cannot get the tobacco
stems the other mixture will do the work.

M. I). WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

when you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page IS.

GREAT SEPARATOR CONTEST

Held Dec. 17, 1903, at Minnesota Dairymen’s
Convention
_ ... Our Claim

We will place a Sharpies Tubular beside
I any other separator and guarantee the Tu¬
bular to cut in half any record for clean
skimming the other machine can make.
_. The Chaflenge

Three competitors, each beaten hundreds
of times singly, band together and enter a
contest against the
Sharpies Tubular. Pro¬
viding the “combine-
of-three” are allowed
to furnish the milk.

Providing the “com -
bine-of-three” dictate
temperature of milk.

Providing the “com-
bfrre-of-three” dictate
quantity of milk. Pro¬
viding the “combine-
of-three” run three ma¬
chines, and If any one
leaves less than double
the fat of the Sharpies
i Tubular they win. The
“combine-of-three” select cold, hard-skim-
‘ ming cows’ milk (62° to 70°) 2001bs. at a run.

The Result

Sharpies Tubular . .05

1 Alpha De Laval.. .175

United States . 125

,! Empire . 450

I The report was' signed by Robert Crick-

more, Creamery Mgr. j A. W. Trow, Pres.,
Minn. Dairymen’s Ass’n.; and E. J. Henry,
Babcock Tester Expert, the judges mutu¬
ally agreed upon. Write for complete re¬
port and catalog E-153.

THE SHARPLES CO. P. M. SHARP
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WEST CHEST

“The Combine J
of Three” ,

r

If you only knew how good,
now durable, how satisfactory

Paroid Roofing

really is ; if you only knew how easily it can be
put on and how long it lasts; if you only knew
what a good all-round roof it is, you would save
money by using it for every building on the place.
Weather proof, wear proof, contains no tar, slate color,
any one can lay it. Let us prove to you what the
genuine Paroid Hoofing will do.

Send for Free Sample

and book on “Building Economy.” It will save you
money. Don’t take a cheap imitation. Get the genuine-
the roof that lasts. A complete roofing
kit in every roll.

»F.W. bird & son.

East Walpole, Mass.

Monadnock Bldg.. Chicago.

7*.

Established 1817.

v ?» V. J~

r3*

on every sheep

you shear with

SAVE 20 CENTS PER SHEEP

Stewart’s Improved 1904 prjce
Sheep Shearing Machine 7c

The day of the old fashioned hand shears is past. No owner of V I ■ 1 , | J

_ . _ I PL ..

10 sheep or moro can afford to shear by hand, evon though the
work bo done for nothing. Don’t butcher your sheep. Shoar
with machine and get one pound of wool extra -per head. It will
more than cover the cost of shearing. Send today for valuable
book. "Hints on Shearing.” It is free and will save you money
CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO., 148 LaSalle Ave., Chicago.

2

The Coming
Unloader!

Louden

Hay Sling

The easiest and speediest means of unloading
hay, bound grains, forage crops. Can be |

used with any Hay Carrier. Raises

HALF A WAGON LOAD.

Cleans the rack and deposits flat in the mo w. Best
Line Hay Tools In tho World. Hay Carriers Hay
Forks, Steel Tracks and Switches, Hay Rack Fix¬
tures. Feed and Litter Carriers, etc. OurFloxiblo
Barn Dcor Hangers are the boston earth. Com¬
plete catalog of Hay Appliancos and Hardware
Specialties. Mailed Froo.

LOUDEN MACHINERY CO.. 39 Broadway. Fairfield. Iowa.

You Can’t Get All
Your Eggs
In One Basket

There is an old adage on the wisdom of not
putting ail of your eggs in one basket. Poul¬
try keepers who feed Dr. Hess Pan-a-ce-a
say that they couldn’t get all their eggs in
one basket if they tried.

Dr. Hess Poultry Pan a-ce-a surely does in¬
crease egg production In a remarkable degree
even in the coldest weather. This is because
itacts upon natural principles, con verting the
maximum proportion of the food eaten into
egg-making elements.

DR. HESS
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a

Is the guaranteed egg producer. It cures
diseases as nothing else can. Costs but a
penny a day for 30 to 60 fowls.

1J lbs. 25c. mail
or express 40c
5 lbs. 60c
12 lbs. #1.25
25 lb. pall #2.50.

Except In Canada
and extreme
Wffct and South.

Sold on a Written Guarantee

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48 page Poultry
Book. Free.

DR. HESS & CLARK. Ashland, Ohio.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice

WK have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers, Stockmen. Grange and Farmer's Clubs, and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every neighborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

mmm

determines the value of a spr . .

Beater, successful Rake and Hood distinguish I
the Standard from other spreaders. No varying
in width; no bar© spots. Spreads full width
4^3 feet. Rake holds all hunches until cut up.
Hood or wind shield over beater prevents manure
< blowing about. The Hood on the

STANDARD

Manure Spreader

also serves as an Endgate, preventing load pack¬
ing into lieater. Lifts easily, because moves
away from load; exclusively a Standard feat- |
ure. Ono lever raises endgate and puts entire
machine in operation. Automatic return of ap- i
ton. Positive feed. No racing of apron on hill¬
side or i nclines. Apron only or apron and l>eat-
er can be stopped. Six changes by lever— 5 to
35 loads per acre. Strongest wheels and frame.

1 Team close to load. Least complicated. Least
breakage. Write for catalog and learn why the .
Standard is the best investment. 1

THESTANDARD HARROW CO., Dept.K, Utica, N. Y.

Makers of Harrows, Cultivators,

Potato Harvesters, etc.

The Superior
Cream Separator

Gets ALL the Cream in 00 to 90 min-
utes. Simple, scientific, practical. Never
falls. 60,000 Farmers rise it. Does not mix
water with milk. Least trouble and ex¬
pense. Our Binding Guarantee assures
your satisfaction or money back. Write
today for particulars.

Superior Fence Machine Co.

309 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich.

CRE OF CORN!

"Corn Is King." Its wonderful possibilities practical- ■
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work;

] “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.” ‘

• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-
I struction and the process of filling, to which is added
! complete and reliable information regarding Silage and

I its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations,
being a Feeders’ and Dairymens' Guide.

I* I— Advantages of the Silo. IY— How to Make Silage.

II— Building the Silo. V— Feeding Silage,
j III— Silage Crops. VI — A Feeder’s Guide.

J 212 pages of plain, practical Information for
; practical men. Contains just the things
I you have wanted to know and oould not find else*
i where. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10
cents, stamps or coin.

^THE SILVER MFG.CO.

Salem, Ohio.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

12$

i9or>.

IN BLACK AND WHITE FROM WHITE
A Profitable Hen.

How would you breed, house, feed and care
for a hen of one of the best laying breeds, to
obtain the largest egg production at the most
profit? w. H. J.

This is rather a comprehensive ques¬
tion; in fact, it is the poultry business in
a nutshell, and could not be answered
completely in the columns of The R.
N.-Y. Breeding is well placed first, as
the best of care and feed will not show
much profit if the flock has been weak¬
ened by inbreeding or lack of feeding.
In selecting your breeding flock, look
first for vitality; get the active, vig¬
orous birds. Never breed from an un¬
dersized bird, because of fine color or
markings (this does not refer to breed¬
ing for show birds). The house must
be tight, dry, well ventilated, no drafts,
sunny, and warm ; in other words, com¬
fortable for the hen, and it should be
handy for the one who cares for them
so as to reduce the labor to the lowest
possible item. The feed should be mixed
grains scattered in plenty of litter morn¬
ing and night, and a hot mash at noon
composed of corn, wheat, oats and beef
scraps, with green bone and vegetables,
if you have them. The care comprises
keeping down the parasites ; keeping the
houses clean; water always fresh; shell
and grit boxes full, and a place to dust
themselves in; the litter must be changed
and kept from getting damp and sticky.
A good poultry book like “The Business
Hen” will answer this question much
more fully than I can in the space T he
R. N.-Y. can spare me.

It is time now our hens were selected
for our breeding pens. Of course we do
this partially in the Fall, when we shut
up our hens for the Winter, but no one
can pick out all the good ones when
the hens are moulting. It is always a
good plan to put several hens extra in
each pen of breeders when we mate them,
and then after they quiet down and get
used to their house and show their in¬
dividualism we find some to cull out.
By starting early we get our pens in fine
shape before their eggs are wanted, and
do not have to disturb them when they
should be let alone.

hirst, select mature birds. Don’t breed
from pullets, as it is certain to hurt
the flock in the long run, even if it is
not seen the first year. Select for vi¬
tality, and get the active birds, as they
are the layers, not the stupid ones that
are sitting around. Use the Standard
of Perfection, but don’t worship it or
bow down to it. I mean, don’t breed
from a weakling, even if he has all the
markings just where the Standard says
they should be, and don’t discard a big
strong bird because the comb has more
points, or the under color is deeper than
what the Standard says should be there.
I know the fanciers say this is “heresy.”
But if you are after a flock of egg pro¬
ducers you can’t afford to swallow the
Standard except in limited doses, diluted
with two parts common or horse sense.
Don’t try to prevent your breeding stock
from laying if they want to; in fact, it
is a sign of good health in a hen to lay,
and an old hen will not lay enough to
hurt during the Winter unless coddled
or forced, which she should not be.

The houses for breeding stock should
be built with scratching sheds, and
should be open most of the time, except
in extreme weather, as fresh air is a ne¬
cessity to health and to fertile eggs. We
make no change in feed except to give
the breeders more green cut bone, and,
if possible, green food, such as beets or
turnips or cabbage. We think an egg full
of vitality is half the battle of rearing
the chicks. Let your breeders have plenty
of room for exercise, and not over 20
hens to a cock for the Mediterraneans,
or 15 of the heavier breeds.

Leg Weakness in Hens.

We have a few mixed hens, and among
them are some Brahmas. All have been do¬
ing well, and most of them are laying, but it
seems that the Brahmas are troubled all at
once with some sort of leg weakness. They
sit down and cannot get up. Their joints
are not swollen, and we do not think that it
is rheumatism. They are apparently in good

health, their combs are red, and one now sick
as above is laying in the box where she is.
We are feeding in the morning wheat or bran
in the litter; at 11 o'clock mash made of
bran, middlings, corn meal, animal meal, beef
scraps and some sort of cooked vegetables;
at 3 P. M. whole corn in tile litter. Grit,
charcoal and clean water is always before
them. Kindly advise us if we are making
any mistake in feeding, or if there is any
other way to cure or prevent the trouble. We
are starting in the poultry business, and try¬
ing to mane use of the chickens we have, but
intend to start iu a straight, clean breed.

Wilton, Conn. h. c. if.

Tn this case the feed seems to be all
right, and the trouble looks like rheuma¬
tism, which may come from the house
being damp, and in this case the remedy
is to dry out their house and give plenty
of sunlight, fresh air and exercise. Of
course if the trouble comes from a lack
of vitality, through inbreeding or any
other cause generations back, it cannot
be helped now. floyd q. white.

“Pop!” “Yes, my son.” “They have
schools for making civil engineers, don’t
they?” “Yes, my son.” “Well, pop, why
don't they have ’em for making civil con¬
ductors ?” — Yonkers Statesman.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co.

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3 .00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. liberal terms.

, 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

Experience Teaches

breeders and horsemen everywhere that the only
reliable remedy for Spavins, Ringbones, Curbs
Splints and all forma o£ lameness is

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

This man found it so:

_ Fairmount, Ill. , Doo. 12, 1903.

Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.

Gentlemen: Will you please send me ft copy of your “Treat¬
ise on the Horse and his Diseases.” I fuivo wteU Kendall' 9
Spavin Cure for a number of yearn and found nothing no
good for CUR ns, SPA V1NS, R1SOBOXES, etc. I h.vo
.Iso used doe of your books til 1 it i s worn out.

Yours truly, ALVA UNDERWOOD.

Price $1; 6 for #5. As a liniment for family use it
has no equal. Ask your druggist for Kendall’s
Spavin Cure, also a “Treatise on the Horse and his
Diseases,” the book free, or address

Dr. B.J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT

_ a

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nail Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

® One of our agents says he will make 11500 noxt year. Wobo-
Hove ho can. This la the best seller we ever saw. Write for
8pvf*T*T. Ornrn and pl«n Agbntb. fllako monoy now
J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown.O.

The Great Agents Supply House.

KEYSTONE

Weeder and Cultivator.

Makes sure crops, increases yield. Kills weeds,
stirs soil, preserves moisture at plant roots. 7
feet wide, narrows to 30 ins. Famous Hallock
flat tooth (under license). Ask for book of many
photographed field scenes
of weeder at work.

KEYSTONE

Cultivator Attachment

for any cultivator. Runs
on the row, where shovels
can’t go. Weeds, cultivates, un¬
covers corn, levels. Makescorn
cultivation complete. Send for circu¬
lars of Weeders, Cultivators and!

Attachments. Free.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO..

1547 IT. Beaver Street. York, Pa.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and
prevent further attacks.
In popular use 25 years.
Price 8 lb. Pek. 50 cents. 7 lb. Pck. S1.O0.
Send for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St., New York

aEDKTEY FARM

NKWTON’8 Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Care.

A veterinary specific for wind,
and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend a $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

cutters, blowers,

rs, norse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N. Y.

HAVE YOU A HORSE OR A COW 7

To i ntroduce our Pi xine Vet. Kemedies. we will mall
our Valuable Book free. It tell all about lameness
and other horse and cattle ailments; how to detect,
locate and cure them. Write for it.

Pixine Chemical Co., Vet. Dept. 29,Troy,N.Y.

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM
STOCK LABEL.

BEST, LIGHTEST.
PLAINEST. CHEAPEST
~eryn/ r i g S' sxmpos

J: A Jackson c La ivUhtsUeXy.

DOES YOUR HORSE BALK?

Vou can positively cure him of it as of any other
disease, and the remedy costs nothing. You can
learn how from “The Horse Owner’s Guide,” a
valuable book of information, with many use¬
ful recipes, for horse owners.

Price, $ 1.00 by mail, post-paid.

The Horse Owner's Guide, Box B, Springfield, Ohio

Dana’s m, EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent* \V noted.

C. 11. DANA, 71 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

Look at b the Big
Sprocket A and Chain
Drive y below.

Ours is the only Manure
Spreader made pos¬
sessing this advantage.

fe-p- .

The Success Manure Spreader

_ mi- _ _ . _

Is the one to buy. These are among the reasons why : It is the result of 26 years of continuous Manure
Spreader making. It covers every requirement and every condition for the spreading of all kinds of ma¬
nure, lime, plaster, ashes, salt, fertilizer, etc., broadcast or in drills. Spreads thick or thin as wanted.
Apron returns automatically. Spreads largest load In 3 to 5 minutes. Strongest, easiest to load, spreads
most evenly and has lightest draft. Made in 4 sizes to suit requirements of all sections. All about it and
much more of value in our free book, “Farm Fertility.” Write for it.

KEMP A BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 38. SYRACUSE. N.

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Got.dev Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

Al'w choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
a I REAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
FIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

IS?" Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

BERKSHIRE PIGS, Sows bred. Female Collie Pups, barred
ltocks, Hens and Cockerels, Standard Bred Stock. Greatly
reduced prices for ten days. W. A. LOTHERS, Lack, l»a.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Ayrshire Bull Calf four months old from the
best registered stock. A. J HAMILTON, Manager.
Pojac Point Farm, East Greenwich, R. I.

SPLENDID STOCK

A Pure-bred. Registered, Standard DELAINE RAM
LAMB. 11) months old, judged “an Ideal Ueeee, strong
constitution, perfect form.” Price, 8)5.

Pure-bred,' tine quality S. C. BLACK MINORCA
COCKERELS, warranted satisfactory, each $2.50.
Address C. W. MEAD,

The Wheeler Homestead, Kanona, N. Y.

BEAUTIFUL COLORED PICTURES? DAIN PATCH

MAILED

The Colored Lithograph we will send you is a large reproduction of the abovo engraving, and is
made from a photograph taken of Dan while he was going at his highest rate of speed. It is one of
the finest motion photographs over taken and is as natural and life like as if you actually saw Dan
coming down the track. It shows Dan flying through the air with every foot off of tho ground.

ii Printed in 8ii Brilliant Colors.

MAILED

Size 21 by 34 inches.

Free of Advertising. “Oa \

IF YOU ANSWER
These 2 Questions:

1st.— How Much Stock Of All IOnd9 Do You Own?

2nd.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

Write to . International Stock Food Co.,S!i!s“

625“POU^D~HOGiTsH^

PROFIT.

International Stock Food Co. Gilmer, Illinois.

Gentlemen:' — I took one of my Chester White hogs and
made a special test of “ International Stock Food” as per your
directions, and at 18 months of age he weighed 625 pounds.
When I dressed him he was the hest hog I ever saw, and my
neighbors told me the same thing.

I would not he without “ International
Stock Food ” for my horses, cattle or
hogs. Please send me a picture of
Dan Patch. Yours,

WM. H. SMITH.

Wo Have Thousands of Similur Testimonials. W© Will Pay
You $1000 If They Are Not tho True Experience of
Practical Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imitations
And Substitutes. “International Stock Food” Is Fed Every
Day to Our World Famous Stallions Ban Patch 1:56,
Directum 2:05^, Arlon 2:07%, Hoy Wilkes 2:06^, and to
Oar One hundred Brood hares and Their Colts/

DAN PATCH 1:66, CHAMPION HARNESS HORSE oftbe WORLD. VALUED AT $150,000.

Largest Stock Food Factory iu the World.
Covers Over a City Block.
Contutns 18 Acres of Floor Space.
Aho Large Factory at Toronto, Can.,
Containing 50,000 Feet of Space.
Capital Bald Iu $2,000,000.00.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

i3o

The Rural New-Yorker

TI1E BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collinowood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, l A , t
Mrs. E. T. HOYLE, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 52.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8% marks, or 10 l/j francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
bv trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for

the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.

Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one

month of the time of the transaction, and you must have

mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser. _ _ _

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
3s for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

Tn order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
Intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZE OFFER ; BATHROOM ARRANGEMENTS .

Many readers of The R. N.-Y. have altered or Im¬
proved an old house, in which the location of the bath¬
room is a serious problem. Such experience is of value
to others, and for this reason we made a prize offer,
several weeks ago, for descriptions and diagrams of this
work. We offer three prizes, $5, $9 and $2, for the best
three articles describing this work; how it was planned,
how completed, and its cost. Diagrams or pictures
•showing the arrangement of the rooms, and how the
bathroom was situated, will add to the value of the
articles. This offer will be open until April 1. Special
•mention should be made of any defect in building or
arrangement of the house, which rendered the problem
more difficult or more expensive than usual.

*

Discussion of the old hired man question is coming
up again. New deposits of gold have been made avail¬
able during the past 10 years to help relieve the financial
situation, but no new deposits of good farm helpers are
coming to light. There are none in sight. Farmers
are rearranging their methods of working and their
plans of farming so as to be less dependent on hired
labor. We have simply got to study out the plans which
will enable one man to produce the greatest value in a
crop.

*

Of course Tiie R. N.-Y. favors a National Apple Day,
so well suggested by Mr. Handly on the next page.
With us apple day comes 365 times a year, but we know
that to some unfortunate people it is rarer than Christ¬
mas or Fourth of July. “Apple Day” by all means.
Now then, we want to hear from men who will volunteer
to put up several barrels of apples with which to give
the school children in their town a good tuck-out at the
first celebration of the new holiday. This is to be a day
for exercising the tongue !

*

Word comes from Washington that Senators will op¬
pose the new legislation to increase the power of the
Interstate Commerce Commission. They claim that such
legislation is “hasty.” For years this question has been
:studied and discussed. It has been kept back by just
such influences as these Senators represent. The time
has come when they must stand aside. If this legislation
were new or revolutionary it would be right for these
men to stand against it and delay. It happens, how¬
ever, that the principle involved is old and well under¬
stood, and entirely just.

*

A town in Georgia remains without saloons, not be¬
cause there is an attempt to enforce prohibition, but
because a liquor license costs $30,000. The town officials
say that they would issue a license to a saloonkeeper
who thought it worth $30,000 to him ; in the meantime
the town is prosperous, over 90 per cent of the children
go to school, and several large manufacturing concerns
are considering locating there because the moral tone
of the community secures efficiency on the part of the
men. A license law like this seems to work as a prac¬
tical prohibition that really prohibits.

Prof. Waugh, of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col¬
lege, employs the old-fashioned debate to interest stu¬
dents in horticulture. This question is soon to be de¬
bated: “Resolved, That the Hitchings method of or¬
chard culture can be recommended for general adoption.”
We believe that is a sensible and useful form of instruc¬
tion. We once visited an agricultural college commence¬
ment where students solemnly debated : “Resolved, That
Milton was a truer exponent of freedom than Crom¬
well !” It was hard to see what all this had to do with
agriculture. The idea was that these students at a
farmers’ college felt they must ape the practices of the
students at the classical university. Their professors
seemed to have neither the nerve nor the knowledge re¬
quired to tell those boys that they were merely making
brass buttons of themselves. Our agricultural colleges
will never command respect until they adopt original
habits, methods of thought and powers of expression.

♦ *

THE USE OF NITR0-CULTURE.

Readers must have noticed the great business being
done in the various “cultures” offered for increasing the
growth of the legumes or pod-bearing crops. Last year
the Department of Agriculture gave small quantities of
these cultures aw'ay for experiment. Now private parties
are offering them for sale. Naturally, we are asked if
this “culture” is a humbug, and whether it will pay a
farmer to invest money in it. It is not by any means a
humbug, but a farmer should understand what he is
doing before he uses it. We understand that the “nitro-
culture” offered for sale is practically the same as the
“cultures” sent out last year by the Department. It is
practically all prepared by one company, and sold
through agents. In the circular used in selling the nitro-
eulture we find the following:

What is Claimed for Nitro-Culture.

On poor or sandy soli, any leguminous (i. e., pod-bearing)
crop, such as clover, Alfalfa, beans, peas, vetch, peanuts,
etc., can (provided good seed is used) be more than doubled
the first year, by merely moistening the seed with a solution
of Nitro-Culture bacteria and allowing it to dry on the seeds
before planting. Ferhaps the greatest benefit may be derived
the second year, when any crop, such as wheat, corn, cotton,
potatoes, etc., may be planted without fertilizer, and they
will yield double what would otherwise be taken from the
same land. Many persons claim that in money value this
would be equal to 520 per acre, or that a like amount would
have to be expended on phosphates, capable of producing
equal results.

Let us understand that this nitro-culture is a small
packet of the germs which live on the roots of various
crops. They are inert, but when treated as directed in
the circular they become active, and begin to multiply
rapidly. The theory is that when the seeds are moist¬
ened with the liquid containing these germs and put in
ihe ground, these germs multiply rapidly and obtain
from the air supplies of nitrogen. This makes a larger
and stronger plant, giving not only an increased crop,
but of course leaving more in the soil for crops that
follow. Do not get the idea that the “nitro-culture”
adds plant food in the way that a bag of fertilizer or a
ton of manure would do. It does nothing of the sort.
It merely starts these germs at work. They may or
may not benefit the crop. They are not always success¬
ful. Last year the Department of Agriculture sent out
32,490 packets of “culture.” Only 2,502 experiments
were reported; of these 1,296 showed definite increase
of crop, 574 indicated failure, 293 no increase because
the soil was already supplied, and 339 no advantage from
the use of the cultures. Thus only about one-half the
experiments paid. Out of 1,043 trials of the Alfalfa bac¬
teria 522 reported an increase of crop. We see no rea¬
son why the “nitro-culture” should give better average
results. What were the causes of failure? In some
cases the directions were not followed. In others the
soil was either too sour or too alkaline — neither condi¬
tion being right for the bacteria to develop. The soil
was either too rich or too poor. When there is an ex¬
cess of nitrogen in the soil the plant does not require
the nitrogen from the air, and the bacteria do little
work. When the soil is poor and deficient in available
potash and phosphoric acid, no amount of increased
nitrogen supply can make a full crop. The .soil may
already contain an abundance of the germs. For exam¬
ple, on a farm where Red clover had been grown for
years the soil would probably be well filled with the
germs. On such soil no one could expect that the
“nitro-culture” for Red clover would pay. Yet on that
same farm the special culture for Alfalfa or peas might
pay well. It is nonsense to suppose that this “nitro-
culture” will make poor seed give a good yield, or make
up for poor plowing and harrowing or drought or flood.
All it can do is to introduce the special germs which
certain crops need, but there must go with them good
seed, good culture and a good chance for the crop. We
have given a fair statement of the matter, and now leave
the reader free to use his own judgment. We tried the
Government cultures on Alfalfa last year, and feel con¬
fident that they made the difference between total failure
and fair success.

February 18,

We have heard people express disappointment because
the price of meat has not fallen since the Supreme
Court’s decision. Such people will not or cannot under¬
stand what the court did. They seem to have an idea
that the court can make the “Beef Trust” reduce the
price of meat five cents a pound regardless of the price
paid to farmers for live stock. A little thought ought
to show how absurd such an idea is. The court has
simply decided that certain things which the trust has
been doing are unlawful. If they keep on doing them
they can be punished. Whether they will be or not
remains to be seen. Even if they were punished it is
not likely that either farmer or consumer would receive
immediate benefit. In the end both will be helped if the
laws are enforced as they should lie, but the benefit will
come very slowly. It has taken years for the abuses to
grow; it may take years to outgrow theni. Let us net
be impatient, but at the same time keep hammering
away at Congress for power to destroy the “rebate”
system.

*

Since the Apple Consumers’ League was started we
have discovered many noble qualities in the apple. It
keeps man healthy and good-natured. No one has yet
been found to say he knows a persistent apple eater who
is at the same time a heavy drinker of liquor. When
we seek to make some surly fellow good-natured we
induce him to eat a baked apple. In order to reform a
drunkard we try the apple cure, which consists in eating
six good-sized apples every day. Now comes a new use
for the apple tree, which takes rank with the others.

I have a large apple tree in one corner of my hen.vard.
I have on a limb a berry crate hung by a string that is tied
on each side of the center of crate ; then a string reaching
up to a limb. I put a broody hen in the crate, and she can't
sit, for it Is swinging all the time, especially if the wind is
blowing; it does not take more than two or three days to
break her up

As everyone knows, a sitting hen is very much set in
her ways. Tt is hard to break the habit, but stronger
habits have gone down before the apple. The apple tree
will prompt the “Business Hen” to go back to business
with renewed vigor. What form of apple will break up
the sitting-down habit in the hired man?

*

One of our correspondents, who answers a query re¬
garding paint for an 'iron fence, refers to the frequent
neglect of rural cemeteries. He tells us that in his own
community the neighbors came together to improve their
cemetery, now feeling a pride in the well-kept beauty
of what was before a desolate bit of landscape loneliness.
We have all seen these neglected resting places, where
straggling briers embrace the time-worn stones, and
where the new-made grave seems merely a raw wound
upon the surrounding desolation. And yet how easy it
is, by a little co-operative industry, to turn the unkempt
graveyard into “God’s acre beautiful !” Let the “women
folks” begin it, if they will — they are usually the prime
movers in such efforts — they can work up enthusiasm,
and ask for a plan of action. First of all, straighten up
the sagging fence, clear out the briers and mend the
drives. Then begin a general plan of beautifying. A
very small expenditure in ornamental nursery stock will
prove a valuable investment, and it is quite possible to
produce good results with material from wood and field.
We should like to hear from readers who can describe
experiences in this line: their suggestions would pos¬
sess value for others. We are always saddened by the
thoughtlessness which gives bareness instead of beauty
in the city <*f the dead !

BREVITIES.

It may pay you to read the article on Texas fertilizers,
page 116.

Who says a Leghorn will eat as much as a Plymouth
Rock while both are laying hard?

Which is of more use at a farmers’ institute — the man
who can’t do it, but can tell about it, or the man who can
do it, but can’t tell it?

There are others who feel as this Illinois farmer does:
“Seems to be a time of unrest in the whole world, and I feel
like sighing for the good old plain times of 50 years ago.”

We have one reader who wants to know what “The Busi¬
ness lien” has to say about the groundhog! Not very much.
The feeding of buckwheat is mentioned. Buckwheat cakes
go with sausage. Sausage is certainly ground hog.

L’tforts will be made to sell sulphate of iron or copperas
as a fertilizer. It is recommended for use on manure piles.
We do not advise its use at present prices. Kainit will do
as well in the manure, besides adding potash to the soil.

An Arkansas man, who had formed an erroneous impres¬
sion that the Department of Agriculture was giving away
free swine, wrote to his Senator asking that dignitary to
pick him out a good pair of Berkshires. Well, why not?

IIoKTtcrLTFRisTS who are working for new varieties of
fruits will be interested in the prize offered by the Minnesota
Horticultural Society for a seedling apple which shall com¬
bine the good qualities of the Wealthy with the hardiness of
the Duchess and t lie keeping quality of Malinda. Compe¬
tition is open to the world.

According to statistics, Americans are steadily increasing
their consumption of sugar, which now amounts to 72 pounds
per capita annually; a total of 2,500,000 tons a year, or
nearly as much as all Europe, exclusive of Great Britain.
In Spain the annual consumption of sugar per capita is only
six pounds.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 3 1

FOR A NATIONAL APPLE DAY .

A few years ago, when the idea of forming an Apple
Consumers’ League was conceived, the originators of such
an organization builded better than they knew. The nov¬
elty of the society attracted attention, and in discussing
its merits the apple was considered from many stand¬
points that had never before been suggested. The good
the Apple Consumers’ League accomplished among many mil¬
lions in this country can never be even approximated. One
of the most tangible results of the organization was shown
in having Apple Day as a distinct feature of the World’s
Fair in St. Louis last October. As is generally known, the
chief part of the programme for that event was tire giving
of an apple to every man, woman or child who would call
and receive it. Those present on that occasion can
never forget the long procession of thousands of people
entering the l’niace of Horticulture forming in line and
marching past the point of distribution where the promise
of an apple was verified. For weeks prior to this event,
tlie press generally discussed the proposition of Apple Day,
and thousands of persons who received an apple when
the day was observed had the value of an apple
forcibly presented, and there are abundant evidences that
by this means the apple came into frequent use on the
table in families where previously its presence had been
very unfamiliar. One of the great points reached was in
leading the minds of the people to the fact that the apple
is exceptionally wholesome food, and that if placed in con¬
stant use, bills for doctors and all sorts of medicines and
drugs would be very materially diminished. The people
also were impressed with the difference between enjoying
a good quality of fruit and using that of an inferior sort.

It would take much time and space to describe all the
details of the beneficial effects in multifarious forms of
having had Apple Day. It has generally been conceded if
an Apple Day held only in one city, and limited in bene¬
fits chiefly to the visitors to that place, had such marked
effects, the idea of having a National Apple Day to be
made perpetual as an annual event, thus opening wider and
grander possibilities for the apple, should receive earnest
attention and the most cordial approval. I am glad to
hear that the New York State Fruit Growers’ Association took
a stand on this question by adopting a resolution at its
last meeting in favor of having such an annual event. The
Peninsula Horticultural Society of Delaware did itself great
credit by seconding the motion, also adopting a resolution
in its favor. In corresponding with many secretaries of
horticultural associations all over the United States, I find
their expressions are given in no uncertain manner in favor
of having a National Apple Day. Among those who speak
of tlie matter with marked enthusiasm are Prof. .1. It. S.
Norton, secretary of the Maryland Horticultural Society;
Ernest Walker, secretary of the Arkansas Horticultural So¬
ciety. and F. Cranefieid. secretary of the Wisconsin State
Horticultural Society. No special plan is outlined for keep¬
ing tlie day by those interested in the movement. It has
been thought best to concede the right of every National.
State and local horticultural association to observe the
day according to their own ideas. As for the time of hav¬
ing such a day, all sentiment is in favor of having the
date when the late Fall and Winter apples are available,
and it has been thought that the third Tuesday in October
would always meet this requirement. Tt is also gener¬
ally known that there are more county fairs and farmers’
institutes held during the month of October than in any
other month of the year, and this would give an oppor¬
tunity for placing an apple feature on programmes for
such events. It can be readily seen that exhibitions at such
times arousing a rivalry between societies and a competition
between individuals could easily he given : added to this,
such organizations no doubt would be glad to avail them¬
selves of an opportunity of hearing addresses on the sub¬
ject: of apples from experts.

It is further suggested that the schools all over the
United States would not let the day pass without some

recognition. We would all be glad to see every child in the
United States have an apple on that day, and the teachers
of the public schools would do well if they had some com¬
petent person to visit the schools on that day and in¬
terest the students by giving them some, very valuable and
useful information on orcharding. It is fair to presume
that in every community some horticultural society or
public-spirited person would offer prizes to pupils for' best
essays on apples. The glory of every community centers
around its public schools, and yet while the students are
following their investigations of mathematics, languages
and various sciences, all of which are essential, how little
do they know about what is happening perhaps in their
own door yards. How many of them, for instance, could
show any correct ideas as to what causes a tree to grow,
how its formation is produced, and as to the quality and
different kinds of food it needs for its sustenance? How
few could draw any distinction between the nutriment
needed for the woody growth of the tree and that needed
for its fruit and what is essentially necessary for form¬
ing foliage? Such questions could be followed on indefi¬
nitely as to the nature and character of the soil best
adapted to growing trees, and the best methods for ex¬
tinguishing the enemies of a tree. There have been many
radical changes in horticulture during the past few years,
and it can be readily foreseen that there will be some
striking changes in coming years.

In some parts of the country the people are becoming
discouraged with the industry of planting commercial or¬
chards : In others old orchards are being allow'ed to languish
and die, and then, on the other hand, the large extent
of country in the West, which has been known as the
American Desert, is showing wonderful life and fruit-pro¬
ducing power as it is being regenerated by irrigation. Those
who visited the Palace of Horticulture at tlie World's Fair
last, year were astonished at the products sent in from a
part of the country which in the minds of many had been
looked upon as barren. In spite of all changes that may
happen, there is a moral certainty that the United States
will continue to make an average of great crops of apples,
and they will form a resource of the richest revenue if
intelligently directed. But to have a clear comprehension
of this subject will require something more than passing
thoughts or carelessly expressed opinions. Nothing short
of the most earnest attention and careful investigation will
reach desirable results.

In closing an appeal for Apple Day. an important feature
must not be overlooked. AVith such a day established there
is no doubt that there would be a general diet of apples
all over the United States, perhaps all over tlie world, on
that day, and this would mean a tremendous sale of apples
for that time. The people everywhere would become fa¬
miliar with the wholesome qualities, and this would cause
continual use of the fruit. Tt would not be possible accu¬
rately to forecast the amount of extra apples that would be
used on such a day, but I have not discussed the proposi¬
tion with any wholesale dealer well informed on such
matters, who has placed the consumption of apples for
such a day in the United States at less than a half million
barrels. jambs handly.

Illinois.

REMARKS ABOUT GALVANIZED WIRE.

In answer to “W.,” of Pennsylvania, in regard to fence
wire (page 8fi), years ago charcoal iron was used entirely
for making fence wire. At present, all fence wire used
is made of Bessemer steel. This has a large amount of
free carbon, both being galvanized with zinc. Carbon,
zinc with dilute sulphuric acid make the electric battery
you use in your telephone. The carbon in the wire with
coating of zinc and the great amount of coal consumed,
smoke and gases discharged in the atmosphere, complete
the conditions for a perfect electric battery : our gal¬
vanized coating is soon destroyed, and your carbon steel wire
will soon rust out. The less carbon in wire the longer U
will last without rusting. Remedy : Charcoal iron wire with
double A galvanizing. f. j. baii.ey.

Michigan.

BUSINESS BITS.

A t*ooit tank is always a source of annoyance and worry.
t’he \\'. E. Caldwell Co., Louisville, Ky., is headquarters for
tanks of the right sort — red cypress, white pine, galvanized
steel, etc. Ask for illustrated catalogue when you need any¬
thing in this line.

So much has been said in our columns regarding the value
of draining the soil that no argument is necessary on the
subject. Those contemplating jaying drains the coming
Spring will do well to write the well-known drain tile manu¬
facturer, John H. Jackson, Albany, N. Y. A treatise on
drainage will be sent free.

The new principle of oil lighting employed in the Angle
lamp is fast displacing gas and electricity, as the light is
soft, mellow, restful to the eyes and economical. The light
is as strong as gas or electricity, and runs on about, one-
eighth of their cost. The combustion is perfect, insuring
no smoke or smell, is lighted and extinguished like gas,
and is absolutely free from danger. Send to the Angle
Lamp Mfg. Co., 80 Murray Street, New York City, for the
Angle Lamp book No. N.N.

No better commendation can he had for a piece of ma¬
chinery than that given the “Iron Age" ( Improved-Bobbins)
potato planter by John Watson Co., Boulton. Me. On De¬
cember 3, 1004, this company ordered 12 carloads (312 ma¬
chines) of these planters. This order is particularly sig¬
nificant from the fact that the planter is so well known in
this great Aroostook potato growing region, the same firm
having sold six carloads last season. The planter is only
one of the many “Iron Age” farm and garden implements
which are famous for their performance in the field. Send
for “Iron Age” book for 11)05, which tells all about them.
Address Bateman Mfg. Co., Box 1021, Grenloch, N. J.

Mr. S. L. Broughton, of Moriah, Essex Co., N. Y"., writes
the Mineral Heave Company, IMttsburg, Pa., on November 28,
1004, as follows: “I have a four-year-old gelding that was
completely cured of heaves by two doses of your Mineral Heave
Remedy. I noticed last Spring that my horse was suffering
from heaves. On October 20 I received a dollar package of
your remedy and administered it twice. At this writing.
November 28, no one could tell that my horse had ever had
the heaves. Although I have been working him hard and
feeding dry hay, there is not the slightest indication of a
return of the trouble. Your remedy has mv most cordial
endorsement. I feel that after what it has done for my
horse I cannot say enough in your behalf.”

AVe believe it would pay every reader of The R. N.-Y. to
write to the Ohio Cultivator Co., Bellevue, Ohio, and get
their hay press catalogue. The Ohio hay press is a fine
piece of machinery and a money maker for the farmer.
If there are any special questions you may want to ask
about hay presses the Ohio people will be glad to answer
them. They have experts who can give you definite infor¬
mation regarding any point about hay-baling machinery that
you may be interested in. The Ohio Cultivator Co. are not
only manufacturers of hay presses, but in addition to this
manufacture a large line of sulky and walking cultivators,
disk harrows, land rollers, etc., and will he very glad
to give you information pertaining to the same.

The value of tools calculated to save time, labor and
energy on the farm c<\n hardly be overestimated. Just as
the self-binder has superseded the hand sickle as a harvest¬
ing machine, Planet Jr. tools take the place of the hand hoe
and hand methods of planting and cultivating. With these
admirable tools time is saved, better work done, more of it.
and the fact that work can be hurried at critical moments
beyond the use of the ordinary implements, their value on
the farm or in the garden will he all the more appreciated
by the progressive agriculturist. Every reader should secure
the Planet Jr. illustrated catalogue for 11)05. This book will
he of much interest to every man or woman who tills the
soil for pleasure or profit. It may be had by sending a
postal card to S. I,. Allen & Co., Box 1107 Ar, Philadelphia,
Pa.

IT TAKES $20,000

worth of postage stamps to mail The MAULE SEED
CATALOGUE for 1905. It contains 1 52 large pages,
full from cover to cover of illustrations and descrip¬
tions of the best and newest things known in horti¬
culture. I am to-day doing the Largest Mail
Order Seed Business in this Country, and
I know what I am saying when I make the state¬
ment that never before have I offered so many nov¬
elties in flower and vegetable seeds of real merit.
No gardener can afford to be without this book,
which will be sent free to all sending me their ad¬
dress on a postal card.

Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa.

132

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18,

MARKETS

Cuit kent Wholesale Prices, Feb. 11, 1905.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . — @1.21%

No. 1, Northern. Duluth.... — @1.26%

Corn, No. 2. mixed . — @ 52

Oats, mixed . — @ .17

Rye . — (Q 80

Harley . 46 @ 52

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first
bushel or 100-lb. lots :

Timothy, bushel of 45 lbs. .... —

Kentucky, Blue grass, 100 lbs. -

Red top, 100 lbs . -

Awnless Brome grass, 100 lbs. -

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . —

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . -

Alsike, 100 lbs . -

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . —

Clover, medium red, 100 lbs... —

FEEDS.

. 21.00 @22.00

. 22.00 @24.00

. 21.00 @22.50

. . 27.00 @28.00

Spring bran
Middlings . .
jiominy chop
Gluten .

quality in

@ 2.75
■ @12.00
@14.00
(tj 15.00
(a 1 7. HO
(a 1 7.00
@ 1 7.00
@ 8.50
@17.00

HAY AND STRAW.

1 lav.

No.

1 .

@

80

No.

2

. 70

(a

72

No.

3 ,

@

70

Clover

mixed .

(d

\ J>

. 65

@

70

Straw

@i

.10

Short and oat .

. 50

@

75

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.71 per 40-
quart. can, making a net of 3% cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone where there are
no extra station charges. Receipts at this
point for week ending February 4 were 198,-
595 cans of milk and 8,911 of cream. The
heaviest shipments came by Lackawanna
Railroad, 36,500 cans milk ■ and 2,150 of
cream.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 31 @ 31 %

Firsts . . 29 @ 30

Seconds . 20 @ 28

Thirds . 22 @ 25

Storage, choice . 29 @ 29 %

Lower grades . 22 @ 26

State dairy, choice . 26 @ 28

Under grades . 19- @ 23

Imitation creamery . 23 @ 27

Factory, choice . 22 @ 24

Lower grades . 12 @ 19

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy . — @ 12%

Small, choice to fine . 11 %@ 12

Small, poor to fair . 9 @ 9%

Large sizes % cent less.

Light skims, choice . 10 @ 10%

Full skims . 4 @ 5

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, white . 36 @ 38

White, good to choice . 34 @ 35

Fresh gathered, mixed . 32 @ 34

Western, choice . 30 @ 33

Kentucky and other Southern . . 25 @ 33

Storage . 22 @ 26

HOPS.

Choice . 32 @ 33

Medium to prime . . . 29 @ 31

Common . 27 @ 28

Olds . 12 @ 14

German crop, 1!)04 . 57 @ 68

DRIED FRUITS.

Apple, evaporated, fancy . — - @ 7

Evaporated, choice . 6 @ 6%

Common to good . 4 @ 5%

Sun dried, quarters . 3 @ 4

Coarse cut . 3 @ 3%

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.50 @1.60

Cores and skims, 100 lbs.... 1.10 @1.20

Raspberries . — @ 23

Blackberries . 6%@> 8

Huckleberries . 11 @ 12

Cherries . 13% @ 14%

APPLES.

King, Jonathan and Spitz., bbl. 2.50

Spy .

Ben Davis . 1.50

Baldwin .

Greening . 1.25

Bulk, 150 lbs . 7

VARIOUS FRUIT

Cranberries, eh. to fey., bbl ....

Poor to good .

Strawberries, Fla., fey., qt. ...

Poor to good .

Oranges, Cal. navel, box .

Florida, fancy .

Choice .

Grape fruit, Fla., fancy .

Cuoice .

Pineapples, Fla., 30s to 24s...

2.50

@3.50

2.00

@2.50

(<j 2.50

@ 2.25

@-2.00

75

@1.25

S.

6.00

@8.50

(tj 5.00

75

@ 1 .00

30

@ 50

2.40

@3.25

3.50

@4.00

@ 3.00

3.75

@5.25

2.00

@2.50

1.75

@ 2.50

SALADS AND GREEN STUFFS.

Artichokes, Cal., dozen . 1.00 @1.50

Brussels sprouts, qt . 6 @ 15

Celery, dozen, fancy . 30 @ 60

Common . 10 @ 25

Chicory and escarol, N. O., bbl. 2.00 @4.00

Kale, Norfolk, bill . 1.00 @ —

Lettuce, Southern, fancy, %-bbl.

basket . 2.50 @3.00

Poor to good . 75 @ 2.00

Peppers, Fla., 24-qt. carrier .. 1.50 @2.50

Romaine, 3-pk. basket . 1.50 @2.50

String beans, 3-pk. bkt . 3.00 @7.00

Peas. 3-pk. basket . 3.00 @7.00

Spinach, Norfolk, bbl . 2.75 @4.00

POTATOES.

Long Island. 180 lbs . 1.50 @1.75

State and Western, 180 lbs. . . .1.12 (<j 1.37

Jersey, bulk. 180 lbs . 1.12 @1.37

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl . 5.00 @5.50

No. 2 . 3.00 @4.00

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl... 2.00 @4.00

VA R I OUS VEGETABLES.

Beets, bbl . 1.25 @ 1.50

Carrots, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.50

Cabbage, Danish seed, red

ton . 25.00 @30.00

White . 10.00 @13.00

Domestic, ton . . 6.00 @10.00

Imported, bln. case . — @ 4.00

Onions. Con., white, bbl . 3.00 @ 7.00

E'n. red and yellow, bbl... 2.50 @’ 3.00

State and W’n, red, 150 lbs. 2.25 @ 2.75

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.25

Radishes. 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3.00

Squash. Hubbard, bbl . 1.25 @ 1.75

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl . 50 @ 95

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier. 1.00 @ 4,00

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, lb . —

Fowls . . —

Roosters . —

Turkeys . —

Ducks, pair . 60

Geese, pair . 1.25

Pigeons . —

1 IOTHOUSE PROI JUCTS.

Cucumbers, choice, dozen . 1.50

Lettuce, dozen . 25

Mushrooms, lb . 25

Rhubarb, lb.... . 5

Tomatoes, lb . 10

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, fancy . 19%

Average best . 18

Capons, fancy, large . 23

Chickens . 16

Fowls . 12

Squabs, dozen . 2.00

Steers

Bulls

Cows

< ‘alves

Sheep

Lambs

LIVE STOCK.

4.50
2.75

1 .50
4.00
4.00
6.00

@

11%

@

14

@

9

@

15

@

80

Cd 1

.62

@

20

@2,

25

@ 1

7)0

@<

60

@)

8

@

25

20

@

19

24

@

20

@

14

@

(.75

@6.15
@ 4.25
@3.60
<§ 9.25
(a 5.50
@8.00

FURS.

Black bear . 10.00@ 20

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00@! 10

Badger . 00@

.Otter . 9.00 @

Beaver, large . 6.00@

Medium . 4.00 @

Small . 2.00 @

Silver fox . 50.00@250.

Cross fox . 5.00@ 10

Red fox . 2.00 @

Gray fox . 75@

Fisher . 4.00 @

Wolf, prairie . 1.50@

Timber . 2.00 @

Wolverine . 4.00@

Lynx . 4.00@

Wild cat . 40@

Civet cat . 25 @

House cat, black . — @

House cat. colored . 8 @

Marten, dark . 6.00@

Pale . 3.00@

Shunk. black . 1.50@

15

8,

6

3

00

00

80

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

90

00

00

00

00

00

75

50

25

10

00

00

Half-striped .

. 1.00@

—

Long- 1 piped .

. 80 @

—

Striped .

. 50 @

—

White .

. 20 @

—

Raccoon .

. 60 @

1.50

Opossum, large .

. 55 @

60

Medium .

. 30 @

85

Small .

. 15@

18

Kits .

. 5@

—

Rabbit .

. 1 % @

—

Mink .

. 2.50

5.00

Muskrat, Winter .

. 1 4 @

15

Kits .

. 2@

3

Fall .

. 9@

10

FARM CHEMICALS,

Ton to car lots :

Nitrate of soda . 48.00@53.00

Sulphate of ammonia . 65.OO@70.00

Dried blood . 56.00@60.00

Kainit . 10.00@ 12.00

Muriate of potash . 38.00@44.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00@12.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. lb... — @ 5%

Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb . — @ 5%

“Of course,” said the tourist, “the
wealth of this country about here is in
the soil.” “So fur’s I’m eonsarned it is,”
replied the poor farmer. “1 ain’t dragged
none out of it.” — Philadelphia Press.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal. 1 See guarantee, page 18.

'ALL AT 0MGE\

Plant and fertilize as you go. Corn, peas,
beans, beets, etc., planted and fertilizer de¬
posited, in hills or drills, all at one passage,
with the

Eclipse Corn Planter

and Fertilizer Distributer.

Improved row marker. Wide range for hill
spacing, 6 to 45 inches. Handles any kind
fertilizer, in any condition, 50 to 450 lbs. per
acre. We make a special gear which sows 600 lbs.
per acre. Plants all seeds accurately. Light draft,
easily handled, quiok and positive adjustments.
We also make the Eclipse Two Horse Two Row
Planter. Good terms to agents where not intro¬
duced. Write us.

BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 75 Chicopee Falls, Mass.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock

LOCUST FARMS, Eatontown. N. J.

a choice lot of thorough-bred M. B. Turkeys, large
bone and frame and beautiful plumage. Address,

E, D. WITHROW, Dublin, Va.

P ^ ft. yus j* cured to STAY CURED No
medicines needed afterwards
Book54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y-

150 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N.Y.

ATT E N T I O N'KA".:

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty
I. HERZ. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York

NOW IS THE TIME

to decorate your home; don't bay wall papers
until you see our offer. Gilts. Embossed, Silks
and Ingrains at 5 to 1214 cts. per roll. We save
you 50 p.c.; we defy competition. Write for
our book of samples sent free, which includes
all instructions to hang your own paper
Consumers Wall Paper and Supply Co.
GreenpolDt, Brooklyn, N. Y .

LAMBS CALVES

Dressea Lambs. Calves, Hothouse Products, Vege¬
tables, Fruits, Fancy Eggs, etc. Top prices secured
for choice goods. Write us what you have to offer.
ARCHDEACON & CO , 100 Murray Street, New York.

GXO- P. HAMMOND. E8T. 1876. FRANK W. GODWIN-

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO..

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kin as oS
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Produets a Specialty. Consignments solicited,

34 A 36 Little 13th St., New York.

COD DECT possible results ship Apples, Sweet
lUll DCO I Potatoes, Poultry. Eggs, Calves &
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN, 204 Duane St.; New York.

Oldest Commission

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

DIDMQ of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best,
DHlmO Cheapest. Strongest. 8.000 in 44 states. Book
forstamp SHAWVER BROTHERS.Bellefontaine.O

Excelsior Swing Stanchion.

Warranted the best. 30 Days Trial.
Can bo returned at our expense
if not satisfactory.

The Wasson Stanchion Co.,

Box 60. CUBA, NEW YORK.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our
For particulars write
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co
18 Pymatunlng St., Linesville. Pa.

z>ojUvS dx#
We pay
FREIGHT

IflW 7° build plant and feed
l"*1 Free Illuatrated Journal

( alamazoo

FOR ALL MIXED FEEDS

Unhusked corn, husked ears,
shelled corn and all grains there
is no mill made that for speed,
easy running and complete
grinding equals the

KELLY

DUPLEX
Grinding Mills

New double cutters, force
feed, never choke, grind line
or coarse. Four sizes, any
power. Investigate to-day.

THE 0. S. KELLY C0.( 157 N. Lime SL, Springfield, Ohio

i mtm

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

Fop Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

/• LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 size*— 2 to 25 horse power. One style for
wlndsvheel use. ( Also make Sweep
Grinders— Reared and Plain.)

P. N. B0WSHER. South Bend, Ind.

“AN ALL ’ROUND SUCCESS”

THE McCORMICK
1905 ANNUAL.

“An All ’Round Success ” is the title of a new
McCormick booklet which has just been issued. It is
printed in two colors with a handsome lithographed
cover. The pictorial embellishment is greatly
enhanced by engravings, showing pastoral scenes
surrounding the circles enclosing the descriptive
text and machine illustrations.

Size of booklet, 794 s 994 inches.

The make-np is artistic, while the text is written
in a terse and lucid style that adds to the pleasure of
reading the book. This booklet can be secured from
McCormick agents, all of whom carry a complete
stock of machines and repairs for the accommoda¬
tion of their customers.

TWENTY BUSHELS

Of WHEAT
to the Acre

is the record on the FREE
Homestead Lands of Western
Canada for 1904. The 150,000
farmers from the United States
who daring the past seven years
have gone to Canadaparticipato
in this prosperity. The United
States will soon become an
importer of Wheat. Get a

Free Homestead

or purchase a farm in

WESTERN
CANADA

nnd become one of those who will help
produce it. This is the era of $1.00 wheat.
Apply for information to Superinten¬
ant ox Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

I have buyers tor country |
property

If you want
to sell for
ca ah, or
exchange,
send de-
scr!ption and
price, and I
will tell you
whether I can
make a deal for you

E. C. BROWN,

Property for
eale ami exchange
every where and anywhere

2123 Madison Ave.,
Newport News-Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS
■IS- $5. 00 PER ACRE

with improvements. Much land now being worked has
paid a profit greater than the purchase price the first
year. Long Summers, mild Winters. Best shipping
facilities to great eastern markets at lowest rates,
Best church, school and social advantages. For list
of farms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day tc F. H LABAUME, Agr.
and lnd. Agt. N . & W. Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

C A I C— Farm of 17 acres located on D. & R.
OMLC a. k. k New Mexico. 1200 to 1600
Fruit trees— good house and out-buildings. Excel¬
lent climate for health seekers, especially favorable
for lung trouble or asthma. Price »3, 500. Address
W. P. GOULD, Deming, New Mexico.

p For rich farming and fruit growing

f" A El mO Write J. D. 8. HANSGN, Hart, Mich

WANTED— To rent (with option to buy) a farm
of about 100 acres in Central New Jersey.
Address, E. R. F.

Care Rural New Yorker.

WANTED— A 7 room honse with 3 to 5 acres by the
year. In about 75 miles of N. Y.

A. C . 343 Linden Avenue, Brooklyn. N Y.

WANTED — Copies of the Rural NewYorkerof
following dates- July 7, 1000; September 13
and 20, 1002. J. P. HOPPLE,

215 Montague St., Brooklyn, N. Y

FARM MANAGER WANTED

The advertiser has a farm of 350 acres on which he
resides, but business will keep his time occupied so
that be will pay a fair salary for tbe services of a
man with knowledge to relieve him of the detail
management and obtain a fair return for invest
ment. Owner has experience in farming, dairying
and live stock. Answer immediately, stating age, if
married or single, also experience. Address,

FARMER, care Rural New Yorker.

C avim Ul I can sell your farm for

rarm II aniCU cash. Write for particulars

to-day. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of tbe United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested iu and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

AVAL T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn.

MAPS, Reports. Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Beat
Markets. State Board of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

lAALIFOBNIA FOB 104

If® ‘‘The Western Empire” a 32- page inag-
» wazine of the wonderful industrial development,
horticultural pursuits and stories of adventure on
(he Pacific Coast. 6 months trial for only 10 cents.
Empire Pub. Co.,1 15Times Block., Los Angeles, Cal

WANTED

Within Two Hundred Miles of New York City,

A MILL. PROPERTY

with water power of about 1,000 horse power:
must have good shipping facilities. Send full
particulars with lowest CASH price, to
WM. ANGUS, Box 1 , Station V, New York.

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

For reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw- Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 4#> Hightstown. N. J.

Brooks’ Sure Cure

Brooks' Appliance. New FOR

discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxious springs or pads.

Automatic Air Cushions.

Binds and draws the broken
oarti together as you would
a broken limb. No salveB.

No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able. cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, '01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box 965, MARSHALL. MICH.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 33

"THE LINE THAT LEADS”

THE MILWAUKEE CATALOG
TELLS WHY.

The 1905 Milwaukee catalog is without doubt the
best written and the most artistically arranged cata¬
log of Milwaukee machines ever given to the agri¬
cultural world.

Miniature reproduction of Milwaukee catalog cover.

It is printed in two colors, and, besides the text
and illustrations of machines, each page is decorated
with a highly effective border design. On the two
center pages of this catalog are four photographic
views, accompanied by convincing descriptive text,
which tell why Milwaukee machines are always in
the load.

This catalog may be secured from the Milwaukee
agents, who carry complete stocks of Milwaukee
repairs, and who will be pleased to show and explain
the machines to anyone interested.

Catalog free. Hercules

GAIN ACRES

clearing that stumpy piece
land. THE UKKUULKS
Puller pulls any stump,
time, labor and monc’ .

Co., Dent. PS Centerville, la.

Tbis0trws AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump. It can, however,
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertleal. Wo furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight, nozzles at
100 pounds pressure Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

K. H. I)eyo & Co.. Binghamton, N,Y<

The Wizard Engine

Is our latest improved 2 to 3 h. p.
engine — detachable water jacket
— jump spark ignition system
(same as in Oldsmobile) per¬
fect lubrication — no gaskets to
burn out.

Repairs Cost Practically Nothing

The cheapest to buy and most eco¬
nomical to operate and
keep in order. Suitablefor
all kinds of work. Has
pumping jack outfit and
direct connected pump.

Get our prices and
Catalogue of 2 to 100
h. p. Olds Engines.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE ■

WORKS,

Chestnut St. Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: R. H.'Deyo & Co., Bi nghamion,N.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs; air-tight, keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Best in world. You want
it. For detail write

R. JE, P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass,

The “ GUARANTEE!)
TO HATCH ’’kind.
From Highest Quality
Exhibition Matings.
From Matings with
Record for Great Egg
Production.

Our Exhibition Quality Eggs have, for years,
produced the winners at the largest shows.

White Leghorns, White AVyandottes, White
Rocks, Barred Rocks, Hlack Mlnorcas, Eight
Brahmas.

ELM POULTRY YARDS

Box V Hartford, Conn.

$5 per 12
$2 per 12

12

.80 For
200 Egg

- INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog' to-day. _

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

We have refused the advertisements of
S. J. Smith, Shortsville, N. Y., this year
because of the numerous complaints
against him last year. The complaints
were that in many cases the corn ordered
for seed was not shipped in time for
planting, even when the order was in two
months in advance, and further that the
seed when received was not according to
sample. W. H. Palmer, Canaan 4-Cor¬
ners, N. Y., sent order and remittance
March 12, for a bushel each of white and
yellow corn. It was June 16, he says,
when he received two bushels of common
yellow crib corn. Several complaints
were made by farmers during the year.
It was charged in most cases that the
seed sent was not according to the sam¬
ple furnished by Mr. Smith. The early
complaints were adjusted by Mr. Smith
refunding the money. When the season
for advertising came around again, we,
however, refused to run any more of Mr.
Smith’s advertising because of these com¬
plaints, and since our refusal of his adver¬
tising he has refused to adjust Mr. Pal¬
mer’s complaint. Every farmer knows
that refunding the money six months or a
year after remittance is made is not en¬
tirely satisfactory. The great loss comes
in the worry and annoyance in waiting for
seed that does not come when the ground
is ready for it, and possibly in the total
loss of a crop. In view of his advertising
of last year, a statement of the conditions
seems due to our subscribers.

The “Business lien’’ goes out every day
to the subscriptions received for the day.
We can’t print the best things that have
been said about it. It takes too much
space, but here are a few brief comments :

I am very much pleased with The Busi¬
ness Hen. It certainly is a very valuable
reference book for anyone interested in rais¬
ing poultry. f. a. b.

Qorneltsvilie, X. Y.

I received “The Business Hen." and am
much pleased! with it. I’lease accept thanks
and best wishes from an old subscriber.

Rockford, III. j. f. u.

Enclosed find $1 to renew my subscrip¬
tion to Tub R. N. V. the best farm agricul¬
tural paper which I take; also send me
The Business Hen. 1 have work for her.

Afton, N. Y. b. a. B.

The Business Hen is all right, as the
copy you sent me proves beyond a doubt.

Huntington, L. I. J, M. s.

The following letter just received is a
tribute to The R. N.-Y. that we are frank
to say pleases 11s. It is friends like Prof.
Dewey who are making the paper known
where it is appreciated.

U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry,
Washington. I>. C.,

February 7, 1905.

Office of the Botanist.

Editor RcraTj Nbw-Youkkk, 109 Pearl St..

New York.

Dear Sir: — For the enclosed dime please
send The R. N.-Y. to address given. This
friend lias recently bought a farm up in West¬
chester Co., and I have told him that Hope
Farm Notes will be quite as necessary for
the success of that farm as the bulletins of
tins Bureau. Very truly yours,

Lvssteu II. Dewey.

We like to find the men who are look¬
ing for the best farm paper. They all
end up in our list. Here is one:

I send you $1 to pay for The R. N.-Y. for
another year, and would like to receive The
Business lien I*’ I am entitled to it. Must
have the papei- anyway, whether I get the
“Hen" or not. Can’t find anything anywhere
near as good in the same line. f. j. t.

Bridgewater, Mass.

If you have some neighbors or friends
who are looking for the best, tell them to
send us

Ten Cents for 10 Weeks

trial of the The R. N.-Y. or if you get
the dollar and send it to us, he will get
the paper for a year, and we will semi you
David Harum for your trouble. If you
are not both pleased with the bargain
we will return all the money and ex¬
pense. We simply want to find the fann¬
ers who want the best farm paper.

THE GUARDIAN OF OUR BODY.

The foremost biologist of our day,
M. Metselinikoff, has shown the world
of science that there are leucocytes in our
blood that act as scavengers or policemen.
These policemen which are called phago¬
cytes look out for the noxious or poisonous
elements in our blood. Various offending
elements are picked out of the blood and
tissues by these policemen and destroyed.
Therefore our lives are protected by
these blood-cell-policemen, the phagocytes ,
and we enjoy immunity from disease so
long as our blood contains plenty of phago¬
cytes and red blood corpuscles.

"A new broom sweeps clean” — and in
order to put our own house in order we
must get rid of all the poisons in the blood
with a new broom such as an alterative
extract made from roots and herbs — with¬
out the use of alcohol, as Dr. Pierce’s
Golden Medical Discovery, a specific for
making rich red blood — for eradicating the
poisons from the blood. In some way the
policemen in the blood are increased in
number and strength — so that we are put
in the best possible shape to resist disease
—to cure neuralgia, colds, catarrh, and in¬
cipient consumption.

"The more study and time is given to the
subject the more we find that the blood is
the center of life ” — says Dr. R. V. Pierce,
the noted specialist of Buffalo, "the health
and comfort of the average person depends
entirely on this blood supply — for the heart
must have pure blood or it will not pump
and keep the body supplied regularly like
the beautiful automatic engine it is. The
nerves must be fed on pure blood — or we
suffer the pain of neuralgia, which is the
cry of the starved nerves for food. Head¬
aches, cold in the head, catarrh — and many
other things are due to stagnation of the
blood.”

Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets are a mild
laxative. No other medicine equals them
for gentleness and thoroughness.

HEN’S A MINT

a mint of money when she
o«.. go Luc right kind of food. HARVEY’S
CUT CLOVER HAY is the green food the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. Write for free catalog.
Harvey Seed Co.. £8 Ellleott St., Buffalo, X. Y.

It will pay you to use

“SUCCESS” POULTRY FOOD

We have given it 5 years' trial, and guarantee
every sack satisfactory. ThiBFuOdcontainsClover,
Meat and Linseed Meal, thoroughly mixed with
Corn. Wheat and Oats ground; putin 1001b. sacks
nt$l.75; 5 sacks, $8; 10 sacks, $15. Special offer for
two weeks: 100 lbs. Food and 100 lbs. Oyster Shells,
$2. Send us a trial order to-day.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

PP y LT n Ye^hiknege?n & J

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-*-,
jbators, Live Stock, Brooders — anything — X j
jit’s our business. Call or let us send youX
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the!

J asking— it's worth having.

jExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City, t

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQOOQQQQQQt

PMEARN POULTRY CULTURE

We can teach you thoroughly, successfully. Our
original personal correspondence course of in¬
struction Is Interesting, practical, costs but
little. A Sakk gitidk TO HKuiNSKRB, Invaluable
to old poultry raisers. We teach you how to
make any plot of ground, large or small, pay a
SURE DIVIDEND OK FROM 25 to 50 P. C. ON INVEST¬
MENT. Individual attention given each student. Write for
free booklet. Many Lucrative Positions Open to Graduates.
Columbia Sc hool of Poultry Culture, Box 8f»8,Watervllle,N.Y

GLOBE INCUBATORS.

Hatch chickens. No experience necessary.
Our large 200 page Illustrated Catalogue of
Incubators and Brooders and Poultry Infor¬
mation mailed free. Address,

C. G. SHOEMAKER.

Box 1020, Freeport, Ilia,

2f ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FfMCatalOg

THE “GEM” MONEY MAKER

MANN 5

GET
,vJ0RE
FGG5

fetches eggs ail winter. Sent on rv.

TEN DAYS’ FREETRIAL

No pay until you proveitcutseasier
anti faster than any other. Isn’1
that the fairest offer? Catalogue free.

A F. W. MANN CO., *

Box 15 Milford, Mass,

KOLD TRUSTY

Guaranteed for Five Years. 40 DAYS I

It’slncubator Johnson s pride*

He’s been through the mill.

Made 50,000 incubators and
then put out “Old Trusty.” It
took first rank first year. New
patents, great improvements.

He has tilings coming fast.

Johnson’s say is all in his big
Catalogue and Advice Book.

Send for a copy, it’s FREE.

M. M. Johnson Co., Clay Center, Neb.

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORSAND BROODERS

acknowledged by experts to be the
most profitable machines made.
Winners of 385 First Frizes. Write
tor free catalog with proof and val¬
uable information for beginners.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

alamazoo Incubators

Hatch more and stronger chicks than any
other incubator ever built.

SOLD ON TIME,

to suit your convenience. It won’t cost you a cent
to start raising poultry with a Kalamazoo. We pay *
the freight. No other manufacturer can sell on such
liberal terms because they haven’t got the machines
to back them. Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your
chicks. Write for further particulars.

Reed ManufacturingCo.,527E.Maln St., Kalamazoo, Mich.

60 DAYS FREE TRIAL

That’s the way wo sell the Success
Incubator. Wo give j ou an oppor¬
tunity of taking off two hatches
and thoroughly trying machine.
Send it back if not satisfactory.
Send for free, illustrated catalog.
AMERICAN BROODER CO.
Box 4$, Jiuclne, W is.

CHICKS THAT LIVE

get strong and healthy — gain
steadily in weight, are chiekn
hatched in Reliable Incubators,

The Reliable

provides automatically a constant I
current of odorless, warm air at a
uniform temperature— chicks pip, hatch and thrive un¬
der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and get
our 20th annual catalog— full of poultry information.
Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co., Bo* B- 101 . Quincy, III.

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live a
chickens too — that live and grow I
into money. Our catalogue tells of I
“Gem” features no other Incubator I
has. Writo for copy — it is free.' I
GEM. IN CURATOR CO.' j I

Box 424s ~ Dayton^, Ohio |

The Racine

Incubator

Built by the man
who devoted 23
years to its
present perfect
development.

Can be operated by any¬
one, anywhere. Ahto-
matic regulator, copper tank, white pine case,
double walled, nursery. Built to last 20 years.
Don’t buy until you read our remarkable
Incubator Book, written by the man who
made the Racine. When you learn what he
knows, you will want his machine, we think.
The book is free. Write for it. Warehouses,
Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul. Address
Racine Hatcher Co. Box 87 Racine, WIs.

...that are hatched in...

IOWA ROUND INCUBATORS

come in big numbers and are healthy
and strong. Anyone can see why if
they read our catalogue. Even Heat
and Exact Regulation do the work

right. Catalogue is Free , Ask for it.

Iowa Incubator Co 293 Locust St. DesMoinos

I

tells howtoniukemoney

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on ducks. )How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about Incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
w ho have been in business since
1867 .and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free*

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, Ill.

50-«gg size,
$4.50 and $5,00

HATCH EVERY ECC USED

Will it do it? Ask our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, R. F. D. No. 1, New
Hartford, la. ; Mrs. Erie Brack, Havensville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving those

£tyus™uut0- 30 DAYS’ TRIAL.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 3 3, Springfield, Ohio.

UP? EIDER'S FINE CATALOGUE

of Standard bred poultry for 1905, printed in colors,
fine rhromo, suitable for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. Gives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lice, etc. This book only 10 cents*

B. H. CREIDER, RHEEMS, PA.

9-

STRICTLY
'‘-AUTOMATIC
THROUGHOUT

Standard Cyphers Incubators

are guaranteed to hatch more and healthier chicks with less oil and
less attention In your hands than any other, or your money back. Ab¬
solutely automatic and self-regulating. Used and endorsed by 42 Gov¬
ernment ExperimentStations and by America’s foremost poultrymen.
Complete Catalogue and Poultry Guide, 212 pages (8xll.) more than 500
'illustrations. FREE, if you send addresses of two neighbors who keep
good poultry aud mention this paper. Address nearest office.

■CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.?Bu,T.;,^^’orc^rFV,ncr"oYofk|

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18,

1 34

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

My fairest child, I have no song to give you ;

No lark could pipe in skies so dull and gray ;
Yet, if you will, one quiet hint I’ll leave you,

For every day.

I'll tell you how to sing a clearer carol

Than lark who hails the dawn on breezy
down,

To earn yourself a purer poet's laurel

Than Shakespeare’s crown.

Be good, sweet maid, and let who can be
clever ;

Do lovely things, not dream them, all day¬
long;

And so make Life, and Death and that For
Ever,

One grand sweet song.

— Canon Charles Kingsley (1819-1875).

*

The country dweller should add to her
collection of sofa pillows some filled with
the leaves of sweet fern and bayberry,
which are now as popular as pillows of
balsam fir. Gather the leaves and dry
carefully during the Summer, then use
them to fill linen or canvas pillows. They
retain their fragrance, suggestive of the
sweet Summer fields, throughout the sea¬
son.

*

Grenadine carreau is one of the new
thin fabrics consisting of a transparent
grenadine ground barred with solid-woven
square plaid, all in white, printed over
with a delicate flower design in colors.
This material costs 45 cents a yard. Linen
is again to be a favorite material the com¬
ing Summer, but a readymade linen cos¬
tume may run up to an appalling figure.
One beautiful white linen costume noted
had a deep shoulder cape, which wras
strapped in front to give a coat effect ; the
cape was edged with tiny tassels and the
whole costume trimmed with bands and
big medallions of embroidery, drawn-work
and appliqued braid. This dress cost $55.
A skirt, waist and coat of tan linen, heav¬
ily trimmed with lace embroidery of the
same color was priced at $75. Charming
Summer frocks of soft, thin silk in light
colors and white — Habutai and louisine —
elaborately shirred and trimmed with lace,
cost $30 to $38.

*

We have heard women say that it is
wraste of time to put up preserves, when
any grocery will sell a nice little jar, put
up in glass, for 10 or 15 cents. We have
just been testing a 10-cent jar of straw¬
berry preserve. Tt has its analysis printed
on its label, as the law now directs :
“fresh fruit, 20 per cent ; apple juice, 30 per
cent; sugar, 15 per cent; corn syrup, 35
per cent.” This is certainly an improvement
over the mixture of apple, pumpkin and ani¬
line coloring, further doctored by coal-tar
flavoring and Timothy seed, which was
found masquerading as strawberry jam in
some localities, but it could hardly be re¬
garded as a substitute for the domestic
product. It possessed no strawberry flavor
whatever, and the syrup had the exceeding
stickiness of very stiff honey, combined
with a coarse molasses flavor. We shall
still remain loyal to our homemade straw¬
berry jam, cooked in the sun, and re¬
taining the rich aroma of the fresh
fruit.

*

A weird experiment in invalid dietary
is related by the Youth’s Companion. The
story was told by an old physician who
had practiced for nearly 50 years in a
small country town. One day he was sum¬
moned to a farmhouse, where he found
a woman in a high fever, and evidently
exceedingly ill. He said to her hus¬
band. who was the only other person in
the house ;

“Your wife is very sick and must have
nothing to eat except milk and beef tea,
but I want you to give her a cup of one
or the other every two hours.” When he
came the next morning and asked about
his patient, her husband said :

“That beef tea don’t agree with her,

doctor. It certainly don’t. She began to
feel bad as soon as she took it.”

“That’s odd,” said the doctor. “You
didn’t give her any little bits of meat
in it, did you?”

“No, sir, I strained it first on account
of the grounds.”

“Grounds !” roared the doctor. “What
did you make that beef tea out of?”

“Corn beef and the best green tea. I
boiled ’em together all yesterday after¬
noon to get the strength out. But it
don't agree with Iter, doctor. It certainly
don’t.”

*

Walking hats for early Spring are after
English models in rough straw — green,
brown, straw color and dull reds. Many
are trimmed with twists of maline the
same color as the hat, but more stylish are
bunches of flowers which do not approach
nature in tint, but harmonize with the
color of the straw. Sometimes, however,
they are trimmed with very natural-look¬
ing fruit. Such hats cost from $5 to $12.
The woman with a slim pocketbook need
not think, however, that she is barred
from obtaining a pretty and stylish hat
at a much lower price. There are plenty
of pretty hats of braids, maline, and
mousseline de sole, separate or combined,
that cost from $2 up; some need no trim¬
ming at all, others merely a rosette or
cluster of flowers. Some very pretty
hats of pyroxiline braid — which is merely
a sort of mohair with a metallic luster —
were recently noted for $2.50 in all colors
and shapes. They were very handsome in
red and brown. In planning for the
Spring and Summer wardrobe, and es¬
pecially in buying a hat, it will be wise
to arrange for a thoroughly harmonious
“color scheme,” as the artists say. In
other words, buy garments that will com¬
bine well. If you have a wood-colored
covert coat, don't buy a gray walking
skirt to wear with it, and if your jacket
suit is dark blue, don’t indulge in a
lavender waist or a purple hat. No
matter how limited the wardrobe it should
be selected with this idea in view.

Hillside Farm Notes,

I wonder if Charity Sweetheart or any
other readers of The R. N.-Y. have ever
tried cooking little pieces of codfish with
salsify? The fishy taste makes the oys¬
ter taste more natural. I have tried it
in soup, and like it very much. 1 have
also made escalloped oysters by cook¬
ing the salsify and codfish together till
tender, then putting a layer of the salsify
and codfish alternately with cracker
crumbs and seasoning with salt, pepper
and butter and adding milk enough to
moisten the crackers.

Charity’s letters bring back old times to
a good many readers, I fancy; and one
is divided, as of old, between a desire to
give her a good scolding and a feeling
of sympathy for her trials. Her letters
remind me of 'a somewhat eccentric but
wonderfully good-hearted old lady who
used to attend our Town Sunday School
Associations. She delighted in saying
something that would arouse antagonism
and bring half a dozen people to their
feet to remonstrate by the time she sat
down. She always succeeded in bringing
out the truth she wanted, to impress on
Sunday School workers by presenting the
other side. I often wonder if Charity
does not intend to hit both sides. Her
letters certainly stir one up, and are al¬
ways interesting. I am glad she has
taken up her pen again, emma l. bliss.

He that knows not and knows not that he
knows not is a fool — shun him ;

He that knows not and knows that he knows
not is simple — teach him ;

He that knows and knows not that he knows
is asleep — rouse him ;

And he that knows and knows that he knows
is a wise man — follow him. — From Th»
Arabic.

Farm Fare in Michigan.

The farmers’ table in Michigan is much
better supplied than the average town
dweller’s. Vegetables, fruit, pork, milk,
potatoes, beans, eggs and poultry are pro¬
duced on the farm, and no money estimate
is placed on what is used. It is possible
to get a meal of clean, nourishing food
of good variety without drawing on paper
bags or tin cans. The writer has lived
in a suburb of a big city and bought
provisions for a large family, and she
sees a vast difference between buying at
retail and sending to cellar or storeroom
for supplies. Last year I canned 400
quarts of fruit and used it ; the cost of the
same in tin cans from a grocer’s shelf
would have been enormous. In Illinois I
paid 25 cents daily for milk, which did
not equal in quantity or quality what one
cow produces. I have paid 20 cents for
enough navy beans to cook in a four-
quart milk crock, while here I do not
measure pork or beans, as both are “in
the house.” I do not think the Hope
Farm man has overdrawn the picture of
the Madame’s menu, or those who have
written of “One Day’s Work” have ex¬
aggerated the quality of food supplied on
the average farm, a Michigan woman.

The Bookshelf.

I he Common Lot, by Robert Herrick.
— lo work, t,o live plainly, to enjoy
simple pleasures far removed from the
restless luxury of the rich — these make
up the common lot, and the moral
strength of a great nation. Air. Her¬
rick’s novel deals with the career of a
young architect, educated by his mil¬
lionaire uncle, first at Cornell, afterwards
in Paris. He returns to Chicago, highly
educated, full of artistic sensibility, but
ready only for luxurious leisure. He
is prepared to live on his dead uncle’s
money, but not to do a man’s work among
men. But the dead millionaire, in life
a hard master, leaves his money to found
a technical school for the children of
workingmen, and his nephew must learn
to apply his education to the common
lot. Unhappily he loves ease and lux¬
ury, and soon learns that to be successful
in competitive business, he must do as
others do — trample under foot all sense
of honor and of pity, drive the weak
out of his way, and smother all instinct
of honesty under the profits of “graft.”
Finally he is horrified by the sight of
a burning building— a lath-and-plaster
shell, marked “fireproof” — which he had
designed, in which many lives are sacri¬
ficed to the greed of the owners. He
tries to make restitution; gives up his
Judas profits, and goes back to hard
work and plain living — the common lot.
It is a most absorbing story, which will
hold the reader’s attention to the very
end, but it deserves close study also as
a picture of one of our greatest national
dangers. As a study of contemporary
Chicago life, it may be called a coming
classic; anyone who has lived and worked
among the people of that city will recog¬
nize its actual truth. Published by the
Macmillan Company, New York, it is
now in its sixth edition; price $1.50.

Old-Fashioned Cranberry Pie. — An ex¬
cellent cranberry pie, which should be
made the day before it is used, is made
by lining a pie plate with a light paste
and filling with uncooked cranberries.
Add to this two-thirds of a cupful of New
Orleans molasses and three tablespoonfuls
of brown sugar and a lump of butter.
Bake in a moderate oven for three-quar¬
ters of an hour. If a small dough chim¬
ney can be placed in the center of the
pie the syrup will boil up in this and not
be lost. Another cranberry pie is made
of one cupful of chopped cranberries, a
half cupful of seeded raisins, mixed to¬
gether. Add to them a cup of sugar, half
a cup of water, a tablespoonful of flour,
a teaspoonful of vanilla. Bake with an
under and upper crust.

The Old Reliable

ROYAL

BAKING POWDER

ABSOLUTELY

PURE

There is no substitute

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

LAMP-FITS.

How do you know what
chimney fits your lamp ?

Your grocer tells you.

How does he know?

He don’t.

Do you then s

That’s about how lamps
are fitted with chimneys by
people who don’t use my
Index; and they complain
of bad chimneys ! Lamp-
Fits indeed ! Do you want
the Index? Free.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

WARMERS* LINES

so pimple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE.

Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Free.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC.
_ Meriden, Conn., U. S. A,

CO.,

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES

Build your own lines. Inexpensive
and simple. We will tell you how.
Book ol Instructions Free. C N 302

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

1 52 St. Clair St. Cleveland, Ohio.

Telephone
Facts

Facts are what the farmer wants,
whether buying a team or a telephone.
If you want to know bow others have
built successful telephone lines write
^ for free book 102. Our book F. 102 “Telo-
pbone Facts for Farmers” gives
the facts you ought to know about
Af telephones for farm use,

and whether you buy

STROMBERG-

CARLSON

TELEPHONES

or not you will be in pos¬
session of information
which will enable you to
buy the right telephone,
build the right line and
save unnecessary exper¬
imenting. We send it free.

Stromberg-Carlson Tel.
Mfg. Co.. Rochester,
N. Y., Chicago , III.

“ With its head in the clouds.”

PIKES PEAK

One of the most famous moun¬
tains in America stands about mid¬
way between Denver and Pueblo.
Forty years ago, it took as many
days to reach it as it now takes
hours, so improved are the trans¬
portation facilities. The

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES

and their connections offer fast
and luxurious trains with only one
change between New York or
Boston and important points in
Colorado.

A copy of “ America'sW inter Hesorts.” will
be sent free, postpaid, on receipt of a postage
stamp by George U. Daniels, General Pas¬
senger Agent, New York Central & Hudson
River Railroad. Grand Central Station. New
York,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

r35

The Rural Patterns.

The tourist coat fills many needs and
has come to be a general favorite for
various occasions other than motoring.
No. 4857 shows the latest cut and is well
adapted to the costume and to the gen¬
eral wrap. As illustrated the material
is brown cheviot stitched with silk, and
the sleeves are in “leg o’ mutton” style,
but all cloaking materials are appropri¬
ate, and, when liked, the full sleeves
shown in the back view can be used.
The coat is made with fronts, backs, side-
backs and under-arm gores, and is fin-

4857 Tourist Coat, 32 to 42 bust.

ished with a flat collar that is cut in
points. The “leg o’ mutton” sleeves are
full at the shoulders, plain at the wrists
when they are finished with roll-over
cuffs, but the full sleeves are gathered
into bands at the wrists, the cuffs rolling
over and concealing them. Pockets are
inserted in the fronts and finished with
stitched laps. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 4 yards
44 or 3 H yards 52 inches wide. The
pattern 4857 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34,
36, 38, 40 and 42-inch bust measure ; price
10 cents.

Russian dresses arc always attractiye
worn by little girls and possess a certain
smartness of their own. No. 4938 is em-

terial required for the medium size (8
years) is 3% yards 27, 3% yards 32 or
2-y& yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
4938 is cut in sizes for girls of 4, 6, 8
and 10 years of age; price 10 cents.

Children’s Shoes.

That many people suffer with corns is
due in great measure to improper shoe¬
ing in childhood. It seems strange that
parents will let a foolish pride stand in
the way of their children’s welfare, but
it is a fact that some intelligent people
put shoes that are much too small on
their children, because they like to see
them have small feet. We all like to
see well-proportioned feet that are not
too large, but pinching the feet with
small shoes in childhood will not neces¬
sarily bring about this result. I know
a woman who made her daughter wear
shoes a size too large for her all through
the growing period. Has the daughter
large feet as a consequence ? On the con¬
trary, although taller than the average
woman, she has very small feet, wearing
a 2lA shoe. Moreover, she has no corns.
It stands to reason that if the foot has a
chance it will develop naturally, and will
not be larger than is needed for the
weight of the body. On the other hand,
if tight shoes are worn, corns and en¬
larged joints will probably follow, ne¬
cessitating large and homely-shaped
shoes in after years. There is a popular
fallacy among some people — mostly wo¬
men — that too large shoes are just as
likely to make corns a$ too small ones.
Probably none of them ever tried it,
and it is simply a theory. I know a
man who was troubled with corns who
cured them all by wearing shoes a size
too large for a year.

To return to children's shoes: Given
the proper size, the shape may be all
wrong; they may be wide enough, but
too short, or vice versa. The shape is
very important. Too short ones will
double the toes under at the ends, while
too narrow ones will crowd the toes
together, and may cause one or more to
ride over the others. The child’s foot
is naturally small — almost pointed — at
the heel, and broadens out each way to
the toes, which are of nearly equal
length. Many children’s shoes are- very
far from this shape, but once in a while
one can find a make that is right. For
an active child who walks about, indoors
and out, a great deal, the soles need to
be quite thick, and it is a good plan to
have thin spring heels. The very best
quality of sole leather should be used,
and if the uppers are kept well blacked,
the shoes will then last a long time.
Shoes like this look clumsy, but if, when
the child’s shoes and stockings are taken
off, the feet are seen to be in their
natural shape and without any of the
red spots that show there has been
pressure, one can easily put up with the
clumsy appearance, knowing that it is
for the child’s good, now, and in the
future as well. susan brown robbins.

4938 Girl's Russian Dress, 4 to 10 yrs.

inently simple and is adapted to a variety
of materials. As illustrated it is made of
blue linen with banding of embroidery,
but is adapted to all simple childish ma¬
terials, wool as well as cotton and linen.
The dress consists of fronts and back and
is fitted by means of shoulder and under¬
arm seams. The fullness at the waist
line can be arranged in gathers or left
free, confined by the belt only, as may
be preferred. The sleeves are wide, full
at both shoulders and wrists and finished
with straight cuffs. The quantity of ma¬

NOT MEDICINE

Babies don’t need medi¬
cine — older children very
rarely. Better nourishment
will generally set them right.
Scott’s Emulsion is the right
kind of nourishment and the
kind that will do them the
most good. Scott’s Emulsion
contains nothing that chil¬
dren should not have and
everything that they should.

We’ll send you a sample free.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

MARK.

For Cupboard Corner

St Jacobs Oil

Straight, strong, sure, is the best
household remedy for

Rheumatism

Neuralgia Sprains
Lumbago Bruises
Backache Soreness
Sciatica Stiffness

Price, 25c. and 50c.

A world-renowned remedy for the relief
and cure of Hoarseness and Sore Throat
Exceedingly effective ; not injurious.

imitations,

[WET WEATHER WI5D0M!

THE ORIGINAL ia2

i\ ^OWEl?;y ,

SLICKER

BLACK OR YELLOW

WILL KEEP YOU DRY
NOTHING ELSE WILL

TAKE NO SUBSTITUTE?

CATALOGUES FREE
showin<Tfull LINE OF GARMENTS AND HATS.

A. J. TOWER CO., BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A.
TOWER CANADIAN CO., LTD., TORONTO. CANADA,

THE SEABOARD FLORIDA LIMITED

And two other daily trains afford exceptionally
fine service to all winter resorts in the Carolinas
and Florida. For resort booklets and informa¬
tion, address,

W. E. CONKLYN,

1183 Broadway New York

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

Wage Earners
P ay* V 011 . . .

m*

$$35 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

QITU LOANS fire secured
^ by mortgages on suburban
homes owned by ambitious
wage-earners, pa>ing all Inter¬
est and part principal monthly.
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY, We put
them within your reach, paying
5 p. c. per annum on sums iar^e
or small FROM DAY OF RE¬
CEIPT TO DATE OF WITH¬
DRAWAL. Conservative in¬
vestors will appreciate a plan
affording all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings A LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, New York

CIDER

PRESSES.

Investigate the1- Monarch”
Hydraulic Press before
buying. Special Con¬
struction, Added Con
veniences. Maximum
Capacity and Results.
Catalogue free.
MONARCH MACHINERY COMPANY,
41 Cortlandt Street, New York.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.
Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General^
Big protits for
agents. We want
an agent inevery
town Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
and a small prioe.

H. E. Hessier Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

Rural Mail box.

Ask Tudo-Mark.

rfrt/T’r VU Is Guaranteed to go twire as far
fnr it as paste or liquid polishes. X-Hoyfsthe

juru. O R I C I N A L Powdered Stove

Polish. It gives a quirk, brilliant lustre and Does
IV o t Horn Ofr. Sample sent if you address Dept. P
LAMOST, CORLISS A CO., Agts., 78 Hnd.on St,, Sew York.

▲ KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it at
0*en our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermomeiir 820,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of the larg¬
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the entire prod- 1
. ’ " ” ' ’ st r

uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro¬
curable article at a big saving ,we know we can satisfy you. lijl

LSend Postal for Free Catalogue No. 114

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with special
reference to long life and economy of fuel. * All
WF blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.

PAY Ail cook stoves and ranges equipped

_ _ * with patented oven thermometer.

TH L K save fuel and makes baking easy.

FREIGHT Investigate our offer and

save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

BUILD UP y<£r HY,tlth

*#W4***' StrengtK with

JAYNE'S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator

X for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

“T? - - -

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 18, 1905.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

(<) jcel orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O Box 289, 31-33 Vescy St. .New York.

Why Experiment, when Bradley’s Fertilizers Produce Crops Like This

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BE8T

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FRKK
For Houses, Baras, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In nse 81 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Oranjte. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INQERSOLL. 24B Plymouth St., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Ule WATER JaVt

without cost

other than the first price of a machine

Niagara Hydraulic Ham

costs less than a Windmill or an
Engine; requires no fuel, atten¬
tion or expense. Wherever there
Is a running stream the
Niagara will work automatic¬
ally flay anti night. Forces
water any height , any distance.
Used by U. 8. Government.
Free Catalog.

NlftgsrA Hydraulic Engine Co.. Cheater, Pa,, 142 NjiHR.au St., N. Y.

PHOTOGRAPH OF FIRST PREMIUM POTATOES

Mr. Chas. A. Evans, Sullivan Co., N. H., who grew these potatoes, writes as follows:

“ I am sending you two very good photographs of a BRADLEY PO 1 A I O EXHIBIT.
I have about six acres under cultivation in garden truck. Have grown 155 different varieties of
potatoes and MY EXHIBIT HAS TAKEN FIRST PREMIUM AT SEVERAL FAIRS.
I can vouch for any statement however strong concerning the excellence of Bradley’s Fertilizers.
I have used them for many years, also other brands, but have found Bradley’s to be the best.
My potatoes grown on Bradley’s have been almost free from rot. Hundreds have asked me why
I have been so successful, and what brand of fertilizer I used, and I never hesitate in giving
Bradley’s the credit. MY POTATOES WERE GROWN EXCLUSIVELY ON IT.”

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

You Buy the Best.”

STODDARD Combination

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold In every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

*5 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin fit., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. f.92 CralgSt., Montreal, P.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W .

Tenlente-Rey 21, Havana. Cuba.

The Hero
Feed Grinder

is the best which money can buy
for any kind of power from 2
to 4 or S-horse power, because
it grinds rapidly, making splen¬
did feed, table meal or graham
flour, has AMPLE CAPAC¬
ITY for 4 or S-horse power if
properly speeded, and WILL
NOTCHOKE DOWN THE
LIGHTEST POWER. We make 26 sizes and
styles, all of equal merit but varying capacity, for
all kinds of power and for all kinds of grinding.
Send for free catalogue of Grinders, Cutters,
Huskers, Shellers.Wood Saws, Horse Powers,
Wind Mills, Farm Trucks, Seeders, etc.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, Ill-
*»■■■ — :

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

First Prize on Bradley’s

Buy the Stoddard and

The Ever Re* £> t

STODD/ RD

M,

Gasoline Engine

Qj

o »-*

Hitched up in a moment to any i ^ ine on the farm.
Starts to work immediately. No lost time ; no needless
tinkering1. Always under instant control.. Quick, reliable
and absolutely safe. Accomplishes more with greater
ease and at less expense. Larger sizes for heavier work.
Whatever your requirements, Buy the STODDARD
and You Buy the Best. Write for Catalogue and full
information. Do not wait. Do it N O "VY •

STODDARD MFG, GO.,

Rutland, Vt.

BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS

American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State Street, Boston, Mass.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2874.

NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 25, 1905.

$1 PER YEAR.

GRASS MULCH FOR APPLE ORCHARDS.
Father of the System Talks.

During the past few years readers have heard considera¬
ble about F. 1’. Yergon of Ohio. 1 1 is apple orchard is never
plowed or cultivated, and is remarkable for the quality

of the apples it produces.

In reply

to many

who

have

asked what “grass mulch"

really means, we

print

this

article by Mr.

Yergon :

MULCH

MATERIAL.

' What

may be

used

for

mulch? Anything that grows out of the ground, if suf¬
ficiently decomposed so as not to be in the way about
the orchard, will answer a good purpose. Grass mulch
means not to plow or cultivate the orchard after you
once commence this system; leave it continuously in
grass. Timothy is not desirable. Mow the orchard
once or twice a year as the case may require, rake and
drop opposite the trees, place mulch around the trees
out fully to the drip of the branches (a little farther
is better) ; put on sufficient so that grass or weeds will
not grow through it; eight or 10 inches thick evenly
spread. If very dry and fluffy put it on heavier; it will
soon settle down. If the ground is im¬
poverished coarse manure is very much
better. In this case let the grass lie where
the machine drops it. It is surprising how
trees will grow if not permitted to suffer
for want of moisture; water is a wonder¬
ful factor.

ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM.

— Perhaps one of the greatest objections
to this system is, in the eyes of many, that
they cannot realize from crops in the early
history of the orchard, but 1 believe there
is no other way so successfully to get the
land back to its primitive condition ; rich,
porous and full of humus. It should be
remembered, if the location is a good one,
rich orchard land, you are laying the
foundation for an orchard that will last
for generations, if this system is adhered
to. It is true that trees can be grown
quite successfully by the system of cultiva¬
tion up to 10 or 12 years old. By this
time the land is impoverished, the last
fiber is burned out of the ground; humus
entirely exhausted, and something else
must be done. The mulch system is quite
easily managed, and not expensive until
the trees are 10 or 12 years old. After
this the expense increases with growth of
the trees. Fortunately the revenue in¬
creases as well. This is easily understood. As the trees
grow larger the territory to mow decreases, and the ter¬
ritory to mulch increases ; consequently a large portion
of the mulch must come from some other source than
the orchard.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE. — The greater part of
my orchard was 10 years old last Spring, planted 35 feet
each way on rolling table land : frost drainage good.

I his territory was a beautiful Blue grass pasture. I
had grazed it with Short-horn cattle 35 or 40 years.
1 am glad to say this same grass still grows in the
orchard. It was never plowed up, and we are out of
the mud and dirt, year in and year out, in doing all the
orchard work, which is a very great item in comfort and
pleasure. With this system the trees have made uni¬
form strong growth each year from the time they were
planted. With some of the varieties that grow fastest
and spread most the branches in many places are within
a foot or two of coming together between the trees;
this means a spread of about 35 feet on trees 16 years
old last Spring. I believe this to be a remarkable
growth. Of course many of the slower-growing varie¬
ties will not shake hands for many years. To supply
the necessary mulch we seeded 20 acres of bottom land
to Mammoth clover, which yielded at lea$t three tons

per acre, and was all used for mulch last Summer. In
addition I bought the straw of nearly 100 acres of heavy
grain for the same purpose, and completed the mulch
business where most needed ju t before Winter set in.
This is somewhat expensive, but the work on the
ground, except clipping, letting grass lie where it is
cut, is done for some years. After all, it is certainly
cheaper than to cultivate «every season; plow, cultivate
and harrow all Summer; in the Fall seed with some
catch crop, that very often does not catch, and the
orchard is washing away all Winter and Spring. In
fact, it would be utterly impossible to carry on this
system with our low-headed trees.

CINDERS FOR MICE. — To keep mice from the trees
we use fine cinders that come from slack coal (no
clinkers), one to ll/2 bushel per tree according to size;
mound it up in cone style at the base of the trees. It
is not a fertilizer, nothing grows in it; it is always clean
and does not wear out. A little wind or sun easily gets
the snow away from the little black cones, and gives the
trees a safe and comfortable appearance. I have not

lost a tree since we began using cinders. We tried
wire screen, which perhaps looks more plausible than
any of the many things that are suggested and used, but
this was not satisfactory. After placing it around the
tree, pressed into the ground a little, it looked all right,
but was heaved up by the frost an inch or more; just
right for the mice to put in their work. I cannot em¬
phasize too much the use of cinders. If I were not in
hauling distance I would have them shipped by the car¬
load; the cost is but a trifle. Rabbits have done us but
little harm. They seem to be contented in cutting some
of the tips from low branches of bearing trees. We
never pasture with any stock whatever; it cannot be
done without damage to the orchard.

ENRICHING THE SOIL.— As to the results of the
grass-mulch system, it must be apparent that the ground
is becoming richer all the time with the best natural
fertilizer (I will call it) for the welfare of the orchard.
We have a reservoir of humus all over the orchard, but
more especially under the trees, from the slow decom¬
position of the mulch on the under side. Especially here
is where the bacteria delight most to put in their good
work,' where it is always moist. Our orchard land is
underlaid with shale, but quite deep; has a good depth
of rich Joam by nature, with a brash red clay subsoil (no

gravel). Yet it has become so porous that practically
all the rainfall is absorbed in the ground. I am very
sure that the water never runs out from the mulch under
the trees, not even on the side hills. How different it
is with dust mulch, especially after droughts in the Sum¬
mer, when rain is so much needed. It frequently comes
in torrents, the ground is puddled in an instant, and the
water runs off almost as from a goose's back, and if
hilly or rolling (as usually the best orchard is), cuts out
gulleys and washes much of the best soil into the val¬
leys and streams.

EQUALIZED TEMPERATURE.— In the next place,
the temperature in a measure is equalized; the ground
under the mulched trees is never so hot in the Summer,
and never freezes much in Winter. It is quite possible
for the roots to be injured by very hard freezing. Some
time since I tested the temperature of the ground in the
heat of Summer, under the trees, with thermometers.
Under one the ground was perfectly clean ; the other
was mulched. In each case the bottom of the thermom¬
eter rested on the ground, and both in the shade of the
trees. I watched them for several days at
six o’clock A. M., one o'clock P. M. and
six in the evening. The temperature did
not run quite even, but the average was
two and one-half to three degrees cooler
under the mulched tree. I was quite sat¬
isfied with this experiment. Extreme tem¬
peratures are not best, and the escape of
humidity is conserved. These conditions
also hold good in Spring; the ground
warms up slower under the mulch, and
the bloom is retarded several days.

EFFECT UPON FRUIT.— Apples that
drop are clean and usually not bruised;
even the leaves are caught up in the mulch
in the Fall, and are where they will do
the most good. It is quite generally con¬
ceded now that apples color better ancf
keep better if this be the case. They are
of better quality also, and I verily believe
the trees are longer lived. I became fa¬
miliar with this system from my pioneer
days, clearing up the primitive forest. The
leaves, bark, rotten branches, etc., were
eight to 12 inches deep, and are added to
each year, as decomposition is going on
underneath ; a better mulch could not be
provided for the timber by any artificial
means. Here Nature has done her own
plowing for thousands of years. I have
never forgotten how hard it was to walk on this mulch
in the Winter, being heaved up by the little needles of
ice and fine earth, honeycomb fashion, underneath. The
ground was always moist and rich under this mulch. It
seemed to me this would be an ideal condition to have
under my trees. I am very sure with this system it is
possible for the trees to ripen annual crpps, and form
fruit buds for the next year. Under other conditions
the trees frequently suffer so severely from droughts
that the crop is not well matured, and fruit buds are
not formed for the following season.

CROP RESl'L PS. — Last Fall we harvested our elev¬
enth or twelfth consecutive paying crop annually since
1893 or 1894. I canxiot recall the season our crops were
frozen in June as hard as rocks, when as large as big
marbles. No human skill can overcome a calamity of
this kind. This section of the orchard that is in question
was 16 years old last Spring, and yields 10 to 20 bushels
per tree, sorted in the orchard, all handled in crates of
1’ j bushel (a tree can easily be measured), hauled in
every day and stacked up in our cold storage. Some
trees in the section of the old orchard, 45 years old, of
my own planting, have harvested 40 bushels and over
per tree. 1 hese old friends do not bear such uniform
crops any more, They can afford in their declining

GOOD FRIENDS ON A VACATION. Fig. 55.

1 38

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 25,

years to take a little more rest, as T am obliged to do
myself. Yet they are still doing very good work.
Younger trees are not always equally loaded with a
crop. Trees that excessively overbear and are not
thinned out, as they should be, are not likely to overbear

CROSS SECTION OF AKIN APPLE. Fig. 56.

the following year, and some varieties are not such
abundant bearers ; this accounts for the variation of
10 to 20 bushels on the 16-year-old trees.

F. P. VERGON.

WIRE AND CUT NAILS COMPARED .

Being a practical carpenter, perhaps my experience
with cut steel and wire nails may be of use to others.
I he composition of the two nails is not to be spoken
of in the same day. The wire nail, on being pulled apart
and put under a powerful glass, is shown to be full of
holes lengthwise, just as a piece of molasses candy is.
I find the smaller the wire nail the more porous it is.
I have reshingled many roofs that were laid with wire
shingle nails, where the nails were completely rusted
through at the end of five years on square pitched
roofs, and on piazza and shed roofs in as short
as three years, where the pitch was three and four
inches to the foot. I have had wire spikes, 30-penny,
rust out in four yearswhere driven into plank walls, while
cut steel spikes driven in like conditions were sound
three years later, and how much longer they lasted
I am unable to say. Our cheap jobbers, in Boston,
where 1 work, use wire nails, as there are a few more
to the pound of the same weight, but no reliable builder
uses them in his outside work. I find that all outside
work done with wire nails is very much shorter lived
than that done with the cut steel nails; I would say
from 25 to 50 per cent shorter. No farmer can afford
to use wire nails in any capacity; at best they are but
about two-thirds as strong as cut steel, and in places
where great strain is apt to come they are not as
holding by one-fifth as the cut. Our masons will not
work on stagings constructed with wire nails.

Millis, Mass. g. a. y.

Old Fashioned Nails Stand Forty-six Years.

I noticed your request on page 106 for experience
with the cut steel nails that were in use before the
steel wire nails came into use. Eighteen years ago I
shingled a new barn with the Jefferson cut steel nail,
which was considered the best nail on the market at
that time. About seven years later I noticed the shingles
coming off, and on examination found the nails de¬
stroyed by rust, only the head and about one-fourth of
an inch remaining. Since then I have been obliged to
go over the roof and renail it every year, and find where
I used the steel wire nails my roof is coming off right
along. My house was built over 46 years ago, and has
the same roof that was put on when built; there has
never a shingle come off except when worn out. Where
I have mended it I have found the nails in such good
condition that I could draw them and drive again, these
being the old-style cut nail. I do not think the timber
has anything to do with rusting of nails, my shingles
being pine on barn, and part pine and part cedar on

llOUSe. JOHN H. KUNE.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

Steel Nails Failed

On page 106 is a communication from J. M. Drew,
asking information in regard to duration of cut steel
shingle nails in particular. I am prepared to give facts in
reply to his question. In the early Spring of 1890 I
built a barn 40x54; it was about this time that cut
steel nails were being used and recommended by car¬
penters as being superior to iron, better, and not so
brittle. Of course, I took the suggestion, and bought
steel nails all around, large and small. I presume they
are all right for the large sizes, where they are kept
dry, but the shingle nails prove to be very unsatis¬
factory. In just 10 years I began to pick up shingles
around the barn that the wind had blown off, with the
head of the nail sticking fast to the shingle. The older
the barn the more they blow off. Sometimes I gather
up quite an armful and put them away, so when the roof

gets too much daylight through it I go over it and
put them back, and wait for another crop, which is
sure to come. The shingles I used are pine. I have
no doubt but what you will get a similar experience from
many others. d. l. angle.

New York.

Will Salt Water Injure Nails?

This matter of shingles and nails is getting to be an
important one in this section of the country. On new
roofs that have been built not over five years the shin¬
gles are blowing off one at a time, or occasionally in
large patches. Ten years ago I had a roof shingled
with cedar shingles brought from Maine. Steel wire
nails were then thought to be the best, and the car¬
penter who did the job used them. Five years later the
building was torn down, both shingles and nails still
sound. The nails were so tough that it was difficult
to tear the shingles away from the roof boards. Five
years’ use of steel wire nails on other roofs in the vicin¬
ity proved so unsatisfactory that the carpenters advised
patrons to buy cut nails instead. Many roofs were losing
their shingles on windy days, and the blame was always
laid to the wire nails. About that time I had occasion to
have another roof shingled, and cut nails were used,
presumably made of iron, but of that I am not sure.
The shingles were cedar from Maine, as before. In
less than five years they began to blow off, and an
examination showed that in some parts of the roof the
nails were rusted entirely off. Last Fall I had the roof re¬
shingled, with the same shingles turned the other side up.
The nails were so near rusted or rotted off that few of

F. r. VERGON, A PIONEER IN MULCII CULTIVATION.

Fig. 57.

the shingles were split or injured by removal. This
time I was advised to buy galvanized cut nails, pre¬
sumed to have been made of Swedish iron, as they
were malleable enough to be bent double without break¬
ing. 1 he carpenters about here are now arguing that
some of the cedar shingles that come from Maine by
vessels get so much salt water dashed over them when
piled on deck that this is the cause of the rusting
of the nails, whichever kind may be used. Some are
so sure this is the explanation that they will use no
shingles that have been shipped by water. Doubtless
much of the lumber used on the Atlantic coast has been
sprayed with ocean brine on its way to market, but not
all of it is as much exposed to the weather after it
goes into buildings as are the shingles. There is surely
need of an improvement in wire fencing, as I find a
great difference in lots bought at different times.

Massachusetts. _ a. w. cheever.

A FARMER'S RECORD WITH LIME.

I have been using lime, 14 years; I tried one load
first; having good results from that, the next year I
used 30 tons ; I have altogether used nearly 200 tons.
Before using lime the hay crop was very light; manure
seemed to do but little good, the newly seeded lasting
but two years. Since using lime I have fields that have
been seeded four or five years, which still cut the heavi¬
est kind of Timothy. My rule the first seeding is a peck
of Timothy and a peck of clover seed to the acre, cut-
ing a heavy crop of Timothy and clover for two years;
after that the clover rots, then the finest kind of Tim¬
othy for several years before reseeding. I use 50 bush¬
els, or about two tons to the acre; if land is very
heavy or clayey more can be used. Plow and har¬
row ground once; have lime well slaked; then spread;

sow grain, harrow in with grain. Lime is better not
plowed under, as it works down instead of up. The
purpose of lime is to sweeten soil that is sour, and
make hard soil mellow. I could not raise clover until
I used lime. Clover roots enrich the soil. Lime is
good for grain or corn as well as hay, but not for
potatoes, as it is apt to cause them to be scabby. We
usually draw our lime in Winter, as it is shipped from a
distance. The proper way is to have a platform of
boards a few inches from the ground, on which to
put the lime, as putting it on the ground causes it
to become sticky. If one lives in a lime country he
can draw as used, putting a bushel in a heap, as it will
slake quicker; if it does not slake quickly enough it can
be slaked with water. Where I have used lime, then
used manure, the manure does much better. I use ma¬
nure with crops one year, the next seed with lime, using
no manure. _ t. j. pomeroy.

RAW OR ACID PHOSPHATE.

Why not use fine S. C. rock or floats instead of acid phos¬
phate? I think I have read that it contains 50 to 60 per
cent of phosphoric acid, and can be bought for from $3 to
$6 per ton. Tell all about it and if the phosphorus will
not become available in time. b. g.

Shickshinny, Pa.

For much the same reason that you would prefer green
corn fodder to dry hard stalks, or green rye or oat fodder

to dry straw of these grasses. Yet, look at the analyses.

Pounds in a ton :

Protein Fat formers. Fat.

Green corn . 1.7 12 0.5

Dry fodder . 5 88 1.5

Rye straw . 3 46.5 1.2

Green rye . 2.6 7 0.6

Oat straw . 4 42 2.3

Green oats . 3 19 1.4

If you were to go by analysis alone the corn fodder
and the straw would be your choice, but you know that
the green fodder will make more milk, and you would
use it from choice. Why? Because it contains food that
is available to the cows. It is easily digested, the cows
prefer it, there is less waste, and we know from experi¬
ence that if we want milk we must feed digestible food.

Now the “floats” are chunks of S. C. rock ground to
a fine powder. Remember that this phosphate rock comes
from the remains of animals which died many years ago
in swamps or low places. Their bones have through long
ages petrified or changed to a form of soft rock, retain¬
ing their phosphoric acid and lime. These pieces of
phosphate rock are dug out of the earth and ground
fine — then being called floats. This ground rock is of
little more use for plant food than so much dust. It
might give up some of its phosphoric acid very slowly,
but our object in putting plant food into the soil is not
to keep it as long as we can, but to supply the plant
at once. In order to make the phosphoric acid in the
rock available the “floats” are cut or dissolved by mix¬
ing them with sulphuric acid. Thus you can see that
while the ground “floats” might contain 28 or 30 per
cent of phosphoric acid, after the sulphuric acid is added
there might not be more than 12 or 14 per cent in
the mixture, which is called acid phosphate. Yet this
smaller amount of phosphoric acid would be more useful
to the crop because it is available.

Why is it available? In the rock either entire or
ground to a powder, the phosphoric acid is found united
with lime in the proportion of one part of phosphoric
acid to three of lime. This combination is too strong
for the plant to break up. The finest of grinding will
not break apart this chemical combination, but the sul¬
phuric acid does so. It “dissolves” the rock by taking
away first one part of lime and then another, until each
part of phosphoric acid is combined with only one part
of lime. In this form the phosphoric acid will dissolve
in water, whereas in the floats it would not do so. Scat¬
ter the “floats” on the ground and under most condi¬
tions it would remain like road dust — still out of reach
of the crop. Scatter the acid phosphate, and being soluble
the phosphoric acid is carried all over the soil, where
it is prepared for plant feeding. You will notice on
many fertilizer tags mention of three different forms of
phosphoric acid; “insoluble,” “water soluble” and “re¬
verted.” The insoluble is the form in which one part
of phosphoric acid combines with three parts of lime.
The “soluble” is the insoluble form, “cut” by sulphuric

EVIDENCES OF EARLY SPRING. Fig. 58.

acid until the phosphoric acid combines with one part
of lime. “Reverted” means that this soluble form has
taken in one more part of lime. It is no longer soluble
in water, but is soluble in weak vinegar, which is about
the strength of the acids secreted by the roots of
plants. We would not advise you to buy “floats.” While
some farmers report fair success on wet soils or in
apple orchards we believe in using soluble fertilizers.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 39

FARM LABOR IN WESTERN NEW YORK.

The conditions surrounding this section are somewhat
different from the general run of farming communities,
as we have in our town three large canning factories and
another just beyond the town line. The Italian element
is becoming a large factor in this vicinity, coming here
first as laborers in picking peas, beans and berries, and
as soon as they have saved a few hundred dollars in¬
vesting in real estate. Furthermore, located as we are
here with several lines of railroad crossing our town,
only 25 miles from Buffalo and 20 from the great
steel plant, a large share of our American and German
young men drift to these places for employment, so that
to secure good American or German help is almost im¬
possible. A large factory some 20 miles from us is also
absorbing many of our best young men. The wages
paid in all these manufactories are much larger than it
is possible for farmers to pay. To illustrate, seven years
ago I had a young man, not yet 21, at work for me for
nearly four years. From circumstances that arose I did
not need him longer. He went to the factory, and has
saved enough to buy a lot, built a new house and is
nearly out of debt. The property is worth at least
$1,500. He could never have done this working on a
farm by the month. The wages for American and Ger¬
man hands by the month are about $22 to $25 and board,
lodging and washing. The Italian help is about $1 per
day and board themselves, and Italian women, 60 to 70
cents. Of course all picking is done by the bushel and
quart. At the present price of labor and the cost of liv¬
ing I do not see how it is possible for a man with a
family to save anything above just a comfortable support
for his family. Young men can save if they will, but
there are so many ways for spend¬
ing money that few of them save,
and but very little, if any.

I have considered this problem of
farm help for a long time, and it
seems impossible to me, with ordi¬
nary farming, and with the present
price of labor, that a farmer can
make or save but little at the best.

Of course as we are situated here
nearly all the land in this imme¬
diate vicinity is devoted to berries,
grapes and produce for the canning
factories, and from the increased re¬
turns per acre in favorable seasons
a good profit can be made. It seems
to me as far as this immediate
section of country is concerned that
there is no other way but to look to
the foreign help, and that for much
of the general farm work is utterly
incompetent ; still I see no other
way, only we have to do the best
we can with them, trusting as they
become more Americanized they
will improve and become a better
element, accomplishing more and
doing better work. farmer.

NEW ENGLAND FARMS .

Nearly or quite all the land in
New England suitable for farms is or has been used
for farming purposes; very little of this land is not
suitable for homesteads. If the State is prosperous it
must be a State of homes. There is no place in New
England where the old methods of farming can be prac¬
ticed zith success. Dairying — I write from an experi¬
ence of 40 years — cannot be conducted in a way that was
profitable 40 years ago. Then the general-purpose cow
was in evidence; “scrubs,” good healthy, thrifty cows,
fresh in milk, could be bought for less than the butchers
would pay for them as soon as they had dropped in their
milk below a profitable quantity. Then they were want¬
ed as fast as one could get them ready. The beef trust
spoiled the sale of such beef. Such cows as we bought
then are not to be had now. The present stock is of
the hothouse product; many of them will not take liberal
feed, much less be forced to give a profitable return in
milk or beef. To recount the changes that have been
forced upon the farmers would require more than a
single newspaper article. It is better to tell the home¬
maker of the few things he can do than the many we
cannot do. There are many acres unfit for the plow,
but ideal places for the apple ; no places so rough that
poultry cannot be kept. These two sources, of income,
if under intellligent management (no other will succeed
in any business) will furnish the means to support a
home. Fuel in such places is abundant, not in the shape
of coal ready for the stove. There is plenty of time
between fruit and fruit to prepare the wood. Wood
and water, vegetables and fruit, one or two cows to fur¬
nish dairy products, with fruit and poultry for money
crops; telephone in the house and mail box at or near
the door; all that will not make home; it needs father,
mother and children. There are some drawbacks; not
the least is the fish and game Jaws, The trout brook

that runs through his father’s land should be free at all
seasons to the boy. The Summer resident has built a
house that his father’s estate would not buy, making his
home look mean. When the migratory season arrives
there come with other immigrants boys of his own age,
dressed as he was never dressed. Their only work was
to seek their pleasure. They were there in the busiest
season for the farmer. Is it strange the boy, weary,
dusty, cheaply clad, suitable, to be sure, for his work,
should think there is a better place for a boy than on
the farm ? F.

THE DEWBERRY AND ITS CULTURE.

Several years ago I grew quite a number of acres of
dewberries; at one time I had as many as 60 acres. In
this section we find the dewberry more profitable to
grow than blackberries, as it comes off earlier, and we
are able to market most of the crop ahead of black¬
berries. In Delaware, where blackberries were grown
quite extensively a few years ago, dewberries are now
grown instead. Another of their special advantages is
the fact that the canes lie on the ground, and are seldom
svinter-killed. In size and quality it equals any of the
blackberry family, and greatly exceeds them in pro¬
ductiveness. The plant is perfectly hardy. The fruit,
which ripens soon after late strawberries, often within
a week, is from one to ll/2 inch long by one inch in
diameter, if well cultivated and not stinted for want of
nourishment. It is sweet and luscious throughout, with
no hard core. There arc a number of varieties of dew¬
berries, but the Lucretia is, so far as known, the best
of its class. If let trail on the ground they should be
well mulched to keep the immense load of fruit from

being spoiled by falling on the ground. The best way,
however, is to stake them, tying two hills of one-year-old
canes to a stake 2]/2 feet high. Our plan of cultivation
is to plant in rows three feet one way by six feet the
other, making about 2,500 plants per acre. Cultivate
both ways until plants get long and troublesome, and
then cultivate only the wide way, and turn vines to keep
the cultivator from tearing them off. If plants are
wanted tips should be buried about September with a
trowel, the same as blackcap raspberries. Leave vines
lying on the ground till all danger of winter-killing is
over, and then early in Spring, before buds put out,
stakes should be driven between every alternate hill the
three-foot way., The stakes should be 2l/2 or three feet
above the ground, and one hill from each way tied to the
top of stake. We use binder twine for binding. When
in bloom after being treated in this way it is hard to
imagine a prettier sight, and when in fruit under same
management it is the wonder, admiration and delight
of all who see it, and especially of those who have the
opportunity of eating it. w. f. allen.

Maryland.

THE AKIN APPLE.

I send a single specimen of Akin apple. Tt is planted
in some quantity for home use in southern Illinois and
Indiana. The tree is vigorous and healthy, with a tall,
upright, regular head of moderate width, and rather
dense. It has not been very productive here so far, but
is said to improve in this respect as the tree gets older.
The fruit, as you see, is scarcely medium in size, of nice
red color and regular in shape. You will find it very
fine in texture, very tender and brittle, very juicy and
rather rich, yet it lacks a little here. Its mild, refreshing
subacid is agreeable, and 1 think it should grade from

“very good” to “best.” It is comparatively a new apple.

Illinois. BENJ. BUCKMAN.

R. N.-Y. — A cross section of the Akin is shown at
Fig. 56.

MANCHESTER'S DAIRY NOTES.

“What is the matter with my cows? They all look
well, but they don’t give as much milk as they ought,
and I’ve had a lot of trouble with bad teats and caked
udders.”

We walked through his stable both in front and back
of the cows. They did look well, all fat and sleek, but
the manger of nearly every one contained quite a little
good hay uneaten. In walking back of them one could
fairly smell the cornmeal in the manure, and see that a
lot of it passed through the cow undigested. These
cows were getting mostly Timothy hay and cornmeal,
with some corn fodder. The fact is they were being over¬
fed on carbonaceous food, and were unable to handle
such a one-sided ration. This also was the cause of teat
troubles.

“Folks were complaining of my butter (I have a pri¬
vate trade) ; said it was off flavor, etc. I had noticed
it myself, but hoped others wouldn’t. T couldn’t for a
long time find any cause for the trouble, but finally
found out that the gluten feed I was using had a sour
smell and taste. I changed feeds, and have had no
trouble since. It makes a man irritated to have people
complain of his product when he doesn't know what is
the matter and is doing the best he can. People talk
about feed not affecting flavor of milk, but don’t you be¬
lieve it. Haven’t I had a lesson on it this Fall? Much
obliged for recommending those corn distillers’ grains
to use. I like them very much.”

Every few days lately we have
been having a hard cold spell, and
if one were unaware of it any other
way the shortage of the retail milk¬
men would tell the story. This
shortage is caused by one of two
things, either a barn not sufficiently
warm, or lack of plenty of water in
acceptable form for the cow. Sci¬
entific (?) men have said that the
cow did as well when she went to
the brook these cold windy days and
drank in water once a day, but don't
follow that practice if you can avoid
it. Most barns are none too warm
these cold times, but occasionally
we go into one that is shut tight,
where no fresh air comes in; mois¬
ture streams down the windows, and
even the side of the barn. Cows
need fresh air to do good work, but
not necessarily air 10 to 20 degrees
below zero.

“Where you feed grain all the
time you wear out the cows in a
year or two, and it costs money to
put new ones in the herd!” We
haven’t been troubled with this
“wearing out,” and there are cows
in our herd 13 to 15 years old that
have had grain, except possibly
when dry, nearly every day since they gave us their first
calf. We only see this wearing out where cows are
overfed, or fed on one-sided rations, and instead of this
“wearing out” we believe that cows fed on a balanced
grain and roughage ration improve from year to year,
and it is the only profitable way to feed the cow.

What is a balanced ration? A square meal was the
answer once given. It is a combination of foods in such
proportions as scientific inquiry and common sense have
determined supply in the best possible form all the
proper needs of the animal. Many have given the sub¬
ject little thought, or tried to balance their rations, be¬
cause they did not take much stock in them, or thought
they were an expensive luxury that they could not
afford, or felt their own inability to figure out such a
ration. Rather than being expensive they are usually
found cheaper to supply than one-sided rations. Be¬
sides, the animals do better, keep in better condition, and
turn out more product; in short, make more money for
their owner. After one has learned the knack of fig¬
uring out rations it’s a very simple matter with the
feed stuffs at hand, or available to make up a proper
ration. Two or three hours’ study of a good feed bul¬
letin by any man with a common school education will
show one how to do this work. Most of our experiment
stations have at some time issued such bulletins, and
if these are not available nearly all agricultural papers
are glad to receive such inquiries, and to furnish rations
for their subscribers. Before you find fault with the
cows find out what kind of a ration you are feeding, and
give them a chance. _ h. G. Manchester.

ST. LOUIS MILK. — The price of uncontracted m!lk In
St. Ixmis was 14 cents per gallon for January ; probably 13
cents for February and March. About 60 per cent of the
milk used in St. Louis is made in private dairies, inside
city limits. The city lias a very fair Inspection law. and
prosecuted a good many cases tor adulteration and selling
below grade. C. a. o.

Shipman, lib

A POWER SPRAYER USED IN WESTERN NEW YORK. Fig. 59.

See Page 141.

i4o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 18,

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Error in Deed.

A bought a $1,000 farm from B's heirs, con¬
sisting of widow and six or eight children.
The deed was written away from A's place
and by mistake his name was written incor¬
rectly. given names l>eing transposed, and the
papers were passed and the money paid with¬
out the mistake being discovered. Is the deed
all right and legal in Maine or not? If not,
what should be done? The papers have not
been recorded. g.

Maine.

The simplest way to correct the diffi¬
culty arising from the fact that the grantee
of the deed was improperly named, is to
procure another deed from the widow and
heirs of B conveying to A under his cor¬
rect name the same premises. As the
first deed has not been recorded, the cor¬
rect deed can be substituted in its place.
If the first deed has been recorded, the
error should be corrected by procuring an¬
other deed from the same parties running
to A under his correct name, which should
conform to the first deed and recite that
the latter deed was given to correct the
misdescription in the name of the grantee.
This latter deed can then be recorded, and
A’s title would he correct on the record.

Mortgage Tax in Massachusetts.

Has a law been recently passed in the Stale
of Massachusetts compelling the person who
holds a mortgage on real estate to pay the
taxes on the same? m. n. s.

Massachusetts.

Section 1(3 of chapter 12 of the Revised
Laws of Massachusetts of 1902 provide
that the amount of the interest of a mort¬
gagee on lands under a duly recorded mort¬
gage given to secure the payment of a
fixed and certain sum of money, shall he
assessed as real estate in the place where
the land lies, and that the mortgagor shall
he assessed only for the value of such real
estate after deducting the assessed value
of the interest therein of such mortgagee.
In this way it was intended that the per¬
son who holds a mortgage on real estate
shall pay the taxes on the real estate to
the amount of the assessed value of the
mortgage, and that the owner of the lands
shall pay the taxes on the assessed value
of the equity of redemption in the prem¬
ises. We understand this law is frequent¬
ly avoided by mortgagees insisting upon
having provisions inserted in the mort¬
gage providing for the payment of all
these taxes by the mortgagor.

Obstruction of Right of Way.

A man owns land adjoining a private lane
or right of way, or claims to own the lane it¬
self. He moves his fence so as to narrow the
lane, and moves the path to a new line, and
not in as good condition ; in fact, almost im¬
passable. What are the rights and remedy
of those who use the right of way? Suppose
one who uses the lane wishes to improve or
better the right of way or path, what is his
right and remedy as regard the other users
or owner of land? What is the law in re¬
gard to a legal action against the man moving
his fence? e. p. n.

Connecticut

If the lane was not owned by the ad¬
joining owner, but was a right of way over
which the public or private persons had a
right of access, then the action of the ad¬
joining owner in moving the fence, so as
to narrow the lane and change the path to
a different and less desirable place was
unauthorized. The parties having the
right to use the old lane may lemove the
fence as a nuisance, and use the lane in
the same manner as before the fence was
changed. The persons entitled to the use
of the lane may also improve it in the
same way any highway may he improved.
If the persons entitled to use the lane pre¬
fer they may maintain an action against
the adjoining owner who moved the fence
to recover damages for obstructing the
right of way, and may cause him to re¬
move the offending fence. They are not,
however, compelled to await the slow
process of an action, but may take the

piatter into their own hands.

Breach of Dairy Contract.

A rents a farm from R for a term of
years, paying so much per cow. There are to
be from 18 to 22 cows. B is to have his rent
from the factory, having two-thirds (ill the
rent. Is paid. Factory runs from about the
first of May till first of November. B is to

When you write advertisers mention The SHRUBS AND PLANTS

furnish bull. The first year B furnished bull
that he knew was no good, and was repeat¬
edly told by A of the fact. B refused to do
anything. This year, out of 20 cows, three
heifers will probably give milk in April, four
cows in July or later, two farrow, and It is
not known whether the remaining 11 are
coming in or not. All of the cows are nearly
dry now; 10 give about half a pail of milk
once a day. As A can hardly make a living,
say nothing of rent on the farm, he wishes
to leave this Spring. What can B do about
It? If A stays what should lie do?

New York. p. h. m.

If B committed a breach of his contract
with A by failing to furnish the bull as
agreed, then A would be entitled to re¬
scind the contract of lease and surrender
the farm. If B thereafter sued A for rent
A could set up the breach of the contract
by B. Whether or not a breach of the
contract has in fact been made by B is, of
course, a question of fact to be determined
on the evidence. From the facts stated
it might well he that A would have great
difficulty in proving that B committed
such a breach of the contract as to entitle
A to rescind. This difficulty would arise
solely from the peculiarity of the facts
stated ,and A’s success would depend upon
his ability to prove that B deliberately fur¬
nished an animal which he knew was in¬
sufficient for the purposes of the contract.

R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY

Catalog Free. Kevltt's Plant Farm, Athenla.N. J

KNIGHT’S FRUIT
PLANTS.

Strawberries Raspberries Blackberries

Millions of them as fine as ever grew. We grow
the best in all the choice varieties Our Price
is Low. Catalogue free. Don't fail to send
for It. DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Sawyer, Mich

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of t he most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200,000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, verv cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
lied and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHA8. BLACK, Hightstown, N.J.

THE WARI> is a very strong grower, perfectly
hardy (in New Jersey) the fruit black through¬
out and very prolific. For price list address,

DAVID BAIRD & SON, Baird, N.J.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie, 8plendid, Clyde, Barton’s Eclipse, Sample,
Nettle. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R.S, JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley,Del.

CUT IliLTES.

We market at half regular prices the surplus stock
of the largest nurseries in New England, long famed
for producing the hardiestand choicest shrubs. The
variety is large, but the stock is limited. As long as
it lasts we will ship to you well packed:

12 shrubs, your selection, IS 1.7 5
25 “ “ “ $3.00

lOO “ “ “ $12.00

lOO finest liardy perennials, $10.00
Send for lists, including plans for arrangement.
NEW ENGLAND NURSERY AGENCY,
Milk Street, Roston, Mass*

12 Roses SS» for 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Kalscrln,
Btoile de Lyon, Marquise De Querboent, Marie Van
Houtte. and others of equal value; all labelled. All
grown on fchelr own roots. This is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. W. R. GRAY,
Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax County, Va.

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

AULIFLOWER SEED

KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

Barbed Wire in Cement Posts.

L. 8., Jamestown, N. Y. — On page 341 W.
W. Stevens recommends using wire to give
strength (o cement posts. Would it be ad¬
visable to use wire in the same way to
strengthen a cement wall? Would second¬
hand iron rods or pipe he better than wire?

Ans. — We would prefer common barbed
wire for strengthening posts, walls, silos,
etc., to anything else. The barbs act as
anchors and there is no pulling a post
apart when there are four or five strands
of the wire run the length of same, even
if the post should be broken. We would
use the galvanized wire, hut being enclosed
in the cement doubtless other wire would
lie just as good, as air could not get to it
to corrode and rust. w. w. stevens.

FEEDING LAMBS FOR GROWTH.

1 have some lambs from three weeks to
three days old. I want to push them as rap¬
idly as possible. I have cornmeal (rather
coarse), bran and linseed meal. Will you give
me the proportions of eacli in a mixture by
measure, also the proper amount of the mix¬
ture to feed by measure? n. t.

The first and most important thing to
develop the lambs is their mother’s milk.
That this may be abundant, feed the
ewes in the same way, and in the same
sorts of feed one would give to a milch
cow from which he wanted a large mess.
Take one bushel of cornmeal, one bushel
of bran, one peck of linseed meal and
mix all together. If the corn is only
cracked the lambs will relish it all the
better. I would not feed them “cob
meal.” Have a trough the lambs can run
to, where the sheep cannot get in. Cover
it with a board so they cannot put their
feet in it. Put in a little sprinkling of the
mixture to which at first may be added
a little salt. As soon as the lambs begin
to eat, put feed in this box three times
a clay, being sure to take out any that
is left from the previous feeding. This
is very important, as they will not do
well if new feed is put on the top of the
old. This taken out will not he wasted,
as the ewes will eat it. What they will
eat each day will he the measure of
what they need. There is no fear of
their eating too much, if they have access
to plenty of salt and water. Then they
should have some of the best early-cut
clover or fine hay, observing the same
rules as with the grain. A few turnips
or other roots cut fine will also be re¬
lished. Don’t let the lambs have much of
a run, as they will exercise off much of
their fat. If they arc thrifty they ought
to gain at least five pounds a week. I
don’t know the market for which they are
designed, but if they are fat and weigh
40 to 45 pounds, that is heavy enough.
No market will pay as much for Winter
lambs up to Faster as New York City.
They can he “hog-dressed” and sent
there by express wrapped in muslin for
from $1 to $1.50 per 100 from 400 to 500
miles. E, VAN ALSTYNE,

Oft V A R I PTI PQ STRAWBERHY PLANTS *2.00 and up
OU f All I L I ICO per 1,000. JSend postal to-day foi 1905
Catalogue of Fruit. H. W. HENRY, LA PORTE, INDIANA.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The bestshipping and sellingtomaio ever introduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or $1.00 per oz., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandanch, L. I., N. 'it.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

have certain grades and varieties of Japan Plums.
Fears, Peach, Apple and Sour Cherry in sur¬
plus, and until same is reduced will quote special
price. When you write name what you want, in
variety and grade you can use. Catalogue free.

It. 3, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

MY COLLECTIONS of Small Fruit Plants
Cheap. Send for prices and catalog.

W. L. MUSSELMAN, New Carlisle, Ohio

PEDIGREED PEACH TREES . .

New Fruits an<l Berries— Low Prices.
Everything for the Fruit Grower. Catalog FREE
LINDSLEY’S NURsERIES, Whitehouse.N. J.

Save Money on Fruit Plants

Strawberry Plants, $1.75 to $3»'

All Kinds of Small Fruit Plants.

Seed Potatoes, $2.50 to $3 bbL

8peclal prices on a quantity.

Satisfaction Guaranteed. Catalogue Free.

O. A. E. BALDWIN,

Oak Street, Bridgman, Mich

DON’T BUY

Trees until
you see our

1905 Cata’og of C2 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY

K. P* H. No. 6. Newark, New York

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Ever blooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,

Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

JOS. 11. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

A\ I p— Czar of Russia Oats:
■ x OM Li Ei Durham BullCalf, four
months old; Heifer most three years; Alpha DeLaval
Separator Baby No. 1. CHAS. MARSH, Valois, N. Y.

CLOVER SEED

Mammoth, Medium. A Isike, Timothy. True to name,
clean and pure. Direct to farmers.

The O. C. SHEPARD CO., Medina, O.

REYNOLDS and CATHERINE,

new strawberries I am introducing should be tested
by all fruit-growers. Send for froe 24 page catalog,
describing 65 varieties at the lowest prices. 12 Su¬
perior, Texas or Fairlield plants mailed Aprillst. for
five 1 -cent stamps and names and addresses of live
fruit-growers. Send names at once.

W. ,*3. TODD, Greenwood, Del.

5,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS

of all leading varieties, new and standard, price
$1.75 per M, safe delivery guaranteed. Our plants
are shipped to all parts of’ the country. A customer
says: “'The 6.600 Strawberry Flants received in best
coi dltion, good roots, plants are growing nicely."
D. R. Qrigg, Greenville, Ill. Our stock of Plants is
the best in the world Wholesale and retail illus¬
trated Catalog free. Write to-day and nave money.
Address, W. 3. PERDUE & SONS,

Box 115, Parsonsburg, Maryland.

SEED CORN

Hulst’s Improved Eight Rowed Yellow

This seed has been taken for the last four years
from stalks having two good matured ears, and the
best oars taken; was cut up and well matured long
before the first frost. Stouts in the best part of the
field yielded at the rate of 110 bushels shelled corn
per acre. Seed from carefully selected oars, and tips
shelled off by hand; price $1.50 per half bushel. $2.00
per bushel of 56 lbs, : bags free. Address
PETER D. HULST, Billings, Dutchess Co., N. Y,

ASPARAGUS;; RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

WANTED FARMERS to plant for us 200 bushels
of early potatoes for Seed. Good cash price
paid. Variety a heavy yielder. Cow Peas. Crimson
Clover Seed and a general line of nursery stock For
Sale. MILFORD NURSERIES CO., Est. 1870.
1921 South 17th Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

SEED OATS for sale, National, 20th Century and
Big Four. All best standard white varieties.
Very large yleldcrs, have stiff straw and are homo
grown. Thoroughly recleaned and sacks free. Our
prices are right. Send for circular.

BALLOU BROS., Millington, Ill.

Rathbun & Wilson Jr. and

Lucretia Dewberry Plants

and Strawberry Plants

at $1.50 and $2.00 per 1.000. I will sell 3,000 Rathbun
Root Cuttings for $24.00. My Catalogue will tell you
how to plant them, 1 am headquarters for first class
stock. D. W. MOSLEY, Dover, Del.

Strawberries

Grown by the pedigree sys¬
tem. Biggest and Best
Berries, and lots of them.

$2.00 a 1,000

and Upwards.

Strawberry plants by the
1,000, 000, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries,
r Currants, Grapes. All the
good old and many choice new
varieties. Illustrated, descrip-
- tive catalogue giving prices and
Y telling how to plant and grow them.
Free to all. For 30 years a small fruit
specialist. 250 acres in berries.

■ _ i M I

NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY _

FRUIT TREES and SMALL FRUIT PLANTS

We offer 50,000 heavy grade Peach; large stock commercial sorts Apple, Nut Trees. Chestnut Scions, etc.

Get our Planters’ Price List bofore placing order. Catalog free. _ _ __

- 3 PATTERSON NURSERY CO., Stewartstown, Pa.

THE

FRUIT TREES

— Our Wholesale Surplus list
sent free with our new catalog.
You will iniss some of the best

values we ever offered if you do not send for it.

Box 122 XX. S. Wiloy * Son

Cnyxiga, NVY-

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES.
SHRUBS . VINES & ROSES.

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue FREE,
on request, T. J. DWYfSR & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, New York-

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

i4i

ANOTHER POWER SPRAYER.

The picture on page 139, Fig. 59, show9
a machine used by J. H. Teats & Sons,
of Wayne Co., N. Y. The picture shows
the rig complete as turned out ready to
go to work. The price complete, ready to
set on the wagon, is $ 2 5. It is claimed
for it that “the engine runs and the sprayer
sprays”; that the engine is fastened to
the platform in a secure manner and is
entirely enclosed, thus preventing contact
with and damage by the spray. The engine
is connected with a mixer which keeps
the solution always properly mixed. The
platform on which operators work ex¬
tends over entire length of wagon.

_ J. e. c.

STAND BY THE SILO.

We are told that the success of the rich
man depends not so much on his ability
to make money as it does on his ability to
save that which he makes. Now, does
this not apply very closely to the farmer?
A good many farmers make quite a sum
of money, yet at the end of the year but
very little remains, and much of this
money-spending is accountable to the
tendency of the American farmer for a
“change.” The farmer reads of some one
who has made money in some particular
branch of farming (the branch for which
that man is no doubt particularly
adapted), or he runs up against some
promoter with a scheme to make much
money (for himself), and he hastens to
throw up his present business, sacrificing
much on his equipment, and spending a
considerable sum to start in the new
venture, which is very liable to be worse
than the first. We have an illustration
of this being worked out at present in our
own town. The agricultural press and
the farmers’ institutes, etc., have been lab¬
oring for years to induce the farmers to
build silos, and now the great majority
of them have done so. This section is in
the zone of the milk shipping stations,
and while New York milk dealers have
stations at nearly every depot, still the
farmers, at a cost of several thousand dol¬
lars each, have built stations of their own,
intentionally to break the milk trust, but
really in most cases to avail themselves of
the opportunity to sell to some “fake”
concern that cheats them out of their milk.

Those who have produced and sold their
milk in a rational business way, that is,
produced it at the least cost and sold it
to reliable dealers at fair prices, have
steadily prospered ; but those who have
jumped to buy all kinds of fake cow foods,
the waste product of various mills and
factories, things that ought to go to the
compost heap, and have neglected their
cornfields, and those who have discovered
that their pet “trust buster” is also a
farmer buster, are looking for new fields
in which to sow what little they have
already saved.

A nearby town got the “boom” fever
a few years ago, and they have been sell¬
ing building lots and inducing manufac¬
turing concerns to locate with them at a
great rate. The manufacturer usually
stays about six months, but cases have
been known of their lasting a year or two.
The latest one to strike the town is a
milk-bottling works. The milk must be
produced without silage or any fermented
food, and must be cooled to 40 degrees
and must contain at least four per cent of
butter fat. This means that the farmers
who are now furnishing three per cent
milk from their black and white cows
must change their breed of cattle, and that
they must also abandon their new silos
and milk-shipping stations. The men in
town who wish to sell building lots along¬
side the bottling works tell the farmers
that silage is a delusion, and that they can
produce better and cheaper milk without
it, and of course a hotel-keeper or a bank
cashier knows more about dairying than
the president of an agricultural college, so
the farmers conclude that the silo venture
was a mistake, and hope that when they
feed their skim-milk cows on high-priced
mill feed that they will give four per cent
milk, and gaily sign the contract with the
bottling man. When this last change was

proposed, I began to look up this question
of the cheap production of milk, and I ran
against Bulletin No. 155 of the Ohio Agri¬
cultural Experiment Station on "Silage
vs. Grain for Dairy Cows.” Ten cows,
representing five different breeds, were
fed these rations from two to four months.
The cows fed the silage ration produced
96.7 pounds of milk and 5.08 pounds of
butter fat per hundred pounds of dry
matter. The cows fed the grain ration
produced 81.3 pounds of milk and 3.9
pounds of fat per hundred pounds of
dry matter. The cost of feed per hun¬
dred pounds of milk was $0,687 with the
silage ration and $1,055 with the grain
ration. The cost of feed per pound of
butter fat was 13.1 cents with the silage
ration and 22.1 cents with the grain
ration, t he average net profit per cow
per month (over cost of feed) was $5,865
with the silage ration and $2,465 with the
grain ration. Milk from silage- fed cows
has brought $1.57 per 100 at the shipping
station this Winter, and from the above
figures we can readily see that milk from
grain-fed cows ouj^it to bring $2.38 to
render the farmer the same net profit.

New York. j. grant morse.

USE OF PERUVIAN GUANO.

Several Readers. — What Is Peruvian guano?
Is it a complete fertilizer?

Ans. — Peruvian guano is bird manure
mixed with dead bodies of birds. It is
found on islands off the coast of South
America. The most valuable deposits
are those found on islands where little rain
falls. In these places the guano dries, re¬
taining the nitrogen and potash. This
dried guano is dug up and ground into a
fine powder. Every farmer knows that
hen manure is a better fertilizer, pound
for pound, than any other manure on the
farm. A small handful of hen manure in
a hill of corn will often give a better yield
than a forkful of horse manure. Why is
this? The hen manure is more concen¬
trated and contains the liquids thoroughly
mixed with the solids. Horse manure con¬
tains a large amount of straw or other
bedding, and a good share of the liquids
have escaped from it. These liquids con¬
tain nearly all of the soluble part of the
plant food. Hens and other birds void
the liquids and solids together, so that
when the manure is well kept it loses lit¬
tle, if any, of its value. Now a good sam¬
ple of Peruvian guano is worth six times
or more as much as average hen manure.
This difference is caused by the difference
in food. The hen feeds mostly on grain
and vegetable substances, while the sea
birds live mostly on fish. Anyone can see
that there is a difference between digested
grain and grass and digested fish. Years
ago great quantities of guano were sent
to this country and Europe, the price
reaching $60 per ton or more. Most of the
deposits were exhausted, and the increased
use of other fertilizing materials, like
tankage, ground fish, nitrate of soda and
acid phosphate brought the price of guano
down to a point where importations under
the old system hardly paid. Now, with
discoveries of new deposits and reworking
of the old ones after some years of rest,
guano of good quality is again being im¬
ported. It should be bought only on guar¬
anteed analysis, and valued chiefly for its
nitrogen. It contains a fair analysis of
phosphoric acid, but like hen manure, is
low in potash. On heavy soils which are
naturally rich in potash the guano can be
used alone, but for lighter soils it will be
best to use 200 pounds of muriate or sul¬
phate of potash with each ton of guano.
When used intelligently either alone or
combined with chemicals the guano is a
useful fertilizer.

How Kill the Rats f — For the past four
months we have been overrun with rats, little
rats, big rats, bigger rats, biggest rats. The
cats catch them, the (log catches them, the
boy traps them by the dozen, but they are
here yet, and 1 don't see any prospect of get¬
ting rid of them. There is no house within
one-quarter mile, and I have nothing at house
or barn that I do not always have. I hear
of others as badly troubled. Can anyone tell
us what to do? Tf I use poison I shall kill
dog and cats. Please help us If you can.
One man used poison ; in two days five of his
neighbors’ cats died from eating poisoned
rats. e. u. a.

Massachusetts.

Sts J&JWtUCM€~f

RUBEROID

TRADEMARK REGISTERED

When you buy Roofing for your house, barns or poultry
houses, look for the above name on the label and on the
under side of the material, where it is stamped every four
feet. RUBEROID ROOFING was the first weather¬
proof and elastic Roofing made. It is to-day, as it has been
for fourteen years, the recognized standard ready-to-lay
Roofing. Nothing approaches it in durability. Weather¬
proof. Fire-resisting. We guarantee every yard of it.
Send for samples and Booklet K.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY

SOLE MANUFACTURERS

ioo WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK

OT/YTO

The World’s Greatest Potato Sections

have demonstrated for nearly thirty years the superiority of Asplnwali
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IJ’e>'.C“*Nw ASPINWALL IHFG. CO., / They

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Spray- ^ Sort.

Hr W I PUAURFRI AIM Proprietor of the Ohio Farmer Experi-
Ul • If i l> UnHIflOLuLAin, mental Farm at Hudson, O., after having
used a trial order of 200 last year has purchased 800 more Grimm Spouts,
equipping his entire sugar camp for the coining season. In this he follows
the example of Vermont’s largest and best sugarmakers. Learn the
Grimm System. Circular “CP* tolls it all. It and sample spout, free.
Save your trees, increase your income; one-fourth more sap guaranteed.

Address G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt.

Factories at Rutland, Vt., Montreal, 1’. Q. and Hudson, O.

* IF WE HELP YOU, WILL YOU HELP US?

I

F you order nMOOB It Vehicle from us and we furnish you with a vehicle that suits you and on
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, that anyone can give you. We will ship you any vohicle that you
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The Model Carriage and Harness Co. „

• 171 W. Sixth St. Cincinnati, Ohio

PRICE- EXPLAINED

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i42

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 25,

STRAWBERRY QUESTIONS.

I was interested in Mr. Walker’s straw¬
berry notes, page 21. The subject of rust
is so frequently mentioned that I infer he
has considerable trouble from this disease.
How about Bordeaux? I personally know of
Only one grower in this section who sprays
and he was led into doing so fully as much
by the rascally little lieetle (Faria) as by
fungus growth. Now, he is confident that
spraying with Bordeaux is all that enables
him successfully to grow the variety which
best suits him. Ten years or more ago, when
I brought up the subject, my strawberry ac¬
quaintances showed little interest, and de¬
cided that it was better to select varieties not
subject to disease, and get along as best they
could. I agreed with them and fell into line,
but at present I am not so sure, and am seri¬
ously considering a trial of Bordeaux the
coming season. I should be glad to hear of
the experience of any commercial grower who
makes a practice of spraying, with sugges¬
tions as to the best method of application.
The paths are not the proper distance apart
to allow horse and wheel tracks, and knap¬
sack sprayers have objectionable features.

I think we must have some wheelbarrow
arrangement.

A few questions in regard to Clyde : At
the time of its introduction I tried this vari¬
ety two seasons, and discarded it ns a com¬
plete failure. Just as the fruit was ripening
the plant collapsed ; yet under certain condi¬
tions of either soil or cultivation, or both,

I know it has been successfully grown. I do
not understand myself just what these re¬
quirements are, and my interest in the matter
was aroused only by a mistake of last Spring
in setting out quite a large number of Clyde,
believing they were another variety. It was
too late when discovered to make any change.
They grew well, and are not matted very
thickly. The soil is heavy rather than light,
not mucky, works up well, yet is not easy
to care for. It is well enriched with both
stable manure and chemicals, aud 1 do not
propose to apply anything this Spring unless
nitrate of soda to the Clyde to produce more
foliage. Yet this tender foliage resulting
from soda is very susceptible to disease, and
T think part of the trouble with Clyde is,
what: foliage it has is very apt to be un¬
healthy. Can I do anything to help these
Clyde pull through? B.

Massachusetts. _

Lincoln Coreless Pear.

C.. E. H., Enders, Pa., asks on page 70,
for information regarding Coreless pear. I
planted one tree about four years ago, and
last year it bore about, one dozen pears. It
is true it is seedless and coreless, and I might
say, also worthless. I pulled them from tree
in November and kept them until December ;
they were then about like a Kieffer half
grown and half ripe ; I could not eat one for
pay. w. F. w.

Nandua, Ya.

Mr. Van Deman hit the nail square on the
head when he gave a description of the Lin¬
coln Coreless pear, lie might have called it
a humbug and got it right, for I have had
some experience with if myself. I top-grafted
several trees with it to find it worthless,
good for nothing: the worst pear I ever had
anything to do with. G. s. c.

New London Co., Conn.

Questions in Greenhouse Construction.

B. F. F., (No Address). — In a greenhouse
for lettuce set. on the ground (no benches)
where should the pipe be, on the ground or
above the lettuce? How high above the
ground? Is double thick glass warmer and
better than single?

Ans. — The heating pipes in a green¬
house to be used for forcing lettuce should
he placed above the ground and preferably
not nearer than six inches above the sur¬
face of the soil. Supposing a hot water
system to be used for heating, and the
flow pipe to start in the house at a dis¬
tance of six inches above the ground, it
would reach a height of IS inches from
the ground at the extreme end of a house
100 feet long, allowing the usual rise of
one foot in one hundred. There is no
material difference in the warmth of a
house glazed with double-thick glass in¬
stead of single thick, provided that the
glazing is equally well done in each case,
but the advantage of using the extra thick
glass lies in its greater strength, thus min¬
imizing the amount of breakage and con¬
sequent cost of repairs, much single thick j
glass being broken each year by frost and
hail. w. H. TAPLIN.

Bismarck Apple for Maine.

F. G. B., Bangor , Me. — A well-known
nursery describes an apple tree, the Bis¬
marck, and claims it will bear very young, and
grow very large fruit. Is this tree hardy
enough for this climate? Is it a practical
apple to set in open ground for an orchard?
The size cuts no figure except that it would
be all the more profitable, as one could set

SO many more of them on the ground. Such
descriptions are very misleading, and I lies!
tate to spend any money for it fearing a
“get-rich-quick” scheme.

Ans. — The Bismarck apple is being
quite thoroughly tested in our locality.
A few trees planted six years ago have
fruited moderately well, but we do not
find it either as early fruiting, or as pro¬
lific when young as the catalogue de¬
scribes. It is a large, handsome, late Fall
apple of very ordinary quality, though
excellent for cooking purposes. It is
worth a trial in a small way where late
Fall cooking apples are needed, but we
would not advise extensive orchard plant¬
ing with a view of profit until we know
much more of the variety than we have
been able to find out. It probably would
be hardy in your locality.

Pure Kerosene on Pear Trees.

•/. It., Glen Core, N. 5’. — On page 54 in the
article on Sprayers and Spraying, I notice
C. E. Blackwell mentioned using lime, sul¬
phur and salt on apple, pears, peaches aud
plums thoroughly, in March, and in Septem¬
ber sprayed again with pure kerosene and
still had scale. Will Mr. Blackwell say if
that is correct; that pure kerosene can be
used on peach trees in September, without
injury to foliage or tree?

Ans. — I find I did state that I had used
pure kerosene on peach trees in Septem¬
ber. I intended to say that I had used
lime, sulphur and salt on apple, pear,
peach and plum in March, but I used pure
kerosene only on pear in September. I do
not think the foliage of the peach would
stand kerosene, although some varieties
might. I have used Bordeaux on some
native plums without damage jo foliage,
while the same treatment killed most of
the foliage on Japanese.

New Jersey. c. E. Blackwell.

Customer: "How is it that the price of
a peck of potatoes remains 20 cents so far
in the season? I’d think the price would
become larger as the season advanced.”
Grocer: “It would, madam, only it’s so
much easier to change the size of the
pecks.” — Baltimore American.

When you write advertisers mention The
If. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page IS.

ROSE BUSHES, 15c. each

Large, strong, two-
year-old, field-grown
plants, nearly two feet
high with from four to
seven branches. Will
give immediate results
and bloom the It rst year.
Fifty kinds to select
from.

Send for our Hand¬
some 100-page Catalog
which descri bes all that
Is newest and best in
FtowEKs, Vegeta¬
bles and Roses. It Is free.

ELBRIDGE E. WHEELER

8 Elm Street Bridgeport, Conn.

High Class

Flower and Vegetable Seeds

F or years we have been striving to show our many
friends that we have a superior selection and
struiiis of Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

Arlington Tested Seeds

Are known to be true und will
grow; we have tested them all.

Now we want all who are interested
in seeds to have our 11105 catalogue.

It is new; it is iip-to-dute,
with the latest novelties
and specialties.

Before you buy we want you to
see it. If you will Bend us your
address, we will mail it to you Free.

W. W. IiAWSON A CO., Seedsmen,
Vi and lit Fam uli Hall Square, Boston, Hass.

BAKDEN, Field and
Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring a rl ey, Blue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Red Top, etc.

We can also oiler Feeding Corn, and Oats in car
lots track your station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.

115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

^ 1,000 and up. Catalog Free.

50 varieties
at 1#1 per

R. K. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Mich.

1,000,000 CLIMAX

and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to
name Send for price list and description.

JOHN W. GREEN, Rridgeville, Del.

The Most Beautiful

FLOWERS

fully described and handsomely
illustrated are to be found in the
Maule Seed Book for 1905. It cost
over $ 20,000 to mail the first edition
(each copy takes a 5-cent stamp),
and no matter how small your gar¬
den you need it. Everything worth
growing (either plants, bulbs or
seeds) will be found listed in this
great book, which will be mailed
together with four packets of the
largest Sweet Peas to anyone send¬
ing five 2-cent stamps. Address

WM. HENRY MAULE,

1711 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.

were awarded Two Grand Prizes,

the highest possible honors, at the St.
Louis Exposition. Our Catalogue, the
One Hundred and Fourth Annual
Edition, is by far the most complete,
most reliable and most beautiful of
American Garden Annuals. We are
offering this year the great

N0R0T0N BEAUTY POTATO

The Most Valuable Ever Introduced.

Full description and the opinions of
many high authorities who have
tested it will be found in our Cata¬
logue, which will he mailed FREE to
all interested in gardening or farming.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

SEED GROWERS AND MER HANTS,
30 Cortland t St., New York.
lUo years in the business.

60 Farmers Say DIBBLE’S SEED POTATOES

give them larger and better crops than those from
any other source. -400 bushels from 13 bu. seed.’’
“450 bushels to the acre." "They outyielded all
others 2 to 1.” “Your seed clean, vigorous, true to
name ” Above are extracts. The complete letters
from GO farmers in a dozen states published in
Dibble s Farm Seed Catalog free. It’s the catalog for
business farmers.

EDWARD E. DIBBLE, Seedgrower,

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

CHOICE SEED OATS AND BARLEY

Henderson’s Clydesdale Oats grown from im¬
ported seed. Large, plump and heavy yielder. 75c.
per bus., 5 bus , $3.50; 20 bu or more, 65c., per bush
Success Beardless Barley. Stiff Straw and large
yielder. $1.00 per bush 5 bush. ,$4.75, 10 bu. or more,
90c. per bush. Sacks free. AU seed thoroughly
cleaned and screened Free from foreign: seeds.
Samples free. This ad v will not appear again. Cash
must accompany order.

1). C. MoFHERsON SEED CO.,

Pine View Farm, Scottsville, Monroe Co., N. Y.

OATS AND CORN— For seed. New and im¬
mense yielding varieties. Write for circular.
THEO. BURT & SONS. Box E. Melrose, Ohio.

REST SEED POTATOES

■w A. G. ALDRIDGE, Fishers, Ontario Co., N. Y

GREER'S SEED OATS

Straw medium length, stiff and strong, Oats
pure white, heavy yielder, 65e. bu. $6.00 for 10
bus. Bags, 15c.

Monster Spring Rye.

$1.50 bu. $13.50 for 10 bus.

Early Excelsior Potatoes.

Two weeks earlier than the Ohio, and a better
yielder than the late varieties.

40c. lb. $1.00 for 3 lbs., postpaid.

For 10c. we will send a packet of the earliest
Tomato, Our TrojaD, and the new Giant Aster,
Alice Roosevelt, and our handsome Catalogue.

YOUNG & HALSTEAD

3 Grand Street, TROY, N. Y.

Innn nnn asparagus roots— The

pUUUfUUU Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-page
Catalogue. It is FREE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOORE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

ftDAQQ CCCn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
UnHg« wkkU Seed, BlueGrass, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats- Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me bear from you and your wants.
Address U. J. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Ohio.

BURPEE’S

SEEDS GROW AND
WIN MORE PRIZES

than the products of any other
brand ! Besides several Gold
Medals they won A Grand Prize
for vegetables at the St. Louis
Exposition.

If you intend to try Burpee’s Seeds, we
will mail free our Complete Catalogue of
178 pages, with beautiful colored plates and
illustrations from photographs taken at our
famous Fordhook Farms, the largest trial
grounds in America. Write to-day I

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

$1.2 5 worth

Flowers i

^ Roses in America.'1 To get ac¬
quainted with Flower-lovers every¬
where, we make this special offer: 43 flowers
worth $1.29, as named lielow; a check worth
29c on first $1 order; and our New illustrated Floral Quids
about Roses and 400 other choice flowers, all postpaid, 30c.
20 Pkts. Seeds
1 pkt. each

Mary Semple Asters, 4 col's
Alyssum, Little Gem, mixed
Diamond Flower
Heliotrope, mixed
Carnation Marguerite
Forget-me-not " Victoria '
Hibiscus Crimson Eye
Poppy “American Flag ’*
Phlox Drummondii
Pansies, 10 colors, mixed

Giant Verbena, mixed
Umbrella Plant
Double Chinese Pink
California Sweet Peas
Washington Weeping Palm
Bouquet Chrysanthemum
Japan Morning Glory
Petunia Hybrid
Roses, New Climbing
Lovely Butterfly Flower

23 Bulbs

1 New Begonia M Splendens " ; 1 Summer Flowering Hya¬
cinth ; 1 Double Pearl Tuberose; 2 Butterfly and 2 Hybrid
Gladiolus; 8 Fine Mixed Oxalis ; 2 “ Fair Maids of France’*

2 Hardy Wind Flowers; 2 Lovely Cinnamon Vines; 2
Splendid New Canna Lilies — 1 Pink; 1 “ Novelty.”

~ THE C0NARD & JONES CO.,
Box 4 , West Grove, Pa.

Grand Prize, World's
Fair, St. Louis, 1904.

A COPY OF

1905

j Gardenia Floral Guide j
Mailed FREE on Request :

' James Vick's Sons 301 MainSfRocmesterMi

—

SEED SOWERS^

c An and up. Booklet with Calendar free.

SEEDER MFG. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich.

GENUINE IRISH GOBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keeping qualities, this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed Is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl to be genuine. Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as it goes.

EDWARD RIGG, Jr., Burlington, N J.

RIPE TOMATOES IN JUNE

or early in July can be had from Fedder’s Earliest
Improved Large Tomatoes. They will average
over pj lb. each. (I had them weighl^j lbs.) They are
bright scarlet, smooth as an apple, will not crack
open, and will bear until frost kills them. 260 seeds
from selected fruit, 15c,; 2 packets for 25c.

HENRY FEDDER, 123 Grant St., Dansville, N. Y.

We have seen Mr. Fedder's tomatoes. They are all he claims. _

Ed. Vick’s Magazine.

FAD Oil C— CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50
■ Un OHLE bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3 .00 bushel. JOSEPH K HOLLAND.

Milford, Delaware.

*c imnrnvprl Sec°"d"Ci'°p potatoes the best bkki>

0 I 111 p I U I G U everywhere. 45 varieties ot Strawberry
plants good as grow. Asparagus Roots, Seed Corn, etc. Descrip¬
tive Catalogue FREE. J. \\\ HALL, Marion Station, Md.

SEEDS

SOLD ON MERIT. Catalog free.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed,

Ford Seed Co. Oeot.24 Ravenaa.O.

Eahhafro QqqH Long Island grown, Succession,
UaUUdgC OCCU, Flat Dutch. Early Spring. 75c.

per lb. B. E, GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

IN

I Choice kinds of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at 2 cents
’per Packet. Flower Plants, 5 cents each. Many choice
novelties. Don't buy until you see our New Catalonua.
Mailed FREE if you mention this paper. 8

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let¬
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price List.

J. E. H TTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

|0c for Forty-page Booklet

EXPERIMENTS IN FARMING.”

Something about alfalfa; strawlierry growing ; Rorghum as a
stock food; directions for laying cement, etc. Thirteenth thousand.

Address WALDO F. DROWN, Box 8, Oxford, O.

CEND

W “EX

400,000 GARDEN ROOTS Rhubarb, Garden Seed,

Jlowers, Roses. Catalog. W. X. Seurff, New Carlisle, O.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 43

WHY HORSEMEN PREFER COARSE
HAY.

Do you think coarse hay better than fine
hay for a driving horse? Why is Timothy
or other coarse hay better than Red-top or
other fine hay for a horse? F. b. i.

Massachusetts.

Stable keepers prefer feeding coarse
hay to fine because .the horses like it bet¬
ter; it is the sweetest, and the horses do
better on it; there is more substance in
it. Nice fresh Timothy is the best feed¬
ing on earth, and sells for five cents or
ten cents more a hundred than any other
kind. J- D. CARROLL.

New York.

Horses as a rule like Timothy hay bet¬
ter because it is coarse, and they like to
chew on it; another reason, it looks large
in front of a horse, really more than they
need, and it satisfies the coachmen bet¬
ter. If you give them Red-top or Blue
grass it does not look much in front of
the horse in the stall, but the majority
think they should have more when there
is enough for them. I kept horses in a
livery stable for 40 years, but have retired
from the business. j. s. ferguson.

New York.

When conditioning a horse for racing
purposes Timothy hay is exclusively used,
as it is less liable to affect a horse’s wind,
and for the same reason in England and
Scotland a great deal of oat straw is
fed. But as for myself, for sale horses
and horses that are used for work, I would
prefer an equal quantity of Red-top, clover
and Timothy mixed, as there is more sub¬
stance and fattening properties in such
hay. But for race horses, as I mentioned
before, I would use nothing but Timothy.

New York. j. f. gibson.

The only reason I can give for stable¬
men preferring a coarse Timothy hay, is
that horses prefer it, and will eat it up
cleaner and better than they will a mix¬
ture of fine grass and Red-top. They
will pay from $2 to $.3 per ton more for
it, when the range of prices for No. 1
Timothy hay is from $14 to $16. In a sea¬
son like 1903 to 1904, stable people
bought cheaper grades of hay, owing to
the fact that the prices of No. 1 Tim¬
othy hay ranged from $17 to $20. Most
of the stock hay that reaches this mar¬
ket is sold to cattle exporters.

New York. f. d. hewitt.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Cheese. — Full cream has advanced one-
fourth cent, and the market is more active
than for some time. Recent export business
has been comparatively light, prices being
too high for dealers in this line. Stocks
are being reduced to such an extent that it
looks as though a good share of the old
cheese would be cleared out before the rush
of new make is on hand.

The Potato Market is in bad condition
on account of the large quantity of frosted
or otherwise poor tubers on hand. Prime
Long Island is the only grade reaching $2 per
barrel wholesale, and very fair ones are go¬
ing for $1.50 and under. I saw a barrel
of good size which was bought at retail for
$2, variety Great Divide. It is possible that
after some of these low-grade potatoes are
worked off prices may advance a little, but
the present outlook is not at all encour¬
aging for those who have held their crops.

Victory for the Beet. — Some Michigan
importers of Canadian beets for sugar making
have claimed that they could bring in beets
for this purpose duty free as “crude vege¬
table substances.” The Board of General
Appraisers has now ruled that even an un¬
naturalized sugar beet cannot lawfully be
deprived of its inherent right to a correct
botanical classification, no matter for what
purpose it may be used or how thoroughly
its identity may be destroyed afterward, and
the importers must pay the 25 per cent duty.

Egos. — The high prices asked have gone
above the ,Jmit of a good many buyers, and
trade hr , been cut down accordingly. It is
a mistake to raise the price on all grades
merely because fancy eggs are scarce. Those
who use the fancy eggs will use them any¬
way, no matter what they cost, while many
users of under grades set a figure above
which they will not go. The two lines are
entirely distinct. If lowVgrade teggs are
scarce they ought to advance, but a rise in
strictly fancy should affect them scarcely
more than would a market for potatoes or
a cord of wood. The plan of squeezing as
much as possible out of the consumer is not
always good business. These things regulate
themselves, and concessions have been made

for the past three or four days, but to raise
the price and at once lower it when con¬
sumers decline to buy make the latter sus¬
picious and more inclined to shop around and
fight for further reductions.

Butter has gone up another cent on ac¬
count of very light arrivals of fresh goods.
This is caused partly by shrinkage in make
and partly by delays in transportation, which
have held up all sorts of produce. High-
grade retail stores are getting 38 and 40
cents or over for well-known brands. Hold¬
ers of storage butter are laying on streaks
of fat, as goods bought at 20 cents or under
are going at 28 to 30. Very little State
dairy is arriving. Renovated has not yet ad¬
vanced, but packing stock at interior points
is reported up and renovated may be ex¬
pected to follow. As probably most read¬
ers know, renovated butter is made from
odds and ends of stuff which is more or
less unsalable, or which is worked over in
this way with the expectation that it will
bring enough more to make the job profitable.
There are numerous grades of renovated but¬
ter. I have tested specimens which no one
but a good judge of butter could tell from
the grade of “straight” goods known as
extra creamery, while the poorer grades rank
down to seconds, thirds, or even lower, de¬
pending upon how bad the stuff was before
being made over. Renovation consists merely
in removing the dirt and foul odors. The
product is certainly more wholesome after
this lixing up, but the need for clarifying
ought not to exist.

Purebred Humbugs. — Letters are at hand
asking about the business standing of vari¬
ous purveyors of “elixirs of life," electric
“rejuvenators,” etc., who seemed to be con¬
sumed with a desire to benefit suffering hu¬
manity. The best advice that can be given
is to have nothing to do with such con¬
cerns. The best elixir of life is a combi¬
nation of fresh air, pure water, substantial
food and hard work. The fake commission
man is still at it. I was recently asked to
look up a company which modestly stated
in circulars that it could “get more for farm
produce than anyone else.” I found the
street number, but no trace of the company
or any commission house. A small rough-
looking grocery was there, and while I saw no
shipments delivered, there is little doubt that
arrangements were made with the grocer to
receive whatever came. The It. N.-Y. has
often told of this scheme by which the
swindler makes a bargain with some barber,
tailor or other little shopkeeper to receive
any packages that come. He may have half
a dozen such places and once a day round
up the stuff that comes and pocket the pro¬
ceeds. He is harder to get hold of than
a flea, and is seldom caught, as it is easy
to change his place and name, so as to make
a continuous performance of his fraudu¬
lent work. w. w. ii.

more INC0ME

* Without Speculation.

ygij

825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

RESTRICTED loans on bond
■'•and mortgage to thrifty homo
buyers who pay all interest and
part principal monthly. That Is
the way the funds ofour clients
are I u vested ; an d 1 1 years’ con¬
stant growth of assets, surplus
and profits indicates the meas¬
ure of success achieved. We re¬
invest your 4 p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU G p. c. per an¬
num for every day we have
them, increasing their earning
power 25 p. c. Write for par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . 81,700.000
Surplus and Profits,
8100,000

Industrial Savings & LoanCo.
1134 Bhoadway, Nkw York.

DIRECT TO YOU

At Factory
Prices.

We are not jobbers or assem¬
blers of other people’s goods —
we build vehicles in our own
factory. By buying direct from
us you get factory prices
with no middlemen’s
profit, you get every¬
thing that is Tatest, best
and most durable. Our
large free cataloguetells

dctTTi ddicc t , c i all about our no money
RETAIL PRICE $45._J order plan, freight

offer, 2 years guaranty and how we ship anywhere
ON 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.

We make 140 styles of vehicles from $22.50 up and
100 styles of harness from $4.40 up. Don’t buy a
vehicle or harness until you have heard from us.
Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUCCY & CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

A STRANGE NEW SHRUB

Cures Kidney - Bladder Diseases

A Positive Specific is Found in the New Botanical Discovery, the Mystical KAVA-
KAYA SHRUB, called by Botanists the Piper Methysticum,
from the Ganges Kiver, East India.

The CHURCH Kava-Kava Compound, Christened A-L-K-A-V-I-S, acts
direc tiy on the deranged Kidneys, curing them, Once, And For All, by draining
out of the Blood every particle of poisonous Uric Acid, Urates, Lithates, etc., which
cause the disease. ALKAVIS works wonders in Bright’s Disease, Urinary and
Bladder Disorders, Rheumatism, Gravel, Bachache, Weak Back, Difficult or Too
Frequent Passing of Water, Pain in the Back, Sore and Weak Kidneys, Water
Weakness, Dropsy, Diabetes, etc.

Freshly Made Alkavis

Is absolutely necessary in Curing Kidney and
Bladder Diseases, Rheumatism, etc.

10,000 WITNESSES

including Governors of Slates, Executives of
Cities. Officials of Hospital Boards and Boards
of Health, Ministers of the Gospel and Mis¬
sionaries of Renown, together with grateful
patients: men and women in all walks of life,
at home and abroad, have proclaimed this
great curative to all the world. Full and au¬
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the influential Religious, Medical and Secular
Press, of Europe and America, are published
in our pamphlets, which are mailed every¬
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Hopeless Hospital Gases

ALKAVIS acts with magical effect in hope¬
less hospital cases when ail other remedies
known to medical science have failed. The
distinguished Medical Staff of the Suffolk
Hospital of Massachusetts, Dr. \V. H. Haw¬
ley, Penn Yan, N. Y., Dr. Machette, of Indi¬
ana, Secretary of Board of Health, and many
other well-known physicians have witnessed
wonderful cures in these cases. Of their
own volition these benevolent men of medi¬
cine and science have authoritatively sub¬
scribed and generously published their knowl¬
edge of these cures for the general public
good. ALKAVIS has the extraordinary record

1200 HOSPITAL
CURES in 30 DAYS!

ALKAVIS is prepared from the
Kava-Kava Shrub by
OUK OWN EXCLUSIVE METHOD.
FRESH FOR EACH PATIENT.

The following are the names of a few of the persons who have recently advised
IIS of their cure of such diseases as Kidney and Bladder Trouble, Difficult or Too
Frequent Passing of Water, Bright’s Disease, Cystitis, Diabetes, Renal Colic,
Nervous Debility, Liver Trouble ami Rheumatism by Alkavis (the Kava-Kava

Compound), although in nearly every case Physicians and Specialists and all known
Remedies had failed. We invite von to write them for particulars.

Mr. Noah Travis, Kingsbury, Ind. : Mrs. Mattie Moffitt, Danville. Ill. : Mr. Jos. Combs,
Tulford, Fla.; Mrs. Frank Winget, AVapakoneta, Ohio; Mr. W. E. Tuttle, Adrian, Mich.;
Mr Ed Hubler, Warren, Ohio; Mrs. Fannie Alton, Kendleton, Texas; Mr. and Mrs. II.
Iloltzborn, New London, Wis. ; Mrs. M. A. Preisall, Cleveland, N. Y. ; Mr. Wm. F. I [oilman,
Gerald, Mo. : Mr. J. W. Blankenship, Monette, Ark. ; Mr. .Jesse Winders, Brockwayville. Pa. ;
Mr. Chas. W. Eenn, Notary Public, Maywood, 111. ; Mr. J. H. Anderson. South Waterloo,
Maine; Mrs. Harriet McCollum, Unionville, Mich.; Mr. James Duffy, Lincoln. Neb.: Mrs.
Marion Cornett, Luverne, Ala. ; Mr. J. II. Fields, Ernestville. Tenn. ; Rev. N. J. Rachel,
Maud, Texas; Mr. C. H. Deeds, Trenton, Ky. ; Mrs. J. Weirick, Taylorstown, Pa.; J. E.
Little, Amory, Miss. ; Mrs. J. W. Phillips, Cincinnati^, N. Y. : Mrs. Jane Hanley, 189 Pearl
St., Oslikoslb Wis. ; Mr. B. F, Brasher, Hale, Miss. ; Mrs. M. F. VanNorman, 373 20th Ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.; E. A. Kennedy, Brooklyn, Fla.; Mr. F. N. Reese, Terril, Iowa; Mrs.
Grant Dunn, Valentine, Neb. ; M. E. Dorsey, Oak Ridge, La. ; Mr. R. A. Geist, Sabula, Iowa :
Rev. .T. W. Zink, Bainbridge, Ohio; Mr. John Townsend, Okarche, Okla. ; Mr. Cornelius
Smith. Dundee. Mich. : Mr. I>. A. Bagley, Brokenstraw, N. Y. ; Mr. J. C. Bay, Granger, Ind. ;
Mr. W. A. Gray, Whitehall, Mont. ; Mr. E. J. Nitsche, Johnsonburg, i’a.

That you may judge of the value of this Great Discovery for yourself we will
send you one Large Case by mail, free, only asking that when cured yourself you
will recommend it to others. It is a Sure Specific and cannot fail.

Address The CHURCH KIDNEY CURE COMPANY, 414 Fourth Ave., New York City.

IV T T'' — ALKAVIS is FRESHLY PREPARED from the Kava»Kava Shrub by this Company

^ I I I exclusively, and is always ready to supply PROMPTLY as wanted. By Special
1 'I K AH arrangement, One LARGE CASE is given away, FREE, to every reader regardless of
expense. Time is precious in these dangerous disorders and this is the opportunity of a lifetime.
! Save health, money and perhaps life by writing to=day while the above address is before you.

This Remarkable Botanical Compound is
now before the civilized world, the great
est medical discovery that has been made
for centuries, and all sufferers can join in
thanking a Merciful Providence for the re¬
sults of the labors of the Christian Mis¬
sionary and his associates.

ALWAY. sfRtSWwm

lALKAVIS

»

safe!

pSHRUE
DISCOVER?

St > — IS

ill

positively cures

kidney

BLADD ER
Diseases

R H ejjmatisM ,

Vr££ from alcohol

OR OTHER IRRITANT

1 pxpsfl = KnKTSTietx^l

- °Jl Kept at stoi

DUCHESS
TOP,
BUGGY

frrrrf.r

v\

tf iq 7C buy*our“Duche*»“
l 1 3. 1 □ top buggy, exactly as
shown In cut, with top, curtains,
shafts, anti -rattler, cushions nicely
trimmed. Best valueeveroffered.
If you want a vehicle of any kind,
Write at once for our vehicle catalog.
tfi)Q nr buys our rubber tiro top
^1.3,33 buggy, exactly as shown
incut; complete in every way. Greatest otter ever made
In a guaranteed rubber tire top buggy,
con Cfl buys our combination spring wagon, with
S’uU.BU large bod y , two seats, shafts, etc.

Cl iC buys our No. 100 single buggy harness,
*P*», ‘to with over or side check, 1 in. traces, complete
with one hitch rein. This and others described in catalog.
C|1 Cfl buys our No. 1 90 double driving or carriage
H'l'ti UU harness. 1V% in. traces, handsome pads, over
‘chreins. Collar extra $1.40

I harness

or side checks, two hitcl

/JfCENTLE

DRIVING

CIO Qn buys eur “Solid
•PnO.uU Comfort" phaeton,/!

exactly asshown i n cut, large hand- ^

some lamps, wide fenders, top, xxyi
shafts.etc.bpringcushionandback. V Jp

CJI AC buys our largo two Vs
'PllaiS seated family car¬
riage; without lamps, fenders and top.

Price with top, fenders and lamps, $04.95. For full descrip¬
tion of this and other styles, write for catalogue.

COjl QC for our gontlemon’m driving wagon, with
•pln.wu stick seat, exactly as shown incut, with shafts.

CC QC buys our No. 1 07 single buggy or carriage (
cPU.OJ harneas, collar and hame style, with over or
side check. 1 in. traces; collar extra, 75 cents,
ff 17 nn buys our No. 317 hoavy double foam har* '
vpll.UU ness, with 1>£ in. traces, 18 ft. lines. 1% in. pole
and breast strap, with snaps and slides, complete with two
hitch straps. Collars extra_$1.50.

. __ _ _ r . Write for fres catalogue.

*T|JgO Jtt n fhl If andsend itto us and we will mail you FREE our vehicle and harness cm. dogue. It
wJHJ I I ■■■^9 MU wj 1 shows all of the very latest styles for 1905. The cuts are large, thfe descriptions are
I very plain and complete, so you will know how every vehicle is made. Wo ahlp on 30 days trial. We do not ask you for any
, money with order. Do not buy a vehicle or harness of any Kind until you get our catalogue and see our latest styles, our ' L
astonishingly low prices, and the most liberal terms ever made. ^UlDIflll ClfllTII Oft OUlOACft III

Write for It now. Do not delay. Roitfembor it Is freo. rn A ill I rl dlul I Ft VUl VlllvAUUa ILLl

1 44

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 25,

WHAT FRUITS FOR HENYARDS?
Plums, Cherries and Peaches Preferred

Header , Southern Neic Jersey. — Would you
fence in a peach orchard of two-year-old trees
and use it for a henyard? Would plum
trees be better for the purpose? Would it
do to have small fruits in such a yard?

I have had very good success with peach
trees in henyards; have never tried ber¬
ries of any kind. My experience with
plum trees has not been satisfactory. I
never could make them do well in Massa¬
chusetts on account of black knot. We
have a lot of them in our yards here, and
the San Jose scale has killed almost all of
them. Apple, peach and pear trees have
all done well for me. A. E. wright.
Red Bank, N. J.

While we have not had the seven-year-
old orchard yet, we have enough faith in
the peach tree to plant them in our yards,
and expect to do well with them, as we
found after asking several that they did
well. I have used the plum, and had
no trouble with the fowls eating the fruit,
and do not see why they should bother
the peaches any more than the plums.
They certainly are a great help to any
tree, and I believe your inquirer would
get good results from thus fencing his
orchard. D. e. hale.

Sewickley, Pa.

The southern New Jersey reader could
let his poultry run in peach orchard,
provided he does not let them stay during
ripening time. I prefer plum trees for
yards where the hens run, as I have my
runs all planted in plums and Damsons.
I grow no small fruit in the yards, but al¬
low my hens to go into my garden about
the time the last fruit, such as blackber¬
ries, raspberries or strawberries, appear,
and find they do no harm. G. h. kinzel.

Winchester, Va.

In regard to peach trees, raspberries
and blackberries in the henyard, will say
that I have had them all, and find that
they do nicely, but if the hens are left
in the yard while the blackberries and
raspberries are ripening there will not be
many berries to pick, because the hens
will save you the trouble. It is the same
with grapes, if the vines are allowed to
run within reach of the hens. Plum
trees will do well in the henyard, and
make nice shade for the hens during
the hot weather. I think it is generally
agreed that the fertilizer in a henyard is
more beneficial to plum trees than peaches.

Hartford, Conn. R. c. tuttle.

My experience has been that plum,
standard pear, or apple trees do well in
the henyard. I see no reason why seven-
year-old peach trees would not do well,
provided the branches were no nearer than
three feet from the ground, as fowls
will jump about that distance and pick
all the foliage or fruit to this height. I
hardly think berries could be grown on
land which poultry was allowed to occupy
constantly. Provided yards were very
large and there was plenty of forage
stuff, like grass, etc., I think blackberries
could be grown if they could have one
season’s start of the fowls. Fowls will
eat nearly everything that is green they
can reach, when there are enough to eat
it. I know from experience they like
berries, too. H. w. higgins.

Orange, Mass.

In some of our henyards we have raised
very fine peaches, doing nothing to keep
the hens out of the trees, yet they seldom
went in the trees, and did but very little
damage. We have yards planted with ap¬
ple, pear, plum and cherry, all doing
nicely. In two yards we have grown
Snyder blackberries for seven years suc¬
cessfully. We are very much pleased with
blackberries for planting in henyards, as
the hens do the hoeing and seem to enjoy
it. We also like to plant Montmorency and
English Morello cherries in henyards, as
these trees do well, are small, very produc¬
tive and fruit easily picked. Plums do
nicely in henyards, but have ceased to be
profitable here. I hardly think red rasp¬
berries would be suitable, as they do not
remain upright in rich ground. We have
also planted a few Norway spruce to

give the landscape a more cheerful look
in Winter. H. j. Blanchard.

Groton, N. Y.

Most of my yards are built in apple
orchards. The orchards were there and
fully grown when I established my yards.
I raised the chicks in a peach orchard,
and I cannot see that plums would be
better. Peaches must have hare ground,
and the chickens will keep it bare if you
put enough in it. I had perfect crops of
peaches, but the droppings were not
enough to influence the growth to any
extent. But I cut back the trees every
Spring, so that I would not object to a
little more growth. That is the only ob¬
jection I can see to having the peaches
in the yards, and, as I said, that is nil.
Plums are all right, and do well, but
peaches are so much more desirable that
I would put them in every time, and if
you attend to the trimming you will have
a great reward if you can keep the scale
out. w. w. KULP.

Pottstown, Pa.

“If a man was as patient in every¬
thing,” said Uncle Eben, “as he is in color¬
in’ a meerschaum pipe, dar wouldn’t be
much trouble in dis worl’.” — Washington
Star.

[Union Lock

IPoiiIlry

fencing

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can’t slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

We eell direct to Farmors and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., 28 Main St., Colchester, Conn.

ZBROWNZTrIg™

IHeaviestFenceMade. AllNo. 9 Steel Wire I
15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

also sell direct to farmers at wholesale prices,
^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.
.Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

BROWN FENCE & WIRE

Cleveland. Ohio

THE I

Wire F ence 9Qr

48-in. stock fence per rod only
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and suppl ies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

Brightens up old harness

Pratts Harness Soap.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Cures distemper and pink eye
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

HIGH CARBON STEEL

Page-Wire is such High Carbon Steel it makes good
Paring Knives. Write for knife and be convinced.

Paae Woven Wire Fence Co.. Box 715, Adrian, Mich.

IT ECONOMICAL
FROST™

BEST.

.CHEAPEST

to buy and erect a flimsy woven wire fence every 3
or 4 years when you can buy the Frost Fence tha*
williasta lifetime for about the same piice ? Secure
sample and descriptive circular.

THEFUOST WIKE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

IWANS’ Post Hole anadu&erlu

For Fence and Telephone Ibst Holes . Welle, Prospecting , etc. A min
can do three time* the work with an Iwan Auger than with any other.

Sues 3 to 10 Inch,

Used by U. 8. Gov't. g , $2.50 each; 12 inch,

$6.00; 14 inch, $8 .00.
Inquire of jour hard¬
ware or implement
dealer, or write ub
for particulars and

Agents Wanted .

circulars of our tooliyou need on the farm. Sample at special price to
1 introduce. Iwttn Brothers, Dept. No. 4, Streator, Ill.

going to buy a HARROW
Want Bisi for least Cash
Ilf r make that kind.
” E Pat Freight. Cat¬
alogue free. Write for
rire. G.H. POUNDER
1* Ft.Atkinson,Wis

GRAND CONTEST! BIG PRIZES FREE!

TWfl PIANflQV PAQUV gasoline ehgines, incubators,
I VVU rmilUOi OHOn. cream separators, buggies, etc.

If this chart gets destroyed
another printed upon heavy
paper will be sent you upon
receipt of 2c stamp for postage

TPCT AC Cf/II I —This contest Is not to be confused with the
I LO I Ur CAILL guessing or estimating contests which are not

— . permitted by the Post Office Department. Our

contest Is a test of skill in counting and getting up best plans and the
best man wins. It depends upon you. There is no guess or chance about
It. Do not hesitate about entering but get your counts in at once.

rnMniTIHN? — 50 cents pays for one full year’s subscription to S0C-
V/UliLM I lUliO cessfui. farming, and entitles you to one free count;
$1.00 pays for two years and entitles you to three counts and makes you
eligible for the special $50.00 prizes given to winners of 1st prizes if they
have three counts. See below.

C Cfl DD| 7P^— We be'*eve everybody should have three counts so they
rKIZXO can have one each side of what they think is correct to
be more sure to hit it. To encourage this we will give $50.00 extra to
winners of 1st prizes if they have three counts Remember If you have one
count you get 1st prize only, but if you have three counts you get $50 extra.

A W A I)IW be n,ade as follows— The person giving correct or near-
/l TT /ilvUO est correct count will get first prize. Next nearest correct,
second prize, etc. In case of a tie for any prize it will be awarded to the
person giving best plan for counting the dots, State whether you enter
ladies’ or gents’ contest, as one piano goes to lady sending best count or
plan, the other to gentleman sending best count or plan.

TIME PRI7F-We ^ee* early counters should be rewarded and will
I UHL I RILL give $50 to person sending best count or plan byFeb. 28.
If you send best count or plan before Feb. 28, you get $50 extra.
IlinflCC— The awarding of prizes will be wholly in the hands of disinter-
dUI/ULO ested judges. We have chosen bankers, ministers, public offic¬
ials, etc., to act as judges in our contests. Ex-Governors, Mayors, Treasur¬
ers, etc., have acted as judges. We are bound our contests must be
absolutely fair.

OUR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY abundantly able to do as

we say, we are glad to refer to Des Moines Savings Bank and Central State
Bank. Our offer will be carried out to the letter.

In the event more than one person should submit the same plan
and this was considered the best plan by the judges, each person so tieing
will be asked to teil in 50 words bow best to improve Successful Farming.
The one making best suggestions gets first prize, next best next, etc
Understand this is only in case of tie in plan, which is not at all likely.

PDFF IfYouCanTellHow
rUCC Many Dots in Ohio?

IF YOU CAN COUNT AND PUN YOU CAN WIN !

SUCCESSFUL FARMING will give to those who can count the dots in
Ohio correctly or nearest correctly, the following list of prizes:
Can you do it?

TWO Elegant Pianos, one to a lady and one to a gentleman.

2nd. An Elegant Cabinet grand six octave Organ.
3rd. $ 1 50 cash, 4th. $ f 00 cash, 5th. $50 cash.
6th. Weber Gasoline Engine.

7th, DeLaval Cream Separator.

8th. Elegant Elkhart Top Buggy.

9th and 1 0th. Each a first-class 100 or 150
Egg Incubator.

I Ith, Empire 6-hole Steel Range.

12th. F. W. Mann Bone Cutter.

Next 20, $5.00 each. Next 25, $2.00 each.

CONDITIONS: Counts must beaccompanied by subscription. 50c
pays for one year and one count. $1.00 pays for two years and
three counts. You get $50 extra if you have three counts. It will
pay you to have three. See conditions below.

Don’t Delay! fx*ee, send your counts at once. Win! Win! Win!

Do not fail to get counts in at once. Our complete list of prizes contains six pianos;
five Ertel, live Old Trusty and fiveSure Hatch Incubators; live Galloway harrow carts;
five Empire Steel six hole ranges; Hoover-Prout Potato Digger; Smith Manure Spreader,
Star Mfg Co. Peed Mill; Parlin Orendorff Corn Planters; Osgood Seales; a 8175 DeJ.oacli
Sawmill outfit; Deere & Co. Cultivator; an Electric Handy Wagon; Campbell Panning
Mill; Tower Cultivator; Kaestner Feed Grinder, Milne Stump Puller; Stearnes’ Bone
Cutter; Carriages; Hapgood Plow, five C. A. 8. Farm Forges, Wilson Bone Cutter; Eek-
hart Driving Harness, etc.

Send In counts ana subscription as above and get our complete premium offer. Never
did you have such an opportunity before. Don’t delay, you want some of these premiums.
Now is your chance

PRIZE WINNERS

A Piano for $1.00.

PIANO

PIANO

IN PAST CONTESTS

Surely people may enter your contents knowing that they
will receive fair treatment. How glad 1 was to win a
llano for so email an amount and wholly unexpected. The paper alone la worth all I
paid. MRS. L. W. NOTT, Marion, la.

A Piano for Illinois.

Piano for a Dollar! That ia what I got
and anybody that thinks your prizes are
not awarded fairly don’t know. There
can be no favorites or I would pot have
won. MIRA E. FURSMAY, Panola, 111.

A Piano for Pennsylvania.

Easiest way I ever saw to get a piano
and you people are surely fair. Friends
laughed at me and said friends received
the prizes. Now they are sorry they did
not enter. Will never be without your
paper. D. L. FREEBORN, Knoxville, Pa.

W. 0. ELLIOTT,
Audubon, la.

850.00 CASH

Publisher SUCCESSFUL FARMING, 208 Plum St., Des Moines, Iowa.

I encloses . for subscription to Successful Farm¬
ing, and I wish to enter the . (write ladies’ or gents')

Contest. If $1.00 is paid send three counts; if more than $1.00 send one
additional count for each 50c over $1.00; if only 50e is paid send ONLY
ONE count. The extra $50.00 go only to those having THIiEE or more
counts entered.

My Count
(3) .

Name .

is: (1) . (2) .

P. 0....

State.

Remarks: My plan of counting it

D. L. FREEBORN,
Refer people Knoxville, Pa.

to me if they . .

want to know whether you are honest. I 8100.00 CASH
got a piano for a prize and never heard |
of you until I answered your ad. Your
paper Is worth twice the subscription
price. W. C. ELUOTT, Audubon, la.

I got my $100 and
it was the easiest
I ever earned. The dots are hard to
count but r know the prizes go to those
who win them lairly.

AMY R. BARNES, Van Horne, I*.

To Whom It
May Concern:

1 won grand prize of $860.00 Cash in
last contest. I was much surprised. 05™

I want to vouch as to Successful Farm*
lng’s fairness to any and everybody.

JOHN A. GOODWIN, — —

Akron, Ohio. 850.00 CASH

Way up
here ! n

Canoda I won $50. Never knew there was
such a paper uutil 1 answered ad, Now I
will never be without It again.

M1S3 E. FOURNIER, Mataue, Quebec.

NEWTON RAR1CK,

Ligonier, Indiana.

$100— Eva
I. Buckner

Fredonia, Kan. $25.00 — Clara Albers,

1209, Wal., Cincinnati, O. $100.00 — C. S.

Wyman, Vinton, la. $50.00 — S. Irving

He Won a Piano.

$100.00 Prize.

Won $350 Cash.

$50.00 for Canada.

$50.00
Others Who Won:

AMY R. BARNES,
Van Horne, la.

afmFVTF vniTRKlFR Stoyer, 225 E. Balt., Baltimore, Md.
^ MaUne. Quetec ’ *1QU'°°-E’ M- Hall, Mintroaa, Mo. 126.0.

Nobody connected with our paper will be

NEWTON RARICK,
Ligonier, 2nd.

- - allowed to compete. Contest

closes April 30, but get your counts in at once. See about time prize above. Any
body having three counts entered may enter additional counts at 25 cents each
Be careful to give your plan of counting, as the best plan used will decide all tie8'

Address all letters to SUCCESSFUL FARMING 208 Plum St., Des Moines, Iowa.

1905.

MUNSON GRAPE TRELLIS.

F. H. r., Melrose, Mass. — Will you explain
the method of training grapevines known as
‘•Munson's Canopy Trellis?"

Ans. — The accompanying diagram, from
Bailey's Pruning Book, gives a sectional
or end view of Munson’s canopy trellis.
Two posts are set in the same hole, their
tops diverging. A wire is stretched along
the top of each row of posts, and a third

wire hung midway between them on short
cross wires at a slightly lower level. The
trellis stands about six feet high, and the
pairs of posts should be placed not far¬
ther than 12 feet apart. The trunk of
the vine is secured to the middle wire,
and the bearing shoots grow out and lop
over the side wires. The illustration
shows the posts, cross wire and arrange¬
ment of trunk, and branches of the vine,
but, of course, cannot show the three
long wires. The idea is to form a broad
and shaded canopy to protect the fruit.
This system is very successful in practice.
The annual pruning consists in cutting
the new shoots back to three or four plump
buds. _ __ j

FURNACE FOR DRYHOUSE.

Regarding the description on page 58 of
evaporating furnace, I enclose sketch,
I;ig. 60, of a furnace I 'have used for
seven years in my prune evaporator in
\\ ashington. \ his furnace is a brick arch
15 feet long and about three feet high and
20 inches wide, inside. The main point
of difference is in the cast iron flues run¬
ning through the arch on an incline.
\\ hen I put them in my furnace it cut
my fuel bill to one-third, and a more uni¬
form and steady heat is obtained. These
flues are 4-inch soil pipe, and are plastered
in ; the lower end opens in the cold-air
box, which extends along each side of
the brick arch, and the upper end into
air chamber. My hot-air chamber is lined
with sheet iron, although brick would be
better, and is seven feet high ; the smoke
pipe runs from the chimney directly over
the arch, ancl an eibow carries it up to the

FURNACE FOR PRUNE EVAPORATOR.

Fig. 60.

upper floor, then to the ventilator flue,
through which it passes, thus helping the
exhaust or draft.

My present holding capacity is 2,200
pounds of green fruit, although double
this amount could be put in, and to good
advantage. With less than one-third cord
of four-foot pine wood per 24 hours, I
can run through 800 pounds per day, and
have averaged that amount for a week ;
unpitted Italian prunes. There is no
trouble to get 150 degrees on lower trays,
and we are compelled to run on lower
temperature to prevent bleaching of green
fruit on upper trays. One man at a time
handles it. I am a tinsmith, and got my

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 45

ideas of heating from furnace work. One
has only to recall the old shell boilers of
50 years ago and the present flue boilers
to see the advantage of the flues through
which pass a current of air. The more
flues the more hot air; 15 feet, however,
is pretty long for an arch, and unless one
can fire from both ends eight feet would
be better, although I experience little
trouble. I use no grate bars, and have
but little ash. I run with damper in pipe
turned half closed; the pipe in tray room
is seldom too hot to take hold of, show¬
ing but little waste heat. The total of
perpendicular pipe is 22 feet and of hori¬
zontal 16 to 18 feet. m. p. wilson.
Washington _

APPLES FOR SOUTHERN JERSEY.

A question on this subject appears on
page 79. The list given by Mr. Van De¬
man is not quite what a Jerseyman would
advise. Some he names are practically
useless here. For family use I would ad¬
vise Summer Rose (or Woolman’s Har¬
vest), Yellow Transparent and Hagloe
for Summer; Gravenstein, Maiden Blush,
and Grimes for Fall; Stayman, White
Winter Pippin, Nero, Stark and Smith"
Cider for Winter. Although Smith is not
first quality it will do better on light soil
than most varieties, except possibly the
Ben Davis. Such apples as Jonathan,
Swaar and others of high quality are
often worthless in the southern part of
our State, and would be more disappoint¬
ing than those of inferior quality. Nearly
everyone would prefer a Ben Davis loaded
with fine-looking fruit to a Jonathan cov¬
ered with scab and all off before picking
time. CHAS. BLACK.

Mercer Co., N. J.

Oats and Peas f ~r Grain.

F. M. r., jsewxon r ails, O. — I try to he on
the lookout at all times, and get all that
is to be had in The It. N.-Y., but there Is one
question I would like to ask, as I have not
found the answer. The I lope Farm man
refers on page 61 to sowing oats and field
peas for hay, using 1 % bushel of peas and
three bushels of oats. Should this same
amount of seed he used where one intends to
thrash it for the grain? How much baYley
should be added to balance the ration?

Ans. — Wc sow as our main grain crop
oats, barley and peas. The amount of
seed per acre will of course depend upon
kind of soil and whether or not grass and
clover seeding is to follow. If small
seeds are not sown, and peas do well, one
bushel of oats and a half bushel each of
barley and peas per acre will be sufficient.
In fact, I have seen good results follow

1 Y-2. bushel seed per acre. A seed has a
wonderful power of stooling if given a
chance. If the soil is rich in nitrogen
peas must be sown sparingly, else they
lodge and take the whole growth with
them ; four quarts per acre is often
enough. What we want is to have as
heavy a growth as possible, and have it
stand up ready for the binder. If you are
seeding with clover at same time the very
thin seeding should surely be practiced.
Many times grass and clover fail to grow
because those small seeds are smothered
out soon after germination. Always sow
with grain drill, and from seed that has
been graded, using only the largest grains.
In this way we are sowing the same seed
year after year with increased yields and
weight. h. e. c.

SEEDS

-Now write plainly to me the names
and full addresses of a number of
persons who buy Garden Seeds,
and I will carefully keep trace of them, and favor
them with lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh
tested. Northern-grown Seeds of all kinds, direct
from best reliable growers who won Gold Medals at
St. Louis Exhibition, and 1 will send to you at end of
season five (5) per cent, of the total amount of their
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily
earned. Special terms for February.

F. W. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio

Wholesale Qrower and Importer

GOOD

SEEDS

CHEAPJ

Ever Grown.

None better and none so
low in price, lc per pkt.
and up, postpaid. Finest
illustrated catalogue ever
printed sent FREE. Engrav¬
ings of every variety. A great
, lot of extra pkgs.of seeds, new”
i sorts, presented free with every
order. Some sorts onions only 50c
^ per lb. Other seed equally low. 40
i years a seed grower and dealer and all
* customers satisfied. No old seeds. Send
y our own and neighbor’s name and address
“9 »-.■ for big FREE catalogue.

R. H, SHUMWiV, Rockford, Ills.

Salzer’s Alfalfa or Lucerne

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ft

Glory enough ! Ring the bells ! Shout
for joy ! The year of jubilee has come !
How’s that? Why, sir, it has been made
possible to grow Salzer’s Alfalfa Clover
in every state in the Union, North,
South, East or West— why, sir— cold . .
Minnesota, and freezing Wisconsin, and
treeless Nebraska, and the prairies of 11-
linoisand Iowa and the bottoms of In¬
diana, and the pineless soil of Michigan,
and the rich farms of New York and
Pennsylvania— yes, every state can grow
from two to four crops of Alfalfa. if
Salzer’s Northern Grown Alfalfa
seed is used ! That’s acclimated, that’s
hardy, that’s tough, and we believe
tougher and better than the Turkestan
Alfalfa !

Sinks
Roots
liO Feet
Deep !

Greatestgrass of the century,
acre, and lots and lots of food besides !

Salzer’s Catalog tells all about it!

Salzer’s Luxuriant Teosinte

Does well on all soil especially,

One of the greatest fodder plants of the century,
sandy.

R« W. Powell, of Shelby Co., Tenn., gives this strong endorsement:

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LOOK AT THIS TESTIMONIAL &

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We have hundreds like it coming from
all parts of the United States. It will
pay you, Mr. Farmer, to give Salzer’s
Alfalfa a trial.

Carl A. Kleinstueck, Mich., has
this to say : “I have a patch of Salzer’s
Alfalfa Clover that I seeded 13 years ago,
which yielded four big crops last year
besides good fall pasture. It has been cut
three times already this season, and the
fourth crop is about six inches high to¬
day.”

Hon. H. F. Hunter, South Dakota:
•‘Your Northern Grown Alfalfa is im¬
mense. Every kernel grew. I have
solved the question of stock raising here
—Salzer’s Alfalfa — good for three rousing
hay crops; Salzer’s Speltz for 60 bushels
grain and three tons hay : Salzer's Maca¬
roni Wheat for 65 bushels per acre, and
your Beardless and Moravian Barleys—

these items, with your Billion Dollar Grass, Earliest Cane
and Fodder Corn, make it possible for me to grow hogs und
cattle galore.”

45T Road Salzer’s Catalog— tells all Alfalfa, etc.

Billion Dollar Crass.

Good for 10 to 15 tons of fine hay per

. . . „ — , - , o- • — _ _ o - _ _ “Your

Teosinte is immense. I tried a package, but the cutworms took everything but AN*
two stalks, sol went and worked them twice. They began growing, and in June I
counted 140 good stalks. 1 thought that was pretty good, so went off and let it
alone. It just kept on growing and growing, whether it rained or not. Now It Is
l fe

at least 12 feet high, and I cannot count the number of stalks. Cattle eat it eagerly.”

For I Oc. in Postage Stamps

and the name of this paper, we will send you a lot of farm seed samples, fully
worth $10,00 to get a start, together with our mammoth 140 page brilliantly illus¬
trated catalog, painted from nature, alone wortli $100.00 to every wide-awake
farmer. If you already have our catalog, mention it and we will send you some¬
thing else instead.

Absolutely Free

If you will send us the accurate address of three wide-awake farmers, to whom
we can write, giving your name as reference, so that we can mail to them our great
seed and plant catalog, we will send to you, free of all cost, our magnifleeut 140
page catalog, and a package (with full culture directions) of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER

Coming from the highlands of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs, the Sphinx and
the Pyramids, the land of luxuriant verdure and prodigal growths. This Clover
will astonish you.

You may send the three names on a postal card, with full address and be sure
to give your name and address correctly when sendiug the three names. When
writing us be sure and mention name of this paper,

&

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? LACROSSE

WIS.

Curious and Interesting oVegetable

Crows curled up like a Snake with head pro¬
truding. Will grow from 4 to 6 feet long.

Our 1905 Catalogue describes over 1,000 varieties of
Seeds, Plants and Bulbs, Sent Free on request. Enclose
a 2 cent stamp and we will include a package of the
above seed. Page’s Seeds Grow. That’s the kind you
want whether you use few or many. Write to-day.

The Page Seed Co., Seedsmen. Greene. N. Y.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presque
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

SEED POTATOES

AT

/

WHOLESALE PRICES

Our Seed Potatoes are grown In the
Northern partof Aroostook County, Maine, and
are fine. Garden Seeds, all varieties. Send
for our Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos . Griswold ft Co., ^

38 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

B

EST FRUIT PAPER

for 3 months. Stamps or silver.

NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER,
St. Joseph, Michigan.

I0C

SEED CORN

“Edge drop” planters are no good unless the
seed Is of even size and perfect sliape. I breed
corn with perfect and uniform kernels and I
grade all my shelled seed with a specially con¬
structed mill that throws out every uneven,
round or thick kernel better than you could
possibly do it by hand. Every kernel must be
just like every other — even, flat, just right.
That means even, accurate planting and a per-
fectstand. No trouble, no delay. Allmyshelled
seed is screened this way, a feature no other
seed man can offer. Samples and catalog free.

Htnry Field, Seedsman, Box 26, Shenandoah, Iowa

- “The car teed c ofn man.’*

SEEDS

THEILM ANN’S — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THK X HD.’ILMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

NEW SEEDS

FROM THE GROWER TO THE SOWER

We have raised a very fine lot of seeds the past sea-
ii/ w r\ , , , 8011 an(^ °ff®r them to the gardeners and farmers at

WHOLESALE PRICES. Catalogue free. It contains lots of good things, including a new
Blight Proof Potato and a new Oats that gave us 2,000 bushels on 19 acres. Don’t miss it.

JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, Coldwater, IS, y*

February 25,

1 46

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

ARSENATE OF LEAD vs. PARIS-
GREEN.

Have yon or any of your neighbors ever
used, arsenate of lead in place of Paris-green
for killing bugs on potatoes? If so, will
you please tell us how this poison compared
with Paris-green in cost, efficiency, and effect
upon the vines?

I have never known of anything being
used in this section for killing Potato
bugs'except Paris-green. If anything has
been found that will take the place of
green we would be glad to know of it, as
the Paris-green of to-day is very weak,
much more so than it used to he several
years ago. E. H. currier.

Wisconsin.

We have not used arsenate of lead for
poisoning Potato bugs, but have used it in
place of Paris-green for the Codling moth.
1 am not very favorably impressed with it
for these reasons: It has to be used at
about four times the strength of Paris-
green, which makes the cost quite a con¬
sideration. The cost per pound is about
the same as Paris-green, although the
packages were all short weight. It is
very slow in dissolving, taking one man’s
whole time to dissolve while the tank is
being filled. We could see no difference
in efficiency for Codling moth. w. a. b.

Interlaken, N. Y.

1 do not consider arsenate of lead equal
to Paris-green and Bordeaux, as the
beetles are not killed as quickly, nor as
thoroughly. As compared with Paris-
green applied dry with a blower the vines
were noticeably more thrifty and lived
a few days longer. The arsenate of lead
is by far the best remedy for the Aspara¬
gus beetle. It sticks well, and does the
work thoroughly. It cannot be used un¬
til the tops are well out, but if the later
broods are killed off the trouble in Spring
will be slight. I also spray tomato plants
in the frames with arsenate before trans¬
planting, and find it prevents serious dam¬
age from flea beetles or Potato bugs.

Fulton, N. Y. h. c. h.

I have used arsenate of lead for the
past two seasons for killing Potato bugs,
both with and without Bordeaux Mixture.
Its advantages over Paris-green are that
there is no danger of burning the foliage,
having used it at the rate of eight pounds
to 50 gallons of water without injury;
three pounds are sufficient. It will stay
in suspension 11 times longer than Paris-
green, thus permitting a more even dis¬
tribution over the vines. It will stick to
the vines throughout the greater part of
the season; if the application is thorough
at the time when the first lot of bugs is
hatched it will seldom be necessary to
make another application. Being in paste
form, there is less danger to animal life
from careless handling. Its only objec¬
tions are that it costs about 60 cents
(three pounds at 20 cents), whereas Paris-
green costs about 7 / cents ( y2 pound to
50 gallons of water). If Paris-green is
used with Bordeaux there is little danger
of burning the foliage. Were I to spray
for bugs alone I would use arsenate of
lead. If I were to spray for blight, using
Bordeaux, T would use Paris-green at the
rate of pound to 50 gallons Bordeaux,
using the green only when necessary to
kill bugs. j. j. j.

New York. _

What Ailed the Plum Trees ?

JJ. L. C., Still Pond, Md. — I have a block
of Japan plum trees seven years old ; well-
grown healthy trees. I sprayed them before
blooming and also when the blossoms began
to fall. They have set heavy crops of fruit
for three years past, and all dropped before
It was time for them to mature. What can I
do to make them mature the fruit?

Ans. — Physicians often prescribe for
amnents without seeing the patients, sim¬
ply on descriptions, good or bad, of symp¬
toms. The risk is all on the patient’s
side. In attempting to diagnose the plum
orchard case, without more facts con¬
cerning it than that it is sprayed twice
annually, and that the fruit dropped be¬
fore it was time for them to mature,
places the chances for disappointment
greatly in favor of the owner of the or¬
chard, Assuming that the materials used

in preparation of whatever formula was
made were what they ought to be, and
were properly mixed and applied leads me
to suspicion that imperfect pollination of
the blossoms is responsible for results
complained of. I have yet to find the
variety of Japan plums — or hybrids thereof
— that is completely self-fertile, on this
peninsula. The inquirer does not state
whether he has more than one variety in
his orchard, or not. Even if there arc
two, or more, it is possible that neither
of them is a good and prolific pollen pro¬
ducer. If, however, the fruit remains on
the trees until near maturity, the drop¬
ping is attributable to some other cause,
and in the absence of information bearing
upon treatment, varieties, etc., I would
strongly suspect that there was something
wrong in the spraying material. There is
no good reason why healthy trees should
behave thus, outside of those disclosed
above. Barring rot, Japan plums are a
sure crop here, and the volume of rot
is controlled to a larger degree by at¬
mospheric conditions than by spraying.

Maryland. j. w. kerr.

Small Fruit Queries.

C. A. TJ., llammonton, X. J. — Will seeds
from blackberries or strawberries come up
and bring fruit if sown? How are they
treated? Which seeds should be taken, the
large ripe berries or not? On what ground
will Win. Holt strawberry do best? Is
it early or late? On what ground will the
Ward blackberry do best?

Ans. — Strawberry and blackberry seeds
will grow if properly treated, and produce
strong fruiting plants, which do not al¬
ways, however, turn out as valuable as the
plants from which the seed is taken.
Strawberry seed should be washed out of
the berries as soon as ripe, and sown
without drying out in frames, pots or
boxes of light, rich soil. The little seed¬
lings begin to come up in two or three
weeks, and should be transplanted, two or
three inches apart, in pots or boxes as
soon as they can he handled. In August
or September plant out in the fruiting
beds just like runner plants. They may
bear some, fruits the following year, but
are not likely to give a full crop until
the second season. Blackberry seeds will
not grow the same season, and are best
kept in a box of moist sand, where they
are exposed to frost over Winter, and
then planted like strawberry seeds. The
seeds should he taken from the finest ripe
berries from the best plants of the varie¬
ties selected. The Wm. Belt strawberry
is a main crop variety. It does well on
most strawberry soils, but is best suited
on rich clay or loam. The Ward black¬
berry seems to grow well on any soil
that will produce good corn. For best
results we should plant it in light or sandy
loam.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

JAPAN WALNUT,

OniHmentnl, Shade ami Nut Trees.
Fruits at 2 years," by mail $l.oo.

STAYMAN’S WINESAP,

Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. liAKNHART, Denton, Maryland

ISK.ND FOR. our hand-

I some catalog of Trees
I Shrubs, Itoses, Kver-
I greens, etc.

Ideal direct. N
I agents. O
| prices are tl
lowest

Our Mr. Jl.

J. Wragg ia I
an expert land¬
scape gardmer,
id his services are |
available for our cus¬
tomers. M. J. Wragg I
ursery Co., 800 Good |
Block. Dor Moines, Iowa.

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, naming this Special Offer.
OEO. .1. KELLOGG & SONS, Janesville, Wis.

large 100 page Illus¬
trated Catalogue of
Ideal Seeds, Plants & Bulbs,
and a nice plant ofthe popular

CHINESE
DWARF
OTAHEITE

you will send us the addresses of
interested in buying
and Plants and six cents to pay
postage. This orange is easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and One fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Calla, Ohio.

lant oune popular

ORANGE

Peach Trees

Bred where climate produces
the finest stock in the world.

Let us suggest the great Ray
and Elberia. Plant them for
prolific bearing and fruit
excellence. All the varieties
from Srst to ninth ripening.

Harrison

We want you to know Harrison quality of trees.
They mean full fruiting when fruiting time comes.

Apple Trees

All seasons, a 1 1 varieties.
You are sure to be right when
you plant Harrison’s York
Imperial, Bert Davis, Early
Harvest, Fameuse, Maiden
Blush, Wagener, Baldwin,
Grimes Golden, Rome Beau¬
ty, Stark and Winesap. Lo¬
cality should be considered.
Let us suggest for you. Write for 1005 catalog,
covering also Pears, Plums, Strawberries, etc.

Harrison’s Nurseries.

Box 29 Berlin, Md.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000. to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low: quality
best. Write, for new 190o Catalog.
CH ATT ANOOG A NU USE KIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

rTWO MILLION-^

Strawberry Plants

Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees,
Elberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬
day. It’s sure to save you money.

J- W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md.

—Small Fruits

Whatever else your order includes don’t omit in Straw
berrlem the Climax and Olympia, in Raspberries the
Ruby and Black Diamond varieties. Hardy, prolific
bearers of choicest fruits. My stock is nut approached
elsewhere. Ail choice varieties, also Blackberries. Goose¬
berries, Currants and Grapes. I guarantee you'll lie satis¬
fied with Wood quality of plants. All my own growing.
Send for Catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Crower, Rochester, N.Y.

mmm/ /Pin

kre **hrcd for bearing.” £ That's why we
cut all buds from the best' fruited, bearing
trees. It also iasures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. >V© Bell direct at
ho eanle prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mich.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan- American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nuraerlca,
Drawer 1044 I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established 1840.

NOTT S NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New’ England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too Urge or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections aLd
Catalogue- Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,
New Canaan, Conn.

Have Hundreds olCar Loarft

of Fruit and Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs, Boses, Plants,
Bulbs, Seeds, choicest new
and old. Mall size postpaid,
safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed, larger by ex¬
press or freight. The best are
cheapest. Try us. Elegant
108-page catalogue free. Send
for It and see what values we
give for your monev. SI years,
44 greenhouses, 1,000 acres.
THE STORKS & HARRISON CO.,
BOX 5485, PAINES VILLE. OHIO.

THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY

Originated at Ottawa, Can. nowon the market for
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the
hardiest, most productive. And best all-round berry
inexistence. The notes for 1904 from Central Ex¬
perimental Farm. Ottawa, are: "Very strong grower-,
good crop, fruit large to very larg«, bright to deep
red. moderately firm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good
flavor, good to very good quality: promising from
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for
shipment. Yield from 12plants,:>0 baskets of fruit.”

For further information, write,

W. J. KEKK, Nurseryman,

Kenfrew, Ontario, Can.

WE OFFER A FINE STOCK

of the following trees and plants:

The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin.
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts,
Papershell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts^
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc.

Send for free Catalogue.

SUMMIT NURSERIES, Monticello, Florida.

Strawberry Plants

We have been growing and selling plants in this
town 83 years, and are now offering 98 varieties
which are described in our 1905 catalogue. Our
plants were never finer. You will also get other in¬
formation that is not obtainable elsewhere a dis
cussion of “The Pedigree Question ” by 20
experienced growers, pro and con. Send postal for it.

M. CRAWFOKD CO., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

TDKTPC A full line of varie
* ’ * ties, new and old

APPLE TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREES are scarce,'
but we have them. Get our Fit KK descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO.. Hightstown. N. J.

JC FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri-
r bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW and
Sta ndard St raw'by,
ltas’by, Grape and
Blk’by plants. Vigorous. Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices,
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed." Price List FREE.
A. K. WESTON & CO.

U. F. 1). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

/Illl mill 1 1 K K | r Krr \ AX ” •*- w* u a a u. i u>s., o 4 li, <) its., 4 uu ait,

AUUjUUU riii LL IMLLO' one year old, 4 cts. 5,000 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts ,2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 KieflFer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from S<*ale. Crown Gall, or disease of any kind. The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 00 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence. Penna.

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID. ITS,

true to name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we HEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY. Box I O. Geneva N.Y.

TREES

D A DTI _ C cr ^ IX C I _ n> _ Bred from selected bear

D M IV I In EL I I EL IV b In D KJ O Vs lng parents. The three

greatest, high quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no
better pears than these. Our Tree Breeder (Free) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and
recommends safe kinds only. We offer you SAFETY, and “ You can rest your minds at ease, in planting
the KOGEKS TKEKS.”

The Tree Breeder. ' ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

APPLE TREES $5.00 TO $10.00 PER 100

Currant Bushes and Grape Vines, also Poplar
Trees, for sale at bargain prices, boxed free.

These trees, plants and vines must be sold at bargain prices, as we
are overstocked with them. We have a surplus of both Carolina and
Lombardy Poplars. Help us to sell 1, 000,000 first-class trees, shrubs
and vines as described and priced in our large new catalogue, which is
mailed free when requested by postal card. Established 25 years
#100, 000.00 capital. Trees true to name, boxed free. Let us price
your list before buying elsewhere. Mention where you saw this adver¬
tisement and we will mail you a copy of Green’s Fruit Magazine.

Address GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

1 47

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Gfd'wing Figs in Maine.

F. C. C., Bridgeton, Mr. — Can wa success-
fully grow fig trees ami make them fruit in
Maine in l lie open garden without having re¬
course to tlie greenhouse? They would need
to lie placed in t lie root cellar by the middle
of September to avoid frost and we are not
safe from' Spring frosts until the first of
June.

Ans. — Hardy varieties of the fig. such
as Brown Turkey, can probably be grown
in your locality, if planted in tubs and
sheltered from freezing in a cellar or
other safe place. This variety produces
fair fruits without artificial fertilizing or
the action of the Blastophaga insect, is
an abundant bearer and ripens very early.
You will probably need to get your trees
out of the cellar as early as possible, and
started into growing, in order to have
full benefit of the warm season, as figs arc
sometimes very deliberate in developing
young fruits.

Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry.

E. B. ft.. Providence, It. I. — Is the Dwarf
Rocky Mountain cherry advertised by some
nurserymen anything like what we call here
the Reach plum, which bears a fruit about
the size of a cherry and makes very fine pre¬
serves? I thought of ordering some of these
cherries but thought perhaps it was nothing
more than the Beach plum, of which 1 have
hundreds all over my place. It is a hand¬
some sight in May to see them .in bloom.

Ans. — I he Dwarf Rocky Mountain cherry
is entirely distinct from the eastern Beach
plum. The former is a true cherry, grow¬
ing only IS to 20 inches high in bush form.
It is very hardy and productive, as well
as ornamental when in bloom. The cher¬
ries very much resemble in appearance the
black Mazzard variety so common here,
but have little value, being so harshly
flavored that they arc scarcely eatable. The
plant also is very subject to twig blight
when grown near the coast. We have
been obliged to destroy all Rocky Moun¬
tain cherries on the Rural Grounds on
this account, though we prized them for
their beauty when in bloom.

Propagating Currants.

F. M. /?., Bridgeport. Iiul. — Will you in¬
form me how to propagate currant bushes
from cuttings? I have a few plants each of
the North Star and Kay, from which I
want to get more plants, and do not under¬
stand how to proceed to lie successful. My
rose hushes that I got from you are doing
nicely.

Ans. — Currants are generally propa¬
gated by cuttings of young ripe wood, seven
or eight inches long, taken just before
freezing weather. If possible they should
be cut with a slight heel of old wood, but
this is not absolutely necessary. The cut¬
tings should he very firmly planted in a
trench, made in moist, rich soil, deep
enough to hold the cuttings, with only
the top bud above the soil. They should
be thoroughly tramped in, as some pres¬
sure on the cutting at the bottom seems to
be needed to start the roots. They should
be placed about six inches apart, and
slightly covered, after the trench is filled,
with forest leaves or evergreen boughs,
to prevent freezing. The cut surfaces will
callus during the Winter, and roots start
early in the Spring. The plants need not
be disturbed for two years, when they can
be t ransplanted to the fruiting ground.

Small Greenhouse vs. Hotbeds.

Which do you prefer for an average farm
gardener, hotbeds or small greenhouses?

Ans.. — I take it you mean a farm of
say 40 or 50 acres, about the size of ours;
if so, I say no greenhouse for me. I
have seen one tried by my brother; it
might be all right for a gardener on a
small place. We grow all kinds of truck,
including nearly all sorts of fruit, also
live stock. We use a hotbed for toma¬
toes only, or sometimes a few early cab¬
bages. We have been successful in grow¬
ing tomatoes in the open ground from
seed. We aim to grow a variety of prod¬
uce suitable to our small market. I

(

would suggest that if there is a side hill .
convenient, use it to economize fuel; if
on level 1 would favor the ends to be
north and south. 1 think the farmer could
build it himself; in some cases 10 by HO
feet would be large enough, which should
not cost much over $100. Hot water is
best for the growth of plants. Heating

would need anywhere from two to five
tons of coal, depending on the season and
length of time in use. h. h. dunn.

Ontario, Can.

1 am most decided in my belief that for
the average farmer hotbeds are better than
any form of greenhouse. It requires a
good deal of experience to grow plants
that are “hard” (able to stand transplant¬
ing) in a greenhouse, and quite simple in
hotbeds. .Most farmers have considerable
practical knowledge in this work, and
making the frames and handling them do
not require expert carpenters or gardeners.
In our experience glass is much better
than the cloth substitute for either early
or later plants. w. s. bucklin.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

I have never had any experience with
a greenhouse, but from the very satisfac¬
tory results I have had from hotbeds at
moderate cost, it is my opinion that where
no greater area than .100 square feet is
required, the balance of advantage is de¬
cidedly with hotbeds. For the last four
years my hotbed has consisted of 15 sash
(> by 1 feet 4 inches, which equals just
the area I have named, and produces from
”,000 to 8,000 good, hardy tomato, egg
and pepper plants. One great advantage
of hotbeds to the man of limited means
is their comparatively slight original cost,
and the fact that where either capital or
experience is lacking, a start may be made
with a very few, or even one sash, and
additions made as required. There is
considerable economy in that the entire
space is occupied by plants. The out¬
door conditions that may be secured by
removing the sash when hardening off
for transplanting is another great advan¬
tage in their favor. To be sure, if the
north wind howls or the snow or rain
beats down at the time the beds must be
made up and sown, one is disposed to
envy the man who can go into his warm
greenhouse and have a pleasant job,
but during the Summer, if the hail should
rattle down, as it sometimes will, and did
here last season, it is some compensation
to know that your glass is safely stored.

Pennsylvania. n. r„ hartman.

Success with Lime and Sui.piiur. —
We were not troubled here with San
Jose scale until about three or four years
ago. We use this formula and find it
killed almost all the scale: Fresh stone
lime, 20 pounds; flowers of sulphur, 15
pounds; common salt, 10 pounds; water,
50 gallons. Boil 20 gallons of water in
an iron pot or hog scalder, add the proper
quantity of stone lime. First slake the
lime, then add sulphur, which should have
been previously moistened to form a thick
paste. I his should be mixed with a lit¬
tle hot water. Add the salt a little later,
when the mass is boiling. If water was

boiling when this was added, boil 30
minutes. The sulphur should be thor¬
oughly dissolved, producing a clear amber-
colored solution. When the mixture has
boiled sufficiently add the amount of hot
or cold water to make 50 gallons; care¬
fully strain. We spray here in March,
when the buds begin to swell. h. w. g.

Tyaskin, Md.

Makes more milk and butter
Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate,
i. Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windaud tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.

TIIOS. ROBERTS,
Box 92. Springfield, O.

No. 110
Iron Ago
Orcha d
and Variety
Cultivator

CULTIVATION PAYS

An old saying, “Tillage is manure,” applies closely to nil
cultivation. It has been proven that it pays big money to till the
orchard; in fact, no orchard can be kepi in a paying condition
without it, since larger crops, better quality and toporieesare
the direct results. In the family of famous

Iron Age

Implements

our No. 110 Orchard Cultivator, shown in cut, will be found invalua¬
ble as a money maker and labor saver for the farmer and fruit grower.
It may also bo adapted to other than orchard uses.

The No. C Combined Double and Single Wheel Hoc, Ilill and Drill
Seeder, is also a sure money maker in its Bpeeial Held. A new free
book, “Iron Age,” describes other labor-saving, money-making
implements, including Horse Iloes, Potato Planters, Sprayers and
Fertilizer Distributors, etc. Send for It to-day.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Bo, 102. GREULOCh, N. J.

MATTHEW’S “NEW UNIVERSAL” GARDEN TOOLS,

6 STYLES SEE»E«Stl»„M»»rSi»,,I.Wh..l«B.'5ToaJs|nja^^

Combined seeder, marker. ^ - J ' •

STYLES JE,E“ERS Double or Single Wheel Hoe,

0 es Cultivator, Plo.v, Rake. Changesquick-
01 ly made Cultivate between or astride

the rows. Any depth, any
width..

Opens fur¬
row, drops
in plain
sight,
covers,
■narks.

Accuracy.

Note High Arch and Plant Guards
Bent Oak Handles on all Tools.

Combined seeder, marker,
hoe, rake, plow, cultivator.
Single or double wheel.
Every adjustment
easily made. For
planting and all
kinds of cultiva¬
tion.

AMES PLOW COMPANY.

Send for FRSS BOOKLET of valuable Informa¬
tion for planting and cultivating the garden and tuii
description of these implements.

64 MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

A PERFECT SEED

ow that always please
:ar, nearest perfectiot

Syracuse

Harrow.

The only Spring tooth harrow that always pleases is the one here shown. Best in con¬
struction, best in wear, nearest perfection in working qualities. It is the

Lever Spring
Tooth

Frame ofangle steel bars with steel protecting shoe. Best adjust¬
ment of teetli for depth and clearance. Easy adjustment for dif¬
ferent soils. Teeth raised and carried on runners in transporting.
Draft central ami direct, no side motion. With teeth having
plainer separate points. Seeing it work is to want it. Ask the
Syracuse dealer. If none in your town, ask us. Catalogue free.

SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW COMPANY,

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

DoLOACH I?A.T

Avoid imitators and infringersand buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills, 4 H. I*, and up. Shingle',
Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hav
Presses. Water Wheels. VVe pay freight,

Del.oaclt Mill 31 fg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

Sure, quick hoof grower
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

M ake your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. 1’. Send for catalogue.

WILSON BttOS., Sole Mfr»., Dept. N L,.tuu,P«.

THE FARMER’S MONET MAKER

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company
Newark Valley, N. Y. Waterloo, Iowa.

Steel Roofing

100 Square Feet,

$2.00

WE PAY FREIGHT EAST of COLORADO

Kxeept Oklahoma, Indian Territory and
Texas. Strictly new, perfect steel sheets,
Gaml s feet long. The best rooling, siding
orcelllngyou can use; painted two sides.
Flat, 82; corruguted or V crimped. 82. 10 per
square. Wrlti* for free catalogue No. II- 67
o.-i m.wri.l from Sheriffs' uml Kecidver.* Halos.

CHICAGO lloi'sK H RECK1NOCO.
85th A Iron Sts., Chicago.

TRY IT“EF“

'Vi
rn

tiling to let you prrve It.

DITTO’S

you BUY IT

Wt believe we have the best
farm grinder made and are
wiilipg to let you prrve tt.

Triple Geared Rail Rearing

FEED GRINDER

on trial* If It is not the largest capa¬
city, easiest runner, don't keep it.

4L M. 1>ITTQ, lioi;',G, JoHct.I11.

>For this 12-16 all steel
■disc harrow. Frame is
made of best angle steel.
Axle of cold rolled pol¬
ished steel. Discshighest
grade tempered steel.
Spri ng seat. Draft i s di¬
rect from axle. Guaran¬
teed i n every way.

Calumet check row
planter with automatic
reel and 80 rods wire.
Never misses, drops in
hills and drills. W e chal¬
lenge the world with this
planter. Wewillshipon

U

for this Com
Garden Drill.
Furnished with dial indica¬
tor marker, coverers and
rear wheel. With H tools
complete $8.50. We can
save you money on any-

trial. Write for catalog, 'thing umed on a farm.

$8M

for 40
ft.
Hay
Car¬
rier
outfit.
One
car¬
rier, 1
fork,

13 raf-

•ter irons and hooks. 180 ft.
rope. D floor hooks, 3 pulleys

r»HT TUIO An AMT and send it to us and we will mall .von our Agricultural

vU I I lllw MU UU I and Farm Machinery Catalogue FREE. Do If now.

for this
sickle

grinder; grinds heel and
point at same time.
Grinds 6 ft. sickle in 10
min. With 1 stone for

- r - sickles, J2.78. With 2

Wood, steel and cable track stones for grinding all
outfits any lengths. | kinds of tools, J3.10,

^1 fj Buys this
Planter

w

for

catalog.

Plants in

hills or drills, corn,
beans, peas, garden seed,
etc. Plants lzacres a day.
Fertilizer attach ment $2 75
extra. If you want a ma¬
chine or implement of any
kind, write for catalogue.

$2*°

Steel Cultivator,

plain, with 6 shovels,
spreads to 33 inches.

$6.55 umsa

oMong galva-
nized 9l/2 bbl.ttaK^fiGsgl
steel tank with heavy
Anglo steel rims. We make all
sizee au J styles. SEND FO&
CATALOG C £ TO-DAY.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 2.",

1 48

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

A Pipe Tale. — The experimental green¬
house on the Rural Grounds is a small
structure, 1G by 24 feet inside dimensions,
attached to the south side of a dwell¬
ing, and heated by a hot-water system that
does duty for both buildings. It was built
in 1804, at about the period steel was
being generally substituted for iron in
the manufacture of pipes, nails and wire.
1 he old style wrought or soft iron pipes,
while not as lasting as the thicker ones,
made of cast iron, were very durable and
resistant to corrosion. They were placed
under greenhouse benches, exposed to
constant drip and moisture, and were ex¬
pected to last during the life of the
building, while the question of durability
was never raised in regard to the cast
pipes — they would outlast the owner and
become a matter of inheritance if not dis¬
posed of before as second-hand material.
Our architect advised four-inch cast pipes
under the benches, but as they are put
together with solid packed or rust joints
so as to be difficult of removal in the event
of future building changes we compro¬
mised on a complete system for dwelling
and greenhouse of two-inch and smaller
size pipe, with the usual screw joints and
unions. The result as far as maintain¬
ing the needed temperatures has been
quite satisfactory, but steel pipe was sup¬
plied instead of the expected wrought
iron, and has been a great disappointment
as regards durability. At the end of two
years the pipes were deeply pitted and
corroded. Each year since rust has flaked
off in crusts thicker than ordinary blotting
paper, although portions have repeatedly
been scraped bright and painted with iron
oxide and oil. In 1903, nine years after
installment, the first leak appeared, and
now, after repairing sundry leaks and re¬
newing sections, we must discard the
whole under-bench system, as it is every¬
where reduced by outside corrosion fo
little more than the thickness or rather
thinness of ordinary sheet iron. All the
elbows, tees and fittings, being made of
cast metal, are as sound as when put in
place, scarcely discolored with rust — re¬
taining perfectly the paint where applied,
and apparently good for 20 years to come.
The corrosion we find on section is en¬
tirely on the outside. The pipes were con¬
stantly filled with water throughout the
year, except for an occasional short ab¬
sence in Winter, when it was necessary
to drain them, and are little more than
tarnished on the interior surface. Where
entirely protected from exterior moisture,
as in the dwelling, they are perfectly
sound, and will last indefinitely. Some
odd lengths of this pipe were stored in
an ordinary dry cellar, but rusted in
three years so as to be worthless. Sec¬
tions of the two-inch size used for posts
and tree protectors, set three feet deep in
the soil, rusted through in five years. As
regards durability when exposed to con¬
tinual moisture, the steel pipe is scarce¬
ly as lasting as hemlock lumber, and can¬
not be compared to pine or cypress when
exposed to exactly the same conditions.
When re-piping this little greenhouse we
shall use cast four-inch pipes new or old,
if they can be had.

Worthless but not Cheap. — Years ago
we were told that one of the overshadow¬
ing benefits of high duties on foreign com¬
modities would be to keep out the “cheap
and nasty” manufactures of other coun¬
tries. Our “infant” steel industry got
its “protection” along with the rest, and
has thriven to such extent that it sells
its products abroad, when customers can
be secured, at lower prices than are ex¬
acted from home buyers. There has been
no cheapening to consumers, but the sub¬
stitution of Bessemer steel for iron has
so degraded the quality of fence wire,
nails and pipes that they are practically
worthless as far as durability under ex¬
posure to moisture is concerned. Shingles
begin to blow off the new roof in three or
four years, and the steel wire nails are
found to be rusted to mere threads. The
old cut iron nails usually lasted longer

than the shingles. Steel fence wire scarce¬
ly endures as many months as the old
iron product did years, especially when
it is galvanized by the modern quick-wip¬
ing process. The perishable nature of
steel pipes has been demonstrated by the
costly experience of thousands of green¬
house builders who scarcely know where
to buy good material to replace their
rust-eaten and leaky systems. It is claimed
that one or two factories are permitted
by the trust to supply guaranteed iron
pipe to insistent customers at double the
price of the usual steel article, but the pos¬
sibility of the ordinary buyer getting any¬
thing reliable in the way of iron pipes or
tubes is carefully kept; in the background
by dealers and sales agents. If similar
privileges should graciously be granted
users of nails and fence wire at any prac¬
tical cost we should all be duly grateful.
The argument that these degraded and
worthless articles are supplied to meet
the demand for low-priced goods is sim¬
ply clap-trap designed to mislead the un¬
thinking. There is no considerable de¬
mand for worthless goods at any price, and
steel manufactures are now anything but
cheap to the consumer, though they may
cost little to make as compared with iron.
Practical men in all occupations, especially
farmers, desire first of all good quality
and reasonable durability in their metal
purchases, and are willing to pay fair
prices to secure them. The steel trust
is not unique in its methods of monopoliz¬
ing trade and forcing low-grade products
on consumers at inordinate profit to itself,
but as the greatest of all manufacturing
combinations, making articles of vital need
to civilization, it should be held to strict¬
er account than at present. As the qual¬
ities of metal goods are not obvious to
the ordinary buyer there should be some
way to exact a guarantee as to their value
for special purposes. Steel pipes and nails
are strong and may do good service if
kept dry, but are now proved of little
durability, if much exposed co moisture.
Steel fence wire, unless very much better
galvanized than most of the stuff now
sold, is in reality valueless — not worth the
trouble of putting up. Fence wires must
necessarily be exposed to the weather, and
cannot be taken in the house to avoid rain
or dew.

Keeping Greenhouse Pipe Out of the
Wet. — Although the extreme perishability
of steel pipe when exposed to wet has not
been demonstrated until v<?ry lately, ob¬
serving glasshouse owners have for years
been worried over the unlooked-for rapid
corrosion of their installments, and have
had recourse to oiling, painting and other
futile expedients. In many new struc¬
tures care has been taken to run the pipes
as far as possible where they will be ex¬
posed to light and escape drip, but this
can only be done in a limited way. In the
usual steam or water heating with small
pipes much of the radiating surface must
necessarily be placed out of the way under
benches and stages, where it is exposed to
constant drip and moisture. There is very
little corrosion during Winter, when the
pipes are heated, as the surface is dry
most of the time, but during the months
firing is not needed they are constantly
wet with drip or condensation. In the
economical management of glasshouses,
a succession of crops must be kept grow¬
ing all the time, and the conditions for
the corrosion of perishable metals by
moisture are thus constant during the
Summer months. Galvanized pipes cost
too much to be practical, and, in fact,
the present output of galvanized steel
pipe is likely to prove quite as inferior pro¬
portionally as the black article in general
use. If pipes in the drier portions of
the greenhouse are kept painted with
iron oxide or the best white lead and
oil they may endure well, but after the
first hard-rolled surface of the pipe is
rusted off it is useless to apply paint, if in
a damp place — it will be thrown off on a
crust of rust in a very brief time. The
reliable old-style cast pipe is now quite
scarce, and cannot be readily purchased
new. Small quantities may occasionally
be had from dealers in second-hand ma¬
terial or when an old-fashioned glasshouse
is dismantled. As it was nearly always
used in the bulky four-inch size, it is
not practicable for large modern green¬
houses, but can often be used in small
amateur building to good advantage. What
is wanted is good iron pipe in the small
standard sizes, at reasonable prices.

w. v. F.

A marvelous pam killer
Pratts Veterinary Liniment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

wm mm

PISOS CURE FOR

.

■ (/)

NU

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

ol

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

■ in

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

Hi

l<M

C/)|

■

CONSUMPTION

■

DON’T LET THE

SAN JOSE SCALE

DESTROY YOUR TREES. SPRAY WITH

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH

AND BE SURE TO USE

BERGEN PORT

SUBLIMED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR.

This brand is prepared especially for
Spraying purposes: insist on having it.
Ask your dealer, or write to

T. & S. C. WHITE CO.,

2.8 Burling Slip, New York.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OIL SO AH.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
QDQAVIIJft CDAD for Power Sprayers. OtherOr-
ornAMnU or An, Chard Necessities. Write for
catalogue and prices. W.H.OWEN, Port Clinton, O.

Brass Sprayers Last Longest

And Are The Cheapest To Buy.

Price $3.50 and upward. Make your labor and invest¬
ment earn a good profit by destroying the insect pests and
plant diseases which cause so much loss. These sprayers
may also be used for applying- whitewash and cold water
paints, spreading disinfectants, cleaning wagons, curing
surface diseases on cattle, chickens, and many other
purposes. Sprayer* may be returned at our expense if
they are found defective. Send for catalogue.

DAYTON 8UPPLV CO., Payton, Ohio.

HARDIE

Spray
Pump

I use
aa Hardie

“1 don't uY

.DO YOU WANT PERFECT FRUIT ?

Fruit Trees properly sprayed pay bigger
profits than anything else on the farm.

Write today for our free I took on Spraying,
which gives all the newest and best formulas
and tells how the successful fruit growers
make big money.

HOOK-HARDIE CO.

Hi Mechanic St. Hudson, Mich. I

USE NITRO-CULTURE

Culture Is a natural plant food, gathering germs
among plant roots, nourishes, invigorates, leeos the
plants, doubles the yield, makes poor soil rich. Free
Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

No Smoke House. Smoke meat with
KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.
Madefrom hickory wood.Oivesdeliciousflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir¬
cular. E. Kramer & Bro., Milton, Pa.

Positive, Comparative, Superlative

“ I have used one of your Fish Brand
Slickers for five years and now want
a new one, also one for a friend. I
would not be without one for twice
the cost. They are just as far ahead
of a common coat as a common one
is ahead of nothing.”

(NAME ON APPLICATION)

Be sure you don't get one ofthe com-
mon kind — this is the aMVFD'O
mark of excellence.

A. J. TOWER CO.

BOSTON, U. S. A.

rt3H BRtfP

TOWER CANADIAN CO., LIMITED

TORONTO, CANADA

Makers of Wet Weather Clothing and Hats
862

containing plenty of Potash. All
vegetables require a fertilizer con¬
taining at least to per cent, actual

Potash

Without Potash no fertilizer is com¬
plete, and failure will follow its use.

Every farmer should have our valuable books
on fertilization— they are not advertising
matter booming any special fertilizer, but
books of authoritative information that means
large profits to the farmers. Sent free for the
asking.

GERMAN KALI WORKS

98 Nassau Street,

New York.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi anger strokes
•ompreeBes air to spray \\ aero. Wo manu¬
facture the largest lino in America of high
erode hand and power sprayer*. Catalog free.
Write us ifyou wantagency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.t
268 State St., Rochester, We V.

—THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze bull
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pumprightor lelthand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprayer combined.
We make 20 styles sprayers. Write for Catalog.

THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

Henion Sc Ifubbell, West’n Agts., Chicago.

I

C KYD AV ORCHARrfl

jPrCMI Monarch

tfV p ■ Automatic Compressed Air

Sprayer. Nohsnd labor — has agitator and brushes for
Polosslnggtrsiners. Ourfreebook tells about It. "No swindled feeling”

I Ifyou buy our pumps. We also make the Empire King, Car-
field Knapsack and othera.

| FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. 2 1 1 th St. Elmira, N.Y.

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Everything— Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel. Combined
hand and horse power. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE.

Thomas Feppler, Box 45, Illghtstown, N.

Rippley’s Sprayers

Fine Brass Pumps. Guarantee! strongest and
best 4 and 5 gal. Compressed Air Sprayers on .5** f*

market. Spray 25 ft. trees, potatoes, vines, etc. N

Tested 601bs. pressure, 2safety valves. In2 sizes. ff , ' ! U

4 or 6 Cal. Calv. *5. 4 Col. Copper, S7. yf K

6 Cal. Copper, S3.00. 1 )1

Catalog of lustyles free. Mail orders direct. ItUCar

RIPPLEY HDW. CO., Mfrs.. Box 223, Grafton, III. I

Ilenr, F. MltohollCo., Phil.. P... KMt«rn A-entl. \WTqZ [

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.

.Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.

Absolutely Water Proof.

Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Work man Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack.

Light in Weight.

Does Not Taint Water.

Write for sample s. prices and
v>» circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE. PA. v

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R. N.-Y. r

READY FOR SHIPMENT

H TT B BiYRD 7 S

“Black Diamond"

FERTILIZERS

There is always a rush in the Fertilizer Business during March and April.

Order early and avoid it.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.,

Middletown, Connecticut.

' 1905.

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 49

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — The weather is “worse yet,"
if that is possible. The mercury still seems
to love zero, and with sleet and snow and
now and then a little rain old Winter has a
good chance to make a record. The deep
snow is covered with a little crust, not thick
enough to hold a man, but sharp enough to
cut a horse's ankle. No use trying to paint
or repair during such weather; in fact, there
are few things that can be done except car¬
ing for the stock, cutting wood and keeping
good-natured. The last is hardest of all.
The hens are still doing their duty, the cow
keeps on with her milk, and the horses look
well. Too bad we can't do what we planned,
but at least we know that we are willing, and
that our plans were sound.

We must remember that there are others.
This is a dull season everywhere. Last week
I was snowbound on a train. We were held
up at a little place in Jefferson Co., N. Y.,
over eight hours, with nothing to do but
meditate, sleep or get out in a snowdrift and
exercise. 1 waded through the snow and
found a place where food could be bought.
In former years I have had something to say
about the slavery of the pie-eating habit, but
in this case I was very glad to buy a big
piece of apple pie and eat every crumb of it.
People up in that snowy country took the
cold and the big drifts as very common things
and made no complaint. A good proportion
of the men wore fur coats. I had been told
that only actors and millionaires can afford
to wear furs, but these farmers had surely
joined the “upper classes.” Some of the
houses and barns in that country were fairly
buried in snowdrifts. They will hardly be
free before May ! I wondered how the Win¬
ter was going ’ with those who are prisoned
there bv ill-health or Inability to get out.
What a blessing a good sound “reading habit”
is under such circumstances. Philip says this
Winter in New Jersey is worse than the one
he passed in Norway last year, and I can well
believe it. I would like to know what books
people are reading this Winter. Philip is
reading “The Making of An American,” by
Jacob A. Ttiis. I wish that every man who
comes here from Europe could read that
book. There are also some so-called Amer¬
icans who date far back to Plymouth Rock
who are hardly half made yet. AVe prize
our copy of this book because the Madame
bought it instead of buying a seat in a parlor
car last year when she went to Boston !
Emma reads the papers thoroughly, and I
am reading AA'atson’s “Story of France” at
all odd times. So, gentlemen, let’s work as
we can. read and keep good-natured. I don't
give this advice to the women folks, for they
are always good-natured and cheerful. The
men folks should stop thinking about their
age and their debts, and tackle more cheer¬
ful subjects. Now is the time to bring out
the best food there is in the house. Clean up
and look as nice as you can, and have good
light at night. Be cheerful if it cracks a
rib to do it !

Tun SorTir. — The news from Florida is
better. After the freeze the leaves on the
orange trees died and hung on like the evi¬
dence of death. The farmers watched them
anxiously, for if the whole tree were dead
many of those dead leaves would stay on.
If, however, the wood was alive new growth
would start and then the dead leaves would
be thrown off. For some days after the freeze
the weather was cold and the leaves stuck.
Still our folks hoped. Finally there came a
warm rain and the trees fairly peeled oil',
which indicates life in the wood and a pros¬
pect for a new growth. From what I hear
Florida has rallied bravely from Jack Frost's
blow. Uncle Ed thinks his grove will re¬
cover. Our potatoes were not planted, with
the exception of a small garden spot. The
plants on this were not up when the freeze
came. Now they are above ground and look¬
ing well. Everyone drew a deep sigh of relief
when the leaves peeled off the trees — all but
the children. The little girl expressed their
views when she said : “Now we have no place
to play hide and go seek !” You see the child
could not understand what that leaf-peeling
meant. To her it merely spoiled a good game.
How was she to know what it meant to those
whose work and money and hopes were in the
trees? AVhat are the oldest of us but chil¬
dren developed more or less? The views we
take of what to us seem f Tie most serious
things of life may well appear childish to
Him who knows the end ! The last report
I have is that our folks had nine barrels ojf
potatoes planted, with about six barrels more
to go in. The rains have begun, but I do
not think the seed will rot. Charlie wants
to plant another crop in September, sowing a
crop of cow peas in between. This looks like
a good scheme, and I am ready to try it in¬
stead of pasturing hogs. Among the dozens
of letters asking about the South is the fol¬
lowing from Wisconsin :

“Please let me know what you think the
prospects are for a young man with $1,000
to go to the central part of Louisiana and
start in the chicken business. The markets
are good for both eggs and chicken.”

I don’t know anything about Louisiana. If
the markets are good I think a careful man
can surely hatch and raise the chickens at a
less cost than at the North. I think there
would be a fair chance for such a m:ui in
Florida. The hotels and boarding houses
cannot get enough eggs and chickens from
nearby sources. People go to Florida, put up
at hotels and think they are living on the
very fat of the land. In many cases they are
eating eggs, chickens, beef, butter and simi¬
lar things out of New York cold storage
houses. This food is actually sent down and
sold at a profit. Now if this cold storage stuff
can be sent all this distance I see no reason
why a man may not ship himself down and
produce the goods there. Few, if any. have
done this, tint that is no reason why it can¬
not be done. I am asked if Florida is a place
for a Northern man to live all the year
around. I don't know. I am going to try to
get down there while the country is at its
worst, and see. One thing is sure ; the way
the State gets on its feet after a blow from
Jack Frost that seemed to loosen the teeth
and crack the ribs excites my admiration !

Pasture Crops With Rye. — Here is a ques¬
tion from a Jerseyman :

“I have three acres of young rye that I
shall pasture off in the Spring. Is there any
kind of seed that I can sow and harrow in
like clover that will inane me Summer pas¬

ture for dairy cows? I would like to plow
and sow Scarlet clover in August. Oround
is in good heart.” a. g. si.

If, as 1 understand it, you want this pas¬
ture crop to grow while the cows are eating
off the rye, I do not know of anything that
will answer. In my experience cattle kill
out a young crop as they eat the rye. They
tramp it in and nibble it too close. For hogs
I have used Dwarf Essex rape in this way
by keeping the stock off the rye until the rape
was started, but this crop is not good for
cows. I would divide the field and let the
cows feed part of it down close, then while
the ground was wet sow oats in the mud.
With thick seeding you should have a fair
stand which will give some pasture after
the rye is done. Another part of the field
can be seeded to sorghum. I have never
found such things profitable for cattle graz¬
ing. Those tender crops can be cut and car¬
ried to the stock, but pasturing tramps them
down too much and causes great loss.

Corn Fodder for Horses. — A Rhode Island
man asks these good questions :

“Can you tell me whether to cut or shred
corn fodder for horses? Is silage good for
horses? Hay brings very good prices in
Rhode Island, and l know from experience
that corn fodder, either green or dry, makes
a very good substitute for horse feed when
used with a good grain ration, but the horses
do not eat the dry corn fodder clean, and the
stalks are troublesome in the manure. Straw
is worth almost as much as hay In the mar¬
ket, sometimes more, and cut or shredded
corn fodder would make the cheapest bedding
I could get. Shall 1 buy a cutter or shred¬
der? Of course I shall need a larger engine
to run the shredder. I shall feed both horses
and cows, but more horses.” l. j. w.

All I can give is my own experience. So
long as we grew corn we shredded the stalks.
AVe have a machine which cuts or shreds as
desired. The shredder tears and splits the
stalks by striking it with sharp, curved teeth,
using a motion not unlike that of scratching
with the bent fingers. AA'e like the shredded
fodder better than the cut. The latter gives
small pieces with sharp edges, which some¬
times cut the gums or tongue. The shredded
fodder is soft. AA'ith us the shredded fodder
is eaten better and makes better bedding. AA’e
used it as a complete substitute for hay, feed¬
ing wheat bran and linseed meal with it. The
increased value of t lie manure and the sup¬
ply of bedding will alone pay for shredding.
On a farm where corn is grown and where
hay and straw bring good prices we should
certainly shred and feed the stalks. AVhat
is the use of feeding $”0 hay to horses, or
bedding them with $20 straw, when $8 corn¬
stalks can be made to answer? I have never
fed silage. Opinions from those who have
done so vary, with the weight of argument, I
think, against the practice. A man situated
as you are, with horses to feed and a good
market for hay, should never be satisfied
until he has a good field in Alfalfa. If you
can get Alfalfa well started you can average
to cut twice as much of it per acre as you
could of Timothy. It would be just the
thing to feed with the shredded fodder, and
it will add to the value of the manure. The
more Alfalfa you feed the more corn and
grass you can grow.

Picking Stones.— Here is a question which
bobs up every day in the year — when stones
are felt or remembered :

“My farm is situated in AA’arren Co., N. J.,
and is very gravelly and stony ; no large ones,
but a great many the size of double fists and
smaller. I have hand-picked hundreds of
loads, but there are a great many yet. I
should like to know if there is any way these
stones can be gathered by horse power. If
they could be got together in windrows or
piles it would be a great help. Has there
ever been any machine made to gather them?
If so, I should like information, as these
stones are a great hindrance to cultivation.
I should consider my farm one-third more val¬
uable if it were comparatively free from
these small stones. I think our American
genius ought to invent something in this line,
as we have machinery for doing almost
everything now.” j. c.

Some years ago T went all through this. I
found that some farmers use so-called stone
rakes with fair success. AVeeders and hay
rakes have been used, but they were built for
lighter work, and break too easily. Some
people take a log or plank and drive stout
pins through, sloping to the front. AA'hen
these are dragged along the ground they catch
many small stones and drag them into piles.

I heard from a Canadian once who bought
a steel rail from a railroad, hitched a team at
each end and hauled it back and forth over
the ground. This dragged many stones into
“windrows,” where they could be picked up,
but I do not understand that any of these de¬
vices were very successful. Stone-picking is
a bad job at best. If any one has a way of
making it easy let us hear from him by all
means. That’s one thing about Florida.
There isn't a stone down There' large enough
for a. boy to throw. Never break windows
then? Certainly they do — with pine cones,
oranges or sticks. h. w. c.

AA'hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply anu
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

Why Pay
Repair

THE FARMERS*
HANDY WAGON

Built for hard knocks and
heavy loads. Storm and sun
proof. Low Steel Wheels
make easy loading. Wide
tires prevent cutting In soft
ground. Will carry any load
a team can haul.

Steel Wheels

AVe furnish steel wheels to fit
any axle. All sizes from 20
inches up. Any width of tire
from 2 io 8 inches. Straight
or staggered oval spokes.
Catalogue Free.

EMPIRE MFC. CO.,
Box 70 E, Quincy, III.

A 4 Per Cent .
investment

with the money absolutely
safe and always available, is
an ideal disposition of Trust
Funds or Individual Savings.

This Bank accepts deposits
in any amount, and pays in¬
terest at Four Per Cent,
compounded semi-annually.

It has an international rep¬
utation, and does a great deal
of its business by mail.

Write for the Depart¬
ment H booklet.

The UNION
SA VINGS
BANK

Capital $2,000,000
Frick Building

PITTSBURG, Pa.

There are only two classes of Root Cut¬
ters. There is only one in the first
class. That one is the

BANNERS,

It’s the one with the self-feed¬
ing, shaking grate— shakes I
out all dirt, gravel, etc. Saves
the knives and makes clean,
wholesome stock food. It lit¬
erally makes ribbons of all
roots and vegetables. Fre- I
vents all choking. Itcutsfastl
and turns easy. Thousands In I
Plfuse and not a single com- 1
lrplaint. We make the Banner I
in 7 sizes for hand and power. I
Our Illustrated Catalogue
I tells the whole story. Ask for it. It’s Free.

|o. E. THOMPSON & SONS, Ypsilantl, Mich.|

Largest Root Cutter Makers in the World.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK ANDTOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight iiml durable.

Our Towers will stand In any storm.

Get our references in your Heetion. Also
our illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

IS ’MEND-A-RIP"

Does all kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

Does all kind*
pOf light and
heavy riveting
- 8* v g ms Prioi of Ithklt
Mast Timks a Year. A Perfect
Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Khow it Mean* a Kale. Agenta
make from #8 to #15 a day. One

_ agent made |20 first day and writes to Hurry

morc"niachines to him. Write for special agents’ price.

J.C. Foote Foundry Co., Fredericktown, O.

The Great Agents Supply H ouse.

Insures quick, healthy growth
Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

95

to

Evans Potato Planter

Barrels

Insures more barrels per acre, fewer THE BEST
missed hills, and more ground planted POTATO
with one man or boy, than any Planter PLANTER
on the market. IN the world

Theodore A. Richardson, of Mars Hill. Maine, says: "Tho i. wha» thousands ol users

year 1902 was an off year* for large yields of potatoes. " v „ „ J ' 'i

However, I planted mine with an EVANS and raised 812 . . .

barrels on 8 acres of ground. 1^ don’t think there was 20 Planter proves It to he trot

missed hills on the whole piece. The year 1903. from 7 acres, “ I I

I raised 880 barrels. Tl»6 EVANS is light draft, plants tho No troub,e ,0 an,w,r *«••*

seed just right, and is the best planter made. I know, tor ) tlons. Writs ut for full

have used the others." information

If you are interested In GRAIN DRILLS, HARROWS, CORN
PLANTERS, CORN DRILLS, or One-Horse WHEAT DRILLS,
write for Free Catalogues.

SUPERIOR DRILL CO.

106 Monroe Street Springfield, Ohio

"We Pay The P'rciftlit.

npCD| CCQ cn* I CQ CO C nn For Form and Stock usage they are nequaled. The

i LLiiLloO OuALLO <5)0 JiUUi “Peerless” is a 5-ton t mponnd Beam, Wagon and

Stock Scale. Its material and workmanship is of the best obtainable, and each scale is
guaranteed for li -e years. This is not an iiu rior Scale, and in order to con¬
vince, will send It n thirty days’ trial. Send for our catalogue. Address
PEERLESS SCALE CO., Milwaukee and Ft. Scott Aves., Dept, z Kansas City, Mo.

One Man Better Than Two

tv of Ir make gardening so simple, so easy, that with them one

* ItUlCl Jl. VulUCU I GUIS man brings larger and better returns than two, and some¬
times half a dozen, under the old methods. They pay for themselves in a season. For a thoroughly
up-to-date, reliable handbook of garden tools get our finely-illustrated 1 !M>5 1’lunet Jr. Catalog. It
contains information which will help make your year’s work successful. Sent free on application. The
catalog describes the entire l’lanet Jr. line, including plain and combined seeders, wheel hoes, hand and
walking cultivators, harrows, one and two-horse cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc.

No. 12 Double Wheel Hoe

Is a light-running, perfectly-working tool— a favorite everywhere. With cultivator and plow attachments
it may tie converted inio implements without equal for weeding, cultivating, furrowing, ridging etc.
W orks between or astride rows ; to or from plants. Anyone can tit attachments in a moment. .

No. 3 Hill And Drill Seeder

is always chosen when a thoroughly reliable, never-get-outrof-order seeder Is
required. 1’lantsaU garden seeds in continuous rows or in hills 4, C, 8.12 c
V 24 inches apart. Changed instantly. No waste in stopping; no hills

missed in starting. slarksrowsoto20inchesnpart. Opensfur- lA So.

~ . ' ' ' Hill

ami
Drill
Seeder

rows, drops seed, covers and rolls as fast as
operator can walk. Don’t lull to ^ct
the cutulog.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1107 Vf,

Philadelphia, Pa.

SIZES

3 to 13>4 feet

Agents

Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.

Made entirely of cast
__ steel and wrought irojj
siss — indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.
^“Aa Ideal Harrow” by

_ _ Henry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES) 1 IO W. Washington St., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St.(
KANSAS CITY. MO. 210 10th ^^U.SyjLLE.^ Cor. W^.nd W. C.y SU.. COLUMBUS, OHIO,

-S3

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February S',

i Bo

FEED AND DAIRY NOTlS.
Balanced Rations for Cows.

I want a balanced ration for milch cows
using all the cotton-seed mea! practicable,
since the fertilizer value appears to be much
greater in this material than In other feeds.
Also give me a ration for a cow in milk
which I intend to fatten for butcher. For
roughage 1 have corn silage and oat straw.
Oats are selling for 40 cents. Middlings and
bran $24. The cotton-seed meal and gluten
feed is not on market here; we would have
to order them in car lots. n. y. m.

Grantsville, Md.

For a milk ration, suppose you try the
following

Carbohy-

40

lbs.

corn silage...

rrotein.

. .52

drates.

5.64

Fat.

.24

3 0

4 4

oat straw . . .

. .12

3.86

.08

4

<4

cottonseed meal 1.60

.82

.38

2

<4

coarse bran..

. .25

.81

.06

2

“

ground oats

.18

.95

.08

Total

12.08

.84

I

should not care

to feed

over

four

pounds per day of cotton-seed meal, un¬
less the cows were of extra size and good
feeders. Two quarts per day (three
pounds) I would consider about all that
should be fed under ordinary circum¬
stances, although when grain is fed with
silage our experience has been that cows
will stand heavier feed and much more of
it than when dry fodders are exclusively
used for roughage. For fattening cows
you will find it a very good ration if
you will replace the oats with hominy or
corn meal.

I am now feeding my cows 40 pounds corn
silage (containing ears), three pounds glu¬
ten feed, three pounds bran, beside all the
Alfalfa hay they can eat. I wish to know
If such feed will make a balanced ration.

Clarksville, N. Y. G. l.

Assuming that your cows eat 10 pounds
per day of Alfalfa hay, your ration will
analyze as follows

Carbohy-

Protein.

drates.

Fat.

10

lbs.

Alfalfa

bay .

. . .1.10

3.96

.12

40

lbs.

corn silage .

. . . .52

5.64

.24

3

lbs.

wheat

bran

. . . .38

1.22

.0!)

3

lbs.

glut on

feed.

. . .1.10

3.96

.12

Total . . . .

...2.71

12.36

.53

This is a splendid ration, although a lit¬
tle in excess of what the standard calls
for protein (2.50). The cows ought to
do finely on it, and keep in first-class
condition. If convenient offer them a
small feed of oat straw or coarse fodder
of some kind two or three times a week.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

HOW TO BREED THE MARE.

TTow shall I breed my mare to get the best
results? She is a western (branded) mare
eight years old, weighing between 000 and
1,000; an easy keeper, color gray; disposi¬
tion in some respects good, but inclined to
be cunning. I am a R. F. D. mail carrier,
and keep two horses, but as during the time
the mare would be raising her colt the roads
are generally good could spare her.

Grand Rapids, O. H. M. w.

We should not breed her at all; if we
did we should breed her to a road-bred
or a coach stallion. We would not breed
her if we used her on the road, as we
hardly think it would pay. bell Bros.

Wooster, O.

It would be an opinion of mine that
you should breed such a mare to a horse
of good size, say not over 1,200 pounds,
of good conformation and disposition,
with good breeding, pure gaited, of solid
color, say bay or chestnut, with good feet
and limbs ; plenty of bone.

Geneva, O. geo. w. martin.

If inquirer wants a draft horse, I would
breed to a grade Percheron or something
of that kind in his part of the country.
If he is after a road horse, would breed
to any fairly well-bred horse in his sec¬
tion. This is evidently a ranch mare,
and would raise nothing more than a good
business colt from either breed of horse.

Canastota, N. Y. h. r. Murray.

Breed her to a well-bred, well-formed,
good-dispositioned trotting-bred stallion
that weighs not less than 1,250 pounds.
Select a stallion that has a good broad
forehead ; one that is biddable, and one
that has a reasonable amount of actual
use on the farm, or on the road. If your
mare weighed 1,100 pounds your success
might be just as great to breed to a good
draft stallion. The real future value of

your colt when it comes will depend on
your ability to handle and feed him.

Mt. Pleasant, O. o. w. patterson.

AILING ANIMALS.

A Case of Bone Spavin.

Will you give me a remedy for bone spavin?
I have a fine mare that has been limping
slightly xor about two months now. She does
not limp on a start, but after a short drive
anu stop she then limps on a second start,
tue doctor found the affection in the knee
joint and pronounced it bone spavin. I)o you
really believe there is a permanent cure for
bone spavin? If so. will it leave the leg dis¬
figured or enlarged in any way? n. it.

Clara, Md.

From the tone of your letter it occurs
to me that nature and rest in a box stall
will do much toward promoting a cure
of your animal. Great care should be
observed in using blisters to see that the
hair follicles are not injured or de¬
stroyed. I doubt your mare having a
bone spavin, but if she has, and there is
a bone deposit, you cannot remove it,
while she may recover from the lame¬
ness. I have had good results from giv¬
ing one drachm iodide of potassium once
a week in the drinking water for three or
four weeks, and the using of a blister
made of iodine crystals one part and two
parts vaseline mixed, once a day for a
few days. m. d. williams, d. v. s.

DORSET RAM FOR SA.E

ELKTON STOCK FARM, Forest Depot, Va.

COR SALK T horoughbred Scotch Collie Cow dogs
■ WM. WILDGRUBE, No. Franklin. De’.. Co. N. Y.

POULTRY SUPPLIES

“ The Kind that Make Eggs— All per 1O0 lbs
Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells. 60c; Mico Grit tor
Poultry. 60c.: Mico Grit for Pigeons. 60c : MlcoGritfor
Chicks O' c ; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food $1.85;
Saul s Poultry Mash Food $2: Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2;
Saul's Chick Food. $2.50: Cur Clover,$l 60: Clover Meal.
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25: Pure Meat
Meal, $2 25: Pure Meat h nd Bone. $2 25; Pure Poultry
Bone. $2.25; Pure Bone Meal. $2.25; Hemp Seed. $3.60;
Sunflower Seed. $4.25; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue mailed free.

t’HAS F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street. Syracuse, N. Y

EEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April batched ducks, $130 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked. $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs fur incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New Voik City. 8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE DR UE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

A Var’s Poultry. Pigeous. Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
U 1 1 Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
VV Ratos free. J A. BERGEY. Box 8, Telford. Pa,

DDCn rflR EftfiC -Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
Dncu run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding. Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

BUFF White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15. $1.25 per 30,
$2 per CO. Cir. free. JOliN A. ROTH. Quakertown, Pa.

D p Blk Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs. Bar.
11 ’ u‘ Rocks, Wh. & Bf. W yandottes. Iteds.Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks. Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO . B.. Delaware, N. J.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg: Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
1’rices. R. B. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE — Extra flue White Wyandotte Cockerels
for breeding purposes. E. F. Kean. Stanley. N. Y.

W YANDOTTES. White, Buff, Silver L. and Gold.
TT LEGHORNS. Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCKS, Barred. Buff and White. Brahmas. Cochins,
R. I. Reds, Minorcas and other breeds in Cockerels
and Hens. Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm, Carpenter, O.

QHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar-
■ % red Rocks, White and Silver Wyandottes; hardy,
prolific, farm bred. pure stock. For BIRDS. moderate
prices, or a GGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTER
SHERMAN, 25 Boulevard, Middletown, R. I.

jf Q j r Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.

V Standard bred pigs for sale.

. ■ w I JP Honest dealing my motto. M. L.

bowersox,R.3; Bradford, Dk. Co, O

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES £,prJ„*„r

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

O. 1. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalia.N Y.

Lj CT C? feJS 1 DETC^— Y Oung Boars,
V/ I B & Cf 1 ■ B ■ % Sows and 3-month

Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S. HHiT-i. Freeville, N. Y.

POLAND CHINAS

Send for Catalogue at once, this will appear but
once. JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

Prevents and cures cholera
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Kills and expels worms
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

GED3STEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

ROE’S

FAMOUS HERO

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian
Cattle to be Sold

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,11)01, and considered the best Jersey buii
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a t wo-year old.

_ ^ few choice Hull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
81 REAMER and GOLDEN FERN S LAD out of im
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
IIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINOKCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTKS.

Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

WHITE SERINGS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTAN3,
No. 6340 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6810.

Such Cows as Imp. Deauie 7th, 50*4.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 4 7 0.2 lbs. of but¬
ter In one year. Azalia of Klorham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, SOS. 4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair lor 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice t*-o year old heifers for sale at
from $100 to $300, also several mature bulls.

FIFTY BLACK MAM¬
MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad¬
dle stalMons all registered or
subject to registry. Our prices
are as low as any firm will make
them giving a responsible guar¬
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J, F. COOK & CO.,

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A tine lotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky If
you want a good jack.

,1 E E. WRIGHT,
Junction City , Kentucky.

Before April, J05

Throat trouble makes it necessary for
me to move to a drier, milder climate.
At this place more great A. R. O. record
cows have been bred than at any other
place in the world. Aaggre Cornu¬
copia Pauline, the Champion Butter
Cow ot the World, was bred and is
how owned here. Herd will be sold
either singly or all to one purchaser.

H. D. ROE, Augusta, N. J.

STAR FARM HOLSTFINS.

First Mid-Winter Offering!

20 Twenty Service Bulls 20

About one year old sired by the great Mercedes
Julip's Pietertje's Paul, whose dam Mercedes Julip’s
l Pietertje was the liiUO world’s champion butter
record cow, A. it. o. 29 6 7 lbs. in seven oays. ’

Also by Belie Korndyke Beryl Wayne, a son of
Belle Korndyke. A. It. O. seven day record 25.12.3 1 s.
She also lias produced three daughters with greater
combined official butter records than any other cow
in the world. These bulls are fiom official tested
dams, one with a three year old record of 21.61 lbs.
butter in seven days, official average per cent, of
fat 4 14 Circulars sent on application.

HORACE L. BRO.nSON, Dept. D.. Cortland. N Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN- FKIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strorg
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kiud you want W'rite or come to see
them. 1<6 to select from. A"ituals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that w ill please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bell Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
Deivol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODGREST FARM, Rita, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

uni QTFIftl Rill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A

IIULO I L-! Ii DULLOfew choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboio, N.Y.

FflR QA| F Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull
I Ufl unLL Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

BR I LL' FARM.

___ HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home oi Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.
E. C. DRILL, Pougliquae:, N. ¥.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The tinest lot of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,

RAKER’S JACK FARM,

Hox 1, Lawrence, Ind.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHRY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Springbank Berkshires.

I have some grand 11 months old Service Boars.
Some Spring Gilts and Boars, and some Yearling
Sows; will breed them for Spring litters. All flrst-
class individuals.

J. E. WATSON, Proprietor. Marbledale, Conn.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsville, N. J.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. Write for
prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; we refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Erclldpun, Chester Co., Pa.

BERKSHIRE PIGS, Sows bred, Female Collie Pups, llurred
Rocks, Hens and Cockerels, Standard Bred Stock. Greatly
red need juices for ten days. W. A. LOTHKHS, Lack, Pa.

REGISTERED BERKSHIRE H06S FOR SALE

One herd Boar, Dorset Lad of Riltmore. One young
Boar, His Majesty Glen, by Royal Bachelor, Cham¬
pion Boar International. 15 Gilts and young Boars
by Dorset Lad of Biltmore, Royal Bachelor, Sir J no.
Bull and Uncle Sam out of sows weighing from 6 to
800 pounds.

ELKTON STOCK FARM, Forest Depot, Va.

PERCH EBON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions Scotch Colli.,
Pups. E.S. AKIN, Auburn. N.Y”

JERSEYS

Highest honors at World’s Fair, Chicago, and Pan
American, Buffalo, were tvon by us. Can furnish
young nulls of the very best bi’eeding, and Splendid
Individuals, at reasonable prices.

BEECHLANDS FARM

East Aurora New York

B Combination and
J Golden Lad. For
m sale II cows, 1 ] beif
" ers and 23 bulls.

S. E. NIVIN, LANDENRJSRG, PA.

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Ileifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher. Aurora. N.Y.

PtegistorecL «T ersoys

9 Heifers, 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “Sire a Purest, Lambert.’’

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

REGISTERED HEREFORD BULLS FOR SALE

Our Herd Bull Peerless Wilton. 4 vears old Three
yearling Hereford Bulls and Bull Calves, 2 to 0 ntos ,
by such noted Sires as Peerless Wilton, Van and
Beau Donald.

ELKTON STOCK FARM, Forest Depot, Va.

DELAWARE HERD

Aberdeen-Angus

Herd headed by Prince Barbara, a son of the
Imported $9,100 Highland Champion Bull Prince Ito.
All leading families represented. Males and Females
for sale at business prices, that cannot be duplicated
anywhere in the East, some of them sired by such
noted bulls as Prince Ito and Elflock.

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

HOLSTEIN BULL ““SfaSj

Born December 21, 1903. Weight, 8001bs. Largely white, DeKol markings. A fine individual. Rich vel low
hide and horns. SIRE ’ Mutual Friend 3ds. Paul," whose dam made -2 lbs. 13 oz. in 7 days, her milk testing
4 *«7 per coij t .

DAM, made 13 lbs. 4 oz. at4 years and was sired by a son of “ Paul DeKol ’’ that has 8 A.R 0 daughters
AT THE PRICE I WILL SELL YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO USE A GRADE.

“Oakland Farm,”

d.T. Mitchell, Weedsport, IM, V,

€30- GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS-OO

Write for prices for best bred and finest HULL CALVES in America. Fine show anima’s one month
to one year old; Sire contains one-half the blood of Katy SPOFFORD CORONA, the World’s Champion
Heifer in her class. In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS, America's leading strain for 22 years. ENGLISH BEBKBHIRES
Long Distance ’Phone. ^ E. h. KNAPP & SON, Fabius, N. Y.

1905,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 5 T

FEEDING RATION FOR STEERS.

What is the quickest way anrl the best feed
for fattening feeders? I have three head;
have for feed Timothy hay, shorts, bran,
shelled corn and oil meal, and water once a
day at noon, if you think it the proper
time. I give no bedding. What proportions
of the above feed mentioned should be fed
three time a day? h. c.

If the steers are to be fattened in the
shortest possible time, it will be wise to
give them all the concentrated feed they
will digest and assimilate; any more will
not only be a waste, but tend to retard
the animals’ growth. To determine this,
watch their appetites, being careful to feed
so that they are eager for the next meal.
Then watch carefully the droppings; if
there is much of the grain passing them,
they arc getting too much ; note, too, if
there is a strong and offensive smell,
when tirst coming into the stable, a sure
indication of indigestion. The Timothy
hay is probably the dearest feed in the
list, although no prices arc given. Hence
I would feed all they will eat twice a day,
after they have eaten their grain. Corn
is the cheapest, but I would certainly have
it ground. The increased amount the
steers will get out of it will more than
pay for the grinding. I should feed three
parts cornmeal, two parts shorts, one part
oil meal, by weight. Give it in three feeds,
and gauge the quantity by what they will
consume and digest. If they are watered
twice a day, their digestion will be better,
but they should not have to make much
exertion to get the water. Whether the
growth will pay for the feed is another
question, but it is certain that if it will
pay to feed at all with the expensive foods
at hand, it will pay to get them fit as
possible. Their digestion may be helped
by giving a gill a day in two feeds of the
following mixture: 100 pounds oil meal,

5 pounds common salt, 5 pounds Epsom
salts, 5 pounds powdered charcoal, 4
pounds saltpetre, 4 pounds powdered gen¬
tian, 3 pounds fenugreek. This can be
given with the morning and night feeds,
and if the oil meal is fed in the ration
as above it can be left out of this com¬
bination. E. VAN ALSTYNE.

Intestinal Worms of Sheep.

I have an old pasture where sheep have
run many years. Each Summer I lose sev¬
eral lambs. I am told the trouble is intes¬
tinal worms, that breed in such pastures.

If this is so. is there any remedy? I do not
find it possible to use another field for this
purpose, and I would like to continue to keep
shpeP- A. T. w.

Garrett Co.. Md.

I his is a question that is continually
coming up. Undoubtedly the trouble is
intestinal worms, from which cause 1 be¬
lieve more sheep die each year than from
dogs. The trouble is with the old sheep,
not with the old pastures. The same
trouble may, and does occur in pastures
where sheep have not previously been
kept. The “remedy” is to prevent the
worms getting into this pasture and so to
be picked up by the lambs by treating the
old sheep. The worms are in their last
stomach, and can be killed by the fumes
of gasoline. To this end, as soon as the
lambs are dropped, give each ewe in the
tlock a tablespoon fill of gasoline, with
two tablesDOonfuls of milk. Do not dilute
it any more, as it is the vapor, not the
gasoline itself, that kills the worms. Re¬
peat the dose the next day, being careful
to give it on an empty stomach, say 12
hours after the sheep are fed. It will
be wise again to do this after an interval
ot two weeks. r\ here will then be no
evgs to hatch in the pastures. I do not
think a lamb has ever been born with
intestinal worms. If salt, to which they
should always have access, is sprinkled
with turpentine, it will also be a help.

In giving the gasoline it is important that
the sheep should be kept standing in as
near a natural position as possible, so
that she is not strangled, nor the gasoline
go only into the first stomach. A most
valuable preventive for worms in sheep,
and hogs as well, is pumpkin seed. Tt will
pay any farmer who keeps either of these
to grow pumpkins for this purpose alone.

As a food they have a great value and
ordinarily are not appreciated.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

Winter Feed for Sheep.

1 improve on my grain ration for
sneep f Clover is impossible to buy, bean fod-
aer very scarce, so I have to feed bean fod-
<ier once, straw once, and grain once per
«ay, about all the grain they will eat; Win-
foo<1 :{0° pounds, old-process oil

Y'f1 pounds, corn 150 pounds, mixed

Ytii1(1 a mixture with Ajax or gluten
0 ..Wthme °f this kind, be better?

"estern New York. reader.

I he questioner does not say what kind
f.'' s"eeP they are, nor what the feeds cost,
■n any case this cost is important. If
they are breeding ewes to feed all the
giain they will eat before lambing is un¬
wise. First, they will not pay for it; sec¬

ond, it will be likely to cause trouble with
the udders at lambing time. If good,
bright corn fodder could be secured, and
substituted for a part of the straw, it
would be a wise move. If they are fat¬
tening sheep, then it will be wise to feed all
the grain they will digest, and there is
not much danger of sheep eating too
much. In such a case I would feed 300
pounds of corn and 150 pounds of “mixed
feed, ’ with the 100 pounds of oil meal. I
would also feed the grain in two feeds
instead of one, if it is desired to fatten
them quickly. In this case I do not be¬
lieve it would pay to give the gluten
or Ajax. If they are ewes with lamb,
either is a good milk producer, better
than the “mixed feed,” and the protein
can be purchased at less cost than in this
or the linseed meal. If it were possible
to give some roots (even small potatoes),
it would cheapen the ration and increase
the amount the sheep would get out of the
other feeds. e. van alstyne.

I he writer is not an expert on feeding
sheep, but will hazard an answer to this
question, being interested in this grain
ration. I assume the inquirer is keeping
breeding ewes, which if to be kept in
good condition, and if the stamina of the
flock is to be kept up, require a ration that
will put on more flesh than is often seen
on sheep. The grain ration as now fed
is all right for flesh keeping, but is rather
expensive, and I believe it can be cheap¬
ened and improved upon. First I note
mention of “Winter wheat mixed feed.”

I he Winter wheat feeds (bran, middlings
and mixed feed) are popularly supposed
to be better than those made from Spring
wheat, yet in reality they are not so good,
not having as much digestible protein,
carbohydrates or fat. They sell for $2
to .$4 more per ton than Spring wheat
products, and as our own experience has
taught us, do not furnish any more food.
Bulletin 147, just published by the Con¬
necticut Experiment Station, New Haven.
Conn., fully explains and gives analysis of
these and other feeds, and I would advise
anyone interested in the feed question to
get a copy. It is the best feed analysis
bulletin I have ever seen. Oil meal is
very good, but very high. Our old friend
(not much respected, however) cornmeal
will keep on flesh, but is not very eco¬
nomical. Hominy feed is better and
cheaper. Ajax style gluten (a distillers’
grain made from corn) is bulky, has a
high analysis in both protein and fat, and
will please you when mixed with other
feeds. A mixture of 300 pounds Ajax,
200 pounds standard Spring middlings and
100 pounds hominy feed is palatable, fair¬
ly bulky and will produce growth and
flesh, and I think would give satisfaction.
At present wholesale prices here it would
cost about $1.12 to $1.15 per 100 and per¬
haps $1.20 to $1.25 per 100 at retail. It.
will weigh about a pound to the quart, so
that the same bulk will go much farther
than the ration now being fed. Try it
and report results. h. g. Manchester.

Every Tubular
Starts
a Fortune

If you had a gold mine would you
throw half the gold away? Properly
managed dairies are surer than
gold mines, yet many farmers throw
hal f the gold away every day. The
butter fat is the gold — worth twenty
to thirty cents a pound. Gravity
process skimmers — pans and cans —
lose half the cream. Your dairy
can’t pay that way.

Like a Crowbar

Tubular Separators
are regular crow¬
bars — get right
under the trouble-
pry the mortgage off
j the farm. How?

Gets all the cream
—raises the quan¬
tity and quality
of butter — starts a
fortune for the
owner. It’s a
modern separator.

The picture shows.

Write for catalogue F-153.

THE SHARPLES CO. P. M. SHARPLES

CHICAGO, ILL. WEST CHESTER, PA

Tone up the horse’s appetite
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder.

Made by Pratt F ood Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props.

LAFAYETTE INDIANA

The Largest Importers in the World of

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHER0N
and BELGIAN STALLIONS

Wewonraoreprizes at the leading stock shows in 1004
than all other importers. A Iways on hand from 200 to 250
head of high class Stallions of the above breeds. We Im¬
port and Sell more Stallions than any other Importer and
have the Prize IV inners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. We can suit anyone wanting to buy a first class stallion in horse and price.
We guarantee all stock and sell on terms to suit the buyer. Last Importation arrived Dec. 20, 1904. in fine
condition. Large importation on the way and will be in the stables by lfeb. 15, 1905.
Correspondence invited.

J. CROUCH & SON
Lafayette, Ind

DEPARTMENT

BARNS

Sedalia, Mo.
Nashville, Tetm.
London, Ontario
San Jose, Cal.

Sure, safe, quick
Pratts Heave Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM .

STOCK LABEL.

BEST, LIGHTEST,
PLAINEST. CHEAPEST
fr-ru y i t s' samples

J: A. Jackson c Co,

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
poses, from K to 28 horse power.
Also Steam Rollers and Engines, Saw
Mills, Feed Mills, Cider Presses and
supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. C0„
39 Cortlandt St„ New York City.

QUAKER CITY

Two Hopper Mill

One for ear corn, the other for small grain. Grinds
eai corn and small grain at the same time or sep¬
arately to any fineness. Mixes
while grinding, also makes corn
meal for table use. We furnish

Special Plates

for different kinds of grinding,
built in eight sizes, one to twen¬
ty horse power. Shipped on trial.
Freight prepaid. Catalog free.
Thn A U I Qtrailh Pfl 3737 Flllurt 81. Philadelphia, Pa.
I lie H. tf. 0 IT all 0 UU. 47-49 Canal St., Chicago, Ilia.

PALMER

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

, No battery to start or run. The original
^speed-controlled friction-drive Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engine shaft. No
belts. No beveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel necessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fully ’Guaranteed.
MOTSINGKR DEVICE MFG. CO.,

58 Main Street, Pendleton, Ind., U.S. A,

A GOOD NAME TS BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and you will have reliable,
safe and economical power.
Ill'd Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

rr

Gasoline Engines

If you want
a Gas or Gas¬
oline Engine,

honestly con¬
structed, per
fectly equip¬
ped with the
best features
growing out
of 14 years of
. . . . , , ,, experience;

which yields the greatest power from
least fuel, and guaranteed to develop
the full horse power claimed, write

C. LAMBF RT Sas an^ Gasoline

\j. Dm 111 XL IV I Engine Company,

Anderson, Indiana. ,

J\

About the advisability of owning
a good power on your farm ? Are
you a bit uncertain and unde¬
cided about it? Why don’t you
let us ship you one of our

WOODPECKER

3'A Horse
Power

on

Then
wav,

“Woodpecker” GEa„*g°nSl

30 Days Free Trial?

you can
on your

decide in the right
own farm. We

couldn’t let you have an engine on this plan' if the “Woodpecker” was
an ordinary engine. It isn't. You won't need to build a foundation for
it, or make any kind of preparation. Just let us ship the engine and then
for 30 days you make it work for you. Saw wood, pump water, cut feed,
run a husker or shredder, or a cream separator. Make it do anything
you want done, and then decide whether or not you want to buy it.
\ will cost you less than one-half as

... * w much as a good team of horses, and

it wnl do more work, live longer, eat less, and will practically take care
of itself. Write to us. Send your name now and let us tell you our

full story. We won’t misrepresent anything and we won’t resort to any tricks. It is a square,
above-board deal, and the best way to decide the power question on your farm The engine
tested 3° days on your farm, costs you nothing if you don't keep it. The whole story is free!
Write for it now. Address, J

“WOODPECKER,” Mam street office, Middletown, Ohio.

All sizes up to IS horse power shipped complete , ready to run on
any dirt or board floor without the bother of building a foundation .

February 25

I 52

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

“OUR HENS.”

Wife and I are very much interested in
“our farm,” as we like to term our little
suburban home, and our liens and other
things. Now, Brothers Mapes, and Cos¬
grove, and Perkins, and you other ex¬
perts, don't get jealous when we tell you
what our biddies are doing. The weather
is zero, and these hens are laying, and lay¬
ing, and giving us more eggs now than
we get in Summer, more than we are
able to use; and we are blowing and
blowing about these hens and sending
dozens and half dozens of eggs all around
among our friends, and are getting a
mighty sight more pleasure in so doing
than if we were getting big money for
them.

Now, then, about them : We moved
here in the Spring of 1903, into a smoky
suburb of a very smoky city — coal and
iron ; there are several acres about our
home, and lots of ground, tilled and pas¬
ture, for the hens to run in, and shade,
shelter and water. During the Summer
of 1903 I built a small frame barn against
the south front of a high bank for a cow
stable and henhouse, with a hayloft over
both, and a continuation of barn as an
open-faced ( facing south) scratching shed
for the hens. All is exceedingly cosy and
comfortable, but we have no fire heat of
any kind; they are not at all frost-proof,
though, as I see some of the roosters have
had their combs frozen. The first year
we got a dozen or more hens, but our
success was indifferent. They were Ply¬
mouth Rocks, Games and Leghorns. This
year we have 37 hens, four roosters, and
eight October chickens, eight ducks and a
dozen pigeons — oh, such a happy family !

- — and we changed our hen man — the man
who does all manner of work about the
place. Of the hens nine are last-year
birds, mixed, and the others are White
and Brown Leghorns and Plymouth
Rocks, last April and May chickens. We
are now getting 9 to 15 eggs a day, and
this has been continuous since the first
of December.

How do we treat them? About 7.30 or
8 o'clock each morning the man opens the
hole in the henhouse and lets them out;
he then feeds them on a trough in the
scratching shed; feed consists of hot
boiled mangels and carrots (we raised them
for the cow, but have far too many, so
we boil them for the hens), thickened up
with bran and cornmeal ; then wheat,
cracked corn, whole corn and oats scat¬
tered through the hay on the scratching
floors. This is not measured, but only
enough that the fowls eat up clean is
given. About 4 P. M. they get another
boiled ration, and about 4 :30 they are
driven into the chicken house, and the
door and hole shut up for the night. They
also get such kitchen scraps as two collie
dogs don’t use up. The floors of both
henhouse and scratching houses are cov¬
ered with four inches deep of lawn grass
mowings containing much clover, and
dried to hay for this purpose, and is re¬
newed every 10 days or so. One part of
the floor is bare and deep in dry dust, and
they enjoy this sunny dust bath very
much. They get fresh warmed water
every day. And they get a big Drumhead
raw cabbage every day. We raised lots
of cabbage, and have them bedded in a
row out in the field. Each day the man
takes a cabbage and hangs it up by its
root, head down, on a nail on a post in
the scratching house, and with a knife
gives it two or three slashes across the
face; then the hens go for it, .and by
night they don’t leave a pick of it except
the stump. And the ducks eat it more
greedily than the hens. Before Christmas
we bought some turkeys and turned them
loose with the hens, and killed them as
we needed them, and they would eat cab¬
bage as hungrily .as a cow. But our cow
won’t eat them; she’s a pretty dainty little
Guernsey.

We have a good many heavy work horses,
but the stable is some way off from our
home place; however, T have a small load
of fresh manure sent up to a heap in our
poultry yard every morning, that the hens

may scratch in it, and we scatter a little
fresh oats in it to encourage them to
scratch. Although only 20 yards from
their door, in very cold or snowy weather
the chickens won’t go out near it, but if
at all fine or warm, they just scratch that
pile all over. We give them lots of
ground oyster shells, but no other pre¬
pared artificial foods of any kind.

Of course you may say, “No thanks to
your hens for laying,” and “their feed and
keep are more than their eggs are worth,
no matter how much they lay.” Now,
Pm not going to argue these points, for
they pay us. They make our home more
homey. We love to see them and to have
them. And the great pleasure it is to my
family to have these eggs to give away to
our friends who have no hens, and to
sick people whom we know, cannot be
measured in cash. And it is always a
delight to our visitors to "let’s go up
and see your chickens,” and what a joy
it is to children who come here to see
the hens and gather the eggs in the hen¬
house with their own little hands.

WILL RENOCLAF.

NO SHOES ON HORSES.

I note your editorial on page 86 with
regard to shoeing horses. I have not had
a shoe put on our farm horses for five
years. I find the shoeing of farm horses
in our country an unnecessary expense.
We sometimes use these horses on our
roads (clay) for a number of days con¬
tinuously with no bad results. The hoofs
soon become very tough and hard, and
will stand a lot of wear. Many farm
horses are kept shod to their detriment
and to the farmers’ financial loss.

Pennsylvania. j. t. Campbell.

R. N.-Y. — This is an excellent plan
where there are not many stones, and the
hoofs stand the wear safely, but many
horses have been so long dependent on
shoes that they cannot endure continuous
work barefooted.

TROUBLE WITH A COW.

What should be done for a cow retaining
the afterbirth after calving? Is there any
way of preventing a cow doing that each
time she calves? reader.

New York.

Removing the membrane by mechanical
means is the only sure treatment, but this
operation should not be attempted by an
inexperienced person. There is no sure
means of preventing this trouble. Cows
are much more liable to it when some¬
what run down before calving, hence a
little extra care previously will tend to
avoid it. One of the best tonics to use
as a preventive is fluid extract of Vibur¬
num prunifolium, commonly known as
Black haw. Give doses of one table¬
spoonful two or three times a week for
a month preceding calving. The use of
this, with proper care and feed, may pre¬
vent a recurrence of the trouble.

Tuttle’s Elixir

$100.00 REWARD.

Cures all species of lameness,
curbs , splints, contracted
cords , thrush, etc., in horses.
Equally good for internal
use in colic, distemper, foun¬
der, pneumonia, etc. Satis¬
faction guaranteed or money
refunded. Usedandendorsed
by Adams Express Company .
SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

TUTTLK’8 FAMILY ELIXIR Cures rheumatism, sprains,

bruises, etc. Kills pain instantly. Our 100-page

book, “Veterinary Experience,” Free.

TUTTLE’S ELIXIR CO.. 80 Beverly 8t., Boston. lass.

Bewsre of so-called Elixirs - none genuine but Tuttle’s.
Avoid all blisters: they offer only temporary relief if any.

It is Pratts
Animal Regulator.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

CREAM SEPARATORS

The advantages of the Centrifugal Cream Separator have
come to be so universally recognized that nobody longer questions
the importance of having a separator if they have cream to
separate.

It has become simply a question of whether they are going
to purchase the best separator, get the most value for their money,
and be sure of the best possible results in the handling of their
milk, or whether they are going to be induced to put their money
mto some second or third class machine making attractive but
largely false claims “on paper.”

This is the problem which confronts every intending purchaser
of a separator. He can make no mistake if he puts his money
into a De Laval machine. He must make a greater or less one
Ly buying any other.

The St. Louis Exposition gave the Highest Award to the
De Laval machines, as has every international exposition before
it. 98 per cent, of the creamery butter of the world is made
with De Laval machines. 600,000 users, or ten times all others
combined, have bought them. Each of these facts is conclusive
of itself.

The De Laval was the original cream separator and for
twenty-five years has made every new improvement. Would-be
imitating machines simply utilize the construction which expired
De Laval patents leave free to them. New patents still protect
all later improvements.

If you have use for a separator BUY a De Laval NOW.
Don’t delay making so profitable an investment another day.
Send for a De Laval catalogue at once giving all separator
information in detail and for name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,

SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,

MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,

TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

Don’t Bind on Track

Can’t jump off, don’t break fork pulley,
trips easily—

Louden Hay Carrier

We make a specialty of Carriers, Steel
Track, Switches, Pulleys, Hay Rack Fix¬
tures, Feed and Litter Carriers. Flexible
Born Door Hanger, best in the world. Send for
complete catalog of above and other hardware
specialties. Mailed free.

LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY,

39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

Harness

We seU custom made, oak-
tanned harness hy mail. All
st yles.G uaran teed to give sat¬
isfaction or goods returned
at our expense and money
back. Illustrated catalogue
V and price list Tree.

The KIN G II A K.\ ESS CO.
6 Lake St.

Oweiro, Tioga Co., Ji. Y.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, aDd other Sore Eyes,
BARRY (JO .. Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

DOG POWERS

.BEST. CHEAPEST

HARDER MFG. CO.,
Cobleskill. N. Y.

w

Mr

Want Power ?

Steam’s the dependable thing. Cheapest and made
simple enough and sate
enough for any user and
any purpose by

LEFFEL

Steam Engines.

Leffel stands always for
highest efficiency— w e 1 1
shown in its line of small
powers adapted to farm
uses. Quick steamers and
equal to any duty.
Many styles in up¬
rights and horizon¬
tals. Before you buy
inquire into Leffel
efficiency. Write for
_ large free catalog.

iL. The James
Leffel & Co.,

Box 146 (

Springlield.O .

Milk makes the money and Dr. Hess
Stock F'ood makes the milk. Like a
magic purse the farmer’s money bag
fills itself, though it is a conditional
favor dependent entirely upon his
knowledge and good management.

DR. HESS
STOCK FOOD

is not a condimental food, but a sci¬
entific 6tock tonic and laxative, the
famous prescription of Dr. Hess
(M.D., D.V.S.). which combines natu¬
rally with the ration fed, and is
eagerly taken up by the organs of
assimilation, causing increased vigor
and a greater flow of richer milk.
Dr. Hess Stock F'ood prevents indi¬
gestion, keeps the milch cow free
from disease and in a healthy con¬
dition during the entire milk-giving
period.

5

si per lb in 100 lb Hacks,
Y 25 lb pail $1. GO
Smaller quantitiei a
little higher. Small dose, I

Except In Canada
and extreme
West and South*

Sold on a Written Guarantee
DR. HESS & CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry

Should be in every stable
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

NEED A NEW ROOF

For old or new buildings of any kind use

PAROID ROOFING

The roof with quality and durability in it. You’ll be surprised at its low costand
longlife. Any one can apply it. Contains no tar. Slate color. Each roll contains
a complete roofing kit. Don’t take an imitation; get the genuine. Send for

Free Sample and book on “Building Kconomy.” Established In 1817.

F. W. BIRD & SOU, East Walpole. Mass,, or Monadnock Bldg,, Chicago.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 53

HOGS OR YEARLINGS ON CLOVER.

One of our readers in Michigan presents the
following problem : He has five acres of
clover that would average one ton of hay to
the acre, if cut. He wants to pasture this
lot during the Summer with little pigs or
yearling cattle. He asks us how many pigs
or yearlings he can pasture on these five
acres, and have them in a fair condition for
fattening in September. That would mean
about four months of pasture. The soil is a
strong clay loam. What would such pigs or
cattle, the former standard-bred Berkshires,
he expected to gain during the four months
on this pasture?

Of course we could make a rough esti¬
mate of the amount of stock and the gain
in weight that could be derived from five
acres of clover, but at the same time may
be very far from some people’s ideas. If
it could be cut up in one-acre plots with
woven wire fence, so as to pasture al¬
ternately, it could be made to afford much
more than if stock have the run of it all
at once, as one plot could be recovering
from feeding off while the others were be¬
ing fed. Then I would think 25 or even
30 good thrifty pigs could get sufficient
pasturage to make profitable gains for four
months, say 25 pigs and five head of
yearling Short-horn cattle, or any of the
beef breeds ; 25 pigs, weight 30 pounds
each when turned in, should gain 1 pound
per day for four months, or 120 days,
equal to 150 pounds per head at end of
four months pasturage, or 3,750 pounds for
the whole number. Then five yearlings,
weight 500 pounds each at time of going
to pasture (perhaps a low estimate for
good cattle), would gain lx/2 pound per
day, or 180 pounds each, making the
whole weight for five head 3,400 pounds.
This makes the whole number of pounds
gain for 25 pigs and five yearling cattle at
the above estimate 3,900 pounds. Of course
I may be in error, but there are many dif¬
ferent points to be considered. For an
extremely dry season this might be much
too high, while for an unusually wet sea¬
son there would be a much larger growth.
This estimate is open to criticism.

Lowell, Mich. m. t. story.

It would depend somewhat on the sea¬
son, as to the amount of rain at the prop¬
er time, etc. If good cattle of a beef
breed were chosen there would be suffi¬
cient feed for five or possibly eight head.
The gain of these ought to be about 200
pounds each. Should the five acres be
used for a hog pasture, I would consider
it as ample for 40 pigs, or half that num¬
ber of yearlings. It is supposed, however,
that the pigs would have other rations in
connection with the clover, such as milk,
shorts and a little corn. A gain of 75 to
100 pounds each can reasonably be ex¬
pected from these pigs. The yearlings that
are fed a ration of corn ought to make
a gain similar to the pigs. On a small lot
of three acres or less, with only a fair
stand of clover (heavy soil and high) we
kept 30 Spring pigs and two yearling

steers, and when it was flush we turned
in three horses. The feed remained good
all Summer and was best where kept
down most closely. c. s. allen.

Pulaski, Mich.

I would think five acres a small lot to
think of putting yearling cattle on, or
even hogs (at least Berkshires), for they
could not get enough exercise. I sold
for breeding purposes only in 1903 286
head, in 1904 347, besides the culls; they
go to the fattening pen. I have 20 or 30
acres of clover; use 5 to 10 acres at a
time, with 5 to 10 acres of rape. I shall
sow 20 acres of rape this year. I grew
March 23 pigs to weigh 376 pounds Sep¬
tember 25 (Durocs) last year on clover,
rape and middlings. I had a 12-year Cots-
wold ewe that raised a pair of ram lambs
that sold for $15 each; she sheared \2l/2
pounds of wool at 24 cents, fed on rape
and clover. As* to cattle, I do not have
very many, and cannot tell you about
feeding on five acres of clover, but I
would think if he had a good kind of
hogs and about two acres of rape, with a
good feed of middlings along with his
clover, he could grow perhaps 50 good
hogs L. R. KUNEY.

Adrian, Mich.

Profit in Pigs. — September 3, 1904, I
bought two Chester White pigs six weeks old,
for which I paid $6. They had all the sepa¬
rated milk they would drink, and all the
nubbins of corn they would eat clean. Jan¬
uary 26, 1905, they were killed, and when
dressed for market weighed 168 pounds each.
They were sold for 8% cents a pound, bring¬
ing $28.56, a net gain of $22.56, as I think
the manure paid for all the grain the pigs
ate. c. d. s.

Stepney Depot, Conn.

Coat, Tak for Iron Fence. — On page 59,
.1. N., Danby, Vt., inquires about coal tar to
paint iron fences. He says “one who thinks
he knows” says brush the fence over with
coal tar. This reply is from one who knows
he knows. I have used it for years; it is
the. best possible paint for iron. If the lead
paint on the fence is scaling, scrape off what
comes off easily, and then give two coats of
coal tar. The first coat will dry a dead
black and the second will give a nice gloss.
It is also much more durable than lead paint,
but if you want to keep it looking very nice
give it a thin coat every year. The coal tar
seems to form a chemical combination with
the iron and appears to become a part of it;

Commorv

Servse of a
Separator

There is nothing imaginary about the ad van¬
tage of a good separator. It's a simple com¬
mon-sense proposition. No one can deny
that a separator does save cream and it is
also a proven fact that the National Separator
will save enough to pay for itself the lirst

?rear. In addition to this there is a great sav-
ng of time and labor to be considered. A

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

is as much of a necessity to the
dairyman as a self-binder to the
grain grower. The National
is the Dest of all separators.
Write for our Hook 5o which
tells why.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National Separato/
can be purchased on our easy pay-
plan. This plan requires no
payment until the Separator has
proven its worth after five days’
trial. Then comes a small cash
payment; the balauce in easy
monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE CO.
Newark, N. J.

General Western Agents:
Hastings Industrial Co.,

70 Dearborn St., Chicago, I!!.
Desirable A pent s Wanted
in Unoccupied Territory

^2 Cream
Separator

FOR $25.00 we sell the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR. capacity, 200
pounds per hour; 350 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for $29.00:
500 pounds capacity pernourfor
534.00. Guaranteed the
equal ot Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
$75.00 to $ I 25.00.

OUR OFFER. JMKE

ratoron our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement if you
do not find by comparison,
test and use that it will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run llghterand
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepald for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
th Is ad. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big oiler and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

The Louse
Question

When your animals rub incessantly
at this season of the year, look out
for lice. This is especially true of
calves and colts. To meet this con¬
dition Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) for¬
mulated the famous instant Bouse
Killer, which kills lice on stock and
poultry.

INSTANT
LOUSE KILLER

kills ticks on sheep. It, being a powder,
can be applied in zero weather. Do not
wait for warm weather ; do not let the tick
eat up your profits ; kill him on the spot
with Instant house Killer. Put up in round
cans with perforated top, full pound 25 eta.

Sold on a positive written guarantee.
Be sure cf the word “Instant” on the
can ; there are 25 imitators.

1 lb. 25c ( Except In Canada

o „ _ „„ l and extreme

3 lbs. ,60c ( West and South.

If your dealer cannot supply you we will
forward I lb. by mail or express, prepaid,
for 35 cents.

*

J Manufactured by

DR. HESS & CLARK

Ashland, Ohio.

Pratts Food — original stock
food of America.

Over 30 years old.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our
For particulars write
Nat. Silo & LumberCo.

18 Pymatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

Cider Machinery — Send for Catalogue to Bcomer&
Boschert Press Co ,118 West Water St., Syracuse,N Y

it never scales, but remains perfectly smooth
and solid. Do not put it on in cold weather,
as you cannot make so nice a job ; you will
get it on too thick : but wait until Spring,
then it will spread properly. Be careful not
to put on too thick and rub down carefully so
it does not run. It is also the best paint for
tar paper roofs. But on two or three coats
when roof is first laid, giving time for each
coat to dry thoroughly ; then one coat each
year afterward and you have a roof that is
absolutely indestructible. It gets better the
longer it is on. One other suggestion about
putting on tar paper roofs ; If you run a
light wire along over the lap as you
nail on the roof you will have no trouble
of roof blowing off. Do not pay some
dealer 500 per cent advance for measuring
out your coal tar, hut go to some gas
house and buy a barrel for a couple of dol¬
lars. I have got many paying suggestions
from the answers to questions in The It.
N. Y., so I contribute this to try in some
measure to recompense others for favors so
received. f. j. t.

I’ittstown, N. J.

SAVE-THE-HORSE” Spavin Cure.

Registered Trade Mark.

Hon lame over a year. He was not worth $10. 1 used your ‘ rSave-the-HorseV and he has gone
sound ever since. I have driven him twenty-five miles in one day and would not now take
*250 for the animal. WILLIAM MILLER.

CIP fin £®r *16* Written | “Save-the-Hor.e” Permanently Curea Sparln,

IP ■ A# w Guarantee — as binding tojpro- Ringbone /except low Ringbone) , Curb, Thoroughpin, Splint,

_ _ tect you as legal talent could ®hoe Wlna Puff, Injured Tendona and all lamenoafl, with-

make it. Send for copy and beoklot. I 0UtBC*r or loM ofhak- Horse may work oa usual.

At Druggist* and Dealers or Mmmrtf paid. ' "^ROY CHEMICAL CO. ( Blriflhamtona N« Y«

r Formerly Troy, N. Y.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

^ Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft, wide. 1 ft. deep. Will
cut torest. His Double- Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk 1 low cuts a furrow 5 to 10 In. deep, ~ ,14 in. wide

All these machines will kill witch- . e-

grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard- /,

hack sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send forcir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CU„

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A-

plow a new

The Cream Separator World’s Record

It lias come to our attention that the representatives of our “ Would-be competitors,” in order to holster up their sales, are claiming that the

United States Cream Separator

oil the The UnUed StttKS Separat°r did tha‘ — ■>«

We Will Give $5,000.00

amount to be distributed in premiums. 1 ine

Again these “ Would-be competitors” are claiming they were awarded a Grand Prize at Paris in iqoo We
have made them own up in the papers in days gone by that they did not get such a prize, but they start up now

Sfh«!gVn0t dOUrbJ : tha.t.the Publl.c has forg°Iten that admission. They advertise lots of other things not in accordance
With the facts. It troubles them immensely because the United States is beating them in all contests

where conVutaS hewTorlhe LaVa' SeParUt0r National or Exposition,

other separator1^ Upmarket"" be“er reSU“S’ ‘3 *r°Ub‘e *° Clea"' a"d needs less rePairs thal1

The U. S. Holds the World’s Record

THE VERMONT FARM MACHINE COMPANY, Bellows Falls, Vt.

»•* “*b0“* “ Mi“eapo“s' M°- B“ffa,°’ »• Y - s“ c*l

1 54

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 25,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Va.v Fleet, (Assoclate8
Mrs. E. T. Koylk, t Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or S1/-! marks, or IOMj francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Let us not make any mistake about the danger to fruit
growers from the Gypsy moth. It is coming. We must
not sit down and fold our hands, and wait till our
orchards are destroyed. There is better use for our
hands. Pull Uncle Sam’s coattails until he wakes up
to the situation. The general Government must take
a hand in fighting this pest.

*

We repeat here the advice of the Hope Farm man
about cheerfulness. These are trying days in some farm
homes. Snow and cold crowd the family into small
compass. The children are noisy and full of life — the
old people are fretful and inclined to be discouraged.
All the more need of some one to be cheerful and happy.
It is usually expected that mother will assume this in
addition to her other duties, but there is no reason why
father should not help. You may say that the cold and
snow have so upset your plans that you have nothing to
be cheerful about. What nonsense that is when you come
to think about it. Come now — there are many public
duties that a farmer should join, but not one of them
can be said to be more important than the private duty
of keeping all the gloom and unhappiness that he possi¬
bly can out of his own home. Be cheerful !

*

The latest argument about regulation of railroad rates
by the Government is that it will hurt the common
people. It is claimed that the people have invested
money in the railroads, both directly and through their
savings in banks or trust companies. Now, if the busi¬
ness of the railroads is injured so that their incomes
fall off, these same common people will suffer! Hence
— the railroads should he left alone ! I hat is a fair sam¬
ple of the arguments which are responsible for the con¬
tinuation of the “rebate” system. The common people
have no desire to profit by injustice or criminal dealings.
No more dangerous suggestion could be made to the
small investor than that he can make a few more cents
or dollars by acting as a silent little partner in great
frauds. There is no injustice about the plan to prevent
unjust and unfair rates. If there is any danger that
small investors will be paid lower dividends some of
the high or useless officials could more than make

it up by a voluntary reduction of salary!

*

The meeting of the New York State Grange at Og-
densburg was a great success. The Grange is strong in
the northern counties and in spite of the cold and
deep snow there was a large local attendance. We
would like to take a company of the city men who dread
the future of this Republic to such a meeting as was
held at Ogdensburg. If they were able to recognize
hope at all they would see it in this gathering of strong,
earnest, well-dressed men and women of the farm. It
was one of those meetings in which one could start sing¬
ing “America” without words or notes and find 90 per
cent of the audience capable of singing every line! We
always come away from such meetings convinced that
while true to its fundamental principles, the Grange is
capable of doing better work for America’s civilization
than any other fraternal organization in the land. This
is not because of its political or business power, though

these are considerable, but because of its quiet uplifting
work in the home or in the rural community. The
Grange may elect governors or Senators or Presidents,
yet we can see that a political victory of this sort might
he won in such a way that it would be a moral defeat for
the order. The Grange will make a vital mistake if it
permits a few shrewd politicians to use it as a mouth¬
piece for their personal desires. Its strongest power
is moral and social. Its best work is done quietly in
the farm home, where every member tries to live up
to the principles of the order.

*

A matter now before the bakers’ unions in this city
is almost as complicated as the question whether a
woman without membership in a tailors’ union could be
permitted to put an illicit non-union patch upon her hus¬
band’s unionized trousers. The bakers’ unions and the
employers have reached a deadlock on the question of
putting the union label upon loaves. The employers
say they are willing to pay union wages and grant a
10-hour day, but that their customers draw the line at
buying loaves with union labels pasted on them. It is
stated that even when a woman is a strong union sym¬
pathizer she balks at the pasted label, on the ground
that it may be accidentally eaten. We think that the
strongest objection to the label would be the extra
handling of the bread in putting it on, which, when con¬
sidered in all its possibilities, does not increase one’s
appetite for bakers’ bread. The way bread is sold ordi¬
narily, especially from the wagon, when the driver han¬
dles the horse and handles the bread with equal impar¬
tiality, is not appetizing either. We used to buy bread
in Chicago which was neatly wrapped in paraffin paper
as soon as it came from the oven, and exposed for sale
in that transparent wrapping, and we consider that all
bread publicly sold should be so treated. If the bakers
choose to paste a label upon such wrapping no one could
object, and the union would then assist in promoting a
higher standard of sanitary cleanliness.

*

The correspondent who, referring to New England
farm life on page 139, describes the impression made
upon the farm boy by the well-dressed and pleasure¬
seeking Summer visitors, might easily carry the con¬
trast still further. The boy who hoes his way along
a dusty row, barefooted and toil-stained, may look
enviously upon his compeer in white duck and canvas
shoes, with no other heavier burden than a tennis racket.
He may — moved by this feeling — decide that there are
better places than the farm, only to find the same con¬
ditions increased a thousandfold in city life. The city
worker sees evidences of luxury on every hand — of ease
and pleasure in which he has no share. If he is suffi¬
ciently philosophical to regard all this as the passing
show he will take pleasure in it; if he resents his posi¬
tion as a looker-on he will find far more material upon
which to feed “envy, hatred and malice, and all un¬
charitableness” in city than in country. It is this spirit
that makes the girl in business pledge her earnings in
advance to buy upon the installment plan such clothes
as she sees worn by the rich man’s daughter; it lures
the trusted employee to squander the money of others in
forbidden pleasures, or to recoup his losses in devious
paths of speculation. We may change the skies, without
changing the heart; if duty wears a frowning face in one
place, she is not likely to turn toward us with a smile
in another. The whole sum of personal happiness is
best expressed by a great man, who, after tasting all ex¬
tremities of misery and danger, says: "I have learned,
in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content.”

*

When we began to talk about the poor quality of
fence wire, we told our readers frankly that the remedy
lay with them. We make no mistake in locating the
true power of a paper or magazine. It lies with the
readers, aud it will be great or small in proportion to
the earnestness with which readers follow up the paper’s
suggestions. We said at the beginning that it was pos¬
sible for the readers of The R. N.-Y. to compel manu¬
facturers to offer a better quality of wire, nails and
pipe. As is well known, we have received practically
no help from the other agricultural papers. We are not
sorry for this, since it has shown what the earnest
readers of a single paper can accomplish. Our readers
have been writing letters by the thousand. Every manu¬
facturer of fence wire in the country has heard from
them, and most have received an invitation to sell goods
on a guarantee. It has been found that some dealers
in roofing iron and eaves troughs are willing to guaran¬
tee their goods and give bond for 15 years’ service!
From the first we have insisted that some public insti¬
tution should take this matter up in the interests of
both manufacturers and consumers, and define a stand¬
ard product, so as to make fair basis of guarantee.
Readers have plastered the experiment station with
postage stamps, and have even reached higher up.
Secretary James Wilson now announces that as the
result of continued request he has established in the
Department of Agriculture a Division for the study

of wire, nails and pipe. Able chemists will begin at
once an examination of samples and investigation of
manufacturing. It means much to have the National
Department take hold of this subject. No one expects
that within a few weeks or months we are suddenly
to have better wire at a lower price. We believe, how¬
ever, that as a result of these investigations farmers
will be able to buy good wire at a fair price, and under
a guarantee. The best thing about it all is the ex¬
pression of power on the part of readers of The R.
N.-Y. Alone, with no political wire pulling, and no
weapons but printers’ ink and the postage stamps, they
have started a useful and business-like reform, which
they will carry through to the end. Others will now
straggle into line, as they always do after some one has
given life to a cause, but readers of The R. N.-Y.
have the satisfaction of knowing that they have done
the real work. Let no honest man hereafter say that
the farmer, as a class, is forever obliged merely to take
what others give him.

*

We have had quite a number of letters from people
who want to know how Senator Thomas C. Platt, of
New York, stands on the question of providing a par¬
cels post. As Senator Platt is connected with an ex¬
press company it has been assumed that he opposes
postal reform. In order to make sure we asked him
for an expression of his views, and received the follow¬
ing polite reply :

I have your letter of the seventh instant asking me to give
you an expression of my opinion regarding the desirability
of establishing parcels post in this country. I have never
given any serious consideration to the subject, for the reason
that there has appeared to he no such sentiment in favor
of the proposition as to warrant my giving the subject much
thought. I have been busy with matters of greater and more
immediate consequence. I have received quite a number of
letters from various people on the subject, and I should
judge that the sentiment favorable to the proposition is
about equal to the sentiment antagonistic to it. Those who
favor it seem to reside in the rural districts: those who
oppose it appear to be chiefly small merchants and store¬
keepers who fear that the establishment of parcels post
would divert trade from them to the large department stores.
Very likely, some time — perhaps after I am dead — this sub¬
ject may become one for thorough consideration.

T. C. PI.ATT.

Of course, we take the Senator right at his word.
He is simply waiting to have public sentiment take him
by the arm and lead him to one side or the other. In
order to compete with the “greater matters” he men¬
tions we must make the parcels post seem a little larger
in his eyes. The best way to increase the size of this
proposition is to stick postage stamps over it. A single
stamp might not add much to its bulk, but 50,000
stamps would make Senator Platt realize that he had
a package on his hands too important to send by ex¬
press. You see what the Senator says! He is just
waiting to go with the crowd as soon as he can make
out where the crowd is. Why not show him? If
there is any living man who is under obligations to the
farmers of New York that man is Senator Platt. No
class of people in the country will profit more by a
fair parcels post than New York farmers. The Senator
doesn’t think this is a subject for “thorough considera¬
tion,” because not enough farmers have told him so.
It isn't often that a plain farmer has a chance to in¬
struct a Senator, but this is one of the rare occasions.
Let every farmer sit down at once and write Hon.
Thomas C. Platt, Washington, D. C., what he thinks
about the parcels post. Do it at once! The Senator
needs information! _

BREVITIES .

Ax open fire helps the “shut-in” to he content.

A good little book to read, “What Men Live By” — Tol¬
stoi.

Read a little good poetry every day. Good poetry is the
concentrated essence of the best there is in life.

The man who cannot take pleasure in the honest success
of others is “fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils” — and
little else.

Eating your cake and having it — means taking 15-cent
eggs out of water-glass for your own use and selling 40-cent
fresh eggs !

Ever know a man who developed stock of any sort so that
it was superior to the average to be obliged to sell it at an
average price?

When we have a National Apple Day what do we suggest
for Ben Davis? Why not make every man who needs pun¬
ishment. eat three dry specimens, and then drink a glass of
water?

“Angel Food" was printed on the bill of fare of a hotel
where a farmer’s convention was held. “What is that?”
asked an investigator. “Baked apples!" promptly replied
a member of the Apple Consumers’ League !

Mr. Cosgrove, of Connecticut, who left the city at past 50
to make a living on a run-down farm, says: “I never cease
to be thankful that I left the city when 1 did, and wonder
what my cTcumstances would be now if I had remained
there.”

Whatever the trials of our hen men, they are saved
some of the afflictions visiting Malaysian poultry keepers.
A Singapore paper tells of a marauder shot by a policeman
in the Chief Justice’s henhouse, which proved to be a
six-foot tiger. One would infer from this that the life ol
a Singapore policeman is also quite free from monotony

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

i55

IMS.

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC. — Henry Clay Weeks, secretary of the Amer¬
ican Mosquito Extermination Society, has secured the intro¬
duction of an anti-mosquito bill in the New York State
Assembly through Mr. Wilsnack. The bill provides for a
commission of 10 to be appointed by the Governor, to confer
with similar commissions in adjacent States, for the pur¬
pose of exterminating the mosquito and to suggest a method
of improving the great marshes of New Jersey, embracing
over 40.000 acres of their favorite breeding ground. Another
bill submitted to Mr. Rogers, chairman of the Ways and
Means Committee, asks for an appropriation of $5,000 for
the State entomologist to examine the breeding places of the
malaria-bearing mosquito. "A similar bill has passed the
New Jersey Legislature,” said Mr. Weeks, “and the question
has been brought before the Federal. Pennsylvania and Cali¬
fornia State Governments.” . . . Fire in the Ninth Ave¬

nue car barns of the New York City Railway, February 9,
destroyed 40 cars, valued at $4,000 each, and caused a total
loss of over $175 000. ... A rear-end collision on the

Second Avenue Elevated Railroad, New York, February !>,
injured 40 persons, one fatally. . . . Reports from Mis¬

souri, Minnesota. Kansas, Nebraska. Iowa, the Dakotas,
Northern Texas, the Indian Territory, Arkansas and Okla¬
homa February 12 describe unusually cold weather. High
winds prevail in many localities, drifting the snow badly and
delaying railroad traffic in all directions. From Oklahoma
and Indian Territory come accounts of suffering and death
as the result of the sudden norther. The country was cov¬
ered with a coat of ice and snow ranging in depth from three
to eight inches, and this will serve as a protection to the
wheat and fruit crops, but the live stock, and, in some in¬
stances. the people, were suffering severely. In northern
Texas the worst blizzard in 10 years, with the thermometer
at zero and below, prevailed. Coming so soon after the re¬
cent blizzard, when snow had been on the ground for 10
clays, this severe weather will inflict great loss on cattlemen.

The New York Suburban Company, 23 Park Row,
and tiie 'twentieth Century Realty Company, 6 Wall Street,
New York City, have been denied the use of the mails, a
fraud order having been issued against them by the Post¬
master-General February 14. The Suburban company dealt
in land in Suffolk County, L. I. To dispose of the land,
which was declared by the postal inspectors to be worthless,
it advertised alleged prize contests. To those participating
in these contests, as well as to others whose addresses had
been obtained, circulars of the company were sent informing
the addressee that he was one of the prize winners and was
entitled to one of the company's lots. Titles were conveyed
to those who closed a deal on the payment of $5 to cover
the cost of the necessary papers. On this payment the post
office inspectors reported the company made an enormous
profit. The Twentieth Century Company is the same kind
of a concern and worked almost identically the same plan.

The Battle House, a famous hotel at Mobile, Ala.,
was destroyed by fire February 13: loss $300,000. . ;

Eire in a brick and iron business building on West Thirtieth
Street New York, February 13. destroyed many valuable ob¬
jects of art, valued at $200,000. and other property put at
$100,000; it took 14 engines to subdue the fire. . . . The

expected break-up of the great ice field at the head of the
harbor. Vineyard Haven, Mass., in which nine vessels had
been held fast for more than two weeks, came February 13,
when a portion of the field broke away and carried the Brit¬
ish schooner Greta ashore and demolished all the wharves

on the west side of the harbor, with the exception of the
steamboat wharf. . . . Through a settlement between

the contending parties, the beautiful set of 80 rare china
dishes which were plowed up on the Burdick farm, near
West Edmeston, Otsego County, N. Y., in 1903, has gone
into the hands of the Burdick heirs. Marion Cheesebrough,
the tenant of the farm, who discovered the pre-Revolutionary
relics, laid claim to them, and the title was in contest in
the courts. The case has never teen tried on questions of
fact, so the settlement out of court leaves the legal point
still unsettled. The two grandsons and two granddaughters
of the late Henry F. Burdick, who long owned the farm
upon which the dishes were buried by Percifer Carr, the
agent of Lord Edmeston, become the sole owners of the
china over which collectors have been excited for two years,
and which is said to be worth from $.>,000 to $10,000.

ADMINISTRATION. — 'The House Committee on Industrial
Arts and Expositions February 9 favorably reported a bill
the purpose of which is to enable the holding of the proposed
Jamestown Exposition. The bill carries an appropriation of
$2,650,000. Of this sum $2,000,000 is to be used for the
establishment of a naval training station on the site of the
proposed exposition. The remainder is to be used for the
purpose of making a suitable Government exhibit. The
buildings of the training station, it is proposed, shall be

used for exhibition purposes . ludge A. II. Tanner,

Senator Mitchell's law partner, confessed in Judge Bel¬
linger's court at Portland, Ore., February 11, to perjury in
his evidence before the Federal Grand Jury in connection
with tiie investigation of the land frauds in that State, when
testimony was being taken with a view to connecting Senator
Mitchell with the conspiracy to defraud the Government.
Tanner, in his confession, said that there was a business
agreement between Mitchell and Tanner, that Mitchell should
have the proceeds of the practice of the law firm in tiie
Federal courts, and that Tanner should have the proceeds
resulting from practice before any of the governmental de¬
partments which would involve Senator Mitchell's oath that
he would not take part in any law proceedings in which the
Government is interested. The Federal Grand Jury indicted
Congressman J. N. Williamson and his partner in the sheep
business, Van Gesner, and also A. It. Biggs, land commis¬
sioner at Prlneville, Ore., charging conspiracy to defraud
the United States of public lands.

FARM AND GARDEN. — At a meeting of the stockholders
of the llobart, N. Y., condensery recently it was decided to
sell the plant to the Slawson-Decker Co. for $5,000. It was
built at a cost of $8,500. The Slawson-Decker Co. have
leased it for three years, and the sale will be completed
April 1, when their lease expires.

The conference on rural progress which was held last
Spring at Kingston, II. I., under the auspices of the College
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, was so successful that
the committee appointed at that time have decided to hold
a conference on similar lines in Providence March 22 and
23. It is expected that speakers of National reputation
will be present, and that a strong programme can be pres¬
ented. The committee in charge of the conference repre¬
sents a union of forces and is as follows: Hon. Rowland
G. Hazard, Washington Countv Agricultural Society: lion.
John G. Clarke, State Board of Agriculture: Frank E.
Marchant. State Grange: Principal Charles S. Chapin. State
Association of School Superintendents : Rev. E. Tallmadge
Root, State Federation of Churches: Herbert J. Wells,
Kingston Village Improvement Association: President Ken¬
yon L. Butterfield, Rhode Island College of Agriculture.

The second atthual meeting of the New York Experiment
ers' League was held at Cornell University, February 16
and 17, following the Cornell Poultry Show. Timely papers
and discussions by practical experimenters and farmers were
strong features of the programme. J. W. Gilmore, Secre¬
tary, Cornell University. Ithaca. N. Y.

The first annual meeting of the Ohio Live Stock Asso¬
ciation was held at Columbus February 7.

The Montana State Horticultural Society held its annual
meeting at Helena January 19 to 21. C. F. Dallman, Mis¬
soula, was elected president and W. Spurgeon secretary.

MARKET TRAINS ON TROLLEY .

An Ohio friend sends us the following clipping:

“The Dayton and Troy, Ohio, system of electric railways
Tuesday mailed a letter to each of its patrons living between
Dayton and 'I'ippecanoe City, asking for an expression from
them as to the practicability of some new service which the
company proposes to install between Tippecanoe City and
Dayton. On account of the extraordinary nature of this
service it deserves more than passing mention, and it is the
first time to our knowledge that an electric railway has ever
nailed :o its patrons a letter asking for co-operation in ar¬
ranging details for operation. The company proposes to run
on market days a special train, to be known as “The Market
Men’s Special,” which will be scheduled on market days
only, to arrive in Dayton before market opening and leave
after market closes. Free storage room will be furnished by
the company for market stands when not in use. and large
hampers, with lids and locks, will be furnished for use in
bringing stock to market. It is intended that these hampers
will be transported free, together with contents, when ac¬
companied by passengers holding market, men's ticket. This
will, as is readily seen, be a satisfactory way indeed for
market men to attend market, to say nothing of being more
economical and convenient than the use of the present
wagons and teams. Dangers of freezing would be eliminated
by reason of the electric heaters placed in the compartment
where market stock would be carried. Whether or not this
service will be installed depends largely upon the attitude
of the peonle who will have occasion to use if, and it is to be
hoped that they will enter heartily into co-operation with
the company. It is proposed that a meeting be held in the
near future where the whole plan in detail may be laid before
the market people with a view to obtaining from them all
possible information and advice."

ABOUT FLORIDA. — We came to this town December 21
from Charlottesville. Va. We came to escape cold Winters
and late Spring frosts. But if it keeps on freezing as it diet
on the nights of January 25. 26 and 27. we will have to
move on to Cuba. Ice formed on the water buckets in the
houses, and nearly every pump in town had to be “thawed
out" before any water could be had. The truckers must
replant the cucumbers and tomatoes. Some “cuke" vines
were beginning to bear. All vegetables in the gardens are
killed: oranges frozen solid on the trees, and many groves
seriously injured, 'those who did not fire may lose many
of their trees. In some orchards the entire crop is still
hanging on the trees, 'the growers were waiting for higher
prices tefore picking. It is getting to be “a gamble” to
plant orange groves down here, for the freezes come too
often for comfort. It was a lower temperature here than
during the freeze of 1895. Then the temperature fell to
17 degrees, and January 25 last was 15 degrees. w. f.

Plant City, Fla.

STUDEB

TT.

\\

Since Your Grandfather'sDays

Away back in the days of the California gold fever, the
Studebaker wagon was known far and wide as a good, re¬
liable, long-lived wagon. A lot of them made the trip over¬
land and stood theracketwhen other wagonswentto pieces.

Your grandfather and his neighbors very likely owned
Studebakeri— yes, and swore by them, too.

Just as you have succeeded your father and grandfather
the Studebaker force have succeeded their fathers and
grandfathers, from generation to generation— increasing In
skill and reputation and popularity of product.

The Studebaker today is better than ever before, because
the Studebakers have learned a whole lot about wagon and
carriage building in the last fifty years.

Isn't it worth something to you to have a wagon or a
carriage or a huggy or a vehicle of any kind, or a set of
harness, with fifty years' “know how" in it and fifty
years* reputation behind it ? Of course it is. It’»
vehicle insurance— u guarantee In ititelf.

That's why we ask you to talk to the Studebaker Agent
before buying anything in the vehicle liue— from a farm wagon
to a hitching strap. You surely want the best for your money —

Get the Studebaker and be sure.

Ask your dealer for a free copy of the Studebaker
Almanac for 1905. If he can't supply you send your
name and address (with a two cent stamp to us) and a
free copy will be sent you. Address Dept. No. 34

Studebaker Bros.Mfg.Co., South Bend.lnd.

Agencies 'most everywhere.

A dealer may make more by selling you some other, but you
make the most by buying a Studebaker.

sty
ess

This is the hay press that will help
you to get the very highest market
price for your hay crop. A producer
of clean bales and a saver of labor,
the lightest and most powerful bal¬
er ever built. The great strength and the
light weight of the Ohio is explained by
its scientific construction. The frame
cannot twist. With the Ohio there will be no breakage, no delays,
no repair bills, no stopping to oil up.

Write for new free catalog. The book is plainly written and well illustrated. It tells
you just how the Ohio is built and what it will do. Write today. Don’t wait.

Ohio Cultivator Co.. Ohio St. Factory, Bellevue, O.

We are also manufacturers of the famous Ohio Sulky Cultivators and Walking
Cultivators, Steel Lever and Disc Harrows, Land Rollers, Pulverizers , Corn and Cotton
Cultivators, Lister Tools of all kinds, etc. Write for free catalog of any of these.

mm*******

Potential Fertility

Supplemented and Developed by the

StocKbridge Special
Manures

THE potential or natural fertility of the soil is
the latent plant food which all soils contain,
but which is not immediately available for \
crops, a little of it becoming available from
year to year through natural processes, — disintegration
and decay. When we summer fallow, we develop the po¬
tential fertility of the soil. The farmer, however, who de¬
pends wholly or in part upon the potential fertility, unless
he has summer fallowed, will get small returns for his
labor, if indeed he gets anything at all. By supplying a
single chemical now and then, like potash, he sometimes
secures an accidentally large crop, but it is a speculation,
a risk that no business farmer dependent on his crops
will take. The only safe course for the business farmer
is to insure his crop by supplying what he knows it needs
(not what he guesses the soil needs, for it is the crop
which must be nourished, and not the soil) ; and, if he
happens to apply more than the crop needs, it is not
wasted, for the soil will hold it for future use.

THE ST0CKBMDGE MANURES

supplement the potential or natural fertility in the soil by
furnishing the growing crop what it requires for perfect
development and by assisting in liberating latent plant
food from the storehouse of the soil, thus making the soil
itself richer and better by their use.

We take great chances with the weather. Why take
unnecessary chances with the soil ?

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

RftWkFD FERTILIZER COMPANY

MJ V/ T T 1Y JLi JtK Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati
(Kindly address office nearest to you)

1 56

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

February 25,

MARKETS

Prices received at New York during week

ending February 18, 1905. Wholesale except
as noted.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, Ited . @1.24%

No. 1, Northern. Duluth... @1.27%

Corn, No. 2, mixed . @ 54

Oats, mixed . 37 @ 38

Barley, . 44 @ 50

GRASS SHEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots:

Timothy, bushel of 45 IDs . — @ 2.75

Kentucky, Blue grass, 100 lbs. — • @12.00

Red top, 100 lbs . — @14.00

Awnless Brume grass. 100 lbs. — • (<J 15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . - — - @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

Clover, medium red, 100 lbs... — @17.00

MII.LFEED.

Ton to car lots.

Spring Bran . 19.50 @22.00

Middlings . 22.00 @24.00

Gluten . 20.00 @28.00

Hominy chop . 19.50 @22.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Small bales 50 cents per ton less.

Hay, prime . — @ 82%

No. 1 . 75 @ 80

No. 2 . 70 @ 72%

No. 3 . 62 %@ 67%

Clover, mixed . 05 @ 70

Clover . 00 @ 05

Straw, long rye . 1.00 @1.10

MILK.

New York Exchange price reduced one-
fourth cent per quart February 14, or to
$1.61 per 40 quart can, netting 3% cents in
26-eent zone where there are no station
charges. Receipts for week ending February
11 were 199,259 cans milk and 8,529 of

cream.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 32 @ 32%

Firsts . 30 @ 81

Seconds . 28 @ 29

Lower grades . 24 @ 27

Storage, extra . 30 @ 30%

Lower grades . 23 @ 27

State Dairy, choice . 27 @ 29

Under grades . 22 @ 25

Imitation Creamery . 22 @ 28

Renovated, extra . 25 @ 25%

Thirds and seconds . 17 @ 22

Factory . 22 @ 25

Packing Stock . 18 @ 21

CHEESE.

Full Cream, fancy, small . — @13

Choice to fine . 12 @ 12%

Fair to good . 11 @ 11%

Poor . 9%@ 10%

Large sizes one-fourth cent less.

Tart skims . <5% @ 8%

Full skims . 4 @ 5

EGGS.

Nearby fancy white . 37 @ 38

Choice white . 34 @ 36

Choice to extra, mixed.... 32 @ 35

Western and southern . 30 @ 33

Storage . 25 @ 30

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy. ... — @ 7

Evaporated, choice . 5 %@ 5%

Evaporated, prime . 5%@ 5%

Sun dried . “ @ 3%

Chops, lOOlbs . 1.40 @1.60

Cores and skins . 1.00 @1.10

Cherries . 13% @ 14%

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers doz . 1.50 @2.00

Lettuce, doz . 50 @1.00

Mushrooms, lb . 30 @ 60

Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.50 @2.50

Rhubarb, lb . 4 oi 8

Tomatoes, lb . 15 @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 15 @ 20

Capons, fancy . 22 @ 24

Small and slips . 15 @> 17

Chickens, prime . 20 @ 21

Good to choice . ll @ it

Fowls . 12 @> 13%

Squabs, doz . 2.50 @3.75

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.50 @6.00

Oxen and stags . 3.90 @ 5.60

Bulls . 2.50 (a 1.60

Cows . 1.65 @3.60

Dressed beef . 6%@ 9

Milch cows with calves . 25.00 ’@50.00

Calves, veal . 8.00 @9.00

Barnyards . 2.50 @3.50

Sheep . 3.00 @4.00

Lambs . 6.00 @7.25

Hogs, State . 5.25 @5.60

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves . 6 @ 10%

Lambs, hothouse, head . 5.00 @10.00

Hogs . 6%@ 7%

FURS.

Black bear . 10.00@ 20.00

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00 @ 10.00

Badger . 00@ 80

Otter . 9.00 @ 15.00

Beaver, large . 6.00@ 8.00

Medium . 4.00@ 6.00

Small . 2.00® 3.00

Silver fox . 50.00 @250.00

Cross fox . 5.00 @ 10.00

Red fox . 2.00 @ 4.00

Gr^y fox . 75 @> 90

Fisher . 4.00@ 8.00

Wolf, prairie . 1.50@ 2.00

Timber . 2.00@ 4.00

Wolverine . 4.00@ 7.00

Lynx . 4.00@ 6.00

Wild cat . 40 @1 75

Civet cat . . . 25 @ 50

House cat, black . — @ 25

House cat. colored . ,s@ 10

Marten, dark . 0.00@ 12.00

Pale . 3.00 @ 5.00

Shunk. black . 1.50@ —

Half-striped . 1.00@ —

Long-triped . 80@ —

Striped . 50 @ — .

White . 20 @ —

Raccoon . 60 @ 1.50

Opossum, large . 55 @ 60

Medium . .30 @ 35

Small . 1 5 @ 18

Kits . 5@ —

Rabbit . li/, @ —

Mink . 2.50 5.00

Muskrat, Winter . 14@ 15

Kits . 2@ 3

Fall . 9@ 10

FARM CHEMICALS.

Ton to car lots:

Nitrate of soda . 48.00@53.00

Sulphate of ammonia . 65.OO@70.00

Dried blood . 56.00@60.00

Kalnit . 1 0.00@ 1 2.00

Muriate of potash . 38.00@44.00

Acid phosphate . 10.00@12.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. 11)... — @> 5%

Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb . — @ 5%

Angora Goats and Doos. — As I think it

is commonly supposed that Angora goats pro¬
tect themselves from dogs, 1 send this clip¬
ping from the “Andover Townsman” pub¬
lished here: “One night, recently, the herd
of Angora goats owned by John B. Jenkins
was attacked by dogs, the result being that
many of them were killed and others so ter¬
ribly torn that they died from the effects.
The exact number of goats killed has not been
definitely learned, as some of the remainder
of the herd have not been found. The loss
is placed at about $170, as the goats were
very valuable. Mr. Jenkins feels his loss
keenly, as lie prized his herd very highly.
The County may be held responsible for Mr.
Jenkins’ loss, and should the owners of the
dogs be known, it might go hard with them.”

Andover, Mass. f. h. f.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may bo had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and

»

Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

3.r» Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin 8t., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, I*

40 North "tb St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. s. W.

Teuiente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

PURE BRED, FIRE DRIED

SEED CORN.

Do you change your Seed Corn and plant Pure Bred
varieties, or are you still in the same old rut, planting
the same corn on your farm year after year? Every year
thousands of farmers are finding that they can increase
their yield from 5 to 20 bushels per acre by planting
Armstrong’s Pure Bred, Fire Dried varieties. Our cata¬
logue will show you why this is, and how you can do the
same thing. For the next 30 days we arc going to send
four large packages of Pure Bred Seed Corn, FREE, to
every farmer who answers this advertisement. Send us
your name and address on postal card TODAY. Don’t
wait until tomorrow. Send your neighbors’ names, too;
we want to send them free catalog and samples. Write.
Write now— today. Address, Drawer as.

if. B. ARMSTRONG & SONS 9 Shenandoah, la.

BOUND TO SUIT

This Split Hickory Special is a Made
to Order Buggy, yet sold for only

ory Vehicles are made by well paid, •killed union
labor, in one of the largest ana best equipped fact¬
ories in the country. We employ no girl labor in
our factory nor do we have t»oy» doing our painting
and striping. Every Split lllckory buggy embodies
the results of over twouly years successful carriage
manufacturing, Insuring comfort, durability and cor¬
rect style. Hero are some of their 100 points of merit.

Screwed rim wheels; quick shifting shaft couplers;
long distance dust-proof axles ;oil tempered springs;
finest quality imported all wool broad cloth uphol¬
stering. cushion and back; spring cushion and solid
spring back: top has genuine No. 1 enameled leather
quarters with heavy water-proof rubber root and
curtain, lined and reinforced. Wheels, gear, body
and all woodwork carried 100 days In pure oil and
lead ; 16 coats of paint, with highest grade of finishing
varnish.

To thoroughly acquaint you with our Split Hickory
Vehicles, and our new and liberal plan of soiling
direct to users wo want t > send you our handsome
lUOl. Catalogue, comprising 192 pages, fully
illustrated. The catalogue shows our complete line
of Vehicles and Harness.

Send us a postal card request. Address
The OHIO CARRIAGE Mf’g. Co., (H. C. Philfb, Pre«.)

Station £90 Cincinnati, Ohio.

A single dose cures
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

I CURE CATARRH * write to-day for

vuivl, . free SAMPLE.

J. W. FREED. Marshall, Michigan

For harness galls and sores
Pratts Vet. Healing Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Pliila. Over 30 years old.

BUSINESS MANAGER wanted In every town to
manage branch office and superintend force of
salesmen— Big money. No canvassing No capital
required. Can be managed with other work or busi¬
ness. Particulars on application. Give references.
William C. Moore & Co., Nurserymen. Newark, N. Y.

DARN? of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best,
DHnilO cheapest,. Strongest.. 8,900 in 44 states. Book
forstamp. SHAWVER BROTHERS.Bellefontalne.O

IT a KM* 111 _ 1— J— 1 can sell your farm if with-

I drill WdniCU in 1T0 n, lies of address.

B. K. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway. New York City.

Oldest Commission SSS&SJg,' JS:

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

FAn DECT Posslble results ship Apples, Sweet
run DEO I Potatoes, Poultry, Eggs, Calves &
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN, 204 Duane St. New York,

RAW FURS AND GINSENG WANTED.

Dor reliable prices send two-cent stamp.
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and
Ginseng, Lock Box 4° Hightstown, N. J.

CALIFORNIA FOR lOt

m

“Tlie Western Empire ” a 32-page mag-
lazine of the wonderful industrial development,
horticultural pursuits and stories of adventure on
the Pacific Coast. 6 months trial for only 10 cents.
Empire Pub. Co.,115Times Block., Los Angeles, Cal

ET1BMC For rich farmln8 and fruit growing.
■ AnmO Write -T. D. 8. HAN8©N, Hart, Mich.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

wm: t. drown,

313 Brown Building:, Lancaster, Penn.

Raspberries . 33 @ 23%

Blackberries . 6%@ 7

APPLES.

Jonathan, bbl . 2.00 @3.50

King . 2.50 @3.50

Spltzenberg . 2.25 @3.50

Spy . 1.50 @2.50

Baldwin . 2.00 @2.50

Greening . 1.25 @2.00

Western, bu. box . 2.00 @2.50

VARIOUS FRUITS.

Strawberries, Fla., qt...... ... 40 @ 50

Cranberries, fey., bbl . 7.50 @8.00

Pineapples, 30s to 24s . 1.75 @2.25

Oranges, Fla., fancy . 8.00 @2.25

Poor to prime . 1.25 @2.25

California navels . 2.40 @3.00

POTATOES.

Long Island. 180 lbs . .1.50 @2.00

State and Western, 3801bs. . . . 1.25 @1.50

Jersey, 1801bs . 1.12 @1.37

Maine. 168 lbs . 1.20 @1.40

Bermuda, bbl . 3.50 @5.50

Sweet Potatoes, Jersey, bbl.. 2.50 @4.50

SALADS AND GREEN STUFFS

Artichokes, Calif., doz . 1.00 @1.25

Brussels sprouts, qt . 10 @ 14

Cabbage, Danish seed, red,

ton . 25.00 @30.00

White, Danish . 10.00 @13.00

Domestic seed . 6.00 @10.00

Celery, prime to fancy, doz. . . 30 @ 60

Chicory and Escarol, N. O. bbl. 2. 00 @4.00

Kale, Norfolk, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

Lettuce, fancy %-bbI. bkt . 2.00 to 2.50

Poor to fair . 25 @1.50

Romaine, 3-pk., bkt . 1.00 @2.50

Spinach, bbl . 2.00 @3.50

Stringbeans. eh.. 3-pk. bkt. . .5.00 @7.00

Peppers, 24-qt. carrier . 1.50 @2.50

VARIOUS VEGETABLES.

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @3.00

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25 @1.75

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 50 @ 95

Beets and Carrots, bbl . 1.25 @1.50

Ca"liHower, prime . 1.00 @5,00

Onions, Eastern, white, bbl... 3. 00 @7.00

Yellow . 2.75 @3.00

Red . 2.50 @2.75

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

IIumbpgs. — Some days ago a neighboring
farmer received a letter that he bad drawn a
lot In New York City. His wife sometime
ago had answered a puzzle that any child
of school age could have answered. For this
they were to receive a lot deeded to them by
sending $5 to pay recording, etc. It was so
well got up that 11 looked feasible to one not
accustomed to delving to the bottom of such
schemes. 1 was called in for advice and
recommended that it would be a good tiling
to leave severely alone. As an administrator
1 have plenty of proof that when a minister
leaves his calling to dabble in speculation
it is best to let him speculate on some one
else. In my younger years I thought when
an advertisement, was in a religious paper,
and the business transacted in the name of
a party that aims to reform the world, it
could be depended upon, but found after los¬
ing several hundred dollars that “there’s
many a slip ’twixt the cup and the lip.” No
honest business suffers from being investi¬
gated and all honor is due the owners of
The It. N.-Y. that they are willing to help
their readers in such matters and save to
them many times the subscription price of the
Paper. a. j. s.

Clearfield Co., Pa.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L l. stock- 5 bu. lots, 18 1 .50,
10 bu._lots. *1.40,26 bu. lots, *1.30, 50 bu lots,
$1«25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. B. BROWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L.I., N.Y.

The whole brood was improved
Pratts Powdered Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Jk t VIA cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N. Y*

ATTENTION ‘S «

favor us with your orders. Mail ordet s a Specialty*
I. HKIIZ. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York-

150 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH U. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N.Y.

11* APS.Reports.Descrlptlve Lists, Prices. Illustrated
-D *■ Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. STATE Board OF AGRICULTURE,

Dover. Delaware.

I IGHT BRAHMA COCKERELS, PRIZE STOCK.
L C. GORDON. Box 63, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y.

FOR SALE

Valuable Niagara County FRUIT FARM

Near Lockport. For particulars, address

P. O. Box 55, Lockport, N. Y.

LYNDENHURST FARM

ROSE COMB RHODE ISLAND REDS
For H AUDI ness and Vigor and great layers of large
brown eggs, no breed excels my strain of R. I. Reds.

Specially Selected eggs from best pens, $2 for
15. $5 for 45. White Wyandottes. Eggs from some
splendid birds, same prices. Send for circulars. Ralph
W. Stearns, Lyndenhurst Farm. East Norton. Mass,

THE SEABOARD FLORIDA LIMITED

And tw-o other daily trains afford exceptionally
fine service to all winter resorts in the Carolinas
and Florida. For resort booklets and informa¬
tion, address,

W. E. CONKLYN,

1183 Broadway New York

WANTED

Within Two Hundred Miles of New York City

A MILL PROPERTY

with water power of about 1,000 horse power:
must have good snipping facilities. Send full
particulars with lowest CASH price, to

WM. ANGUS, Box 1 , Station V, New York.

WANTED— Twenty barrels first class eating
potatoes delivered at

CII ESTER CREST, Mount Vernon, N. v. BoxD.

TO LET — Fruit Farm; also Poultry Faiui near
New York. Write for particulars.

JOHN COLEMAN SMITH.

330 Broadway, New York.

S TROUTS SPECIAL LISTS Illustrated, of
200 farm bargains in New England, New York,
Delaware, Maryland and tbe South, mailed FREE
by E. 8TROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau Street,
New York City, or Tiemont Temple, Boston.

$33.00 PACIFIC COAST.

Tickets on sale daily, March 1 to May 15,
Chicago to San Francisco, Los Angeles. Port¬
land, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria and Van¬
couver via the Chicago, Union Pacific and
North-Western Line. Correspondingly low
rates from other points. Dally and person
ally conducted excursions in Pullman tourist
sleeping cars from Chicago to Portland, San
Francisco and Los Angeles without change.
Double berth only $7.00. Fast trains, choice
of routes. Meals in dining cars (a la carte.)
Booklets and folders sent: postpaid on receipt
of 4 cents in stamps. All agents sell tickets
via this lino. Address II. B. Loucks, Jr.
Gen’l Agt., 301 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Get it

from your

U/ie

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

Tor WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

i57

PureWhiteIead

on your house adds money value
and dignity. Pure White Lead
will pre.erve a good fresh appear¬
ance longer than any other paint

_ it is impervious to sudden

weather changes, wears evenly
and smoothly and. retains a good
appearance for several years
longer than any substitute.

Our Booklet “ What Paint and
Why” tells this and names the
brands of White Lead that are
purest and best. Sent free from
any of our branches.

National Lead Company

Largest makers of White Lead in the world.

Now York, Buffalo, Chicago, Boston, Cincinnati,
St. Louis, Cleveland.

National I .cad & Oil Co. John T. Lewis & Bros. Co,
Pittsburg. Philadelphia.

TEN DAYS'

FREE TRIAL

of Mann’s Latest Model
Bone Cutter. No pay un¬
til you’re satisfied that it
cuts easier and faster than
any other. Catalog free. _ __

F.W, Mann Co. .Box 15. Milford. Mass.

DAIII TRY PAPKR, illnst'd, 20 pageo,

rUUL I II ■ 25 cents per year. 4 months'
trial 10 cents. Sample Free. 64-page practical
poultry book free to yearly aubseribers.
Book alone 10 oents. Cataloynn of poultry
books free. Poultry Advocate. Syracuse,.N.Y

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs; air tight, keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Host in world. You want
it . For detail write

It. K. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

Experience.

I put all I knew after making 60 ,000
other machines into my pay-for-Itself

OLD TRUSTY
INCUBATOR.

It got to the front i n a year. Every one sold doing
what I made them to do. They ’re working for me.
Redwood, cold rolled sheet copper, safety lamp,
automatic regulator. Every one goes out with

40 Days Free Trial and 6 Years Guarantee.

Write for my FREE Catalog and Advice Book, 300 poul¬
try illustrations.

V

MhM^OHNSO^CO^Ia^enterJfeb^

AutomaticC

incubators by a practical ma:
Simple and easy to operate.

THE IDEAL

, hatches in a way that makes

^30 DAYS TfifftL

I Results guaranteed. Send for

■ free book on Incubators, Brooders, Poultry and Supplies.

^J-W^Mlllcr Co^ Box l>7„ Freeport. Ill.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

C£ A ror a 80-Keg Hot Water,

Self-rogulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
S3 for 50-chick brooder. Only $7.50

for complete outfit. 30 days’
trial. Send for FREE catalogue.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Springfield, Ohio.

No agent's
profits to pay.

D , EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns, Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
anil Barred Plymouth Books. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock

LOCUST FABMS, Katontown, N. J.

SIX GREAT BREEDS

White Leghorns— White Wyandottes,
White Plymouth Kocks — Black Minorcas,
Barred Plymouth Kocks— Light Brahmas.

The Rest for Pleasure and Profit.

Beginners and enthusiasts should remember
that a few high quality birds will produce far
more, and win far more, than a yard full of poor
or medium class fowl.

Exhibition Stock that has won wherever
shewn. Mated pens for breoding, $30 to $100.

liggs from two social matings, each breed,
$10 per 12 straight; from assorted pens, $5 per 12,
$10 per 36.

Great Err Producers, that have won world¬
wide reputations for laying. Mated pens for
breeding, $15 to $35. Errs, $2 per 12, $8 per 100.

Selected Jlreeding Cockerels, $3 to $20 each.

Descriptive
Catalogue FREE.

Angora Goats and
Fox Terrier Dogs.
(Prices on application.)

ELM

POULTRY
YARDS

Box V’,

Hartford, Conn.

Winter eggs in plenty, use
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt Pood Co. , Phila. Over 30 years old.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

From a source that has always been
found reliable we get report on Chas. W.
Barrick, New Martinsville, W. Va., who
sometimes advertises in country papers.
We take this extract from the report of
him :

lie has not a cent of property ; he incurs
debts intending not lo pay; lie is smart; un¬
principled ; and when he makes a debt pre¬
pares the circumstances so that it cannot be
collected.

A similar report on Isaac Tillinghast,
formerly of La Plume, Pa., now advertis¬
ing in farm papers as Tillinghast Co.,
Scranton, Pa., says: ‘‘Ibis man Isaac
Tillinghast has been a notorious beat for
years. We cannot learn that there is
anyone else besides himself interested in
the Tillinghast Co.” It is, of course, al¬
ways safest to make remittances for goods
to firms who have a reputation for hon¬
esty at home.

An advertiser who was reported in these
columns some time ago as unworthy of
credit writes us complaining this week,
and says, among other things, that our re¬
port on him has done us no good among
his friends. We did not expect that it would.
He also claims that he was sick and un¬
fortunate, and thinks he ought to get a
chance to recover his losses. We have
no faidt to find with any man who makes
an honest failure. Such men, if their
records be clean, will always have our
sympathy, and our assistance in every
way possible. If any man or firm who has
ever been criticised by The R. N.-Y. will
show us a clean record, we will gladly
rectify any statement that has not been
warranted, and put him on the way to suc¬
cess. But people who contract debts with
a deliberate intent not to pay them, or
who receive remittances for orders which
they cannot or do not fill, and use the
money for their own purposes, returning
nothing to the farmer — not even an an¬
swer to his letters — do not come under
this exemption. We do not consider the
persons in these matters one way or the
other. Our only object is to discourage
dishonesty in advertisers, to encourage
trade with the houses who give a square
deal, and to protect subscribers from de¬
ception, fakers and rogues.

The following letter is one of the many
re eived every day. We give space to it
this week, because Mr. Gerrish is a suc¬
cessful poultry man, and his experience
gives weight to what he says on poidtry
subjects :

As regards The Business Hen book, I want
to say that I consider it the best poultry
hook that I ever saw, regardless of size or
cost, and I certainly would not part with
it for any price if I could not get an¬
other. X. L. GERRISH.

New Hampshire.

If the book has so much value for a
man of his experience and success with
the hen, don’t you think it ought to be a
help to those who have had less experi¬
ence. It has been made simple and plain
for the benefit of the inexperienced. We
send you the book free and postpaid the
day we receive your renewal for this
year.

We continue to send the paper for
introductory purposes

Ten Weeks for 10 Cents

We have room for more of them.
Can’t you send one neighbor’s name?

Cax a Sow Kill a Sheep/ — The Mark Lane

Express says that a somewhat curious case
was recently tried in a court in the South of
England, in which one farmer sued another
for the value of a sheep that the plaintiff
alleged had been killed by one of the defend¬
ant’s sows. The evidence of the plaintiff was
that the sheep was found dead with marks
of the pig's feet on the body, and there were
also signs of a struggle having taken place.
The defendant, on the other hand, contended
that the pig had been attracted to the plain¬
tiff's orchard by the smell of the dead sheep,
and tlie fence being broken down, the animal
went in and made a meal of the carcass. A
farmer of some 30 years' experience gave it
as his opinion that it was impossible for a
sow to kill a healthy sheep, as the pig’s
lower jaw was by two inches the shorter.
Evidently the judge took this view, because
he observed that the evidence was not suffi¬
cient to show that pig killed the sheep, but
he allowed the sum of six shillings for the
carcass. We do not remember having heard
of a similar case to this, and it would be in¬
teresting to know whether any of our readers
have ever had reason to suspect a pig of
killing a sheep.

A mother’s love starts a man or woman
on the right path. The right remedy at
the right time fits a mother for the ordeal.
Motherhood is often looked forward to
with feelings of great dread by most wom¬
en. At such a time when she is nervous,
dyspeptic, irritable and in need of a uterine
tonic — something which will calm the nerv¬
ous system through the special organs, and
a strength builder, she will find Dr. Pierce’s
Favorite Prescription just what is needed.
Here is a medicine that has stood the test
of a third of a century with approval, in
that time it has sold more largely than any
other remedy put up specially for woman’s
weaknesses. It is guaranteed by the pro¬
prietors not to contain a particle of alcohol
— which could only do harm to a sensitive
system.

The World’s Dispensary Medical Associa¬
tion, of Buffalo, N. Y., proprietors of Dr.
Pierce’s Favorite Prescription, offer a $500
reward for women who cannot be cured of
Leucorrbea, Female Weakness, Prolapsus,
or Falling of Womb. All they ask is a fair
and reasonable trial of their means of cure.

Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets cure con¬
stipation, biliousness and headache.

More and Stronger Chicks

can be hatched i n the Standard

CYPHERS

INCUBATORS

than in any othor, or jour money back. Pendyour
name and the addresses of two friends who keep poul¬
try, for Free Copy ofoompleto Fatalo* and Poultry-
men’s Guide, 212 paces (8x11) 600 Illustration*.
Mention this paper, addressing nearest office.
Cyphers Incubator Co., Buffalo, Boston,
Chicago, Now York, Kansas City or tian Francisco.

Kills chicken lice and mites
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

IS? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low

in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFC. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FrttCitalog '

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pirveland Inc-.s! ators

When Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

Whon Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER 00.
Bex D.D. Jamasburg, N. J.

It will pay you to use

“SUCCESS” POULTRY FOOD

We have given it 5 years' trial, and guarantee
every sack satisfactory. This Food contains Clover,
Meat and Linseed Meal, thoroughly mixed with
Corn. Wheat and Oats ground ; put in 100 1b. sacks
at $1.75; 5 sacks, $8; )0 sacks. $15 Special oiler for
twoweeks: 100 lbs Food and 100 lbs Oyster Shells,
$2. Send us a trial order to-day

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

Dfllll Tnywwoooo

rUUL I If r&js&Ei

“POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-|
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — j
» it’s our business. Call or let us send you j
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
(asking— it’s worth having. j

iExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

jDcpt. H.U. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York Clty.{

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQOCiOaQQQQQQi

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

on POULTRY

and almanac for 1905, contain** 224
pafijcH, with miuiy fine colored plateNof
f*o w I h true to life. Ittells all about chickens,
their care, ‘diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and howto operate them.
All about poultry houses and how to build
them. It’s really an oncyclopaidia of chick ea-
doin. You need it. Price only 1 5c. •

C. C. SHOEMAKER, Box 8 1 3, FREEPORT, ILL.

alamazoo Incubators

Hatch more and stronger chicks than any
other I ncubator ever built.

SOLD ON TIME,

to suit your convenience. It won’t cost you a cent
to start raising poultry with a Kalamazoo. Wo pay
the froight. No other manufacturer can sell on such
liberal terms beeauso they haven't got the machines
to back them. Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your
chicks. Write for further particulars.

Heed ManufachiringCo.,527 E. Main St., Kalamazoo, Mich.

# Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success it you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

L 3943 Henny St. BUFFALO. N.Y. I

$ I <V80 For
I 4 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction nnd
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.

SAFE SIDE

Don’tinvite failure by buying un¬
tried machines. For many years

Successful

Incubators & Brooders

have been the standard. Bestresults with least care.
Incubator, poultry and poultry supply catalogue
FREE. Poultry paper one year 10 cents.

Des Moines Incubator Co., Dept. 80, Dos Molnea, la.

DON’T BUY AN INCUBATOR

Get a NEW THOUGHT HATCHING ma¬
chine, and take oil the hatch every lbhjdays. No
wood to warp and crack open. All metal — all
right for business people who want to ItAISB
chickens. Send for Catalogue L.

HASTING MEG. CO., Hastings, Neb.

AT HALF PRICE

SCOTT

INCUBATORS AND BROODERS

None better — few as good.
Patented, self - regulating,
ventilating, non - moisture.
Sold Yi price of others. Send
for free catalog and poultry
guide. Scott Incubator Co.
ltox 89, Abingdon, Ill.

Incubator B ook

The Best That Was Ever Written.

A man who has devoted 23 years to perfecting incubators has written a book. It tells all
that he learned by hundreds of tests with different incubators in his hatchery. It tells
in a fascinating way just the facts you should know before buying. We send the book free
because the man who writes it is the man who has made the Racine Incubators and Brooders.
He shows them as they are today, aud tells why you should have one. No one can read this
book without wanting this man’s machine. Write today. We Pay the Freight.

Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87. Racine, Wis.

We hnvo Warehouses at Buffalo, N. Y.— Kansas City Mo. and St. Paul, Minn. _

Sure Hatch Incubators

Buys Our Famous 120-Egg Machine
Carrying the $100,000 SURE HATCH Cash
Guarantee, and Embodying every feature of
SURE HATCH Construction that has pushed our sales
beyond the 60,000 mark. Every machine equipped with

the Sure Hutch water heater having 138 sq. inches of heating sur¬
face; a ventilating system that gets rid of the foul air aud supplies
fresh air to take its place; Regulator that doesn’t need watching.
Here’s a machine with a record— a leader for six years. Honestly
built, on scientific lines, und a hatcher from start to finish. Sent
on 60 Hays’ Trial, freight prepaid oust of tho Rocky Mountains,
and guaranteed for 5 years for 810. Money back if not all we claim.
Send for Free Catalogue and Poultry Book. Address office nearest you.

Sure Hatch Incubator Co.. Box 4419 Clay Center, Neb., Box 14419 Indianapolis, 1

i58

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 25,

From Day to Day.

WINTER AT NEWRY CORNER.
Wher-rew-w-w ! the wiDd in the stubble-field,
Where dry stalks rustle their heads to¬
gether ;

Tools by the roadside, all of 'em sealed

O'ernight by the clerk of the frosty weather
The cornstalks clatter their rusty rags.
Lashing the nipping wind that passes.

Dry leaves scamper like dusty vags

And are caught and held by the constable
grasses.

But let the big winds whoop and blow !

Come on, old Winter, dump your snow !

We Newry folks aren't sad. We grin,

For the automobiles, will be snowed in.

They've cliackered through all Summer long,
With dust and stink a-streaming after;
Honking like geese, or with clanging gong.

And a runaway horse is food for laughter.
Oh, the frost will coat on the windows soon ;

And drifting flakes will drive like fury.
And the snow won't melt on the eaves at
noon,

And we'll have to den like bears at Newry.

But pile her thick and pile her deep !

We'll burrow under and eat and sleep.

We've grub a-plenty in barrel and bin

And the automobiles will be snowed in.

It ain't much fun in the country now, ^
Living here in the “glorious Summer " ;
When you herd your sheep or lead your cow,
Along comes a chap in a benzine hummer.
Our wimmen-folks don't dare to ride—

It's only continual yell and twitching
Behind a horse scared out ol his hide,
Breaking bis tugs and bu'sting the twitch¬
ing.

Then, whoop her up, old TV inter, please !

Give us snowdrifts to our knees.

We'll have our turn when you begin,

For the automobiles will be snowed in.
—Holman F. Day in Cosmopolitan Magazine.
*

For a dainty homemade candy try
marshmallow panoche. It calls for two
cupfuls of brown sugar, three-quarters of
a cup of milk or cream, and two even
tablespoonfuls of butter. Cook until the
candy begins to string, when add 20
marshmallows and a half pound of hazel¬
nuts. Stir in a teaspoonful of vanilla lla-
voring and stir hard. Pour into buttered
tins to cool. The flavor of the hazelnuts
and the marshmallows is said to be an
especially good combination.

*

The newest fancy work is tapestry em¬
broidery, worked like the old-fashioned
sampler. Handsome sofa pillows are
worked upon crash in this style, usually
in conventional designs. \\ atteau designs
usually garden scenes with figures, are
more expensive, and require very careful
working. These are worked in soft colors
suggestive of Gobelin tapestry, but the
conventional designs usually' show vivid
Oriental coloring. Tapestry cushions are
always finished with a thick cord at the
edge, frills being out of keeping with
the work.

*

The fashion papers tell us that lingerie
blouses are worn extensively with tailored
skirts and coats.” This may sound
puzzling if one only associates the woid
lingerie with linen underwear, its orig¬
inal meaning, but as now applied a lin¬
gerie blouse means any very fine and deli¬
cate shirt waist of muslin and lace. As
a rule they display a good deal of deli¬
cate hand stitchery. They are as ex¬
pensive as a waist of crepe de chine or
silk, costing from $7.50 up. Many are
decorated with eyelet embroidery or bro-
derie anglaise. They are a great change
from the transparent waists of elaborately
coarse embroidery popular two years ago,
the work being so beautifully done by
hand that the same effect cannot be pro¬
duced in a cheaper article.

*

What class of reading do you select by
choice? A librarian in a New York li¬
brary patronized chiefly by the poor of the
East Side expresses her interest in the
instinctive sense of culture shown by poor
foreigners and their children. She says
that they read history, travel and science,

with poetry as their diversion, while na¬
tive-born readers of the same class confine
themselves almost entirely to fiction
Shakespeare is always in demand among
these foreigners, and in juvenile books
fairy tales are in perpetual circulation, but
the thirst for great poetry possessed by
these children of poverty seems an in¬
stinctive craving never fully satisfied. 1 he
solid reading may be regarded as a desire
for knowledge that will aid material wel¬
fare, but the poetry fills a different place;
it is evidently a reaching out for the

beauty that is denied in their daily lives.

*

Spring dress goods show mohair in
great variety, especially in fancy novelty
weaves. These are to make shirt waist
suits, jacket suits, and separate skirts.
They are particularly satisfactory for sep¬
arate unlined skirts. It must be remem¬
bered, however, that mohair is not an
easy fabric to handle, and a poor dress¬
maker will often ruin it. It ravels badly
at the seams, and they must always be
bound or otherwise secured. If the home
dressmaker tries her skill on mohair, she
must be very careful in her basting, press¬
ing and finishing, so as to give a tailor
finish. Blue, green and brown are favorite
colors in mohair; black and gray are al¬
ways in style, and checks will continue
popular. Among materials for shirt-waist
suits, rough-woven pongee, both natural
and dyed, will be much used, being light
cool and durable. Among desirable fab¬
rics for a handsome Spring costume the
material known as chiffon crepe de Paris
may be mentioned ; it is a mixture of silk
and wool, very light, soft and lustrous
price $1 a yard. For serviceable wear
mixed tweed is offered in a great variety
of colorings. _

Recreation Work.

Some one lias said that we busy house¬
wives should take time every day, 20 or
30 minutes at least, to do some one thing
that we just love to do — something that
has not a must attached to it. I finished
several pretty things for Christmas in just
that way, and enjoyed every stitch I put
into them, for they were not “must be’s.”
I have a comfort to make, a rug to finish,
and carpet rags to sew ; the children's
clothes for next Summer to make, but
besides all this work that I must do, I
mean to do some that I love to do. I do
not mean that I dislike my daily duties,
but because they must be done my nerves
are often at a tension that is relaxed when
I take up something that is quite outside
of the daily routine. Quite a number
that I know are trying this relaxation
plan. There is Edith Jennings. She was
a talented musician before her marriage
hut now her family is large and the organ
remains closed. She told me she was go¬
ing to practice a little every day, and I
declare, she begins to look real pretty
again, and her Jim talks of selling some of
his south forty and buying a piano for
her. Mrs. Uridge is making a cross-stitch
cushion cover, something she never at¬
tempted before, because she thought she
hadn’t time. She says she just delights
to see the pretty pattern grow under her

fingers, and she means to try a piece of
Battenburg when she gets the cushion
done. I asked Mrs. Allen, our minister’s
wife, if she thought it indicated inherent
selfishness for one to want anything en¬
tirely for oneself even a portion of time.
She laughed; she has been trying this
relaxation plan herself: “Why, bless your
heart, no. If we absorb some of the sun¬
shine of life, it is bound to shine out on
others, and what makes us happier will,
through our pleasanter and more kindly
ways, likewise bless others.”

_ COUSIN BELL.

Persimmon Recipes.

On page 57 I saw a request from
E. A. P., of Houston Station, Del., re¬
questing recipes for using persimmons. I
send two we used a great deal in Vir¬
ginia, where the “ ’possufn and ’simmons”
grow in profusion.

Persimmon Pudding. — One quart of per¬
simmons mashed fine with the hands, and
every seed removed. Add one quart of
sweet milk, one egg, one tablespoonful of
butter, one-half teaspoonful each of cin¬
namon, nutmeg and ginger, and half as
much of allspice and cloves, half cupful of
sugar. Pour into a buttered baking dish,
and bake till well set, as if for custard.
Eat hot or cold; delicious either way.

Persimmon Bread. — Use one quart per¬
simmon prepared as in the other recipe;
one quart sifted cornmeal, salt, and a
small pinch of soda; enough warm water
to make a soft dough. Make into pones
and bake in a quick oven.

Persimmon Figs.— Another one was to
gather them, and press each one between
thumb and finger, and put in layers in
an open-mouthed jar, with a thin layer of
sugar between the layers of fruit and
sugar on the top. After a few weeks, say
three or four, lay on .a platter or plate
in single layers and dry in a very cool
oven or in the sun. When thoroughly dry
they will keep as long as the children, or
grown folks, will let them alone.

MRS. W. F. FUCHS.

Relief for Chilblains

Noticing your appeal for chilblain rem¬
edies on page SS I write to say that our
family discovered some years since that
tincture of aconite will emphatically cure
them. Since applying it we have never had
a return of the affliction. I have knocked
about all day in slushy snow without rub¬
bers, and sat all the evening before an
open fire, without the slightest incon¬
venience, when before using the aconite I
would have been crazy. We got the
“mother tincture” and put a teaspoonful
in a pint of water, and on retiring gave
the feet a thorough bathing in it for three
nights, repeating if there was a return,
which ended it. j. v. henry nott.

There is a cure for chilblains, and this
is it : Heat three quarts of pork brine in
an iron kettle, pour into a tub or pail ;
as soon as cool enough to hold a finger
in the brine dip the bare feet in and out
quickly. Repeat as fast as possible until
one can hold the feet in for 20 minutes.
Let them dry off; repeat the next night,
and you will never be troubled any more.
It is best to wear cotton stockings next to
the flesh. • _ mrs. l. s. l.

No success is worthy of the name un¬
less it is won by honest industry and a
brave breasting of the waves of fortune.
— Huxley.

You can make better food with

Royal Baking Powder

ABSOLUTELY PURE.

Lighter, sweeter, more palatable
and wholesome.

IT WILL KEEP

It is not always necessary
to use a whole bottle of
Scott’s Emulsion. What is
left will keep. We have seen
a bottle of our Emulsion
three years old that is still
good. What other prepara¬
tion of cod liver oil will keep
sweet and permanent for half
that length of time ? Scott’s
Emulsion is alwavs reliable

J

because it’s always absolutely
pure.

We'll send you a sample free.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York

A Favorite Cough Remedy. For
lolds. Sore Throat, Asthma, Catarrh,
no more useful article can be found.

WINSLOW’S
SOOTHING SYRUP

has boon rued by Millions of Mothers for their '
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the ^uma, allays (

all pain,
remedy

e best <

cures wind colic, and
tor diarrhoea. ♦

_ TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

Buys This Large Handsome Nickel
Trimmed Steel Range

without warming closet or
reservoir. With high warm¬
ing closet, porcelain lined
reservoir, just as shown In
cut. 113.95; large, roomy oven,
six cooking holes, body made
of cold rolled steel. Duplex
grate; burns wood or coal.
Handsome nickel trimmings,
highly polished.

terms S3

most liberal ever
made. You can pay
afteryou receivethe
range. You can take
it into your home,
use it 30 days, if you don’t
And it exactly as represent¬
ed. the biggest bargain you
ever saw, equal to stoves
retailed for double our
price, return It to us. We
w ill pay freight both ways.
CUT THIS AD OUT, send it to us and we will mail

- ! you our large stove catalogue.

75 styles to select from. Don’t buy until you get it.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

NOW IS THE TIME

to decorate yonr home; don't buy wall papers
until you see our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks
and Ingrains at 5 to liJJij cts. per roll. We save
youSOp.c.; we defy competition. Write for
our book of samples sent free, which includes
all instructions to hang your own paper.
Consumers Wall Paper and Supply Co.
Greenpolnt, Brooklyn, N. Y.

HOOD RUBBERS

/hood\

TRADE (rubber coMPm) MARK)

\ BOSTON / '

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/F you CAH/VOT GET THESE /?£/&-

TfiOfif yoi/fi DfA££/?-jy/?/rE </&

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE.
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Fhke.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year g-narantee, thirty days trial.
Fend postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 59

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

‘•In the low raftered garret, stooping
Carefully over the creaking boards.

Old Maid Dorothy goes a groping

Among the dusty and cobwebbed hoards.
Seeking some bundle of patches hid

Far under the eaves, or bunch of sage,

Or satchel hung on its nail amid
The heirlooms of a by-gone age.”

The boys heard a noise in the henhouse
the other night, and I went with them to
find the cause. We took the lantern and
made a little procession Jo the barnyard.
Grant was courageous, and opened the

door just as something fluttered down,
that turned out to be a six-months-old

12 to 16 yrs.

pullet with a hole in its wing. We looked
toward the roost, and saw two fiery balls
staring at us. “It's an owl !” I said, but
it was quite a job to capture the creature.
Of course the lads were proud of their
game, and told their mother that “Auntie
was afraid.” I don’t like the look of Mr.
Owl yet, for his black eyes are cruel, and
seem to say they would like to pay back
their captors if they had a chance. What
a world it is. The large animals prey
upon the smaller ones, from the highest
to the lowest without any compunction.
This creature will devour a mouse at one
gulp, and Nature’s laws seem unkind, for
we do not understand them. Owls are
good foragers and we must not keep him
too long a prisoner.

It sounded humiliating to be "afraid” of
such a small disturber of the peace, but
the fault was not in the bird nor in me,
but in the indoor life 1 have lately led.
"You look peaked. Charity, you’re all run
down,” the neighbors say when they come
in of an afternoon, and I must confess
that I very much object to being “run
down,” for it seems as if women ought to
guard against these attacks of “nerves.”
In the country where we have good food
and' air, and can get out into the sunshine,
it is a sin to be overcome by nervous
disorders. But all sorts and conditions of
men and women are subject to depression
at times, and feel as if their work in the
world was of small account. Besides,
it is possible to overwork — to be too anx¬
ious about making a little money — and
forget the needs of the body and of the
soul. But after a few days I “took up
the burden of life again,” and let Minty
go on with her quilt-making, for she is
busy piecing one, and wants it to be on
the quilting frames when the long March
days are here again. It is the double Irish
chain, a very pretty pattern, and we like
to make them better than having “bought-
cn ones, though the men often say it is a
waste of time.

I he last two days T went out with the
boys on their sled, and we all laughed at
the owl that snapped at the meat I gave
'f, as if he would have liked it to be my
finger. Yesterday afternoon Minty went
over to see Miss Miner and took her
patchwork along, and after I had tidied
the kitchen, and watered the plants, I sat
nown to mend stockings, when all at
once there came to me the recollection of
an old box in the garret where was stored
years before some designs for quilts, and
I went up to find them. A curious place
!s a garret in an old home that has been
m the same family for more than one
generation. I here was a broken rocker
that used to be downstairs when Father
was here, and the remnant of a spinning-
wheel that had belonged to Grandma.

hen under the eaves I found the box of
patterns and near by the legs and bars of
a title red chair that I had when a child.

here was a lot of old harness-mending
tools that Father worked with on stormy
(lays, when he would say, “I am going to
.company, Charity, while I mend
old Dobbin’s bridle,” for he could do any¬

thing of that sort and used to say there
was “as much in saving as making.” His
cheery whistle and laugh did one’s heart
good, and I think half the trouble with
some of us is the lack of cheerful com¬
pany, some one to smile back on us and
encourage us to live.

I was not very gay when I went down
the narrow garret stairs, but the sight of
the old things had done me good, though
they brought tears to my eyes, and as I
sat down at the south window to examine
the old patchwork designs I repeated the
last verse of the poem that heads this
letter :

Yet faithfulness in the humblest part
Is better at last, than proud success,

And patience and love in a chastened heart
Are pearls more precious than happiness.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

The Rural Patterns.

Simple models suit young girls far better
than the more elaborate ones can ever do,
and No. 4926 is particularly attractive and
graceful. The novel shape of the chemi¬
sette is a special feature, and the sleeves,
shirred to form two puffs, are very gen¬
erally becoming to girlish figures. As
illustrated the material is pale blue messa-
line crepe, the chemisette and trimming
being of twine colored lace, and belt mes-
saline satin, but all the many soft and pli¬
able materials of fashion are appropriate.
The waist is made with the fitted lin¬
ing, over which the full front and backs
are arranged. The sleeves consist of the
puffed portions and the cuffs, which are
faced on to the linings. The belt is softly
draped and closed at the back. The quan¬
tity of material required for a girl of 14
years of age is 3 Ys yards 21 2x/2 yards 27
or 15/s yards 44 inches wide, with Yt yards
of all-over lace and, Y yards of silk for
belt. The pattern 4926 is cut in sizes for
girls of 12, 14 and 16 years of age; price
10 cents.

Blouse waists with round yokes suit
many women far better than any other
style. No. 4927 is closed invisibly at the
left shoulder seam and beneath the plait
at the edge of the right front, while the
fullness is laid in combined box and
side plaits. In the case of the model the
material is pale blue chiffon eolienne with
twine colored lace, the bands and belt be¬
ing of blue chiffon velvet, the former
piped with white. All the season’s mate¬
rials are correct, however, and the trim¬
ming can be varied to suit the gown. The
sleeves, which are gathered midway of
the puffs render the model desirable for
women whose aim is to reduce breadth,
while they are graceful upon all figures.
The waist is made with a fitted founda¬
tion, fronts, back and yoke. The sleeves
consist of the puffs, which are shirred on

4927 Fancy Blouse Wais
32 to 42 bust.

indicated lines, and the foundations that
are faced to form the cuffs. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size is 4Y yards 21, 3x/2 yards 27 or 2XA
yards 44 inches wide, with 1 yard of all-
over lace and Y yards of velvet to trim
as illustrated. The pattern 4927 is cut
m sizes for a 32. 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42-inch
bust measure; price 10 cents.

Ointment for Cracked Hands. —
Many people suffer a great deal in Win¬
ter from cracks at the ends of the fin¬
gers or in other places on the hands. The
following has been found helpful for such
cases, but should be used persistently if
one has to put the hands in water a great
deal. I o one part each of beeswax and
resin add two parts of mutton tallow and
melt together. 'Phis ointment is very hard
and needs to be warmed before applying
Using a very little, just what seems to be
readily absorbed, is better than to use a
larger quantity. s. a. r

BUY DIRECT

And Save All
Middlemen’s Profits

If you want to save 40 per cent, to 50 per cent, on Household Supplies, write to¬
day for our large 240-page Illustrated Catalogue and Housekeeper’s
Guide No. lO, fully illustrating and describing over 4,000 articles which are

shipped on approval direct from Factory to User at Wholesale Factory
Prices.

EVERGOOD
RANGES

POLISHED

STEEL

PLATE

Shipped direct
from our own
factory.

A GUARANTEE
BOND given with
every stove or range
sold, allowing you

60 DAYS1

Burns coal, wood or gas. FREE TRIAL

111 y\ 4-q tn.H av for foil and complete in
*■ > lie IU lid Jr formation about our plan
and method of shipping stoves and ranges from fac¬
tory to user, and why we can save you at least $10.00
I to $lf).00 on a steel range by buying from us.

27c. Carpet Offer

At 27c. a yard we offer
a good heavy 36-inch
width Granite Carpet.
New Floral designs in red
or green colored ground
with handsome contrast¬
ing colors in Floral Patterns

Write for Carpet Sam¬
ples and our large Cata¬
logue showing everything in
Brussels, Velvet, Axminster.
Also all wool and half wool
Ingrain Carpets.Art Squares,
Rugs, etc. Please state the
grade of carpet you desire
samples of, as we furnish
extra large samples, large
enough to give you an excellent idea of the colors
and designs. All we ask is that you send us
stamps to the amount of one (lc.) cent each to
cover postage on same. Write to-day.

*16 -98 ^fplreu dining room outfit

For $16.98 We Furnish a Handsome Imitation Quarter-
Sawed Dining Room OntGt— Consisting of 1 Sideboard, 1 6-Foot

Extension Table, 1 Set (6) Dining Chairs.

The Sideboard is made of selected
northern Hardwood, imitation
Quartered Oak finish, 14x24
Bevel Plate Mirror, and
handsomely ca rved ; sold
separate from suite at only
$9.48. The table has solid
oak top, fancy turned and
fluted legs, finished gol¬
den, 6 ft. extension ; sold
separate from outfit
only $3.98. The 6 chairs
ar*i odid oak with cane seat,
nicelyfinishedand well made ;
sold separate from outfit
only $4.20. Remember we
ship this entire outfit subject
to your approval and allow
you to return it to us at our
expense both ways, if not
exactly as represented.

ii

EVERGOOD ”

KITCHEN

CABINETS

Shipped C. O. D. subject to your approval.
Write for large catalogue.

At $3.98 we offer our No. S6, a 27x42 inch top
Kitchen Cabinet with two Hour bins and one
drawer and Kneading Board, while $5.50 buys
our No. S8, exactly as illustrated with 28x48 inch
top, 30 inches high, has two large flour bins, two
drawers and two Kneading Boards. Bins are
closely fitted and insect proof. The top is made
of selected soft wood and the balance is hand¬
somely finished golden oak. Write to-day for
our large catalogue showing 18 different styles
at factory prices.

3 PIECE BED
ROOM SUITE

$12.98

_ _ ON APPROVAL

This handsome bedroom suite is made from selected Northern
Hardwood, finished a rich golden, mahogany or maple. The bed is
of standard size, and head is elaborately carved. The dresser is
generous in size, the four drawers afford ample storage capacity, and
the trimmings are A No. 1 quality brass. The shapely mirror is oi
plate glass with a deep bevel. The commode is a like design, and
harmonious in every respect.

We sell bedroom suites at about one-half the
price charged by others.

Write to-day for onr FREE Illustrated Housekeepera’ Guide.

65 Buys this
■MORRIS
Reclining Chair

Finished in golden oak or
mahogany, eqnal to chairs
sold at double the price.
Has latest adjustment
cushions, upholstered i n
best grade figured velours,
any color you desire.
Write for 240-page illus¬
trated catalogue.

|0 Buys this
■ ROTARY WASHER

This machine is con¬
structed of selected
Southern poplar, fully
. corrugated inside and
free from nails or blocks.
Hoops are of heavy steel.
Has adjustable brackets
and bottom is fitted with
patent cross section.
Write for free catalogue
and wholesale prices on
our complete line.

Turkish Tufted — 65
Couch only - - Jp/ .

Made with selected Solid Oak Frame, has
I guaranteed steel construction, seven rows deep
tufting, measures 28 inches in width, 7! inches
in length and covered with a high grade velour
in any color you may desire. Sent on
approval.

Write to-day for Free Catalogue, and Address Plainly to

STEWART BROS.

468 to 472 Market Place

COLUMBUS OHIO, U. S. A.

i6o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 2.'), 1 ‘.)or>.

HUMOROUS

There was an old person of Woking,

Whose mind was perverse and provoking;
lie sat on a rail.

With his head in a pail ; ■

That illusive old person of Woking.

— Edward Lear.

“Isn’t the doctor's wife beautiful? She;

"Quitep

And the doctor has a bill like that ob

IS

has a neck like that of a swan;
so

a pelican.” — Judge.

Tired Mother (to restless child) :
“Now you set still ! I’ve druv you ten
miles to enjoy this entertainment, and you
shall enjoy it if I have to pull every hair
out of your head!” — Life.

Charles : “Your uncle is a very relig¬
ious man, I understand?” Henry: “Oh,
yes, indeed ! He positively hates every¬
body who belongs to any other church
than his own.” — The Ram's Horn.

“I suppose it’s always hog-killing time
in your town, Miss Packer?" sneered the
New Yorker. “O ! yes,” replied the fair
visitor from Cincinnati, “but don't let that
keep you from visiting us. We always
protect our guests.” — Philadelphia Press.

Mr. Fathead: “Oh, yes, children and
dogs can always be relied on to — er — er
express their feelings without deceit. Now,
Tommy, come here, my boy, and tell us
what you think of me. (Silence.) Come,
speak out, little man, don't be afraid.
(Still silence.) Why won't you tell us
what you think of me ?” Tommy : “ ’Cos
1 don't want a licking.” — Puck.

“How far do you travel in crossing the
ocean from Liverpool to New York?”
asked the instructor at the night school.
“Four thousand miles.” “Oh, no. Think
again.” "That's right,” persisted the
shaggy-haired pupil. “I know the book
says 3,000 miles, an’ that's what it is in
a straight line, but I'm countin’ in the ups
and downs. I've been acrost." — Credit
Lost.

Rapid disappearance of coal from his bin
alarmed Major Higgins, and he deter¬
mined to trace it. He questioned the man
who tended the furnace. “ 'Rastus,” he
asked, “where do you reckon my coal has
disappeared to?” Erastus scratched his
head thoughtfully. “Wal, suh,” he re¬
plied, “Ah— Ah — Ah— Ah reckon dem
squihels done took it.” “Squirrels? Take
coal? Nonsense!” “Yasseh, squihels,
Major Higgins. Dat was nut coal, suh.”
— Chicago News.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BE8T

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dcricf8
•refits, In use 61 y*a rs. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INQERSOLL. 246 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

o

° ALL _

S earing

— Wings with
^ \e ease of,
pendulum

t->

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

85to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. ,New York.

Not A Decent Wire Fence Made

but that would be better if stretched on our
stool posts. Hundreds of local fence agents
have been handling them for years, some
selling over 81,000 worth each season. In
many cases the posts sell the fence. Not
necessary to carry In stock, but order as
wanted. " Every fence agent should send us
his address and get full particulars.

BOND STEEL POST COMPANY,

Adrian, Michigan. _

You Don’t Buy Trouble

Hut Wash Day Comfort and
Pleasure when you buy the

Acme Washing Machine

Built right, works right and IS ALL right. Washes
thoroughly finest fabrics or heaviest woolens. No
center post to stain or tear the clothes. Steam-tight
top — simply raise it and lean it against handle to
drain — no lifting from tub. Strong, well-braced hard¬
wood stand for tub, basket and wringer. Honestly
constructed, best materials, best workmanship, hand¬
somely finished. Saves your health, strength and
patience. Try it — if it does not do — More Work,
Better Work, with Less Effort than any other
machine made, your money will be refunded.

Jf your dealer hasn't the Acme, write us to-day.

Acme Washing Machine Company
Columbus, Ohio

THE

Great Western Apron

Manure Spreader

CDDCJHIC all kinds of manure, straw stack bottoms and commercial fertilizer regard-
wiViLmUw less of their condition. Spreads as much in a day as 15 men can by hand. Spreads the
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes the same amount of manure go three time* as far and
produce better results; makes all manure fine and immediately available for plant food.

MAll DllkiPIIADI C DAVE forms a hopper, holds all hard chunks in contact
llUll"DUIlunADLC llAIVC With beater until thoroughly pulverized.

Ciini CCC ADDnU is one continous apron, (not a % apron) therefore always ready fo
CIlULCdO ArnUII load. You don’t have to drive a certain distance to pull it back
into position after each load or wind it back by hand; it is a great advantage In making long hauls.
TI1CDC 1C lin C CAD III about our Endless Apron to break and cause trouble,
I flCIfC Iw I1U U C A H I II II it is always up out of the way of obstructions as it
does not extend below axle. Spreads evenly from start to finish and cleans out perfectly clean,
unnn nun run CATC keeps manure away from beater while loading; pre-
V1UUU AIYU CI1U IIA I C vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch
when starting and acts as wind shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated
while in motion to spread thick or thin, 3 to 25 loads per acre.

I IPIIT nDA CT because the load is nearly equally balanced on front and rear axles.
LIU || | || II A I I The team is as near the load as it can work. Front and rear axles are
the samelength and wheels track; beater shaft runs in ball and socket bearings, therefore no friction.
Beater is 28 inches in diameter, seat turn* over when loading. Machine turnsin its own length.
£i|H[}| | n 1 TV There are only two levers on our machine. One which raises the hood,
OllflrLIul I I locks it and throws the machine in gear at the same time. It can then
be thrown in and out of gear without lowering the hcod. One lever which changes
feed to spread thick or thin, making it so simple that a boy who can drive a team can handle it.
CTDCUPTII Alin nilDADII ITV is one of the most important points to be
QlAERilkfl AHU UUnADILI I I considered in a manure spreader. TheGreat
Western lias a good, strong, durable wheel. Extra strong spoke and rim, heavy steel tires. Strong, well
braced box with heavy oa,; sill. Oak tongu., hickory d< ubletrees, malleable castings, gears and
sprockets all keyed on. Galvanized hood. Every part is made extra strong, regardless of cost. Itis
made forthe man who wants the best; made In four sizes, 30, 50, 70 and 100 bushel capacity.
PIIIDRUTCE Should any part break, wear out or get out of order within one year wo
IlUAnAn I EC replace free of charge. Send for free catalogue, showing latest improve¬
ments. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.

15 S. Clinton Street, CHICAGO, ILL,

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

. creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
[B ~T~t f = lrr 1 Jackson's Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
1L> 1 ILL j pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
- for what you want and prices. JOHN H. JACKSON. 78 Third Are., Albany, N.Y.

A Chain Drive

Mower That Meets
Every Condition of Grass
or Ground

Cuts any kind of grass, on any kind of ground.
There’s scarcely a condition that 'ts wide range
of adjustments will not meet to >erfection. Easy
on the horses— easy on the driver. A combination
of greatest strength, lightest possible draft,
smoothest cutting and wearing qualities that has
won a host of farmer friends. Its roller bearings—
long, wood pitman— babbitted pitman box— cutting
apparatus that will not clog — evenly divided
draft— a perfect foot lift, are points worth
considering. Our free Mower Folder fully
explains and illustrates these
superior advantages— tells how it meets
every need with least labor and power.
They are points you ought to know before
buying a mower and it costs but a postal to
get them. Send today and we will send wit h
folder our general catalog showing all
the Johnston farm implements— the
Grand Prize line at St. Louis.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say that
the best investment they ever made was
when they bought an

Electric HaWagon

Low wheels, wide tires; easy work, light draft.
We’ll sell you a get of the best steel wheels
made for your old wagon. Spoke united with
hub. guaranteed not to break nor work loose.
Send for our catalogue and save money.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 88. Quincy, III.

B0WSHER MILLS/

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Hare conical shaped grinders. Different
front all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

T nlzes— 2 to 25 horse power. One style for
windwheel use. (Also moUe Sweep
Grinders — Geared mid Plain.)

V P. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

UNITED STATES

Importing Canadian

WHEAT

la Soiv a Fact. Get a

JOHNSTON MOWER N0.9

HOMESTEAD

WESTERN
CANADA

or buy some of the best wheat lands on
the continent, and become a producer.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

The overate yield of wheat this year
will be about 20 bushels to the acre.
The oat and barley crop will also yield
abundantly. Splendid climate good,
schools and churches, excellent market¬
ing facilities.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Cun., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

Copyright**!.

“A Dog on Good Scale.”

You Can Save From $30. to $50.

a

— BY BUYING OUR —

KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when it leaves our
factory, with the exception of floor planks.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

Dept. Z 5 Kansas City, Mo. Branch, Dayton, 0.

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Bay a
tlonary ortraction. Mention »his paper. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. THE TEMPLE P

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

_ _ _ _ _ _ a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

Costs Less to Buy and Less to Run. Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at_small_cost—portable,sta-

UMP CO-. Mfnt.. Meairher & 16th St«.. Chicago. THIS I . .

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

ckly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted oi _0 — . _ .

P CO«i Meagher &, 16th St#., Chicago, THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

A 50-ACRE CROP IN 40-ACRE TIME

can be harvested with Walter A. Wood harvesting machinery. The labor and time saving devices of 1904 have been further improved for 1905. We are
the oldest independent manufacturers of harvesting machinery in the world. If you want the best machinery, the kind that lasts, you need

WALTER A. WOOD MACHINERY

If you would know more about their Mowers, Binders,

Reapers, Hay Tedders, Rakes, ask for the new catalog, which fully describes their complete line,
les rough or smooth ground with equal ease. We will direct you to the nearest agency where yc

Century” Binder js the greatest binder of the age. Handles rough _ 0 _ _ _ _ _ _

Repairs furnished for Walter A. Wood machinery of any date, no matter how ancient. Full stocks of various parts carried at all central points.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

The “New
you can see it.

\

THE

RURAL NEWTORKER

MARCH 4

sojoe

JsjqilAiun n8lU0;). 905.

mgMk

This photograph tells our story better
than words

Every soil heeds

Peruvian Guano

can best be carried
on by using Brown’s
Gasoline Engine Or¬
chard and Park Out¬
fit, here pictured
Most perfect work¬
ing power rig ever
offered. Pipes and
all working parts of
brass.

Mechanical agita¬
tion independent of
pump; adjustable
spray; engine any
capacity; complete
rig weighs less tiian 400 pounds. We are the largest manu¬
facturers of spraying apparatus in the world, and have
hand and power outfits for vineyards,
potatoes, small fruits and truck, as
well as the well-known

Ready Roofing Soars Far Above
Every Other •

It is wind, water and weather proof. It needs no
painting, no repairs, no tinkering; in fact, no attention
for years You can put it on, yourself, and then forget
about the roof altogether.

Don’t Forget to Send for Free Booklet and Sample

BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO.

Nevr York
New Orleans

Chicago

Cleveland

Pliila delphia
St. Fouls

Allegheny

Cincinnati

Kansas City
Minneapolis

Free

Sample on
Request

The largest, most complete stock of trees and plants in the
U. S. ; all the leading sorts, as fine as can be grown
Headquarters for Grape Vines, Seedlings, Stocks, Root
Grafts, Scions, Small Fruits, Vermont Apple Seed

Introducers and Sole Owners of the superb commercial ap¬
ples, Black Ben, Champion, Delicious, Senator,
King David, etc., all of which are covered by Registered
Trade Mark for the protection of our customers.

Planters are warned against planting spurious
trees under these trade mark names

44 pages 9 x 12 inches; 22 colored plates showing in natural
colors 216 varietiesof Fruit, with concise description, including season
of ripening of each; 64 half-tone views of Nurseries, Orchards, Packing
Houses, etc. Send 50cts. and we will send thebook post-paid, and Rebate Ticket
permitting return of book by mail within 60 days and we refund 50 cts. Or, mail
within 1 year. Rebate Ticket "with 812 order for nursery stock and we credit $1.00
in part payment on order and you keep the book free. WE PAY THE FREIGHT.
niV 01011 weekly and want more home and traveling salesmen. Outfit
W El rAl vAi^ll free.— STARK BRO’S, Louisiana Mo., Dansville N. Y., Fayetteville Ark,

BIG CROPS OF CORN, VEGETABLES, FRUIB AND ALL FARM CROPS

cheaply raised by Peruvian Guano— Nature’s Fertilizer, containing in most available forms
the elements essential to force quickest and best growth.

Twenty-five thousand tons have just been imported from newly opened deposi s off the Coast
of Peru, equalling iu richness the old-time supplies, — coutaining as much as 1,600 POUNDS
PLANT FOOD IN EVERY TON.

CHINCH A

Aixrii.ijYsis

LO BOS

8.40 l’er Cent.

AM MONIA

3.45 Per Cent.

2.17

POTASH

3.00 “

20.07

HONE PHOSPHATE

40.00 “

9.55 “

PHOS. AC! I)

18.00 “

9.49 “

LIME

15.29 “

28.02 “

ORGANIC MATTER

12.00 “

From The Southern Planter, Richmond, February, 1905:

“ We would like to see farmers availing themselves of some of the old fashioned Peruvian Guano,
which can once again be had. Recently new deposits have been found, and now it is regularly im¬
ported into this country, cargoes being discharged at nearly all Southern ports as well as North. A
recent analysis of oue of these cargoes gave the following results; —

23.00 Per Cent. L1MK
3.63 “ AMMONIA

4.25 “ POTASH lActual)

50 00 “ RON K l’HOSPB AT K (Available Phosphoric Acid)

14.25 “ ORGANIC MATTER

32.1'J pounds in all in every hundred of food of value to the crop. A fertilizer with such I
an analysis as this Is bound to tell wben used. We used it thirty years ago with wonderful results and
thls also is the testimony of numerous old tobacco planters with whom we have talked.”

From The American Fertilizer, Philadelphia, October, 1904:

“The above stated article of guano (Peruvian Guano) has of laie been again Introduced into our
markets. It is evidently a genuine sample of PERUVIAN GUANO, ami of a valuable com¬
position as a general fertilizer. * * * Its composition makes of it a fertilizer favorable for all

plants. » * * Great use is made of Guano in kitchen garden growing.”

A.gricultixral 03A.exaa.xca.lisi — Homo IVIixing

We import direct our own Nitra'e of .Soda, Nitrate, Muriate and Sulphate of Potash,
Kainit, etc., and also deal in Acid Phosphate, and can offer these materials, guaranteed pure, at
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NEW YORK, MARCH 4, 1905.

81 PER YEAR.

not I? Just here the thought came to me — “The Michi¬
gan Agricultural College is at my very door, and there
r can get the information I so much need.” I went
to the College, and Prof. Gunson, who has charge of
the greenhouses, very patiently listened to and an¬
swered the many questions which I put to him so

effectually, for one thing I
had learned from my Win¬
ter’s experience, if nothing
else, and that was how to
ask questions. This was the
first of many trips to the
College. I always found
Prof. Gunson ready and
willing to answer my eager
queries. He told me how
difficult was my undertaking,
and I must not expect suc¬
cess at first ; that I was more
likely than not to fail the
first year; that I could not
keep my hands soft and
white, and that I would have
to give up many things in
the way of social pleasures.
But when he found I was
determined, he gave me all
the assistance he could, and,
in fact, it was here that I
received much of the knowl¬
edge that else I must have
paid dearly for.

THE PLANTS AND
THE HOUSE.— In the
Spring I bought 1,000 sand-
rooted violet cuttings, and
set them in the field early in
May. These did very well
indeed, until July, when the
dreaded Violet spot visited
them, and, between a spray¬
ing of poorly-prepared Bor¬
deaux Mixture and the spot
itself, nearly 300 plants were
lost. There were still
enough, however, to plant in
the house I had planned to
build. This house was 14
by 40 feet, and was built
largely of second-hand ma¬
terial, which I had been get¬
ting together since I had de¬
cided to erect a greenhouse.
From one person I bought
sash enough for the whole
roof; from another hot
water pipe sufficient to heat
the house ; from a contrac¬
tor some plank used in mor¬
tar beds, which only in¬
creased their value to me.
I also bought a car heater
from one of the railroad
companies, which did excel¬
lent work in heating. The
house all completed cost
$137.34.

THE FIRST WINTER.
— After the violets were in
the house I was more than
anxious to see the first blooms. I did not have to
wait long, for before September ended I sent my
first violets to Chicago. It was not all a simple mat¬
ter from then on. No, indeed ! I had to learn by
experience how to bunch and pack in an attractive
manner, how to protect from frost, and many, many
other things. In fact, it was a Winter of experiences.

VIOLET RAISING FOR WOMEN .

A Michigan Grower's Experience.

A MODEST START. — I tell the story of my own
work, not because I believe it to be one of the most
desirable occupations for women, but rather to demon¬
strate the truth that many
women might improve their
present condition by earning
their livelihood from the cul¬
tivation of the soil, or other
work with nature. By so
doing, they would find that
they not only would improve
in physical health by breath¬
ing the fresh air and living
in closer touch with nature,
but in many cases the finan¬
cial recompense would be
more satisfactory. In the
Spring of 1^5 my father
bought 10 acres just outside
the city of Lansing, and we
moved there the first of May.

Just before I left for our
new home a friend said to
me, when I described to her
the place we had recently
purchased :

“If I owned a place like
that, do you know what I
would do?”

“No,” I eplied, “what
would you do?”

“I should grow English
violets,” she said, and added,

"I know of a lady near the

city of B - , who made

herself wealthy by the cul¬
ture of violets.”

It seemed best on many
accounts that I should ar¬
range to be at home with
my parents, and yet I felt I
must be doing something for
myself. Therefore, the sug¬
gestion made by my friend,
corresponding as it did with
my desire to be at home, was
in my mind much of the
time during the following
Summer, and I read all of
the literature I could find on
the culture of this modest
little flower. Perhaps it
would be well to state here
that I never, previous to this
time, had shown any marked
interest in the cultivation of
plants. I was born on a
farm in western New York,
and spent my early years
there. As soon as I was old
enough I was sent away to
school, and had only Sum¬
mers on the farm. My books'
occupied my thoughts to the
exclusion of any close ac¬
quaintance with the mys¬
teries of the farm and the study of nature.

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE HELPS.— But

to return to the subject. In the Fall of 1895 I deter¬
mined to attempt the culture of violets in a com¬
mercial way. I might pass over my first year’s experi¬
ence, but as this is a true story I think I’ll begin at
the beginning. In September I bought 100 plants, and

after making a compost according to the most “ap¬
proved formula,” I planted them in flats (shallow
boxes), and placed them in a vacant room in our
home. I tended them with the most persevering care,
but alas, not until the plants were taken out of doors
in the Spring was I rewarded with a single bloom.

VIOLET CULTURE IN MICHIGAN. Fig. 63.

EXTERIOR OF VIOLET HOUSE. Fig. 64.

After having read the wonderful stories of violet
profits, my disappointment can readily be imagined ;
and, what was worse still, my scheme was constantly
appearing less plausible to my father, whose co-opera¬
tion I so much desired. However, I was not ready to
give it up. I had decided to grow violets. Others had
succeeded in growing thetn} therefore why should

1 62

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4,

but at the end of the season I found I had paid ex¬
penses and had a few cents more than what the house
had cost remaining. The returns were not large for
the labor expended, but I was satisfied that I could
make violet growing pay, and, too, 1 had won my
father’s interested co-operation, and from then on we
worked together. After this our business grew rap¬
idly. In 1897 we doubled our house. In 1898 we again
built a house as large as the one we then had. In
1899 we added another house 1G by 100 feet. In 1902
we again doubled our entire plant. We now have seven
houses, making about 10,000 feet of glass.

CONSTRUCTION. — Our houses are built with top
benches level with the ground outside. The walks are
dug out to a depth of three feet. The beds are six
feet wide in the center and three feet
wide on each side. Hot water is the
method of heating, and all pipes are
over the benches. We burn hard coal,
and by so doing avoid the expense of a
night man. The houses are kept at a
low temperature at night, below 40 de¬
grees if possible, and above 34 degrees,
except occasionally, when a little frost
is allowed to creep in. We put sand-
rooted cuttings in the field in early May,
and the plants are thoroughly cultivated
during the Summer months. The ma¬
jority of violet growers do not approve
of this method, but with us it has been
very satisfactory. Perhaps this is be¬
cause we have sufficient acreage so that
plants need not be grown continuously
on the same ground. In August the
soil is taken out of the beds to a depth
of from five to six inches; then they are
filled in with ordinary garden soil. We
endeavor to have plants all lifted and
in the bouses before September 1. Care¬
ful cultivation, clipping of runners, water¬
ing and spraying keep us busy during the Autumn.
The plants must not be allowed too much water, nor
yet too little. The ravages of red spider must be
checked by effectual spraying. The black and green
fly must be driven out by the use of tobacco. The
new To-bak-ine preparations are our most efficient
helpers in this latter task. Early in October the bloom
should appear, though the violet does not reach its
best until about Thanksgiving.

BUNCHING AND MARKETING.— In preparing
the stock for market we put 25 or 50 in bunch, with
heads even, and surround the bloom with green leaves,
making a very conventional appearing bunch. For our

WEIGHING SPRAYING MATERIALS. Fig. 65.

retail trade, the violets are put together in a more
careless and graceful manner. This method could not
be used for shipping, for they would not bear handling
as well as the compact bunches. The trade offers much
that adds to the beauty of the violet in the way of
violet-colored ribbons, <-'ords, boxes, paper, etc., and the
retailer finds it to his interest to use them. The sea¬
son lasts until about the middle of April, though the
most abundant crop is in February and March. As
soon as the violets are gone the old plants are thrown
out, and the young plants are put in the field. It is
important in the cultivation of crops under glass that
the soil never be idle. After considerable experiment¬
ing we decided to grow cucumbers for our Summer
crop. We have our plants, one or two feet high, grown

in pots, ready to go in beds immediately when the
violet plants are taken out. These vines are trained
up over the pipes next to the glass, making a very
attractive picture by the middle of June. We usually
cut our first cucumbers as early as May 10, and con¬
tinue cutting until those grown out of doors appear
on the market. The variety of violet grown is Marie
Louise, a double sort, with a few of the California, sin¬
gle flowered, to supply foliage for both.

WHAT THE WORK MEANS.— I have often hesi¬
tated to tell the story of my work in print, because
of the immoderate tales told by other growers. If
their stories be true, then I have not been successful
according to what they would term success ; but I have
found that there were fairly good returns for the out¬

lay of capital and labor, and I have also found that
my income as a violet grower is larger than what- I
could earn as a teacher or in office work, even though
i might command the highest salary that I know of
any of my friends, engaged in these occupations, re¬
ceiving. In many ways I work harder than my friends
who are doing different work. I probably have more
care and responsibility than I would if I were working
on a salary. I cannot always be tidy and attractive in
personal appearance. My hands show the marks of
out-of-door toil. But there are over-balancing features.
1 am in my own home; I am not dependent on the
pleasure of another as to my holding my position ; I
go and come as 1 please. Indeed, I wish 1 might
make more of my sister breadwinners realize that they
could earn a pleasanter and better livelihood in spe¬
cializing along some of the lines which nature is con¬
tinually offering to them. ida l. Chittenden.

Michigan.

THE LIME AND SULPHUR WASH WITH¬
OUT BOILING.

Practical Methods in Making and Application.

Many persons do not spray with lime and sulphur
because they believe that a rather elaborate and ex¬
pensive outfit is necessary for cooking the mixture.
In a large orchard this is more essential than else¬
where; yet orchards of 9,000 and 12,000 trees (mostly
peach) were sprayed last season in Connecticut, and
all of the materials cooked by the steam from a porta¬
ble engine boiler of five or six horse-power capacity.
One man sprayed 400 bearing peach and plum trees, and
boiled the mixture with steam from the heating plant of
his house. Iron kettles and feed cookers can be use*d
nicely, and the writer has boiled the materials in an
agate-ware kettle on the stove. But if not convenient
we need not boil it at all. We can use a slightly dif¬
ferent mixture, which can be made without boiling,
and spray we must, or cut down our trees.

I he lime-sulphur washes prepared without arti¬
ficial boiling, which were used in Connecticut last
season, gave very good results. The best of these were
second only to the boiled mixture, and in some
cases seemed to equal it. The mixtures giving the
best results in our tests were: 1, Lime, sulphur and
caustic soda. 2, Lime, sulphur and sodium sulphide.
3, Lime and potassium sulphide. Which one of these
would I advise? In a small home garden I should
advise No. 1, because it is cheaper than No. 3, and
while it is not cheaper than No. 2, it is easier to ob¬
tain the materials. Caustic soda can be purchased from
the druggist, and if he happens to be out of it, take
some common household lye that you can buy at
the grocer’s — perhaps you might better go to the gro¬
cer’s and get this at first.

How to make it? Weigh out the materials as fol¬
lows; Lime (fresh, hard lumps), 20 pounds; sulphur
(light flour), 14 pounds; caustic soda or lye, five

pounds ; water, 40 gallons. A mixing barrel must be
procured. For this purpose an oil barrel, or even a
good tight flour barrel will answer. Start the lime
slaking, using a little water at first, and stir constantly ;
when the action is well started add the sulphur and
enough water to prevent burning. The heat generated
by the lime in slaking will dissolve part of the sulphur.
When the lime has all slaked throw in the soda and
mix by stirring; be ready with water, because the soda
will cause the mixture to boil violently, often over¬
running the barrel. Only a little water should be
added, however, because it cools off the mixture, and
we must keep it just as hot as possible and still in
liquid form. When the action has ceased allow the
mixture to stand for 20 or 30 minutes, then dilute and
apply. Last year the sodium sulphide
came in large solid lumps that had to
be broken before using, as the large
lumps do not dissolve readily enough.
Now it can be obtained in proper con¬
dition for use.

In using this sulphide we use less sul¬
phur, because the sulphide itself fur¬
nishes considerable sulphur. In our tests
two formulas were followed:

A. Lime, 20 pounds; sulphur, 6 pounds;
sodium sulphide, 6 pounds; water, 40
gallons. B. Lime, 20 pounds; sul¬
phur, 11 pounds; sodium sulphide, 11
pounds ; water, 40 gallons. The reason
for using B was simply to test a stronger
mixture, containing nearly double the
quantities of sulphur and sodium sul¬
phide. It gave better results than A, but
the quantities of sulphur and sulphide
could probably be reduced a little and
still make an effective spray mixture.
The same outfit that has just been de¬
scribed will serve for making this mix¬
ture. After the lime begins to slake vig¬
orously, throw in the sulphur and the pulverized sodi¬
um sulphide and stir well. There is no violent boil¬
ing as when the caustic soda was used, but the sul¬
phide dissolves readily and is in itself an excellent
solvent of sulphur, dissolving more sulphur when cold
than caustic soda. When the lime is thoroughly
slaked keep the mixture hot as before by not adding
unnecessary water, and allow it to stand for twenty
to thirty minutes before diluting and spraying upon
the trees.

The method of preparing is shown in the accompany¬
ing illustrations, Figs. 65 and 67, and Fig. 75, page 165.

We have used lime and sodium sulphide without
the extra sulphur, depending on the sulphide for all
of the sulphur contained in the mixture, but the chemi¬
cal action between the sulphide and the lime forms
caustic soda to such an extent that the resulting mix¬
ture is hard to handle on account of its caustic action

MIXING THE LIME AND SULPHUR. Fig. 67.

on the skin. But in using the material as a solvent
for more sulphur, its causticity is much reduced, be¬
ing then more like the boiled mixture. Lime and
potassium sulphide make a mixture that seems to
be less caustic than if sodium sulphide is employed,
and we never have added extra sulphur to it; but the
potassium sulphide furnishes considerable sulphur. In
preparing this we usually dissolve the sulphide in
water in a pail or tub, slake the lime in a barrel and
when both are in liquid form put them together, dilute
and apply. This is too expensive, however, except
for small garden trees and shrubs. Copper kettles,
receptacles, or strainers should not be used, as they
are badly corroded by the mixture. Pails made of
compressed, wood fiber or pulp soon lose their coating

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

and become useless. Galvanized iron pails can be
used, but the galvanizing is soon eaten off, and the
iron will then rust. Wood pails and receptacles are
best for the lime-sulphur washes. Caustic soda dis¬
solved in water has not been as satisfactory in our
experiments as the- lime-sulphur mixtures. A well-
sprayed orchard is shown in Fig. 66, while Fig. 7a, page
165, shows a spray barrel upon a stone boat.

W. E. BRITTON.

HOW TO SPRAY.

Unless your orchard is small, 50 trees or less, don't
use a barrel; it wastes time. Get a 200-gallon half-
round wagon tank. Above this erect a scaffold six
or eight feet high, with sides still higher, to support
the operator of the spray. Bind the tank securely to
the wagon bolsters ; otherwise the operator’s weight
will turn it, and the wash of the licpiid will slide it
endwise. From this scaffold, with a 10-foot extension
rod, the operator can hit the high tops, and completely
cover the tree; unless this is done spraying is not
effectual. At the second spraying, when the petals
have fallen and flower stems still stand erect, a fall¬
ing spray is most effectual in reaching the inside of
the blossom cup, which at this time is still open. At
other times the essential
thing is to cover the surface
of both leaf and fruit. It
is found that quite a per cent
of worms are hatched and
take their first meal from
the leaves mostly on the un¬
der side. The operator, stand¬
ing on the scaffold 10 or 12
feet above the ground, and
with a 10-foot extension rod
crowned with a “four-way”
nozzle, so adjusted as to
spray the inside of an open
umbrella all at once, is in
the best obtainable position
to do effectual work.

High wind, light wind, no
wind, are all good days to
spray. If windy, drive
straight ahead across the
path of the wind, and allow
it to carry your spray for
you. Stop in such positions
as will allow you to reach
three sides of the tree in
passing. Keep the nozzles
moving up and down to fit
the outlines of the tree, and
keep at it till the branches
drip before moving on. The
trees can be finished the first
change of wind, or on a quiet
day. It has been proven
over and over that it is prac¬
tically useless to spray
against even a light breeze.

Much depends on the man at
the pump. If you have plen¬
ty of pressure the nozzles
will not clog. The spray will
be finer and cover more sur¬
face. If he cannot give you
pressure, remove two noz¬
zles. If he cannot then, get

down and show him how. If you would succeed spray
on time and get ready in advance. A few or one- un¬
sprayed tree around the house or yard will damage
the whole orchard. j. j. jakway.

Berrian Co., Mich.

into a box with sloping ends, and a loose bottom to
which a strap is attached. When the box is set on the
frame and the bottom pulled out, you have the bushel
all bagged. This machine is 30 inches long and 24
inches in diameter, and octagonal in shape. A smaller
one we made, which was round in shape, did not work
as well. One and one-fourth inch stuff was used for the
ends. A block 6 inches square was put on the outside
of the handle end, in the center. Tobacco lath were
nailed one-half inch apart on five of the sides, and the
door occupies the other. The door is hung with strong
leather hinges, and kept shut with fasteners taken from
berry crates. The handle and axle are made of one-
inch galvanized iron pipe. The axle is fastened to the
barrel of the machine by a big nail which passes through
it and is stapled to the block. The handle and axle
could be made of wood, but the pipe is better. We
use the machine nearly the whole year round. It is
fine for radishes, but, of course, for such tender things
it must be turned slowly. a. c. willard.

R. N.-.Y. — Thorough and careful washing of small
vegetables intended for market is an important matter.
They ought to be clean and yet not bruised. We often
see bunches of radishes, beets, carrots, etc., which are
defaced by rough handling in washing or tied in such

but over and above that, by always taking the most
vigorous, thrifty specimens, you are selecting those
that thrive best under existing local conditions, thereby
developing a strain peculiarly adapted to your immedi-

THE WAR D BLACKBERRY, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 69.

an uneven and slovenly manner as to cut 25 per cent
from their selling value.

A VEGETABLE WASHING MACHINE.

Root crops, like carrots, parsnips or turnips, can
easily be washed clean for market in this barrel-like
contrivance. As is seen in the pictures, Figs. 68 and

MACHINE FOR WASHING VEGETABLES. Fig. 68.

70, it is a very simple affair. Everyone who has vege
tables to wash should have one. It is easy to bag
up the things by using a frame. Nails are driven up
through the top of the frame, and the bags hang on
them. The vegetables are turned out of the machine

LIVE NOTES FOR TRUCKERS.

GOOD SEED. — In any line of truck, there is noth¬
ing more vital to success than the proper selection of
seed. Probably in no one particular is a certain class
of truckers more lax than along this line. 'Too much
cannot be said on the importance of practical, intelli¬
gent home saving of seed. Have a definite object in
view, a definite type, and let your selection of speci¬
mens for seed be made in conformity to this type. For
instance, in saving early tomatoes for seed, where
earliness is the primary object, and crop in a certain
sense secondary (for it is the first half of the crop
that counts in the returns), select the hills which have
a good bunch of hill sets and at the same time give
promise of a large yield. Then save the whole hill.
The individual specimen is not the whole story. The
growing qualities, the cropping propensities, and the
general vitality of the whole plant must be taken into
consideration. A small, weak plant will not produce
good, strong, healthy seed. By this intelligent selection
of seed specimens we not only maintain the standard
of our crop, but are gradually improving it just in
proportion to our carefulness.

SEEDS “RUNNING OUT.”— The fact that strains
of seed deteriorate (become non-productive) is due,
in the majority of cases, to carelessness in the selec¬
tion of seed specimens. By careful home saving of
seed yon not only improve the quality of your product,

VEGETABLE WASHER OPEN. Fig. 70.

ate vicinity; a strain that is much more certain to
thrive than anything brought in from a distance, where
conditions, both as to soil and climate, probably differ
materially from those of your own locality. Just here
is a point not always sufficiently recognized. It is

one of the infallible laws of
nature that all animals and
plants (from the fact of “the
survival of the fittest”) in
the course of time adapt
themselves to the conditions
thrust upon them. I firmly
believe that all this talk of
seed “running out” is a false
idea, or rather an idea fos¬
tered and nourished by the
carelessness practiced in the
saving of seed. With all due
respect to our reliable seed
houses, past experience
teaches that by careful, in¬
telligent, home-saving of seed,
and by no other means, arc
we sure of our results.

SOAKING SEEDS. — A
point well worth emphasizing
at this time of the year, and
one not as generally prac¬
ticed as its merits deserve, is
the soaking of early truck
seeds in warm water before
planting, thus giving them a
start that they are by no
means sure of getting in the
cold ground of Spring. Take,
for instance, the early toma¬
to, and what is true for one
vegetable applies in a gen¬
eral way to all of our truck
crops. Put tomato seed in
water at a temperature of 90
to 100 degrees for 12 hours ;
then pour off the water,
cover with a damp cloth and
set in a warm place, keeping
as near 100 degrees as possi¬
ble, for 12 hours more. Now
plant the seed in the hot¬
bed about the time they be¬
gin to show indications of
sprouting, and you will have, not only a quicker come-
up, but much more certain one. Again, in the case of
cantaloupes, melons and all other cucurbs, the same
facts hold true, and the advantage is equal ; but an¬
other advantage may be gained by mixing sprouted seed
with dry seed, quart for quart, thereby securing prac¬
tically two plantings at one operation. Thus if weather
conditions prevail advantageous to sprouted seed, well
and good; if, on the other hand, for any reason your
sprouted seed is destroyed, you still have another
chance from your dry ones.

SOUTH SIDE OF RIDGE.— Another point, ap¬
parently small and of little importance, yet on further
thought of great practical value to early truckers, is
the simple act of planting on the south side of a ridge.
Take the cantaloupe, for instance. Run the ridges east
and west ; then make an opening on the south side
of the row, being careful not to break the crest of the
ridge, and plant the seed down the southern slope. Be
sure to leave the surface of the hill sloping, thus af¬
fording drainage for excessive rainfall. The ridge,
extending up over and above the young plants, breaks
off the cold north winds, but, more than that, the sun’s
rays strike the southern slope of this ridge more nearly
perpendicularly than they would a level surface on top
of the row, thereby obtaining much more heat. I have
seen plants at the bottom of the ridge uninjured when
those near the top have been totally killed by frost.
This protected surface seems to retain a great quantity
of heat. This idea can be practiced to advantage in
growing early cucurbs, boiling corn or any crop that
will admit of being planted down at the bottom of

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4,

1 64

the ridge. These points, many of them small irt
themselves, collectively figure more conspicuously in
the final results than might be supposed at first thought..

SPRAYING VINES.— In the fruit world probably
no other question is receiving as much attention at the
present time as that of spraying. Likewise in the
vegetable kingdom I believe there is nothing of greater
importance. The one difference is that the science of
fruit spraying is about a decade in advance of that of
vegetable spraying, let, nevertheless, the time has ap-

NASTURTIUMS ON A ROCK. FlO. 71.

parently come when if we wish our plants to live
tnrough their whole natural life, we must spray. Spray¬
ing has assumed almost the proportions of a fad, but a
fad, 1 am sorry to say, created by hard necessity. The
spraying of white potatoes with Bordeaux Mixture, as
a prevention of the various blights, has been liberally
treated this past Winter, and there seems to be no>
question of the beneficial results gained therefrom. But
it is in connection with the spraying of vine truck that
I wish to speak. This line of truck, melons, canta¬
loupes, cucumbers, etc., has probably suffered more
disastrously than any other. The pickle and cantaloupe
crops have been almost wiped out in some localities by
the fungus troubles, bo complete has been the devas¬
tation that many sections, once noted for this line of
truck, have abandoned the business. Yet in spite of the
apparent hopelessness of the situation, our experience
the past season with Bordeaux Mixture has convinced
us that there is a possibility of completely controlling
the various fungus diseases to which the cucurbs are
subject. Bordeaux — four parts of copper sulphate to-
six parts of lime, if applied thoroughly and kept con¬
tinuously on the vines, seemed to keep them in a vig¬
orous condition until practically all of the fruit was.
matured. The one essential point in this work is thor¬
oughness. The good derived will be just in propor¬
tion to the care and thoroughness exercised.

SPRAYING BEANS. — During the past season much
amateur experimenting was done with Bordeaux Mix¬
ture on various crops for various diseases. Very
marked benefit was derived on string and Lima beans.
The rusty condition of the vines, so prevalent, was
materially improved, and much better crops obtained.
The tomato blight also yielded to this treatment, but
here again a thorough job is necessary. A machine
with sufficient power to force the liquid down in and
among the vines is of vital importance if we hope for
best results. J- barton.

New Jersey.

WHEN AND HOW TO CUT SCIONS.

When and how should scions be cut for grafting apple
trees, and how keep them after cutting till they are used?
I have 10 large trees of that absolutely worthless apple
(except for hog feed) known as Ben Davis, and I want to
graft them to something good to eat, as there is no market
here for apples, at a price that will pay for picking ana
drawing. In my own and my neighbors’ orchards are plenty
of good kinds, 'and I have seen grafting done, so I think
I can do It. K- H-

Stanton, Mich.

Apple scions are best cut in Autumn or early Win¬
ter, before hard freezing, but may be cut any time
after the leaves fall, and before the buds swell in
Spring. The best scions are made from one or two-
year-old wood of thrifty bearing trees of the varieties
desired. The selected wood should be smooth, bright
and average about the thickness of an ordinary lead
pencil. Do not use water sprouts if they can be
avoided, as they are usually long in bearing, but well-
ripened shoots from the upper portions of the trees.
They may be cut in lengths of eight to 10 inches, prop¬
erly labeled and buried in the soil • on the north or
shaded side of a building until wanted, covering the
soil with a board to keep out excessive wet. They may
also be packed in damp, not wet, moss or sawdust and
kept in a cool building or icehouse to retard the buds;
in short they must be kept cool and prevented from
drying out until the stocks are ready to graft. Prob¬

ably the best time to graft the apple is when the leaf
buds are beginning to open, provided the scions are
quite dormant. _

THE GARDEN AND THE HEN.

PART I.— THE COMPLAINT.

I received the pamphlet, “The Business Hen,” and
thank you. Looking at that title, “The Business Hen,”
the only thing that came to my mind for quite a spell
was the business hen and floriculture, floriculture and
the business hen ! I have a neighbor, a very estimable
young lady, and she’s got hens; I think “business hens,”
but I can’t say what they are at home. I only know
that when they pay my plantation an occasional visit,
they generally get right down to business, inspecting
my business, and the first business of yours truly, on
such occasions, is to let out a few assorted strong
words. Now, instead of sending to a sedate follower
of the goddess Flora such a pamphlet, you would
kindly at some time compose a composition entitled,
“How to get rid of your neighbors’ business hens,” a
good many of our class, would rise up and call you
blessed. Do you think the following recipe: Nux
vomica, three drachms; arsenious acid, two drachms;
corn ad libitum mix, and a post mortem rescript, dc
mortuis nil nisi bonum, would do the business?

C. A. B.

PART II.— THE REMEDY.

The book attempts to induce the business hen to
mind her own business by telling how to build a
comfortable house and yard, and how to feed a hen.
We doubt if this case will yield to prose treatment, and
so we suggest the following. How this remedy will
work when the lady owns the hens we cannot say.

“PLEASE KEEP YOUR HENS AT HOME.”

A maiden lady owned a piece of ground,

And morn and even in Summer she was found
Within her garden. But her neighbor kept
A dock of liens, and while she worked or slept.

With busy feet they dug her finest seed.

In vain she chased them at her utmost speed.

And "shooed" and stoned them, quite undignified.

The while her neighbor laughed until lie cried.

But women who can foil the wiles of men,

Will not be daunted by a Leghorn hen.

The hand that rocks the cradle, still can block
Man’s ridicule, and give his nerves a shock.

Our lady cried a bit — as was her right —

Then took some cards and on each one did write :
"Please keep your hens at home !” — A seed of corn
She strung to each. With early break of dawn
Back came the liens; they gobbled grain and string,

Then back for home they started on the wing.

From every mouth they dragged t lie lady’s card.

"Plea sc keep:” lie scratched his head his heart was hard,
But shame cut through it like a knife, and hence
Ilis hens no more flew o’er the lady's fence.

PART III.— THE SEQUEL.

Please accept ray very best thanks for your kind re¬
ply. You see the word “hen” acts on me like a red
rag does on a bull, and seeing that title 1 could not
resist the temptation to give vent in black and
white to a few subdued feelings. I’m not a Spring
chicken, not by any means, and my trials and tribula¬
tions with hens have been pretty severe. Even my
own mother in her lifetime tested my serenity severely
by trying to keep a hundred hens on a place fit only for
25, and without adequate fencing, to the ruination of
my pocketbook and temper. In the case just at hand
there might have been still another solution of the
hen question. That is, I to propose and marry the
lady, then leaving the question of the hen “To be or
not to be” to fate. Alas, she is already married ! At
the same time I handed my letter and your kind reply
to her for inspection, and with excellent result. There
will be a decent house this Spring (she’s got your
“Business Hen”) and also plenty of wire fencing, and
ditto a garden, and there’s where I’ve got her. The
love of flowers will be cultivated to the utmost extent,
and therefore, again, my very best thanks to you.

_ C. B. D.

TWO METHODS OF TREE PLANTING.

How Hilchings Plants Apple Trees.

I have been much interested in reading in the December
21, 1904, number what O. M. Taylor lias to say of the
"mulch method in apple culture,” and the account of start¬
ing an orchard among the stumps, and would like to hear
a little more fully as to what he does after getting off and
burning the brush, especially the method of setting the trees,
how deep a hole he digs, how he prepares it, how large in
diameter the hole would be, and what tue future care of the
earth immediately around these trees would be? ''hat
amount of fertilizer each year? E-

Lawrence, Mass.

My plan of planting out the apple trees on the tract
of ground newly cleared of woods this W inter is as
follows : The rows of trees will be lined out one
way 33 feet apart. The distance apart in the rows will
vary between 20 and 30 feet, aiming to plant 25 feet
apart, but varying if necessary five feet either way,
in order to select a better location for the tree. The
holes will be dug two feet in diameter, and a trifle
over one foot in depth. After placing some surface
soil in bottom of hole the roots of the tree will be
pruned close enough so that the tree when planted will
stand one inch deeper than it stood in the nursery.
The trees will then be mulched with the forest leaves

right at hand, with a little soil thrown on top to keep
leaves from blowing off. No further fertilizing or
mulching will be given them. The ground will be
seeded early in Spring without cultivating with a
mixture of two-fifths clover, two-fifths Kentucky Blue
grass, one-fifth Timothy seed, using about eight pounds
clover, eight pounds Blue grass and four pounds Tim¬
othy per acre. In July the weeds and brush will be
cut and left on ground. The following Winter stumps
that are partly decayed will be removed, the others
as they decay. Here we have the best soil conditions ;
that is, soil well filled with decaying vegetable matter.
I expect to maintain this soil condition by allowing the
grass that grows in this orchard to decay on its sur¬
face soil. The wood cut from this tract of ground
will sell for more than enough to pay for the apple
trees and their care until they come into bearing.

GRANT G. HITCIIINGS.

How Mr. Bell Plants Pear Trees.

One of your readers in western New York intends
to set out a pear orchard in the Spring, and you ask
me to give my experience in setting out trees, and
methods which I would recommend. In the first place,
the ground should be thoroughly worked the year
previous to planting, so that it will be as near as possi¬
ble its natural grade. This is necessary in order that
the trees may be set at a uniform and regular depth.
The hole for the tree should be sufficiently large so
that the roots can all be spread out, and if a little
larger, so much the better. I usually dig the hole 2j4
to three feet across, and deep enough so that the
collar of the standard tree will be on a grade, and
the dwarf two inches below the natural level of the
ground. By using a straight edge (a lath answers the
purpose), the proper depth for the trees can easily be
gauged. The distance between the trees depends on
the variety. Fifteen by 20 feet is sufficient for Bart-
letts. Kieffer, Anjou, Seckel, and Lawrence should be
set 20 x 25. Before the tree is set all surplus and
damaged roots should be removed. The top should be
headed back at least as much as the roots, and if it is
trimmed more, it will do no harm. I cut back to two
or three buds, for the reason that the remaining buds
will push out and make a stronger growth than if a
larger number were left. Three-year-old trees have
proved entirely satisfactory to me.

The after care of the orchard is of much importance
in obtaining satisfactory results. I would advise an¬
nual trimming of the trees; that is, to thin out and head
back annually. This should be done in the dormant
season, from November 15 to March 1, but should not
be done when the wood is frosted, for the wood at the
cut is then liable to check and not to heal over. The
trees, when trimmed as stated above, will not come
into bearing as early as if they were left without trim¬
ming. But the owner can well afford to wait a few
years longer, for in after years his orchard will be
more profitable. The orchard should be kept in thor¬
ough cultivation during the growing season, until the
first of August. Then a cover crop of some kind, to
protect the ground during the Fall and Winter, will
very much benefit the trees. I use the common Medium
clover, which has proved the most satisfactory to me.

Why set out Kieffer, which is of very inferior quality,
when there are so many good varieties to grow? The
consumers are always looking for better fruit, and will

A HOMEMAKERS’ MELON CUT. Fig. 72.

not be satisfied unless they can get it. Our aim should
be to grow fruit of better quality than you can get in
the Kieffer pear. Besides, it does not mature at its
best in western New York. I would advise the setting
of Beurre Bose or Winter Nelis, for when well grown
they always command a fancy price. Quality and not
quantity should be our aim. david k. bell.

Monroe Co., N. Y.

HARDY GRAPES

8 VINES FOR 50 CTS.

SMALL FRUITS

42 PLANTS FOR $2.25.

FRUIT TREES

20 FOR $2.50.

This Is the finest collection of Choice
Hardy Grapes ever offered. Vines are all
strong, dormant, one-year-old field grown,
having strong roots. At local nursery
would cost you from $1.25 to $2.00. We
guarantee them to please you.

Our Catalogue .containing I64 pages, fully illus
crated, describes the above, and hundreds of other va¬
rieties of Seeds, Plants , dec. WRITE FOR IT.

A collection admirably adapted to gar¬
dens of limited area; even a city lot wijl
(furnish sufficient room to plant them.
These varieties are the choicest in thefr
class. At local nursery prices would cost
from $3.50 to $4.00. '

Our Catalogue milt give names and full descrip .
lions of the above, and all kinds of Seeds, Plants ,l
Bulbs^&c. FREE ON APPLICATION.

This collection contains 6 Apples, 3 Pears,
5 Peaches, 3 Plums, 3 Cherries. Every va¬
riety a "gem” in its class. The trees are
3 to 4 feet high, % to % inches in diameter,
thrifty and fine. Cannot be duplicated in
local nurseries for less than $4.00 to $5.00.

Our Catalogue gives full description of the varie¬
ties, also of everything in Vegetable anti Flower seeds.

fd . * aq d Ai*
'hnisOWAlkPt*.

Plants , &c. SENT F R.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

i65

HOW TO PRUNE KIEFFER PEARS.

IIow high from the ground should I head Kieffer pear
trees, and how trim them after they are set in orchard?
Should they lie cut back at all after they have started to
grow? I find in cutting them back the limbs when cut send
out two to four branches, which are very switchy, and cause
the head of t lie tree to be too thick. When should Kieffer
pears he picked in northern part of Virginia. m. M. o.

Oranda, Va.

I would prefer a two-year-old Kieffer pear tree to
any other size. Three feet from the ground is plenty
high enough to start the head; cut all branches back
to six or eight inches when planting; leave the center
branch to grow as a leader, but cut it well back. Each
year cut back the former year’s growth from one-
half to two-thirds, according to the rankness of the
growth. In pruning back the limbs, be sure to cut
so as to leave the last bud on outside of the branch, and
thus throw the new growth outward and spread the

SPRAY BARREL ON STONE BOAT. Fig. 73.

See page 162.

tree. Keep the tree conical in shape, like a pineapple,
and well thinned out to allow circulation of air. This
system of pruning will defer the bearing somewhat,
but nothing is lost by this; for as the tree becomes
more matured and the vitality greater, the limbs will
be stocky, and strong enough to hold up the fruit ; and
the fruit will be better in size and quality. I believe
this style of pruning will also produce a much larger
amount of fruit with red cheeks, which is so attractive
to the Kieffer pear. Do not prune off the spurs and
short twigs which grow on the main limbs near the
trunk, as these will produce the first fruit. After the
trees begin to bear they will not make such a rampant
growth, and will not need quite so sharp pruning back
as in early growth of the tree.

I cannot give the proper time to pick the fruit when
grown in Virginia. It must be remembered that the
Kieffer pear grows rapidly late in the Fall ; but when

they get large enough, and occasionally one can be
found turning a little yellow, it is about time to gather
them. Some prefer to pick over them two or more
times; this is probably the proper thing to do when
plenty of help can be obtained, but is rather too much
work when a large crop has to be harvested. In con¬
clusion I would advise thinning the fruit if the best
results are wished for, when trees set a heavy crop;
this means a good deal of work, but will pay well if
properly done. _ w. h. skillman.

SOME SAN JOSE SCALE NOTES.

Several orchards in western New York were treated
under my direction, or by me personally, during the
Spring of 1904. The formula calling for 20 pounds
stone lime, 17 pounds sulphur, 10 pounds salt, was
used, as recommended by the New York State Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, and in every instance the appli¬
cation was successful in reducing the number of living
scale to such a small amount that it was almost im¬
possible to find live scale during the Summer season.
When peach trees were treated with this wash and
the work well done, it was found to be as effective a
remedy for curl-leaf as Bordeaux Mixture, and also
very slightly effective against pear and apple scab, but
was a very good remedy for bud-moth and the case¬
bearing insects. No case has been observed by me in
western New York, in which an old commercial apple
orchard, badly infested with San Jose scale, has been
successfully treated. I believe that the first cost of
treating trees of that kind will range from 40 cents
to $1 per tree. A better lime-sulplnir-salt mixture can
be made with steam than kettle boiling, but it can be
successfully and cheaply made in concentrated form
in large kettles and diluted with cold water. Previ¬
ously it has been recommended to dilute only with
hot water, but we can find no difference in the ulti¬
mate results between cold and hot water dilution, and
the same results have been attained by the experiment
stations of this and other States. We know of no bet¬
ter remedy than the lime-sulphur-salt wash, and all
the smaller growing fruit trees can be successfully
treated with it.

The old apple orchards are a tough proposition, and
it is quite possible that they cannot be economically
treated in a commercial way. I believe that it is only
a question of time before this pest will be general
throughout the tree-fruit growing regions of the United
States, and that the old orchards in many instances
will go down before it, and also believe that the com¬
mercial apple orchards of the future will be low-headed,
pruned and trained to a dwarfish habit, so that they
may be easily treated for this and similar pests. Spray¬
ing with lime-sulphur-salt is but little more disagree¬
able than applying Bordeaux Mixture, and after one
gets used to making it the operation goes along very
smoothly. We should always emphasize these two
points regarding this wash. It must be well boiled,

also carefully and thorou-ghly applied. Many failures
can be attributed to carelessness regarding one or the
other of these two essentials. 1 believe that F. S.
Hall, Niagara County, page 53, would have attained
results equal to or better than the crude oil if he had
used a straight boiled wash, for on the whole they have
been more satisfactory than the caustic soda as chemi¬
cally boiled washes.

1 have not found whale-oil soap very effective unless
applied at the strength of V/2 to two pounds per gallon
of water, and then much bud injury may result. One
pound to gallon with two applications in the Spring

■}i: .

A YOUNG FARMER AT WORK. Fig. 74.

before the buds open might be effective, but is too
costly for commercial work.

I would not apply any of the oil sprays in Fall, but
know of two large pear orchards that have been suc¬
cessfully treated the past three seasons with crude oil
20 per cent applied with mechanical mixing pumps,
application made just before the buds burst or show
green. In both cases the scale has been held in
check, so that there has been practically no scale spot¬
ting of the fruit, and the trees look as healthy to-day
as when treatment commenced. I am inclined to dis¬
courage the large cluster of nozzles and many leads
of hose. sometimes recommended for this work. I know
that with such an outfit the mixture is pumped out
rapidly, and space must be covered so fast that the
work is not done as carefully as it ought, and results
are unsatisfactory. Two nozzles under high pressure
are plenty for one lead of hose, and if spraying
small trees I should want but one. If a dozen rules
should be laid down for fighting this pest, 10 of them
should be thoroughness in applying the insecticide.

B. D. VAN BUREN.

Columbia Co., Feb. 20, 190!i.

“I have been planting trees as you know
for many years. It may be a satisfaction
to you to know that I have received from
no one (and I have been very particular)
better trees' than you have always sent
me.” EDW’D VAN ALSTYNE.

Addison Co., Vt., Feb. 13, 1905.

“ Myself and neighbors have been plant¬
ing your trees for years, using several
thousand. The stock has always arrived
in excellent condition and was of tine ap¬
pearance. So far as I know, every tree has
proven true to name.” J. McL. STEVENS.

Kennebec Co., Mo.,

February 14, 1905.

" About twenty years ago I began buying trees
from you and nave bought more or less nearly
every year since. You have never disappointed
me in variety.”

T. G. JENNINGS.

Orleans Cc., N. Y., Feb. 11, 1905.

“ The thousand Quinces bought of you
are growing beautifully. All your stock
has proven satisfactory.

H. L. BROWN.

Dutchess Co., N. Y„ Feb. 10, 1905.

‘‘ Whatever you wish to say about the
thirty-five (35) acre apple orchard you
sold me will be true. Thrifty, promising
and every tree true to name.

WM. Ii. HART

It is with justifiable pride that we introduce (by permission) a FEW faces of the
many COMMERCIAL PLANTERS whom we deal with. Our pamphlet on transplanting
directions will show you SEVERAL SCORES located in different States. Send for it.

Proof Positive, as to the Value of our Trees and the Truthfulness of Varieties

From New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Maine and Mieliigan comes the same approval
from large commercial orcliardists of the value of our trees. We could fill this page with similar
endorsements from these and other States.

Is the above any GUARANTEE of SECURITY to you? Does it signify anything?

It is an easy matter for anyone in the business to give endorsements covering recent shipments. These
indorsements cover a period of years of ACTUAL FRUITING. This is the only TRUE TEST.

Will be glad to give the full address of any of these planters, with hundreds of others on application.

Our Free Catalog will give you some values in apple, pear, plum, and ornamental trees, grape
vines and small fruits that it will be difficult to duplicate, QUALITY CONSIDERED.

SOME VALUES

PEACH TREES, $25, $40, $60, per 1,000. Learn about our two new varieties, HUDSON and DR. CUM¬
MINGS, two of the most valuable early October varieties. These are certainly money makers.

HEAVY APPLES, two and three years old, 6 to 7 feet, at ASTONISHINGLY LOW PRICES.

JAPAN PLUMS, splendid, young, well rooted trees, $3.00 per 100. Read what one of our customers
says about the light grade of plums sent him

“ The 100 one year light plums, bought of you in April ’99, have grown from 24 to 30 inches during the
past dry summer, and in one more season they will be larger than the strong two year trees planted in
spring of ’98. No more heavy trees for me.” JOHN JEANNIN, Rens. Co., N. Y.

A large stock of these varieties of Plums in Heavy Grades also.

(ret our WHOLESALE SURPLUS LIST. Currants, Raspberries, Blackberries anil New

ig-

deliver you,

BLACKBERRY— MERSEREAU, decidedly the most PROFITABLE VARIETY ever offered In
quality and productiveness it cannot be equalled. See Cornell Bulletin No. 99, also Bulletins issued by
Geneva, N. Y., Experimental Station.

I he amount of N l' It S U K\ STOCK ^seeking an^ outlet this Spring is very great on account of the

<‘f this

SATIS¬

FACTION.

COMMERCIAL PLANTERS

The above endorsements would indicate that we cater to the Commercial Planter. We do supply a
great many large Planters but we beg to assure you that we pack and ship a great many small orders. Your
order for a dozen trees will be as carefully handled as though it were for a thousand. Send us your order
whether small or large. Many of our larger buyers now, are those who first began ordering in a small way.

FUMIGATION

VARIETIES

Abundance, Burbank, Satsuma, Red June, Wickson, Sultan, Climax, and October
Purple.

Please note that the above include the New Varieties, all described in catalog.

/-\ 5lr°r'k carefully and scientifically fumigated with hydrocyanic acid gas, unless otherwise instructed.

Our Mit.W ii.ky was one of the three men who first voluntarily began the fumigation of nursery stock for
Orcliardists. No commercial Planter of intelligence to-day will plant trees unless they have been fumigated.

When writing for catalog, if you will ask tor them, a 12-page treatise on Peach Culture and a pamphlet
on the destruction of insect pests, together with spray formulas will be sent with catalog. They will not be
included unless asked for.

Onondaga, Co. N. Y.,
Feb. 10, 1905.

“I continue to order trees
from you simply because
those already planted have
proven just as represented.
The order of six thousand
five hundred (0,500) was
promptly handled. Add the
following to my previous
order already booked.”

GRANT HITOHINGS.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

Feb. 18, 1905.

"I began planting your
trees twenty years ago.
Have always received No. 1
stock and satisfactory in all
respects, or I should not
have continued to plant it.
One chief feature is your
trees always fruit true to
label. I now have 20 acres
apple, 14 of peaches, 15 of
pears, 8 of plums, and 4 of
quinces.”

F. D. GARDNER.

Sussex Co., N. J.,

Feb. 10, 1905.

‘‘We have set a good many
thousands of your peach
trees. We find them healthy
and vigorous. In fact the
best trees we ever planted.”

DANIEL BAILEY.

Shiawassee Co., Mich.,
Feb. 9, 1905.
“The trees, in my twelve
(12) acre orchard, which you
sold me are in all respects
just as represented.”

C. B. COOK.

■p Box 122, Cayuga, 3ST. Y,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 4,

1 66

PROPAGATING PLANTS.

How to Treat Hardy Hydrangea.

P. G.j Hudson, Mich. — IIow can I propa¬
gate hardy Hydrangea?

Ans. — The hardy Hydrangea is propa¬
gated from cuttings of new wood dur¬
ing early August. They are cut to two
joints or eyes, the lower leaves trimmed
off, and the upper leaves shortened to
about one-half; then deeply planted in
pure, moist sand under glass. They root
freely in about three weeks, and are then
potted off, placing about six rooted cut¬
tings around the rim of a six-inch pot.
They may then be either kept under glass
or placed outside in a frame and carefully
weeded and watered until frost, when the
plants are turned out, planted in frames
over Winter, and thickly covered to pre¬
vent heaving from frost. They can be
propagated in the usual household way
like oleanders, by placing cuttings five or
six inches long in bottles or pots of moist
earth and water, and keeping them in
shady places until rooted. The after treat¬
ment is the same as above ; that is, they
should be wintered over in frames where
some protection from hard freezing can be
afforded, and planted out in the garden
in the Spring.

About Hybridizing Potatoes.

O. F. M. C., Paris, Ark. — How can I hy¬
bridize t lie Irish potato? Give the best
three early and the best three late varieties
for this purpose. What two varieties are
generally the heaviest yielders, and what two
varieties make the largest tubers? Would
the seedling be more apt to be an improve¬
ment ? Should varieties used he early, or
should one be later than the other? What
variety makes the largest number of tubers?

Ans. — Hybridizing potatoes is a diffi¬
cult operation, as cultivated potato va¬
rieties yield very little pollen. It is very
doubtful if anyone has ever made a true
artificial hybrid between potato varieties
except where pollen has been secured
from plants grown under glass. Most, if
not all, of the new kinds that are brought
out are simply grown from seeds of the
best obtainable varieties, and are either
self-pollenized or the crossing is effected
in the field by insects. About the only
way to hybridize potatoes in the field is
to gather clusters of the flowers from the
variety from which you wish to secure the
pollen, put them in a glass with water in
a bright sunny window and keep secure
from insects. After exposure for several
hours shake the flowers over a sheet of
dark paper, and possibly you may be able
to get out a little pollen. This should
be transferred with the finger tip or a fine
brush to the stigmas of the flowers of the
variety from which you wish to produce
seed. The flowers should be prepared be¬
fore they open by cutting away the petals
and anthers with a sharp knife or scissors
so that they cannot pollenize themselves,
and covered with fine netting until ready
to apply the pollen from the other varie¬
ties. This process is easy enough with
other flowers, but particularly difficult
with potatoes, yet it may carefully be
done. The best variety of potatoes for
any given purpose is a mere matter of
opinion. In this locality the best early
varieties are Early Ohio, Irish Cobbler
and Vermont Gold Coin. The three late
kinds most preferred are Carman, Rural
New Yorker, No. 2, and Green Mountain.
In other localities the varieties differ wide¬
ly. The Rural New Yorker No. 2 and
Autumn Giant grow the largest tubers of
any varieties we know. We cannot say
what variety produces the most tubers, as
this is a characteristic not encouraged by
good cultivators. I f you want to grow
seedling potatoes possibly the best way
would be to plant a number of selected va¬
rieties, a hill or two of each, very close
together, and save the seed from any balls
that may be produced in this way. You
stand the chance of getting some natu¬
rally hybridized seed and may raise some
good varieties.

How to Propagate California Privet.

A. W., Coeymans, 37. Y. — Can California
privet be propagated, and if so how can it
be done?

Ans. — California privet is very readily
propagated from cuttings of either ripe or

green wood. We have often given direc¬
tions in The R. N.-Y. The easier method
is to clip the young or new growth some
time in midwinter, after most of the
leaves have fallen and cut the young
branches, from a size of a wheat straw
to that of a lead pencil, in pieces eight
inches long. These pieces are tied to¬
gether in bundles of 100 or more, tops all
one way, and buried outside in loose soil
or sand, butts upward, and covered with
two or tnree inches of loose soil or sand.
When the ground is ready to work in the
Spring, the cuttings are generally found
well callused, and may be planted out in
rows three feet apart, setting them two or
three inches apart in the row, and deep
enough so that only one or two buds ap¬
pear above the surface. The soil should
be well firmed or tramped about the cut¬
tings after planting, and the space between
rows thoroughly cultivated throughout the
Summer. Under this treatment from GO
to 90 per cent of the cuttings usually grow
and make good plants. It is usual to grow
the plants two years in the row before
using them for hedges.

Crowing Gladiolus from Seed.

F. If., Washington, I). C. — Give the pro¬
cess of propagating the Gladiolus, from seed;
and from the small bulblets or corms which
form on the older bulbs or corms. Should
these small corms be left on the older bulbs
when planting next year? Or should they be
detached therefrom and planted separately —
the object being to increase the plants rather
than to grow flowers?

Ans. — The seeds are best sown in early
Spring in pots or boxes, containing six
inches of light, rich soil, provided with
good drainage, so that water will not
stagnate. The seeds should be thickly
sown, well watered and kept in a temper¬
ature of about 65 degrees. They will ger¬
minate in about three or four weeks when
the weather is warm, and the pots or
boxes may be put in a partially shaded
place in the garden, well watered and
carefully weeded throughout the growing
season. When the tops die down the small
bulblets, which should be about as large
as peas, may be sifted out, well dried and
kept over Winter in dry sand. The small
bulblets that form at the base of the large
corms should be separated after the corms
are harvested in the Fall, dried out and
packed like the bulblets grown from seed
in dry sand, and kept in a place free from
frost during the Winter. When the
ground is ready to work in the Spring
they should be sown thickly like garden
peas in drills about 20 inches apart, cover¬
ing them about three inches deep. The
small bulbs grown from seed the previous
year should be planted in the same way.
They like rather dry, rich soil, but do not
need fresh manure, as it often causes de¬
cay. They^should be carefully weeded and
hoed during the growing season ; in the
Fall when taken up many should be
blooming size. They should average from
the size of a hickorynut to that of a Black
walnut. When planted out the third year
they may be placed singly, two inches
apart, in rows 24 inches apart, and grown
like older bulbs. The bulblets should al¬
ways be planted separately, and on no ac¬
count placed in with the large, corms.

CULTURE OF DEWBERRIES.

What do t think of the fruit (dew¬
berries) ? They are very much superior
to the blackberry, and bring better prices,
because they are a better uerrv all around;
higher flavor, larger in size and smaller
seed. I like them because they come to
maturity before the blackberry is in mar¬
ket, and stand the dry weather better
than the blackberry. How do I grow
them ? I plant in rows seven feet apart
and three feet in the rows. Mulch in
the late Fall with straw, and in the
Spring uncover them and take out the
old wood and prune back the new to
about three feet. I do not do any Sum¬
mer pruning; when I uncover and
prune in the Spring I put the straw under
the canes, which keeps the berries clean
and the soil moist, and saves some culti¬
vation. I was led into the growing of
dewberries because of the uncertainty and
in dry seasons poor quality of blackber¬
ries. . _ W. HAMMOND.

Illinois.

- BURPEE’S==

“Fordhook Finest” Lawn Grass

At St. Louis World’s Fair

The Only Gold Medal for Lawn

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lawns were produced was exactly the same “ prescription ” and quality as supplied
regularly to our trade. If you would have THE BEST LAWN it is possible
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(or letters from the winners) of the first prize exhibits at the 1904 State Fairs of
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A Grand Prize for Vegetables at St. Louis was
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while it is sufficient to address simply

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W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

Seed Orowers and Proprietors of the World's Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 67

NOTES ON TREE FRUIT IN ILLINOIS.

I give here a few notes on fruits for the
year 1904. The Spring was abnormally cold,
and most fruits were nearly a week later
than usual in putting forth foliage and bloom.
This year's record of dates of bloom contirms
that of former years in most cases, and I
now think it safe to say that there are nearly
two weeks difference between the flush of
inflorescence of the earlier blooming kinds
and that of the latest. For instance, Long-
field, Stanard, Sweet Russet, etc., are given
the date of May 6, Ralls, its child, Wythe,
and Neverbloom at May 16; while Calville
Rouge Precoce and Broadleaf Hereford — the
latter an English “bitter sweet” — are still
a couple of days later coming into full bloom.
Only about half this difference appears in
pears, while with plums we may date such
varieties as Berckmans and the Japan type at
May 1, and the very late Golden Beauty at
May 9. The variation in cherries may take
on even a still smaller range. It is evident
that an exceptionally warm spell in late
April, followed by two or three weeks of
cold, may extend the blooming period, and
vice versa. In some varieties the bloom, if
the weather is warm, comes out suddenly and
evenly, hastens to the end, and is gone. Other
kinds seem constitutionally disposed to bloom
first on the older wood below, and later on
to push from the most vigorous wood of
the previous season's growth : buds that evi¬
dently formed much later in the Summer than
the first. It also seems that the bloom in
an old orchard is a day or two earlier than
that of one just coming into bearing, but
this may be in part because of the better
cultivation usually given the latter. Yet as
a rule I would say. the more vigorous the
growth of a variety in late Summer the more
chance for adventitious fruit buds.

Among all the varieties that have been
lately introduced with flying banners, per¬
haps none is more unworthy, in a locality
where blight prevails, than Bismarck. I
received this variety • 11 years ago from
England, although its origin is said to be
Australia or New Zealand. I have propagated
it two or three times to save the variety, and
have never seen a blossom pass the blighting
season without withering, nor have I seen
a tree in which half of the new growth and
part of the old did not perish from blight
each year. This is a bad record. Several
years ago a new (?) variety, called the Dela¬
ware Red Winter, came to us from the East.
As mine proved to be the showy but worth¬
less old Lawyer, and as others report in the
same way, I wish to ask if anyone has had
a different experience. This is pertinent, for
I notice that it is still claimed to be a new
and superior variety. Paynes Keeper — 'a
western apple — has not yet fruited here, but
I have had samples of the fruit, and I should
think it quite promising as a sweet Winter
apple. It. is above medium in size, fine red
in color, regular in shape, fair in quality,
and evidently keeps well — February or later.

Among the most productive apples I have
seen is Lord Grosvenor, a large English cook¬
ing anple. But there is some blight, and it
should be worked on some stock to increase
vigor in growth if possible, or at least the
fruit should be thinned to prevent detriment
to the tree. The fruit is large and ribbed,
the color is greenish, and the acid is quite
sharp. It is only for cooking, and may be
used all through August, as it keeps well for
an early apple. Transparent Zoar (de¬
scribed by Downing) is not a variety that is
much planted, and it fruited here this year
bountifully on a young, healthy, vigorous,
shapely tree, for the first time. The fruit is
rather large, quite smooth, in color a clear
yellowish white, slightly blushed with scar¬
let — a beautiful apple. The flesh is fine, ten¬
der and juicy, with a rather rich subacid and
“very good” flavor. The season is October
here! Dudley, or Late Duchess, will probably
be among the best market cooking apples for
September. It is even a little larger and
showier than the popular Oldenburg, but at.
its season (September) there are more vari¬
eties to fill the cooking apple demand than
at the time when Oldenburg matures. It is
rather free from blight here so far.

Among the crabs — ornamental and cider
— that have lately been introduced from
France by the Department at Washington, is
a curious little ornamental one — the Cceru-
lescens. It fruits in clusters, has a very
long stem, and bears profusely. The fruit
is of the size of a large cranberry, oblong,
cylindrical, ribbed, flattened at ends. In color
it is a deep red with small distinct light
specks. The flesh is deep yellow, tough, me¬
dium. juicy, piquant, to some astringent, with
something like a thorn-apple flavor. Of course
it is an ornamental crab, but possible there
may be some use for it in pickles, preserves,
or jellies. September seems its season. A
larger crab from same source as above is
Atropurpurea ; just as showy, and both are
worthy of a place on the lawn, at least. But
little blight so far.

Clark, probably the Clark’s Prolific of
Downing’s Second Appendix, seems about the
best in quality of any apple (new to me)
that I have tasted during the past season.
The tree is vigorous, but there is some blight.
The fruit is of medium size and smooth. In
color it- is yellowish, with a scarlet blush.
Flesh very white, silky, fine, juicy and very
tender; slightly grainy near core. Flavor,
spicy, rich, delicate, mild subacid. T see no
reason why it should not be added to the
short list of “best” apples. Season, middle
November. Whinery Red promises to be a
good late Winter market apple. The tree is
low and spreading, and shows but little
blight. In quality the fruit is only medium,
but the anple is of good size, showy, and
keeps until Spring; it also promises to be
productive.

Notes on Persimmons.

Glenwood. from Tennessee, is the largest
seedless persimmon I have found, but
it lacks in quality : not astringent, but
lacking in richness and juice, or rather pasty.
It is of block.v shape and fully as large as
Early Golden. In season it is late or about
December. Fairy, from same source, is much
better in quality, but entirely too small. It
is also seedless. Little’s Ruby, from Indiana,
is under some conditions the best in quality
of any I have fruited. Its season is Novem¬
ber. and it is quite productive. The fruit is
of about medium size ; oblate in shape, with
an under color of orange yellow blushed with
a nice red. The texture is soft but not
mushy. Seldom may a persimmon be de¬
scribed as “juicy” ; this is an exception. It
is also spicy and has a very agreeable high
flavor at its best. But, alas, too often there

is an after pucker that is difficult to elimi¬
nate .

Stout, from Indiana, belongs to the same
class as Little’s Ruby; that is, it has an
orang^ red pulp and the same (but less pro¬
nounced) flavor, which is fully as distinct
as the Labrusca and Post Oak flavor in
grapes. It is large, showy and productive.
Saxe, from former I’omologist Heiges, is the
largest I have seen of this class, and it is
probably the most valuable. It has not yet
fruited here. Perfection, from Missouri, is
not worth naming, and should never have
been sent out unless it is far better in other
localities than here. Theodore, from New
Harmony, Iud., is quite promising, but it has
the fault of parting from the hull when fully
ripe, and this is against it as a market per¬
simmon. It is large, slightly oblate, well
rounded, and even. In color it is a watery
yet nice yellow, with a gray bloom. The
flesh is rather soft, not fibrous, and has an
excellent flavor. Season about the middle of
November.

A Few New Grapes.

Ten years ago I received cuttings of a
•grape called Eugenie. It cannot be the E l-
genia described in “Our Native Grape,” by
Mitzky. but of its origin I know nothing.
But it has proved hardy and productive here,
and seems worthy of a better fate than to be
consigned to oblivion. The bunch is iarge.
wide, short, compact. The berry is quite
large, round to a little oblate ; red, with a
gray bloom. Pulp, rather meaty, yet tender,
and with some free juice. Flavor pure, lively,
rich, sweet and excellent ; would be “best”
but for some astringency in the skin under
pressure by (he teeth. Season, last half of
September. R. W. Munson is scarcely hardy
here in our coldest Winters, or say at 20 de¬
grees below zero. Bunch and berry are large ;
the pulp is melting, pure, vinous, rich, sweet
and excellent. Ripens first half of September.
Tennyson is a large, white grape that orig¬
inated with E. F. L. Itautenberg, of Lincoln,
HI., and is not much disseminated. The
vine has a fair, healthy growth and seems
productive. The bunch is large, wide, quite
compact — not often shouldered. Berry large,
round, grayish yellow and attractive. Pulp
mostly dissolves and is pure, vinous, yet
sweet, and has much free juice. A “very
good" refreshing grape with a season of about
the last of September. I have tried Munson’s
America this year in making unfermented
wine. Its juice is very thick and dark, and
has a flavor that gives an agreeable change
from the old standard varieties, as Con¬
cord, Cynthiana, etc. I like it. Others
might prefer the Cynthiana (which is hard
to beat), or even the Concord. The flavor of
each is quite distinct, and all are good. Peo¬
ple should use more unfermented wine.

Sangamon Co., Ill. bent. buckmax.

GARDEN NOTES .

Blind Cabbage. — On page 860 I noticed an
article in regard to “blind” cabbage. Infor¬
mation was asked by C. A. S., Bellows Falls,
Vt., how to single out the sets that produce
heads. The Kaw Valley is a great cabbage as
well as potato raising land, and the way we
do, in selecting sets, those that, have a little
center started or crown when the plants are
ready to transplant are the ones that make
heads. They seldom fail ; the ones with only
a couple of leaves may as well be discarded,
as they will not make heads. H. a. h.

Edwardsville, Kan.

Potatoes Between Shrubs.— Last Spring
T tried the experiment of planting potatoes
between shrubs. I lined out every alternate
row to the potatoes. I had a piece of land
in heavy sod, turned last Fall. I planted
three bushels of seed and harvested 50 bush¬
els. I should not think land occupied by
them was over one-quarter of an acre. I
used only a light application of potato fer¬
tilizer. no stable manure; was sorry I did
not plant the whole new nursery that way.

Weston, Mass. G. L. c.

Undek Oregon Glass. — My house is sim¬
ply a part of my garden covered with glass.
I set my first crop of lettuce the latter part
of October; commence marketing it in Novem¬
ber and am selling lettuce all through
the Winter and Spring until the first of
June. I also commence In December to grow
cabbage plants and in February tomato
plants : also put in cauliflower and celery as
the market wants them ; then through the
Summer 1 am growing cucumbers, so I keep
my crops growing all the year except in
September, when I clean out and get ready to
commence anew. During 1904 I sold 12,000
lettuce at five cents : 100,000 early cabbage
plants at $5 per 1,000 ; 35.000 tomato plants
at $10 per 1,000, and 6,250 cucumbers for
$225, beside a few thousand cauliflower and
celery plants. I have no heat except from
the sun. So far this Winter there has been
frost inside the house four or five times, but
it has done no damage to anything.

Oregon. dexter field.

Muslin for Hotbed Sash.

IF. T. P., Lake Putnam, Wash. — Sometime
ago you told how to prepare muslin for
making hotbed sashes instead of glass. Can
you tell me again?

Ans. — Cover the frames with heavy
sheeting stretched tightly and tacked to
outside edges. Then paint the cloth with
two or three coats of the following mix¬
ture. Two thoroughly-beaten eggs to a
pint of raw linseed oil. When painting
keep the mixture well stirred, and allow
one coat to dry before applying another.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie, Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample.
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

FRUIT TREES

Erie Blackberry, all
at moderate prices. J.

Poplars, California
Privet, Currants,
Asparagus roots,
my own growing. No. 1 stock
A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

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best new and standard varieties; vigorous, heavy-
rooted and True to Name. Send for free catalog.

B. KING, Tewksbury, Mass.

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at SI per

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A peculiar fruit tree climate does
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for 17 years.

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It’s too late to correct mistakes after the
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Nurseries

Box 29,

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Kieffer Pear, loaded with fruit
4 years from planting.

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Two Million Strawberry Plants.

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Other varieties proportionately low. Our cata¬
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A Few Thousand Peach Trees.

Grown on medium loam. The best Peach
soil. Positively free from scale. Elberta is
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PLANT PENNSYLVANIA’S BEST FRUIT TREES
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ness Catalog for busy people gives accurate descriptions of all Fruits worth planting in Central Atlantic
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Reynolds and Catherine,

New STRAWBERRIES I am introducing, should be
tested by all fruit-growers. Crimson-Cluster, a
seedling of the Gandy that is larger, later, and more
productive. Ohio Experiment Station says:— Plants
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A beautiful berry. Send for free 24-page catalogue
describing 65 varieties at the lowest prices.

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and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to
name. Send for price list and description.

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ASPARAGUS J RHUBARB ROOTS

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reasonable, H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

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1 68

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 4,

A CHEAP FARM GREENHOUSE.

My experience with a greenhouse began
with one 70 x 70 feet, and slowly grew
till it took in 1$4 acre; this was on my
father’s place. At first we heated with
hot air through large tile, but they would
choke with soot and often crack with the
heat, and that let smoke enough out to
injure the crops. Next we heated with
hot water in four-inch soil pipe, then with
two-inch gas pipe for hot water, and
later, when the houses were made twice
as long, we changed to steam, because it
would take water too long to make the
trip with the houses 300 feet long. It is
hardly possible for a farmer to make a
small greenhouse pay if his time is worth
anything, unless he takes his pay out in
satisfaction, because the opening and clos¬
ing of the ventilating sash and attending
the tire takes more time than most folks
think, and the smaller the house is the

greater is the cost per square foot of roof
in taking care of it. I would call them an
expensive luxury for most farmers.

Almost any man who has gumption
enough to want a greenhouse could build
one by using hotbed sash for the roof,
supported by two rows of posts for the
outside walls and two rows of gas pipe
posts inside ; they would cause less shade
.than wooden posts of equal strength, and
short gas pipe posts can be used outside
the boards along the aisle by staying the
posts with a wire. Use one sash on the
north slope and two on the south slope,
and enough more by the side of these to
make the house the desired length.

Hot water is by far the best heat for a
small house, and a water heater such as
were used in railway cars, ought to be
large enough to do the business. The pip¬
ing must be arranged so that there are no
air pockets to check the circulation of the
water. The average Winter will take
about 16 pounds of soft coal per square
foot of roof. A hillside will do if it
slopes south ; then it would answer as a
wind-break and not shade the rbof. Cold,
windy days take the most coal. By using
regular hotbed sash for a roof they could
be taken off, after danger of frost is past,
and stored away or piled and covered and
the beds used for garden during the Sum¬
mer. The diagram shows end view of
house. louis c. breyfogle.

Indiana.

STRAWBERRY NOTES .

Planting Strawberries. — Our method
of setting out strawberry plants is by
using a mason trowel that has a blunt
point. Almost all of our plants are set
out in midsummer, so as to get a full
crop from each plant the next season,
enough to pay cost of plowing, setting and
manure. We use a line across the field
and set each plant, by the line as straight
as Uncle Sam. When we are digging
our plants in midsummer we try to dig
so as to hold as much soil to each plant
as possible, and lay each plant in a shal¬
low box holding from 200 to 300 plants,
so that the roots are inside of the box,
lapping over each other after box is full.
We ofive the plants a good soak of water;
this makes each plant retain more or less
soil, no matter how hot or dry it is. We
succeed in getting a perfect row of plants;
never a plant fails to live.

Why Destroy Old Strawberry Beds?
— Our system of building up the old
strawberry beds retains the plants in the
same original rows where first set out year
after year. This system saves cost of
plants, plowing, setting, cutting blossoms,
manure, etc. Why not pick fruit from
the same field again, and keep it going for¬
ever? Why not follow nature as near
as possible? The nature of a strawberry
plant is to renew ; that is, to send out run¬
ners and make young plants each season.
Nine years’ experience in building up the
strawberry beds after fruiting time has
revealed wonderful crops from these built-
up plants each season. Why destroy good
fruit-bearing plants that have the fruit¬
bearing blood streaming through their
veins or ribs? Try our system the com¬
ing season, say July 1, or right after pick¬
ing season. Say your rows are matted ;
cut out with a good sharp hoe all plants
except one retained everv six inches apart
in the original rows. The rows can be

seen very plainly by looking over the'
original rows. The old plants that were
lef tlast season are taller and more stocky
or bunchy; the young plants that have
grown between these old ones are not
quite so tall. It is these young plants we
retain as much as possible, and cut out
what appears to be the old plants in the
original rows. By building up plants they
do not mat as much as if Spring-set.

New Jersey. t. c. kevitt.

Hen Manure as Garden Fertilizer.

E. A. IF., De Ruyter, N. Y. — In a recent
Issue you gave amounts of phosphoric acid
and potash to be mixed with hen manure for
a bean fertilizer. What should he the mix¬
ture for a general garden fertilizer? How
would the same work on strawberries and how
should it be applied?

Ans. — A fertilizer for general garden
crops should contain more nitrogen than
one for beans; some beans belong to the
class of plants which obtain more or less
nitrogen from the air. If the hen manure
has been kept dry and is finely crushed
you can mix by weight in the proportion
of eight pounds manure, three pounds mu¬
riate of potash, six pounds acid phosphate
and three pounds nitrate of soda.

HURST’S ORCHARD SPRAYER

Sprays Everytliing-Trees, Potatoes, Truck, or¬
chards and small patches
equally well. Rows. 4 at a
time. 20 acres a day. Even
2-acre growers say: “ Pays
itself first season.” first
order (where no agent) se¬
cures Wholesale price. Ten
days’ free trial or will take
extra yield one acre as pay.
Write to-pay for one free in
each locality.

H. L. HUKST MEG. CO., Dept C, Canton, O.
Isr“'AlI kinds" Sprayers, Barrels, etc., at about one-
half if you write at once.

“World’s Fair white corn sent to pres-
TTunusidii IDENT ROOSEVELT.” "They
are fine ears indeed." said C. P. Hartley. Among
patrons are Waldo Brown, M. E. Williams, Jo Wing
and L. N. Bonham of Ohio; also Henry Field. Iowa
This early variety HUNTER’S IDEAL WHITE has
been cultivated by advertiser for 47 years straight.
Amount of seed limited. First orders first claim till
gone; F.O.B. and sacks free, hi bu. $1.25. 1 Ira. $2.00.

C. S. HUNTER. Sevenmile. Ohio.

BURPEE’S White Evergreen Sugar Corni-
Fine quality of seed. Guaranteed true to name
Test 904 germination. Will sell in quantities fron
I . .uaJP Ask for prices, stating amount wanted.
MACE & MANSFIELD, Box C, Greenville, Ohi(

FIELD SEEDS

Medium Red Clover, Timothy, Alfalfa. Alsike, Ken¬
tucky Blue Grass, Red Top and Beardless Barley.
Direct to Farmers. Samples and prices on application.
M. L. WHITE. Seedsman, NoblesvHle, Ind.

D( ITATOES-Blusli.Bovee, Carman, Harvest, CWoeks,
1 Ohio, Reliance, 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

20 KINDS $ I

Awarded the GRAND PRIZE
(highest honor) at St. Louis Ex¬
position. Catalogue free
H. F. BURT, - Taunton, Mass.

The Ward Blackberry

The WARD is a very strong grower,
perfectly hardy in New Jersey, very pro¬
lific ; the fruit black throughout. We
offer root-cutting plants at so moderate
a price that all can plant it who desire a
first-class and profitable market variety.
For price address

D. Baird & Son

Baird, N. J.

BURT’S

DAHLIAS

NEW STRAWBERRIES

SPRAYED STOCK

My list includes some of the following —

Richman, Mark Hanna, Beaver, Arkansas Black
Ernie, Crimson Cluster. Auto, Olive's Pride Dun¬
can, Commonwealth, President, Lady Garrison. Ben¬
jamin, Superior and Maria, also the best standard
varieties. Everyone should read Special Offer for
1905. You can select your own plants. The best
variety free with your order. Send postal for catalog.

C. W. GRAHAM,

Box 342, Afton, N. Y.

Perfection Strain Early Rose Potatoes

?,^UesL’ highest quality, greatest yielders, seed
f 1.25 a bu. Send for Circular of potatoes and swine

PKNNA. BERKSHIRE CO , Fannettsburg, Pa.

FOR SALE 3,000 Two-year old Elberta Peach
Trees and Apple Trees

cc ^ W H. ROCHELLE.

046 Quapaw Avenue. Hot Springs. Ark.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS A?

VARIETIES
U E TO NAME

A vigorous, healthy, well-rooted plant is more
certain to live, grow much faster, less liable to
disease. Ibis la the kind of plains I furnish my
customers 25 years’ experience. I.ncretla and
Austin Dewberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, Seed
Corn, Second-crop Seed Potatoes, etc. Descriptive
catalogue free.

J. W. HALL, Marion Station, Md.

Pan-American Strawberry Plants,

Produce large and continuous crop of tine large
Strawberries (same year of setting), from August
until winter. Fruits on new runners and old plants
Plants, $1.00 each; 0 $5.00; 12 $10.00, by mail or express
prepaid, upon receipt of price. Address order & In¬
quiries, SAMUEL COOPER, Delevan, N Y.

KNOX NURSERIES

(Established in 1851.)

One Year Cherry Trees

for Spring Planting

Those whom we did not supply last fall we
hope to furnish next spring. We have pleased
every customer this last fall and have many let¬
ters containing such expressions as “Cherry
trees are the best we ever saw." " I had no idea
they were half so good:” "one must see them to
appreciate the quality." “Cherry gave perfect
satisfaction." etc. Well-pleased customers are
our best advertisement everywhere we have sent
one-year cherry trees. Our one-year cherry aro
the finest this year that we ever grew— they are
simply magnificent. Fine tops and perfect roots
make an ideal tree. Send for illustrated circular
telling all about them. A postal with your re¬
quest is all the charge. Let us send you a sam¬
ple for comparison with trees from other nur¬
series. We also have a fine lot of apples, peach
and a general line of nursery stock. Planters
will do well to get our prices before buying.;

H. M. SIMPSON & SONS

Vincennes, Indiana

LOGANBERRIES

Let every fruit-grower plant some Loganber¬
ries. They are proving more productive and
profitable than Blackberries and ripen at a sea¬
son before summer drouths. Strong, well-
rooted plants, $1.00 per dozen, jjostpaid.
Write for illustrated circular. Special prices in
quantities.

J. B. PILKINGTON, Nurseryman

Portland, Oregon

“ The best that money, location, and experience
can produce.”

“FRIEND”

’Nuf Said !

CAT. .REE

“Friend” Mfg. Co.

GASPORT. - - • N. Y
U. S. A.

Write to Andrew
Reash atNew Spring-
field, Mahoning Co,,
Ohio, for circular and
prices on Berry Baskets,
Berry Crates, etc.

Write at once and
procure prices.

OUK CATALOGUE quotes Lowest Prices on good
plants, and the best berry crates and qt. baske t
made H. H. AULTFATHEK, Minerva. Ohio.

CANNEDY TREES

are the best that can be grown. You can get no
better, no matter what you pay. A complete line
for spring delivery. Write for prices. Salesmen
wanted. Nurseries at Carrollton and Jersey ville.
JOHN A. CANNEDY, - Carrollton, Ill,

A Valuable New Potato

“ Harris Snowball ”

This new seedling has been thoroughly tested
for the past three years when blight and rot has
been almost universal in this state, and it has
never been affected with either of these diseases
Last Beason it yielded 324 bushels per acre
without fertilizer or spraying, where other kinds
were failures on account of blight. Why lose
100 bushels per acre from effects of blight and a
large percentage from rot, when this “blight
proof” variety can be had at a very moderate
price ? Full description in our catalogue.

We are extensively engaged in Seed Growing
and we offer the best seeds at lowest prices.

It will pay you to see our catalogue. It con¬
tains lots of good new things. No charge for it.

JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY
Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y.

No book keeping in the berry field. No trouble in
settling with pickers. Every grower should use them.

Samples free.

T. M JONES, Goreville, Illinois

Special Seed Offer

I will send post-paid, 15 Full Sized Packets of
flower seeds for 25 cents, consisting of Asters,
Alyssum, Bachelor Button. Coreopsis, Candytuft,
Mignonette, Marigold, Pinks, Poppies, Pansies,
Phlox. Portulaca, Petunia, sweet Peas and Zinnias.
For description see last page of 1905 Catalog. Send
for it to day, it is free.

H. B. SNOW, 25 Railroad St., Camden. New York

QUALITY LEADS

In “BURWELL’S SEEDS.” Market Gar¬
deners Special Prices.

E. E. RURWELL, New Haven, Conn.

SEED OATS for sale. National, 20th Century and
Big Four All best standard white varieties.
Very large yielders, have stiff straw and are home
grown Thoroughly recleaned and sacks free. Our
prices are right Send for circular.

BALLOU BROS , Millington, Ill

n Q A| J™— Czar of Russia Oats:
■ /A La Durham Bull Calf, four

months old, Heifer most three years; Alpha DeLaval
Separator Baby No. 1. CHA3. MARSH, Valois, N Y.

The Great New Potato

N0R0T0N BEAUTY

This is the most valuable potato
introduced sine*, we first offered the
Carman No. 1, just ten years ago.
Mr. E. U. Coy, the highest American
authority on potatoes, says “it is the
most valuable potato ever intro¬
duced.” Our catalogue gives full de¬
scription and the opinion of many
experts who have tested it the past
season.

It is the earliest Potato ever grown,
being sixteen days earlier than the
Early Rose ! Yet it is fully as pro¬
ductive as any main crop or late sort.
This combination of extreme earli¬
ness, productiveness and keeping
qualities has never before been at¬
tained. It is handsomer in appear¬
ance and more uniform in size and
shape than any other variety. Its
table qua ity is superb and it keeps
longer than any other sort, early or
late. It Is the best all-round Potato in
existence.

A ny farmer who fails to secure stock
seed of it now will be disappointed
next year when he learns of its value.
Early orders are advised as the de¬
mand is likely to exceed the supply.

Catalogue mailed free on application.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

Seed Growers and Merchants

36 Cortland Street, New York

SEEDS

SOLO ON MERIT. Cktalogfree.
The Ford plan saves you money.

Satisfaction Guaranteed,

Ford Seed Co. Deot-24 Ravenna. 0.

FAQ Q i| £— < CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5.50
rUn wALC bushel; Cow Peas, $175 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware

WANTED FARMERS to plant for us 200 bushels
of early potatoes for Seed. Good cash price
paid Variety a heavy yielder. Cow Peas. Crimson
Clover Seed and a general line of nursery stock For
Sale. MILFORD NURSERIES CO.. Est 1870.

1921 South 17th Street,

Philadelphia. Pa.

BlST

SEED POTATOES

Catalogue of
70 varietiesfree
A. G. ALDRIDGE, Fishers, Ontario Co., N. Y

Long Island Cabbage Seed
American Cauliflower Seed

ARE THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Also other choice specialties for sale by

FRANCIS BRILL

Seed Grower, Hempstead, Long; Island, N. Y.

S"E"ET) nn'R’NT The variety that Is coming
OVfXVlX to the front at Ohio Exper¬
iment Station Scored highest in yellow class at
recent Corn Exhibition, Columbus. Other varieties
of course, but why not have the best; the Darke
County Early Mammoth Ours is the place also, to
get the very best Alfalfa seed in Ohio. Y< u ought to
know about another of our specialties. Seed potatoes.
Catalogue tells all about what we sell, Good honest
stuff

MACE & MANSFIELD, Box C Greenville. Ohio

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to so ve. 1 have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE W’ith early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y

MU5,

THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER

\69

EXPERIENCE WITH PICS.

The pig tales which have appeared in
The R. N.-Y. have been amusing, and
perhaps useful, for they have provoked
the writing of experiences by some, who,
like myself, • would not have otherwise
done so. My first experience in pig grow¬
ing was in the year 1903-4, and following

are the exact figures copied from my pig
book :

December 9, three pigs at $2.00 . $6.00

“ 100 lbs. standard middlings

“ 25 pounds oil meal . 1.50

February 2, 200 lbs. standard middlings 2.20

cartage . 10

March 18, middlings and cartage . 2.10

March 26, one bushel corn . 56

April 30, middlings . 2.25

October 7, 100 lbs. cornraeal . 1.25

October 20, 200 lbs. cornmeal . 2.50

October 28, 200 lbs. cornmeal . 2.30

November, cornmeal . 57

November 27 butchering . 1.00

Credits.

$22.33

March 28, one pig . $3.50

November 27, two hogs dressed
at 7c . 42.00

$45.50

$22.33

Profit for labor . $23.17

You will note that on March 28 I sold
one alive, as he was small, and I knew it
would be a loss to feed one small pig at
the same trough with two larger ones,
although they were about the same age.
The pigs were fed the separator milk from
two cows, or most of it, as the hens had a
share. The hogs were also fed a few
apples, perhaps 15 bushels. My pen is

PORK ON THE HOOF.

only 6x8 feet, and yard is but little
larger and very muddy. Last season I
kept but one porker, but the profit was in
about the same ratio.

My next-door neighbor has a clothes¬
line which she brought from Canada 33
years ago, and she had used it six or eight
years previous to coming to the States,
and she says it has always hung out of
doors all these 40 years. I examined it
this morning and there is not a spot of
rust on it except on the tip ends, where
it was cut or broken off. It was a piece
of solid iron wire and galvanized. The
raw ends show only slight traces of rust.
Mv own wife has a cable clothesline in
use for about six years which shows no
sign of rust. We also have a fence built
of plain iron wire. This fence was put
up in 1877, and would be good to-day but
that some of the posts have rotted off.
The wire was not galvanized, and while
it is rusty on the surface it is not rotten.
Give the wire makers fits until they give
us what we demand, and are willing to
guarantee their goods. Farmers are will¬
ing to pay for honest goods, and the day
of wholesale duping of farmers without
equal resentment has gone by.

Orleans Co., N. Y. wm. h. mills.

WATERCRESS UNDER CLASS.

Last year we described the methods of a
gardener In Illinois who grows water cress in
low ground below a spring. It is not gener¬
ally known that cress is grown successfully
under glass. II. L. Janzen, of Ontario, writes
the Florists’ Exchange as follows :

“The writer first saw water cress growing
under glass in 1885 near Philadelphia, and I
think we have been growing it more or less
for ten or twelve years. The soil that will
produce lettuce or radish will also grow water
cress. As the seed is extremely fine, and the
plants therefore very small when they first
break through the soil, we deem it best to sow
in flats ; and as soon as the plants are large
enough to prick out into other flats. From
the latter we transplant to the bed or bench
in rows four inches apart each way. The
temperature of the lettuce house suits it
nicely, but if given a somewhat higher tem¬
perature it will grow much faster. It should
he needless to say that it requires copious
watering. In all these years we never had a I

complaint from anyone about its being too
bitter. The only difficulty experienced, so
far, is that we have never been able to keep
the supply up to the demand. We consider
water cress, both for the local trade and for
shipping, about as profitable as lettuce. We
take a number of cuttings from each plot of
ground before it is turned under, but where
desired it can be cleaned off with one cut¬
ting. The list of vegetables that lend them¬
selves to profitable cultivation under glass
is none too large, and I therefore take pleas¬
ure in recommending water cress as a money¬
making greenhouse crop.” Mr. Janzen says
he has had no experience in transplanting
cress from the swamps on the greenhouse.

Thick-Necked Onions.

II. E. R. (No Address). — I had two acres
of big-neck onions, which are in the ground
now. Will they be good green onions in the
Spring, and what is the cause of their not
ripening? I also had two acres where, in
spots, I never had better onions, and in spots
not fifteen feet from the good ones there
was nothing but big-necks. On this two
acres I put 60 loads of manure from the
barn yard.

Ans. — The onions on the two acres that
were left on the ground over Winter will
undoubtedly be a total loss. Thick-necks
are often caused by an inferior quality of
seed, sowing too late in the season, an
over-supply of nitrogen, or bad drainage.
Regarding the second plot, it is possible
that the spots in the otherwise good piece
might have been caused by leaving piles
of manure remaining on the ground for a
length of time, and the ground plowed
when these spots were very wet. Having
taken up a large quantity of nitrogen
would account for the above results. It
is much better to spread the manure and
plow under in the Fall.

JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Weight of Sweet Corn.

W. C. L., Nantucket, Mass. — How many
pounds should a bushel of ears of sweet corn
weigh? How many pounds should a bushel
of shelled sweet corn weigh?

Ans. — We cannot give the proper
weight of a bushel of ears of sweet corn.
Ears of sweet corn average about 230 to
the bushel of shelled seed. The weight of
shelled seed averages about 44 pounds to
the bushel. The legal weights of ordinary
corn are 70 pounds in the ear in most
States, 68 pounds in Ohio and Indiana.
Shelled corn, 56 pounds in most States, 58
pounds in New York, and 52 pounds in
California.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.'

OLDS

ENGINE

ARE USED
BY THE

U. s.

GOVERN¬

MENT

Insending outtheirlast specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.
War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all
Others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y

5AW MILL MACHINERY

You have only to inves¬
tigate the merits of

American Saw Mills

to be convinced of their su¬
periority. Factory right at
the doors of Iron, coal sod steel production. Lowest freight rates.
Prices j use right too. Five sixes portable saw mills. Edgers , trimmers,
ihiogle m to hi a *8, Uth mills, oord wood, out-off and rip saws, steam
and gasoline engines, food mills. Supplies of every description. Free
catalogue. Ask for It. Describes everything In dotal L
0 AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO.

810 Engineering Bldg. New York Otty.

A tonic for horses, cows, hogs
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

THE FAMOUS

m. *

SILO

ro / .'i

m

Provides sweet, rich, nutritious winter
pasturage for all the stock on the farm —
cattle, horses, sheep, hogs, poultry.

Adds twenty to twenty -five per cent
to the productive value of every cow.

Makes it possible to feed your present
herd at one-half the present expense, or to
maintain a herd twice as large without
any additional expense for feed.

In use on the finest farms and indorsed
by leading agriculturists in all the dairying
sections of the Eastern and Middle States.
Coming rapidly into use everywhere.

Pays for itself in two years at most,
and in many instances in one year.

Our New Catalogue tells all about it.
It is beautifully illustrated and is FREE.
We want you to have a copy of it.
Write us to-day.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

PAT [ N T E 0 ' A U G- 6 !l <1 0 M

PAT ENT I DY AUG fc 1901 1

-vr/'v'Z

AMERICAN

MANURE SPREADERS.

5 sizes, 9 styles. 50 to 150 bu. capacity.

Spread iust as thick or thin as ground requires. Instant
change of Feed. Quick, automatic return of Bottom. Light ^
est Draft. Well made, strong, durable. Value, care
and use of Manure explained in catalogue. Ask for it

1589 HASTINGS ST.

m

New Century BINDER,

Is the only binder for the practical up-to-date farmer. Uses less
power and does cleaner work than any other kind. The Wood
knotter is acknowledged without a peer. Never skips or drags a
bundle. Made with the same care and skill that distinguishes all

WALTER A. WOOD

MACHINERY

Our handsome booklet gives illustrations and full
Information concerning our complete line of Mow¬
ers, Reapers, Binders, Rakes and Hay Tedders.
For more than half a century they have
been recognized its the standard agri¬
cultural machinery of the world.
Every improvement, every timeand
labor saving device will be found on
Walter A. Wood machinery.

We can furnish repairs for
our machinery of any date-
no matter how antiquated.
Full ctocks carried at ail
central points.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO.,
, Hooslck Falls, N. Y.

\ Oldest independent manufacturer s of harvesting machinery in the world.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The great en¬
silage variety we
have introduced all
over New
York and
New Eng¬
land. Pro*
W duces more tons
7 of ensilage per
/ acre than any other
corn grown. Grows
14 to 18ft. high. often
more than 20
ft. with 4 and
5 ears to the
Stalk.

Shortest
j jointed
with most
and broadest
leaves.

' ' 4»Sf-

Tra.de Mark Registered.

Great Succat c
Last Year
2C States.

Seed all sc Id
at middle
of the sea¬
son, many
orders not
tilled. Look
out for pre¬
tended Eu¬
reka vari¬
eties. We
c o n t r ol
bsolutely
.all the
seed of the
enuine. Seed
limited. Send
orders early.
Our book
shows why
you should
_ plant Eu¬
reka for en¬
silage. Gives
prices of this
and other for-
_ _ xops.as well as

farm machines- Mailed
free. Write for copy now.

[ Address

ROSS BROTHERS
Worcester, Mass.

Dibble’s Seed Corn

NEW EIGHTY-DAY YELLOW DENT. The earli¬
est dent corn in the world, growing in western
New York to a height of 10 to 12 feet, and dead ripe
September 1st. Pedigree seed, hand sorted, tip and
butt kernels discarded. Mammoth Yellow Flint and
Improved Learning two weeks earlier than Learning.
All seed corn tested before shipment. Catalog Free,
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
OUR CORN BEATS " JACK FROST.”

WHITE SIBERIAN. Yield last year,
84 bushels per acre (actual). White,
clean, heavy. 55 c nts per bushel.

O. C. SHEPARD CO., Medina, Ohio

DHTATHEC grown especially for SEED. 15
■ UIAIUCO varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Fa.

CHOICE SEED OATS AND BARLEY

Henderson’s Clydesdale Oats grown from Im¬
ported seed. Large, plump and heavy ylelder. 75c.
per bus., 5 bus. ,$3.60; 20 bu. or more, 65c., per bush.
Success Beardless Barley. Stiff straw and large
ylelder. $1.00 per bush 6 bush., $4.76. 10 bu. or more,
90c. per bush. Sacks free. All seed thoroughly
cleaned and screened. Free from foreign seeds.
Samples free. This adv. will not appear again. Cash
must accompany order.

d. c. McPherson seed co.,

Pine View Farm, Scottsvllle, Monroe Co., N. Y.

500,000

Asparagus Roots, Rhubarb, Horse Radish.

All other Vegetable Plants in season.
Three 360 Egg CYPHERS INCUBATORS,
One 100 Egg VON CULIN at a bargain.
Write I. & J. L. LEONARD, Iona, N. J.

Paul if lnu/nr Cnofl Choice Danish grown, Early Dwarf Er.
UQllllllUnGl OuCU) furl, $1.50. Early Snowball, $2.00 oz.
B. E. GOODALK, 1947 Broadway, New York City.

DARGAINS IN SEEDS

Q Choice kinds of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at 2 cent*
Pichal. Flower Plants, 6 cents each. Many choice
novelties. Don't buy until you see our New Catalogue,
Mailed FREE If you mention this paper.

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

Potatoes

The famous “D & B Line”
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads in earliness, yield,
vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money.

For 25 cents (stamps or
Silver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.
DARLING & BEAHAN,

328 Michigan St.. PETOSKEY. MICH.

CATALOGUES

Harvey Seed Co., Buffalo, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of seeds and gardeners’ supplies ; 54
pages, illustrated.

J. R. Reasoner, Urbana, Ill. — Strawberry
bulletin ; four pages. Offers and describes
Senator Dunlap strawberry.

David Knight, Sawyer, Mich. — Catalogue
of small fruit plants; 30 pages, illustrated.
A long list of good varieties.

Thomas J. Grey & Co., Boston, Mass. —
Catalogue of seeds and garden supplies; 105
pages. The assortment is very complete.

H. F. Burt, Taunton, Mass. — Catalogue of
Dahlias, eight pages, Illustrated. Hundreds
of the world's finest varieties are offered.

Barnes Bros. Nursery Co., Yalesville,
Conn. — Catalogue of fruit and ornamental
trees ; 34 pages, illustrated. An excellent
collection.

S. H. Warren, Weston, Mass. — Catalogue
of strawberry plants. In addition to stand¬
ards, the new varieties ‘‘Great Scott” and
Fan-Amerlcan are offered.

J. E. Hutton & Son, Conyngham, Pa. —
Catalogue of vegetable and flower plants ;
36 pages, elegantly Illustrated. This firm
handles 5,000,000 plants yearly.

The La Porte Nursery, La Porte, Ind. —
Wholesale price list of small fruit plants
and trees ; eight pages. Twenty-eight varie¬
ties of strawberries and a full selection of
other fruits are offered.

Reliance Nursery Co. — Catalogue of fruit
and ornamental trees and plants ; 32 pages,
colored cover, very fully illustrated. A large
and judicious collection of standard and new
fruit varieties and ornamentals.

R. Douglas’ Sons, Waukegan, Ill. — Whole¬
sale catalogue of evergreen, forest and decid¬
uous trees. A full collection of hardy and
reliable kinds is listed. There are some in¬
teresting offers of young seedlings by mail.

D. Hill, Dundee, Ill. — Wholesale catalogue
of evergreens ; 12 pages. Offers the large and
varied assortment of evergreen trees and
shrubs and deciduous forest and orna¬
mental trees grown by this well-known spe¬
cialist.

Fred’k H. IIorsford, Charlotte, Vt. — Cata¬
logue of hardy ornamental plants ; 58 pages,
richly illustrated. A large and extremely
Interesting collection of hardy herbaceous
plants and shrubs. A beautiful colored il¬
lustration of the Fringed gentian adorns the
cover.

D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich. —
Ferry’s Seed Annual ; 105 pages, colored cover
and four colored plates. One of the stand¬
ard catalogues, with brief and reliable de¬
scriptive matter. An immense collection of
varieties of garden, field and flower seeds
is offered.

Henry Field, Shenandoah, Iowa. — Farm
and garden seeds ; 40 pages, illustrated.

There are special offerings of new varieties
of field corn, among which Is Red 90-Day, a
quick-growing dent corn, valuable for early
feeding and replanting poor stands as late
as June. The general seed collection Is
large and judicious.

M. J. Wragg Nursery Co., Des Moines, la.
— Catalogue of fruits and ornamentals ; 32
pages, very effectively illustrated. A most
excellent collection adapted for planting in
the Mississippi Valley. The new Iowa red
raspberry, Wragg cherry and Stoddard plum
are specialties. The latter Is claimed to be
the largest of native varieties.

Geo. II. Peterson, raterson, N. J. — “A
Little Book About Roses” ; 26 pages. A

handsomely printed and illustrated booklet
giving excellent directions for the cultiva¬
tion of modern outdoor roses and ornamental
hedge plants. An extensive and well-chosen
assortment of hardy and garden roses, pseo-
nies and hedge plants is offered

The Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville,
Ohio. — Catalogue of garden, flower and farm
seeds, flowering and fruiting plants, nursery
trees and shrubs ; 170 pages, illustrated, col¬
ored cover. An extensive catalogue, listing
an Immense collection of varieties for garden,
greenhouse and orchard use. Many pages
are devoted to choice hardy ornamental trees
and plants.

The Livingston Seed Co., Columbus O. —
Annual of True Blue Seeds ; 104 pages, illus¬
trated, colored cover and plates. Garden and
farm seeds, ornamental and fruit plants. A
very complete collection. A specialty is made
of tomato varieties. The novelty of the
year is Livingston’s Globe, offered as a super¬
ior, deep-fruited, solid, red tomato for main
crop and general culture.

.Tas. J. H. Gregory & Son, Marblehead,
Mass. — Catalogue of vegetable and flower
seeds and gardeners’ sundries ; 78 pages, il¬
lustrated. The usual large and reliable col¬
lection is offered by this long-established house
All meritorious standard varieties are here,
and many of the most promising novelties.
Nitro-culture organisms are offered for a
great variety of legumes at a cost of $2 an
acre for each kind.

W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
— Burpee’s Farm Annual ; 180 pages, colored
plates ; handsome colored cover and many Il¬
lustrations. The present Issue adheres close¬
ly to former models, but is exceptionally neat
and tasteful In make-up. “Quick Lunch”
potato, raised by the originator of Gold Coin,
is offered as the very earliest of good pota¬
toes, ready for use as early as June 25 in an
unfavorable season. The Neapolitan large
early pepper is the earliest of all large mild
peppers, and the most productive of large
peppers. The Mallner Kren horseradish In¬
troduced six years ago from Bohemia, is first
offered to the public. There are many other
novelties and specialties brought to notice
In this excellent catalogue, among which is
a new sweet corn under the unique name of
“Howling Mob.”

^/r.WOOD'* frfcfcDS?

water melon seed

GROWN IN THE SUNNY SOUTH.

(,,7<v“Gr66n rind, red meat, full of juice and so sweet,'

If y°u waflt quality, sweetness, and the best melons that it ISam
possible to grow, plant oufi southern-grown melon seed. Northern^
or western-grown melon seed doesn’t begin to compare, when vou
consider the quality and product of the fruit’ produced. / ’ “

' , w Tj?re^ °unces— Three Best Varieties— Hailed for 25c!

niPrCfho!Prlve Catalogue tells about the best southern melons,

i ■ blether Farm and Garden Seeds. It’s mailed free for the asking. ,/

J' . VV e r 3 ,for c®^,p,eas’ Sorghums, Seed Corn, Ensilage,! A
Corn, nillet, Soja and Yelvet Beans. Write for Catalogue, ,/d

J.W

Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Richmond) Va,<*

PeachTrees AppleTrees

SEVENTY-FIVE VARIETIES

ONE HUNDRED VARIETIES

and everything else In the
Nursery line.

Granes, Plums, Apricots, Cherries, Quinces

“ STRAWBERRIES all kinds. ELMA, the latest ever grown. — _

We make a specialty of sending stock by mail postpaid

BABY RAMBLER ROSES

Blooms every day in the year. All other kinds of hardy and ever blooming and climbing roses. Send for

beautifully lithographed Catalogue. It is FREE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.

HIGHTBTOWW ]Vew Jorsoy,

APPLE TREES i !? at $6.00 per 100

0 ft. FREIGHT PAID.

And our 3 to 5 foot size are better and larger than some offer as 4 to 5 foot.

Pears, Cherry, Peach, Plum and Carolina Poplars

- - $5.00 PER lOO. FREIGHT PAID

Healthy, true to name and FUMIGATED. All kinds of trees and plants at low WHOLESALE Prices.

Remember we beat all other Reliable Nurseries in Quality and Price

LETTERS FROM SOME OF OUR CUSTOMERS. WE HAVE THOUSANDS OF THESE IN OUR OFFICE
Reliance Nursery Co., Penn., Jan. 31st. 1905.

Gentlemen.— Your Catalogue at hand, and enclosed find my order fruit trees, and money order for same.
I lease send my order as soon as weather will permit. I wish to say that I am well pleased with the trees
received five years ago. We had our first crop this year and the peach trees produced fine fruit. I never
was more pleased with such good results in the peacn crop before. I remain, truly yours,

WILLIAM SCHREIBER.

__ , New Hampshire, Jan. 30, 1905.

.Gentlemen.— The trees that I had of you last year did well. Please send your 1905 Catalogue, to

ALL STOCK AS REPRESENTED OR MONE YYREF UNDE D . P' L' EASTMAN'

Reliance Nursery Company, Inc., Box I, Geneva, N. Y.

Mid-Winter Bargain Offer

PLANTERS’ BIG BARGAINS

in FRUIT TREES

Apple $3 to $6 per 100; Peach $1 to $6; Plum $6 to $10;
Pear $5 to $10. Strawberry Plants $1.75 to $2 per 1000

All stock well graded, true to name and free
from disease. State entomologist’s certificate
with each shipment. Write to-day for cata¬
logue and special price on your list. We will save you money.

Chattanooga Nurseries, Chattanooga, Tenn.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

The Perfection Currant

The only Currant awarded Gold Medal at St.’Louis
Exposition; also awarded the $50 Gold Barry
Medal of the Western New York Horticultural
Society, and the Pan-American Medal. The
largest, most productive and best Red Currant. Each
plant bears originator’s label. Circular free.

C. M. HOOKER & SONS, Introducers,

Rochester, N. Y.

Fairfield Strawberry

Named as The Best

Early Variety

at the WOOSTER Ohio Experiment Station in a
test of 160 Kinds. “GET BUSY” and order
some plants from the introducer. To start you we
will send by mail 12 plants if you will send us names
of 5 FRUIT Growers and 15 cents in silver or stamps.
WEST JERSEY NURSERIES, Bridgeton. N. J.

KNIGHT’S FRUIT
PLANTS.

Strawberries Raspberries Blackberries

Millions of them as fine as ever grew. We grow
the best In all the choice varieties. Our Price
is Low. Catalogue free. Don’t fall to send
for It. DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Sawyer, Mich

- THE -

President Wilder Currant

“A MONEY MAKER.”

Most Prolific of all Currants.

For Prloes Write to

S. D. WILLARD, GENEVA, NEW YORK.

Strawberry Plants

We have been growing and selling plants In this
town 33 years, and are now offering 92 varieties
which are described In our 1905 catalogue. Our
plants were never finer. Yon will also get other in¬
formation that Is not obtainable elsewhere— a dis¬
cussion of “ The Pedigree Question ” by 20
experienced growers, pro and con. Send postal for It.

M. CRAWFORD CO., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

KFRUITBOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-

’ but ion to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Somethin* New in Fruits!

The ALMO Strawberry and the
Bauer Late Peach.

Have been in the business sixteen (16) years and
have sent out more new and standard varieties of
berries than all others. Send for catalog.

JAS. A. BAUER, Judsonia, Ark.

Strawberry «ava!ieties

Standard varieties of raspberries, Blackberries,
Grapes, Currants, Trees, etc. Cannas, Dahlias,
Shrubs and Greenhouse Plants. Our prices are right.
Send postal for our new Spring Catalogue.

Elmhurst Nursery, M. E. Chandler, Argentine, Kan.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits Including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200.000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK. Ulghtstown, N. J.

Rathbun & Wilson Jr. and

Lucretia Dewberry Plants

and Strawberry Plants

at $1.50 and $2.00 per 1.000. I will sell 3,000 Rathbun
Root Cuttings for $24.00. My Catalogue will tell you
how to plant them, 1 am headquarters for flrst class
stock. D. W. MOSLEY, Dover, Del.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 7 1

ANOTHER POWER SPRAYER .

I use a three-cornered tower for spray¬
ing the large trees. See accompanying
picture. It has one standard ahead and
two behind. I have long rods with a nut
on lower end, which are fastened to top
of front standard on each side and run
through the platform near the outer
edge, so by drawing nuts up tight
the rods hold the tower solid. We

A THREE-CORNERED POWER SPRAYER.

find that a three-cornered tower goes
through between the limbs much bet¬
ter than a square tower. I have used this
rig three years, but am now putting in
gasoline engine. My rig worked very
nicely, except that it was very heavy,
weighing when filled ready to go with two
men on, one to drive and one in tower,
4.800 pounds, including wagon. You will
notice that I use three horses.

Wayne Co., N. Y. b. j. case.

GOVERNMENT TESTS FOR SEEDS
Buying on a Guarantee.

As Is now pretty well known the Agricul¬
tural Department at Washington has a de¬
partment for seed testing. Fair samples of
a package of seeds will be taken and tested
for germinating power or for weed seed.
We recently sent the following question to
leading seedsmen :

“Will you be kind enough to tell us if
you would be willing to sell your seeds on
the basis of Government Inspection? In
other words, would you permit the purchaser
to send a sample to Washington for testing
and accept the report as a basis of sale?
We would like 1o have your opinion regarding
the value of this Government work.”

Many replies were received. Some do not
care to give a public opinion. The following
are fair samples of the replies :

For my part I am perfectly willing for the
customer to submit samples to Government
experts for test. The buyer must not ex¬
pect, however, to get perfect seed unless he is
willing to pay the price. Seedsmen always
stand ready to furnish a high grade of seed
to such as are willing to pay a sufficient price
for it, but as long as the buyer keeps ham¬
mering for lower prices and talks price only
he is pretty sure to get what he insists on,
cheat) seed. In such cases the seedsman
should not be blamed, for he is always ready
to give the customer what he most wants.
If it is cheapness, cheap goes; if it is qual¬
ity. he gets it, provided he is willing to pay
the price. The matter rests with the buyer.
One man will write in and say : “I want
the best possible clover seed,” and he will
get something that will stand any test, no
matter how rigid, hut it will cost him prob¬
ably $8.50 per bushel. Another farmer will
write in to know if he can get clover seed for
$7 per bushel. He will probably get it, but
I would not promise that it would stand
Government test. Any seedsman will guar¬
antee his best grades to stand Government
test, hut the lower grades must he taken
largely on faith. henry field.

We believe our facilities for testing seeds
are equal in every respect to the Govern¬
ment's. As you well know, we have one of
the largest, if not the largest, market garden
plant in New England, and probably more
greenhouses than any oilier, and we believe
thoroughly that the seed we put out is A 1
in every respect. We can give any one of
our customers who asks for it. the percentage
of germination of the seed from the package
he buys, for we have a system for keeping an
accurate account of the tests of all our seeds.
Consequently we cannot see wherein the Gov¬
ernment is in any better shape or has any
more experienced men to do this won than
we have. w. w. rawson & co.

We would not object to sell seeds on the
hasls of Government inspection, if that in¬
spection were made at the different seeds¬
men’s warehouses.

.TOITN A. SAI.ZER SEED CO.

We have been too many years in tht
business to feel in need of outside assist
ance }n determining tbe quality of our goods.

As to whether we need watching — that, we
suppose, is for the Government to say. So
far as vegetable seeds are concerned, it is
obvious that any tests made by the Govern¬
ment experts could decide nothing as to
ij iid I i 1 if beyond their germinating power,
which the seedsman, and, for the matter of
that, the purchaser, is surely competent to
ascertain. Every reputable seedsman satis¬
fies himself as to the germination of the
seeds he sends out. It is manifestly his in¬
terest to do so. The question is not as to
whether seeds will (/coir, but as to what they
will produce when grown — with cabbage
seed, for instance, whether it produces solid
heads of the desired type, or bunches of rank
loose leaves. As to the quality in this re¬
spect the purchaser must rely entirely upon
the seedsman. The Government cannot help
him. Let him buy from a reputable seeds¬
man, think less of a few cents' difference in
cost, and his interests will be sufficiently
protected.

With grass, clover and some other field
seeds, however, the situation is different, and
it is our impression that it is to these that
the Department of Agriculture has been di¬
recting its attention. It is not so easy to
ascertain either the germinating power or
the purity of these seeds. A sample may
contain many noxious weeds which only the
expert can detect. The work of the De¬
partment in reporting upon the purity of
samples of grass seeds submitted to them
has our hearty approval. Indeed, we have
frequently availed ourselves of it. We also
approve of their attitude with regard to
adulterated Alfalfa seed, although we think
that the farmer who buys his clover seed
in the village grocery at a lower price than
is quoted by a wholesale seed merchant gets
all he is entitled to expect. Grass seeds are
sold in the trade in three or four grades, ac¬
cording 1 o purity and germination. As we
handle only the highest of these grades we
have no hesitation in submitting our sam¬
ples to the experts of the Department of
Agriculture. J. M. TIIOHBDBN & co.

We would never think of raising any ob¬
jection to a customer buying seeds from us
subject to the Government vitality test be¬
ing satisfactory. Government experts are do¬
ing very good work along all lines in the seed
introduction bureau, but in some instances
we think are to be criticised on what they
consider the standard of germination.

W. ATLKE BURl’EE & CO.

We have always advertised that if seeds
were not satisfactory they were to be re¬
turned to us at once, and we would refund
the money which had been paid for them.
It would not matter to us whether the
customer returned them from the effect of re¬
ceiving a Government inspection report or
not. The worst objection to Government in¬
spection is that it requires considerable time,
sometimes several weeks, to obtain a re¬
port. These reports are usually asked for
on clover and grass seeus, and the market
price is changing so constantly that we would
not want to have a long delay before seeds
were returned to us. They are sold on a
very close margin of profit, and at the end
of the season price usually declines, and
in case of customer being dissatisfied we
would be obliged to stand the loss. Another
objection to such a report is that the ordi¬
nary farmer thinks seeds should be abso¬
lutely perfect, and nature does not provide
seed in that way. There is always at least
a small per cent, of weed seeds in any lot
of clover or grass seed, and really first-class
seed might be rejected by the farmer for
that reason, although the small per cent of
weeds contained in same were of the most
unobjectionable sort. iowa seed co.

WANT TO KNOW.

Rosxv Pear. — lias anyone fruited the
Rosny pear? Is it a good hearer, and has
it good qualities as claimed by persons hav¬
ing the trees for sale? b. gebiiardt.

Michigan.

Atlantic Strawberry. — Is there a variety
of strawberry known as “Atlantic"? We saw
them quoted as such in the market last sea¬
son. A Philadelphia commission merchant
told me they were the finest shipping berry
that comes in market. I have scanned every
fruit catalogue that comes to my desk, but
cannot find them listed. W, A. b.

Seneca Go., N. Y. _

When you write advertisers mention The
R. 'N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.'

GREER’S SEED OATS

Straw medium length, stiff and strong, Oats
pure white, heavy yielder, 65c. bu. $6.00 for 10
bus. Bags, 15c.

Monster Spring Rye.

. $1.50 bu. $13.50 for 10 bus.

Early Excelsior Potatoes.

Two weeks earlier than the Ohio, and a better
yielder than the late varieties.

40'. lb. $1.00 for 3 lbs., postpaid.

For 10c. we wi 1 send a packet of the earliest

Tomato, Orr Trojan, and the new Giant Aster,
Alice Roosevelt, and our handsome Catalogue.

YOUNG & HALSTEAD

3 Grand street, TROY, N, Y,

VIEW OF OUR PLANTS

They tell the story of great crops. The plants with the greatest number
of feeding roots are the best evidence. A system of fibrous roots full of life

and energy are the great s CCQ iOUse of power ,to grow wonderful crops of
strawberries.

CiVT-ALOGlTJE CFHEE

T. C. KEYITT, - - Athenia, N. J.

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

Evergreen and Ornamental Trees

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,

Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, WAUKEGAN, ILL.

-TVTVVVVTVTVVITTVVVVVTrVTVl

It is all in the seed

The profit from your farm depends as much on the
seed you plant as your skill in cultivating it. It is an
easy thing to gain from $5.00 to $15.00 an acre by
wise choice of seed. Start right — the best farmer on
earth can’t raise a big crop from poor seed. The same
truth applies to vegetable and flower gardening. V

Our Northern Grown Seeds

are best for all soils and climates. Thev possess the vigor peculiar to all Northern
plant life. Over 20 years of effort in seed breedingliavc been successful because we have
kept constantly in view the most essential point — YIELD. Our latest and a very sensa¬
tional introduction is Peep’o Day Sweet Corn, earliest, tenderest, juiciest.

For 16 cents, stamps, we will mail you 300 seeds Peep’o Day Sweet Corn — enough
for 60 hills; also our 1905 Pictured Catalogue of Northern Grown Farm, Vege¬
table and Flower Seeds. If the corn is not wanted, we will send our 1905
Pictured Catalogue Free. It contains special trial offers.

N0RTHRUP, KING & CO., Seed GrowersMftbM

New TOMATO from LIVINGSTON

LIVINGSTON’S GLOBE

In shape It is a beautiful globe. Among the
first to ripen; fruit of large size, and size is
maintained throughout the season; always
smooth, firm-fleshed; ripens evenly, through
and through; a fine g'ossy rose in color, tinged
with purple; very productive. A remarkably
good keeper; especially adapted to slicing or
eating from the hand, as the flavor is very deli¬
cate and agreeable. Pkt. 20 cts., 3 pkts. 50 ets.,
7 pkts. $1.00.

SEED ANNUAL FREE

THE LIVINGSTON SEED GO.

Box 144 Columbus, Ohio

High Class Flower and Vegetable Seeds

J'or years we have been striving to show our many friends that we have a superior
ec-tfon and stratus Of Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

ARLINGTON TESTED SEEDS

Are known to be true mid will s?row; we huve tented them nil. Now wo want all
who are interested in acedg to have our 11K)6 catalogue.

It la new; It la up-to-date, with the Intent noveltlea und apcelttltlea.

Before you buy we waut you to see It. If you will send us your address, we will mull ittoyouFree.

W. W» UAWSON iL CO., Seedumen, 12 And 12 FaneuH Hall Square, Boston, H&u.

172

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 4,

CATALOGUES

R. E. Allen, Paw Paw, Mich. — Price list
of berry plants ; 10 pages.

J. M. Phillips’ Sons, Pittsburgh, Pa. — •
Seed Annual, GO pages, colored cover. De¬
voted to farm and garden seeds.

North Star Plant Farms, Cokato, Minn.
— Catalogue of strawberry plants, 20 pages,
Illustrated. Over 100 varieties are listed.

.Tas. A. Bauer, Judsonia, Ark. — Catalogue
of strawberry plants, 22 pages, illustrated.
The Almo Is offered as especially productive.
It is of the Wilson type.

Coles Seed Store, Pella, Iowa. — Coles’
Garden Manual ; 82 pages, illustrated, colored
cover. Reliable varieties of garden and farm
seeds are listed.

C. E. Whitten Nurseries, Bridgman,
Mich. — Strawberry Plants that Grow ; 40

pages, illustrated. Strawberry and small
fruit plants. A fine list with good cultural
directions.

Reasoner Bros., Oneco, Fla. — Catalogue of
Royal Palm Nurseries, 66 pages, illustrated.
A very extensive offering of tropical, sem.i-
tropical and temperate ornamental and
fruiting trees and plants.

Elbridge E. Wheeler, Bridgeport, Conn.
— Catalogue of field, flower and garden seeds,
and flowering plants, 98 pages, illustrated,
colored cover and colored plates. A hand¬
some catalogue offering a good collection.

Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y. — Catalogue
of hybrid Gladioli ; 32 pages beautifully

printed and illustrated. The strains of
Gladioli herein offered captured the Grand
Prize at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition,
St. Louis, Mo., 1904, and medals at previous
exhibitions.

Joseph Harris Co., Coldwater, N. Y. —
Harris’ Rural Annual ; 68 pages, illustrated.
Garden and farm seeds. A conservative col¬
lection of dependable varieties. Harris’
Snowball potato is a new variety offered as
blight and rot proof.

J. B. Armstrong & Sons, Shenandoah,
Iowa. — A 26-page Illustrated catalogue of
seed corn and farm and garden seeds. Many
fine varieties of field corn are described, and
a specialty made of selected fire-dried corn
in the ear for seed purposes.

Ratekin’s Seed House, Shenandoah,
Iowa. — Garden and Farm Annual ; 74 pages,
colored cover showing vegetable varieties.
There is a good list of garden seeds, but the
great specialties are seed corn and potatoes.
Some exclusive varieties are offered.

The Geo. W. P. Jerrard Co., Caribou,
Me. — Jerrard’s Seed Potatoes; 24 pages, il¬
lustrated. Many good potatoes and a selec¬
tion of vegetable seeds suitable for the North
are listed. The Early Surprise potato, first
offered two years ago, Is strongly commended.

E. C. Green & Son, Medina, O. — Catalogue
of garden and flower seeds, 18 pages. A
short but well selected list of good varieties.
The Nuevo tomato Is a dwarf variety, early
and prolific, having the curious color changes
characteristic of “Honor Bright", one of its
parents.

John A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse, Wis.
— Catalogue of farm and garden seeds; 140
pages. Many illustrations, colored cover and
several dim and ineffective colored plates.
The general tone of this publication is that
of screaming exaggeration but the firm is
known to be a responsible dealer in good seeds
and supplies.

L. L. Olds Seed Co., Clinton, Wis. —
Catalogue of seed potatoes, farm and garden
seeds; 82 pages, illustrated. A very com¬
prehensive collection of potatoes and farm
seeds. Nearly all useful varieties are offered,
including latest novelties. The specialty of
the year is the White Victor potato, claimed
to be a particularly vigorous and productive
sport of the popular Blue Victor.

Jos. H. Buck, Son & Co., Hightstown, N.

J. — Catalogue of fruit trees and plants and
ornamentals, 50 pages, illustrated, colored
cover. A large and judicious offering of suc¬
cessful varieties . The collections of straw¬
berries and peaches are especially full. The
Elma is offered as the newest and
latest-ripening seedling strawberry. The
Ward blackberry and Miss Lola peach are
new kinds of the highest merit.

T. C. Kevitt, Athenia, N. J. — Catalogue
of strawberry plants ; 18 pages, finely Illus¬
trated. Mr. Kevitt offers a fine assortment
of practical varieties. Glen Mary is con¬
sidered most profitable. Gen. De Wet Is
claimed to be a most desirable late-blooming
or frost-proof variety. Some very taking
collections of new varieties, by mail and ex¬
press, are offered at very moderate prices.

W. N. Scarff, New Carlisle, O. — Every¬
thing for the Fruit Grower; 42 pages, illus¬
trated, colored plates’ A catalogue of fruit
trees and plants listing many excellent vari¬
eties. The Pineapple strawberry Is made a
special feature, and the Brilliant red rasp¬
berry is offered for the first time.

John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. V.
— Catalogue of seeds, flowering plants and
fruits; 148 pages, colored cover and colored
plates of new flowers and fruits. A large

and brilliant publication, listing an extensive
collection. The rare pink Calla, Richardia
Rehmanni, is offered at a moderate price.
Several new fruits are described as the ear¬
liest of their kinds.

Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. —
Dreer’s Garden Book, 226 pages, finely illus¬
trated, colored embossed cover and colored
plates of novelties In flowering plants and
vegetables. This handsome and extensive
catalogue is as fine as ever. In all depart¬
ments the offerings are unusually full ; 32
pages are devoted to hardy garden plants
alone. There are many novelties in seeds
and plants of home and roreign origin.

Funk Bros. Seed Co., Bloomington, III.
— Catalogue of high-bred seed corn, farm
seeds and purebred live stock ; 28 pages,
illustrated. This firm has had 81 years’
experience in corn-growing in Illinois. Of¬
ferings are made of varieties of corn for gen¬
eral culture and special requirements, such
as specially bred chemical corns, containing
as high as 12.65 per cent protein and 5.35
per cent oil.

The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa.
New Floral Guide, 136 pages, illustrated,
colored plates of rose novelties and colored
cover, showing Philadelphia Rambler rose
and the new scarlet giant Canna Louisiana,
that received the Grand Prize at the St.
Louis World’s Fair. We have grown Louis¬
iana two years on the Rural grounds, and
think it is the finest of its class. A bewild¬
ering collection of the choicest roses and Can-
nas, many varieties of their own production,
are offered, together with a large assortment
of flower seeds and rare flowering plants.

W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md. — SLawberry
catalogue; 30 pages, attractive colored plate
of New Home strawberry. Although termed
a strawberry catalogue there is in addition
to an excellent list of commercial strawber¬
ries a careful selection of market garden and
farm seeds. The New Home strawberry is
described as the best keeping and shipping
variety yet offered. It is as large and late
as Gandy, bright red and especially produc¬
tive. It keeps so well that it only need be
picked three times a week, thus overcoming
one of the greatest difficulties in strawberry
culture. Its eating quality is not mentioned.

Vaughan’s Seed Store. Chicago and New
York. — Catalogue of seeds, flowering plants
and gardeners’ supplies; 130 pages, illus¬
trated, artistic cover, with fine colored plates
of King Humbert Canna and “Baby Ram¬
bler” rose. One of the most complete col¬
lections offered in America. All staple va¬
rieties and scores of choice novelties are
listed. The Malakoff sweet corn is offered
as the earliest true sweet variety, being
ready for the table July 4 when planted May
22. It comes from Russia. The Munich
radish from Germany is said to be the finest
of all in quality. Three great specialties
among ornamental plants are King Humbert
Canna, Baby Rambler rose and Princeps
Gladiolus, in all of which this firm controls
the main stocks of the country. The rose is a
dwarf constant-blooming seedling of Crim¬
son Rambler destined for the widest pop¬
ularity. The Canna is the best bronze-leaved
variety with large flowers and the Gladi¬
olus the finest variety in existence. All re¬
ceived gold medals at the St. Louis World's
Fair. Other meritorious novelties are Mag¬
num Dulce pepper and a new hybrid Nico-
tiana “White Wonder” which originated on
the Rural Grounds.

GENUINE IRISH COBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, -eating and
keepingqualities. this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed Is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl. to be genuine. Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as it goes.

EDWARD RIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

fiBACC cccn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
wfcfcl* Seed, Blue Grass, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me hear from you and your wants
Address U. J. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Ohio.

i nnn nnn asparagus roots- The

lyUUUlUUU Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-page
Catalogue. It is FREE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOORE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

OATS AND CORN — For seed. New and im¬
mense yielding varieties. Write for circular.
THEO. BURT & SONS, Box E, Melrose, Ohio.

Dibble’s New Seed Potatoes

Early Manistee and Ionia Seedling (late) are the best and most valuable potatoes introduced in the past
20 years. Sent out last year they have proven winners wherever planted. 00 of our customers' letters are
printed In our catalog and these farmers say. “ Manistee and Ionias beat all other kinds two and three to
one, yielding in many cases 300, 400 and 450 bushels per acre without blight or rot, while other sorts turned
out 100 and 200 bushels, blighting and rotting badly.” The best on earth, but no fancy prices (.while they
last >. Barrel, $3.00; 10 barrel lots, $25.00.

We are headquarters for Seed Potatoes, using the product of over 1.000 acres annually. All Northern
grown, mostly on virgin soil. All the standard kinds, Cobblers, Bovees, Rose, Ohios, Queens, Fortune,
Mountains, Maines, Raleighs, Carmans, etc., $2.00 and $2.50 per barrel. Special prices on quantities some ns
low as $1.50 per barrel. H W. Colllngwood, Editor Rural New Yorker, uses Dibble's Seed Potatoes on Hope
Farm. Last year his yield was over 300 bushels per acre Mr. Collingwood’s testimonial letter published In
full In our new catalog, the best farm seed book published showing Manistees and Ionias in colors.

SEND FOR IT NOW. IT Sc FREE.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower,

HONEOYE FALLS, - - NEW YORK

H

<$■

TO ALL

who will write for them.
To prove that our seeds
are superior to all others
we will send 50 VARIETIES
OF VEGETABLE SEEDS AND 1000
FLOWER SEEDS — enough
for Ten Thousand Plants
—together with 120-page
illustrated catalog for
14 cents, postpaid. Write
quick— this offer won’t
last long.

Wernlch Seed Co.,

si WlwaukM. Wit.

Corn g|

I the great corn for cattle feeders Ears a foot L.
I long, rich in oil. easily broken or crushed. ||
| An enormous yielder. Made 118 bu. per acre Bl
I on my trial grounds, outyieldlng all of the SI
84 other varieties except the White Elephant. B!
If you want corn that will outyield every- 5!
thing in the neighborhood try these two. ■!
Samples free for the asking. I will also send II
you my new catalog of seed corn, seed ■■
potatoes, garden seeds, and in fact all r
kinds of seeds but the poor kinds. >»|

HENBT FIELO, Sndtman
Boi 26 Shinindosh. la.

"The ear seed com man."

Try the New

Majestic Tomato

The greatest vegetable novelty of the sea¬
son. By all odds the largest, finest flavored
and most productive in existence. Thou¬
sands of our customers who received small
trial packages last spring wrote us in the
fall that it surpassed a!> other sorts and
produced 100 lbs. to 147 lbs. of fruit to
' the plant. Many reported single toma.
toes, weighing 3 lbs. to Ids. each.
Just think what this kind of a crop would
mean on an acre of ground. The fruits
arc not coarse grained and poor like
other large sorts, but are smooth, solid,
have few seeds, and are unsurpassed in
quality.Of fine shape and lieautiful color.
Last year the seed sold at 40c per packet
lOOseeds, but this season, we have
reduced priteto lBcts, and in ad¬
dition to this we are offering

$100.00 in Cash

prizes this year for the
largest tomato grown.

Our large illustrated cata¬
logue describing the above
and many other choloe novel*
ties will be sent free If yoa
mention this paper.

IOWA SEED CO.t
Des Moines, Iowa.

The

most careful farmers
and gardeners everywhere
place confidence .n Ferry’s
Seeds— the kind that never fall.

•

have been the standard for 49 years.
They are not an experiment,
bold by all dealers. 1905 Reed
Animal free for the asking.

M. FERRY & CO..

Detroit, Mich.

DREER’S

SEEDS have been
the standard for sixty-
six years, and are known
• the world over for their high
quality and reliability. Our
present great stock -of fresh
seeds, plants, bulbs, etc., is
fully described In our

Garden Book
for 1905

Goui*''Bo0k:

A beautiful catalogue of 224
pages, profusely illustrated.
Gives complete cultural di¬
rections for successful gar¬
dening. Mailed free to old
customers without request.
Sent to any one on receipt
of 10 cents, which amount
may be deducted from
first order.

HENRY A. DR
\\ 714 Chestnut

Philadalphi,

005

I have been growing plump seeds and
seliingthem on the square. My custom¬
ers stick. Nobody else sells my quality of seeds
at my prices. 1 cent a pkt. and up. Onion seed
50c per lb. All other seeds equally low.

A Large Lot of Extra Packages Pre¬
sented FREE with Every Order.

I want to fill a trial order, large or small, for you.
You’ll come again. Send your own and neigh¬
bor’s name and address for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills,

GRISWOLD’S SEEDS

AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

We are Seed Growers and we give the
Seed Planter more value for his money
than any other firm In the business. Send
for Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos. Griswold A Co.,

38 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

Pure

Seed

If other seeds have failed you, try

GREGORY’S

We mall many small fruits, 12 to I6o
each. Catalogue free,

J. i. H. GREGORY A 80S, BarbUhetd, Bail.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Preaque
Isle, Aroostook Co.. Maine. Over fifty varieties.

SEED oonw

Hulst’s Improved Eight Rowed Yellow

This seed has been taken for the last four years
from stalks having two good matured ears, and the
best ears taken ; was cut up and well matured long
before the first frost. Stouts in the best part of the
field yielded at the rate of 110 bushels shelled corn
per acre. Seed from carefully selected ears, and tips
shelled off by hand; price $1.50 per half bushel. $3.00
per bushel of 56 lbs, : bags free. Address
PETER D. HULST, Billings, Dutchess Co., N. Y,

SECOND CROP SEED POTATOES

Mature earlier, stand drought better, yield more large
potatoes than any other seed Catalogue free.

ALF A WHITTINGTON. Marion Station, Md.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefu'ly selected L. I. stock; 5 bu lots, @1.50,
10 bu. lots. @1.40, 25 bu. lots. @1.30. 50 bu. lots,
@1.25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. D. BROWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L 1., N.Y.

SEEDS

THEILMANN’S — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special PriceB.

IHJi THKILMANN SEED CO,, - Erie, Pa.

Peep o’ Day Sweet Corn

1 1 he earliest and sweetest corn ever introduced. A good

money-maker. Wonderfully productive Can be planted
close and yields two to five ears to the stalk
By mail postpaid, | 5c pkt ; 25c pint ; 45c quart.

Ps ew varieties of beets, celery, potatoes, muskmelonsand
watermelons and also shown by actual photographs in our

“Garden and Farm Manual”— Free

Get our Illustrated Poultry Supply Book, too.

JOHNSON & STOKES Dept R
“ Seedsmen to th -J Money-Makers "

217-219 n ark* Street, Philadelphia

. C

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 73

CATALOGUES

B. King, Tewksbury, Mass. — Descriptive
price list of strawberry plants; four pages.

William D. Burt, Dalton, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of garden, flower and field seeds ; 40
pages, illustrated, colored cover.

H. M. Simpson & Sons, Vincennes, Ind. —
Special offer of one-year cherry trees from
Knox Nurseries ; four pages.

Old Colony Nursery, Plymouth, Mass. —
Catalogue of ornamental trees and plants;
16 pages.

Vine Grove Nursery Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. — Catalogue of fruit plants and orna¬
mentals; 34 pages, illustrated.

Contains excellent planting directions, and
an interesting list of stadard fruits grown
from scions taken from best bearing trees of
each variety.

Iowa Seed Co.. Des Moines, Iowa. — Cata¬
logue of farm and garden seeds ; 101 pages,
illustrated, colored plate of new varieties of
field corn. Four varieties are offered as of
special excellence. There is a large collec¬
tion of seeds, and also of ornamental plants.

Miss Mary E. Martin, Floral Park, N. Y.
Flowers for Springtime; 100 pages, illus¬
trated, colored cover and plates. An inter¬
esting catalogue of flower seeds, plants and
bulbs. Prices are reasonable, and special
attention is given to time-tested standards as
well as to novelties.

Barnes’ Bros. Nursery Co., Yalesville,
Conn. — Catalogue of fruit and ornamental
trees and plants; 34 pages.

The Page Seed Co., Greene, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of flower, garden and farm seeds; 68
pages ; colored plates and cover.

Eugene Willet, North Collins, N. Y. —
Wholesale Trade Fist of grapevines and fruit
plants; eight pages. The excellent Nectar
grape is a specialty.

Baldwin's Railroad View Plant Farms,
Bridgman, Mich. — Catalogue of fruit plants
and seed potatoes, 38 pages, illustrated. A
large and excellent collection.

Moore & Simon, Philadelphia, Pa. — Seed
Buyers' Guide ; 100 pages, illustrated. A gen¬
eral catalogue of farm and garden seeds and
gardeners’ supplies.

C. M. Hooker & Sons, Rochester, N. Y'. —
Circular, with colored illustration of the
Perfection currant. This fine variety was
awarded the Barry Medal in 1901, after three
years’ trial.

Allen L. Wood, Rochester, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of fruit plants, trees and roses ; 30
pages. A very full collection. The long-
keeping grape Alice is offered at a moderate
price.

W. S. Todd, Greenwood, Del. — Catalogue
of strawberry plants ; 20 pages, illustrated.
Mr. Todd offers an extensive collection, among
which we notice Catherine, Reynolds and
Crimson Cluster.

Holmes Seed Co., Harrisburg, Pa. —
Holmes’ Handbook of Seeds : 90 pages, finely
illustrated. A complete and extensive cata¬
logue of farm and garden seeds and gar¬
deners’ sundries.

Tucker Plant Breeding Farm, Blodgett,
Mo.— Booklet on purebred sweet corn, 20
pages, illustrated. There is some interesting
reading, and offerings of Boone County White
seed corn.

Griffith & Turner, Baltimore, Md. — Cata¬
logue of farm and garden supplies, 160 pages,
profusely Illustrated. Complete assortments
of seeds, plants, farm and garden tools and
machinery are listed.

D. M. Andrews, Boulder, Colo. — Catalogue
of seeds of hardy plants and shrubs from Col¬
orado and other localities; 16 pages. A
unique and interesting catalogue, offering rare
seeds of native and exotic hardy plants.

The Wm. II. Moon Co., Morrisville, Pa.
Catalogue of choice evergreen and deciduous
ornamentals ; 80 pages. An elegantly printed
and illustrated annual, describing the most
desirable hardy ornamentals in cultivation.

Currie Bros. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. — Cata¬
logue of farm and garden seeds; 98 pages;
Illustrated, colored cover. One of the largest
and best arranged catalogues issued in the
West.

M. Crawford Co., Cuyahoga Falls, O. — Cat¬
alogue of strawberry plants ; 16 pages. One
of the most Interesting publications of its
kind. A very fine list of varieties, including
three novelties, Nimrod, Victor and Mrs.
Miller.

Young & Halstead, Troy, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of garden and farm seeds, implements
and poultry supplies; 98 pages, illustrated. A
large, well- arranged catalogue offering a vast
collection of useful varieties. Special atten¬
tion is given to farm seeds.

Sc h lege i & Fotti.er Co., Boston, Mass.-^
Catalogue of seeds, bulbs and plants; 98
pages, illustrated. A very large and well-
chosen collection. Everything in the way of
standard varieties and rare novelties seems
to be offered.

H. S. Wiley & Son., Cayuga, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of fruit trees and nursery stock ; 38
pages, illustrated. A very good collection of
desirable varieties. The Bing cherry, Clif¬
ton Park and Hudson peaches are prominent¬
ly described.

Stumpp & Walter Co., New York City. —
Catalogue of seeds and ornamental plants;
106 pages, illustrated; colored plate and
cover. This firm offers a large collection of
standard and new varieties of seeds and
plants.

R. M. Kellogg, Three Rivers, Mich. — Kel¬
logg's Great Crops of Strawberries; 62 pages,
finely Illustrated. A combined berry-plant
catalogue and treatise on strawberry cul¬
ture. The author's views on breeding plants
by selection are fully presented.

The Rogers Nurseries. Dansville. N. Y.
The Tree Breeder; 10 pages. A periodical
published in the interest of tree breeding.

J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J. — Cata¬
logue of fruits and hardy ornamental plants;
50 pages, profusely illustrated. An extensive
and well-chosen collection of varieties is
offered, including many late novelties. The
Mersereau and War<5 blackberries, Perfection
currant and Wm. Belt strawberry are strongly
recommended.

The Patterson Nursery Co., Stewarts-
town, Pa. — Catalogue of fruit trees and
plants; 32 pages, illustrated. A well-chosen
list of varieties Is offered. Little confidence
is expressed in the value of nursery fumi¬
gation, but the firm holds itself ready to fum¬
igate trees before shipment when asked to
do so.

T. J. Dwer & Co., Cornwall, N. Y. — Cat¬
alogue of Orange County Nurseries, 54 pages,
illustrated. A very neat catalogue, listing a
large collection of reliable varieties. The
descriptions are very carefully written. The
Vermont Beauty apple, a very large and hand¬
some new Winter commercial variety is made
a specialty.

The Flansbijrgh & Peirson Co., Leslie,
Mich. — Catalogue of berry plants and seed
potatoes ; 42 pages. A very full list of stand¬
ard and new varieties. The Eaton red rasp¬
berry is offered as extremely hardy and pro¬
ductive, fruiting on the young -as well as old
canes ; berries larger than Loudon, and of bet¬
ter color.

W. W. Rawson & C’o., Boston, Mass. — Cat¬
alogue of farm and garden seeds, flowering
plants and garden sundries; 122 pages, illus¬
trated ; excellent colored cover. A large and
well-arranged publication, covering the whole
range of garden needs. The Arlington Sum¬
mer crook-neck squash and Rawson’ s Im¬
proved Hothouse cucumber are prominent
specialties.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York City. — •
Thorburn's Seeds; 146 pages, elegantly il¬
lustrated with new half-tone engravings,
tasteful colored cover showing floral novelties.
A handsome, complete and reliable catalogue
of garden, field, flower and tree seeds and
gardener's supplies. All the new and staple
varieties are listed, and offerings made of
exclusive and imported novelties. The Nor-
oton Beauty potato is the great specialty of
the year. The claims are : 16 days earlier
than Early Rose ; as productive as any main
crop or late sort ; handsome in appearance,
uniform in size and shape and of best qual¬
ity. It is offered as the best all-’round
potato in existence. The new Upright Sweet
Salad pepper and New Hybrid Dianthus, novel¬
ties developed on the Rural Grounds, are of
the highest merit. Other new things of
special interest are the Rose-colored tobacco,
Nicotiana Sander® and the Japanese Winter
salad “TTdo,” grown and blanched like cel¬
ery. The book contains a wealth of useful
information, and being bound so that it lies
flat when opened is of great value for refer¬
ence throughout the year.

0

m Hardy |
w Blizzard £

£

*

£

nursery stock grown in Northern
Iowa is Healthy and full of
fruiting vigor. To introduce our
new method of grafting, which
insures a hardy root system, we
will send free to each property
owner reading this advertise¬
ment, 6 Long Scion, B’oster
Mother Root Apple Grafts (ready /ffcx
for planting) of our best hardy
sorts. Postage 5c which you may vjv
send or not as you choose. A
postal will bring them. Write
today. Pricelist, bargain sheet, dgk
etc., free. Address

The Gardner Nursery Co.

Box 722, Osage, la.

rtuc9&

Catalogue of

Ideal Seeds, Plants & Bulbs,
and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE “

DWARF
0TAHEITE

you wi 11 send us the addresses of
interested in buying
Plantsand six cents to pay
postage. Thlsorangeis easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed,
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Call., Ohio.

ORANGE

X \v

^Harct'eTK- The Guaranteed Apple

“The Minnetonka Apple”

... which for the first time in the history of Horticulture boars a Nursory

Guarantee, is propagated, owned and controlled by

L. L. MAY fi CO., whose MAYFIELD NURSERIES

distinguished for exclusive productions, are the most Northern in America.
This latest triumph of apple culture— the pride of the State of Minnesota—
is named nfter ono of her beautiful silvery
lakes. “Minnetonka.” The fruit is very
lar go; flesh tender, crisp, sub-acid; the ideal cooking and choicest dessert
apple. “The Minnetonka” thrives luxuriantly and yields prolificnlly in
the most rigorous climate where all others fail. Season into, keeping
two months longer than the well-known "'Wealthy.” Hardy us it n oak. ’

WE nilAQAUTCE every tree of “The Minnetonka” to produce a
H k UUHnHH I kb bushel of fruit, and will replace, free of charge,
every tree that dies before this result is obtained.

PRICES— 4 to 5-foot tree, 75c ouch; 3 for $2; 6 for $3; 12 for $6; by express or
freight. Mail order size — ono year old, 40c each ; 3 for $1 ; 6 for $1.75, 12 for $3, postpaid.

Every owner of a home should havo ono or more of “ The Minnetonka,”
pride of the Northwest. Order today.

free uatalogue of SEEDS, TREES, PLANTS, Etc.

L. L. MAY & CO. - ST. PAUL, MINN.

MAYFIELD NURSERIES- MOST NORTHERN IN AMFRICA

urMinneton^
Guarantee-
Bushel of Fruity
from Every Tree/

NEW RED

PHENOMENAL RASPBERRY

BEATS THEM ALL.

GIVING A CRATE OF BERRIES TO A PLANT FOURTEEN MONTHS

FROM PLANTING.

Returns This Season Over $1,400 Per Acre.

The Berries are three inches long- and 3X inches in circumference ; they
will ship 1,000 miles easily. Acres and acres are being planted in California
for Canning Purposes, and the plants are in great demand. Send for
photograph, description and prices of tip plants.

Plants ready to ship from January 15th to April.

CALIFORNIA CARNATION CO., t

L. Box 103. Loomis, California.

[5 A T I _ D /"> O O _ Bred from selected bear

DHIl I LC I I O EL W IV ELL. DUdv# lng parents. The three
greatest, lilgli quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no
better pears than these. Our Tree Breeder (Free) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and
recommends safe kb ds only. Wo offer you SAFETY, and “ You can rest your minds at ease, In planting
tne ROGERS TREES.”

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y.

0 n n finn APPIFTRFFQ 6 to 7 ft. llcts. each, 6 to 6 ft. 9 cts., 4 to 5 ft. 7cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5cts., 2 to 3 ft,
ZUUfUUU HllLt I IILLO| one year old. lets. 5,000 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 KiefTer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Scale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and packing free; present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple. Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, Penna.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. Asparagus Roots and Seed
Potatoes In assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata¬
logue with cultural Instructions Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too 1 -rge or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting — Advice in selections and
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY

Originated at Ottawa, Can., now on the market for
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the
hardiest, most productive, and best all-round berry
in existence. Tbe notes for 1994 from Central Ex¬
perimental Farm, Ottawa, are; '•Very strong grower,
good crop, fruit large to very large, bright to deep
red. moderately Arm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good
flavor, good to very good quality; promising from
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for
shipment. Yield from 12 plants, 50 baskets of fruit.”

For further Information, write,

W. J. KERR, Nurseryman,

Renfrew, Ontario, Can.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

have certain grades and varieties of Japan Plums.
Pears, Peach, Apple a .. tl Sour Cherry in sur¬
plus, and until same is reduced will quote special
price. When you write name what you want, in
variety and grade you can use. Catalogue free.

J. H. HALE’S

Fruits and Plants

are among the best in America. If you want
all kinds of berries, peaches, apples, plums,
chestnuts, asparagus, rhubarb, etc., for home
or market, send for free catalogue. Or if
ivanting to double straioberry crop without
expense of new plants or fertilizer , address

J. H. HALE, SOUTH GLASTONBURY, CONNECTICUT

JAPAH WALHUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees.
Frulta at 2 yearn, 7 by mail $1.00.

STAYMAN’S WINESAP, foKSVPHS:

Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. UAKNHART, Denton, Maryland

TRus

Fruit Tree*, Small Fruit*, Ornamental Tree*,
Evergreen* and Shrub*, ShudeTree*, Hardy
Bows, llurdy Plant*. Climber*, etc. The
most complete collection* in this country.

Gold Medal — Paris— Pan-American—

• St. Louis. 102 prizes New York State
Fair, 1904.

Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue
FREE on Request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

‘ Mt. Hope NurticrlcM, ltochcttter, N. Y.
Drawer lo Ji I Katubllnhed 65 Year*.

15. 3, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

VEST MICHIGAN TREES

arc “bred for bearing.” $ That’s why we
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also iasures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. y>e sell direct at
wholeanle prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

* Box 34, Benton Harbor, Sielu

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otnerstoek
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, naming this Special Offer.
GKO. J. KELLOGG <& SONS, Janesville, Wis.

Trees and Plants

Complete assortment of choice,
well-grown Fruit, Nut, Shade
and Ornamental Trees, Small
Fruit Plants, Shrubs and Vines.

Illustrated descriptive catalogue
free.

T. E. STEELE,

Pomona Nurseries,

Palmyra, New .Tersev.

GRAPE VINES

Cnrrants, Gooseberries, Black-
berries, Raspberries, Straw*
berries. Price List FREE.

Send So lump for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T. S. HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4,

1 74

UNFRUITFUL APPLE TREES.
What To Do With Them.

I purchased apple trees from a reliable
nurseryman 13 years since. The trees are
thrifty, and should bear from two to three
barrels to the tree. Some have blossomed
and borne a worthless lot of fruit, not. at
all true to name. Quite a quantity of the
trees have never shown a blossom. Some of
the trees I have worked over, but do not wish
to cut them back until 1 find if their fruit
is of value. What can 1 do to induce fruit-
inf:? These trees are in sod along the high¬
way : have been manured with stable manure
at times, but are now in stiff sod.

New York. readkii.

I would by all means work over the
trees, especially those which have shown
worthless fruit, to varieties of known
value. H. s. WILEY.

Cayuga Co., N. Y.

I would take three years in which to
topwork to desirable varieties. If heroic
treatment is needed, plow ground during
growing season. This pruning of both
root and top would have a tendency to
produce fruit buds. E. w. catchpole.

Wayne Co., N. Y.

I could tell better what to do with
the roadside trees were I to see them,
but judging from the description of the
trees, and their condition, I would say,
give them a good mulch of very coarse
manure, enough to break up the tough
sod. T. B. WILSON.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

I have been successful in throwing
trees into bearing by partially girdling
same with a sharp knife when the sap is
flowing freely in June. The point of a
knife inserted in the bark and run around

MICHIGAN FARM BOY.

the tree at this season I should think
would produce the result desired.

Ontario Co., N. Y. s. d. willard.

I am of the opinion these trees have
been rather severely pruned. This would
tend to promote wood growth and defer
fruiting, and possibly the fertilizing was
done in the Spring, which also promotes
wood growth. The remedy is to reverse
the order; stop the pruning, and apply the
stable manure in July, after wood growth
has stopped for the season. This will
tend to strengthen the fruit buds. Fol¬
low this with a good poison, spraying in
the Spring when fruit buds are commenc¬
ing to swell to avoid damage from bud
moth, and be sure not to pasture off the
aftermath of grass that forms on the
sod. GRANT G. HITCHINGS.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

If I wanted to find out what kind of
apples they would bear I would cut out or
head in the leader limbs quite severely.
This, I think, would throw them into
bearing the next year, but it seems to
me the better way would Be to go to some
orchard that had some good variety of
apples suitable to that section, and select
trees while in bearing, mark the trees, and
select from those trees that bear the
most perfect specimens of the variety,
also the trees that are of the best type,
most perfect shape, and vigorous growth,
best in every way, and from them
cut scions with which to graft or top-
work the trees along the road. If the
trees are adding to their growth each
year a goodly amount of wood, continue

them in sod; if not, mulch them with
something to start growth.

Niagara Co., N. Y. WM. H. outwater.

I believe the failure of the trees in
question to bear fruit to be a dispensa¬
tion of Providence to discourage the
planting of apple trees along the highway.
While in theory the practice is feasible,
it is practically, in many instances, a per¬
fect nuisance. The average farmer who
plants apple trees by the roadside has
such an aversion to cutting off a limb
that might bear him a few apples that
they are allowed to encroach on the
highway, and he will not cut them until
travelers begin to break them off, and
then cuts so sparingly that the ugly pro¬
jecting stubs are a greater menace to
buggy tops than the whole limbs. If,
however, I had these trees and was fully
determined to keep them from intruding
on the rights of the public, I would top-
work them, cutting back quite severely,
and use scions from trees known to be
prolific and regular bearers.

Wayne Co., N. Y. j. o. wadsworth.

Before spending any effort upon the
trees to induce fruiting, I should want
to be pretty certain whether they are
budded stock or common seedlings. If
the latter they ought to show it by the
looks of the wood and their manner of
growth. At any rate, I should cut off a
few of the twigs, both from the two-year
and one-year-old growth, and mail them
to the Department of Agriculture dt
Washington, and, in all probability, tlie
Botanist could inform the inquirer
whether they were true to name. He
could tell more certainly if a few of the
leaves were inclosed also. A franking
envelope or box would be sent the ap¬
plicant for this purpose so they could be
mailed free of charge. Having determined
that the trees were seedlings or worthless
varieties, I should inform the “reliable”
nurseryman that he could either send a
grafter to come and work them over
or bear the expense of so doing. A truly
reliable nurseryman ought to do this, to
say nothing about compensating the owner
for the loss of time on the trees. After
they are grafted they should need no
especial attention to induce fruiting, and
should begin to bear in three years.

Seneca Co., N. Y. w. a. bassett.

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No. 24(5 Plymouth Street, - - BROOKLYN, N. Y.

RELIABLE SEED CORN

Good Seed Corn should be above suspicion.

Richardson's Reid's Yellow Dent Boone Co. Wtiite

These stan-’ard varieties have been carefully grown and selected for
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Generous free samples and " Cornology,” a free booklet.

It answers all your questions.

Teaches how to get, big returns from a small investment.

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Peoria, Illinois Managrer

SEED CONNTNAT GNOWS IS SEED THAT
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SUCH A HOOA H-tO WA

Grown Only by the Western Seed Company, Shenandoah, Iowa

Try our Diamond Joe’s Seeds and see the difference between them and Cheap Seeds, all
such are dear even as a gift and ruinous to those who plant them. Don’t he fooled. Better be
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Address, WESTERN SEED COMPANY, Shenandoah, Iowa

Seeds

WHEN you sow, Sir, you want to reap, not sparingly, but bountifully,
that is eternally right. When you sow Salzer’s Seeds you are just
as sure of reapingahigcrop.asyoucan be of anything in this life, because
Salzer’s Seeds are full of life and vigor and producing qualities. They
must yield, drought, rain or elements notwithstanding.

MACARONI WH EAT

Yielded for thousands of farmers in 1904 from 30 to 80 bu. per acre,
of as line a Wheat as the sun ever shone on. Rust proof!

SALZER’S HOME BUILDER CORN

Positively the'higgest eared, earliest corn on earth. Yielded in Indiana.

157 bu.; Ohio, 160 bu., Tennessee, 198 bu.; Michigan, 220 bu.;aud South Dakota, 276 bu.
per acre. It is reallya marvelous corn. Sinks its roots deeply after moisture and
nourishment; grows like a weed, producing everywhere record-breaking crops.

BULLION DOLLAR GRASS AND TEOSINTE

Most, talked of grass on .earth, yielding 10 and 14 tons of elegant hay per acre, while
Tcosinte would be ashamed if it did not produce 80 tons of rich green food per acre.

SALZER’S NATIONAL OATS

The Oat marvel, giant In yield, and quality , nothing on earth quite like It. It will
revolutionize Oat growing. 150 to 300 bus. per acre, if you sow it in 1905.

SPELTZ OR EMMER

Most marvelous cereal and hay food on earth, producing from 60 to 80 bu. of grain,
and 4 tons of hay, as good as Timothy besides per acre.

^8 ONION SEED 60c A LB.

We are the largest Vegetable Seed growers in America, operate 5000 acres. Our
stocks are warranted. There are no earlier Radishes, Peas, Sweet Corn, Cabbage,
Cucumbers, Tomatoes, Potatoes, etc., than those grown from Salzer’s Seeds.

X®- 35 Packages Earliest Vegetable Novelties postpaid $1.00.

FOR IOc AND THIS NOTICE

we will send vou a lot of farm seed samples, fully worth 810.00 to get a start,
together with our mammoth 140 page Illustrated catalog. If you already have
our catalog, mention it, and we will send something else instead.

ABSOLyTELY*FREE

If you will send us the accurate address of three wide awake
farmers, to whom we can write, giving your name us reference,
so that we can mall to them our great plant and seed catalog,
we will send to you, free of all cost, our magnificent 140 page
catalog, and a package of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER

coming from tho highlands of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs, the
Sphinx and the Pyramids, the laud of luxuriuut verdure and
prodigal growth*. This Clover will astonish you.

You may send the three names on a postal card, with full address,
and be sure to give your name and address correctly when
■ending the three names. When writing us be Bure and
mention name of this paper.

JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse, Wis.

When writing he mr. »n<l mention this paper.— Editor,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 75

Harrows *5.80 Up

Cut this out nnd send to us
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalamazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

PrlCel6T00th Not Lined, *5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.30

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

“ 24 “ “ 8.75

Price, Lined

44 t*

. « 6.40
. 7.00

. 7.60

. 10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land In N. Y., Pa.,
W.Va., and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow»to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md.,for *1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can’t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm. It’s
free. CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

386 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich

HENCH’S

20th
Century

Steel Ball Coupling Pivot Axle
Cultivator ^Dcouorn

Planter and Fertilizer
Attach Complete in
One Machine.
Awarded

GOLD MEDAL

at World’s l'nlr, 8t.
Louis. A woiidcrful-
liiiprovemcnt ill culti¬
vators, combining every
•possible movement tf
gangs anil wheels re¬
quired. Easily changed
— to different stvles.
Thounnndslnuse. M’f’r'sof all kind of Ag’r’l im¬
plements. Agents wanted ; write for circular.

The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs.. York, Pa.

Potator
Success

with

ern Potato Implements.

Wo Make Them.

Machines to quickly nnd economically cut and
plant the seed, fertilize the soil, spray the grow¬
ing vines for bugs and blight and harvest and
assort the tubers. Thousands of customers in
every State in the Union and twenty foreign
countries. SO years the favorite. Illustrated
catalogue free. Gives valuablo information
regarding best way to handle the potato crop.

A5PINWALL MFC. COMPANY, ^

Dept. K ■ 28 Sebln Si., _ Jeckmon, Mich.

stillleadsallothers. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy.
Red Top, all kinds of Crass Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop¬
per for Crain. Sows 20 to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
.close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

NATIONAL

LESS TURNING,

more rapid work and no dead furrows. Right or
left hand Sulky right or left hand Walking
Plow. Works equally well on level land or side
hill, all soils. Ask your dealer to show you. If
not there, write us for full particulars and testi¬
monials.

BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 75, Chicopee Fall9, Maas.

POTATO MACH

B0WSHER MILLS

(Sold with or without Klevator.)

Fop Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped finders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNING.

7 wizen— 2 to 25 horse power. Ono stylo fot
wind wheel uao. ( Also make Sweep
4« rlnder* — Geared und lMuin.)

P. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

MAKE MONEY

pulling stumps, grubs.etc.,
.and clearing land for your-

_ self and others. Hercules

titump Fuller In the best*

Cxtalog FREE. H*rcul»s Mfg. Co.,D«pt. p$,C»nt*r»lll*.l».

AN “ODD SPELLS " GARDEN.

1 am employed in the city — hours 8. HO
to 2'/ hours daily are spent going to
and from my home in New Jersey. My
vegetable garden last year was 40 x 100
feet. The work was done by myself alone
nights, mornings and holidays. The land
was part of a cornfield the previous year.
Some of it was full of Witch grass, which
had not been much discouraged by its
former owner. I had no definite plan for
the garden on the start. The layout devel-
oned as I went along, and proved so satis¬
factory for a family of four with numer¬
ous visitors during July and August that
it will be followed quite closely this sea¬
son. No horse was used. A good spad¬
ing fork and plenty of elbow oil did the
plowing, and shook out enough quack
roots to give the plants a chance. A wheel
hoe, hand hoe, potato hook and more
elbow grease did the cultivating. The
wheel hoe deserves most of the credit, and
all the attachments were found useful.
The diagram shows the general layout.

The land was marked out in rows length¬
wise, and everything planted that way. No
“beds” were made, the idea being to have
clear sailing for the wheel hoe,, with as
little hand work as possible. Planting
cucumbers and squashes in rows is scarce-
. !y orthodox gardening, and when they be¬
gan to spread out that part of the row had
to be dodged in cultivating, hut with this
exception I could wheel the whole length
of the patch. As the soil is rather heavy,
no planting was done until April 9, when
Daniel O’Rourke peas and Golden Ban¬
tam sweet corn were put in, two rows of
each, beginning at north side. Other
plantings were made at intervals of 10
days, giving a complete succession. The
first week in May potatoes, early squashes
and beans were planted and cucumbers
two weeks later. Varieties found spe¬
cially satisfactory were: Corn, Golden
Bantam, Perry Hybrid, Country Gentle¬
man and Thorburn’s Eight-Rowed; pota¬
toes, Late Rose and Vermont Gold Coin;
peas, Daniel O’Rourke, Thomas Laxton,
Telephone and Champion; beans, Red
Valentine and Challenger Lima; celery,
Giant Pascal and New Rose; squashes,
Summer, Bush Lordhook and Crookneck ;
Winter, Gregory’s Delicious; tomatoes,
Beefsteak and Nolte’s Early; cucumbers,
Small Gherkin and White Spine. Radishes
were planted in the rows of peas and
other things wherever the soil was suit¬
able. This appeared to be just as satis¬
factory as having them by themselves.
Late cabbage and peppers were set be¬
tween the rows of potatoes. Turnip seed
was sown over the whole garden early in
July, but swarms of grasshoppers in Sep¬
tember ruined the crop. Onions, lettuce
and egg plants in small quantity were
grown in a detached plot. Wood ashes,
nitrate of soda and a complete garden
fertilizer (about 1 00 pounds of the latter)
were scattered around the plants at inter¬
vals. This garden was no record breaker
or model. The main point worth em¬
phasis is what can be done with a little
expenditure of time and labor when tilings
are so arranged that a wheel hoe can be
used to best advantage. The potato hook
was found superior to the hand hoe for
much of the close work abort plants.

H.

Little Brother: “Mr. Poseyboy, won’t
you go and stand before the window?’’
Poseyboy : “Certainly, my little man ; but
why?” Little Brother: “Oh, ma says she
can see through you. I want to see if I
can.” — Pick - M e-U p.

“Don’t you sometimes think that you
are too much attached to money?” “No,”
answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “If you knew
all the schemes to pry a man loose from
it, you’d realize that he has to be closely
attached.” — Washington Star.

THE

Tandem Garden

Lou Dillon CULTIVATOR

A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Saving garden tool ever Invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width
between) in an. instant. No wrench needed. Shallow, Medium or Deep Culti¬
vation obtained by simple movement of the foot. Works soil at an even
depth all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth,

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without one of our time savers. Built for the big gar¬
dener aud the little gardener. Used for any garden crop.

Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalog and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

Scliaitole Mnfg. Oo-

IDopartxnerLt O

MOBILE GARDEN CULTIVATORS

Four Complete Implements from one set of parts

“Mobile” cultivators embody a new principle— the SPRING FRAME—
which acts as steering gear and reduces the jar on the arms.

I t cuts weeds between plants as well as you can do it with
thumb and finger. Earth-treating tools maybe set at any
height or angle and shifted perpendicularly or sidewise. Iio-
move the tools, put on basket, box or barrel, and you liavo a
truck aide to carry several hun¬
dred pounds. Wheels adjustable
to any width; change from one
wheel to two

ONLY 2 BOLTS AND 4
SPUING KEYS TO SHIFT

Yon can convert in a few moments a “Mobile”
cultivator into a plow, hoe, rake, weeder, harrow,
truck or marker. “Mobile implements are fat-
superior to others without costing any more. Illustrated Booklet FREE.

The Mobile Garden Implement Mfg. Co., Box 124, Mt. Gilead, 0.

Twice the Garden-Half the Work

Dl _ X z"' „ _ J _ „ have done this for thousands of gardeners, and they will ’

rlanCl Ji. v&ruen loots tloitforj/o//. To be without them is like harvesting with

a sickle. Write to-day for our finely-illustrated l !*05
Planet Jr. Catalogue— a handbook making plain the way to easy, successful gardening. Mailed free.
Tells all about the entire Planet Jr. line. Including plain and combined seeders, wheel hoes, band and
walking cultivators, harrows, one ami two-horse riding cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc.

No. 25 Combined Seeder

In its various forms, meets perfectly, practically all requirements of garden work. It is a seeder, a
double wheel hoe, a cultivator, a plow, combined. Changes made instantly. Sows in
hills or drills, marks rows, kills weeds, loosens surface, cultivates all depths, fur¬
rows, ridges, etc. Works between or astride rows; to or from plants. Han¬
dles adjustable for height.

No. 16 Single Wheel Hoe

Is a light but extremely efficient hoe, performing a large variety
of service. May be fitted to work on both sides of row at
once. Its cultivator and rake attachments give it
a broad range of usefulness. Handles ad¬
justable. Strong and durable.

A boy can use it. A postal
brings the catalogue.

S. L. ALLEN & CO.,

Box 1107-v Philadelphia, Pa.

80. 16

Single
Wheel Prill

ACME

SIZES

3 to 1 y/i feet

Agents
Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns aud levels
all soils for all purposes.

Made entirely of cast
s. steel and wrought iron
Is — indestructible.

_ Catalog and booklet.

An Ideal Harrow” by
T HenryStewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 1 0 W. Wa.hlngton St., CHICACO. 240-244 7»h Avb. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1316 W. 8«h SI.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 216 1 Oth SI., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. W.lor and W. C.y Sta., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

PLEASE MK.NTlOJi THIS PAPER.

D0L1OACII PAT

Avoid Imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Freeof Saw Mills. 4 11. I*, and up. Shingle
Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Ilay
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoach M 111 Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

AW MILL

vv/r Of /t ? 1

ly t/ J / # # / /

rvr\ kst / /

Evans Potato Planter

Insures more barrels per acre, fewer
missed hills, and more ground planted
with one man or boy, than any Planter
on the market.

Theodore A. Richardson, of Mars Hill, Maine, says: "Tho
year 1902 was an ‘ot! year’ for large yields of potatoes.
However, I planted mine with an EVANS and raised 812
barrels on 8 acres of ground. I don’t think there was 20
missed hills on the whole piece. The year 1903. from 7 acres,
I raised 880 barrels. Thi EVANS Is light draft, plants the
seed just right, and is the best planter made. I know, for I
have used the others.”

THE BEST

POTATO

PLANTER

IN THE WORLD

Is what thousands ot user*
My, and the work of the
Planter proves it to be true

No trouble to answer ques*
tions. Write us for full
Information

If you are interested in GRAIN DRILLS, HARROWS, CORN
PLANTERS, CORN DRILLS, or One-Horse WHEAT DRILLS,
write for Free Catalogues.

SUPERIOR DRILL CO.

106 IVlonroe Street Springfield, Ohio

1 76

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 4,

A DWARF LIMA BEAN.

1 send the picture below to empha¬
size the product of my garden, a Dwarf
Lima bean. Last season (1903) it grew in
the same hill and alongside the pole which
carried a full vine of the Panniure variety.
It surprised me on clearing off the vines
and storing the poles October, 1903. As
I pulled the pole up with the attached
vine this little fellow seemed like an or¬
phan; his big brother that protected him
was gone. Through the season I had gath¬
ered from both without discovering this
little orphan. Carefully looking through

DWARF LIMA BEAN

his clothes, I found one ripe pod contain¬
in'' a single bean, which was planted last
May 21, with some misgivings as to re¬
sults. It grew and flourished as a sturdy
orphan should, maintaining its dwarf
character the entire season, not paying any
attention to its close neighbors on three
sides “to climb higher.” The crop was
gathered October 10, 1904; 27 pods, con¬
taining 69 beans. Four of the pods had
four beans each, two pods only with one
each ; the rest two and three beans respec¬
tively. Photographed behind this “or¬
phan stood a three-year-old Missouri
boy, a sturdy lad showing no indications
he will ever be a dwarf physically or men¬
tally. This dwarf bean stands erect, com¬
pact in growth; beans well inside the
bush. E. HOLLISTER.

Missouri. _

SOME ONION NOTES.

Cure for Maggot.

W. II. A., Manistee, Mich. — Is there a rem¬
edy for Onion maggot? The last two years
I planted one acre of sets they came up well,
and grew well for a while. The maggot got
in the root and killed the whole lot, also took
my seed onions the last two years, which Is
a big loss to me. I hunch all my onions for
market. Cutworms and wire worms damage
my crops ulso.

Ans. — The Onion maggot caused serious
damage in this section last season, and 1
would be glad if there was a remedy
which would be practical to use in field
culture, but beyond a little experimenting
in a small way on garden plots nothing
has yet been found. Carbolic acid emul¬
sion often gives satisfactory results. Dis¬
solve one pound hard soap or one quart
soft soap in one gallon boiling water; add
one pint of crude carbolic acid, and emul¬
sify by agitation. One part emulsion is
used in 30 parts water applied at the
root. I can say, however, that W.
H. A. need have no further fear
of cutworms if he will use the Paris-green
and bran mixture. To 100 pounds wheat
bran mix one pound of Paris-green, stir¬
ring in enough water thoroughly to
dampen all the bran, which can then be
sown broadcast like buckwheat. This
remedy he will find effectual.

Soil, Fertilizer and Yield.

Reader (No Address). — What Is the best
soil to raise onions? What is the best com¬
mercial fertilizer for onions? What is con¬
sidered a fair yield per acre? What is the
best variety to raise for the New York mar¬
ket? What kind of tool is best to harvest
them ?

Ans. — I should consider the best soil
in which to raise onions a deep loam well
enriched, though almost any well drained

soil is used by growers in this section.
For best results the ground should be
prepared in better condition than for av¬
erage farm crops; 2,000 pounds of a com¬
plete fertilizer having an analysis of say
four per cent ammonia, nine per cent
phosphoric acid and six or seven per cent
potash should be used, or one-half the
above quantity if a fair dressing of good
barnyard manure is used. Three hundred
bushels is a good average yield of onions
for one acre, though a yield of 500 or COO
bushels is not unusual where the condi¬
tions are favorable. The Southport strain
of Globe is the best variety to raise, and
always brings the highest prices in the
New York market. Our onions are all
pulled by hand, though there is a tool for
the purpose which cuts in under the
onions, which are then gathered in wind¬
rows with a rake. Joseph adams.

Connecticut.

Put the
Profit
in Your
Pocket

m

Squire's Daughter (to Gardener’s
Wife, who suffers from chronic rheuma¬
tism) : “Have you ever tried Swedish
massage, Mrs. Brown?” Mrs. Brown: “I
have heard say it be very good for the
rheumatics, Miss; but we don't grow it
in these parts.” — Punch.

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

75 Now Buys
Our Great

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Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’
FREE
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cost no less

_ — — _ - » than #50.00.

OUR FREE CATALOG SSlSSS

and business vehicles amt harness, a t lowest factory
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other make n of buyt/ien an between tnitshroomn and toad-ntooU.

Huy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
noinorothan t lie unknown. Write for cut aloR today.

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When You Buy a Carriage

buggy or harness direct from our factory you
do not have to pay the dealer a commission,
you put his profit in your own pocket. Our
plan of selling makes a saving of fully one-
unirC* ?r ^rom $r5 to $30 on every purchase.

I he advantage of buying high grade carriages
through the mails has been of inestimable
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and temtory. Ours is the only house in the
btate of Ohio selling direct to the consumer
who manufacture the vehicles and harness
they offer for sale. We take all the risk by

guaranteeing perfect satisfaction or refunding
money and paying freight charges both ways
We want every man who contemplates the
purchase of carriage, buggy or harness to
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THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Columbus, Ohio.

DIRECT TO YOU I’rlcea.

We are not jobbers or assam-
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n Qf)\ (VI VH'*8 build vehicles in our own
/ / fttCtory- Hy buyinK direct from

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with no middlemen’s
profit, you Ret every-
thinR that is latest, best
and most durable. Our

_ large freecataloRue tel 1s

RETA.LPR.CEtafTj

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We make 140 styles of vehicles from $22.50 up and
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W rite today for Free Money Savins' Catalogue

U. S. BUCCY &. CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and fleud 4 lluggy WheeU, Kie«l Tire on, • if?. 25
With Kuhbrr Tires, (tl&.OO. I mfg. wheels % to 4 in.
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75 ; Harness, $3.60. Write for
catalog. I.earu how to buy direct. Repair W heel* fcU.LO.

AV.R.r

W agou UmbrellA FltFE. ’

.BOOB, Cincinnati, O#

32 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

\\ e are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell-
ing to consumers exclusively.

We Have No Agents

/AY vVvC/VVvS/VyV'vVVVtVS

No. 628. Leather Top Bu^rgy with Leather s^y^es vehicles and
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but ship anywhere for ex¬
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Our large Catalogue la
FREE. Bend for It.

Elkhart Carriage (Eh Harness

No. 327. Canopy Top Surrey. Prlcecomplete
$73. As good as sells for $25 more.

Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
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guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
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HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

The WAGON to BUY.

labor,

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Your address on a postal will bring you freo catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES

Sold for

On 30 Days’
Free Trial
Plan

if

BUILT “ON HONOR

1905 SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL TOP
BUGGIES ARE GUARANTEED FOR TWO
YEARS JUST FOR THAT REASON.

■y^OULD we dare, even were we so inclined, slight the construction of
. . ®P*it Hickory Special Top Buggies and allow flaws
and deficiencies to creep in, when each and every buggy goes out with a
factory guarantee good for two years? No! Such a
policy would be ruinous to our business, for within a
comparatively short time letters of complaint would
flood our office and the profits on ourbusiness would
soon be swept away. It’s because we Know
that every stick of timber that enters into the mak¬
ing of our vehicles isspiithicKory (not sawed)
thoroughly seasoned and with the wear of iron in
it, and that all other materials used are the
best that money can buy, that we give this guar¬
antee. It’s because we employ the most skilled
// and competent workmen in the carriage trade
s/ / a \ \ // that we guarantee workmanship as well as rnater-

ials. Our buggy bodies have a 16-coat foundation
i/S, Pamt, oil and lead, and all woodwork is carried
100 days in pure oil and lead before priming. This
only gives you an idea of the almost infinite pains we
_ i*U i in every part our immense factory, to insure

dtrp?fUfhra/!«ihnoHh0d.S- arG uniq5f\ ,We do not do business with the jobber or the dealler.ly We ifa v e'noage n t s We deal with the neonle
H y.e^’it!!r5Uifi!.ud/VfCrt.SlnK m r.e la ) e Publications, and give them the benefit of the wholesale price. We have the powerful influe^ce^of
the editors back of us. who reinforce our guarantee with their own, affording their readers double protection During all the vears tiiat

Stkorv K users direc‘ ihr°1uYh advertising, not one editor has received a complaint from a ^ subscribed that Soli

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11 1905 Split Hickory Special is in a class by itself. Here are some of the exclusive features that place it there:

I.otifS Distance Gollingt) collar uxles, quick shifters, Padded Patent feather Dash, Rubber Padded Uniter itnt.

Irons, Fun length Storm Apron, No i Dost Quality Leather Quarter Top, all WooVBeadlinini i6 oun£?b?£t,

alJd Baolc,'SPri”6 Cushion and Panel Spring Back, Boot, Pull Length Velvet Carpet Arched of Dronned
Axles, Choice of any width of llody, Either Three or Four Bow Top. Rein forced Shafts with if eel and Corner Braces

Spring Wago^^ Ou?SphrH?ckoryffi^

tree wfcquJt. °f Sal®' qU°teS absohUuly lowest wholesale prices and Is elaborately illustrated. Sent

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING CO. (H. C. Phelps, Pres,) STATION 5290, CINCINNATI, 0.

1905.

i77

THF. RURAL NEW-YORKER.

FIGURES OF A KITCHEN CARDEN.

Would it not interest many amateur readers
If you could publish from some practical man
the distances between rows, and the distances
between plants or hills in the rows, at which
it would be best to plant a small home gar¬
den, such as is now usually planted with
some hand wheel “hill and drill seeder,"
and cared for with some hand wheel hoe?
I presume the various vegetables can be
advantageously planted much closer than
when the old methods were used? Another
Interesting inquiry is : IIow much space
need be planted with each vegetable, probably
to supply an average family of, say five,
under usual conditions, and with a fair yield?
Or, perhaps, a better way to put it, what
would be the probable yield, under ordinary
conditions, of 50-foot rows of each of the
following : Beaus, beets, carrots, corn,

onions, lettuce, parsnips, peas, potatoes, rad¬
ishes, spinach, turnips, and of live hills of
corn, cucumbers, cantaloupes, watermelons,
Summer squashes. Winter squashes, pump¬
kins, potatoes, tomatoes? I llnd most agri¬
cultural writers, instead of getting down to
practical facts and useful figures, are prone
to indulge in many words that don't mean
much. VILLAGER.

Cultivating in Rows.— There are two
general systems of handling the small
stuff in a kitchen garden, viz. : beds and
long rows. I use the row plan, having
found the results as good and the hand
labor less. The following rules and fig¬
ures apply to mellow soil moderately fer¬
tile. Closer planting may be practiced un¬
der specially favorable conditions, but
where the soil is at all heavy rows of
small vegetables should be IS or 20 inches
apart to avoid compacting the earth
around the plants. For a small garden
horse cultivation is unnecessary. The

wheel hoc wilh i,s variety of attachments
does excellent work. I put rows of beets,
onions, carrots, lettuce, spinach and sim¬
ilar small plants 16 inches apart. The
distance for sweet corn depends on va¬
riety and location as regards wind.
Where earthing up is necessary to keep
the stalks from sprawling 30 inches is not
too much. Where nearly level culture can
be given, 20 to 24 inches, according to
habit of growth, works well. It is claimed
that corn will stand up as well under level
culture as though hilled, but my experi¬
ence with small patches in a garden is that
some bracing up is desirable. Sweet corn
in drills should be thinned at least to six
inches apart. Snap bean rows of varie¬
ties like Red Valentine should be 24
inches apart to make picking convenient.
The plants should not be closer than three
inches. Pole beans need much more
room ; 2l/2 feet apart is not too much for
best results. Dwarf peas do well at 20
inches. B n sorts, like Champion, need
three feet, in order to get between them.
Space may be economized by planting the
brush varieties in double rows nine inches
apart, setting the brush between. I pre¬
fer thick drilling for most peas, one inch
apart, though some of the very high-bred
sorts need more room. Unless planted so
deeply as to need no hilling, 30 inches is
not too wide for potato rows, and when
one comes to hill up he will wish for
36 inches. If the latter distance is used,
late cabbage plants may be set between
rows. Plant potatoes 12 to 16 inches apart
in drill.

The Depth for Planting is largely de¬
termined by weather and texture of soil.
Under favorable garden conditions I cover
potatoes four to six inches; peas, four
inches ; beans, two ; sweet corn, one. Po¬
tatoes are not injured by nosing around

under ground for some time, but corn
should get out without delay. In wet
ground one-half inch is deep enough.
Beets need one inch of covering; carrots,
onions and seeds of that character, one-
half inch. Celery and similar seeds, one-
fourth inch. Seeds sending out a small
delicate shoot should have no more cover¬
ing than enough to secure germination. In
a dry time thorough firming of the cov¬
ering is an advantage. When fairly
moist many seeds may be sown on the
surface and merely pressed in. For shal¬
low sown seeds a screen of laths crossing
each other, leaving two-inch spaces, gives
the surface a constantly changing mixture
of sunshine and shadow, which prevents
burning the tiny shoots and roots. These
screens are easily made and a good sup¬
ply of them will do away with much
"planting over.”

Crop Quantities. — Regarding the latter
part of the inquiry, it is doubtful whether
anyone ever laid out a garden so that he
had just enough of everything. If beets,
carrots, etc., would guarantee to grow a
certain size, bugs and fungus pests keep
away, and the family appetite could be ac¬
curately predicted a correct estimate of
the space required could be made. The
following length of row has been found
satisfactory for a family of four who use
vegetables freely. Peas, 60 feet, one-
fourth dwarf and remainder tall ; beans,
snap, 30* feet, pole Lima, 25 hills of three
plants each : sweet corn, early, 30 feet, me¬
dium, 70, late, 30; beets and carrots, 10;
onions, 15; lettuce, 12; squashes, three
hills Summer, six Winter; cucumbers, six
hills; tomatoes, 25 plants, a good many
being used for catsup and canning. The
following yields have been observed from
10 feet of row; 15 beets; 17 carrots; 25
onions ; 100 radishes ; 12 heads of lettuce ;

string beans, one peck in three pickings;
dwarf peas, four quails in two pick¬
ings; Champion peas. Hi quarts in three
pickings; corn, 50 led of row. 100 cars;
potatoes, 125 feet of row, two barrels. I
shall try to keep an accurate record of
an equal amount this year to see what
variation there will be from above figures.
Good seed is half the battle with a
kitchen garden. Fertile soil, sunshine, and
showers, and every possible care with
hoe and fingers, cannot make a profitable
garden if poor seed be planted. It either
will not come up or will make such
wretched plants that one will wish it had
not. It pays to deal with first-class seeds¬
men, and even then to “rogue” their seeds
over before planting, throwing out under¬
sized or otherwise imperfect specimens.
Then the planter knows what he is do¬
ing, a reasonably even stand may be
had, and a great amount of “thinning”
done away with. H.

“I can’t take this,” said the street car
conductor, as he looked at the plugged
dime. “I’m sorry,” rejoined the passen¬
ger, “but that’s all I’ve got. If you don’t
want it give it to the company.” — Chicago
Daily News.

Old Party: “Boy, you’ll catch cold if
you get your feet wet in that puddle.”
Small Boy: “Dat’s what I’m after. I’m
agoin’ to speak ‘Spartacus to de Glad¬
iators’ at school on Friday an’ I wants to
git me voice hoarse.” — Chicago News.

Mother; “So you have been at the jam
again, Adolphus!” Son: “The cupboard
door came open of itself, mother, and I

thought - ” Mother: “Why didn’t you

say, ‘Get thee behind me, Satan’?” Son:
“So T did, mother, and he went and
pushed me right in.” — Town and Country.

“The World’s Best by Every Test.

Bradley’s

Fertilizers.

The Editor of the “ Vermont Watchman 99 says:

“ For us, having used the Bradley Fertilizers for farming, gardening, and fruit-growing for
nearly a quarter of a century, — meantime testing, and sometimes buying largely of other makes,
and many times buying the raw materials and mixing them ourselves, — we can and do unre¬
servedly state that they have the preference with us, inasmuch as 1 HEY HAY E NE\ ER
FAILED IN ANY SEASON, OR UNDER ANY CONDITIONS, TO GIVE US A
PROFITABLE RESULT. It is in using them that we have gathered our LARGEST
CROPS AT THE LEAST EXPENSE, so we may say that, with much experimenting, we
reach the conclusion that for us the BRADLEY FERTILIZERS STAND MRS 1 IN
ESTEEM AS HONEST, WELL-MADE, STRONG AND RELIABLE EVERY TIME."

Why Experiment, when Bradley’s Fertilizers Produce Results Like These ?

BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS

American Agricultural Chemical Co.

American Agricultural Chemical

92 State Street, Boston, Mass.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

February 25,

1 78

HOW TO DO IT.

Fumigation. — The following directions for
using hydrocyanic acid gas In a greenhouse (o
destroy the white fly are taken from a bulle¬
tin of the Ohio Experiment Station :

“We used one ounce of potassium cyanide
per 1,000 cubic feet of space and according
to the following formula : One ounce fused
cyanide of potassium: two ounces (by meas¬
ure) commercial sulphuric acid; four ounces
(by measure) water. In a house 100 feet
long and containing 16,000 cubic feet of space
four earthen jars were used. The 16 ounces
of cyanide were divided into four equal
parts' and placed in firm paper sacks. The
water was then measured and poured into
the vessels, adding the acid to the water (do
hot pour the acid into the vessel before put¬
ting in the water). After seeing that every
door except one was closed and locked or
fastened, we distributed the vessels about
equal distances apart down one aisle or path.
Starting at the end farthest from the door
from which he wished to make exit, the
operator took a full breath and hastily but
carefully dropped a sack into each vessel.
Then the exit door was quickly closed and
a notice posted so that no one would enter
the room -while the fumigation was going on.
To suspend the sacks by strings over the
vessels and allow them all to drop at once
from one end of the room would be a safer
means to employ. After about .10 minutes the
ventilators were raised slightly, and the gas
permitted to pass off. No one was permitted
to enter the room until the gas had had
plenty of time to escape; this required one
hour or more. The fumigation was done in
all cases after the sun had gone down and
when it was nearly or quite dark. It is
claimed by some authorities that to fumi¬
gate when the sun is shining adds to the
danger of damage to the foliage. The foli¬
age should be as dry as possible, as the
presence of moisture increases the liability
of injury to the foliage. If .there is no way
of ventilating from without, some means
should be provided before the fumigating is
done, as it would be very dangerous, and
perhaps fatal, for any person to enter while
the gas is present.

Boiler for Lime Sulphur. — The diagram

shows one side of a boiler I find conveni¬
ent for cooking the lime-sulphur mixture.
This is a piece of plank six to eight feet
long and 18 to 20 inches at widest point.
For bottom I use a sheet of heavy galvanized
iron 2% feet wide. In putting on the iron
start at center. The boiler may be mounted
on brick or stone in the ordinary way. I like
this boiler better than one with square bot¬
tom, as there are no corners, and the mix¬
ture may readily be stirred with a hoe.

b. c. F.

Ora ft i no Wax. — To four pounds of resin
and one of beeswax add one pint of linseed
oil ; put. in a heavy pot. melt slowly
and mix well ; pour inlo a tub of
cold water, and pull by hand until
it assumes a light color. Work inlo sticks,
and keen in a cool place until wanted. In
using, oil the hands, work the wax until soft,
and press it tightly around the grafts and
over the cracks.

Kerosene Emulsion. — For a fresh emul¬
sion the following can be prepared without
beat : Kerosene, one gallon ; sour milk, one-
half gallon. If sweet milk is used add a
little vinegar. Dilute one part emulsion to
nine (using cold water), for scale insects;
one part to 20 for soft, insects. Stock emul¬
sions do not keep long without separating.
The most stable and best emulsion can be
made with whale-oil soap, using from one-
half to one pound of the soap dissolved in one
gallon of hot water, and then adding two
gallons of kerosene, and churning or agitat¬
ing the hot mixture until it thickens up into
an emulsion. This should keep several weeks
without separating, but if it gets cold, in
order to dilute It. one should use at first
hot water. The soaps make much more stable
emulsions. Milk and the milk formulas are
very rarely used nowadays. For scale in¬
sects the above soap emulsion should lie di¬
luted at the rate of one part of the emul¬
sion to Ihree or four of water, and for plant
lice and similar insects with seven to nine
parts of water.

Destroving Weevil. — Treat grain or beans
with bisulphide of carbon as a fumigating
agent. Put in a tight bin: use one pint of
the chemical to 250 cubic feet air space.
Put the bisulphide in shallow dishes on top
of the grain ; close bln tightly for 24 hours,
and the heavy vapor sinks through the con¬
tents of the bin. This vapor is highly inflam¬
mable : no light of any kind should be brought
near It.

Treating Potatoes for Scab. — Soak the
seed for two hours in a solution of one-half
pint of formalin in 15 gallons of water.
After cutting dust the pieces with sulphur,
which reduces scab and preserves the seed
pieces.

Tarring Seep Corn. — Put about two quarts
of corn in a pail, cover with hot water, then
stir in two teaspoonfuls of tar. Stir for a
few minutes, then pour into a leaky pail to
drain. After draining sift plaster or dry
road dust over it, and it can lie planted by
the corn planter without trouble.

Soaking Oats for Smut. — Use one pound
of formalin (40 per cent) to 45 gallons of
water. Put the oats in sacks, and submerge
in the solution for 20 minutes, then lift out
and drain for 10 minutes, after which the
oats are spread on barn floor, and dried lor
04 (o 36 hours before sowing, shoveling over
several times to aid drying and avoid heat¬
ing.

Seed Testing. — A simple and satisfactory
germinating apparatus for testing seeds con¬
sists of two soup plates, one used as a cover,
and two layers of cloth to hold the seeds.
Place one piece of cloth in the lower plate,
lav the seeds on this, cover with the other
doth and then invert the other plate over
it -Keep the doth moist but not wet. From
10 to 1-1 davs will be sufficient to germinate
most viable' seeds, except Bermuda grass,
rye grass and Timothy, which will take 28
davs. Count the seeds before experiment be¬
gins, that, the percentage germinating may be
known.

Boilep Lime and Sulphur. — Lime, salt
and sulphur mixture, made by boiling one
hour bv steam, using perforated pipe coil in
bottom' of tank, sprayed warm on San -lose
scale lust before the buds begin to swell in the
Spring will positively kill every scale it
coats without any Injury whatever to apple,
peach, plum or pear trees. Salt may not im¬
prove the killing qualities, but seems to add

adhesive power and show's better on the
trees. The latter is a factor in making sure
that every part of the tree is coated. Steam
boiling is best for convenience, and if per¬
forated coil is properly arranged will pre¬
vent settling of the material while cooking.
The properly boiled mixture will stay in
effective condition several days, but works
better warm. Some damage has been re¬
ported from using in the Fall and early Win¬
ter. A New Jersey orchardist gave the fol¬
lowing good advice on page 53 :

“My formula is as follow's : 17 pounds

flowers of sulphur, 34 pounds wood-burned
lime. 13 pounds salt. I think it is quite es¬
sential to have the lime wood-burned, as it
gives off more heat than that burned with
coal. I use three gallons boiling water to
make the sulphur paste, adding the sulphur
as I stir, and stirring until sulphur is all
dissolved. I use a cut-down oil barrel to
slake the lime in; put lime in barrel, having
heavy blankets handy to cover, then pour on
the iime 12 gallons of boiling water; cover
the barrel until boiling starts (which will
be almost immediately) : then add the sul¬
phur paste. Cover again, inserting a hoe
under the blanket to stir with, but stir only
enough to keep the lime from burning, and I
am very careful not to have my hands or
wrists bare, for the steam is so intensely hot
it would scald any exposed flesh. I let this
mixture cook 20 minutes, then add 13 pounds
salt, stirring a little. Next I strain the
mixture into a 50-gallon cask, hanging strain¬
er on the side of cask. Strainer is a home¬
made affair, consisting of a square wooden
frame with common wire fly netting nailed on
bottom. This strainer must be emptied of its
dregs tw’o or three times while running the
mixture through. All these lixtures are on
a platform as high as the wagon box. so
I can stand on platform, and dip mixture
easily with metal pail or pour in spray barrel
on wagon alongside.”

Lime Sulphur Without Boiling. — To
make the wash without boiling the same pro¬
portions of lime, sulphur and water were
used as given in the formula published in the
Station bulletins, namely, 40 pounds of lime,
20 pounds of ground sulphur and 60 gallons
of water. In place of the salt either Bab¬
bitt's potash or a ground commercial caus¬
tic soda were used in proportion varying
from one-fourth to one pound to each pound
of sulphur. The former amount seemed to
be sufficient. The caustic soda seemed to
give as good results as the potash and is
cheaper. The lime was slaked in a conveni¬
ent receptacle, much pains being taken to
keep it slaking rapidly. When the slaking
was well under way the sulphur, which had
been mixed with water into a rather thin
paste, was stirred in quickly. The potash or
caustic soda was then added while the stirring
was being continued. More water was added
as needed, to keep the chemical action vig¬
orous, and the whole was stirred rapidly.
As soon ns the caustic compounds were added
the mixture changed <0 a reddish brown color
caused by the sulphur solution. As soon as
all bubbling had ceased, enough cold water
(hot water would probably lie better), was
added to make the right preparation, and this
was sprayed upon the trees at once. The
wash made after this method had the same
general appearance as the boiled lime-sulpbur-
salt wash, and seemed to spray and adhere
to the trees as well.

Quick Lime-Sulphur Mixture. — First
empty into a tub or barrel 15 pounds
of sulphur and one bucket of water, and
stir until the sulphur is made into a paste,
all lumps being broken up. Now add 30
pounds of good lump lime. This will soon
commence to slake, and should be kept well
stirred that the sulphur material may lie
evenly distributed. Water should be added
as needed to keep' the mixture in the form
of a rather stiff paste. Just as soon as the
lime has slaked, stir in six pounds of pow¬
dered caustic soda. A violent boiling action
immediately takes place, which turns the
mixture from an orange to a brick red color.
With the addition of enough water to make
50 gallons of mixture, the preparation of the
wash is complete. To use, strain the mix¬
ture to remove the coarse particles of lime.

Bordeaux Mixture. — Four pounds copper
sulphate and the same of lime, unslaked, to
40 gallons of water. Dissolve the copper by
hanging in an old sack in a barrel containing
part of the water. Slake the lime, dilute and
strain into the copper solution. The best
way is to have a stock preparation of both
lime and bluestone, so that it may be meas¬
ured out. mixed and diluted without extra
work. Eight ounces of Baris-green or four
ounces arsenite of lend may be added ns an
Insecticide. Baris-green should be mixed
into a paste, and the lead, which is putty¬
like, should be thinned to a cream, before
being added to the Mixture. When the lime
is added to the copper, test it with ferro-
cyanide of potassium to see whether the
strength is right. Dissolve five cents’ worth
of ferrocvanide in a pint of water, keep in
a bottle 'marked BOISON, and put a quill
through the cork so a few drops may be
shaken out at a time. Shake a few drops
into the mixture: if they turn brown as they
touch it add more lime: add lime until the
ferrocyanide gives no color as it touches the
surface.

Dry Bordeaux Mixture. — Materials: Six
pounds copper sulphate (bluestone), four
pounds good quicklime, two four-gallon quan¬
tities of water, about 100 pounds of dry,
slaked lime. Make this by slaking a barrel
of quicklime (less the above four pounds) to
a fine dry powder with water, or by expos¬
ing it to' the air. A sieve, about 15 to 18
inches across, made of wire cloth having
25 to 30 meshes to the linear inch. Brace
its bottom with cross wires. A wooden block
of convenient size to rub the material through
llie sieve, sav 3x6x1% inches. Directions:

1 Dissolve six pounds of copper sulphate
in four gallons of water. 2. Use part of
four gallons of water to slake four pounds
of good quicklime to a fine state, and then
add the rest of the water, thus making a
milk of lime. 3. Pour the copper sulphate
and the milk of lime at the same time into
a third vessel and stir until there are no
streaks of green material in the blue mass.
4. Spread upon a floor about 11)0 pounds of
dry slaked iime and empty the blue mass,
water and ail (3) into it. Mix well with a
rake, and while it is still somewhat damp
pass It through the sieve, rubbing it through
with the block held in the hand. 5. Mix
thoroughly with a rake and spread out to
dry. When dry it is ready for use. Its cop¬
per strength is approximately equivalent to
that of the “4-6-50” liquid Bordeaux Mix¬
ture. It is handier to make it in lots of the
above quantity, although larger quantities of
copper sulphate may be dissolved at one
time and four gallons of the solution taken.
This powder is good for fungi only, but if
canker-worms are to be fought one to two
pounds of Baris-green (very tine) may be
mixed with the above quantity of finished
powder.

THE ORCHARD MONARCH

AUTOMATIC CDDIVED
power arltJIYEIt

With New improvements for 1905 .

The heavy pressure blows the liquid out of the nozzles in a fine misty vapor which
thoroughly saturates the] foliage, but uses the liquid with the greatest economy. Most
thorough agitation, all Brass working parts, and Automatic Brushes for cleaning sucti n
strainers, are special features. Powerful, efficient, durable and swift. If you have ten acres or
more to spray, you can not afford to be without this MONA KCH. We also make the famous
EMPIRE KINO IIANI) sprayer, and the VV A TS ON-4-RO W High pressure Potato Sprayer.

8EKTID FOIL CATALOGUE “33.”

FIELD FORGE PUMP GO.

ELMIRA, - - - NEW YORK

1A7 A I 1 AfC POWER

HALLAvl sprayer

R.e&d This Letter

Won Gold Medal at St. bouls. Automatic.
Compressed Air. Heady mountedor separate
power to lit any wagon or tank.

SAVE

$20 a
Day

Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 10th, ’05.
Wallace Machinery Company,

Champaign, ill.

Pear Sirs: The Duplex complete outfit wo bought
of you last May lias given us good results both on
Small Fruit, Grapes, (Quinces, Fears and Cherries,
and on our large old trees. We had no trouble to
keep up high pressure at all times. We did work in
ten hours in much better shape than ever before
that would have taken a week to do the old way.
On all our small fruit we used hut the one pump
which gave us all the pressure needed. Wo would
not think of oxchanging It tor ■ Stoam or Cos Ma¬
chine, as ours is always ready and it coats noth¬
ing to run It. F. K. LA NS ILL, Pres.

I. O. O. F. Home, Lockport, N. Y.

Write for Booklet O.

Wallace Machinery Co., CKa.mpa.ign, III.

DEFENDER

SPRAYER

Powerful, all brass,
easy to use. Quick
sellers. Treatise ou
Spraying & Catalog
of Spray Pumps free.
Write to-day. Agents
wanted.

J.F. GAYLORD,
Box 78, CatskUh, N. Y.

Good Fr\iit

Versos Bad

Is the subject at issue and 110
wide awake farmer will doubt
which is more desirable.

The Spramotor

absolutely insures you 80% of an
increase in the crop from your
orchards. The Spramotor pays for itself many
times over which is better than costing you
nothing. Don’t confuse it with Spray Pumps.
Write for Booklet (A). Full particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO.

GET THE BEST

Buffalo, N.Y. London, Canada.
AGENTS WANTED.

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits und lasts for years.

THE ECUPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
i their defects and then in-
: vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
i success practically forced us
; into manufacturing on a

• large scale. You take no

• chances. Wo have done all
i the experimenting.

Largo fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FKEE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

SAVE TREES BEFORE DISEASED

by spraying, and thus add to your profits. Use THE
PERFECTION 8PKAYEU for all Insects and fungi.
Sprays everything. Saves its cost in one season.
Combined hand and horse power. Catalogue FKEE.
THOMA8 PKPPLEK, 0x45, Hlghtstown , N.J.

YING

brings fruits and flowers. Wemake
the right appliances. Special adapta¬
tion to every need.

HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP¬
SACK and POWER SPRAYERS.

SO styles. Norites, hose, attachment! , formulas,
every spraying accessory. W rite for free catalog

The Doming Co., Salem, O.

Wcetern Agent., Uenton j Hubb.il, Chicago.

MADE $17 25 J

in spare time and homo coun- rifTT'''
ty. You may do as well.

Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

witli new spring shut-off. Catch a
good tiling quick. Write for free
sample plan and full particulars

Rochester Spray Pump Co., 16 East A»e., Rochester, N.Y.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

1!I0S.

1 79

UMOID AND KEROSENE.

During the past few months The R.
N.-Y. has had considerable to say about
the K.-L. mixtures — brought to notice by
Prof. C. P. Close, of the Delaware Sta¬
tion at Newark. A year ago we gave
the experience of Win. Dickson, but Prof.
Close is entitled to the credit for working
out the details of this promising insecti¬
cide. Lack of space prevents our giving
full details here. These will be found
in a bulletin soon to be issued by Prof.
Close.

In brief, the K.-L. insecticides are

formed by mixing limoid with kerosene.
“Limoid” is a dry, slaked magnesium
lime stone, ground into a very fine pow¬
der. There appears to be no chemical
action when kerosene is mixed with the
limoid, but the limoid takes up the kero¬
sene and holds it firmly so that when
sprayed upon a tree the oil is retained.
We all understand that kerosene is de¬
structive to many forms of insect life.
'I'he danger in using pure kerosene is
that it often injures or kills the tree, or
the buds and leaves. The sprayers which
are supposed to throw a mechanical mix¬

ture of kerosene and water do not always
operate properly, and the oil evaporates
rapidly. The same is true to a less ex¬
tent of kerosene emulsion. The object
in using the limoid is to put the kero¬
sene evenly over the tree in such strength
that it will not be injurious, and still
stick until its work is done. This limoid
was used in making the “cold water
paints” which were sold some years ago,
so that we can realize how it will hold
the kerosene up to its work.

Preparing the K.-L. mixture is easy
compared with making or spraying lime

salt and sulphur. The accompanying pic¬
ture shows Prof. Close and his assist¬
ant mixing the materials. To make a to
per cent mixture pour 2/ gallons or
10 quarts of kerosene into the barrel and
add to pounds of limoid. Mix them well
together with a paddle or hoe, and if
need be, add enough limoid to take up all
the free oil which rises to the top. Then
add water and keep the mass thoroughly
stirred up. The total amount of water
required is 22/ gallons or 00 quarts.
The kerosene and the water added to¬
gether make too quarts, with one pound

of limoid to each quart of kerosene. A
20 per cent mixture would lie 20 quarts
kerosene and so quarts water with 20
pounds of limoid — and so on. It is ab¬
solutely necessary that the limoid be
thoroughly mixed with the kerosene.
Otherwise there will be more or less free
kerosene sprayed out — to the injury of the
trees. If the mixing is thoroughly done
every spoonful of the limoid will carry
its true proportion of kerosene. The
picture shows how Prof. Close mixes
the materials. A pump with its agitator
is put down into the liquid with the hose
running back into the barrel. Five min¬
utes hard pumping of the liquid out of
the barrel and back stirs it up thoroughly.
We have done this work by churning the
liquid with a wire handle like a churn
dasher, but the pump is much better. The
mixture is sprayed in the usual way,
requiring much the same power as lime
and sulphur. The limoid is also used
in making Bordeaux Mixture, or with
Paris-green, but we advise a trial of
the K.-L. mixture alone. Ten and possi¬
bly 12'/ per cent mixtures can be used
in Summer, but for a trial we advise a
20 per cent mixture the latter part of
March in this latitude, or when lime
and sulphur would naturally be used.
Fhe cut on the right shows a peach tree
sprayed with K.-L.

One should be conservative in advising
the use of a new insecticide, but the K.-L.
mixture certainly seems worth a trial.
Prof. Close’s experiments are very en¬
couraging. He gives the following state¬
ment of advantages of the K.-L. mixtures:

They are easily made without any heating
of materials; are moderate in cost; are not
disagreeable to handle except when caustic
soda is used ; have no unpleasant odor;
can be sprayed through the finest kind of
nozzle without clogging if foreign matter is
kept out : do not necessarily require strain¬
ing: are effective and adhere well : can lie ap¬
plied at any lime during the year: are ab¬
solutely uniform in percentage of kerosene:
can lie used against all sucking insects, and
we hope against biting insects and fungus
diseases also, all in one application; and can
lie distinctly seen on I lie irees so a careless
nozzleman can not hide a poor job. Another

special advantage is the spreading of (lie
spray on the bark like the spreading of oil
on paper. This is especially desirable on
fuzzy twigs like those of the apple.

Mr. Charles Black, of New Jersey, used
various spraying mixtures, and sent
sprayed twigs to Prof. J. B. Smith, of
New Jersey. Prof. Smith made the fol¬
lowing report:

The result of the examinations made is as
follows: Lot No. 1, several pear twigs marked
sprayed November 30 with "Consol” ; seven
twigs were examined and 369 scales were
tested: of these 122 were alive. Lot No. 2,
portions of ihree peach branches marked
caustic soda, sprayed November 23, 12 pounds
to 50 gallons of water : four twigs were ex¬
amined, 156 scales were investigated and 81
were certainly alive. I.ot No. 3, pear twigs
marked limoid and 20 per cent kerosene,
sprayed about November I ; five twigs were
examined, 269 scales were investigated and 1 1

PEACH TREE SPRAYED WITH K.-L.

of these were alive. Of the 11 five were on
one twig in one place, and seemed as if they
had been missed in the application. This
will probably give you t lie information you
want and while none of the applications were
entirely effective, the third, that is. the lim¬
oid and kerosene is by all odds the most
effective of the three. joiin b. smith.

Mr. Black writes us that he has decided
to depend on limoid and kerosene alone
this year.

DON’T LET THE

SAN JOSE SCALE

DESTROY YOUR TREES. SPRAY WITH

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH

AND BE SURE TO USE

BERGEN PORT

SUBLIMED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR.

This brand is prepared especially for
Spraying purposes: insist on having it.
Ask your dealer, or write to

T. & S. C. WHITE CO.,

28 Burling Slip, Now York.

SPRAYING FRUIT TREKS.

The question of spraying fruit trees to pre¬
vent the depredations of Insect pests and
fungus diseases is no longer an experiment,
but a necessity.

Our readers will do well to write Win. Stahl,
Box 70-.J (Quincy, 111., and get his catalogue
describing twenty-one styles of Spraying Out¬
fits and full treatise on spraying the different
fruit and vegetable crops, which contain much
valuable information, uud may be had free.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

SAN JOSE SCALE

San Jose Scale on a Bear,

lus,

“H0RICUJVT

LUS.

TRADE MARK

THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

Foe Fall or Spring Use

We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will rot kill all the
scale. Many of them get under the rough bark. They are very minute,
but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale a plague like the plagues
of Egypt.

“Horicum” is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use
Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS

Flshkill-on-Hudsoti, - - NEW YORK

LEGGETT’S DUSTERS

DISTRIBUTE INSECTICIDES IN DUST FORM,

ami have been the means of saving Fruit and Vege¬
table Crops when other methods were unavailing.

NO BARREL OF WATER TO HAUL

Two acres of Potato or Tobacco Vines dusted per
hour.

$3.50 AND UPWARD

AGENTS WANTED

Leggett & Bro., 301 Pearl St., New York

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co . 118 West Water St., Syraouse,N V

HYflRATPn I IMP *‘or mixing with kerosene
II I UllHiLU LI III L and water to kill the Sail
Jose Scale. Spray the trees and roses on lawn, in
garden or field. Cleans the trees and bushes. Ef¬
fective, sure death to scale. Save the trees. Cata¬
logue Free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown. N. J.

™’„Sow' AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump. It can, however,
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R. H. Deyo & Co.. Binghamton, N.Y.

What Do You Want

in Fertilizers this year ? Don’t pay agents’ profits
for goods not adapted to your soil or crops.
Have your Fertilizers Made to Order from best
materials. Special formulas for special crops,
if desired. E. E. BURWELL, New Haven, Conn.

(Market Gardeners’ Specialist.)

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD'S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thlssoaplsa Fertlllzeras well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, 14.50; half barrel,
3701b.,3&cperlb; barrel,4251b.,8t£o. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

BH0DES DOUBLE OUT

PRUNING SHEAR

Cuts from
both sides of
limb and does
not bruise
the bark.

We pay Ex¬
press charges
on ail orders.

Write for
circular and
prices.

423 West Bridge St., GRAND RAPI0S, MICH.

PAT.

RHODES MFC. CO.

Make Your Own Fertilizer

at Small Cost with

’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 II. P. Also Bone Cut-
ter», hand and power, for the poul-
trymen; Farm Feed Mill*, lira-
hum Flour Hand Mills, Urlt uud
Shell Mills. Send for catalogue.
WILSON KUOS.. Sole Mfrs.,
lh-pt. II, Fuatou, Pa.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country In the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still In active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

Sf. Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Button

•to Dearborn St., Clitraitu. 6a2 Oral* St., Montreal, S.

40 N< rtti Ub St , Philadelphia. 21 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuleute-Key 11, Havana. Cuba.

March 4,

I$0

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Cultivated Ginseng Not Liked. — Indi¬
cations are not lacking that the ginseng
craze, so far as the speculative trade in
seed and young plants with eager ama¬
teurs is concerned, is about over. Sensa¬
tional claims are still made of the vast
profits to be gained from this plant, bul
the unpleasing fact is now evident that
cultivated American ginseng meets a
chilly reception in China, very few sales
being made at anything like the price re¬
ceived for the wild root. It is claimed
garden-grown root does not cure well by
ordinary means, and consumers fear that
it lacks the special virtues attributed to
the wild article. As chemists and occi¬
dental medical investigators find no qual¬
ities in ginseng not possessed in greater
degree by ordinary licorice root, its sole
utility lies in the value placed on it by the
imagination of the Celestials. When the
Chinese had access only to the ginseng of
their own country, where it grows quite
sparingly, they had the most extravagant
notions of its medical virtues and will¬
ingly paid its weight in gold for the first
shipments of American root that reached
them. The price of imported ginseng in
China has ever since been declining, not¬
withstanding the exhaustion of wild col¬
lections, and it seems that confidence in
its medical efficiency must be weakening.
At any rate, cultivated root from this
country will have to be cured in a more
acceptable manner than at present if it is
to be grown and exported at a profit.
Already our more conservative ginseng
growers advise curtailment in the output
of seeds and the sale of young plants,
'they also deprecate the further exploita¬
tion of ginseng as a “get-rich-quick” crop,
and are endeavoring to put it on the basis
of a legitimate commercial culture to re¬
place an exhausted natural resource.

Golden Seal in Place of Ginseng. —
The National Department of Agriculture
has been investigating the cultural possi¬
bilities of golden seal, a plant in great
and growing demand for its sterlino- med¬
ical qualities, and which is now threat¬
ened with virtual extinction in its wild
state. Unlike ginseng, there is no ques¬
tion as to its high medicinal value. Golden
seal has been used with excellent effect
since the settlement of North America as
a tonic for the digestive organs and as a
healing application to the various mucous
surfaces. Something over 50 years ago
golden seal became an article of com¬
merce, and its use has been constantly in¬
creasing throughout the civilized world.
Chemists have been able to extract from
its rhizome or rootstock the valuable ac¬
tive principles hydrastin, berberin and
canadin. The drug is now largely used
in these concentrated forms and in a fluid
extract rather than in the crude state as
formerly. Bulletin No. 51, Bureau of
Plant Industry, United States Department
of Agriculture, is devoted to this interest¬
ing plant, and contains an account of cul¬
tural experiments successfully carried out
at the Washington trial grounds.

What is Golden Seal? — Golden seal,
Hydrastis Canadensis, is a dwarf member
of the crow-foot or Ranunculus family,
formerly growing in greater or less
abundance in rich open woodlands over a
great portion of the eastern United
States, ranging from Georgia and Mis¬
souri to New York and Minnesota. It is
a perennial plant, sending up two good-
sized palmate leaves about a foot high.
j ne solitary flower is greenish-white, in¬
conspicuous and very short-lived, followed
by a fruit much resembling a large, bright
red raspberry. This berry is not edible,
but gives the occasional name of ground-
raspberry to the plant, and contains a
number of small black seeds that are very
slow to germinate under garden condi¬
tions. The valuable portion is the short,
thickened rhizome or rootstock, which is
yellow and generally marked with several
seal-like scars where the leaves of former
years have fallen away. When dried these
rootstocks run from one to two inches in
length, and from one-eighth to one-third
inch in diameter, and form the golden seal
of commerce. The price of golden seal
has fluctuated widely for the last 10 years,
owing to alternate scarcity and over sup¬
ply, as well as manipulation of the mar¬
kets, from 17 cents a pound in August,
1895, to $1.50 a pound in August, 1904.
The tendency for several past years has
been towards better prices, and is likely
to increase rather than diminish until the
cultivated root is put on the market in
quantity.

The Culture of Golden Seal. — The
Washington experiments have been going

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

on since ihc Spring of 1899, and tend lo
show that golden seal may be successfully
cultivated if its natural conditions of
growth are fairly well imitated. Like gin¬
seng, it must have partial shade and a
rich, light soil containing a large amount
of humus or decayed vegetable matter
thoroughly incorporated to the depth of
eight inches or more. This humus is best
secured by the addition of leaf mold and
by mulches of leaves, straw, old stable
manure and similar materials. A suitable
and effective shade is made by screens
of plastering lath nailed on frames an
inch apart, and supported on cedar or
other durable posts six feet or more
above the beds, so that the gardener may
comfortably work under them. Shade
screens of this character give the entire
use of the soil to the plants, which are not
robbed of moisture and nourishment as
when planted under the shade of trees,
l he plants are grown in rows one foot
apart and six inches from each other in
the rows, so that over 85,000 may be
grown to the acre if no allowance is made
for paths and the space occupied by posts
supporting the screens. The cost of the
lumber for an acre of screens is estimated
at from $500 to $700, exclusive of cost of
erection. The Department trials only
cover one-tenth acre, and the yield, calcu¬
lated from a square rod of soil, is placed
at 5,120 pounds of green root or 1,500 of
the dried or commercial product.

Propagation of Golden Seal. — Seeds
have so far not been successfully germi¬
nated in these trials, but the plant was
quite successfully propagated by division
of the rhizome, as two or more buds are
formed each year for the next season’s
growth. The rhizome is divided, just like
the paeony, in as many pieces as there
are sound buds, giving each piece a por¬
tion of the rootstock as well as the bud
and some fibrous roots. The increase by
this means is something over 200 per cent.
A slower method is by nursing dormant
buds found on the fibrous roots some dis¬
tance away from the rhizome. In respect
to propagation and time to mature crop
golden seal seems to have distinct advan¬
tages over ginseng, which is of exceed¬
ingly slow growth and can only be raised
from seeds. Ginseng needs from five to
seven years to grow to- marketable size;
many of the best collected roots are sup¬
posed to be over 30 years old. Golden
seal is at its best in three years, and may
be marketed or used for propagation after
two years’ growth. It does not promise
a glittering bonanza at present prices, but
does seem to offer fairly remunerative
prospects for those who are willing to
make moderate investments in a little-
tested enterprise and are endowed with
the patience and aptitude to carry it
through. The price of this drug is so
subject to market fluctuations that any
considerable increase • in the _ supply
through cultivation might reduce it below
a profitable level.

The Ward Blackberry. — This unusual¬
ly promising blackberry was first noticed
as a fence-row seedling in Monmouth Co.,
N. J., near where Kittatinny and other va¬
rieties had been grown in former years.
The seedling bore such fine berries and
was so thrifty, hardy and productive that
it was transplanted to the owner’s garden
and later propagated and grown for mar¬
ket, where it invariably brings the highest
prices for fine appearance, size and qual¬
ity. A special committee of the New Jer¬
sey Horticultural Society visited the fruit¬
ing fields two years ago and unanimously
recommended the variety in the highest
terms for commercial planting. The writ¬
er visited the plantation of David Baird,
Baird, N. J., last August, and confesses
surprise at the vigor of the canes, the
great crop, large size and fine quality of
the berries, after the unusually severe
Winter of 1903-4, that put practically all
standard varieties out of business for the
season. Up to this time the Ward black¬
berry has shown no signs of weakness or
disease, and has proven itself exceptionally
hardy and productive. Fig. 69, page 163, is
a fair representative of a fruiting twig
about natural size. Hundreds of similar
branches could be cut in any part of the
field at the time of our visit. The canes
are very sturdy, and there are noticeably
few suckers. The berries are jet black
when ripe, firm and of the highest quality.
They do not redden after picking and can
be shipped long distances. In plant and
fruit the Ward seems nearly to reproduce
the fine old Kittatinny without any of its
weaknesses. It is not likely to succeed
everywhere as it does in New Jersey, but
is certainly worthy of trial wherever good
blackberries are appreciated. w. v. f.

l/>

b

U

in

CM

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

N

U1

o

H

cn

CONSUMPTION

A HOOK WORTH II A VINO.

One of the most complete and compre¬
hensive handbooks on garden tools ever
published is the 1905 Planet Jr. catalogue
of S. L. Allen & Co., Philadelphia. It is a
veritable mine of information, so valuable
that no farmer or gardener can afford to lie
without it. The catalogue is beautifully illus¬
trated, and carefully describes the famous
Planet Jr. garden tools — implements whose
popularity extends to every quarter of the
globe. One of the leaders of this line is the No. 4
Planet Jr. Combined Seeder, shown herewith.

Fitted as shown. No. 4 is a thoroughly de¬
pendable seeder, either for continuous rows
or hills. It is simple in construction, and
cannot get out of order. But a moment is re
quired to connect it into a cultivator or plow,
capable of doing the finest kind of work in
hoeing, furrowing, ridging, marking, etc.
Among other Planet Jr. tools are plain and
combined seeders, wheel hoes, one and two
horse cultivators, harrows, etc.

The catalogue is sent free upon request to S.
L. Allen & Co.. Box 1107 V, Philadelphia. Pa.

GOOD

AGENTS

WANTED

n I Ml SMALL GRAIN

IjlKlIHlJ AT HOME

Don't pay out grinding charges having
large amount of grain ground at the
mill, which grows stale before being
used. The

Black Hawk
Crist Mill

grinds wheat, rye, rice, coffee,
spices, and in fact all small grains,
fine or coarse as desired, cither for table or farm use. You
can grind as much as you need for your immediate wants,
thus insuring fresh ground grain at any time. The Black
Hawk not only pays for itself by saving grinding charges,
but is a constant money-maker for you. Poultry raisers find
the Black Hawk invaluable for cracking corn. The mill is
simple in construction, easily taken apart, cleaned and set
up. The grinding-plates are of hardest metal, all the bear¬
ings are chilled, and the long malleable iron crank makes
grinding easy. All parts are interchangeable and can be re¬
placed at any time. Sent prepaid on receipt of S3. OO.

A. H. PATCH, Sole Manufacturer, CLARKSVILLE, TENN

R.ed CKief

Corn Shelter

(Patented.)

Guaranteed to do better work than any
other hand sheller made. -Closed hop¬
per. Can’t pinch fingers, adjusts itself
to any size ear.

Gets All The Corn

Shells every grain without
cracking any of them; al ways
throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel or keg same
as straight edge box. An
easy runner and lasts indefi¬
nitely. We furnish all re¬
pairs free. Circularsentfree.
Send for special fariners’ofier.

BRINLY-HARDY CO.
253Main St. Louisville, Ky.

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination.

CALDWELL

Tanks don’t leak. They
are made right. We build
tanks of UverlaHting Cy¬
press; alao White Pine.
We have hundreds we
can reler to In your
vicinity. Bend for Illus¬
trated catalogue a n d
price llat.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

I Something New I

A cast iron

■Stone Boat Head;

more durable than wood. Boat can be
made by auy farmer with common straight I
plank and tnis head will outwear a dozen of !
the old sty lt>. Costs less to make. Send for cata¬
logue an a prices of this and our complete line |
of farm tools.

ROSS BROTHERS, Worcester, Mass.

Potash as Necessary as Rain

The quality and quantity of the
crops depend on a sufficiency of

Potash

in the soil. Fertilizers which are
low in Potash will never produce
satisfactory results.

Every farmer should be familiar with the
proper proportions of ingredients that go to
make the best fertilizers for every kind of
crop. \Ve have published a senes of books,
containing the latest researches on tins all-
important subject, which we will send free
if you ask. Write now while you think of
it to the

CERMAN KALI WORKS
98 Nassau Street, New York.

Tho Cheapest Roof Ever Rut On

A new rubber roofing that for wearing qualities
and cost cannot be equaled. Weather, rain, sun-

Froof-fire-resisting. Water runs off It like It does
rom a duck’s back- that’s why It’s soak-proof.
That’s why It lasts for years-wliy It don’t shrivel
or warp, but Instead, hardens and toughens like
iron. Roofing that absorbs moisture, whether
shingles or prepared material will soon give out;
the swelling and contracting causes ltto loosen
and rot. The sun draws out with the evaporating
moisture It’s very life - It’s wearing qualltles-
loaving adead, tlnder-llke substance that soon be¬
comes as easily soaked with molstureasablanket.
A test of H. B. RUBBER ROOFING soon
proves It Is best whil'e the cost is very small.
91-23 Per Roll- 1 0B SQuaro Root
Just figure out what It would cost to cover the
roof of your house, barn, shed, or poultry house,
and then figure that It will outlast any other roof¬
ing and you’ll find it the cheapest roofing ever
put on. Can belaid over old shingles, the only tool
necessary is a hammer. Requires no painting and
does not taint the rain water. Suitable for any cli¬
mate., Excellent for siding or lining purposes.
Each Roll contains nails, caps and cement sufli-
clentto lay It. Comes In three thicknesses. One-ply
81.25 two-ply 81.90 three-ply82.75per square
of 108 sq. ft. SEND FOI BOOKLET “V" & FREE SAMPLES.
Harris Bros. LOOMIS A 35th, STS, yCNICAGO-

Never Jumps the Track.

Cannot be pushed, hooked or blown ofF; don’t bind or
run hard. "The best hanger on earth" is the

FLEXIBLE DOUBLE TREAD
BARN DOOR HANGER.

Double set of hsngers. Absolute center draft. Carrier wheels
are roller hearing- Always true ami easy running, never out of
order. Auk for free catalog of liay Tools and field and farm
hardware appliances.

LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 39 Broadway, Falrfield.lt.

<~\ aS"T?.teo quick

STAND BY

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nall Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Fincher.

8 TOOLS IN One:
o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

2 Ono of our agents says ho will make 11500 next year. Wet>«»
** lieve he can. Thlals tho best Beller wo ev*>r saw Write for
OO Src-i . « 0<Tim and t* Ao*nts. Make money now

J . B Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry . Co. , Frederlcktown,0.

The Great Agents Supply House.

CALIFORNIA FOR lOt

Western Kinpi re” a 32-page mag-
lazineof the wonderful industrial development,
horticultural pursuits and stories of adventure on
the Pacific Coast. 6 months trial for only 10 cents.
Empire Pub. Co.,115Times Block., Los Angeles, CaL

THE FARMERS CEMEHT BRICK AHD BLOCK MACHINE

The only machine that makes both Bricks and Hollow Building Blocks. Price. $50.00. One liarrel
Cement, six of sand. Two men two hours work, make 500 brick. Cheaper for many purposes than wood.

Write to

Birmingham Stone & Concrete Works, West Chester, Penn.

fir W I PRAURPRI AIM Proprietor of the Ohio Fanner Experi

Uli Y» i !■ uflfllVlDLnLHlII) mental Farm at Hudson. O.. after having
used a trial order of 200 last year has purchased 800 more Grimm Spouts,
equipping his entire sugar camp for the coining season. In this he follows
the example of Vermont's largest and best sugannakers. Learn the
Grimm System. Circular “G'' tells it all. It and sample spout, free.
Save your trees increase your income; one- fourth more sap guaranteed.

Address G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt.

Factories at Rutland, Vt., Montreal, P. Q. and Hudson, O.

Ball-Bearing Grindstones

Yelox Grindstones are modern in all particulars— highest quality-
easy to run. We guarantee them. No more lame hacks. Perfectly
steady action. Best results In grinding all tools, even the finest. Abso¬
lutely the leader among grindstones and Its price only $3.50. Think of It!
That’s the factory price. Stones are carefully selected Berea Grit, 20
Inches lu diameter, 2 to 2hj Inches thick, average weight GO pounds.
The Velox frame Is angle steel, strongly reinforced— positively no
vibration while stone Is In motion. Treadles so attached that machine
Is operated with 50 per cent, of power required to operate others. This
proven by actual test. Water supply easily regulated. Journals are
steel, ball-bearing and balls can’t fall out. Axles made of steel, accu¬
rately centered— can’t break. Weight, when folded ready for shipment,
85 pounds. We give absolute guarantee of satisfaction with Velox Ball-
Bearing Grindstone. We wouldn’t do this If we didn’t know how good
they are, and the price, remember. Is only $3.50. Send your order to-day.
We will prove that the Velox Is all we claim.

CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.,

385 Lawrence Square. Kalamazoo, Mlcju_

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

181

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — The weather has continued
cold, but on the whole we seem to have lost
a little snow since last week. Now and then
there comes a day with bright sunshine, so that
snow actually melts for a few hours. Night
freezes it up again. The drifts are still deep
on the hills, and I am afraid the mice are at
work on the young trees. V. T. ('ox, of
Ohio, writes in a recent letter about Ihe work
of mice in his orchard.

While the rod doesn't locate much money the
advertisement locates a good many suckers.
There is money hidden in every farm. We
have some in the soil of Hope Farm — put
there many years ago. H is in the form of
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid. A good
"mineral rod" to bring some of this hidden
money out is a hoe in the hands of a stout
man or boy. We expect our fruit trees to
find some of this money for us.

Good Food. — Some weeks ago I expressed
my opinion regarding the virtues (and odors)
ot sauerkraut and keeping it with salt. A
good German friend of mine in Oregon says
he is afraid I don’t like the Germans or
their kraut. He tells me how to make it and
then says :

"I have found the mice doing a little dam¬
age to some trees that were mulched. Two
Maiden Blush four years old have been pulled
out; the bark was all eaten off under ground,
and most of the roots, but there was no sign
on top of the ground Just under the mulch ;
it was clear under the top of the ground, and
there was a great hole dug out so they could
get to the roots and main stem, but just
where the dirt was put I did not find out.
A few trees are girdled just at the top of the
ground, but there do not seem to be many of
them, nor many mice either."

I ought to have put wire cloth around the
trees. That’s an ought that will bear repeat¬
ing many times. I have seen t lie statement
somewhere that mice increase as snakes are
killed out. I think there is much truth in
that, for it seems sure that snakes destroy
many mice. The foolish custom of killing
every little snake that runs in sight ought to
be overcome. I much prefer to have the
snakes left in my orchards. ... In spite
of the cold and snow we are all good-natured
and able to turn out for three good meals a
day. Our plans for the Spring are pretty well
completed — now give us a chance at the
ground.

Florida Alive. — While most of the orange
trees are alive it must be confessed that the
Winter is almost the coldest Florida has
known in many years. The Madame speaks
of seeing women going about wearing furs,
which is not what we dream of the land of

flowers. However, they were able to send me
some fresh violets as a valentine. The pota¬
toes are now about all in. We shall try a
small planting of Refugee beans as an ex¬
periment. String beans often bring high
prices, although in some years they can hard¬
ly be given away. That’s one trouble with
truck growing in Florida— you can’t tell
what your stuff will do. I find some people
who are blue about the early potato crop.
The country still has a great surplus of old
potatoes on hand. They are very low. It
is thought that this surplus will pull down
the price of the new crop. Well, one thing
Is sure. This is a good season for a farmer
to buy good seed of the new varieties.

I have a circular from a Florida nursery¬
man who seems to be a cheerful soul. This
Is what he says :

"We are happy to say that, notwithstand¬
ing the late unpleasantness in the way of
cold weather, we are in position to till both
large and small orders with first-class nursery
stock. We had about fifteen thousand fine
orange and grape fruit trees heeled in under
our big protection shed, and the foliage on
these is as bright and green as if Florida
had never seen a frost. We kept small fires
going under this shed and larger ones out¬
side, for three nights — firing about twenty
acres in all. Satsuma trees, both in grove
aiu> nursery, needed no firing. They are
absolutely sound without it.”

That’s right! That’s the way to look at
things. I shall not plant an orange grove
in our section of Florida, as Jack Frost has
given us too many warnings. I have heard
this talk about the hardiness of Satsuma
oranges, but I will let others plant the trees!

• . . In spite of the unusual cold thou¬

sands of northern people are in Florida.
There are 21 people in Unde Ed’s house, ex¬
clusive of servants. It is no small job to
keep 21 stomachs filled, provide pillows for 21
heads and resting places for 42 arms and 42
logs ! One helpful thing is that Florida is
the region for good nature. Somehow when
a man gets south of Jacksonville, he doesn’t
care much what happens. The Czar might
be killed, but it wouldn’t bother the Florida
health hunters. There is something about
the air and sun that makes you feel like roll¬
ing in the sand and kicking up your heels and
saying: "What odds does it make!" It is the
fact that this folding has grown to be a habit
with those who live in Florida that makes the
hotels and boarding houses depend on New
York storage houses for supplies!

‘Doctoring.”- — There are many requests for
information at this season. Here, for exam¬
ple, is a Jerseyman :

“Can anyone prefix ‘Doctor’ to his name,
who has not studied medicine, but who can
cure disease without drugs?"

In New Jersey I understand you can “doc¬
tor ’ your name without offending the law.
The States vary in this respect : in Massachu¬
setts you could not use the title without ob¬
taining a license or certificate. In New Jer¬
sey you can use the title, but you cannot
practice without a certificate. By “practice”
I mean treat a patient, and take' pay for it.
ion may care for him or save his life if you
can, and charge no fee, but if you are paid
tor it the law can stop you unless you can
show a physician’s license or certificate.
Some years ago, fids same question came up

•'p'v ^ ork with regard to dishorning catt le,
l lie law gave practicing veterinarians the
right to do this. A farmer could cut the
norns from his own stock, or do it for his
neighbor, but If he took pay for doing it he
was liable to fine. The title “Doctor” goes
back to 1384. It was and is a title of honor
from an institution of learning. Some titles
are very cheap. I have some friends who
persist in calling me captain, though I have
never had full command even of myself.

Mineral Rods. — Here is another hopefu
citizen from Alabama :

“A certain advertisement states there is i
man in New York somewhere who has a min
eral rod that is warranted to find lost or hid
aen money. I understand he rents it for 10 pe
cent on the find. I know of some being hid
aen ; would like his instrument to locate it
i., ^0I1 - , n°t carry his advertisement am
snow of him, please let me know.”

No sir — we don’t know the gentleman witl
ro<T We have heard that is i
lavorite advertisement for country papers

"For eating, the kraut has to be boiled at
least two hours. There are different ways to
prepare it. When boiled, some like it one
way. some another; don’t like it the first way.
So you see, if you tasted kraut once, you can¬
not opinion about it; have to try again.
Kraut wants to be eaten with the proper
dishes, mostly dumplings and pork ; dump¬
lings prepared a right way. 1 am not sure
if you would not say eating this kind of dish,
“That is a good change with my everlasting
fishballs and baked beans.”

There is no German blood In me that I
know of, but I have great respect for the
Germans. As for kraut, mv experience may
be limited, but some one else may have my
share. Yet, when I realize that here is a
man who evidently prefers a dish of kraut to
well-browned fishballs, I shall have to say
“Bless you !” even though I hold my breath
when I do It. The fishballs and beans are
plenty good enough for me, yet this is a wide
country, with lots of room for sauerkraut.
I’m too old to begin on new and strange
dishes !

Painting Peach Trees. — Here Is a case
of trouble from California :

"I set out quite a lot of peach trees last
Spring, and about that time 1 saw an article
from a Texas man — A 1 wood, I believe the
name was, although I am not sure about the
name — -saying that white lead paint would
protect tlie trees from rabbits and other gnaw¬
ing animals, so I tried it on part of mine
that were exposed most to the rabbits. Now
I can say that it was a sure protection from
the varmints, but I find when I went to prune
the frees this Winter that everv tree that was
painted was dead to the ground. They grew
all Summer and the tops remained green and
full of sap, but the bark was entirely dead
and turned black. So I am out 240 trees, as
nice and thrifty as one could wish, a year’s
time and a lot of hard labor. I write this
so that some other poor confiding man doesn’t
go and do likewise. Why should the trees
grow throughout the season and then die,
when the paint was applied in March? Every
tree that was not painted is all right. I
used pure white lead and linseed oil.”

s. e’. k.

The man you mean is Prof. Alwood, of
Virginia. lie told of painting apple trees as
protection against rabbits and borers, but he
did his best to say that he could not advise
this painting of peach trees. Some people tell
us they have used the paint on peach trees
with good results, while others report failure.
The “poor, confiding man” simply didn’t read
the article through, or didn’t read it straight.
It sometimes cools our feet to Jump on these
“scientific fellers,” but in this case the jump¬
er has no cause to jump. He should jump on
himself !

Advertising Apples. — The following clip¬
ping is sent with special compliments to the
Hope Farm man :

“My grandmother was an awful ambitious
woman.” said a native of a well known island
off the coast of Maine, “and when she was
dying and the doctor had told her she had
only about an hour to live she asked her
daughter to bring her some green apples. She
sat up in bed and pared two panfuls of them
and they lay back with a satisfied sigh.
“Well, said she, "I’m determined that the
folks that come to my funeral shall have
enough apple-sass for once In their lives.” —
Lippincott’s Magazine.

I am something of an apple eater, and have
done part of my duty in pushing apple eating
along. This lady beats me. I will resign
my claim to being the original member of the
Apple Consumers’ League in her favor. Her
work continued after her death. This should
give us all increased courage to spread the
good news about apple eating. I cannot do
better than stop right here to eat a russet
and a Baldwin — this makes six for me to¬
day. Come, gentlemen, have something — an
apple ! h. w. c.

century Wagon Box and Rack

One of the most convenient, useful, and labor-sav¬
ing articlesever offered to the furmer. Substan¬
tially made and flnishedfroni best materials. Mal¬
leable castings and very strong. When closed it is
available for hauling corn, potatoes, wood, live
stock, etc. By suspending canvas or muslin from
top, inside, -wili hold 100 bushels of bulk grain.

SIDES CAN BE LOWERED INSTANTLY

And it becomes a solid rack for hauling hay, straw,
fodder, sheaf wheat etc., with ample strength and
capacity for three tons. Very convenient for
husking corn with side lowered as shown in cut.
Made 14 feet long and regular widths. Sold direct
to farmers at manufacturers’ prices, freight pre¬
paid. Write for Catalogue and prices.

MODEL MEG. CO. Box

67 Munclc, Ind.

A low wagon
at a low price.
Ilundy for
farmer.
Will carry u
loud any¬
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
width of tire. Hubs to fit any axie.
For catalogue and prices, write to

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

BW Save Time, Labor and Money

No. 110
Iron Age
Orchard
and Variety
Cultivator.

Iron Age
( Improved
Kobhlna)
Potato
Planter*

or seventy years Iron Age Implements have been helping farmers and
gardeners everywhere to produce better crops with less labor, and
every year marks Some new improvement where improvement
is possible. To-da.v there is no combination of farm and
garden tools so well calculated to save time, labor and
money as the Iron Age Implements.

A Few of Them
Described

The No. 6 Iron Age
Double aiul Single

, "Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder, with one
pair of handles and the Interchangeable parts will open the furrow, plant
cover, make level, weed, hoe and cultivate with half the work and twice
the speed of hand methods. It’s a winner from start to finish.

The No. 1 Iron Age Double nml Single Wheel Hoe is just the tool
for a small garden, handy for a woman or boy. Very light,, and easy run¬
ning on account of the high wheels. Will pay for its keep in a week’s time.

No. IlO Orchard and Variety Cultivator,

designed for tlie orchardist, butavailable for all
purposes common to the fruit grower. Can
be used as a fallow plow ; opening furrows
for irrigating or planting purposes and ia ,
a strong all-round cultivator that will ///
make the orchard pay.

The No. 8 Iron Age Hill and Drill

Seeder is light, simple, strong and
capacious. Tlie seed hop¬
per holds four quarts and
delivers tine or coarse seed
properly and evenly with
accurate spacing. An invaluable tool for large
gardens or market and farm gardens.

The Iron Age Improved Robbins) Potato
Planter an invaluable time saver for the potato farmer. Drops one
hundred per cent of seed on from 4 to 7 acres per day. No doubles, no
misses, no bruised seed. This machine, like all Iron Age Implements, will
stand the hard knocks of real service, and may also be used witli entire

satisfaction in planting peas, beans and corn,

■ The Iron Age Four Row Sprayer is a posi¬
tive necessity on all farms where successful
potato culture is desired. Rapid and thorough
In Its work, preventing blight and bugs, making
better crops, larger yield, and assuring better
quality. Has orchard attachment.

If you want to save
time, save labor, and
make money, it will pay
you to write for Iron Age,
our new book for
, 1905, describing in

detail these money making implements as well
as Iron Age Horse Hoes, Riding and Walking
Cultivators, Spring Tooth Cultivators, Fertilizer
Distributors, etc.

It will soon be planting time. Write for
the book now. A postal card will bring it to you

BATEMAN MFC. CO.,

Box 302, Crenloch, N.

— — — *-1*^ —

HENRY B.HYDE

FOUNDER

HY *

*■ ’* J.WAIEXANDER

, 1JL.S1DENT

J.H.HYDE

VICE PRES1DEN1

’ N EARLY PREPARATIONS

~ are necessary to secure

from nature the future harvest.
- - Have you made early

lL.|^/Preparations to secure the
> ^ | harvest of your life’s work?

I, !'i\ -K An adequate Endowment policy
| f \ in the Equitable will provide
I for your maturer years, if you

1 u J l l*ve- And will protect your

* y V family meanwhile, if you die.

fVL rf

!ir i

f&U > !■' I

Splendid opportunities for men of character to act as representatives

Write to GAGE E.TARBELl, 2nd Vice President

Send this c-mpon for particulars or write

The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 12 Broadway, N.Y., kImIs

Please send me Information regarding an Endowment for I .

Issued to a man . . . . .years of age.

Name .

Address .

1 82

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 4,

Live Stock and Dairy.

AILING ANIMALS.

No Cure for Ringbone.

I have a five-year-old horse that has a ring¬
bone started. Can you give me a sure
cure for it? I have seen many things that
are claimed to cure, but I want something
that has been tested. subscriber.

I will answer your question with the
short word no. You do not state where
the ringbone is, and how can I give you a
sure cure for something that I do not
know, not knowing the breed or whether
you are workii.^ this horse, or what you
wish of him. I must go back and tell you
what a ringbone is. A ringbone is an
exostosis which is found on the coronet
and in the digital and phalangeal regions,
and is caused by an inflammatory action
set up in the periosteum and bone tissue,
causing bony growth, and the name is
appropriate, because it often extends
around the bone in the form of an arch or
ring. It may be the result of severe labor,
bruises, blows, strains or injuries of ten¬
dons, ligaments or joints or from hered¬
ity. Rest will do much to reduce the in¬
flammation. I have had good results from
giving one-half drachm of iodide of potas¬
sium in water every other day for a week
or two. If a blister is used see that it is
greased soon, so that the hair will not
stick up like bristles. Good shoeing will
assist, and it may be well to take your
horse to a veterinary and let him use the
fine-pointed cautery. I wish to call your
attention to the fact that if you am reduce
the inflammation and prevent the lameness
he content with the enlargement.

Cow's Hair Falling Out.

What remedy can I apply to a cow to
restore her hair, which seems to be falling
out in patches along her hack and loins l
She seems to be in good condition otherwise,
with the exception of being a little thin,
which I attribute to her giving a good now
of mi Ik. J- s-

East Milton, Mass.

It is quite evident that your cow has
some kind of external parasites, and if
they are of the mange species a mixture
of kerosene and lard smeared well over
the hairless patches and repeated every
third day will do much to check this trou¬
ble, but if you have a large herd it may be
advisable for you to wash her all over
once a week with a tobacco or sheep dip,
like Zenoleum. Arsenic mixtures should
not be used, as they are likely to poison
the animal, and many times the trouble
is quite persistent in cold weather.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

produce many hundreds of bushels of
oats, where they are now practically pro¬
ducing nothing. Our grain is uniform,
and the supply is assured. Since adopting
this system of grain feeding, we have haa
no unpleasant flavors in our milk, no
caked udders, and our milk flow has been
large and uniform. We have also de¬
pended more upon silage, made from sweet
corn fodder, than ever before. Having
plenty of it, we have fed all the cows
would eat up clean, twice a day, with
most excellent results. Some of our larger
cows will eat a bushel basket once and a
half full, at a feed, and leave not a piece
in the crib.

The problem of buying cows is not so
easily solved, but since we engaged in the
retailing of milk we have had to depend
upon the market for a large part of our
supply. We can usually do better to buy
of the dealers than we can to buy of
the farmers themselves. As a rule, the
dealer is a good judge; the farmer must
sell to him the animal that will sell to
best advantage, and therefor often sells
his best producer. We have several cows
in the herd now, which were bought from
dealers at the same price paid farmers for
them, the calf paying the drift, which have
proved to be good ones. Dealers know
the price is never disputed if the cow
suits, and try to please us. Right here
comes in a thought : A good cow will
remain good for many years with proper
feed and care. As a rule, when a cow
has proved herself to be a good producer,
and with pleasant disposition and habits,
she should remain in the herd many years.
One of our cows did us a good year’s
work at 18 years of age; others have pro¬
duced well nearly as long. Don’t sacrifice
the good animals for fear of their grow¬
ing old. B. WALKER MCKEEN.

Maine. _

DR. DAVID ROBERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to read¬
ers of this paper.

CATTLE

Owners and breeders can save hundreds
of dollars yearly by keeping their cattle
in a strong, healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers the whole
herd. You can learn to avoid this dan¬
ger by reading my FREE booklets on the
following ailments.

Write for the ones you want.

No. 1. Booklet — Abortion In Cows.

No. 2. Booklet— Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet— Retained Afterbirth.

No. 4. Booklet — Scours i n Calves.

Also I Ilow to make your OWN

No. 5. Booklet — { STOCK FOOD at home.

A BALANCED GRAIN RATION.

I sympathize with H. G. Manchester
in his troubles with purchased grain and
“boughten” cows. I will suggest to him a
possible way out of the grain dilemma,
along the same line followed by us. For
years we fed shorts, cornmeal and cot¬
ton-seed meal with some gluten. We had
to keep several grain bins all in readiness.
When feeding the cows we had to bear
in mind certain combinations, when feed¬
ing young cattle others, and when feeding
horses still others. The feeding of these
grains properly required much thought,
and could not be entrusted to anyone
but an experienced feeder. We occasion¬
ally got an unpleasant flavor in our milk,
and one or more caked udders as well.
After studying the matter over carefully,
it was finally concluded to use principally
whole grains, and have them ground and
mixed in proportions to suit ourselves. To
accomplish this end we established a basal
ration composed of corn and oats, ground
together, bushel for bushel, by weight.
This mixture can be fed to all our farm
animals, to good advantage. Tt frees us
from the tricks of dishonest millers ; no
more ground corncobs, oat hulls or mill
sweepings in ours. To this basal ration
we add a little old-process linseed, meal
for our fresh cows and heavy milkers,
varying the proportion as seems to suit
the individuality of the cow. T presume
the protein costs us a little more, pur¬
chased in the oats and linseed than it
would in bran or cotton seed, if they were
genuine articles, but to offset this, we
have the^ satisfaction of knowing that we
are feeding honest grains; that none of
them, with the exception of the. linseed,
is a by-product liable to adulteration ; that
we are, in a measure, encouraging home
production, as the fields of New England
and of the entire East may be made to

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

414 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wis. 2

FT ACC KERCH EBON AND FRENCH
1,1/1 VN Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
VAOiuwj pups k. S. AKIN. Auburn. N. Y.

FOR SALK -Thoroughbred Scotch Collie Cow dogs.
WM WILDGRUBE, No. Franklin. Del. Co. N. Y.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Send for circular.

HILANDALE FARM. Brooklyn. Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

SQUABS PAY: HENS

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised In one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

)0

Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. GO p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A BERGEY, Box 8, Telford. Pa,

EGGS FOR HATCHING ~

Booking orders now for S. C White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain No one has better stock.

LOCUST FARMS, Eatontown, N. J.

DDCn COD CCRC -Our BarredRocks lay250to
DltCU rUnCUUdi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, Ill

BUFF White Leghorns Eggs 75c per 15. $1 25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir free. JOHN A. ROTH.Quakertown, Pa.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms Stock and Eggs at Farmers'
Prices. K. B. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

EMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

A wonderful remedy for Colic
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CUSS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Goi.dev Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN S LAD out of im ¬
ported COW8.

Specialty Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CIJ ESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES

IiP- Correspondence solicited.

GEDNKY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

I will guarantee safe arrival of

A JERSEY RED
SOW BRED

If you will favor me with an order. Get free booklet.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

Pratts Food for all live stock
Over 30 years old.

lleg. P. Chinas, Bcrkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin
service Boars. Bred sows. O Write for
prices and description. Return if not
_ _ satisfactory; we refund the money.

HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

Breeders’ Directory

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

First Mid-Winter Offering!

20 Twenty Service Bulls 20

About one year old sired by the great Mercedes
Julip's Pietertje's Paul, whose dam Mercedes Jullp's
Pietertje was the 1900 world's champion butter
record cow, A. R. 0. 29 5 7 lbs. in seven days.

Also by Belle Korndyke Beryl Wayne, a son of
Belle Korndyke. A R. O. seven day record 25.12.3 Ids.
She also has'produced three daughters with greater
combined official butter records than any other cow
in the world. These bulls are from official tested
dams, one with a three year old record of 2U57 lbs.
butter in seven days, official uverage per cent, of
fat 4.44 Circulars sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D.. Cortland. N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d ail ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTKLYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must he disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Ritton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

uni OTCIKI Dill I C from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOICin DULL0 few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD. Peterboro, N.Y.

FOR SALE

Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices moderate; write promptly
W. W. CHENEY. Manlius. N Y

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.MARCOU.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsviile. N. J.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and .JMNNKTS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,

BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind.

Kentucky Jack Farm,

A flnelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WEIGHT,
Junction City , Kentucky.

FIFTY BLACK MAM¬
MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad¬
dle stallions all registered or
subject to registry Our prices
are as low as any firm will make
them giving a responsible guar¬
antee- Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J. F. COOK & CO.,

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

TEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1 50 to $2.50 each Duck
egg orders booked, $115 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred Largest plant
vicinity of New York City. 8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

PLEASANT VIEW POULTRY YARDS. Breeder
of White Wyandottes and R. C. Buff Leghorns.
Eggs from Prize Winning Stock $2.00 per sotting,
$6.00 and $8.00 per 100.

ARTHUR MELBOURNE, Naugatuck, Conn.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns.

.Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c ; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N J

RHODE ISLAND BEDS, Light Brahmas, Bar¬
red Rocks, White andSilverWyandottes; hardy,
prolific. farm bred. pure stock. For BIRDS, moderate
prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTER
SHERMAN, -26 Boulevard, Middletown, R. I.

HOLSTEIN BULL CALVE8. Scotch Collies, Spayed
Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa.

COWS FOR SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
soil good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
head in lots of ten, f. o.b.

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

WHITE STRINGS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG,
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Doanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but-
terin one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one

year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 3
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sal^ ut
from SlOO to $>300, also several mature bulls.

JERSEYS

Highest honors at World’s Fair, Chicago, and Pan
American, Buffalo, were won by us. Can furnish
young nulls of the very best breeding, and Splendid
individuals, at reasonable prices.

BEECHLANDS FARM

East Aurora New York

JERSEYS !

Combination and
Golden Lad. For
sale 11 cows, 1 1 hell¬
ers and 23 bulls.

S. K. NIVIN, LANDEN B ERG, PA.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer's price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

“QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised ‘right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N Y ■

nogistorod J erseys

9 Heifers, 3 to 14 raos. 6 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

POLAND CHINAS

Send for Catalogue at once, this will appear but
once. JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia.N. Y.

/> I IfO |J I DCG~ Young Boars,
V/ n EL O ■ I I IX EL Sows and 3-month
Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S. HH.L, Freeville, N. Y.

X\r Y AN DOTTES, White, Buff, SilverL andGold.
vv LEGHORNS, Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCKS, Barred. Buff and White. Brahmas. Cochins,
It. I. Reds, Minorcas and other breeds in Cockerels
and Hens Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm, Carpenter, O.

OVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

3ivs of all aees from imported stock for sale.

(THICKS White and Barred Plymouth Rocks only.

Wyandottes. Rocks, Leghorns. Minorcas, Game
and Duck Eggs for Hatching. Wyandottes and Rock
Stock for Sale. Pleasant View Farm, Seward, N. Y.

CHESTER WH ITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox,R,3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers- Hastings Company,

BKOOK8IDK HERD. Lacuna, Oswego Co,, N. Y,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 83

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.
Proportion of Butter for Milk.

1 have delivered 2,643 pounds of milk to
a creamery ; my average test is five per cent.
How many pounds of butter should I receive
from the above amount of milk?

Auburn, N. Y. C. W. J.

This quantity, 2,643 pounds of five per
cent milk, will give 132.15 pounds of fat,
and assuming the butter to be 85 per cent
fat, you should get 155.5 pounds of but¬
ter. Occasionally, when butter is more
thoroughly worked and all possible water
got out of it, there will be more than
85 per cent fat in the butter, so that you
might not get more than 145 to 150
pounds, but if there is no loss in skim¬
ming or churning under ordinary condi¬
tions you ought to get 155 pounds.

Balanced Ration for Cows.

What feed shall I buy to mix with corn-
meal and dried brewers’ grains to make a
balanced ration for dairy cows? They have
all the hay and corn fodder necessary.

Itichwood, N. .T. a. g. m.

The following is a balanced ration, us¬
ing the feeds you name with the addi¬
tion of gluten meal.

Carbohy-

IToteiu drates. Fat.

12 lbs. Mixed hay . 71 4. PI .14

10 lbs. Corn fodder ... .25 3.46 .12

3 lbs. Cornmea! . 20 1.95 .09

2 lbs. Dried brew's’ grs. .31 .73 .10

3 lbs. Gluten meal . 98 1.39 .0!)

Total . 2.45 12.44 .54

You could substitute for the gluten
meal a like quantity of oil meal or cotton¬
seed meal, but unless these were cheaper
should prefer to use the gluten meal.
Gluten feed would require an extra pound.
We should for our own use prefer a
ration of two parts bran, two parts corn-
meal, two parts dried brewers’ grains,
and two parts gluten meal, which would
analyze as follows :

C'arbohy-

Protein

drates.

Fat.

12

lbs.

Mixed

hay .

. 71

4.91

.14

10

lbs.

Corn

fodder

. . . .25

3.46

.12

2

lbs.

Wheat

bran

. 25

.SI

.06

9

11)8.

Cornmea 1 . . .

1.30

.05

9

lbs.

Dried

brew's'

grs. .31

.73

.10

9

lbs.

Gluten

meal

.... 65

.86

.06

To

tal . . .

12.07

.53

This ration we believe would be more
wholesome for the cows, and would make
butter of fine quality.

FRUIT TREES IN CHICKEN YARDS .

The more experienced fruit growers do
not advise the keeping of hens in a peach
orchard ; in fact, the only way it can be
done successfully is by adopting the col¬
ony house plan, and only keeping a few
hens in each house, and moving the
houses about in the orchard occasionally,
as the droppings from the hens contain
too much nitrogen for the healthy growth
of a peach tree, forcing the wood, and
leaving it too soft to stand our Winters.
A few hens roosting in a peach tree will
kill it as effectually as an ax. With a
plum orchard it is entirely different. The
plum trees nearest the houses are the
best. We have had many of our plum
trees so loaded with pullets that it seemed
as if they would smash the limbs; some¬
times they have gone down under the weight
of the growing chicks, but wherever they
stand the strain the trees grow luxuriant¬
ly, and we pick our finest plums the fol¬
lowing season from these trees. Severe
pruning is needed where hens are kept in
quantities in any orchard, as otherwise
the fruit will lack color and be cloudy.
This is particularly noticeable with
apples; many varieties are so changed as
to be unrecognized by an expert. Quinces
are one of the fruits benefited by poultry
ranging beneath them, while pear trees
seem made more subject to blight. Rasp¬
berries and. blackberries can be grown
successfully along with hens, the shade
and seclusion of the bushes being very
welcome to Biddy in the long hot days of
our Summers. The hens will eat the ber¬
ries which ripen near the ground, but
these are generally dirty and thrown away
in any case. The berries remaining on
the higher branches are enough improved
by the hens to more than make good what
they eat. floyd q. white.

“Certainly, I am sure it’s a counter-
IVst note,” said the receiving teller. “Tt
has one very noticeable flaw; it’s in the
paper.” “But, my dear man,” protested
the depositor, “in these days you can’t be¬
lieve everything you see in the paper,” —
Credit Lost, * <

BEAUTIFUL COLORED PICTURES! DAIN PATCH MAILED FREE

B^’lt ii Printed in Six Brilliant Celora.

MAILED

The Colored Lithograph we will »cnd yon is a large reproduction of tho abovo engraving, and le
made from a photograph taken of Dan while he was going at his highest rate of speed. It is one of
the finest motion photographs over taken and is as natural and life like as if you actually saw Dan
coming down the track. It shows Dan flying through the air with every foot off of the ground. '

8iie 24 by 34 inches. Free of Advertising.

IF TOC ANSWER
These 2 Questions:

1st.— How Much Stock Of All Kinds Do You Own?

2nd.— (Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

te rn a t i o n a 1 Stock Food CoJmS

~625hpou^^ _____

PROFIT.

International Stock Food Co. Gilmer, Illinois.

Gentlemen: — I took one of my Chester White hogs and
made a special test of “ International Stock Food ” as per your
directions, and at 18 months of age he weighed 625 pounds.
When I dressed him he was the best hog I ever saw, and my
neighbors told me the same thing.

I would not he without “International
Stock Food ” for my horses, cattle or
hogs. Please send me a picture of

Dan Patch. Yours,

WM. H. SMITH.

Yfe Have Thousand* of Similar Testimonials. We Will Pay
You $1000 If They Are Not the True Experience of
Praetieal Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imitations
and Substitutes. “International Stock Food” Is Fed Exsry
Pay to Our World Famous Stallions, Pan Patch 1:58,

Direetum 2:05t{, Arlon 2:07aff Roy Wilkes 2:0Gk, and to
Our One Hundred Brood Hares and Their Colts.

Largest Stock Food Factory In the World.
Covers Over a City Block.
Contains 18 Acres of Floor Space.
Alto Large Factory at Toronto, Can.,
Containing 60,<M »0 Feet of Space.
Capital Paid In $2,000,000.00*

Dili PATCH 1:56, CHAMPION HARNESS HORSE of the WORLD. VALUED AT $150,000.

Don’t think that because an inferior imitation roofing looks like

PAROID ROOFINC

that it’s just as good. It isn’t. The dealer may make a bigger profit on it but that
doesn’t help your pocket hook. You want the roof that lasts — that’s always Paroid.
Don’t take an imitation. Let us prove to you Paroid’s superiority. Any one can
lay it in any kind of weather. Weather-proof, wear-proof. Contains no tar.
Slate color. Used by leading railway systems and U.S. Government and manufactur¬
ers everywhere. Costs but little more than the “cheap” kind — is better than the “dear”
kind. A complete roofing kit in every roll.

Send for Free Sample and book, “Building Economy.” Established 1817.

F. W. BIRD <& SON, East Walpole, Mass., or Monadnock Bldg., Chicago.

NOT A FAILURE

In Twenty-Five Years.

There may be some better criterion of the value
of on article than the “tost of time,” but If
there lb we do not know of It.

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

has stood this “test of tlme”andls more popular
to-day than over before. Unequalled lor Spavin,
Ring Bone, Curb, Splint and all forms of Lame¬
ness. Read the unsought endorsement of other*
and then act for yourself.

Tlppettvillo, Gs., Pebrasry 14, 1903*

Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., Enoeburg Fall*, Vt.

Gentlemen: — I have been using your remedies for about
twentj-flva years with success. 1 keep your Spavin Cura
nil the time. 1 have never knows of a single failure whera
It was used according to directions. 1 think It is tha
grandest remedy on earth for what you recommend It. I
can tell of a number of cases whore It was used tbat got
well in a few days that seemed almost hopeless. Plena
mail me your “Treatise.'* Very truly yours,

A. B. WALDEN.

Price, SI; six for *5. As a liniment for family
use it has no equal. Ask your druggist Tor Ken¬
dall’s Spavin cure, also “A Treatise om the Horse,"
the book free, or address,

DR. B. J. KENDALL COMPANY,

Enosburg Falls, Vt.

BEWTON’8 Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Cara

A veterinary specific for wind,
and stomach troubles.
recommend s |1.00 pot
Mail or Kx. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

Dine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N. V. '

Excelsior Swing Stanchion.

Warranted the best. 30 Days Trial.
(Ian be returned at our expense
If not satisfactory.

The Wasson Stanchion Co.,

Bo* 00, LUBA, NJSW YOKfct.

Here’s the Power

that’s simple and efficient and reliable. Not the
whimsical wind or tho unreliable gas
engine. It’s steam and it’s

A Leffel Engine

Aftor all others are tried out you come back to
steam lor ensilage and feed cut¬
ting, sawing, grinding, etc. Leffel
Is the line adapted to all
farm uses. Many
styles, horizon¬
tal and upright,
all of same ef¬
ficiency. Quick
steaming power
that’s sure and
equal to every
duty. “Leffel
quality.” Write
for large free
catalogue.

The James
Leffel
& Co.,

Box 140,
Springfield, O

One Operation

is all it takes to break, crush and
grind, either fine or coarse, all
grains for all feed purposes,
when you use the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

They are the fastest,
easiest running, strongest
and most durable mills made. New double cutters;
force feed; never choke. Four sizes, any power.

THE 0. S. KELLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

HARNESS

We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
hack. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
TI1K KING HARNESS CO., 6 Lake St. ,Owego, Tioga Co.,N.Y.

lEarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.
Best on the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F. S. BURCH &C0., 144 Illinois St. Chicago.

F.S.BURCH

NO MOKE BLIND HOUSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARRY CO.. Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured aud for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
FuivbLviiiu, Uvuu.

CRE OF CORN!

1 "Corn la King.*1 Its wonderful possibilities practical- a
I ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work; |

S “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.” ‘

• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-

Istruction and the process of filling, to which is added
_ complete and reliable information regarding Silage and

I” its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations, |
being a Feeders’ and Dairymens’ Guide.

I* I— Advantages of the Silo. IV— How to Make Silage.

II— Building the Silo. V — Feeding Silage.

‘ III— Silage Crop*. VI -A Feeder's Guide.

212 pages of plain, practical Information tor
practical mon. Contains just the things ^
you haro wanted to know and could not find olio- A

whore. Copyrighted. 1903. Pootpaid for 10
cent*, stamps or coin.

THESILVER MFG.CO.,

Salem, Ohio.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our
For particulars write
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pymatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

The Superior
Cream Separator

Gets AI.L the Cream In 60 to 90 min¬
utes. Simple, scientific, practical. Never
fails. 60, (I'd) Farmers use it. Does not mix
water with milk. Least trouble and ex¬
pense. Our Binding Guarantee assures
your satisfaction or money back. Write
today for particulars.

Superior Fence Machine Co.

309 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich.

:22 Cream
Separator

FOR *25.00 w e sell the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR. capacity, 200
pounds per hour; 350 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for *29.00:
600 pounds capacity per hour for
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal of Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
*70.00 to *125.00.

OUR OFFER. ,woV».

rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement If you
do hot find by comparison,
test and use that it will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-lialf more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to u, et our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any preney
you may havepaid for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once and mail
to us, uiul you will receive
by return mall, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVFR HEARD OF. AddreM.

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., ‘CHICAGO.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4,

1 84

SENSIBLE SOILING CROPS.

Most of us are familiar with the story
of the man who, having just missed a
train, after smart sprinting, was informed
by a tantalizing bystander that he didn’t
un quite fast enough. His retort was
that he ran fast enough, but didn’t start
soon enough. If one is after the earliest
soiling crops an inquiry at this season in¬
dicates that he has not started quite soon
enough. Fall-sown rye and wheat seem
to be the first earlies. The laxative qual¬
ity of green rye in early May equals that
of young grass, and comes earlier. Of
course the use of it may easily be carried
to excess, both regarding the condition of
the animal or the quality of the product,
if milk or butter. Rye is one of the foun¬
dation stones of our agriculture. We can
depend upon it to grow ; we are accus¬
tomed to its culture, and, like the mule, it
will stand abuse. This latter is a strong
economic point in its favor, and will be
until farmers know better how to farm.
In general the same can be said of wheat,
although its soil and climatic range is
narrower perhaps ; yet where it will grow
it is palatable about 10 days later than
rye, so that a combination of two parts rye
and one part wheat in total area, sown
separately, makes a good first early crop.
In the earliest cutting of rye considerable
ground must be gone over, as the rye is
still small. This may seem wasteful. But
the importance to hay-fed cattle of the
earliest possible green feed as a laxative
and appetizer, and the fact that the land
:s clear to be replanted with a full season

A PAIR OF GOOD FRIENDS.

crop, potatoes, for instance, offsets this
apparent waste, but is also a reason why
the rye should be given a greater relative
area than the wheat, which will be cut
later when larger. Two and one-half
bushels of rye on rich land, sowed not too
early or too late, September 20 to October
10, is the proper quantity in Connecticut
for soiling purposes. It takes a big fist
and a short step to sow it at once over
if sown by hand.

Rye is a nice crop to follow corn as a
Winter cover. The man with lots of sur¬
plus energy, one of the kind that bangs
around and “hollers” a good deal, will
split corn rows, hammer the stumps to¬
gether to clean off the dirt and dump the
stumps on a stone heap as a bed for run¬
ning blackberries. This method carts off
a lot of valuable material from the ground.
A person disinclined to such arduous
labor can sow his rye directly on the corn
stubble if the corn has had level culture,
and cultivate it in between the rows of
corn stubble just as he cultivates his corn.
A finish with a weeder followed in the
Spring by a field roller twice over will
make a smooth job ready for scythe or
mowing machine.

When the Wheat Gets Tough. —
Now, if this man had started early enough
he would have a field of clover growing
also. In the latter half of May, when
the wheat becomes unpalatable, this clover
will be large enough to feed. The cattle
need no teaching to eat this crop, but we
need lots of teaching yet) to grow it, fa¬
miliar as it is to us. Clover is another
of the foundation stones of our agricul¬
ture. Tt is also another crop for the lazy
man, for it, too, can be sown in the corn¬
field in connection with a last flat shallow
cultivation as the corn begins to show
tassels in late July, using 10 to 12 pounds
of common Red or Mammoth clover per
acre, substituting one-third Alsike if we ^

like. Green clover and early grasses out
of waste corners will carry us to the mid¬
dle of June.

Chance for the Belated Man. — At
this point the chance comes for the man
who didn’t start early enough. A crop of
oats and peas sown in the Spring should
be ready for cutting about June 15. The
oat is another foundation stone of our ag¬
riculture. Everybody knows when and
how to sow oats, partly because the same
latent ability . that can feed a mule can
sow oats. Peas are among the founda¬
tion stones of the family garden, and he
who knows beans knows peas also. Now
when our friend takes his bag of oats, 75
to 80 pounds, to sow an acre, let him take
a bushel of Canada field peas, and sow
with them. From June 15 to July 1 these
are an unsurpassed soiling crop. About
the latter date watch for maturity in the
oat, not in the pea. When the oat berry
begins to turn from milk to dough cut at
once and cure like clover. The cured or
siloed oats and peas and grass from the
hayfield will carry us along until the early
corn begins to silk. Here is another foun¬
dation stone, and you may have noticed
that we have not gone outside of our most
familiar crops to construct a soiling
scheme that reaches up to frost about Oc¬
tober 1. To provide a late Fall green
crop is the most difficult, because the most
uncertain. We trust to Fall pasture and
odds and ends for the first three Weeks
of October. About August 1 barley and
peas, amount per acre like oats and peas,
may be sown for green feed from October
20 to November 15. Barley and peas
stand the late cool weather, and grow lux¬
uriantly some years, but not every year.
We are nearer to gambling with this crop
than with any previously mentioned. The
writer has mowed in barley and peas
waist high in November with a crust
frozen on the ground, yet the foliage and
stems were juicy and palatable. Of
course there is a limit, but the limit is
nearer Thanksgiving than with any other
but a root crop. The success of this crop
may fix the date of silo opening, or this
crop may be omitted and silo feeding be
substituted. The above soiling scheme
may be embellished with a variety of other
crops, some as good as the ones named.
Reference is made to the catalogues. But
the above are our tried and familiar
friends, safest for the beginner. After¬
ward conservative experiment may be
made in the interest of progress.

Connecticut. e. c. birge.

Mistress: “Mary, did you shake the
kitchen stove down before you went to
bed last night?” Maid: “No, mem, I was
afraid it would burn the floor; hut me
cousin, who came in to see me, gave it -a
few kicks.” — Boston Transcript.

Separators

Tubulars Find Gold

in Milk

Good butter is worth 20 to 30 cents a
pound. Butter is worth only one
cent a pound as stock food, yet farm¬
ers using gravity skimmers — pans
and cans that leave half the cream in
the milk — feed that half the cream
to stock, then wonder why dairy-
ing don’t pay.

Can’t find gold with¬
out digging. Can't
make dairying pay
big profits without
getting all the
cream.

TUBULARS

Dig Right Down

to the paying level
— squeeze the last
drop of cream out of milk-
make dairying pay. Tubulars
are the only modern separators.
The picture shows them. Write for
catalogue G-153.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

MINERAL Only Sure Cure.

H remedy P°8fflve a°d Permanent.
~ Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid oil receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.
Mlnaral Heave Remedy Co., 46 1 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

label!

F1 ?iiiiiiimi

Dana’s,, '“'LEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

O. II. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

Ton
can pul-

verize vh// A
more thor- U

oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard
Manure Spreader

because it has a different Beat¬
er, a different Rake and Hood-
load not thrown high in air and
blown about. Spreads full width
and does not vary In width.

Endgate Moves Away From Load.

One lever raises endgate and puts en¬
tire machine in operation. Non-break-
ablo mechanism to change feed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.,

Dept. K, Utica, N. Y.

Maker$ of Harrow*, Cultivch
tori. Potato HarveiUrt,

Eto.

W Taj prefer

ana Pulverizer

Makes fine and spreads evenly. Every¬
thing controlled from seat; start beater
or feed, or both, change to thick or thin
spreading, without stopping. The

Only Low Down Spreader.

Just right for use in cow barns and for
driving under low sheds — easy to load.
Right width to straddle corn rows. No
waste or scattering in yard or on road, no
freezing manure on bos. Solid bottom,
scraped clean every load. Automatic drag
return. Double wheel drive, safety end-gate,
strength to stand the rough driving and the
operating of machine.

Send for Free Catalog M * Tt describes the
modern spreader that has proven itself right.
The Newark Machine Co., Newark, O.

WE have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers. Stockmen, Granger id Farmer sClubs.and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every ne.ghborhood.

THK INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

Manure Spreader,

and avoid all mistakes. The

, — _ ^ _ _ jURyoov — first cost of such a machine

V \ Dy Aoi is considerable and you owe

CLVLvjJ // |\! | , yourself to get the

ft right one in the start. We

have been making Manure
Spreaders for 26 years and
know that the Success is right.
Another proof Is that there are
(jih more of our machines Jn use
"Jytlian of all other makes com¬
bined. Spreads any kind of nia-
I nure, In any condition, lime, salt, ashes, plaster and fertilizer, broadcast or in drills. Slmplosi, strongost,
I lightest draft, easiest to load, and most durable. Full guarantee. Send for our book on Farm Fertility.
It tells the complete story of the Success Manure Spreader. We moll It Iroe.

Kemp & Burpee Manufacturing Co., Box 38, Syraouse, N. Y.

Milking Time

Is the farmer's daily harvest. Unlike the raising of crops or of beef cattle
the dairy account can be balanced almost dally. This enables the dairy
man to know at any time whether he is getting all that he should on his
Investment. I f the cow’s food is not assimilated or is not of the right sort
to make milk the results 6how at once in the milk pail. With these facts
In view we ask every cow keeper to make this experiment.

If you have Just one cow, weigh or measure the milk for ten days, then
for ten days continue the same ration and add Dr. Hess Stock Food as
directed; if you don't have a notable increase, sufficient to pay for the
stock food many times over, your money will be refunded.

Or, if you have a herd, feed Dr. Hess Stock Food to every other cow down
the line as you have them stationed; otherwise give to all cows exactly
the same feed, continue this system of feeding two weeks, measure or
weigh the milk of those getting the stock food, and those that don’t.

These tests will show that a greater quantity of milk Is produced from
the same ration when

Dr. Hess Stock Food

Is fed. A. Holmqulst, Moorhead, Minn, says: “I fed Dr. Hess Stock Food to my
dairy herd of thirty cows, one feed a day for one week, and found that the flow of milk
Increased live gallons per day. 1 then gave two feeds per day and the milk increased
to ten gallons per day. To further test the Stock Food I gave up feeding it and the milk
decreased the ten gallons it had gained. I now feed Dr. Hess Stock Food regularly. ”
It is not a condimental food, but a scientific stock tonic and laxative, the prescription
of I)r. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.), that makes the grain and other foods digest properly, al¬
lowing the least possible amount of nutrition to pass off as waste, and relieves the
minor stock ailments. Good alike for cattle, horses, hogs and sheep.

5(t Pc** pound In 100 lb. sacks; 25 lb. pail. $1-60 f '"m^*

/ Smaller quantitlesalittlehigher. Small dose. G

Smaller quantities a little higher. Small dose. (.West and South.

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

Remember, thnt from the 1st to the 10th of enoh month Dr. Hess will
furnish veterinary advice and prescriptions free if you will mention this paper,
state what stock you have, also what stock food you have fed, and enclose two-cents
for reply. In every package of Hr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that
entitles you to th Is free service at any time.

Dr. Hess Slock Hook Free If you will mention this paper, state how much stock
you have and what kind of stock food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of L>r. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 85

.AiV

BUYING A

CREAM SEPARATOR

Thousands of dairy farmers are going to buy a Cream Separator this
Spring. The purchase of a separator is a most important investment. Great care
should be taken to make no mistake.

No other farm investment is of equal importance to the cream separator.
It makes or wastes money twice every day in the year, and it may last two or
twenty years.

There is easily a difference of from $50- to $150- per year between the
benefits and savings of a De Laval machine and a poor one. A De Laval
machine lasts at least twenty years with small cost for repairs, while other machines
last from two to ten years and cost a great deal meanwhile.

So far as advertisements and circulars are concerned, about as much is
claimed “on paper” for poor machines as for the De Laval. Some of the biggest
claims are made for the poorest and trashiest machines.

If the buyer wishes to be guided by the best experience of others and
the best of authority he must purchase a De Laval machine, a id he can surely
make no mistake in doing so.

Ninety-eight per cent, of the creameries of the world, which have been
using Cream Separators for twenty-five years, now use De Laval machines.
Almost every prominent dairy user does so. 600,000 farmers scattered all over
the world, or more than ten times all others combined, do so. Every important
Exposition for twenty-five years, ending with St. Louis in 1904, has unhesitatingly
granted Highest Honors to the De Laval machines.

But if from any imaginable reason the buyer wants to get his own
experience or make his own choice then let him TRY as many machines as he
pleases, but by all means TRY a De Laval before he reaches a conclusion and
actually invests his money in any of them.

There are De Laval agents in every locality whose business it is to supply
machines in this way, and who are glad of the opportunity to do so. If you
don’t know the nearest agent send for his name and address. It will cost you
nothing and it may save you a good deal.

By all means don’t make the foolish mistake of sending your money in
advance to some “mail order” concern and getting back a “scrub” separator not
actually worth its weight in scrap-iron. If content to buy such a machine at
least SEE and TRY it first before you part with any money.

The De Laval Separator Co

Randolph and Canal Streets

CHICAGO

1213 Filbert Street

PHILADELPHIA

9-11 Drumm Street

SAN FRANCISCO

General Offices

74 Cortlandt Street
NEW YORK

121 Youville Square

MONTREAL

75-77 York Street

TORONTO

248 McDermot Avenue

WINNIPEG

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

March -1,

1 86

CopjhglitcxL

“A Dog on Good Scale.”

You Can Save From $30. to $50.

it

— BY BUYING OCR —

KNODIG

19

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when It leaves our
factory, with the exception of floor planks.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO. ,

Dept. Z 5 Kansas City, Mo. Branch, Dayton, 0.

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE

A Fence — Not a Netting

We make our own wire, galvanize
and weave it into fence, using nothing
but highest grade material.

Users of Union Lock Fence say that
it wears better than any other fence
or netting and is easier and cheaper
to put up.

It not only keeps in chickens young
and old, hut its strength gives abso¬
lute protection to them.

It may be stretched tight without
buckling or sagging in any part, and
conforms to irregularities of the
ground without cutting.

Made in widths from 12 to 84 inches.
Sol d by the rod — not by the square foot
— in rolls of 10 and 20 rods. 50 rods or
more delivered F. O. B. nearest depot.

Catalogue D and
“ A Short Story
for Poultry
Salters ” mailed
free on applica¬
tion.

This Trade-Mark in Colors appears

on Every Koll.

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

MILLS AT

New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill Oakland, Cal.

$1

j A- OO For A

IOmachine

That will weave fence at
cost of wire only. Saves
money. 125 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel Wire
for 100 rods ol' fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CARTER WIRE FENCE
MACHINE CO.

Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio.

8 Years 9 Test

given the Frost Fence by standard R. R. Cos. has
proven to them that it is the best and cheapest fence
to erect. Our new lock will make it doubly so. Send
for sample of new lock and 1005 catalogue.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio

mm \

JHeavieatFence Made. AllNo. 9 Steel Wire i
J.5 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

We also sell direct to farmers at wholesale prices,

^ Coiled Spring. Barb and Soft Galvanized wire.

. Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

: BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER'S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St.. Foreatvllle, Conn

The Only Post Tested By Time.

Go slow on new seeds, new fruits and new In¬
ventions. After ten years trial Bond Steel
Poets are more popular than ever. Used by
the Government in every State In the Union.
By leading railroads, cities, parks, cemeter¬
ies, etc., and local agents for all kinds of wire
fence Increase sales of fence by supplying
these posts, some using carloads every sea¬
son. Every local fence agent should write us.

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Michigan.

INCUBATOR EXPERIENCE.

About four years ago I bought a 120-
egg iroubator, and started my first ex¬
perience in artificial hatching. To have
the outside temperature as even as possi¬
ble 1 put the machine in my cellar, which
has two windows on south side, is rea¬
sonably dry, and never freezes anything.
This incubator is furnished with a hanging
thermometer, which suspends the bulb
one-half to three- fourths of an inch above
the eggs. I was very particular to keep
the temperature at 103 degrees, but when
the three weeks had expired not a chick
was to be seen. The twenty-second day
three or four chicks were out, more on
the twenty-third day and the hatch was
not concluded until the twenty-fourth
day, bringing out, if I remember right,
54 chicks from 120 eggs. Having had
experience with delayed hatches from
hens leaving nests, etc., I saw that the
heat had not been high enough ; so the
next lot of eggs put in were kept at
105 degrees, resulting in a hatch of G7
cl icks. Then I sent for another make
of incubator, tested the thermometer,
which stands upright, the bulb resting on
the eggs. To my astonishment I found
that when the thermometer on the eggs
stood at 103 degrees the hanging ther¬
mometer marked 107. 1 placed the hang¬

ing one on the eggs to see if they were
graded differently, but found that it also
registered 103 when on the eggs. In
each case I w'as very particular to have
the thermometers rest only on good fer¬
tile eggs. This is very important, es¬
pecially after the second week, when the
difference will be from two or more de¬
grees between eggs in which the chick
is developing properly and those with
dead germs, etc. 1 am inclined to think
that the hanging thermometer is best for
the novice after he has learned at what
degree to run it to keep the eggs at 103.

I like to have the hatch commence
early on the twentieth day, and he en¬
tirely finished on the twenty-first. Chicks
that hatch out after that are generally
weak, and will usually die, and if they
do not you will wish they had. This, of
course, doesn't apply to delayed hatches,
where the heat has not been kept, up;
as for instance, where the incubator door
was not closed, or the lamp went out.
1 have had hens shut out accidentally for
half a day in cold weather, the eggs
“stone cold put the hen on again and
the eggs would hatch a half-day later.
I have set a lot of hens in a house by
themselves, and had one persist in leaving
her eggs to get on a nest with another
hen ; find her eggs cold time after time,
but finally hatch a good lot of chicks
two days after the others had finished.
My experience is that nothing short of
freezing will kill a good vigorous chick-
in the shell, especially after the second
week.

Chicks dying in the shell are one of the
most common faults of incubators, and in
my opinion lack of fresh air in sufficient
quantity is the main reason. Of course,
chicks die in the shell sometimes when
set under hens, and then it is probably
owing to lack of vitality in the chick on
account of prenatal influences. But if
incubators hatch only from the most
vigorous germs are they not, then, doing
something to keep up the stock? As
to airing the eggs, I think it is good
practice during the last week of incuba¬
tion to air a room thoroughly, then heat
it to 75 or .80 degrees rapidly, take eggs
out of the incubators and leave them in
the 100m for one to two hours at a time,
but not letting the eggs go below 70
degrees; and if this dries out the eggs
too much as will he shown by increase
in size of air chamber, then put shallow
pans of wafer in incubator.

W'-at is the objection to making an
incubator, with, say, a three-inch diame¬
ter hole opening from the eggs chamber,
right up through the top of the machine,
and the dampe- operating over that in¬
stead of over the* lamp? With four one-
inch holes near the four corners, covered
with the finest screens, to make the intake
slew, every time the damper raised to let
the hot air out of the big hole, fresh
air would be drawn in at the corners, to
supply its place; and this might happen
100 times a day. I think several places
for the escape of the foul air should be
left in or near the bottom of the incu¬
bator. If experiments have been made
along this line, and they have failed, I
would like to know it, and why.

GEO. A. COSGROVE.

"The Resister11

DVisx 3Xmtkote

ROOFING

RESISTS WATER

u±r

A

IJH

; )

An Unfair Test

Water under high pressure is an
unfair test of any roofing — yet Rex
Flintkote perfectly withstands it.

REX FLINTKOTE is the ideal roofing for farm-
buildings and all houses in the country, where severe
storms — both rain and snow — are common, and where the
houses are exposed to the full strength of the elements

Melting snow, which has brought many a shingle and
tin roof to grief, rolls off REX EL1NTKOTE as harmlessly
as water off a duck's back.

An absolutely water-ti^ht roof may be
laid by any ordinary careful laborer

with REX FLINTKOTE, quickly and at small expense.
Laying outfit (except hammer) and directions in each roll.

This roofing resists fire, heat, cold, snow and wear, and
affords perfect protection to the dwelling house as well as the
stock barns and poultry houses.

May We Send You Samples?

Our handsome booklet together with photos of REX
FLINTKOTE buildings, will be gladly sem on
request. Beware of substitutes, "Look for the
jMABKlk. Boy" on every roll. Send us your name to-day.

3. A. & W. BIRD & CO.

TO India St., Boston. Mass.

ANCHOR FENCE

HKST FOR THE FARM

An honest fence made from
honest material, In an honest
■way — gives honest satisfaction.
Send to-day for Catalogue D."

Vnclior Fence & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio.

IWANS’ Post Hole anadu&erll

For Fence and T eUphone Ib*t Hole*, WtlU, Prospecting, «tc. A man
can do three time* the work with an Wan Auger than with any other.

Blxei 3 t0 10 Inch,

Used by U. 8. Gov’t. \ >L __ 12.50 *ach; 12 Inch.

fG. 00; 14 Inch. 18.00
Inquire of your hard¬
ware or implement

"’-**■ - - -

circulars of our tools you need on the farm. 8ample at special price to
Introduce. I wan Brothers, Dept. No, i, Btreator, Ill.

If You Want a FENCE

SEE THAT TWIST!!!

E>

'OB.

That is mado from thebest High Carbon Steel Wire.

That lslli-a'lly Galvanized to prevent rustorcorrosion.

That is COILED to provide for contraction and expansion,
That is Strong Enough to turn the most vicious animal,
That is Woven Closely to turn chickens and small pigs,

That staples to the posts as you would nail a board,

That easily adjusts itself to all uneven surfaces,

That is woven in such a manner that compels every wire
to bear its portion of strain,

That you can Buy Direct from the firm that makes it, with
I Freight Prepaid to your nearest railroad station,

'That you can examine at your railroad station and re¬
turn if it displeases you in any particular,

That you can erect and Use for Thirty Da; b, and if unsat¬
isfactory return at our expense and get your money,
Write for Free Catalog giving full information, Address,

’KITSELMAN BROS, Bo* 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

Stands Like a Stone Wall

Turns Cattle, Horses, Hogs— Is Practically Indestructable.

AMERICAN FENCE

When you buy fence for present needs, are yon thinking of ten— yes, twenty— years
hence? It pays to think ahead— to study the fence question. The fence of greatest
weight per running rod is American.

It is the product of the greatest fence concern in the world. Scientifically woven,
thoroughly galvanized, and with every strand and cable guaranteed by its makers, it is
pre-eminently the fence for the far-sighted farmer, stockman or ranchman to buy.

There’s a dealer in your town who sells
American Fence— Look Him Up.

Spend a cent for a postal card and get our free Fence Book, which is brimful of
interesting information on everything pertaining to fences.

AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO., Dept. 40, Chicago, New York, Denver, San Francisco

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

USE HAND SEPARATOR AT HOME

The creamery to which I send my cream
does not separate the milk. They only re¬
ceive the cream, and as a separator skims
closer than a Cooley or any other creamery,
besides taking less ice to run it, I use the
separator for economy’s sake. It also leaves
the milk in better shape to feed to young
calves, pigs, etc., being warm. After
separating I hang the cream into a barrel
of ice water, the barrel being sunk in the
ground in the wagon house. The creamery
company sends a man around twice a week
to gather the cream, and it keeps sweet with¬
out any trouble. k. h. b.

Valley Falls, N. T.

I have never sold the whole milk to the
creamery and do not think I would care to
do so. The advantages of separating the
milk at home are, that we have the skim-
milk, sweet, with the animal heat, which
once lost can never be replaced — to feed to
pigs, calves and poultry. I know this is
much better than warming up cold skim-
milk. The cream is gathered three times
a week in the Summer and twice a week
In the Winter, which does away with the ex¬
pense of putting up ice. Some cream will
not be accepted, but I have no trouble that
way, as I have good cool well water to
set it in. I have had only one lot of sour
cream left on my hands in four years, or
since I have used a hand separator. I have
no complaint to make. There may be more
profit derived from milk than from the way
I am doing, but as I am situated I know
It is the best I can do. We have good roads,
good churches, good schools, good society,
good air, good water, and above all good
health. We have men here farming who
came here poor, and had to mortgage their
farms, who are well off to-day, and we have
men here who would not do well anywhere.
Old age, death and the desire to make a
change in business, places on the market some
very desirable farms, at r. very reasonable
price. As a rule, any man with good habits,

MESSRS. GOBBLER AND PUSS.

willing to work, and enthusiastic in his call¬
ing, will succeed as a farmer, in this town.

Litchfield Co., Conn. Robert e. horne.

I sent whole milk to station from the day
it first started for 10 years without a fault
(from 41 cows). At the latter date, or seven
years ago, I bought and moved on to an¬
other 40-cow farm that had a hand separator
with the other tools. I was located two
miles from a separator station. Hence I
started separating by horse power, and mak¬
ing butter for four years. At this date the
St. Albans Creamery commenced Its cream¬
gathering system. I was well satisfied with
results from butter-making, but for labor-
saving I fell in with the cream selling, the
remoteness being the main cause. Last Spring
I bought another farm without stock. I have
since put on this last farm 50 cows. To-day
I am operating 150 cows on three farms, all
with hand separators, and selling the cream
from all of them. I prefer it because I have
warm, sweet milk to feed ; the whole of it
and no more. The difference in quality alone
between pure, clean, sweet skim-milk and the
stuff we get from creamery I consider worth
the creamery skim-milk, making my home
skim-milk worth double the creamery milk for
same quantity. All we lose is the butter¬
milk, which we lose here in either case. If
more than one-half mile from station I would
rather separate than draw milk. I consider
it less work and a more satisfactory test, as
it Is a very simple thing to churn a few
pounds of cream at any time that tells you
all about how they are using you better than
any test ever invented. No drawbacks that I
know. If within a few rods of creamery, I
never would advise using home separator.

East Fairfield, Vt. e. j. b.

Our factory has no separator, but gathers
the cream from the farmers, crediting them
according to the butter fat test. The fac¬
tory employs a man, whose sole business is
to collect cream. Even though the factory
had a separator, I should still separate at
home, for the following reasons : I raise
many calves and pigs, and find the feeding
value of the skim-milk too great to dispense

with. I prefer to have the operation of sep¬
arating performed where I can see It in detail,
as I then have a better knowledge of what
each individual cow is doing. In other words,
I keep in closer touch with my herd.

Troy, N. Y. A. D. B.

Our cream is sold and taken at the house
to a creamery where only cream is handled
for butter, and they do not use a separator.
We are paid for per cent butter fat, and the
principal drawback is the variation in per
cent. When we first sold cream it tested 28
per cent and has gradually gone down to
less than 18 per cent, which I am unable
to account for if everything is conducted
honestly. a. r. a.

Millbrook, Conn.

TAKING SHEEP ON SHARES.

Will you tell through The R. N.-Y. the cus¬
tomary terms on which sheep are taken?
The first party simply furnishes the capi¬
tal to buy the sheep ; the second party gets
the flock and takes care of it. w. s. e.

Cattaraugus, N. Y.

I take it that the “first party” owns the
farm on which the sheep are to be kept,
and that their feed would be in part the
property of the owner of land. I should
consider that a fair plan would be to di¬
vide the proceeds arising from the increase
or gain in value of the flock, on the same
basis that the other farm crops are di¬
vided, except that the owner of the sheep
should have enough from the share of the
second party to make good the original in¬
vestment, not in dollars, as there might be
a decline in values, although the flock
were in just as good condition as when
they were put on the farm. This would
make the caretaker more careful and help
to equalize things. The first party other¬
wise takes all the risk, and in company
with a careless or dishonest man might
suffer serious loss, both in the investment
and the keeping. It would be wise to have
a disinterested person appraise the flock
when purchased, and again at the end of
the year or the feeding period. There
would be no more labor in feeding and
caring for the sheep than in putting the
product they eat on the market, in fact
less, and if the tenant stayed on the farm
he would have the manure to grow better
crops. EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

IT IS TRUE ECONOMY

TO FENCE YOUR POULTRY YARD WITH

Page Poultry Fence

BECAUSE it Is made of larger wire— the smallest
being No. 14 ; Stronger wire— all the horizontals
being double strength Page-Wire: Coll Spring
*Vro--niaking a flexible fence that gives and
takes. 8TANDS UP straight under allclimatio
conditions, and can be smoothly erected on hilly
surfaces.

BECAUSE is is so woven that the fabrio cannot
come to pieces; is high, Btrong and close enough
to fence poultry In and stock out; every wiro
is heavily, smoothly and evenly gulvanlzed, and
it will stand for years without repairs— until the
posts rot off.

BECAUSE it can be perfectly erected on few posts
—one every 60 feet being sufficient; requires no
top or bottom boards, and, of course, no nails,
and but few staples.

CREDIT it’s first cost with the saving in posts,
boards, nails, staples and labor of erecting, and
boar in mind it’s greater utility and lasting
Qualities, and, we believe you will agree with us
that Page Poultry Fence is true economy— the
best investment.

Send a postal request for catalog and descriptions.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE GO.

BOX 739/ ) ADRIAN, W1ICH.J

Hallock

Flat Tooth

Weeder

Kills weeds, stirs top soil, makes dust mulch,
preserves moisture. Great benefit to all
crops. Manufactured under special license.
Seeder Attachment insures uniform sowing
and right covering of all grasses. Sows 2 to
18 quarts per acre. Ask for book of field
scenes showing weeder at work.

Keystone Cultivator Attachment

for Sulky, Riding, Walking or Two Row
Cultivators. Runs on .

the row, where shovels
cannot reach. Uncov-
ers corn, stirs soil, |
kills weeds. Great cul- .
tivator feature. MmjL |U \ nil)

Write for descriptive •"nr Ivy win

Keystone Farm Machine Co.,//' I /'

1547 H. Beaver St., York, Pa. ' / '

A T>|> 11 Main Street,

DKVJO.j COLCHESTER, CT

Union Lock Poultry Fence

DON’T SAG, BAG, OR BUCKLE IN
SUMMER’S HEAT or WINTER’S COLD

Fits

Uneven

Grounds,

Stops

Small

ChicKs,

Neat,

Strong,

Durable,

Low

Cost.

Has

Been

Fully

Tested.

..1,1.1,. n S nne mesn (i 1-4 in.) at tne nottom for small

chicks, over 1,000 rods of this fence used on Lakewood Poultry Farm, New Jersey. You
iv‘a 'M‘AUease(,l Wlth . Made in two weights, regular for poultry runs and extra heavy
n!riJW J1 poultry and stock. We Sell Direct to Farmers and Poultry men and accept
orders for any number of rods. Our Low Price Will Surprise You. Write your wants
to ffet factory prices, delivered at your R. R. Station. Catalog of Farm, Lawn and
.Poultry Lence, free. Postal card inquiries answered promptly.

JOHNSTON MOWER NO.

The buyer of farm implements wants the best his money can buy. lie wants imple-
ments that require the least trouble to operate; least expense In repairs; easiest in
draft; greatest Incapacity, that do the work the best. In the
Mower he gets just what he wants— nothing he don’t want,
brains and long experience can produce or money can buy,
you reasons why. We have only space here to hint at some
free Mower booklet gives them all— shows the parts in detail
the Johnston No. 10 is the cheapest mower to buy. It tells why
prevent lost motion; why its draft is so evenly
divided; shows its Steel Roller Bearings
which make it lightest in draft; shows its brass
bushings which prevent heating; tells why it cuts
clean, runs quietly— why it Is the mower you
want. This booklet will post you on the vital

Johnston No. 10

It Is the best that
and we can give
of them, but our
and tells you why

its three pawls

mower points you ought to know
a postal to get information that
many dollars and much disap-
Will also send our 1905 catalog
the Johnston farm Implements
the highest a ward at St, Louis.

The Johnston Harvester Co.

Box C-l Batavia, N. Y.

and costs but
may save you
polntment.
which shows
that captured

OEAB

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. Ills Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk P owcutsafurrow5tolUin. deep, 14 ln.wido

All these machines will kill witch- nTtSiP/lfc . pT*-*"*

grass, wiidmuetard, charlock, hard- /i

hack suntiower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send for cir’lars. (j
CUTAWAY HABKOY7 CO.,

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

Every Style Garden Tool

needed by the home or mar • fjffrf 1
ket gardener. A special tool [ 1 1 U i
for every purpose.

©

9-i

Matthews’ flew Universal

Hand Seeders and Cultivators.

For •▼ery condition of truck (rrovrlng from drill and hill eoeding to lift
cultivation. FREE BOOKLET of valuable information for planti&f
and cultivating the garden give# full doeoriptlooa. Write for it.

AMES PLOW COMPANY, 54

mUIngs Planter and Fertilizer

for corn, beans, peas, beets, etc. One
operation. Seed and fertilizer dropped,,
in hills any dis*
tanco apart.

Tripand marker|
attachments for
planting in rowsf
both ways if want¬
ed.

It

Makes

Things

Grows

Hand Wheel Plows

| (Matthew*’ New Universal)

Hoe, cultivator and rake attachments.
_ A combination indispensiblo on farm.

Ask for our free late catalogue of all garden tools. The up-
to-date gardener’s practicai line.

MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS. _

Buy only the genuine
EARQUHAR Keystone
Corn Planter
Ov _ —

|i|N

DON’T BUY ANY OTHER

Until You Investigate the Merita of a Machine
That Has (Stood the Test of Time.

Plants corn, beans, peas, etc., without cracking a grain or
missing a hill. Drops seed In drills, or In hills at any dis¬
tance. Distributes any kind of fertilizer in any quantity de¬
sired, with absolute safety from injury to seed. Send for
handsome new catalogue of Com Planters, Grain Drills,
Cultivators, Spring Tooth Harrows and oilier farm tools;
also Engines, Boilers, Haw Mills and Threshing Machinery.
We manufacture the largest and most complete line of farm
machinery and implements on the market. 1 1 will be to your
advantage to write to us before buying anything In this line.
Farquliar machinery awarded more Cold Medals at SL
Louis than any other.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., York. Pa.

IRCHARD PROFIT

0. deDends upon working all the
fruit into a salable product,
cider for 1 ngtance. If clear and
pureit sells readily at a profit.
The best Is produced by a

HYDRAULIC c,dperress

Made In varying sizes, hand or:
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC. CO-
38 Cortland! St., Now York,

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOB

FARMERS' LINES

go simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave- Cleveland, O.

Marcfi ?,

1 88

THE RURAL' NEW-YORKER.

W

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

DR. WALTER VAN FLEET, I A n„late.
Mrs. K. T. HOY LE, ) Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 Mi marks, or 10 y3 francs.

« A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. \te
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned Tiie Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser. _ _

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1905.

FORTY PACES!

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

GOOD MORNING!

Have you written that letter to Hon. Thomas C.
Platt ?

What letter?

Why, the letter giving your views on the need of a
parcels post. The Senator wants to know how people
stand on this subject. Help him get close to the people.

His address is Washington, D. C.

*

Is it possible for a man to work in town or city, and
at the same time conduct a farm at a profit — work and
oversight largely done by proxy? R. N.-Y. readers can
usually give facts and experience covering any side of
farming! Can “anyone demonstrate the possibility of
this sort of farming? What can such a man produce,

and how can he produce it?

*

.There seems to be something of a lull in the “boom”
for that famous “seedless” apple ! What’s the matter ?
We are informed that some of these apples were tested
at the Department of Agriculture. They were not as
good as Ben Davis. One had seeds and all large places
for seeds. Would you pay $3 or three cents for a tree

which yields apples “not as good as Ben Davis?”

*

In refusing to consider a bill for giving increased
powers to the Interstate Railroad Commission the
United States Senate discredits both itself and the
House of Representatives. Many people now say:
“Well, the ‘House’ would never have passed the bill if
members had not known the Senate would kill it !”
The United States Senate seems to be afflicted with that

form of dignity which becomes a disease.

*

We have had our say about ginseng. The craze now
seems to be dying out. Few fortunes have been made,
but hundreds of people have spent sums of money which
they are not likely to see again. The craze was no new
thing. There was another nearly 200 years ago, which
is mentioned on page 183 of “Old Quebec,” by Gilbert
Parker:

The cultivation of flax and hemp, and the weaving of
cloth, which had been but a feeble industry since the days
of Talon, now assumed real importance, and Quebec be¬
came the center of considerable shipping trade. Moreover,
the energies of the people presently found another and al¬
luring field. In 1716 a missionary to the Sault Indians
discovered the ginseng root, which as a medical drug, was
quoted in European market at its weight in silver. At
first its price in Quebec was only 40 sols per pound, but
when the people saw its value rising to almost as many
livres the rush of searchers to the woods left all other in¬
dustries at a standstill. Agriculture furnished a slow road
to wealth by comparison with the hunt for the ginseng
plant, and Quebec passed through the fever of a modern gold
rush. Natural and economic conditions, however, provided
their own remedy, and in time the glut of the market and
the extirpation of the ginseng plant sent the fevered
botanists back to their wonted pursuits.

There are always plenty of people who lose their
heads over “novelties,” but the majority of those who
are able to read are growing more conservative. The
true “sucker,” however, dies but never recovers.

Attention is called to the letters from seedsmen on
page 171. We learn that some of the seedsmen make
use of the Government experts by sending seeds to be
tested. As a rule they favor the work of official testing
for grass and clover seeds, but it is evident that vege¬
table or grain seeds require something more than a
microscope and sprouting pan to determine their value.
A chemist may pick apart a sample of fertilizer and
give us a fair idea of its value. We hope that some
other chemist will some day pick apart wire and pipe
and show us something to demand — but evidently no
expert in a laboratory can determine the “character” of
a seed. This character is a part of the care and skill
of the man who grew the seed, and therefore we must
expect to pay a fair price for a seedsman’s honor.
There is a sort of honor of which it may be said that
the more it is sold the larger and more valuable it
becomes.

*

There is no more important subject for fruit growers
to-day than that of spraying. Go into some sections
and see how the scale is killing off the older orchards,
and realize what will be found there in 10 years if the
insect is not held up. No use trying to exterminate
the scale. It is simply a stand-up fight for life. Let
every man understand that before he plants another
tree. The situation is desperate, and many are ready*
to grasp at any new remedy which promises to destroy
the scale. Very little is heard about fumigation now,
for we all know that something more is demanded.
Thus far a well-made mixture of lime, sulphur and salt
seems to be the most effective spray material. That it
is not perfect is made sure by the complaints which
come from some who have given it a fair trial. Per¬
sonally we have great confidence in limoid and kerosene.
We do not claim too much for it; in fact, only ask a
fair trial. The experience of a farm paper in claiming
great things for caustic soda should teach us all caution.
If you do not dare to depend on K.-L. alone, try it on

a part of the orchard at least.

*

The Michigan violet article on first page is especially
valuable because of its moderate tone. We have all
seen glowing newspaper accounts of women violet grow¬
ers who earn $3,000 a year or more from a modest range
of cold frames, and who are pictured daintily sprinkling
their plants from toy watering pots, in a common-sense
costume that begins with a frilly shade hat and ends
with French-heeled slippers. The novice who takes up
such work soon learns that even the fragrant violet
associates with callous hands and blue jean overalls,
and that the simplest forms of greenhouse culture call
for hard work and close study. -Different markets
create different conditions, too; at the present time we
think that in the vicinity of New York the small florist
with limited capital has far less chance than west of
the Alleghanies, unless he bends his energies toward
building up a local trade. However, the person who
produces flowers superior to anyone else can always sell
his stock, whether his establishment is large or small ;
it is the dead level of mediocrity that brings disappoint¬
ing returns, in flowers as in anything else.

*

It will do no one any good to get excited over the
word “bacteria.” It does not follow that our troubles
are all over, and that we are all to grow rich because
inoculation has been found useful on some soils. We
may as well be reasonable in our claims for these bac¬
teria. On poor land where the legumes have not been
grown, or where these legumes, though planted, do not
thrive, it is a wise plan to try inoculation on a reason¬
able scale. The chances are that if plant food is pro¬
vided the crops will do better for inoculation. On
very rich soil there would be little use in adding the
bacteria. In most cases it would be useless to attempt
to inoculate soil where the crop had succeeded. For
example, in a field where Red clover has grown well for
years, we could not expect to increase the yield of Red
clover by adding the bacteria. There have been cases,
however, where clover has grown on a farm for years
and yet seems feeble or “sick.” The addition of new
bacteria has improved the yield in such cases, because
they were more vigorous than those already in the soil.
Thus with these tiny organisms as with farm animals,
the question of “blood” or vigor and breeding is to be
considered.

♦

Mr. Manchester sends us the following little story
which shows that there are still a few Connecticut
Yankees left :

In a local grocery store the other day we saw a paper
carton labeled “Hope Farm eggs,” and as there is only
one Hope Farm to It. N.-Y. readers naturally we were in¬
terested. We inquired where Hope Farm ivas, and the
grocer said, “Down in B— — -,” naming a little hamlet four
miles away. We told him we had lived around here a good
many years and had never heard of a Hope Farm there,
lie smiled then, and said: “To tell the truth, we get these
eggs from Armour. They sell at 28 cents per dozen and
give good satisfaction. They are all graded as to size and
color, and pass for fresh eggs.” Local fresh eggs were
bringing 35 and 40 cents then, and scarce, and many peo¬
ple buy these eggs becouse they are neatly put up and have
the appearance of being local eggs They work all right

for cooking, hut for table use don’t come up to the real fresh
article. Our markets are full of butter said to be creamery
with familiar names, but perhaps made thousands of miles
away. Most people who get things cheap ask few ques¬
tions, and it's fortunate they do, as the answers if true
might be embarrassing.

We know of at least three Hope Farms, one in
Nova Scotia, one in California and one in New Zealand.
“Hope Glen” is in Australia. The owners of these
farms wrote and asked if the name is copyrighted! We
are glad to help extend the circulation of Hope. This
game of trying to use another’s reputation to sell goods
is an old one. J. H. Hale tells us that people buy his
packages and crates, fill them anew with peaches, and
thus try to gain a reputation from his famous red
label. A man must be very small to crawl beneath

another’s man label— after it has been pasted down !

*

Those companies who have been giving away “valua¬
ble” lots on Long Island as prizes for solving puzzles,
only demanding $5 for payment of expenses, have been
put out of business by the Post Office Department.
Says the New York Sun, in describing this fraud :

The Post Office inspectors have pronounced the literature
issued by the company to be the most carefully and artis¬
tically worded that has ever come under their notice. The
property of the company was described as being on the
line of the Long Island Railroad, north of the Quogue
station, but it was not explained that the station is one
and a half miles east of the town of Quogue and that
the property norfh of the station is sand waste, overgrown
in parts with scrub oaks and pines. The literature was
so carefully worded that the only quality directly attrib¬
uted to the property was that It was “high and dry,” which
is cerainly true. Everybody who answered the circular got
a notification that he had “received a ‘Prize Lot Order’
and “is entitled to one lot, size 25x100 feet, upon pay¬
ment of $5 to cover cost of making deed, notary fee, ab¬
stract of title, etc. This amount covers ail payments of
taxes for five years.” Those who won “prize lots” also
had the privilege of buying adjacent lots at from $15 to
$20. A lot winner who got some one else to Invest got 20
per cent of the purchase price as a fee.

It is said by the Post Office inspectors that the three
companies who were thus feeding upon poor human
nature have netted between $100,000 and $150,000. In
the meantime we expect a number of people who have
contributed to their exchequer are skimping on a new
pair of shoes, or cutting out the Spring order of flower
seeds.

BREVITIES .

Apple ! Apple ! Call for apple
Everywhere you go !

Closely scan the bill of fare.

And if “apple” be not there,

Then proceed at once to pare
Cook and landlord down with care.

They will tome with smirking manner
Offering t lie fat banana
Or the orange — be not shaken
In the job you've undertaken.

Apple ! Apple ! Call for apple
Everywhere you go !

Keep the horse's teeth filed down.

Good advice on “How to Spray” — page 162.

Does anyone ever build a square silo nowadays?

Distances and depths in garden culture — page 177.

“Roofing felt” — a shingle under certain conditions.

Read what Mr. White says about peach trees in a hen-
yards, page 174.

How many letters have you written on the wire question?
Never let up on the letters.

At the end of February we were still enjoying Greg¬
ory's Delicious squash, which lives up to its name.

Here’s the way one reader calls for “The Business Hen” :
“Please give the hen a cloth suit of feathers. The paper
covers might moult.”

Savoy or curly cabbage should always find a place in
the home garden. It is much more delicate in flavor than
the hard-headed sorts, preserving the freshness of Sum¬
mer cabbage far in the Winter.

We have often thought that if a man had to tie himself
to a hitching post without any overcoat, while his horse went
into the store to order the groceries, Winter shopping would
be done with an expedition we rarely see now.

This is what a Pennsylvania man says: “If you can
succeed in directing the farmers where or how to get good
fence wire you will gain thousands of subscribers." We can
find the wire faster with more subscribers to help.

Washington florists are disturbed over the proposed in¬
troduction to Congress of a bill which will prohibit the
construction of any building without the supervision of a
master builder. This would prevent a florist from erecting
his own greenhouse, and would also prevent a farmer from
putting up his own barn.

The following “weather report” from Michigan agrees
with our own experience: “Yesterday morning, February
13, it was five degrees below zero here, and 24 in town 1 Vi
mile away, with the air still. This morning it was 10
degrees below here and the same in town, and the wind
blowing a gale.” On still days the colder air seems to
roll down into the valley; when the wind is blowing it is
all stirred up.

Congress has passed the free seed appropriation again.
There were a few more votes and a great deal more ridicule
against it this year, but it went through. Here is a sam¬
ple from the debate — solemnly entered in the Congres¬
sional Record : “Mr. Sheppard — Mr. Chairman, I would like
to state that a request came from Mississippi for some seed
which would grow Adam’s apples. (Daughter.) Mr.
Candler— Adam's apples? Mr. Sheppard— yes. Mr. Candler
— From Mississippi? Mr. Sheppard — Yes. Mr. Candler —
Well, we are the direct descendants of old man Adam, and
we don’t care to cut his acquaintance or the acquaintance
of his apple tree. (Laughter.)”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 89

THE TWO WORLD’S

RECORD CORN CROPS

Described in “THE BOOK OF CORN.” ORANGE JUDD CO., 1903

Under Direction of HERBERT MYRICK.

First Crop, Z. J. Drake, Marlborough Co., S. C.

BUSHELS (GREEN WEIGHT). BUSHELS (CRIB CURED). TOTAL EXPENSE. NET EXPENSE PER BUSHEL

Yield, one acre, 256 239 $264 44 cents.

fertilizer and manure used on one acre: 1,000 bushels stable manure, 4,800 lbs. Manipulated Guano, 1,800 lbs. Cotton Seed Meal, 400 lbs. Bone and Acid
Phosphate, lop dressing in May: 400 lbs. Nitrate of Soda. Total, 7,400 lbs. fertilizer in addition to the stable manure. Variety corn, Southern White Dent.

Second Crop, Alfred Rose, Yates County, New York

BUSHELS (GREEN WEIGHT). BUSHELS (CRIB CURED). TOTAL EXPENSE.

Yield, one acre, 213 191 $62

Fertilizer used on one acre: 800 lbs. Mapes corn Manure alone. No stable manure. Soil, sandy loam.
— From The American Agriculturist.

NET EXPENSE PER BUSHEL

16 cents.

Variety corn, Early Mastodon.

The Great Corn Contest of the American Agriculturist

^45 Crops in All)

Crops 213, 119, and 95 bushels each ; grown on one measured acre exclusively with the Mapes Corn Manure.

Of tins great crop, 213 bushels, shelled corn, grown in Yates County, N. Y., with the Mapes Corn Manure (800 pounds per acre)
exclusively, the American Agriculturist says: “If we allow only $15 as the value of the tops for fodder, and make no account of bottom
stalks, the cost comes within twenty cents a bushel (shelled corn).”

I he largest crop grown with fertilizers other than the Mapes (45 crops in all) was 84 bushels (chemically dried, 60 bushels).

Some large crops grown with the Mapes Corn Manure, and reported in the agricultural press:

, *’040, bush?!s of corn (ears) on less than 4^ acres, equal to 233^ bushels, or 116J4 bushels shelled corn, per acre, grown on farm of Rural New-Yorker,

witn the Mapes Lorn Manure.

Ninety bushels (shelled) with 500 pounds per acre. 150 bushels (shelled) with 600 pounds per acre. Value of grain alone over five times as much as
the cost of the fertilizer. — American Agriculturist.

New Yorker hl'ndred a"d fifty_six bushe,s (ears) on four acres- 159-37 bllsheIs on one acre. 125.37 bushels on one acre. Nothing used but the Mapes.— Rural

On two acres, 600 pounds of Mapes alone, broadcast, 198 bushels shelled corn. On three acres, same fertilizer, same quantity, 489 bushels (ears) Grown
by Dr. Henry Stewart. — New England Homestead.

One hundred and eighty bushels of ears per acre; shelled, 98.45 bushels. 2,058 bushels (ears) on 16 acres. Only Mapes (800 pounds per acre) used —
Connecticut Farmer.

CORN A RENOVATING CROP

From the American Agriculturist

Hie Mapes Corn Manure alone was used on the large crops recently described in American Agriculturist, but such yields are possible
only by an exceptional combination of season, sunshine, moisture, soil, texture and fertilization, and by the use of seed that will produce two or
more ears per stalk. Corn is a comparatively sure crop, and Prof. Mapes says that, with judicious fertilization, it can be made a renovating
crop and not an exhausting crop as is generally supposed, bringing up the land to good condition for grass or general crops, besides making
money from the start, and having the field left clean and free of weeds.

In sending for pamphlets, please state the crops in which you are particularly interested.

THE MAPES FORMULA AND PERUVIAN GUANO GO.

143 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK

(From (he American Agriculturist, February 4th, 1905.)

GOOD WORK WELL DONE

What a satisfaction there is to both the producer and the consumer of a good article! To harvest a big yield of lovely smooth potatoes is a positive joy.
louejcpenence it again when you sell them, because the buyer shares your enthusiasm, and you know that every time they come smoking hot upon his table
well done W' 3 J°'n y°Ur °Wn sat‘s*act'un- 1 be same >s true of choice fruits, other produce, or live stock. It is the satisfaction that comes from good work

1 his same satisfied feeling is entertained by those who use the same fertilizer year after year because of the profitable results they derive from the invest-

• V it be any of the Mapes manures, for instance, the farmer, gardener, fruit grower or trucker consumes them in quantities from one ton to 1000 tons

uneie are single cultivators who actually use more than 1,000 tons of Mapes manure) one year with another, with absolute certainty of crop results, weather and

culture permitting. Farmers have learned by experience that the merits of the Mapes manures can be depended upon every time.

Not only that, but great numbers of specialists and farmers have come to feel a personal regard for Professor Charles V. Mapes that is as deserved as

we know it is appreciated. The Mapes idea, in business is to do just as near right as human power can accomplish — to use only materials of the best quality; to

blend them in the manner which practice and science prove to be wisest, to manufacture the goods in the most perfect way, to sell them at only a fair profit^ and
to trive the trade and consumers such service that one and all shall be eminently pleased with the Mapes manures, not alone this year but every year. A different
policy might enable Prof. Mapes to earn larger dividends for awhile, for in the Mapes manures you get 100 cents in value for every dollar, but it would not comport
with his ideas of satisfaction or yours.

Prof. Mapes continues to devote much attention to so preparing catalogs of Mapes manures for various classes of crops that they shall be a practical guide

to the use of fertilizers and an epitome of the progress of knowledge about fertilization. The Mapes booklets for 1905 will be found as indispensable as ever

alike to the large or small consumer of fertilizers or to the novice.

March 4,

i9o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

From Day to Day.

FATE.

The sky is clouded, (lie rooks are bare!

The spray of the tempest Is white in air;
The winds are out with the waves at play.
And I shall not tempt the sea to-day.

The trail is narrow, the wood is dim,

The panther clings to the arching limb ;
And the lion’s whelps are abroad at play.
And I shall not join in the chase to-day.

But the ship sailed safely over the sea,

And the hunters came from the chase in glee;
And the town that was builded upon a rock
Was swallowed up in the earthquake shock.

— Bret Harte.

*

Among comforts in Winter undergar¬
ments we may include a mohair petticoat
with flannelette lining. 1 his has all the
warmth of an outer petticoat with flannel
underskirt, without the uncomfortable
“bunching” of the ordinary flannel skirt
in walking. Such a skirt, in fine black
mohair with umbrella flounce and pleated
ruffle, costs $2,75.

*

Some of the baskets made by the Amer¬
ican Indians are extremely elaborate in

weave, and show effects that other work¬
ers are unable to acquire. Fine displays
of this work are offered by dealers in the
large cities. One very elaborate basket
noted was the feathered Poma, in which
rare feathers woven into grass form a
beautiful pattern on the outside, without
showing on the inside at all ; the basket
being further decorated with wampum and
beads. This basket, about seven inches
across, costs from $25 to $65. Strangely
decorated baskets from the Aleutian
Islands cost $20 to $40, but the hand¬
somest specimens are made by Indians
within the United States.

*

Eggs cooked in French fashion, a la
maitre d’hotel, will make a pleasant
change. Put the eggs in boiling water
and boil for six minutes; then take from
the fire and dip in cold water, taking them
out immediately; this is to render shelling
easy. When shelled, cut the eggs through
lengthwise and lay them on a hot dish
on which maitre d'hotel butter has been
melted. With a spoon cover the eggs
with this sauce, which is made as follows :
Mix with a spoon on a plate a piece of
butter the size of an egg with a table¬
spoonful of finely chopped parsley, a pinch
of salt, and pepper. Put it on a hot plat¬
ter to melt. This sauce is often served
with fish, broiled meat or boiled vege¬
tables. It is very nice with new potatoes.
Eggs boiled as above described are also
very good with strained tomato, or pars¬
ley sauce, while another variation is given
by using black butter, sauce au beurre

noir. To make this, brown half a cupful
of butter in the frying pan as brown as it
can be made without burning, then add
two tablespoon fuls of vinegar, salt and
pepper. This sauce is very good with fish
also. Some of these simple but appetiz¬
ing sauces do much to relieve the monot¬
ony of Lenten fare.

*

The newest baby’s dresses are no longer
gored at the sides, but have an inverted
box pleat under each arm, which gives all
the fullness necessary at the bottom, with¬
out sagging out of shape, as a gored seam
so often does. This style is used for any
simple yoke dresses up to the age of five.
A very useful garment for a young baby
is a combination cape and hood, which is
all made in one piece. It consists of a
square of soft cashmere, lined with China
silk, one corner being rounded off to form
the hood. Eyelets are worked across the
corner and also around the hood portion,
so that riDDon maybe run through to draw
it into shape. When it needs washing the
ribbons are taken out, and the cape is

merely a flat piece, easily laundered. It
may be bound with ribbon, or buttonholed
around the edge, being decorated or left
plain as desired. This simple cape is a
great comfort to the baby if the house is
drafty or irregularly heated, being free
from the objections of a heavier wrap.
Baby’s bootees made of fleece-lined pique
are one of the novelties ; they wash much
better than those knitted or crocheted, and
are quite as warm. Another new idea is
a baby’s coat that buttons down the back
instead of the front, so that the child’s
chest is never exposed to cold winds; the
deep cape collar is of the same material,
but without wadding. An improvement in
baby’s bonnets is making them without in¬
terlining, a small wadded cap being worn
inside. This greatly facilitates launder¬
ing, as the wadded cap may be washed
separately. We notice, too, that the little
sacques are now fastened with tiny but¬
tons and loops, thus depriving baby of the
innocent pleasure he usually derives from
swallowing the ribbon ties to the verge of
choking. These sacques are all without
collars, which form an uncomfortable wad
around the tiny throat. The flannel band
which used to be wound tightly around

the baby, and firmly pinned, has now given
way to a soft knitted band that is slipped
over the head, and kept in place by straps
over the shoulders, which are knitted to
form one piece with the band. This band
is worn for warmth, not support, and is
recommended until the child is four or five
years old, as a preventive of intestinal dis¬
orders. Flannel petticoats are now made
all in one piece, a sleeveless slip buttoned
on the shoulders, thus doing away with
the muslin band.

A SPRING BREAKFAST.

A Question About Soap.

My wife is rather a successful soap boil¬
er in a general way, but in her efforts with
the raw suet or tallow from beeves her
success is not what she would wish, the
result being apparently too greasy. Can
any of your subscribers explain the trou¬
ble? D- m.

Pennsylvania.

Two Soap Recipes.

Soft Soap. — My recipe calls for nine
pounds of potash (no concentrated lye
will do; I pay 10 cents per pound); 12
pounds of clean grease, any kind will do
if it is well cleaned and strained. 1 use
brass kettles, as I have them. Put the
potash in, pouring over it two gallons of
soft water; stir every day till dissolved.
Heat the grease, add the lye and a gallon
of boiling water, stirring vigorously; add
some hot water each day when you stir it.
After putting in the first lye I add some
water to the sediment at least twice, so as
to get all the strength. I do not let the
sediment go in, as it makes the soap dark.
This will make 16 gallons, one-half barrel,
the consistency of jelly and the color of
manila paper. Do not touch the potash
with your hands. They used to call it
cold soap, as it was never boiled. It can
be made cold, but the hot water makes it
easier to mix. Get a good strong barrel
to put it in. a. m. f.

Hard Soap. — One can Babbitt's potash;

one quart and one gill cold water ; five
pounds and three ounces strained grease;
two tablespoonfuls powdered borax; two
tablespoon fuls powdered ammonia. Stir
potash with wooden spoon into cold
water till dissolved ; let stand till cooled.
Stir lye into the warm (not hot) grease
till thoroughly mixed. Add borax and
ammonia, and stir 20 minutes. Line drip¬
ping pan with thick brown paper; oil
paper from melting grease. Before it hard¬
ens mark the shape desired. Next day
cut and place in warm room to dry. This
recipe is from the Swanton, Vt., Cook
Book. I have used it with perfect suc¬
cess. c. L. E.

Sure Warmth

In hot air heating the heat is expected
to “come up” through registers placed
in the most protected part of the room.
It has to be so “coaxed” in — especially
on windy days. Stoves of course heat
the rooms only in “ spots.”

In steam or hot water warming the
heat is compelled to circulate through
the hollow pipes and radiators, which
are placed wherever warmth is most
needed.

AffiRION

Jl Radiators

&

DEAL

Boilers

carry warmth uniformly to all parts of the build¬
ing, no matter how stormy or hitter cold. The
farm or city family suffering from a cold house
would be surprised to know how quickly, simply,
noiselessly our outfit is put in, and brings great
comfort and fuel economy.

Write for free booklet “ Heating Investments.”

j[MEl?IGMgADIATQI?rOA\PAN7

Good lamp-chimneys
one make

mv name on ’em all.

j

Macbeth.

How to take care of lamps, including the
getting of right-shape chimneys, is in my
Index ; sent free.

Macbeth. Pittsburgh.

NOW IS THE TIME

to decorate your home; don’t buy wall papers
until you see our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks
and Ingrains at 5 to cts. per roll. We save
you 50 p.c.; we defy competition. Write for
our book of samples sent free, which includes
all instructions to hang your own paper.
Consumers Wall Paper and Supply Co.
Greenpoint, Brooklyn, N. Y .

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get onlerH lor our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, SjdceH, Kxtracts and Raking
Powder. Beautiful Pretents and Coupons
with every purchase. C HARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St. ,New York.

%?WE WANT AGENTS

in every town to ride and sell our bicycles.
Good pay. Finest guaranteed 1305 MODELS,
with Puncture-Proof f f ^ Q/f

tires, Coaster- Brakes ^

130.1 k 1304 Models tff f O

of Best Makes . • Iu ^

500 Second-Hand Wheels

■ All makes & Mod- Q *n O
lela good as new
I CLEARING SALE at half cost.

We SHIP ON APPROVAL and

TEN DAYS TRIAL to anyone

without a cent deposit. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.

TIKES? SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOTTK OWN TELEPHONE LINE.

Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.
Large Catalog No. 9 Fkee.

CONNECTICUT TELE, 4. ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.

Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin _

—————— ■■tii

PHONE NEWS

FOR FARMERS

GREAT ACTIVITY
AMONG FARMERS

Everywhere farmers
-e awakening to modern
ieas.

Just now there is great
itivity among farmers
i establishing and build-
i': telephone lines
, over this country,
be telephone saves
me in getting
elp in a hurry;
eeps the farmer in
>uch with the mar-
eta at all times, and
i case of emergency
ets assistance from
eighbors or the city
ithout delay. The
uilding of private and
arty lines has been so
[mplified and cheapened
y the introduction of

Slromberg-Carlson

Telephones

oat every neighborhood,
o matter how small, can
■ell airord its own tele¬
hone line.

For farmers lines none
but the best telephones
will do— instruments that
are practically perfect,
that do not require con¬
stant adjusting and
‘•tinkering” to keep them
talking right. There are
many telephones offered
to farmers that are
actually not lit for
such service. It
pays to get good
instruments at the
start. Stromberg-
Carlson Telephones
meet every need of
the farmers line.
Write for book F 102
“Telephone Facts
for Farmers” how
to organize your neigh¬
bors and build _ a lino*

Ask for book 102 telling
how successful lines have
been built.

STROMBERG-CARLSON
TELEPHONE MFG. CO.

Rochester, N Y..
Chicago, III.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural Patterns.

Simple little frocks that fall in unbroken
lines from a generous yoke are exceeding¬
ly becoming to small folk, and are always
in style. This one includes an attractive
bertha and sleeves that are full both at
the shoulders and wrists in 'bishop style.
As illustrated the material is Persian lawn
with the yoke of inserted tucking. The
dress is cut in one portion and is gathered
at its upper edge and attached to the yoke.

4947 Child’s Round Yoke Dress,
6 mos. to 4 yrs.

the joining being concealed by the bertha,
which consists of a straight frill simply
gathered at its upper edge. The sleeves
are in one piece each, finished by the
wristbands, and at the neck is a narrow
standing collar. The quantity of mate¬
rial required for a girl of two years of
age is 3J4 yards 27 or 2*4 yards 36 inches
wide, with )4 yard of tucking and one
yard of edging. The pattern 4947 is cut
in sizes for children of six months, 1, 2
and 4 years; price 10 cents.

Simple blouses made with yokes and full
backs are among the best liked for young
boys, being thoroughly comfortable as well
as attractive in appearance. This one in¬
cludes shirt sleeves and a turn-over collar,
which is detachable. As illustrated it is
made of blue linen, but the design suits
light weight flannels as well as cotton and
linen stuffs. The blouse is made with
fronts and back, the latter being gathered

at its upper edge and joined to the yoke,
which is stitched over on to the fronts at
the shoulders. The sleeves are finished
with over-laps and straight cuffs, and
there is a pocket on the left front, while
the closing is made through the box pleat
at the center. The quantity of material
required for the medium size (eight years)
is 2*4 yards 27 or 1)4 yard 36 inches wide.
1 he pattern 4957 is cut in sizes for boys
of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years of age; price
10 cents.

The simple wrapper, No. 4942, can be
made with a lining that extends to the
waist line or without, the full portions
being joined to the yoke, as may be pre¬
ferred. In the case of the model the ma¬
terial is ring dotted challie trimmed with
bands of velvet ribbon, but the model
makes an excellent one for the washable
fabrics of warm weather. The wrapper
is made with the fitted lining, which is

faced to form the yoke, fronts and back,
these last being gathered and arranged
over the lining on indicated lines, or
joined to the yoke when the lining is
omitted. The sleeves are full at both
shoulders and wrists and are finished with

straight cuffs. At the neck is a turn¬
over collar. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 9 yards 27,
8(4 yards 32, or 5)4 yards 44 inches wide,
with 9 yards of banding to trim as illus¬
trated. The pattern 4942 is cut in sizes
for 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 inch bust
measure ; price 10 cents.

Persimmon Pudding. — Remove hull or
cap and mash persimmons through colan¬
der (the bottom of a pint cup being the
best thing I can use), and to one quart
of the pulp take one pint (or a little more
if liked) of grated sweet potatoes. Add

4942 Wrapper or House Gown,
32 to 44 bust.

three eggs, 2*4 cupfuls sugar, two cupfuls
sweet milk, one cup flour, two teaspoon¬
fuls baking powder, two tablespoonfuls
butter. Mix and bake, and you will find
the old-fashioned southern persimmon
pudding very nice. Nice whole persim¬
mons, packed in jar in sugar, alternate
layers, will be better than figs or dates.

_ MARGARET E. Ti RIGGS.

PureWhIteJead

on your house adds money value
and dignity. Pure White Lead
will preserve a good fresh appear¬
ance longer than any other paint
— it is impervious to sudden
weather changes, wears evenly
and smoothly and retains a good
appearance for several years
longer than any substitute.

Our Booklet “ What Paint and
Why ” tells this and names the
brands of White Lead that are
purest and best. Sent free from
any of our branches.

National Lead Company

Largest makers of White Lead in the world.

New York, Buffalo, Chicago, Boston, Cincinnati,
St. Louis, Cleveland.

National Lead & Oil Co. John T. Lewis & Bros. Co,
Pittsburg. Philadelphia.

When

St* Jacobs Oil

The old monk cure, strong, straight, sure, tackles

Hurts, Sprains, Bruises

The muscles flex, the kinks untwist,
the soreness dies out. Price 25c. and 50c.

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it at
Oven our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermomiiir 820,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of the larg¬
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the entire prod¬
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro¬
curable article at a big saving , we know we can satisfy you.

Send Postal for Free Catalogue No. 114

WE
PAY
THE
FREIGHT

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for ali kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with s.jecial
reference to long life and economy of fuel. ‘All
blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.
Ail cook stoves and ranges equipped
with patented oven thermometer.

It save fuel and makes baking easy.

Investigate our offer and
save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

You Don’t Buy Trouble

But Wash Day Comfort and
Pleasure when you buy the

Acme Washing Machine

Built right, works right and IS ALL right. Washes
thoroughly finest fabrics or heaviest woolens. No
center post to stain or tear the clothes. Steam-tight
top— simply raise it and lean it against handle to
drain— no lifting from tub. Strong, well-braced hard¬
wood stand for tub, basket and wringer. Honestly
constructed, best materials, best workmanship, hand¬
somely finished. Saves your health, strength and
patience. Try it — if it does not do — MORE Work,
Better Work, with Less Effort than any other
machine made, your money will be refunded.

If your dealer hasn't the Acme, write us to-day.

Acme Washing Machine Company
Columbus, Ohio

On Long or Short
9 ^ Term Investments

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days' notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ing from day received to
day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY received at any
time lu the year, yields

5 p. c. per annum for
over 7 day we have It.

You should learn how »ar our
operation* are removed from
any element of ((peculation.
Conner vative investor 8 will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and profit without t lie
annoyance of Individual mort-
tfatfe loans. Write for par-
ticu re.

Assets, . 81, 700.000
Surplus and Profits,
8160,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

1134 Broadway, New Yoke.

THE HESSEER

Best and cheap¬
est Uural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
Rural Mail Box. and a small price.

H, E, Hessler Go., Factory 8, Syracuse, N,Y.

DARN? of Plank‘. save Timber and Cash. Best

LmilllO Cheapest. Strongest. 8,000 in 14 states. Boot
for stamp. SHAWVKl< uUOTHKKS.Bellefontaine.u

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St,, N, Y.

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three great pursuits have
again shown wonderful re¬
sults on the

FREE

HOMESTEAD LANDS

or

WESTERN

CANADA

Magnificent Climate— Farmers plowi
in their shirt sleeves in the middle
November. ‘‘All are bound to be mo
thun pleased with the final results
the pust season’s harvests.”— Extract.
Coal, wood, water, hay in abundunci
schools, churches markets convenient.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinte
dent of Immigration, Ottuwu, Can., or

_ _ THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.'

Mention this paper.

THAT COUGH

JAYNE'S

EXPECTORANT

An almost* infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat* and Lungs,
known used the world over for
almost a Century.

GT IT FROM EYOUR DRUGGIST,

192

I

March 4,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A Flower Bed.

Last Summer I planned to fill the long
bed at the foot of the terrace with some
unfamiliar flowers. For a background 1
chose the pink Cosmos. I started the seed
in the house the last of March, but I
found the plants were not started early
enough, as the frosts cut them down in
all their feathery beauty, laden with buds.
The Cosmos is certainly one of the most
charming of Autumn flowers.

One portion of the bed I devoted to
the golden Bartonia. I had promised my¬
self much enjoyment from the golden
blossoms, but some foe claimed the plants
one by one, until but one remained. This
was growing thriftily, and its soft large
leaves promised a fitting frame for the
golden blossoms, but, alas, this one too
fell, as I found it one morning neatly cut
from its roots. I was as successful with
Browallia as I was unsuccessful with the
Bartonia. I started a few of the plants
in the house, starting a few in the flower
bed in case the plants did not bear trans¬
planting well. I found that the seed ger¬
minates readily, and that the seedlings
bear transplanting remarkably well. This
is the most satisfactory blue flower I have
yet raised. The plants are of a neat,
bushy growth two feet high, the blossoms
a deep, bright blue with a white center.
The separate blooms are something over
half an inch in diameter, but the plant
bears so profusely that the result was a
mass of beautiful blue, from middle Sum¬
mer until frost came. The white touch
for this bed was furnished by that good
old stand-by, sweet Alyssum.

Last year I planted the Chinese Kudzu.
Its growth was slow, but for this the cat¬
alogue had prepared me. It is claimed
that the second season it proves itself
worthy of the name of Jack-and-the-bean-
stalk vine, so in case that the Winter does
not prove too severe I shall expect to be
shaded next Summer by its handsome
foliage and refreshed by the delicate fra¬
grance of its Wistaria-like flowers.

HELEN C. ANDREWS.

Notes from Virginia.

A line in The R. N.-Y. caught my eye,
“Spring is near.” A glance out of the
window, where an awning of ice and snow
projects four feet beyond the edge of the
roof without support of posts or brackets,
on its way off, let- us hope, and the drifts
from the last blizzard are from two to
five feet deep, with the addition of sev¬
eral snows and three sleets as reinforce¬
ment. “Ossa upon Pelion piled.’ It does
not look very convincing, yet the sun is
shining brightly to-day, and quite a strong
southwesterly wind blowing will wear
away some of it.

The pork question is being viewed from
all sides, which is the right way to learn
about it. Circumstances, place and hogs,
all go to make a difference as to profit.
Good breeds and good care, and seasons
when fruit was plentiful and garden stuffs
grew well, have made hog-raising quite
profitable with us. Our hogs have nearly
always had range of field and woods;
later the orchard fenced in two lots and in
severe weather their sheds with yards for
exercise. AVe have never lost any but
twice, the first from eating poisonous
mushrooms, and the second from the chol¬
era, which was brought on the place when
we bought shotes for fattening. For
meat for home use and for sale we have
always considered them an indispensable
part of the furnishings of the farm stock.

For sausage, we have used the follow¬
ing formula for years, and it gives general
satisfaction : To every 10 pounds of meat
use three ounces of salt, one of black pep¬
per, one-half ounce of sage rubbed fine.
Having all ingredients weighed, put a
layer of the meat cut in strips, sprinkle the
mixed seasoning over it, another layer of
meat with more seasoning, distributing as
evenly as possible. Run twice through the
grinder, and when it is put on the table
it is surprising to see how quickly it van¬
ishes.

For chilblains, dip the frosted feet or
hands in lye made from wood ashes or

soda, so hot they cannot be held in, but
dip again and again until it is cool enough
to hold them in. This is best done at
bed time. You may need to repeat it if
the first application does not entirely re¬
lieve. .Oil of peppermint will relieve in
some cases.

Thanks for the formula for Bologna
sausage; I have often wished to know
how to make it ; also crackers. Can any¬
one tell whether the bread machines ad¬
vertised will work dough for crackers and
Maryland biscuit? If so, it will make sale
for at least one of them. The biscuit
would be made oftener if it were not for
the inevitable “pounding.”

Will some one tell how to make the
“Frankfurters” used for picnics and
lunches? R. l. m.

R. N.-Y. — We do not think the bread-
mixer would be effective in making beaten
biscuit, though it is admirable in its reg¬
ular use. One of our Virginia friends,
however, tells us that she makes her
beaten biscuit by running the dough re¬
peatedly through the meat chopper until
experience shows that it is mixed, and
this lightens labor wonderfully.

We have no recipe for Frankfort sau¬
sage, and hope some reader will con¬
tribute it. A recipe given in a book de¬
voted to pork merely advises chopping
both fat and lean pork, moistening with
water and filling into skins, which is very
sketchy information, since commercial
Frankfort sausage tastes as though both
pickled and smoked.

MARLIN REPEATING SHOT GUN

NEW MODEL No. 17

12 GAUGE

The Cheapest Good Gun Yet Made 1

It has a solid frame (not take*
down) and a straight grip stock.
It is made of the best material in
every detail, Is extremely clean,
simple and light — weighs only
71-2 pounds. The workman¬
ship and finish are perfect.
Several improvements In the
operating parts make It the
easiest, most reliable and best
working gun In existence.

Barrels are especially bored
for smokeless powder as well as
black, and so chambered that
a 3-4 inch or a 5-8 Inch shells
may be used. The barrels are
full choked and using i 1-4
ounces of No. 8 chilled shot are
guaranteed to target better than
325 pellets In a 30-lnch circle at
40 yards.

The omission of the take-down
feature saves a number of pieces
and enables us to offer the gun
at a much lower price than any
high-grade repeating shot gun
has ever been regularly sold be¬
fore. This model is up to the
famous high Marlin standard
in every respect.

Ask your dealer to show you
— or send j stamps for cata¬
logue and Marlin £x-
perie7ice Book — full of
good-luck gun stories.

The MARLIN FIRE ARMS
COMPANY

157 Willow Street

New Haven, Conn.

FREE BEAUTIFUL LAMP

For selling only 40 pkts. of my Flower
Seed. Lamp 16 in. high, 7 in. shade in
fancy decoration— all complete and free
for selling only 40 pkts. of flower seed.
Send your name and I will send seed.
When sold return me the money and I
will send the lamp free. I will take
back all seed you cannot sell. Seed all
put up i n fancy litho bags. Send at once.
Wm. 1>. Burt, Box 25, Bolton, N. V.

WAY GET SOAKED

WHEN i4s

f'ISH

OILED
CLOTHING

BLACHORrtUOW

WILL KEEP YOU DRY

IN THE

HARDEST STORM?

LOOK FOR A&0VE TRADE MARK BEWARE Of IMITATIONi

CATALOGUES FREE

SHOWING FULL LINE OF GARMENTS AND HATS
A. J. TOWER CO., BOSTON. MASS., U.S.A.
TOWER CANADIAN CO , LTD., TORONTO. CANADA.

MARKS’ !!!K LIMBS

WITH RUBBER HANDS AND FEET
The Most Comfortable. Durable and Natural
Although a man may lose both of
his legs, he Is not necessarily helpless.
By using artificial legs with Mark#’
Patent Rubber Feet he can be restored
to hia usefulness.

The engraving Is from an Instan¬
taneous photograph of a man ascend¬
ing a ladder. He has two artificial legs
substituting his natural
ones, which were crushed
by a railroad accident
and amputated. With
his rubberfeet he can
ascend or descend
i a ladder, balance
Lblmself on the
Irungs, and have his
“hands at liberty.

He can work at a
bench and earn a
good day’s wages.

He can walk and /
mingle with per¬
sons without be¬
traying bis loss;

In fact, he Is restored to his former
self for all practical purposes.

With the old method of complicated
ankle-joints these results could not be
so thoroughly attained.

Over 30,000 In use, scattered in
all parts of the world. Many of
these have been supplied with¬
out presenting themselves to us,
by sending measurements on
our illustrated measuring sheet,
which anyone can easily fill out.
Received 42 Highest Awards
Purchased by the U. a. Government and many
foreign governments. A treatise of 500 pages and
measuring sheet SENT FREE.

A ■ * T\T jA i ,

701 Broadway, New York City.

For Your Face's Sake

use nothing but the fam¬
ous, old reliable, soothing
and healing

WILLIAMS’ lHoviNp

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and how to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

Rare Palms, Ferns, and
Decorative Plants

for the home; trees, shrubs,
vines, etc., for the lawn; fruit
and economic trees and plants
for the Tropics and for the
South. Also Bamboos, Coni¬
fers, Aquatics, etc., etc. Im¬
mense collection. Illustrated
catalog sent free on request.

ESTABLISHED 1883.

REASONER BROTHERS

ONECO, FLORIDA

EVERGREENS

forest trees, nursery grown and hardy
everywhere. All sizes for all purposes,
at lowest prices. 50 bargain lots, all
first class, prepaid, tl to $10 per 100.
Catalogue and bargain sheet free.
D. Hill, Evtrgreen Specialist, Dundti, III.

12 Roses »*■ for 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Eaiserlu,
Etoile de Lyon, Marquise De Querhoent, Marie Van
Houtte, and others of equal value; ail labelled. All
grown on their own roots. This is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. W. R. GRAY,
Box 1, Oakton. Fairfax County, Va.

It costs little if any more
to get select stock of
choicest varieties. Every¬
body is pleased with or-

_ _ _ ders filled from my field

grown bushes. Hardy, strong rooted, vigorous. All the
fine varieties. Try an order and see how- they’ll come
along next season. It will pay you to plant Wood's
Small Fruits— all my own growing. Catalog free.

ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Grower,
Rochester, New York,

Roses

Strawberries

Grown by the pedigree sys¬
tem. Biggest and Best
Berries, and lots of them.

$2.00 a 1,000

and Upwards.

Strawberry plants by the
1,000,000, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries,
r Currants, Grapes. All the
good old and many choice new
varieties. Illustrated, descrip-
T tive catalogue giving prices and
T telling how to plant and grow them,
Free to all. For 30 years a small fruit
specialist. 250 acres in berries.

i x I nveft I ittle .Silver. N. J.

We will F'urnisli Free, a booklet, testimonials and
full information on

Running Water

Niagara Hydraulic Ram

Cheaper than a Windmill or Gas En¬
gine. Uses no fuel, needs no attention,
works night and day, wherever there s
a stream or spring
The 20th Century Automatic
Pump. Costs nothing to run.

The U. S. Government uses it,
so does the Pennsylvania R. R.

If you need lots of water, at
little cost, write to-day. Niagara

Hydraulic Eugiue Co.. Cheater, Pa., 140 Naaaau St., Kept It, N. Y-

Vaughan’s

NEW BABY RAMBLER ROSE

THE EVERBL00MING DWARF CRIMSON RAMBLER

This beautiful new French rose flowers in dusters
of from thirty to fifty blooms. They are in every way
like those of the Climbing Crimson Rambler and are
produced perpetually. We have closely watched this
new Rose in our greenhouses since November. 1903.
and they have never been without flowers from that
time until the present day. We had a large bed in
our grounds and the plants were constantly in bloom
until November — even in the hottest weather. This
is a remarkable record. We have grown thousands
of varieties of Roses but have never met one that
possessed all these remarkable qualities combined.

It is the Rose for bedding out. No garden, no
matter how small or large, should be without it,
There is no Rose in existence that equals it in freedom
of bloom and perpetual blooming qualities. It grows
about 2xz feet high.

Prices: 2 INCH POT PLANTS, ready March 20, each
40c., 3 for $1, 12 for $4, prepaid by mail. 100 for
$25, by express

DORMANT one year old field plants, ready now.
Each 75e., 3 for $2, 12 for 7.50, 100 for $55; if to
go by mail add 5c. per plant. After May 15th. which
is too late for dormant plants, we will send 4 inch
pot plants instead of dormant ones. Price: each.
OOe., 3 for $1.75, 12 for $0.50, 100 for $50, by ex¬
press.

X2f~ We also have a few hundred of extra large 3-year-
old plants, which we offer at $2.00 each, 3 for $5.00, 12
for $18.00, while stock lasts.

Vaughan’s Seed Store

84-86 Randolph St., Chicago 14 Barclay St., New York

ARE BOLD ON HONOR.

Our Superb 100-page Catalog
describes all that is newest
and best in V e g e ta bl k 8,

Flowers and Hoses. It is /res;
send for It to-day.

Special NASTURTIUM Offer.

Fok 10C. we will Bend, postpaid, 6 large
packets of our new Giant-flowering NAS¬
TURTIUMS (all different color*). They are
abaolutely unrivalled. They never disappoint.

ELBRIDUE E. WHEELER
8 Elm Street Bridgeport, Conn.

Evtry

Horn#*110111*1"

adorned

with Palms and other leaf
and flowering Plants. We
hare 44 greenhouses full.
• Also hare hundreds of car-
, loads of Fruit and Orna¬
mental Tree*. Shrub*, Hoses,
Plants, Vine*, Bulbs, Seeds.
Rarest new. choicest old.
Mail size postpaid, safe arri¬
val and satisfaction guaran¬
teed. Larger by express or

_ _ freight. Direct deal will

ave you money— try It. Elegant 168-page catalogue
free. 61 years. 1000 acres, 44 greenhouses.

TUB STORKS Sc HARRISON CO.,
BOX 226PAINESVILLE. OHIO.

$5 Farm

At West Egg Harbor, ISI. J.

On direct line of Reading and Pennsylvania
Railroads. Level, rich, loamy soli, free irom
rocks and stones. Only 17 miles from ocean and
that greatest of seashore resorts Atlantic City.
Convenient to good schools, churches, stores and
railroad stations; also to largest and bestrpayiiig
markets in America. Almost perfect climate.
No severe weather either way. Plowing can
generally be commenced in February. Location
high, dry, healthy. No swamps. No malaria.
Pure water. Title insured and guaranteed free
and clear. Immediate possession, if desired. If
you wish, we'll build you a house and take pay¬
ment same as rent. 8oil especially su'table for
truck, vegetables and for strawberries and other
early fruits, and raising poultry, which brings
fancy prices. Five acres. $100. If you wish only
a garden plot we will sell an acre for $35. Re¬
member our terms— only $5 down and $5 monthly.

Thousands of men in this part of South Jersey
make handsome Incomes from five-ace plots.
If you want a real estate investment that will
increase rapidly in value, send for our booklet.

DOBBS & FRAZIER

620 Bailey Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 93

House=Grown Seedlings.

At about this season many hopeful
young gardeners will be filling neat boxes
with finely prepared soil and consigning
to them packets of excellent seeds. There
will be faithful watering and much watch¬
ing, lively faith and much anticipation.
The boxes will be carried from window to
window to catch an all day’s sunshine.
They will be sprinkled and coddled; cov¬
ered witn glass and uncovered ; placed
over the kitchen range for bottom heat
and given i esh air on fine days. More
than one box will warp, and its thin, neat
sides curve out so that the water will
trickle out, leaving a cake of dry earth
within. If the seeds sprout they will, in
many of those petted seed flats, throw up
long, weak stems so fragile as to lop over
under any attack of either dryness or
stodgy moisture. It will be difficult to
keep the seedlings sufficiently robust to en¬
dure a removal to the rougher conditions
of the flower border. All this I know, for
I have had many season’s familiarity with
the neat, thin seed box. Some sorts of
seeds I could never make sprout in them.
Salvia was one kind. I know an old lady
who always has a great flaming circle of
Salvia somewhere lighting up her green
lawn every Summer. You know Salvia
seed is one of the easiest sorts to save,
so this gorgeous flower bed costs my old
lady not a cent, for she raises the plants
for it, and also many more, for she has
always a few dozen to give away at plant¬
ing out time.

"Why, there’s nothing easier,” she ex¬
plains, “I take an old milk pan ; if it is
a verv leaky one so much the better. You
can put in a piece of old cloth to keep the
dirt from rattling through. I don’t sow
my seeds till near the end of March, and
by that time it will do to set the pan be¬
fore a south window upstairs. I always
have plenty of plants, and so will you if
you do just as I tell you to.”

And now Salvia plants I have, enough
and to give away, and also other sorts of
seedlings I had once given up in despair.
My old lady’s plan secures, you see, the
few essentials; light, moisture and a fairly
even temperature. The pan being of tin
does not allow much evaporation and con¬
sequent drying out about the sides ; being
old and dull it does not attract the sun’s
rays. It holds as much soil as it is con¬
venient to carry around, enough not to dry
out, as shallow boxes will. Naturally you
do not sow seeds very close to its edges,
and a good deal of the necessary watering
may be done there without coming up or
washing out the seeds in the center. As
a window ornament the old pan is very
unlovely, but who has not an unused
south window where appearances go for
naught? It is of no use to start seeds
very early in ordinary living rooms, for
they become too drawn to give good re¬
sults. PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

Flower Notes.

A friend said to me to-day: “Your
rubber tree is too big; you should start
new ones.”

“How.”

‘'Well, I saw how it was done at a
greenhouse last Fall. You just select a
good, strong shoot, and -about 12 or 15
inches from the top make a small incision
with a sharp knife below a joint; then
saturate a good-sized ball of packing moss
with water and tie it around the cut
tightly. Keep it moist until the roots
spread through it, which will not take a
great while; then cut off the shoot and
pot it.”

I shall make the experiment in May
when packing moss from the nurseries is
plentiful. It is necessary that the ball
of moss be kept constantly moist; if it
dries out entirely only once the attempt at
propagation is spoiled. The friend who
gave me the above advice has two win¬
dows filled with beautiful double red
geraniums of one variety only, and as the
plants are all about the same size, from
slins started in the early Summer, the eF
feet is most charming. It struck me as
an admirable illustration of the theory of
concentration ; grow one thing and grow
it well. Shall I confess that my own win¬
dows are a flat contradiction of this the¬
ory? Here you will find everything un¬
der the sun and doing very well, if you
please. On a bracket to the left of one
window there is a fine specimen of the
Otto Hacker Begonia, with dark silky
leaves 11 inches long by four wide and
blossoms of rich coral, similar to the old
Rubra, but much larger. On the right-
hand bracket is an “elephant ear"’ Be¬
gonia, the upper side of the leaves being
a shiny green, the under side hairy red,
and the blossoms small and white. The
plant is of drooping habit, and shows to
best advantage on a bracket. The window

shelf supports a pot of Paper White Nar¬
cissus that has been very sweet, an Im-
patiens Sultani, whose never-failing rosy
blooms and deep green foliage make it one
of our best window plants ; then there
is a variegated Coleus, two golden-leaved
geraniums, a tiny Fuchsia, a “baby” prim-
re : and a blue Petunia — the last a waif
that I found in a bed in which had flour¬
ished Petunias year before last, and the
little plant is just about blooming itself to
death trying to show its grateful heart.

On a small table at one side of the
window is a graceful Sword fern with
Wandering Jew hanging over the table
and down to the floor ; at another window
is a Boston fern. Ferns, I think, belong
tc the “let-me-alone” club. Give them
good light, water when they need it, and
don’t touch them if you can help it. It
makes me cringe to see a visitor fondle
the leaves of a plant, even if she does say:
“Oh, how pretty !” My Sword fern didn’t
have a bath all last Summer, and it grew
and grew into a lovely specimen of health
and beauty. The new Pierson fern I am
in love with, but haven’t one to call my
own at present. Until Spring I shall ad¬
mire, but not covet my neighbor’s pet. To
return to my own plants, at another sit¬
ting room window are primroses on the
brackets, a French Begonia, always in
bloom, on the shelf with some geraniums,
Oxalis and one heliotrope, not in blos¬
som at present. In the corner to the
right of the window stands the rubber
tree, full eight feet tall, with its many
branches drawn together with cords to
make it fit into the corner. In the dining
room is the nursery, where Narcissi, hya¬
cinths, Freesias and little geraniums and
Begonias are studying their life’s lesson.

I told you last year about my seedling
Gloxinias. Four of them blossomed dur¬
ing the Summer and called forth many
exclamations of admiration from our vis¬
itors, many of whom had never before
viewed the delicate wax-like flower, and
not one of our callers had ever seen any
Gloxinias outside of a greenhouse. The
flowers are trumpet-shaped, and the first
one that opened was of a deep, rosy pink
shading down the throat to crimson ; the
next delicate pink with a white throat ; the
third pure white and the fourth rich crim¬
son beautifully spotted and tigered. The
blossoms remain in almost perfect condi¬
tion for about to days. The leaves are
broad, thick and velvety. I gave the plants
the early morning sun and kept them in
a light, airy hall the rest of the day. They
are. thirsty little plants, and drink from
their saucers. When through blooming
they were dried off gradually and the
bulbs stored away for the Winter.

DOCIA DYKINS.

Parched Com

Last Fall I saved out some ears of sweet
corn that had grown too old to cook, and
turning the husk back from the ear tied
them in bunches and hung them in the
shed to dry. This Winter I occasionally
go out and get two or three ears and shell
them into the corn popper, which I then
proceed to agitate on the top of the
kitchen stove. The corn soon begins to
pop. It makes more noise than regular
popcorn, but does not pop out white. They
need thorough cooking. When they are
done just right — experience will tell when
— they are taken off the stove and allowed
to cool. If one has good teeth they chew
easily, being crisp and not too hard, and
they have a very nice, sweet taste. If
one’s teeth are not equal to chewing them
they may be ground in a coffee mill, and
when eaten with cream and a little salt
they are delicious. Some people never
have good luck popping corn, and they
blame the corn, when in reality it is the
fault of the fire. Take the top of the
kitchen stove when it is nearly red hot,
and any decent corn cannot help popping
well, if the popper is kept moving briskly.
Did you ever eat it with milk, slightly
salted? It makes a good Sunday supper,
being light and easy to get. s. b. r.

it is

Baking

Powder

that makes the

Delicious Biscuit,
Griddle Cake
and Doughnut

3£s J&£4tUCtt€-f

RUBEROID

TRADEMARK REGISTERED

When you buy Roofing for your house, barns or poultry
houses, look for the above name on the label and on the
under side of the material, where it is stamped every four
feet. RUBEROID ROOFING was the first weather¬
proof and elastic Roofing made. It is to-day, as it has been
for fourteen years, the recognized standard ready-to-lay
Roofing. Nothing approaches it in durability. Weather¬
proof. Fire-resisting. We guarantee every yard of it.
Send for samples and Booklet K.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY

SOLE MANUFACTURERS

ioo WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK

CLEVELAND

OHIO

ORIGINATORS OF THE
STEEL, RANGE

born]

Steel Ranges J

THE RELIABLE MAKE g

Correctly built of the right materials, they save 0
fuel and give years of satisfactory service. Sizes N
for every requirement. Catalog free. #

The Born Steel Range Company ♦

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y»

Jacopy ofJ/!2C^S*1905I

j Garden^ Florol Guide
Mailed FREE on Reguest

/ James Vick's Sons .301 Main 5l RoculskrM 1

L — . ✓ f

/CAULIFLOWER SEED

Ejr KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

5,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS

of all leading varieties, new and standard, price
$1.75 per M, safe delivery guaranteed. Our plants
are shipped to all parts of the country. A customer
Says: “The ti.GOO Strawberry Plants received in best
condition, good roots, plants are growing nicely."
I). R. Grigg, Greenville, III. Our stock of Plants is
the best in the world. Wholesale and retail illus¬
trated Catalog free. Write to-day and save money.
Address, W. S. PERDUE & SONS,

Box 115, Parsonsburg, Maryland.

=GRAPE VINES

09 Varletle*. Alto Small Fruit*. Tree*, Arc. Beat root*
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FKEOONI A,N.Y.

RUBY RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and to-day is ahead of all others for profit to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list.

C. G. VELIK & SON, Marlborough, N. Y.

Valley View Fruit Farm.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The bes t shipping and selling tomato ever introduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. orll.OO per oz., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandanch, L. I., N. V.

FIRST PRIZE MEDAL SISSSSSSS:

shown at St. Louis Fair. Write for catalogue, a. T
GOLDSOROUGH, Wesley Heights. Washington, D. C.

Strawberry Plants

and Seed Potatoes.

You can make more money if Mp-MraM

you plant intelligently. W rite £sb. k
and tell us about your soil. Bt R-CTf-Aj

We’ll send you our Free Descriptive V % v

Book. Over 100 varieties. V ", ' .

THE FLANSBURG & PEIRS0N CO

LESLIE, MICH.

Qfl If A DIETICC BE9T NEW and

nil V AnlZ. 1 ICo ''tiiiilafilSmiwin-,

ll-W Ras’by, Grape and
Blk'by plants, Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices,
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.

A. R. WESTON & CO.

R. F. 1). N j. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

$33.00 PACIFIC COAST.

Tickets on sale daily, March 1 to May 15,
Chicago to San Francisco, Los Angeles, Port¬
land, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria and Van¬
couver via the Chicago, Union Pacific and

North-Western Line. Correspondingly low

rates from other points. Daily and person¬
ally conducted excursions in Pullman tourist
sleeping cars from Chicago to Portland, San
Francisco and Los Angeles without change.
Double berth only $7.00. Fast trains, choice
of routes. Meals in dining cars (a la carte.)
Booklets and folders sent postpaid on receipt
of 4 cents in stamps. All agents sell tickets
via this line. Address II. B. I.oucks, Jr.

Gen’l Agt., 301 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

GRAPE VINES

BY MAIL, POSTPAID.

SAFE ahkival in good condition guaranteed

15 VINKS, a each, Niagara. Brighton, Worden, $1

20 Niagara .... $1—100 Ex. or frt., $2.50
20 Brighton ... $1 “ “ $3.00

20 Catawba .... $1 ** “ $2.50

20 Worden .... $1 ** “ $2.50

25 Concord .... $1 ‘ * $1.50

10 Campbell’s Early, $1 “ “ $6.50

To induce early orders, 1 will mail on receipt of
each order, 12 Gladiolus Bulbs, fine mixed colors.
The vines in early spring. Send for price list of
Vines, Small Fruits, Roses, etc.

J. H. TRYON, Willoughby, Ohio.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4,

1 94

markets

Prices received at New York during week

ending February 25, 1905. Wholesale except

as noted :

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1 , Northern, Duluth

No. 2, red, Winter .

Corn, mixed .

Oats . .

Itye .

Barley . .

J 1.27Mi
@1.24%
@ 541/4
@ 38
@ 81
@ 48

MILLFEED.

City bran . 20.00

Middlings . 22.00

Gluten . 25.00

Cotton-seed meal . 20.00

@22.00
(a 25.00
@28.00
@30.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime . . .

No. 1 .

No. 2 .

No. 3 .

Clover, mixed

Clover .

Straw, long rye
Short and oat

80

@

82

%

75

1

80

70

75

62 %@

67

%

65

70

60

@

65

1.00

w

1.05

45

@

70

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.61 per 40-
quart can, netting 3% cents per quart in 26-
cent freight zone where there are no station
charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

@

35%

(n)

34

Seconds .

, 30

@

32

Thirds .

27

@

29

Storage, extra .

33

@

33%

Lower grades .

25

@

30

State dairy .

24

@

32

Factory, extra .

, -

@

29

Seconds to firsts .

23

@

27

Lower grades .

20

@

22

Renovated, extra .

28

@

28 1 ,

Lower grades .

20

@

25

Packing stock .

20

@

25

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

—

@

13%

Choice to fine .

1 2 % @

13

Fair to good .

1 1 % @

12

Poor .

10

@

11

Large sizes, one-fourth cent

less.

Part skims .

8% @

9%

Full skims .

4

@

5

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, white .

33

@

34

White, good to choice .

31

@

32

Fresh gathered, mixed .

30

@

31

Western and S n, 2ds to Ists..

24

@

30

Storage, finest .

—

@

26

Lower grades .

. 22

@

24

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy. . . .

—

@

7

Evaporated, choice .

% @

5%

Evaporated, prime .

5

% (a

5%

Sun dried .

(S)

3%

Chops, 1 0Olbs .

1.40

@1.60

Cores and skins . : . .

1.00

@1.10

Cherries .

1 3 % @

14%

Raspberries .

23

@

23%

Blackberries .

6%@

7

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots :

Timothy, bushel of 45 lbs . — @ 2.75

Kentucky, Blue grass, 100 lbs. — @12.00

Red top,’ 100 lbs . — @14.00

Awnless Brome grass, 100 lbs. — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . • — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alslke, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

Clover, medium red. 100 lbs... — @17.00

APPLES.

Jonathan, bbl . 2.50 @4.00

King . 2.50 @3.50

Spitzenburg . 2.50 @3.50

Spy . . . 2.00 @3.25

Baldwin . 1.50 @2.50

Greening . 1.50 @3.00

Ben Davis . 1.50 @12.50

VARIOUS FRUITS.

Cranberries, fancy, bbl . 6.00 @8.50

Poor to good . 3.00 @5.00

Strawberries, fancy, qt . 65 @ 75

Under grades . 25 @ 50

Pineapples, 30s to 24s . 1.75 @>2.25

Oranges. Calif, navel, box.... 2. 75 @3.60

Florida, Ind. River, fancy.. 3. 25 @4.00

Lower grades . 1.25 @2.25

POTATOES.

Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50 @2.00

State and Western, 180 lbs.... 1.25 @11.50

Jersey, 180 lbs . 1.12 @1.37

Maine, 168-lb. bag . 1.20 @1.40

Bermuda, choice . . 5.00 @6.00

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl.. ..2. 00 @4.50

SALADS AND GREEN STUFFS.

Artichokes, Calif., dozen . 75 @1.25

Brussels sprouts, qt . 6 @ 14

Cabbage, Danish seed, red,

ton . 25.00 @30.00

Danish seed, white . 10.00 @14.00

Domestic seed . 6.00 @10.00

Celery, fancy, dozen . 30 @ 60

Chicory and escarol, N.O., bbl. 4. 00 @7.00

Lettuce, Florida, prime, %-bbl.

basket . 3.50 @5.00

Poor to good . 1.00 @3.00

Romaine, 3-pk. basket . 1.00 @2.00

Spinach, bbl . 1.00 @4.00

String beans, 3-pk. bkt . 3.00 @15.00

Peas, 3-pk. basket . 2.00 @7.00

Peppers, 24-qt. carrier . 1.00 @2.50

VARIOUS VEGETABLES.

Beets and carrots, bbl . 1.00 @1.50

Cauliflowers. L. I., bbl . 1.00 @5.00

Egg plants, bu. box . 1.50 @4.00

Onions, Eastern, white, bbl... 3. 00 @7.00

Red and yellow . 2.50 @3.00

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25 @1.75

Tomatoes, 24-qt. carrier . 1.00 @4.00

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, prime, dozen . 1.25 @1.75

Lettuce, dozen . 25 @ 75

Mushrooms. lb . 25 @ 60

Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.25 @2.50

Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ 25

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime, light . 11 %@ 12

Fair to good . 10 @ 11

Barnyards . 5 @ 7

Lambs, head . 5.00 @10.00

Heavy . 5%@ 6

Hogs, light . . . 6%@ 7%

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, lb . — @ 12

Fowls . — @ 14%

Roosters . — @ 10

Turkeys . , . — @ 15

Ducks', pair . . , , , . . 60 @ 80

Geese, pair . . ,.,,,......1.25 @1.62

Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 15 @ 20

Capons, large, fancy . 23 @ 24

Small and slips . 15 @ 17

Chickens, choice . 18 @ 21

Under grades . 13 @ 17

Fowls . 12 @ 14

Squabs, dozen . 2.00 @3.75

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.75 @5.90

Bulls . 2.90 @4.50

Cows . 1.75 @3.80

Calves, veal . 5.08 (a 10.00

Barnyards . 3.50 @3.75

Sheep . 4.50 @6.25

Lambs . 8.50 @9.25

Hogs . 5.60 @5.65

FURS.

Black bear . 10.00@ 20.00

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00 Oj 10.00

Badger . G0@ 80

Otter . 9.00 @ 15.00

Beaver, large . 6.00@ 8.00

Medium . 4.00 @ 6.00

Small . 2.00@ 3.00

Silver fox . . .. 50.00@250.00

Cross fox . 5.00 @ 10.00

Red fox . 2.00 @ 4.00

Gray fox . 75 @ 90

Fisher . 4.00 @ 8.00

Wolf, prairie . 1.50@ 2.00

Timber . 2.00@ 4.00

Wolverine . 4.00@ 7.00

Lynx . 4.00@ 6.00

Wild cat . 40 @ 75

Civet cat . 25 @ 50

House cat, black . — @ 25

House cat, colored1 . 8 @ 10

Marten, dark . 6.00 @ 12.00

Pale . 3.00 @ 5.00

Shunk, black . 1.50 @ —

Half-striped . 1.00 @ —

Long-triped . 80 @ —

Striped . 50@ —

White . 20 @

Raccoon . 60@ 1.50

Opossum, large . 55@ 60

Medium . 30 @ 35

Small . 15@ 18

Kits . 5 @

Rabbit . 1 % @

Mink . 2.50 5.00

Muskrat, Winter . 14@ In

Kits . 2@ 3

Fall . 9@ 10

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Sin¬
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @48.50

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — @10.00

Ivainit, 12 per cent potash... — @12.00

Dried blood . — @45.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — @20.00

Peruvian guano . — @37.00

“Tell you how it was,” said the land¬
lord of the tavern at Polkville. “He said
he was from Ypsilanti, Michigan (spelled
it out for ’em) and they just nacherly
took and rid hint out of town on a rail.”
“But, great guns ! what occasion was there
for treating him so?” asked the tourist in
surprise. “Why — ” “Aw, you see, they
didn’t believe no such a dad-dogged word
as that was the name of any place on earth
— they just ’lowed it was sort of an Ana¬
nias. They didn’t like a stranger to start
in a-lvin’ so early in the game.” — Chicago
Record-Herald.

Pin Hoe or Spring Hoe.
Square Tube Steel ^
Frame. Lifting
Lever at End.

Spring Preft-
sure In
Front,

Medium Weight Hoes* which travel
at Vnlform Depth. Accurate
Land Surveyor. Evenly Bal*
anced. N o N eek W eight.

Light Draft.

A Drill
With a Record

It has met with the unqual¬
ified approval of farmers who
haveuseditforyears. Unsurpassed
for accurate sowing, durability, econ¬
omy, and ease of operation. Work¬
ing parts simple and easy of access.
Machine perfectly controlled and regulated
while in motion. Has double run force grain
feed, with cone gear for change of quantity. Non-
Corrosive Glass Fertilizer Distributor, thrown out of gear
by independent lever. This is a drill of highest grade,
fully illustrating the superiority of the Buckeye line;
its excellency will appeal to you. Your dealer has it— ask
him; or write to us for complete descriptive catalogue.

P. P. MAST & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

Fifty Years of Success. The sim-
plest and best remedy for Coughs
LlffliKiUI and Throat Troubles. In boxes only.

imitations. d

OETAIL Milk Business FOR SALE, profits
*Y $3, ,000 to $5,000 yearly. Address,

MILKMAN, Woodmere, New York

150 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH H. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N. Y.

vgg ATTENTION FARMERS!

. If you have soft

OIO. P. HAMMOND. E8T. 1876. PRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO..

U 4 ground, send for this

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot-

(f' X Horses can work

— TL— ■_ •-tfe — Thousands are in use.

: = Hr--- = Send t.n-dav. this mav

house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

84 A 36 Little 12th St.. New York.

not appear again.

M. GATES, Decatur, Mich.

Oldest Commission

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

A ^ t OL a cured to STAY CUBED. No

medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Mayes, Buffalo, N. Y-

D USINESS MANAGER wanted in every town to man-
D age branch office and superintend force of sales-
men-Big money. Nocanvassing. No capital required.
Can be managed with other work or business. Par¬
ticulars on application. Give references. William
C. Moore & Co., Dept. A., Nurserymen, Newark, N. Y.

ATT ENT 1 ON'Smh

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty

I. HERZ. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York.

Lambs

Dressed Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products, Fancy
Eggs, Fruits, Vegetables. Write us what you have
to offer. Top Prices for Choice Products.
ARCHDEACON & CO.. 100 Murray St., New York

Pure Canada Hardwood Ashes

The Best, Cheapest and Most Lasting Fertilizer,

The Joynt Brand is the best

Joynt's ashes are all collected from house to house.
Now is the time to order a carload for this season.
Write for prices to JOHN JOYNT,

Lycknow, Ontario, Canada
Reference: Bradstreet’s Agency

rnn DECT possible results Ship Apples, Sweet

run DkO 1 Potatoes, Poultry, Eggs, Calves &
Pork to DAVID AUSTIN. 204 Duane St.. New York.

Buvers Demand Cooled Milk

Creameries, condenseries, and wholesale milk buyers in general require producers
to cool and aerate the milk. Champion Milk Cooler removes animal beat and stable
odors, prevents quick souring and saves ice. If you sell direct to consumers, they want
milk that keeps, and butter tree from taint, so you need a Champion Cooler to hold
their trade. Write to-day for valuable free booklet, "Milk and Its Care,” and catalog
of dairy apparatus. CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO., 9 Squires St., Cortland, N. Y.

Buy a Champion Milk Cooler and Aerator

TWO WORLD’S RECORDS

that concern EVERT farmer and dairyman

ARE HELD BY

THE IMPROVED

U. S. CREAM SEPARATOR

THE WORLD’S CHAMPION
DAIRY BUTTERMAKER

The SWEEPSTAKES, and every
highest dairy score in the four great,
butter scoring contests Open to the
world, at the World's Fair, St. Louis,
1904, were awarded to butter made from
U. S. Separator cream. “U. S.''|
Quality Wins l

The World’s
Champion Skimmer

The U. S. Cream Separator has I
indisputably and conclusively proven
that it is the closest skimming separator
in the world. In 50 consecutive runs it'
averaged to leave only .0138 of one
per cent, of butter fat in the skimmilk.

NEVER EQUALLED BY ANY OTHER SEPARATOR

I Notv these records mean something to YOU. Find out about it.

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Transfer houses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Portland, Me.,
Kansas City, Mo./ Buffalo, N. Y., San Francisco, Cal , Montreal and Sher¬
brooke, Que., Hamilton, Ont. Address all letters to Bellows Falls.

389

flFI A WARP Northern farmers disgusted with
ULLM iTnllLi long, cold winters, poor markets,
and foreign neighbors are strongly advised to come
to Delaware which has the best climate and markets
In America, wah good land at reasonable prices.
Write for list of farms, maps, etc., to Delaware Real
Estate Agency, P. O. Box, 376 Dover, Delaware.

CflD CAI P Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
1 wiv Buildings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar

Maples, equipped. Good Dairy. 165 Acres on main
road. $40.00 per acre. One-third down. Bal. to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

Experienced and Capable
Dairyman to take charge of
large Jersey herd. Must be a
good worker and understand his business in every
particular. Married man preferred. Give experience,
wages expected and all information toenable prompt
selection of right man. Address P. O. Box 629 New
York City.

III _ X — J IN all parts of the United

rdimb ¥¥ CtilTBlI States. I can sell for cash.
Write B. E. GGODALK, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

LOW price of cotton makes best land In Ala¬
bama cheap. For full information address
SOUTH ALABAMA LAND & IMP. OO.

Troy, Alabama

f imil* For rich farming and fruit growing,
r AnlHd Write J. D. S. HANSON, Hart. Mich.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn

MAPS,Keports.Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Beet
Markets. State Board on- Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

I IGHT BRAHMA COCKERELS, PRIZE STOCK.
L C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y.

CAB CAI E — Farm of 17 acres located on D. & R
run OMLk Q-. r. R. New Mexico. 1200 to 1500
Fruit trees— good house and out-buildings. Excel¬
lent climate for health seekers, especially favorable
for lungtroubleorasthma. Price S3, 500. Address
W. P. GOULD, Deming, New Mexico.

S TROUTS SPECIAL LISTS illustrated, of
200 farm bargains in New England, New York,
Delaware, Maryland and the South, mailed FREE
by E. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau Street,
New York City, or Tiemont Temple, Boston.

WANTED

Within Two Hundred Miles of New York City.

A MILL PROPERTY

with water power of about 1,000 horse power:
must have good shipping facilities. Send full
particulars with lowest CASH price, to
WM. ANGUS, Box 1, Station V, New York,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

1 95

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

Few people outside of the publishing
business can understand the amount of
work and energy required to get out a
special number like this one, which we
now place in the hands of our readers.
It had to be all planned and thought
out nearly three months’ ago. I will not
detain you with the details of the work.
You are interested only in the result,
and we submit it to you, confident of
your interest and of your approval. No
doubt you will see features which might
be improved upon. We do not for a mo¬
ment think it perfect, but it is the best
we could do for the time being.

These annual Special Horticultural
Numbers have been a development. The
first one had 20 pages, the second 24
pages. When we went to 32 pages, we
though we reached the limit, but last
year we put on a cover extra, making 36
pages, and the present number has 40
pages. The special number began in the
way of giving brief reviews of the seed
and nursery catalogues. The intention
was to give the readers a fair idea of the
novelties put on the market by the dif¬
ferent houses, and to tell them briefly
what they might expect to find in the
different catalogues. This led to the dis¬
cussion of spraying and fruit growing
generally up to the present number with
its wealth of timely and reliable editorial
discussion of horticultural subjects.

We have always insisted that a paper
which represented any particular calling
should do justice to that interest in both
appearance and character. The paper
that represents the farmer is no exception,
and we wanted this number of The R.
N.-Y. to do justice to the great horti¬
cultural industry of this country. Good
paper, good ink and good printing costs
big money, and entails lots of hard work
and modern hustle, but we feel a pride
and a satisfaction in the result that no
amount of profit in dollars and cents could
give from an issue in which profit alone
was the principal consideration.

Advertisers have been quick to appre¬
ciate such a number of a farm paper
as this. This is the time they are look¬
ing for trade. What they say now is of
scarcely less interest to the reader than
the editorial colurns. You are as much in¬
terested to know where to buy to advan¬
tage as the manufacturer is to know
where to sell. We know of no number of a
farm paper ever before issued that con¬
tained so many inches of purely high-
class, reliable advertising, and we have
refused several pages of advertising be¬
cause it did not come up to our standard.
Our care in this matter will be apparent
from the fact that many of the orders we
have refused are appearing in other farm
papers. We have the record and rating
for every advertiser that appears in the
paper, and we would not hesitate our¬
selves to patronize any or all of them.

Here are a few extracts from letters
received in to-day's mail. This first
one from Kansas is especially pleasing:

I enclose one dollar for renewal to your
most excellent paper. I had expected to dis¬
continue at this time on account of severe
losses by flood. Wife pleads so pathetically
for its continuance, and she is so self-deny¬
ing in her efforts to keep expenses down that
I grant her request, hoping “The Business
Hen will cluck tier satisiaction, where she
will have a welcome in our domicile.

Kansas. j. E. H

I am very much pleased with The Business
Hen. I think it is a grand, good book, and
please accept my thanks for it. I am just
sending you a new subscriber. Please send
him the paper and The Business Hen.
Oakland, Me, j> ^ „

While I am not farming at present I en¬
joy reading The R. N.-Y. as much as or
more than any of the six papers I am tak¬
ing. I am very much interest in our Hope
Parm man's Florida venture; in fact, all of
his doings. He seems to have a way of ex¬
pressing himself that gets close to the heart
of a person who loves the farm. c. s. c.

Bon Air, Va.

I take this opportunity of saying that
I believe The R. N.-Y. to be the most valu¬
able agricultural paper published.

Wayne Co., N. Y. wir, a. bakeh.

When flie good women of the farm I
home plead “pathetically” for The R.

N.-Y. it is pretty sure to be a fixture in
that home. Of course The Business Hen
went straight back to the new subscriber
in Maine, D?fvid Harum also went to J.
C. R. as a reward for his interest. This
reminds me to say that we have a Busi¬
ness Hen to send your neighbor and a
David Harum to send you. Just send his
name and his dollar and we will do the
rest.

Killing the Radish Maggot.

J. P. B., Flemington, N. J. — Will you let
me know how to prevent the small white
worms from damaging my radish crop? The
past season they damaged nearly one-half so
they were not fit for market.

Ans. — The Radish maggot is quite sim¬
ilar, if not identical, with the Cabbage
root-worm or maggot, and may be con¬
trolled by the same methods, though the
margin of profit on radishes is usually too
small to warrant expensive applications.
The adult flies lay their eggs on the
ground near the plants soon after they
come through the soil. Table salt or to¬
bacco dust strewn over the soil as the first
true leaves show will usually kill most of
the newly-hatched maggots. The salt must
not come directly in contact with the ten¬
der plants. Kerosene emulsion made with
one-half pound hard soap and one gallon
each water and kerosene, diluted before
use with 20 times the quantity of water,
has been recommended for cleaning out
root maggots. The soil should be well
moistened with the diluted emulsion be¬
fore the radishes begin to swell, prefer¬
ably while in the seed leaf. Applications
of high-grade chemical fertilizers contain¬
ing a good per cent of nitrate of soda and
muriate of potash to the soil about the
radishes at an early stage of their growth
appears very distasteful to the maggots,
and at the same time most beneficial to
the plants. Best results are had by put¬
ting on just before or during rain.

For over a third of a century Dr. Pieree’a
Golden Medical Discovery has sold more
largely than any other blood purifier or

stomach

tonic.
Bigger
sales to¬
day than
ever be¬
fore. Is
that not
the true
test ?

Cures oth¬
ers, why
not you?
Makes
rich red
blood.

An imita¬
tion of nat¬
ure’s meth¬
od of
■ restoring
waste of
tissue and
impover¬
ishment of
— - the blood

and nervous force is used when you take
an alterative extract of herbs and roots,
without the use of alcohol, like Dr. Pierce’s
Golden Medical Discovery. This vegetable
medicine coaxes the digestive functions
and helps in the assimilation of food, or
rather takes from the food just the nutri¬
ment the blood requires.

Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery
purifies the blood and entirely eradicates
the poisons that breed and feed disease.

It thus cures scrofula, eczema, erysipelas,
boils, pimples, and other eruptions that
mar and scar the skin. Pure blood is
essential to good health. The weak, run¬
down, debilitated condition which so many
people experience is commonly the effect
of inipure blood. Dr. Pierce’s Golden
Medical Discovery not only cleanses the
blood of impurities, but it increases the ac¬
tivity of the blood-making glands, and it
enriches the body with an abundant supply
of pure, rich blood.

No matter how powerful the intellect or
the resources of intellectual power, it must
be backed up by physical force. Every
day the youth or man must manufacture
a pint of rich, arterial blood, that is pure,
stimulating to the brain, and that can re¬
build the tissues that were destroyed in
yesterday’s work.

Dr. Pierce’s Pellets cure biliousness.

Brooks’ Sure Cure

FOR

UFTU]

Brooks’ Appliance. New
discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxionB springs or pads.
Automatic Air Cushions.
Binds and draws the broken
parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves.
No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able, cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, 'OX.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box

9g5, MARSHALL. MICH.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs air tight; keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Best in world. You want
it. For detail write

K. K. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

WOMAN WANTS

The butter and egg money Mftnp
is a big item to the farmer’s IflUnCi
wife. She can increase her
egg production by feeding E.ull3l9

1 Harvey’s Mixed Grains mhh

-a combination of cereals specially suited
to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it.

A Muney-Satring Catalogue Free.

HABIET SEEP C0„ 83 ELLtCOTT ST.. BUFFALO, «. V.

SIX VARIETIES

$5 for 12, $10 for 36. This strain has pro¬
duced Prize Winners all over the country.

$2 tor 12, $8 for 100. Guaranteed to hatch
great egg producers.

ELM POULTRY YARDS, Box Y, Hartford, Conn.

Hatch Every Fertile Egg

with little care— no night work— no worry. Our patented steel and brass regu-^
lators, patented automatic ventilation and moisture control, and patented egg
turners (no one else can use them) do away with trouble and uncertainty, and the
chicks come out Lively, healthy and strong EVERY TIME. If you forget for an
hour the expensive setting is not lost— the patented features do your work if you have

CHATHAM

INCUBATORS
A BROODERS

They are built for service— not Bhow— from selected dear, straight-
grained Canadian lumber, carefully seasoned and kiln-dried. Walla are
double thick, with non-conducting mineral wool between, and the whole
A - - • " •’ is. The

1ME IF

i — - _ _ _ _ i easy in¬

stallments— take six or seven months if you wish — and have the use of
the most certain, most practical incubator made while you’re paying.

Send today for our free illustrated incubator Kook, which tells all
about the best incubator that’s made.

The Manson Campbell Co. Ltd., 2323Wesson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Star Incubator

Buys a 60-Egg Ca¬
pacity, double ease

Freight paid to your Railroad Station providing you
mention The Rural New Yorker when ordering.
SEND FOR PRINTED MATTER

STAR INCUBATOR COMPANY, BOUND BROOK, NEW JERSEY

Incubator Book

The Best That Was Ever Written

If you wish to buy an incubator wisely, read this book. It will tell you the
facts that you need to know. It is written by a man who has spent 28 years in
perfecting an ideal incubator. It tells of the mistakes that he made and that
others are making — and how to avoid them. It tells you his experience with all
sorts of incubators — the good points and the weaknesses of all. It tells you how
he has perfected the Racine incubator — in 23 years— until it includes all the good points that
any man has discovered. The book is interesting — fascinating — and it is written by a man who
knows most about incubators. You will know which incubator you want when you read it —
anb the doolc is free. Write today for it. Remember, We Pay the Freight. Address

Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87, Racine. Wis.

_ We have Warehouses at Buffalo, N. Y.— Kansas City, Mo. anti St. Paul, Minn.

'alamazoo Incubators

Ki

Hatch more and stronger chicks than any
other Incubator ever built.

SOLD ON TIME,
to suit your convenience. It won’t cost you a cent
to start raising poultry with a Kalamazoo. Wo pay
the freight. No other manufacturer can sell on such j
liberal terms because they haven’t got the machines j
to back them. Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your I
chicks. Write for further particulars.

ReedManufacturingCo., 527 E.MalnSt., Kalamazoo, Mich.

60 DAYS FREE TRIAL

That’s the way wo sell the .Success
Incubator. We give you an oppor¬
tunity of taking off two hatches
and thoroughly trying machine.
Send It back if not satisfactory.
Send for free, illustrated catalog.
AMERICAN BROODER CO.
Box 4h i Kuclne, W is.

A guaranteed egg producer
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE

of Standard bred poultry for 1905, printed in color®,
fine chromo, suitablo for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. Gives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lice, etc. This book only 10 cents.

B. S. CREIDER, RHEEMS, PA.

WE DAY QQ7 A WEEY And expenses to men

If L In I 00 I H If LLIV with rigs to introduce
Poultry Compound. InternatlonalMfg.Co.,Parsous, Kan.

Standard-bred Poultry-™”

tthode Island Beds, Barred Books. Choice Matings.
Eggs at farmers'priees. Fairview Farm, Shrewsbury,
Pa

I- PLEASURE WITH BEES n

A free booklet is yours— also a free copy of Glean¬
ings in Bee Culture. (6 months’ trial 25c.) They
tell how easily and safely bees are handled; how
pleasurable, fascinating and prolltable bee-keep¬
ing is. Write now. Don't wait. Late copy free.

A. 1. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO

fetches eggs all winter. Sent on ,

TEN DAYS’ FREETRIAL

No pay until you provei t cutseasier
and faster than any other. lsn’1
that the fairest offer? Catalogue free,

A F. W. MANN CO., '

Box 15 Milford, Mass.

It will pay you to use

“SUCCESS” POULTRY FOOD

We have given it 5 years' trial, and guarantee
every sack satisfactory. This Food contains Clover,
Meat aud Linseed Meal, thoroughly mixed with
Corn. Wheat and Oats ground; put in 100 lb sacks
at *1.75; 5 sacks, *8; 10 sacks, *15. Special offer for
two weeks: 100 lbs. Food and 100 lbs. Oyster Shells,
*2. Send us a trial order to-day.

CASE BROS. Colchester, Conn.

Dftlll TDV00000^

rUUL I If rsMaas,

, POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu-S
,bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you 3
(our Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the j
lasking — it’s worth having. j

lExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,(

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Veaey Street. New York City. <

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCi

Best of all

That’s what users say about the great

PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders
Our illustrated catalog tells why
they are best. It’s free. Write.

Prairie State Incubator Co.,
Box 406» Homer City. Pa.

Poultry Pays PrB0‘j?

* w • • w • its

ifyou use * 4 The World ’s Standard
Hatcher,” the

CYPHERS

Incubator.

» Your money back I f 1 1 dots not satisfy.
Complete catalog and poultry guide, 21*2 patree
i?8xi 1 ) 5<X)illu3trationB. Free , I f you send ad*
a, drosses oftwo friends who keep good poultry and
— mention this paper. Address nearest office.

CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY,

Buffalo, lioaton, Chicago, Now York, KaniaaOity or San Franolooo.

1 STRICTLY

Automatic

THROUGHOUT

S I O’80 For
I 4 200 Egg
OINCUBATOR

Perfect in construction nnd
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy

EASY and SURE PROFITS

...FROM THE...

Iowa ROUND Incubator.

Simple to operate. Cheapest in
fuel. Perfect heat regulation.
Largest per eent hatches. Healthier
chicks. Thousands testify to the
hatching qualities of these machines.
“No Cold Corner*” Descriptive catalog FREE for asking.

IOWA INCUBATOR CO., 291 Locus! St., Dos Moines, Iowa

THE “GEM” MONEY MAKER

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live
chickens too— that live and grow
into money. Our catalogue tells of
“Rem” features no other Incubator
has. Write for copy — it is free.

GEM INCUBATOR CO.

Box 434_ Dayton, Ohio

ggplSj

)0%HATCH GUARANTEED

mm

30 DAYS’ TRIAL To prove it.
00 *4.50 100 (h 8. 50 200 tf- 13. 75
Egg 415.00 Kgg4>9.50 'Egg q> 15.00
Self regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 33, Springfield, O.

2? ORMAS & Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

8ANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FruCttalog

fcelln how to make money

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on ducks.OHow to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
1867, and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free*

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, 111.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 4, 1905.

1 96

HUMOROUS

“You would,” said th« ornithorhynehus,
“A sort of bird-creature think us;

For we've webs on our paws,

And a duck's bill for jaws.

Yet we've hair, which to beasts seems
link us.”

— Credit Lost.

to

“You 'say you earn more money by your
pen than you did a year ago?” “I do.”
“How’s that?” “I stopped writing stories
and began addressing envelopes.” — Illus¬
trated Bits.

“It is bitter cold,” remarked the shiv¬
ering husband. “Why don’t you button
up your jacket?” “The idea!” exclaimed
the wife. “Why, if I did that no one
would know it is lined with fur.” — Tit-
Bits.

Doctor : “How long have you been at
this sort of thing, Joe?” Joe: “Before
my haccident, forty years ago, I were a
’od- carrier, and the very fust time as I
carried a ’od hup a ladder I fell down a
well.” — Illustrated Bits.

“Aren’t you going to marry the pho¬
tographer?” “No. I’m very much afraid
he drinks.” “Well, if you could see the
babies that are brought to him to be pho¬
tographed you wouldn't blame him.” —
Cleveland Plain Dealer.

“You frightened my horse with your
automobile,” said the indignant farmer.
“Well,” answered the novice, “your horse
had the best of it. He wasn't any more
scared than I was, and had the advantage
of being in a position to run.” — Melbourne
Australasian.

Miss Dashaway : “I don’t care to go
automobiling, thanks. It isn’t exciting
enough.” Mr. Scorcher: “I think you’d
enjoy a ride with my new chauffeur. He
knows absolutely nothing of automobiles,
having just escaped from the Asylum for
the Criminally Insane.” — Life.

Mother : “Oh, doctor ! I’m so glad
you’ve come. We have just had such a
scare. We thought at first that the baby
had swallowed a five-dollar gold piece.”
Doctor: “And you found out he hadn’t?”
Mother: “Yes; it was only a quarter.” —
Washington Life.

“We're awfully glad you can be here to
dinner with us, Uncle Thomas. What’s
the matter?” “I guess I better wait for
the second table, Mary. You see, I never
et with two knives and forks and three or
four spoons to wunst before, and I’m
afraid I might spill things.” — Chicago
Record-Herald.

Mrs. Nubride (excitedly) : “Oh, John,
please send off a telegram for me, quick !”
Mr. Nubride: “My dearest, what has hap¬
pened?” Mrs. Nubride: “Why I’m taking
a correspondence course in cooking and
the cake I made is running all over the
oven. I want to telegraph them quick to
find out what to do.” — Brooklyn Life.

“This John Doe must be a turrible bad
feller,” mused Maw Toptoad. “He’s alius
in trouble. I see he’s been indicted again
out in Oregon. I wonder where he lives
when lie’s to home?” “I expect he lives
in Effigy,” chuckled Paw Hoptoad, “the
place where so many people are hung.” —
Houston Chronicle.

BUSINESS BITS.

C. A. S. Forge Works, Saranac, Mich., is
offering forges for farmers’ use. There is
little doubt that a forge and a few tools will
pay for themselves many times over during
the year in the saving of blacksmith bills, to
say nothing of loss of time going to town,
which in a busy time amounts to more than
the cost of repairs. Read the above com¬
pany's offer in this issue.

Ingersoli/s Faint Book is printed to help
sell mixed paints, but it contains a whole lot
of good information that would be worthy
of a book published exclusively for informa¬
tion on paints and painting. A liberal use
of paint would save thousands of dollars for
the farmers of this country every year. Not
only the buildings and fences, but the
wagons, plows, harrows, and, in short, every
tool and machine used on the farm would
look better and last longer if treated to a
good coat of paint, which anyone can apply
when the paint comes ready mixed. Send for

the Paint Book to O. W. Ingersoll, 246 Ply¬
mouth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

The smokehouse always was a source of
worriment, vexation and expense, anyhow.
When it catches tire let it go up in smoke.
There's a better way to smoke meats. That
is by using Krauser's Liquid Extract of
Smoke. It's been gaining in all parts of the
country for several years past and there is
no longer any doubt that it is driving the
smokehouse out of business. Krauser's Liquid
Extract of Smoke is made from selected hick¬
ory wood. It is applied to meat with a
brush or sponge. It contains the same in¬
gredients that preserve meat that is smoked
in the old way. It. is cheaper and cleaner
titan the old way. Information concerning
its use, cost, etc., can be bad by writing to
the makers, E. Krauser & Bro., Milton, Pa.

Standard Fertilizer. — In every line of
goods there are certain brands which are rec¬
ognized as the standard. In the fertilizer
trade this standard is by common consent
given to the Mapes manures. For many years
the name of Mapes has represented quality —
"As good as Mapes” has been the farmer's
idea of crop-producing value in a chemical
mixture. Hundreds of successful farmers
who have made money year after year on
their farms have used Mapes manures con¬
tinuously, and their success is the best adver¬
tisement for these fertilizers. This high rep¬
utation has been won by profitable service in
the field. Laboratory tests are well enough,
but when a fertilizer has given profitable re¬
turns in actual culture year after year and
farmers are ready to endorse it, an argument
is presented that beats that of a chemist.
The Mapes pamphlets tell their story in con¬
vincing language. Write for them to the
Mapes Fertilizer Co., 143 Liberty Street,
New York.

NO SUBSTITUTE

has yet been found for cod
liver oil. There are so-called
extracts, wines and cordials of
cod liver oil that are said to
contain the active principles
but not the oil itself. This is
absurd on its face. You mieht
as well extract the active prin¬
ciples of wheat and make
bread with them. The best
form of cod liver oil, that can
be digested and assimilated
most easily, is Scott’s Emul¬
sion.

We’ll send you a sample free.

6COTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

The Choice
of Lamps

It is not merely the matter of cost, but the
comfort and artistic effect of your home
by night, as well as the convenience
. and work by day.

THE

Angle Lamp

is the most economical of all good lights and
its soft, mellow, steady light makes it the
most desirable.

It is overhead, out of the way, casts no un¬
der-shadow, emits no odor or smoke and is
lighted and extinguished like gas. In fact it
is a perfect substitute for gas and electricity at
a far less cost. Burns for 18 hours with one
filling and saves its own cost in a short time.

Sold on 30 Days Trial

You would never part with it if you learned to
know it. Ask for our free catalogue NN and
learn all about it.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO.
78-80 Murray St., New York.

MODEL LEADS

O U K 1005 MODEL sets the
style in buggy making. Up-to-
date in equipment, design, and
workmanship. Long - distance
axles Sold direct to user
on One Full Month’s
FHEK Trial. 2-year
guarantee. Lowest prices
in America quoted in
our Free Catalog. Write
The Model Carriage and Harness Co.

X?1 W. sixth Street, Cincinnati, O.

FARMERS

THINK

of the money spent each year in blacksmiths’ bills when
it could be saved if you had a forge on the farm and did
your own repairing and biacksmithing.

Many of our customers say our forge has enabled them
to save as high as $50.00 a year.

When buying a forge, it is advisable to get one with
blower capable of giving a strong blast for heavy
work, and large hearth to hold the tools and make a deep
welding fire.

We Guarantee Our Forges

FORGE ON THE MARKET AND TO BE AS REPRESENTED OR MONEY REFUNDED

TO BE AS LARGE AND TO
EQUAL IN EVERY WAY
ANY $10.00 OR $15.00

This has been our guarantee for the past 7 years,
and we have never had a farmer request us to take
back a forge. Our sales last season exceeded 40 car¬
loads.

Our forges have large blowers and will easily pro¬
duce a welding heat on 4-inch wagon tire or 2-inch
round iron.

Special Prices for Feb. and Mar.

Price of Farmers’ Wooden Forge Complete, $4.00
Price of Farmers’ Steel Forge Complete, 4,25

This offer may not appear again. Write to-day.
Send stamp for our catalog of Farm Forges and money
saving repair tools.

C. A. S. Forge Works

SARANAC, MICHIGAN

THE

JUNIOR, No. 2

Meets the demands of parties who, for a small investment,
wish to engage in the Cement Stone Business for the mar¬
ket, or purchase machine for their individual use
It is so simple and easy of operating and change for
different sizes that it can be successfully used By in¬
experienced operators,

ft is thoroughly adapted to any and ail kinds of con¬
struction. business blocks, factories, dwellings, barns,
foundations, porches, yard fences, chimneys, etc.

It. not only makes hollow blocks, but by using a parting
board will make veneer or partition walls, four- inch bed
or thickness and two stones at one operation, one of
which can lie rock or bevel edge, smooth. Manufactured by

Brady Cement Stone Machine Co., Ltd.,

Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.

BUCKEYE

Pivot Axle Disc
Riding Cultivator

The farmer who possesses a Buckeye Pivot Axle Disc Riding Cultivator reaps
many benefits. He. has a cultivator that'in efficiency, convenience and eco¬
nomy is unsurpassed. With wheel guide, double
tongue, drop hitch, adjustable arch, spring
pressure, beams adjustable to or from
row, it makes cultivation sure, easy and
cheap. Especially constructed for
cultivating in pea vines and weedy,
foul ground. It does as good work
on the hillside as on the level, and
it always gives satisfaction. It’s a
cultivator so made that it won’t
wear shaky or lose its rigidity.

Ask to see the complete Buckeye line
of implements at your dealers. Write
for catalogue aud full description.

Do. 60 Buckeye Dlae Riding Cnlttentor. P, P, MAST & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil.* In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Ked and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOUH U. JACKSON, 76 Third Are., Albany, N. X.

ONION GROWERS

WHY CONTINUE IN THE OLD RUT
WHEN AN EASIER RATH
IS SHOWN YOU ?

Use our RED STAR WEEDER lengthways
and crossways of the rows about six days after
the seed has been drilled, and you will be sur¬
prised at the millions of weed sprouts you have
easily and quickly destroyed. Adopt this method
and it will postpone the hand weeding until
the crop is six inches high. Send for free
illustrated catalogue to

GARDEN TOOL COMPANY,

37 Winthrop St., Salem, Mass,

60,000 Sure Hatch Incubators

.Working aatisf actorily night and day.
3No “race euicide" in the poultry
world while Sure Hatches
busy. Hatch evory tortile egg. Lead
because of exclusive patented feat¬
ures. $ 100,000 , S-year guarantee.
Price of 120-egg machine, -g g ^
freight prepaid east of III

t the Rocky Mountains
60 days* trial. Catalog free. Address
PBUB* HATCH INCUBATOR CO.,

( 4411* Clay Center, Neb. Box 144 11, Indianapolis, lad*

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Book of instruction
free. Write nearest office.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.
152 St. Clair St., Cleveland, O.
440 Main St., Dallas, Texas

jW

I

Syracuse Hillside Plow

Equally adapted to hillside and level land plowing, leaving it without ridges
or dead furrows, and holds as easily as any flat land plow. The Steel Truss
Beam gives lightness and strength. Handles side-shift with each turn and
adjust for height. Jointer is practically uncloggable,. and acts
automatically. Colters furnished. The Lever Shifting Clevis
quickly changes the draft line. Made in two sizes,
with Steel or Chilled Moldboards and Cast Shares.
Nothing has been left undone for making this
plow the model of its class. Call on the
_ Syracuse agent or write us.

w\\vc\ CM SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW CO., Syracuse, N. Y.

Special Sale of F, arm Supplies

Including Rare Bargains from the Fifty Million Dollar World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1994.

Merchandise, Lumber, Building Material, Furniture, Etc., at Record Breaking Prices.

THE CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY

purchased the St. Louis World’s Fair, thereby enor¬
mously increasing their line of supplies of all kinds, and
making it the largest institution on earth. The dismantling
of this exposition is in itself one of the most gigantic un¬
dertakings of the Twentieth Century.

Our stock of new goods includes everything manufac¬
tured. We are constantly buying new stocks of all kinds at

.RECEIVERS’ AND MANUFACTURERS’ SALES.

Our catalogue quotes the lowest cash prices on thousands
of brand new articles covering every want. The following
offers are a few samples of the many bargains which we
are offering our patrons. Send us a trial order. Absolute
satisfaction guaranteed to all.

SAVE FROM 30 TO 50 PER CENT

For anything needed for your farm, home, barn or
buildings. Our purchases include hundreds of public
buildings and hotels. We bought and dismantled the

Chicago World’s Fair, 1903, the Pan=American
Exposition, 1901, the Omaha Exposition, 1899.

We are now placing on the market millions of dollars
worth of materials of every kind from the

St. Louis World’s Fair, 1904.

REFERENCES:

Drovers’ Deposit National Bank, any responsible
bank, express office or merchant anywhere. Our plant
covers over 25 acres.

We are constantly buying stocks of New General Merchandise at Sheriffs’, Receivers’, Trustees’, Assignees’
and Manufacturers’ Sales. These goods are New, Clean Stocks of Up=to=Date Merchandise and are just as Standard
as any on the market fresh from the factory. The fact that our prices are so low on the items shown in this advertisement does
not mean that the quality is lacking. We offer you the rarest opportunity to buy goods at low prices. You dare not over-
look such a chance. Don’t wait until the material is all sold and then regret a lost opportunity. The time to buy is today.

Nails SI.50 Per 100 Lbs.

10,000 Kelts Mixed Wire Nalls.

!r

I;

Each containing 100 to 110 lbs. and

[ranging from 3 to 30 pennyweight,
all kinds in each keg. Special price

per keg . #1.50

Wire Staples. 1,000 kegs, size %

and Per keg . . . #2.00

Y.00 kegs wire spikes. Per 100 lbs . #1.00

Wire Nalls. One size In a keg. Per 100 lbs . #2.00

100 Lbs. Wire, $1.40

Lowest Prices on Galvanized Wire.

Wire Shorts, No. 14 guage, per 1001b. bale . #1.40

Annealed Mire, new, 11 to 10 guage, -

per 100 lbs . #1.00

B. 15. Telephone Wire, Continuous

lengths, per 100 lbs . #2.75

Barb Wire, painted, per 100 lbs.. #2. 150

Galvanized, per 100 lbs . #2.75

Poultry Netting, galvanized, 100

square feet . 40c

Write for complete list of low prices on
all kinds of wire fencing* fence posts.

Steel Fence Posts 30c

Tubular, indestructible, will last a lifetime. Made
of hollow, seamless tubing, 4 feet above ground,
18 Inches below. Drilled with 0 holes. Com¬
plete with staples at . each, 80c

Corner posts . #1.00 to #1.25

Gate posts . 1.50

Hitching posts . 1.25

Low, patent, steel lawn posts with neat tops.
Each . 25c

Manila Rope, 7c Per Lb.

Now Is the time to order binder twine. Buy quick, an
unusual opportunity for anything in the line of rope, bin¬
der twine, etc. at prices like these:

Good Manila Hope, slightly used, all

sizes, per lb . 7 e

New Hope, slightly shopworn, per lb.Se

Manila Binder Twine, peril) . 7c

W rapping Twine, per lb . 5c

Wire Hope and Cable at way-down
prices. Tackle Blocks, Hope Pulleys, etc.

Big stock. Write for price list.

Tool Combination, $1.50

Size No. 4— weight 8 lbs., polished jaws and anvil. In¬
cludes vise, anvil, drill, hardy and one drill bit, all

complete. Larger
combinations #2.50,
#8.00 and $4.50.
Bench vises, com¬
bination pipe vises,
hlackf»nitlis vises
and other tools
at cut prices.

Steel Tine Manure Forks, 40c

At this price a 3 tine, high grade, solid steel shank
fork. Can you duplicate these prices anywhere i

4tine . 45c

6 tine . 50c

6 tine . 60c

Hay Forks, 2 tine . 20e

Stine . 80c

4 tine . 45c

Potato Hooks . 45e

Manure Hooks . 45c

Steel Hoes . 20c

Hakes . 20c

Sale of Steel Tools

;!

Single bitted ax . each, #0.45

Poublo bitted ax . “ .50,

All-steel hatchei . “ .82

" .th hatchets . each, $0.40

'tcel adze . “ .85

Broad hatchets . “ .50

| Hunter’s ax . “ .88

Solid steel hammers . “ .88

Machinists’ hammers . “ .50

Forges, $4.75 and up

For farm blacksmitliing and tool
repairing. Just the thing. We bought
up three carloads at a sacriiice sale.

Post Drills, each, up from ....$4.85
Mixed Holts, all kinds, 100 lbs., $2. 50
Mixed Log Wood Screws, 100 lbs.

. #8.00

Wood Screws, mixed, per lb. ..10c
Mixed Hivets. wagon makers, tin
ners, etc., 100 lbs for . #2.50

New Steel Roofing and Siding

$2.00 Per IOO Square Feet

Painted red both sides, most durable and economical
rooting for houses, barns, sheds and all other
kinds of buildings for Inside or out¬
side use. Comes In sheets Band 8feet long.

Tills is our No. 10 grade, seml-hardened,

flat, per square of 100 sq. feet . #2.00

Corrugated V crimped or standing seam

per square . $2.10

Beaded ceiling and siding per sq. #2.25
Imitation brick siding per square $2.25
We pay the freight east of Colorado,
exeeptOklahoma, Ind.Ter, and Texas. No
special tools needed. Full directions
furnished.

“Eagle” Felt Roofing

60c Per IOO Square Feet

2 Ply “Eagle” Brand, ready roofing, per square.. 60c
15 Ply“Eagle” Brand, ready roofing, 90c
Vulcanite Roofing, with nails, caps

and cement for lap, per square . ijq.?5

Ifcd Ko*In Sheeting Paper, 500 square

feet . 45c

Parchment Building Paper, per 500

square feet . 75e

Galvanized Kubber Hooting, exten¬
sively used on high-grade buildings— prac¬
tical for lining purposes. Nalls, caps,
cement furnished— complete, 108 square

feet. . $1.75

Samples furnished free.

NEvI,

felt

^oofiN1

Catalogue Free.

If you cut out
coupon at bot¬
tom of page
and mail
it to us
at

once.

Modern
Plumbing Material

We Guarantee

We offer you a saving of 20 to 50 per cent on anything
you need In tills line. A sample of our prices

Handsome Steel 4K ft. Bath Tub . #6.80

^Enameled Sinks . $1.10

_ _ ) Water Closets, complete. .#7.00 up

„ _ y\\ awh Stands, handsome, all well

e-e? o/-T J7 finished, all complete . #7. 50 up y.

SO.JU jT/ A Modern Bath Room Outfit, com- y^ I

plete . $25.00 up

Write for our plumbing supply cata¬
logue. It’s worth having.

. Every article on
this page to be
j ust as rep-
_ —resented.
SINKS Money
back if
notsat-

$|.IO»

LOW PRICES ON BUILDING MATERIALS

IOO MILLION FEET OF WELL SEASONED LUMBER

From the VVorld’s Fair, St. Louis. 1904. The finest grades of lumber were used in the
construction of this grand exposition. We are offering for sale at prices far below the
original cost everything1 in the line of building materials needed in the construction of a
building for any purpose. The time to buy lumber is today. Prices are advancing. Nowis
your opportunity to make the necessary improvements on your house and farm buildings.

SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR ESTIMATE

SAVE 30 TO 50 PER CENT IF YOU BUY AT ONCE.

Studding, joists, planking, dressed and matched flooring, sheathing, timbers, in fact
lumber for any purposes. If you are intending to build be sure and take
advantage of this offer, which can last only for a limited time. We can quote
you a lower price on your lumber bill than anyone else. Among our enor¬
mous stock we surely have just what you want.

Ask For Our Special World’s Fair Catalogue

Quick delivery to those who purchase now. Besides lumber we have for

sale a.l kinds of sash, doors and building materials, hardware, electric ap¬
paratus, plumbing material, flags, poles, tools of all kinds, turnstiles,
statues, railing, molding, iron rods, conductor pipes, eave troughs, and
thousands of other articles. All material from the Exposition is for sale
from our headquarters on the World’s Fair Grounds.

CHAIR

All \ Kitchen Chair*. 25,000 from the St.U
Louis Exposition. Good and sub- 1
* ^kstantial. Like cut. Each. ...25c'
hnnfte 2,000 Brand New. Each . 85e

UVUHw 1,000 Vienna Oak Chair*.

. . , X. Hane seat. Each . #1.25

advertised are ^Xi.ooo Dining u«om

cr.] J at nrirp4: C li ai r*. Handsomely

sold a: prices ^NLcarved. Polished,

as given here. Send high back, cane \

for catalogue for com- Em9c

plete list.

BARGAINS

11,000 Hardwood Chair*. Flat, spindle
| back, heavy, suitable for dining room
! parlor or bedroom, used at World's

Fair. Each . 70c

\ 1,500 Hooker*, 89c to #2.50
IOO Easy Chair*. Hand-^ c„_ j r-_
i somely up holstered . oena tor OUT

Ir AkFi; t6"PtKi,15L^^ Catalogue to-

1 500 Kitchen I 9.. ,

ILarge size, Draw-^^ Clay, It Will show

#1*85 k^J^^you how to save money
on your purchases.

Furniture ’ts? World’s Fair

*100,000 worth of high grade furniture from the Worlds’
Fair, practically as good as new.

100 Morris Chair*. Reversible cushion, hair filled,
adjustable back, spring seat, golden oak polished

frame. Each . #5.50

150 Couches. Covered with high grade velour, up¬
holstered In the best manner. *8 to *10 values. Our

price . #4.00 to #6.00

50 Solid Leather Couehe*. Golden ”ak frame sub¬
stantially constructed. Price up from . #19.00

Dresser*. 2,000 combination dresseis and comm;d:s,
large mirrors, solid oak, from World’s Fair

Each . #6.00

2.000 lien Beds.

Made -specially *or uli
World’s Fair. All ex¬
tra well built. Good
asn°w Cost, *4.

Our price . .. ...#2.25

Carpets and Rugs

50 Cents Per Yard and Up.

We bought four carloads from a bankrupt
manufacturer.

Brussel* Carpet, handsomely designed, high-
grade, all wool mat, made for service, per yard, 50c

1000 renovated carpets, per yard . 10 to 60c

2000 rugs and art squares temporarily used at
World’s Fair, all latest
patterns, any size, from

. #1.50 to #20.00

Door Mats, (used) worth

75c, our price . 85c

Ofliee Desk*.

250 handsome
roll top, from
World’s Fair
. #16.00

Pipe, All Kinds and Sizes

Special Price*. (See List.

1 Inch with couplings, per foot . 8Wc

1M “ “ " “ “ 4Kc

8><j “ casing with couplings, per foot . 10c

4 “ “ “ “ " “ . 14c

This Is first class piping for water, gas, oil, etc. Re¬
threaded and in excellent condition. Boiler tubes at low
figures. Send for complete price list. _

New Galvanized TanLs, $2.00

20 Inch diameter . $ 2.00

24 “ “ . 2 50

4 foot “ 5.50

6 “ “ 15.00

Watering Tank*, round end

. $4.25 up

Wagon Tanks, new galva¬
nized steel . $7.00

Feed Cooker*, tank heat r
and water troughs lowest

prices. Send for list. _ _

$5.10 Anti-Freezing Pump

A Special Offer on Pumps.

Windmill lift punms — each . #8. 5

Ductile Aetiag force pumps, each . $9.00

Pitcher Spoilt pumps, each . )5e

Kitchen Force pumps (brass tube cylinders)

each . #4.50

Thresher Tank pumps, each . $5.50

Hydraulic Rams, each . #4.75

Water Lifts, Kubber mid Leather
_ Belting at Very l ow Price*.

Paints, 30c Per Gallon \

Write for color card — Free.

Barn Paint, In barrel lots, per gallon, ,80c ■ . . .

Co-d Water Paint*, per pound . 6c LM IX&D

“Perfection” mixed paints, per gallon. .7 5e
Our “Premier” brand, three year guaran- [ .PAINTSI

teed, per gallon . 95e

Orders Filler. Promptly.

Ball Bearing Grindstone,
$2.25

At this price we furnish a complete
Bicycle Grindstone, small size.

Medium size . $2.50

Larger size . 2.75

Also our patent Bicycle Emery Grin¬
der, the handiest tool manufactured.
Complete with an emery wheel. $7.00
We sell emery wheels at 40 per cent
_ less than others. _

ton Jack Screws, each 80c

Four Carloads, Brand New Cast iron stand,
wrought Iron screw, deep cut tread. The best made,
and biggest bargain in the lot at these prices:

IK Inch diameter, 12 ton . $ .80

1% “ “ 16 “ .

2 “ “ go “

2 Yi “ “ 24“

2K “ « 26 “ .

3K “ “ 26 “ . .

Hoiimc raising jack*, each .

Lever jack*, each . . 6.00

Gasoline Engine

P.. guaranteed . $60-00

W .hp ’mplng jack . 65.00

Mach.nery of all kinds. Engines rang
Ing from 1 to 1000 H. P. 8uw mills,
boiler*, pumping machinery and
equipment of every kind. We are con¬
stantly buying complete stocks ut
Sheriff’s and Receiver’s Sales.

Ask for our

MACHINERY LIST

Linoleum and Oil Cloth

150 Kollsncw High-Grade Linoleum

In various colors ahd neat designs, two

yards wide, per square yard . 88c.

New OH Cloth, widths 1, IK, 2, 2k.'

yards, per sq. y d . T . . . . 1 8e

1000 Yards of used matting In fair

condition, per yd . 8c

Some at . 15C

MATTRESSES.

Cotton Top Mattresses, from World’s Fair, for single

beds, good condition,eaeh . #1.25

2000 Dob-ou Wool Blankets, fullsize.ea, $1.75 to $2 OO

4000 Bed Sheets, full size, for singlebeds, each . 25c

2000 Comforters, each . 7 on to 90c

6000 Pillow Slips, each.. . 8C

5000 pillows, a pair .

Cut Out and Mail This Goupon

Chicago House Wrecking Company,

85 and Iron Sts., CHICAGO.

Send Me Your Large Catalog No. L 57
as advertised in this paper.

Name .

Address .

R. R. or P. O. Box
State .

Send Today For Our Large Free Catalog No. L 57

You must have it if you want to save money on your future purchases. It quotes the
lowest prices on everything, and contains descriptions and illustrations relative to quality
and quantity to guide you in making the best selections. It contains the most attractive
list of genuine bargains ever offered by any house anywhere. Write your name and address
in State in lower left-hand corner ; put a cross mark (X) on such items that interest you and mail
US this page for full particulars and catalogue. Cut out and mail us this coupon anyway, and
get our catalogue. Do it today.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO.

TRUE TO NAME

Apple and Pear Trees, Poplar Trees, Crape
Vines, Currant Bushes and Pineapple
Flavored Strawberry Plants

These are our principal surplus. We have millions of other plants, vines and trees, but these
are the items we ask you to buy at prices so low we dare not name them here. This is your oppor-

C. A. GREEN, President, tunity,

NEW

Let us price your list of wants.

FRUITS

We offer this year for the first time Regal, the new hardy, long keeping red
grape vigorous, productive and desirable. Also Wismer’s Dessert, American
Blush’ Banana Green’s Improved Baldwin, Bismarck and other rare apples; also
Niagara best of peaches; also Bing cherry; Cans new early pear; Thanksgiving
long keeping prune; Red Cross and Wilder currants. See new catalogue for
particulars.

BURGLARS WANTED

Don’t write “Dear Mr. Green: I am
a good burglar, take me. Bill Brag.”

No, Bill, you won’t do. Y on may be
good, but mere goodness never wins.

We want talent, genius. We want the
burglars who broke into our nursery
office at midnight not long ago, blew open
the safe with dynamite, and carried off
our hard earned money. Kind reader,
will you buy some of our vines, plants
and trees? Money invested in this way
cannot be stolen by burglars. We have
propagated too heavily of grape vines,
currant bushes, apple and poplar trees.

Get our price before buying.

An Open Letter— Secrets Exposed

The vital question in regard to trees,
plants and vines is, are they true to
name? Are they correctly and honestly
labeled? For twenty-five years Green’s
Nursery Co. has been earning a reputa¬
tion for selling trees true to name. I his
does not mean that for twenty-five years
we have never made a mistake, but it
means that we have endeavored to give
our patrons a fair deal. We have earned
a national reputation for selling trees
true to name. If you are not particular
whether your trees are true to name you
can buy them at almost any price of irre¬
sponsible men, since carloads of trees are
burned at the close of each packing sea¬
son in every honest nursery. The men
in charge of our labeling and packing
are Christian men. As a noted horticul¬
turist said recently, “Green’s men would
not wrongly label trees even if Mr. Green
should desire them to.”

The location of Green’s nurseries is favorable for exemption from serious in¬
sect pests and diseases. Our nursery farms are 12 miles southwest of Roches¬
ter, N. Y., 12 miles distant from any other nursery. For nearly a century Rochester
has been noted for its orchards. Here are produced the finest apples of the world.
Apple trees often live here to the age of 100 yeans, whereas in many portions of
the country the life of an apple tree is only 20 years.

LEADING MEN OK GREEN’S NURSERY CO.

“Green’s men would not wrongly label trees even if Mr. Green should desire them to do GO.”

We Sell Apple Trees About 5 Feet High at $5.00 per IOO.

BOXING FREE.— This year we offer to box trees, plants and vines free of
charge at catalogue prices.

We are asked why we sell fair sized, well rooted and well shaped apple trees
at the low price of $5.00 per 100, boxed free. We have three sizes of apple trees,
large size, medium size and the smallish size. The $5 trees are the smaller sized,
but they have more roots in proportion than the larger trees, and they will bear fruit
as quickly and make as fine an orchard. We are obliged to dig the trees on a large
field, hence this surplus of bargain trees.

Our large surplus of currant bushes
is due to the fact that for many years we
have been propagating largely the new
Red Cross currant for which we paid
$1250, which is not surpassed by any
currant known for size, quality, vigor
and productiveness.

At Green’s fruit farm we have half an
acre planted to Red Cross, from which
we sold 6,036 quarts. Our currants last
year, 1904, averaged about 8 cents a
quart, giving an income of $482.88 from
this small planting. For the season 1903
from the same plot the receipts were
$537.00. For many years it seemed as
though we could not propagate enough
currant plants to supply the demand.
Thus we increased our plantations so
largely that now we have a surplus.

Our surplus of grape vines which we
offer at bargain prices is owing to the
fact that during the last four years we
have bought a sandy farm for propaga¬
tion purposes. On this land grape vines
take root readily and grow vigorously,
hence we have largely increased our sup¬
plies of grape vines and other small fruit
plants, also Rhubarb and Asparagus
plants, which in previous years we prop¬
agated with greater difficulty.

Green’s Books 10 cents each

Our C. A. Green has published the fol¬
lowing books, regular price of which
mailed postpaid is 25 cents each, but if
you will mention this offer we will accept
from Rural New-Yorker readers 10
cents for any one of them.

(1) Secrets of the Nursery Business,
over 100 beautiful photographs, 10 cents.

(2) Green’s Six Books on Fruit Cul¬
ture. under one cover, 10 cents.

(3) American Fruit Growing, 10 cents.

(4) American Poultry Keeping, 10 cents.
PLANT A TREE THIS SPRING. He who plants a tree has not lived in vain.

If you plant also a vine and a few strawberry plants in your garden you have done
something more to brighten the world. Perhaps you can plant many trees, if so
all the better.

TWO ACRES YIELD $1,600.00. Two acres, Twenty Ounce apples, yielded
$1,600.00 in one year, says Prof. Beach.

GREEN’S TOOL SUPPLY DEPARTMENT

OFFERS EVERYTHING NEEDED FOR PLANTING, GROWING AND MARKETING FROIT Green’s Improved Brass Barrel Spray Pump

Plows Weeders Spray Supplies Slieers

Harrows Cultivators Picking Trays Bleachers
Rollers Horse Muzz es Baskets Evaporators

Planters Garden tools Barrel Headers Cider Mills
Seeders Sprayers Fruit Parers Jelly Presses

Pruning Knives
Pruning Saves
Pruning Hooks
Snagging Shears
Budding Knives

Grape Vine
Holders

Grafting Knives
Grafting Wax
Raffia

FOR HATCHING

$2.00 for 13

From prize-winning breeds S. C. Brown
Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Barred and
White Rocks. Price of Cockerels and Pullets
$3.00 each. Trios $7.50. Green’s Poultry i
Book for 25 cents.

GREEN'S NURSERY CO.,
Rochester,

N. T.

All Steel Barrel Cart

For spray- ^w/

ing, carry¬
ing water
for plants,
fire or other ,
purposes.

W i t h at-
tachm e n t s

except the barrel, S3. 95, barrel S3. 00
extra.

Green’s Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y.
Established 25 years
Capital $100,000

Send me your new Fruit and Ornamental
Free Catalogue, also a copy of Green’s Fruit
Magazine as per Rural New-Youker.

Grape Vines, by Mail, Postpaid

12 for $1.00

Name.

Address.

We will sell you, de¬
livered free to your door,
12 strong grape vines,
the best table varieties,
three red, three white
and six black varieties,
all for *1.00.

FOR ORCHARD OR SMALL FRUITS

The Best Barrel Spray Pump on Earth for the price. It is made
for us by the largest pump makers in the United States, who received First
Prize at St. Eouis Exposition. Being made of Solid Brass it is not af¬
fected by the materials used. The entire pump sets inside the barrel and
all valves are submerged in the solution, therefore no priming to be done as
with other pumps. It throws a uniform, constant and elastic spray. I; is
very powerful and easily operated. The patent agitator stirs the solution
from the bottom. Nothing to get out of order. Can be used for white¬
washing. Fits any barrel. Best by Test.

Price, No. 5, complete, with 5 feet of three-ply discharge hose, and

nozzle ready to use, weight 25 lbs., only . *4.95

Eight foot extension pipe for higher trees . -50

Price, No. 6, complete, with two 5 foot lengths of three-ply discharge
hose and two nozzles for spraying two rows at a time, ready for

use. Weight 30 lbs . 5.95

Eight foot extension pipe for higher trees, (each) . .50

For Dasher Agitator, if preferred, add $1.00 to the price of either pump.
Always use extension pipes— You get better results

These very pumps are sold by some dealers at $10.00 and $12.00 each.

Write us, telling how many trees, plants, etc., you have to spray and let us help you
choice of a sprayer, large or small, according to your actual needs.

ia the

BEST BERRY BASKETS

Quarts or Pints, wire sewed, standard size, regu¬
lated by law, made of the best material.

Price, 500 for $2 OO; lOOO for $5 50
The prices will be higher as the season comes on.
Order now, or you may not get them at any price.

Our Tool Supply Catalogue tells the story of Fvrery-
thing tor the Fruit Farm. Shall we send it ? It is free.

GREEN’S NURSERY GO., Rochester, N. Y.

mamm

Vol. LXIV . No. 2876. NEW YORK, MARCH 11, 1905.

COLD FACTS ABOUT HOTBEDS.

A Successful Gardener Talks.

A FARMER’S NECESSITY. — To arrange success¬
fully and manage a hotbed is not a difficult matter; so
simple, in fact, t hat in most cases a small hotbed con¬
veniently located would be much more satisfactory to
raises even a few early plants for the garden than the
usual pots and boxes in the kitchen window, in which
for lack of proper heat, light and space plants seldom
succeed. While desirable as an adjunct to any garden,
a hotbed is indispensable to best returns in the mar¬
ket garden, unless other facilities for growing early
plants are at hand. There are probably thousands of
small farmers who grow considerable quantities of
vegetables for market, who confine themselves entirely
to the less profitable crops which may be started in the
open ground, and thus miss the pleasure and extra
good profits that may be secured by the intelligent use
of a small area of cold frames and hotbeds. In my
trucking operations I think the time devoted to them is
most profitably employed.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.— I have 15 sash, 3 ft.
4 in. by 6 ft., for hotbed, and the produce from the
plants grown in this small space sells for from $450
to $600 annually, or at the rate of from $50 to $40 per
sash, and the portion used for plants of extra early
tomatoes averages much higher, in one faYored season
reaching $70 per sash. To those who transplant in.
the bed this may seem extreme, but more on this point
later. My hotbed is used to grow tomato, egg-plant,
sweet potato and pepper plants. With cabbage I have
had most satisfactory results by holding Fall-grown
plants over Winter in cold frames, covered only with
board shutters. As yet 1 have had no experience with
early cauliflower, except that I now have about 800
plants in the frame with the cabbage thus far looking
well.

BUILDING THE BED. — The first step in arranging
for a hotbed is to secure the sash. These may be
bought all ready for use; but if one has time to spare,
it is cheaper by about half to buy the sash in flat and
glass by the box, and put them together, glaze and
paint them at home. Sash are made to receive the
glass in two ways: by grooving with a saw-cut, into
which the panes of glass are simply slipped end to
end, and by rabbeting, in which the panes are shingled
over each other and secured with points and putty.
Mine are of the latter kind, as I think them closer and
more durable; though there are many of the other kind
in use, and they have the advantage of being quickly
put together and easily repaired. When putty is used
it should be applied in liquid form, as it is easier to
apply and far more durable. It is prepared by mixing
putty with linseed oil until just thin enough to be
forced from the nozzle of the putty-bulb. After apply¬
ing, a little sand sprinkled on will help to dry and in¬
crease its efficiency. Glass is packed in several grades;
the cheaper of which serve every purpose for hotbed
use. Covers must be provided to be placed on the
sash at night, especially when weather is severe. These
may consist of Board shutters, quilts made of burlap
and straw, or, best of all, straw mats. These, too, may
be bought ready-made, but may easily be made at home
at trifling cost by a rather simple process, which I will
not here take space .to describe.

SITUATION. — The selection of the best available
location is important. The ideal location, of course,
would be a well-drained, convenient, sheltered spot,
with a southern exposure ; but alas, as in all 'things else,
the real is much more often in evidence than the
ideal, and so the best at hand must do. My own hot¬
bed is located on a western slope with a grade of
nearly to feet per hundred, and with no natural pro¬
tection to the porth ; yet these adverse conditions cause
no serious loss, The one condition that is absolutely

necessary is perfect drainage; if this cannot be had by
using a pit the manure must be placed on the surface
and banked; for if once flooded, the heat will be en¬
tirely destroyed. Next in importance is a position where
it is least likely to be forgotten at some critical time.
As to shelter, a tight board fence six feet high on the
north and west is desirable; but if for any cause this
would be in the way it is not essential. I use no shelter

THE VOORHEES REI) TABLE BORN, NATURAL SIZE.
Fig. 85. See 1’age 204.

except a wide board staked so as to lean over the north
side of the bed.

CONSTRUCTION OF FRAME. — In constructing
the frame, happily the cheapest method is best. If
drainage is good, dig a pit 18 inches deep, six feet wide
and as long as required. In the sides of the pit, at
proper intervals, dig places for posts. These should be

of good material, and should be set with the base about

a foot lower than the bottom of the pit. The posts on
the north side, when set, should be three feet high from
the bottom of the pit, and those on the south side
about nine inches lower. To these posts, on the inner
side, securely nail good inch boards 10 or 12 inches
wide. On the north side the upper edge should be just
even with the tops of the posts, and on the south side
it should be an inch higher. The end boards may now
be nailed on, after carefully planing the upper edge to
a straight line. In placing these boards be careful to
have them just in line with the north edges of the
other two boards. Carefully plane off the south edges
so that the sash will fit snugly the whole thickness of
the boards. Another board of good material should
be placed under the first on the north side and ends,
and then the remaining space all around may be board¬
ed up with any lumber at hand that will keep the earth
in place, as it is out of sight and may be easily re¬
placed. Cross-bars should be added where the sash
meet. These should be of good material, about 1J4
inch thick and 3/ inches wide. The notches to receive
them should be cut a little small, and carefully fitted
with a file, and bars driven into place and securely
nailed. Some advise fastening narrow strips along
the middle of the upper sides of the bars, between
which to slide the sash ; but this arrangement can¬
not be made close, and is certainly a mistake. Thus
the permanent parts of the bed are complete. I
might add that for a small bed such as suggested in the
beginning of this article, the simplest plan is to nail
together a portable frame, the size of any sash at hand,
and when preparing the bed dig a pit of the proper
depth and a little larger each way than the frame,
and after properly filling with manure, set the frame
in place.

HEATING MATERIAL. — For this purpose, manure
from the horse stable is probably best, as well as most
easily obtained. It may contain a large quantity of
litter, and when not well supplied in this respect I
have at times' mixed in one-third to one-half the bulk
of wet forest leaves with satisfactory results. Fresh
manure is preferable, but, if the supply is limited it may
be collected for weeks in advance by taking care to
prevent leaching and fermentation. This is best accom¬
plished by spreading out the manure as taken from the
stable until thoroughly chilled or frozen, then heap in a
long, narrow pile, built high to prevent leaching.
Whether fresh or not, from six to ten days before
required for use, the manure should be forked over and
piled in a compact heap, and after it warms up it
should be forked over again to insure uniform heat
through the whole mass. Manure that has been kept
as suggested will require a little more management and
time than fresh manure. When set to heat, a layer of
cold manure should be spread, and on the middle of this
should be placed a quantity of fresh manure for a
“starter." If this does not show heat its action may be
hastened by wetting with a pail of very warm water.
Now stack the rest of the manure over and around this
and treat as stated before. The important matter of
having an abundant supply of moisture in the manure
is often overlooked by even experienced gardeners.
The result is a fierce heat which dies out long before
the organic matter is decayed. For best results as much
water should be added as the manure will absorb with¬
out much leaching, which is a surprising quantity.
With this end in view I throw pail after pail of water
on the manure each time it is being forked over, and
finally sprinkle it well in the frame before covering with
earth. This treatment also goes far to prevent rapid
drying of the soil.

FILLING THE BED. — The manure in condition,
spread several inches of coarse material like cornstalks
on the bottom of the pit, then fill in the manure and
firmly tramp, especially around the sides, until a uni¬
form bed of about 18 inches is secured, After spvjnk',

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11,

1 98

ling, four or five inches of good garden soil, sandy loam
preferred, is evenly spread, well raked and then made
perfectly even with a board “sweep.” The sash is now
put in place, the exposed outside parts of the frame well
banked with manure held in place with a little earth
The next day the seeds may be sown. Very rich soil
is usually recommended, but I doubt the wisdom of
this, as I think better plants can be grown by using soil
of medium quality, and adding a liberal dressing of fer¬
tilizer rich in phosphoric acid and potash. The fer¬
menting manure will supply more than enough of
ammonia.

SOWING THE SEED. — The proper time for sowing
the seed depends on location, kind of plants to be grown
and manner in which plants are to be handled. While
it is desirable to have vegetables as early as possible,
sowing the seed too early is likely to cause a loss in
this direction. As intimated before, to economize hot¬
bed space and labor, I grow my early tomato plants,
ready for the field, right where the seed is sown, 500
plants to the sash. The seed is usually sown about
March 15, the plants set in the field from May 1 to 10,
and in four years the date for selling the first fruits has
not varied more than a day or two from July 10, early
enough to dispose of considerable quantities in the
Harrisburg market at from 10 to 15 cents per berry
basket retail and at from $1.50 to $2 per bushel crate
wholesale. The seed is sown in drills eight inches apart
or five rows to the sash. A liberal amount of seed is
used, and when well started the plants are thinned to
about 100 per row. The bed is carefully ventilated with¬
out severe drafts during the day, and covered with straw

SCHIZANTIIUS FLOWER. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. S6.

See Page 204.

mats at night. The growth is very rapid during the
first three or four weeks, and then as the weather
becomes milder the plants are more and more exposed
to the open air, and as the time for transplanting draws
near water is withheld so that on sunny afternoons the
plants look quite drooping. The result is a fine lot of
plants from eight to 12 inches tall, with hard, woody
stems, blossom buds showing and tough leaves that
will withstand a light frost, if it should occur.

SETTING THE PLANTS. — In setting these plants
in the field they are set or rather laid in shallow fur¬
rows, tops away from the prevailing winds ; a little soil
is drawn over the roots, a foot pressed on the spot,
while the rest of the stem is covered all but three or
four inches of the top, which is turned upward. The
footprint is left open to receive a pint of water, which
later is covered to prevent evaporation. Thus treated
they scarcely droop, and soon the whole stem, under¬
ground, is covered with rootlets, causing a vigorous
growth. But this is '"andering from the subject. With
sweet potatoes, egg plant and probably peppers, nothing
is gained here by bedding or sowing before April 1.
Peppers are treated in the same way as described for
tomatoes, while egg plants are sown in the same way,
and as soon as the tomatoes are removed they are trans¬
planted to the vacant beds at such distance as space
will permit. Nothing is gained by planting these in the
open ground until near June. Before each transplant¬
ing the plants are thoroughly hardened. In caring for
the plants it is well to have a thermometer in the shade
of a bar near the middle of the bed. During the day
the temperature may range from 60 to 90 degrees ; at
night it will often fall to 50, and occasional extremes
of 40 or 100 will do no harm. Special care is necessary
on those occasional cold, windy days, when bright sun¬
shine is interspersed by periods of cloudiness, to pre¬

vent either scorching or chilling the plants. In fact, a
fair degree of vigilance is at all times necessary, as a
little neglect at a critical time may be disastrous,
although as yet I have never had the slightest loss.
This may seem like a long exposition for a simple sub¬
ject, but though the details are numerous, they are not
difficult to understand. d. l. hartman.

Pennsylvania. _

WESTERN FARMERS C0MINC EAST.

The article on page 114 of The R. N.-Y. entitled “A
Western Farmer on Eastern Farms,” ought to excite
considerable interest. He states that “eastern farms
are the cheapest and best farm propositions on earth,”
and that “it is rank folly to sell them at the prices we
do.” I am glad to say that the farmers, in this locality
at least, are awakening to the fact, and the price of
farms is at least double what it was 10 years ago when

I bought here. My neighbor then offered his whole
farm for $1,000 ; he has lately sold the wood on it for
$1,200, and now asks $1,500 for what is left, and it is
cheap at that. Think of buying a good house and barn,
200 acres of land, including 1,000 bearing peach trees,
for $1,500 ! My own farm bought for less than $1,000

I I years ago, I would hesitate to sell to-day for $2,500.
This farm can produce an income of $1,000 a year, 40
per cent on $2,500. I would like to ask what investment
will pay a like interest with so little risk. But I started
to write this article to show that the western farms are
gradually coming East and if the western farmer wants
to remain with the best part of his farm he has got to
pull up stakes and move East. The grain dealer at the
West Willington railway station told me that he had
paid out for grain last year over $25,000. Not all of
this is used in Willington, for he has a few customers
in the adjoining town of Tolland, but grain is also
bought in Merion on the south and Stafford Springs on
the north, so it is quite fair to assume that at least
$30,000 is paid out yearly for grain by the farmers of
this “decadent New England hill town” with a voting
population of less than 300. Year after year the fer¬
tilizing ingredients in that $30,000 worth of grain are
added to the soil here, and the western farms to that
extent depleted, so as I said, the western farmer in time
will be compelled to come East to find his farm.

Why don’t we raise our own grain ? Because we
can buy it cheaper; because it is too difficult to cultivate
this stony ground ; because we can make more money
raising something else. Good corn is raised here, but
nearly all of it is cut up for silage, very little saved
for grain. Many of these cheap farms are passing into
the hands of foreigners with large families, to whom
the “hired man" problem is a matter of little or no
concern. Usually these make good citizens, the children
especially being rapidly Americanized in the free public
schools. GEO. A. COSGROVE.

AN AMATEUR'S EXPERIENCE WITH SAN
JOSE SCALE.

Four years ago upon my little lot of ground, 50 x 150
feet, besides my house, chicken coop and grape trellis, 1
had found room for a few fruit trees, and had planted
with care one plum, one pear, one crab apple, two
cherries and three peach trees. The cherry trees still
remain in full vigor and bearing while all the others
have one by one succumbed to the attacks of the San
Jose scale, and have gone up in smoke. And this is
the way of it : First the plum tree, at the time of fruitage
showed remarkable signs of decay. The smaller
branches, the boughs and tender twigs, appeared to be
dead or dying. Examining I found their surfaces en¬
crusted with something quite peculiar, which caused
them to resemble what I had observed on dead limbs in
the woods. Scraping the surface with my thumb-nail
or with the back of my knife blade, I discovered in the
stuff signs of life. Upon sending sample twigs so
affected to the Agricultural Experiment Station at
Geneva, N. Y., I learned that others had long preceded
me in finding out my enemy — the enemy of my fruit and
fruit trees, and that it had already been described and
named the San Jose scale. Next I sought its destruc¬
tion. I first tried the celebrated Bordeaux Mixture, and
prepared 50 gallons according to formulated directions,
with great care. It proved ineffective as to the scale,
but highly damaging to nearby vegetation. I applied it
by means of a long-handled whisk broom, bending the
long and slender limbs so as to reach every part of every
twig and leaf. Another application I made with a small
force pump, such as is often used in washing carriages.
This time the material used was whale-oil soap. Still
another trial was made with 25 per cent emulsion of
kerosene. The following Spring my plum tree showed
few leaves and still fewer blossoms. I pruned away
that which appeared to be positively dead. A week or
two later there was more to cut away, and so it went
on till the whole tree was gone.

Then came along a tree agent. Of course he wanted
my order for trees. I asked if lie could sell me stock
that would successfully resist the attacks of the San

Jose scale. He replied that there was no San Jose scale
in this State of New Jersey; at least he had not heard
of any. At any rate, there was none in New York, cer¬
tainly not in the region of his nurseries. Had I not
just read of the work of the experiment station on
Long Island and in other places up the State com¬
bating the scale? I concluded it safe to defer my
order. I now discovered that my crab apple tree was
sick, and that my favorite peach tree, which had long
borne so well such large and beautiful fruit of most
delicious flavor, showed signs of weakness evidently
because of the scale. I drenched them thoroughly with
whale-oil soap, using a strong solution, and toward
another Spring, having read in some agricultural paper
that caustic soda was a perfect insecticide for the terri¬
ble beast, provided it should be thoroughly applied and
in sufficient strength, I procured in Newark a quantity
of the substance said to be 78 per cent strong — at least
the very strongest there was manufactured. By means
of whisk broom and step ladder, and by ascending to
second story window nearby, I thoroughly sprayed the
crab apple tree, and repeated the operation before the
young leaves appeared. T served the peach trees in
much the same way. Also, having discovered that the
pear tree was infested, I gave it a double dose of the
caustic soda solution.

As the result of my investment in materials and tools,
and of hard and unpleasant work, I found in the suc¬
ceeding Autumn my trees all dead or dying, the paint
on my house near the crab apple tree stained and
injured by the soda, a tolerably fair suit of clothes well-
nigh ruined, and, strange to say, 13 of a brood of 14

A SC 1 1 1 Z A NT HUS PLANT IN BLOOM. Fio. 87.

See Page 204.

choice young chicks poisoned to death by being cooped
on the ground beneath the pear tree. Conclusion : I
think it better to do without fruit trees than to indulge
in difficult and unsafe experiments with insecticides.

Glen Ridge, N. J. m. n. h.

PROPAGATING STOCK UNDER GLASS.

Please explain the method of grafting and propagating new
or fine varieties of hickory, as practiced under glass, using
young trees for stock to graft upon. II. B. S.

Rocky River, O.

It is by no means certain that there is a practical
way of grafting the hickory under glass. It has been
tried by a few experimenters in a limited way, but
nothing of consequence has come of it as yet. The
way this is usually done is first to grow seedlings in
large pots, and when they are the size of a lead pencil
and in a vigorous state of growth, cut from a tree of
the variety to be propagated wood that has young
growth with some buds well matured near the base.
The part having these mature buds should have all
leaves cut off, and scions made that are not over two
buds in length, and one is thought by some grafters
to be better. Each scion should have a long tapering
wedge made on the butt end, a long downward gash
cut near the base of each stock, into which the wedged
part of the scion should be carefully forced. Strips of
waxed cloth should be wound about the stock and
scion, binding the latter firmly in place. The pots with
the seedlings thus prepared should be put in a cold
frame, which is a small, glass-covered enclosure, kept
well watered and partially shaded until union has taken
place. Another way is to allow the stocks fully to
mature, graft them in the ordinary way at the collar in
Spring, and cover each with an inverted glass jar
until the grafts begin to grow, when they may be set
in open ground. h. e. van deman.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

i

1 99

HARNESSING THE WIND.

Farm Power in Connecticut.

You ask on page 122 for facts and experience in rela¬
tion to power windmills, and as I have obtained much
valuable information from other replies to your paper,
I rather feel it a duty as well as a pleasure to give you
my experience along this line. I built house shown
at Fig. 88 in 1890, and supplied water to a tank in
attic from a brook 1,100 feet away, across which I built
a dam, and with several makes of hydraulic rams forced
water with a head of 354 feet through 1,100 feet of half¬
inch galvanized pipe, lifting it 49 feet to attic tank. It
was a success when the ram worked. I had four differ¬
ent rams during the three years I used this system, but
the path across my lots to the ram to start it was worn
smoother than the path to the church ; they finally ceased
to do duty altogether, and I bought a 16-foot windmill
with a 60-foot tower. As I make a living by “farming
and fishing” I built a workshop at foot of tower to keep
up the repairs on land and water, with a cellar under
same in which is located a pump connected to both
soft and hard water, and with a capacity of 600 gallons
per ho.ur. My shop is 16 feet wide and 40 feet long,
with 12-foot posts, all in one room, with tin roof, and
line shaft in basement 32 feet long. Beside the pump
I have connected with the windmill by shafting pulleys
and belts one emery wheel, one large grindstone, one
wood-turning lathe, eight-foot bench; one jig saw, one
16-inch splitting saw on adjustable table, one sticking
machine, one iron drilling machine, one wood planer
that planes four inches thick and 24 inches wide, one
air pump for pressure tank to blow whistle, one popular
grain grinding mill in which I have ground hundreds
of bushels of grain for feed and family use, one swing
cut-off saw, and outside, but connected by six-inch belt
a 28-inch saw where all of our wood and some of the
neighbors’ is reduced to stove length. F.ight cords
have just been sawed and 14 more are now in sight
ready for the slaughter. I keep no steady help, but
use the tools and machines in place of men. If I want
a boat I make it; if a sled or a wagon I make them too.

My shafting is arranged so 1 can run one machine
without driving superfluous gears, and while there are
times that the wind fails, by being around here most of
the time I can do the required work on short notice. I
have hot and cold water all over the house, and cold
water at stable. If a person is not of necessity com¬
pelled to use the power at specified times the windmill
is the best thing there is. It is easy to believe that it
takes power to run some of the machines enumerated,
the largest driven by six-inch belts. With 30 miles of
wind, which we often have here, I can get 10 horse
power. The mill has given me little trouble, but I do
have to go 60 feet in the air to oil it, and as I am 60
years of age I am in hopes within the next 25 years
something better may be offered, so that I won t have
to climb so high, but at this date, climbing included, it
is, in my opinion, the best thing for a private power
plant, where wind is as prevalent as on this Connecticut
coast. CHAS. Q. ELDREDGE.

I own a geared windmill, and pump water out of a 65-
foot well, forcing it 360 feet at an elevation of 50 feet
to cistern. I use a pump which a three-year-old child
can pump by hand. I grind any kind of small grain, 10
to 20 bushels per hour, 105 feet from the mill, where
the barn is located, with a one-fourth-inch endless soft
wire cable, and am able to cut feed with wonderful
speed, and can keep warm on a very cold day at cutting.
The wheel is a 12-foot one on a 40-foot steel tower
that is to one side of pump 10 feet; this mill will de¬
velop four to six horse power in a 25-mile wind. 1 he
mill is a ball-bearing one, and needs no attention except
oiling, and will take care of itself in any w'ind, as it
will blow' out when a sudden gust strikes it. It is not
any more expensive than a good gasoline engine, and
25 cents worth of oil will keep it oiled for a year. I
can pump, grind and cut feed at the same time in a 10-
mile wind. Wind is the cheapest power on earth if you
get hooked on properly. w. T. p.

Wellsburg, Ind.

MORE ABOUT WIRE FENCE.

As a subscriber to your estimable paper, and as a
director and considerable stockholder in two wire fence
manufacturing concerns, I am greatly interested in the
discussion, bv your correspondents, regarding the qual¬
ity of the w'ire and the galvanizing which enters into
wire fence construction. From the tenor of the con¬
tributed letters, it would seem that the general impres¬
sion is that the manufacturers of fence are quite gener¬
ally derelict in their duty toward the farmer, frequently
sacrificing quality of wire and galvanizing to cheapness.
While this may occasionally he true, yet T am certain
that an overwhelming majority of manufacturers are
extremely particular in their endeavor to secure the
very best product of the wire mills. In the fence busi¬
ness, competition is extremely keen, and the margin
between actual manufacturing cost and wholesale prices
to agents, is as small as on any other staple produc¬

tion. Hence, the manufacturer who wilfully sacri¬
fices the quality of his product by employing cheap ma¬
terial, certainly invites financial ruin. Profits in the
fence business can only be acquired and continued by
upbuilding an enviable reputation which will endure .
throughout the ordinary business existence.

In our own factories it is not an unusual thing to
return annually a number of carloads' of wire because
of some defect in the galvanizing or tensile strength.
Rigid inspection, such as this, frequently results in

A POWER WINDMILL AND SHOP. Fig. 88.

temporary loss by stoppage of looms which otherwise
would be engaged in filling orders.

It is therefore a self-evident fact that it behooves the
manufacturer to give his patron, the farmer, a “square
deal,” and any effort which your paper may make in
securing a betterment of existing conditions will be
heartily seconded by the manufacturers themselves.
On the other hand, it must be borne in mind by the
consumer that it is usually the case that when a line
of staple production becomes standardized, he almost in¬
variably gets just what he pavs for. The purchase of
fencing is no exception to this rule. At the present
time, as we have previously stated, the margin of profit
in the fence business is not excessive, and the pur¬
chaser who pays a cheap price must expect and be satis¬
fied w'ith a cheap fence. The wire market is usually
stable and is less liable to violent fluctuations even than
wheat, hence there are few “bargains” in fence, for the
price of fence is, of necessity, based upon its weight
per rod.

If the agricultural experiment stations can influence
legislation in favor of the adoption of a standard
amount of spelter per mile, or ton, of No. 11 w'ire, or if

“FARMING IN FLORIDA.” Fig. 89.

See Hope Farm Notes, Page 209.

they can improve upon the formulas now in use by the
wire mills in creating their product, and work an actual
improvement in each case, none will hail it with greater
delight than the manufacturer of fence, unless, per¬
chance, it be the manufacturer of wire himself. Do
not permit the agitation of this vital topic to cease, for
it can scarcely fail to be productive of good, and real
results can only be obtained by the freest interchange
of thought and experience. The experience of the con¬
sumer of a product which is up for criticism, if intelli¬
gently expressed and confined to explicit statements of
facts is of incalculable value to an unbiased manufac¬
turer, and it is my hope that you will invite the freest
discussion of this most interesting and important sub¬
ject. MANUKACTURER NO. 2.

CONCRETE FOR FARM USE .

Part I.

In a recent issue some one asks for information in
regard to concrete construction. In localities where
cement and labor are cheap, and sand and gravel are
convenient, concrete can often be used economically.
In all mortars the sand must not contain very much dirt.
If it soils clean hands very much it should not be used.
A more accurate way to test it is as follows: Take
about 12 to 15 pounds of sand as it comes from the
ground, wet and dry it thoroughly; then weigh out 654
pounds, 100 ounces, and put it into a clean dish. The
dish should be large enough to hold three or four times
as much, so as to give plenty of room for water. Pour
on water liberally, and stir well. Wait a few seconds
for the sand to settle, and then pour the water off.
Repeat this till the water comes off clear. Then dry
and weigh again. If the shrinkage is more than two
ounces— two per cent— the sand should not be used. Of
course sand is not at its best unless perfectly clean.
Two per cent of dirt, however, is not enough to spoil
it for ordinary work.

Engineers have appliances for testing cement, but the
farmer who has not would better consult some one
who has. Let him write to the city engineer of the
nearest large city asking for brands of the best cements
on the market in his locality. Nothing but moisture ever
injures cement. When a barrel is opened there is
sometimes a slightly packed or slightly set crust around
the outside. I have known engineers who would con¬
demn all of such a barrel. If such cement crumbles
to flour from a smart blow with the fiat side of an ax
it will be all right. If, however, it breaks up in chunks,
only so much as will run through a very fine sieve
should be used. It sometimes happens that cement
gets wet, in which case all that has been wet will be a
stone, and may be used in the concrete the same as any
other stone. Where cement is spoiled it may be ground
fine and burned again, and be as good as ever. To burn
it spread it on a piece of boiler iron over a hot fire, and
heat it enough so that it will burn a stick of wood if
put in it. Keep it at this temperature for 15 to 20
minutes, and it will be all right. Where only a small
amount is needed it sometimes pays to renew some old
cement rather than spend time to go after new. Pure
clay if puddled and dried will always crack, while if
sand in sufficient quantity is mixed with the clay it
will not crack. Cement and sand work similarly. A
R. N.-Y. correspondent speaks of mixing two parts of
sand to one of cement. The more cement used in the
mixture the greater the danger of cracking. For this
reason mortar mixed three to one will be less liable
to crack than if mixed two to one. For low walls that
do not support a heavy load good sand and cement
mixed four to one is all right. A three to one mixture
if properly handled while setting will make a stone
harder than ordinary sandstone. It will not be imper¬
vious to water, however. For a cistern, mortar should
be as rich as two to one, or even richer, and under
very much pressure will need to be treated with a water¬
proof solution also.

Hollow concrete blocks are being used for large
buildings. These blocks are made in a factory. The
molds are filled and placed in a tight room. Live steam
is turned on for 48 hours or more. It must he remem¬
bered that cement must be kept damp until it sets. In
ordinary Summer weather 10 days to two weeks are
required. A man can walk on it sometimes after 24
hours, but it is not thoroughly set yet, and if allowed
to dry at this stage it will never be very hard. Bear
in mind also that cement will not set if too cold no
matter how wet it is. I once saw cement mortar mixed
two to one with the best German cement in the bottom
of a sewer, with a stream of water running over it con¬
stantly for two weeks, which had only set enough to
keep from washing. The cement was condemned and
ordered taken out. The contractor protested, and to
prove that his work was good, took a handful of that
cement mud, made a ball of it, and put it in a warm
place in his office. In two days that ball was as hard
as marble. The season was late Fall, and the water
was cold. In . the factory the live steam furnishes
moisture and heat, and the cement sets much quicker
and better, but factory details are not practicable for
the farm. The blocks can be molded, however, kept
shaded and damp for 10 days in ordinary Summer
weather, and a very good stone be the result. If, at a
month’s age it is not as strong as ordinary sandstone,
the fault is either poor cement, dirty material or im¬
proper management while setting.

Note that the bulk of wall is only equal to the bulk
of the gravel used. The cement disappears, filling the
voids in the sand, and the mortar should only be enough
to fill the voids in the gravel. The greatest economy
requires that gravel should range in sizes from one-
eighth-inch in diameter up to three or even four inches,
for the small gravel helps to fill the voids in the large
gravel. Every stone added increases the bulk without
decreasing the efficiency, provided that the voids are
all filled. If hollow stone blocks are made nothing
coarser than pea gravel can be used, thus requiring more
cement in proportion to the stone made. In a solid
wall stones up to the thickness of the wall may be used,
but such large ones should be placed in position by
hand. The quantity saved by the hollow in the stone
will hardly equal the amount saved by being able to put
in larger stones. Further, hollow blocks are more
liable to break in handling. In the factory with skilled
workmen and proper appliances this last objection does
not amount to as much as on the farm. It will be seen
then that for our folks the solid wall will be better.

Washington. e. j. Hermans.

200

March 11,

FARMERS’ CLUB

| Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please, see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. But. questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Forest Leaves for Mulching Strawberries.

W. H’. Terre Haute, Tnd, — Will forest
leaves answer the same purpose as straw for
covering strawberry plants when the ground
is frozen, and give as good results in the
fruit produced?

Ans. — No, the leaves will not answer
as well as the straw. Unless they are
held in place by cornstalks or some heavy
cover they will blow off until they are
soaked with wet. When wet they mat
down over the plants, giving little chance
for air, and often smothering part of
the crop. Iti our experience it is hard
for the feebler plants to grow up through
a mat of wet leaves.

Pear Questions.

tP. M. S.. Waterloo, N. Y. — How many
years will it take a two-year-old Bartlett
pear tree (nursery stock) after setting be¬
fore it will yield? Can Bartlett he grafted
on other stock and produce fruit earlier? If
so how much sooner, and what stock would
you recommend?

Ans. — Bartlett pear trees on pear roots
should begin to bear a little about four
years from setting, but no profitable crops
until they have been set about eight years,
except on quince stocks or where grown
on the Pacific coast. In the latter cases
they bear earlier. The Bartlett can he and
is very successfully grafted and budded on
quince stocks, and this is done for the
purpose of causing early fruiting, but I
know of no other stock that is really val¬
uable for this purpose. On our wild
haw it will grow and bear early, but the
union is not very good. Plant dwarf pear
trees deep and they will eventually send
out pear roots above the stock and renew
their vigor. H. E. van deman.

Apples for New Jersey.

J. K. N., Colt’s Neck, Ar. ./. — I would like
to have your opinion of this selection of ap¬
ple trees, set last Spring on light reddish
soil : 40 per cent Beach ; 20 per cent Rome
Beauty ; 10 per cent, eacli of Ohio Nonpareil,
Bismarck and Summer Rose ; live per cent.
Williams Early Red, and a few Kansas and
York Imperial. What is Beach? 1 can find
no notice of it from fruit growers, and I see
some nurserymen state that Bismarck is a
blighter.

Ans. — The selection is not a bad one.
Rome Beauty is likely to be the most
profitable of the varieties mentioned.
Beach is a comparatively new apple from
northwestern Arkansas, and it is likely
that it will prove to be a good Winter
apple in New Jersey and other Northern
States. It is red and of good quality. Bis¬
marck is an early bearer, but the tree
does blight more than ordinary kinds, and
the fruit is of poor quality. “Kansas” I
do not know, although I do know Kansas
Keeper, which is a red striped Winter
apple of fair quality. Perhaps' the Ar¬
kansas is meant, which is a very good
red apple of the Winesap type. York
Imperial is one of the best Winter apples
for that region. H. e. van deman.

Dwarf Apple and Pear Trees.

R. V. I). (No State). — Are dwarf apple
and pear trees satisfactory ? Do they bear
sooner than the standards, and are they
long-lived ?

Ans. — Dwarf apple trees do bear earli¬
er than standards, but they are not con¬
sidered of any practical superiority, when
we have so many varieties that bear at
a reasonably early age. They have often
been planted, and after trial no one seems
to be willing to repeat the experiment,
so far as I know. Special stocks have to
be imported on which to grow them, and
at a very considerable cost above that of
ordinary apple stocks. I hey are long-
lived, so far as I know, for I I have seen
them as much as 25 years old and in
healthy condition. Dwarf pear trees are
of doubtful practicability, commercially,
if we take the evidence of all who have
grown them. Some like them well aru)
Others do not, My way to treat dwarf

pw trees is tn set them deep and thus.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

induce the pear roots to come out above
the quince stocks. This will attain the
two results, early bearing and permanence
of the trees. h. e. van deman.

Apples and Plums for the South.

H. L. T., Fort Payne, Ala. — For a com¬
mercial orchard what two varieties of ap¬
ples would be the most profitable? Loca¬
tion on Lookout Mountain, COO feet above
valley, 1,500 feet above sea level. Soil,
sandy loam. Market, Birmingham, Mobile
and New Orleans unless it would be more
profitable to ship early apples north. What
two varieties of plums should 1 plant? The
trees are 1o be planted in poultry yards.
Would it be best to use peach stocks for
plum buds?

Ans. — In the mountain regions of
northern Alabama all of the apples that
succeed in the mountains of the Southern
States will do about equally well there.
All of the Winesap type are successful,
and of these varieties the Stayman is
about the best. Kinnard and Paragon
are two others that are good. York Im¬
perial is a very good variety for this re¬
gion. The Ben Davis and its kin are
profitable, despite their poor flavor, and
Black Ben Davis is the best of them in
appearance that I have seen, and we know
that looks go a long way in the mar¬
kets. I do not think it would be so
profitable to grow early apples as the later
ones. There are two classes of plums that
do well in the South, the Japanese and
American. Of the former the Burbank
is one of the best. Some prefer the
Abundance. There is about two weeks
difference in the time of ripening, Abun¬
dance being the earlier. Of the Ameri¬
can species the Wyant is as good as any
of the great number of varieties named
and offered to the public by the nurseries.
Peach stocks are preferred by many for
the Japanese varieties, but the Marianna
stock is the best for the American type of
plums. H. E. VAN DEMAN.

CATALOGUES

C. W. Graham, Afton, N. Y. — Catalogue
of strawberry plants; 12 pages.

Mrs. .1 ames A. Root, Skaneateles, N*. Y. —
Wholesale price-list of native evergreens.
Very low prices are quoted for collected
seedlings.

Arthur J. Collins, Moorestown, N. J. —
Catalogue of Pleasant Valley nurseries; 24
pages, illustrated. Devoted to fruit and nut
trees and fruit plants.

Edward F. Dibble, Iloneoye Falls, N. Y.
■ — Catalogue of farm seeds and seed potatoes ;
pages. A good list, with the Early Manistee
potato, White 20th Century oats and Eighty-
day Yellow Dent corn as specialties.

W. P. Rupert & Sox, Seneca. N. Y.- — Cata¬
logue of fruit and ornamental trees, plants;
50 pages, handsomely illustrated. A large
collection, including many late novelties. An
inclosed four-page circular offers choice field
seeds.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW and
Standard Straw'by.
Kas’by, Grape and
Blk'by plants, Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, amt
True to Name. High quality and Low l’riees.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. K. WESTON & CO

K. F it No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

and SHADE. Flower-
tc. Catalogue tor 11*05

ESTABLISHED IN 184»

EDWIN ALLEN & SON, New Brunswick. N.J.

TREES

FOR FRUIT
ing Shrubs, e
sent FREE.

LOGANBERRIES

Let every fruit-grower plant some Loganber¬
ries. They are proving more productive and
profitable than Blackberries and ripen at a sea¬
son before summer drouths. Strong, welt-
rooted plants, $1.00 per dozen, postpaid.
Write for illustrated circular. Special prices in
quantities.

J. B. PILKINGTON, Nurseryman

Portland , Oregon

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 190a Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

GRAPES anil CURRANTS

The fruiting is for many years. Get the best varieties.
Let me suggest McKinley Crapes and Red Cross Cur¬
rants. They are uniform heavy bearers of choicest fruits.
I furnish plants of my own growing, superb stock. Also
all tho other leading varieties. Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬
berries and the finest collection of field grown, 2 year old Roses ever
offered. 8end for my new catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y,

KNIGHT’S FRUIT
PLANTS.

Strawberries Raspberries Blackberries

Millions of them as fine as ever grew. We grow
thebestlnall the choice varieties. Our Price
is Low. Catalogue free. Don't fail to send
for It. DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Sawyer, Mich,

Grafted PARAGON CHESTNUT TREES for

Sale. Also True Paragon Chestnut Scions. Write
for prices to C. K. S< )BER, Lewisburg, Union Co., Pa.

JAPAN WALNUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees
Fruits at 2 years, 7 by mall $1.00.

STAYMAN’^ WINFSAP APPLE. Superb quality,
ol Aim A It o TY lllLOAr , long keeper, $6.00 per 100.
Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. BARNHART, Denton, Maryland

FRUIT TREES.

A. Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. ana you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

1/Villowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayman. Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berber is Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKEsTRAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Pennn,

NTATIVE EVERGREENS — Balsam Fir. Arbor
Vitae, Am. Spruce, 6 to 12 in.. $4 per 1,000, 5,000
for $15. White Pine and Hemlock $5 per 1,000, 5,000
for $20. Also Fresh Apple Seed, crop of 1904. Write
for Price List. Mrs. JAMES A. ROOT.

Skaneateles, N. Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Ever blooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
’ bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Rathbun & Wilson Jr. and

Lucretia Dewberry Plants

and Strawberry Plants

at $1.50 and $2.0(1 per 1.000. I will sell 3,000 Rathbun
Root Cuttings for $24.00. My Catalogue will tell you
how to plant them. 1 am headquarters for first, class
stock. D. \V. MOsLEY, Dover, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200.000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes. Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes.
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address.

CHAS. BLACK. Hightstown, N. J.

Save Money on Fruit Plants

Strawberry Plants, $1.75 to $3p»r

All Kinds of Small Fruit Plants.

Seed Potatoes, $2.50 to $3 bbL

Special prices on a quantity.

Satisfaction Guaranteed. Catalogue Free.

O. A. E. BALDWIN,

Oak Street, Bridgman, Mich

DON’T BUY TBEE8until

■ you see our
1905 Cata’og of 62 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY
R. I’. D. No. 6. Newark, New York

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES.
SHRUBS, VINES & ROSES,

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue FREE
on request. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, New York.

■

Strawberries

The Mark Hanna

should be included in every or¬
der. A great new variety.

Strong growing , regular and
prolific bearer of excellent
large berries. We grow

All Varieties

and wo want you to see what Harrison quality
plants means. None better grown, vigorous, well
rooted, sure bearers. Prove by sending us trial
order, any size. 1905 catalog of all fruits free.

Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29 Berlin, Md.

RUBY RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and to-day is ahead of all others for profit, to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list.

C. G. VELIE & SON, Marlborough, N. Y.
Valley View Fruit Farm.

The Ward
BLACKBERRY

TREES astoni8hin?!”. "What is?” " Why, an unbroken line of

will continue to get it.

Box 122

orders' from the same people fof 25 Years.”

„ Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they

Car J) ree Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

Wiley dj Son, Cayuga, 3NT. Y.

Order Your Fruit Trees While Our Surplus Lasts

f^rr>?s from $5 00 per hundred up. Peach Trees, $20.00 per thousand and up/ in all the leading
varieties. Choice I lum and ( herry trees, Berry Plants, Shade Trees, Shrubs, Roses, etc. A postal card
request will bring you our Free Catalogue.

BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO., Box 8, YALESVILLE, CONN.

Trees*Plants

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. BLACK¬
BERRIES, STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES. Our Free
Catalogue will save you money. Please mention Rural New
Yorker.

MYER & SON. B RIDGE VILLE, DELAWARE

VARIETIES
QUALITY .
PRICES . .

w.

This is true of RUPERT’S NURSERY STOCK. We sell direct from the
Nursery to the Planter. Priced Catalogue free. No scale lias ever been
found in our Nursery. A present given every customer
ALWAYS answering this advertisement.

right Seed Corn Seed Oats

New, Large \ ieldiug AAarieties of Great Excellence

Clean Seed. Circulars and Samples mailed on request. We pay freight

RUPERT cfc SONTS; Box 25 Sonoca, 3XT. Y.

f

FOLLOW MY GREAT BLULDING LtP SYtSTEM and retain your old Strawberry Beds year
after year, and success is sure to follow. Why Destroy Plants that have good bearing
blood streaming through their veins or ribs? My Catalogue tells you how to grow
wonderful crops from the same soil each year. Send for it. Free.

KEYITT’S PLANT FARM, ------ . ATHENIA, N. J-

is a very strong grower, perfectly
hardy (in New Jersey), the fruit
black throughout and verv pro¬
lific. For price list address

PAYIP BAIRD & RON

Baird, New Jersey

PLANT PENNSYLVANIA’S BEST FRUIT TREES

AND SMALL FRUIT PLANTS Over HALF MILLION Peach, Apple.

O IVA/Y1-/I-/ r WOll rLrtlT lO. Japan Plum, Pear. Cherry. Our Busi¬
ness Catalog for busy people gives accurate descriptions of all Fruits worth planting in Central Atlantic
States. It’s free. THE PATTERSON NURSERY CO., Stewartstown, Pa.

$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID.

Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach
find Carolina Poplars, fjealthy,
true to name and Fu litigated. JVU kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember v‘ "■-* * —
price. Catalogue i’req '

D ?>* v» i > wuu a V iuq ft •*»/*

We BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and
l" RELIANCE NURSERY, «Q* H>, N, \s

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

201

LIME FOR ALFALFA.

Numerous unsuccessful attempts have
been made in central New Jersey to se¬
cure a profitable growth of this wonder¬
ful forage plant. The seed germinates
promptly, and often a quick growth of the
plant follows, to be smothered by weeds,
or to turn yellow and dwindle away. No
more persistent experimenter is known
than John P. Nelson, a New York com¬
mission dealer in cattle, sheep, etc., who
owns a farm in Monmouth County, on
which he has spent $1,500 in experiment¬
ing with Alfalfa. After repeated failures
on the farm he abandoned field experi¬
ments, and resorted to a garden plot, where
he could watch the plants and study
them more closely. Here he learned two
things which perhaps constitute the key
to success. Liming the small piece of
ground heavily, he changed the time of
sowing to July. A growth of 72 inches
resulted, and Mr. Nelson thought he saw
the way clear to a farm crop of this
desirable fodder. He sowed in August,
1902, a field of 2L? acres, after heavily
liming it, using 30 pounds of seed to the
acre ; and the next Spring added 400

pounds of bone dust. In 1903 he made
light cuttings and in 1904 cut over 13
tons, weiehed when ready for the barn.
A later growth of 20 inches was left un¬
cut, probably equal to 2V2 tons. There
was no attempt to inoculate the soil with
the bacteria which are said to enable the
plant to draw nitrogen from the air,

and this experiment teaches nothing as to
the advantages or disadvantages of such
inoculation. Mr. Nelson plowed 10 acres
of corn ground last Spring, and sowed
15 bushels of cow peas. These he plowed
under in August, and added five tons of
lime. He then sowed the field with Al¬
falfa, scattering over the surface a ton

of soil from Alfalfa fields in Onondaga
County, New York. On this field there
is a good stand of Alfalfa and a few
weeds. The soil has become inoculated
with the Alfalfa bacteria, and if such in¬
oculation materially adds to the producing
power of the field, Mr. Nelson may look
in 1906 for a hundred tons of cured Al¬
falfa hay from this 10-acre field.

w. w. S.

When to Trim Old Apple Trees.

IF. W. C., Terre Haute, I ml. — What, is
the best time of year to trim an old bearing
orchard of apples that has never been
trimmed much since planted, and to what
extent should the trees be trimmed?

A ns. — We should trim the orchard
rLht now. As to how much trimming
it will stand no one could tell exactly
without seeing the orchard. If there are
any limbs dead or partly dead cut them
off below the dead wood. Cut out the
branches that cross or interfere. In some
old orchards many limbs start back
toward the center of the tree, and then
curve about. Cut so as to open the head
of the tree. Remove some of these curv¬
ing limbs and trim out where several
limbs start together. Study the tree —
look it all over before you begin, and
then cut with a view to opening the head
to. as to let more sun in. Paint the
stubs of limbs as you cut.

Fertilizer for an Apple Orchard.

O. P., Lyndinville, N. Y. — IIow much ni¬
trogen, phosphoric acid and potash does one
ton of apples take from the soil? I wish to
mix a fertilizer corresponding to the plant
food removed.

Ans. — A ton of apples will take from
the soil a little over 2H> pounds of nitro¬
gen, nearly four pounds of potash, and
less than one pound of phosphoric acid.
You cannot safely figure from this that
fertilizer in this proportion should be
used. The tree must make a growth
both above and below ground, and also
provision must be made for the leaves,
which drop and are often blown away.
Dr. Jenkins estimated that in 390 baskets
of peaches there were 20 pounds of nitro¬
gen, 22 of potash and 4 of phosphoric
acid. The composition of apples is not
much different. Prof. Roberts, of Cor¬
nell, estimated that an acre of old apple
trees made four tons of leaves, contain¬

ing 33 pounds of nitrogen, 13 of phos¬
phoric acid and 40 of potash. It would
be hardly possible to tell how much plant
food would be necessary to make the sea¬
son’s growth of wood, but the amount
will be considerable, and a large quan¬
tity of lime is needed. All this shows
that we cannot depend on the weight of
fruit removed from the orchard as a sure
indication of the fertilizer needs. Prof.
Voorhees has suggested a mixture of
equal parts each of ground bone, acid
phosphate and muriate of potash — 800
pounds or more of the mixture per acre,
and in case the trees do not look thrifty,
he advises the use of 150 pounds nitrate
of soda in addition. Where an orchard
is in sod we would use a mixture of
three parts acid phosphate to one of muri¬
ate of potash, with nitrate of soda added
as the trees seemed to need it. The in¬
dications would be a lack of green color
and thrift. It is necessary to supply lime
to most old orchards. That is why wood
ashes, give such good results.

Ci. raring Oak Land. — I see in late copies
of The It. N.-Y. several articles about clear¬
ing land of oak “grubs" or small trees, and as
we have in this part of Michigan a great
deal of this work to do, I think our way is
about the best and most expeditious. For all
such trees not more than two or 2 V> inches
in diameter. 1 hitch a stout log chain to
them (two or three feet from the ground);
bitch or a team of 1.400-pound horses, give
them a hint of what is wanted, and the
tree usually comes out with a jerk. Of
course there are a good many of these trees
so large that a team cannot pull them out.
and for them I use a large set of tackle
blocks, anchor to the root of some stout tree
or stump, hitch the horses to the rope, and
unless the tree is more than four or five
inches through it can lie readily pulled. Last
Spring I wanted to take out a few apple
trees seven or eight inches thick (of the Hen
Davis variety), and with the tackle blocks I
nulled them out root and branch. My blocks
are 10-inch size, two wheels in one block,
one in the other, and I have 100 feet of
one-inch manila rope, which is strong enough
for any strain 1 have yet put on it. Cost
of outfit. $5.82. E. H.

Stanton, Mich.

For the land's sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BE8T

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
urange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NQERS0LL. 24H Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

goingtobuya HARROW

Want Best for least Cash.
\A/£tnake that kind.
,ff LPAV KKKK.HT.Cat
free. Write for price.
“ G.H. POUNDER, Nu.
17 Ft. Atkinson, WU.

noil I with single and double
wheel cultivator. Send
for illustrated catalogue and prices. , .

.BACON MFG. CO., Pontiac, Mich.

Famous Brinly No. 0
Subsoil Plow .

Sent freight prepaid with an extra
point for $*5, except to places where we
have agents. Has proven a success for 30
years. Used with one horse behind turning
plow. Insures larger crops. Unbreakable stan¬
dard. Mole-shape point makes it pull light.
Manufactured by

BRINLY-HAKDY CO.. 253 Main St.,
Established 1830. Louisville, Ky.

Aspinwall Machinery
Insures Paying
Potato Crops.

In use all over the world.
Thousands of users for over a
quarter of a century, all en¬
thusiastic. With our machines
seed is quickly cut to best ad¬
vantage. Planting, Fertiliz¬
ing, Covering, all one oper¬
ation; any depth, any width of
row. (Corn, pea, bean and en¬
silage attachment provided.)
Digging and sorting made
easy, pleasant work.

I Send for beautiful. Illustrated
free catalog, giving valuable In-
| formation regarding economical
handling of crop.

ASPINWALL MFC. CO., D«pt. K
27 Sabin St., Jackson, Mich.

PARSONS’ “LOW-DOWN ’’ WAGONS
Are GOOD for the man with a BAD

BACK,

and not

BAD

for the
man
with a

GOOD

back

Write for
Catalogue

PARSONS "LOW-DOWN" WAGON WORKS, Earlville.N.Y

The Holmes Adjust - only
able Trimming Saw $3.00

The only practical trimming tool on the mar¬
ket. No more climbing trees. Works from the
ground. Can be adjusted at any angle for light

or heavy
work. Cuts
with the
drawing
m o t i o n,
conse¬
quently
avoids all
kinking of
saw. Will
pay for it-
s e 1 f in
three days.
Shipped to
any ad¬
dress on
receipt of
price, after

March 2, 1905. Patent applied for. Address C.
T. HOLMES, 419 Pearl Street, Burlington, Vt.

A Valuable New Potato

“Harris Snowball”

This new seedling has been thoroughly tested
for the past three years When blight and rot has
been almost universal in this state, and it has
never been affected with either of these diseases.
Last season it yielded 334 bushels per acre
without fertilizer or spraying, where other kinds
were failures on account of blight. Why lose
100 bushels per acre from effects of blight and a
large percentage from rot, when this “blight
proof” variety can be had at a very moderate
price ? Full description in our catalc gue.

We are extensively engaged in Seed Growing
and we offer the best seeds at lowest prices.

It will pay you to see our catalogue. It con¬
tains lots ot good new things. No charge for it.

JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY
Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y.

Crosby Early Sweet Corn-

a pure strain for seed, in quantities from one
to two hundred bushels for Immediate delivery
at $2 50 per bushel f. o. b. express or freight.
Cash with order.

RIVERSIDE FARM
Nashua - New Hampshire

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Ce'ery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let¬
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price Lise.

J. E. HUTTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

Innn nnn asparagus roots— The

jHUUyUUv Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-p»ge
Catalogue. It Is FKKE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOORE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

ASPARAGUS I RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

PEDIGREED PEACH TREES . -

New Fruits and Berries— Low Prices,
Everything for the Fruit Grower. Catalog FREE
LINDS LEY’S NUR8ERIE -, Whitehouse, N. «J.

BUY PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY PLANTS

of the Originator. Send for circular.

THOMAS R. HUNT, Lambertville. N. J.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample,
Nettle. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

50,000 Columbian Raspberry Plants

at the following prices: $3 per 500; $5 per 1,000. All
No. 1 Plants.

J. K. Mickelsen, Oaks Corners. N. Y.

LONG ISLAND CABBAGE SEED,- Spring,
Summer, Fall, Winter. Catalog and Sample Free.
Four 10c. FRANCIS BRILL, Hempstead, N. Y.

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R,S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley , Del.

DHTlTnCC grown especially for SEED. 15
“U I J) | UCO varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

IRISH COBBLER SEED POTATOES $3.00 per
1 barrel. JOHN HERR SHENK, Lancaster, Pa.

UdII'g Imnrm/ort Secoud-Crop Potatoes the beat SEED
ndl! b UfCvl everywhere. 45 varieties of Strawberry

plants good as grow. Asparagus Roots, Seed Corn, etc. Descrip¬
tive Catalogue FREE. J. W. HALL, Marlon Station, Md.

POTATOES-Blush.Bovee, Carman, Harvest.fi Weeks,
Ohio, Reliance, 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

EST FRUIT PAPER

for 3 month*. Stamps or silver.

NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER,
St. Joseph, Michigan.

SEED SOWERSES

and up. Booklet with Calendar free.
SEEDER MFG. CO.. Box 4, Homer, Mich.

91% nnn If liun Earliest. Largest, Brightest
tbOollUU nlHU New Red Raspberry. Finest

catalog. W. N. SOAKFF, NEW CARLISLE. OIII*

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

— — 1 41041 and nn. C:i talocr Free.

50 varieties

at SI per

1,000 and up. Catalog Free.

R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Mich.

PRATT’S ANTI-SCALE PETROLEUM

Mixes instantly with water and stays mixed. No
boiling. No heating. We will deliver free on board
R. R. in this city, a 10 gallon can, enough to prepare
200 gallons of Spray with the simple addition of
water, for $0.00, or in bids., 50 cents per gal.

B. G. PRATT CO., 29 Broadway, New York City

LAND ROLLER

Get catalogue of 1, 2, 3 & 4 horse
Tread Powers, Sweep
Powers, Grain Separ
tors, Hand and Power
Corn Shellers, Grind¬
ing Mill, Corn Plant¬
ers, Cultivators, Steam
and Gasoline Engines,

3 to 25 horse, mounted or stationery, etc.

STEEIj

drums

I.

FRAME

T1IE MESSIN G Eli MEG. CO., Taturoy, Pa.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark's Reversible Busli & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to 10 in. deep, in. wide

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mm tard, charlock, hard¬
back sunflower, milkweed, thistle
oranv foul plant. Send for clr’lars. II
CUTAWAY HAKROY7 CO.,

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

202

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11,

What About Dust Spraying ?

Ij. II. M. Berkeley Co., TF. la.— What
is the status of the dust method of spraying
to-da.v? Has there been any improvement in
it in the last two years, or a more satisfac¬
tory use of it? The liquid methods continue
expensive, cumbersome and slow.

Ans. — We ask our readers for experi¬
ence. What was learned from last year’s
experience? We all understand that “dust
spraying” means blowing the chemicals
or poisons which are used in liquid sprays
against the plants or trees in the form of
a fine dust. A method of making “dry
Bordeaux” was given last week. This
dust settles over the trees and, if it can be
made to stay there, will do nearly as well
as the liquids. The dust should be ap¬
plied when the leaves are damp in order
to make it stick. When the wind is blow¬
ing the dust is not as effective as the
liquid. Our opinion is that *the dust is
used chiefly where for one reason or an¬
other it is difficult to obtain or carry
liquids for spraying. Of course the dust
will be useless against such an insect as
the San Jose scale.

Fruits for Connecticut.

II. J. Wins ted. Conn. — Hast Fall T came
into possession of a small farm which I
intend to plant to various fruits. - I enclose
a list of apples, pears, etc., and would like
your opinion and suggestions on same ;
would also like to know which are the most
profitable apples to raise for general market.
Are not pears more profitable than apples?
As soon as I can get the ground cleared I
shall set out a few acres to apples and some
pears; in the meantime it is my intention
to plant several hundred apple grafts, which
I can buy at $1 per 100 in nursery rows
and give them clean cultivation until big
enough to transplant.

Ans. — The list of fruit as sent would
be all right for an amateur’s orchard, but
of very little value for commercial pur¬
poses. Pears have proved profitable in
this State only in the hands of men who
have had experience with them. Unless
the inquirer has had experience in nurs¬
ery work it is a safe guess to state that
he will probably fail in growing trees
from root grafts. I have revised his
list and added to it as is needed :

Apples: Astrachan ; Yellow Transpar¬
ent; Duchess of Oldenburg; Gravenstein;
Red Beitigheimer ; Grimes Golden ; Jon¬
athan ; Northern Spy; Wolf River;
Walker Beauty ; King ; Hyslop crab.
Pears : Bartlett, Clapp’s Favorite, Beurre
d’Anjou; Louise Bonne de Jersey; Wor-
den-Seckel; Beurre Easter; Winter Nelis.
Plums : Botan ; Burbank ; Chaleo ; Cli¬
max; October Purple; Sultan. Quince:
Champion; Meech’s Prolific. Raspberries:
Cuthbert, Loudon; Columbia. To these
add the following market apples : Bald¬
win, R. I. Greening, Roxbury Russet. Cur¬
rants: Wilder, Fay, White Imperial.

Plums: Abundance, Burbank, Satsuma.
Quince : Orange. A. G. gulley.

Fruits for Eastern Pennsylvania.

TF. TF. K., Reading, Pa. — Will you give the
names of five each of the best apples, pears,
peaches, cherries, and plums, in the order
named, for home use? Locality, eastern
Pennsylvania.

Ans. — The inquirer does not mention
the earliness or lateness of the fruits de¬
sired, but it is probable that an assort¬
ment is wanted, some early and some
late, so that they will ripen in succession.
Of apples the Summer Rose, Fanny,
Grimes, York Imperial and Stark will be
good. Of pears, Madeleine, Howell, Bart¬
lett, Seckel and Lawrence are among the
best. Triumph, Elberta, Stump, Chairs and
Heath Cling make a good succession of
peaches. Of the sour cherries the Rich¬
mond and English Morello are among
the best, and the Tartarian, Napoleon
and Windsor of the sweet varieties.
There are three classes of plums, the
American, European and Japanese, all of
which succeed fairly well in Pennsyl¬
vania. Of the American kinds it is hard¬
ly necessary to plant any, owing to their
quality being inferior to the others, but
the trees are hardy, and for that reason
very suitable to the regions of very se¬
vere climatic conditions. Among the
best of the European kinds for eastern
Pennsylvania are the Lombard, Yellow

Egg and Grand Duke. Of the Japanese
varieties Abundance and Burbank are
the best. It is my opinion that it is not
wise to plant many trees of any of Sum¬
mer and Fall apples, but a tree or two of
several varieties of each, reserving the
bulk of the number of trees to be of the
Winter kinds. h. e. van deman.

Persian Walnut for Ontario.

J. R. It., Quecnston, Out. — I wish to se¬
cure information concerning the English
walnut, as I wish to plant a large acreage.
What kind of soil are they best adapted to,
level or rolling land? What distance should
they be planted apart? Do they require
much cultivation, and how Idng before they
require pruning? Where is the best place
to purchase trees?

Ans. — The Persian (improperly called
English) walnut will grow in almost any
ordinary soil and location, whether hilly
or level, but the richer the land the bet¬
ter. I have been at Queenston, Ontario,
and should expect the proper varieties
of this nut to do well there. It is but a
few miles from there to Lockport, N. Y.,
where there is a tree that is perfectly
hardy and bears good nuts abundantly.
The variety has been called Pomeroy in
honor of the man on whose place it
grows, and who lias repeatedly shown the
nuts to the public, together with photo¬
graphs of the tree. I have eaten speci¬
mens, and I think very well of the variety.
Whether or not it will prove a success
as an orchard tree must be proved by
testing it under other conditions. The
trees should be set not nearer than 30
feet of each other, and 40 or 50 would be
better, for they live to an old age and
attain considerable size. I have seen them
in several States, and some in the northern
sections are very large. They need good
cultivation to make good growth and rich
soil. Pruning is not essential, although
the trees should be trained to have good
form. Persian walnut trees are not sold
by many of the eastern nurseries, but in
California and Oregon they are usually
kept for sale. The varieties that seem
to succeed the best there are Wayette and
Franquette. h. e. van deman.

UjARDEN, Field and
Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring Harley, Blue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Red Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, anti Oats in car
lots track your station. Write for Field S -ed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.

115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

FOR SALE

—CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50

_ _ bushel; Cow Peas. $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes. $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E HOLLAND.

Milford. Delaware.

ISRACC CCCn Timothy and all kinds of Clover
UnHOw vkbll Seed, BlueGrass, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, BIG 4 Seed Oats. Enquiries pleasure to
answer. Let me hear trom you and your wants.
Address U. J. COVER, Mt. Gilead, Ohio.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The best shipping and selling tomato ever introd uced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or $1.00 per oz., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandanoh, L. I., X. Y.

SECOND CROP SEED POTATOES

Mature earlier.stand drought better, yield more large
potatoes than any other seed. Catalogue free.

ALF. A. WHITTINGTON. Marion Station, Md.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presque
-sle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots. *1.50,
10 bu. lots. *1.40. 25 bu. lots. *1.30. 50 bu. lots,
*1 .25. For larger lots, prices on application.

>J. B. BROWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L I., N. Y.

June Eating Potatoes f

crop. Bovee, Six Weeks, Earliest of Earlies. Carman
No. 3, and Sir Walter. E. A. Hill, Windham, N. Y.

FIELD SEEDS

Medium Red Clover, Timothy, Alfalfa, Alsike, Ken¬
tucky Blue Grass, Red Top and Beardless Barley.
Direct to Farmers. Samples and prices on application.
M. L. WHITE, Seedsman, Noblesville, Ind.

Early Excelsior Potatoes

Two weeks earlier than the Ohio, and a better
yielder than the late varieties.

40c. lb. $1. 00 for 3 lbs., postpaid.

Greer’s Seed Oats

Straw medium length, stiff and strong, Oats
pure white, heavy yielder, 65c. bu. $6.00 fer 10
bus. Bags, 15c.

Monster Spring Rye.

$1.50 bu. $13.50 for 10 bus.

For 10c. we wi 1 send a packet of the earliest
Tomato. O r Trojan, and the new Giant Aster,
Alice Roosevelt, ard our handsome Catalogue.

YOUNG & HALSTEAD

3 Grand Street, TROY, N. Y.

Hardie
Spray Pumps

The Codlin Moth which
annually destroys
$11,000,000 worth
of fruit.

should be used by
e v e ry fruit grower,
They save their cost
in a single season
and outlast any spray
pump made.

Hardie Spray Pumps are made from the very
best and most durable materials. No compli¬
cated mechanism, no parts to wear out, rust or
become clogged, and "they work so easy”.

Our Book on Spraying, tells about every In¬
sect pest and disease which attacks fruit trees
and gives ail the best and latest formulas for
preventing their ravages. It also gives the secret of
how the successful fruit grower makes big money. Just
ask for it on a postal. It's absolutely free.

H00K-HARB1EC0. 11 (Mechanic St. Hudson, Mich.

SPRAYERS

Barnes Pomp I.lne. Single and
double acting. High-
grade Iron and brass.

Bucket, Knapsack, Barrel',,

Pumps, Nozzles and Accessories.

All parts In contact with
liquid are brass. Best and
“the most complete line made.

Write today for free catalogue.

THE BARNES MFC. CO., Mansfield, I

Dibble’s Seed Corn

MEW EIGHTY-DAY YELLOW DENT. The earli¬
est dent corn in the world, growing in western
New York to a height of 10 to 12 feet, and dead ripe
September 1st. Pedigree seed, hand sorted, tip and
butt kernels discarded. Mammoth Yellow Flint and
Improved Learning two weeks earlier than Learning.
All seed corn tested before shipment. Catalog Free,

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

OUR CORN BEATS " JACK FROST.”

WHITE SIBERIAN. Yield last year,
84 bushels per acre (actual). White,
clean, heavy. 55 cents per bushel.

O. C. SHEPARD CO., Medina, Ohio

iATS AND CORN— For seed. New and im-
' mense yielding varieties. Write for circular.
THEO. BURT & SONS, Box E, Melrose, Ohio.

WORTH or

SEEDS EPEE.

I

I want to

get in touch with every
buyer of seeds. My plan of giv¬
ing $5 worth of tested seeds free,
is worth knowing. It includes a
chance to make more dollars. Send
for catalog and get packet of choice
flower seeds FREE. A postal will do it.

HENRY FIELD

Box 2<»

Shenandoah, la.

**T?i4 Ear- Seed- Com
Man”

We cata¬
logue thisv
season the
earliest mar¬
ket potato
ever produced
in the United
States.

GREGORY’S SEEDS

We catalogue a new drumhead cabbage
which in the government test surpassed all
Varieties found in this Country and Europe.
Catalogue free.

J. J. H. GREGORY & SON. Marblehead, Mats.

Pohhorvn Onnd Long Island grown, Succession.
UdUUd&u OCClJi Flat Dutch. Early Spring. 75c.
per lb. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City-

GENUINE IRISH COBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keeping qualities, this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl. to be genuine. Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as it goes.

EDWARD R1GG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

At ST. LOUIS a GRAND PRIZE
■was awarded on Vegetables , the
Products of

Burpee’s Seeds

If you garden you
want THE BEST

and we shall be pleased to mail you

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1905

an elegant new book of ij8 pages ,
which tells the plain truth, with
hundreds of illustrations, beautiful
colored plates, and describes Superb
Novelties of unusual merit. IVrite
to-day ! A postal card will do, while
it is sufficient to address simply

Burpee, Philadelphia

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

The World’s Largest Mail - Order Seed Trade r

Special Seed Offer

I will send post-paid, 15 Full Sized Packets of
flower seeds for 25 cents, consisting of Asters,
Alyssum, Bachelor Button, Coreopsis, Candytuft,
Mignonette, Marigold, Pinks, Poppies, Pansies,
Phlox, Portulaca, Petunia, sweet Peas and Zinnias.
For description see last page of 1905 Catalog. Send
for it to-day, it is free.

H. B. SNOW. 25 Railroad St.. Camden, New York

IGOOD

SEEDS

' CHEAP

Ever Grown.

None better and none so
low in price, lc per pkt.
and up, postpaid. Finest
illustrated catalogue ever
printed sent FREE, Engrav¬
ings of every variety. A great
lot of extra pkgs.of seeds, new
sorts, presented free with every
order. Some sorts onions only 50c
k per lb. Other seed equally low. 40
i years a seed grower and dealer and all
customers satisfied. No old seeds. Send
l-t your own and neighbor’s name and address
for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Ills.

Seed Potatoes

WHOLESALE PRICES'

Our Seed Potatoes are grown in the
Northern partof Aroostook County, Maine, and
are fine. Garden Seeds, all varieties. Send
for our Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos. Griswold <& Co.,

36 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

Potatoes

The famous “D tr B Line”
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads in earliness, yield,
vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money.

For 25 cents (stamps or
silver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.
DARLING & BEAHAN,

328 Michigan St.. PET0SKEY. MICH.

•Plant Improved varieties of seed cornthls season; they

_ _ _ _ _ _ Istand at the head of all varieties w here ver planted, wifi

not disappoint any one who plants tfiem. Pride of N’ishna (yellow), Iowa Silver Mine, Imperial
(white) will make largeryields of good, sound, well matured corn than any other known varieties.
Price 81. S5 per bu; 10 bu. or over, 11.26 per bu., bags free, F. O. B. carsShenandoah. Ia. Ordersshipped
same day received. Catalog describing all farm, garden and flower seeds, free. Always address
Katekln’s Seed House, Box 10, Shenandoah, Ia. The Largest Seed Corn Growers in the World.

xHEILMANN’S — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THE IHEILMANK SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

-JtfATER MELON SEED

GROWN IN THE SUNNY SOUTH.

Green rind, red meat, full of juice and so sweet.”

If you want quality, sweetness, and the best melons that it i&$L
’possible to grow, plant our southem*£rown melon seed. Northern
or wes tern-grown melon seed doesn’t begin to compare, when you ‘^j
^consider the quality and product of the fruit' produced. **

t. Three Ounces — Three Best Yarleties — Hailed for 25c.

aLWood’s Descriptive Seed Catalogue tells about the best southern melons, £
\\" &nd all other Farm and Garden Seeds. It’s mailed free for the asking. jjSU
We are headquarters for Cow Peas, Sorghums, Seed Corn, Ensilage jA
iL., Corn, ilillet, Soja and Velvet Beans. Write for Catalogue. _

sL W Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Richmond, Vad .

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

203

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Obstruction of Drain.

A reader asks the following question : The
diagram shows intersecting roads in Sullivan
Co., N. Y. The section of the road from B
to A has been raised about five feet. At the
time This was done a stone drain was built
underneath the road at C to permit the water
which collected in field No. 1 to run away.
There is no regular running stream in the
vicinity. The arrows show the direction in
which storm water flows, making a pond at
field No. 1 after heavy rains or melting snow.
As the drain across the road is filled up, so
that there is no passage, field No. 1, which
is valuable land, is spoiled for agricultural
purposes, as the water stands there several
months in the year. A farmer living at No.
3 owns fields No. 1 and and No. 2, and wishes
to do away with the nuisance by opening the
drain across the road. The overseer of high¬
ways refuses to assist in this, claiming that
as the farmer owns fields No. 1 and No. 2,
he must personally do all the work needed to
open the drain, and be responsible to the
public for the time that the road is broken
up on this account. At the time that the
road was raised the need of the drain was
evidently recognized. What can the farmer

u

/ CO

'' -S~"$

.CL,

S " T

‘><Y\
** 1

ir

Roo.lL

- C «

do in order to get this water-course open,
thus saving his land and abating the nui¬
sance of the standing water?

We understand from the question that
prior to the raising of the road shown on
the diagram, the surface water passed
freely from field No. 1 to field No. 2. The
overseer of highways had no right to ob¬
struct the natural flow of this surface
water in such a way as to cause it to flood
field No. 1, and spoil it for agricultural
purposes. It was the duty of the authori¬
ties to provide and maintain an outlet for
such surface water to enable it to pass
away as before the improvement was
made. For their failure to keep the drain
open they are responsible to the owner of
field No. 1 for such damages as he has
sustained by reason of the overflow of his
property and of course it is the duty of the
overseer to open the drain and see that it
is kept open so far as necessary. The
farmer may if he chooses bring an action
to recover against the authorities the dam¬
ages .sustained by him, and if, after notifi¬
cation, they fail to cause the drain to be
opened he may do it himself, and recover
the expenses of so doing with the damages
sustained from their refusal. The fact that
the same person owns fields No. 1 and No.

2 is wholly immaterial.

What About Mushrooms ?

Subscriber (No Address.) — Is there any
money made in raising mushrooms? IIow
large a bed is required to pick 20 pounds?
IIow often do they require picking? Where
is the best spawn to be bought? Would it
pay to contract them, and at what price?
Where is the best market for them? I have
never raised any, but would like to try a bed
if I could make it pay.

Ans. — Mushrooms have been anything
but profitable to the small grower for
some time past. Fair mushrooms sold as
low as 10 to 20 cents a pound this Win¬
ter, and it is not likely they can profit¬
ably be grown for a less price than 40
cents a pound if charges for material and
labor are to be deducted. Mushrooms
should be picked daily when the beds are
producing. They are perishable, and
should be sent to market at once. Mush¬
rooms are so very uncertain in yield that
it is not possible to name the size of a
bed that would yield 20 pounds at a pick¬
ing. A yield of one or two pounds to the
square yard of bed for the season should
be satisfactory. Some beds yield more
and thousands less. Good spawn can be
had from any reliable seedsman. English
brick spawn is generally regarded as saf¬
est to use, though the French flake spawn
often produces the best mushrooms. First-
class mushrooms can be marketed in any
large city. We do not advise you to en¬
ter into any contract for growing this un¬
certain crop until you have first experi¬
mented with it in a small wav.

Harvester Talks to Farmers — No. I.

A Series of Personal Talks to the Grain and Grass Growing Farmers of America.

HEN you come to harvest You can’t fool the farmer more than
your grain or grass you one season.

want to have at hand, So then, when you see such harvest-
ready for use, a harvest- ing machines as the Champion, the Deer-
ing machine upon which ing, the McCormick, the Milwaukee
you can put every pos- and the Plano, growing in popu-
sible dependence. larity every year and gaining a strong-

Naturally, with a crop before you er, firmer hold on the respect of the
that won’t wait for cutting, you want farmers who buy them and use them,
to feel perfectly safe about your harvest- you are pretty safe in making up your
ing machines. mind that there is good, honest value

You don’t want an experiment nor a in these machines — a value and a merit
‘‘may-be-so you can’t afford to run a not found in machines which have failed
risk. to win the confidence of any consider-

We have purchased this space from able number of farmers.

the publisher of this paper, for the pur- -

pose of letting in a little light on the But mind you> it is not an easy mat.
harvesting machine question. ter ^ujid a first ciass machine every

In a series of talks we intend to show time>

any more than it is an easy matter
you how you can get a harvesting ma- get thirty bushels per acre of wheat
chine which you can know will bring every season, or to breed a 2:10 trotter

you through the harvest in good shape, or a champion bull every time,

without loss of time, without delays, and The manufacturer has his troubles —
without trials of temper. just as annoying as those of the farmer.

\\ e want to point out, from the farm- And the securing of first class ma-
ers view, the advantages of certain ma- teria]s is one of his first and most griev-
chines, telling in every case the why ous difficulties.

and giving the reasons behind every The iumber market, the iron market,

statement we make. the steel market, fluctuate; he cannot

I his is an advertisement, but every £>e sure what the materials will cost him
word in it is true— and we prove it. a few months hence.

It means more to your pocket-book Quality varies. Very frequently a

than it does to ours. shipment of coal or steel or lumber or

- paint or canvas does not come up to

Since the invention of the modern specifications,
grain harvester and self-binder, more Sometimes the thing most needed for

than a hundred different machines of making a perfect product seems almost
various styles and types have been put unprocurable.

on the market. This uncertainty of securing the right

The vast majority of them were of- materials, at the right time, at the right
fered for sale but a very short time. price, naturally led to an inevitable re-
Whyf suit:

What is it that determines the sue- The manufacturers of the principal

cess or failure of a farm machine or harvesting machines— those which had
implement? made for themselves a place on the mar-

Simply the will of the farmer. ket — said:

He is the judge and the jury in the “Here, we can’t stand this; we must
case. His decision is final. have better materials than we are get-

Take your own case as an example, ting; we must have them when we want
You want any labor saving machinery them, and we must have them at a fair
for use on your farm that is good. price. If there’s no other way to do it,
You don’t want the poor kind at any we’ll mine our own ore, roll our own
price. steel, saw our own lumber, make our own

The farmers of this country have al- paint, mine our own coal and make
ways been on the lookout for anything our own coke, as well as build our own
and everything that holds the promise machines. If one of us cannot operate
of better results. an iron mine and a steel mill, maybe

If a good thing is presented to them, two of us^ together can— certainly five
they buy it and pay for it and make a of us can.”
success of it. So five it was.

So if an agricultural implement of The manufacturers of five of the
any kind fails to make a success, there best self binders decided that by ca-
is only one reason for that failure, and operation they would produce for use
that is that it has not the merit that theiF severa .factories materials for
commends it to the good judgment and harvesting machine building, such as
sound sense of the practical farmers who they could not possibly procure in any
are asked to use it. other way — materials which would be

On the other hand, if a machine sue- under their personal inspection from
ceeds in winning popular favor, not only start to finish, and which they could be
for one year, but throughout a series of sure were right in every particular,
years, you can depend upon it, that there They have done that,
is a merit behind it. They have done it exactly on the same

principle as several farmers club
together to import a good stallion or to
own a good boar, or a score of farmers
co-operate in building a creamery, or
five hundred or more farmers form their
own fire insurance company.

This co-operation has resulted in pro¬
ducing materials which enable the man¬
ufacture of a line of harvesting ma¬
chines which have never been equalled
for durability and long life, for reliabil¬
ity and certainty of results and for all
round satisfaction in the hands of the
farmer.

Such harvesting machines as are pro¬
duced today in the va ious plants of
the International Harvester Company
could not, by any possibility, be pro¬
duced under any other condition — ex¬
cepting at an immense advance in cost
to the farmer.

We want to tell more about the fa¬
cilities of the International Harvester
Company in later articles in this series-
more about its immense lumber camps in
Arkansas and Missouri ; about its coal
mines in Kentucky; its iron mines in
Wisconsin and Minnesota — its steel
mills in Illinois; we want to tell about
the other improvements it has effected
and economies it has made, both in man¬
ufacturing and in distribution — but in
the present article we want only to leave
these two thoughts with you:

1. The International Harvester Com¬
pany is made up of the manufacturers
of only those machines which the
farmers of the country had endorsed as
being most worthy of confidence. The
Champion, the Deering, the McCormick,
the Milwaukee and the Plano have
proved their worth and gained the en¬
thusiastic approval of users in all parts
of the country.

2. The International Harvester Com¬
pany, by co-operation of its five plants,
has facilities for manufacturing, from
the mine and forest to the farm, pos¬
sessed by no other manufacturer of ag¬
ricultural implements, enabling it to
know that every machine in any one of
its plants has in it only the best pro¬
curable materials.

We want you to think of these two
things.

The harvesting machines endorsed by
the most farmers.

The harvesting machines with the best
materials in them.

That means something to you.

Look for our next talk, and, in the
meantime, you will doubtless find agen¬
cies in your own locality for these har¬
vesting machines. Each dealer under¬
stands thoroughly the one line he sells,
and carries a complete stock of repair
parts. He’ll be pleased to show you his
particular line and to provide you with
catalogue and full information.

In the International Harvesting Machines,

Champion, Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee, Plano,

You Arc Offered The Quall,y which comes from the world’s greatest facilities in manufacturing.

The Economy which comes from stable, uniform cost of materials.

The Safety which comes from a well established, permanent institution.

The Convenience which comes from separate agencies everywhere and repairs always on
hand.

You cannot afford to overlook these advantages. They are not offered you in other lines of harvesting machines.

Remember. The International lines are represented by dillerent dealers. See them tor catalogues.

Binders, Reapers, Headers, Header-Binders, Corn Binders. Corn Shockers, Corn Pickers, Huskers and Shredders, Mowers, Tedders, Hay Rakes. Sweeo

Rakes, Hay Stackers. Hay Balers, Knife Grinders, Gasoline Engines. Weber Wagons, Binder I wine.

Don’t
buy a
Vehicle
of any
kind until
you get our
New Vehicle
Catalog

We Ship on 30 Days Trial

Our

Terms
Are the
Most
Liberal
^ Ever
r Made.

fJI|T T |i I C A|l OUT an(l send it to us and we will mail you free the most complete catalogue ot vehicles ever printed. The cuts
nuM UU ■ are very large, the descriptions are complete and plain. We employ no agents, therefore our prices are the
lowest ever made. Don’t buy a vehicle of any kind until you get our 1905 catalogue MADlflN CMITII OA I'UIPACO II I

and see our astonishingly low prices and the most liberal terms ever made. TO/tlT W 111 OIT1I I al UU« IliiiUitUUi Ikka

2o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March ti

SCHIZANTHUS OR “POOR MAN'S
ORCHID

Prof. F. A. Waugh, • of the Massachu¬
setts Experiment Station, likes to grow
handsome flowers as well as plums and
cereals. He has tried the new large-flow¬
ering Schizanthuses, and found them very
attractive. He sends us some excellent
photographs of well-grown specimens
with the accompanying note:

In a late R. N.-Y. “Ruralism” there were
some interesting remarks about Schizanthuses.
We have fussed with these more or less and
had very gratifying results. As I happen 1o
have some photographs of them on hand. I
thought 1 would send them down for you to
look over.

Figs. 86 and 87, page 198, are repro¬
ductions of two of these pictures showing
the habit of the plants when in bloom and
a blooming branch with flowers natural
size. The peculiar markings are well
shown in Fig. 86, but the markings are
well shown in Fig. 86, but the rich color¬
ing must be seen to be appreciated. Seeds
of this large-flowering type can be had
for 10 cents a packet, and of the new
Schizanthus Wisetonensis, particularly
compact in growth and delicate in color¬
ing, at 30 cents. Both are easily grown
and bloom in a few weeks.

THE V00RHEES RED TABLE CORN.

Five or six years ago Prof. Byron D.
Halsted, of the New Jersey Experiment
Station, made a cross of the Black Mexi¬
can and Egyptian varieties of sweet corn.
These are old and well-known kinds. Black
Mexican is usually a poor grower and
indifferent yielder, always sensitive to
frost or cold, rough weather. The ears
are short, grains quite black when ripe,
and of various shades of muddy purple
when boiled for the table. The flavor,
however, is so sweet and rich that it
is generally accepted as the standard of
quality. Egyptian is large and thrifty,
somewhat later and very good in quality.
The grains are very white during the
eating stage, making it desirable for the
table and canning, for which it is largely
used. Crosses between Black Mexican
and popular table corns have frequently
been made before just fo see what would
happen in the way of coloration of the
resulting kernels and in change of qual¬
ity; indeed, it is hardy possible to plant
this distinct variety near any other corn
without noting changes brought about by
wind pollination. Prof. Halsted got the
usual particolored result in seed grains,
ranging from light pink and rose to dark
red and black-purple. The shades were
separated, and selected lots grown under
glass, where there could be no foreign in¬
fluence, as well as in the open. Rigid se¬
lection for succeeding years has brought
out of this motley collection a distinct and
excellent new variety distributed for trial
last year as “Voorhees Red.” A trial
block of 20 hills was grown on the Rural
Grounds last year, and proved very satis¬
factory in yield and quality. Fig. 85, first
page, shows an ear in natural size typical
of the entire crop. It is intermediate in
size between the parents, the grains are
dark red when ripe and dry, but very deli¬
cate pink at the cooking stage. As served
on the table there is scarcely a hint of
its Mexican parentage except in the sweet
and tender flavor. The stalk is seven or
eight feet high, stocky and strong. Two
ears were borne on almost every plant,
and occasionally three. The Voorhees
Red matured with Evergreen and kept
in eating condition about as long as that
staple variety. It appears an excellent
table corn for home planting.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Egos for Storage. — “Would you consider
eggs bought fresh out West in the month of
April .lust as good for storage as eggs bought
here in the local towns during the same
month? I wish t£> store some for my next
Winter's supply. Which would be the bet¬
ter? Also give any other advice about stor¬
age.” G. F. D.

Massachusetts.

As the inquirer is a rather large retailer
of eggs and butter, it is probable that he
wishes to put away quite a quantity of eggs,
and has a well-equipped storage house of his
own, or easy access to one. If the nearby
eggs mentioned are as carefully gathered
and selected as the western ones, the advan¬
tage would clearly be with the former. But
store eggs are often uncertain quantities, and
from your own vicinity you might get eggs
less tit for this purpose than those shipped a
thousand miles, particularly if the latter
were from a large producing section. Eggs
for storage should be as nearly new as pos¬
sible. Then if kept in a dry temperature
something above freezing, they Will come out
in excellent condition, almost as good as
new for everything but boiling and poach¬
ing. Most failures are due to moisture in
the storehouse or the putting away of stale
eggs. The air in a house cooled artificially
is almost as "dry as a bone,” chloride of
calcium being used to take up any moisture
around the pipes. With ice cooling this
dampness can scarcely be eliminated unless
some plan like the Cooper system be used,
in which the ice itself does not come in di¬
rect contact with the storage room. If you
buy western eggs get them through some
dealer whom you know, or if that is not
possible through a concern of good standing,
with a reputation to sustain. Make it clear
that you want fresh eggs, and give a little
more, if necessary, to get them. It will pay
in the end. Candle every egg carefully be¬
fore storing, and throw out any doubtful
ones. Use a strong light in candling, an
electric bulb, if you have it. dropped into

a tin chimney, with an inch and a half hole
on the side, or a good kerosene lamp with
tin chimney outside the regular glass one.
A small flickering candle is not adequate for
a thorough .job. 1 knew one man who used
to candle (?) eggs through a knothole in
the barn. In a sunshiny day this would give
him a fair idea of the thin-shelled white
ones, lint not the dark, thick-shelled eggs.
To repeat, get good eggs and keep them in
a dry temperature above freezing.

Appees for X. Y. Market. There is no
fruit too high priced to find buyers here, and
scarcely anything so poor that some one will
not use it if it escapes the Board of Health.
In the following notes comment is confined
chiefly to apples entitled to be called "com¬
mercial," having a fair, steady movement
through the channels of trade, and the rea¬
sons 1 have heard buyers give for their pref¬
erences or otherwise are mentioned. Early
apples : Alexander and Twenty Ounce, large
and beautiful, selling on their good looks
alone, but always selling well on account of
the scarcity of handsome apples at that
time: M'aiden Blush, a good seller when in
fair condition, retails well if picked when
nearly ripe, otherwise poor and starchy :
Oldenburg, in demand for cooking: Graven-
stein, quality its strong point : 1 have seen
it crowd out all other sorts in critical con¬
sumptive trade; White Harvest, Rambo and
others of that type do not stand shipment
well and spoil quickly, only an occasional
lot pays: Snow, a good seller, chief defects
small size and liability to bruises. Eater
sorts: King, Spitzenburg and Jonathan,

rival price leaders, often selling at same
figures, all of good market color and dis¬
tinctive high quality: Spy, the few choice
ones that are received sell at the very top,
but not enough of this grade are usually
produced to warrant a regular quotation of
their record prices: Spies deficient in color
or of knotty texture, sell only moderately
well ; Baldwin, market season long, seldom
selling at top. but a good shipper and adapt¬
ed to a wide range of trade: Greening, shows
bruises badly, preferred by bakers for pies
and “apple cake”: usually sells low unless
extra selected and packed with great care;
does not hold the place here that its quality
deserves: Ilubbardston and York Imperial,
rather slow sellers, the one-sided shape of
the latter a drawback ; Romp Beauty, those
that I have seen offered, went well ;
Ben Davis has lost caste for local trade here,
and is scarcely offered at retail until very
late: largely exported to the tropics; Mc¬
Intosh. not well known, but deservedly pop¬
ular where retail buyers learn of its' qual¬
ity. In following issues notes on varieties of
other fruits as I have seen them sold in this
market will be given. w. w. h.

ABSORBINE

REMOVES

BURSAE ENLARGEMENTS,
THICKENED TISSUES,
INFILTRATED PARTS, and any
PUFF OR SWELLING, CURES
LAMENESS, ALLAYS PAIN

without laying the horse up. Does not
blister, stain or remove the nair. $2.00 a
bottle, delivered. Pamphlet 1-B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind,$1.00
Bottle. Cures Synovitis, Weeping Sinew,
Strains, Gouty or Rheumatic Deposits.
Allays Fain. Book free. Manufactured only by

W.F. YOUNG, P.D. F., 88 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

A TruckThat Weighs

B fl PI ni|PII Protect your best

Mr.rAnmtn

Ivllfl I mimi.ll TruckScate. Don’t
take the other fellow’s word. Wel^h ' our grain,
pork, milk, butter, etc., before going to market. No
farmer can afford to be without one.

SAVE8 ITS COST IN A YEAR.

In the Parsell you have a scale and truck combined.
Catalog Free. We ship everywhere and guarantee
safe delivery. Thousands of farmers in all sections
are reaping the benefits. WHY NOT YOU? WRITE
TO-DAY.

INDIANA SCALE Sc TRUCK CO.,

646A Spitzer Bldg., Toledo, O.

AGENTS WANTED. We are daily appointing
County agents to sell Parsell Truck Scales. One man
at Caro, Mieh., has sold over 1,200. guick sales.
Good prolits. Better ask for our special offer to agents.

HANDIEST THING

ON THE
FARM

A FARMERS
HANDY WAGON

WOOD OR STEEL WHEELS

is the handiest thing on the farm, be¬
cause it is the one wagon for every
farm purpose; because it does work
no other sort of a wagon is suitable
for; makes work lighter for horse
and man; loads and unloads easier
than the high-wheel wagon; runs
lighter over any kind of ground;
wears longer and sells at a reasonable
price. Sold by dealers everywhere.
48 page catalog tells the whole wagon
story. Send direct to us for a copy—
you’ll be Interested in the story.

FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO., Saginaw, Mich.

Branches: Kansas City and Des Moines.

Also makers of Farmers Handy Hay and Stock Rack 4
and Handy All Steel Silos . Catalogs free.

*******

**************

**

The Little Balance

Supplied by the

Stockbridge Special
Manures

FOR an average yield of any crop in a normal
season the amount of plant food necessary in
the form of fertilizer is very small indeed. For
the corn crop not over 200 pounds of nitrogen,
potash, and phosphoric acid is necessary, which the crop
will return fifty-fold, — at least five tons in stalks and
grain. So little to produce so much ; and yet, if this little
quantity of 200 pounds is not supplied, the crop will be
a failure unless it obtain it from the potential or natural
fertility of the soil, which it is not likely to do.

It is this little essential balance of available plant
food which stands between success and failure that con¬
cerns every farmer to-day. Although it is small, it is not
wise to depend upon the potential fertility of the soil to
supply it, or even any considerable part of it. For the
business farmer this course is too risky and uncertain.
To insure a crop as far as one is able should be a cardinal
principle. Not to do it seems almost a crime.

THE STOCKBRIDGE MANURES

are to-day the best insurance a farmer can provide for his
crops, because they contain what crops require, and in
such forms and conditions as will produce large yields of
the best quality at the least possible cost.

We are obliged to take great chances with the
weather. Why take unnecessary chances with the soil ?

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

ROWKFD fertilizer company

Aj it I* Lj R Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati

(Kindly address office nearest to you)

:

“SAVE-THE-HORSE” Spavin Cure.

Registered Trade Mark. »

Tontine Stables. 366 8th Ave., New York, Nov. 20, 1904. I had a nine year old stal¬
lion lame over a year. He was not worth $10. I used your "Save-the-Horse” and he has gone
sound ever since. I have driven him twenty-five miles in one day and would not now take
$250 for the animal. WILLIAM MILLER.

0P A£\ P*r Bottle, with Written “Savo-the-Horse" Permanently Cures Spavin,
$ i U U Guarantee— as binding to'pro- Ringbone (except low Ringbone) . Curb, Thoroughpin, Splint,
yOU as legal talent could Shoe Boll, wind Puff, Injured Tendons and all lameness, with-

make it. Send for copy and booklet. out“c~°r ' ‘7 1°^ hZlL u v

At Drusai,t, and Bcal.r, or Sxprtupaid. TROY °HEMICAL COy Binghamton, N. Y.

?

fl a* \A / I PUAMRPDI AIM Proprietor of the Ohio Parmer Experi-
Ul ■ fli li UnfllYIDuriLflin, mental Farm at Hudson, O., after having
used a trial order of 200 last year has purchased 800 more Grimm Spouts,
equipping his entire sugar camp for the coming season. In this he follows
the_ example of Vermont’s largest and best sugarmakers. Learn the
Grimm System. Circular “G” tells it all. It and sample spout, free.
Save your trees, increase your income; one-fourth more sap guaranteed.

Address G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt.

Factories at Rutland, Vt., Montreal, I’. Q. and Hudson, O.

Something New in Building Material and Land Draining

No. 2 Multiple Conduit-Vitrified

Cheaper and stronger than stone, brick, or cement: will stand great¬
er weight for foundations for houses, barns and outbuildings of
every description. They cannot be excelled. Warmer in winter;
cooler in summer.

THE SINGLE CONDUIT FOR LAND DRAINAGE

Is under all conditions best and cheapest tiling made. No difference
where you live. Our factories in the several States are so located
that we can quote prices and freight rates to vour nea rest railroad
station that will interest you. Sold in carload lots only. Full infor¬
mation on request.

Room 820. H. B. Camp Co., Bessemer Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

4™

;li ifiiij j! i

I |L

tit1 i

r. :

if ;

|y- ;

Factory Net Price List.

Regular.

19 &20 Wire.

24 inch per rod, $ .28
3(1 “ “ “ .35

“ “ 42

“ “ AS

“ “ *14

“ “ ‘.60

60

72

84

Extra Heavy
No. 17 Wire.

24 inch, § .48
36 “ .59

48 “ .70

60 “ .85

72 “ .93

84 “ 1.00

As it Looks When Erected.

This fence is put up in 10 and 20 rod rolls. We accept orders for any number of rods or rolls,
and pay freight on orders for $10. or over almost everywhere. We have poultry yard gates
covered with this fence. They open both ways; are very convenient, dux-able and sightly.
Price list free. We have sold

UNION LOCK POULTRY AND FIELD FENCE

for over 5 years to farmers and poultrynxen. You will find the quality and our prices satis¬
factory. Send your order now and be ready for an early spring.

CASE BROTHERS, I I MAIN STREET, COLCHESTER, CONNECTICUT.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

205

GREENHOUSE WORK IN MARCH.

Repotting. — The early lots of young
roses that were potted off from the
propagating bed into two-inch or 2 ‘4-inch
pots, should now he starting away nicely,
and will probably soon need a shift into
larger pots, some growers repotting into
three-inch pots, while others, in the effort
to save labor, will shift from the small
size to a four-inch pot. But whatever the
size of pot that is decided upon, there
should be no indecision in regard to giv¬
ing the young plants a shift before they
become yellow and stunted, for the stock
that is to be used for forcing for the fol¬
lowing Winter should be vigorous and
healthy at the time they are planted out
on the benches, and strong four-inch stock
is the best material with which to start.

Mildew on Roses. — With the ncreased
ventilation that becomes necessary at this
season on all bright days, there also comes
more liability to mildew on the young
roses, this trouble showing itself in a
curling and crippling of the tender young
leaves, and as the fungus progresses whit¬
ish patches appear. Flowers of sulphur
is the specific for this trouble, and the
plants should be dusted over with the sul¬
phur just as soon as there is any unusual
curling of the foliage noticed.

Shifting Into Boxes. — Carnation cut¬
tings are frequently planted into flats or
shallow boxes filled with good soil instead
of potting them into small pots when taken
out of the sand bed, it being quite an easy
matter to separate the plants with a good
ball of earth when taken out of the boxes
in readiness for planting out in the field.
The box-grown plants are less liable to
become starved before planting time than
are those grown in small pots, though in
either case it will be necessary to look
them over occasionally, and to pinch out
the tops of the young plants in order to in¬
duce a branching habit. Some careful car¬
nation growers of the present day also go
to the trouble of potting up all the rooted
cuttings, and of repotting the young plants
from time to time until they are ready to
plant them out on the benches of the
greenhouse, using no outdoor culture of
the young stock, but there is still some
difference of opinion on this point, and
the majority seem to favor a short sea¬
son of field culture, from which the plants
are removed to the greenhouse about the
end of July or beginning of August. Vio¬
let runners may either he potted or boxed,
but should be given a lower temperature
than the carnations, a night temperature
of 45 degrees being ample for the violets.

Starting Cannas. — This is the month
in which it is customary to divide and
start into growth the Canna roots, and
either of two methods may be adopted.
The first is to shake off the earth from
the dry roots and then to cut them up into
sections, including one or two eyes or
growing points, these sections being potted
into three-inch or four-inch pots, accord¬
ing to the size of the roots, and then
placed in a warm greenhouse, where they
are but lightly watered until they begin
to root and grow. The second method
with the Cannas is to shake out the soil
from the clumps, and then place them on
a bench in the same warm greenhouse,
covering the roots with a thin layer of
moist sphagnum moss. In a short time,
usually Rum two to three weeks, the Can¬
nas will begin to grow and root in this
genial atmosphere, and they are then di¬
vided and potted, there being possibly
less risk of the roots decaying by this
method than when they arc divided while
dormant, hut in either case warmth and full
sunshine are required for the best results.

Treatment of Soft- Wooded Plants. —
Dahlia roots may also he started for cut¬
tings, the latter rooting in a few days and
forming blooming plants the first season.
There is also an advantage in starting
some Dahlia roots in pots if one wishes
to have early flowers during the Sum¬
mer, for some of the varieties will flower
soon after the first of June if established
in growth before they are planted out¬
doors. Cuttings of Coleus, Achyranthes,
Alternanthera. and Ageratum may be put
in the sand-bed now, and most of them
will root in a week, provided they are
given a temperature of 60 to 65 degrees,
and kept moist, the cuttings being also
protected from the .sun. All of these
rapid-growing bedding plants require to
be pinched back from time to time to give

them a bushy habit, and short, stocky, and
vigorous plants are so much more satis¬
factory to the purchaser that a little at¬
tention to this detail will be fully re¬
paid. Owing to the various Easter plants
that are in course of preparation, there
may not be space at this time to give the
young geraniums a shift into larger pots,
but if it can be managed it would be bet¬
ter to do so, for Easter comes so near to
.May 1 that there is no time for extensive
repotting at that late date, and to have
geraniums of first quality for bedding out
requires pots of the four-inch size.

Easter Flowers —The flower buds of
the Easter lilies should be visible about
six weeks before the date set for that fes¬
tival, and if the buds are in sight much
before this time, the forward plants should
be removed to a cooler greenhouse, else
they are likely to open too early. A crop
of lilies necessitates much labor in sort¬
ing over the plants and removing the early
ones to a lower temperature, or in the
case of an .early Easter, the change of
the backward plants to a higher temper¬
ature, so that all may be flowered together
during that one week. The lilies also need
careful watching to. avoid or frustrate the
attacks of aphis, to which these plants are
quite subject, and frequent fumigations
with nicotine are needed either as preven¬
tive or cure, the flower buds being very
soon injured by these insects. Azaleas for
Easter must he kept quite coo! this year,
or they are likely to be too early, and
there is also the possibility that the young
growths may start out on the Azaleas
around the flower buds, and though the
fresh green of the young shoots is very
attractive, it is not wise to leave it on,
for such a growth takes too much strength
from the flowers, and would spoil the
plants. Spring flowering bulbs, such as
hyacinths daffodils and tulips that are in¬
tended for Easter should remain out in
the cold frame until abo.it two weeks be¬
fore they are needed, as they will grow
and niature very rapidly at the latter part
of April, and if brought in too soon will
draw up too long and weak in the stem
to give satisfaction. Crimson Rambler

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer !044 — I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established lSlfl.

ISENii FOR. our lmnd-y <-
I some catalogof 'ITeeSj^^Cp^
I Shrubs, Roses, Hver-y^cftr ■

| greens, etc. WeX
Ideal direct. No/Tjx
I agents. O u r

Our Mr. M.

. Wragg is
expert land- I
srspo gardener,
td his services are
r ■ — - available for onr cup-

rices are the /.W1 S tomers. M. J. Wragg
(oweT / W/,iur,'rr Co - 800 Goodl

luwesu f ^ ^ ^ Block. Dea Moinea, Iowa.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. \V e have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New Eng. and. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting- Advice in selections and
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

WSL MICHIGAN TREES

are 4*brcd for That’s why we

cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
frees. It also imsures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. We sell direct it
who >an I© price*. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 5-1, Benton Harbor, Mieh.

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, naming this Special Offer.
GEO. J. KELLOGG & SONS, Janesville, TVis.

New Canaan, Conn.

Trees and Plants

Complete assortment of choice,
well-grown Fruit, Nut, Shade
and Ornamental Trees, Small
Fruit Plants, Shrubs and Vines.

Illustrated descriptive catalogue
free.

T. E. STEELE,

Pomona Nurseries,

Palmyra, New .Torsev.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

have certain grades and varieties of Japan Plums.
Pears, Peach, Apple a d Sour Cherry in sur¬
plus, and until same is reduced will quote special
price. When you write name what you w„nt, in
variety and grade you can use. Catalogue free.

B. 3, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

DC A f* U T DCCC A full line of varie-
r t Avn I need ties, new and old
A P P L K TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREES are scarce,'
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE
DWARF |

0TAHEITE

ianc oime popular

ORANGE

you will send us the addresses of
interested in buying
and Plants and six cents to pay
postage. This orange is easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Calls, Ohio.

200,000 APPLE TREES,

6 to 7 ft. 11 cts. each, 6 to ti ft. 9 cts., 4 to 5 ft. 7 cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5 ets., 2 to 3 ft ,
. one year old. 4 cts. 5,00(1 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 Kieffer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free

from Seale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low

cost; boxing and packing free; present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees, The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, l’enna.

roses are much used at Easter time, and
these in common with all the hardy roses
need careful forcing in order to bring
them in at the right date. It is customary
to give these roses from 10 to 12 weeks
for the forcing process, the beat being
applied to them gradually, giving about
45 degrees the first week, and gradually
raising the temperature to 55 or 60 de¬
grees, the plants being sprinkled over two
or three times a day in the early weeks of
the process, in order to encourage the
growth. w. H. TAPLIN.

D A DTI ET T TT _ Cl _ D XI Q _ Bred from selected bear-

DMK 1 Uu I I DLvIVLL DUdv ing parents. The three
greatest, lug h quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no
better pears than these. Our Tree Breeder dree) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and
recommends safe kinds only. We offer you SAFETY, and “ You can rest your minds at ease, in planting
the ROGER8 TREES.”

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y

"AlI^Dr CITDEf to get exactly what vou order when you buy _

WU KE. OUKt FRUIT TREES, ROSE BUSHES, SHRUBS, VINES OR W
SNIALL FRUITS from our illustrated catalog. And you may bo just as cer- H DIRECT
tain that it will all be good, healthy stock, free from scale and disease. I FROM
There’s every advantage in buying from us. Write for free catalog, m. GROWER
GROVER NURSERY CO., 71 TRUST BLDG., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Yen, farmers of America, lend me your ears, while I chant the merits of this new Oat
Novelty, it Is positively the most wonderful Out on earth.

Editors, Agricultural Writers, Institute Orators all talk and write about this new Oat. it
yielded in AVIs. 156 bn., in Ohio 187 bu., in Mich. 231 tan., in Mo. 255 bu., and in N. I). 310 bu.
per acre, during 1904, and in 1905 you can grow just as easily 300 bu. per acre of SALZKK’S
NATIONAL OATS, as we can. Your land is just as good, just as rich and you arc Just as good a
farmer as we are. We hope you will try this oat In 1905, and then sell tame for seed to your
neighbors at a fancy price, next fall. _ * _

MACARONI WHEAT

Yielded for thousands of farmers in 1904, scattered all over America, from 30 to 80 bu. per
acre of as fine u wheat as the sun shines on. It does well on arid, dry lunds, as also on rich
farm lands. It Is the only wheat that laughs at droughts and scoffs at Black Kust— that terri¬
ble scourge. It’s rust proof! >

Billion Dollar Grass

Speltz or Emmer,

80 Bu. per Acre.

Wonderful 8peltzr marvelous Speltz,
profitable Speltz.the farmer’s firm friend,
flourishing every wliere and yielding 80 bu.
of grain and 4 tons of splendid straw hay
per acre besides.

Home Builder Corn.

Was named because 60 acres in 1902 pro¬
duced so bountifull y that it built and paid
for a beautiful home. See Salzer’s eata
log. It is the biggest eared early and
heaviest yielding Yellow Dent Corn we
know. Yields 2 to BOO bn. per acre.

and Teosinte.

A noble pair. Billion Dollar Grass,
the most talked of grass on earth, makes
14 tons of fine tiay per acre, while Teo¬
sinte astonishes and startles you with 80
tons of green food per acre, rich in sugar
and milk and food values.

Potatoes— 736 Bu. per Acre.

The Editor of the Rural New Yorker
proclaimed to the world that Salzer’s
Early Wisconsin Potato yielded for him
736 bu. per acre. That pays!

ABSOLUTELY FREE

Onion Seed 60c.

a pound, and other vegetable seeds just
as low. We are the largest Vegetable
Seed growers in the world, operating
6000 acres.

$10.00 for 10c.

We wish you to try our great Farm
Seeds, hence offer to send you a lot of
Farm Seed Samples, fully wortli Sio.cio
to get a start, together with our great
seed catalog, all for but lOe. postage, if
you mention this paper. It you already
navt onr catalog mention it, and we win
send something else in place.

If you will send us the accurate address of three wide awake farmers, to whom we can write, giving your name as
reference, so that we can mail to them our great plant ajid seed catalog, we will send to you free of all cost, our magnificent
140-paged catalog, and a package of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER (with full culture directions).

coming from the highlands of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs; the Sphinx and the Pyramids, the land of luxuriant
verdure and prodigal growths. This Clover will astonish you.

You may send the three names on a postal card, with full address, and be sure to give your name and address cor¬
rectly when sending the three names. When writing us be sure and mention name of this paper.

When writing to Salter he sure to raeutiou this paper, -Editor.

206

T II K RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11,

SMALL FRUITS .

Treatment of Raspberries.

M. V. D., O hi lUoot he, 0. — How shall I treat
Kansas blackcap raspberry plants set last
Spring? They were not fertilized when set,
but have made a fine growth ; canes six to
eight feet long. How trim and how fer¬
tilize?

Ans. — Prune by cutting the new
canes through at the bend, and trim¬
ming back side branches to about three
buds. Cut out all weak canes, leaving
not more than two of the strongest to
a hill. The best fertilizer is stable ma¬
nure, between the rows, at the rate of 10
tons to the acre, plowed lightly in. In
default of stable manure apply 600 pounds
to the acre of high-grade potato or vege¬
table chemical fertilizer after plowing, cul¬
tivating or harrowing it in. Cultivate
frequently enough until berries are ready
to pick to keep the soil mellow and free
from weeds. After the first year all old
canes that haVe fruited should be cut
out at the annual pruning.

Spraying for Raspberry Blight.

W. O. If. C., Williamstoion, Ky. — When
and how often should raspberries be sprayed,
to prevent anthracnose?

Ans. — The most successful treatment
for raspberry anthracnose is to spray the
canes in the Spring, before the buds swell
with a solution of copper sulphate, one
pound, and water, 50 gallons, and follow
after the leaves appear with Bordeaux
Mixture, made of four pounds each cop¬
per sulphate and lime, with 50 gallons
of water, every two or three weeks un¬
til midsummer. All affected canes should
be cut out and burned as soon as the
spots appear. If the disease is very bad
it may necessary to cut the canes to the
ground in Spring, burn them and treat the
new growth with the Bordeaux as rec¬
ommended. This means the loss of a
year’s crop, but is quite an effectual way
of controlling the disease.

■Get a Good Sprayer.

C. 8., Stanbridge East, Quo. — What style
of sprayer would you recommend for spray¬
ing an acre of strawberries, and small
fruit about a garden? Would a knapsack
machine be preferable?

Ans. — We do not like the knapsack-
sprayers. They are hard to carry, and
hard to pump so as to throw a good spray.
Better get a good-sized pump and use a
barrel or tank. It is always desirable to
have a reserve of power.

Fruits for Home Garden.

A. R., H addon Heights, N. J. — Give me a
list of one or two varieties of each of the
following, for a small home garden : Straw¬
berries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes, ap¬
ples, pears, peaches, plums (Japanese or
European), quince. Soil a light sandy loam;
near Camden, N. J.

Ans. — The following tested varieties
should do well in your soil and locality.
Many more good ones might be added,
particularly among apples, peaches and
plums. In planting for home use it is
well to ascertain what variety thrives best
in your particular locality. Strawberries:
Success, Wm. Belt. Raspberries: Black,
Kansas: red, Cuthbert; yellow, Golden
Queen. Blackberries : Snyder, Ward.
Grapes: Black, Concord; white, Dia¬

mond; red. Brighton. Apples: Yellow
Transparent, Maiden’s Blush, Hubbard-
son, Smith's Cider. Pears : Le Conte,
Bartlett, Duchess. Peaches : Carman,
Champion, Chairs. Plums: Japan, Abun¬
dance, Chabot, Sultan ; European, Spaul¬
ding, Grand Duke. Quinces : Orange,
Borgeat. _

Turnips for Fertilizer; Garden Crops.

IE. E. Ripley, N. Y. — Are fiat turnips any
good as a fertilizer? I sowed my cornfield
last season to turnips, and plowed them under
last Fall. I could not get any cow peas here,
so I got turnip seed to try. There was a
big crop, some so large that they would not
plow under. I learned through The R. N.-
Y. about plowing a crop of green stuff under,
and think it is the only way for farmers to
help keep our farms up.

Ans. — Flat turnips have little fertiliz¬
ing value. As compared with stable ma¬
nure they stand about as follows :

Pounds in one ton.

Nitrogen P. A. Potash

Stable manure . 10 6 13

Turnips . 4 2 8

Thus you will see that the turnips have

little fertilizing value. They add nothing
to the soil as clover and cow peas do.
Yet they are useful. They grow at a time
when the ground might otherwise be bare,
thus saving plant food that might other¬
wise be wasted. They add humus or veg¬
etable matter to the soil, and keep it open
and porous. We would sow turnips if we
could get nothing else, but would prefer
to mix Crimson clover seed with them.
The variety known as Cow-horn turnips
is better than the flat variety, since it has
a long, deep root. Crimson clover grows
well with Cow-horn turnips. We are
often asked to give the analysis of va¬
rious fruits and vegetables as a guide to
their fertilizer needs. Here is a table
showing some of them :

Pounds in One Ton.

water nitrogen P. A. Potash

Carrots . 1800 3 1.8 10

Beets . 1750 4.8 1.8 8.8

Turnips . 1800 3.6 2 7.8

Potatoes . 1600 4 1.4 5.4

Celery . 1700 5 5 15

Cabbage . 1800 6 2 5

Apples . 1700 2.6 .6 3.8

Pears . 1675 1.2 .4 3

Plums . 1775 2 .5 3.4

Grapes . 1660 3.2 1.8 5.4

Thus it will be seen that vegetables and
fruits contain a large proportion of water,
many of them being really more “watery”
than milk. The actual amount of plant
food in a ton of any fruit or vegetable is
very small, but this does not mean that
a small amount of manure or fertilizer can
produce a large crop. We know better,
since we all understand that vegetables re¬
quire the richest soils and heavy manur¬
ing to do their best. Vegetables should
make a rapid growth. Any manure or
fertilizer used to grow them should be
soluble and quick in its action. In a gen¬
eral way nitrogen promotes the rapid
pTowth of the plant, particularly that part
which grows above ground — like stem or
leaf. Such crops as cabbage, for example,
require an abundance of nitrogen. Phos¬
phoric acid is the vital element in the pro¬
duction of seed, and also gives frame or
structure to the plant. Potash affects the
flavor or quality and also controls the
vital functions of the plant. These ele¬
ments must all be present in fair propor¬
tions if we are to have a good garden or
fruit patch. Where stable manure is
heavily used it is advisable to use a fair
amount of phosphoric acid and potash
with it. If chemicals are bought a mix¬
ture of three parts acid phosphate to one
of sulphate of potash will make a good
addition to the manure. If a fertilizer is
to be used largely or entirely on the gar¬
den or small fruit the following mixture
will answer: 200 pounds nitrate of soda,
30 pounds dried blood, 400 pounds fine
ground bone, 400 pounds sulphate of pot¬
ash, 700 pounds acid phosphate.

The best manure for gardens is out of
a compost heap, well fermented and fine.
It is better plowed or spaded under, well
scattered all through the soil. In using
the fertilizer mixture mentioned above we
would make two or three applications, one
at time of planting and the others along
the row, not too close, as the crops grow.
Nitrate of soda is sometimes used alone
to stimulate garden crops. Remember that
it furnishes nitrogen alone. This means
a quick growth, but unless potash and
phosphoric acid are present the vegetables
will lack flavor or ability to stand up.

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Send me a “ Tip-Top ” 800 lb. scale.

My R. R. Station is

My P. O. address is _ , .

In 15 days after receipt I will send you $9.00

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Signed

When von write advertisers mention The
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STOCK ROOM
STOCK PROOF

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Ohio
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Are built strong, well madeof
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Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
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Box 92. Springfield, O.

Quaker City Mills

are feed grinders tested and used
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SIZES

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Agents

Wanted.

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 IO W. Washington SI., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Avo. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1316 W. 8th St..
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l’LEASK MENTION THIS PAPER,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

207

NOTES ON FLOWER CULTURE.

Culture of Roses.

L. 8. K., Norwich, N. Y. — What time
should roses he transplanted? What fertil¬
izers are best? What should he done when
roses bud and partially open, and fail?

Ans. — Roses may be transplanted in
Fall as soon as the leaves have dropped,
after a hard frost, or in the Spring just
before beginning growth. As a rule it is
safer to transplant in the Spring after
hard freezing is over. The best fertilizer
is probably well-rotted stable manure, ap¬
plied liberally and well dug in the soil.
Fine ground bone and wood ashes rank
next in efficiency, and may be separately
applied whenever needed, and hoed or cul¬
tivated in the soil over the roots. There
is no direct cure for rose blooms blasting
in the bud and failing to open properly.
This defect has a variety of causes, but is
generally associated with the poverty of
soil and deficient root action. It is also
caused by cloudy weather, or too much
rain. All that can be done is to pick off
the blasted buds, and endeavor to keep the
plants growing thriftily until the next crop
of bloom is formed. For this purpose the
plants should be well cultivated and extra
manure anffiied to them if their growth
seems to be checked.

Culture of the Paeony.

W. II. W., Madison, Win. — Will you give
me detailed information in regard to the
commercial culture of the paeony? I would
like to know about the methods, profit and
proper location of such a business.

Ans. — The paeony is a very hardy plant
and delights in rich deep loamy soil. The
culture for commercial purposes is quite
similar to that of rhubarb. Young plants
or root divisions are set about 20 inches
apart, in rows three feet or more wide,
suitable for horse cultivation. The cul¬
ture simply consists in keeping the soil
mellow and entirely free from weeds dur¬
ing the whole growing season. At the
approach of freezing weather, it is well to
give a very liberal mulch of stable or
horse manure, not particularly for the
protection of the crowns, but to fertilize
the soil and prevent heaving of the roots
by hard frost. The culture for the second
and succeeding years is the same ; that is,
the soil should be kept clean and mel¬
low, but on no account should the plow
or cultivator go deep enough to disturb
the roots, as the paeony quickly resents
root injury. During the third year the
crowns may be lifted in August, after
blooming, carefully divided and reset un¬
der proper labels in the same manner, and
cultivated for a continuous increase, or
sold as the grower may desire. Just now
there is great interest in the pseony and
prices of good varieties rule high. Grow¬
ers having choice stocks are making good
profits, but the present boom is not likely
to last after the trade is generally sup¬
plied. The paeony is so hardy and de¬
sirable that it is destined for general cul¬
ture, but only moderate profit can be ex¬
pected in the future. As the blooms and
dormant roots can be readily transported
long distances any location in the North¬
ern States where there is rich deep soil,
such as will grow good corn or potatoes, is
suitable, provided an ample supply of sta¬
ble manure is available. The paeony does
not thrive especially well in the South,
and a location north of Virginia is to be
preferred.

Culture of Fuchsia.

D. It. P., (No Address). — I have a Fuchsia
which has seed pods or berries. How should
I proceed to plant the seeds, and what would
I get? Should they be dried before planting?

Ans. — Your Fuchsia seeds should be
washed from the berries and dried for a
week or 10 days before planting. They
may then be planted in pots or boxes, and
treated just like tomato plants, though
they are often longer in coming up. Seed¬
lings bear flowers generally inferior to the
parent plant from which they are taken,
but sometimes an extra good one is thus
produced.

Coal-tar Paint. — Tell I. ,T. ' ., of Danby,
Vt., to mix spirits of turpentine with coal
tar, just enough to make it spread with a
brush. He can apply it cold, and he will say
it is fine. G. s. b. '

Mays Mill, N. Y.

RUBY QUEEN IN WINTER.

I keep my little rose bush in a flower
pot in the house this Winter; it is now about
six inches high. We like The K. N.-Y. better
all the time, and often wonder how we ever
got along without it. With best wishes,

Iowa. d. o. F.

I am wintering my “Ruby Queen" rose in
a flower-pot in the cellar. It was so late in
the season before we received it that we did
not put it in open ground. Should it he
exposed to the frost before Spring, or remain
t ; it is in a cool cellar? It still retains its
eaves. c. s. u.

Quebec.

It. N.-Y', There is no need of exposing the
potted rose to frost. The main thing is to keep
the plant reasonably dormant until hard
freezing is over outside. If will drop its pres¬
ent leaves when new growth starts after be¬
ing planted outside. _

Grafting Wax with Beeswax.

J. II., Hartsgrove, O. — Is there any way of
making grafting wax without using beeswax?

Ans. — Beeswax is an important in¬
gredient of about all the grafting waxes
used in this country. Several pitch waxes
made without beeswax are used in Eu¬
rope. Two of the best formulas are here
given : 1. Melt together 76 ounces resin

and 27 ounces Burgundy pitch. At the
same time melt nine ounces of tallow ;
pour the melted tallow into the resin and
pitch mixture, while both are hot, and stir
thoroughly. Then add IS ounces of red
ochre, dropping it in gradually while stir¬
ring the mixture. 2. Melt together 20
ounces resin and 12 ounces pitch. Add
four ounces of melted tallow and stir vig¬
orously. Before cooling add slowly, while
stirring, eight ounces Venetian red. These
waxes may be used warm or cold.

False Pride. — I saw him in town the
other day, with his wife and a load of
produce. He sat in the wagon and held
the horses; she did the business. It re¬
minds me of the couple who came into
our barn to look at a calf. They both
saw it. She said : "Jordan, we'll take

the calf.” He scarcely dared open his
mouth; they took the calf. Another

man’s wife comes in every week with a
load of stuff and goes from house to
house with the same. You don’t catch
him ‘‘peddling!” Why that’s beneath his
dignity, but he is perfectly willing to

spend the money she earned. There are
a lot of men who are perfectly willing to
go around and deliver orders, but getting
those orders which requires brains is a
job they don’t undertake. Isn’t it an
honest business? What is the reason
then? There is a lot of false pride lying
around in some lazy men’s bones.

II. G. M.

“Young man,” asked the girl’s father,
"have you any visible means of support?”
“Why — aw — none that are visible to the
naked eye,” replied the young man, hesi¬
tatingly. “I am one of the microbe spe¬
cialists of the health department.” — Chi¬
cago Tribune.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

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208

March 11,

NOTES FROM THE RURALGROUNDS

Big Pennsylvania Corn. — We are so
familiar with the large corn and great
yields of the western prairie “corn belt”
that we overlook some particularly fine
strains grown in our long-cultivated At¬
lantic States. As big crops are raised in
favored localities in the East and as per¬
fect ears produced as ever exhibited at a
western fair or corn carnival. We had
the pleasure of examining a stock of seed
ears of the Champion Yellow Dent variety
bred by I. S. Long, Richland, Pa., as a
result of 25 years’ continuous personal se¬
lection from a yellow dent of the Learning
type, and could well believe nothing more
highly developed had been shown at the
St. Louis Fair. The ears were not only
oi the largest size, but smooth, long and
filled to the rounded tips writh square, long
kernels containing the large germs that
indicate high protein content and vigor¬
ous power of germination. Mr. Long is
an enthusiast on corn breeding, and has
studied the tendencies of his strain so
minutely that he is able by apportioning
varying percentages of grains from ears
of slightly different types in the seed for
his stock or breeding plot to maintain an
almost perfect balance in the resulting
crop. The yield has been as high as 160
bushels to the acre, and averages, for a
long series of years, over 125 bushels to
the acre. Although the ears are monstrous
in size the cobs, owing to the length and
blocky outline of the kernels, are com¬
paratively small and light, with an ex¬
tremely open pith that favors quick drying
and thorough curing of the grain. These
results have been secured through close
personal attention, breeding to an ideal by
intelligent choice of plants during
growth and ears at husking time, and, as
before mentioned, by offsetting any ten¬
dencies toward abnormal development by
proportioning the seed plants from slightly
varying types. A feature of especial im¬
portance in Mr. Long’s estimation is thor¬
ough curing of the seed and its absolute
protection from freezing temperatures
during Winter. Seed corn can scarcely be
so well cured that its vitality is not in
some degree injured by low temperatures.

A Trial of Saltmene. — Late in March,
1904, we sprayed two large bearing R. I.
Greening apple trees, thickly crusted with
San Jose scale, with “Salimene,” a pro¬
letary compound of lime, sulphur and an
alkali made in a nearby town. The sam¬
ple came in the form of a coarse, yel¬
lowish powder, and was submitted for
trial purposes by the manufacturer. It
was dissolved in warm water according to
directions, and applied as carefuly as the
size of the trees and the limitations of our
hand-power equipment would allow. The
trees had been known to be infested at
least three years; many branches had per¬
ished from effects of the scale, and the
fruit for two seasons had been thickly
speckled with young scales. No great
confidence was felt at the time as to the
power of “Salimene” or any insecticide ap¬
plication to clear these trees of scale, yet
frequent inspections during the succeed¬
ing Summer and Fall showed the trees
almost clear of the pest. The adhering
crusts seemed to be made up entirely of
dead scales, while the abundant crop of
apples showed very few discolorations that
could be attributed to young scales. A
week previous to the application of Sali¬
mene we sprayed most carefully all in¬
fested trees, including many young apple
trees in our experimental orchard, with
liver of sulphur — lime mixture, one-half
pound of each to the gallon of water. This
was recommended by several experiment
stations as equally efficient to the lime-
sulphur-salt mixtures, as the sulphur is
in thorough solution. The only tangible
result of the trial as we have before re¬
ported (pages 510 and 734, R. N.-Y. for
1904) was a marked reduction of leaf-

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

curl and sca»es on sprayed peach trees,
some clearing out of scale on plum, but an
almost total failure to kill scale on cherry,
pear and especially apple. Apple trees
three to seven years old, slightly infested
with scale and sprayed with this mixture,
were covered with larva: by midsummer
and well crusted with scales before Oc¬
tober. “Salimene” plainly did the better
work in this instance, but has been report¬
ed as ineffective in other trials made last
season.

Proprietary Insecticides. — Quite a var¬
iety of scale remedies are now offered un¬
der proprietary or trade names, always
with the claim that they are more eco¬
nomical or effective, or both, than home-
mixed compounds. It is well to go slow
in accepting the glittering claims of the
promoters of these handy insecticides.
They may or may not be worth a cautious
trial, but on no account should the fruit¬
grower risk their exclusive use until their
efficacv has been demonstrated in his
locality. The exploitation of proprietary
or commercial insecticides is a legitimate
business, and only proves that others be¬
sides the experiment station professors are
working on this serious problem. No one
should be misled by the extravagant
claims of hustling advertisers and promot¬
ers, but should preserve an open mind for
any real information on the subject. The
experiment stations surely have not so
successfully worked out the problem of
scale control that others need not investi¬
gate ! So far petroleum appears the only
sure cure brought forward, with whale-
oil soap as a good second, while kerosene-
limoid and the lime-sulphur home mix¬
tures are on promising trial. Petroleum
has its dangers and uncertainties as re¬
gards effect on the tree, but it kills the
scales. The others have their advantages
and objections. At best they are imper¬
fect remedies as far as developed, but
should be used for main reliance as the
best we have. If the manufacturers give
us better combinations of lime and sulphur
or oil and water under the names of Sali¬
mene, Consol, Horicum, Kill-O-Scale, or
anything else than can be conveniently
made up at home, all fruit-growers will
gain in the end. Try some of the trade
insecticides, if so inclined, just as you do
seed, plant or fruit novelties, in a small
way until their local usefulness or lack of
value can be ascertained. w. v. F.

Apples for Ohio.

C. At. L., Lecsvillc, O. — I would like to
know what apples to plant for nearby mar¬
ket, to come in after Baldwin. Baldwin is
done by February. Apples are plentiful in
Fall, and scarce and high after February 1.

Ans. — I know of no succession of vari¬
eties of apples, following the season of
the Baldwin, that will give better re¬
turns here in Ohio than Rome Beauty,
Stark, York Imperial and, I think I am
safe in adding, Stayman. The Rome
Beauty is an excellent Ohio apple, and
can be very profitably grown if thorough
spraying be done; otherwise its suscepti¬
bility to fungus disease of fruit and foli¬
age will cause disappointment. The Stark
is a hardy, vigorous, productive sort that
can be relied upon to do good work in the
orchard. York Imperial stands at the
front as a variety of true merit. Stayman
is a seedling of the old Winesap, but a
more vigorous grower, and is said to be
productive and reliable; however, it has
not been sufficiently tested here at the
Station to warrant our unqualified recom¬
mendation. The Stayman is of good qual¬
ity, an excellent keeper and very prom¬
ising. It must be said that there 'is yet
room for a few late-keeping apples of
good quality and attractive color for our
Ohio growers. f. h. ballou.

Ohio Experiment Station.

PISOS CURE FOR

t/>

M

h

CURESWHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

cn

u

in

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

o

H

(M

CONSUMPTION

0)

l 1

K K 1 > CYPRKSS — WHITE
PINK— GALVANIZED
ST K RL

CALD WELL

ranks arc the best made
Ask for illustrated cat¬
alogue and pi ice list?
aUo references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
.Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely AVater Proof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack.
Eight iu Weight.

Does Not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. P. WATSON CO.

ERIE. PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention It. N.-Y.

The
WATSON

Four Row
Potato Sprayer

Covers 30 to 40 acres per day*
Straddles 2 rows, sprays 4 at
a time. Wheels adjust for dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays to any
fineness, and gearing of pump to wheel of cart gives any
pressure desired. Automatic agitator and snetion strainer
cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula book shows the famous Garfield, Empire Kiug,
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

Field Force Pump Co., a 11th St., Elmira, N.Y.

ey’s Sprayers

Fine Brass Pumps. Guaranteed strongest and
best 4 and 5 gal. Compressed Air Sprayers on
market. Spray 25 ft. trees, potatoes, vines, etc.
Tested 601bs. pressure, 2safety valves. In2sizes. Jf <

4 or 6 Cal. Calv. 55. 4 Cal. Copper, $7.

5 Cal. Copper, $8.00.

Catalog of idstyles free. Mail orders direct.

RIPPLET HDW. CO., Mfrs., Box 223, Grafton, III.

Henry F. Mitchell Co., Phila. Pa., Eastern Arents.

. „

GOOD POTATOES
BRING FANCY PRICES

To grow a large crop of good potatoes, the
soil must contain plenty of Potash. _

Tomatoes, melons, cabbage, turnips, lettuce
—in fact, all vegetables remove large quanti¬
ties of Potash from the soil. Supply

Potash

liberally by the use of fertilizers containing
not less than 10 per cent, actual Potash.

Better and more profitable yields are sure to
follow.

Our pamphlets are not advertising circulars
booming special fertilizers, but contain valu¬
able information to farmers. Sent free for the
asking. Write now.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York.

IT IS

LOADED

with

AKMS ’MEND-A-RIP'

ocs ail kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

Does nil kinds
light and
heavy riveting

rni Pities ov Itself
Many Times a Yeas. A Perfect
Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show it Means a Sale. Agents
make from #8 to $15 a day. One
made |20 first day and writes to hurry
to him. Write for special agents’ price.

Foundry Co., Fredericktown, O.

Great Agents Supply House.

R.ed CKief

Corn Sheller

(Patented.)

Guaranteed to do better work than any
other hand sheller made. Closed hop¬
per. Can’t pinch fingers, adjusts itself
to any size ear.

Gets All The Corn

Shells every grain without
cracking any of them; always
throws cob outside the vessel.
Clamps to barrel or keg same
as straight edge box. An
easy runner and lasts indefi¬
nitely. We furnish all re¬
pairs free. Circularsentfree.
Send for special farmers’ offer.

BRINLY-HARDY CO.
253Main St. Louisville, Ky.

iRCO I
iCMiLf I

Brass Sprayers Last Longest

And Are The Cheapest To Buy.

Price $3.50 and upward. Make your labor and invest¬
ment earn a good profit by destroying the insect pests and
plant diseases which cause so much loss. These sprayers
may also be used for applying whitewash and cold water
paints, spreading disinfectants, cleaning wagons, curing
surface diseases on cattle, chickens, and many other
purposes. Sprayers may be returned at our expense if
they are found defective. Send for catalogue.

DAYTON SUPPLY CO., Dayton, Ohio.

Cider Mach inery—Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co ,118 West Water St., Syracuse,N.Y

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OIL SOAP.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
SPRAYING QPAR for Power Sprayers. Other Or-
Ol 1 1 M l I II U or Ml, chard Necessities. Write for
catalogue and prices. W.H. OWEN, Port Clinton. O.

USE NITRO-CULTURE S./r;xraeSZ'l

Culture Is a natural plant food, gathering germs
among plant root s, nourishes, invigorates, feeds the
plants, doubles the yield, makes poor soil rich. Free
Catalogue.

AKTHUB J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

THE PERFECTION SPRAYER

combines hand and horse power, and has both cart
and barrel. It’s simple, reliable, practical and dura¬
ble. Sprays everything; trees, potatoes, vines. Cata¬
logue, telling howto spray, and containing valuable
formulas, FREE.

THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
compreflBea air to spray % acre. We manu¬
facture the largest line In America of high
grade hand and power sprayers. Catalog froe.
Write ui if you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.,

268 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

San Jose Scale on a Pcr-~.

L 5, l 2,

“HORICUM”

Las,

TRADE MARK

THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

Fop Fall op Spping Use

We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will rot kill all the
scale. Many of them get under the rough bark. They are very minute,
but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale a plague like the plagues
of Egypt.

‘•Horicum” Is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use
Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS

Fishkill-on-Hudson, - - NEW YORK

7

“ Black

Diamond ”

FERTILIZERS

There is always a rush in the Fertilizer Business during March and April.

Order early and avoid it.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.,

Middletown Connecticut.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

2o9

Hope Farm Notes

Home Notes. — The last week in February
did part of the business for our biff snow¬
drifts. The days turned mild and warm, and
the nights were not cold enough to tie up
the snow too hard. Bare ground began to
show in the barnyard and in spots ou the
road, with genuine mud in sight. Nothing
could be more welcome than this mud, though
it will be (piite the reverse before the roads
dry up. Everybody felt better for a good
look at the sun. Yet what's the use of talk¬
ing? The hardest blizzard this section ever
had came in March, and we may duplicate it
yet. We won't anticipate it though. Philip
has the shingling done after a long siege.
Day after day he was held up, and some days
lie could only nail three courses before storm
or frost drove him off the roof. If this sun
lasts we shall begin painting at once. For
the old house the Madame has picked out a
light gray with white trimmings. At present
the stone part of the house is painted the
same as the wood. I would prefer the nat¬
ural color of the stone, but as the latter is
painted now we must go over it again. . . .
I have at last been able to get up into the
orchards. The trees seem all right, and I
can find little evidence thus far of the work
of mice or rabbits. When the snow melts we
may find more of it. The peach buds seem to
be very much alive ; in fact, thus far, the or¬
chards look first rate. This heavy coat of
snow will be a great thing for the grass. We
will give it a fair dressing of fertilizer, and
then get ready to see it jump. The Alfalfa
is down under the snow, making up its mind
whether to show up in the Spring or not.
We hope it will decide in the affirmative, for
a good crop of Alfalfa, nicely cured, will be
a great boon to Hope Farm. . . . The

worst thing I can see above the snow is a
block of about 150 young apple trees that
are sunscalded. The damage is on the south
side of the trees. The bark is discolored
about one-third the way around, in some
cases down to the snow, and in others about
half way down. I will stay on record as
saying that I think these trees were weakened
by being fumigated before they were fully
matured in the Fall before they left the nur¬
sery. What shall I do with them? Shall I
pull them out, let them alone, or cut them
back below the scalding? . . . We always
have more or less trouble with our water¬
works at the house. The pipe runs direct
from the kitchen range to a pipe which runs
from pump to tank. When the pump is work¬
ing there is direct pressure upon the range.
I now think of putting a steel tank in the
upper part of the house and have the water
fed from it into the range. Then we can
pump directly into this new tank and also
connect it with the old one. Our windmill
usually does good work up to July, when the
wind wants a vacation ! In this connection
I will print the following letter from Penn¬
sylvania :

“Some time since in writing about that
windmill pump, allusion was made to occa¬
sional disturbance from thumping or pound¬
ing of the pump. We had the same trouble,
but when a new and better pump was put in
service, with a suitable air chamber, this
ceased, and a much better supply of water
was secured. Our present pump has a 21A-
inch bucket and a brass cylinder, and I think
gives double the water the old pump did, and
at less than one-tifth the cost for leathers.
Get a better pump.” J. p-

Fi.orida Notes. — The weather is reported
as delightful and everybody hopes that the
last cold wave has waved out. Florida
weather is treacherous ,and I am not buying
a new overcoat or a dress suit on credit to
be paid for out of potato profits. Prof. Brin-
ton, in his excellent “Notes on the Floridian
Peninsula," tells the following story of
the old Indian tribes :

“At the period of the French settlements,
such amity existed between these neighbors
that the ruler of the latter sought in mar¬
riage the daughter of Oathcaqua, chief of
Tegesta, a maiden of rare and renowned
beauty. Her father, well aware how ticklish
is the tenure of such a jewel, willingly grant¬
ed the desire of his ally and friend. En¬
compassing her about with stalwart warriors,
and with maidens not a few for her compan¬
ions, he started to conduct her to her future
spouse. But alas for the anticipation of
love ! Near the middle of his route was a
lake called Serope, nigh five leagues about,
encircling an island, whereon dwelt a race
of men valorous in war and opulent from a
traffic in dates, fruits and a root ‘so excellent
well fitted for bread, that you could not pos¬
sibly eat better,’ which formed the staple
food of their neighbors for 15 leagues around.
These, fired by the reports of her beauty and
the charms of the attendant maidens, waylay¬
ing the party, rout the warriors, put the old
father to flight, and carry off in triumph the
princess and her fair escort, with them to
share the joys and wonders of their island
home.”

That story may well be a warning to any
man who attempts to grow a crop in Florida
which Jack Frost ever hankers for. No use
counting potatoes, truck or oranges before
they are sold and paid for, because anywhere
along the line old Frost or one of his allies
may get in his work just as those Island men
ran off the girls! It doesn't seem to me

that the old man and his warriors cut much
of a figure, but perhaps they did their best !
I believe that Uncle Ed and Charlie will
make a harder fight for the potatoes than the
old man did for the girls! . . . The pic¬

ture on page 199, Fig. 89, shows one side
of Florida farming. When it is too wet to
plant potatoes you can take your gun and
get out after quail. They rounded up
Charlie in the woods. The picture shows
the beautiful sunlight effect on a bright day
in a Florida forest. If the old man and his
warriors had carried that double-barrelled
gun they would have beaten the Island men
off. A glance through the hindsight of that
gun may mean a dinner of quail on toast, but
the potato crop is to be won through the fore¬
sight in using a hoe while the weeds are
small ! . . . Our folks have been picking

beautiful wild violets in the open air. I am
asked why these violets cannot be dug up
with a good bunch of earth around the root,
packed in crates and sent to the North. They
could, but what would be the use, since they
would not compete with the cultivated vio¬
lets with much greater success than wild
strawberries would compete with the best
from cultivated fields? The cultivated violet
is larger, more perfect and with stronger and
more delicate fragrance. Nature in a Florida
field cannot compete with a skilled florist in
a northern greenhouse, because the latter has
complete control of conditions and can pro¬
duce flowers just exactly as the public want
them.

"Coox" Cats. — Since I intimated that we
might give squab raising a trial i have had
considerable advice-. Some have tried squabs
and failed to make a fortune. Others have
different schemes to propose. Here is one
aoout as good as any :

"I see you are thinking of raising squabs.
Rerhaps that loft would be a good place to
raise ‘coon cats.' I send you a clipping
which I suppose gives all the information
necessary if you know how to translate it. I
don't, l’lease tell us how we are to make
cats ‘coon,’ which will thrive with a little
extra care during mating season, etc.”

GEORGE C. WILCOX.

The article referred to is printed in an ag¬
ricultural paper, part of it reading as fol¬
lows :

"1 earn a little money by raising coon cats.
There are not many farmers but have one or
more cats about the house or barn, and by
taking some pains to have these cats coon,
which will thrive with only a little extra care
during mating season, one can realize quite
a little sum of money from them in the Fall.
'In this vicinity buyers come to the house.
1 Tices of kittens range from $1 to $8 or $9,
according to size, color, sex, age and length
of fur for kittens. Cats bring more.”

I am told that “coon” cats are of a partic¬
ularly handsome breed, perhaps descended
from Angoras. Very likely a cross of the
“coons" on our ordinary cats would find
favor with many cat lovers. Even $9 apiece
wouldn't tempt me to have more cats around
than we have now. You might possibly keep
coon cats and squabs in the same house, but
I think the squabs would be inside of the
cats. I'm sorry that I can't get up much
enthusiasm over ginseng, coon cats, seedless
apples and other rapid routes to wealth. I
guess 1 wasn't cut out for a rich man. After
all, this coon cat scheme is just about as sen¬
sible as many others that are eagerly caught
up.

Ax Alfalfa Question. — Here is a ques¬
tion with a knot in it :

“I have about four acres of corn stubble
that I want to seed to Alfalfa this season.
I have two plans under consideration. First,
sow the piece with peas and oats mixed as
soon as the ground is fit to work ; at the
same time sow one-half bushel Alfalfa seed
to the acre. The question is, will the peas
inoculate the soil sufficiently so I shall stand
a reasonable chance of getting a good stand
of clover? What time should the oats and
peas be cut? Second plan: Sow to buck¬
wheat about the first of July, sowing Alfalfa
with it; also sowing soil from an old Alfalfa
patch. Which is the better plan, or have you
a better plan still?” a. l. s.

New Y'ork.

I am not prepared to answer the question
exactly, as I don't know. Wait till I see
whether my Alfalfa has committed suicide
down under the snow. I would like to hear
from those who have had experience. I
should say that oats and peas would be a
>oor crop to nurse Alfalfa. They would lie
ike some of those nurses that kill a child
"by bundlin'* it up too much. The oats and
peas are so rank and thick that they might
smother out: the little Alfalfa plants. Red
clover often “catches” with oats and peas,
but young clover is a much stronger infant
than’ young Alfalfa. I should not. expect a
good catch of Alfalfa with buckwheat. We
often have a drought at buckwheat seeding,
and the buckwheat will get about all the
moisture there is. I did sow Alfalfa wi"’
buckwheat last Fall, and got a fair stand in
some places, but if I ever sow it again in
late Summer I shall sow the seed alone. The
"knot” I spoke of is this idea that the peas
will inoculate the soil for the Alfalfa. They
will do nothing of the sort, because the little
bacteria which work on the roots of peas are
different from those needed by the Alfalfa.
Even those on the clover roots are different
from those on Alfalfa, though the latter are
much the same as those on Sweet clover.
The Department of Agriculture sent out sam¬
ples of 18 different kinds of bacteria, each
suited to a particular plant. There are many
"human beings in the world divided into differ¬
ent races. They look much alike, but you
wouldn't expect a Frenchman to inoculate
an American district school with knowledge
of the English language. You must get the
Alfalfa bacteria if you want to inoculate the
soil for that crap. The soil you speak of
will do it. h. w. c.

Wit ex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

4 PER CENT,
and Safety

FROM all parts of the world,
this bank receives money
for deposit. Recently a
single day’s mail brought $20, 000
from a business man in Kansas,
$1,000 from an army officer in
the Philippines, $200 from a
storekeeper in Russia and $1
each from a school girl in Ohio
and a working man in New
York. It is all here for them
any time they want it — and in
the meantime it is earning

4 per cent . interest

compounded every six months

Department II booklet tells some interest¬
ing things about this bank and its banking
by mail system. WRI T E FOR IT

The UNION
SA VINGS
BANK

Capital $1,000,000
Frick Building
PITTSBURG, Pa.

Fertilizer! Drill

Handies All

Commercial

Fertilizers

wet or dry,
coarse or tine.
Positive feed, no
choking, no
skips.

For

Broadcast

ToD-dres-

slng or Drilling

in Rows.
Spreads to
width of 6 ft.
10 inches, 200
to 4000 lbs.
acre.

LOW AND EASY TO LOAD.

Broad tires, no rutting. Quick changes fromdrlll-
Ing to broadcasting, also for thick and thin spread¬
ing. Furnished with shafts or tongue. Write for
descriptive circulars and testimonials.

Special Largo Sixe, Sowa 8 Feet 3 Inchea Wldo.

Belcher 8 Taylor A. T. Co.,

B°» 75 _ Chicopee Falls, Mass.

stillUads allothers. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crasa Seeds, Flax , etc. Special hop¬
per for Grain. Sows20to40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind can not blow ttie seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

We Pay

e Ifreis: lit.

For Form and Stock usage they are unequaled. The
“Peerless” is a 6-ton Compound Beam, Wagon and

PEERLESS SCALES $35.00.

.Stock Scale. Its material and workmanslup is of the best obtainable, and each scale is
guaranteed for live years. This is not an inferior Scale, and in order to con¬
vince, will send It ou thirty days’ trial. Send for our catalogue. Address
PFFf?! F5.8 SCAT F TO., bent. Z, Kansas Cbv Mo. (Branch, Dayton. Ohio 1

No. 19
Iron Age
Wheel Plow
and Cultivate.

Make the Garden Pay

You can do double your present work with half the cost.
.You can do your work better and do it when it should
be done. You can increase your profit by
proper planting and better
cultivation. Any imple¬
ment shown herewith
will pay for itself in
from three to ten days in
labor, time and seed saved.

No. s

Iron Age
Hill and Drill
boeder

AGE

can be relied on every day in the year. Wherever they are used, on farm, garden or market
garden, these implements soon demonstrate their worth, and are always found invaluable They
sow evenly, saving seed, they do double the work of ordinary cultivators; they are light, -*■
strong and durable, ‘Iron Age,” our new book for 1905, explains the use -
of all our Iron Age Implements, besides giving valuable points on
- planting and cultivation. Send for the book to-day and read up
^ on the new way to cultivate for profit. It describes many new
and improved money-making farm garden implements,

-Potato Planters, Riding and Walking Cultivators, Or
*- jehard Cultivators, Horse Hoess

Sprayers, etc. Write
for the book now.

No. 6
Iron Age
Doable and
Single
Wheel
Hoe, Hill
and Drill
{ Seeder

No. 1
Iron Age
Doable and
Single Wheel
Hoe

BATEMAN MFG. CO.,
Box102, Grenloch, N. i.

vators; harrows; sugar beet cultivators, etc.

No Qoorlac is a hill and <irill seeder, single or double wheel hoe, a

* p’ OCCUCI cultivator, a plow. Marks; sows In continuous rows

or hills; loosens soil ; killsweeds; cultivates all depths; furrows; ridges, etc. Works between or astride
rows; to or from plants. Extremely light running; ehanges made almost instantly. Its wide range of
usefulness makes it a favorite everywhere.

R Hnrtp Hoe is a remarkably efficient Cnlti-
ivvj. l». HGtsc AlVJC yator and Hoe, meeting per¬
fectly the many needs for which it is intended. Extra-high
stiff steel frame, with interchangeable non-clogging, self¬
polishing standards. Closes to 9 and opens to 25 inches.

Patent depth-regulators ; adjustable handles ; reversi¬
ble hoes, and many other exclusive features.

Be sure to get the cutulog.

S. L. ALLEN & CO.,

Box 1107 V,

Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 8
Hone
How.

D fll g |Mf2 | A gUn You want a plow that turns

“vll" u smooth furrow up or down. You
to work equally well on the level. The

Syracuse Combination Plow

leads every other. The type which other plow makers pattern after
— imitated but never equaled. Steel moldboard, separate shin
^ piece, cast landside, chilled or steel shares, right or left
Hr hand, with round or flat coulters. Demand unprece¬
dented. It’sthe plow that’s next to perfection forall-around
work. Ask year dealer tc show you or write us for de¬
scriptive catalogue.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse, W, Y»

210

March II,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Live Stock and Dairy]

COW WITH MANGE.

I have a grade Guernsey heifer four years
old that 1 purenased two months ago. At
the time I noticed that she had rubbed the
hair from several spots on her neck and
shoulders, and that she had several sores on
hips and legs, where she came in contact
with the floor in lying down. She continued
to rub the hair off. I suspected lice, but
could find none. Nevertheless I dusted her
thoroughly with “louse killer." I consulted
a local veterinary and he said “indigestion,"
giving washes for the sores and some pow¬
ders to be given in her feed. She eats well,
eyes look bright : is giving a out two quarts
per day of milk, and is due to calve April A.
Her hair comes out just as though she were
shedding it. and she licks herself and rubs as
though lousy, but I can tin', no lice. 1
keep her in a closed shed or box stall with
plenty of bedding, and the sores are about
healed, though she occasionally rubs till the
blood starts. She was not in good flesh
when I bought her, and her hair looked
rough. I can see some improvement in her
condition, but not what I would like. There
seems to be some scurf on her skin. I am
feeding her oats, barley and corn, ground to¬
gether, liberally reduced with wheat bran — -
say about one-quarter bran, and I feed about
four quarts to six quarts per day with corn¬
stalks and good hay. Do you think it can
be from indigestion, and what would you
advise? Would it be better to dry her off
at once? F. M. w.

Trumansburg, N. Y.

You are on the right track, and all the
trouble is that the little imps were much
smaller than you were looking for. If
you had taken some of the under crust of
the dandruff front some of the hairless
places before you applied the wash your
veterinarian gave you no doubt would
have found the insects. If you place the
dandruff on some dark paper and use a
low-power glass it may be that you can
find them now if you will get some of
the dandruff front places where the wash
has not been applied. The chances are
that the wash your veterinarian gave you
was some antiseptic solution that would
put the parasites out of business. This
species of mange lives in colonies much
like the ant, and is quite persistent in
cold weather on young cattle, and more
especially on calves. The trouble usually
ceases when warm weather conies, but
may live through the Summer on calves.
1 have had good results from the use of
a mixture of kerosene and lard, used once
in three days, but if the insects get on
the young calf it may be necessary to dip
him in Zenoleutn, tobacco water, kerosene
emulsion or some of the sheep scab dips.
Preparations of mercury or arsenic
should never be used, as they may cause
poisoning. If you will sprinkle fine salt
all through the hair once a week you will
find it of much value against the exter¬
nal parasites. I think it best to have a
cow go dry about four to six weeks, .and
not feed much cornmeal, but give a hand¬
ful of Epsom salts in the feed" every day
just before she comes in.

m. it. williams., n. v. s.

Field Beans or Cow Peas.

IF. L. /). , Meadow View, l a. — Why is it
that the different varieties of garden and field
beans are not grown for hay for stock tl >
same as cow peas? Mow do they compare
as stock feed and soil improvers with cow
peas?

Ans. — The field beans are sometimes
used for green manuring. We have known
them to be seeded in corn in sections
where cow peas do not grow well. Such
bean vines are fed to sheep with success.
Lima beans are sometimes planted with
corn — both stalks and vines being cut into
the silo together. The main reason for us¬
ing cow peas are that the vines are large,
grow faster, are more palatable for stock
and make faster growth in hot weather.

Roadside Planting in Pennsylvania.

V. Ar. C., Franklin, Pa. — Can '-on inform
us in regard to the laws in Pennsylvania
in regard to roadside tree planting? Is there
a reduction made in taxes for such work,
and does it specify the kind of trees, whether
fruit or ornamental?

Ans. — The law on roadside tree plant¬
ing is as follows : “Any person liable to

road tax, who shall transplant to the side
of the public highway, and on his own
premises; any fruit, shade trees or forest
trees, of suitable size, shall be allowed
by the supervisor of roads where roads
run through or adjoin cultivated fields,
in abatement of his road tax, one dollar
for every four trees set out.”

N. B. CRITCHFIET.D.

Pennsylvania Secretary of Agriculture.

Cow Feed in Northern New Hampshire.
— Here in northern New Hampshire pasture
land is cheap, and nearly everyone relies on
natural, pasture for Ihe Summer feed for
Stock. A few provide soiling crops after the
feed gets short. For that purpose corn fod¬
der and mown oats are used with a little
Hungarian. Were I to practice soiling I
would sow oats and peas as early as possi¬
ble, and would manage to have some well-
cured, early-cut clover hay to feed all
through the Summer. By sowing oats and
peas at intervals, a succession would be pos¬
sible after the first. In addition, Hungarian
and corn fodder could be used for variety,
though the main dependence would be peas and
oats. After the first year I should have Win¬
ter rye or wheat for early Spring. Were I
where corn would usually do well, I should
have a silo and use silage for the most part,
thus saving the expense of daily cutting and
carrying to the barn. With plenty of good
silage, clover hay and mill feed one could get
up an excellent ration, but the cost, would lie
high unless we were on expensive land \v!
an extra market for the produce.

Colebrook, N. H. n. a. c.

Warts on Cattle. — On page 45 a sub¬
scriber asks for the best way to remove warts
from cattle. Dr. Williams says: “The best
v. ay to remove warts is with a pair of
curved scissors, or with a common pair of
scissors, cutting out the hard parts in the
skin when they are small.” From consid¬
erable experience I regard his method as a
cruel and dangerous one, especially when a
very simple remedy will in a majority of
cases prove very effective. Some years since
a friend of mine whom I was visiting called
my attention to a cow that had about 50
warts on her body, some of them on the
udder. I called his attention to ihe arbor
vitae tree, Thuja occidentals, known in
northern New England as the cedar and
White cedar. I told him if he would chop
up some of the leaves so they would readily
go in a jiint bottle, then fill the bottle with
alcohol and let. it stand a day or two, and
then apply tne tincture to the warts they
would soon disappear. Some weeks after
that, when I was visiting him again, he called
my attention to the cow, and not a wart ap¬
peared on the skin. I tried the same tinc¬
ture on a fine Morgan mare which had a wart
as large as the stone of a cherry under the
saddle girth. One week's application of the
tincture removed it completely. I have
known the same treatment to remove warts
on human beings, and there is absolutely no
danger in using it. J. i>- Thompson.

W. Virginia.

rope $1 for 15. $2 for 40. thoroughbred Brahmas,
LUUo Rocks, W. ami Buff Wyan.. Leghorns and Reds.
14 varieties. Catalog. S. K. Mohr. Coopersburg. 1’a.
k- < j •

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C White and Brown Leg¬
horns B1 ck Minoicas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Bocks. * .50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has bett( r stock

LOCUST FAKMS, Kaiontown, N. J.

nnrn Cf!D CPdC —Our Barred Books liy 250 to
DnCU run CUUOa 27s eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville. Ill

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two tirst premiums at New York 8tate Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 16; *5 per 100. Catalogue fiee.
Z1MMEB BUOS., B. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

Var's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book, 10c.
Bates free. J A. BEKGEY. B<v S.Tel'ord.Pa,

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Send for circular.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.I). 2.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prio s. It. H. PUSKY, Princess Anne, Md.

CHICKS, White and Barred Plymouth Rocks only.

Wyandottes. Rocks, Leghorns, Minorcas, (fame
and Duck Kggs for Hatching. Wyandottes and Rock
Stock for Sale. Pleasant View Farm. Seward, N. Y.

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Lieht Brthmas. Bar¬
red Bocks, White andSilvtrWyandotUs; hardy,
prolific, farm bred.pure stock. For B'BDS. moderate
prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTiiB
SHERMAN, ‘25 Boulevard, Middletown. B. I.

Nothing so sure and certain as
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Prevents and cures scours
Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 ycarsold. (

POULTRY SUPPLIES- ,

■ The Kind that Make Eggs -All per too ll>s -

Becleaned Ground Oyster Shell*-. 5oc; MicoGrlttor
Poultry. 60c.: MicoGrltfor Pigeons. 6uc ; MicoGrit for
Chicks. 6* c : Saul’s Poultry Sciatcning Foou *1.85; ]

Sauls Poult- y Mash Food *2: Saul's Pigeon Food. $2;
Saul’s' hick Fi'od, *2.50: CutClover.il 60; Clover Meal.
*1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps. *2.25: Pure Meat
Meal. *125: Pure Meat and Bone. *2.25; Pure Poultry £
Bone.*2.25: Pure Bone Meal. *2.26: Hemp Seed. *3.60; <

Sunflower Seed, *4.25; Chicken Millet, S.’.aJ. Cata- i
logue mailed free.

( HAS F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street. Syracuse, N Y

Breeders’ Directory

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

First Mid-Winter Offering!

20 Twenty Service Bulls 20

About one year old sired by the great Mercedes
ulip's Pietertje’s Paul, whose dam Mercedes Julip's
Jietertje was the 1900 world’s champion butter
ecord cow. A. K. O. 29 5 7 lbs. in seven days.

Also by Belle Korndyke Beryl Wayne, a son of
Jelle Kornd> ke. A. B. O. seven day record 25.12.3 los.
the also has produced three daughters with greater
ombined official butter records than any other cow
n the world. These bulls are from official tested
lams, one with a three year old record of 21.67 lbs.
jutter in seven days, official average per cent, of
'at 4 44 Circulars sent on application.

HORACE L B KO.\ SOX, Dept. I).. Cortland. X Y.

Kentucky Jack Farm. K :

A flnelotol Kentucky bred ASpMl.
and big blnck Spanish jacks 'w
and jennets. Also one and

two-year old jacks. Young \

stock for sale at all times. A

Write or see me before you M

buy. Come to Kentucky if Wi f w '

you want a good jack. n It

HIE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-ER I ESI ANS
ire bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution. Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
hem. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
u.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bri.L Calves.

A. A. < ORTELYOU, Neshanic. N. J.

J uuctiun City Kentucky •

Registered HOLSTEIN -FK1ES1AN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old;' large,
Handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im-
nediate’ service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
5ietertie. No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
terd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
ind Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y.t or
%. DeEorest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua. Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

FIFTY BLACK MAM- V

MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad- wP***x^B

die staFions all registered or III UK

subject to registry. Our prices ■

are as low as any firm will make 11 1 l

them giving a responsible guar-
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J. E. COOK & CO.,

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

_

JACKS FOR SALE. ,

The finest lot of -JACKS and .JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,

BAIvER’S JACli. FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Inti.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A . R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Jeryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
JeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
roungsters as they must be disposed of to make room
or our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
inything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODGREST FARM. Ritton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

POLAND CHINAS |

Send for Catalogue at once, this will appear but i
once. JACOB It. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio.

/^urcui np Young Boars,

SI EL *3 1 | | EL Sows and 3-month

Pigs of individual merit and from the best families.

E. S. HILL. Freeville, N. Y.

iini CTCIW Dill 1 C from 3 to 18 months old. A
lULolLm DULLu few choice young Cows;
mproved Chester Whites of all ages Prices rig' '.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro. N. ,

j/nm CHESTER WHITES

f A j /> Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.

1 Adc Standard bred pigs for sale.

/ 1* Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox.B.S; Bradford. Dk. Co.O

rnn CAI C Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull
rUn OALl Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from
registered stock. Prices inoderat-; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Bepresentatives of the bes1 English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FAKMS, Bernardsvllle. N. J.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE. O

Some of Lord Netherlaml DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.
E. Cl. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

* wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin, j
service Boars, Bred sows, t- Write for
prices and description Return if not

| | Combination and

|iK\k V% T Golden Lad. For

(1 L M 1 U L M k ■ _ salellcows.Uhelt-

m ® ers and 23 bulls.

S. E. NIVIN, LANDENBKKG, PA.

HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE x

when I will sell you a registered JEKSEi BULL,
best da' ry stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
B. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

“QUALITY.”

Registered .Jersey Calves and Yearling; Heifers,
bred right, raised ’right, and fi r sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N. Y

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES KSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW 8 KOOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mlcl

REKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORN £5

200 April hatched ducks, *1 50 to *2.50 each. D1 k
egg orders booked. *1 15 for 11; $8 per hundi d.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating *1 for 13; *6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New Yoik City. 81 pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators. brooders, etc.

BONNIE BK IE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Mogisterod J ©rsoys

) Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. 8t.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.’’

J. -ALDUS HERB, Lancaster. Pa.

COWS FOR SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
tead in lots of ten, f. o.b.

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM. Castile. N. Y.

White Plymouth Rocks tpr.»a,rSiffna

$1 her 15. $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. V.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Kggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

\\/HITK Wyandottes and Barred Plymouth
” Rocks, thoroughbred stock. Cockerels,
$2, Pullets, IS 1.50, Eggs, 8U.50 per 15, »5
per 100. E. B. KETCH AM,

J 4 North Shore Drive South Haven, Mich.

P P B.k Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf . Legs Bar

O' Ut Bucks, Wli. A Bf. Wyandottes, Reds.Sherwoods.
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels*
White Guineas. MtvAIN CO . B.. Delaware, N. J. ’

PLEASANT VIEW POULTRY YARDS. Breeder
of White Wyandottes and R. C. Buff Leghorns
Eggs from Prize Winning Stock $2.00 per setting'
$6.U0 and $8.00 per 100. v K’

ARTHUR MELBOURNE, Naugatuck. Conn

For Sale at Farmer’s Prices

If purchased at once — Thoroughbred. Registered,
Ayrshire Dulls and Hull Calves. For prices and
particulars, address,

Manager, Hilltop Farms, Littleton, N. H.

RIDGESIDE FARM AYRSHIRES

First prize aged and first prize young herds, and
twenty awards on individual animals at World's
Fair, St. Louis. Choice animals of both sexes and of
various ages for sale.

S. M. WELLS & SON, Newington, Conn.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cineinnatus, N. Y.

[TirU Tl ACC pbbcheron and french

liun LI A Ta Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
,uuu pups k.s. AKIN, Auburn. N.Y.

COR SAL Hi—1 Thoroughbred Scotch Collie Cow dogs.

< WM. WILDGKUBE, No. Franklin. De’. Co. N. Y.

W/ Y A N DOTTES. White, Buff, Silver L. and Gold
LEGHORN’S, Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCK-, Barred. Buff and White. Brahmas Cochins,

It. I. Beds, Minoicas and other breeds in Cockerels
and Bens. Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm. Carpemer, O.

O. 1. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
arge litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia.N Y.

I IGHT BRAHMA COCKERELS. PRIZE STOCK.

*- O. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y

HUFF White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 3U,
S2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH.Quakertown, Pa.

60— GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

Write for prices for best bred and finest BULL CALVES in America. Fine show amima's one mouth
to one year old. Sire contains one-half the b ood of Katy SPOFFOB1) CO ON A, the World's Champion
Heifer in h“r c ass. In private, otlicial, show, and economic recoros she has no equal.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS, America’s leading strain for 22 years ENGLISH BEKK8H1RE8
Lone: Distance ’Phone. k. H. KNAPP & SON, Eabius, N. Y.

Born Feb 13 1904. Two-thirds black. Weight 750 lbs. A choice individual. SIBE— Mutual Friend 8ds
Paul sire of 6 A. K. O daughters, by Paul DeKol, and out of Mutual Friend 3d 22 lbs 13 ozs. Milk test¬
ing 4.27 per cent.

DAM. 13 lbs. 2.1 or. at 3 years. Milk testing 3.5 per cent. She by Gelche 4th's Hamilton, sire of 3 A. B.
O. daughters HE WILL PLEASE YOU. WILL BE SOLD CHEAP.

“ Oakland Farm/9 T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport, A/. Ym

1005.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

21 I

FARM SLED IN MARYLAND.

Having read in The R. N.-Y. many
articles describing handy and inexpensive
implements in use by the farmer, I take
pleasure in sending you two drafts of a
sleigh, shown in accompanying diagrams,
showing its construction, which I am us¬
ing with entire satisfaction under the axles
of a democrat wagon. The people, of the
Eastern Shore of Maryland are having
more snow this Winter than they have
had in many years, and all sorts of sleighs
are being brought in use. Many people
have looked with much curiosity at the
one I am using. Take a 2 x 12-inch plank
and cut of? two pieces, each three feet
long; dress with a jack plane, lay to¬
gether flat and with a wing divider, de¬
scribe the arc of a circle with a radius
of 20 inches; this will give a good turn¬
up for the front of the runners. Slightly
round the heel. This done set the run¬
ners up 38 inches apart, and lay across

StcU

the top of them two pieces 2 x 4-inch oak
4 feet 10 inches long, leaving them ex¬
tending over each side o* the runner equi¬
distant. Place the rear piece four inches
from heel of runners, and set it in half its
thickness (one inch). Place the forward
piece 14 inches from the rear one, and set
in the runner. Bore an 11-16-inch hole
through the cross piece and down in the
runner nine inches deep; u^e a 0/10-inch
bit and continue the hole through the run¬
ner. Now drive a Y& x 12-inch threaded
bolt in the hole tight. This bolt will an¬
swer the purpose of holding the cross
piece, bracing the runner and preventing
it from splitting. Cut two pieces of oak
2x4 inches, 22 inches long, and place
between ends of runner braces A to B,
and fasten with (4-inch bolts seven inches
long. In the center of the pieces A, B,
and close to the top, bore a hole the size
of the axle of the wagon. Have a black¬
smith make a clip to go over the axle and
bolt to the piece A B. Heavy hoop iron

will answer very well for shoes to pro¬
tect the wood runners. The shoulders of
the axle should set inside the braces A, B.
Two such bobs placed under the axles of
a spring wagon make a comfortable sleigh.

I selected my material from odds and ends
of a carpenter shop, using hoops from a
hogshead for shoes, the only cost being
for clips over the axles, which amounted
to 60 cents. E. J- R-

Lloyds, Md. _ _

BUILDING A HENHOUSE.

After reading “The Business Hen” I wish
to ask you a few questions. I have an
upper story 22 x 32, which I am using for
a henhouse ; it being somewhat cold I thought
of putting “three X" building paper all over
it tight to t lie boards, and then nail on
one by three and cover with tarred paper,
leaving a dead air space. The inside has
been covered with frost. Will it be neces¬
sary to spray with kerosene emulsion on
account of hen lice before 1 put the paper
on? Shall I have to put in ventilators, and
if so how many and how large? w. s.

Lyndonville, X. Y.

There is no doubt that a house built as
stated would be all right provided the
dead-air space was perfect, but in our ex¬
perience it is almost impossible to build a
henhouse out of ordinary lumber with a
perfect dead-air space, and if it is not
perfect you are no better off than you

were before. A much better and cheaper
way is to ceil up the inside, packing straw
between the inner and outer boarding.
This will make the house both dry and
warm. Straw should also be packed
overhead, and instead of building ven¬
tilators use plenty of muslin in the win¬
dows in place of glass. It should cer¬
tainly be sprayed with kerosene, crude
petroleum or some such lice extermi¬
nator before you cover up the present
side walls. floyd q. white.

Why the Cement Wall Cracked.

G. 8., Spokane, Wash. — A year ago I had
a water tank built of stone and cement by a
regular stone mason. After it. was tilled it
cracked. I had it repaired, but it cracked
again : it was again repaired and seemed
to be all right. It has now cracked again.
The crack is from top to bottom It) feet
long in a crooked line. The opening is so
small the crack can just be seen, but it
lets water through. The wall is 2 '4 feet
at bottom and 1 14 foot at top, and tank bolds
1 0,000 gallons. IIow can it be repaired so
it will not crack again?

Ans. — G. S.'s wall cracked through im¬
proper foundation. A wall might crack
by outward pressure of water, but to
crack the wall would take the greater
strain, and therefore if the pressure would
crack it the same pressure would wash
it down entirely. The wall may quit set¬
tling in time, and if it does it can be
plastered and then be all right. It may,
however, continue to settle till the work is
ruined entirely. Time alore can tell.
This demonstrates again the importance
of the foundation. e. j. h.

Purity of Paris-Green.

■I. T. E.. Laurel. I>el. — The I’arls-grpen we
got hero is in paper boxes (labeled “pure
Paris-green”). We have to use it so heavily
that it injures the tops before killing the
bugs. How much of the purest Paris-green
should be used tin dry state i on an acre
without, injuring the tops?

Ans. — Paris-green is sometimes adulter¬
ated, but not so frequently as farmers gen¬
erally believe. Analyses made by the
N. Y. Experiment Station indicate that
most of the Paris-green sold in this State
is of good quality. Much of the injury to
potato foliage resulting from the use of
Paris-green is due to carelessness in appli¬
cation. Particular care should be taken
to distribute it evenly and always to use
lime with it. In localities where potatoes
are subject to blight or flea-beetles, Paris-
green should always be used with Bor¬
deaux Mixture, and then there is ro dan¬
ger of injuring the foliage. One to two
pounds of Paris-green in 50 gallons of
Bordeaux may be used with entire safety.
One pound per acre is sufficient to control
bugs if applied properly and at the right
time. Bugs are much easier poisoned while
small. It is impossible to state definitely
how much Paris-green may be safely ap¬
plied dry to an acre of potatoes. Some¬
times as much as two pounds per acre
does no harm, but as a rule the use of
more than one pound per acre is attended
with risk. There are two simple tests for
the purity of Paris-green. 1. When
crushed between two pieces of window
glass the presence of lumps showing white
inside indicate adulteration. 2. Pure Paris-
green readily dissolves in ammonia, giv¬
ing a deep blue color. f. c. stewart.

Geneva, (N. Y.) Exp. Station.

When you write advertisers mention The
K. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply am.
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

A

WILL R-
SEND

^^BLA

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE, PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

.BLATCHFORD S CALF MEAL FACTORY^
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

l\

.T MILK
NIALS A

DRY f

Softens and preserves leather
Pratts Harness Soap.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

mm the

REASON?

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Bo* 11, Cobleaklll, N. Y.

WOODPECKER

Every Farmer

IN AMERICA

doesn't own a power to do rill of the hard work
he now has to do by hand. Lots of them do!
Why don’t you own a firft class gasoline en¬
gine! Have you been wnicing for some manu¬
facturer to make you a fairand square offer!
Here is one. We will ship you the

3^ Horse Power

WOODPECKER

Gasoline Engine

orv 30 Day» Free TrlaH.

We mean what we say. We’re not afraid to
let the farmers of America try the Wood-

Fiecker Engine on their own farms. Let It tell
ts own story. Let it do your work for SOdays.
We won’t resort to any tricks to make you sat¬
isfied if the engine don't prove to be the best
money and labor saver you ever brought on to
your farm. There may be reasons why other
manufacturers don’t do this. We don’t know
about that. We know only that aftera thor¬
ough trial of this plan during which we have
sold thousands of the 3k; horse power Wood¬
peckers we are ready to make the offer broad¬
cast to all of the farmers of this country.

Reinemlier you can make the engine do your
work and you don’t need to call in an expe¬
rienced man. Let it snw your wood, pump your
water, grind your feed. Let it do any of a
hundred things and you notice it. If it isn’t all
right send it hack. We won 'task any questions.
We’llbo satisfied with your decision.

Durlngthe next 30 days we want tohearfrom
every man in America who has any use for a
power. We want him to send us his name so we
can fully explain our plan to him and tell him
all about the 3J4 horse power Woodpecker. It
won’tcostyou anything to find outall we have
to say. Address

“WOODPECKER”

Main S Office, Middletown, O.

IVt make all sizes up to 44 Horst Power.

KA DEXX

Cream Exlracior

Has three times the separat¬
ing power of other makes.
Hoes not mix water and milk.

Beats Them' All

because it gets more cream.
Mori; blitter. Greater profits.
Easiertocleanand operate. No
waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout. Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. W rite to¬
day. We want good agents.

KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR CO,

30 Ka Dexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, N . T.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
poses, from to 28 horse power.
Also steam Boilers and Engines, Saw
Mills. Feed Mills, Cider Presses and
supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. C0„
39 Cortlandt St„ New York City.

^ A

A GOOD NAME 18 BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and you will have reliable,
safe and economical power,
lll'd Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, 3150.00
Wood Sawing: Outfits on
Wheels

I Thr e Horse Power, $200.00
| F i v e Horse Power, ^260. 00
Seud for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

AGENTS

WANTED

sell our

For particulars write X||_|1S
Nat. Silo & LumberCo.

18 Pymatuning St.. Linesville, Pa.

hr

W '

DOUBLE VALUE

from your manure. Cover two acres
to every one by hand, spreading
with better results and do it as
fast as 10 men with forks.

...MILLER...
Manure Spreader
and Pulverizer

is the only low down spreader, easy to
load. Handles all manure, pulverizes
thoroughly, spreads evenly, thick or
thin, as wanted. Right width to
straddle corn rows. Solid bottom box,
scraped clean every load. Automatic
drag return, safety end-gate, double
drive. Send for catalog M and know
every reason why you should own a
Miller modern spreader.

The NEWARK MACHINECO., Newark, O,.

Gasoline Engines

If you want
a Gas or Gas¬
oline Engine,

honestly con¬
structed, per
fectly equip¬
ped with the
best features
growing out
of 14 years of
experience;
which yields the greatest power from
least fuel, and guaranteed to develop
the full horse power claimed, write

CT AMH1TDT Gas and Gasoline
. LAnDLKl Engine Company.

^ _ Anderson, Indiana. jj

mvma

(Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work."

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from, all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNING.

T alzea — 2 to 25 horse power. One style for
windwheel use. ( A so muLe Sweep
tirlndern— Geared and Plain.)

P. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

WE have a splendid proposition to present to Farm¬
ers, Stockmen. Graugeund Farmer's Clubs,and we
want active agents and Farmers t hemselves to apply
for our agencies in every ne ghborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO < O. . Jefferson. O.

DoLiOiVClY

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy t he tr''nulne.
. Catalog Free of h iw .vii.ls 4 1. I and up. .Shingle j
V Planing, Lath and Corn MUL. four Stroke Hay
L Presses. Water Wheels. 'Ve bay tre ght, |
Del.uttch Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002 Atlanta.C

$21.00 PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00l$i4,o°o°o$°Lo6l

TOP BUGGIES. almilarto one Illustrated. I SOSSEY* ■*

have been widely advertised. 1^34,00 to $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at these prices and why we can

sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house la all fully explained In our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogues. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwill receive by return mail. Free. Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything in Buggies. Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys. Phaetons. Carriages,
Light and Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness. Saddles and Sad¬
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Illustrations. ful I descriptions and all priced at prices
much 1 iwer than anr other lion-e can possibly make.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

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LUUUCO Ishing Buggy Offer ever heard of.

^ anew and astonishing proposition. How others

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We will explain why we are the only makers or dealers ^f^oHd that can ship buggies the da^w QUAR

JntVe ARF ALL EXPLAINED WHEN WE SEN D YOU THE FOUR FREE CAT A LO GU ES

HAVE YOU ANY USE FOR A BUGGY ? & W

call your neighbor s attention to this announcement. Don’t bpv any kindofa buggy until after ^"u
cut this ad. out and send to US and get THE FOUR BIG FREf CATALOGUES, U“"*L

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES,

all one
Uonary or

cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Leas
or traction. Mention this paper. S«WD VOX CATALOGUE

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN.”

_ _ _ _ atwo-cyilnder gasoline engine superior to

212

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11,

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

Electric Poultry Feeding.

At bottom of page 71! of The Business lien
O. W. Mapes refers to a method of closing
his henhouses at night when first built by
pressing and electric button. I have an elec¬
tric service installed on m.v poultry plant
that tells me when the temperature in my
brooder house and incubators go wrong, and
a variety of other tilings, and would not
think of getting along without, it. If Mr.
Mapes would tell the readers of Tut: It. N.-Y.
how he did it. it would greatly Interest me,
and very likely many other poultry keepers
who are electrically inclined. N. l. g.

South Lee, X. H.

Tt would make quite a story to tell
“How I did it.” Some of us have a fac¬
ulty of seeing with our mind's eye things
that have not as yet materialized. Ex¬
ercising this faculty, after caring for a
small flock of hens a number of years, I
could see how I might have a number of
such flocks or colonies scattered about on
my rough pastures, and feed all the flocks
simultaneously, if 1 had an elevated feed
box in each house with an opening
through which the grain could fall out,
which 1 could operate by electricity. My
flock of 40 hens was giving a profit of
about a dollar each, and it took not more
than three minutes to walk from the
barn to the hennery and give them their
breakfast or dinner, as the case might be.

I figured that I could make the rounds
to 40 or 50 colonies three times a day,
and thus have a paying business. At
prices which guaranteed eggs were bring¬
ing at that time, and prices of grain, each
hen would only have to lay 100 eggs a
year to clear a profit of $1. The reason
l wanted the electric feed boxes, was to
feed all the flocks simultaneously at their
own homes, and avoid having them con¬
gregate about me as I carried their feed
to them, thus tempting them so far aivay
from their homes that they would not get
back. Closing the doors at night was an
afterthought in order to save steps.

I know practically nothing about elec¬
tricity, and never saw such a device in
operation, so I had to begin at the bot¬
tom. I did know, however, that an elec¬
tro-magnet has a pretty strong “pull”
when the current is on, and that it ceased
to pull the instant the current is broken.

I soon learned by experimenting that I
could take a small brass or steel wire,
and wind a spiral spring over a rod the
size of a lead pencil. This spiral spring
also had a “pull” when extended, strong
enough to release a latch, but not strong
enough to pull the armature away from
the electro-magnet when the current was
on. After making a hopper-shaped feed
box large enough to hold a feed of grain
for 40 hens, it was fastened against the
inside wall of the hennery as high as I
could conveniently reach, and a hole cut
in the front side near the bottom large
enough to let the grain fall out over a
disk below, which scattered it well over
the floor of the house. Over this hole a
slide was fitted, and another spiral spring
attached to the slide. This spring had
sufficient "pull” to raise the slide from
over the hole. My latch was simply a
lever made from bard wood, -fastened to
the front of the box with a screw which
acted as a fulcrum. The armature was
fastened to tile upper end of this lever or
latch, and the lower end engaged the
point of the slide and held it down over
the hole when the armature was held
against the magnet. The first spring was
attached to the lever opposite the arma¬
ture, so that when the current was broken
and the magnet ceased to pull, the tipper
end of the lever to which the armature
was made fast would be pulled by the
spring in one direction, moving the lower
end of the lever in the other direction,
thus unlatching the slide. This allowed
the other spring to lift the slide, and the
contents of the box to run out through
the hole. The same spring which lifted
the slide from over the bole, was after¬
ward made to lift a latch, which allowed
the dodr, covering the small opening
which the hens use as an entrance and
exit, to drop in place at night. This small
drop-door is fastened up during the day

by means of a string passing up and over
a pulley with a counterweight at the other
end of the string a little lighter than the
door. 1 his word picture may not be very
lucid, but will give you some idea of
"how I did it.”

Many of the problems presented were
new to me, and I entered into the solu¬
tion of them with as much zest, and
probably with as much profit mentally, as
the average school boy or girl tackles
algebra or the dead languages. What I
had seen with my mind's eye was finally
seen with the physical eye, when I could
look out upon 35 flocks of hens scat¬
tered over the fields, press an electric
button, and see the whole business start
with a rush of feet and wing home for
their dinner or supper. Some years they
have given $1 each profit above cost of
feed, and other years nearly so. The
problems which present themselves for’
solution along the road of the hen man
are not all connected with electric de¬
vices. Those were easy beside some which
yet remain to be solved.

What is the need of so many small
flocks?

I have since learned that electric feed
boxes are not necessary in order to keep
the colonies from intermingling to any
great extent, and that the trouble and
expense of keeping up a battery and the
line in order are items to be considered.

I believe that the practical egg producer
of the future on an extensive scale will
have much larger flocks than we of to¬
day. I thought a year ago that I would
try 200 hens in one flock in a 20 x 20-
foot house. I have hesitated about trans¬
ferring the picture from my mind's eye to
my physical eye, because 1,000 bens all in
one flock and one building, presents a
more attractive and profitable picture.
One man should be able to care for three
or four such flocks with much less work
than for my 35 small flocks. I can see
no good reason why the hens will not
be more comfortable and more produc¬
tive in such a building than in small
flocks.

A two-story house 30 x 60 feet would
be ample for a thousand hens, and could
be well built for about $700. T would use
the lower floor for a feeding and laying
room, and the upper story for the roost¬
ing quarters. Such a building could be
economically heated in severe weather,
and the plan appeals to me very strongly
from the practical side.

“Hens by the acre” when I only saw them
in my mind’s eye, was not a more invit¬
ing picture. Results in life come from
thinking first, decision second, and action
third. T have only reached the first stage
as yet. Possibly some of my readers
may be ready to take the second and
third steps in advance of me.

o. w. MAPES,

Arsenate of Lead. — We have l>een using
arsenate of lead for spraying potatoes the
last two seasons, and like it much better
Ilian Paris-green. I have used the homemade
mixture, also Swift's arsenate of lead, and
find that Swift's sticks a little better than
the homemade, hut costs more. I have used
them both with Bordeaux, and if it can get
dry on the vines before it rains it will take a
very hard rain to wash it off. There is no
danger of burning the vines with t lie lead
as with Paris-green. We use about two
pounds to a barrel of water. e. J. B.

ITackettstown. X. .T.

Tuttle s Elixir

is a quick and permanent cure
for distemper, founder, lameness
of all kinds, pneumonia, thrush,
cuts, bruises, collar and saddle
trails, colds, stiffness, etc. It is
used and endorsed by the Adams
Express Co. We offer

$100 Reward

for any case of Colic, Curb, Con¬
tracted or Knotted Cords, Splints,
recentShoe Boils or > allous that
it will not cure.

Tuttle’s Family Elixir

is the best household remedy that can be used for
rheumatism, sprains and all other pains and aches.
Saves doctor bills and stops pain instantly. Our 100-
page book, “ Veterinary Experience,” tree. Send for it.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co- 30 Beverly St. Boston, Mass.

Mcware of all to-called Elixire. Ott Tuttle' ». the only genuine. Tor
tale by druggiete or tent direct.

Rub hard worked horses with
Pratts Veterinary Liniment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Fhila. Over 30 years old.

DE LAVAL
CREAM SEPARATORS

As the Sun is to the Hay and the Rain to the
Earth so is the

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR

to the Dairy Farmer. 000,000 users bear witness
to this. If you have cream to separate BUY one
at ONCE. It will prove the biggest money¬
maker on the farm.

Send to-day for new catalogue, and name and
address of nearest local agent.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

Randolph & Canal 8ts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Drumrn St.,
SAX FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cort/andt Street ,
NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square
.MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDe rmot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

* .mVs

[ a*'

CLIP YOUR HORSES
with 20th Century Clipper ™lcy $5

They feel better, look better, work better, and are less liable to
catch cold. Don’t let your horaes stand in the barn all night
with a heavy damp coat of hair on. It weakens them and they
lose flesh. If clipped they dry out quickly, gain flesh and can
be groomed in one fourth the time. Weighs only 15 lbs.
CiipB a horse in 80 minutes. Send for Catalogue H

CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO.

14R La Salle Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL.

THE

Great Western Apron

Manure Spreader

SMITH

CPRF A nC kinds of manure, straw stack bottoms and commercial fertilizer regard*
orntMIIO less of their condition. Spreads as much In a day as 15 men can by hand. Spreads the
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes tiie same amount of manure go three timea as far and
produce better results; makes all manure fine and immediately available for plant food.

Ainii DIINPU A Dl C DAIf C forms a hopper, holds all hard chunks in contact
I1UI1hDUI1 UiIhDLC nAlVC with beater until thoroughly pulverized.

cum C C Q ADDON 13 one continous apron, (not a % apron) therefore always ready to
CnULbOw Mr nun load. You don't ha veto drive a certain distance to pull it back
into position after each load or wind it back by hand; it is a great advantage in making long hauls.
TIJCDC |C NO OEADINO about our Endless Apron to break and cause trouble,
inCIlk I w li U U E.M n I n U it is always up out of the way of obstructions as it
does not extend below axle. Spreads evenly from start to finish and cleans out perfectly clean.
UOOO ANO UNO DATE keeps manure away from beater while loading; pre-
flUUU HHU CHU UM I C vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch
when starting and acts as wind shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated
while in motion to spread thick or thin, 3 to 25 loads per acre.

IftUT ODACT hecause the load is nearly equally balanced on front and rear axles.
LI UVl I UflMr I The team is as near the load as it can work. Front and rear axles are
the same length and wheels track; beater shaft runs in ball and socket bearings, therefore no friction.
Beater is 23 inches in diameter, seat turns over when loading. Machine turnsin its own length.
CIMDI I PITY There are only two levers on our machine. One which raises the hood,
OimrLIUll I locks it and throws the machine in gear at the sair.9 time. It can then
be thrown in and out of gear without lowering th hcod. One lever which changes
feed to spread thick or thin, making it so simple that a boy who can drive a team can handle it.
CTDENCTU ANIi nilDADII ITV isoneof the most important points to be
Oincnuin MHU UUViMDILIII considered in a manure spreader. TbeGreat
Western lias a good, strong, durable wheel. Extra strong spoke and rim, heavy steel tires. Strong, well
braced box with heavy oak sill. Oak tongue, hickory doubletrees, malleable castings, gears and
sprockets all keyed on. Galvanized hood. Everypartismadeextrastrong.regardlessof cost. It is
made for the man w bo wants the best; made in four sizes, 30, 50, 70 and 100 bushel capacity.
DIIADANTEE Should any part break, wear out or get out of order within one year we
UUMIlHIl I EC replace free of charge. Send for free catalogue, showing latest improve¬
ments. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.

15 S. Clinton Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

FARMERS’ HANDY WAGON

with four inch
steel wheels.
Saves labor,
horse flesh
and repairs.
Tires neither
swell, shrink
nor run off.

STEEL WHEELS

Straight or Staggered Spokea.

The best repair foryour old wagon.
Made to tit any axle. Ail sizes.
Any width of tire. They earn their
cost on any farm. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFC. CO.,

Box 70 CQuIncy, III.

ELECTRIC hwacon

lasts that long under ordinary conditions. First the life
of a wagon depends upon the wheels. This one is
equipped with our F.IeetrlcSteel IV heels, with straight
or stagger spokes and wide tires. Wheels any height
from 24 to 60 in. It lasts because tires can’t get loose, no
re-setting, hubs can’t crack or spokes become loose, fel«
loes can’t rot, swell or dry out. Angle steel hounds.

THOUSANDS NO MIN DAILY USE.

Don’t ouy a wagon until you get our free book, “Farm Sarlnge.'*

ELLCtiilG WHEEL CO.. 88 Quincy. JUfc

ism

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

2l3

A WOMAN’S FARM NOTES.

QuAlity in Cream. — When we began
to produce cream for the market, we
thought we would buy a jar of the cream
kept in stores and compare it with our
own. The jar, when we got it, bore a
label which stated that the contents were
pure and had been Pasteurized. We ex¬
pected to find the cream of superior qual¬
ity, and we feared our own would suffer
by comparison. We tasted it. It was
sour, bitter, and had an indescribably
disagreeable taste. It may have been kept
too long in the stofe ; that would ac¬
count for the sourness, but it would not
excuse the bitter taste nor the other ob¬
jectionable flavors. Our own cream shone
by comparison. It was fine-flavored and
critical testing could find no unpleasant
taste. Now, a jar like what we bought
and one like ours bring exactly the same
price. That does not seem right. A su¬
perior product should bring a higher
price, and there must be many people who
would gladly pay it. Resides the question
of quality there is the healthfulness of
the product 10 be considered. One of
the State inspectors was talking with me
about the diseases of cattle, and he re¬
marked that he did not drink milk any
more unless he was personally acquaint¬
ed with the cows it came from. At the
time I thought him rather fussy, but
since then I have come to agree with
him. I saw a bad case of tuberculosis
once and I never shall forget what a
distressing sight it was. The cow died
of the disease. About a week before her
death her milk had been mixed with other
milk and sold. There are other cases
where diseased cows are overlooked by
careless inspectors, and their milk sold
to go to the cities. When one sees some
of the miserable specimens of “bologna”
cows going to the stock-yards and re¬
flects that milk from just such animals is
being sold every day, is it not enough to
make one hesitate to use milk one does
not know about? Then there are the
herds that are all right as to health, but
are kept in filthy, unventilated quarters
and never carded or brushed. Milk drawn
from cows under these conditions can¬
not be of good flavor, nor is it likely to
be if the cows are fed cabbage, turnips,
or city swill. The milk from diseased,
filthy, badly-fed cows goes into the city
or town and brings just the same price
as that from a clean, healthy, well-cared-
for herd. If the better class of cus¬
tomers could see the two sets of condi¬
tions, would they hesitate to pay two
or more cents a quart extra for the
clean, healthful product?

Value of High-Grade Goods. — One
who is ambitious cannot be satisfied to
do poor work or produce an inferior arti¬
cle, and if he takes pains and has a su¬
perior product, it is discouraging to get
no more for it than he would if he were
slovenly and unscrupulous. “The laborer
is worthy of his hire,” and it seems to
me that the way for such a man to do is
to make his product as perfect as possi¬
ble, advertise it thoroughly, and demand
the higher price that it is worth. It
would be up-hill work at first, for there
are many people who cannot tell a good
article from a poor one, and there are
others who like the good article, but are
not willing to pay any more for it than
for the poor. Still, persistent effort ought
to discover a class that is fastidious and
not parsimonious. One of the best ways
to advertise such a business would be
to invite inspection. If it were a dairy
product that was for sale, and everything
about the premises was neat and orderly,
and the cattle were clean and healthy, it
ought to be an impressive object lesson.
There are so many points where one may
fail in producing good milk, for exam¬
ple ; and failure at any one of these points
makes care in all the others go for noth¬
ing. In producing cream there are even
more chances for failure, and in butter
making most of all. In the line of mar¬
ket gardening it might be easier to get
good prices for a good article than in
dairy farming. There is an enormous
difference in the quality of vegetables, and
as some of the most perishable ones, such
as peas and sweet corn, are more in the
nature of luxuries than are staple prod¬
ucts, like milk and butter, it ought to
be easier to get a slightly higher price
for them. The producing of perfect vege¬
tables is not as exacting a business as the
highest class of dairying, but care needs
to be used in selecting varieties and in
getting the crop to the consumer in per¬
fect condition.

Co-operative Farming.— I notice the
question of A. B. C. as to whether co¬
operative farming would pay. It is my
opinion that it would not. I have never
seen it tried in the way he describes, but
I know that numan nature is the same
under all sorts of conditions, and that
such a combination would be likely to fail
for that very reason. Five men equally
capable and willing to work, each one

finxiouS to do his full share of the hard
labor, and each one honest and able to
see the other men’s side as well as his
own, might make a success of co-opera¬
tive farming, but when one reflects how
few men there are like that, it seems
rather doubtful about finding the five. We
Americans like to he our own masters,
and are jealous of our rights, so it is
easy to see that with five heads to this
concern the chances are that there would
be trouble. It is inevitable that there
would be some who would work harder
than others, and that would cause feeling.
Then, too, if some one of the departments
failed, the one at the head of that particu¬
lar branch would be blamed, and perhaps
unjustly so. In A. B. C.’s plan, one man
is to take charge of the stock, and an¬
other of the fruit growing. Now the lat¬
ter would have practically nothing
to do from October to April, while the
other man would have to he in the tread¬
mill every day in the year. This would
not be fair, and it would be almost impos¬
sible to adjust things satisfactorily. If
each one of these men is an expert in his
own particular department, why should he
not buy a farm especially suited to his
needs and run it the best he can? I fail
to see the benefit of combining.

SUSAN DROWN ROBBINS.

L. E. OKTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Gor.DK v Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

„ A tew choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
8T REAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
FIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTKS.

HT Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Flains, N. Y.

I WHITE SPRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6246 and BLUE BLOOD, No G'-ilO.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanle 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie. 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Klorham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretla 3d, 508. 4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair lor 1904 comprised 13
first ami second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorkkr in writing.

Note. 15 choice t to year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to $300, also several mature bulls.

Separators

We want you to know Tubular
Cream Separators as they are.

j The low can, enclosed gears
and ease of turning are shown in
this illustration
from life. Tubu¬
lars have neither
oil cups, tubes,
nor holes — they
oil themselves.

Th-y have bowls
without compli¬
cated inside parts
— they h Id the
world’s record
for clean skimming, durability,
capacity, ea~y urnin^ and easy
I washing. They save half the
work— greatly increase the
amount and quality of but¬
ter— are wholly unlike all
other separators. Catalog H-153
will interest and benefit you.
Write for it.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

J. S . KEMI>’S

20 CENTURY MANURE SPREADER

( \ r\

■V- :

ftlA* UrtfA OH WHU. IN ACTUM. OvtftATKJH.

THE FARMER’S MONEY MAKER

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of gro’tnd it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company
Newark Valley. N. Y. Waterloo. Iowa. ,

JOHNSTON MOWER N0.9

A Chain Drive

Mower That Meets
Every Condition of Grass
or Ground

Made in a
'Variety of Sizes

Cuts any kind of grass, on any kind of ground.
There’s scarcely a condition that its wide range
of adjustments will not meet to perfection. Easy
on the horses— easy on the driver. A combination
of greatest strength, lightest possible draft,
smoothest cutting and wearing qualities that has
won a host of farmer friends. Its roller bearings-
long, wood pitman — babbitted pitman box— cutting
apparatus that will not clog — evenly divided
draft— a perfect foot lift, are points worth
considering. Our free Mower Folder fully
explains and illustrates these
superior advantages— tells how it meets
every need with least labor and power.
They are points you ought to know before
buying a mower and it costs but a postal to
get them. Send today and we will send with
folder our general catalog showing all
the Johnston farm implements — the
Grand Prize line ut St. Louis.

The Johnston Harvester Go.
Box G-1 Batavia, N.Y.

fi^

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, hut our prices
are no higher than others. It' your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal., and London, Canada

NO BOY OR GIRL LABORERS EMPLOYED

Spilt Hickory Vehicle* are made by experienced, skilled work¬
men, who spent years in learning their trade, and who know how to
construct and finish the very highest grade of vehicles.

Our Famous 1905 Split Hickory

Special Top Buggy

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO

SOLD ON 30 DAYS
_ FREE USE PLAN

We don’t employ inexperienced boys in our shop, nor
th ree-dol I ar-u- week girls, to trim our buggies, as do
some cheap mail-order houses, who advertise no¬
account bugggies.

Split Hickory Vehicles have n world’s reputation
to sustain and they are sustaining it. They are made
to order and sold on SO Days Free Cse Plan. With
each vehicle goes a two-years iron-clad guarantee.
You should know more about Split Hickory Vehicles
before you buy. W e want to send you our 192-page 1906
Catalogue, which 1 a free. Write for it at once.

(H. O. Phelps, Pres.) Station 290

21

years'
experience
building
high-grade
vehicles

OUR *50 CHALLENGE

TOP BUGGY is without question the greatest value ever
offered. We Challenge Any Factory in the World to
Produce Its Equal for $50. Sold on thirty days’ free
trial and a two years’ written guaranty furnished
vith every buggy. Highest grade material,
^killed workmanship, correct style, beautiful
finish, lightrunning, strictly “A” grade through¬
out. Cut this ad out, write for free vehicle
catalogue to-day, telling you all about this won-
, derful offer. We own and operate the largest
vehicle factory in the world. CONSUMERS CAR¬
RIAGE & MFG. CO., 2379 State St., Chicago, 111.

LENDS ITSELF TO ALL CONDITIONS

The Kraus Pivot-Axle Cultivator is adapted to all condi¬
tions of soil — level or hilly country. Always under complete
control of operator and obeys the slightest touch of rider's
foot, turning to right or left independent of team.

THE KRAUS CULTIVATOR

is the pioneer Pivot- Axle Cultivator combining a simul¬
taneous lateral movement of wheels and shovels. It is sim¬
plest In construction, easiest of operation and most efficient
cultivator built. Don’t waste a man’s time when a boy can do ,
the work. Our catalog illustrates the parts and shows exactly why
and how It saves time, labor and money. If your dealer does
not handle the Kraus, do not accept a substitute. Write us.
The Akron Cultivator Co., Dept. 18, Akron, O

UNEVEN
GROUND

2l4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 11,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collingwood, Kditor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, /. As„oclttte8
Mrs. K. T. Kovi,e, t Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8% marks, or 10*4 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Borrowing money with no intention of paying is a
vicious practice into which many young men fall. They
take advantage of the good nature of business associa-
ates, who dislike to refuse the loan of a dollar or two,
when asked as a special accommodation, even though
they never expect to see it again. Such holdups, while
an injustice to the lender, work far greater injury to
the borrower, as they engender habits of selfishness and
extravagance seldom got rid of. Debt is excusable when
working capital is needed, but never to provide luxuries
or even personal comforts for oneself.

*

You will remember that Hon. Thomas C. Platt, in his
famous letter about the parcels post (see page 154)
used the following words :

“Very likely, some time — perhaps after I am dead —
this subject may become one for thorough considera¬
tion.”

We find people who accept this statement as meaning
that Senator Platt will oppose a parcels post as long as
he lives. We think that must be a mistake. The Sen¬
ator merely thinks the question is a small one because
comparatively few people have given him their views.
It will be a real kindness to Senator Platt if you let
him know how you stand on this question. By all
means send him a letter at Washington and tell him
you want a parcels post !

*

The Supreme Court has clinched another legal nail
in the anti-trust campaign. The State of Texas passed
an “anti-trust” law prohibiting combinations designed to
prevent competition. Various oil companies combined
to hold the price paid for cotton seed at a fixed rate.
Another company was formed to work in connection
with the oil companies — one to buy the seed at a fixed
rate, and the other to sell the cotton-seed meal back
to the farmers as a fertilizer. Thus the farmers were
held tip at both ends. The State of Texas brought
suit against these oil companies to cancel their licenses
because they violated the State law. The State won,
but the case was carried up to the highest court, which
now declares that the State has the right to prevent
such restraint of trade inside its territory as will injure
its citizens. Thus inch by inch the courts are building
the rights of the people. We must understand that
these decisions alone do not settle the matter. They
only give the authorities a chance to do their duty. It
is for the people to insist that this duty is done.

*

Now and then some one comes forward to wonder
why legislators are so shy about passing anti-dog laws.
Such people cannot realize bow strong the dog is as
a political factor. It has ever been so. Even in the
French Revolution, when the people killed their king,
upset the state, and did their best to abolish what the
church stood for, they held back from the slaughter of
dogs. It is reported that Santerre, who commanded the
National Guard, thought that while they were killing
noble and ignoble men and women the time was ripe
for killing stray dogs and cats. The people forced him
to back down. They went on killing humans by the
hundred, but insisted that life should be kept in the

dogs. Much the same spirit, or at least an echo of it,
is found in every State or township in the country.
“It doesn't make much difference,” says the average
voter, "whether you love me, but you have got to love
my dog.” The legislator who loves his office usually
ends by dodging the dog. We have collected facts about
the dog laws in the various States which will startle
some readers when they are printed.

*

Every year some one starts up the old discussion of
the advantages of locating a laundry at the creamery
where milk or cream is brought. It is claimed that this
is a central point where steam is available for washing.
We have never found much enthusiasm for the plan
even among manufacturers of laundry machinery. Chas.
Howell Cook, of New Jersey, who is interested in nearly
30 creameries, gives the following opinion:

The subject of a laundry in conjunction with a cream¬
ery has been brought lo my attention. The thoughts of it
are most distasteful, and they are diametrically opposite,
should not, in my opinion, be anywhere near together under
any consideration. The practical plan, and one which I am
now considering, is having one at a central point so that
people when they go to the creamery can bring their laun¬
dry at the same time, having it on a basis that will enable
the farmers to avail themselves of it, relieving the fam¬
ily of a very large amount of labor, and putting it at a
price that would pay them to do it rather than hire the
help, if they can. although now it is almost impossible for
them to do so. Such a condition, with telephones, and free
rural delivery, would, in my opinion, nearly bring the
“ideal” conditions for our agricultural community.

I he last time we had this up the general opinion was
that most farmers were not enthusiastic over a pub¬
lic laundry because it will not bring in any new money.
It will really prove an expense — saving work for the
women rather than money for the men.

*

Long Island people are up in arms against the Long
Island Railway Company, and making a brave fight for
their rights. Thousands of poor people who work in the
city have built homes on the Island — some of them pay¬
ing. in installments. They have a right to fair railroad
service, but it is safe to say that the Long Island Rail¬
road gives them poorer service than any other road
reaching New York. Having a monopoly, with com¬
petition from other steam roads crushed out, this com¬
pany furnishes poor cars, slow engines with frequent
changes and delays. Not content with this, the com¬
pany actually increases its rates until they are in some
cases 30 per cent higher than those on other roads.
For example, the cost of an annual ticket to Mineola
is $105.48, while on the New York Central the cost to
White Plains is $70.20. Think of what it means to
compel a workingman to pay $25 or $30 extra for a
year’s travel ! The Railroad Company defend them¬
selves by saying that increased expenses demand in¬
creased rates. Many of these expenses are due to costly
experiments, unnecessary officers with big salaries.
This railroad policy will stop the business growth of
the Island, and discourage worthy people who built
homes there in good faith. The saddest part of it is
that local newspapers, who ought to champion the cause
of the people, are silent because they arc afraid they
will lose their free passes! Shame on the papers who
will play the part of Judas for a free pass! There is a
bill before the Legislature at Albany which will compel
the Long Island Railroad Company to give a fair rate.

Help the people of Long Island to push it through!

*

A friend asks whether it is possible to gather wild
violets at the South in February and March, and ship
them to the New York market at a profit. We are
obliged to negative such a proposition very emphati¬
cally; these scentless native violets, pale in color and
often short or weak in stem, cannot at any time com¬
pete with the glasshouse product. At the time the
question was asked fragrant double violets sold at
wholesale in New York for 25 to 40 cents a hundred,
and as they were increasing in supply every day ( for
the bright, sunny days of February and March always
make violets bloom very freely), it can be seen that the
woodland flower is crowded out. In May we often see
nearby wild violets sold on the street for five cents a
bunch, together with the marsh marigold or swamp
buttercup, but these do not compete in any sense with
florists’ flowers. At the present time outdoor Spring
flowers from the South have not made a great im¬
pression on northern markets, though there seems no
reason why some of the bulbs, such as Narcissus,
should not be produced, say in Georgia and the Caro-
linas, just as the Channel Islands and the south of
France produce them for London and Paris. But to
sell in a critical market these flowers must be of per¬
fect finish, and many outdoor flowers do not come up
to these requirements. Transportation charges are
high, and delays mean ruin to this perishable stock.
In England or in France flowers are sent all over the
country by parcels post, to the great convenience of
shippers. If you are interested in shipping flowers
cheaply, 'why not ask a few pointed questions about
parcels post, addressing Hon. Thos. C. Platt, Washing¬
ton, D. C.

“Do not permit the agitation of this vital topic to
cease,” says the manufacturer who writes on page 199
about fence wire. lie may rest assured that it will not
cease until farmers have a chance to buy guaranteed
wire. We have been astonished at the way people have
entered the discussion. Here is a letter from a Penn¬
sylvania reader:

As to fence wire, could not the companies making the
wire determine upon certain specifications that would in¬
sure good wire somewhat as they now do for structural
steel? I.et a deviation from standard size of over a cer¬
tain small amount in any part of a roll he a sufficient
cause for its rejection ; similarly let a certain tensile
strength with a certain elongation before rupture be re¬
quired for each size of wire; a certain bending test would
also he necessary, and certain conditions as to galvan¬
izing and corrosion could he required, making the State
experiment stations the umpire to whom any wire which the
farmer suspected could be referred, and making their de¬
cisions final. Then those who wanted the cheap wire
could get it, while these demanding good wire would know
that a roll bearing the brand of a responsible steel com¬
pany was good, or if not they would have to remove it
at their cost and replace it with good material As to
nails, I think a similar series of tests could be arranged,
with great advantage to all users. h. j. m.

That is exactly the principle we are contending for.
First, there must be a standard — what metal, what size,
and what form of galvanizing will give the most durable
wire? Knowing this, we can buy our wire or reject it
on the statement of the experiment stations, just as
we now buy our fertilizers. The Government, when it
buys steel plate, or the large builder when be buys
structural steel, can hire chemists to do this testing.
The farmer must have such work done for him, as it
is now done with fertilizers and foods. That is the
living principle in all this discussion. Such work will
benefit both manufacturer and consumer.

*

They have had an experience with a cannery com¬
pany at Danbury, Conn., that is worth putting on rec¬
ord. Representatives of the company came to Danbury,
and in the usual way called for subscriptions of stock.
A large amount of stock was subscribed for, and farmers
met to talk the matter over. After some talk a
committee was appointed to go to New Milford and
examine a canning factory located there. This commit¬
tee, after an investigation, made a report, a portion of
which follows — taken from The Evening News:

We inspected the plant with some of the directors and
found the building and equipment very crude and poorly
constructed; the roof leaks badly and already needs re¬
pairing. The engine is almost worthless and is not. fit for
use this season without repairing expenses. We found
that most of the farmers feel dissatisfied with the prices
that they got for their produce, and as yet have been but
partly paid, and that the directors were compelled to in¬
dorse their personal notes for $8,000 for ready cash with
which to operate the plant, and have taken a mortgage
on the plant to protect themselves. We found further that
Messrs. Disbrow and Merchant have interviewed a number
of farmers and found considerable dissatisfaction. We
found that the New Milford Company has a quantity of
canned goods in storage, the estimated value being approxi¬
mately $8,000, which, if they can sell, would probably hut
release the mortgage.

The result was that the meeting “resolved” that all
business relations between the farmers and the cannery
company “be and are severed.” The farmers should
resolve to stick to their resolution. Of course the pro¬
moters claim that they can collect their money — holding
that their contracts for stock are as binding as notes.
There are very few cases in the history of such a trans¬
action where such contracts can be collected. The far¬
mers should take the position that they do not care to
build now, and will wait until they are ready. But
why did they not investigate before they signed any
contracts ?

BREVITIES.

The cement question is a solid one.

People are still asking what water glass is.

At last we have a fair report on the experiment of poking
a powder into a tree to kill insects and cure disease.

Of course you will make a special point of preserving that
big Horticultural Number of The R. N.-Y. Just think how
many practical questions it will answer for you during the
year !

Ax average sample of apple pomace contains about half
as much nitrogen and one-fourth as much potash as average
stable manure. The phosphoric acid is hardly worth con¬
sidering. The pomace could be used for mulching apple
trees.

The U. S. Department of Agriculture has just issued Bul¬
letin No. 56, Nomenclature of the Apple, a catalogue of the
known varieties referred to in American publications from
1804 to 1904, compiled by W. II. Ragan. This bulletin con¬
tains 383 pages, and forms a very valuable reference work.

Ix a recent speech in support of pure food legislation.
Senator Stewart asserted that much of the “fresh meat”
served in Washington hotels has been five years in cold
storage. This is not very reassuring, when we think how
quickly such food becomes dangerous after removal from
refrigeration.

We recently pictured some so-called “Fancy Baldwins”
that came out of a barrel of apples bought in Florida. Here
is one result of that sale : “Since then we haven’t ordered
any more, although we crave for them ; there hasn't been
any in town either since. I haven’t ascertained why ; any¬
way it's six barrels of apples that miss being eaten in this
place every week.” That is part of what you get by selling
bogus goods.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

2l5

Events of the Week. -

DOMESTIC.— February 20 an explosion of after-damp in
a coal mine at Virginia City, Ala., buried 110 men, all of
whom were killed. ... An explosion in a coal mine at
Gar, W. Va., February 2(1, caused the death of 23 men. . . .
The worst lire ever known in New Orleans, entailing a loss
in excess of $5,000,000, started February 2(1 at the docks
and wharves of the Illinois Central Railroad, known as the
Stuyvesant Docks, - occupying nearly a mile front on the
Mississippi River, in the very center of the city. The docks
were built six years ago and named in honor of Stuyvesant
Fish, president of the Illinois Central. They were the finest
freight terminals in the South, and handled more than half
the grain trade of New Orleans and nearly half the total
commerce of the port. The loss is conlined almost wholly to
the railroad and the freight in its warehouses awaiting ship¬
ment to Europe. . . . Hot Springs, Ark., was visited by

a disastrous fire February 25, entailing a loss of $2,000,000,
and causing the death of five persons. . . . The

California State Senate February 27 by a unanimous vote
expelled Senators Wright, French. Emmons and Bunkers for
accepting bribes. Wright made an appeal for mercy, declar¬
ing that he was innocent, but bis words were without effect.
Emmons is sick with appendicitis and may die. These four
men were convicted of accepting $350 each to give immunity
from prosecution to several building and loan and get-rich-
quick concerns. The whole scheme of bribery was planned
by the Continental Building and Loan Company, which
adopted this method of exposing the venality of the Senate
committee in charge of investigating the company and other
concerns. Four Senators fell into the trap, and the con¬
fession of the go-between who gave them the money com¬
pleted the case against them. . . . Just as the funeral

service of a negro musician was beginning February 27 in
the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, in Fleet
street, near Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., the floor of the
chapel, on the second floor, crowded with mourners, gave
way. Of the 400 or more persons who were hurled down¬
ward with tremendous force and jammed together on the floor
of the Sunday School room below. 11 were killed and at least
40 were injured. ... A. L. Horton, a negro post¬
master at Way Station, M'adison County. Miss., makes the
charge that he is being held in peonage by the l’ost Office
Department. Horton has frequently attempted to resign, but
the l’ost Office Department refused to accept the resignation
for the reason that no other person can be found willing to
take the office. The negro asserts that the Postmaster
General is holding him in involuntary servitude, and that
lie is losing money by serving as postmaster.

ADMINISTRATION. — The House Committee on Agricul¬
ture authorized February 15 a favorable report on the Lover¬
ing bill to prohibit interstate transportation of insect pests,
and the use of the United States mails for that purpose.
The pests mentioned in the bill are the Gypsy moth, the
Brown-tail moth, the Leopard moth, the Plum curculio and
the Hop plant-louse. A fine of $5,000 and imprisonment at
hard labor for live years are made the penalty for violating
the provisions of the bill. . . . The Government of the

United States lias called upon the Russian Government for
an explanation of a serious breach of international good
faith on the part of officers of the Russian cruiser Lena,
which sought refuge in the harbor of San Francisco last
September. The Lena was dismantled and sent to the Mare
Island Navy Yard, while her officers were paroled for the
period of war and her crew placed under the surveillance
of Government officials. Through naval officers at Mare
Island the authorities have learned that three officers of the
Lena, an engineer and two midshipmen, have broken their
parole and an investigation of the State Denartment has
disclosed that they have returned to Russia and offered their
services to their Government. . . . President Roosevelt

has directed Commissioner of Corporations Garfield to begin
an immediate investigation of the operations of the Standard
Oil Company in Kansas. The President's action was taken
on representations made to him by Representative Campbell,
of Kansas, author of the resolution which was passed by the
House requesting the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to
investigate “the' cause or causes of the low price of crude oil
or petroleum in the United States, especially in the Kansas
fields." ... A clause inserted by the Senate Committee
of the Indian Appropriation bill has aroused the opposition
of the Osage Indians. It directs the payment of $180,000
to the executors of the late C. N. Vann and William I*.
Adair, being an alletred balance due the persons named for
services in securing the defeat of a treaty in the early seven-
ties. It is asserted that a contract was made by the Osage
National Council with Vann and Adair under which they
were to he paid $230,000 for their services. W. T. Leahv
and Julian Trumbly, delegates of the Osage Indians, have
addressed a petition to the President and to Congress which
declares: “This is a fictitious, fabricated claim, not one
cent of which does the Osage tribe of Indians justly owe.
It is a fraud most Infamous, and of the deepest dye. It Is
a dastardly attempt to filch from the Osae-e trust funds
$180,000 under false pretenses." It is alleged by the Osage
delegates that there was never passed by the Osage Council
such a resolution as that, on which the claim for the pay¬
ment of $180,000 is based. . . . Two pending Philippine
tariff bills have apparently become confused in the public
mind. Their present status is this: The bill affecting the
rates on Imports from the Philippines to this country has
been reported by the Ways and Means Committee. It pro¬
vides for 25 per cent of the Dingley duties on sugar and
tobacco, all other items free. There is a remote possibility
that this measure will pass the House, but none whatever
that it will be considered by the Senate. The second bill is
concerned with imports into the Philippines from all coun¬
tries. It was drawn by the Philippine Commission, and its
most important change is a reduction of the duties on agri¬
cultural machinery. It was approved by Secretary Taft and
passed by the House. The Senate committee has authorized
a favorable report on the House bill, and Mr. Lodge will
endeavor to get a vote in the tipper chamber before the end
of the session. Ilis success is dependent upon chance, and
the finding of a favorable opening in the crowded calendar.

FARM AND GARDEN. — A pure milk bill made its ap¬
pearance in the New York State Assembly February 1(5. be¬
ing introduced by Mr. Cowan. Republican, of Delaware. It
provides that less than 3 3-10 per centum of fat shall con¬
stitute adulterated milk. The present fat standard is three
per cent. Three bills introduced by Senator Ambler at the
request of the State Department of Agriculture amending the
laws in regard to the sale of “bob" veal, and butter and
milk inspection, were reported favorablv Februarv 22 by the
Senate Committee on Agriculture. The committee gave a
hearing March 1 on Senator M’alby’s hill amending the law
providing for compensation for diseased farm animals de¬
stroyed.

The annual meeting of the Ohio Dairymen’s Association
was held at Salem, O.. March 7-8, and local meetings will he
Held at Chardon, March 9, and at Jefferson, March 10.

THE GOSPEL OF GOOD CORN.

The daily papers have told remarkable stories of the work
done by Prof. P. G. Holden, of the Iowa Agricultural Col¬
lege, in educating farmers so that thev will take greater
pains in selecting seed corn. Our readers speak in the high¬
est terms of Prof. Holden’s work. One of them, S. T. Per¬
kins. sends us a statement from a local paper of Prof.
Holden's talk. Here are extracts from it:

SELECTING SEED EARS. — -When harvesting seed corn
close attention should be paid to the selection of the seed
ears. In the field, however, the farmer cannot make as
careful a selection as he can after the ears have dried out
thoroughl v. The selecting and grading of the seed in the
Spring should not be left until the rush of Spring begins.
If left until then there is danger that the work will be hur¬
riedly done. If is best to do the selecting in Februarv or
early March. At this time corn is thoroughly dry and the
farmer has more leisure time than at any other period. To
select well one should have plenty of room and work slowly
and carefully. The first step is to lay the ears out in rows
on planks or tables, or If these are not available they may
he laid on the floor. Then ..ie best ear should he selected
and with this in hand, or a more perfect ear In mind, the
rows of ears should he gone over and all ears discarded that
do not conform to the ideal in size, shape, color or uniform¬
ity of kernels. When the fa ul tv ears, as judged from out¬
ward appearances, have been discarded, two or three ker¬

nels should be taken out of each remaining ear and laid
germ side up in front of the ear from which they were
taken. Then with an ideal kernel iu mind, or better, with
one in hand, the ears should be gone over again and those
kernels which do not conform to the ideal should be dis¬
carded. In yellow corn any mixed kernels should be taken
out before shelling, as they are more easily seen on the ear.
In white corn they should be left until the ear is shelled, as
they are more readily seen then. This process of selection
will greatly reduce the number of ears. For this reason one
should gather two or three times as much seed in the Fall
as he has any intention of using.

TESTING SEED CORN. — After the seed ears have been
carefully selected as to character of both ear and kernel
each ear should be tested for germination. Testing eacli
ear separately seems at first too big a task to undertake
but experience shows it to be practicable. The following
plan has proven very satisfactory : The ears are first laid
out on a table or floor. By driving nails after each tenth
ear it will only be necessary to number the first set of
10 ears. When this has been done, remove one kernel from
near the butt, middle and tip of ear. Turn the ear over,
and remove three kernels in like manner from the opposite
side, making six kernels in all, thus securing a sample from
the entire ear. Place the six kernels at the end from which
they were taken. Be careful that, the kernels do not get
mixed with the kernels from the ear lying next to it. Take
a shallow box about two by three feet in size, put several
inches of moist sand, dirt or sawdust in the bottom, place
over this a cloth which has l>een ruled off into squares
one and one-half inch each way, numbers one, two, three
and so on. Place the kernels from ear No. 1 in square No.
1, from ear No. 2 in square No. 2 and so on with all the
ears. Always place the kernels germ side up, as this makes
it easier to see just, how strong the germination of each
kernel really is. Now place over this a cloth considerably
larger than the box, cover with one and one-halt' to two
inches of sand, earth or sawdust, moisten well, keep in a
warm place, and the kernels will germinate in from three
to five days. When sufficient time has been allowed for the
kernels to germinate remove the cover carefully to avoid
misplacing the kernels. (A piece of cheese cloth placed on
the kernels before top covering is put on will prevent the
kernels from sticking in the cloth.) Examine the kernels in
the first row of the germinating box. For example, if the
kernels in squares Nos. 4. 8, 13 and 20 have failed to grow
or show weak germination, ears Nos. 4, 8, 13 and 20 on
the floor should be rejected. Do not fail to remove the
ears showing weak germination. If the ground is cold and
the weather unfavorable in the Spring these kernels will rot,
or if thev grow at all will produce weak plants. The above
method is inexpensive, and germination boxes can be pre¬
pared for testing any amount of corn required.

COTTON AND WOOL PRICES.

Will the present low price of cotton affect the wool market?

We do not consider that the size of the cotton crop will
have any serious effect upon the (trice of wool. The large
consumption of mercerized cotton in men's-wear goods will
tend to lessen the demand for wool in so far as it takes
the place of that commodity. h. c. judd & root.

Hartford, Conn.

It is our opinion that this will have very little effect
on wool values from the fact that those making mixed
goods are now using as large a percentage of cotton as
possible. The fact is that wools are now worth 33 per
cent more than when cotton was selling for double its
present price. the p. m’uraw worn, co.

Allegheny, Pa.

Our opinion is that neither cotton nor wool affect each
other as far as prices go. It is supply and demand that
regulates the wool market, and while the manufacturer may
adulterate some goods when wool gets high by adding more
cotton we do not think it likely to change the price much ;
in fact we think that during the free wool period the
manufacturers in the United States adulterated all -that it
was possible to do in the way of substitutes.

Philadelphia, Pa. Henderson & co.

In reference to the influence on the price of wool in sym¬
pathy with the fall in cotton, as far as our experience has
gone, the two commodities have no relation to one another
with regard to price. During the late rise in cotton, when
it went to 17 cents per pound, wool was probablv 25 per
cent lower than it is to-dav. The great rise in cotton had
no effect on the price, and we see none to-day now that
cotton is on a low basis. There seems to be no connection
between them whatever with regard to price; each article is
affected by the supply and demand.

Philadelphia, Pa. Cunningham & seal.

A NORTHERN MAN’S FLORIDA NOTES.

The Florida trip and proposed farming experiment in that
soil and climate of the Hope Farm man awakens recollec¬
tions of two or three garden experiments of my own during
the past 20 years iu. three different localities in that same
State. I found it difficult to obtain definite information as
to growing crops, largely. I think, because the crops I
wanted to try, which were my specialties here at the
North, had not then been grown much there. Besides, there
seemed to be a fear on the part of the farmers of “giving
away” something, as is usually the case with those who
know the least about growing any crop. That same char-
acteristic is seen in the North, hut is confined mostly also
to those who know much less than thev themselves think
they know. I began on a small scale, knowing that I could
learn my first lesson as to soil and climate just as well
on a few hundred plants as on a hundred acres, and the
tuition would cost less. I soon learned some things t Ha t
"couldn’t be did" — especially in trying to grow crops there
in the open in the Winter season that we grow under glass
at the North with artificial heat in Winter. While the
days were warm enough, the nights woVe too cool for our
tender greenhouse-grown crops, like cucumbers. Lettuce
requiring only a night temperature of 40 to 45 degrees will
grow finely there on the right kind of soil and for one
who knows just how to do it. But some of Florida’s Win¬
ters are too warm for good lettuce growing, as lettuce will
not head up well except in cool weather. Again, these un¬
certain blizzards are liable to sweep across the State and
utterly ruin in a night all your well-grown lettuce, some¬
times even that covered with cotton canvas, and sometimes
ruin even the cabbage crop. Five Winters and one Sum¬
mer when there I was laboriously diligent in studying the
soil and climate, the latter with the help of Government
bulletins from the Weather Bureau at Washington, D. C.,
as to the daily temperature and rainfall at 37 different sta¬
tions in the State of Florida.

My last two trips, 1895-6 and 1896-7, I traveled over one
thousand miles inside the State each Winter. I went for
every lettuce and vegetable grower that I could hear of, and
sat on the fence — figuratively speaking, for Florida uses
barbed wire for fence — and watched the other fellows do
it. It was cheaper to see them make the mistakes than to
make them myself. The vegetable growing for northern
shipment is mostly on the rich hard-wood, or “hammock"
soil. There is also some good pine land for vegetable grow¬
ing, sugar growing, or almost any other crop desired. I ha-e
walked over thousands and tens of thousands of acres of the
best soil that I could find in the State. I learned some pecul¬
iarities about Florida soil and climate that may be of use to
you in your experiments there. Florida soil, whether pine
or hammock, is apt to be “spotted.” as they term it. That
is, the soil, looking precisely the same in every square foot,
is as wide as the antipodes in its productive capacity.
Your onions, cabbages, lettuce, beets or any other vegeta¬
ble may grow as vigorous, and handsome as could be de¬
sired in one spot, and perhaps not 10 feet away in the
same row they would scarcely grow at all. No difference
can be seen in the color or quality of the soil, and the
owner can assure you there is no difference in the quantity
or quality of fertilizer used. An acre or a four-acre field
may grow as fine lettuce as was ever seen, and just over
the fence in the next field of equally good-looking soil it
will not grow at all — or so poorly, that it would be waste
of time and fertilizer to trv it. In sandy, pine land some
spots exist called “sand-sinks." where nothing will grow
with all the manure that can be applied. I would scarcely
dare buy or cultivate a piece of ground until I had seen

a crop grow on it. Again, the Winters in Florida, espe¬
cially the middle and southern part, are apt to dry. From
January to June at Tampa l had no occasion to spread my
umbrellaiexcept as a sunshade). Sometimes a little shower
might last a few minutes, and then all is clear again. But
when the rainy season sets in don't, forget your umbrella
if you are only going to the post office a half mile away,
and not a cloud to be seen. The dry Winters suggest a
probable error of Charlie's proposed method of applying
his fertilizer a little at a time. Whether it would do for
potatoes I cannot say, but I should fear not. For straw¬
berries it would be almost fatal in Florida. Scattering fer¬
tilizer on top of the ground coaxes the rootlets up near the

surface, and the long dry weather is almost as sure to dry

up and kill the plants. I have seen them so killed after

berries had begun to ripen, and green ones enough to make
a whole quart on a single plant, all dried up. If the fertil¬
izer is put deep down below the roots before planting, a
good crop will result, close beside those that dried up and
died by the other treatment. s. h. record.

Massachusetts.

TAXES IN TENNESSEE. — Our State, Tenn., has been
badly in debt ever since the Civil War, and is not out yet,
but reducing the debt gradually. We are behind many States
in educational advantages, and have been making special
efforts for two years to improve them, and now have a school
fund guaranteed to run our public schools about six months
in the year, which is nearly double former terms. I am
glad to say that we have no saloons in Tennessee except in
the large cities, viz., Memphis, Nashville, Jackson. Chatta¬
nooga and Knoxville, but some whiskey is shipped to small
towns in jugs by express to individuals, and some illicit
“stills” in the mountains are doing a small business on the
sly. We had a law that proffibited the sale of liquor within
four miles of a church or schoolhouse except in incorporated
towns. 'I his was called the “Four-Mile law.” and our last
Legislature extended it to all small cities, and after nearly
two years’ trial we are well pleased with its results. Our
January court has just announced our tax rate for 1905 •
it is as follows: State, 35 cents; county, 32 cents; school’
45 cents: roads, 10 cents; poorhouse, 7 ‘cents ; special 6
cents; total, $1.35 on each $100 of assessed property and
$2 for each poll. Our railroad and iron and coal companies
and telephone companies pay over half of this, and farmers
are prosperous. K , „

Dayton, Tenn.

1 'Y/\ hay.e had a mighty snug Winter, a good twin to
1.103-4. Mercury went to 18 below one night. the reals
tering thermometer said that: 14 below was the lowest seen
Stock is doing well, and those who have fed Iambs are wear¬
ing their hats on side of head. We have about 400 Win¬
ter lambs, and are doing finely: prices are and have been
good. Orchards are looking well, and peach buds so far

Sa*ri „ - . j. S. WOODWARD.

Niagara Co., N. 1.

BUSINESS BITS .

The Johnston Harvester Company of Batavia, N Y has
the distinction of having been awarded the Grand Brize for
its exhibit at St. Louis, and may feel justly proud of its
achievement. 1 he Johnston line includes grain and corn
binders, mowers, header, rake, tedder, disk harrows and disk
cultivators. A good line of the excellence and utilitv of
these machines may be obtained from the 1905 catalogue
issued by the Johnston Harvester Company. This hook" is
most artistically prepared, beautifully illustrated and worthy
of a place on the center table. It will be mailed free to
anyone who will address the Johnson Harvester Comnanv
Batavia, N. Y., requesting the same. .

The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co. have always held strictly to
the lines of straightforward business policy. Thev keen
their vehicles up to the highest standard of- Split Hickory
Quality always, regardless of competition. We have carried
the advertisements of the Ohio Carriage Mfg Co in our
columns for years and have never had a complaint from a
single subscriber. Those of our readers who think of buy¬
ing a buggy or a vehicle of any kind, should send for a
free copy of their beautiful 1905 catalogue, containing 192
pages, and showing their entire line of split hickory vehi¬
cles and oak tanned harness. A postal card request will
bring it. Address The Ohio Carriage Mfg Co 1C II
Phelps, Pres.), Station 290, Cincinnati, O. ...

We are frequently asked to advise readers in regard to the
choice of a feed mill. To get the right mill is important,
chat there are different degrees of excellence in feed grind¬
ers, as in all other makes of machinery, cannot be doubted
Naturally we cannot be conversant with the good qualities
of all the mills. We can refer to a mill which, upon the un¬
broken testimony of users covering a period of nearly 40
years, will be in every wav satisfactory. We refer to the
Quaker City made by Straub & Co., of Philadelphia. When
a feed mill continues on the market for almost forty years
with increasing sales all the while, there must be those
qualities in it which fit it for feeder's use. The Quaker City¬
's built in eight sizes, running from one to twenty horse
power. There is no question in our judgment that anyone
about to buy a feed mill would be serving their own Interests
by corresponding with the Straub Company before placing an
order. The company maintains offices both in Philadelphia
and Chicago. Catalogue and full particulars can be had bv
writing to either place.

The time Is certainly approaching when practically every
farmer in t He land will own a manure spreader, just as he
now owns a twine binder or harvesting machine of some
kind. The experiment stations and the best, farmers from
every section endorse their use. This much in substantiation
of our first statement. The manufacturers of the Great
Western Endless Apron M’anure Spreader lay claim to points
of superiority in its construction which seem to us to he
well founded. As its name implies, this is the only manure
spreader equipped with, and possessing the advantages of the
endless apron. Stated simply, this means that the slat web
which holds the load and which carries it gradually hack
to the beater in the rear is continuous. This means further
that the machine is ever ready to load — that is, it does not
need to he turned back into a special position before the ma¬
chine can he loaded. This certainlv is a very positive ad¬
vantage and one which saves much time, annoyance and
danger of breakage. We suggest that all those of our read¬
ers who are in any way interested in manure spreaders write
at once to the manufacturers for their illustrated and de¬
scriptive catalogue. Address the Smith Manure Spreader
Co., 16-18 S. Clinton Street, Chicago. ’

Every farmer wants to get his field in the best possible
condition at sowing time. Other things being equal the
bettor the seed 1>ed the better start the plants will make
The desire to have the ground properly prepared for sowing
and planting has caused farmers to welcome the Acme pul¬
verizing harrow, advertised elsewhere, which, perhaps better
than any other, accomplishes this purpose. It is a riding
harrow, and this makes a strong appeal to farmers as it
does away with one of the most slavish pieces of work on
the farm. The clods are crushed, and its backward sloped,
peculiar-shaped coulters cut under, stir, turn and level the
ground. It is not a harrow for a special purpose, but for
all purposes. It does all that, any other harrow will do and
does it to better purpose. The manufacturer, Duane II.
Nash, Millington, N. .1.. makes a generous offer to our read¬
ers in his free trial plan of selling. We regard the Acme
harrow as a good investment, and have no hesitancy in
commending the manufacturer’s proposition to our readers

The stock company at Proctor's Fiftv-eighth Street Thea¬
tre is meeting with unparalleled success, which is due not
alone to the excellent quality of the organization, but also
to the manner in which the productions are staged, one of
the noticeable features being the little difference between the
plays when originally produced and now bv the stock com¬
pany. In all the plays presented thus far- MY. Proctor has
employed a wealth of original scenery, electrical effects and
in every way striven to make the productions a faithful fol¬
lowing of the original. An admirable addition to the com¬
pany has recently been made in Mr. William Ingersol! the
new leading man. whose magnetic personality has won him
favor from his first performance. Miss Edna Phillips also
continues adding to her throng of admirers as does Miss
Agnes Scott. Mr. Harold Hartsell, Mr. Charles Arthur, Mr
William Norton and the other members of the company.

216

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11

@28.00
@22.00
@25.00
(<j 24.00
@28.00

@
@
(a
(< a
(a
@
(<J

3.15

3.10

1.95

2.90

3.10

2.30

MARKET

Prices received at New York during week
ending March 4. Wholesale except as noled.
G UA I N.

Wheat, No. 2, red . — @1.21

No. 1, Northern, Duluth... — @1.24

Corn, mixed . — @ 53

Oats, mixed . • — @ 38

Barley . 40 @ 52

M'ILL FEED.

Ton to car lots.

Cornmeal . 25.00

Sprng bran . 19.00

Middlings . 22.00

Hominy chop . 22.00

Gluten . 20.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice . —

Common to good . 2.90

Pea. choice . 2.00

Common to good . 1.80

Red kidney, choice . —

White kidney. « holce . —

Yellow eye, choice . —

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots.

Timothy bu. 45 lbs . — @ 2.75

Red top," 100 lbs . — @14.00

lime grass, 100 lbs . - — @12.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @15.00

Orchard grass. 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Medium Red clover. 100 IDs. . . — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

0

IIAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime . 17.00 @ —

No. 1 . 15.50 @16.00

No. 2 . 14.50 @15.00

No. 3 . 12.50 @13.50

Clover mixed . 13.00 @15.00

Straw, long rye . 21.00 @22.00

Short and qgt . 10.00 @15.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price .$1.01 per 40-
quart can. netting 3 V cents per quart in 26-
oent freight zone where there are no station
charges. Receipts for week ending February
25 were 204,067 cans milk and 8,502 cans
cream.

BUTTER.

Market lower and unsettled.

Creamery, extra .

Firsts .

Seconds . 27

Thirds .

Storage, extra .

Lower grades .

Imitation c reamery .

Factory .

Packing stock .

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

Small, fine to choice .

Small, fair to good .

Small, poor .

Large sizes, one-fourth cent

Light skims .

Full skims .

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white .

White, good to choice .

Firsts and seconds, mixed....
Western and S'n. fair to prime

HOPS.

Choice, 1904 .

Medium to prime .

Ordinary .

Olds . '. . . . .

German crop, 1904 .

30

@

30i/,

28 Vo @

29 1/

27

@

28

25

@

26

- i

@

30

25

@

27

24

@

28

24

@

29

20

@

28

20

@

25

_

@

13%

12$

< @

13 V,

11 %

@

12 V

1014 @

1 1 V

ess.

8 Vo @

10

4

@

5

36

—

@

35

32

@

33

30

@

33

29

@

31

26

@

28

23

@

25

1 1

@

13

@

66

@

i

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy.... — -

Evaporated, choice . 6

Evaporated, prime . 5%@

Sun dried . 2 ^ @

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.50 @1.60

Cores and skins . 1.10 @1.25

Huckleberries . 11 @ 12

Blackberries . 6 %@ 8

Cherries . 13y2@ 14>/2

7

61

sy*

4

Raspberries

APPLES.

Jonathan, bbl . 2.50

'King and Spitzenburg . 2.50

Spy . 2.00

@ 23

@4.00
@3.50
<a 3.25

Greening .

@s!oo

Bulk, 150 lbs .

@1.00

VARIOUS

FRUITS.

Strawberries, Fla., fey.

, , qt. . . 65

@ 75

Poor to fair .

. 30

@ 60

Cranberries, fanev. bill

. 7.00

@8.50

Common to good. . ..

@5.00

Oranges, Calif, navel.

fey. . . . 2.75

@3.25

Lower grades .

@2.50

Florida, fanev .

@4.50

Common .

. 2.00

@2.75

Pineapples, 30s to 24s

. 1.75

@2.25

SALADS AND GREEN’ STUFFS.

Artiehokes, Calif., doz. .

@1.25

Brussels sprouts, qt. . . .

. 10

@ 20

Cabbage, Danish seed,
ton .

red.

@30.00

Danish seed, white...

. . . .12.00

@18,00

Domestic seed .

@12.00

Fla., new. bbl. crate. .

_ 1.25

@1.50

Celery, dozen . 10

Chicory and escarol, bbl . 4.00

'Kale, Norfolk, bbl . 75

Lettuce, Fla., p’me, %-pk. bkt..3.00

Poor to good . 1.00

Peppers, Fla.. 24-qt. carrier ... 1.50

Peas, 3-pk. basket . 2.00

String beans, 3-pk. basket .... 3.00

Sninaeh, bbl . 1.50

"Water cress, 100 bunches . 1.50

VA RIOT’S VEG E T A R LE S.

Potatoes, L. I.. 180 lbs. . . .
State and Northern, 180

Maine, 168-lb. bag .

Jersey. 180 lbs .

Bermuda, bbl .

Beets, old. bbl .

New, 100 bunches .

Carrots, old, bbl .

New, 100 bunches .

Cauliflowers, bbl .

. . .1.50
lbs. 1.25
. . .1.25
. . . 1.12
. . .3.00
. . .1.00
. . .3.00
. . . 1.00
. . .3.00
. . .1.00

Egg plants, bu. box . 2.00

Onions. Eastern, white, bbl... 3. 00

Yellow and red . 2.50

bbl . 1.00

100 bunches . 2.00

Hubbard, bbl . 1.25

ruta baga. bbl . 75

24-qt. carrier . 1.00

Parsnips,
Radishes,
Squashes,
Turnips, i
Tomatoes,

@- 80
@ 7.00
@1.00
@4.00
@2.50
@3.00
@7.00
@12.00
@3.00
@2.50

@2.00
@1.62
@1.50
@1.50
@4.00
@1.25
@5.00
@1 .50
@5.00
@5.00
@ 3.50
@7.00
@3.00
@1.25
@3.00
@1.75
@ 90

@4.00

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime . — @ 11

Fair to good . 9 @ 10i

Hothouse lambs, head . 3.00 @9.00

Hogs, light . 6% @

Heavy . 5%@ 6

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . — @ 12

Fowls . — "@ 14

Roosters . — @

Turkeys . — @ 15

Ducks, pair . 60 @ 80

Geese, pair . 1.25 @1.62

Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 18 @ 20

Chickens . 1 " @ 20

Fowls . 10 @

Squabs, dozen . 2.uo @3.25

1 1 ( )TII OUSE PRODUCTS.

‘Piets, 100 bunches . 5.00 @6,00

"Cucumbers, No. 1, dozen . — @1.25

lettuce, dozen . 25 @ 75

Mushrooms, lb . 25 @ 60

Radishes. 100 bunches . 2.00 @3.00

Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ 25

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.45 @5.70

Oxen and stags . 3.75 @4.90

Bulls . 3.00 @4.40

Cows . 1.75 @3.75

Milch cows with calves . 35.00 @50.00

Calves, veal . 4.00 @8.75

Common . 2.00 @2.50

Lambs . 6.85 @ 8.40

Hogs . 4.5o @5.50

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Sin¬
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @48.50

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — — @10.00

Kainit, 12 per cent potash. . . — • @12.00

Dried blood . — @45.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — @20.00

'Peruvian guano . — - @37.00

“What do you think of your Congress¬
man?” “We don’t think of him,” an¬
swered Farmer Corntossel. “What we
sent him away from here for was to get
him off our minds.” — Washington Star.

Buy

From

the

Mill

Save Half

It’s true economy to
buy your clothing direct
from the mill. No
dealer’s profits. You can
get two suits for what
yon usually pay for one.
Handsomely made and
trimmed. Guaranteed to
give satisfaction. Plenty
of patterns to choose
from.

Men’s wool Suits

$7^50 and $ 1 2^

Ladies’

Spring

Dress

Patterns

in all

Shades

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Pana¬
mas, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Henriettas,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,
203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

Harrows $5.80 Up

Prlcel6Tooth Not i.inod, $5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.30

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

“ 24 “ “ 8.75

Cut this out and send to us
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalainazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.
Price, Lined

$ 6.40
7.00
7.60
10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land In N. Y., Pa.,
W.Va., and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any-price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md., for $1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now, have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can’t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm. It’s

frpp CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

406 L awrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich

TWO BROTHERS wish work on a farm: under-
* stand all kind of farm work. Address

ALBERT CARLSON, Barnegat, N. J.

ATTENTION

|— Needingma le
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty
I. HERZ. Labor Agency, 2 Carlisle St., New York.

MAPS, Reports. Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms. Cheap Lands. Beet
Markets. State Boaud of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

Oldest Commission

House In New York
Est.1838. Butter,cheese.
eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
R. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

0. I. G.

Sixty fall and spring 0. I.C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber
land Farm, Gettysburg:, Pa.

]

cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards
Book 54F Free, Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y-

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

150 envelopes. 150 sheets writing paper, both printed
to suit, $1.00 postpaid. Sample, stamp.

RALPH U. HUTCHINGS, Cambridge, N. Y-

A Sure
Money Maker
On the Farm

Uhe

When you buy a Cream Separator
you cheat yourself if you don’t get
the machine that makes and saves
the most money for you. Cream,
repairs and oil — all represent money.

United States Cream Separator

holds the world’s record lor clean skimming — saves cream every day
that other separators lose.

Substantial and simple — extremely durable. No joints to work
loose, no ratchet pin to break off, no exposed gears to be injured — no
repairs.

Perfect adjustment of working parts — no oil wasted.

You can’t make your cows pay you as they should without a U. S.
Cream Separator. Write for free illustrated catalogue to-day.

The Vermont Farm Machine Company 5¥i? m#oant

Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City, la.,
Kansas City, Mo., Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal . Portland, Ore., Buffalo,
N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and Sherbrooke, Que., Hamilton. Ont.

Address all letters to Bellows Falls, Vu

Safins

PURE BRED, FIRE DRIED

SEED CORN.

Do you change your Seed Corn and plant Pure Bred
varieties, or are you still in the same old rut, planting
the same corn on your farm year after year? Every year
thousands of farmers are finding that they can increase
their yield from 5 to 20 bushels per acre by planting
Armstrong’s Pure Bred, Fire Dried varieties. Our cata¬
logue will show you why this is, and how you can do the
same thing. For the next 30 days we are going to send
four large packages of Pure Bred Seed Corn, FREE, to
every farmer who answers this advertisement. Send us
your name and address on postal card TODAY. Don’t
wait until tomorrow. Send your neighbors’ names, too;
we want to send them free catalog and samples. Write.
Write now— today. Address, Drawer 68.

J. B. ARMSTRONG & SONS, Shenandoah, la.

jack: frost

fFROST*

[BEST-

_ ^CHEAPEST

loses bis grip, butTthe Frost New“liock does not.
Our coiled spring wire, hard spring stays and new
locks make a combination that lias no equal. Frost
Fence will last a lifetime. Send for 1905 catalogue
and sample of new lock.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio

Wire F ence 90 r

48-in. stock fence per rod only ^

Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE .
Huy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

IWANS’ Post Hole ANADu&ERLfc

For Fence and Telep ane Fat Holes, Wells, Prospecting , etc. A man
can do three time* the work with an Iwan Auger than with any other.

Sizes 3 to 10 inch.

Used by U. 8. Qov't. A r m $2.50 each; 12 inch,

$6.00; 14 inch. $8.00.
Inquire of your hard¬
ware or implement
dealer, or write us
for particulars and

BUSINESS MANAGER wanted in every town to man¬
age branch office and superintend force of sales¬
men- Big money . No canvassing. No capital required.
Can be managed with other work or business. Par¬
ticulars on application. Give references. William
C. Moore & Co., Dept, a., Nurserymen, Newark, N. Y.

FOR <IA| F Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
ua Buildings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar

Maples, equipped. Good Dairy. 165 Acres on main
road. $40.10 per acre. One-third down. Bal. to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

FRUIT FARM, 1-2 mile from Vineland: 20 acres.

Grapevines, Fruit Trees, etc. Modern built bouse.
Price $3,800. Mrs. M. D. Dolbey, Vineland, N. J.

Agents Wanted-

circular!! of our tool* you need on the farm. Sample at special price to
Utroduoe. Iwun Brothers, Dept. No, 4, 8t renter, III.

. . I M ■■Bill PI . II n

■ In - V K-T\'i Ui i * 4.-) « M-l 1 ' CE I > 0 mil:? 7T3 ly/Rl

kWe also sell direct to fanners atwholesale prices,
■^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.
Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

Best Artificial Post Ever Made

So recognized by all leading fence manufac¬
turers who recommend to their local agents.
Many of these agents buy in carload lots each
year. Used by the U. S. Government, leading
railroads, cities, parks and cemeteries. Our

RURAL MAIL BOXES.

three styles, are the standard in every state.
Fence agents should write us.

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Michigan.

FEWEST POSTS

required with Page Fences, because of strength and
springiness of our high carbon wire. That’s a saving

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 740, Adrian. Mich.

T A I E ACC (and later perhaps For Sale) : — Farm
1 j , vT three miles from Trenton, on canal
and good Macadam road: 139 acres rich soil, well
watered; commodious stone dwelling house; also
smaller wooden dwelling house and full set of farm
buildings in good repair. Apply to
T> LINTON SATTERTHWAIT,

Bank Building, _ Trenton, N. J.

C«wni I can sell your farm for

idlfll VVcinTBil cash. Write for partleul- rs

to-day. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. t Ity

COLORADO INVESTMENTS

and Fruit Ranches. Geo. E. Grebles, Box 215, Silver-
ton, Colo.

I? IDIIC For rich farming and fruit growing.
“ AltlnO Write J. D. 8. HANSON, Hart.Mlcb.

OW price of cotton makes best land in Ala-
■* baiua cheap. For full information address
SOUTH ALABAMA LAND & IMP. CO.

Troy, Alabama

"QTROUT’S SPECIAL LISTS” illustrated, of
200 farm bargains in New England, New York,
Delaware, Maryland and the South, mailed FREE
by E. A. 8TROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau St.,
New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Huilding, Lancaster, Penn

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City.

Our latest pattern
l'itless Seule.

(Patents Pending.^

BRANCH, DAYTON. OHIO.

You Can Save From $30 to $50

...BY BUYING Ol'K...

“IiNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 laches Over AIL Steel Frame.

This Seale is complete when it leaves our factory, with
the exception of tloor planks. Write for free catalogue.

National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z., Kansas City, Mo.

See Exhibit Pure Bred Live Stock Record Bldg., 4’hlcugo.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

217

RUBEROID

TRADE MARK REGISTERED 1

There is onTy one Ruber-
oid Roofing. Only one of
its kind and! one of its
name, and we alone make
it. If you buy a roofing
which does not bear the
above trade mark on the
label and stamped on the
under side of the material,
it is not Ruberoid Roofing.

Ruberoid Roofing is and has been [for fourteen
years tbe Standard Prepared Roofing. Our repu¬
tation stands behind its quality. Send for
samples and Booklet K.

The Standard Paint Company

Sole Manufacturers

IOO 'William Street

NEW YOKE

5c. EACH. From pure bred
White Wyandottes, Barred Rocks,
audit. C. B. Leghorns. Fine birds.
Fertile eggs, Toe. per 15. Satisfaction
E. 0. El, MORE, New Paltz, N. Y.

EGGS

guaranteed.

Partridge Plymouth Rocks

MADISON SQUARE WINNERS. Eggs, 13, $2.

Riverside Farm, Weston, N, .J.

Strongest and most effective
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Standard-bred Poultry

White Leghorns,
White Wyandottes,
.bode Island lteds. Barred "Rocks. Choice Matings
Eggs at farmers pricee. Kairview Farm, Shrewsbuiy,
Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding ‘'Business Leghorns" for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, York town, lv V

AT HALF PRICE

SCOTT

INCURATORS AND BROODERS

None better — few as good.
Patented, self - regulating,
ventilating, non -moisture.
Sold ^ price of others. Send
for free catalog and poultry
guide. Scott Ineubator Co.
Box 89, Abingdon, Ill.

Fine Birds

Our 100 breeding pens show fancy stock
that has prize winning blood bred in
them. All the leading varieties of
Chickens, Turkeys, Ducke and Ceeee.
Rare birds for fanciers from select matings.
Prices low for high quality. Poultry cata¬
logue 4c. Incubator catalogue free.

DhMoIius Inch. Co., Pep. 90 De»Molms,ta

CYPHERS

INCUBATORS

are guaranteed to hatch more and
healthier chicks than any other or
your money back. Used and en¬
dorsed by 42 Government Experi¬
ment Stations. Complete catalog and
f poultry Guide, 212 pages (8x11) free
if you sendthe address oftwo neigh¬
bors who keep good poultry and name
1 this paper. Address nearest office.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas City or San 1 randfco

STRICTLY
‘'AUTOMATIC'
THROUGHOUT

60-«gg size. -
$4.00 and $5.00

HATCH EVERY ECC USED

Will it do it? Ark our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, R. F. D. No. 1, New
Hartford, la. ; Mrs. Krio Brack, Havensville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving thoso

£iyr.::dnDtete- 30 days’ trial.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23, Springfield, Ohio.

Uir mV flioi A U/CCU And expenses to men
W L (AY 00 I A WttlV with rigs to Introduce
Poultry Compound. In ternationalMfg.Co., Parsons, Kan.

$ | <v80 For

I £ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

POULTRY

©POULTRY LINE-Fencin

>000000000

We

keep ev¬
erything in the J

_ _ _ _ —Fencing, Feed, Incu-j

bators, Live Stock, Brooders— anything — j
it’s our business. Call or let us send you^
our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the <
asking— it's worth bavins

iExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 88 Veaey Street. New York City.

OOOOOOOQOPQOPQpgOQQQQOQOC

A BIO BOO YIELD.

Broome County, N. Y. Business Hens.

The local papers reported a good egg yield
from the hens at the Broome Co.. N. Y.,
Almshouse, near Binghamton. W. A. Pol¬
lard, the keeper, furnishes us with the fol¬
lowing account.

1 was appointed keeper of the Broome
County Almshouse, and commenced my
duties as such March 1, 1904. I had
l ot been here long before I saw many
things in the line of farming that I
thought I could improve on, and poul¬
try was one of them. 1 found here
about 75 hens of uncertain age, and a
mixture of everything, and if any eggs
were wanted in the Winter they had to be
purchased in the markets. I made the
remark to the attendants that if we could
not produce what eggs we wanted in
Winter I would pay for them out of my
salary. (I have not had to buy any.)
After trying several different breeds of
poultry for eggs I concluded that noth¬
ing would beat the White Leghorns, and
I am convinced that I was right. Soon
after the first of May I was induced to
try a 120-egg incubator. Our engineer,
Mr. Gaffney, took charge of the hatching.
We ran it a few days to get the hang of
it, and on May 15 we put 112 eggs in
it; on the sixth day we tested them, and
found that we only had 95 fertile eggs.
On the eighteenth day we tested them
again, and found a few that we thought
doubtful. On the twentieth day they
commenced to hatch, and at the end of
the twenty-first clay we had 74 smart
chickens. We followed the directions as
closely as possible. However, if we
could have got the shells out of the way
without opening the incubator I think we
would have had 10 or 15 more chickens,
but we were well pleased with the re¬
sult, and concluded to try it again. We
cleaned and refilled the machine and ran
it same as before; 67 were the result of
the second hatch, 141 chickens out of
ISO eggs, and only lost four in raising
them. I kept these chickens entirely
away from the old hens, and the first of
September I built a new henhouse 16 x
40, cement floor, six windows on the
south side. About the middle of the same
month, we put the 58 pullets (as that was
all we got out of 137) into the new
quarters. They were about half grown
at that time. They have not been out to
exceed fifteen days since then. On No¬
vember 1 we got the first egg; November
3 we got another. They have increased
from that time to the present. I kept no
account of the eggs they laid in Novem¬
ber, but from the first of December we
have kept a daily record. We lost one
pullet in December; that left us with only
57. They laid 57 dozen in the month of
December and 91j/j dozen in January, an
average of nearly 20 eggs per hen in the
month of January. If all the eggs they
laid during the past three months had
been sold at the retail price in this city
they would have brought $67.

We have an average of 150 people in
this institution, and have had all the eggs
necessary, and sold 70 dozen. I pur¬
chased a No. 7'/2 bone cutter to com¬
mence with, and our success is due to
green cut bone and a temperature of
from 40 to 50 degrees in the henhouse.
We keep the house clean, plenty of litter,
a dust bath, air-slaked lime under the
roosts changed every week ; grit, oyster
shells, cabbage for green feed, fresh
water, skim-milk, cracked corn, and oats
that they have to work for in the litter;
fresh green cut bone, a little every day.
Our institution is heated by steam, and
We put a few coils of pipe in the hen¬
house, and it is certainly a great thing
for Winter eggs. In the Fall I killed off
every fowl on the farm but the White
Leghorns. For Winter layers there is
nothing, in my estimation, that will beat
Single Comb White Leghorns, and June
is the right time to hatch them for Win¬
ter layers. If you want Winter eggs
your hens must not be neglected. We
try to make the conditions as near like
Summer as possible, w, a, rQLLAun,

. FOR

WOMEN WLOYf;
CAN MOT nrc'Ltllfe

Backed up by over
a third of a century
of remarkable and uni¬
form cures, a record ,
such as no other
remedy for the
diseases and
.weaknesses pe¬
culiar to women
ever attained, the proprietors and makers
Of Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription now
feel fully warranted in offering to pay $500
in legal money of the United States for
any case of Leucorrhea, Female Weakness,
Prolapsus, or Falling of Womb, which they
cannot cure. All they ask is a fair and
reasonable trial of their means of cure.

No other medicine than Dr. Pierce’s Fa¬
vorite Prescription could possibly "win
out,” as the saying goes, on such a proposi¬
tion; but they know whereof they speak.
They have the most remarkable record of
cures made by this world-famed remedy
ever placed to the credit of any prepara¬
tion especially designed for the cure of
woman’s peculiar ailments. This wonder¬
ful remedy, therefore, stands absolutely
alone as the only one possessed of such
unrivaled properties as to fully warrant its
makers in publishing the remarkable offer
above made in the utmost good faith.

"A short time ago I was almost dead with
nervous prostration, general debility and female
weakness,” writes Mrs. Loretto Webster, of 317
Virginia Ave., Lexington, Ky., Worthy Treasur¬
er, Independent Order of Good Templars, " Dr.
Fierce’s Favorite Prescription was recommend¬
ed to me as a sure cure, and I found this to be
true, for I obtained splendid results, securing
fine health. Women ought to be grateful to
think there Is one safe and sure cure offered to
them for their troubles. I advise every sick
and suffering woman to stop spending money
and wasting time with doctors' prescriptions,
when a few bottles of your remedy is sure to
cure. I am the happy mother of two children,
boy aged sixteen, and girl, eight years.”

Do not permit the dealer to insult your
intelligence by suggesting some other com¬
pound which he recommends as "just a3
good,” because he makes it himself. Dr.
Pierce’s Favorite Prescription has stood
the test of time and experience. Thou¬
sands speak well of it — because thousand#
have been cured bv it.

A POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

When Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

When Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them I

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bex D-D. Jamesburg, N. J.

Money Can’t Buy

A Better Incubator than the
OLD RELIABLE

SURE HATCH

Read the Reasons — Here are Some

The Sure Hatch is built of straight grained
California Redwood, the best material known for
incubators. California Redwood will not Bhrink
or swell, warp or crack— other woods will.

The Sure Hatch Water Heater has 138 square
Inches of heating surface— others from 15 to 30
sq.'in. Abundant Heating
surface is absolutely
essential to econ¬
omy of operation.

The Sure Hatch
Ventilator keeps
pure, warm air in
circulation among
the eggs all the
time. Other “venti¬
lators ” skim off the
air from top of egg
chamber, leaving
eggs surrounded
with foul air icarbonic acid gas.l

The Sure Hutch Regulators are automatic and
keep the temperature at the proper degree. You
don’t have to "stand guard” over the regulator to
be sure it regulates. Sure Hutch Egg Chambers
are asbestos lined.

Tens of thousands of Sure Hatch Incubators are
hatching more chickg to the 100 eggs that live and
grow than any other incubator made. Think of
this before you buy.

The Sure Hatch terms are exceptionally liberal
—60 days trial, freight prepaid east of Rocky
Mountains, and money back if not satisfactory.

The Sure Hatch $100,000 Guarantee, good for
five years from dute of purchase, is our own pledge
of good faith.

Tho Sure Hatch Catalogue of 1906 is now ready
and will be sent free on request. Write at once.
Address office nearest you.

SURE HATtn INCUBATOR CO.

Box 449, Clay Center, Neb.; Box 1449, Indianapolis.

[RAISE

SQUABS

IT PAYS

We can start you right. Our plant, the larg¬
est in America, ships the finest Squabs that]
reach the New \ ork market, for which we re¬
ceive top prices. Our strain of Homers will do |
I as much for you. Better stock cannot be got¬
ten at an v price. Write for free booklet and |
learn something of this fascinating and remu-
| nerative business. ATLANTIC SQUAB CO.
Box K, Hammonton, N. J.

alamazoo Incubators

Hatch more and stronger chicks than any
other incubator ever built.

SOLD ON TIME.

to suit yonr convenience. It won’t cost you a cent
to start raising poultry with a Kalamazoo. Wo pay
tho freight. No other manufacturer can sell on such
liberal terms because they haven’t got the machines
to back them. Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your
chicks. Wri te f or f urther partlcu lars.

Reed Manufacturing Co. , 527 E. Main St., Kslamazoo, Mich.

MANY OF

THE

FIRST PRIZE
WINNERS

1 at

New York, Chicago, St.

Louis WTorltl’s Fair,
anti other large shows
Y were fro m our cele¬
brated breeding yards.

OUR EGGS *’ave l)r°6U(’ed the winners of high¬
est honors. From Exhibition Mat¬
ings of Grand Show Stock. $5 per 12; $10 per 36;
$20 per 100. From Laying Matings of Great Egg
Producers, $2 per 12: $8 per 100; $70 per 1.000.

OUR MATINGS »i’el,etter than ever a,ul t*ie

quantity of high quality stock
in our yards is greater than ever. Over 0,500 birds
now mated to supply the demand.

i0\jvTRy^ illustrated catalogue free.

ELM POULTRY YARDS,

nsnsy P- 0. Box Y, HARTFORD, CONN.

Angora Goats and Rat Terrier Dogs.

( Prices on application.)

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

ERS

3943 Hennv St, BUFFALO, N.Y. I

nnill TOY PAPER, illnst’d, 30 pages,

rUULini 25 cents per year. 4 months'

rUUUIII ■ 2d cents per year. 4 months'
trial 10 cents. Sample Free. 64-pago practical

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue.

WILSON BROS., Sole Mf™. , Dept. X Kaatoo,Pa.

TEN DAYS'

FREE TRIAL

of Mann’s Latest Model
Bone C utter. No pay un¬
til you’re satisfied that it
cuts easier and faster than
any other. Catalog

F.W. Mann Co., Box 15

Y

I

OU’RE LOOKING

for just such machines
as Miller’s

Ideal Incubators

and Brooders. Sent on I

30 DAYS TRIAL. Abso¬
lutely automatic. Test it l
yourself. Big poultry and
poultry supply book Free. 1
J. W. MILLER CO, , Box 87, Freeport, III.

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

on POULTRY

I and almanac for 1 905, contains ?24
pages, with many fine colored platcsof
fowls true to life. It tells all about chickens,
their core, diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and howto operate them.
All about poultry houses and how to build
them. It’s really an encyclopedia of chirken-
doin. You need it. Price only 1 Be.

C. C. SHOEMAKER, Box 8 I 3, FREEPORT, ILL.

The ORMAS & Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA, FreeCatalog

Racine Incubator")

The great value of the Racine incubator lies in the fact that it can be ope¬
rated successfully by anyone, anywhere. Automatic in every way. Big hatch¬
es every time. And no experience required.

Our remarkable Irvcubator Book tells about them. It tells facts that you
need to know to buy wisely — facts you must know to get
the right incubator. It is written by the man who devoted
23 years to perfecting an ideal incubator — the man who
made the Racine. It tells, too, how to make poultry pay.

Don’t buy without reading it for the book is free- Address

Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87, Ra.cirve, Wls,

We have Warehouses at Buffalo, Kansas City and St. Paul.

the Freigi

2l8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 11,

l Woman and Home

From Day to Day.

A WOMAN'S VIEWS.

I wonder why men never seem to care, nor
, even know

Whether tlie house is ever cleaned? At least,
they act just so !

I wonder, now, if they could live the whole
year round, without

Scrubbing, or shaking mats, or sweeping dust
and cobwebs out.

They pose themselves on heights apart, and
take a stand sublime

That housecleaning is quite a bore, also a
waste of time;

Or smile, with pitying tolerance, at our sad
lack of sense

Viewing our best achievements with most
bland indifference.

I'd like to give them once the chance to make
their methods clear.

Of how they'd get along, without the pains
we'd take each year ;

How they could live, and move, and breathe,
in quiet and content

Expending neither thought, nor act, on their
environment.

Could they gaze forth at- Spring’s fresh grace,
through windows clouded, dim,

With curtains hanging torn, forlorn, and
blinds quite out of trim?

If walls were soiled, and ceilings smoked, and
carpets worn to shreds.

Would they awake in peace, or sleep with
comfort, in their beds?

Men are not like to women is a fact they'd
have us know ;

We quite admit this basic truth ; we learned
it, long ago.

Men are not like to women — but, I would
make bold to say,

If women were like men, we'd be cate dwell¬
ers till tills day !

— M'adeline Kridges in Good Housekeeping.

*

Still another variation in baked beans
is to add a cupful of sweet cream during
the last hour of baking; this gives a deli¬
cious richness of flavor.

*

The family cat will he much healthier
and more contented during Winter if she
has a little green salad to browse on. Sow
some oats in a pot or box, and start them
in the kitchen window. It is amusing to
watch the cat taking her tonic when she
finds it is there for her. Without this,
most house cats show their need of green
food by nipping the leaves of window
plants, especially palms.

*

Roast calf’s liver will make a pleasant
change in the meat dishes. A whole liver
is larded through with rather thick pieces'
of pork (the fat streak in salt pork just
below the rind). A marinade is made of
two tablespoonfuls of oil, some parsley,
chives, bay leaves, thyme and salt. Put the
liver in this for four hours, turning it sev¬
eral times. Then wrap it in a piece of
buttered paper, and bake in the oven for
about one hour. Serve with its own
gravy, to which is added the juice of
half a lemon.

*

The statue of Frances E. Willard, re¬
cently unveiled in Statuary Hall, at the
Capitol, Washington, is a gift of the Leg¬
islature of Illinois, under the Congres¬
sional law which authorizes each State to
place two statues there. The sculptor is
Helen F. Mears of Oshkosh, Wis., who
won the prize of $500 offered by the Wo¬
man’s Club of Milwaukee for the best
work of art exhibited by a Wisconsin
woman at the Columbian Exposition. It
is a new departure to introduce the fig¬
ure of a woman into such a place as the
Capitol, and especially significant that the
one thus honored should be the leader of
a great moral reform.

*

Many well-meaning people decry some
of the “fads” of modern education on
the ground that they have no practical
value — that is, they are no aid in money¬
getting. It is quite true that really use¬
ful information may be crowded out by
these pedagogical frills in some cases ;
yet, in a general way, anything that gives
a child more interest in life, and renders

him more observing, will make him hap¬
pier, even if it does not teach him to lay
bricks or load coal. We are reminded
by H. G. Bell that “education does not
mean stuffing a boy or girl in the same
way that you would stuff a young pigeon.
To educate means to draw out the best
that is in the race.” We must remember,
too, that a child may be thoroughly
grounded in all practical matters, and yet
be worse than useless because of moral
defects. Says Edward Howard Griggs:
"As it is impossible to divide either con¬
duct or law into two parts, one moral, the
other natural or indifferent in meaning, so
is it with education. We cannot separate
moral culture from other aspects of educa¬
tion, as a distinct part of the whole ; but
rather every phase of education has its
moral import. Indeed, we may go so far
as to say that the worth of any aspect
of education can be estimated only as we
find its relation to the development of
good manhood or womanhood. Thus
moral culture is the integrating center
and interpretative end in all education.”
*

Anyone who has lived in a household
where uncooked breakfast food and deli¬
catessen store provender looms large in
the bill of fare will sympathize with the
incident thus related by the Youth’s Com¬
panion ;

“I suppose you were fed off the fat of
the land,” said Mrs. Saunders, plaintively,
as she set the plate of griddle cakes before
Mr. Saunders the morning after his re¬
turn from Boston. “With Niece Mar¬
garet’s means, they must have everything
there is going.”

“I presume to say there's no lack o’
wherewithal,” said her husband, as he be¬
gan to pour maple syrup with a lavish
hand, “but for breakfast they had the
worst lot o' truck ever I saw. ’Twasn’t
cooked, nor a thing done to it . I expect
that hired girl o’ theirs that I used to
hear falling down-stairs about seven
o'clock didn’t want the trouble o’ start¬
ing her fire in a hurry. But I tell ye
when you’ve had a different kind o’ straw
filling served to ye for seven days run¬
ning, griddle cakes come just at the right
time. Don’t. take away that serrup jug
yet awhile; it hasn’t soaked in yet all it’s
a-going to. And set the doughnuts and
the pie and the biscuits where I can keep
an eye on ’em, but you can remove that
glass o’ water as far as you see fit. I’ve
been starvin’ healthy about as long as I
can stan’ it.” _

The Milk of Human Kindness.

It is no use talking about friends until
you are laid aside for awhile ; then you
can easily count them, and sometimes the
number seems woefully small. Now, I
am not criticising dear “Charity,” but
really I think T should recommend her to
quit “thinking.” My own life plans were
rudely scattered and a new line of work
wholly strange given me. When you take
a young girl of 18 from a city high school,
a graduate planning to complete her stud¬
ies and fit herself for teacher, and give
her two or three or even five months at
home on the farm to rest, it is delightful,
particularly as farm life was wholly an
untried thing. But supposing, with only
a few days’ preparation, you then take
away her mother, and leave only father
and daughter and the farm ? There was
only one thing to do ; “do the duty next
you.” Eor six years I have been trying to
do what my hands found to do, and keep
my thoughts where they belong. Tt’s the
only way to endure and be strong. I
have thought with Charity of the time
when I might say : “I am nothing to
anyone,” and I am determined to be
“something to myself” then. Lately
trouble lias been our guest. After a year
of failing health our dearly loved grandpa
fell asleep and grandma, always delicate.

kept her bed. Anxiety and close nursing
had drained my strength, and for once I
“slumped.” Then it was that people
whom I never called friends, but whom
I liked and felt a little acquainted with,
rallied around us. It did more good than
much medicine to see one dear woman
come in with her clean wrapper and apron,
rubber boots and old hat and shawl. I
was touching up a stove to be set up and
feeling pretty “streaked.”

“There,” she said, “I brought over a
plain cake, just to tide you over.” I
started to thank her. “O, mercy, don’t!”
she said, cheerily. “Just pass it along!
Now, I came to stay awhile. Water’s hot,
ain’t it? Well, I’ll do the dishes first.”
Well, I sat down, and really I wanted to
cry, I felt so relieved. We could get no
help unless we sent to the city for a
trained nurse, and the way the aunts re¬
sponded was something to warm the very
“cockles of your heart.” They put me
to bed to rest and get strong. They
planned the food question, and cheered
and comforted us wonderfully, and father
struggled along doing the chores in two
places a mile apart. Now I am getting
well, and soon I can take my place among
the workers.

Speaking of disappointments, Charity,

I had planned to keep a few hens this
Winter, to watch and care for them and
increase year by year until I had a profit¬
able business to help me be “something
to myself” when the lime shall come. My
father has been obliged to do all that for
me, and I have been away from home
all Winter, but do you know, I believe
with the the Hope Farm man, that the
man (or woman) worth while is never
discouraged. If you can’t do one thing,
do another. You can always do something
and must do something while you live this
earth life. It is God’s law. Live in the
present, remembering the joys of the past
and the love of the past tenderly,
reverently, and keep your courage
burning steady with a white light.
Why look into the future? It is nothing —
until it is with you, and then it is the
present — God’s present to you. My neigh¬
bor taught me the secret of her universal
popularity; everyone loves her, and it is
because she “passes it on.” You will
find a place in the Book that says : “and
if any man shall do unto thee any act of
good-will or kindly feeling, pass it on as
thy gratitude, and seek not to recom¬
pense that man.” This lesson of the
“milk of human kindness” has added a
new dignity and pleasure to life just when
I am ready to gather up the threads again,
for daily weaving. Dear Charity, cheer
up and be your own sweetheart in this
way. It is real fun — I know.

ADAH E. COLCORD.

If you would fall into any extreme, let
it be on the side of gentleness. The hu¬
man mind is so constructed that it resists
rigor and yields to softness. — St. Francis
de Sales.

Make sure that however good you may
be, you have faults ; that however dull
you may be, you can find out what they
are; and that, however slight they may
be, you would better make some effort to
be quit of them. — Ruskin.

There is no aid to the
house-wife so great,
as the Royal Baking
Powder.

s

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW- YORK.

THE BEST COOKING RANGE

MADE

Sold for Cash
or oil Monthly
Payments.

$10 to $20
Saved.

Freight
Paid.

Yonr
money
refunded
after six
months’
trial if

Clapp’s
Ideal Steel
Kango

la not BO per cent better than others. Mvsnperjor location on
Lake Erie, where Iron, steel, coal, freights amt skilled labor are
cheaper and beat, enahlea me to furnish a TOP NOTCH Steel
Karige at a clean saving or $10 to $20. Send for free catalogues
offive distinct lines, f>0 styles and sizes, with or without reser¬
voir, for city, town or country use.

CHESTER D. LAPP. 602 Summit Sl., Toledo, Ohio.
_ (Practical Steel Kango Alan.)

At Wholesale Prices

To introduce our well-known line
in every town where it is not gold
we are offering for it time our

Gold Coin Ranges

and II outing Stoves at the
wholesale price, on approv¬
al. sec urely crated, freight
prepaid, highly polished,
ready to put in your home.
This is the first proposition of
this kind ever made by a ntan-
■ufacturer of a High Grade
Trade Mark Stove and will
save users of good stoves many
dollars. Write for our Illustrated Catalogue No. 3
showing prices and Special Bargains in Stoves.

THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO., Troy, N. Y.
(Successor to Bussey & McLeod)

HOOD RUBBERS

HOOD’

TRADE (rubber cohpawy] MARK)
BOSTON

NOT MADEBYA TRUST

/E you ce/vhot get these bc/b-

ef/rs eboat Toi//>eEMEff-mf/rEt/s

t MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

hu been tued by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays I
all pain, cures wind colic, and. Is the best t
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

PAPER WALLS

Wow is Tb.© Time

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall paper* until you
see our offer. (Jilts, Embossed, Silks, and Ingrains at 5 to
12 1-2 eta. per roll. We save you 50 p.c. ; we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our book of samples sent free, which in-
I cl tides all instruction*' to hang your own paper.

\ CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPL V O
278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Nothing like

Banner Lye

to make yonr home clean and healthful and
keep it that way. It not only washes away the
dirt but it kills the disease-germs, and gets
into every corner.

Your milk-rooms, milk-pails and dairy will al¬
ways be sweet and clean if you use Banner Lye.

It is better in every way than old-style lye.
Odorless, colorless and safe; packed in easy-to-
use cans that prevent waste.

\

Makes best soap

You never nad purer or better soap than
you can make with your kitchen grease and
a 10-cent can of Banner Lye. Ten minutes’
time — no boiling or large kettles — and you
have 10 pounds of hard soap or 20 gallons of
soft soap

Get Banner Lye from your grocer. Send
to us for free book. "Uses of Banner Lye."

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

2 1 9

The Rural Patterns.

The blouse and skirt figured will make
a simple shirt-waist suit, either in light
woolen or cotton. The waist consists of
the lining, fronts and backs, the back
being drawn down in gathers at the waist
line, while the fronts are made to blouse

4951 Sbirt Waist, 32 to 42 bust.

slightly over the belt. The sleeves are
made in one piece *each, and the neck is
finished with a stock. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
3 yards 21, 3-}4 yards 27, or 2(4 yards
44 inches wide. The nattern 4951 is cut
ill sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42-inch
bust measure ; price 10 cents.

The skirt is cut in seven gores and al

lows a choice of the inverted plait or
gathers at the back, so rendering it spe¬
cially desirable for washable fabrics. The
quantity of material required for the medi¬
um size is 9 yards 21, 8(4 yards 27, or 5
yards 44 inches wide, when material has
figure or nap; 9 yards 21, 6(4 yards 27,
3(4 yards 44 inches wide, when material
has neither figure nor nap. The pattern
4952 is cut in sizes for a 24, 26, 28, 30, 32,
34 and 36 inch waist measure; price 10
cents.

The Bookshelf.

Poverty, by Robert Hunter. “To live
miserable, we know not why, to have the
dread of hunger, to work sore and yet gain
nothing — this is the essence of poverty.”
Mr. Hunter does not deal with the com¬
fortable poverty of country homes, where
there may be little money and much hard
work, yet food to eat and wood to burn,
but with the hopeless poverty of the cities.
This does not necessarily mean great cities
alone, for there are many small towns,
populated by kindly and right-living citi¬
zens, where there is a submerged stratum
buried in the vilest of slums. Mr Hunter
deals, however, with the large cities; he
writes of the pauper, the vagrant, the sick,
the child, and the immigrant. It will be
news to many that the United States is
far behind European countries in study
of these questions, and in remedial meas¬
ures. In the matter of child labor Mr.
Hunter says that there are now over
1,700,000 children under 15 at work (the
census of 1900 showed 1,266,050 boys and
486,137 girls between the ages of 10 and
15 years engaged in gainful occupations).
Tn the South the assertion is made that
many children under 10 are employed in
the cotton mills 12 hours a day— or night
— some of them not over six, reproducing
conditions which caused Lord Shaftesbury
to begin his reform movement in England
SO years ago. Written in a style of ear¬

nest simplicity, evidently straight from
the heart of one who has lived with the
conditions described, “Poverty” is a pain¬
ful book, but one possessing as powerful a
message to the general reader as to the
student or reformer. Published by the
Macmillan Company, New York; price
$1.50.

The Two Captains, by Cyrus Town¬
send Brady. This is a stirring historical
novel, the two captains being Bonaparte
and Nelson. The scenes of the story are
laid chiefly along the French coast and on
shipboard ; there are scenes of gallant
fighting on land and sea, relieved by a
gracefully written love storv. The story
is wholesome and well written, and will
no doubt find a large audience of ap¬
preciative readers, who will in many cases
be led by its pleasant pages to make more
careful study of the history of the Na¬
poleonic period. Published by the Mac¬
millan Company, New York; price $1.50.

Oatmeal Scones. — Dilute a cupful of
well-cooked oatmeal porridge with a cup¬
ful of milk, add a tablespoonful of melted
butter, a saltspoonful of salt and teaspoon-
f nl of brown sugar. Sift two teaspoonfuls
of baking powder with a cupful of flour
and add to the oatmeal mixture, adding
sufficient flour to make a dough stiff
enough to roll out ; the consistency of the
porridge will have to determine the
amount of flour necessary. Roll half an
inch thick, cut with a biscuit cutter and
bake to a pale brown on a hot buttered
griddle.

Date Pie. — For one pie take one heap¬
ing cupful of pastry flour, add a pinch of
salt and mix to the right consistency with
sweet cream. The crust will be much
nicer if allowed to get very cold before
using. Filling — To a cupful of seeded
dates add a cupful of water, cook over
hot water about 20 minutes, then rub
through a sieve. Beat an egg and a table¬
spoonful of sugar until light; add a table¬
spoonful of lemon juice, the date paste
and gradually a cupful of scalded milk.
Pour into a half baked shell and finish
baking in a moderate oven until a knife
blade can penetrate it and come out
clean.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

85to 30 per cent com mission

to net orders for our celebrated Teas,
CofTeea, Spices, KxtractH and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Prebents and Coupona
with every purchase. CHARGKSPAII)
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
Care of

THK GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. .New York.

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

12 Roses

Blooming’
Size Plants
Postpaid

lor 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Kaiserln,
Etoile de Lyon, Marquise Be Querhoent, Marie Van
Houtte, and others of equal value; all labelled. Alt
grown on their own roots. This is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. W. It. (4 KAY,
Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax County, Va.

c

AULIFLOWER SEED

KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

5% And Safety

#25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
% days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
Ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department

DKOFESSIONAL men and
* others with limited oppor¬
tunity for profitable home in¬
vestment are advised by many
conservative authorities to
utlli/.e the facilities of tills Com¬
pany for effecting loan* on high-
•lass real estate. Our ‘ ‘certi¬
ficate” system la the simplest
plan for mall investment.
Write for detailed information.

Assets, . SI, 700. OOO
Surplus and Profits,
$100,000

Industrial Sa vinos 4 LoanCo"
1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

HAD TO HIDE IT

A mother wrote us recently
that she had to keep Scott's
Emulsion under lock and key
— her children used to drink
it whenever her back was
turned. Strange that children
should like something that is
so good for them. It’s usu¬
ally the other way. Scott’s
Emulsion makes children
comfortable, makes them fat
and rosy-cheeked. Perhaps
that’s why they like it so
much — they know it makes
them feel good.

We’ll send you a sample, free
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

A reliable remedy for a Cough or Sore
Throat. Recommended by physicians
and druggists. Sold only in boxes.

imitations.

BEST BY TEST

"I have tried all kinds of waterproof
clothing and have never found anything
at any price to compare with your Fish
Brand for protection from all kinds of
weather.”

(The name and address of the
writer of this unsolicited letter
may be had upon application.)

A. J. TOWER CO.

Boston, U.S. A.

The Sign of the Fish

towe!\ Canadian

CO., LIMITED
Toronto, Canada

Mahers of Warranted Wet Weather Clothing

Homi^ouWbe

•ave you money— try it.
8, 1000

Every num • adorned

with Palma and other lent
and flowering Plants. We
have 44 greenhousea full.
Also have hundreds of oar-
loada of Fruit and Orna¬
mental Treea,8hruba,Roaea,
Plant*, Vlnea, Bulba, Heed*.
Rarcet new. choicest old.
Mail size postpaid, safe arri¬
val and satisfaction guaran¬
teed. Larger by express or
freight. Direct deal will
Elegant 168-page catalogue

free. 61 years. 1000 acre*. 44 greenhouses. _

TUB STOKRS «Se HARRISON CO.»
BOX 226PAINESVILLE.OHIO.

m m

1 00

1 worth

loses 30c

To introduce our famous
rC. & J. Roses into flower
gardens everywhere, we make
this unprecedented offer:

. 6 Choice Ever Blooming Roses,

I Including 1 Beauty of Rosemawr, rich variegated
carmine. 1 Mrs. B. K. Cant, intense cherry red.
also I yellow, 1 pink, 1 white and 1 variegated,
all first class kinds, some new.
rA Book on Roses, full of valuable Information.

| A 25c. Coupon good on first $1 order, also our
. New Floral tiuide, t3« pages, of 500 choice
plants for improving Home Grounds.

All the above /or 30 cents.

Only one order to a customer. You'll want more
C. & J. Roses — that's why we do it. Write to-day.

The Conard & Jones Co.

Grower! of

the Beit Roiei in America.

Box 4, West Grove,

Highest Award

SL Louis. 1904

Pa.

r BICYCLES ON TRIAL

for 10 days. We ship on ap¬
proval to anyone without a cent deposit.
Finest guaranteed Af/1 4n S 9/1

1905 Models e%J tU

with Coaster-Brakes & Puncture-Proof Tires.
1903 4 1904 Model* 57 A SI 9

of best makes . « W v ^

SOO Second-Hand Wheels

All makes & Mod- $ Q 4n SO
els good as new c*

RIDER AGENTS WANTED in
each town at good pay. IVrite at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.
TIKES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCIJE CO., Dept, who CHICAGO

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.
Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A,

THE FARMERS

on the

HOMESTEAD LANDS

WESTERN

CANADA

carry the banner or yields of wheat
and other grains for 1901. This is the
era of $1.00 wheat.

70,000 FARMERS

receive $56,000,000 ns a result of their
Wheat Crop alone, or an average of
$800 for each farmer. The returns
from Oats, Barley and other grains, as
well us cattle and horses add consider¬
ably to this. Secure a

FREE HOMESTEAD

at once, or purchase from some reliable
dealer while lands are selling at present
low prices.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

$5 ’SSysa1' Farm

At I Vest Egg Harbor , /V. J.

On direct line of Reading and Pennsylvania
Railroads. Level, rich, loamy soil, free from
rocks and stones. Only 17 miles from ocean and
that greatest of seashore resorts Atlantic City.
Convenient to good schools, churches, Btores and
railroad stations; also to largest and best-paying
markets in America. Almost perfect climate.
No severe weather either way. Plowing can
generally be commenced in February. Location
high, dry, healthy. No swamps. No mala- la.
Pure water. Title insured and guaranteed free
and clear. Immediate possession, if desired. If
you wish, we’ll build you a house and take pay¬
ment same as rent. Soli especially suitable for
truck, vegetables and for strawberries and otheF
early fruits, and raising poultry, which brings
fancy prices. Five acres, $100. If you wish only
a garden plot we will sell an acre for $55. Re¬
member our terms— only $5 down and $5 monthly.

Thousands of men in this part of South Jersey
make handsome Incomes from five-acre plots.
If you want a real estate Investment that will
Increase rapidly in value, send for our booklet.

DOBBS & FRAZIER

620 Bailey Building;, Philadelphia, Fa.

$33.00 PACIFIC COAST.

Tickets on sale daily, March 1 to May 15,
Chicago to San Francisco, Los Angeles, Port¬
land, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria and Van¬
couver via the Chicago, Union Pacific and
North-Western Line. Correspondingly low
rates from other points. Daily and person¬
ally conducted excursions in Pullman tourist
sleeping cars from Chicago, to Portland, San
Francisco and Los Angeles without change.
Double berth only $7.00. Fast trains, choice
of routes. Meals in dining ears (a la carte.)
Booklets and folders sent postpaid on receipt
of 4 cents in stamps. All agents sell tickets
via this line. Address H. B. Loucks, Jr.
Gen’l Agt., 301 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

THE $50,000,000 WORLD’S FAIR,’*7^'*

BOUCHT BY THE CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. Millions ol Dollars’ worth of material will be placed
on the market for qaiek sale by us at price* that will mean an enormona saving to purchasers. Now is your
opportunity to put Into execution your long contemplated improvements.

100,000,000 FEET OF HIGH GRADE LUMBER FOR SALE

The time to bay Lumber is today. Even if you do not need any Lumber today, it will pay you to purchase
It now and store it for future use. It’s better than money in the bank. Boy quick, because the price at which
we will offer this material is bound to sell it as fast as we can make delivery. The finest grades of Lumber were
used in the construction of this Grand Exposition. We have everything needed in the construction and
furnishing of a building for any purpose.

SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR OUR ESTIMATE

YOU CAM SAVE FROM 30ft TO 50ft IF YOU BUY AT ONCE. Thi« ia your opportunity to build or improvo

our Home, Barn, Warehouse, Church, Elevator, Tool Shed, Granary and Crib, 8tore, 8chool House, and
n fact any kind of a building. We can fumiah you anything in the line of Manufactured Articles, Hoofing of all
kind*, Wire Fencing, Pipe, Furniture and thousands of other items. ASK FOR OUR SPECIAL CATALOGUE B7*

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., EXPOSITION GROUNDS, ST . LOUIS, MO.

I

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. —Get It from your DruggisL

-Mapes Complete Manures Contain the Highest Grade Materials
and the Most Soluble ar J Valuable Plant-Food Forms Known

E •

No. f Pure Peruvian Guano Rectified £y our special treatment to improve its solubility, WITHOUT
ACIDITY), nitrate of potash, carboroj of potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc., etc.

Without knowledge of the sources or g.^ racter of the materials used in making a mixed fertilizer the
chemist is unable to determine the plant food value Of the ingredients, particularly organic nitrogen,
phosphoric acid insoluble, and all forms of potash.

Extracts from latest Report of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for the year ending OCT. 31, 1904

Official Number.

*See note.

11730

1 1591
11913
12130

4 4

Ammonia.

Found 12.17
Guarantee 12.

“ “ half strength (half Piaster)F ound 6.52

Guarantee 6.

Vegetable or complete for light soilsts“°ot,i Found 7.55

Guarantee 6.

11775 Mapes Top Dresser, full strength
17757

Tobacco Manure

Found

i 4

4 4

4 4

4 4

Average- 3 Samples,

8.00

8.14

7.90

8.01

Phosphoric Acid.

7.92

8i

4.08

4i

8.16

JL

5.68
5.39
5.35
5.47

Potash.*

7.35
6 1

10.21

10.50

11.10

10.60

Guarantee

•Ammonia total 12.17 insoluble (organic) 0.52.
t *« “ 7.75 “ “ 0.61,

Phos. acid total, 7.92, insol. 2.14.
“ “ “ 8.16 “ 1.99

Potash 6.51.
“ 7.35

All soluble.

7.50 4.50 10 50

The official report of the Connecticut Experiment Station for the year 1904 contains the analyses of over two hundred brands of mixed fertilizers
(samples taken in the market). In this report of analyses the Mapes Manures above named are given the highest valuation of all and on the ordinary basis of
figuring “ valuations no benefit is received by the Mapes Manures for the superior and more costly forms of Potash, Nitrate of Potash and Carbonate of
Potash (eight cents instead of four cents per lb.) nor of the superior forms in Peruvian Guano.

•At the present valuation of potash in these forms (8c instead of 7J4c) the ’‘valuation” of the Mapes Manure would be correspondingly higher.

EXTRACTS FROM THE MAPES PAMPHLETS

Page 14, Connecticut Station Report, 1904.

‘•The Organic Nitrogen in these classes of goods (mixed fertilizers) is reckoned at the price of nitrogen in raw materials of
the best quality,* 16 1-2 cents.”

“ *This concession gives a dishonest manufacturer the opportunity to defraud the consumer, by ‘working off’ inferior or
almost worthless leather, bat guano, and similar materials which ‘analyze well,’ containing up to 8 or 9 per cent of
nitrogen, much or all which may be quite inert ; provided this inferiority is not discovered by the chemical examination.
But since honest and capable manufacturers generally claim to use only ‘materials of the best quality,’ it would be unjust to them
to assume that their fertilizers contain anything inferior. Farmers should satisfy themselves that they are dealing only with
honest and with intelligent manufacturers.”

Page 60, Connecticut Station Report, 1902:

“ Tobacco Manures claimed to contain Potash as Carbonate or Nitrate.” “Since potash in these forms costs consider¬
ably more than in sulphate or muriate, it should not be valued at the same rate as in mixed fertilizers. It is not possible in
most cases to determine by analysis whether the manufacturer’s claims are well founded, but assuming potash to be present in
form of nitrate or carbonate and valued at 7 1-4 cents per pound, the valuations are as given:”

“ Mapes Wrapper Brand would be $3?. 79 instead of $35 34.” This is without any allowance for extra value for nitrate of potash.

Page 59, Connecticut Station Report, 1902:

“Mapes Top Dresser, Improved, half strength (mixed with equal weight of plaster), is stated by manufacturer to be made of
nitrate of potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, Peruvian Guano and plaster. Of course a valuation such as is employed
here in the (Connecticut Report) does not represent, and is not intended to represent, the cost of plant food in chemicals
which are exceptionally expensive or seldom used in commercial fertilizers ”

Loss of Organic Nitrogen in acid soils. Extract from Bulletin No. 55 R. I. Station, Prof. H. J. Wheeler.

This investigation has therefore demonstrated clearly that under such acid conditions, as have been shown to he of comparatively frequent occurrence
in the State, practically one- half of the money Invested in the organic nitrogen of fertilizers may be lost to the purchaser. In view of the fact that the
nitrogen of dried blood is the most effective, or, at least, one of the most effective forms of organic nitrogen known, it must be evident that the existence of
such a degree of soil acidity as to reduce its assimilability one-half would have a tendency to seriously affect the manurial value of the nitrogen in the form of
fish and tankage, which with dried blood, are the chief sources of organic nitrogen in the commercial fertilizers sold within the State.

Acidity in Soils from Use of Superphosphates. Conversion of Phosphoric Acid

(Water Soluble) into inert Forms in Unlimed Lands.

Prof. TT. J. Wheeler, Chemist of the Rhode Island Experiment Station, in reply to the query about using lime on a crop to which a superphosphate has
been applied, states: “Some of the most reliable writers and investigators oppose the use of superphosphates (acid phosphates) upon light sandy or muck soils
unless they have been first limed, since the phosphoric acid tends to Increase the acidity and is liable to be largely wasted if the previous applications ox lime are
omitted.” Again, “If lime is absent it would be expected that the phosphoric acid of the superphosphates would, in few days, enter largely in combination with
iron and aluminum oxides, in which form plants usually obtain it with difficulty. When it enters into this combination it is also practically insoluble in
carbonated water.”

In the case of the light sandy soils, some the lightest, many are more or less acid. The Mapes Manures have been uniformly successful for many years
past on these light soils and have brought them up to profitable fertility and with the use of very little if any farm manures. It is upon these light soils tnat
often from truck and fruit growing the largest profits have been made. The large profits are the result of extra high quality, good carrying power of the
product, and high average and fancy prices. The Mapes manures with these truck and fruit growers, during an experience of many years (some cases
twenty years or over) have been found to suit their wants in every way. Reports of visits to their farms have frequently been in the leading agricultural
journals. (1) We claim that these results are largely due to the special forms in the main ingredients that are supplied in the Mapes Manures. (2) Alto free¬
dom from objectionable acidity, either from free phosphoric acid or free sulphuric acid. On the contrary , by the presence of carbonate of potash, etc. in the
Mapes Manures for Truck and Fruits these manures tend to CORRECT ACIDITY IN THE SOIL and bringabout a condition (alkaline' favorable to nitrification
thus enabling the inert organic nitrogen of the soil to become soluble and active. (3) The phosphoric acid not liable to reve/sion to “inert forms” in the soil
with coming in contact with oxides of iron and aluminum. (4) The very large proportion of nitrogen (ammonia) is not only soluble, for use as plant food,
but unlike organic nitrogen, is ready for immediate absorption by the roots of the plant. (5) It is also free from the large waste liable in the case of
organic nitrogen when used on acid soils.

Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing1 of Celery (over $11,500, 31 acres); also on Strawberries, Truck, Small Fruit; Tobacco on Varied
Soils; Fertilizer Farming Up-to-date igeneralfarm crops); Oranges and All Tropical Fruits in Florida; Top-Dressing of Lawns, Golf Links, Parks with the
“Mapes Top Dresser Improved” (ammonia 12 per cent., phosphoric acid 8 per cent., potash, 4 per cent). The highest grade, the most soluble and quick acting of
any made, fine, dry and free from odor.

IN SENDING FOr; PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED

THE MAPES FORMULA AND PERUVIAN GUANO COMPANY

143 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK

I

Vol. LXIV. No. 2877. NEW YORK, MARCH 18, 1905.

NEW LIFE TO LOUISIANA PLANTATION.

From Cotton to Pecan Groves.

A SOUTHERN WINTER.— Here In the “Sunny
South,” I am sitting by a blazing wood fire in the old-
fashioned style that reminds me of childhood days in
Ohio. We put on a big “backlog,” on top of it a
“top stick,” in front and across the andirons a “fore¬
stick,” and then fill up between with smaller wood,
rake out the glowing coals to give a good draft, and
watch the blaze creep up and through the pile. Soon
we are scorching in front, although we may be freezing
behind. But there is great satisfaction in looking into
the fire if not absorbing the full degree of heat that
would give comfortable warmth. We can turn one
side and then the other, as our parents and grand¬
parents- did in the early days, when we were children,
shifting about their high-backed and low-armed chairs.
As the fire burns low the recollections grow brighter,
thinking of the times and the dear ones that we shall
never see again. The series of storms that have held
the whole country in their icy grip did not wholly miss
any part of the South.

Even Florida fared bad¬
ly in some sections. But
our Citrus trees near Mi¬
ami came through un¬
touched, and all else ex¬
cept some tomato and
pepper plants, and a
few very tender trop¬
ical things. Here in
the pecan country there
have been three separate
sleet storms, one being
very heavy. It loaded
the trees with ice to the
limit of endurance in
most cases, and many
beyond it, breaking their
tops dreadfully. The few
peach trees growing
here were split at the
fork or their smaller
branches snapped off.

The Magnolias, Live
oaks and other ever¬
green trees were more
seriously hurt than the
deciduous trees. The
heavy festoons of moss
that are a characteristic of the far South became
masses of ice that helped to burden the trees far be¬
yond the weight of their own branches. The pecan
trees stood it best of all, for their wood is very tough,
yet there were some broken branches on a part of
them. In the forests the branches were breaking all
one night and a part of one day, so as to sound like a
battle of musketry, with an occasional cannon shot.
I lay in my bed and sighed for the helpless trees and
the birds and other animals that had no shelter. They
must have suffered dreadfully, and many were doubt¬
less killed. A view of the ice-covered cotton is shown
in Fig. 92. In my recent travels through Mississippi and
Tennessee the destruction to fruit and ornamental trees
was seen to be serious. Peach trees suffered the most
of any, owing to their very tender wood and the lia¬
bility to split at the fork. In the great peach orchards
of the South, I am told, the havoc was almost incal¬
culable. But after this icy Winter we are likely to
have good crops of fruit on the remaining branches.
1 hey should be cut hack where broken and prepared for
making new tops. Peach trees thus treated will be
improved rather than damaged, in some cases, where
they had grown too straggling and are not seriously
broken down.

A PECAN PLANTATION. — I have recently bought
a plantation in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, for the
planting of a pecan orchard of 1,000 acres. It fronts
on Lake Concordia, which is an ancient channel of the
Mississippi River, but long since only a cpiiet bayou¬
like lake, that is flooded by backwater during extreme
high stages of the river. At such times the boats come
in and discharge and load freight and passengers all
along the big Government levee that protects the farms
and towns from the flood. There are over 2,250 acres
in the place, 900 of which are cleared and in cultiva¬
tion. The rest of the tract is in timber, which is un¬
der contract to have the saw logs removed gradually
within the next five years. Over 500 acres of this for¬
est has an undergrowth of bamboo, from which fish¬
ing poles are made, most of it being from 10 to 30 feet
high and as thick as it can stand. There is no better
sign of rich land than this. In fact, such land will
grow the biggest crops of cotton, sugar cane or any¬
thing else that- suits the climate that can be found in
the world. The timber is immense, giant cypress trees
being scattered through the other kinds, and pecan

trees of monstrous proportions. It is a mistaken no¬
tion that the cypress only grows in swamps or “brakes,”
for there are many places where they grow on the best
of farming land, although only sparsely, and this
land of ours is capable of making the best of crops.
It will be gradually cleared, except a small forest reser¬
vation, worked in cotton at first and probably used for
trucking after the roots and stumps are partially gone.
It will grow potatoes, melons, onions, beans, cabbage
and many other such crops, and to perfection. There
is not an acre on the entire plantation that cannot be
tilled, except a little covered by a small lake, and that
affords the best of fishing.

TRANSPORTATION AND LABOR.— The new
Gould line from St. Louis to New Orleans crosses the
plantation about the middle, and has given us a flag
station, which, together with the water transportation,
affords the best of shipping facilities. Mail is deliv¬
ered at the gate by a Government carrier, and a tele¬
phone line passes there. We feel that we are not out
of the world. We have 30 tenant houses well filled
with negro laborers, and a complete outfit of farm stock,
tools and seed for cropping. As we have a good cot¬
ton gin on the place we are expecting to tie and ship
from our own fields over 400 bales of cotton the com¬

ing Fall. The1 other day, after the farm hands knew
of our purchase, we had a slight sensation on this
plantation, in the form of a convocation of a delega¬
tion of the colored population in front of our habita¬
tion to hear my “proclamation,” as one old darkey had
it, regarding the coming situation. I told them we
were friends and partners in the coming crop, as they
nearly all work on shares, and that we would give a
number of prizes for their encouragement. We will give
a gold watch and chain as first prize for the big¬
gest average per acre of cotton, according to the books
after ginning; and second and third prizes as well. We
shall also give three medals for the three cleanest and
best sets of ditches ; and three dress patterns to the
three women who have the cleanest cotton fields, for
the women do that part of the work almost entirely.
This may seem foolish, to spend about $50 in prizes to
working people, but it will pay in better crops and
cleaner fields.

LIORTICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS— I have
bought the best quality of peach, plum and pear trees .
to be planted, a few about each cabin, for the use of

the occupants. I have fig
cuttings from which to
grow trees for the same
purpose. These will en¬
gender a home feeling
among the working peo¬
ple. Rose bushes and
other ornamentals will
be introduced in time.
The plantation grave¬
yard will he fenced, and
a better plan of burial
encouraged, that the
humble toilers may not
think they will be laid
away like brutes, as is
now the case. But all
this is only incidental to
the pecan business. We
have now growing in
nursery enough grafted
pecan trees to plant 600
acres next Fall and
Winter, and more to fol¬
low. I am planting
3,000 pounds of pecans
in nursery form here,
and expect to graft and
bud the seedlings in due
time. I have already set a few grafted pecan trees
on the place, and have a lot of the wild trees cut hack
to induce them to send out shoots that will be budded
next August. These will serve as sources of wood for
budding and grafting in due time.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

GLASSHOUSE VS. HOTBEDS.

Oil page 147, in answer to the query, “Which do you
prefer for an average farm gardener, hotbeds or small
greenhouse?” I note what W. S. Bucklin, Monmouth
Co., N. J., and D. L. Hartman, Pennsylvania, say. It
looks to me as though these correspondents were ad¬
vising along nineteenth century lines, rather than in
accordance with twentieth century knowledge. I have
handled hotbeds for 25 years or more, and feel safe
in saying the advance movement is in favor of some
form of greenhouse for growing seedling plants to
the age of transplanting in outdoor frames. I am just
making this change myself, because I am quite sure a
better plant can be secured for transplanting in cold
frames under glass. One feature, as spoken of by
D. L. H., is the cheapness of the bed. If one takes into
consideration the amount of manure required to heat
a bed of considerable size, and its worthlessness for

AN ICE-COVERED LOUISIANA COTTON FIELD. Fig. 92.

222

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 18,

after purposes, I think it in favor of the house, and
as far as economy of space goes that also is in favor
of the greenhouse. Anyone who has handled any
number of seed hotbeds knows that at least three or
four inches along the back, and from eight to nine
inches along the front, or low side, never grow ideal
plants. This, taken in connection with the thickness

A SMALL LANDSCAPE GARDENER. Fig. 93.

of the lumber used for frames, practically reduces the
inside area 20 per cent.

From watching those who grow their seedling plants
in greenhouses I am confident that a harder plant can
be secured. If one makes a hotbed and uses manure
enough to insure against such weather as we are having
now, and had last season, or in fact to create heat that
will last three weeks, the inside of such a bed will always
be too moist; the air is laden with vapor rising through
the soil, even though the soil in which plants are
growing is too dry. If you attempt raising the sash too
much you let in cold air and damage the young plant,
which is very tender at this stage of its life. On the
other hand, in a house the moisture is never in that
condition. Conditions of heat can be controlled by
the grower much better. Ventilation, if provided for
in building, can always be used without injuring the
plants, as no drafts of cold air come in direct contact
with them. This may not line up altogether with what
I have said some time previous, but I am always ready
to jump down from any rule or hobby and get astride
of anything that I feel is better. In western Gloucester
County, where every farmer grows early vegetable
plants, you will find no manure hotbeds; they all have
small houses for growing their seedling plants. These
houses are so built that regular hotbed sashes are
used, and when the season is over they are taken off
and stored away, leaving nothing but the frames for
hail or wind to wreak its vengeance on. Nearly all these
small houses are heated by flues running the whole
circuit of the house, and entering chimney over furnace,
and wood is mostly used for fuel. I have visited this
section, and have seen the plants ready to be trans¬
planted, and I know they stand up better, require less
shading, and strike root and begin growth sooner than
the average plant grown in a manure hotbed.

New Jersey. c. c. hulsart.

In “Small Greenhouses vs- Hotbeds,” page 147, the
hotbeds seem to have it all their own way. I have
tried both, and the greenhouse has to me at least several
distinct advantages. In this climate in March we are
liable to cold weather that often checks or kills the
tender plants in the hotbeds if the heat is nearly gone.
With the greenhouse it is only a matter of more fuel,
and the plants are all right. Weeding and transplanting
in the hotbed is done in a very cramped and tiring
position. In the greenhouse one sits in a comfortable
attitude, or stands as the case may be. With the
hotbeds rough weather induces as little attention as
possible; with the greenhouse we spend all our time
there to avoid being out of doors, and the plants get
all possible attention. Use hotbed sash for the green¬
house, and draw them entirely off when it comes
hardening time. If you are any way handy with tools
put up you own greenhouse, and one 25 x 8 feet will
cost less than $50. If you have a brick flue, give the
flue a slight rise, and have your smokestack high, or
else it will smoke very badly. p. b. crosby.

Maryland. _

ACETYLENE GAS FOR HOUSE LIGHTING.

In a recent number of The R. N.-Y. was an inquiry
as to best methods of lighting a country home. Before
the inquirer adopts' any plan let him investigate the
merits of acetylene gas. I have had it in use for nearly
three years, and would not exchange it for any other
light if the other was furnished free of cost. In quality
it is the best light known. Diffusive — that is, it lights
up the far corners of the room ; does not vary or waver ;
is strong, yet the flame is not painful to look upon;

shows colors naturally, as sunlight does, and is the best
light for reading purposes, better than electricity in
every way except in convenience; you have to strike a
match to light it. I think it as safe as electricity, far
safer than coal oil lamps, or gasoline gas. The calcium
carbide comes in 100-pound canisters, and looks like
crushed granite, and is as inert and harmless while kept
dry. But pour water upon it and a gas is evolved which
if lighted would make trouble. It is not nearly as dan¬
gerous in the house as city gas, for, as the amount used
at each burner is less than one-fifth as much as city gas,
it would take five times as long to fill a room with it.
Besides, city gas is stupefying, while acetylene is irri¬
tating, and would arouse the sleeper by causing him to
cough. A guest of mine turned out the light and then
thoughtlessly turned the gas on, and left it flow all night
in a small bedroom without harm, or even knowing it,
but the window was open an inch. Twice a burner
five feet from the cook stove was opened by brushing a
cloth against it, and left open an hour or more until the
pungent odor of the gas attracted attention, with no
harm resulting.

The generator, piping, burners, etc., all ready for light¬
ing, cost me for a ] 5-room house $110. In three rooms,
parlor, living room and dining room, I put two burners
each, making 18 burners in all. My generator holds 35
pounds carbide. It does not pay to put in a small one,
as it has to be refilled too often. The generator should
be put in some outhouse or cellar, or in a place built
for it, but must be protected from freezing. Mine is
under my water tank, with two feet of sawdust around
it, and with double doors, between which I stuff a tick
filled with straw in zero weather. The room is 4 x 4,
six feet high inside; might be all or partly in the ground
if cheaper. Calcium carbide costs here $6.25 per 100
pounds ; can be bought East from $3.25 to $3.75. It is
far cheaper than electricity to use, and is cheaper than
coal oil for the same quantity of light. The burners are

WELL-BLOOMED HARDY HYDRANGEAS. Fig. 94.

numbered *4 foot, Y foot and one foot, meaning the
number of cubic feet of gas they will burn in an hour.
The %-foot gives a light about equal to a 16-candle
electric bulb, and is the size for pantry, bathroom or
small bedroom. A one-foot burner gives light equal to
a Rochester coal oil lamp. I have two one-foot burners
in my dining room and parlor also, but seldom use but
one of them. One pound of carbide produces five cubic
feet of gas, so anyone can figure how far it will go, and
what the cost will be. The generating plant is entirely
automatic and has only to be refilled with carbide and
the water tank emptied of the slime and refilled with
water once a month or so. It takes me about 10 minutes
to do it, as I have a water pipe from tank overhead, and
the slime is simply drawn off into a drain. The slime
or refuse is excellent whitewash and a good disinfectant.

Montana. _ w. b. harlan.

A HOME MARKET FOR BUTTERMILK ,

I notice an article on page 606 “An Old Man on An Old
Farm in giving us what he received from his 50-acre farm,
he says he received for butter .$182.22 ; for buttermilk
$169.33. Will he tell us where he disposed of his buttermilk,
at what price per gallon or quart, etc.? What kind of
package did he put it up in, if he shipped it to some city or
sold it to local trade? I would like to know if any readers
of The R. N.-Y. know of a market in the cities for butter¬
milk and what price it would be likely to bring. I am send¬
ing my milk, about 200 pounds per day, to a butter factory
that is making 600 to 800 pounds of butter per day, that
is now bringing 32 cents per pound. The buttermilk is put
in with the skimmed milk, and the farmers feed it to their
hogs. If we could sell this buttermilk as the old man did
his it would add materially to our dividends. R. f.

I usually go to market, eight miles distant, from once
to three times per week, peddling all sorts of produce
grown upon the farm, always taking along what butter¬
milk happens to be on hand, selling direct to the con¬
sumer at 10 cents per gallon' the year round. During the
Winter we hardly ever have anywhere near enough to
supply the demand. It is used during the Summer sea¬
son for drinking and making “flannel cakes,” and during

cold weather mainly for making buckwheat' cakes. We
are careful to have it good, especially during warm
weather. Physicians prescribe it for their patients fre¬
quently, and several .of them use it in their own families.
We do not separate or skim our milk, but churn the
whole. Some people churn the cream only, and then mix
the skim-milk with the buttermilk, churning the mixture
enough thoroughly to mix, and sell it for buttermilk;
such is poor stuff to drink, but may answer to make
cakes. We use the old style of butter firkins, holding
about 13 gallons each in place of cans, using muslin
under the covers to make them fit tight. It is surpris¬
ing how much buttermilk some families will use if the

article is "ood and fresh. I have frequently sold from
three to five gallons per week to a family.

_ _ OLD LUZERNE.

PUMPING WATER FROM A DISTANCE.

I wish to pipe water from my well, which is 30 feet dis¬
tant from my house, into the same. I would like to do
a good job, one that will be the most effective and cheap¬
est in the end. The well is 19 feet deep, and the lowest

point to which the water recedes during a dry time is

about four feet deep. The depth of trench in which pipe

will be laid is four feet, making a lift of 11 feet out of
well at low water. Besides this there will be a lift of
11 feet from cellar to pump spout, pump to be in kitchen.
It will require 60 feet of pipe and five elbows to convey
the water according to programme laid out. What size
and quality of pipe would I better use? Would it lie ad¬
visable to give it a coat of paint or coal tar to keep it

from rusting? What kind, size and make of pump will do
the work effectively, and at the same time easily? Will a
common cistern pump do it? How best manage pump and
its connections to accomplish these results? Would the
water be affected by contact with the pipe? d. h.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

What D. J. H. seeks to do is entirely practicable, but
he must get the cylinder of the pump not over 20 feet
above the low-water level in the well. He may use
here an ordinary lift pump of any good make with a
set length of four feet; that is, the cylinder is four feet
below the platform of the pump. The main obstacle to
be overcome in drawing water from a distance is the
friction of the water in passing through the suction
pipe. If the distance is great, say several hundred feet,
and the pipe is small, it cannot be done even where the
vertical elevation is not great. There will be no diffi¬
culty here, however, but it will be well to use lj/2-inch
pipe and place a foot valve at the water in the well,
which is to keep the pipe filled with water. He says he
will use five elbows. This will not be prohibitory, but
it will be better if he can get along with two, as it
will make the water pump more easily than if there are
five right angles. A pump with a two and one-half to
three inch cylinder will be about what is required. Gal¬
vanized pipe should be used, and it will need no painting.
It is well to place it at the depth underground men¬
tioned, as it will be out of the way of frost, and as
the cylinder will be in the cellar, there should be no
difficulty in Winter on account of freezing. A house
or cistern pump with the cylinder close to the
spout would be a little risky in this case, and a
lift pump with four-foot set length, as stated
above, will be surest. A foot valve should be got with
a strainer, and this will keep out leaves, dirt, etc. The
water will not be affected by the pipe, but whether or
not the water in the well would need aeration or not I
am not able to say. It would depend somewhat upon
the water itself and the amount used. The Myers
pumps are fitted with an aerator, which is simply a
small return pipe which may be laid by the suction pipe,
and terminating low down in the well. Air is forced
through this, and passes out through the water. It is an
excellent device, especially for cisterns which have no
filters.

It is strange that more people do not take advan¬
tage of this method of getting water in the kitchen,
where it is constantly used for different purposes.
Wells, and especially springs, are often some little dis-

MOLD FOR CONCRETE WALL. Fig. 95,

tance from the farmhouse, and the labor and time re¬
quired in carrying water from them in a year are large
items if taken in account. If their water level is not
over 20 feet below where a pump cylinder can be placed
beneath the kitchen sink, and the distance from the
house is not over 300 or 400 feet, water can be pumped
from them, more easily than from some deep wells.

G. D,

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

223

CONCRETE FOR FARM USE.

Part II.

In building a house first get down to solid ground.
If there is to be a cellar under the house the wall should
go at least four to six inches below the cellar floor. In
dry soils similar to parts of Minnesota and the Da¬
kotas the earth can be cut straight down flush with
the outside finished wall and the concrete built against
it, no forms being needed till, the surface is reached:
In a climate like New York or Pennsylvania, where
there is a liberal rainfall, or on soil that is apt to hold
moisture, the excavation should be two feet larger than
the house is to be, so that the wall can be plastered and
coated with asphalt to exclude moisture. In wet soils
drain tile should be laid just below and outside the
wall, and connected with a drain leading away from
the house. Planks should be set up inside and outside
where the wall is not built against the earth and well
braced, for the accuracy of the wall depends on the
location of those planks. Set posts about four feet
apart clear around, and brace them well. Put down
one course of planks on edge, and you are then ready
for the concrete, which should be mixed as follows :
Cement, one part; clean sand, three parts; and if gravel
can be secured as above described, six parts. If gravel
is all of about the same size not more than four parts
can be used.

Spread the gravel evenly and about six inches thick
on a smooth floor. Next spread the sand on the gravel,
and follow with the cement. Then two men with
shovels, facing each other, begin at one side of the
pile, and turn it over, shoveling from the bottom, so
as to let all parts mix thoroughly. Repc * the turning,
dry, and then wet, and turn twice more. If the work¬
men are careful the mixing will be well d<?ne. It will
be turned once or twice more before it is left in the
wall. Put from six to 12 inches in the wall at a time,
tamping as put in, being careful not to tamp enough to
bulge the planks. When tamped, if enough mortar
comes to the surface completely to hide the gravel, then
more gravel can be used. If the mortar does not come
to the top, that is, if there is so much gravel that the
mortar does not fill the voids, less gravel should be
used. If the planks are left in place the work may
progress rapidly. If the planks are removed each course
one foot thick should be 48 hours old before the next
course is applied.

Window and door frames are put in position and the
wall built around them. The remainder of the walls
may be built in this way, but it will require a lot of
planking. If this lumber can be used for barns or other
buildings that is is no objection. Another method is
shown in the illustration, Fig. 95, which needs very
little explanation. The planks are held in position by
bolts at top and bottom about two inches from
the edges. These bolts should be about four feet
apart. Place the inside of the outer plank just
flush with the outer face of the wall. Cut blocks
as long as the wall is to be thick and set them
between the planks at points near the bolts. Screw
the nuts up snug, remove the blocks and you are
ready for the concrete. There should be enough
of these molds to reach clear around the build¬
ing or at least for two days’ work. For sub¬
sequent courses the lower bolts should rest on the
finished wall, which spaces the bottom of the
planks. The top can be spaced with blocks as
before. The planks will warp slightly, but this
can be remedied by reversing the sides each time.

There will be small holes left by the bolts, but
they will be filled by the plastering.

For the plastering mix mortar about 2 r/2 to
one. Let it stand over night, and then break
if mixed fresh, but it will set slower the sec¬
ond time, and that is what the plasterer wants,
for it gives him time to work it. After it is
finished, well set and dried, then paint and sand.

It is important that the walls be kept damp till
the plastering is done. If the concrete is molded
in blocks and properly set before it is put into
the wall the wetting is not so important. The
outer walls of any house in any climate should
have an air space. It was my pleasure — I say pleasure,
for an important point was impressed on my mind —
to sleep in a south room of a solid concrete house
several nights last Summer, and it was almost an
oven. Furring strips should be placed on the inside of
the wall, and lath and plaster on them. To remove the
danger of the walls cracking, continuous belts of tie or
angle iron may be built into the wall at points just be¬
low the floors and plates, and above the windows.

This is the cheapest way to build a concrete house,
for the molding is done in the wall, and requires less
handling and larger stones can be used, thus requiring
less cement. With brick cheap and sand and gravel
inconvenient, a brick house should be cheaper. Tf a
farmer is enough of a mechanic to put up the' wall and
has teams and boys to help, the concrete may be best
for him, for he will not require the expensive skilled
labor. If the water used in construction carries salt,
alkali or any mineral substance in quantity the salt

will exude from the walls and color them. Sand from
the ocean beach or brick that has been in salt water
will do this. Concrete mixed with the same water that
lime mortar is mixed will not exude any more than
the brick wall would. This exudation is caused by
moisture in the wall. If the wall is painted when
thoroughly dry the trouble will be stopped. If anyone
is interested in this subject and doubts my statements
let him get a barrel of cement and experiment for him¬
self. If he goes at it intelligently he can learn a whole
lot. E. j ■ HERMANS.

FEEDING A STOCK OF BACTERIA.

At various limes I have seen articles in the different
agricultural papers in reference to the use of nitro-culture,
or of applying to the Department of Agriculture at Wash-

NITRO-CULTURE IN ORIGINAL PACKAGES. Fig. 96.

ington for a trial package of these germs. The stuff is com¬
pared to a yeast cake, and is to be soaked in a certain
amount of water, that to be sprayed on the seed. The
amount obtainable is described as “enough for one acre." If
the cake of germs is like a yeast cake, then the volume of
water becomes a germ culture. If this is the case, then
a portion of the infected water can be added to another
barrel or tub of water, and this entire quantity will become
fully infected and permeated with the desired germs. This
being done, the first little cake has been the “seed” or
“starter” of enough infected water to spray the entire
amount of leguminous seeds. Is the above the true course
of events, or is it a theory? If the germs multiply in the
water, then this would be the natural course of events. But,
on the contrary, if the water is a medium of separation and
division into smaller parts, then, of course, this is simply
a theory. c. t. p.

Cazenovia, N. Y.

How the Bacteria Acts.

%

There is some misapprehension about the way in
which these bacteria are sent and handled. It is hardly
fair to say that they come in the form of a yeast cake.

soil or seed or spreading in other water. That this
can be done is shown by the following letter from
Prof. J. B. Lipmar, of the New Jersey Exp. Station.
Fig- 96 is taken from the bulletin issued by Prof. Geo.
1 . Moore, of the Department of Agriculture. It shows
the exact size of the packages and the box which con¬
tains them.

Breeding the Bacteria in Water.

It is quite feasible to secure large quantities of in¬
oculation material on the farm by furnishing the proper
conditions for the growth of the bacteria contained in
the original culture. Your correspondent’s suggestion
as to the increase of the bacteria in a rain parrel filled
with warm water would be essentially sound provided
that this water contained in solution the necessary ma¬
terials which the bacteria use as food, and which they
must have, in order to multiply to any extent. You
are aware of the fact that the Department of Agri¬
culture in sending out cultures of legume bacteria en¬
closes also the necessary nutrient salts. Moreover, the
salt solution, if too concentrated, will inhibit the growth
of the bacteria, and if too dilute will make possible only
slight development. Hence, with the nutrient salts sup¬
plied in proper quantity, and with the temperature of
the liquid at 70 to 80 degrees, the farmer could se¬
cure unlimited quantities of inoculation material by
starting with a pure culture from some bacteriological
laboratory. One possible or even probable difficulty
might be encountered, however, under these circum¬
stances. This difficulty would be due to the fact that
the nutrient salts thus dissolved would furnish favor¬
able food, not alone for the legume bacteria, but also for
many other species which might get into the barrel from
the dust particles floating in the air, or from other
sources of contamination. The contaminating bacteria
could under conditions favorable for their development
increase very rapidly, and thus reduce greatly the value
of the whole material for inoculation purposes. By pre¬
viously sterilizing the rain barrel, or other vessel used
for the purpose, and by keeping it covered, this difficulty
might be largely overcome. Jacob g, lipman.

Soil Chemist New Jersey Station.

THE NE PLUS MEURIS PEAR. Fig. 97.

See Ruralisms, Page 232.

I*ig. 96 shows the box in which they are sent. There
arc three packages. Instead of a “yeast cake,” when
you open the package of bacteria you find a small wad
of cotton, dry and slightly stained. Those who ex¬
pected to see the bacteria crawling about will be dis¬
appointed. This cotton was soaked in a liquid full of
bacteria, and then dried; when dry it still contained
the bacteria in a condition not unlike that of dry seed —
alive, but useless until supplied with moisture and food.
The other little packages contain food for the bacteria.
When the cotton is put in clean water one package is
emptied in. This contains granulated sugar, phosphate
of potash and sulphate of magnesium. The other pack¬
age contains phosphate of ammonia, and is put in 24
hours later. These substances simply provide food for
the bacteria, which, when put in water with their food,
wake up and begin work— that is, they multiply and
spread all through the water, giving it a milky appear¬
ance. Here you have them in condition for inoculating

FIT PUNISHMENT TO CRIME.

A few weeks ago you had an editorial advising
punishment for reckless automobile driving by imprison¬
ment, as the fine to wealthy auto owners was no
punishment. For a long time I have felt that all our
laws regarding misdemeanors should be changed.
“Punishment should fit the crime,” but should be as
near equal to the rich or the poor. Our present system
of fines is wrong in principle and unjust in practice.
A man earning two dollars a day gets drunk and is
fined, $10, which is, with the costs, more than a week’s
wages working hard. Another man with an in¬
come, in idleness, of $2 a minute, gets drunk;
if he is arrested — which is very doubtful— and
fined — still more doubtful — the fine of $10 is no
punishment or preventive. In the first case not
only is the man a sufferer, but his whole family.
A rich man gets drunk, attacks a workman, in¬
jures him severely, is arrested, fined $20. Hi*
victim loses days of pay which he may recovef
by suit at law, but he is poor and can’t employ
counsel or pay legal fees or get bondsmen to
guarantee costs of action. Supposing that fine?
were assessed — if we must have fines — at so many
days’ income; the laborer five days’ income $io;
the rich five days’ income ; would it not be more
equable? For myself I don’t believe in bribing
justice in any way. Rich or poor, let all be
treated alike before the law. Imprisonment with
labor for the county, would soon reduce minor
crimes, and our jails, instead of being too small,
would soon be too large, when everyone under¬
stood that imprisonment was the sure outcome of
wrong doing. Again, why should one man be
bailed by money and another forced to await
his trial in prison? Do away with the bail bond
and you do away with one incentive to put off
trials. I remember a case where a witness, a poor
man, was kept in prison two years while the cul¬
prit was out on bail, and in the end only got four years
as librarian of a prison library with his luxurious
living sent in from outside. george l. clark.

A Nevada man recently died at the age of 83. who attrib¬
uted his good health to total abstinence from bathing for a
period of 20 years. According to his own statement, he had
not even washed his hands and face for that period. No
doubt his premature death may be attributed to ablutionary
indiscretions in early life.

M.v farm consists of 100 acres, two miles from the village
of Bothwell ; 75 acres cleared, 25 in timber. The soil Is a
sandy loam. On the high ground the soil is a little thin ;
it produces from 50 to 75 bushels of corn per acre. Under
proper management we get fair crops of oats and hay. Hogs
and stock are the principal crops raised. I am trying to

If 1 su<icee<J I shall go entirely into stock, but
all my. neighbors so far have made a failure of it The
farm gives me a profit of $300 to $400 per vear Some of
my neighbors make more and some less. This section of the
country has fine grazing lands : the pastures remain green
when farms on the clay are dried up. Land without anv
buildings runs from $25 to $30 per acre. Mv living expenses

d0Bno°thwTnUOnt0 mUch’ my boy and myself do all the work.

224

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 18,

Pruning Fig Trees.

G. TF. F., Newport, R. I. — I hare four
Angouleme (I think that is the name) fig
trees, six or seven feet high. Will you in¬
form me how to prune and when to prune
them ?

Ans. — The fig trees are probably in a
greenhouse, and where they have limited
room. If in the open and in one of the
Southern States, I would say not to prune
at all, for fig trees rarely require it. Un¬
der house culture they must be kept
within bounds, and any pruning that will
serve to prevent a straggling growth and
yet not thicken the top too much. Fig
trees should not have too rich ground,
under such circumstances, or they will
grow too thriftily and not bear well.
Where they have plenty of room it is
quite different. h. e. van deman.

What Makes the Best Tank ?

Z. C. R., Waterbury, Conn. — I am prepar¬
ing to put in waterworks this Spring, and
am going to put up a tank, sending the water
to it with a small gasoline engine. I shall
use the water for all purposes, drinking and
ali, as it is to come from a fine well, and
I want to know which is best to use, a
wooden or iron tank? I want to use a tank
holding about 1,000 gallons. Some tell me
wood will flavor the water, others say not,
but that iron will surely taste ; some say
wood is the most durable and others that
iron will last longer. I would like to have
a little discussion started in your “all-right"
paper, and hear what the people who have
had actual experience in the use of the dif¬
ferent kinds have to say about it. I don't
care to hear what the agents of any- particu¬
lar kind have to say, for they will prove to
you without the least effort that one made
of brown paper is all right, and the best on
the market.

Ans. — We want actual experience. Will
those of our readers who have a pref¬
erence tell us why one tank is better than
another?

A Dripping Chimney.

M. E. C., Trumansbury, N. Y. — We are
burning wood this Winter in our sitting-room
stove, and are much annoyed by a dark, ill¬
smelling liquid that forms in the chimney,
dripping down upon wall and ceiling from
the chamber above. What is the cause of
this, and how is it remedied?

Ans. — We had a discussion of this
matter in 1001, when we found 'tine
trouble quite common with wood fires.
The troublesome drip complained of is
pyroligneous acid, which consists of some
of the wood carbohydrates in solution in
water. The vapors from the burning
wood are condensed on entering the cold
chimney, and must find some place *of
escape. If the wood is well dried and
seasoned, there is ordinarily but little
trouble. Even what is known as dry
wood contains a good deal of water, and
it is evident that lengthy seasoning is
required to obviate the difficulty with
drip. Next comes a good draught, which
will carry the vapors out of the chimney.
The drip is most troublesome with a
crooked or indirect chimney, or where the
fires are not kept going all the time, so
that the chimney is cold- We can only
advise well-dried wood, and a strong
draft when the fire is replenished, so
that the vapors are driven out of the
chimney at once.

Oats in Arkansas Orchard.

R. A. Archillion, Ark. — I wish to set out
25 acres of orchard on some sandy bottom
land. I expect to plant oats and set the
trees In them, using a hoe around the trees
if oats tend to crowd. I cannot thrash the
oats, and will cut green for a soiling crop,
plow the land and replant in cow peas, using
the hoe again. I shall cut these peas for
hay and replant in peas, allowing the sec¬
ond crop to fall down as a mulch. Please
criticise.

Ans. — The criticism I would make is,
that oats are about the worst crop that
could be grown in a young orchard, or in
any orchard. I would no more think of
setting an orchard in an oatfield than
of trying to pasture sheep along with
a pack of wolves. It would be very little
benefit to hoe patches about the trees, for
the surrounding ground being covered
with oats will sap it of moisture to a
very serious degree. All kinds of small
grain crops are bad for orchards, because
they admit of no tillage and are greedy
for moisture and fertility, but oats grow
so late and make such a very heavy
draft on the moisture and fertility of

the soil that it is especially injurious to
trees. Never, never put an oat crop in
any orchard. As a Winter cover crop,
sown about September or October, it is
very good, but not nearly so good as
vetch or Crimson clover. All things con¬
sidered, a corn crop is best for the case
inquired about, with cow peas planted in
when the corn is laid by. Or, it would be
all right to work the land into fine con¬
dition up to May and then plant cow
peas in drills 2 / feet apart and culti¬
vate them two or three times. After their
pods begin to turn yellow, or a little be¬
fore, they can be cut gradually and fed,
or made into hay and cured, which will
be in July in Arkansas, if an early kind
is planted ; and then the stubble plowed
under and another crop of cow peas
planted and treated the same way. The
last crop will get near enough mature to
harvest before frost, h. e. van deman-

Grafted PARAGON CHESTNUT TREES for

Sale. Also True Paragon Chestnut Scions. Write
for prices to C. K. SOBER, Lewisburg, Union Co., Pa.

.VVVWVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVfcVV*

; Over 300 Acres $

5 of our own fruit trees planted in our own or- 5
5 chards. Our experience in selecting varieties 5
> ought to be valuable to you. We grow and offer $
/ for sale a judicious selection of apple, peach, £
f pear, plum and cherry trees that are true to name >
5 and at prices to suit you. Grape vinos, currants. >
5 berry plants and other stock also. Catalogue £
2 free on request. BARNES BROS- NURSERY £
5 CO., Box 8, Yalesville. Conn. , 5

</VWVWWWWWWWWWWW*^WWx'

Plant Boxes

Zinc coated for raising all kinds
of plants in and transplanting to the
field with all the roots and soil. No
set back, regardless of the weather.

The same boxes can be used for
years. Tomatoes three weeks earlier by New methods.
How we grow 900 baskets Tomatoes to the acre, and for¬
ward Lima Beans.M elons,etc..in very short time, and how
we make cloth transparent for f rames,all told in book that
is Free to all who write to L. G. TUTTLE, Wallingford, Conn.

BERRY PLANTS— 23d Annual Catalogue free.
Climax only $2.00 per 1.000. Lucretia Dewberry,
$4 00. Best plants at bottom prices .

SLAYMAKER & SON. Dover, Del.

f'l ACC Black and Dewberry Plants $3-95

ULAOO per 1,000.

GEORGE SINES, Pomerania, N. J.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY

PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Strawberry Plants

Climax the leading middle early variety; Crimson
Cluster the best late variety, more productive than
the Gandy and 50 other varieties. Send for price list
to D. RODWAY, Hartly, Del.

If Yon Are Planting

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

WM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie, Splendid, Clyde. Barton's Eclipse, Sample,
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

PEAGH

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R.S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del,

BUY PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY PLANTS

of the Originator. Send for circular.

THOMAS R. HUNT, Lambertville. N. J.

cn nnn UAVMAlfCD New Money-Making Rasp-
OUjUuU nAT lYIAlxCn berry. Net profit $400.00 per
•ere. Finest catalog. W. Scarff, New Carlisle, O.

PEDIGREED PEACH TREES ■ ■

New Fruits and Berries— Low Prices.
Everything for the Fruit Grower. Catalog FREE
LINDSLEY’S NURSERIES, Whlteliouse.N. J.

ASPARAGUS § RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CUL1N, Mt. Holly, N. J.

I nnn nnn asparagus roots— The

■ UUUyUUU Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-page
Catalogue. It is FREE to those who mention Rural
New-Yorker. MOORE & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

ALL TH^USlNEEDED
" TO APPLY

I

S

Gan be Applied by

ANY FARM HAND

NO ESPECIAL skill is required to apply Ruberoid Roofing. It can be
laid on your house, barns, poultry-houses, etc , by any handy m in
With each roll we furnish sufficient nails, tin caps, and Riiberine
Cement. You only need a pair of hands and a hammer to do the rest.

Standard for Fourteen Years

Ruberoid is and has been for fourteen years the standard by which
roofing quality is measured. It was the first weather-proof and elastic
reidy-to-lay roofing placed upon the market, and th re is more of it in use
to-day than of any other roofing. Contains no tar or paper. Will not melt
rot or tear. Highly fire resisting.

Ruberoid R ofirg outlasts tin, iron, and shingles. Lasts indefinitely with
ordinary attention.

Do not be imposed upon by inferior imitations. Look for the regh tered
trade-mark “RUBEROID,” stamped on the under side, every four feet. No
other is genuine. Send for samples and booklet.

STANDARD PAINT CO.

THE SOLE MANUFACTURERS

100 ..WILLIAM STREET NEW YORK

STRAWBERRY. Olive’s Pride, the best straw¬
berry. Does well anywhere, vigorous grower. Large
size fruit, firm, exceeding productive, free from all
disease. 45 varieties of high-grade plants, etc.

", W. Hall, M

structive catalogue free. J.

ln-

arion Sta., Md.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

1.75 per thousand.

- circular s free.

PINE HILL FRUIT FARM, Center Brook, Conn.

JAPAN WALNUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees.
Fruits at 2 years, 7 by mall $1.00.

STAYMAN’S WINESAP,

Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. BARNHART, Denton, Maryland

Carden Huckleberry

This is theyoming fruit for farm and market. Will
yield more than any other berry known. Good as the
best. Will not rot or drop off. Grows from seed and
ripens the same summer.. Will keep fresh for
months. Can be put on the market all winter. It's
a bonanza for fruit growers or gardeners. Send 25
cents, enough to grow 25 bushels.

A . WILDER, R a n d a 1 i a , Iowa.

PLANT CRIMSON-CLUSTER, the best late straw¬
berry. Send for free 24 page catalogue describing 65
choice variaties at lowest prices; it will save you
money. W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.

FOR FRUIT and SHADE. Flower¬
ing Shrubs, etc. Catalogue for 1905
sent FREE.

ESTABLISHED IN 184a

EDWIN ALLEN & SON, New Brunswick. N.J.

TREES

450,000 TREES

ROW varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits etc. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Desc. price list free. Lewis ltoessh, Fredonia, N. Y.

RUBY RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and to-day is ahead of all others for profit to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list.

C. G. VELIE & SON, Marlborough, N. Y.
VaUey View Fruit Farm.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and

accurately describes 216 varieties of
_. ’ fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distn-
' bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

R

' UPRIGHT AND CLIMBING
[ in great variety. Full line of
i trees, flowers, fruits described
in our new catalog. Write for a
copy, then send us an order —
you’ll like what you buy of us.
GROVER NURSERY CO.,

71 Trust Bldg., Rochester, H.Y.

CARDEN

PORCH

TRELLIS

Strawberry Plants

and Seed Potatoes.

You can make more money. if
you plant intelligently. W rite
and tell us about your soil.
We’ll send you our Free Descrlptiva
Book. Over 100 varieties. "

THE FLANSBURG & PEIRS0N CO.

LESLIE, MICH.

80 VARIETIES

BEST NEW and
Standard Straw'by,
ltas’by. Grape and
Blk’by plants, Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. R. WESTON & CO.

R. F. I). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

20 KINDS $ I

Awarded the GRAND PRIZE

B U RT ’S

D i Ul I A C (highest honor) at St. Louis Ex-
1 1 f\ 1 1 1 I Zl ^ position. Catalogue free.

I £ p BURTi . Taunton. Mass.

IVTATIVE EVERGREENS — Balsam Fir, Arbor
1 ~ Vitw, Am. Spruce, li to 12 in., $4 per 1,000, 5,000
for $15. White Pine and Hemlock $5 per 1,000, 5,000
for $20. Also Fresh Apple Seed, crop of 1904. Write
for Price List. Mrs. JAMES A. ROOT,

Skaneateles, N. Y.

Rathbun & Wilson Jr. and

Lucretia Dewberry Plants

and Strawberry Plants

at $1.50 and $2.00 per 1.000. I will sell 3,000 Rathbun
Root Cuttings for $24.00. My Catalogue will tell you
how to plant them, 1 am headquarters for first class
stock. D. W. MOsLEY, Dover, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200,000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK, Hlghtstown, N.J.

Willowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayman. Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits. Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berberis Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKESTRAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Penna.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

have certain grades and varieties of Japan Plums.
Pears, Peach, Apple and Sour Cherry In sur¬
plus, and until same is reduced will quote special
price. When you write name what you want, in
variety and grade you can use. Catalogue free.

B. 3, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

DON’T BUY

Trees until
you see our
1905 Catalog of 62 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY
R. F. D. No. 6. Newark, New York

GRAPE VINES

Irtg Currants, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2o (tamp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T. S. HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

225

THE ATLANTIC STRAWBERRY.

I notice on page 171 W. A. B. asks if there
is a variety of strawberry called “Atlantic.”
The Atlantic was originated by David L.
I’Otter in Ilammonton, N. J., and intro¬
duced by Wm. P. Bassett & Son in 1883.
It is a large, rather dark colored berry, very
firm, quality equal to the best, and a strong
"rower as well as heavy bearer on good
ground ; but it will not bear neglect or
poor soil. . J. M. b.

W. A. B., page 171, asks about the “At¬
lantic” strawberry. Yes, if I remember cor¬
rectly, it came out about 1888 or 1890 —
perhaps before ; was introduced by Wm. F.
Bassett, of Ilammonton, N. J. It was a
very late berry, conical, medium red, of fair
size, and looked as if varnished, presenting
a good appearance in the crate. It was a
very good shipper, and on this account and
its time of ripening was popular in some
sections. I grew it, but it was not produc¬
tive enough here to be profitable and was
discarded. I think in some sections of New
York State it is still quite a favorite, though
I never see it catalogued any more. I think
it is grown around Oswego, if I have been
informed correctly. chas. wright.

Delaware. _

How to Plant Pear Trees.

Ji. S. J., Medina, N. Y. — I am going to set
out a pear orchard in the Spring and would
like to know how to set the trees, so they
will be straight, also how deep to dig the
holes. They are to be three-year-old Bart¬
lett and Ivieffer ; also about an acre of
peaches two years old.

We would set pear trees three years
old not less than 20 feet apart, in holes
so that when the trees were set the bud
would be level with the ground before the
ground is plowed up to the trees. We
would set the trees leaning slightly to¬
ward the west, and when they are strong
enough to resist in part the predominat¬
ing west winds, they will be quite
straight. Also, we would place the larg¬
est roots to the west.

EUGENE COLLAMER.

First select land that is naturally well
drained; plant 20 feet apart each way, 25
is better; dig hole 18 inches deep, trim
the roots and tops moderately, incline
the bodies slightly to the prevailing
winds, plant them, on an average, from
three to four inches deeper than they
stand in a nursery. For the bottom of
the holes, use surface soil wholly for
planting the trees. I understand from
your letter that this is for standard
trees; the roots should be firmly packed
when planted. Follow with two forkfuls
of manure around each tree, turn two
slight furrows towards them and culti¬
vate. ALBERT WOOD.

If I could see the land and judge of
the soil and location I could tell very
much better how to plan the orchard, dig
the holes and depth of planting. In the
first place, I would not set the Kieffers
at all ; too many are now planted ; the
tide has turned and many are being
taken out, and many more will be in a
few years. I was talking with a dealer
only a few days ago who pifj a lot of
Kieffers in cold storage last Fall at $k
per barrel, and he said he could not find
anybody who wanted them, and he would
not be able to get out whole. But pre¬
suming everything is just right as to soil,
location and lay of the land. I would not
put the trees nearer than 24 feet apart
each way; would dig the holes so as to
have the trees stand a very little deeper
in the ground than they stood in the
nursery, for they will gradually raise up
a little by the growth of the roots. I
am no advocate of the Stringfellow plan
for western New York. I would dig the
holes large enough to take the entire root
system by simply cutting the ends of the
roots back of all bruises, and without
bending; then I would, with a bar, loosen
up the soil as deep as possible under
where the tree was to set. I would lean
the trees a little to the southwest and
pack the soil very firmly about all roots,

and tramp hard about the tree when set;
then scatter a little loose soil over the
surface to act as a mulch. I would then
shorten in the top, leaving only such
limbs as I wished to have form the
foundation of the future top. If T set
the Kieffers I would try grafting them
the second year to Beurre Bose, as I am
told that does very well on the Kieffer
stock. Years ago a nursery friend of
mine showed me a lot of Bartlett trees

which he said had been moved about a
great many times, being in all cases the
culls of the blocks, and asked me to take
100 and plant them as an experiment.
He said he would give me the trees, and
if after two years I was not satisfied
he would pay me for my trouble, as he
would like to know if with good treat¬
ment they would not succeed- I planted
them as above, and cut the tops back to
the stub, which in many cases was an
inch and a half in diameter — in fact, the
trees were what an Englishman would
call “a. rum lot.” I gave them good culti¬
vation, and never had a lot of trees do
better or make a finer orchard. If the
soil is right much more depends upon the
future treatment of the orchard than
upon the way it is set out, but this is a
subject foreign to the question.

j. s. WOODWARD.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

1905

Garden Book

is replete with informa¬
tion for gardeners. A
book of 224 pages, pro¬
fusely illustrated. Six
full-page colored plates.
Mailed to old customers
without request. Send
to anyone on receipt of
ten cents, which amount
may be deducted from
first order. When writ¬
ing please mention this
magazine.

menryA.Dreer, 714 Chestnut St..PhilaT,PaJ

- RR?t -

I

are known by what they have
grown. For half a century they
have been the standard— haven’t
failed once to produce bigger, bet¬
ter crops than any others. Sold
by all dealers. 1905 Seed An¬
nual free to all applicants.

O. M. FERRY & CO.,
Detroit, Mich.

Abington yielded over 300 bu. per acre in matted rows.
Circular free. Lester Blanchard, Abington, Mass.

Seed Potatoes and Oats

Most profitable varieties. None better.

Pure Early Rose and Sir Walter Raleigh, bu. $1.00.
bbl. $3.50. White Shonen oats. bu. 60c., 10 bu. $5.00.
New Golden Fleece oats, bu. $1.00.

R. \V. McAllen. Fannettsburg, Pa.

SWEDISH SELECT OATS

Described by the TJ. S- Dept. Agriculture: "Now
probably the best American oat.” We want to tell
you why. Description, price list for the asking. Also
Sir Walter Raleign potatoes. J. M. Fluke, Nankin. O.

WANTED— The opinion of potato growers on a
new variety of promise. It seems to be superior
in yield, quality, beauty, and freedom from disease.
Season medium. No restrictions. A medium sized
tuber mailed for ten cents. M. Crawford. Cuyahoga
Falls, O. R. 11.

PecLigrccdL Seeds

“SWEDISH SELECT” Seed Oats, the most
popular White Oats in the world. Very heavy, early
and great cropper, Wisconsin grown, thoroughly
cleaned. PRICE, $1 per bushel; 10 bushel lots, 90c
per bushel. REID’S YELLOW DENT Seed Corn,
pure bred, fire dried and tested, shipped in ear, in
crates, $2 per bushel. Order at once. Circular sent
free. L. C. BROWN, La Grange, Illinois-
P S. — (I am managing editor of The Prairie Farmer
and sell only purebred seed.)

Unique Collection

Japanese, Muroran and Soramame, German, Swedish,
Mexican and Bush Multifiora Beans, one packet each,
postpaid 50c. Write for prices on Peas, Beans, Oats,
Corn, etc. EDW. E. EVANS, West Branch, Mich.

Crosby Early Sweet Corn.

a pure strain for seed, in quantities from one
to two hundred bushels for immediate delivery
at $2 50 per bushel f. o. b. express or freight.
Cash with order.

RIVERSIDE FARM
Nashua - New Hampshire

Hardie
Spray Pumps

Pear affected by the San
Jose Scale which annual¬
ly destroys 110,000,000
worth of fruit.

are the fruit growers best
protection against all In¬
sects and diseases which
attack fruit trees. The
Hardie Spray Pump is the
simplest, strongest, most
durable and highest pres¬
sure spray pump made
and "It works so easy.”

Send today for our free
book on Spraying giving
all the best formulas and
Information about how the successful fruit
growers make big money. Just a request on a
postal will bring this valuable book.

_ HOOK -HARD 1C CO.

*11 MKHANIC ST. HUISON, IIISN.

AULIFLOWER SEED

KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

CHD CAI c— CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5.50
lUn OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

Milford. Delaware.

DOT1TACC grown especially for SEED. 15
f U I A I U HO varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

IRISH COBBLER SEED POTATOES $11.00 per
* barrel. JOHN HERR SHENK, Lancaster. Pa.

niQ A Oats are the heaviest and best yielders I ever
Dlu 4 grew. even plump berry. 50c. perbu. in lots of

ten or more

grew, even plump berry. 50c. perbu. in lots
lore; bags free.fcJ. S. Tilton, Norwalk. O.

POTATOES-Blush.Bovee, Carman, Harvest, 6 Weeks,
Ohio, Reliance, 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

SEED SOWERS £!! S

and up. Booklet with Calendar free.
OUCi SEEDER MFO CO . Box 4, Homer, Mich.

THE SUFFOLK TOMATO

The best shipping and selling tomato ever i ntroduced.
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c.
pkt. or $1.00 per oz., with special cultural directions.
SUFFOLK FARMS, Wyandaneli, L. I., N. Y.

Introduced in ignc Strongest in Vitality

Hand*ome»tln Appearance. Moat
Desirable In Shape and Size.
Beet all the Year Round Potato

Other 1905 leaders are Vt. Gold
Coin, Ey. Roser, Vornehm, Noro-

Uli.| ii _ ton Beauty, Red River Ohio and
m ne.ccCn P.ll Acme, Pat’s Choice, SirW al. Ral., etc.
.ULUS htcu UU. we are headquarters for seeds.
Largest stock, lowest prices. Our Potatoes and Seeds
awarded Gold Medal at St. Louis. 80-page Catalog free.

L.L.Oids Seed Co., Drawer Y, Clinton, Wis.

A Valuable New Potato

“Harris Snowball”

This new seedling haa been thoroughly tested
for the past three years when blight and rot has
been almost universal in this state, and it has
never been affected with either of these diseases.
Last season it yielded 324 bushels per acre
without fertilizer or spraying, where other kinds
were failures on account of blight. Why loss
100 bushels per acre from effects of blight and a
large percentage from rot, when this “blight
proof” variety can be had at a very moderate
price ? Full description in our catalogue.

We are extensively engaged in Seed Growing
and we offer the best seeds at lowest prices.

It will pay you to see our catalogue. It con¬
tains lots of good new things. No charge for it.

JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY
Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y.

GENUINE IRISH GOBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keepingqualities, this Is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed Is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl to be genuine Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as it goes.

EDWARD RIOG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

MAINE SEED- POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presque
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties.

P Olll if I nu/or QnoH Choice Danish grown, Early DwarfEr
UdUMMUnCI OCCllj furt, $1.50. Early Snowball, $2.00 oz.

B. E GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, New York City.

AITC Sensation and Silver Mine, the oat wonders.
U ft I O 123 bu. per acre. Prices low. Catalogue
free. Theo- Burt & Sons, Box E-. Melrose. Ohio.

grade SEED CORN

A Square Deal
Shipped on Approval

Diamond Joe’s Big White, Iowa Silver Mine
white, and Pride of Nishna, Improved Legal
Tender and Early Yellow Rose and other leading
varieties. Bone Dry and guaranteed to grow. Ship¬
ped in the ear or shelled, Subject to approval and
at farmers’ prices. Our 110 page catalog, with full
descriptions and prices of all Farm, Field, Garden
and Flower Seeds, Free if you mention this paper.
Write for it to-day. Address

Western Seed Co., Shenandoali, la.

BURPEE’S

SEEDS GROW AND
WIN MORE PRIZES

than the products of any other
brand ! Besides several Gold
Medals they won A Grand Prize
for vegetables at the St. Louis
Exposition.

If you intend to try Burpee’s Seeds, we
will mail free our Complete Catalogue of
178 pages, with beautiful colored plates and
illustrations from photographs taken at our
famous Fordhook Farms, the largest trial
grounds in America. Write to-day !

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

NONE BETTER THAN

EAIRVIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Farm.Hol-
land Patent, N. Y.

High Class

Flower and Vegetable Seeds

For years we have been striving to show our many
friends that we have a superior selection and
strains of Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

Arlington Tested Seeds

Are known to be true and wl
grow; w e have tented them all

k Now we want all who ure interested
in seeds to have our 1!»05 catalogue

It !h new; It up-to-date
with the Intent noveltlei
and ftpecialtieM.

Before yon buy we want you t
see it. Ir you will send us you
address, we will mail it to you Free

C&XtEUj/v’

w. \V. KAWSON CO., Seedsniv
12 and 13 Funeuil Hall Square, Boston, Mat

EUREKA CORN

GREAT ENSILAGE VARIETY.

Bred up through sixteen years
from true Southern Corn until it
produces immense yields — 60 tons
per acre not uncommon.

GREATEST HEIGHT, MOST FOLIAGE,
LARGEST NUMBER OF EARS.

In the milk just at cutting time. A
great success last year in 20 states.
We control all genuine Eureka
seed. Send orders early. Seed lim¬
ited. Many orders not filled last
year. Ask for free catalog with
prices of forage crops, farm tools,
machines, etc.

Ross Brothers,

Worcester, Mass.

“Honest Seeds
at Honest Prices”

By Honest Seeds we mean the best that grow.
By Honest Prices we mean no trust prices. We
belong to no combination or association, we
make our own prices. Peas, Sweet, Silo and
Flint Corn, Seed Potatoes and Onion Sets, at
exceptionally low prices. Drop a postal for
our catalog, it tells you how to get seeds
at 3c. a package, and at wholesale prices.

Forrest Seed Co.,4 Cortland, N. Y.

Tioughnioga Valley Seed Gardens

THELLMANN’S — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THE THEILMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

iPlantlmproved varieties of seed corn this season; they

_ _ _ _ _ Island at the head of all varieties wherever planted, will

not disappoint any one who plants them. Pride of Nishna (yellow), Iowa 8ilver Mine, Imperial
(white) will make larger yields of good, sound, well matured corn than any other known varieties.
Price $1.35 per bu; 10 bu, or over, $1.25 per bu., bags free, F. O. B. carsShenandoah. Ia. Orders shipped
game day received. Catalog describing all farm, garden and flower seeds, free. Always address
Ratekln’s Seed llouse. Box 10, Shenandoah, la. The Largest Seed Cam Growers in Die World.

RELIABLE SEED CORN

Good Seed Corn should be above suspicion.

Richardson’s Reid’s Yellow Dent Boone Co. White

These standard varieties have been carefully grown and selected for
the most critical trade.

Generous free samples and “Cornology,” a free booklet.

It answers all your questions.

Teaches how to get big returns from a small investment.

Prairie State Seed Company Q. HL. Richardson

Peoria, Illinois Manager

226

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 18,

HOW TO CROW DEWBERRIES.

On page 166, W. Hammond gives some
good thoughts upon the cultivation of the
dewberry. The diagram shows a sketch of
my plan of training this vine. Fig. 1 repre¬
sents the dewberry vines trained to a
wire tightly drawn between two anchored
posts at ends of row B. B., with central
posts C. This wire A. A. is put up in the
Spring, and the vines raised up and
thrown over it, and tied on if necessary,
leaving the ground bare beneath, where
the sprouts for next year’s crop can grow,
and be trained so as to be under tbe wire
out of the way of cultivation. When the
berries are all picked, loosen the wire
A. A. at both ends, first cutting off the
old vines, and by means of this wire, one
man at each end, the old vines are pulled
away from the new vines now spread out
on the ground; then by straightening one
end of this wire and pulling at tbe other
end, you can easily pull the wire out from

the old vines, and leave them between the
rows, where they can be easily forked
into heaps and carried off the ground,
leaving everything out of the way as seen
in Fig. 2, the new vines ready for the
Winter mulch. If desired the posts B. B.
can be pulled up and set away in the dry,
ready to drive down in the Spring. The
anchor wires Y. Y., which are anchored
to a stone underground, must be attached
to top of post, so it can be removed when
you wish to take posts up. These guy
wires would be the only thing left on
ground through the Winter. In the Spring
drive down posts, stretch the wire A. A.,
and again train vines by lifting them over
wire, and in this way one wire and the
same posts can be used, and the best possi¬
ble conditions had for cultivation, and for
large fine berries, at less expense than any
method yet devised to my knowledge. No.
14 wire is plenty large for this training
wire. h. E. moon.

Indiana. _

Silos Built of Concrete.

F. L. M., Red Creek, N. Y. — Will you take
up the question of making silos of cement,
and let. your readers know whether It is prac¬
ticable to build them of concrete? If it is,
how does the cost compare with wood? 1
have seen it stated that silos built of concrete
are cheaper, and of course better than wood.

Ans. — The best way we know to get the
facts is to call for experience from read¬
ers. Will those who have used or seen
concrete silos tell us the facts?

Plums for Connecticut.

8. R. II., West Cheshire, Conn. — I would
like a list of plums for home use adapted to
this State; high dessert quality, earliness of
bearing and productiveness to be considered
in their order. My land is sandy loam.

Ans. — For a sandy loam I would choose
Japan varieties ; Red June, Climax, Abund¬
ance, Shiro, Wickson, Hale (if we had
plenty of room) October Purple. Of the
Europeans the old Lombard would prob¬
ably do best on a sandy soil. For heavy
yield Burbank and Chabot; also for can¬
ning. H. 0. MEAD.

Onion Blight and Onion Maggot.

E. A. II., Windham, N. Y. — Have we any
such practical preventive of Onion blight as
we have in Bordeaux for Potato blight ; also
for the Onion maggot?

Ans. — Onion blight is a fungous dis¬
ease, and can largely be prevented by
thorough and frequent applications of
Bordeaux Mixture. Some onion growers
get as good results from this treatment
as potato growers do from a similar treat¬
ment for Potato blight. The best plan is
to begin spraying before the disease ap¬
pears, beginning the latter part of June
or the first of July in New York, and
making several applications at intervals
of about a week, depending somewhat on
the weather. Wet weather greatly fav¬
ors the development of the disease. It is
possible, however, to check and control
the disease even after it has once started

in the field. This was demonstrated last
season by the Cornell Experiment Station,
as detailed in Bulletin No. 218. One
thorough application of tbe Bordeaux
Mixture after the disease has appeared will
check it, but the treatment should not stop
with this, for favorable weather conditions
may soon cause the disease to break out
anew. It is, therefore, necessary to re¬
peat the application two or three times at
intervals of a week or 10 days to afford
protection to the crop after the first spray¬
ing. For the best results, it is necessary
to throw a fine spray with much pressure
so it will adhere to the onion tops.

For the Onion maggot, the best applica¬
tion I have tested is an emulsion made by
dissolving one pound of soap in one gal¬
lon of bot water, and thoroughly stirring
into this one pint of crude carbolic acid,
thus forming a stock or standard emulsion,
which can be diluted as required. In
using this emulsion take one part of the
stock mixture and dilute with 30 parts of
water. Pour this freely along the onion
rows at the bases of the plants, using
enough so that it will soak down and
reach the maggots. Make the application
as soon as the first maggots appear. It is
not a preventive, but it acts as a killing
agent on the maggots. Ordinary kero¬
sene emulsion diluted with six or seven
parts of water, or _a whale-oil soap solu¬
tion of one pound in five gallons of water,
is also quite effective if used in the same
manner. M. v. sungerland.

Salt for Plum Trees. — Concerning query
of II. L. C., Still Pond, Md., Page 146, I will
tell what I have done in such experience with
plum and pear trees. I use salt ; put a good
coating of salt about each tree, a peck or half
bushel. Spread It out from trunk three to
four feet around the tree. Don’t be afraid;
it will not kill the tree, but will do It good.
Such trees will stand lots of salt, not brine.
I consider salt of much benefit to plum and
pear orchards, and use large quantities of it,
put on in March. a. donald.

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie¬
ties, new and old
A P P I> K T It EES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREKS are scarce,'
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

WEST MICHIGAN TREES

arc •‘bred for beurimf.” That's why wc
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing
trees. It also i*surcs stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. VF* tell direet at
who'enale price*. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Box 54, Benton Harbor, Hietu

KNIGHT’S FRUIT
PLANTS.

Strawberries Raspberries Blackberries

Millions of them as fine as ever grew. Wo grow
the best In all the choice varieties. Our Price
is Low. Catalogue free. Don’t fall to send
for It. DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Sawyer, Mich.

—Small Fruits

Whatever else your order includes don’t omit in Straw¬
berries the Climax and Olympia, in Raspberries the
Ruby and Blaok Diamond varieties. Hardy, prolific
bearers of choicest fruits. My stock is not approached
elsewhere. All choice varieties, also Blackberries, Goose¬
berries, Currants and Grapes. I guarantee you’ll be satis¬
fied with Wood quality of plants. All my own growing.
Send for Catalog.

Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

Fairfield Strawberry

Named as The Best

E arly V ariety

at the WOOSTER Ohio Experiment Station in a
test of 160 Kinds. " GET BUSY” and order
some plants from the introducer. To start you we
will send by mail 12 plants if you will send us names
of 5 FRUIT Growers and 15 cents in silver or stamps.
WEST JERSEY NURSERIES, Bridgeton, N. J.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New Y ork
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurterlea,
Drawer 1044 — I, Kochewter, N.Y,
Established

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

Evergreen and Ornamental Trees

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,

Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, WAUKEGAN, ILL.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry. Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. Asparagus Roots and Seed
Potatoes in assortment All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata¬
logue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

ETDIIIT TDEE© “Wiley, that's astonishing!” "What is?” " Why, an unbroken line of
f II ^ \ | | || orders from the same people for 25 Years.”

w Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they
will continue to get it. Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will :

Boot 122

Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

S. Wiley d: Son, Cayuga, N-.

DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY CROP

No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog — lifetime experi¬
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries,
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. J. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN.

Trees Plants

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. BLACK¬
BERRIES. STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES. Our Free
Catalogue will save you money. Please mention Rural New
Yorker.

MYER & SON, BRIDGE VI LEE, DELAWARE

9flfl nnn APPIP TRFFQ 6 to 7 ft. llcts. each, 5 toll ft. 9cts., 4to5ft. 7cts., 3 to 4 ft. 6 cts., 2to3ft.,
tUU|UUU Ml r LL I H L L0 , one year old. 4 cts. 5,000 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 Kieffer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Scale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, Penna.

k_( I I ^ I Ml C" F* C* JA I 1 I*" WT* Greensboro, Carman, Champion, Belle of

rLHl/nCO Georgia, Elberta (for canning) , Chairs, and
Steven s Rareripe. Also Crosby and Fitzgerald for cold sections; Niagara (new) Woodward ; Crawford Late,
nLProve” C. Late; and other leading sorts. Send us list for prices or let us make up a selection for you.
We offer a safe list, safe trees, and SAFETY throughout. Our Tree Breeder (free) gives prices on these and
other business trees, the safest trees and tlie best trees that monev can buy.

The Tree Breeders. ROGERS ON i’HE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y.

VARIETIES
QUALITY .
PRICES . .

w.

This is true of RUPERT’S NURSERY STOCK. We sell direct from the
Nursery to the Planter. Priced Catalogue free. No scale has ever been
found in our Nursery. A present given every customer
ALWAYS answering this advertisement.

right Seed Corn Seed Oats

New, Large Yielding Varieties of Great Excellence

Clean Seed. Circulars and Samples mailed on roquost. We pay freight

HUPE HT cfc SOUS; Box 25 Sonoca, 1ST. Y.

f

J

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID.

Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach
and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,
true to name and Fumigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries In quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box lO, Geneva. N. Y.

DO YOUR FRUIT TREES DEAR TRUE TO NAME?

A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one
to solve. I have studied the question many years and can give you valuable information. Send for
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders.

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

Peach Trees

Bred where climate produces

the finest stock in the world.

Let us suggest the great Ray

and Elberta. Plant theifi for

\m i 'TmrCT

prolific bearing and fruit

excellence. All the varieties

from (irst to ninth ripening.

Harrison

We want you to know Harrison quality of trees.
They mean full fruiting when fruiting time comes.

Apple Trees

All seasons, a I 1 varieties.
You are sure to be rightwhen
you plant Harrison’s York
Imperial, Ben Davis, Early
Harvest, Fameuse, Maiden
Blush, Wagener, Baldwin,
Grimes Golden. Rome Beau¬
ty, Stark and Winesap. Lo-

_ _ cality should be considered.

Let us suggest for you. Write for 1905 catalog,
covering also Pears, Plums, Strawberries, etc. ,

Harrison’s Nurseries,

Box 29 Berlin, Md.

- THE -

President Wilder Currant

“A MONEY MAKER.’’

Most Prolific of all Currants.

For Prices Write to

S.D. WILLARD, GENEVA, NEW YORK.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 190a Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NUKSF.K1ES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

HOYT’S NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections and
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

The Ward
BLACKBERRY

is a very strong grower, perfectly
hardy (in New Jersey), the fruit
black throughout and verv pro¬
lific. For price list address
DAVID BAIRD & SON

Baird, New Jersey

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prlceB, naming this Special Offer.
GEO. ,J. KELLOGG & SONS, Janesville, \Vis.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

227

Apple Pomace as Fertilizer.

N. M. r., Oratitsville, Md. — Would it pay
me to use apple pomace the same as manure,
or would the acid be injurious? I can get
the apple pomace for the hauling.

Ans. — Pound for pound the pomace is
worth but little more as plant food than
average stable manure. It also contains
acid which should not be plowed into the
ground. We would haul it and spread
during the Winter as a mulch for apple
trees or on sod. We should use lime with
it.

Drainage Questions.

B. H. B„ Port Dalhousie , Out. — I have a
four-acre field, sandy loam, which I wish to
underdrain. The land appears to be perfectly
flat, with no fall apparent. Will It be neces¬
sary to get a surveyor to determine bow to
run the tile? The nearest outlet would be
the road ditch, which the field borders. Last,
July I had 2% acres of tomatoes partly
drowned out during heavy rains. The water
lay in several slight depressions. Ought these
low places to be filled in with the scraper be¬
fore draining? They are hardly noticeable
until heavy rains.

Ans. — We would, by all means, have a
surveyor get the exact levels on that field.
It will save much trouble and expense, for
unless you can have the proper fall to
your drains they will be worse than use¬
less.

Questions About Clover.

[burning of the foliage in damp seasons.
One should add at least nearly as much
more lime as is necessary to neutralize
the blue vitriol. As about one-third of
the “new-process” limes is of no use in
making the Bordeaux Mixture, it is sim¬
ply a case of loading up the»mixture with
a large quantity of useless material which
is of no value as a fungicide, and may re¬
sult in clogging the nozzles. It is un¬
doubtedly easier to make Bordeaux Mix¬
ture with these prepared limes, but I
doubt if as good a mixture can be made
with them ; that is, one which will remain
in suspension as well, and thus need less
stirring. Furthermore, these new limes
suffer considerably from deterioration if
left standing, even in their original pack¬
ages, for a few weeks or months. For
instance, last year I secured two samples
of “new-process” limes that were being
used by vineyardists in spraying. One
sample which had recently come from the
manufacturers contained over 35 per cent
of magnesia, and the other sample, which
was bought the season before and kept in
a close barrel, contained over 48 per cent
of magnesia and air-slaked lime. In the
latter instance nearly half of the material
was practically useless for the making of
Bordeaux Mixture. We have also heard

A. S., Miller’s Station, Pa. — Under the
heading, “Fertilizing Value of Clovers,” page
94, what is meant by classing Mammoth and
Red clover separately? I supposed that
Mammoth was the largest variety of Red
clover. We class clover here as “small,”
“medium” and “mammoth.” Which Is the
most hardy, which will stay In the ground,
and which will grow the best on poor land of
the above named clovers? Are the hand seed¬
ers, as Cyclone and Cahoon, a success? What
Is their value in comparison with the old-
fashioned way of sowing by hand? Can a
man get the seed on even and sow faster and
easier? Are they as good to sow grass seed
as the wheelbarrow seeders?

Ans. — There is some confusion among
farmers and in the seed trade concerning
“Red,” “Medium” and “Mammoth” clov¬
ers. There are two species of hardy per¬
ennial clover with red-purple bloom.
Both are natives of Europe, but are every¬
where introduced and cultivated. The
common Red or “Medium clover.” Tri fo¬
lium pratense, is the most permanent and
valuable. As is well known it grows quite
erect. Mammoth clover, Trifolium
Medium, is stouter, larger and less erect.
On very rich land it becomes quite trail¬
ing and is called pea-vine clover, but this
name is also applied to common Red clo¬
ver when it grows very rank. Mammoth
clover generally has large seeds, darker
red flowers and the leaves seldom have the
dark spots of the common kind. Com¬
mon Red clover, T. pratense, lives longest,
grows best on ordinary land, and usually
is most valuable. There is no “small”
Red perennial clover known to farmers or
botanists. We use the Cahoon seeder
and find it very useful. It is a broadcast
sower, whirling the seed out in a wide
path. Unless there is a heavy wind we
can sow faster and as evenly with this
sower as we can by hand. For the light
grass seed the wheelbarrow seeders are
excellent. They drop the seed close to the
ground and the wind does not trouble so
much. They cover a narrower path, and
of course cannot be used so well in or¬
chards or in standing corn.

" New Process Lime " for Bordeaux Mixture

C. T. T., Great Bend, Pa. — I have some¬
where seem It stated that the new process
lime may be used in compounding the Bor¬
deaux Mixture without the slaking or strain¬
ing of the lime. Several of your subscribers
In this locality would like to know whether
the new-process lime is just as good for this
purpose, and how the lime water should be
prepared before mixing It with the vitriol
solution.

Ans. — Most of the “new-process” limes
on the market are made from a dolomitic
limestone, which often contains over 30
per cent of magnesia. This magnesia does
not slake with water like the lime, and
hence is useless in the Bordeaux Mix¬
ture. There is no easy way for the farmer
to determine if the “new-process” limes
contain this large amount of magnesia. The
carbonate of lime or stone lime combines
with the copper sulphate, and enough must
be used to neutralize the acid, and then an
additional quantity added to prevent the

many complaints that these prepared limes
were not good for making moftar, but
they are being extensively used in spray¬
ing operations, and doubtless those who
use sufficient quantities get good results
from spraying. However, I believe that
where good stone lime can be readily ob¬
tained it will be cheaper, and in the end
produce more satisfactory results, than the
“new-process” limes. I do not know that
any careful comparisons have been made
between good stone lime and the "new-
process” limes either as regards the qual¬
ity of the Bordeaux Mixture made with
them, or with the results obtained from
spraying with the two kinds. I hope I can
take up some of these problems soon.

M. V. SI.INGERI.ANI).

^For uWo

nearly have

50 years supplw

Farmers and Gardeners with

‘Your catalogue contains more use¬
ful information tlian 1 have found
. In half a dozen others," writes 2
K a customer. Catalogue free.^M
■k. 1. i. H. OllKdORV & SON,

Marl>lelu'«(i, !!»»“•

SEED CORN

Hulst’s Improved Eight Rowed Yellow Flint

This seed has been taken for the last four years
from stalks having two good matured ears, and the
best ears taken; was cut up and well matured long
before the first frost. Stouts in the best part of the
field yielded at the rate of lit) bushels shelled corn
per aero. Seed from carefully selected ears, and tips
shelled off by hand; price $1.50 per half bushel. $0.00
per bushel of 58 lbs, ; bags free. Address
PETER 1). HULST, Billings, Dutchess Co., N. Y,

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn that has made Shenandoah famous. Has
outyleldedall other varieties of yellow corn wher¬
ever tested. A deep grained 100 day yellow corn,
rip* Ip Soptomber. Will outjUld, outibell, and outaell any yellow
corn you oror grew. The world’* hu*klng record, 201 bu. in ten hour*,
waa made in thla corn near Shenandoah, Deo. 8, 1003. Bend for
free catalog, photograph* and lam pie* of this and other rarietiel of
oorn. |6.00 worth of aeed* free on club order*. Ask about it.

HENRY FIELD, SEEDSMAN, BOX 26 , SHENANDOAH, IOWA

T11K EAR SEED CORN MAN

GRISWOLD’S SEEDS

• AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

We are Seed Growers and we give the
Seed Planter more value for his money
than any other firm In the business. Send
for Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos. Griswold & Co.,

38 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Established 1845

Dibble’s Seed Potatoes

GROWN on virgin soil Tn the cold North produce
larger and hotter crops than those from any
other source. All the new and standard kinds, clean,
bright, smooth and free from disease. Bovoes,
Queens. Cobblers, Hebrons, Harvests. Puritans.
Chios. Northers, Rose. Fortunes, Quick Crop, Moun¬
tains, Maines, Raleighs, Carmans, Giants and a score
of other kinds direct from the growers to yon. We
are headquarters for seed potatoes. Handsome Cata¬
log free. Send for it today. EDWARD F. DIBBLE.
Seed Grower. Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

Seed

orn

100-day
Bristol

surpasses all other field corn in
carlincss, productiveness and
fine quality.

I-.ftrffCHt and Earllent Yellow
Dent Corn ; always matures and
escapes the drought. Produces as
much fodder and more corn and is
Richer in protein than any other variety.
Price by mulls packet 10c, pound 80c;
byexpreaa or freight (shelled) peck T5c,
bushel $2, two bushels $8.50, ten bushels
$1 .60 per bushel (freight), bags included.

Our farm *cod* are carefully selected
and up-to-date in every respect. Our

'Garden and Farm Manual — free

tells All about them and shows actual
photographs of what they grow.

JOHNSON & STOKES Dept R
“ Seedsmen to Money-makers “

217-219 Market Street, Philadelphia

Potatoes

The famous “D & B Line”
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads in earliness, yield,
vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money,

For 25 cents (stamps or
silver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
■wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.

DARLING & BEAHAN,
328 Michigan St.. PETOSKEY. MICH.

ers stick. Nobody else sells my quality of seeds
at my prices. 1 cent a pkt. and up. Onion seed
50c per lb. All other seeds equally low.

A Large Lot of Extra Packages Pre¬
sen ie<l FREE with Every Order.

I want to fill a trial order, large or small, for you.
You’ll come again. Send your own and neigh¬
bor’s name and address for big FREE catalogue.

R. H. SHUMWiY, Rockford, Ills.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L I stock: 5 bu lots. $ 1 .50,
10 bu. lots, $1.40,25 bu. lots, $1.30.50 bu.lots,
$ I ,'i 5 For larger lots, prices on application.

J. it. BROWN, Box 115. B ridge hamp ton. L.I.. N Y.

FIELD SEEDS

Medium Rod Clover. Timothy, Alfalfa, Alsiko, Ken¬
tucky Blue Grass, Red Top and Beardless Barley.
Direct to Farmers. Samples and prices on application.
M. L. WHITE. Seedsman, Noblesvillo, lnd.

Earliest Ripe Fodder Com

Good Morning, Mr.
Farmer, how do you
do ? What Is the con¬
dition of your herd of
cattle and horses and
swine and sheep?
Have you plenty of
fodder? If not, Just
lend me your ears for
afew moments while 1
recant to you the tre¬
mendous advantages
gained by planting a
few acres of Salzer’s
Earliest Ripe Fodder
Corn.

The Most Per¬
fect, Earliest,
Rich Fodder
Corn in Exis¬
tence.

This corn will ripen
ears within 60 days
after planting, and
usually from 2 to 3 ears
onastalk. The foliage
Is 6 ft. high, very leafy
and bushy, and con-
tams a tremendous
amount of nutritious
matter. The farmer
can easily figure out
the great profit In hav¬
ing a fodder corn ex¬
tremely early, having
It come at the time
when pasturage is
short and he can then
feed this rich, Ear¬
liest Ripe Fodder
Corn. Price of
Salzer’s Earliest
ltipe Fodder Corn:
Pkg. 10c, Qt. 40c. By
freight, Pk. 50c, Bu.
*1.65, 2 Bu. *3.00, 10 Bu.
*14.00.

SALZER’S SUPERIOR FODDER CORN.

This variety is late, but It’s the greatest Fodder Corn on earth. Here are two testimonials from
wide-awake larmers that will tell you what they think of this remarkable Fodder Corn. It is 50
miles ahead of such varieties as B. and W. when big ears, full ears and lots of them, together with
enormous quantities of leafy rich Fodder are desired :

Chas. E. Braudel, Truesdell, Kenosha County, Wis. says: ‘‘The Salzer’s Superior Fodder Corn
Is truly a great and wonderful Corn. I planted It the latter part of June and some of It nearly
ripened before the early frosts. There are two big ears on almost every stalk, and if it had been
planted earlier, there would have been magnificent Corn, thoroughly ripened.”

“ Kncine, Win., Sept. 14— On my farm vve planted five acres of your Salzer’s
Superior Fodder Corn and it is a sight. From one squnre rod we cut 450 lbs. and
this, I believe, is at the rate of 30 tons (72,000 lbs.) per acre.— C. C. Beebe.”

Price ofSulzer’s Superior Fodder Corn: Pkg. 10c, Pk.50c, Bu. *1.15, 2 Bn. *2.25, 10 Bu. *11.00.

OTHER FODDER PLANTS.

Salzer’s Catalogue is brim full of rare Fodder plants for the dairy. There Is nothing in the
world better than Salzer’s Teosinte, yielding 100 tons of green Fodder per acre. Salzer’s Billion
Dollar Grass, with its 12 tons of hay per acre, and Salzer’s Thousand Headed Kale, Dwarf Victoria
Rape, Bromus Inermis, Kaffir Corn, Sand Vetch, Jerusalem Corn and the Giant Spurry are but
a few of the good things found In Salzer’s Catalogue.

FOR 8 CENTS POSTAGE.

If you will mention this paper when you write, we will send you a sample package of the Ear¬
liest Ripe Fodder Corn and Salzer’s Superior Fodder Corn, the two best Fodder Corns on earth,
together with our great Catalogue, well worth *100.00 to the wide-awake dairyman and farmer.

ABSOLUTELY FREE.

If you will send us the accurate address of three wide-awake farmers, to whom wo can write,
giving your name as reference, so that we can mail to them our great plant and seed catalog, we
will send to you free of all cost, our magnificent 140-page catalog, and a package (with full
culture directions) of

EGYPTIAN CLOVER.

Coming from the highlands of Egypt , the land of the Pharaohs, the Sphinx and the Pyramids,
the land of luxuriant verdure and prodigal growths. This Clover will astonish you.

You may send the three names on a postal card, with full address and be sure to give your
name and address correctly when sending the three names.

When writing us be sure and mention the name of this paper.

J?HNA.SALZERSEED(?l5CR0SSEiS

228

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 18,

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Egg Crates. — “Where in New York can I
get gift egg crates, the 30-dozen size?"

Pennsylvania. s. o.

There is no concern here that keeps them
in stock. There would he no cali for them,
as practically all t lie eggs shipped from here
go in the crates in which they come. These
crates are manufactured near the large pro¬
ducing sections of the South and Central
West, and are kept in stock by Chicago
houses. All of .the poultry supply houses
handle returnable egg crates of various sizes
convenient for short distance shipment. These
are best adapted to direct dealing with a re¬
tailer, who can empty the crates and return
then at once. For the wholesale trade crates
that go with the eggs are much to be pre¬
ferred, as this does away with the nuisance
of gathering up the returns, and there is
no certainty that the sender will get back
the same crate that he sends unless he
follows it up with a detective. Second-hand
gift crates may be had here occasionally, but
there is no regular supply, and they are
likely to be poor things.

Aquariums Wanted. — “Can you give me
the address of any firm who manufactures
slate bottom fish aquariums?” s. b.

New Y'ork.

Anything' in this line may be had from
Wm. Battles, 1(10 Greenwich Street, New
Y'ork. Aquariums vary in price from .$5 for
one 10% x 18 x 12 inches, capacity 9 gallons,
to $35 for one holding 70 gallons, Hi x f’O x
GO inches.

Fruits for N. Y". Market. — Last week
reference was made to apples from the N. Y.
market standpoint. The following notes on
other staple fruits are based on sales and
comments I have heard buyers make. Early
pears are not popular, though quite a quan¬
tity of Le Conte from the South are sold
during July and early August. Bartlett is
the great standby and the season very long,
starting with those from the Facific Coast
in Summer, and continuing until the last of
the eastern crop is disposed of in cold wea¬
ther. Kieffers sell at all sorts of prices.
Those of good size and well ripened meet
a fair trade. All others sell because they are
cheap or because people do not know what
they are. Any material extension of the
demand for Kieffers here will be solely the re¬
sult of larger offerings of the top grade,
properly ripened. Flemish Beauty and Clapp's
Favorite are disappointing, often being rot¬
ten at the center. Seckel is an excellent
market sort. It brings top price, keeps well,
and is a favorite with retail buyers. For
late, Anjou and Bose are good sellers, the
preference being for the former. Beurre
Easter is a very fine late dessert variety,
often retailing at 15 to 25 cents per fruit.
Some first-class fruit dealers consider it at
the top for a late Spring sort. Almost any
inferior pear will sell at some price for
cooking, provided it is sound. The chief
exception is Iviefifer, the culls of which are
too gritty to be of much account, even as a
cheap hotel side dish. This market is easily
overloaded with plums. The Pacific Coast
sends a large variety of the Japanese hy¬
brids and various fresh prunes. They are
carefully packed and handled and offered for
sale here in such fine condition that they
bring top prices, though often inferior in
'quality to eastern grown plums. Among the
nearby varieties that have made a fair mar¬
ket showing here are Burbank, Abundance,
October Purple, Fellenburg, Green Gage, and
i he old-fashioned Damson. In peaches there
is a multitude of varieties, many of which
retail buyers do not know. Among those
that have sold best recently are: Mountain
Bose, Tillotson, Elberta, Carman, Late Craw¬
ford, Morris White, Belle of Georgia. The
finest showing last year was made by El¬
berta, Carman and Belle of Georgia. Of
grapes the number of strictly commercial
varieties is not large. Delaware, Worden,
Concord, Niagara and Catawba about cover
the list.

Drawn Poultry. — An effort is being made
to get a bill through the New Y’ork Legis¬
lature practically doing away with the sale
of undrawn poultry in the State. As might
be expected, the trade is soiidly “agin it !”
as it would upset the present methods of
handling poultry, and make a higher price
per pound necessary, which the consumer
would hesitate to pay. They also claim that
poultry thus handled would spoil more quick¬
ly. and no doubt it would if marketed as at
present. Drawn poultry requires special
treatment. The job must be well done, blood
and liquids drained out, and the birds more
carefully packed than when undrawn. As
the trade and retail buyers feel about this
matter at present, such a law would be only
another package to lay away in legislative
cold storage, with the standard package law,
etc., which those most concerned did not
fee! interest enough in to push to enforce¬
ment. There is plenty of room for improve¬
ment in sanitary handling of dressed poultry,
as everyone knows who has seen the work¬
ing room of a large poultry store, particu¬
larly where much iced stock is received. The
sights and odors are not appetizing. There
is an opportunity for some one to get up
a special trade in drawn poultry at quite
an advance in price. This could not easily

i-> done through the regular channels of
trade. The proper wav would be to arrange
with some high-class dealer, possibly a re¬
tail butcher, to handle a little poultry neatly
dressed ana pinfeathered, packed in boxes or
hampers, something as the packing houses
fix up tenderloins or other choice cuts. There
is a certain class of buyers who are always
ready to try something new in the meat
line if it appears cleaner or otherwise better.
After it was shown that poultry could be
shipped thus and find buyers other dealers
would fall in line and after the plan was
fairly established a law making it general
would naturally follow. But considerable
time and still more persistence in the face of
ridicule and opposition from the trade, would
be needed to bring anything like this to pass,
and whether the result, would be worth the
trouble only time could show. h.

ALFALFA GROWING IN UTAH.

On page 113 I see much discussion of
Alfalfa, and though it is one of our chief
industries, we never heard before of the
necessity for inoculation. Of course we
do not presume to say that it may not
need it on some soils, but our virgin soil
in proper condition never fails to start
good seed, and we raise it with irrigation
on the high and otherwise dry places,
but not, as one of your correspondents
suggests, where it will have very wet
feet, as where the roots run down to
water it makes a very poor crop. If we
can keep it sufficiently moist to keep it
growing for two or three years it will
then stand considerable drought, as the
roots run very deep. Another point which
may be of advantage to the inexperienced
is the fact that the young plant is very
tender, and if planted too early may be
killed by a slight frost, and the planter
may think the seed no good, or that the
soil may need inoculating. We have lost
seedings in this way. The safest way
is to wait until danger of frost is past,
as in case of tomato plants, etc., and, of
course, as the seed is small, the finer and
smoother the soil the better. It should
not be planted deep; we harrow in, or
plant by a grain seeder, the latter being
preferable if the surface has or is in dan¬
ger of drying before the plant can get
started. As to danger of surface water
mentioned by one, we irrigate after the
first year by flooding. The first year we
mark off the same as for grain ; small
furrows about 18 inches apart, so that the
small plants may not be washed out. It
has no detrimental effect, except where it
may fill in some low place, and there
stand for several days at a time.

Salt Lake Co., Utah, jas- m. fisher.

If You

Want a

FENCE

That is Horse High, Bull Strong,
Pig aiul Chicken tight
That is made from the best High
Carbon Steel Wire
That is heavily Galvanized to pre¬
vent rust or corrosion
That is Coiled to provide for con¬
traction and expansion
That you can buy direct from us
at Wholesale Prices with

Freight Prepaid

To Yovtr Station

That you can examine and order
returned if displeased
That you can erect and use for 30
days and return at our freight
expense if unsatisfactory and
get your money, write forour
New Catalogue telling how Wire
is made, how it is Galvanized
and why some Wire is good
and some is bad. It is FREE.
Write for it to-day. Address,

KITSELMAN BROTHERS,
Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”

ANCHOR FENCE &.

CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y'. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

AutomobileHiichin^Post

This Is an Indispensable article In these
days, In town or country. The auto Is not
hitched to the post, but goes by In the road
while the post Is guaranteed to safely hold
the most nervous and scary horse. Hard¬
ware men and fence agents llnd these to be
great sellers. As many as 400 are In use In
one Michigan town. Don't takeany chances
of a runaway when the remedy Is so simple.

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Mich.

There IS a Best

In fences as In everything else. Page Fences have
reason for being the very be6t. Ask the reasons.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 741, Adrian, Mich.

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory ready to stretch All other heavy
fences are built in the Held. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easi ly stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

ZBROWiN-t

Heaviest Fence Made. AllNo. 9 Steel Wire J

15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

We also sel l direct to fanners atwholesalc prices, j
Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.
Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE C0V

Cleveland. Ohio

BUY

NOT
FR0STr
BEST
.CHEAPEST

Wire Fence until you have secured a copy of our new
catalogue, samples of the Frost new lock and our
prices. The Frost Fence was good, is now better and
the cheapest on the market, quality considered.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO . Cleveland. Ohio.

Cift.OO For A

IOmackine

That will weave fence at
cost Of wire only. Saves
money. $25 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel M ire
for 100 rods of fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CARTER WIRE FENCE
MACHINE CO
Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio.

IWANS’ Post Hole

AND WELL
AUGER

For Fence and Telephone Post Holes, Welle, Prospecting, etc. A man
cad do three time* the werk with an Iwan Auger than with any t. her.

Sixes 3 to 10 inch,

Uecdby U. 8. Gov't. $2.50 each; 12 inch,

|6.00; 14 inch, 18.00.

- : - — r - r tH IVA/flAI Inquire of your hard-

I ■imhii I wniv ware or Implement

^ .. w V dealer, or write us

Agent. Wanted. for particular, and

circulars of our tools you need on tho farm. Sample at special price to

I latroduoo. Iwan Brothers, Dept. No, i. Streator, 111.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting.

The bottom six rows of mesh are x 3 in., the next three 1)4 x 3, then five
rows are 2x3; all above this are 4x3.

This arrangement prevents escape of chickens young or old and the strength of
Union Lock Fence is an absolute protection.

The square mesh, securely locked where wire and cables cross with the famous
Union Lock, allows the fence to he stretched tight without bulge or sag and conform
to the inequalities of the ground without cutting.

This is impossible with netting.

We make our own wire, galvanize and weave it into fence, using only highest

quality material; those who have used it say it will
wear longer and is cheaper, put up, than any other
fence or netting.

Made in widths from 12 to 84 in. Sold by the rod — not by the
square foot, in rolls of 10 and 20 rods, 60 rods or more delivered
f. o. b. nearest depot.

Send for Catalogue J), and “A Short Story for Poultry
Raisers." '

UNION FENCE COMPANY,

114 Liberty St., New York.

Mills at New Haven. Ct.. I)e Kalb. Ill.. Oakland. Cal.

Fencingc

Factory Net Price List.

Regular.

19 &20 Wire.

21 inch per rod, $ .28

36 . .35

448 “ “ “ .42

00 “ “ “ .48

-72 *• “ “ .54

84 “ “ “ .60

Extra Heavy
No. 17 Wire.

24 inch, 8 .48
36 “ .59

48 “ .70

00 “ .85

72 “ .93

84 “ 1.00

As it Looks When Erected.

This fence is put up in 10 and 20 rod rolls. We accept orders for any number of rods or rolls,
and pay freight on orders for §10. or over almost everywhere. We have poultry yard gates
covered with this fence. They open both ways; are very convenient, durable and sightly.
Pricelist free. We have sold

UNION LOCK POULTRY AND FIELD FENCE

for over 5 years to farmers and poultrymen. You will find the quality and our prices satis¬
factory. Send your order now and be ready for an early spring.

CASE BROTHERS, II MAIN STREET, COLCHESTER, CONNECTICUT.

■ |RB ■ _ ■ ■ about your fence needs. Tell us what

M| V I I kinds of stock and crops you have, and

™ W I I how much land in lawn, garden, orchard

and poultry runs, and we will tell you in return about

ELLWOOD FENCE

.58 INCH
50 INCH
42 INCH
34 INCH

26 INCH

n f

V> V .

y -

J 1/118 INCH

inM

The fence for all farm purposes. Our information is not less valuable
because free. We are glad to give it because it makes us permanent custo¬
mers. You will be glad to receive it as it puts you right on the fence question.

You can see— and buy— EllWOOd Fence at one dealer's in your
town. Look him up. But write us for free booklet and special
fence information to cover your individual needs.

AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO., Dept. 140, Chicago, New York, Denver, San Francisco

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

229

YOU FEEL SAFE

when you have ready to hand a remedy which will
cure the Ills you fear.

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

cures Spavins, Ringbones, Curbs, Splints and all

forms of lameness. It’s the very best form of horse

Insurance.

Arkansaw, Wis., February 17, 1904.

Dr. C. T Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt.

Gentlemen: — Will you please mail me a copy of
your "Treatise on the Horse and his Diseases?" I
have used Kendall’s Spavin Cure and have found
none other equal. I shall never be without it one
day. It has saved a valuable colt for me.

Very truly yours, JOHN S. DeMARCE.

Price $ f , six for $5. As a liniment for family use
it has no equal. Ask your druggist for KENDALL'S
SPAVIN CURE, also “A Treatise on the Horse," the
book free, or address

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

For feverish horses
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

THIS TRADE MARK

on a packapr. ppiarantees to the public that it is
cenuine. Beware of imitations. Substitutes yield
the dealer more profit, but cost you the same.

Bickmore’s
Gall Cure

Is theauicke.t,

Kurestnnd best
cure known for
llarnc.*. Col¬
lar and Saddle
(Jails, Scratches,

Grease Heel, ^

Speed Cruck», j

®eSureAndWorkThe Horse-

or Cracked Teals on cows. Sold by all dealers
and guaranteed by us. Sample mailed for 10 cents.
Get it now and have It ready when you need it.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Bw519, Old Town, Me.

.AMERICAN SAW MILLS

have the approval o» the world. The modern mill at
I the right price. Portable Mills, Edgers, Trim- 1
f mers. Lath and Shingle Mills, Cord Wood and
Drag Saws, Rip Saws, Engines. Free cata-

- =“ - “ - logue if you ask for it.

AMERICAN SAW MILL
MACHINERY CO.,

610 Engineering Bldg.,
New York City.

[Something New j

A cast iron

■Stone Boat Head;

more durable than wood. Boat can be
made by any farmer withcommonstraight j
plank and this head will outwear a dozen of
the old style. Costs less to make. Send for cata¬
logue ana prices of this and our complete line !
of farm tools.

ROSS BROTHERS, Worcester, Mass.

The WAGON to BUY.

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS twagoanlsl

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAYANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

COLUMBIA

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

Two Years

75 Now Buys
Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’

FREE

TRIAL. .

Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less

than 850.00.

OUR FREE CATALOG Ww'ffiOTVSU.’X

and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There is as much difference between “Columbia" and
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toadstools.
Huy the tried, proven and endorsed kind ; they cost
no more than t fie unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply Co.«°^“ tL o.,e'

Questions from Wyoming.

Mrs. E. F. (}., Waitesburg , Wyo. — 1. Does
mutilation of outer leaves of cabbage prevent
heading? I sprayed with hydrant water
the undersides to kill lice and broke many
lower leaves. Not one headed, although they
grew well. The variety was all right. 2.

Is deep cultivation through the season right
for potatoes; if not, for how long? Last
year mine were cultivated with garden hand
plow; the tubers came to the surface; there
were handfuls of little ones. They were
planted between rows of early corn, and given
the same cultivation for both. Did irrigation
cause, these little potatoes? I§ it well to
plant corn and potatoes together? 3. Is
there a good-sized table onion that will live
through the Winter in our climate and pro¬
duce early Spring bulbs? 4. Do you know
anything of a phenomenal plant called the
“Chayote?" The Department of Agriculture
is attempting to introduce it, and the news¬
papers boom it as a wonderful plant. 5.
Do you know anything about the “Baby
Rambler" rose, said to bloom the year 'round,
with little protection, especially if kept from
freezing? It must be the wonder of the
century.

Ans. — T. Probably the aphids or lice had
as much to do with the failure of your
cabbages to head as the breaking of the
leaves. Any check at the heading period
is harmful to cabbages, but they are not
often disturbed by the loss of a few
outer leaves. 2. Here in the East we
think shallow cultivation best for
potatoes, especially toward the latter part
of their growth. It is not a good plan to
grow potatoes among corn ; it is a too
hungry and rapid-growing plant, and is
sure to rob the potatoes. Irrigation or
heavy rains after the tubers have started
is likely to cause a development of small
potatoes near the surface. 3. There are
no large onions likely to be hardy in
Wyoming. The Egyptian Perennial onion
can be planted in the Fall and produces
clusters of excellent green onions the size
of one’s thumb very early in Spring. It
seems entirely hardy. It may be propa¬
gated by divisions or by planting the
“sets” or buttons that form on the stalks.
It does not seed or form large bulbs.
Probably Yellow Danvers is the hardiest
of good-sized table onions. If planted
in Fall and well covered it sometimes
lives over Winter.

4. Chayote is the popular name of a
singular vegetable of the Gourd family.
Botanically it is Sechium edule. It is a
tropical vine grown in Mexico, the West
Indian Islands, Northern Africa and some
of our Southern States. The fruits are
cooked something like the squash, and
are said to have a pleasant flavor. It
has also tuberous roots that are eaten
like yams. The Chayote will grow in the
North in Summer, but the seasons are too
short for it to fruit or form tubers. The
fruits have a single enormous seed that
commences to grow as soon as ripe. The
whole fruit is planted, as the seed cannot
well be separated from it. Chayotes are
popular where they can he grown, hut are
not likely to be of value in cool climates.

5. The “Baby Rambler” rose is a
French seedling of Crimson Rambler,
known as Mine. Norbert Levavasseur in
Europe. Small plants very quickly pro¬
duce clusters of blooms like Crimson
Rambler, but of a somewhat lighter shade
and less double. Under greenhouse con¬
ditions it is a very free and constant
bloomer. It is very dwarf, and blooms
freely outside in Summer, but like any
other hardy rose, ceases growing and be¬
comes dormant in Winter.

Mamma: “Fighting again, Willie?

Didn’t I tell you to stop and count one
hundred whenever you were angry?”
Willie: “But it didn’t do any good, ma.
Look what the Jones boy did while ”
counted!” — Harper’s Bazar.

Gifted Amateur (concluding pet card
trick) : “Now, ladies and gentlemen, you
have seen the pack of cards burnt before
your eyes, and the ashes placed inside the
box, which mysteriously transformed it¬
self into a rabbit, which, in turn, disap¬
peared into space. I will now ask this
gentleman to name the card he selected,
when it will at once appear in my hand.
Now, sir, what card did you select from
the pack?” Giles (who has been follow¬
ing the trick most intently) : "Blessed i::
I recollect !” — Punch,

HOW TO BUY A BUGGY

Just as You Would a Horse-Look It Over
Carefully and “TRY IT OUT” on the Road

IF YOU buy a buggy with your
eyes shut, you will get a bad
bargain every time. A buggy
may look all right today and go all to
pieces inside of a year. You would¬
n’t think of buying a horse with your
eyes shut. You would look at his
teeth to find out his age, wave your
hands before his eyes to
see if he had good eye¬
sight, look him over
for spavins and ring¬
bones and “size him
up’’ generally to be
sure he was sound.
Then you would drive
him at a good gait to see
if he was wind broken.
Why not be even more careful in buying a buggy? We are selling our
famous SPLIT HICKORY Buggies on a new plan, which allows the buyer
to “try out’ ’ the vehicle as he would a horse, before concluding the purchase.
Here is our offer made in absolute good faith to any responsible person.

We Will Ship Our 1905 Split Hickory Special
Top Buggy, the Price of which is $50, Any¬
where in the United States on 30 Days
Free Trial. Guaranteed For Two Years.

We will tell you exactly how it is made, giving complete specifications,
so that when you receive the buggy you can go over it part by part, and
check up every item. You can compare it with the buggies sold in your
neighborhood for nearly twice as much money. You can hitch up. to it
and use it just as though it were your own and if you do not find it just
as represented, you can ship it back to us at our expense and your money
will be refunded. The Fourth National Bank of Cincinnati , Ohio, will
tell you we are responsible for our contracts and agreements and that you
may be assured of fair and honest dealing.

Here are some points of merit of the SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL.

Wheels are made of the very best selected second growth split hickory, with
screws through the rims; axles are long distance, dust proof, best refined
steel, with split hickory axle beds cemented and full clipped; oil tempered
springs, 16 oz. imported all wool broadcloth upholstering; box frame spring
cushion; solid polished panel spring back; water-proof top with No. 1 enameled
leather ouarters and leather back stays: 28 oz. water-proof rubber roof and
back curtain; back curtain lined and reinforced; rubber side curtains; full
length storm apron; padded patent leather dash; full length velvet carpet;
split hickory, fully guaranteed, shafts. Painting, oil and lead process; all
wood work carried 100 days in pure oil and lead, 16 coats, every coat rubbed
out and dried before the next is applied.

Our 1905 Catalogue, containing 192 pages, is a regular Information
Bureau on the subject of Vehicles and Harness. If there’s anything you
want to know about buggies you will find it there. We send it free and
take pleasure in answering letters immediately.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,

(H. C. Phelps, Pres.)

STATION 290, CINCINNATI, O.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to litany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG.C0., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

One Month’s Free Trial Offer
Our 1906

Model Buggy

Tho top notch of vehicle construc¬
tion at tho bottom price.
MODEL Buggies com*
.bine elegance, durability
land comfort. Every part
/guaranteed 2 years.

JUST OUT: Our 1905
catalogue. Quotes whole¬
sale prices to everybody. Writo now. The Model
Carriage and Harness Co., 171 W. S.xth St., Cincinnati, O.

"Put the
Profit

in Your
Pocket

When You Buy a Carriage

buggy or harness direct from our factory you
do not have to pay the dealer a commission,
you put his profit in your own pocket. Our
plan of selling makes a saving of fully one-
third or from $15 to $30 on every purchase.
The advantage of buying high grade carriages
through the mails has been of inestimable
value to thousands of buyers in every state
and territory. Ours is the only house in the
State of Ohio selling direct to the consumer
who manufacture the vehicles and harness
they offer for sale. We take all the risk by
guaranteeing perfect satisfaction or refunding
money and paying freight charges both ways.
We want every man who contemplates the
purchase of carriage, buggy or harness to
secure our new descriptive illustrated cata¬
logue showing styles and prices. The saving
will surprise you.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Columbus, Ohio.

23o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 18,

CLOVER IN EASTERN MARYLAND.

Reader, Eastern Maryland. — Red clover
does not seem to do well on the land in this
vicinity. It frequently fails to catch, and
when it does get a start does not last more
than one year, and after that gradually dies
out. What ought we to do, and what do you
think of our sowing Alsike clover for pas¬
ture and mowing instead? Will it last bet¬
ter and stand the dry weather?

Peas, Patience and Perseverance.

A few years ago, any soil good enough
to grow 30 to 40 bushels of corn to the
acre would with an application of 30
bushels of lime, grow abundant crops of
Red clover. Now this is the exception,
and not the rule. Liming does not an¬
swer any more in this part of the State, as
it used to do, and the only assurance
now is to broadcast land intended to be
seeded with clover, with barnyard manure,
so the young plants will have the mulch
and nourishment sufficient to carry them
though the hot suns, and dry days of May
and June. Whether it is the inferior qual¬
ity of the lime that is on the market now,
I cannot say. Liberal quantities of potash
seems to correct the trouble, but only in
such large applications that the average
farmer cannot succeed along those lines.
I would advise the use of Alsike clover as
an experiment at least, as this seems to
thrive better than the Red, and with this
rotation together with cow peas, patience
and perseverence, I am sure there will be
better results. Any newly-cleared land, or
old wornout farms, where clover has not
been grown for many years, will with even
small applications of low-grade commer¬
cial fertilizers grow Red clover still ; so it
is plain enough that our -soils must be
deficient in potash after continued cron-
ping, with the plant that feeds so heavily
upon this particular element of fertility.

ROBERT W. ADAMS.

Princess Anne Co., Md.

Lime and Clover Bacteria.

In some sections land has become “clo¬
ver-sick,” or “clover-killed,” due to condi¬
tions, generally of acidity, which have
killed the bacteria necessary to the growth
of this crop. When this is the case, the
first thing requisite is to overcome the
acidity by the application of lime. The
next step is to inoculate the soil with
the clover bacteria, which can be done
with soil from some field that is producing
a healthy growth of clover, or with the
bacteria to be obtained from the U. S.
Department of Agriculture. As the clover
crop is of such vast value to every farmer,
no means of obtaining it should be regard¬
ed as too much trouble. .When the land
is again made to produce a good crop,
avoid the use of all fertilizers containing
any appreciable amount of free acid.
Common Red clover seems easily crowded
out by indigenous grasses, but Alsike will
last longer, inheriting much of the stay¬
ing power of its White Dutch clover an¬
cestor. Alsike clover is much better for
mixing with Timothy than the common
Red clover, as it matures at the same
time as the Timothy. It might be added
that the Alsike clover has much the same
drought resisting power as the White
clover. w. G. DAWSON.

Dorchester Co., Md.

Experience in a Peach Orchard.

I find that a catch of Red clover in an
old peach orchard, where the land has had
a long rest, is reasonably sure, and if not
pastured too hard will last for several
years. Assuming that our friend’s land
has become clover-sick, experiments in the
line of the new nitro-culture might help
him. Cow peas and lime would also
bring things around right in time. Per¬
sonally I have had very little trouble to

grow plenty of hay here in Maryland, but
1 have used bone basis fertilizers very
heavily for berries, etc., 1,000 to 1,500
pounds or more per acre. I don’t think
Alsike would do the inquirer any good
except for pasture. My experience with
it leads me to think it likes good ground
as well as Red clover.

J. SPENCER LAPHAN.

Caroline Co., Md.

Opinion of a Scientist.

Failure to get good stands of clover on
much of the land in Maryland is due to a
slightly acid condition of the soil; small
applications of lime, 10 to 20 bushels per
acre, have frequently been found to cor¬
rect this trouble, and good stands of
clover have been secured after its applica¬
tion. In most parts of the State Alsike
clover is proving to be more satisfactory
than the common Red clover. Many farm¬
ers have found that the Alsike will give
good stands where Red clover has failed
entirely. The Alsike seems to do better
than Red on both the wet and the very
dry lands. We have found the Alsike to
give us much better satisfaction on the
Station farm, than Red. I believe that,
frequently, the failure to get good stands
of clover is due to the moisture condi¬
tions of the soil, and in substantiation of
this opinion would say that we have been
able to get much more satisfactory stands
of clover by seeding it in the Fall between
August 15 and September 1, seeding by
itself without any nurse crop. Several
farmers in different parts of the State
who have followed this same method have
reported very good results.

H. J. PATTERSON.

Maryland Exp. Station.

Better Fertilizer and More Lime.

Red clover is not nearly so much of a

weed as it once was in this State. It
now requires some brain effort as well as
brawn, to produce a good crop of it. Fif¬
ty years back, the yellows, curculio and
scale, were not disturbing the thoughts
of the easy-going peach growers. How
about the lands where this “clover does
not seem to do well?” Has not acid
phosphate largely superseded the better
grades of fertilizers? How about the use
of lime? True, a severe drought early in
the season, before the young clover plants
have made much growth, is likely to kill
it out. On lands deficient in lime, I have
always had trouble to get even a moderate
stand of clover. Two years in succession
after using 800 pounds per acre of dis¬
solved animal bone, each year, clover re¬
fused to “show up” on a piece of land
where I was anxious to have it. If I had
known then of this wonderful bacteria,
by the use of which legumes are made to
grow where legumes died before, how
eagerly would I have sought it ! I know
little of the bacteria now, and even less
than my knowledge of it, is my belief in
the necessity for its use. Clover is prac¬
tically a biennial, though botanically dif¬
ferent. It reaches its best the second
year, and with the average preparation
and care of land on which it is grown, is
unprofitable for either hay or pasture after
that when grown alone. When I gave
the land above referred to a good dress¬
ing of lime, a fine stand of clover resulted
from next seeding. Soils deficient in lime
will not produce clover or grass satisfac¬
torily. Use more lime and less of the
cheap brands of fertilizers. Alsike clover
is all right after well started, but requires
specially thorough preparation of the seed
bed. When well established it will resist
drought well and last much longer than
Red clover, and is well worth an experi¬
ment by farmers who need a full stand.

Caroline Co., Md. j. w. kerr.

Bradley’s is Best

For all Green, Succulent Growth which Matures Rapidly

*

Nowadays farmers require quick-acting fertilizers because they are raising quick-growing
crops. The plant food not only must be in forms best suited to the crop, but it must be im¬
mediately available and ready to act at once, so as to keep the crop growing day and night.

Bradley’s Fertilizers HAVE FURNISHED THIS KIND OF PLANT FOOD FOR
ALMOST HALF A CENTURY. The photograph shows a typical lot of Bradley asparagus

Why Experiment, when Bradley’s Fertilizers Produce Results Like This?

BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS (The American Agricultural Chemical Co.)

92 State Street, Boston, Mass.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

23i

PURE\yiTEl!p

on the label and Pure
White Lead in the keg are
two different things. The
question of purity in paint
is far too important to every
house-owner to allow any
room for doubt. It means
much more than the cost of
the paint because of the
cost of labor involved.

Our booklet "What Paint and
Why” tells you how to make sure
of getting PURE White Lead in
the Keg. Sent free from any of
our branches.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

Catalog FREE. Hercules

GAIN ACRES

clearing that stumpy piece
land. THK liLnCLLES
Puller pulls any stump,
time, labor and money.

Co., Dept. PS Centsrvilla.la.

KEYSTONE

Weeder and Cultivator.

Makes sure crops, increases yield. Kills weeds,
stirs soil, preserves moisture at plant roots. Vfy.
feet wide, narrows to 30 ins. Famous Hallock
flat tooth (under license) . Ask for book of many
photographed field scenes
of weeder at work.

KEYSTONE

Cultivator Attachment

for any cultivator. Runs
on the row, where shovels
can’t go. Weeds, cultivates, un¬
covers corn, levels. Makescorn
cultivation complete. Send for elrcu- ;
lars of Weeders, Cultivators andl
Attachments. Free.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO..

1547 N. Beaver Street, York, Pa;

Don’t Bind on Track

Can’t jump off, don’t break fork pulley,
trips easily—

Louden Hay Carrier

We make a specialty of Carriers, Steel
Track, Switches, Pulleys, Hay Rack Fix¬
tures, Feed and Litter Carriers. Flexible

Barn Door Hangar, best in the world. Send for
complete catalog of above and otherhardware
specialties. Mailed free.

LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY,

3B Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

TW Olds Portabli Enpm

OLDS ENCJNES

Take Your Power to

Your Work

Insending out their last specifications for"
gasoline engines for West Point, the U S.
War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all

others or the O.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either j
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; sult-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.,

. DevoA Co.. Binghamton,

AIR SUPPLY FOR A FURNACE.

One reply to your correspondent M.
M. M. (page 122) would be that he can
take air for heating either all from out¬
side, partly so, or all from inside, if he
so arranges his cold air box or chute.
As ordinarily put up the cold air box is
provided, near the furnace, with a slide
to cut off supply of cold air, but this often

so reduces the supply as to stop circula¬
tion, and furthermore on windy and ex¬
tremely cold days altogether too much
cold air will get into the house by leak¬
age through the cold-air box between
the intake and slide. The accompanying
diagram shows a plan that works well
with me. I have dispensed with slide
altogether. At mouth of cold-air box a
door, D, is hinged. It can be shut tight
as at A, half way as at B, or let all way
down as at C, then closing the inlet from
house. A wire or wooden peg inserted
in hole made in one side of cold-air box
will hold the door at half way or other
position. In very cold or windy weather
I keep the door at A, excluding the cold,
and yet the heating flues are fully sup¬
plied with air at all times. Previous to
adopting this plan, water pipes often
froze; now there is no such trouble.

Hackensack, N. J. g. w.

After using a hot-air furnace for 12
years, I think the best plan for M. M. M.
(page 122) is to take the cold air from
in the hall, near the door, which will give
fresh air every time the door opens, and
the expense for fuel will be much less.

Woodstock, Vt. t. s.

On page 122 M. M. M. asks for the
proper place to take the cold air for a
hot-air furnace. I would agree with your
answer, by all means from the outside,
but instead of having the cold-air box
running directly to the outside, as usu¬
ally constructed, have a cold-air room
constructed in the basement of suitable
size, say 4x6 feet, into which admit the
cold air. Then connect the cold-air flue
to an opening in the bottom of this room,
thus reducing to a minimum the trouble
usually experienced when the wind is
blowing strongly toward the outside
opening of the cold-air flue. j. s. s.

Williamsville, N. Y.

How Lime and Sulphur Kills Scale.

IF. II. L., Wintcrset, Ioica. — I am much In¬
terested in what I have read in The It. N.-Y.
concerning the lime-salt-sulphur preparation
for scale. Is it necessary to use all these
ingredients, or does one of them furnish the
insecticidal quality? Would not the lime and
sulphur in the form of bisulphide kill the
scales? Has it been tried in this way?

Ans. — It is probable that salt has little
or no value. It does not make the wash
more destructive to the scale, though pos¬
sibly making it stick a little better. The
lime-sulphur wash appears to work slowly
—that is, the insects are not killed at once,
but gradually disposed of. The theory is
that in boilinp numerous sulphides of
lime are formed which are put on the
tree when we spray, while the mixture is
fresh. A chemical change occurs after
spraying by means of which sulphurated
hydrogen, a poisonous gas, is formed. The
lime forms a coating over the tree, and
under it this sulphur gas reaches the scale
insects and suffocates them. Without
doubt some of the insects are killed di¬
rectly by the caustic or biting action of
the .wash, but it is thought that the
chief action of the lime and sulphur is
slow and gradual. Therefore it is nec¬
essary to have the wash well spread on
the trees and to have it remain there. See
Prof. Britton’s article — page 162.

JOHNSTON MOWER NO.

The bu yer of farm implements wants the best his money can buy. He wants imple-
mentsthat requirethe least trouble to operate; least expense in repairs; easiest in

draft; greatest Incapacity, that do the work the best. In the
Mower he gets just what he wants— nothing he don't want,
brains and long experience can produce or money can buy,'
you reasons why. We have only space here to hint at some
free Mower booklet gives them all— shows the parts in detail
the Johnston No. 10 is the cheapest mower to buy. It tells why
prevent lost motion; why its draft is so evenly
divided; shows its Steel Roller Bearings
which make it lightest in draft; shows its brass
bushings which prevent heating; tells why it cuts
clean, runs quietly— why it is the mower you
want. This booklet will post you on the vital

mower points you ought to know
a postal to get Information that
many dollars and much disap-
Will also send our 1905 catalog
the Johnston farm implements
the highest a ward at St. Louis.

The Johnston Harvester Co.

Box C-l Batavia, N. Y.

and costs but
may save you
pointment.
which shows
that captured

Johnston No. lO

It is the best that
and we can give
of them, but our
and tells you why

its three pawls

GEAR

pRlYE

Every Style Garden Tool

needed by the home or mar- ffftr?
ket gardener. A special tool 1(11(1 ) ’) Ifl
for every purpose. ~

jj-atthews’ New Universal

Hand Seeders and Cultivators.

For every condition of truck provring from drill and hill seeding to 1m4
cultivation. FREE BOOKLET of valuable information for planting
and cultivating the garden give# full deeoription*. Write for it.

AMES PLOW COMPANY, 54

IsilUngs Planter and Fertilizer

for corn, beans, peas, beets, etc. One
operation. Seed and fertilizer dropped^
in hills any dis¬
tance apart.

Trip and marker t
attachments for
planting in rowsj
both ways if want¬
ed.

It

Makes

Things

Grows

Hand Wheel Plows

(Matthews' Now Universal)

Hoe, cultivator and rake attachments.
_ A combination indispensible on farm.

Ask for our free late catalogue of all garden tools. The up-
to-date gardener’s practical line.

MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS. _

MOBILE GARDEN CULTIVATORS

Four Complete Implements from one set of parts

"Mobile” cultivators embody a new principle— the SPRING FRAME—
which acts as steering gear and reduces the jar on the arms.

It cuts weeds between plants as well as you can do it with
thumb and finger. Earth-treating tools may be set at any
height or angle and shifted perpendicularly or sidewise. Re¬
move tlie tools, put on basket, box or barrel, and you have a
truck able to carry several hun¬
dred pounds. Wheels adjustable
to any width; change from one
; wheel to two

aD ONLY 2 BOLTS AND 4
SPRING KEYS TO SHIFT

I You can convert in a few moments a “Mobile”
cultivator into a plow, hoe, rake, weeder, harrow,
truck or marker. "Mobile” implements are far
superior to others without costing any more. Illustrated Booklet FREE.

The Mobile Garden Implement Mfg. Co., Box 124, Mt. Gilead, 0.

Lou Dillon

THE ■ i^"ii Tandem Garden

CULTIVATOR
A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Saving garden tool ever invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teetli changed from 8 to 18-inch tow (or to any width
between) in an instant. No wrench needed. Shallow, Medium or Beep Culti¬
vation obtained by simple movement of the foot. Works soil at an even
deptli all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to pnsh than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without one of our time savers. Built for the big gar¬
dener and the little gardener. Used for any garden crop.

Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalog and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

ScliailDl© Mnfg. Co.

XJepaxrtxnexit O
EIjYRIA - - OHIO

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Kev.

Disk Plow cuts a furrowo to 10 in. deep, -=..14 in.wme

Allthese maehineswlllkill witch- .

grass.wiidmufetard, charlock, hard- 7 TV Jv/iyt, A.

hack, sunflower, milkweed, thistle ,
orany foul plant. Send forcir'lars. [

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,'

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

DON’T BUY ANY OTHER

Until You Investigate the Merits of a Machine
That Hus Stood the Test of Time.

Plants com, beans, peas, etc., without cracking a grain or
missing a lull. Drops seed in drills, or in hills at any dis¬
tance. Distributes any kind of fertilizer in any quantity de¬
sired, with absolute safety from injury to seed. Send for
handsome new catalogue of Com Planters, Grant Drills,
Cultivators, Spring Tooth Harrows and other farm tools;
also Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills and Threshing Machinery.
We manufacture the largest and most complete line of farm
machinery and implements on the market. 1 1 will be to your
advantage to write to us before buying anything in this line.
Farquhar machinery awarded more Gold .Medals at St.
Louis than any other.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., York, Pa.

A Never Failing Water Suoply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by auy ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

Z.r> Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Ten ten ie- Key 71. Havana, Cuba.

232

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 18,

&

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

A Good Winter Pear. — J. S. Breece,
Fayetteville, N. C., late last December,
sent us some odd-looking pears, one of
which is shown in Fig. 97, page 223,
about natural size. They were very firm
when received, and did not mellow until
stored for several weeks. The color is
a peculiar yellowish brown, well mottled
with dull russet. The flesh is light yel¬
low, buttery in consistence, and of sweet,
pleasant quality. Mr. Breece identifies it
as Ne Plus Meuris, in the following note:

The variety of pear sent I suppose is Ne
Plus M'euris, as it complies with Downing's
description. I obtained it without name from
a place nearby. Much of its fruit is small
and knotty, and the tree is liable to blight
about with the average of Europeans ; but is
tue best Winter variety here. It is desirable
for home use, but lacks attractiveness in
form and color. Beurre Easter, Josephine
de Malines, President Drouard and Krull
have been tried and found worthless for this
locality.

The Pears of Van Mons. — Ne Plus
Meuris seems to be little grown in this
country, and does not appear in any nurs¬
ery catalogue we have examined. It is
one of the more than 80,000 seedlings
raised by the celebrated Belgian plant
breeder, Jean Baptiste Van Mons, prob¬
ably the most enthusiastic and successful
experimenter in variety improvement of
the beginning of the last century. Van
Mons worked almost entirely with the
European pear, and conceived the idea
that to promote useful variations, from
the gardener’s and fruit-grower’s stand¬
point, it would be best to plant the first
seeds produced by new varieties rather
than seeds taken from long-cultivated and
well established kinds, no matter how
meritorious. Following out this theory
he grew seedlings and planted seeds
taken from the first fruits of the
best of these, almost before maturity.
He induced remarkable precocity in his
productions in a few generations by this
forcing method, so that some of his lat¬
est seedlings bore in three years, while
the usual pear tree grown from seed does
not bear until seven or more years old.
Something like 400 varieties were se¬
lected from the immense aggregate of
seedlings above named as the result of 38
years of earnest work, 200 of which re¬
ceived names. The best known of Van
Mons’ pears in this country are Bose and
Manning’s Elizabeth, both standard com¬
mercial varieties. Colmar and Diel are
much grown abroad. Something like 65
of Van Mons’ seedlings are described by
Downing. They seem to be mostly late
varieties of strong growth and fine qual¬
ity. The Ne Plus Meuris referred to by
Mr. Breece was named by Van Mons in
reference to his gardener at Brussels,
Pierre Meuris, and should not be con¬
founded with the Ne Plus Meuris of the
French, which is really the excellent An¬
jou. It may be noted that Diel is not
known to be of Van Mons own raising,
but was named by him in honor of a
pomological friend.

Van Mons’ Theory Not Proven. — It
does not appear that Van Mons made any
experiments in cross-breeding or hybrid¬
izing the fruits he cultivated, though the
process was well known at the time. He
undoubtedly sacrificed vitality in his per¬
sistent breeding from the first seeds pro¬
duced by immature trees. The proportion
of lasting varieties produced by his meth¬
od now appears small, and it is likely bet¬
ter results might have followed syste¬
matic cross pollination, accompanied by
careful selection, but the horticultural
world owes his memory a debt of grati¬
tude for the remarkably thorough and
consistent manner his theory was fol¬
lowed out. We hope to test Ne Plus
Meuris on the Rural Grounds, and find
out if it is as useful in our locality as in
North Carolina.

Chestnut Experience. — We are in re¬
ceipt of fine nuts of Kent and Hale, new
Japan chestnuts, kindly submitted by F.
J. Tomlinson, Pittstown, N. J. Mr. Tom¬
linson furnishes this information concern¬
ing the varieties :

The Kent nuts grew on one-year grafts on
a small seedling Paragon tree ; too small and
weak to show fruit at its normal. I think
both Hale and Kent very good nuts: both are
phenomenal bearers, especially Hale, and
make beautiful tops. Kent is a seedling
raised by J. W. Ivillen, Felton, Del. ; it ripens
there early in September, and here about the
last of that month. Mr. ICillen has quite a
number of promising Japan chestnuts. The
experts of the Department of Agriculture at
Washington speak very highly of some of
Mr. Killen’s seeuiings. Hale is one of Mr.
Burbank’s seedlings raised in California.

The nuts were of fair size— large
enough for markets that are beginning
to discriminate against mammoth nuts on
account of low quality— and of good fla¬
vor, quite free from astringency or bit¬
terness. They were also smooth, brightly

colored, with scarcely a trace of the fuz¬
ziness that detracted from the appear¬
ance of some native and European varie¬
ties. Delaware, and the Peninsula gener¬
ally, are now headquarters for new chest¬
nuts of the foreign types, though three
promising Japans, including Hale, orig¬
inated in California. The following in¬
teresting account of chestnuts in a new
region comes from E. A. Riehl, Alton,
Ill. This valuable nut does not grow
naturally to any extent in Illinois, and
attempts to introduce improved varieties
have not usually been successful. McFar¬
land is another of Burbank’s Japan seed¬
lings. Ridgely and Paragon are of the
European type, originating in Delaware
and Pennsylvania, respectively.

I was much pleased with your article on
chestnuts on page 100, and agree witli you
in most of the points made. 1 have tested a
great many varieties of .chestnuts for the Illi¬
nois Slate Horticultural Society, starting
with the native and the Japans sent out by
Mr. Parry, of New Jersey. Of all the Japans
that I have tested McFarland is the only
one worthy of cultivation, it being one of
the three best yet tried. Unlike other Japans,
it is a strong, vigorous grower, and bids fair
to make line, large trees. The quality of the
nut is very good, being entirely free from
the bitter skin characteristic of the Japans.
The best chestnut I have tested was re¬
ceived under ihe name of Rochester, and is
thought to be a pure native. It is very dis¬
tinct, as are its seedlings, making about
double the growth that native seedlings
usually do. The nuts are about as large as
Paragon, and of excellent quality. The tree
does not come into bearing quite so soon as
the Japans or Paragon, but is a better grower
and keeps on growing after commencing to
bear. Itidgeley is one of the three best.
Paragon I have discarded because it does not
do well when worked on native stocks ; comes
into bearing at once, but does not make suffi¬
cient growth. Rochester, McFarland and
Ridgeley grow well worked on native stocks.
The chestnut does well here on proper loca¬
tions as our loess bluffs; chestnuts not being
indigenous here, we have not the Chestnut
weevil.

w. v. F.

DON’T LET THE

SAN JOSE SCALE

DESTROY YOUR TREES. SPRAY WITH

LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH

AND be sure to use

BERGEN PORT

SUBLIMED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR.

This brand is prepared especially for
Spraying purposes : insist on having it.
Ask your dealer, or write to

T. & S. C. WHITE CO.,

2.8 Burling Slip, New York.

PRATT’S ANTI-SCALE PETROLEUM

Mixes instantly with water and stays mixed. No
boiling. No heating. We will deliver free on board
R. R. in this city, a 10 gallon can, enough to prepare
200 gallons of Spray with the simple addition of
water, for $0.00, or in bids., 50 cents per gal.

B. Q. PRATT CO., 29 Broadway, New York City

CDCC NITRnftPN why waste money on

rFlLL liHnUULlli commercial fertilizers?
Air is four-fifths nitrogen. TFT JiACTFHIA
(i AT HJilt IV FOR YOU! Inoculate your soil
and seed with N itrogen Fixing Bacteria.
Safe and easy— anyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, etc. One
treatment lasts for years ! Send for circular.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vt.

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Everything-Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel Combined
hand and horsepower. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE. “ y

Thomas Peppier, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J

“ LIGHTNING ”

White-Wash Spray No. 28.
White-Wash your poultry-
houses and stables now. Kills
lice and vermin. Easy to ope¬
rate. Spray s white- wash rapidly . A I so
for washing wagons, windows, etc.
Double action pump. Brass ends.
Steel stirrup. Has great force. Will
srray 20 feet high. Sent to any ad-
dr ss, express prepaid, upon receipt
of $2.50. Agents wanted.

D. B. SMITH & CO., UTICA, N. Y.

PROFIT

depends upon working all the
.. fruit into a salable product,
er for instance. If clear and
re it sells readily at a profit.

3 best is produced by a

fDRAULIC c%s

de in varying sizes, hand or
ver. Catalogue free.

DRAULIC PRESS MFC, CO

IQ Cnrilanrl* ft*.. Nflltf York.

PISOS CURE FOR

U>|

H

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

N)

cn.

u

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

o

in

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

H

in

CONSUMPTION

TANKS and TOWERS

WK Brir.D All Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL, TANKS don't leak.
CALDW ELL TOWE RS don’t fall
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

SPRAYING

FRUIT TREES

is no longer an experiment,
but a necessity. Prevents
wormy fruit by destroy¬
ing all insect pests
and fungus diseases.
Every farmer, gar¬
dener, frui t or flower
grower should write
for my free cata¬
logue, describing 21
styles of Spraying
Outfits, and contain¬
ing a full treatise on
spraying fruit and vege¬
table crops, and mnch
valuable information.
WM. STAHL, Box 70 L Quincy, I1L

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL Ss MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

Potato Crop Insurance

is practically -what you get through spraying
the vines with

THE SPRAMOTOR

Insures a full crop,
upwards of 400 bush¬
els per acre against
nothing in a bad
year. The Spramo-
tor pays for itself
many times over.
Adopted and recom¬
mended officially by
Governments and
Experimental Col¬
leges. Write for
Booklet (13). Full
particulars free. SPRAMOTOR CO.

Buffalo, N.Y. London, Canada

AGENTS WANTED

SPRAYERS

Rarnpz Pump Line. Single and
double acti ng. High-
grade Iron and brass.

Bucket, knapsack, Barrel*.

Pumps, Nozzles and Accessories. '

All parts in contact with
liquid are brass. Best and
Jthe most complete line made.

Write today for free catalogue.

THE BARNES MFC. CO., Mansfield, Ohio I

WITH THE

EMPIRE KING.

The only hand pump having' a me¬
chanical automatic agitator with a
brush for keeping the suction strainer
clean. Alsothe Garlleld Knapsack and
Orehard Monarch. Can furnish the New
Process Lime.which requires no slack¬
ing or straining. Valuable book free. No
* ‘Swindled fooling” i f you uso our pumps.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.,

H 1 1th St.. Elmira, N.V.

UVHDATCn I IM[ For mixing with kerosene
II I Unrt I LU LI III L and water to kill the San
Jose Scale. Spray the trees and roses on lawn, In
garden or field. Cleans the trees and bushes. Ef¬
fective, sure death to scale. Save the trees. Cata¬
logue Free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N, J.

Better peaches, apples, pears and
berries are produced when Potash
is liberally applied to the soil. To
insure a full crop, of choicest quality,
use a fertilizer containing not less
than 10 per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our practical books of information ;
they are not advertising pamphlets, booming
‘ special fertilizers, but are authoritative
treatises. Sent free for the asking.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau St.,
New York.

The Holmes Adjust- omy
able Trimming Saw $3.00

The only practical trimming tool on the mar¬
ket. No more climbing trees. Works from the
ground. Can be adjusted at any angle for light

or heavy
work. Cuts
with the
drawing
motion,
conse¬
quently
avoids all
kinking of
saw. Will
pay for it-
s e 1 f in
three days.
Shipped to
any ad¬
dress on
re eipt of
pric , after

March 2, 1905. Patent applied for. Address C.
T. HOLMES, 419 Pearl Street, Burlington, Vt.

MADE $ 1725

in spare time and home coun¬
ty. You may do as well.
Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

with new spring shut-off. Catch a
good thing quick. Write for tree
sample plan and full particulars

Rochester Spray Pump Co., 16 East Ave. .Rochester, N.Y.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
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used, saves half the mixture. Brass
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Write us if you want agency.

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268 State St., Rochester, N.Y.

—THE—

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leads everything of its kind. 6 gal. cop¬
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carried. Pump right or left hand. Knap-
j sack and Bucket Sprayer combined,
j Wo wako 20 stylos sprayers. Write for Catalog.

’ THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

Henion t Hubbell, West'n Agta., Chicago.

I

COMPANY,

San Joet Scale an. a Pear.

L, US,

“H0R1CUM”

L.3.&3.

TRADE MARK

THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

For Fall or Spring Lise

We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will r ot kill all the
scale. Many of them get under the rough bark. They are very minute,
but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale a plague like the plagues
of Egypt.

“ Horicum ” is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use
Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS

FlshklU-on-Hudson, - - NEW YORK

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

233

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes.- — Still cold, but more sun¬
shine. Not much that can be done but re¬
pairing and painting, and it's a little too
cold to do the latter with any comfort. Our
local weather prophet thinks we are to have
an early Spring, but I doubt it. The North
is full of snow and ice, and 1 expect the cold
breath of Winter to stay by us late into April,
it. won't trouble our crops much, as we make
no effort for anything; that can be called
early. No use trying it on this cold soil.
Our first job will be to seed the orchard near
the house. This is an old-fashioned high-
headed orchard, largely of early varieties. For
the past three years I have used it for a hog
pasture. We do not ring the hogs, but let
them root, anu they tear up the damp soil at
will. This makes a muddy place in Spring,
and as soon as it seems safe to do so we scat¬
ter a mixture of clover and Dwarf Essex rape
seed in this mud. 1 like to do this at about
the last hard freeze, when the surface of the
ground is full of cracks and ridges. The seed
rolls into these cracks, and when the crust
thaws is pretty well covered. Usually the
best time to do this with its is about April 1.
This year I shall add Alsike clover seed,
about one part to five of Ited clover, and use
about the same proportion of rape seed. We
usually obtain a fair catch with this kind of
seeding. By May there is a good stand of
rape and clover which gives fair pasture. I
like this plan better than ringing the hogs to
prevent rooting and keeping a permanent
stand of grass. The working which the hogs
give is equal to thorough cultivation, and
they keep the land clear of grubs and worms.
1 have not been able to make a fair estimate
of the feeding value of the windfall apples in
such an orchard, but it is considerable. We
make cheap pork in this way, and the orchard
is greatly improved. . . . Spraying ought

to come next, but there is no use thinking
about it while the snow is so deep on the
hills. With the exception of some exper¬
iments with various mixtures I expect to de¬
pend on limoid and kerosene this season. The
Scale is not bad in our orchards, except in
spots here and there, but some spraying will
be necessary, and I plan to put on K.-L. with
20 per cent of kerosene as soon as the snow
permits, and follow during the Summer with
a 10 per cent mixture. I will not guarantee
this treatment for others, but I have confi¬
dence in it for our own use.

Florida Notes. — Charlie writes that the
potatoes are coming up. We were afraid that
the rains would rot the seed, but most of
them will apparently see daylight. Every
year people are frightened about potato seed,
but where the tubers are strong to begin with
and well dusted with sulphur they will stand
a good deal of cold and wet. People talk
about the difference in hatching between vitr-
orous eggs and those from weak parents, but
there is nearly as much difference between
strong, well-grown potato seed Jtnd ordi"-
stock. We are not bragging about our potato
crop yet, but we feel hopeful. . . . You

will remember that I made the statement that
there are no stones in Florida for boys to
throw. It seems that I didn't half tell it.
Here is a letter from a successful farmer:

“I have labored with you some, trying to
prevent you telling what was not true, but in
your last letter you have “done and gone and
done it.” Now, had you come here you
would have been saved this awful sin — mis¬
leading people — for I would have shown you
some stony grcmnd : stones so thick that to
plant the land in potatoes you would have to
slice the potatoes and stick the pieces down
edgeways to get them in the ground. When
you make assertions about Florida again, say,
in the paid of the State that I have seen, but
Florida is a big State, with big possibilities.
You say you- are coming down again when the
worst time comes, to see if it is bearable.
There is no worst time, except when we are
uneasy about what Jack Frost may do for us,
and you may tell folks that it is not as hot
here as in New York in Summer, and Weather
Bureau records will prove it.

Marion Co., Fla. s. h. gaits kill.

I don't care to see any such land. It would
make me think of the farm on which my boy¬
hood days were passed. At the same time,' I
am glad to get the facts, for above all things,

1 want to tell the truth about Florida. My
correspondence convinces me that no State
in the Union has been so misrepresented both
by speculators who want to sell worthless
land and by disgusted people who have failed
to make a living in the State. Our location
is in Putnam County, below Palatka. and I
can well understand that the conditions there
do not fairly represent those of South Flor¬
ida. Our rocky hillsides at Hope Farm are
very unlike the level, sandy soils of South
Jersey. Mr. Calfskin's place is some 50 miles
west of us. Florida people have always beep
a little touchy about printed opinions.' Brin
ton tells of a book which gave some spicy
facts about the people of St. Augustine.
When this book was sent to town for sale a
mob of people held up the book seller, and
would not let the book be sold until the of¬
fending pages were torn out of each one !

I don't intend to perform any such surgical
operations upon Florida history, because they
will not help the State. Let us have the
facts, and let readers put on their own var¬
nish !

Squab Raising.- 1 have the following ex¬
cellent note from a Massachusetts woman
who evidently wants to lead us away from
disaster :

“The palmist .says that I shall live to a
good old age, and this is fortunate, for in no
other way. I am convinced, shall I ever have
experimental knowledge of the proiits in
squab raising. I studied the “Illuminated
I ext Book on Squab Raising” for three
months last Winter before venturing on a
trial. I wrote my Boston poultry dealer to
know if the market was always good. It al¬
ways was ! So I decided to forsake partially
the safe but laborious way of the common
hen and try the easy and profitable way of
the purebred pigeon. I converted one hen¬
house into a squabbery, following the “Illu¬
minated Text Book” faithfully. The house
was made rat-proof by pulling up the top
flooring and covering with fine wire netting,
running it about a foot up the sides. The
sills and uprights were tinned also. Of
course the yard was wired high and covered.
An inner screen door supplemented the wood¬
en one, closing by spring hinges. There are
orange boxes and nappies, perches and roosts,
drinking fountain, bathtub and a row of
small boxes for oyster shells, charcoal and
fine grit. The “Text Book” says pigeons must
have variety in food to do well. They have
it! Cracked corn, red wheat, Kaffir corn,
millet, hemp seed (5 cents per pound), Can¬
ada peas, buckwheat. They must have salted
grain sometimes, and coarse sand ; they must
have cut straw for nests, fresh bath and
drinking water: they get them ail. And the
result? In Mav I purchased two dozen pure¬
bred Homers from the man who wrote the

“Illuminated Text Book on Squabs." In all
decency there was but one thing for those
12 pairs of pigeons to do ; begin to make
nests, lay two eggs a pair, hatch two squabs,
nurse them two or three weeks, and then
blithely repeat the performance. The text
book said they would ! I was to have noth¬
ing to do but feed the old pigeons, and then
stand by and wring the little squabs' necks,
and ship them to market. Thus, still ac¬
cording to the text book, I should now be
tearing down my barns and building me
larger ones. But although I have never for
one day failed in my part of the contract,
those twelve pairs of pigeons, which shoulu
at the lowest count have now reached 84, in
reality number but 43 all told, or the 12 pairs
in nine months have hatched 10 pairs only.
One pigeon broke its leg and escaped while in
the hospital, and “homed” not at all, and one
egg proved infertile. The expenses, which
grow larger daily, have been about $50 ; t e
profits nothing. It is not lack of care nor
of cleanliness ; it is not lack of variety in
food, nor, in fact, any failure to follow the
text book directions. How long then will i
be before those pigeons increase more than one
pair per month, or so that there will be
squabs to market?

I am not a novice in poultry raising, hav¬
ing kept hens for many years, and always at
a profit, but pigeon raising seems — different.
While there is no teacher like experience, yet
I do wish to warn any who have a little
money and no experience, and who read the
advertisements of the illuminated man and
others, that I am sure from my present
knowledge, and from too-late observation, that
there is no short cut to riches by way of
squabs. If there is money to be made, either
it requires a large outlay at the outset or else
it calls for a year — perhaps two— to get a
start. This means months of idle capital, as
well as a constant drain for necessary ex¬
penses. It is true that the care is not as
great as for chicks, but neuuer is the income.
With the utmost gentleness pigeons are wild,
unmanageable creatures, that seem to say
"hands off,” and their acquaintance brings
me to agree with them. For poor people the
safest rule with squabs, or pigeons, is “hands
Off.” ANNIE L. ROGERS.

Inoculating Soil. — I am anything but an
Alfalfa expert. Still people keep at me with
questions. If I don't know there are others
who do, and they will set the matter right.
Here is a question :

“I have a field that was sown to Alfalfa
about four years ago; the field was not inocu¬
lated, and it never made much of a stand,
dying out considerably the last year, 1903.
I.ast Spring we planted to corn. Would tlui*
soil be good to inoculate another field on same
farm? If so, how much must be used and
how put on?” g. l. g.

Ohio.

I would not depend on that soil for inocu¬
lation. As it never was a success, why try
to spread a failure? The chances are that
the Alfalfa bacteria never were plentiful or
strong in that soil. Very likely that is why
the crop dawdled alon" and finally gave out.
If the strong and vigorous bacteria are not in
the soil, how can you hope to carry them to
the new one? While the year’s cultivation in
corn would not destroy the bacteria it would
not help them. We should use only the soil
from a field where the Alfalfa had grown vig¬
orously, and where we knew there were
nodules on the roots. The chances are that
about all you would do with the soil you men¬
tion would be to put a lot of weed seeds into
your new field. Suppose I wanted an agri¬
cultural college graduate to work on my farm.

I wouldn't take one who failed at college and
then spent a year working in a bookstore!
If I took any I would pick out one who had
made a success and had the earmarks of it
all over him !

Intemperate Eating. — I can have no seri¬
ous quarrel with the following statement, ex¬
cept that I don't believe in killing off any¬
body :

"You have much to say about intemperance
in use of intoxicating drinks, and rightly, but
why do you ignore a far more universal and
infinitely greater evil, the intemperance in
eating? Intemperance in the use of intoxi¬
cants affects and kills off, mainly, the less in¬
telligent, less fit men, usually well along in
years, and this class we can best spare. In¬
temperance in eating kills a hundred times
as many as drink, and of all ages, sexes and
grades of intelligence, many of whom the
world cannot well spare. Give the two kinds
of intemperance space according to their im¬
portance.’’ E. P. ROBINSON.

No doubt about it, many people eat too
much and then turn around and attribute
their sufferings to other causes. I think it
likely some good women have induced their
husbands to eat too much, anu then suffered
for it. The man overt's, gets out of sorts,
and then growls at his iainily as though they
were the authors of ail his misery. Some
short-sighted person has said that the way to
a man’s heart lies through his stomach.
Those who go at him that way are quite like¬
ly to carry a part of the stomach along and
graft it on to the heart ! Some of the women
who are the strongest advocates of temper¬
ance in drinking will tempt one beyond his
powers with a good dinner. It takes a man
of strong character to refuse the extra buck¬
wheat or piece of mince pie, or plate of baked
beans which he knows is beyond his limit.
Yes, many of us eat too much, but how are
we to break off the habit? This statement
may be a lunge at me for my -ntemperance
in eating apples. h. w. c.

"Tip Top” for You

No one can afford to be without a platform
scale when any responsible party can have a
FREE 15-DAY TRIAL of
a “ TIP-TOP ” 800 lb. por¬
table platform scale,
mounted on ■ heels, with
highly polished 'ding poise
beams, hardened tool steeJ
pivots, adjustable bearings
and platform 18" x 26".
Elegantly finished in car¬
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from all defects and guaran¬
teed accurate and durable by
“ JONES HE PAYS THE
FREIGHT If it suits,

send us $9.00; if
not, return the
scale. It will not
cost you a cent as
we PREPAY THE
FREIGHT. Sign
or copy the coupon
or send for full list of all kinds of scales at
equally low prices.

JONES OF BINGHAMTON. Binghamton, N. Y.
Send me a “ Tip-Top ” 800 lb. scale.

My R. R. Station is
My P. O. address is

In 15 days after receipt I will send you $9.00
or return the scale.

Signed

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

If you are interested in

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by all means first let us send you our
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Zhe

Clevelanb
Artist Company

Assets twenty-jive million dollars
Forty-eight thousand satisfied depositors

still leads all others. Sows all Clovors, Alfalfa, Tlmofhy,
Red T op, all kinds of Grass Seeds, Flax , etc. Special hop.
per for Crain. Sows 20 to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTl, MICHIGAN.

HENCH’S

20th
Century

Steel Ball Coupling Cultivator

] With Double Row Corn
Planter and Fertilizer
Attachment Complete
on One Machine.
Parallel beam move-
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1 uterul beam move¬
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the movable spindles,

. or cither independent
of each other. Centre

Order W RJ lever for spreading
immediately and And closing shovel

introduce them for next season. The most complete

cultivator on the market

having every possible movement of the shovel gangs.

Th« HENCH & DR0MG0LD CO. Mfrs.,York, Pa.

)

DeXjOA.CH PAT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills, 4 II. F. and up. Shingle
^Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay i
^ Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight, l
A DeLioach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002 Atlanta.Ga- "

Buyers Demand Cooled Milk

-Creameries, condenseries, and wholesale milk buyers in general require producers
to cool and aerate the milk. Champion Milk Cooler removes animal heat and stable
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of dairy apparatus. CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO., 9 Squires St., Cortland, N. Y.

Buy a Champion Milk Cooler and Aerator

I N'o. 4
I Combined \
I Seeder

Planet Jr. Tools

will save half your time, expense and fatigue. Write to-day for a
free copy uf the 1905 Planet Jr. Catalogue, which describes
entire line, including seeders ; wheel hoes ; hand, one and '
two-horse cultivators ; harrows, etc.

C No.4 Combined Seeder

\ ’ sows in hills or drills, cul-

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performs many other du¬
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Nn V) DniiKic Wheel Hoe is the most widely-chosen tool of its class. Cnltivatorand
1. L/uu.Jii, n iiuui lioc Roe attachments, easilyand quickly adjusted. Unequaled
for weeding, furrowing, ridging, etc., between or astride rows , to or from plants.
*’ -> « HnrtP Hop Hthe favorite walking horse-cultivator. Stiff steel frame;

* nuiex, ih«, interchangeable, self-polishing hollow steel standards;
reversible hoes ; patent depth-regulators, etc. Opens from 9 to 26 inches.

No. 70 Pivot Wheel Cultivator and^Tm^buiitfin?1181!

^stantly adjustable at every point : can’t get out of order. ’ A l-
most unlimited In its variety of duties. Makes
field work a pleasure.

Don’t forget the Catalogue.

S. L. ALLEN &. CO.,

Box 1107 V, Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 8
Horse
Hoe

No. 70
Pivot Wheel
Cultivator

Iron Age
(Improved RobbinO
Potato Planter.

Money Makers

Potato culture for money depends upon money
making implements. Given the right kind of tools
the rest is easy. The Iron Age (Improved Robbins)
Potato Planter an ideal machine planting from four to
seven acres per day,
is one of the famous

IRON AGE Implements

1 : , 1 *'4 l,uri0T lino uii attauillllcllb 1U1

orchard use. “Iron Age,” onr free hook for 1905 tells all about
these and other success bringing implements, including Wheel
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for it now*

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ACME

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I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New^Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 lO W. Washington St., CHICAGO. 240-244 7th Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 218 10th St., LOUISVILLE, KV. Cor. Water and W. Cay St*., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER.

234

March 18,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

Live Stock and Dairy

WANTED l A GOOD ROASTER .

One of our readers in New Hampshire
wants us to tell him the best cross he can
make on poultry in order to get the best
roasters. He has White Leghorns, Ply¬
mouth Rocks and Rhode Island Reds, but
he wants so to cross these hens as to get a
chicken to weigh (!% to 7 Vi pounds at six
months; a well-shaped bird. Is it best for
him to use au Indian Game or some other
breed, or will the fowls he now has give the
results? lie says he is not looking for lay¬
ing qualities, but wants the very best table
poultry that can be produced.

Since the first few years of experiment
with breeds, I have settled down to what
seems to me to be the best all-around
fowl, the Rhode Island Red, and don’t
care to cross any others or fool with any¬
thing of the kind while they are doing
so well. These are not only good layers,
but a plump, meaty fowl for the table, and
as handsome as any, so I go right on rais¬
ing that kind and perfecting the quality
both as to heavy laying and clear color,
and that is enough R. h. pierce.

If I were going to raise poultry for the
market I would keep some one of the
varieties of Plymouth Rocks, either White,
Barred or Buff. I think they can be
grown to weigh from six to eight pounds
in six months if properly fed ; they will be
plump in breast and will bring as good
price in the market as any that can be
got from a cross. If a man selects well¬
shaped hens with plump breasts and a
male of the same type from one of these
varieties, I don’t see how he can better
them by crossing. J. w. randall.

I have bred poultry only four years, and
only Langshans; have had roasters at
six months old that weighed six and V/2
pounds. They dress more like a turkey
than any other fowl, and their quality is
superior to all others. My neighbors
raise other breeds, and I notice that some
strains of R. I. Reds make good roasters,
others have no breast. White Wyan-
dottes grow quickly and have a full
breast; perhaps not quite as large as your
reader asks for. I am told the Indian
Game is a slow-growing bird.

c. H. SCALES.

A cross of Indian Game cockerel on
Plymouth hen would make roasters
weighing from the required G}/2 to 7'/2
pounds at six months old, but I have had
much better success with pure White
Wyandottes in obtaining a much larger
per cent of roasters of the weights you
name, first selecting my breeders from the
early maturing, plump-breasted and true
Wyandotte shaped birds. After obtain¬
ing breeders to form strain for this pur¬
pose, the only thing then is the proper
food and care to obtain the desired re¬
sults. 1 prefer a white feathered bird,
thus avoiding dark pin feathers.

EDWARD E. LING.

Since T have been in the poultry busi¬
ness I have bred Single Comb Rhode
Island Reds largely, and now am running
these exclusively. T am not raising poul¬
try especially for the table, but of course
in getting my number of pullets have a
surplus of cockerels, of which I dispose
of quite a large per cent before they reach
the age of six months. I am not ex¬
perimentally acquainted with the White
Leghorn or Indian Game or their cross,
so do not know the result of crossing
either with Rocks or Reds. Would sug¬
gest a good fair trial of Single Comb
Reds for the six months’ roaster honors.
This breed received the following com¬
mendatory remarks by a breeder who has
at least six other varieties of fowls : “As
a breed for the farmer they stand without
an equal. The chicks are rugged, and
can stand roughing it, for they inherit a
hardy and vigorous constitution. They
mature quickly, and having a rich yellow
skin and no dark pin feathers, and being
always plump and having a long keel for
breast meat they are unexcelled for
broilers and roasters.” To get good roast¬
ers a good breeding pen is obviously nec¬
essary. This should be composed of birds
of good weight, vigorous and of good
tvpe, having broad backs, long keel, broad,
deep breasts, and short, stout legs. Chicks
from such breeders ought to be kept in
clean, roomy quarters free from lice, and
given abundant nutritious rations with
plenty of grit, and a good range, to make

good rosters at some age, if not quite
satisfactory at six months.

ora n. OSGOOO.

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. f> How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOU at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 Grand Ave.,Waukesha,Wlg.

SQUABS PAY^I

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised In one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 889 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

White Plymouth Rocks

$1 per 15. $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y.

rppP *1 for 15, $2 for 40, thoroughbred Brahmas,
LUUO Rocks, W. and Buff Wyan., Leghorns and Reds.
14 varieties. Catalog. S. K. Mohr, Ooopersburg, Pa.

Darn CftD CfJfiC —Our Barred Rocks lay 250 to
BntU run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

EGGS

Buff, Wyandotte Eggs for
sale. $1 for a setting of 15.
or $4 a 100. Chas. I. Miller,
R.F.D.No. 1, Hudson, N.Y,

SO

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book, 10c.
Rates free. J A. BKRGKY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock.

LOCUST FARMS. Eatontown, N. J.

HUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.

PLEASANT VIEW POULTRY YARDS. Breeder
of White Wyandottes nn< R. C. Buff Leghorns.
Eggs from Prize Winning S lock $2.00 per setting,
$6.00 and $8.00 per 100.

ARTHUR MELBOURNE, Naugatuck, Conn.

WYANDOTTES, White, Buff, Silver L. and Gold.

LEGHORNS. Brown. White and Buff. PLYM.
ROCKS, Barred. Buff and White. Brahmas Cochins,
R. I. Reds, Minorcas and other breeds in Cockerels
and Hens. Mt. Blanco Poultry Farm. Carpenter, O.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

CholceStock for Sale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns.

Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed, 5c.; dozen. 60c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Send for circular.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41, Woedsport, N. Y.

Leghorn, S. C. White and Buff and White

Rf)f*lfC Great Layers and Prize Winners. Eggs, $2
llUuiVO per 15: $8 per 100. A fair hatch guaranteed.
•JOS. ANTHONY, R. 4. East Berlin, Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. Wo have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Livht Brahmas. Bar¬
red Rocks, White and Silver Wyandottes; hardy,
prolific, farm bred.pure stock. For BIRDS, moderate
prices, or KGG8 to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTER
SHERMAN, -25 Boulevard, Middletown, R. I.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg: Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. R. B. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1 50 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked. $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New York City. 8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same In Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. 8ome special bargains. Address,

BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A flnelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.

W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,

Junction City , Kentucky.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus. N. Y.

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We havo the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

HIGH CLASS Coach Stallions'. Scotch Collie

PERCHERON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions’. Scotch Collie
Pups. E.8. AKIN, Auburn. N.Y.

Insures good health
Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th.
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also imp. CHESTER WHITES and BKRK8HIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

i-if~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

WHITE SPRINGS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by DETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.1) lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.
Please mention Rural New Yorkkr in writing.
Notic 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to 18300, also several mature bulls.

The Produce Lots of Pigs

The Jersey Red Sows

The catalogue is free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsaliu.N Y.

0. I. G.

Sixty fall and spring O. I. C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber¬
land Farm, Gettysburg, Pa*

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. Write for
prices and description Return if not

_ _ satisfactory ; wc refund the money.

HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Beruardsville, N. J.

BERKSHIRES

of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES KTX

nog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
Bowersox,R.3; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

nUCCTCD UfUITC Six October Sow Pigs.
UnCtf I EH Will I C Straight, broad, and
growtliy. From prize-winning stock.

ED. S. FULL, Freeville, N. Y. .

POLAND CHINAS

Send for Catalogue at once, this will appear but
once. JACOB B. MILLER, Bradford, Ohio*

My herd of Reg. Short-horns 1 2 year old Bull, $60*
1 5 year old Cow, $60: 1 3 year old Cow, $50; 1 2 year
old Heifer. $40. A. W. Graham, Castile. N. Y

COWS FOR SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, duo to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
head in lots of ten, f. o.h. „ „ .. „ _

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

GREATEST OFFERING EVER MARE
AT PRIVATE SALE.

C A Registered Young Cows Due to Cf|
3U freshen this Spiing. 9U

■f F Two year old registered Heifers bred 1 C
I J to come in this spring or next fall. | 3

Qtfl Registered Service Bulls, ready for Q ft
OU spring service. uU

FA Registered male and female Calves, Eft

DU some of them granddaughters and 9v
grandsons of the champion cow of the world.

T A. R. O. Cows in calf to Mercedes
I U Julip’s Pietertje’s Paul, No. 29830, f U
and to Aaggie Connucopia Pauline Count, No.
29642.

IT PATS TO RUT THE REST.

Do not have to pay extravant prices. You save
money by buying here. Full guaran ee on every¬
thing. Circulars will be sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland. N Y.

Registered HOLSTEIMRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRES1I COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a. few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeEorest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. A'dmals of both sexes
and ail ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic. N. J.

HOLSTEINS.

Best

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only,
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MARCOU.

Holstein-Friesian Hull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and byfsuch sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCBEST FARM, Bifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Holstein bull calves, scotch conies, spayed

Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa

UOI QTCIM Dill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULo I HI IX DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboio, N.Y.

Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull

. w.. „ _ Calves and Scotch Collie Pups from

registered stock. Trices moderate; write promptly
W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

FOR SALE

Jersey Bull

12 mos. old, solid, color
very fine, good size, dam’s
_ butter record, 22 lbs. in 7

days, sire's dam, 24 lbs. in 7 days. 3 Bull Calves 6 weeks
old. Dams' butter record, 16 to 22 lbs. in 7 days.
Sire same as above. Price low for quality.

Ira P. Watson, Fredonia, N. Y.

ki

QUALITY.”

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

Rogistored. Jerseys

9 Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

For Sale

CHOICE REGISTERED JERSEY BULL CALF,
Beautiful Heifer Calf, Two Berkshire Sows and one
Boar Pig. W. F. McSPARRAN, Furniss. Pa

RIDGESIDE FARM AYRSHIRES

First prize aged and first prize young herds, and
twenty awards on individual animals at World's
Fair, St. Louis. Choice animals of both sexes and of
various ages for sale.

S. M. WELLS & SON, Newington, Conn.

AYRSHIRES

A iew first-class cows and young stock, Prices right.
Correspondence solicited, Maple Row Stock Farm,
Cherry Creek, Chaut. Co., N. Y. F. H. Cookingham'

If you are going TT^%T "IVT BULTj’ and wiu write n*

to buy a ■ * M ■ * 1 just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. Tbe Stevens Brotliers-Hastings Company,

BKOOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co„ N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

235

SOME VERY PLAIN TALK ABOUT

CREAM SEPARATOR AWARDS

%

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

Resetting- that the license taken by certain unscrupulous would-be competitors in making false and misleading representations in the
effort to keep in the Separator business makes necessary an occasional departure from our usual dignity of advertising, we are impelled to
express ourselves plainly in respect to a recent flagrant instance of this kind.

One of our little competitors, striving desperately to remain alive (between the pressure of De Laval superiority on the one hand and
that of the trashy low-priced “mail-order” machines on the other) by making claims to faked “records” of one sort or another, could greatly
simplify its advertising by laying claim to the only “World’s Record” to which it is certainly entitled, and which would probably be allowed
it without protest even from other of our would-be competitors more or less “accomplished” in that respect— and that is the “World’s

Record For Lying.”

$25,000.00 FORFEIT.

That we may dispose of these mendacious misrepresentations, for once and for all, in the simplest manner and with the least controversy
possible, giving this concern as little of the free advertising it seeks as can be helped, WO nOW Offer the above forfeit Of

IH CiOld. Coin, to be expended by the United States Secretary of Agriculture for the
benefit of the dairy interests of America, for which suit may be brought against us in any United States Court if the following statements
are not absolute truths :

That the De Laval Cream Separators were awarded the Grand Prize (very highest award) at the St. Louis World’s Exposition for
“Centrifugal Cream Separators, All Sizes, Farm and Factory.”

That Dr. Gustav de Laval was awarded at the St. Louis Exposition a Grand Prize for the invention of the De Laval Cream Separator,
and Baron Clemons von Bechtolsheim and John Joseph Berrigan Gold Medals for the “Alpha-Disc” and “Split-Wing” inventions embodied
in the De Laval machines.

That butter made from De Laval machines received both the Grand Prize (very highest award) and the Gold Medal awards at the
St. Louis Exposition.

That the De Laval Cream Separators received the only Gold Medal (very highest award) granted to Cream Separators alone at the
Buffalo Pan-American Exposition in 1901.

That there was no “Separator Contest” in the Working Dairy at the Buffalo Exposition, but that the De Laval machine made the
best average skim-milk record and in every other way excelled the work of the only would-be competing separator which dared attempt this
public use.

That the De Laval machines received the Grand Prize (very highest award) at the Paris World’s Exposition in 1900, and that the
only Grand Prize award American butter was De Laval made.

lhat at the Omaha Trans-Mississippi Exposition in 1898 the De Laval machines received the only Gold Medal (very highest award)
given to Cream Separators.

That the De Laval machines received the only award made to Cream Separators by the regular jury of awards at the Chicago World’s
Exposition in 1893, and were alone selected for Model Dairy use.

That from 1879 to T905 the De Laval Cream Separators and De Laval made butter have received very many times over the number
of Grand or First Prizes awarded to all other separators combined throughout the whole world.

TO EVERY DAIRY FARMER

Furthermore, we pledge ourselves to present one of our latest $100-machines to every fair-
minded dairy farmer, having use for a cream separator, to whom anyone can show facts proving
that the above statements are not absolute truth, and that anyone has not viciously lied in ever
asserting anything to the contrary.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph and Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO

1313 Filbert St.,

PHILADELPHIA

9-11 Drumm St.,

SAN FRANCISCO

General Offices:

74 Cortlandt Street
NEW YORK

121 Youville Square,

MONTREAL

284 McDermott Ave.,

WINNIPEG

75 and 77 York St.

TORONTO

236

TO EMPTY A FOWL'S CROP.

A crop-bound fowl is not uncommon,
and ordinarily it dies for lack of a skilled
hand to relieve it. The ordinary poultry-
man sometimes blunders into a success¬
ful job of opening the crop, removing the
contents, and stitching up the opening
again, but oftener in the hands of an inex¬
perienced person it is a fatal operation.
Certainly it is an unpleasant task for the
operator, and a hard thing for the fowl.
To remove all danger from an operation
like this where the knife is used, would
be impossible. A man with whom 1 was
talking recently said that he had found
and practiced a much better way of re¬
lieving a fowl of an indigestible lot of
food. He simply brings the fountain
syringe into use, putting on the largest
nozzle, and taking the fowl under the
left arm, inserts the nozzle, and lets as
much water pass in the crop as will. Re¬
moving the nozzle, he applies lateral pres¬
sure to the crop, and at the lower side
alternately. Soon the contents begin to
come out. After some is removed, he
again inserts the nozzle, and there is in¬
creased room for water. Taking it out
he again adds pressure to the crop, and
on on till the crop is empty. This
man said that he treated 125 capons in
this way within a period of about 10
hours. He fed them one morning a mess
of shredded beet with meal stirred in.
This would have been a cheap and diges¬
tible feed, but, thinking to add a quantity
of ginger, he put in white hellebore in¬
stead, and the capons were actually poi¬
soned. Some lay already prone upon the
ground, and he began work upon these
first. This poison dose lay in their
crops 24 to 36 hours, and every one was
saved and ready for breakfast the next
morning. A syringe is to be found in
nearly every household, and here is an
excellent use for it. clark m. drake.

STORY OF A PIG.

We had with us last Summer the Hon.
William Berkshire and a relative of his.
They enjoyed life and waxed fat until we
thought it time for the Hon. William to
cash in his chips, and then, for some rea¬
son, his relative, a brother we believe,
went back on us and refused to eat. This
fellow we had agreed to send to a busi¬
ness man in town at a later day, otherwise
he would have departed this life on the
same day William stepped out. What
did he do? Why, just fell away, melted,
and when called to account showed up
25 pounds to the bad. A mean trick, after
all our kindness. But the end is not yet.
We contracted to sell this pig at seven
cents per pound dressed, but when the
time came to deliver the goods our busi¬
ness man thought was all he could
pay. Now, we could have obtained eight
cents per pound the day the Hon. William
Berkshire left us, but we value our prom¬
ise above price, and delivered the goods
as agreed. Following is a copy of the
letter sent to our business man, and it
explains itself:

“I am not willing to believe that you
desire to repudiate your agreement with
me regarding the contract price for the
pig sold to you about November — , and
delivered to you, as agreed December — .
The difference between the contract price
(seven cents per pound) and the price
(6^< cents per pound) you offered me this
morning through your representative is
but 52 cents, but this difference, 52 cents,
while insignificant in itself, does, under
the circumstances, represent the selling
price of your business reputation, a repu¬
tation that has taken years of hard work
and honest dealings to establish. The
law presumes that every' person means
that which he distinctly says. We will
put all legal questions aside, and let the
matter hinge on one point — and one
point only. Does Air. - wish to repu¬

diate his agreement and thereby hazard
his business reputation for honest deal¬
ings for the difference between his con¬
tract price for pork (seven cents per
pound) and the price (6bj cents per

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 18,

pound) offered through his representa¬
tive? Without final proof I will not be¬
lieve that such is the fact.” d. s.

SOME LIVELY BROWN LEGHORNS .

Thirty-two of my Brown Leghorn pul¬
lets laid 532 eggs in January. Is that a
fair average? Seventy-five from five
years to five months old laid 797 eggs in
the month of January, 1905. One-half of
this record was due to the coop that I
keep them in. I have a basement barn
that is 36 x 56, 10 feet high, with a drain
under the stone wall and from the stone
wall to the hay and grain mow it is
double boarded. I have a box stall 15
by 11 feet with one window, two panes
12 by 24 inches, in the southwest corner.
This is the place where I keep them ; they
never get a cold draft, for I have to go
through two doors to feed them. I put
them in about the middle of November,
and they have not been out since. They
laid about 20 dozen in December.

I feed buckwheat, corn, oats and wheat.
I have a kettle that holds about 16 gal¬
lons; I boil cabbage, carrots, turnips, po¬
tatoes, and about three pecks of buck¬
wheat. When boiled I mix it well ; they
get one feed of this every day warm. If
I feed this in the morning they get all
the milk they want at noon, but no grain
till four oclock, and then I feed the four
kinds together on about six inches of
straw and chaff, all they can eat and have
some left to work at the next day. If I
feed the boiled feed at noon they get the
milk in the morning, and wheat and buck¬
wheat, and at four o’clock or later they
get oats. If very cold they have corn;
warm water every morning, and plenty of
oyster shells all the time. I fill a box of
coal ashes once or twice a week. The
cockerel that sired most of these pullets
was not a full-bred Brown Leghorn. His
sire was a well-bred Brown Leghorn and
his mother a cross between Black Leg¬
horn and Black Spanish. She was the
finest hen I ever saw, and she was a
good Winter layer. I had her for four
Winters, and I never as much as heard

her cluck. C. o.

Chicara, Pa^ _

Teacher : “What are the primary coi¬
rs, Tommie?” Tommie: “There are
none, ma’am ; only the High School pupils
are allowed to have ’em!” — Yonkers
Statesman.

Just as They Are

The cat shows them — catalog I- 153 tells
alt about them. Notice the low supply
can, bottom feed, whol ly enclosed gears,
absence of oil cups or holes. No other
separator has these advantages.

Thi Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, III. West Chestir, Pa.

w

1 SrEa

- ntfts

L \lS|

V if fjfi

CMiDM

2>OJ£sS
We pay
FREIGHT

TTATT To build plant and feed
Hvh Freo Illustrated Journal

Kalamazoo ^tchigan

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes;
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Cobioaklll, N. Y.

Instant Louse Killer is sold on a
positive written guarantee to destroy
lice on poultry, stock of all kinds
and ticks on sheep, formulated by
Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S. )

For destroying lice on calves and
colts, nothing equals Instant Louse
Killer. For sheep ticks it is most
effective, doing away with the muss
and annoyance of a “dip.”

Instant
Louse Killer

Is the original powder louse killer
put up in round cans with perforated
top. Be sure of the word “Instant”
on the can— there are over 25 imita¬
tions.

1 lb. 25c; ,3 lb. 60c; except in Can¬
ada and extreme West and South.

If your dealer cannot supply you we
will forward 1 lb. by mail or express,
prepaid for 35c. Sold on a written
guarantee.

DR. HESS & CLARK
Ashland , Ohio •

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville. Conn.

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

8ahn2.sn2 STANCHION

w. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

The Superior
Cream Separator

Gets ALL the Cream in 00 to 90 min¬
utes. Simple, scientilic, practical. Never
fails. 60,000 Formers use.it. Does not mix
water with milk. Least troublo and ex¬
pense. Our Binding Guarantee assures
your satisfaction or money back. Write
today for particulars.

Superior Fence Machine Co.

309 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich.

T

For old or new buildings of any kind use

PAROID ROOFING

The roof with quality and durability In It. You’ll be surprised at its low cost and
longlife. Any one can apply it. Contains no tar. Slate color. Each roll contains
a complete roofing kit. Don’t take an imitation; get the genuine. Send for

Free Sample and book on “building Economy.” Established In 1817.

F. W. BIRD & SOU, East Walpole. Mass,

or Monadnock Bldg., Chicago,

NEED A NEW

I

BEAUTIFUL COLORED PICTURES? DAIN PATCH MAILED FREE

The Colored Lithograph we will send you is a large reproduction of the abovo engraving, and Is
made from a photograph taken of Dan while he was going at his highest rate of speed. It i; one of
the finest motion photographs over taken and is fs natural and life liko as if you actually saw Dan
coming down the track. It shows Dan flying through the air with every foot off of the ground.

ii Printed in 811 Brilliant Colon.

MAILED

Size 24 by 34 inches. Free of Advertising.0

IF YOU ANSWER
These 2 Questions:

1st. — How Much Stock Of All Kinds Do You Own?

2nd.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

Write to . International Stock Food Co.,m.vvuS

MADE HIS PIGS 4% MONTHS OLD WEIGH 200 POUNDS.

Cured His Calves of Scours.

International Stock Food Co. Elgin, Nebraska.

Dear Sirs:— We have just received or e of your books and a picture of
Dan Patch. Wewere reading what some have to say about “International
Stuck Food.” We will say that it is the finest tiling ever fed to -stock. We
had a litter of pigs the second week of July ; we took good care of them and fed
“International Stock Food,” and when four and one-half months old they
weighed 200 pounds. Everyone says they are just simply line and they think
my pigs are March pigs instead of July pigs. The pigs were weaned only
three weeks when we sold the mother, weighing 350 pounds. It would take
something besides corn to come up to that.

My calves had the scours so bad they passed
nothing but blood. I fed “International
Stock Food” and never lost one of them. My
neighbors lost a great many calves last
spring, and we not one, so I just laid it to
feeding “International Stock Food.”

Yours truly,

ED. BATIE.

Wo Hare Thousands of Similar Testimonials. We Will Pay
Tou $1000 If They Are Not the True Experience of
Praetleal Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imltatlona
•nd Substitutes. “International Stock Food” Is Fed Kxery
Pay to Our World Famous Stallions, Pan Patch 1:58,
Plrretnm 2:06%, Arlon 2:07%, Hoy Wilkes 2:0CW;, aud to
Our Ono Hundred Brood Hares aud Their Colts.

Largest Stock Food Factory lu the World.
Carers Oxer a City Block.
Contains 18 Acres of F'loor Space.
Also Large Factory at Toronto, Can.,
Containing 60,000 Feet of Space.
Capital Paid lu $2,000,000.00.

DIN PATCH 1:56, CHAMPION HARNESS HORSE of tie WORLD. VALUED AT $150,000.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

237 '

HEN NOTES FROM WHITE.
Ration for Chicks.

Will you give us directions for making a
well-balanced mixture of grains, etc., for
feeding young chicks for the first eight or
ten weeks? The manufactured chick foods
are good, but we find them rather expensive.

Webb Mills, N. Y. L. B.

We have found the following to be
a good grain mixture for little chicks
up to six or eight weeks of age, when we
begin to add cracked corn and whole
wheat in larger quantities, until they
comprise the entire grain ration : 400

pounds fine cracked corn ; 400 pounds
cracked wheat; 300 pounds hulled oats;
300 pounds millet ; 300 pounds fine beef
scraps; 100 pounds hemp seed; 50 pounds
charcoal; 150 pounds fine grit. Broken
rice and other things may he added if
wanted, but the foregoing just makes a
ton of fine grains that meet the wants of
small chicks at a cost of about $35.

A Hen Pasture.

I have a one-acre field with a rank growth
of Orchard grass and weeds, which .lias not.
been cultivated for over live years. 1 want
to put it in corn and root crops for my
poultry, sowing it to rye in the Fall, to
turn the chickens in on it. IIow should I
proceed? What varieties of each should
I plant, and how should I fertilize to net
best results? mbs. t. f. p.

Metuchen, N. ,T.

How to get the most out of one acre
is a question we are all trying to solve.
First put the land in the best possible
condition with the plow and harrow, after
which apply the fertilizer broadcast, the
amount depending on the present fertility
of the land. Don't economize on the
fertilizer, and if you are only going to
use one-half ton, sow 800 pounds at the
time of planting the corn. Plant 3}4 feet
apart both ways, and cultivate thoroughly
until about the first of July, when the
remaining 200 pounds of fertilizer should
be spread and j/j pound of Cow-horn tur¬
nip seed mixed with 12 pounds of Medi¬
um clover sowed among the young corn
and then cultivated in with a fine-tooth
cultivator. After harvesting the corn, the
turnips make a great growth if the
ground is fertile, and may be harvested
in November, leaving a field of clover
that is far ahead of rye to turn chickens
into.

Turkeys with Roup,

Some of my turkeys are affpeted with
what at first seems to be a bad cold. The
first symptom will be a rattle in the throat
when breathing: in a few days an offensive
liquid will be discharged from the mouth. I
have killed three that were affected in this
way. fearing that the rest of my stock
might catch it from them. Please give a
remedy for roup. o. j. k.

There is no doubt but this is roup that
is troubling these turkeys, and the only
remedy we use for a case of roup is the
ax applied “back of the ears.” But an
“ounce of prevention” — etc. If you take
your flock when you first hear sneez¬
ing or hard breathing you can nearly al¬
ways head off roup by proper care and
treatment. While there are many roup
remedies, the simplest and best is per¬
haps creolin, a few drops of which should
be placed in the drinking water when the
first signs of a cold are observed. The
birds most affected should have their
throat and nostrils swabbed with a
stronger solution of the same. This treat¬
ment will cure a cold and head off and
prevent that scourge of the poultry man —
the roup. floyd q. white.

RAPE FOR PASTURING.

I have a piece of land I would like to
seed to rape for sheep pasture next Spring,
have the sheep feed on it in the Summer, and
then sow the land to wheat in the Fall.
What is the best kind of rape, and is
there any kind of grass seed that I can mix
with the rape, and make the feed better?

Niagara Co., X. Y. s. f.

The rape for sheep is excellent, and
the Dwarf Essex is the proper kind to
sow. The Victoria is nearly the same
thing. While a desirable variety might
be had by putting something in with the
rape, the growth would he too small, if
the rape grows well, to pay for the cost
of the extra seed. If the land is to be
sown with wheat next Fall, the rape
should be put in early next Spring, so
that the sheep can run on it through the
Summer. After it is up six or eight
inches the sheep can be turned on it, and
if they have other pasture, so they do not
eat it too close, it will grow all Summer.
They are very fond of it, and if left
alone will eat it off into the ground. Care
should he taken that they are not turned
into it when they are empty and the rape
is wet. They will eat too much and be
likely to die from hoven or bloat. If the
field is near the sheep pasture, an excel¬
lent plan is to have a “creep” where the
lambs can run back and forth at will on
the rape. Nothing will grow them faster.
It may be sown with oats if the stubble
is not to be plowed in the Fall. After
the oats are cut the rape will come up
and make a good rqn for the sheep until

Winter. Or it can be sown by itself
either broadcast or in drills, about August
1, and will again make just what is need¬
ed to finish off late lambs for market,
and will make green feed for the ewes,
if there is not too much snow, well up
to Christmas. e. van alstyne.

FEEDING THE SHEEP.

Regarding the question asked on page
151 it is impossible to give any very defi¬
nite opinion in this matter, as the premises
are so vague. Much depends upon what
the sheep are and what they are fed for
and in what sort of folds or how they are
kept. Much also depends upon what kind
of straw is being used and how it is kept.
Again, the “Winter mixed feed” is such
an uncertain quantity that I cannot even
guess what it is. Further he does not i
mention the price at which any of these
feeds can be had. In a general way, good
bright bean fodder, barn-housed and not
weather-beaten when curing, is a very
good sheep feed. The same of properly
kept barn -housed straw. You may take
two sample of same straw, one barn-
housed and the other from the middle of
a stack, and in which a man can detect no
difference; fill a rack with each and allow
the sheep to select. They will eat the
barn-housed straw greedily and will not
even smell of that taken from the stack.

Tf I were feeding a flock of store sheep
and had only bean fodder and straw for
roughage. I should use for grain ration,
prices being right, a mixture, 100 pounds
white bran, 200 pounds some of the dried
distillers’ grains or gluten, 100 pounds lin¬
seed meal, old process, 200 pounds corn.
At the same time at present prices of po¬
tatoes, if T had no silage or roots, I would
feed at least two or three feeds each week
of small potatoes, and I would be sure to
provide for next Winter’s feeding a good
supply of silage or roots.

j. s. WOODWARD.

What’s the Matter

With Your Buggy?

Worn out? How badly?

How’s the running: grear and body?

Good ? All right ! We can fix the res,.

We are buggy doctors.

Your bugrgry needs a new top and re¬
finish of paint. That will put Style, wear and
life into it agrain.

How does this offer strike you?

We will make you a new high-grade top
to measure in our own factory, guaranteed
to fit.

We will ship it to you by express all
charges prepaid.

With the top we will send you absolutely
free, express also prepaid, high-grade carri¬
age finishing paint— either in one or two col¬
ors as you choose — to re-finish your entire
buggy.

With the paint goes a first-class paint
brush and full painter’s instructions, togeth¬
er with material for removing the old paint

—also free.

When the top and painting outfit arrives
— which won’t be long in coming as express
travels fast— put the top on and re-finish
your buggy.

How do you know you will be satisfied
with the top when you get it ?

That’s the beauty of our plan of selling

on trial.

We take the top
back at par-
give you every
cent of your
money back and
prepay express
charges both ways
after you have had it
30 days if you want us to.

We leave it all to you
—no back talk from us if
you return it.

The paint andbrush—
you would have the paint
on your buggy and would have vised the
brush— wouldn’t you? So we would not ex¬
pect you to send that back, and it would
be our free gift to you together with 30 days
free use of the top, just for the trouble of
trying our fair proposition.

"How do we come out on such a liberal
offer?” you ask.

Well, the fact is we make such good
buggy tops that no one wants to send them
back. The top, together with the re-finishing
outfit, makes an old buggy new at a very
small expense.

If you want to buy a new buggy, re-finish
the old one for a second buggy to use in bad
weather and on muddy roads. If you want
to sell or trade your old buggy it will bring
at least twice as much with a new top and
re-finish

We manufacture every part that goes to
make up vehicle-tops, cushions, seats, dash¬
es, everything.

We can furnish you any part you want
for a buggy.

We want you to have a sample of the
material we use in our tops, and have some
nice pocketbooks— bill size.

If you will send us your name and ad¬
dress, together with the name of one of your
neighbors who might want a buggy top, we
will print your name and address on one of
these books and send it to you absolutely
free, together with samples of linings, color
card of paints, and our booklet “Old Buggies
Made New,” which tells all about our most
liberal method of manufacturing buggy sup¬
plies and selling direct from factory to you.

Don’t delay writing for this pocketbook
until they are all gone. Do it now !

In your letter tell us how long you have
used your buggy. Write for Cleveland Top
Co. Catalogue No. 46.

The United Faotories Company

Dept. 46 Cleveland, Ohio

Sales stables use Pratts Heave
Cure. It must be good.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

NEWTON’S Bene, Congh, DU-
temper and Indigestion Cur#,

A veterinary specific for wind,
and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend « $1.00 per

can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co.

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany

ordinary case.

$3 .00 Package cures any

case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

,401 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

Cures all diseases of the feet
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment

When you write advertiseis mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

Thisorws AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontM spray pump. It can, however,
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and

f revent further attacks,
n popular uso 25 years.
Price 8 lb. Pek. 50 eente. 7 lb. Pek. «X.OO.
Send for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver SI.. New York

Dana’sJS.Kt.EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wnnted.

C. II. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery to start or run. The original
friction-dri ve Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engine shaft. No
belts. No beveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel necessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fully Guaramtxxo.
MOTSINGKR DEVICE MFG. CO.,

58 Hain Street, Pendleton, Ind., U.S. A.

Write

GRIND PINE OR C0ARSB

all feeds, ear com, with or with¬
out husks, all grains, with the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

They are the speediest, easiest
running, strongest and most du¬
rable mill made. Four sizes, any
power. New double cutters,
force feed, no choking. It fa
true economy to buy a Kelly Mill.

/c

WILL RA
SEND

^kBLA

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE. PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

kBLATCHFORD’S CALF MEAL FACTORY
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

IT MILK
NIALS A

3RY

Cowy Smells

feed and stablo odors left In milk
mean quick souring and low grade
i butter and cheese. The

Perfection

Milk Cooler I
and Aerator

purifies and cools perfectly.

Every particle exposed to the air. Simple, costs little,
most convenient, many sizes. Write for circulars.

L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

Agents

quick

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nail Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

2 Ono of our agents say she will mako $1500 next year. Web®-
. Hove he can. This is the best seller we saw Write for
>\CO St ■ i, Oittp nrd pUn Aokntb. Mako money now
■3 J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown,0i

The Great Agents Supply House.

MACHINERY

rE

Best and cheapest.
Send for catalogue.

BOOMER & BOSCHERT
PRESS CO.,

118 Went Water St. ,
SYRACUSE, S. Y,

century Wagon Box and Rack

One of the most convenient, useful, and labor-sav¬
ing articles ever offered to the farmer. Substan¬
tially made and finishedfrom best materials. Mal¬
leable castings and very strong. When closed it is
available for hauling corn, potatoes, wood, live
stock, etc. By suspending canvas or muslin from
top, inside, will hold 100 bushels of bulk grain.

SIDES CAN BE LOWERED INSTANTLY

And i t becomes a solid rack for hauling hay, straw,
fodder, sheaf wheat etc., with ample strength ana
capacity for three tons. Very convenient for
husking corn with side lowered as shown in cut.
Made 14 feet long and regular widths. Sold direct
to farmers at manufacturers’ prices, freight pre¬
paid. Write for Catalogue and prices.

MODEL MFG. CO. Box 87 Munclc, Ind.

THE 0. S. KELLY CO.. 157 N. Lime St.. Springfield, Ohio

B0WSHER MILLS

(Sold with or without Elevator.) >

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 slzea — 2 to 25 horso power. One etyle for
windwheel use. ( Also make Sweep
Grinder*— Geared and Plain.)

P. N. B0WSHER, South Bend, Ind.

!

AN Hilt

Acre or corn

“Corn Is King." Its wonderful possibilities practical¬
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work;

“MODERN SHADE METHODS.”

An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con¬
struction and the process of filling, to which is added
complete and reliable information regarding Silage and
its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations, |
being a Feeders’ and Dairymens’ Guide.

I— Advantages of the Silo. IV— How to Make Silage.

II— Building the Silo. Y— Feeding Silage.

III— Silage Crops. VI— A Feeder's Guldt.

212pages of plain, practical Information for
practical men. Contains just the things
you have wanted to know and cuuld not find oli©-
where. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10
cents, stamps or coin.

THESILVER MFG. CO.,

‘ Salem, Ohio.

WE hnvo a splendid proposition tolpresentto Farm¬
ers. Stockmen, Grange and Farmer’s Clubs, and we
want active agents and Farmers themselves to apply
for our agencies in every neighborhood.

THE INTERNATIONAL SILO CO., Jefferson, O.

Copyrighted.

“A Dog on Good Scale.”

You Can Save From $30, to $50.

it

— BY BUYING OUB —

KNODIG”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This Scale is complete when It leaves our
factory, with the exception of floor planks.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

Dept. Z 5 Kansas City, Mo. Branch, Dayton, 0.

32 YEARS SEEDING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬
ing to consumers exclusively.

We Have No Agents

but ship anywhere for ex¬
amination and approval,
guaranteeing safe deliv¬
ery. You are out noth¬
ing ifnot satisfied as to
style, quality and
price. We make 200
styles of vehicles and
65 styles of harness.

Oar large Catalogue la
FREE. Send for it.

(Sb Harness Mfg.

No. 649. Top Buggy. Price complete $40.
As good as sells for $30 more.

Elkhart Carriage

No. 335. Canopy Top Surrey. Price com¬
plete $60. As good as sells for $25 more.

Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

238

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 18,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

DR. WALTER VAX FLEET, I Associates
Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, | Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0(1., or 8% marks, or 10y2 francs.

cut reader to devise that — a woman, too. Here is what
she says :

A neighbor had a hen steal her nest in a manure pile in
Winter, and hatch nearly every egg. Taking the hint,
we put a peck of fresh horse manure in a box with a good
deep nest on that and hatched 11 chicks from 13 eggs, and
the same number from 14 eggs. Our later hatches in com¬
mon nests did not do as well, so I gave the manure some
credit.

Here is a case where the wisdom of the hen was
amply justified by results. We should like to know
whether others have applied the same hotbed principle
to early sitting hens.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be. responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MARCH 18, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Keep up the talk about inferior wire and nails. In
a battle it takes the weight of a soldier in bullets to
put one of the enemy out of line. It will take tons of
words to make the manufacturers give us good nails
and wire. So keep at them cheerfully, and make the

words weigh up to standard. Keep telling the story!

*

The “Corn Meetings” in Iowa are remarkable for
size and enthusiasm. Special trains run all over the
State, carrying Prof. Holden, of the Agricultural Col¬
lege, and other experts, and stops are made for special
corn meetings. There is more enthusiasm than there
was during the great political campaign of 1896. A
sample of Prof. Holden’s talk was printed last week.
Why can we not have such meetings here? There is
altogether too much dignity about some of our meet¬
ings !

*

The New York Senate has passed for the second time
the bill calling for an issue of $50,000,000 in State
bonds — the money to be used in building good roads.
It must he passed again by the House, and then sub¬
mitted to the voters of the State. We find public senti¬
ment divided even among farmers as to the wisdom of
issuing these bonds. From our own investigations we.
conclude that the great majority of farmers favor the
bond issue on the general principle that the roads, be¬
ing public property, should be built by the State. As
we have pointed out before, if the State had not issued
bonds to enlarge the Erie Canal, few would have seri¬
ously considered this road bond issue. We find a
small minority, of farmers who object to the bond is¬
sue on general principles, believing that it will open the
way for all sorts of “graft” and plunder.

*

The Massachusetts Legislature is considering a bill
putting a bounty on fox scalps, these animals having
become a nuisance to farmers and poultrymen, but
fox hunters are showing a strong opposition to the
bill, and are exerting all their influence against it. Some¬
how we never realized that fox hunting is one of
the infant industries that ought to be protected, or
that the gentle and beneficent fox is suffering from the
vicious assaults of the ferocious hen. As some of the
State legislators may be suffering from the impression
that Mr. Reynard is doing more to build up the Com¬
monwealth of Massachusetts than Mrs. Biddy, we would
recommend farmers of that State to offer some infor¬
mation on that subject to their lawmakers. This is
another case for the postage stamp ballot. Cast a vote

for the Massachusetts hen.

*

When we issued “The Business Hen” we did not
expect to cover all the details of the subject, nor did
we think for a moment that we had left nothing unsaid.
The hen resembles the “Serpent of old Nile” in one
particular at least; age cannot wither nor custom stale
her infinite variety. But we did feel that we had
boiled down the science of gallinoculture into the es¬
sence of hen-keeping, just as the housewife boils down
a whole caldron of soup stock into a quart of con¬
somme, and yet we never once thought of combining
a hen with a hotbed ! It was reserved for a Connecti¬

When we started the American Apple Consumers’
League we were unable to see all that the future had in
store. Since then we have learned that apples stop the
craving for strong drink, bring youth to old age and
prevent family disputes. But one cannot live in sun¬
shine without casting a shadow, and here is a little
of the shade :

“An apple-eating wager took place at Avignon, France, on
February 13, 1905. Jules I-eclerc ate 41 apples in 70 min¬
utes, Alex Demorest ate 47 in 70 minutes, and Alphonse
lloguet managed to swallow 53 in 80 minutes. At latest
accounts all three were seriously ill." This sickness, impos¬
sible with any quantity of wholesome American fruit, sug¬
gests that Monsieur Benjamin Davis lias crossed the herring-
pond. H. L. W.

We hope these three useful members of the League
will recover. One can be intemperate in the most
temperate things if one tries. For instance, cold water
is the emblem of temperance, but it is doubtful if the
Filipinos who tried the famous “water cure” will vote
it entirely harmless. It is the man and his motive, and
not the apple that does the injury. What we would like
to know is whether these apple eaters are afflicted as
cows are when they break into the orchard and gorge
on apples !

*

Well, what about that letter ?

What letter?

Why — the letter to Hon. Thomas C. Platt about the
need of a parcels host. He is waiting to learn your
opinion. Senator Platt is already hearing from people,
but he wants this to rank among the large and im¬
portant things before he helps us. Here is a note from
Michigan :

No, 1 have not. written that letter to Mr. IMatt yet, hut
7 intend to do so. I saw the benefit of the parcels post
system while I was in England 7% years. j. B.

Perhaps our friend has waited because he thinks the
invitation extends only to New York readers. He
need not fear. Senator Platt is a National character,
and the parcels post is a great National question. Of
course any citizen in the country is justified in writing
Senator Platt. All together !

Here is another note from a New York reader:

If Senator IMatt thinks parcels post will wait for him to
get off the earth, would he not better put his affairs in
shape soon? w-

Strange, how differently we read between the lines
of Senator Platt’s letter. We take it he is .only waiting
for a strong expression of public feeling to come out
and help us get the parcels post !

*

The Connecticut Experiment Station points out the
danger of losing the varieties of flint corn formerly
grown in that State. These varieties were hardy, and
had been bred with great skill for many years. They
gave grain much richer in protein than the western corn
mostly used in the State to-day. Since the silo became
popular there has been a demand for the large southern
and western dent corn, which gives a heavy yield of
stalk and leaf. Thus the smaller flints have been neg¬
lected, and in many cases it is feared that all the seed
of good varieties has been lost. Dr. Jenkins well asks
if tbe New- England farmers are not losing a birthright
in letting these flint varieties pass out of culture. It is
just as useful to keep them and improve them as it is
to introduce new crops like Alfalfa or cow peas. Steps
should be taken to save these flint varieties and breed
them up to higher excellence, as has been done in the
West.

*

The Breeders Gazette gives some excellent advice
about writing letters to public men. Among other
things, it says :

Legislators are quick to question the motive which
prompts appeals. They want to know the man behind the
signature, and the reason why he has signed. They seardh
for the inspiration of his action, for the cause of his peti¬
tion. Especially is this the case latterly when movements
of all kinds are put on foot to influence the enactment of
legislation. If a stream of letters couched in similar terms
begins to flow to the desk of a member of Congress he
sets to work to find out the force behind them and is
bound to conclude that these requests are “machine-made,"
so to speak ; that is, that they are not spontaneous out¬
pourings of popular opinion or expressions of popular de¬
sire, but that they are made to order by some force that
is peculiarly interested in the pending legislation which such
letters are designed to effect. Hence petitions liave largely
lost their power to sway legislators.

We became convinced of that long ago, and rarely
advise people to send long petitions. The same is true

of the average “resolution” passed by a meeting of
people. Public men well understand tbe difference be¬
tween a direct and indirect appeal- When a man votes
or signs with 100 others he divides responsibility and
influence. When he writes a personal letter and signs
it alone he lends all the influence he has to the cause.
We have seen “resolutions” introduced at a farmers’
meeting which merely represented the personal wishes
of a few selfish men. When put to a vote they were
reported “carried,” though a majority were at heart
opposed or did not understand what it was all about.
Let us not deceive ourselves about such things. Public
men accept such resolutions and petitions at their true
value. Take the New York State Grange — or any
other agricultural organization in the State. The Grange
has nearly 70,000 members. Suppose the delegates of
the State meeting or part of them voted “aye” on a
certain resolution. Suppose 5,000 individuals each
wrote a strong letter opposing tbe resolution ! Does
anyone doubt where public men would place the true
power of the order? It is the strong, personal letter
that gives power to the postage stamp vote. Keep in
practice.

*

We are often asked by readers why we do not print
full addresses of correspondents. It is often desired
to write them for information. There are several good
reasons, one of which is suggested by the following
letter :

I have had only one child, and she is dead, but the mem¬
ory of my own little one makes me wish to do what I can
to help and protect all others. This week I have received a
package through the mail containing a number of circulars
advertising various novelties. Some of them seem innocent
enough, but I send you one from which you can form an
opinion of tlie general run of their contents. I suppose
these are intended for the young people of our laud, and
the package came to me by mistake. Now, I wish to
know if something cannot be done to put a stop to this.

The pictures and suggestions on this circular are not
quite nasty enough to warrant the Government in ex¬
cluding them from the mails. No one with a clean
mind would want them sent into his family. To print
an address publicly is to invite such circulars and worse
into your family. There are people who make a busi¬
ness of collecting such addresses. They are printed on
long lists, and offered for sale. In that way your ad¬
dress may fall into the hands of a man who offers
“green goods” or -the most offensive stuff for sale. We
wish to protect our readers from a deluge of such
“literature,” but will furnish privately any such address
to reputable people. _ ____

BREVITIES .

Try a little Alsike clover seed.

What is the true value of dust spraying?

Why does the dollar we give to charity seem largest of all?

Too bad when a man cannot have at least five apples
a day.

Silence is golden. Make most of your words as good as
gold !

Yes sir, the man who would use formaldehyde should be
formally de hided.

Some people wouldn't even give others their sympathy if
it cost anything in particular !

One way to get your crops worthy of the limelight is to
lighten up your soil with lime.

The California legislature asks for an appropriation of
$8,500 for the investigation of pear blight.

“Dodder” is a parasitic plant which chokes out Alfalfa
in some fields. A bulletin from Cornell (Ithaca, N. Y.)
describes it.

We are told that a soft answer turneth away wrath. No
answer at all will sometimes turn if off into a field where
it will starve.

Our Maryland friend (page 230) refers to the rotation of
cow peas, patience and perseverance. It may do to rotate
the cow peas, but the others should be as constant as the
air and sun.

We hear of the man who was told that hens need lime,
lie pounded up a piece of quicklime and gave it to the liens.
Now he says the hens are sick — with sore mouths — won t
eat. Who blames them?

A bill just introduced in the New York Legislature pro¬
poses to tax automobiles at the rate of $2 per horse power.
It is reckoned that this would bring into the State Treasury
an annual revenue of $400,000.

A Texas man, who has perhaps been studying the Con¬
gressional discussions on free seeds, recently sent the fol¬
lowing request to his Representative : “Will you please send
me a bull pup from the Bureau of Animal Industry?"

Gov. Handy is reported as saying that he will not appoint
a drinking man to an important office. If lie said so, he
said well. Railroads and large corporations demand temper¬
ance in their employees — why should the State ask less.11 It
would be a good move to separate army officers from rum !

The New York City Health Commissioner recently tested
a jar of so-called “plum Jelly” which contained enough in¬
delible dye to color 256 square inches of white cloth. It is
not asserted, however, that this is as dangerous as those
fluids which are supposed to impart an indelible color to a
man's nose.

The United States General Appraisers have decided offi¬
cially that the shamrock is a clover, and thus shamrock
seeds may be imported free of duty as grass seeds. This
suppresses those who believe the original shamrock to be a
wood sorrel, but in any case no one but a cold-blooded ana
unsentimental customs officer would ever think of assessing
duty upon it.

239

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The Valvoliue Oil Company's plant in the
Borough of Queens, N. Y., was destroyed by Are March 1 ;
six firemen were hurt; loss $60,000. . . . Mrs. Jane

Lathrop Stanford, of San Francisco, widow of Senator Le-
land Stanford, died suddenly at Honolulu, February 28,
under circumstances that indicated possible poisoning. Mrs.
Stanford had arrived at Honolulu February 21, having left
San Francisco suddenly because she was convinced an at¬
tempt had been made to poison her. Mrs. Stanford aud her
husband, who died in 1893, were the joint founders of
I.eland Standord, Jr., University, at Palo Alto, Cal., as a
memorial to their only san. Senator Stanford gave 83,000
acres of land to the institution, besides a large endowment,
and in recent years Mrs. Stanford deeded an immense amount
of property, so that the entire assets of the institution are
valued at $30,000,000. . . . March 1 the steamers aud

barges which were grounded by the sudden fall of the Ohio
River at Cincinnati when the ice dam below was removed
were in dangerous positions. The bank of the river on the
Ohio side for more than a mile was strewn with stranded
shipping. Damage estimated at $200,000 was suffered by the
Marmet Company from crushed barges, lost cargoes and
wrecking of other property. A loss of $73,000 was reported
by the Campbell's Creek Company, and other losses aggre¬
gating $50,000 brought the total damage to shipping and
cargoes well up to $400,000, with the end of the danger not
in sight. . . . Fire at East Liverpool, O., February 28,
caused a loss of $500,000. . . . Following a long array
of new laws enacted aimed at the Standard Oil Comnany,
Kansas has delivered a severe blow to the big corporation.
Attorney General Coleman has filed suit in the Supreme
Court asking that a receiver be appointed for the Prairie Oil
and Gas Company, the Kansas branch of the corporation.
Violation of the State laws is charged, and the litigation will
be pushed. All the railroads in the State except the Santa
Fe are made parties to the suit. In addition, action is
brought against the Transcontinental Freight Bureau, the
Western Trunk Line Committee and the Southwestern Traf¬
fic Committee. All these concerns are alleged to have en¬
tered into an agreement with the Standard Oil Company to
make rates which are discriminative on oil and bv-products.
The petition says no report has been made to the State as to
the solvency of the Standard and that no charter fee has
been paid the State. While the Santa Fe is not included in
the Supreme Court case, it will receive attention in Chautau¬
qua County, whore suit was entered in the District Court
charging the road with violating the anti-trust law. The
suit is backed by the Oil Producers’ Association. . . .

Commissioner Garfield's report on the meat trust is to the
effect that the six packing companies frequently designated
as the “Big Six,” viz., Armour & Co., Swift & Co.. Morris &
Co., the National Packing Company, the Schwarzschild &
Sulzberger Company, and the Cudahy Packing Company,
slaughtered in the year 1903, 5,521,697 head of cattle out of
a total indicated slaughter in the United States of 12,500,000
head, or about 45 per cent; that the average net profit in
1903 for three of the companies was 99 cents per head; that
the year 1902, instead of being one of exorbitant profits, was
less profitable than usual, and that during the months when
prices of beef w'ere the highest, some, at least, of the lead¬
ing packers were actually losing money on every head
slaughtered. The changes in the margin between prices of
cattle and beef are in themselves no indication whatever of
the change in profits, says the report. The margin between
the price of cattle and the price of beef during the year 1903,
instead of being unusually high, as popularly supposed, was
for each half of that year lower than the margin for any
corresponding half year since 1898. Conditions in 1902
were abnormal, and cattle prices for 1903 and 1904 cannot
fairly be compared with that year. The great prosperity of
the country from 1899 to 1902 apparently led to a consid¬
erable Increase in the per capita consumption of beef. The
failure of the corn crop of 1901 induced many cattle feeders
to send their stock to market in poor condition, thus reduc¬
ing the average weight per head and the average percentage
of dressed beef to live weight. The profit of private car
lines in the packing industry on mileage Is a very liberal
one, approximate computations indicating a net return of
from 14 per cent to about 17 per cent. The profit on private
refrigerator cars is that derived from the mileage paid by the
railroads, which, roughly speaking, averages slightly more
than three-fourths of a cent per mile for every mile traveled
by refrigerator cars. The average distance to which beef is
transported from the packing he before consumption does
not exceed S00 miles. The gross mileage received by the
owner of the refrigerator car would therefore be roughly $12
per round trip. The report, in conclusion, says that the
National Packing Company, mentioned as one of the "BP
Six," is a merger of various packing plants, particularly the
so-called Hammond and Fowler properties, and is controlled
by Armour, Swift and M’orris interests, who constitute its
Board of Directors. Except for the National Packing Com¬
pany, however, there appears to be practically no general
interownership of stock among the six principal companies.

. . . The Interborough Rapid Transit strike began March

7. Nearly all of the 5,000 New York employees stopped
work. The amount of wages involved is $12,500 a day. The
striking organizations are the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers (motormen). the Amalgamated Association of
Street and Electric Railway Employees (guards, conductors,
ticket sellers, ticket choppers, porters, etc.) and the Brother¬
hood of Locomotive Firemen (former firemen now doing
other work for the company). The officers of the Inter¬
borough Company with whom the employees have been in
conference from time to time are President August Belmont,
Vice-President E. P. Bryan and General Manager Frank
Iledley. The striking employees want more wages, shorter

hours, less rigid physical examinations and longer rests be¬
tween trips. Last September's threatened strike was averted
by concessions to the men to enable the Subway to open witli
out delay. Threats of strike were made a month ago At
that time the company temporized with the men in the’ hope
of staving off the strike until it could tight back without
hindrance from the weather. "Strike Breaker" James Far¬
ley, who has a record of having never failed, is in charge
of the new men. More than 1,000,000 passengers were in¬
convenienced, there being 700,000 who use the elevated dailv
and 400,000 the Subway. Much danger to passengers re¬
sulted from inexperienced men. The first day of the strike
a rear-end collision in the Subway injured 29 persons- two
probably will die.

ADMINISTRATION. — President Roosevelt March 1 trans¬
mitted to Congress a message indorsing measures intended
to prevent the spread of contagious diseases of animals from
one State to another or to foreign countries. The message
says that the right of the Secretary of Agriculture to regu¬
late the interstate movement of animals exposed, but not
actually diseased, must be recognized if the spread of such
diseases is to be prevented, lie urges that the proposed
remedial legislation be enacted before the adjournment of
Congress. . . . The conferees ou the Post Office Appro¬

priation bill reached an agreement March 2. As amended
the bill carries a total of $181,000,000, in round numbers.
The increase of $50,000 in the appropriation for rent which
was requested By Postmaster Willcox for establishing branch
post offices in New York was agreed to by the House. The
Senate amendment, increasing by $300,000 the sum for pneu¬
matic tube service, and authorizing the extension of the ser¬
vice to other cities ,is stricken from the bill, as is also the
provision for carrying packages on rural free delivery routes
at the rate of three cents a pound. . . . The House of

Representatives spent most of the first part of March 2 ses¬
sion in considering and disposing of conference reports.
Those covering the Agricutural and Fortification Appropria¬
tion hills and the bill to provide for the opeping to settle¬
ment of about two and and a half million acres of land in
the Wind River reservation. Wyoming, were agreed to. thus
finally disposing of those measures. Efforts were made bv
the Democrats to secure concurrence in the Senate amend¬
ment to. the Naval Appropriation bill, directing the Secre¬
tary of the Navy to investigate the armor plate question with
a view to the establishment of a Government plant for the
manufacture thereof, but they were unavailing, although the
vote was close — 144 to 136. The same fate attended a mo¬
tion to limit the price to be paid for armor plate to $398 a
ton. the amount of the bid of the Midvale Company, Phila¬
delphia. _

A DISCUSSION OF THE NAIL QUESTION.

Regalvanizing Cut Nails.

The question of nails in shingled roofs, which has been
the subject of considerable correspondence, has interested
me, because I have been through the same thing very often
in the last ten years. With the old cut iron nails the
failure of a roof by corrosion of the nails was a rare hap¬
pening, but with the advent of the Bessemer steel nail
trouble began, and I was finally compelled to use a gal¬
vanized wire nail, which answered for a time, until the
makers discovered a way to wipe off most of the coating,
when I found the galvanized wire nail but little better than
the uncoated nail. I have therefore for some years used a
cut nail and had it galvanized at the local galvanizing
works, for which they charge three cents a pound, weigh¬
ing the nails after they are galvanized. This makes the
cost of galvanizing about $3.50 a keg. but it is money well
spent, as they get a very heavy coating on the nails, and
a roof put on with them should last until the shingles wear
out. The manufacturers of steel have succeeded in cheap¬
ening the cost of production, and at the same timer have
made a steel which is speedily corroded by exposure to
dampness unless it is protected by some covering, and the
galvanizing of sheet metal and wire and the tinning of
plates does not seem to be able to protect t lie black sheets
or the wire, unless we give it further protection by paint¬
ing or other means. If your readers want a shingled roof
to last they should use for the valleys and flashings “old
stvle” or “old method" tin painted on both sides with
two coats of red lead and linseed oil before being laid, and
the cut nails galvanized by their home galvanizing works,
and they will have a roof that will wear like the roofs
Of long ago. FENWICK.

Buffalo. ,

R. N.-Y\ — But suppose there is no "home place where
galvanizing will be done?

The History of a Mill.

Having had some experience, both in the manufacture
ad use of nails, both cut and wire, I would like to tell
aur readers a little historv of the steel nails, as I have
cperienced it. About 1880 a nail mill was started to
ake cut nails. The company built a complete mill, with
addling furnaces to make their nail-plates, and were mak-
a good cut nail of iron. In about a year after they
>t started, some one (I think it was in Chicago) made a
eel cut nail, and put it on the market. Any man seeing
and not understanding the nature of steel, or homogeneous
on, would naturally prefer it to the cut nail, as steel
ninded well, and cut much smoother and cleaner than
uddled iron. Nothing could persuade the public that the
on nail would last, longer, or hold better, so that at last
le mill had to count their puddling mill a dead loss, and
id to go to the Bessemer men and buy their steel nail
lates, in order to satisfy the public demand for steel
ills After a while, seeing that the public would not be
adeceived, in spite of all they could say to their customers
ley put up a mill at a cost of about halt a million dollars
) make their own steel plate. In a short time afterward
Ire nails came up, and the trade demanded steel wire

nails, in spite of all arguments that they tvould not last
as long as the cut nails. But the contractor got more nails
in a pound, and the carpenter could drive a wire nail with
three blows of the hammer, when it took four blows to
drive a cut nail. So the company had to buy machines for
making wire nails, put in a wire drawing plant, and a rod
mill to make the rods from which the wire is drawn, at a cost
of something like $200,000 more. Last year 1 wanted to
shingle a house, and I wrote to the president of this mill
asking him if the company made any iron cut nails, as I
would not have the steel nails; he replied that he agreed
with me in my choice of iron nails, but did not know of
any mill that was making iron nails, or could afford to
do so. But at last I did find a mill that was buying old
scrap iron and making it into nails of the old-fashioned
cut kind, and I got them at a high price, but I was satis¬
fied to pay for them. I consider the life of a steel wire
shingle nail, in this climate, to be about four or five years:
a steel cut nail about 8 or 10 years, and an iron cut naii
about 2;> or 40 years. It is the same with steel fence wire,
galvanized iron (so-called), steel furnaces, and ranges and
everything that we get now. It sounds well to own a
steel furnace, or range, but the purer the metal, the sooner
it will oxidize. The steel cut nail will last longer than the
wire nail, for two reasons. It has more metal in it. and
the wire nail presents a bright, raw surface lo the damp¬
ness, whereas the cut nail, being cut hot, has a slight
scale on it, which protects it for a while. s

Wire Nails no Good.

As to experience with iron cut, steel cut and wire nails,
would say that my dwelling was built in 1863, when we had
only iron cut nails, the roof was made of split and shaved
pine shingles, which was renewed about six or seven years
ago. Ihe nails were still in good condition. The new" roof
put on with wire nails be^an to blow off last Summer, the
nails having become so wasted by rusting that they failed
to hold, and the roof had to be renailed. The steel cut
nails will hold longer than wire nails, because they’ have
more metal but the steel rusts just as rapidly, and any
outside work put up with them will fall to pieces before un-
painted pine will, give out. e. a. riehl.

AN EXPERIMENT IN PICKING FARM HELP.

n,It>may ,h,eIp tho.s,e of y°ur waders who are discussing
the faun labor problem to know t lie experience of some of
those who employed help through the medium of A. C.
(Hidden, of Michigan, an interview with whom was printed
in Ihe R. N.-Y. last Spring. At our request Mr. Glidden
sent a man and his wife to live in our tenant house and
work for us for a year. lie selected a German who had
been in this country eight months, and who came on with

>f1S. u i°i a,nA ,Ch !?- a,nd has done °ur farm work since
March 11. 1904 \\e have now arranged with them to stav

another year, offering an advance in pay of course. The
man is intelligent, faithful, industrious and agreeable to
have about. He has had experience in farming, in market
gardening, in cement works, and a seven-years’ service on
a,/Ve.rimin man-of-war has made him quick and prompt in
all his duties. A few others who secured men in this wav
were not so well satisfied as we have been, but is it not
a common experience that men hired on sight do not al¬
ways stay, and when chosen after good investigation often
prove disappointing? There is an uncertainty to be taken
into consideration in employing help of any kind We may
w-eil bear in mind that the uncertainty exists on the part
of both employer and employed. I met Mr. Glidden re¬
cently just before he was about to begin trips east for help
again this Spring. lie told me that last year he brought
111 men to Michigan, 31 of them going to his own county.
Most of these men had stayed by their employers and given
good satisfaction.

“One German," said Mr. Glidden, “returned to the old

country to marry and came back to the same farm. An¬

other young man has now gone to school at the Ferris In¬
stitute. One of the men I brought on the first trips spoke
five languages. I met him not long ago, and he said to me.
Mr. Glidden, I am in different circumstances from what I
was when I first saw you. Then I onlv had nine cents and
was to be deported next day. Now I have $50 and a fair

suit of clothes, as you see. I have sent some money to

Belgium besides. I am now receiving $2.50 a day in the
Deering Machine Works." It is interesting to know that
the demand from the farmers for help through such a per¬
sonal agency as Mr. Glidden conducts is met on the other
hand by workers in New York writing him for places and
statements that will assist him in making better selec¬
tions than at first : moreover, there is a moral element in
this movement that may well enlist our thoughtful consid¬
eration and, if our needs are such, our co-operation

Michigan. j. B.

R. N.-Y. — Mr. Glidden picked the men up from a variety
of sources. Many were obtained from the Salvation Army
Labor Bureau, some from agencies handling immigrants,
and others from the streets — men who had spent the night
outdoors, had had no breakfast and without a cent of money.
Mr. Glidden’s keen observation, and the strict examination,
both physical and mental, that each man was put through
saved him from being imposed upon very seriously

We are having one of the severest Winters for over 50
years; there is over five feet of snow and in some drifts It
is 30 feet. The railroads are nearly all blocked up; hun¬
dreds of men are shoveling snow in order to get the mails
through. In some places there is a scarcity of hay, coal
etc.. All the county roads are in bad condition. Unless
we have mild weather there will be suffering in some
places. l. D.

Belmont, Canada.

Look at
Sprocket
Drive

the Big
and Chain
below.

Ours is the only Manure
Spreader made pos¬
sessing this advantage.

m

The Success Manure Spreader

is the one to buy. These are among the reasons why: It is the result of 26 years of continuous Manure
Spreader making. It covers every requirement and every condition for the spreading of all kinds of ma¬
nure, lime, plaster, ashes, salt, fertilizer, etc., broadcast or in drills. Spreads thick or thin as wanted.
Apron returns automatically. Spreads largest load in 3 to & minutes. Strongest, easiest to load, spreads
most evenly and has lightest draft. Made in 1 sizes to suit requirements of all sections. All about it and
much more of value in our free book, “Farm Fertility." Write for it.

KEMP * BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 38, SYRACUSE, N.Y.

THE

JUNIOR, No. 2

Meets the demands of parties who. for a small investment,
wish to engage in the Cement Stone Business for the mar¬
ket, or purchase machine for their individual use

It is so simple and easy of operating and change for
different sizes that it can be successfully used by in¬
experienced operators,

It is thoroughly adapted to any and all kinds of con
Struction. business blocks, factories, dwellings, barns,
foundations, porches, yard fences, chimneys, etc.

It not only makes hollow blocks, but by using a parting
board will make veneer or partition walls, four- inch bed
or thickness and two stones at one operation, one of
which can be rock or bevel edge, smooth. Manufactured by

Brady Cement Stone Machine Co., Ltd.,

Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.

EXAMINE THE FRAME

It controls the life of a Spreader. It must carry a heavy load on
rough and uneven ground and sustain the strain of all working ma¬
chinery. Perfect construction is necessary. The Standard frame has
heavy sills into which the cross sills are held by large tenons, and
joint bolts. Centre truss rods run fromend to end, andTelp support
strong centre sills. The* g. _ u

STANDARD MANURE SPREADER

Is the only spreader having three shafts under frame at rear and
one in front extending entire width. These tie the frame, but their
most important duty is to give a wide bearing for all gears, prevent¬
ing the cramping and breakage that trouble other spreaders. Large
broad face apron rollers securely pinned and screwed to sill, and two apron chains insure a free running a-
pron or bottom. Every part of machine is designed for unusual strength and simplicity. Strongest wheels,
strongest braced box; strongest beater connections. Non-breakable change of feed mechanism. Simplest
Spreader to operate. Ono lever starts entire machine. Endgate lifts easily because moves back from
load, then forms a Hood over beater. Insures even spreading. Spreads light and also the heaviest — 5 to 35
k loads per acre. Rake prevents spreading in bunches. Apron returns automatically. Write for catalog.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO., Dept. K UTICA, N. Y.

Makers of Harrows, Cultivators, Potato Harvesters, etc.

24o

MARKET

Prices current at New Yoru during week
ending March 11.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth ■

No. 2, Red, Winter . — @1

Corn . — hi

Oats . — • @

Kye . — @

Parley . 44 @

IIAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime . 87 %@

No. 1 . 82 %@

No. 2 . 75

No. 3 . 65

Clover, mixed . 70

Clover . G5

Straw, long rye . 1.05

Short . 05

@

0t

(a

00

85

80

70

80

70

@1.10

@

70

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.61 per 40-
quart can, netting 314 cents per quart in 26-
cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

A drop of 2 cents.

Creamery, extra .

28

@

28%

Firsts .

26

@

27

Seconds .

24

@

25

Thirds .

«>‘>

@

23

State dairy .

09

@

26

Imitation creamery .

»)■)

@

26

Factory .

19

20

CHEESE.

One-fourth cent higher.

Full cream, small, fancy .

Small, fine .

—

@

(

14

Small, choice .

—

@

13

Small, fair to good .

12

@

1 2 V.

Small, poor .

10% @

1 1 %

Part skims .

6%@

8%

Full skims .

4

@

5

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white .

Fresh gathered, extra, mixed. .

29

@

@

30

27

28

Lower grades .

24

@

26

Western and Southern .

25

@

26

HOPS.

Choice, 1904 .

30

@

31

Medium to prime .

27

@

29

Ordinary .

25

@

26

Olds .

1 1

@

13

German crop, 1904 .

55

@

66

H OTII OI ' SE PRODl' C T S.

Beets, 100 bunches . 5.00

Cucumbers, doz., prime . 1.25

Lettuce, dozen . 50

Mushrooms, lb . 25

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

Rhubarb, lb . 7

Tomatoes, lb . 10

APPLES.

King and Spitzenburg, bbl. ...2.50
Jonathan . 2.50

Spy

Baldwin

Greening

.2.00

1.50

1.50

@6.00
@1.75
@ 60
or 65
(a 3.00
(1 10

@ 25

@3.50
@4.00
@3.25
@ 2.50
@3.00

VARIOUS

FRUITS.
, bbl.

.6.00
. 40
.3.00
.2.00
.3.50
.2.00

@

@

Cranberries, ch. (o fey

Strawberries, Fla., qt .

Oranges, Cal. navels, ch...

Poor to fair .

Florida, fancy .

Pineapples, 30s to 24s .

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy . —

Evaporated, choice . 6

Evaporated, prime . 5%@

Evaporated, com. to good... 4 @

Sun dried . 2%@

Raspberries . — @

Huckleberries . 11 @

Blackberries . 6%@

Cherries . 13

SALADS AND GREE.n STUFFS.

Asparagus, Calif., doz . 6.00

Artichokes, Calif., doz . 75

Brussels Sprouts, qt . 10

Cabbage. Danish seed, red. ..25.00

Danish seed, white . 10.00

Domestic seed, ton . 8.00

Florida, bbl. crate . 1.25

Celery, dozen . 10

Chicory or escarol, bbl . 4.00

Kale, bbl . 75

Lettuce, Fla., half-bbl. bkt. .. 2.00

Romaine, 3-pk. basket . 1.00

String beans, y2-bu. crate... 3.00
Spinach, bbl . 2.00

* POTATOES.

Long Island. 180 lbs . 1.50

State and Western, 180 lbs.. . .1.25

Jersey, ISO lbs . 1.12

Bermuda, bbl . 5.00

Sweets. Jersey, bbl . 2.0C

VARIOUS VEGETABLES.

Beets and carrots, old, bbl. . . .1.00

New. 100 bunches . 3.00

Egg plants, bu. box . 2.00

Onions, white, bbl . 4.00

@8.50
@ 75

@3.50
@2.40
@4.50
@2.50

6%

5%

5%

4

23

12

8

14%

@ 15.00
@ 1.25
20
_ 30.00
@ 1 8.00
@12.00
1.50
80
7.00
1.25
5.00
2.(10
@12.00
@ 3.00

@

@

@

@

@

@1.87

@1.50

@1.37

@6.00

@5.00

@1.50
@5.00
<§ 3.60
@8.00
@3.50
@3.50
@1.50
(a 1.75
@1.00

LIVE POULTRY.

Yellow . 3-00

Red . 3.00

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00

Squash, bbl . 1-25

Turnips, bbl . ";>

Chickens, lb.

Fowls .

Roosters . . .

Turkeys ...

Ducks, pair .

Geese." pair . . L

Pigeons, pair . —

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 15

Capons . 1 0

Chickens . 15

Fowls . . 11

Squabs, dozen . 2.00 @3.1

60

@ 12
@ 14
(„) <

@ 15
@ SO
@1.62
@ 20

@ 21
@ 24

@ 21
Or 1 2 U,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. March 18,

BREECH LOADING SHOTGU

FURS.

@1.2314
gll.18%
54%
88%
82
50

MILLFEED.

Ton to car lots.

Bran . 20.00 Oil 22.00

Middlings . ...22.00 @24.00

Gluten . 26.00 @28.00

Linseed meal . 28.00 @30.00

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots.

Timothy, bu. 45 lbs . — @ 2.75

Red top, 100 lbs . — @14.00

Blue grass, 100 lbs . — @12.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — (a 1 7.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Medium Red clover, 100 lbs... — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

Black bear .

@

20.00

Cubs and yearlings .

_ 3.00

@

10.00

Badger .

@

80

otter .

@

15.00

Beaver, large .

@

8.00

Medium .

@

5.00

Small .

@

3.00

Silver fox .

. . . . 50.00

@:

250.00

< 'ross fox .

or

10.00

Red fox .

@

3.50

Gray fox .

@

90

Fisher .

@

8.00

Wolf, prairie .

@

2.00

Timber .

@

4.00

Wolverine .

@

7.00

Lynx .

@

6.00

Wild cat .

. . . . 40

@

75

Civet cat .

. . . . 25

Oil

50

House cat, black .

—

0i>

25

House cat, colored .

, . . . 8

@

10

Marten, dark .

. . . . 6.00

(a)

1 2.00

Pale .

@>

5.00

Skunk, black .

. ... 1.65

@

1.75

Ilalf-striped .

. . . . 1 .05

@

1.15

Long-striped .

.... 90

@

1.00

Striped .

60

(ft

70

White .

30

@

—

Raccoon .

60

Or

1.50

Opossum, large .

55

(0

60

Medium .

. . . . 30

or

35

Small .

15

(0

A 8

Kits .

@

—

Rabbit .

, ... iy>@

—

Mink .

. . . 2.50

(a)

6.00

Muskrat. Winter .

14

@

15

Kits

2

@

3

Fall

9 @ 10

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, veal, fancy . 11 @

Fair to good . 9 @

Lambs, hothouse . 3.00 @9.50

Hogs . 5.50 @ i.50

11 %
10

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.75

Calves, veal . 4.00

Inferior . 3.00

Sheep . 4.50

Lambs . 7.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York,
gle bug lots 10 to 25 per cent higher

Muriate of potash .

Nitrate of soda .

Acid phosphate .

Kainit. 12 per cent potash...

Dried blood . ■

@5.85
(a 8.75
<n 3.50
@6.00
@8.40

Sin-

Tankage .

Bone meal . . .

Peruvian guano .

Sulphur flowers, in bbl. lots, lb
Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots, lb

Oi 43.00
(,i 48.50
@10.00
Ca 1 2.00
<5 45.00
(a 35.00
@ 20.00
— 37.00

@ 2%
@ 6 V4

“The life of an oyster,” said the scien¬
tific person, “may be fifteen years, but
never more than that.” “Indeed?” re¬
plied Jigsby. “Then one of the oysters
I got in a stew yesterday must have been
about 16 years old.” — Philadelphia Press.

Just down by the stream where the
bracken grows she placed her easel and
sat by it, sketching from nature. “Please,
ma’am, is that me you’re drawing milking
that cow in the pasture?” “Why, yes,
mv little man, but -I didn’t know you were
looking.” “Cos if that’s me,” continued
the boy, unmindful of the artist’s con¬
fusion, “you’ve put me on the wrong side
of the cow and I’ll get kicked over.” —
Credit Lost.

PAPER jjjy” WALLS

13Mow is THo Time

to decorate your home ; don’t huy wall papers until you
see our ofTcr. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and Ingrains at f» to I
12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you 60 p.c. : we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our free book of samples with complete [
instructions for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N Y.

Plow the Hard Spots with “

Chase9 s Patent
Plow Attachment 1

You can quickly and easily adjust yonr plow for any
condition of soil without stopping the team. Manu¬
factured by ALONZO CHASE, Palmyra, N. Yr.
Liberal Commission to Agents. Send for Circulars

Pure Canada Hardwood Ashes

The Best, Cheapest and Most Lasting Fertilizer,

The Joynt Brand is the best

Joynt’s ashes are all collected from house to house.
Now is the time to order a carload for this season.
Write for prices to JOHN JOYNT,

Lucknow, Ontario, Canada
Reference: Bradstreet's Agency

11/ r ntV CQ7 A \A/ECIf And expenses to men
VfL rMI yU I A iYLLIV with rigs to Introduce

Poultry Compound. International Alfg.Co. .Parsons, Kan.

LOW PRICE OF COTTON

makes best land in Ala-

information address SOUTH ALABAMA LAND &
IMPROVEMENT CO., Troy, Alabama.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

MAPS, Reports. Deserintive Lists, Prices. Illustrated
Rook about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. STATE BOARD OF AGKICr I.TtXHE,

Dover, Delaware.

CE||n IIC and we will send you this

9CI1U Ud O&i&U I 2-GAUGE 30-INCH SIN¬
GLE BARREL BREECH LOADING
SHOTGUN with the understanding and
agreement if you do not lind It perfectly
satisfactory, one of the
strongest guns made,
and equal to any gun
made in shooting quali¬
ties, you can return

it to us at our expense and
we will Immediately return
yourmonev. FINE STEEL
BARREL, TAPER CHOKE

BORED. PLAIN SHELL EXTRACTOR. TOP SNAP
BREAK, PISTOL GRIP. PATENT BUTT PLATE, beauti¬
fully finished. Guaranteed one of the best single barrel
breech loaders ever produced. WE BOUGHT 14,000 AT
FORCED SALE, and while they last WILL MAKE THE
RIDICULOUSLY LOW PRICE OF $2.25.

If you don't send $2.25 for this gun, then on a postal card or In a letter say: “Send
your Free Gun Catalogue" and receive tree the most wonderful book ever heard of.
the most astonishing offer ever known, $1 0.90 f°r one of the best double barrel HAMMERLESS breech load¬
ing shotguns ever made. $1.29 per 100 for best 13-gauge loaded shotgun shells made: I 9 cents per 100 for best 2*
caliber cartridges ever made; 516.03 for Winchester repeating shotguns; 517.50 for Remington double bar¬
rel shotguns with steel barrels; 516.25 for Marlin takedown shotguns; best five-shot automatic, self cocking

revolvers, 52.75 ; liberal terms. easy eonditioss, wonder- - — — — — — - -

fully liberal oners, all FREE In this big book. Send for It.

OUR FREE OFFER:

keaown shotguns j b©Pt flv©-siiot5 solf cockiqcp

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

SYRACUSE

Reversible Sulky Plow.

For both hillside and'level land plowing. Perfect work*
avoidng ridges and dead furrows. Steel moldboards
and strips, chilled or steel shares. With automatic,
adjustable pole, operator regulates width of furrow,
plows around curves and avoids side strain on horses.

I Beam, landside, wheel and pole always in line, no side
draft. With Power Lift, making it easy for the boy to
handle. If your dealer hasn’t it, write us. Catalogue free.

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse, N. Y.*|

“Wood”
Floating Frame
Mowers

are the only mowers made with
the floating frame construction.

This nueans that on uneven
ground the bar is fre-e to follow
all depressions, cutting the crop
with equal ease from hollows,
humps or hillocks. Made in
three sizes — to carry cutter bars
of seven different lengths. Made
for one horse or two.

Walter A. Wood

HARVESTING
MACHINERY

is made by skilled mechanics,
carefully selected materials only
being used. Send for our hand¬
some illustrated catalogue of
Mowers, Binders, Reapers, Rakes
and Hay Tedders, which gives
illustrations and full information.

We will direct you to the nearest
agency where you can inspect
them.

Bepairs furnished for Walter A.
Wood Machinery of any date— no
matter how antiquated.

We are the oldest independent makers
of harvesting machinery in the world.

WALTER A. WOOD

MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO.,
Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

\Af A KITE fl young men. 20 to 30 years old. to learn
ilHIl I LU practical Landscape business, Must be
willing to work hard at small salary. Good chance
for advancement. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS.
INC., Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Pa.

U/ A MTCn Position as foreman or manager of farm,
I* Hll I LU by young^man with good education and

practical experience.

. W. Stover. Erwinna. Pa.

ATTENTION

—Needing male
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. HERZ, Genl. Mgr., 99 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

THERE IS MONEY IN

Our Improved Large English Berkshires

and it’s easy got out. They’re the long, broad, low
down kind "that get big quick. Send for circular de¬
scribing our stock and farm. Get your order in early ;
we have run short of stock every spring for the last
five years.

PENN A. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg. Pa.

i

cured to STAY CUBED. No

— , i , i medicines needed afterwards.

Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. V .

Lambs

Dressed Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products, Fancy
Eggs, Fruits, Vegetables. Write us what you have
to offer. Top Prices for Choice Products.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York

Oldest Commission S, SuSaES:

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

QUO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds o.
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Produots a Specialty. •Consignments aoliolted.

BA At SB Little latll St.. New York

BUSINESS MANAGER wanted lnevery town to man¬
age branch office and superintend force of sales¬
men Big money. No canvassing. No capital required
Can be managed with other work or business. Hai¬
ti culars on application. Give references. William
C. Moore & Co., Dept, a., Nurserymen, Newark, N. Y.

TO I FACE (and later perhaps For Sale) : — Farm
I.EHOE three miles from 'Trenton, on canal
and good Macadam road; 139 acres rich soil, well
watered; commodious stone dwelling house; also
smaller wooden dwelling house and full set of farm

buildings in good repair. Apply to

LI NTON SATTERTHW.

L

Bank Building,

\TT,

Trenton, N. J.

F2YITIVI FOR - SiLXjR

containing 294 acres, in Talbot County, Maryland; 7
miles from Easton, at steamboat landing on Cliop-
tank river. Good grain and fruit land, divided in 7
fields, six well watered, abundant woodland, shell
marl on farm. Buildings in good condition: farm
house, three tenant houses, hay barn and stock bam,
carriage house and outhouses, and3,000 bushel gran¬
ary on wharf. Fences wire, Osage orange and rail.
Terms, part cash, balance on mortgage. For partic¬
ulars • address Robert C- Justis. Faulkland. Del.

FOR SALE— Tract of land in New Jersey suitable
to the cultivation of cranberries. A bog of 50 acres
in bearing, a fine young cedar swamp and land suita¬
ble to raising small fruits and vegetables. Apply to
”T'' " " ’ k.Penna.

J. H. RICHARDS. Overbrook,

FOR QAT F Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
i wiv Buildings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar

Miples, equipped. Good Dairy. 165 Acres on main
road. $40.60 per acre. One-third down. Bal. to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

FARMS

For rich farming and fruit growing.
Write J. D. 8. HANSON, Hart, Mich.

S TROUT’S SPECIAL LISTS” Illustrated, ol
200 farm bargains inNew England, New York
Delaware, Maryland and the South, mailed FREH
by E. A. ST ItO U T, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau St..
New York City, or Tiemont Temple, Boston.

FAD CAI C— Farm of 17 acres located on D. &B.
run wHLl g. B B. New Mexico. 1200 to 1500
Fruit trees— good house and out-buiidings. Excel¬
lent climate for health seekers, especially favorable
for lung trouble or asthma. Price $3,COO. Address
W. P. GOULD, Deming, New Mexico.

A Good Farm of 191 acres near
Dansville, Livingston Co. N. Y.
McNAIR, Herndon, Fairfax Co.

FOR SALE

Address, W. M.
Virginia.

MARYLAND, VIRGINIA FARM BARGAINS;

”1 splendid markets; farmers getting rich; cata¬
logue. SOULE. Washington, D. 0- _

Ranches for Sale.
Hay, Stock, Grain,
Geo. E. Grebles, Box 215, Silver-

COLORADO INVESTMENTS Hay, _Stock, Grain,

and Fruit Ranches,
ton, Colo.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re-
auirements and save you some money besides.

'WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn

Brooks’ Sure Cure

FOR

UPT0]

Brooks’ Appliance. New
discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxions springs or pads.
Automatic Air Cushions.
Binds and draws the broken
part* together as you would
a broken limb. No salves.
No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able, cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

BB00KS APPLIANCE CO., Box

86b MAKSHALL. MICH.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

24 i

Bring Up
The Chicks

Btrong and healthy there is nothing like
Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. Chicks
very frequently become exhausted from
a rapid growth of feathers, which ^char¬
acterized by debility, general ill condi¬
tion andleg weakness. The digestive ton¬
ics of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a work
wonders in these cases. It strengthens
every organ, makes pullets lay earlier.

We guarantee that if Pan-a-ce-a is lied
once a day, beginning when the chicks
are less than a week old and continued
until they are well feathered, there will
beino loss from gapes or other diseases.

DR. HESS
POULTRY
PAN-A-CE-A

is formulated by Dr. Hess (M.P..P.V.S.)
Costs but a penny aday for 30 to 60 fowls.

1$ lbs. 85c, mall or |
express 40c
5 lbs. 60c <

18 lbs. * 1.25
25 lb. pall $2.50. '

Except In Canada
and extreme
West and Sooth.

Sold on aWritten Guarantee

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48 page Poultry
Book, free.

DR. HESS & CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

TT7i en getting the hen sprinkle both hen
and nest with Instant Lome Killer.

A. L1NDSTR0M

Breeder of S ILVER
LACED WYANDOTTES
AND SINGLE COMB
WHITE LEGHORNS. Eggs from Prize Winners at
MADISON SQUARE and NEWARK SHOWS, 1905.

Per Setting, 13 Eggs, $2.

MORRIS PLAINS, = - NEW .JERSEY

St Of' If From Roso aiul Single

WbUUlk CUiU. O comb Buff Leghorns.

Rose and S. C. and R. P. Buff Orpingtons, Barred P.
Rocks, White Wyandottes, Improved Chester White
Pigs. D. J. KENEPP, McVeytown, Pa.

A few choice White Holland Turkeys. Both sexes
at reasonable prices.

A. W. SPINK; • Rodman, .Teff. Co.. N. Y.

VERY HEN’S A MINT

She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfalfa Huy is the green food the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. Write for free catalog.
Harvey Seed Co., 88 Elllcott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Valiev View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze ami Wild
Tnrkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

ONLY FINE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

on my place. Eggs, $1.00 for 15. or $4.00 for 100.

E. W. JENKINS, Dover. Delaware.

Partridge Plymouth Rocks

MADISON SQUARE WINNERS. Eggs, 13. $2.

Riverside Farm, Weston, N, .J.

Standard-bred Poultry White Wyandottes.

Rhode Island Beds, Barred llocks. Choice Matings,
Eggs at farmers’pricee. Fairview Farm, Shrewsbury,
Pa.

Dili 11 TDV000000^

rum I n r&ftad

^POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu-5
jbators, Livestock, Brooders— anything— I
) it’s our business. Call or let us send you.
your Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the J
) asking— it's worth having.

lExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,

>Dcpt. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City.

oooooooooooooooooooooooob^

us

THE BEST

waterproof CLOTHING

IN THE WORLD

/,,//,/ BEARS THIS TRACE MASK

MADE IN BLACK OR YELUJW

TAKE NO SUBSTITUTES

ON 5ALE EVERYWHERE
CATALOGUE* FUEL
SHOWING' FULL LINE OP
GARMENTS AND HATS
A. J. TOWER CO., BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A.
TOWER CANADIAN CO., LTD., TORONTO. CANADA.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

Subscribers in different parts of the
country are writing us inquiring about
the reliability of a well-known real estate
agent of Philadelphia, Pa., and asking
our reasons for discontinuing his adver¬
tising. They send telegrams which they
have received from him, which read as
follows :

“Prospects exceptional if listed at once.
IVill you accept proposition?”

We were asked if this agent really sells
any farms or whether his energies are ex¬
hausted in the efforts to get an advance
fee from those who want to sell. One
man from New York writes as follows:

My personal experience is this : Some

time ago I wrote Mr. - for his plan

for selling property. I told him what I had
to sell, and he told me his price and plan.
I did not list with him. A few months ago
he again solicited the business. I replied
to his letter, giving my reason for not listing
with him. About six months later I received
a long letter from him assuring me of his
ability to sell my property at a price some¬
what" higher ttian that I had mentioned and
assuring me that he wanted to make a spe¬
cial effort on this along with other properties
in this locality. The assurances were strong,
but I did not list with him. A week later I
received a telegram stating that the prospect
of an immediate sale was unusually good if
the property were listed at once. I hit !
He was very prompt in acknowledging his re¬
ceipt of the check. I have since then heard
nothing from the worthy gentleman. If this
were all I should certainly not report it. but
I find that this is the method lie seems to be
taking to secure business in general. I know
of a number of people here who have had it
put to them in the same way. The telegram
seems to do the work !

A correspondent from Illinois writes
as follows :

I have a farm to sell, and wrote Mr.

- , stating price and number of acres.

In reply I received a letter from him giving
most positive assurances of being able to sell
at my price, provided I listed at once, by
paying him a retaining fee of $15. The next
day I received a telegram from him, which
I enclose. All this before receiving a full
description of my property. I wrote him
that I was not willing to pay anyone for not
selling my land, but if lie would agree to
sell within a reasonable time or refund the
$15 I might consider his offer. lie refused
to do this.

A Long Island reader writes as fol¬
lows :

I have received circulars and a telegram
from Mr. - , of Philadelphia. Pa., stat¬

ing that he can sell my property at my price.
Will you kindly tell me whether lie is relia¬
ble? He wants an advance fee of $20. Have
you refused his advertising for any reason?
I do not see it in The It. N.Y.

According to commercial ratings he is
entirely responsible for any definite con¬
tracts that he makes. But it does not
appear that be makes any agreement bind¬
ing him to sell the listed property. There
is nothing in the telegram to bind him
to sell it. It does not even state that he
has a definite customer for it, though the
man who receives it may conclude that
he has. Our attention was first called to
these telegrams in December last, and we
promptly discontinued all of this agent’s
advertising, and returned his subsequent
orders.

This agent has been in this business
for a long time. He had a little ad¬
vertisement to sell farms in The R. N.-Y.
years ago, but when he first began to
charge for listing property for sale, we
took it out and refused his business for
several years. His advertising continued
during this time in all the other larger
papers, and he finally guaranteed us that
he would give our subscribers advertising
of their property to cover the advance fee
he charged them. Under this guarantee
we accepted his business. He has contin¬
ued to be a large advertiser, using daily,
weekly and monthly publications, includ¬
ing magazines. His work ought to put
him in communication with a great many
purchasers of real estate as well as those
who desire to sell.

But it seems that he insists on an ad¬
vance fee before listing the pronerty at
all. He does not agree to sell the prop¬
erty in consideration of the fee. He may
say that he thinks he can sell it; or that
he feels sure he can sell it, but he does
not bind himself to sell it.

We have had many inquiries of late
about this business, and read a great
many of the letters and telegrams that he
sent our readers. After carefully read¬
ing these we did not feel that we wanted
to carry his advertising. We do not,
however, wish to be understood as re¬
flecting in any way on the responsibility
or integrity of the agent. We simply
will not carry the advertising of any
agent, no matter what his financial rat¬
ing may be, who charges an advance fee
for listing property for sale, and who
sends telegrams urging the payment of
the fee and intimating that a purchaser is
in sight for a particular property, when
nothing follows the listing of the prop¬
erty and payment of the fee to justify the
impression created by the telegram.

ACROSS COUNTRY.

The signs of the times point to an enor¬
mous increase of intelligent public interest
in health: to a new generation with purer,
stronger blood and therefore more active,

braver brains and
body. No phys¬
ically robust,
healthy person
ever succumbed
to grip, consump¬
tion, malaria or
any other germ
disease. But with
a weakened sys¬
tem we all have
to fight the germs
of disease.
Our blood is
•ften in a fer¬
tile condition
for the
growth of
bacteria —
the germs
of disease

our stom¬
ach is disordered
or our liver is tor¬
pid — in either case
our blood does not
get the proper
nourishment. A
torpid liver means
a stagnation of
the blood and an
accumulation of
poisons which
furnishes a weak
spot for bacteria to enter.

To enrich the blood and increase the
red blood corpuscles, Dr. Pierce years ago
found a vegetable compound, which he
called Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discov¬
ery, that would quickly cure the bad symp¬
toms by increasing the red blood corpus¬
cles and thereby feeding the nerves on rich
blood. This "Medical Discovery ” also acts
upon the digestion and assimilation of food,
so that the blood gets its proper elements
from the products of digestion. Feed the
lungs, stomach and heart on rich red blood
and you have surely a healthy body which
will throw off the germs of disease which
lurk everywhere. Get as near nature’s
way as you can. A medicine made entirely
from botanical extracts and which does not
contain alcohol is the safest. Dr. Pierce’s
Golden Medical Discovery contains neither
alcohol nor narcotics.

More and Stronger Chicks

can be hatched i n the Standard

CYPHERS

INCUBATORS

than In any other, or your tncnej back. Semi your
name and the addresses of two friends who keep poul¬
try, for Free Copy ofcomplcto Catalog and Poultry-
men’s Guide, 212 pages (9x11) 500 l Ilustrations.
Mention this paper, addressing nearest office.
Cyphers Incubator Co., Buffalo. Boston,
Chicago, Now York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

THE “GEM” MONEY MAKER

hatches chickens at a lively rate— live i
chickens too — that live and grow
into money. Our catalogue tells of
“l»em” features no other Incubator |
has. Write for copy — It is tree.

OEM INCUBATOR CO.

Box 424 _ Dayton, Ohio

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORS AND BROODERS

acknowledged by experts to be the
most profitable machines made.
1 Winners of 385 First Prizes. Write
tor free catalog with proof and val¬
uable information for beginners.

Prairie State Incubator Co,
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

IT IS A FACT

that poultry pays a larger profit

for the money invested than any
other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
T training or previous experience;
that the Rename Incubators and Brooders will give
the best results in all cases. Our20th Century Poultry
Boob tells just why, and a hundred other things you
should know. We mail the book for 10 cents. Write
to-day. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry.

RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER C0„ BmB-101 Quincy, III.

60 DAYS FREE TRIAL

That’s the way we sell the Success
Incubator. Wo give you an oppor¬
tunity of taking off two hatches
and thoroughly trying machine.
Send it back if not satisfactory.
Send for free, illustrated catalog.
AMERICAN BROODER CO.
Box 48 , Racine, Wl*.

$4.50

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

For a 50-Egg Hot Water,
Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
$3 for 50-chick brooder. Only $7.50

for complete outfit. 30 days’

trial. Send for FREE catalogue.

No agent's
prolits to pay.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Springfield, Ohio.

KALAMAZOO

hatches more and stronger chicks than any other
incubator. Least oil and least attention
of any. Best of all, it’s an

INCUBATOR

SOLD ON TIME

Not a cent of cost to start poultry raising. We
arrange payments to suit you. the machine
will pay for itself. Ask for our great offer.
Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your chicks.
Write to-day for full particulars.

REED MFG. CO.,

527 Main Street, Kalamazoo, Mich,

tells how to make money

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. How to make
a profit on clucks. How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Why not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
i867,and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free.

GEO. ERTEL CO„
Quincy, Ill.

60,000 Sure Hatch Incubators

.Working satisfactorily night and day.
jNo “race suicide" in the poultry
world while Sure Hatches are
busy. Hatch every fertile tgg. Lead
because of exclusive patented feat¬
ures. $ 100,000 , 5-year guarantee .
Price of 120-egg machine, -g g

freight prepaid east of 111

f the Rocky Mountains
60 days* trial. Catalog free. Addresa
’BURK HATCH INCUBATOR CO.,

Bax 4411, Clay Center, Neb, Box 14411, Indianapolis, lai*

i

a I A.80 For
I & 200 Egg
GINCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

IS? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low

In price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FritCitilof

GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE

of Standard bred poultry for 1905, printed in colors,
fine chrome, suitable for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. Gives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lice, etc. TIiIa book only lOcettla.

B, H. CREIDER. RHEEMS, PA.

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

' From 1 to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue.

WILSON’ BUOS.,Sole Bfrs. , Dept. X K>atoo,P*.

A Free Book About

Incubators

For your own sake don’t buy an incubator
until you read our book. It is written by
the man who knows most about incubating
— a man who devoted 23 years to the prob¬
lem. Ittellsvitalfactsthatyoumust know
to buy wisely — facts you would not think of.
It tells of Racine Incubators and Brooders,
of course, but whether you buy ours or
another, the facts are i mportant. The man
who writes the book made the Racine Incu¬
bator. When you learn what he knows you
will want his machine, we think. The book
is free— write today for it. Remember, We
Pay the Freight. Address
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 , Racine, Wis.

Warehouses: Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

Gleanings in Bee Culture

^ teaches you about bees, how to handle ^
them for honey and protit. Send for free
copy. Read it. Then you'll want to subscribe.
6 month’s triai25f. Don’tdelay butdoittoday

A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO.

D

THE N ORTH WESTERN LINE.

One of the most interesting series of
articles on the subject of the great rail¬
ways of the country that has appeared
recently is that from the pen of Frank II.
Spearman recently published in the Satur¬
day Evening I’ost, and which has since
been printed in book form by Scribners.
The chapter descriptive of the Chicago &
North-Western Ry. has been published by
the passenger department of that line in
pamphlet form for general distribution and
will lie sent to any address on receipt of
2c. for postage. W. B. Ivniskern, I\ T. M.,
Chicago.

WANTED! AN ACTIVE POULTRYMAN

For an ambitious hustler who has a large acquaintance among the poult rymen in the
county in which he lives we have a good opening, one that will pay a neat income.
Secretaries of Poultry Associations preferred.

Address :

THE H-O COMPANY,

Feed Dep’t. BUFFALO, N. Y.

WANTED— Every poultrvman
to send for book “ Poultry Feeds
and Feeding.” IT’S FREE.

SIX VARIETIES

$5 for 152, $10 for 36. This strain has pro¬
duced Prize Winners all over the country.

$52 tor 153, $8 for 100. Guaranteed to hatch
great egg producers,

ELM POULTRY YARDS, Box Y, Hartford, Conn.

242

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 18,

l Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

GRIGGSBY’S STATION.

Tap's pot his patent right, and rich as all
creation ;

But where the peace and comfort that we
all had before?

Let's go a-visitin' back lo Gri "gaby's Station —
, Back where we ust to be so happy and so
pore !

The likes of us a-livin' here? It's jest a
mortal pity.

To see us in this great big house, with car¬
pets on the stairs,

And the pump right in the kitchen? And
the city ! city ! city —

And nothing but the city all around us,
everywheres !

Climb clean aDove the roof and look from
the steenle,

And never see a robin, nor a beech or elm
tree !

And right here in earshot of at least a thou¬
sand people —

And none that neighbors with us or we
want to go and see !

Let's go a-visitin’, back to Grlggsby's Sta¬
tion —

Back where the latchstring's bangin’ from
the door ;

And every neighbor ’round the place is dear
as a relation —

Back where we ust to be so happy and so
pore !

I want to see the Wigginses, the whole kit
and bilin’

A-drivin’ up from Sballer Ford to stay the
Sunday through ;

And I want to see ’em hitchin’ at their son-
in-law's and pilin’

Out there at Lizy Ellen’s like they ust to
do !

I want to see the piece quilts, the ones the
girls is makin’ ;

And I want to pester Laury 'bout their
freckled hired hand.

And joke her ’bout the widower she come
purt’ nigh a-takin’,

Till her pap got his pension ’lowed iu
time to save his land.

Let’s go a-visitin’ back to Grlggsby’s Sta¬
tion —

Back where they’s nothin' aggrevatin’ any
more ;

Shet away safe in the woods around the
old location —

Back where we ust to be so happy and so
pore !

I want to see Marindy and help her with
her sewin’,

And hear her talk so lovin’ of her man
that's dead and gone.

And stand up with Emanuel to show me
how he's growin’,

And smile as I have saw her ’fore she put
her mournin’ on.

And I want to see the Samples, on the old
lower eighty,

Where John, our oldest boy, he was tuk
and buried — for

His own sake and Katy’s — and I want to
cry with Ivaty

As she reads all his letters over, writ from
the war.

What’s all this grand life and high situation.

And nary pink nor hollyhawk a-bloomin’ at
the door?

Let's go a-visitin’ back to Griggsby’s Sta¬
tion —

Back where we ust to be so happy and so
pore !

— James Whitcomb Riley.

*

We once saw a dressmaker preparing
to cut buttonholes in material that frayed
easily. First she marked the buttonhole,
then stitched close around it on the sew¬
ing machine, before cutting it. This pre¬
vented the fraying and gave something
firm to work on.

*

Bottle heaters, consisting of a rubber
hot-water case having pockets in which
to place the baby’s bottle at night are
conveniences now on sale. A friend has
contrived a convenient substitute, using
an ordinary hot-water bottle. Two deep,
fiat pockets are stitched on the canton
flannel cover, and the bottles slipped into
these. This does away with the bother
of lighting an alcohol or gas stove when
the baby is fed during the night.

*

If any reader of The R. N.-Y. suffers
from chilblains next Winter, it certainly
will not be our fault. Our little notes
on this affliction, printed a few weeks
ago, has called out a flood of remedies ;

some come from “ way down East,” some
from the cold North, and some even
from sunny California, from past suffer¬
ers who are now exempt. We are very
glad to offer thanks to all who have

given information on this subject.

*

Here is the old-fashioned English re¬
cipe for cream curds, which makes a
delicious dessert : Beat four eggs and
stir them into a quart of milk slightly
warmed. New milk was originally called
for. Add a little salt and turn the mix¬
ture into a covered earthen pot. A bean
pot or casserole will answer. Set the
pot in a pan of warm water over the
fire. As soon as the milk cracks turn
it carefully out on a sieve covered with
a linen cloth. When the draining is com¬
plete put the curds in a glass dish in
large spoonfuls.

*

We watched a clever dressmaker make
a kilt-pleated skirt of brilliantine, and
were surprised to find that she cut no
gores. Four straight breadths of 54-inch
material were used, the skirt being for
a stout person ; one slimmer could use
four breadths of 40-inch goods. The
hem was finished ; then, starting at the
front with one box pleat, the kilting,

two inches wide, was laid on each side,
towards the back, great care being taken
to keep the edges straight. After bast¬
ing, the skirt was put upon the wearer,
and fitted to her figure by folding each
pleat deeper at the upper edge. The

pleats were stitched to a deep yoke depth
(shallower at the back) on the straight
front edge and the curving inner line.

The result was a well-fitting skirt that

could not possibly sag out of shape, as
a gored skirt usually does, nor could it
pull apart at the placket. The same dress¬
maker in making a silk waist, first fitted
the lining perfectly', and then finished it
throughout, boning and facing it care¬
fully. She then selected a pillow of the
right size, patted it into shape, and used
it for a “form” to stuff the waist lining,
pulling two corners of the pillow out at
the armholes, so that the lining was
smoothly fitted out. She then draped the
outside of the waist upon this, fitting it
carefully over the lining and pinning it
into place before beginning to baste. The
shoulder seams were first stitched, before
the final basting of the under-arm seams,
the edges of the seams coming between
silk and lining.

*

Prepared paste in dry form is now of¬
fered for paper hanging; it is merely
stirred into cold water, and does away
with the trouble of boiling flour paste,
which so often forms obstinate lumps.
If ordinary paste is made a wall paper
manufacturer advises the following di¬
rections : Take three pints of flour, rub

A MATTER OF HEALTH

Absolutely Pure

HAS HO SUBSTITUTE

smooth in two quarts of cold water, add
eight quarts of boiling water and let
this boil slowly. Stir constantly for 10
minutes. When cold, stir in two table¬
spoonfuls of powdered alum. Use about
as thick as will run off the brush. Starch
paste, which is considered very satisfac¬
tory, is made in the following manner:
Dissolve one pound of best gloss starch in
a quart of cold water. Use a large pail
or dish pan. Boil a kettle of water and
add same to starch gradually, stirring
constantly until starch is cooked. When
paste cools and is too thick it can be re¬
duced with cold water. New walls that
have never been papered must be washed
over with sizing, which is made by soak¬
ing a pound of glue for 12 hours in cold
water and adding 12 quarts of hot water
and a tablespoonful of powdered alum.
Before sizing, all kalsomine or whitewash
should be washed off. If the walls have
been rough plastered, or have not been
putty-coated, rub off the projecting grains
of sand with a block of wood, and if the
walls are bad, apply thin paste and let it
dry before papering. Walls that have
been painted should be gone over with
a solution consisting of one part am¬
monia and six parts water, before siz¬
ing. Board ceilings or walls should be
covered with cheese cloth tacked at the
edges and then sized, which shrinks it
tight to the wall. The row of tacks at
the corners and around the casing should
be about two inches from the same, and
the ends of the cloth pasted down. In
cleaning and sizing walls, be careful to
do it thoroughly around the baseboard
and casings, and you will have no trouble
with your paper curling at the edges.

We feel that the doer is better than the
critic, and that the man who strives stands
far above the man who stands aloof,
whether he thus stands aloof because of
pessimism or because of sheer weakness.
— Theodore Roosevelt.

It takes a good
dealer to sell right
lamp-chimnevs
when wrong ones
pay so much better.

Macbeth.

The Index tells you, in ten minutes, all you
need to know for comfort with lamps and
the saving of chimney-money; sent free;
do you want it ?

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
yourown lines. Book of instruction
free. Write nearest office.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.
153 St. Clair St. , Cleveland, O.
440 Main St., Dallas, Texas

\% HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

L J Ka]

CKAKCHING investigation oi
this Company’s record, its
present standing, and its con
servative methods will assure
you that its funds are better
secured thau the average 4 p. c.
investment.

We pay you f> p. c. per annum
— a quarter larger lnt nine. You
will appreciate the convenience
of our “ certificate ” system for
handling accounts by mall.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . 31,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
3160,000

Industrial Savings k LoanCo*
1134 Hkoadway, Nkw York.

8,35 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days' notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

▲ KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

12

6

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it at
Oven our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermom#tir J20.000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing ; we own and operate one of the larg¬
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sel 1 the e ntire prod¬
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro-
curable article at a big saving, we know we can satisfy you.

LSend Postal for Free Catalogue No. 114

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with special
. reference to long life and economy of fuel. All

blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.

«>A’V All cook stoves and ranges equipped

r‘ ^ with patented oven thermometer.

THE ^ ^ It save fuel and makes baking easy.

FREIGHT Investigate our offer and

save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

■Ask Tnde-Mlrk,

deafer Mr 18 Guaranteed to go twice as far ’
fnril Jw as paste or liquid polishes. X-ltayisthe
J ^ O R I C I N A L Powdered Stove
Polish. It pives a quick, brilliant lustre and Does
Not Horn Off. Sample sent if you address Dept. P
LAHOXT, CORLISS k CO., Agta., 78 Uudton 81.. New York.

No Money Required

until you receive and approve of your
bicycle. IV e ship to anyone on

TEH DAYS FREE TRIAL

Finest guaranteed f /)

1905 Models E U to

with Coaster-Brakes & Punctureless Tires.
1003 A 1904 Models f f O

of Best Makes . iff M fO a AS

SOO Second-Hand Wheel a

All makes & Mod- Of 9 C O
els good as new ** 1 °

GREAT FACTORY CLEARING SALE.

BIDER AGENTS WANTED in each town at good
pay. Write at once for catalog and Special Offer.

TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. R 70 CHICAGO

“The Nation’s pleasure ground and sani¬
tarium.”— David, Bennett Hill

THE

ADIRONDACK

MOUNTAINS.

The lakes and streams in the
Adirondack Mountains are full of
fish: the woods are inviting-, the
air is filled with health, and the
nights are cool and restful. If you
visit this region once, you will go
there again A n answer to almost
any question in regard to the Adi-
rondacks will be found in No. 20
of the “Four-Track Series,” “ The
Adirondack Mountains and How
to Reach Them ; ” issued by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL

A copy will be mailed free on receipt of a
two-cent stamp, by George H. Daniels. Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

1005.

243

Patches.

The under-flannels were in a very di¬
lapidated condition, and it was a discour¬
aging prospect to think of patching them
by hand. The knees were the worst, hav¬
ing great holes. I cut out these holes
and the thin parts surrounding them,
leaving a large, square hole, and then
made a little diagonal cut at each corner,
not quite as long as the width of a seam.

4958 Five Gored Under Petticoat,

22 to 36 waist.

Finding an old garment suitable for patch¬
ing, I laid on the piece I had taken out
and cut the patch out by it, being care¬
ful to make it large enough to allow for
two seams, the one on the patch and the
one on the garment. The novice would
not think of this, but one can see that
it is necessary. Then I turned the gar¬
ment, placed the edges of the patch and
the cut together, and stitched them, hold¬
ing the work so that the patch was un¬
der side, and turning the corners as I came
to them. The result was a patch neatly
set in, and looking much better stitched

4950 Child’s Apron, 2 to 8 yrs.

by machine than sewed by hand in the
usual way, besides being done in far less
time. _ S. B. R.

The Rural Patterns.

The underskirt No. 4958 will be found
a very desirable pattern. The skirt is cut
in five gores and can be finished with
a belt or under facing at the upper edge.
The flounce when used is applied over it
on indicated lines, the upper edge being
concealed by the band. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
4 yards 27, 4 yards 36 inches wide, with
3 ?4 yards of embroidery 8 inches wide or
1 yard 27 or yard 36 inches wide for
frill. The pattern 4958 is cut in sizes
for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36-inch
waist measure ; price 10 cents.

Practical aprons that perfectly protect
the frock are those most needed by active,

4911 Baby’s Night-Gown, One Size.

healthful children. This one is attractive
and becoming at the same time that it
serves these ends, and can be made of any
simple washable material. In the case of
the model, however, the fabric is Scotch
gingham, finished with stitched edges.
The apron is made with a smoothly fitted
yoke, with front and backs which are
gathered at their upper edges and at¬
tached to the yoke. On the front are ar¬
ranged two patch pockets, and a belt
serves to confine the fullness at the back.
The sleeves are in bishop style, finished

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

with straight, narrow cuffs, and a little
roll-over collar completes the neck. The
quantity of material required for the
medium size is 3J4 yards 27 or yards
36 inches wide. The pattern 4950 is cut
in sizes for children 2, 4, 6 and 8 years of
age ; price 10 cents.

The value of an infant's sleeping gar¬
ment that will perfectly protect the little
feet is apparent at a glance. This one
amply fulfils that requirement and can
readily and 'easily be slipped on and off,
as it closes all the way down the front.
As illustrated the material is white flan¬
nel with an embroidered flannel edge and
silk banding, but there are many others
equally appropriate. The little garment
is made with fronts and back, the back
being longer and folded over onto the
fronts, then buttoned into place. At the
neck is a wide collar and the sleeves are
full, in bishop style, with roll-over cuffs.
The quantity of material required is 2-)4
yards 27 or 2% yards 36 inches wide with
2 yards of edging to trim as illustrated.
The pattern 4911 is cut in one size only;
price 10 cents. _

Two Styles for Curtains.

Several readers have asked us for ideas
in hanging window curtains. We much

prefer curtains that do not reach to the
floor; they do not catch so much dust,
and they are especially in harmony with
a country house. The two styles of
drapery shown are reproduced from Good
Housekeeping. They may be made of
net, muslin, madras or any suitable ma¬

terial. The style showing a short frill
across the top, with the straight curtain
below for bedroom use can be made
from white lawn or swiss edged with
bands of flowered lawn, the effect being
very quaint and pleasing.

The world delights in sunny people.
The old are hungering for love more than
for bread. The air of joy is very cheap;
and if you can help the poor on with a
garment of praise, it will be better for
them than blankets. — Henry Drummond.

It is no man’s business whether he
has genius or not; work he must, what¬
ever he is, but quietly and steadily; and
the natural results of such work will al¬
ways be the things that God meant him
to do and will be his best. — John Ruskin.

CONSUMPTION
Hope, fresh air, rest and
Scott’s Emulsion are the
greatest remedies for con¬
sumption. Scott’s Emulsion
will always bring comfort and
relief — often cure. Scott’s
Emulsion does for the con¬
sumptive what medicine alone
cannot do. It's the nourish¬
ment in it that takes the pa¬
tient in long strides toward
health.

We’ll send you a sample free.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 4og Pearl Street, New York.

EVERGREENS

forest trees, nursery grown and hardy
everywhere. All sizes for all purposes,
at lowest prlees. B0 bargain lots, all
first class, prepaid. Cl to CIO par 100.
Catalogue and bargain sheet free.
D. Hill, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III.

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE

Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

12 Roses

Blooming1
Size Plants
Postpaid

lor 50c.

Including such fine varieties as Climbing Kaiserin,
Etoile de Lyon, Marquise lie Querhoent, Marie Van
Hcutte, and others of equal value; all labelled. All
grown on their own roots. This is a special trial col¬
lection. Send for free catalogue. W. R. GRAY,
Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax County, Va.

Our large 160 page Illus¬
trated Catalogue of

Ideal Seeds, Plants & Bulbs,
and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE
DWARF
OTAHEITE

I f you wi 11 send us the addresses of
five persons Interested in buying

_ Seeds and Plants and six cents to pay

postage. Thlsorangeis easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIN CO., Dept 10 Calls, Ohio.

[ant ot me popular

ORANGE

Men Who Shave

run big risk in using any¬
thing but the best shaving
soap. That’s the popular

WILLIAMS’ iHoAVAN?

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

Try them for COUGHS, COLDS,
ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, SORE
THROAT and HOARSENESS.

imitations. /&***,/&*'

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply ana
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

Did you ever see 6 straight or circular rows of
Pansies side by side, each a different color? If so,
you know that the effect is charming. Did you ever
see Childs’ Giant Pansies, marvels in beauty and
true to color? If not, you have not seen the best.

As a Trial Offer we will for lO cts. mail 5
Pkts.Giant I'ansles, Snow White, Coal Black,
Card! n al Red, l*u reYel low, A zure Blue; also
Five Pkts. New Gian t Sweet Pea* for lO cts.,
White. Pink, Scarlet, Blue, Yellow; also
Five Pkts. new early flowering Carnation Pinks
for lOcts., Scarlet. White, Pink, Bed and Striped—
or All 15 Pkts. for 25 cts.

Our Catalogue for 1905— Greatest Book of
Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs, Plants and
New Fruits. 148 pages. 500illustrations,many plates
—will be mailed Free. Scores of Great Novelties.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, N. Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Ever blooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue Fit EE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

TWENTY BUSHELS

Of WHEAT

to the Acre

In the record on the FREE
Homestead Lands of Western
Canada for 1904. Tho 150,00«
farmers from the United State*
who during the past seven years
have gone to Canada participate
in this prosperity. The United
States will soon become an
importer of Wheat. Get a

Free Homestead

or purchase a farm in

WESTERN
CANADA

and become one of those who will help
produce it. This is the era of $1.00 wheat.
Apply for information to Superinten-
ent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

“SURE RING” TELEPHONE

Costs 50c more than our regular bridg¬
ing telephone, but with It you can ring
the 20th telephone on the line with the
other 18 receivers off the hooks and get
party wanted. Send for descriptive
circular, also book F-102illustrating all
our rural telephones, etc. Address
nearest office. STROMBERG-CARLSON
TEL. MFG. CO., Rochestor, N. Y„ Chicago, III.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.
Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

AND LINE MATERIAL FOB

FARMERS’ LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

RITTI n ITD yoxxr Health and
DUlLfl/ Ur strength with

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invig orator
BS for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

244

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 18, 1905.

THE MATES FE^TJJLIZ^RS. THE_ OLDEST TJV AMERIC_A

The Mapes Gompl re Manures Contain the Highest Grade

Materials and the Mo: 5 Soluble and Valuable Plant-Food Forms Known

*—

NO. 1 PURE PERUVIAN GUANO R^afied (by our special treatment to improve its solubility, WITHOUT ACIDITY),
nitrate of potash, carbonate of pc^itl, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc., etc. Without knowledge of the sources
or character of the materials used ° ^making a mixed fertilizer the chemist is unable to determine the plant food value
Of the ingredients, particularly organic nitrogen, phosphoric acid insoluble, and all forms of potash.

The official report of the Connecticut Experiment Station for the year 1904 contains the analyses of over two
hundred brands of mixed fertilizers (samples taken in the market). In this report of analyses the Mapes Manures are
given the highest valuation of all, and on the ordinary basis of figuring “valuations; no benefit is received by the
Mapes Manures for the superior and more costly forms of Potash, Nitrate of Potash and Carbonate of Potash
(eight cents instead of 5 cents per lb.) nor of the superior forms in Peruvian Guano.

For full analyses of the Mapes Manures referred to see ad. in Rural New-Yorker of last week, page 220.

Large Profits on Varied Soils Without Farm Manure

Fruit, Truck and Special Crop Growing on a Large Scale

In many cases some of these soils are of the lightest sandy cnaracter. Some in Florida have
been described as “looking under a pocket magnifier like powdered window glass. They
have little plant food resources of their own. All has to be supplied in the fertilizer.

“WITH JUDICIOUS USE OF THE MAPES MANURES , WORN-OUT LUNDS CAN BE RESTORED TO FERTILITY QUICKER AND
WITH LESS EXPENSE THAN IN ANY OTHER WAY.” — American Agriculturist.

Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing of Celery (over $1 1.500, 31 acres); also on Strawberries, Truck, Small Fruit ; Tobacco on Varied
Soils; Fertilizer Farming Up-to-Date (general farm crops); Oranges and All Tropical Fruits in Florida ; Top-Dressing of Lawns, Golf Links, Parks with the
“Mapes Top Dresser Improved” (ammonia 12 per cent., phosphoric acid 8 per cent., potash 4 per cent). The highest grade, the most soluble and quick acting of

any made, fine, dry and free from odor. _

IN SENDING FOR PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED.

The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co.

Street, New Yorli

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
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0. W. INGERSOLL, 340 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

35to 30 per cent commission

to £et orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
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with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

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THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW

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385 Broadway. New York City

Let us
tell you
about

An Automatic Pump

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Used and endorsed by the U. S. Govern¬
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CHESTER. PA.

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m BUCKEYE A

No. 169 Improved
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A farmer’s fortune is often wasted because he buys cheap and poorly made farm
implements— tools that won’t do the work claimed for them. It doesn’t pay the
individual farmer to try experiments. Practical farmers have found this to be true
and they now hold fast to a reliable line—
and such a line is the Buckeye.

The No. 109 Improved Easy Buckeye
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features not found on other cultivators.

It does close, sure, accurate work, and can
be ad j usted to either wide or narrow rows.

The working parts are all simple, it’s light
in draft, strongly built and most practical
in operation. Drop hitch directly con¬
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line of Buckeye implements at your
dealer’s, or write for full information and
catalogue.

P. P. MAST ft CO.. 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

Mrs-

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No wet, no mold, no rot under AMATITE.

It’s made to keep things dry and tight, and does
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70 India Street,

Boston, Maas.

To Introduce

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A simple, compact, easily handled tool-
plants corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
beet, turnip or onion seed, with or without
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Hot a Hew Planter, but New to Some People.

In sections where The Former’s Friend is not used
we will sell a lew machines direct to users at
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made. Full information and prices sent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

Vol. LaIV No. 2878.

THE SPENCER SEEDLESS APPLE.

A Plain Story of the Fruit.

Some weeks ago we printed opinions from various
men who are recognized as fruit authorities regarding
the Spencer Seedless apple. At that time only one of
the writers, Prof. L. R. Taft, had actually seen the apple,
and we tried to make this fact clear. The R. N.-Y. can¬
not afford to be unfair or unjust to any man who is
attempting to introduce a new fruit or any novelty in
merchandise, and so we were glad to examine samples
of the new apple.

bor a time after the publication of our former notes
little was seen hi the papers about the fruit. Then the
newspapers began to print stories about it. Most of
these were in the nature of news items giving accounts
of the “wonderful new fruit,” with enthusiastic stories
about its great future. 1 he Scientific American dis¬
cussed it at some length — just as if dozens of farmers
during the past 50 years have not found such apples
growing in fence corners and on roadsides! Later such
notes as the following were brought to our attention :

Representing the Spencer Seedless Apple Co., J. I. McDon¬
ald, the assistant manager of the company, came to* Franklin
County on Wednesday for the purpose of taking the initia¬
tive in interesting the farmers of this section. It was Mr.
McDonald's purpose to look up a site for a nursery. It is
not improbable that a meeting of agriculturists will be held
in a short time to take up the matter of raising the apple.
This apple, it may be said, has come like the seedless
orange, and like the orange it promises to monopolize the
markets of the world. — Chambersburg (Pa.) Spirit.

It would appear from this that the company in¬
tends to follow the plan so popular with creamery
and cannery promoters — that is, organize stock com
panies for the propagation of Seedless apple trees.
Another report comes from Virginia :

Within a few days a deal will he closed by the Spencer
Seedless Apple Company for a farm of about 100 acres,
near Winchester, on 10 acres
of which 150.000 trees from
southern Michigan, Indiana
and northern Ohio will he
planted at once. And within
four years, if promises of the
management hold good, “there
ain't going to be no core,” and
the seedless apple will take
its place with the pitless plum
and navel orange. This com¬
pany will not put apples on (he
market. Its purpose is to only
sell trees, and after the first
crop is out the seedless apple
will be common property, as
there will he nothing to pre¬
vent those who buy trees now
from selling either trees or
buds, as they please. It is
understood that a number
of Winchester and Frederick
County men have bought stock
in the new company. — Mar-
tinsburg (W. Va.) World.

About the middle of Feb¬
ruary we received a call
from Mr. W. C. Scheu, the
general manager of the
Seedless Apple Company.

He produced several speci¬
mens of his apple, which
he said were “not so good as they were three
months ago,” and cut one open to show that
there ain t no core.’’ A photograph of this apple
just as Mr. Scheu cut it is shown at Fig. 103.
Beside it is a good picture of an entire apple — exact
size. Mr. Scheu found fault because The R. N.-Y. had
abused the apple. We handed him a file of the paper,
and asked him to point out the abuse or injustice. He
finally found a line in which we alluded to “a so-called
seedless apple. In answer we split open the very apple
he presented as a fair specimen and found the seed
pictured at Fig. 102 ! He then said that a few of the

NEW YORK, MARCH 25, 1905.

apples did have one or more seeds. We now under¬
stand that perhaps 10 per cent of the apples show seeds
or indications of them— some located at the top of the
fruit as shown in the picture.

As to the quality of the “seedless apple,” Mr. Scheu
cut slices for several people, who all pronounced it in¬
ferior, ranking with Ben Davis in flavor. We hap¬
pened to have a basket of Palmer Greening on hand, and

SPENCER “SEEDLESS” APPLE WITH A SEED. Fig. 102.

asked Mr. Scheu to sample one in connection with
his own .fruit. He was then asked this question :

After tasting these two apples, what argument can
you give as to why a man should plant your trees in
preference to Palmer Greening, Baldwin, Northern Spy
or other proved varieties? Why should a man pay one
dollar or more for a tree of this inferior fruit, when

THE SPENCER SEEDLESS APPLE, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 103.

trees of good apples can be bought for 20 cents or
less?”

A fair synopsis of his answer follows :

“ I his is the best evaporating apple because the core
is small. It contains 25 per cent more ‘meat’ or flesh
than any seeded apples. It is a good keeper. It is a
‘novelty.’ By means of this fruit and the knowledge
our company possesses we shall be able to produce
‘seedless’ strains of all the finer varieties now in culti¬
vation !”

We are quite willing to leave such statements with
our readers. Our object is to give the facts, but we

?1 PER YEAR.

cannot conceive how anyone who knows the taste of
a good apple could be induced to buy more than one
specimen of the “seedless” in any market where other
apples are sold. The following statement by Dr. Van
Fleet is fair and conservative :

The Spencer Seedless Apple.

As will be seen in Fig. 102, a single seed was
found in one specimen in an extra or adventitious core
near the blossom end of the fruit. The others were
entirely free from seeds, though the usual woody car¬
pels or core divisions, as shown in the sectional views,
were not only present, but strongly developed. The
apples are rather small in size, round and smooth in
form, dull red in color, with many light dots. The
calyx is very large and open, and the basin is wide
and deep, extending almost to the core. The flesh is
white and firm, quality very ordinary; about on a par
with Limber Twig, and scarcely as good as Ben Davis.
The claim made by the promoters that the Spencer
Seedless apple contains 25 per cent more apple sub¬
stance than other varieties of the same size is scarcely
borne out in the specimens examined, as the substance
lost by the large open calyx basin would quite offset
any gain in the spaces normally occupied by seeds.

A pome or apple-like fruit is, botanically, the en¬
larged and softened flower stem overgrowing the ovary
or true fruit, made up of woody or bony carpels (core¬
plates) and seeds. In the Spencer and other seedless
apples the seeds alone are absent, but the objectionable
core is present as usual. Unless the seedless variety
should possess in addition unusual good quality or
other valuable attributes it is not easy to see why it
should be particularly desirable except as a curiosity.
We are told the Spencer apple promoters expect to
develop seedless varieties of commercial apples, such as
Winesap, Jonathan, Bellflower and Gano. This can

only be done by the usual
breeding methods of cross-
pollenization and careful
selection of succeeding gen¬
erations. While it is with¬
in the range of possibility
that seedless varieties re¬
sembling to some extent
our present successful com¬
mercial apples may in time
be secured such result is
most uncertain, and likely
to require Indefinite time.

After this statement of
the facts we can have no
objection if readers de¬
cide to buy the seedless
apple trees and plant them.
They must decide for them¬
selves whether this “nov¬
elty” is novel enough to be
worth five times as much as
a tree of known good qual¬
ity. If, however, the Spen¬
cer Company intends to
operate on the plan fol¬
lowed by creamery and can¬
nery sharks we do not hesitate to advise our readers
against entering such enterprises. There is nothing in
sight to warrant the claim that this apple is to “monop¬
olize the markets of the world.” Who would believe
such a claim if made for the Kieffer pear? Yet Kieffer
is as likely to drive Bartlett, Bose, Clapp and the other
good ones out of business as this seedless apple is to
dispose of Baldwin, Northern Spy or other standard
sorts. We would not join a stock company for the
propagation of this fruit. The apple is not high
enough in quality to make any impression in the market
and it cannot live on the “noveby” feature alone.

246

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 25,

CRUDE PETROLEUM VS. SAN LOSE SCALE.

A well-known author and gardener is giving his ex¬
perience with the use of petroleum in spraying, and
strongly recommends it as the best insecticide for over¬
coming the San Jose scale. He has used it two or
three times with success, and in reply to instances
which have been cited of its injurious effects on trees,
says that if he knew all the circumstances he could
probably show that damage caused by its use was ow¬
ing to faulty application or t some other avoidable
cause. With the knowledge I have of the instances
where it has proved injurious to trees on which it was
applied, and from numerous other instances given in
the agricultural press, I am thinking that if he were
to investigate them all he would have a big job on
hand. If we admit that it is possible for the average
fruit grower always to get just the right kind of pe¬
troleum for insecticide purposes, which matter, how¬
ever, is not beyond question, it still remains that cor¬
rectly to estimate its practicability as an insecticide, we
must take average conditions of use, and not how it
performs on some particular case when a specialist is
using more than ordinary care, and has at his command
the most approved machinery, The general farmer is
demanding something to save his fruit orchards from
the dreaded scale and does not like to be told to use
something which his neighbor, similarly situated, has
used with the result that his trees were killed more
quickly than scale could ever do it. I have heard dozens
say that they might as well let the scale eat up their
orchards as to kill them with some spraying application.

This county, Hunterdon, N. J., has been known as one
of the leading peach growing sections of the country,
but the scale is rapidly crippling the industry. Our
peach growers were among the first to use crude petro¬
leum extensively. Carloads were shipped in, and hun¬
dreds of orchards were sprayed with it. 1 will not say
that it invariably proved damaging to the trees, but, on
the whole, its effects were more disastrous than the
insect which was sought to be destroyed. Many felt
encouraged with its use for the first or second year,
but few orchards could withstand more than three appli¬
cations of it. Lime, sulphur and salt is now being used
more than anything else. It is coming to be generally
realized that no one application a year of anything is
sufficient to eradicate this pernicious pest. The use of
an insecticide not injurious to foliage, and applied two
or three times during the breeding season, is now
thought to be necessary in a successful fight against the
enemy. g. davis.

New Jersey.

POKING POWDERS INTO TREES .

Every year farmers are visited by “agents” who
claim to be able to cure diseases or kill insects on
trees by boring a hole in the trunk and pouring in a
powder or liquid. We have repeatedly advised far¬
mers not to play with such “remedies,” have been met
with the question — what harm will it do, anyway?
We are now glad to give the following statement by
Fred R. Maskew in The California Cultivator. It
seems that a Mr. Stewart, representing what is known
as the “Owens Process,” came before the Apple Grow¬
ers of Los Angeles Co., Cal., and made great claims
for his “remedy.” Later Mr. Stewart came to Mr.
Maskew’s orchard and operated on two trees. This
excellent report gives the result.

“A White Winter Pearmain tree, 12 years old, was
selected. This tree had borne many large crops of
fine fruit in the past. At the time of the treatment
no insect pests of any kind excepting hibernating larvae
of the Codling moth were found upon this tree. Dur¬
ing the season of 1903 this tree had shown evidence of
disease, and the object of the treatment in this par¬
ticular case was to test its value as a cure for dis¬
eases. A Yellow Bellflower tree, eight years old, was
selected as a second test. This tree was normal in
health, so far as I could judge, but was infested with
a few San Jose scale. The test in this instance was
to prove the effect of the “Process” upon scale in¬
sects. The method of treatment — at least in this
instance — was very simple. Taking an augur with
an inch bit fitted into it, Mr. Stewart bored a hole
into the body of the tree about one foot above the
surface of the ground; taking a metal cylinder, he
partly filled it with a dark-colored powder, and in¬
serted the cylinder into the hole bored in the tree
trunk; then, with a wooden rammer, which fitted the
cylinder, he forced the powder into the hole as he
withdrew the cylinder. A wooden plug was then
produced neatly turned to fit the hole; this was driven
in, the end of the plug and the bark surrounding it
painted, and — that was all. Nature would do the rest.
I was so impressed with the simplicity of the “Proc¬
ess,” and Mr. Stewart’s sublime faith in Nature, 'that
I drew the line at two trees.

“These trees were so situated that I passed them
every day. No change was apparent until the latter
part of May. At that time the Pearmain tree developed
the disease with which it had been affected during

the previous season, in a very aggravated form. The
leaves dried up at the points and edges first ;t and in
a few days the entire foliage succumbed and fell to
the ground. The tree made a feeble attempt to put
out a new growth, but failed. What little fruit set,
remained upon the tree, but did not develop. In the

DOING BUSINESS WITH POULTRY. Fig. 104.

case of the Bellflower tree, the San Jose scale devel¬
oped and increased at such an alarming rate that I
destroyed the tree the first of June.

“On December 16, 1904, I cut down the Pearmain
tree and sawed out a section containing the part that
had been treated by Mr. Stewart. The cross-section
showed the tree to have been seriously affected by the
act of boring into it. To the extent to which the
hole had been bored the body of the tree was ap¬
parently dying, the line of demarkation between the
healthy and affected tissue being very distinct. Im¬
mediately above and below the augur hole the wood
was dead and dry. On December 17 at the meeting
of the apple growers and in the presence of the mem¬
bers, this section was carefully split open, and the
dark-colored powder was found in the augur hole in
apparently the same quantity and condition' as when
put there by Mr. Stewart in January, 1904. The hole
was found to be about four inches deep, and the plug
had been driven in one inch and a half, thus passing
into the heart wood and shutting off any connection
whatever with such parts as the sap might circulate
through. In so far as the apple trees of Los, Angeles
County are concerned, the “Owens Process” has proven
a failure, and in the case of this particular tree, the
consensus of opinion of those who witnessed the
dissection and saw the effects, the “Process” was not
only worthless, it was evidently injurious.”

PROFITABLE TRUCKING ON SMALL FARM .

Fig. 105 shows the buildings on a small truck farm,
located in Burlington County, where during the season
of 1904 it was possible to derive a profit of $100 per
acre from this small piece of ground of less than 10
acres. This may seem interesting to the general class
of truckers, who are situated on large farms, where
much less profits are realized, and a partial explanation

A TRUCK FARMER’S HOMESTEAD. Fig. 105.

of such success is necessary. To begin with, the basis
of all the crops was well-tilled ground, with a very
liberal supply of well-rotted stable manure, but little
commercial fertilizer being used. The crops raised on
this place were few in number, in the following rota¬
tion : Early peas, second early peas, peppers, Lima beans,
string beans and late tomatoes. No early tomatoes
were raised. The labor performed on this place, with
the exception of the beans which were picked by pick¬
ers, was done by the owner and one additional farm

hand employed during the commencement of the sea¬
son, in helping to get the ground in condition and keep¬
ing the crops free of weeds. Two horses, one cow, six
pigs and about 50 chickens were kept on this place in
the stock line. In Winter the ground is down in rye,
which is used partly for cow pasture, and the remaincer
for humus for the next year’s crops. The secret of this
man’s success was in the marketing of the crops after
they were grown. This is a very important feature of
the trucking business. The custom of hogging up truck
is a bygone paying business. There was a time when
topping out packages of inferior quality with fancy
quality went to a certain extent, but that time has since
passed. Good quality all the way through is necessary to
secure the best price, and in this particular case the good
was marketed and the cull stuff was fed to the pigs;
especial care was taken with the packing of each crop, so
that in looking through the packages uniformity was
in evidence, and in consequence the mark sold, when
other marks of inferior quality were held over. As
an illustration: Tomatoes sold readily from this farm
for 60 cents per package, when other nearby farmers
were glad to get 10 cents per package for theirs. When
a package of tomatoes was taken from this farm, they
were tomatoes, not odds and ends suitable for hog feed,
or the catsup tub. The entire output from this farm
was sent to the New York market, and after all ex¬
penses were deducted, the year’s work netted a trifle
over $100 per acre. L. A. p.

Palmyra, N. J.

AN OREGON GLASSHOUSE.

On page 167 Dexter Field, of Oregon, made the
following statement :

During 1904 I sold 12,000 lettuce at five cents; 100,000
early cabbage plants at $5 per 1,000; 35,000 tomato plants
at $10 per 1,000, and 6,250 cucumbers for $225, beside a few
thousand cauliflower and celery plants. I have no heat ex¬
cept from the sun.

Some of our readers have asked how this was done,
and Mr. Field gives the following information :

“A portion of my garden, 60 by 150 feet, is covered
with glass ; it has no heat except what the sun fur¬
nishes. The outside beds are seven feet wide; four
paths run lengthwise each two feet wide; the re¬
mainder is divided into three beds, each about 13 feet
wide. Water pipes are placed with faucets by the
side of each path, so I can water any part of the house
by the use of 25 feet of hose. I have used the house
15 years, and never have changed the soil, but put on
a heavy coating of fine manure every year. I commence
sowing cabbage seed about October 1. After getting
the seed bed in a fine condition I mark it off in rows
three inches apart and one-half inch deep; then sow
the seed quite thickly, treading it all down with my
feet. This is all the covering I give it. I keep it wat¬
ered and do not allow the surface to become dry. In
from three to four weeks the plants are large enough to
transplant, when I prick them out or transplant them
about ll/2 inch apart each way, or a part of the time
I set my lettuce in rows 12 inches anart and eight
inches in the row. If the cabbage plants are ready
at the time I set the lettuce, I set two rows of cabbage
plants between every two rows of lettuce, putting the
rows of cabbage two inches apart and the plants one
inch apart in the row. This brings it November 1.
In about four weeks the plants are large enough to set
out in the field. The demand is not very much in the
Fall, so most who get them take them from the beds
and set them in the field to stand through the Winter
and mature in May. I make new sowings of seed as
often as I want the plants to get to the size for setting
out ; those I sowed December 1 are ready in February ;
those I sow February 1 are ready the latter part
of March.

“About March 1 I commence putting the plants in the
market for sale. I have boxes 2*4 inches deep, 10 inches
long and nine inches wide; these I fill with dirt. I
put 112 plants in a box; as I take them from the beds
I put them in bunches of 28 each, then put four bunches
in a box. I use a mason’s trowel, it being the best tool
I have ever tried. I commence about an inch from
one end and cut down to the bottom of the
box, and take out enough of the dirt so I can put
a bunch of the plants in the row so they stand upright
and the roots near the bottom ; then fill up the row
with dirt and press it down so it holds the plants well,
then put in another row two or three inches from the
first one, and then another till the four rows, or the
112 plants are all in the box; when filled the plants
fill the whole box. I then give it a good wetting and
set it aside. In a few hours the plants are standing
upright, and if properly cared for will stand in the
box for several days and keep in good condition. I
sometimes put the plants in the market the same day
I put them in the boxes, but generally I let them stand
one day before taking them away. The seed merchants
and grocerymen sell for me. I take the boxes of
plants to their stores once a week or oftener when there
is a brisk demand, leaving as many boxes as I think
they will sell. The next time I go there with plants I
take away any that are injured so they are not salable,
keeping only good and fresh plants on sale. I take all
the losses from any cause where the merchant is not
to blame, and allow the merchant 15 per cent commis¬
sion on what he sells. I put 112 plants of cabbage,
cauliflower or celery in a box, 56 tomato plants in a
box and sell at a uniform price of 50 cents a box.. I
have read quite a number of books on gardening
and plant raising, and have a good many volumes of
The R. N.-Y. and other agricultural papers, and learned
all I could from them, and yet the most I have had
to learn by experience. I have been raising plants for
the market ever since 1875, and am learning something
new about the business every year,”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

247

renting the
m. j. p.

NOTES ON THE FARM LABOR PROBLEM.

Country and Town Compared.

We find it very difficult to obtain good farm hands.
Some of the help are persons looking for a job, through
the country. They do not stay long, as a rule, and are
not satisfactory, but occasionally one comes along who
earns his wages. Most of the help comes from boys
yet in their teens. The majority are inexperienced and
indifferent, but it is almost necessary to have them or
none, during the rush of the season. Many come from
the towns near by. Country life seems too tame for
most of the hands. Nights they want to congregate,
visit with their opposite sex, attend dances, band con¬
certs, parade the streets, or go driving. Many require
a horse and rig to be kept in addition to
their high wages, board, lodging and
washing. I think that if the hours of la¬
bor, including chores, were reduced to 10,
many would be better satisfied; but insist
on good, honest, steady work while in
the field. Take more interest in the
moral welfare of the help. Induce them
to spend most of their evenings at your
home, by providing entertainment, good
reading, etc. Explain the wliys and
wherefores in their work. Get them in¬
terested and I believe it will go a long
way toward inducing more good help to
come to the farmer for employment.

Wages range from $20 to $25 per month,
but arc too high. The average farmer
cannot afford to pay so much and run
his chances with the weather, insects, fun¬
gous diseases of plants and contagious
diseases of animals. On the other hand,
it really means as good or better than $45
in the city, after deducting car fare,
board, lodging, washing, laundry, and in¬
cidentals, the latter of which are many.

Many farmers here are exchanging work,
buying improved labor-saving machinery,
fields out, and some have tenant houses.

Sandusky Co., Ohio.

In our county I find the trouble is mostly with the
farmers themselves, preferring to hire three or four
cheap hands rather than one good man who could han¬
dle the entire business. I can say for myself that I
find it difficult to obtain a good permanent position on
a dairy farm, and yet I have had years of experience
in caring for stock, butter making, etc. When farmers
will recognize skilled labor, and realize one good com¬
petent man is worth a dozen poor ones, then in my
opinion the help problem is nearly solved. Our
young men then will have something to encourage them
to work on farms. But as it is now the cheapest man
gets the job; then the farmer is dissatis¬
fied and says he cannot get good help.

Let him go to work the right way and he
will find the right man. j. M. c.

Hemlock Hollow, Pa.

It would be impossible to hire a man
to work on a farm by the month here.

This is not much of a farming town.

Fish factory and stone cutting are the
principal business done in the south part
of the town. The work is mostly done
by foreigners ; Maine rocks are in
every city. The north part of the town
has some quite good farms, and it has al¬
most all been bought by Russian Finns ;
the women ‘folks do most of the work.

If a man is lucky enough to own a pair of
educated horses and plenty of tools, that
is all the farm help I know of that he
can depend on. M. M.

Glenmore, Me.

We find it difficult to get good help on
the farm. We secure our help from
neighbors, who are blessed with a large
family of boys and few acres of land.

I do not know of any help on the farms
here without parents or friends within a
few miles of where they are at work. I
don’t know that men object so much to
farm work, as there are a number of men
living in a small village near by who work on farms
from one to three miles out, but they seem to want the
company and excitement that they find in town after
their day’s work is done. As to wages, they of course
vary, but about $20 to $22 per month for a season of
seven or eight months are the average wages; this in¬
cludes board and washing; wages by the day in haying
and harvesting are from $1.50 to $2, and there seems
to be no difference in wages between the competent
and the incompetent man, but the incompetent man
has more leisure time, as the farmer dispenses with his
services as soon as possible. As to a profit for the
average man at these wages, it is a minus quantity. I
know of no branch of farming except dairying where
a man has tested and culled his cows for a number

of years that will pay a profit at these wages. The
farmers in these parts are planning to get .along with
less help. Some are renting their farms, others are
purchasing labor-saving machinery, so that you will
often see a man with a small family of boys and girls
from 10 to 16 years of age doing the work on quite a
large farm and hiring very little help. c. f. w.

Richmond, Mich.

The two articles on the farm labor problem on page
115 prompt me to give some observations that I have
made in the last three years. I have lived on the
farm, and been the “hired man,” and so I can speak
from experience. From the beginning of 1888 to the
close of 1893 I worked for different farmers, and I

BOILING LIME AND SULPHUR IN A CONNECTICUT PEACH ORCHARD.

Fig. 106.

know what they require in a hired man. I was always
treated as one of the family, and a young man must in
the first place be respectable, temperate and not afraid
of work, and of course must not stand on “hours.”
Here in the city a young man, if hq works in a fac¬
tory, works 10 hours; if a clerk in a store, 12 hours
and 15 on Saturday, and on the trolley anywhere from
2 to 20 hours per day. Let a young man take a pen¬
cil and paper, and sit down and figure the difference
between the city and country. In the first place, put
down what w'ages he can get in the country. No doubt
$20 per month for nine months and $12 per month for
the remaining three months, which will be $216 clear
money. No board bills, no laundry, and no car fare.
Now what will he get in the city? Well, he may get

A LEAFY RESTING PLACE. Fig. 107.

$10 per week, likely less, and very seldom more. Fifty-
two weeks at $10 per week is $520. Against that is
board, $5 per week ; laundry , 40 cents and car fare
50 cents, which make $5.90 per week, or $306 per year,
and then allow $40 for the extra dressing required in
the city and the difference is over $40 in favor of
the country. And then he does not have the tempta¬
tions or the thousand and one ways of spending his
money in the country. I have lived and worked in
both places, and I say stay on the farm, and make
the most of yourself and your opportunities, and you
will be more respected by your neighbors, and always
have something for a “rainy day.” The country offers
'opportunities for the worker that are lacking in the city.

East Orange, N. J. o.

Yes, we find it difficult to get farm hands of any kind.
Hands in this section are mostly nearby farmers’ boys.
Men get more money working on railroad and public
works than farmers can afford to pay. Wages range
from $18 to $25 per month, board and washing in¬
cluded. We would suggest that farmers farm fewer
acres and farm the land better, thus producing just as
much, and with less labor. a. w.

Montpelier, Ohio.

A TALK ABOUT IRON AND STEEL

Modern Systems of Manufacture.

In a recent article in The R. N.-Y. on fence wire,

I spoke of the galvanic action of our modern fence
wire. Perhaps it will be well to consider
this matter more in detail. Cast iron
contains from four to to five per cent of
impurities, as carbon, sulphur, phosphorus
and silicate. The best wrought iron is
practically pure. Our old wire, sheet iron,
tin plate, etc., was made from this
wrought iron. The best grades of this
iron were made with charcoal, such as
Russian, Norway and Swedish, the best
in the world. These were manufactured
by puddling and forging the different
grades of pig iron until the impurities
were worked out. The Bessemer steel,
of which all our fence wire,- most of our
sheet iron, tin plate, etc., are made to¬
day is manufactured by melting the pig
iron; while in a liquid' state all impuri¬
ties are burned out, and a certain per
cent of free carbon is incorporated in'
this iron as follows : No. 1. Extra soft, 0.35
per cent carbon, for wire, sheets, plates,
etc. No. 2. Soft, 0.45 per cent carbon,
for tires, rails, etc. No. 3. Flard, 0.55 per
cent carbon, articles subject to friction.
No. 3. Extra hard, 0.65 per cent carbon,
for springs, tools, etc. With no free carbon we
have pure iron or decarbonized steel. We think
right here is where the trouble lies; it is this free
carbon. If this certain per cent of original carbon could
be left in the steel in place of introducing the free car¬
bon, possibly this would improve it, but it has been
tried and has failed, for there is no known way of
gauging the right per cent of carbon. Then here is
the question: Why not make fence wire of this pure
iron or decarbonized steel? We know that this wire
would not be as tough or have the tensile strength of
steel wire, but it would answer the purpose quite well.
The wire cables in the original suspension bridge at
Niagara were made of this wire in 1848. A few years
ago these cables were taken down and replaced with
steel. The old wire was in a good state
of preservation, except being hard and
brittle, and steel wire will harden with age.

I know from practical experience that ■
the old iron roofing and Bessemer steel
roofing, both the same grades, were placed
side by side, with exactly the same con¬
ditions ; the steel roofing lasted only
one-third as long as the sheet iron. One
has no carbon, the other has 0.35 per
cent of free carbon. Both roofs were
painted alike. The iron was put on 22
years ago and the steel was added to it
seven years ago. The steel has been
completely rusted out at the eaves ; the
iron is fairly good as yet.

Our old galvanized wire had all the
zinc it would carry; our modern wire
has all the zinc it will carry if you buy
it that way, but the commercial galvan¬
ized wire has nearly all the zinc drawn
or wiped off, and then the carbon wire
is soon rusted out. For the last few
years in this country, the sheet metal
workers have brought such a pressure to
bear on the manufacturers of sheet metal,
for the old charcoal sheets, that at pres¬
ent there are a number of manufacturers
making guaranteed charcoal iron, tin,
sheet iron and galvanized iron that we
can get any amount required. This costs about
one-sixth more than Bessemer steel. Old reliable
parties guarantee tin roofing to last 15 years; this
is charcoal iron. It would seem that the pure iron or
decarbonized steel would be satisfactory, but we can
make no mistake in demanding charcoal iron wire with
double A galvanizing. Our telephone companies are
well aware of this; for some lines they specify double
A galvanized iron wire, as in the cities, where the
atmosphere is surcharged with gases and coal smoke.
I have an idea that our present charcoal iron is made
from this pure iron or decarbonized steel ; if so it is
all right apparently, for they do not hesitate to guar¬
antee and give bonds that sheets will last 15 years.

Michigan. f. j. bailey.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25.

248

TRIMMING LOW-HEADED APPLE
TRtES.

How Mr. Vergon Does It.

When To Do It. — Everything consid¬
ered, I believe March and April the best
seasons of the year to trim trees, although
we trim all Winter, but leave the younger
sections of the orchard to trim last. If
I were to plant an orchard I would select
trees that are well balanced, roots and
tops, even if the cost was a penny or two
more per tree. The roots should be as
even as possible around the base of the
tree, not side rooted ; a tree thus rooted
is not likely to be blown out of position
if well planted. The top should be head¬
ed not higher than two and one-half to
three feet. The stem should be straight
and the branches some distances apart —
not opposite each other. This can be
helped with the knife if you have the
right kind of trees. If forked take off the
least one, cut back the former year’s
growth about one-half, and all mutilated
roots sloped up from the under side. A
tree with all the branches in a clump at
the top, even if it be low enough, is very
objectionable; you cannot separate them
with the knife, and it is quite impossible
for them to knit together so as to make
as strong a tree as otherwise. In this
case, after the limbs become four to six
inches in diameter, they are so pressed to¬
gether at the base and weakened by ex¬
pansion from hard freezing that often an
incipient crack is caused, and by storm or
when the tree is heavily laden with fruit
it splits down and is ruined. These small
cracks are indicated where they exist by
the water running down ; it comes in
contact with the wood and colors ,a
streak down the body of the tree rust
color. An iron cable should be then
placed up in the tree, which I shall ex¬
plain later on. Trees should be trimmed
but little for a few years after planting;
water sprouts or chafing branches should
be removed. A fullness on the inside
of small branches and twigs helps to force
out lateral growth, and the branches
grow more stocky. If all this little stuff
is cut out it encourages an upright, slen¬
der growth.

Alteration With Growth. — It must
be remembered that you cannot trim at
one time for years hence — it must be
done as evolution of the tree takes place.
It is a hard thing for me to show on
paper. Your best judgment should be
taxed all the time. Some thinning must
be done before the trees come into bear¬
ing, and not too much ; some varieties
need more than others. Be very careful
not to remove limbs that should form a
part of the skeleton of the tree, which
should be evenly distributed around its
circumference. At this age the growth or
limbs are mostly upright, and apt to look
too dense, but now the trees are coming
into bearing — see how Nature helps us
out. Each crop bends the branches down,
often at right angles, and even rainbow
fashion if too heavily laden ; they never
get entirely back to their former upright
position. The tendency is the reverse
with succeeding crops. In fact, the tips
of the branches of my trees rest on the
mulch at harvest time. It is apparent
now that the tops of the trees have
opened up, covering a much greater area,
by the spreading out of the branches, ad¬
mitting sunshine and air into the trees.
If the work has been well done we have
a typical tree in sight, more especially
adapted for the “grass mulch” system, as
cultivation cannot be done under such
low-headed trees.

Thinning Small Branches. — Water
sprouts should be removed annually, and
the branches thinned out semi-annually,
or as the case may require. None but
experienced men should be employed, un¬
less you can be at their heels all the time.
Some remove all the . urs and small
branches from the inside of the trees and
on the base of the limbs, thinking they
are doing a good, clean job, and it is
quite wrong. Nature provides the small
branches and spurs for protection and

fruit; if removed the tree will be full of
water sprouts the following year to make
renaration. It should be remembered that
apples do not grow on the previous year’s
wood, as peaches do, or quinces, that fruit
only on the tips of small twigs that grow
each spring before the bloom appears.
We are at work now on trees of some
age; the limbs have been borne down,
some in contact with each other, and must
be thinned out for best results. Almost
invariably it is best to remove branches
from the underside of the large limbs,
out as far as necessary; the wound will
heal over better, and it is always dan¬
gerous to remove branches from the top
side of large limbs. If it breaks down
it will almost invariably be where branches
were removed. f. p. vergon.

Barnyard Grass in the South.

II. L. IV., Pulaski , Va. — I wish to ask
some of your readers who have had experi¬
ence with it, what are the merits of Barn¬
yard grass or Japanese millet as a hay
plant? Comparing it with German millet,
what is its yield in tons of dried forage per
acre? What is the quality in fineness of
stalk and palatability to stock of the prod¬
uct? Does it have the same effect on the
kidneys of horses as German millet Is said
to have? Is it easy to cure into hay?

The Barnyard or Japanese millet is
a coarse forage plant inferior to German
millet as a hay producer so far as qual¬
ity is concerned, but less liable to be in¬
jured by vicissitudes of weather, and
yielding more than the millet- German
millet has no injurious effect upon horses
unless seed are allowed to mature. If
cut in the flower as other hay grasses are,
there will be no injury. The injury re¬
sults from the animal swallowing the
seeds without being masticated. These
seeds, moistened by the warmth of the
stomach, swell and cause irritation in the
alimentary canal. The seed of the Japa¬
nese millet would produce a similar ef¬
fect if allowed to ripen. Further, if the
seeds are. allowed to ripen, the quality of
the hay is seriously impaired.

S. C. Agr. College. j. s. newman.

We have never made any experiments
here with the Japanese Barnyard grass.
Our native Barnyard grass grows very
rankly on the fertile bottom lands along
the rivers, especially near the Blue Ridge,
and from the stature of the natural
growth there I would assume that it
would make a heavier crop than German
millet, but would probably be harder to
cure because of the succulen«e of the
great stalks it makes- In the absence
of any feeding experiments I can hardly
give an intelligent opinion as to the com¬
parative feeding value of the two grasses.
German millet has been found injurious
to horses only when it has been allowed
to get too ripe. If cut at the proper
stage, when the seed is in the milk state,
it is a fairly good hay, but not equal
to the southern Crab grass, which, if
cut at. the proper stage, is better than
any Timothy hay.. w. F. MASSEY.

N. C. Experiment Station.

ELDORADO OATS, heaviest oat grown; enor¬
mous yielder; two hundred and four bushels have
been grown on one acre. Stiff straw, with long heads,
filled to tip with plump, white oats; : 70 cents bushel.
CHARLES CODNER, Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL

tank and tower

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight and durable.

Our Towers will stand in any storm.

Got our references in your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

THE TOWNSEND

WIRE STRETCHER

is the most easily attached or de¬
tached of any implement made.
Stretches to the last post as well as
to any. Steel grips that never slip.
Can be got at any Hardware store.
Write for circulars. Satisfaction
guaranteed.

F. G. TOWNSEND,
Painted Post, New York.

LOGANBERRIES

Let every fruit-grower plant some Loganber¬
ries. They are proving more productive and
profitable than Blackberries and ripen at a sea¬
son befo-e summer dreuths. Strong, well-
rooted plants, $1.00 per dozen , postpaid.
Write for illustrated circular. Special prices in
quantities.

J B. PILKINGTON, Nurseryman

Portland, Oregon

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES,
SHRUBS, VINES & ROSES,

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descript .ve Catalogue FREE
on request. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, ( ornwall. New York.

Wood’s Seeds.

New Era Cow Peas

are rightly named. They are the
best of Cow Peas, whether for
northern, western or southern
planting. They are early to ma¬
ture, upright in growth, enormous¬
ly productive, both of vines and
peas, and are altogether the most
satisfactory and sure croppers
grown.

We are headquarters for Cow
Peas; had over forty different
varieties in our exhibit at St.
Louis, on which we were awarded

the Grand Prize.

Wood’s Descriptive Catalogue gives
the fullest information about Cow Peas
and all Garden and Farm Seeds. Write
for it and special price list of Farm Seeds.

T.W.Wood&Sons, Seedsmen,

RICHMOND • VIRGINIA.

If you want the sweetest and best Water

Melons and Cantaloupes grown, plant
Wood’s Soutbern-grown seed. Our
Descriptive Catalogue tells all
about the best kinds to plant.

It’s mailed free for the asking.

At ST. LOUIS a GLAND PRIZE
was awarded on Vege tables, the
Products of

Burpee’s Seeds

If you garden you
want THE BEST

and we shall be pleased to mail you

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1905

an elegant vew book of 178 pages,
which tells the plain truth, with
hundreds of illustrations, beautiful
colored plates, and describes Sttperb
Novelties of unusual merit. IVrtte
to-day ! A postal card will do, while
it is sufficient to address simply

Burpee, Philadelphia

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

The World’s Largest Mail - Order Seed Trade

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let¬
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Ouf Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price Lisi.

J. E. HUTTON <fe SON, Conyngham, Pa.

MATIVE EVERGREENS — Balsam Fir, Arbor
’ Vitae, Am. Spruce, 6 to 12 in., $4 per 1,000, 5,000
for $15. White Pine and Hemlock $5 per 1,000, 5,000
for $20. A Iso Fresh Apple Seed, crop of 1904. Write
for Price List. Mrs. JAMES A. ROOT,

Skaneateles, N. Y.

The BEST RASPBERRY

Is Flum Farmer, early, large, enormously
productive. Catalog of raspberry, straw¬
berry and other berry plants free. Write.

L. J. FARMER, PULASKI, NEW YORK

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 2(0.000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK. Hlghtstown, N. J.

What Do You Want

in Fertilizers this year ? Don’t pay agents’ profits
for goods not adapted to your so.l or crops.
Have your Fertilizers Made to Order from best
materials. Special formul s for special crops,
if desired. E. E. BURWEiL, New Haven, Conn.

(Market Gardeners’ Specialist.)

BERRY PLANTS— 23d Annual Catalogue free.
Climax only $2.00 per 1.000. Lucretia Dewberry,
$4 00. Best plants at bottom _prices .

SLAYMAKER & SON. Dover, Del.

DIE A Oats are the heaviest and best yielders I ever
UIU grew, even plump berry. 50c. perbu. in lots of
n ormore; bags free. J. S. Tilton, Norwalk. O.

DEAD FARMS

A dead farm won’t grow alfalfa,
clover, etc. Why is it dead? No nitro¬
gen-gathering germs in the soil. How
can you put them in? Use

y* N1TRO-CULTURE

G t $2.00 worth, sprinkle on seed
before planting It contains germs
that supply plants with nitrogen.
Makes nitrogenous fertilizers unneces¬
sary. Write for cat ~ logne R. N. Means
hundreds of dollars to you.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.
West Chester, Pa.

LONG ISLAND CABBIGE SEED,- Spring,
Summer, Fall, Winter. Catalog and Sample Free.
Four 10c. FRANCIS BRILL, Hempstead, N. Y.

Rahhacrp \PPfl Long Island grown, Succession.
UQUUdgC OGGU Flat J)utchi Early Spring, 75c.
per lb. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. City

ASPARAGUS I RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Asparagus Roots, very strong, one yearold plants;
better and stronger than most two years old; grown
on new land, $5 per 1.000. Rhubarb Victoria,
divided roots, better than seedlings, $5 per 100.
Vegetable Plants, by the millions. Price list
mailed free. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

PEDIGREED PEACH TREES .

New Fruits and Berries— Low Prices.
Everything for the Fruit Grower. Catalog FREE
LINDSLKY'S NURSERIES, Whitehouse, N. J.

Strawberry Plants

CRIMSON CLUSTER

the best late variety, more productive than the
Gandy and the Climax. The leading variety and
50 other varieties. Apply for price list to

D. Rodway, Hartly, Del.

NONE BETTER THAN

FAIRVIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Farm,®
land Patent, N. Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse. Sample
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y.

BUY PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY PLANTS

of the Originator. Send for circular

THOMAS R. HUNT, Lambertville. N. J.

B

EST FRUIT PAPER

for 3 months. Stamps orsilver.
NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER,
St. Joseph, Michigan.

10°

IRISH COBBLER SEED POTATOES $3.00 per
^ barrel. JOHN HERR SHENK, Lancaster, 1’a.

Abington yielded over 300 bu. per acre in matted rows.
Circular free. Lester Blanchard, Abington, Mass.

If You Are Planting

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

tY M . PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY ^TiYt's

PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Irish Gobbler Potatoes choice seed. Fair

price. C. D. JONES, Vermillion, N. Y.

PEACH

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley,Del.

C

AULIFLOWER SEED

KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

DCTITCEC grown especially for SEED. 15
fU I A | UCw varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

100.000 BLACKBERRIES Mersereau, Eldorado, King,

etc. Finest catalog. W. N. Searff, New Carlisle, ft

SPRAYER

IIIIDCT’Q potato &
nuitol O ORCHARD _

Sprays Everything— Trees, Potatoes, Truck, or-
chards and small patches
equally well. Rows, 4 at a
time, 20 acres a day. Even
2-acre growers say: “Pays
itself first season." First
order (where no agent) se¬
cures Wholesale price. Ten
days’ free trial or will take
extra yield one acre as pay.
Write to-day for one freo in
each locality.

H. L. HURST MFG. CO., Dept C, Canton, O.

tw~ “ All kinds ” Sprayers, Barrels, etc., ataboutone-
half if you write at once •

BARGAINS

Complete Surplus List of Fruit Trees

Now ready for immediate shipment. Large stock PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, also CHERRY, PLUM,
QUINCE and SMALL FRUIT PLANTS. Everything FREE FROM SCALE. Warranted true to
name. Safe delivery guaranteed. The PATTERSON NURSURY CO., Stewartstown, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

249

CATALOGUMS

Wm. Perry, Coolspring, Del.— Price list of
strawberry plants ; four pages.

Geo. II. Colvin, Dalton, Pa. — rrice list of
seed potatoes and strawberry plants ; 12

page*.

Ellis E. Burwell, New Haven, Conn. —
Price list of selected vegetable seeds; eight
pages.

M. Butterfield & Son, Lee's Summit, Mo.
— Catalogue of Lee’s Summit Star Nurseries;
10 pages.

Milford Nurseries Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
— Catalogue of fruit aud ornamental trees
and plants; 80 pages; illustrated.

W. W. Whittier & Co., South Framing¬
ham, Mass. — Wholesale price list of ornamen¬
tal trees, shrubs and plants; 14 pages.

L. G. Tuttle, Wallingford, Conn. — “IIow
to Grow Plants." A 10-page booklet de¬
scribing uses of new metallic plant box.

Hugo Beyer, New London, Iowa. — Cata¬
logue of choice seeds, 1(5 pages, with special
offer of Beyer’s new perpetual-bearing black
raspberry.

W. W. Hunt & Co., Hartford, Conn. — Cat¬
alogue of Blue llills Nurseries; 58 pages. A
general collection of fruit and ornamental
trees and plants.

IIari.an P. Kelsey, Boston, Mass. — Whole¬
sale price list of hardy native Rhododen¬
drons, hardy native shrubs and plants; 1(5
pages. A most interesting collection.

Geo. N. Josselyn, Fredonia, N. Y. — Cata¬
logue of grapevines and small fruits; 18
pages. Headquarters for Campbell Early
grape, Josselyn gooseberry and Fay currant.

T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va. — cata¬
logue of farm and garden seeds, 80 pages,
illustrated, colored cover. The selection of
varieties adapted to the Middle Atlantic
States is very full and good.

The Templin Co., Calla, O. — Catalogue of
seeds and ornamental plants; 1(58 pages; il¬
lustrated ; colored cover showing vegetables
and new Begonia Templinil. A very attrac¬
tive booklet with colored plate of Cardinal
strawberry is included.

Ross Bros,, Worcester, Mass.— Catalogue
of seeds and implements; 136 pages; illus¬
trated. One of the largest and best of com¬
bined catalogues. I.ists about everything in
the way of supplies needed by the farmer.

Edward F. Dibble, Iloneoye Falls, N. Y. —
Catalogue of seed potatoes and farm seeds,
1(5 pages. A well-chosen collection with the
Ionia seedling and Early Manistee potatoes
and White Twentieth Century oats all illus¬
trated in color, as specialties.

Stark Bros.’ Nurseries and Orchards
Co., Louisiana, M’o. — Circular with many
folders and inserts, together with an astound¬
ing colored plate of new apples and fruits.
King David is offered as a new red commer¬
cial apple of high quality and great value.

Stephen Hoyt’s Sons, New Canaan, Vt. —
Catalogue of fruit and ornamental trees and
plants; 48 pages; finely printed and illus¬
trated. This is a very handsome publica¬
tion, describing a full collection of the best
fruits and ornamentals in all desirable new
and standard varieties.

J. G. Harrison & Sons, Berlin, Md. — Cata¬
logue of fruit trees and plants; 40 pages, il¬
lustrated. Peaches and strawberries are the
great specialties of this extensive nursery
firm. There Is a splendid collection of varie¬
ties of these favorites and of other fruits. The
Mark Ilanna strawberry and Ray peach are
given great prominence.

Ei.lwanger & Barry, Rochester, N. Y.—
There is little change this year In the mag¬
nificent nursery catalogue Issued by this
widely-known firm. The Ellwanger & Barry
catalogue is everywhere known as a standard
for reference. / supplement contains a very
choice list of novelties and specialties In
fruit and ornamental trees and plants.

Green’s Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y. —
Catalogue of fruit and ornamental trees and
plants; 72 pages, profusely illustrated. A
large collection of new and standard fruits is
listed. The descriptions are very forcible and
elaborate where specialties are concerned.
Among exclusive offerings we note Green's
Improved Baldwin apple. Green’s Tartarian
cherry, Thanksgiving prune and the Chas. A.
Green new white grape. It is a very Inter¬
esting publication.

ANTHRACN0SE ON RASPBERRIES.

One. of .our readers In Illinois has sent us
the following question ; “I would like to hear
from those who have had experience in con¬
trolling anthracnose in raspberries and black¬
berries. Can it be entirely eradicated by per¬
sistent applications of Bordeaux, or Is it best
to destroy plantations and start anew with
unaffected plants?"

I have never tried Bordeaux for it, as
I have never suffered very much from
anthracnose. If its attacks are confined
to old plantations it is best to take them
out and start anew, but not on same
soil. It is worse on the red varieties of
raspberries, and sometimes gets so preva¬

lent in localities as to make it impossible
to grow them for a time.

Mercer Co., N. J. Charles black.

One of the experiment stations carried
an experiment on my place, for two years
spraying with Bordeaux Mixture, but
without any benefit that I could see. I
plowed my patch out. I would take them
out and plant a new patch on new ground.

Ulster Co., N. Y. j. a. hepworth.

Raspberries and blackberries are less
largely grown in this section than for¬
merly. It is doubtful if any persistent
effort has ever been made here to combat
anthracnose with Bordeaux. Eradication
of plants and burning has probably been
the chief remedy in Delaware, e. h. b.

Camden, Del.

I have had no experience in controlling
anthracnose. Black raspberries are raised
quite extensively in this county, but I
don’t think one grower in 20 sprays or
attempts to control anthracnose. If it
gets too thick we destroy the plantations
and set a new patch on new ground. The
Geneva Station says it can be controlled
by several sprayings, but I have not seen
it tried in this vicinity. c. e. clark.

Wayne Co., N. Y.

I have never been seriously troubled
with anthracnose in either raspberries or
blackberries, but occasionally do see a
plant here and there that shows the in¬
fection. I immediately have the plant dug
out and destroyed. I would not think of
trying to eradicate this disease with any
sort of spray, although I do not say that
it could not be done. I do not want any
of the roots of an infected plant on the
place or in the plantation. With stock
as cheap and quickly grown as the rasp¬
berry and blackberry we cannot afford to
spend time trying to “doctor” sickly plants,
so a plantation that has much anthrac¬
nose in it would better be cleared off and
the refuse burned. Then get some good
healthy stock and plant on a fresh piece
of land, using the old plantation for
some other purpose. geo. j. foster.

McLean Co., Ill.

Anthracnose of blackcap raspberries ap¬
peared in a piece of two acres of Kansas
five years ago. The next season there
was but very little of it. Prof. Stewart
saw it both seasons and was surprised
that so little was to be seen the second
season, and as he told me that spraying
did not seem to do much good I did not
spray. This second season I had a very
fine crop. We picked 41 bushels at one
picking, very fine fruit. The next season
the canes were much affected, and the
fruit was inferior, and the following sea¬

son poorer still, and was plowed up. I
set another piece with the plants from
this two years ago, which bore fruit last
year, but neither canes nor fruit was
perfect, and my opinion is that it is poor
policy to hold a bed after anthracnose
makes its appearance or to use plants
from such a piece or replant the same
ground very soon. I have not had any
trouble with blackberries. I would like
to ask whether Kansas is more subject to
anthracnose than other kinds of black¬
caps. WALTER F. TABER.

Dutchess Co., N. Y.

BATHROOM IN A GREENHOUSE.

I send you a drawing, shown in dia¬
gram, of a shower bath we arranged in
our greenhouse plant, where steam is
used. The room is of rough boards,
made tight, and the ground being sand
soaks away the water. There are no
fixtures to keep clean, and anyone can
use it. Each has his own brush and

towels, and all keep clean, as it is such
a pleasure to stand under the sprinkler
and turn on any temperature of water
just by turning the globe valves. The
coil under dressing platform is to warm
the room, and has an air valve in to make
the steam circulate. The floor could be
made of cement with a drain. The cost
of this bath, lumber and fixtures was
about $12. It could be built in a base¬
ment or anywhere where steam is used.

Michigan. _ r. r.

“See that man? Well, sir, he landed in
this country with bare feet and now he’s
got millions.” "Gee whiz ! he must be a
regular centipede.” — Philadelphia Ledger.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

s “o. k. Elevator” Potato Digger

digs more like your own hands than any other machine or device of any description— digs and
cleans potatoes more satisfactorily. The action of the elevator in separating the soil from the
potato is unique— similar to the working of human fingers when sifting dirt through them. The
separation is thorough and quick, and leaves the potatoes in even rows ON TOP OF THE SOIL.
The machine is easy to operate and requires but two horses. Parts are easily removed and re¬
placed. Digger complete weighs but 500 lbs. Price $65. Write us now for full information,
and what users say. „ M . , , , _ .

Reliable agents wanted tn all unoccupied territory to sell this machine

IX Y. Hallocls.

cfc

Sons,

801,

Yorlt,

JENIS FINE SAMPtf J£NT

f ON RECEIPT OF

OCdP

2: lu

3=

3

CO.

THREE RIVERS. MICH.

,4

■f.M

Ha

fM

-•pi

ii

1225 '

LBS

Recent experiments in Hop Culture show that
for each ioo pounds of Nitrate of Soda used per
acre, an increase of 87^ pounds of Hops was
obtained. This being so, no Hop Grower can
afford to be unfamiliar with the use of

Nitrate of Soda

1 THE STANDARD FERTILIZER)

Any Hop Grower who will send his name and
address on Post Card will receive my book,
“ Food for Plants,” giving official reports of ex¬
periments with various fertilizers in varying
quantities.

A Free Offer to Hop Growers

I want fifty Hop Growers to make an experi¬
ment with Nitrate of Soda as a Top Dressing
and will send a small quantity of Nitrate Free,
if they will pay. transportation charges, apply it
as directed and report results to me. The increase
in Hops will more than repay the cost. Write
only on Post Card ,

Wm. S. Myers, Room 148, 12-16 John St., New York

Two

Suits

for

One

Price

Save half your cloth¬
ing money Buy direct
from the mill. Men's
all wool suits $7.50 to
$12.50. All desirable
weaves and patterns.
Finely tailored and fin¬
ished. Suits guaranteed
to give satisfaction.

Buy from the Mill
Save Half

Ladies’

Spring

Dress

Goods

A new idea for women.
Buy your spring dress
goods direct from the
mill at wholesale prices.
All the latest colors
and shades. Panamas,
Broadcloths, Brillian-
tines, Henriettas, Silk-
downs. Catalogue and
samples free. Express
charges paid.

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,
203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

25o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25,

DWARF TREES AND SPRAYING.

While reading the Horticultural Num¬
ber it struck me that perhaps some ex¬
periments which I made in my fight with
San Jose scale might interest some of
your readers, and possibly induce them
to continue these experiments for their
own benefit. First, as to kerosene emul¬
sion in Summer on growing trees, I
found that a stronger solution than us¬
ually recommended did no harm at all.
I used one part of kerosene emulsion to
three parts of water, first June 12, again
July 15, and again August 8, on apple
trees budded on Doucin stock, and on
pear trees on quince roots. I do not
doubt that such trees are more liable’ to
be harmed than trees on their own roots.
In spite of this, however, all the trees
kept their leaves and fruit, and live at
the present time (a year and a half
later). I used, however, the precaution
to have the trees banked up with earth at
their base, and had this earth packed
tightly; if I had not done this the thor¬
ough and by no means gentle drenching
of the mixture might certainly have
harmed the roots, and this is a point
which is, in my opinion, frequently over¬
looked. In my case with Doucin and
ouince roots, keeping near the surface of
the ground, it is probably imperative.
But even trees grafted on seedling stock
are, while young, in a similar condition.
I may add that the same solution (3 parts
of water to one part of kerosene emul¬
sion) proved, with me at least, the best
remedy for aphis on roses, and nearly
all my roses are Tea and Hybrid Tea
roses. It beat tobacco soap, whale-oil

DWARF APPLE ON DOUCIN STOCK.

Fig. 108.

soap and other remedies, and did not in¬
jure even the young rose-shoots.

Here I want to add another peculiar
experience of the past Summer. Two
small two-armed horizontal “cordons” of
pears showed San Jose scale in consid¬
erable numbers. They must have been
overlooked at the usual Winter treat¬
ment. I noticed the trouble with one on
July 2, even the fruit being well covered
with the scale. We sprayed the same
day with above solution. Result: Tree
and pears (Clairgeau) when ripe did not
show a single scale. On second tree
it did not show till July 28, also on fruit;
we sprayed that one immediately, too,
but the scale increased steadily. I think
the reason is that on July 2 they were in
proper condition (weaker and without
their scales). I am now painting all
my trees with this solution : Five pounds
of lime, slaked to about eight gallons of
“lime-milk,” 20 ounces of Milestone, and
10 ounces of liver of sulphur.

Being a champion of form fruit trees,
it is but natural that the remark of Mr.
Van Buren on page 165, “and also believe
that the commercial apple orchards of the
future will be low-headed, pruned and
trained to a dwarfish habit so that they
may easily be treated for this and simi¬
lar pests,” should “tickle me to death.”
I cannot for the life of me, see how
those big, spreading old apple trees can
be successfully sprayed, for successfully
means that there should not be a spot as
large as a dime left unsprayed. It is,
as you well state, a continuous fight year
in, year out. Personally I depend prin¬
cipally upon a Winter treatment, as stat¬
ed above, painting every part of the tree,

trunk, branch, tips, buds. If I see during
the growing season that for some reason
a tree here and there shows scale threat¬
ening to multiply, 1 check them with the
kerosene emulsion. There are woods
around here, also neighbors who do not
spray, and under such conditions, with
birds carrying scale from one tree to an¬
other, we can, with the best of care,
clear our trees for a time only. There
should be a market for fancy fruit, i. e.,
fine in looks and in taste, not insipid, as
the California fruit frequently is. Dwarf
trees in this part of the country should
pay well. It might be the answer to
your query in the same number as to how
one can work in a city and cultivate a
farm with profit at the same time. Fig.
108 shows an apple tree on Doucin stock ;
so-called bush form or irregular pyramid.
Branches begin one foot above the
ground. henry r. wirth.

Rhode Island.

Hen Manure for Strawberries.

J. 8. J., Qreemboro, Ind. — What mixture
should one use with hen manure to apply
on fruiting strawberry beds In the Spring?
The manure is medium dry, under roof. I
have a lot of dry wood ashes. Can they be
used and at what rate per acre should they
be applied ,and how late in the Spring for
best results?

Ans. — The following mixture ought to
be useful for strawberries : 800 pounds
sifted and crushed hen manure, 500 acid
phosphate, 200 muriate of potash, 200
nitrate of soda, and 300 fine-ground bone.
Do not mix wood ashes with the manure.
The lime in the ashes will set free the
ammonia in the manure. For the rea-

QUALITY
Apple Trees

Plant Harrison stock and plant
the best. York Imperial, Ben
Davis, Early Harvest, Baldwin,

all varieties for al I seasons. Give
us your next order and compare
trees with others

The Ray Peach

Choice new kind. Best for mar-
kct. Fresh, delicious, with red
blush. Full, regular bearing. El-

borfa, Chair.. Crawford Lata,

Frances andafl other good vari¬
eties come to perfection in our
climate. Send for free 1905 cata¬
log. You'll plant better trees.

HARRISON'S NURSERIES.

Box 29 Berlin, Md.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting — Advice in selections and
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

100,000 PEACH

Five sizes, 1 foot up, including 20,000 EL-
BKRTA. Price away down.

15,000 JAPAN PLUM

Five sizes, 3 feet up: Abundance, America,
Apple, Bartlett, October Purple, Climax, Chaleo,
Red June, Satsuma and Wickson.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Cold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Niirscrle*,
Drawer 1044— I, Kochenter, N.Y,
Established 18Jfi.

30 APPLE TREES $1

THREE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, naming this Special Offer.
GEO. J. KELLOGG <& SONS, Janesville, Wls.

OTfim'FRUITUSOOK

IT* shows in NATURAL COLORS and
Allr accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Willowdale Nurseries

Wo have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayinan, Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a largo stock of California
Privet and Berberis Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKESTRAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Penna.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and to-day is ahead of all others for profit to
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list. C. G. Veiie & Son,
Marlborough, N. Y., Valley View Fruit Farm.

Save Money on Fruit Plants

Strawberry Plants, $1.75 to $3 ■*

All Kinds of Small Fruit Plants.

Seed Potatoes, $2,50 to $3 bbL

8pecial prices on a quantity.

Satis-actlon Guaranteed. Catalogue Free.

son that the ashes contain lime we would
rather use them on some other crop than
strawberries. _

“I wish you was a good deal smaller,
Mr. Slowleigh.” “Why so, Johnnie?”
“ ’Cause then I could nut you in my corn
popper an’ hold you over a hot fire. Sis
says she’s been waiting for you to pop for
most a year.” — Cleveland Plain-Dealer.

DC APU TDCrC A full line of varle-
rCAl/n I ncco ties, new and old
AITL K T H K K S ,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREKS are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FR KK descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

It costs little if -ny more
to get select stock of
choicest varieties. Every¬
body is pleased with or-
ders filled from my field
grown bushes. Hardy, strong rooted, vigorous. All the
fine varieties. Try an order and see how they'll come
along next season. It will pay you to plant Wood's
Small Fruits— all my own growing. Catalog free.

ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Grower,
Rochester, New York.

50,000 APPLE

Four sizes, 3 feet up. Leading kinds.

O. A.
Oak Street,

E.

BALDWIN,

Bridgman, Mich.

15,000 CHERRY

Four sizes, 3 feet up. SWEET: Tartarian,
Scamidt, Napoleon, Governor Wood, Dowter, Y.
Spanish and Windsor.

SOUh : Montmorency, Fa. Richmond, Dye-
house, May Duke, olivet and English Morello.

3,000 QUINCE

Three sizes, 2 feet up.

Free catalogue. State size wanted and how many
trees; we’ll name best price obtainable.

They are true to name, clean, bright, young, thrifty
and fumigated. None better at any price; no scale.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

Innn nnn asparagus roots-tiic

jUUUjUUU Most Profitable Crop grown.
Seven of the best varieties described in our 100-page
Catalogue. It is FUKE to those who mention Kural
New-Yorker. MOOllK & SIMON,

Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

PINE HILL FRUIT FARM, Center Brook. Conn.

JAPAN WALNUT,

Ornamental, Shade and Nut Trees.
Fruits at 2 years, 7 by mall $1.00.

QTAYMAM’Q WINF9AP APPLE. Superb quality,
01 ni (n nil 0 VVinCOAr, long keeper, $(>.00 per 100.
Send for descriptive price list.

JOHN S. BARNHART, Denton, Maryland

IL 3. Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100.000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. W rite for new l'.Kio Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

DON’T BUY TREE8until

■ you see our
1905 Cata’og of 62 pages, describing in de¬
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to
QUAKER HILL NURSERY
R. F. D. No. 6. Newark, New York

APPIjEI TREES

We have a surplus of Baldwin, Ben Davis. Gano,
Grimes, Greening, Fallawater, Fall Pippin,
Newtown Pippin, Rome Beauty, Sutton Beauty.
York Imperial, Yellow Transparent and other
standard varieties. Peaches. Chair’s Choice,
Belle, Francos and 40 other varieties. Pears,
Plums, Cherries, Currants and Grape Vines.
Write today for descriptive catalogue and bar
gain prices. BARNES BROS. NURSERY
CO., Box 8, Yalesvilie, Conn.
4^VW'VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV%T

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

PLANT CRIMSON-CLUSTER, the best late straw
berry. Send for free 24 page catalogue describing Go
choice varieties at lowest prices: it will save you
money. W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.

TREED FOB FRUIT and SHADE. Flower-
K ► ■■ ing Shrubs, etc. Catalogue for 1905

■ ■ifcifcw sent FREE.

ESTABLISHED IN 1840

EDWIN ALLEN SON, New Brunswick. N.J.

80 VARIETIES

BEaT JNKW and

, Standard Straw’by,
Kas’by, Grape and
Blk'by plants, Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices.
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. R. WESTON & CO.

K. F. D. No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

VARIETIES
QUALITY .
PRICES . .

V.

[

j

This is true of RUPERT'S NURSERY STOCK. We sell direct from the
Nursery to the Planter. Priced Catalogue free. No scale has ever been
found in our Nursery. A present given every customer

ALWAYS answering this advertisement.

right Seed Corn Seed Oats

New, Large Yielding Varieties of Great Excellence

Clean Seed. Circulars and Samples mailed on request. We pay freight.

W. I3. R.TJFEH.T dte SONS; Box 35 Seneca, 3XT. Y.

William Street Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apples Std. Pears, Plums, Peach, Currants and
Grape Vines. Our list includes all the best varieties. A good assortment of Orna¬
mental Trees, Shrubbery, Roses, Clematis, Hedge Plants and Small Fruits. Send
list of wants for prices. T. W. & J. P. RICE, Geneva, N. Y.

BUSINESS PEACHES

Greensboro, Carman, Champion, Belle of
Georgia, Elberta (for canning), Chairs, and
Steven’s Rareripe. Also Crosby and Fitzgerald for cold sections; Niagara (new) Woodward : Crawford Late,
an I nip roved C. Late; and other leading sorts. Send us list for prices or let us make up a selection for you.
We offer a safe list, safe trees, and SAFETY throughout. Our Tree Breeder (free) gives prices on these and
other business trees, the safest trees and the best trees that money can buy.

The Tree Breeders. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y.

onn nnfl ADDI £ TRPEQ 6 to 7 ft. llcts. each, 5 to fi ft. 9cts., 4 to 6 ft. 7cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5 cts., 2 to 3 ft,
ZUU|UUU AiTLl I riLLO, one year old. 4 cts. 5,00'» Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft.. 10 cts. 5,000 KleiTer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Scale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind. The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 90 days Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, Penna.

TREES

CE PER inn CRPIRHT PAin Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach
i)J rtn lUUi inLIUni IHIUi and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,
true to name and Fumigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries In quality and
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box IO. Geneva. N. Y.

westmbmsmei

are “bred for bearlnsr.” x That’s why we
cut all buds from the best' fruited, bearing
trees. It also i»sures stock true to name and
variety. Over three million trees — 913 acres.
All new and standard varieties of Apple,
Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna¬
mental trees and shrubs. We sell direct «t
who'euale prices. Illustrated catalogue free.

WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES,

Hox 54, Benton Hnrbor, Mich. *•

Trees Plants

Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. BLACK¬
BERRIES, STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES. Our Free
Catalogue will save you money. Please mention Rural New
Yorker.

MYER & SON, BRIDGKVILLE, DELAWARE

FRUIT TREES

will continue to get it.

Box: 122

g!’’ "wnat is': " Why, an unbroken line of

orders” from the same people for 25 Years.”

Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they
Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

IX. JS. Wiloy cfc Son, Cay-uga, N . Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

25 1

“CHEMICALS AND CLOVER ° UP-
TO-DATE.

Development of a Fertilizer Farm.

Part I.

For nearly 20 years we have studied
ths operations on the farm of D. C. Lewis,
Cranbury, New Jersey. That means four
times around a five-year rotation composed
of the ordinary farm crops, such as pota¬
toes, wheat, hay and corn. We have
heard much about the transfer of such
crops to the richer lands of the West.
For a time there were many who be¬
lieved that the average eastern farm
could not produce wheat, corn and hay at
a reasonable profit. This belief was based
on the theory that the fertility of an
old farm could not be maintained without
stock feeding and that the sale of hay
from such a farm means gradual exhaus¬
tion. Now, the cultivation of Mr. Lewis’s
farm dates back to the Revolutionary
War. He stopped the feeding of steers
because it did not pay, and for the past
20 years practically all of the hay has been
sold. Yet in spite of all this, the farm
was never stronger or more productive
than it is to-day! Surely a system that
will bring about such a result is well
worth studying.

I have said that Mr. Lewis follows a
five-year rotation. Starting with pota¬
toes, the field in which they grew is
seeded to wheat and Timothy, with clover
added in the opring. The wheat is har¬
vested, after which the grass is cut two
years. The first year’s crop is largely
clover — the second mostly Timothy. The
sod, after the second crop of hay, is
plowed and planted to corn — after which
potatoes follow once more. This is
known as the Mapes system of cropping.
The peculiar features of it, new 20 years
ago, but now largely copied, are heavy
dressings of chemical fertilizers on the
potato crop and all the stable manure
made on the farm crowded upon the sod
and plowed under for the corn crop. The
fertilizer used for the potatoes is so
combined that it not only supplies avail¬
able fertility for the potatoes, but also
provides food for one crop of wheat and
two of grass !

During the past five years, or through
the last round of the rotation, the busi¬
ness of this 90-acre farm — 70 acres in
cultivation — is stated as follows: Total
sales, five years, $15,514.87 ; cost of labor
and fertilizers, $5,486.37. These figures
of cost do not include insurance, repairs,
seed or renewals. These would be as
great or greater withi another system of
farming. Our object is to compare the
working expenses of this fertilizer farm¬
ing with that of others. There are, of
course, fertilizer farmers or truckers who
produce asparagus, fruit and similar
things who show larger total sales, but
here is a farm still growing the old-
fashioned crops which it has done for
years !

To get a clear idea of the products sold
from the farm take the sales statement
for 1904: Hay, $631,77; wheat, $219.93;
pork, $35.68 ; milk and calves, $741.04 ; po¬
tatoes, $1,436.65; corn, $308.54; total,
$3,373.61. Cost of labor and fertilizers,
$1,298.28. We shall see when figures for
the entire five years are given that in¬
comes from the farm vary as the rotation
changes. This is most noticeable in po¬
tatoes, which represent the money crop.
The 70 cultivated acres are divided quite
accurately into four fields. One of these
fields is of lighter, open texture, while an¬
other is considerably heavier. Naturally
the first is better for potatoes, while the
other is better for grass. When the ro¬
tation brings the potato crop to the soil
most naturally adapted to it, and the sea¬
son is fair, the potato crop brings consid¬
erably more money than when planted on
the heavier field, even with the same
amount of fertilizer. On the other hand,
the hay crop on the heavier field will most
likely be larger. It is also found that
when the potato crop is short the follow¬
ing crops of wheat and grass are likely
to be larger, since less plant food than

usual was taken by the potatoes. 1 hus
this rotation, being so nicely adjusted,
permits little loss.

Most farmers who study these figures
for the first time will ask how it is pos¬
sible to sell $631.77 worth of hay and
$741.04 worth of milk and calves from a
70-acre farm ! They can see how one of
these items might be correct, but how
can one sell milk and also that from
which milk is made? As we shall show
later on, this milk represents the stalks
of the corn put in the silo, or shredded
dry and fed with grain purchased with the
money obtained by selling the grain of
corn. A part of the clover is also fed
to the cows. The interesting changes
which led to this feeding of the stalks
will be explained when we come to the
corn crop. Of late years Mr. Lewis has
been experimenting with Alfalfa, as he
was quick to realize how this plant would
help feed his cows, leave more hay for
sale and provide more fertility for the
farm. We shall describe some of his ex¬
periments. This year, for example, he
will plant an acre of early potatoes be¬
side his present Alfalfa field. When the
potatoes are dug Alfalfa will be seeded,
using soil from the old field for inocu¬
lation.

The keystone of this system of farm¬
ing is the heavy use of fertilizers on the
potato crop. Let us start our study of
the rotation and its results with that crop.

First, here are the financial returns for
five years :

VAI.UH OF POTATO CROP.

Year ending March 31, 1901...

Year ending March 31, 1902...

Year ending March 31, 1903...

Year ending March 31, 1904...

Year ending March 31, 1905. . .

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

$829.54

1,864.82

763.13

1,436.65

580.12

Total . $5,474.26

These figures show how the crop varies
from year to year, owing to seasons, soils,
prices and prevalence of rot and scab.
They show us that the only safe way to
figure when a rotation is followed care¬
fully is to take the average of a series
of years. We will discuss the fertilizing
next week. H. w. c.

SEEDS

Cl ARDEN, Field and
Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring Barley, Blue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Bed Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, and Oats in car
lots track yeur station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.
115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

AJjTQ Sensation and Silver Mine, the oat wonders
UR | O 123 bu. per acre. Prices low. Catalogue
free. Theo. Burt & Sons, Box E.. Melrose. Ohio.

Long’s White Tartar

A Magnificent Variety,
produced by intelligent selec¬
tion of best heads for seed for
many years. Yielded 2.000 bus.
on 19 acres on our farm last year. Write for our
catalogue and "surplus list.” We offer many Seeds,
Potatoes, etc., at reduced prices for a short time.
Joseph Harris Co., Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. Y.

OATS

SWEDISH SELECT OATS

Described by the U. S. Dept. Agriculture: " Now
probably the best American oat.” We want to tell
you why. Description, price list for the asking. Also
Sir Walter Raleigh potatoes. J. M. Fluke, Nankin, O

Seed Potatoes and Oats

Most profitable varieties. None better.

Pure Early Rose and Sir Walter Raleigh, bu. $1.00.
bbl. $2.50. White Shonen oats. bu. 60c., 10 bu. $5.00
New Golden Fleece oats, bu. $1.00.

K. W. McAllen, Fannettsburg, Pa

CHD CAI ' CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5.50

rUll wALE bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

Milford, Delaware

SEED SOWERS

Field's Reid's
Yellow Dent

The big brother of the original or Illi¬
nois type of Held’s Yellow Dent. Bred
to lit the Iowa idea o( longer ears,
rougher grains, plenty of vigor, and a
big yield. Same perfect form, hand¬
some color, deep grains and straight
rows, but a bigger, better type every
way. I sell it either ear or shelled.
Catalog, photographs, and samples
free and I throw in a package of
watermelon seed and one of flower
seeds besides. Send for them today.
HENRY FIELD
Seedsman
Box 26

Shenandoah, la,

**Thc oar ued com man.1

Hulst’s Improved Eight Rowed Yellow Flint

This seed has been taken for the last four years
from stalks having two good matured ears, and the
best ears taken ; was cut up and well matured long
before tier first frost. Stouts in the best part of the
field yielded at the rate of 110 bushels shelled corn
por acre. Seed from carefully selected ears, and tips
shelled off by hand; price SI. 50 per half bushel. $3.00
per bushel of 58 lbs, ; bags free Address

PETER D. HTJLST, Billing** Dutchess Co., N. Y,

FINE QUALITY SEED,

cleaned and Tested. Special Prices

to Far-

All Recleaned _

mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy, Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, Redtop, Kentucky Blue-Grass, German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats: Learning, Pride of the North, Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and ail kinds of Flint and Sweet Corn; all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape
Onion Seed. Implements for Farm, Garden ant

Lawn. Catalogue free. CHAS. F . SAUL, 220-224
James Street, Syracuse, Now York

E. L. Clarkson’s Clermont and Nevis Farm’s

Pride of the North Yellow dent Seed Corn. Earliest
to mature and a heavy yielder. Price, shelled, bags
included bu. 75c.; bu. lots and over $1.25 per bu

F. O. B.

- A. E. BOUER, Mngr., R. F. D. Tivoli N. Y

DIBBLE’S FARM SEEB.

Seed Potatoes, Northern grown, vigorous and pro¬
ductive. Ail the new and standard kinds. Any Quan¬
tity from barrels to carloads. Seed Oats, Twentieth
Century, best variety on earth. 440 bushels on four
acres last year. Fine heavy seed thoroughly reclean¬
ed. Seed Corn, New 80 Day Dent. Earliest Dent
Corn grown. Mammoth Yellow Flint and Improved
Learning. All corn tested germinates 90 to 98 per
cent. ALFALFA, CLOVER, TIMOTHY and GRASS
SEEDS. We are headquarters for Farm Seeds. Cat¬
alogue free.

Edward F. Dibble, Seedgrower, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

FIELD SEEDS

Medium Red Clover, Timothy, Alfalfa, Alsikav Ken¬
tucky Blue Grass, Red Top and Beardless Barley.
Direct to Farmers. Samples and prices on application.
M. L. WHITE, Seedsman, Noblesville, Ind.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots, SI. 50,
10 bu. lots, SI. 40, 25 bu. lots, SI. 30. 60 bu. lots,
SI. 25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. B. BKOWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L.L, N.Y.

GENUINE IRISH GOBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keepingqualities, this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed Is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl. to be genuine. Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as It goes.

EDWARD KIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

Unique Collection

Japanese, Muroran and Soramame, German, Swedish,
Mexican and Bush Multiflora Beans, one packet each,
postpaid 50c. Write for prices on Peas, Beans, Oats,
Corn, etc. EDW. E. EVANS, West Branch, Mich.

Corn

We ohallenge the world to pro¬
duce a more proMflo, early, big
eared corn variety than Salcer’s
Home Builder, »o named be¬
cause 60 acres of this fine oorn
yielded so heavily that its net pro¬
ceeds built a beautiful home for the
lucky possessor. See catalog.

Here are some of the yields our
oustomers had of this corn
15? bu. per acre.

By John Flagel, La Porte Co., Ind.

160 bu. per acre.

By O. E. Michael^ Mont. Co., O.

196 bu. per acre.

By Richard Spaeth, Lake Co., Ind.

198 bu. per acre.

By J. D. Walker, Hamblem Co.,
Tenn.

220 bu. per acre.

By Lawrence Scheistbl, Ogemaw
Co., Micb.

225 bu. per acre.

By J. W. Massey, Crockett Co.,
Tenn.

804 bu. per acre.

Ray Stearns, Ransom Co., N. D.
says: ** Ripened in 120 da vs.
Yielded 304 bu. per acre. Next
year I will grow 400 bu. per acre
from it” _

National Oats.

Enormously prolific. Does well
everywhere. It won't let your acre
produce less than 100 bu. Try it.

BlUlon Dollar Grass.

Most talked of grass in America.
Would be ashamed of itself if it
yielded less than 14 tons of splendid
hay per acre. _

For 10c. In Stamps

and the name of this paper, we
will gladly send you a lot of farm
seed samples, well worth $10.00 to
get a start with, together with our
mammoth 140 page Illustrated
catalog:, describing such novel¬
ties as Arid Land Barley, Macaroni
Wheat, Two Foot Oats, Pea Oat,
Teosinte, Victoria
Rape. Send
the lOo. to¬
day.

sAr

h

f

June Eating Seed Potatoes

No blight.no rot, no scab. Other varieties.

E. A. HILL, Windham, N. Y.

Fine Seed Corn

Very best varieties for GRAIN and Ensilage. Biggest
yielder, 200 bushels per acre. Lowest prices, $1 to
$1.25 per bushel. 25 celebrated varieties of STRAW¬
BERRIES, $1.25 to $1.50 per 1,000. Send for free
catalogues. S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly, Del.

50c

All Kinds
All Prices

and up. Booklet with Calendar free.

■ SEEDER MFG. CO., Box 4. Homer, Mich.

MAINE SEED P0TAT0FS.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Preeque
Isle, Aroostook Co.. Maine. Over fifty varieties. .

Seed Potatoes

AT

WHOLESALE PRICES

Our Seed Potatoes are grown In the
Northern partof Aroostook County, Maine, and
are fine. Garden Seeds, all varieties. Send
for our Catalogue.

Free Premiums

Thos. Griswold A Co.,

36 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn.

Business Establishkd 1845

Crosby Early Sweet Corn.

a pure strain for seed, in quantities from one
to two hundred bushels for immediate delivery
at $2 50 per bushel f. O. b. express or freight.
Cash with order.

RIVERSIDE FARM

Nashua

New Hampshire

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. T-astes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

THEILM ANN’S— The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THE TflKILMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

"j Honest Seeds
at Honest Prices”

By Honest Seeds we mean the best that grow.
By Honest Prices we mean no trust prices. We
belong to no combination or association, we
make our own prices. Peas, Sweet, Silo and
Flint Corn, Seed Potatoes and Onion Sets, at
exceptionally low prices. Drop a postal for
our catalog, it tells you how to get seeds
at 3c. a package, and at wholesale prices.

Forrest Seed Co., Cortland, N. Y.

Tiougknioga Valley Seed Gardens

252

March 2.“),

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

THE ATLANTIC STRAWBERRY.

The Atlantic is certainly a fine shipper.
The fruit is- very firm, of high color, good
shape and of excellent quality. But it seems
to succe.ed only under, certain conditions,
which most localities are unable to furnish.
It is at its best in Oswego1 County, N. Y.,
where it Is a great money maker. It requires
moist soil, high culture and very heavy fer¬
tilizing. I have fruited it several years in
Yates County, but it does not yield quarts
enough to pay. e. c. Gillette.

The Atlantic strawberry originated in At¬
lantic County, N. .1. It has been grown here
for the past 10 or 12 years with varying suc¬
cess. For some reason or other it has suc¬
ceeded best in a rather restricted territory
near Oswego, and has been discarded by good
berry growers only a few miles away. It re¬
quires a rich gravelly loam; one that has
been heavily fertilized with barn manure the
year before the plants are set is best. The
land should have two generous applications
of commercial fertilizer the year the plants
are set, and another application very early
in the following Spring. The fertilizer should
contain a large per cent of phosphoric acid ;
some growers u*e acid phosphate only with
excellent results. Generally, it does not run¬
ner very freely, yet sometimes we have seen
it in wide matted rows. It is one of our
latest berries, and is considered a fickle crop¬
per, for many times when all the conditions
and surroundings seem to be perfect the crop
is a disappointment. The yield per acre is
not as large as that of other kinds, but when
we consider the saving in crates, baskets,
pickers' wages and the high prices they com¬
mand the profit is greater if the grower can
get a crop of really fine berries. A, few have
the temerity to set this berry for the entire
crtfp. Most of the growers depend on some
other kind for toe main crop. It is conceded
by alb that year in and year out Bubach or
sonte other good berry will net the grower
more mone.v. The berry is of high quality
and very stands handling and shipping

best of all. Tlireh*-years ago a carrier, four
baskets, was; d evident ally left in our field two
full days,, standing ip a hot sun, and when
found fdss than a dozen- lierries were spoiled.
Alb the buyers who come '-to our market here
are always hot for AtlanticS. “Have you
any Atlantic®?" .is' generally the first ques¬
tion asked, and' if the market is, dull a few
ertftes of A.tlantics ^wiH ' help to sell the
whole load. The season 'of 1902 was very
severe on newly set beds, making the 190.1
crop. ,shoft, yet one grower received between
$1, TO© and- $1.-800 from a scant two acres of-
Atiantics, the price ranging around $7 per
crate. Last year another man received $8
per crate for his entire crop. .Once in a
w-hile, not often, the price has climbed to $9^
per crate. The crate used here holds 36
quarts. If W. A. B., page 171, will visit
Oswego any week day, excepting Fridays, dur-.
Ing the strawberry season, be will s^e Atlan-
tics and other kinds in plenty. d. d. s.
Oswego, N. Y.

HOW TO GET RID OF RATS.

If E. D. G., of Massachusetts, wants to
kill the rats and not poison, them, let him
feed them several days with flour mixed with
sugar, about one-quarter sugar. Then if they,
feed vt-ell on it, use floilr three parts,’ plaster $5 to $10 per month when I am milking onlv
of Paris one part, and sweeten as before, about one-half my cows. I am satisfied that

and they would have no more difficulty In
that direction. They had occasion to try
it later, and he said it was a perfect success.
He also said they now use it for keeping
down lice in their poultry buildings and brood
coops. They slake it with water, just as in
making whitewash, and apply with a spray¬
er. I have had no personal experience with
this remedy and give the Information that
E. D. G. and others may try it for themselves.

Macon Co., III. j. c. N.

USE OF HAND SEPARATORS ,

The main reason for my using a cream
separator is that it takes considerable of the
farmer's valuable time to carry milk to- and
from the factory, especially when help Is
scarce, as it is through these parts, saying
nothing about the wear and tear of horse,
horse shoeing, wagon and harness. Another
reason is that I have better milk for my
calves and hogs. When it is carried over the
road and run through one of those sepa¬
rators nine times out of ten it is sour by the
time it gets home, and not any good for the
calves. I have heard some complaints from
those who carried their milk to the factory
of their milk being watered. I believe water
to be very essential, but don't purpose to
carry it over the roads unless it is necessary.
Again, I can test and weigh my cream at
home and know just what I am doing. The
last year I milked 12 cows, six of them
heifers ; have two coolers where the water
and ice goes around and through the milk.
From the first of June until the last of Octo¬
ber, five months, I sold 10,489 pounds of
cream, test 21 ; the rest of the year made
butter at- home. c. B. h.

Valley Falls, N. Y.

We have had a hand cream separator since
May, and before we had the separator we
used the cooler system, but find the separator
superior to anything we have ever used. In
regard to raising cream, our cream test does
not vary over two per cent every month. We
are making one-tenth more cream, and there
are no drawbacks. The reason why we pre¬
fer to separate at home is because we know
within a few dollars what our cream check
will be every month. We have only been
here a year the first of December ; we own
a place of 240 acres. Our farm is capable
of keeping 30 to 35 head of stock. We in¬
tend to keep about that number, and expect
to keep them in the creamery. In regard to
crops and prices, would say anything could
be raised in this section. The land is rough,
but the soil is good. Brices are pretty fair;
we are perfectly contented with our lot. This
is the place for anyone who has any push
in him to make a good living. There are tel¬
ephones here and we expect free delivery
the first of January. 1 c. c.

West Hartland, Conn.

I have kept a small herd of cows for the
last 20 years, from 10 to 15. I sold my milk
at one time. For the last 15 years I have
sold my cream. I have found it more profit¬
able than selling the milk. I receive more
money for my cream than I did for the milk
from the same number of cows when I sold
my milk, and I have the skim-milk left for
home use. For the past few months I have
been using a separator. I have 15 cows, but
am only milking eight at the present time.
The separator has made a difference of from

NEW DEERE NO. 9
PLANTER

Edge Selection Drop

INCREASES YIELD
OF CORN

The NEW DEERE NO. 9 will drop three I
kernels, or two kernels In each hill, or two
and three alternately, as desired— and do it
unfailingly, without being forgetful or getting
excited. Attends to its knitting” strictly,
and “never drops a stitch." This is some¬
thing unusual in corn planters, as too many 1
I farmers know to their regret. Note the |
following letter:

Ord, Neb., Feb 8, 1905.

Deere & Mansur Company : Please send mo your
farm machinery catalogue. I want to soe more
about your New Deere Corn Planter No. 9. By
using a defective planter last season it cost ms
fully the price of two or three new ones.

Yours truly, Ben. G. Bussell.

Profit by the experience of others and throw I
I away your old styloplanter and get tha I
accurate NEW DEERE NO. 9. The Increase |
I in yield will more than pay for it. Dropping I
| too many kernels is just as bad a fault as drop- 1
| ping too small a number. If you want a
corn planter that really Is a corn planter, it I
must be equipped with the genuine edge drop, [
insuring extreme accuracy. In other words, 1
it must bo the NEW DEERE NO. 9, for that I
I is one of our exclusive patented features. I
The NEW DEERE has a system of valves I
that is simple In' construction, efficient In [
action. No stringing of the hills with these I
valves. The change from drilling to hilling I
or vica versa, is Instantly made. N o switching I
of the valves. There are many other valua- [
| ble features which combine to make this the I
Ideal planter. Our fertilizer attachment is a
: winner and does excellent work. No danger
of firing the seed. Fertilizer may be hilled |

| or drilled as desired.

booklet “More Corn” Sent Free

We issue a 82-page booklet, in which we have I
endeavored to place before the farmers the
importance of careful selection of seed corn,
and to give them the latest information on ]
how to obtain a uniform and perfect stand,
i The book is fully illustrated, and tells “how”
'and “why." Its suggestions carefully followed
will increase the corn yield from ten to fifty I

“More Corn"
prepaid.

I Our goods are handled by reputable dealers I
throughout the country, who will be glad tol
I show what they will do. Call at at our nearest J
| agency.

DEERE & MANSUR CO.
Moline, Ill.

iPAVINOFp

CURES ■

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Windgall,
1 Enlargements. Curb.Galls,
ISores. Pollevil, Scratches,
IShoeBoils.&c.Removesun-
‘ natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
land clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL, AFTON, N.T.
$1.00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.

Rais that, will eat this will die, and if eat¬
en by cats or dogs it will not injure them.
St. Mary's, Pa, a. c. s.

it would not be a large estimate to say that
from a herd of 15 cows from $10 to $15 In¬
crease Is obtained a month by using a separa¬
tor. The warm milk Is liked much better by
the young stock. „ My wife will tell you that

_ x > " she would rather wash the separator than the

ret. We were bothered with rats: Trans and . , . . . . ,

. . ■ jt • , . ■ „ , 1 J cans that she bad before using It. J. w. H.

poison wdre of jao use. My brother bought

I see E. D. G.. of Massachusetts, wants'
a remedy for rats. The best, one is a fer-

A cheap, durable

roof. Any
handy man
with hammer
and knife can
make it with

Arrow Brand Asphalt Ready Roofing

Outlasts other roofs, no cost for repairs. Looks
well anywhere and wears well. Sand or gravel sur¬
faced. Booklet, prices and samples senton request.
Asphalt Ready Roofing Co.i 80 Pine Street, New York

a pair of ferrets, and the rats left the place '
for good. It is pleasure for the boys to kill
the rats while the ferrets are- chasing them
from under "the buildings. If you have a
gopd dog it will make it more interesting.
Sofne folks are afraid of ferrets. They will

Simbury, Conn.

SCOURS IN HORSE.

I have a young horse six years old in June.
For eight months he has been scouring. His
food does not seem to digest properly. I feed
nof harm you ; they are as playful as a kit- him nine quarts whole oats, three quarts bran
ten, but are ;ppison to -rats. « h. s. 0r cut straw and hay at night; have seen
Canarsie, N. Y. veterinary and he gave me 12 powders, but

I saw in The R. N.-Y. the complaint of a di(l £ood- rine work is three trlI)S t0 cit-v
nutn troubled with rats. My father, about for manure> about 12 miles, round trip, each
35 < years ago, was troubled with the same week- Do Y°u think be is weak internally? lie
vermin, and the only way he could get rid seems a)1 right, only bard to get flesh on; is

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

GREATEST OFFERING EVER MADE
AT FRIVATE SAFE.

Registered Young Cows Due to FA
Freshen this Spring. vU

of them was by catching a rat alive and
smearing die body all over with coal tar,
taking it back to its usual haunts and let¬
ting it loose. In a very few days there were
no more rats to be seen or heard of. The
coal tar must have been too much for them,
as we were nob troubled with them any
more. _ p. 0. R>

Patchogue, N. Y.

Removing Rats. — E. D. G. says his place
is overrun with rats and wishes to know how
to get rid of them. It so hanpened that just
the day before reading his query in The R.
N.-Y. a friend, told me liis experience in get¬
ting rid of the rodents. He and a brother
are running a poultry farm in Vermillion
County, this State. They put an acetylene
lighting plant in their dwelling house, and
the man installing the plant casually re¬
marked that if they ever became troubled
with rats, mice, weasels, mink or other var¬
mints, just to sprinkle acetylene in the holes,
runways, or about the coops and outbuildings,

in fair order, not fat. h. b.

You are causing the trouble, and if

you continue to feed and work your- horse
as you say you may lose him. The cut
straw and the way you water is the

trouble. If you will feed whole oats and
a little bran, and not cut the hay, and
feed water as follows, I think your horse
will improve : In the morning give
whole hay, and in one-half hour give

six or eight quarts of water, and then
grain. When you take him out let him
walk most of the time the first two

miles, feed the same at noon and night,
but at night give him all the water he
wishes, and I will suggest that you ask
your veterinary, for another dozen pow¬
ders and have him count the horse’s pulse.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

50

75

30

50

Two year old registered Heifers bred
to come in this spring or next fall.

Registered Service Bulls, ready for
spring service.

Registered male and female Calves,
some of them granddangbters and

75

30

50

grandsons of the champion cow of the world.

70 A. R. O. Cows in calf to Mercedes T
I U Julip’s Pietertje’s Paul, No. 29830, f U
and to Aaggie Connueopia Pauline Count, No.
29642.

IT FAYS TO BUY THE BEST.

Do not have to pay extravant prices. You save
money by buying here. Full guarantee on every¬
thing. Circulars will be sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland. N Y.

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made in
the factory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the field. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

GOOD GALVANIZING

Is essential to a good wire fence. Page-Wire heavily
galvanized makes Page Fence last 20 years and longer

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 742. Adrian, Mich.

;ENGE AGENTS’ BANQUET

A ooliarh nano 1 A .1 1 ™

c

A square meal— A square deal.

■ BILL OF FARE.

Best post ever offered for wire Fence. Automobile
Hitching Post, (great seller.) Country Guido
Boards (with Posts.) City Street Signs, Railroad and
Electric Signs. Elegant Wire Gates, (served with
Latches andBIages.) Dessert, Rural Mall Boxes, three
styles, (with big discount.)

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Michigan.

SHeaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire J
I a 15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED
^^e.?I!<LseII direct to farmers at wholesale prices, ,
» Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.
I^Write for Fence Book showing tio styles.

- JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

WEIGHT AND STRENGTH
'FROST*

I BEST.

(cheapest _ _ _

such as found in the " Frost” is absolutely necessary
to make a durable fence. For beauty, strength and
wearing qualities, our gates are unequaled. Our new
catalogue and model Frost new lock mailed on
application.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio

IWANS’ Post Hole anadu2eerll

For Fence and Telephone Poet Holes , Wells, Prospecting, etc. A man
can do three timei the werk with an Iwan Auger than with any other.

^ SUee 3 to 10 Inch,

Used by U. & Gov't. »2. 50 each; 12 inch,

16.00; 14 inch. 18 00.

— ^ |\A/AN *n<Iulr* of your hard-

n 1 ware or implement

Agents Wanted. - dealer, or write ue

. , . . , , tor particulars and

, circulars of our tooleyou need on tho farm. Sample at special price tj
introduce. 1 wan Brother*, Dept. No. 4, Streator, III.

Wire F ence 9 Or

48-in . stock fence per rod only “ F 4*
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire,
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE
Buv direct at wholesale. Write today

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leeaburg, 6.

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can't slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

w. sell direct to Formers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main St., Celchsster, Conn.

; ANCHOR FENCE

Built on the most ap¬
proved plan, and of
material that gives
lasting service.

Send for Catalogue "I).’’

ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. OO., Cleveland, Ohio.

Sf-s

RUBEROID

TRADE MARK REGISTERED 1

There is onlv one Ruber-
oid Roofing. Only one of
its kind and one of its
name, and we alone make
it. If you buy a roofing
which does not bear the
above trade mark on the
label and stamped on the
under side of the material,
it is not Ruberoid Roofing.

Ruberoid Roofing is and lias been for fourteen
years the Standard Prepared Roofing. Our repu¬
tation stands behind its quality. Send for
samples and Booklet K.

The Standard Paint Company

Sole Manufacturers

lOO William Street

NEW YORK

1005.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

I

253

Lime on a Strawberry Bed.

J. S. J., Greensboro, Ind. — -A strawberry
culturlst advises never to use lime on
strawberry beds. I would like some informa¬
tion on the subject, as I am thinking of
liming land that I intend to set /his Spring.

Ans. — We have not found lime useful
for strawberries. Some plants do better
in an acid soil, and the strawberry ap¬
pears to be one of them. Liming changes
the soil from acid to alkaline, and in
our experience the strawberries do not
thrive so well. We should use the lime
on clover, grass or grain.

Fertilizer for One- Year Cropping.

E. Pennsylvania. — As I expect to leave
this farm next season, would you put fer¬
tilizers on the potatoes or not? The ground
was manured last season ; part was in sod,
and it had about 500 pounds of potato fer¬
tilizer to the acre. It is a sandy loam, well
drained. I had a fine crop off it last season.

Ans. — We would not use a fertilizer
containing organic nitrogen or bone on a
field from which only one crop would
be taken. You will leave a part of such
fertility for the next tenant. If there was
a good crop last year we should use
nitrate of soda alone — about 200 pounds
per acre. This furnishes nitrogen alone
and in such cases would act something
like a whip to take the fertility out of
the soil.

Seedling Walnuts.

II. II. 8., Parkersburg, W. Va. — Would
English walnuts that can be bought in mar¬
ket, when planted produce nuts as good as
the parent, or must they be grafted? Where
could the grafts be obtained?

Ans. — No, the nuts in the stores nor
any other one will not produce trees
that will bear exactly the same kind, but
they will be something like them. Seed¬
lings should be grown and then grafted.
Scions can be obtained from California
nurserymen, but there is a very fruitful
and hardy tree on the lot of a Mr. Pom*
eroy in Loekport, N. Y., that bears nuts
of good quality. It has been named Potfi-
cfOy, and I think he can furnish scions.
Prafiquette and Mayette are good varie¬
ties, but I do not think any nurseries east
of California keep the trees.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Lime and “ Land Plaster."

It., Connecticut. — I have read a great deal
about land needing lime. Is the lime air-
slaked or is it land plaster, or are they both
alike?

Ans. — Air-slaked lime is used on land.
You can buy it already slaked, or in the
form of caustic or quicklime and slake it
yourself. The land plaster is a very dif¬
ferent thing from “lime,” and will not
take its place in sweetening the soil.
Plaster is sulphate of lime, while the “lime”
is a carbonate. To make a homely illus¬
tration we will compare cooking soda
and Glauber’s salt. The first is a bicar¬
bonate of soda, while the latter is sul¬
phate of soda. Housekeepers know how
to use the former, and also that the latter
is a medicine. Think what the effect
would be if you tried to use the Glau*
ber’s salt in making biscuit! One cannot
perform the special work of the other—
neither can “plaster” act upon the soil
as lime does.

Mixing a Fertilizer.

G. C., East Berlin, Conn. — I wish to mix

lv. You might spread them separately,
but we would not mix them. How, then,
can such a mixture be made? By using
fine ground bone, which contains 25 per
cent of phosphoric acid and 3]/2 per cent
of nitrogen. You will see by figuring that
900 pounds of acid phosphate and 300
pounds of bone will give 201 pounds phos¬
phoric acid and over 10 pounds of nitro¬
gen ; 350 pounds of muriate will furnish
more than enough potash, and 450 pounds
nitrate of soda provides 72 pounds of
nitrogen. This will mix much better,
since the dry bone makes a good “filler.”

Connection Between Lime and Alfalfa.

E. P., Lebanon, N. Y. — What connection is
there between lime and Alfalfa? Would
the application of lime help to get a good
stand of Alfalfa, and how much per acre
on loamy land, naturally drained, which had
potatoes on st season?

Ans. — 1 her is a large class of plants
which thrive best in an alkaline or neu¬
tral soil, and fait or partly so in an acid
soil. Alfalfa, like Red clover, belongs to
this class. Probably the chief reason is
that the bacteria which work on the roots
of the Alfalfa do their best when the
soil is alkaline. In acid soils they work
feebly. The addition of lime to an acid
soil corrects the sourness, and this gives
these bacteria a better chance to work.
It is likely, too, that aside from the
effect upon the bacteria the Alfalfa plant
grows better and secures more plant food
in an alkaline soil.

Good Apples for Southern Ohio.

One of our readers In Cincinnati says that
he planted, by mistake, 1,000 Ben Davis
apple trees. He now concludes that it was
a mistake to plant the Ben Davis, and wants
to top-work these trees to Rome Beauty. He
wants to know if this grafting would be ad¬
visable, and what other variety besides Rome
Beauty would be likely to do well under these
conditions.

Ans,— The Ben Davis apple tree is one
of the best for top-working, possessing
as It does, an unusual degree of vigor
and hat-ditiess; I truly believe that the
correspondent would do Well to top-work
his orchard, and the Rome Beauty stands
in the front rank as a variety especially
suited to the latitude of southern Ohio,
in which section it originated, therefore
is “at home.” Rome Beauty is an excel¬
lent keeper in cold storage — never scald¬
ing nor discoloring, as does York Im¬
perial, which, were it not for this weak¬
ness, would be a close second in choice.
Where cellar storage instead of cold
storage is employed this objection to
York Imperial would be entirely removed,
and it is one of the very best. If an
early Winter variety be desired, Jona¬
than can hardly be improved upon. Mc¬
Intosh is also successfully grown, even
much farther south, and is an attractive,
high-quality variety. Cold storage, of
course, would be necessary in holding
the early Winter fruits for a profitable
market. f. h. ballou.

Henrietta : “And what did you do
when the bullets began to vhistle about
vour head?” Henry: “I made *or the rear
as soon as possible. Whistling of any

kind always did set me crazy.” — Boston
Transcript.

STUDEBAKER

WHEN A MAN GETS A
STUDEBAKER

he is satisfied, because he feels sure
that he is taking home the very best that
money can buy.

He has nothing to apologize for.

And the longer he uses it the better he’s satis¬
fied.

There are a lot of little advantages about it,
not found in most vehicles.

There’s an absence of repair bills that’s good for
his pocket book. That’s a big advantage.

There’s the consciousness that he has in It the pick of
the world’s vehicle materials, with a half century’s
“know-how” in it, fifty years reputation behind it, and a
name on it that’s a guarantee in itself.

8tudebaker superiority is the result of the strict.

©st care in the selection of materials and in work¬
manship; the most rip^id inspection of every part,
and exceptional facilities found only in “the largest
vehicle plant in the world.”

If yon are thinking of buying a farm wagon, a spring wagon, a surrey,
• buggy, a family carriage, a vehicle of any kind for business or pleas¬
ure, or a set of harness of the sort that lasts— talk to the Studebaker
agent. You don't make such a purchase very many times in your life —
- , \\ ^ht Thile y°u're about it. Ask him for the Studebaker Almanac for

1005. „If he can t supply you, send your name and address with two cent stamp
to us and a free copy will be sent you. Address Dept. No. 54

STUDEBAKER BROS. MFG. CO.,

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.

Agencies most everywhere. A dealer may make more by selling
you some other, but you maka most by buying a Studebaker.

CLIP YOUR HORSES
with 20th Century Clipper Bff $5

r feel better, look better, work better, and are less liable to
h cold. Don’t let your horses stand in the barn all night

fa

Thcv

catch _ _ _ _ _ _ _

with a heavy damp coat of hair on. It weakens them and they
lose flesh. If clipped they dry ont Quickly, gain flesh and can
be groomed in one fourth the time. Weighs only 15 lbs.
Clips a horse in 30 minutes. Send for Catalogue H

CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO.

14S La Salle Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL.

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

Now Buy*
Sjt Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’

FREE
TRIAL.

/Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less

• than 850.00.

OUR FREE CATALOG other styles of pleasure

and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There i s as much difference between “ Columbia " and
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toad-stools.

Buy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no more than t lie unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply

A low wagon
at a low price.
Handy for
the farmer.
W ill carry a
load any¬
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
width of tire. Hubs to lit any axle.
For catalogue and prices, write to

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

A $50 BEAUTY

1905 Spilt Hickory Special Top .
Buggy In a Class by Itself.

Combines Durability
and Style with a
Bargain Price.

The 1905 Split
Hickory Special
Top Buggy which
we are offering
on this remarkably
liberal plan, at such an astonishingly low
price, is different and better than the ordin¬
ary buggy. Only the finest grade second
growth hickory, split, not sawed, is used in
its manufacture. Split Hickory buggies
embody a great many exclusive features;
screwed rim wheels, long distance dust proof
axles, quick shifting shaft couplings, etc.
We build each buggy to your special order,
Sold Direct to the User on

30 Days’ Free Use Plan

which enables you to look it over thoroughly
and satisfy yourself that it is exactly as
represented.

Split Hickory Buggies are guaranteed for two
years. This is not the paper guarantee of a cata¬
logue house. but the cash guarantee-of the largest
buggy factory in the country selling to the con¬
sumer direct.

NAW READY 1905 Split Hickory catalogue.
HUn nCMUl 192 pages of illustration and
description of our entire line of vehicles and har¬
ness. We send it free on request. Write for it
today.

TilfcOHIO CARRIAGE MFG.C0.(H.C.Phelps, Pres.)
Station 290 Cincinnati, Ohio.

a fertilizer that will analyze about 10
per cent phosphoric acid, eight per cent
potash, four per cent nitrogen. Would you
tell me how much of the following to use in
the mixture : Acid phosphate, muriate of
potash and nitrate of soda, also could you
give me some easy rule for figuring it out,
as I am all at sea?

Ans. — Assuming that the acid phos¬
phate is guaranteed to contain 14 per
cent of phosphoric acid, the muriate 50
per cent of potash and the nitrate 16
per cent of nitrogen, you cannot make
such a mixture with these materials alone.
You want 200 pounds of phosphoric acid
to the ton. To obtain this you must
use in round figures 1,450- pounds of acid
phosphate. To obtain the required 160
pounds of potash 320 pounds of muriate,
and to secure 80 pounds of nitrogen you
will need 500 pounds nitrate of soda.
Thus you have a total of 2,270 pounds. It
is not a food mixture anyway, as all
these substances are damp and will “cake”
so that they will not drill or spread even-

*

DUCHESS

TOP^

bucg7|

rAMILY \S

CARRIAGE

IsouS)

corai

JfTTWjt

SPRING WAGON

No.

100

\VJ

,$19.75

shown In c

buy* our "Duchess" ff in Art
lop buggy, exactly as S'4u.gU

j shown In cut. with ton, curtains,

I shafts, anti -rattler, cushions nicely
trimmed. Best value ever offered.

If you want a vehicle of any kind,
r Writeatonce for our vehicle catalog.

COQ QC buy* our rubber tire top
I, . , buggy, exactly as shown

in cut; complete In every way. Greatest offer ever made
»*n & guaranteed rubber tire top buggy.

$311 Kf) f*uF» our combination spring wagon, with
;vp«JU;UU large body, two seats, shafts, etc.

Si i*i **“.?“ ®ur No. 100 •Ingle buggy harness,

•.?* ” over or side check, I in. traces, complete

with one hitch rein. This Snd others described in catalog.

$ A fif) our "••«•<> <*oublo driving or carriage

x* — U harness. in. traces, handsome pads, over

or side checks, two hitch reins. "

buys our “Solid
Comfort’' phaeton, |

exactly as shown in cut, large hand-!
some lamps, wide fenders, top,?
shafts, etc.Sprlngcushion and back.

Cl I QC buys our large two
S'Nl.to sealed family car¬
riage; without lamps, fenders and top.

Price with top, fenders and lamps, *51.95. For full descrip¬
tion of this and other styles, write for catalogue.

C4i OK ,or our gentlemen's driving wagon, with
tIN.SiJ stick seat, exactly as shown incut, with shafts.

CO OK buys our No, 1 07 single buggy or carriage!
vpu.Od harness, collar and hame style, with over or
side check. 1 In. traces; collar extra, 75 cents.

C|7 fill buys our No. 317 heavy double team har- -
H'lf.UU nass, with in. traces, 18 ft. lines. 1% in. pole
and breast strap, with snaps and slides, complete with two
hitch straps. Collars extraj 1.60. “

1 N°„

hitch straps Collars extra J1.5U. Write for tree catalogue. '
- I»ll I I H I nil OUT ah“ sehd It to us and we will mail you FREE ourvehlcleandharnesscatalogue.lt
PveTv Xln.nrtrnmnW, mu V shows all of the very latest styles for 1905. The cuts are large, the descriptions are

t m^ev wft^ord^^n- -w 11 k_YT how*very vehi^° Is mflo. We ship on 30 days trial. We do not ask you for any

'astonishingly low dtiPm "mJdVhe °* ",n* “"t*1 7°“ 0*» aur catalogue and see our latest styles, our J

Ktomsningiy low prices, andthe most liberal terms ever made. gkManif m p men Art AUIAIOA II I ’

Writ, for it new, Pc not del., . R.mcmbcr It I. fro, - MARVIN SMITH COl CH1GA80. ILL*

254

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25,

HOG AND HOMINY IN INDIANA.

A Money Crop. — There are few far¬
mers in this section who do not
make it a practice to put a number
of hogs on the market at some
time during each year.' Many look ahead
to the definite expenses that they must
meet during the year, such as taxes, inter¬
est, fertilizer bills, etc., and then make
their plans to have a drove of hogs ready
for market at the time these bills wiW be
due, knowing that their capital is practical¬
ly safe in this way, that ordinarily it will
produce a fair rate of interest, and that it
can be converted into cash at the very
time it is required. The majority of the
larger producers and feeders, however,
have decided that there are certain seasons
of the year when they are likely to secure
larger profits, because of market condi¬
tions and lower cost of production, and
make their plans accordingly. As a rule
these successful feeders adhere, in a gen¬
eral way, to a definite plan year after
year, each individual following the method
that he has found to be best in his particu¬
lar case. This careful adherence to a cer¬
tain well-defined system has brought suc¬
cess to many a farmer and when we find
a prosperous looking farm in our commu¬
nity, and ask the owner the cause of his
prosperity, his answer is likely to be “hog
and hominy,” for it is pretty generally con¬
ceded that the two go hand in hand, as it
is a pretty serious problem to try to prod¬
uce fat hogs profitably without an abun¬
dance of this, the cheapest source of the
fat-forming elements.

Primitive Pastures. — We find that
these successful hog growers, while fol¬
lowing a definite system, have not been
slaves to that system, but have changed
their methods in detail from time to time
to comply with the changed conditions
which they must meet. One of our older
farmers who took up this line of farming

there was not much left for the hogs.
The fclover crop came to his rescue. He
found that it furnished an abundance of
pasture, and that his pigs would eat it
and thrive. Thus experience helped him
solve the problems of his new conditions.

Improved Stock. — He no longer breeds
the long-nosed “elm peelers,” whose pe¬
culiar mode of life among the roots and
leaves of the fore..' made the long snout
an important part of his equipment, but
on the contrary, the best blood of his
choice of breeds is in his stock, so that he
no longer needs to grow his hogs a year
before he fattens them, but his pigs far¬
rowed in March and April are ready for
the market in October at 175 to 200
pounds in weight. He has laid aside his
former idea that it made his pigs strong
and healthy to root for a living, and now
he regards their labors in that line as so
much wasted energy, which might more
profitably be converted into lard and meat.

Selection of Breeders. — He selects a
brood sow that is long in body, large in
chest, quiet and a good stickler. She is
kept in good condition, given reasonable
range on pasture if possible, and after
farrowing is fed sparingly at first with
milk and a little mill feed, and her ra¬
tion is gradually increased. The little
pigs are allowed room to exercise in the
sunshine and in a dry place ; are fed reg¬
ularly and moderately of milk with shorts
or similar feed added, and at about eight
weeks of age the sow is taken away and
they a, re kept on clover pasture during
the Summer, but given a little grain each
day, increasing the proportion of corn as
the fattening period approaches. They are
given comfortable sleeping quarters and
plenty of pure water. The wallow is not
regarded as an essential, but rather as a
source of danger. When ready to put on
the finishing touches the hogs intended
for market are usually confined to smaller

BILLY BERKSHIRE AND HIS FAMILY. Fig. 109.

here a number of years ago, found himself
at the start in possession of land of only
moderate fertility, with a considerable por¬
tion of it in native timber and underbrush,
while the fields that had been cleared and
cultivated for a number of years had the
appearance and the reputation of being
worn out. The small fields of bottom
land along the creeks were not sufficient
for his requirements, and as he then con¬
sidered the barren, yellow uplands almost
past their productive usefulness but one
thing was left for him to do. So his tim¬
bered lands were cleared, the logs rolled
in piles and burned, the bushes and sprouts
grubbed out ; then the soil was stirred
with a jumping shovel, bis corn dropped
by hand and covered with a hoe. Then
came a Summer’s warfare against weeds,
briars and sprouts, then the harvest, — the
stalks in the field, the grain in the crib,
and the crop was ready for the hogs. In
the meantime his pigs that were farrowed
the Fall before had been at liberty in the
woods, where they picked up a comfort¬
able living from the roots and mast, and
grew into good-sized shotes. ready to fas¬
ten on the corn that was given them. Thus
the season’s labors were converted into
cash.

Changing Conditions. — This was a
simple system of production and feeding,
and possibly under like conditions we would
not evolve a better one, but year by year
the farmer was making inroads on his
timbered land, the supply of mast was be¬
coming smaller, the fields that he first
cleared failed to produce as they once did,
and gradually he realized that he was face
to face with new conditions which he
must meet or surrender. There was no
more new ground to bring abundant har¬
vests, but he found that a little stable
manure had helped some of his old fields;
then he learned the use of commercial fer¬
tilizers, so that again lie was able to raise
fair crops of corn, but he missed the mast
for his shotes. He tried turning them
into the stubble fields, and that helped
lor a while, but when the binder came

quarters, and corn is made the main part
of their ration, although supplemented by
some kind of mill feed to make up the
right amount of protein, and in a few
weeks they are ready for the market.
Other farmers differ in certain details
from this system, but those who have been
most successful have followed methods
something similar to this in essential fea¬
tures, and the hog has generously re¬
sponded by lifting many a mortgage,
building many a home, and educating
many a boy and girl in southern Indiana.

Indiana. f. j. heacock.

“Is it true that you and Bliggins no
longer speak?” “Yes. He is one of those
hopelessly disagreeable people. He insist¬
ed on calling attention to how much bet¬
ter time his dollar watch keeps than my
two hundred dollar chronometer.” —
Washington Star.

The jackass to the camel said: “This
question answer me : How can you bear
that great, big lump so very patiently?”
“ ’Tis easy,” quoth the camel, “for I’ve
had it all my years. Just so your stupid¬
ness you bear and those long hairy ears !”
Fliegende Blatter.

Let Us Send You

Our Book.

about good wheel* and good wagons that will save
you a lot of work and make you a lot of money —the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

- and the -

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the best. More than one and
a quarter million* sold. Spokes united to the
hub. Can’t work loose. A set of our wheels will
make your old wagon new. Catalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 88, Quincy, Ills.

*****

,

Crop Bankruptcy

NEVER occurs

where StocKbridge Manures
are used

THE farmer who has his living to make and his
bills to pay will not depend upon the potential
or natural fertility of the soil to help him over
a tight place. Neither will he depend upon the
single element doctrine of fertilization, — viz., trying to find
out whether he can leave out any of the three leading in¬
gredients of plant food (viz., nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or
potash), or how little of each he can get along with. Such
a course will end in crop bankruptcy. No method has
yet been devised whereby we can determine the amount
of plant food in the soil. This year’s crop tells us what
it found, but not what was left for next year’s crop. Even
if the crop was a sure- guide, do we wish to leave the soil
the poorer for our having occupied and used it ? Sup¬
posing we do get a good crop this year without applying
potash, are we sure there is sufficient potash for next
year’s crop? The only safe plan for the up-to-date
farmer is to supply the crop with what it requires, and in
forms best suited to the crop, utilizing, of course, what
definite knowledge science has gained along this line.
It costs but a trifle more per acre to insure the crop by
applying the Stockbridge Complete Special Manures.

We are obliged to take great chances with the weather.
Why take unnecessary chances with the soil ?

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

RftWIfFD FERTILIZER COMPANY

L, ££ Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati
(Kindly address office nearest to you)

Harness

We sell custom made, oak-
tanned harness by mail. All
styles.Guaranteedtogivesat-
isfaetion or goods returned
at our expense and money
back. Illustrated catalogue
F and price list free.

The KING H ARNESS CO.
0 Lake St.

Owego. Tioga Co., N. Y.

wmm

Q (Sold with or without Elevator.)

For Every Variety of Work.

Have conical shaped grinders. Different
from, all others. Handiest to operate and

LIGHTEST RUNNINC.

7 »lze»— 2 to 25 horse power. One style for
windwheel use. ( Also make Sweep
Grinder*— Geared and Plain.)

P. N. BOWSHER, South Bend, lad.

21

years’
experience
building
high-grade
vehicles.

OUR *50 CHALLENGE

TOP BUGGY is? without question the greatest value ever
offered. We Challenge Any Factory in the World to
Produce Its Equal for $50. Sold on thirty days’ free
trial and a two years’ written guaranty furnished
with every buggy. Highest grade material,
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finish. light running.strictly “A” grade through¬
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catalogue to-day. telling you all about this won¬
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vehicle factory in the world. CONSUMERS CAR¬
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The Model Vehicles are built on the One Quality Plan, by a factory
making only one quality of buggies and that — the best.

One grade of materials, one class of Workmanship, and Price — that
is the ONE QUALITY PLAN in a Nutshell.

You will find it an immense advantage to buy The Model Vehicles
made on this plan and sold on One Month’s Free Trial direct to the
user. There is the quality consideration, the price advantage and
the further safeguard of a two year guarantee.

The Model Catalogue gives full details of the One Quality Plan
and shows how it will fit your vehicle requirements. Just a postal.
THE MODEL CARRIAGE and HARNESS CO., 171' W. Sixth St.. CINCINNATI, OHIO

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

255

KIEFFER PEARS IN MISSOURI.

W. R. Potosi, -l/o. — We have 800 as pretty
two-year-old Kieffer trees as you ever saw
and would like to plant 1,000 more if you
think that future market indicates a safe
investment. Our conditions are these : We
are in the Ozarks, ours is tine fruit land;
limestone, fine red clay subsoil, in places sur¬
face soil is gravelly. We have never known
Kieffer to blight; have one 20 years old,
from which we picked 12 bushels of beau¬
tiful pears last year. It has entirely failed
to fruit but once. The land we wish to plant
is high, has perfect air drainage, is not
suitable for apple or peach on account of
washing. It is so situated that Spring frost
never reaches it. It will not cost us to
exceed $5.50 or $(i per acre for trees and
planting. Land is in pasture, and I find that
the cows do not browse trees when the leaves
are off. If we can get 25 cents per bushel
upon trees it will he a good investment.

I do not believe it will pay to plant
Kieffer pears extensively here in Mis¬
souri. I should advise the man from
Missouri to plant Jonathan apples in¬
stead. L. A. GOODMAN.

Kieffer seldom blights before four or
five years old, but blights badly after that
age in south Missouri. I do not think
I would advise W. R. to set any more
Kieffer pears in the Ozarks. Better
set some hardy peach or apple. Sow land
in clover if it washes and cultivate around
trees by hoeing. geo. t. tippin.

If I had 800 Kieffer pears, with my
present organization and experience, I
would consider that sufficient quantity for
one man. In fact, we do not recommend
pears of any kind on a large scale. Our
experience is that they soon blight after
beginning to bear; then the price is al¬
ready low with our present small acre¬
age, to say nothing of the disaster that is
liable to overtake an orchard. They do
not bring as much on the market as our
better varieties of apples.

W. G. VINCENHELLER.

In general I would say no, plant no
more. It is a pear of very poor quality,
and it has been overrated, and over¬
planted. But knowing as I do how they
grow, in the Ozark country I would, in
the case you represent, advise the man to
continue to plant the Kieffer. On the
Ozark lands it is at least 35 per cent
better in quality, and also much larger,
than they grow in New Jersey, or in
Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where
I saw lots of them last Fall. One of
the most important questions in regard
to the growing of fruit, and one that
most fruit growers are only beginning to
learn, is the importance of location and
soil suited to each individual variety of
fruit. It is certainly a very great mistake
to plant the Kieffer pear largely in the
East, or the Ben Davis apple in the
Ozarks of Missouri. Our people are ex¬
cusable for planting them, for they do
quite well and bring paying prices.

N. F. MURRAY.

Pear blight is so prevalent and so de¬
structive in this western country that pear
planting is considered rather doubtful
business policy. A few growers have
been moderately successful in spite of
the blight, but many more have failed. I
think the few successes obtained have
been due rather to some peculiarity of
soil or location than to cultural methods,
though it seems to be pretty well estab¬
lished that blight is more prevalent in
cultivated than in uncultivated orchards.
One cannot decide as to the immunity of
his orchard at the age of two years. I he
blight rarely attacks the trees at that
age. It frequently holds off till the or¬
chard has borne one crop, and then
takes the whole thing. If one could be
insured against the ravages of blight, as¬
suming that his neighbors’ orchards would
continue to blight in the same old way,
I believe that the planting of pears, even
Kieffer pears, would be a profitable in¬
vestment. If your correspondent has a
location where he is sure Kieffer pears
will not blight, by all means advise him
to plant them. I am sure they will
never be grown plentifully enough in this
country unless some effectual remedy for
blight is discovered to make them too
cheap, and one need not fear fruit com¬
petition that has to come over a thou¬
sand miles of railroad. vv. d. cellar.

Harvester Talks to Farmers — No. 2.

The Steel and Iron Used in the Champion. Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee

and Plano Harvesting Machines.

N buying a harvesting ma- thus independent of such conditions, and you want a thing well done, you must do
chine — or anything else cannot be forced to pay these exorbitant it yourself.” The factory superintendent
for that matter— the prob- prices, but will have these supplies at at the Champion, the Deering, the Mc-
lem which confronts you the cost of producing them. This cost Cormick, the Milwaukee or the Plano
is to secure the best ma- will not vary except to the slight extent plant, knows for a certainty that every
chine for the money you that the cost of labor varies from year pound of steel and iron that goes into
pay_best not only in con- to year. the machines he manufactures is right,

venience, but in durability, in strength, The coal mines owned and operated absolutely right, of the highest grade and
in long service and substantiality. by the International Harvester Company free from flaw or defect. He knows also

The problem confronting the manu- consist of 21,532 acres in Harlan County, that it is laid down in the factory under
facturer who wants a permanent trade Kentucky, producing 15,000 tons of cok- his care at as low a price as it is pos-
is how to produce an article of the high- ing coal to the acre — a good 50 years’ sible to produce good steel and iron, for
est quality and yet sell it at a reasonable supply. the cost of its production has not been

price. He must keep his price down or The iron mines operated by the Com- affected by the speculative fluctuations
his trade suffers ; he must keep the pany are in the Hibbing district of the of the market and every labor-saving,

quality up or his reputation suffers. Mesabi range in Itasca and St. Louis money-saving, quality-improving device

This is especially true in dealing with Counties, Minnesota, and in the Central known to the art of steel-making has
the American farmer, for he is the most Falls district of the Menominee range in been employed in its production,
discriminating buyer in the world. He Sauk and Iron Counties, Wisconsin. This is only one example of the manu-
will not pay an extravagant price for They produce high grade ore of both facturing policy of the International

anything ; he will not take a shoddy ar- the Bessemer and non-Bessemer grade— Harvester Company. The constant aim

tide a second time, at any price. a supply of 35,000,000 tons. is to improve the quality of its product

Separately, the
manufacturers of
the Champion,
Deering, McCor¬
mick, Milwaukee
and Plano ma¬
chines could not
afford to own the
facilities for sup¬
plying the mate¬
rials in a raw
■state /or their
product, for such
facilities can only
be operated eco¬
nomically on a
large scale. The
combined product
of these plants,
however, is suf¬
ficiently large to
justify the owner¬
ship by the com¬
pany of the

in every possible
way. Not only its
steel, but its lum¬
ber and other ma¬
terials are produc¬
ed at first hand.

We contend that
this policy means
much to the farmer
who uses harvest¬
ing machinery, for
it makes possible,
and it is the only
way in which it is
possible — the pro¬
duction of a ma¬
chine of the high¬
est quality at the
lowest cost.

And that is what
you are looking
for. You cannot
afford to overlook
this question of

sources of supply of raw material, and The International Harvester Com- quality, durability, strength, long-life,

it was largely for the purpose of such pany’s steel and merchant bar mills are you can get this only in the Interna-

ownership that the International Har- in South Chicago, Ill. They cover an tional line, for the International Har¬
vester Company was organized. area of 50 acres, employ 1,500 men and vester Company is the only 'company

Take the matter of steel and iron as have a capacity of 900 tons daily. The jiaving complete facilities for manufac-

an illustration. The modern harvesting accompanying illustration gives a partial turing under modern conditions,

machine contains a good proportion of view of this big steel plant. It consists jke £act tkat cent 0£ t^e ^ar_

steel and iron, and in the past few years of two complete blast furnaces a con- yesti machines sold in this country are

the price of these commodities has va- verting mill, a blooming mill and a mer- , * Tntprnatinnal Harvester Corn¬
ed greatly. In times of commercial chant bar mill. . . _ „ pany’s manXtire-the fact that this

depression stocks of merchandise made \\ hen the ore is received from tie percerdage js increasing every year, is

of steel and iron in the hands of mer- mine it is first smelted, then converted £fett °d evjdence tjiat the wide-

chants throughout the country are al- into steel cast into steel ingots, reduced £wak keen discriminating American

lowed to run down to the lowest ebb to steel billets and rolled into various farmer is satisfied with its product.

possible, then when times improve these sizes of rods, flats and ovals required in . , , . _

stocks must be replenished quickly. This making harvesting machinery. His endorsement is wor i some hi g

sudden and enormous demand overtaxes This immense plant is admittedly one to y°u-

the facilities, and because of premiums of the best equipped steel plants in the At any rate, we ask every reader of

paid for quick delivery the prices of United States. It has every facility for this little talk to do this ;

iron and steel go abnormally high. At producing steel and iron of the highest Call on the dealer in your locality for

times steel soared so high in price that giade. It is manned by skilled and ex- catalogues and full information relative

numerous small establishments were pert workmen and every step in the pro- to the Champion, the Deering, the Mc-

forced out of business, and even man- duction of the metal parts of the Inter- Cormick, the Milwaukee or the Plano

ufacturers who had the spot cash to pay national machines is under the constant jn ur Qwn locality. Each dealer un-

for the goods were often unable to ob- and careful supervision of those who are derstands thoroughly the one line he

sells, and carries a complete stock of

tain steel and iron at the times they most interested in maintaining the high

most needed them. Owning its own sup- quality of the company’s product. . . tr> cL™

plies of iron and steel in the raw state This plant and its success is a strik- repair parts. He 1 be pleased to show
the International Harvester Company is ing illustration of the old proverb, “If you his particular line.

The International Harvesting Machines,

Champion, Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee and Plano

are used by 90 per cent of the grain and grass growing farmers of America. They are satisfied because they have received
full value for every cent spent for their machines. Their endorsement is worth something to you. I he>’ na\e leceive
greater value than they could get elsewhere because of the superior facilities for manufacturing and the common sense
policy of the International Harvester Company.

Remember, The International Lines are Represented by Different Dealers. See them tor catalogues.

Binders, Reapers, Headers, Header-Binders, Corn Binders, Corn Shockers, Corn Pickers, Huskers and Shredders, Mo ers,
Tedders, Hay Rakes, Sweep Rakes, Hay Stackers, Hay Balers, Knife Grinders, Gasoline Engines,

Weber Wagons, Binder Twine.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

A PERFECT SEED BED.

The only spring tooth harrow that always pleases is the one here shown. Best in con¬
struction, best in wear, nearest perfection in working qualities. It is the

LeVTooth 9 Harrow.

Frame ofangle steel bars with steel protecting shoe. Best adjust¬
ment of teeth for depth and clearance. Easy adjustment for dif¬
ferent soils. Teeth raised and carried on runners in transporting.
Draft central and direct, no side motion. With teetli hseing
plain or separate points. Seeing it work is to want it. Ask the
Syracuse dealer. If none in your town, ask us. Catalogue free.

SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW COMPANY,

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Syracuse

t

256

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25,

Pluralisms

rTTTTTTTTTTT>

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Seedless Fruits. — On another page
will be found description and illustrations
in natural size of Spencer Seedless ap¬
ple, now much exploited in the public
press. The wide publicity given the
Spencer apple in newspapers and period¬
icals bring to mind that seedless apples
have been known from the earliest times,
and have always been regarded as mere
freaks, quite destitute of value as edible
fruits. It appears that the quality of
these freaks has always been too low to
compete with esteemed varieties in culti¬
vation at the time. The Spencer apple
does not seem to be an exception to
this rule, though it may be the best of
its class. If one cares to plant it as a cur¬
iosity no disappointment may follow, but
there appears little foundation on which
to build expectations of commercial value.
There are many seedless varieties of the
various cultivated fruits, some of which
have long been accepted as the standard
of quality, but as a rule they do not
bear comparison with normal seed-bear¬
ing fruits of the same group. It may be
interesting to consider some of the best
known seedless varieties.

Seedless Oranges. — The Citrus fruits
have been long cultivated, and many odd
monstrosities have been developed, few
of which have any real value. Among
these are seedless lemons, oranges and
pomelos. The Washington Navel orange,
however, has become an important com¬
mercial variety, being grown most ex¬
tensively in California. It is large, hand¬
some, seedless, and a good keeper. The
quality is agreeable, but not high, and in
eastern markets it suffers in compari¬
son with many richly-flavored seed-bear¬
ing varieties from Florida, the West
Indies and Mediterranean countries.
When really good oranges of the ordi¬
nary type can be had, seedless navels are
scarcely salable. This variety has a ten¬
dency to ripen up its fruits in all stages
of growth, while seed-bearing kinds must
reach maturity before they color. Large,
fully developed navels are quite palatable,
but the undersized fruits are mighty poor
eating. The Washington Navel sometimes
produces seeds when the blooms are pol¬
lenized with other varieties, and attempts
to breed better quality kinds of the seed¬
less type have long been under way. No
marked success has yet been announced.

The Lincoln Coreless Pear. — This
much-boomed pear, practically seedless,
but not coreless, inasmuch as it retains
the carpels like the Spencer apple, is of
wretched quality, and is not considered
worthy of cultivation by some who have
fruited it. Certain fine pears, the An¬
jou, for instance, have few seeds, and
are better for their comparative absence,
but the good really seedless pear is not
yet in sight.

Seedless Forcing Cucumbers. — The
forcing or frame cucumbers, grown so
extensively in Northern Europe, are
seedless unless pollenized from staminate
blooms from the same or other varieties.
The pistillate blooms develoo into im¬
mense cucumbers of good quality without
contact with pollen of any kind. If seeds
are wanted the blooms are carefully pol¬
lenized by hand. The texture of the
seedless fruits is crisp, and the flavor very
tolerable, but many think the pollinated
fruits containing young seeds when taken
at the proper stage are better. Dilute hy¬
brids of Telegraph or other frame cu¬
cumber and While Spine — a profuse seed-
bearer — are unsurpassed in quality. These
hybrids do not usually produce well-
formed fruits unless pollenized and de¬
veloping seeds.

Grapes Without Seeds. — There are
doubtless many seedless grapes, but Sul¬
tana, Thompson Seedless and the Zante
or Currant grape only are of commercial
importance. All are varieties of the
Syrian grape, Vitis vinifera, and are
grown almost exclusively for raisins. The
Currant grape is one of the oldest raisin
grapes known, being described by Pliny
in the year 75 of our Christian era. The
bunches and berries are very small, the
latter being so closely packed as to look
like kernels of corn on a cob. The
flavor of the fresh grape is said to be
sweet and rich. The little seedless raisins
known in commerce as Zante or Greek
currants are sweet and have a peculiar
quality, different from all other raisins.
They are familiar in every household. The
Sultana grape is used for light-colored
or silvery seedless raisins, small in size,
acid and rather low in quality. Thomp¬
son Seedless makes raisins of quite simi¬
lar in appearance, but somewhat sweeter
and more agreeable in flavor. The. raisins
produced by the seedless varieties de¬

scribed are only used for cooking. Fine
dessert and eating raisins are all pro¬
duced by the seed-bearing Muscats and
closely allied Hungarian varieties. It
seems desirable to reduce the number of
seeds in our excellent native grapes, if
that is possible, but it is to be feared that
if seeds are eliminated quality will fall
off as with seedless Vinifera varieties.

The Bar-le-Duc Currant. — A variety
of white currant containing only one or
two seeds to the berry is grown in the
vicinity of Bar-le-Duc, a town in North¬
western France that has become a center
for the manufacture of fine fruit con¬
serves. This currant is claimed to have a
better flavor for preserving uses than the
ordinary seedy kinds. The Bar-le-Duc cur¬
rant preparations are exceptionally dainty,
but give the impression that gooseber¬
ries, raspberries and other fruits are com¬
bined with the currants to give special fla¬
vors. The Bar-le-Duc white currant is
said to be a good grower and very pro¬
lific. It is offered in this country by
one nursery firm, at least, and should be
worth a trial. We can spare some seeds
from most of our bush fruits if the
quality is not lessened. The currant
mentioned is a variety of true bush gar¬
den currant, Ribes rubrum, and not the
Currant grape.

Bananas and Pineapples. — In their
present long-cultivated state these im¬
portant tropical fruits are seedless. Both
increase rapidly under natural condi¬
tions by suckers and offsets. Seeds are
not at all necessary for reproduction.
Seeds are occasionally found in pineap¬
ples grown near wild plants having per¬
fect or pollen-bearing blooms, and pine¬
apple seeds are quite easily produced for
breeding purposes by artificial polleniza-
tion. The edible banana seems never to
produce perfect seeds, though traces of
seed germs may easily be found in the
ripe fruits. We do not know what the
quality of this important and delicious
fruit would be if seeds were commonly
present. Bananas certainly are good
enough as we now get them. The writer
has gathered and eaten the wild or prim¬
itive pineapple in the forests of Brazil.
Although the fruits when peeled were
scarcely larger than a good-sized straw¬
berry, they were ricn and delicious in
fl..or, though too sharply acid. These
wild fruits contained a number of brown
seeds about half the size of an apple
seed. The Florida Experiment Station
reports the wild pineapple as grown in
that State as small, coarse and sour. It
is not native to Florida.

Seedless Figs. — The fig "fruit” is pe¬
culiar in that it is really a fleshy hollow
branch or flower stem. The true fruits
are what we regard as seeds. The edible
portion is the fleshy wall and the trans¬
formed remains of the innumerable little
flowers contained within, each of which
should produce a seed or real fruit.
Many figs have imperfect blooms, and
cannot develop seeds unless pollen from
male or staminate blooms, borne on other
trees, is introduced through the small
opening at the free end of the young fig
at the proper time. This naturally occurs
by the aid of the Blastophaga, a small
wasp-like insect that develops m the
bloom of the male or Capri fig. When
covered with pollen the Blastophaga
crawls into the young figs of the pistillate
varieties in search of nectar, and thus
fertilizes the receptive blooms. Pollin¬
ation is sometimes performed artificially
bv blowing dry pollen from Capri fies
through a tube to the interior of the de¬
sired varieties. The result of thorough
pollination is always a great increase in
size and a most marked improvement in
quality, as compared with figs that have
received little pollen and have few or
no seeds. Seedless figs are always of
poor flavor, and in many instances scarce¬
ly edible. Such varieties are little es¬
teemed where normal ones can be had.

While a reduction of seediness in many
fruits might be advantageous, this brief
review seems to show that the elimination
of seeds in most cases is accompanied
by lowered quality. It appears fruit
breeders may more profitably seek im¬
provement in other directions, w. v. F.

still leads all others. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Rod Top, all Linds of Crass Seods, Flax, etc. Special hop¬
per for Crain. Sows 20 to 40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

FRFF NITRflRFN Why waste money on
I nLL 111 I nUULIli commercial fertilizers?
Air is four-fifths nitrogen. IjET JiA CTEHIA
G A 2’ 1 1 K It IT FOM YOU! Inoculate your soil
and seed with Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria.
Safe and easy— anyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, et ’ . One
treatment lasts for years 1 Half acre package $1 ;
one acre 81.50.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vt.

USE NITRO-CULTURE S.VZUr’S.E,'!

Culture Is a natural plant food, gathering germs
among plant roots, nourishes, invigorates, feeds the
plants, doubles the yield, makes poor soil rich. Free
Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OiL SO A T*.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
^PRAYINfi QPAR for Power Sprayers. Other Or-
01 ns I mu or «n, Chard Necessities. Write for
catalogue and prices. W.H. OWEN, Port Clinton, O.

Four Row
'Potato Sprayer

I Covers 30 to 40 aores per day.
Straddles 2rows, sprays 4 at
a time. Wheels adjust for dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays toauy
fineness, and gearing of pump to wheel of cart gives any
pressure desired. Automatic agitator and suction strainer
cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula book shows the famous Garfield, Umpire King,
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

F ield Force Pump Co., 2 11th St, Elmira, N. Y,

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY. |

Great cleaning attachment on per-
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
compresses air to spray W acre. We manu¬
facture the largest line in America of high
grade hand and power sprayers. Catalog free.
Write us If you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.,

268 State St., Rochester, N« Y.

%

%

Brass Sprayers Last Longest

And Are The Cheapest To Buy.

Price $3.fi0 and upward. Make your labor and invest¬
ment earn a good profit by destroying the insect pestsand
plant diseases which cause so much loss. These sprayers
may also be used for applying whitewash and cold water
paints, spreading disinfectants, cleaning wagons, curing
surface diseases on cattle, chickens, and many other
purposes. Sprayer* may be returned at our expense If
they are found defective. Send for catalogue.

DAYTON SUPPLY CO., Dayton. Ohio.

SPRAYERS

Barne, Pump Line. Single and
double acting. High-
grade Iron and brans,
bucket, Knapsaek, Barrel',.

Pumps, Nozzles and Aeeeaaorlea.

parts in contact with
-•.-Id are brass. Best and ,,
the most complete lino made.

Write today for free catalogue.

THE BARNES MFC. CO., Mansfield, i

Wey’s Sprayers

is Pumps. Guaranteed strongest and
best 4 and 6 gal. Compressed Air Sprayers on
market. Spray 25 ft. trees, potatoes, vines, etc.
T ested 60 lbs. pressure, 2safety valves. I n 2 sizes.

4 or 6 Cal. Calv. 85. 4 Cal. Copper, 87.

6 Cal. Copper, 98.00.

Catalog of Idstyles free. Mail orders direct.

RIPPLEY HOW. CO., Mfrs., Box 223, Grafton, III.

Henry F. Mitchell Co., Phil*. Pa., Eastern Agents.

SAL1MENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FO RM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

Around the World

“I have used your Fish
Brand Slickers for years
In the Hawaiian Islands
and found them the only
article that suited. I am
now In this coun try
(Africa) and think a great
deal of your coats."

(name on application)

HIGHEST AWARD WORLD’S FAIR, 1904.

The world-wide reputa- _

tlon of Tower’s Water- *»

proof Oiled Clothing \

assures the buyer of 3.
the positive worth of •" r _
all garments bearing ...ufk f

this Sign of the Fish. 4> ft

A. J. TOWER CO., Boston, U. S. A.

TOWER CANADIAN CO., LIMITED,
353 Toronto, Canada.

CORN FIELDS
ARE GOLD FIELDS

to the farmer who under¬
stands how to feed his
crops. Fertilizers for Corn
must contain at least 7

per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our books — they
tell why Potash is as necessary
to plant life as sun and rain;
sent free, if you ask. Write
to-dav.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York.

CQoi

INDRUROID

•ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Water Proof.
Climatic Changes I)o Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.

Can He Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can l»ut
It On.

No Odor.

Will Not Shrink or Crack.
Right iu Weight.

Does Not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE. PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R. N.-Y.

IT IS
LOADED

itb

AGENTS

ED

MEND-A-RIP'

kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

Does ell kinds
light and
heavy riveting

Save the Pricb or Itself
Many Times a Year. A PerfeO^
Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show It Moans a Sale. Agents
make from $8 to 1^15 a day, Ona
made 920 first day and writes So hurry
to him. Write for special agents’ prioe.

Foundry Co., Fredericktown, O.

Great Agents Supply House.

MACHINERY

Bide

Bent and cheapest.
Send for catalogue,

BOOMER & BOSCHERT
PRESS CO.,

118 Went Water St.,
filBACl’SK, tf. Y.

Hardie
Spray Pumps

are the fruit growers best |
protection against all In- 1
sects and diseases which !
attack fruit trees. The
Hardie Spray Pump is the
simplest, strongest, most I
durable and highest pres- 1
sure spray pump made
and "It works so easy."i
Send today for our free 1
book on Spraying giving I
all the best formulas and [
Information about how the successful fruit
growers make big money. Just a request on a I
postal will bring this valuable book.

HOOK-HARDIE CO.

X11 mechanic mr. HUDSON, MICH.

Pear affected by the San
Joae Scale which annual¬
ly destroy, 430,000,000
worth of fruit.

TH E PERFECTION SPRAYER

combines hand and horse power, and has both cart
and barrel. It’s simple, reliable, practical and dura¬
ble. Sprays everything; trees, potatoes, vines. Cata¬
logue. telling how to spray, and containing valuable
formulas, FREE.

THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

“Black

Diamond 99

FERTILIZERS

There is always a rush in the Fertilizer Business during' March and April

Order early and avoid it.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO-,

Middletown, Connecticut.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

257

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — The sun is making some
progress, and while there are still snowdrifts
in the yard two feet deep the hare ground be¬
gins to get its face through here and there
on the hills. The Alfalfa lield is rubbing the
snow out of its eyes early. I have been
watching the bare spots to see what the
Alfalfa is doing. I don't know how Alfalfa
ought to look under such conditions, but this
patch seems to me like a very thin new piece
in a very old garment. I find some plants
beginning to turn green under the dead tops,
and that seems to mean a partial stand at
least. Good ! We will see what Spring will
bring out. Having learned how to get part
of the seeding through we will feel encour¬
aged and attempt the whole thing. . . .

It is getting near time for spraying. There
is too much snow’ in our orchards yet for
good work, but we shall get ready. On the
young trees we shall first cut out the few in¬
side limbs that need to go, and then put
limoid and kerosene on with a brush. A live¬
ly man can paint over these little trees rap¬
idly. It hardly pays to spray* them, as more
than half the spray is lost. By brushing the
mixture over them we get it on rapidly and
save spray material, which is worth while on
our hills, far from water. I have some large
blocks of trees where few if any scale insects
are to be found. Will it pay to spray such
trees — “on general principles?” I think it
will pay to go over them carefully, and at
least put the spray on trees where any sus¬
picion of scale is found. I have found a
number of people who say that lime and sul¬
phur gave poor results on apple trees. While
the scale on the trees was held pretty well in
check, the fruit was quite badly spotted. I
do not find that lime and sulphur sprays or

which I have also tried, but those made in
this same way, from my regular rule for
doughnuts, we think are more satisfactory, as
they are not as tough ; the dough fries more
quickly and they keep moist longer, but I<
the raised ones are eaten hot they are very
palatable.”

I have eaten these pies and know that
they are calculated to make even the Hope
Farm man break a strong resolution and neg¬
lect baked apples. If there were not boy
readers of The It. N.-Y. I could tell how
some 40 years ago I would break down a door
and cheerfully take a good whipping in order
to get into the pantry where fried pies were
kept! That wouldn't do, however, but if any
man doesn't feel like making all his friends
a valuable present after eating this wonder¬
ful cross between a doughnut and pie timber
1 can only say that the New England blood
has all been worked out of his veins, and
that’s a serious calamity !

Horses. — I have a couple of colts that
ought, some day. to throw dust in the eyes of
Father Time. Beauty is now 3V6 years old,
not as large as I would like her. but well
shaped and full of spirit. Neither Philip nor
I care much for a fast horse, but a careful
neighbor is driving Beauty. She is hitched
beside a conservative old’ black horse and
driven double. The skittish young thing
doesn't think highly of (he slow methods of
her teacher, but being bitched firmly to Prof.
Black she simply has to go along with him.
She can show her fright at an auto, an en¬
gine or a can of paint, but that is about all,
for Prof. Black knows that these things are
harmless and goes calmly on. carrying Beauty
along with him. Beauty may alittde to him
as “beast” no doubt, yet 20 years from now
she will thank him for his kindly instruction.
Like other young sprouts, she finds restraint
irksome. Horses are high, yet there seems
slow sale for light driving horses. The de¬
mand is for large animals with greater power.

I want a good horse, sensible and strong, that
I can now and then hitch up with Frank for
double work, or drive alone on the road.
Beauty is too fast and lively for a steady old
farmer, and I shall sell her or trade her for
a larger horse with more power and less
speed. I think the autos have hurt this
larger class of horses less than the lighter
and speedier drivers.

spreads perfectly on the little apple twigs.
This wood is usually covered with a soft,
fuzzy growth, into which the lime and sul¬
phur does not always penetrate. The apples
grow out from these twigs, and if scales are
left there they or their children crawl on the
fruit and discolor it. M’y belief is that the
limoid and kerosene will do cleaner work on
these i.ruit-bearing twigs. Perhaps this is one
reason for the frequent statement that lime
and sulphur does better on peach than on
apple. ... I am well satisfied that the
soil of Hope Farm needs lime and I must use
more of it hereafter. Wood ashes and iron
slag have always given us results out of pro¬
portion to the amount of potash and phos¬
phoric add they contain. The ashes are one-
third lime by weight, and the slag nearly
half, and I think the lime did the business.
I expect to use lime around most of the trees
this year. If iron slag could be sold at a
fair price I would use it in preference to
other forms, but it costs too much. I am told
that in Germany and France this excellent
fertilizer is bought at $8 or $!) per ton.
Here we are exnected to pay .$10 to $20!
Wood ashes are good if you can get them un¬
der a sure guarantee, hut it seems to me
cheaper to buy the lime alone, and buy other
fertilizers separately. What kind of lime
shall we buy? I think quicklime is the cheap¬
est all things considered, but it. is hard and
disagreeable stuff to handle, and air-slaked
lime will probably suit most farmers better.
This year I am trying a new form of lime
called II-O or “hydra-oxide” of lime. I can
tell more about it after we have noticed re¬
sults, but I see no reason why it should not
pay to give lime a special preparation. I
intend to scatter tills lime on the sod around
the young trees, some distance away, and
work part of it into the soil.

Fried Pies. — Here is a characteristic let¬
ter from a western farmer’s wife :

“I wish to ask a favor. My husband is an
easterner (Providence, R. I.), and when he
was a boy his mother made ‘fried pies.’ As
I am a westerner I can't make them. Would
you please ask if some of the ladies would
give the recipe?”

Now here is a man who is falling into the
unfortunate habit of alluding to mother’s
cooking. That might lead to serious results
if he did not have a wise wife who goes at
the trouble in the right spirit. If mother
made “fried pies” there is no reason to be¬
lieve that the secret died with her, and so
this wife does well to try to analyze the
situation and learn how the pies are fried.
Aunt Jennie knows how to make a pie that
would cause the Czar to stop the war and
give his people all the rights that are coming
to them, if we could only get him to eat one.

I can t do better therefore than give her
recipe :

Fried Pies From Raised Dough. — “To
one pint of raised dough add one beaten egg,
one cup sugar, one tablespoonful melted but¬
ter, nutmeg or cinnamon for spice, as pre¬
ferred; flour enough to roll out. Roll thicker
than ordinary pie crust, so it will not break
apart ; cut out piece as large as a small sau¬
cer, roll back and forth until a little longer
than in width, put as much pie meat, or thick
(not waterv) apple sauce (in which has been
grated a little nutmeg or cinnamon), as it
will conveniently hold, in center; fold over,
bring edges together, turn in or crumple, so
Ailing will not get out. Fry in hot fat like a
doughnut. I am very sure this is the old-
fashioned kind that my mother used to make,

Beating Oi.d Farmers. — I hnve a letter
from a man who asks about chemical fer¬
tilizers for potatoes. He wants to plant a
large acreage at once, and says:

“If this fertilizer will help to make half
the showing claimed in pamphlets, it will he
pie for me at the same time. I want to
make some of my neighbors look like 30
cents; they look wise and get a 2 x 4 smile
on their faces, as much as to say : ‘Another
city man with fangle-dangle ideas.’ No
fertilizer for them: two-thirds of them never
saw an agricultural paper, and wouldn't read
them. If they did would sneer and believe
nothing; they think they know it all."

If our friend will take advice from one who
has had some little experience I will give it.
Don t tell these old farmers that you are
going to make them “look like 30 cents" until
you are dead sure of the resemblance. Those
md farmers have a way of getting a full
dollar s worth for 30 cents that upsets the
most careful theory and the most elaborate
plan. i< com my experience I should start out
to show them how to farm with a most hum¬
ble spirit, and be prepared to turn one cheek
alter another to them until I had them heaten
so clearly that a blind man could see it.

As to the use of fertilizers there is no
doubt but that a well-balanced mixture of
fertilizers will provide the food for a good
potato crop. That isn’t the whole story. You
must have strong and vigorous seed, soaked
to clean off the scab, well planted in mellow
soil that contains a fair amount of humus
I he crop must be eultivaled and spraved and
bandied with judgment in order to get vour
money back from the fertilizer. The chances
are that if you were to plow up a lot of
raw, inferior land and let hired men plant
your potatoes, without interest in the crop
you would look more like 30 cents than the
old farmers. You must remember that the
large potato crops reported in fertilizer
pamphlets are grown by successful farmers of
long experience. Such crops are grown in a
rotation following corn and clover. It is a
very different thing to plow raw land and
use fertilizers heavily. The rotation fits the
soil for the potato crop. These things should
be clear lv understood bv those who undertake
to use fertilizers heavily for the first time
As to fertilizers being “pie" for you. it won't
taste like one of Aunt Jennie’s fried pies
until you know how to use it. Experience is
“pie.” but it takes much frying of spirit to
produce it. H w

\\ hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-T . and you 11 get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

Plow the Hard Spots with

Chase’s Patent
Plow Attachment

You can quickly and easily adjust your plow for an
condition of soil without stopping the team Mam
factured by ALONZO OH ASK, Palmyra, N. Y.

Liberal Commission to Agents Send for Circulars

COMBINATION DRILL SSUftesgftSS

for illustrated catalogue and prices.

BACON MFU. CO., .Pontiac, Mich,

IWO/VfV

at 4 Pet Cent

FOUR per cent and absolute
safety is better than a
much higher rate with the
element of risk added — the
Union Savings Bank can pay 4
Per Cent with absolute safety
because of the exceptional op¬
portunities for inv< stment in
this great industrial district of
Pittsburgh.

A handsome booklet describing
the bank and its system of bank¬
ing by mail will be sent free on
request.

Department H booklet
is the one to ask for.

The UNION
SA VINGS
BANK

Capital $1 ,000,000

Frick Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.

Fertilizer! Drill

Handles All

Commercial

Fertilizers

wet or dry,
coarse or line.
Positive feed, no
choking, no
skips.

For

Broadcast

Too-dres¬
sing or Drilling

in Rows.
Spreads to
width of 5 ft.
10 inches, 200
to 4000 lbs.
acre.

Broad tires.no rutting. Quick changes from drill¬
ing to broadcasting also for thick and thin spread¬
ing. Furnished with shafts or tongue. Write for
descriptive circulars and testimonials.

Spoolal Largo Size, Sows 8 Feat 3 Inches Wide.

Bo* 75

Belcher & Taylor A. T. Co.,

Chicopee Falls, Mass.

A 5 ton Scale for $15.00.

$15.00 cash, and $5.00 per month, before >
pay for the best Five Ton Farm and Stock f

Has beam box,
beam without
forced double
Bteel levers, cop¬
less pivots and
form 15x8 ft. and
tee from

ouknow It will
cale ever made.

brass compound
weights, re in-
trussed rolled
per plated rust-
bear i ngs, plat-
a written guaran-

HE PAYS THE FREIGHT”. Extra Induce¬
ments for full cash. Buy now and let your scale pay for
itself. Write on a postal “Send facts abouttimeand cash
offer on wagouscales.” Mail it to Box 252

• ■a JONES OF BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, N. Y.

ACME

SIZES

3 to 13>£ feet

Agents

Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and leveler*

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.
Made entirely of cast
. steel and wrought iron
■£— indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.
5TTf:;;isi:wsk ‘Aalde&l Harrow” by
Henry Stewart sent free*

I deliver f. o. b. at New York,Chic*s:o, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer^ Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 lO W. Washington St., CHICAGO. 240-244 7th Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St..
KANSAS CITY. MO. 216 10th St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS. OHIO.

PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER. ’

2 A

One

Planet lr. Garden Tools enabl0 y?tld-°,<.l0.uW,0 y<?nr garden, yet lessen _

scri8h!^^i^ Ca^og— to^estTmndbook* of gardm^toota” eyer^raSlBhed ^ FuU^

scribes entire Planet Jr. line, including seeders, wheel hoes, hand and wlllii g cult vatorV arrows
mie and two-horse ruling cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc ’ narrow8’

No. A Combined Seeder i8 alni°st unlimited in its usefulness. It

hThb?XmV de^lf cliailKed in=1* llghi^

No. 12

No 4.
Combined
Drill

Double Wheel Hoe

is a wonder In hoeing, cultivating, plowing. Works to or from
vplants, between or astride rows; furrows; ridges; kills
w weeds. Parts instantly adjusted. A

Be sure to get the catalog.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1107V
Philadelphia, Pa.

Ho. 13
Double
Wheel
Hoe

JOHNSTON

-STEEL HAY

TEDDER

|Wi|P

The Right Kind of a Kicker

meets every demand of a haying tool to properly cure
hay. “Stirs it up” — lets in the sunshine, sothatno
matter how heavy or how wet, the hay will dry quickly,
color evenly and retain all of Us goodness. The John¬
ston does the work right— does it rapidly. Works
without jar. with the least possible friction and con¬
sequent wear. Does the work just as it should be dime
with least expenditure of power and hand labor and
with greatest comfort to the operator. The steel con-
struction makes the machine light, compact, durable
to the limit. We do not claim that this machine will
not wear out. We hope to sell you others. Because
of that hope, we build to please you always. We do
guarantee that the Johnston Tedder will last as long
or longer than any other machines of the same kind.
Our free catalorue gives all technical points and
Illustrates the line given the Grand Brize, highest
award, at St. Louis, Mo., 1904. Write for it today.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.. BOX C-1 BATAVIA, H. T.

NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS

cut forest, ms Ltoutue- Action Cutaway

true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day.' His
Uisk I low cuts a furrowo to 10 in. deep, ,14 In.wide

... All these machines will kill witch — “■

i grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
J hack sunflower, milkweed, thistle
’jorany foul plant. Send forclr’lars.

CUTAWAY HARKOY7 CO.,

Higganum, Conn., H. S A.

DoLOACH DAT

Avoid Imitators and Infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H.P. and up. Shingle-
kPlanlng, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hav
^Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight^
^DeLoach MillMfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlauta,Ga

n g.

5

AW MILL

258

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 25,

Live Stockand Dairy

WHY THE PULLETS MOULTED.

Two years ago I sent to a breeder of White
W.vandottes for eggs, and hatched the same
about May 10, and yet the pullets moulted
in the Fall ; consequently I did not get any
eggs till Spring. 1 then sent to Tennessee
for a year-old cockerel to mate with the pul¬
lets, which was guaranteed to he bred from
200-egg strain. Last Spring I did not have
any hatched out earlier than the last of
April, and these also moulted in the Fall,
October and November, only two laying at
this date. Their feed as chicks was cracked
wheat and corn and mash composed of ground
corn, oats, shorts and meat meal. They were
a healthy lot of chicks, as I don't remem¬
ber losing but two out of about 40. They
have free range. What is the trouble that
causes them to moult when only five months
old? Some breeders claim that if properly
fed they should lay at six months old.

Gambler, Ohio. a. s.

The inquirer has struck something new,
at least to me. I never experienced or
heard of such a thing as pullets moult¬
ing in the Fall before they had laid. If
pullets are hatched early enough to begin
laying in August or early September, and
lay out the first clutch of eggs before
cold weather they will frequently, but not
always, moult, and if they do of course
formation of a new set of feathers is
all they can be expected to do for the
next two or three months. Pullets shed
their tail feathers a few weeks before
they begin laying, and I always take

that as a sure sign that they will lay
soon, but that is very different from a
general moullt. Some poultryme,n, to
make hens moult early, practice putting
them on short rations for awhile until
they have about stopped laying, then

feeding extra well, claiming that this
will start them to moulting. Now, it

occurs to me that maybe A. S. has

perhaps unconsciously done this very
thing. When the hens have about stopped
laving in the Fall, and the growing pul¬
lets eat like hogs, and the outgo for grain
far exceeds the income from eggs, it is
very natural to shorten up some on the
feed, especially if the fowls have free
range. Then, realizing that won’t do if
the pullets are to lay early, to feed extra
well for a while to make up for the defi¬
cient period. This would produce just
the conditions to cause the moulting he
mentions. Whether this is the cause of
his pullets moulting of course I do not
know, but it is the only reason I can
give. GEO. A. COSGROVE.

LARGE BREEDS vs. SMALL ONES.
Do Big Birds Eat More.

lias any experiment station or breeder ever
made an exact comparison of White Leg¬
horns with W.vandottes or Plymouth Rocks to
see if Leghorns eat less, and if so with -what
result as to amount of food consumed and
eggs produced?

We have made no comparison between
breeds of birds. I feel very sure from
observation, however, that the Leghorns
do not consume so much food as the Wy-
andottes and Rocks. I wish I could give
you more definite information.

Maine Exp. Station. G. m. gowell.

I have bred Leghorns, both Browns and
Whites ; have also bred Wyandottes and
Plymouth Rocks, and I have found that
the Leghorns consume as much food as
the Rocks or Wyandottes, and as layers
take them the year round the White Ply¬
mouth Rocks excel them all. I have
tested this thoroughly, and know the
above to be facts. u. b. fishel.

Bartholomew Co., Ind.

No experiments have been made at
this Station in which Leghorns were di¬
rectly compared with WyandoCtas and
Plymouth Rocks . Very few experiments
are on record where satisfactory com¬
parison has been made. In the majority
of feeding experiments with laying hens
that are reported Leghorns were chiefly
used. At the Utah Experiment Station
direct comparison was made in one or
two experiments between Leghorns and
Plymouth Rocks with results in favor of
Leghorns. Less food was consumed by
the latter. I am sure you will find that
Plymouth Rocks or Wyandottes of stan¬
dard size will consume on the average
per fowl more food than Leghorns, al¬
though less per pound live weight. Good¬

sized Leghorns, when laying heavily may
eat more than some strains of the Wy¬
andottes and Rocks of small size, espe¬
cially when the latter are moderate lay¬
ers. At times for periods of several
weeks, Leghorn hens have eaten more
than did hens of twice their size, both on
the same ration and in full laying, but
this did not hold generally nor on the
average. I do not think you will find
more than temporary exception to the
rule that the larger hens will consume
more food, but less per pound live weight.

w. P. WHEEI.ER.

Geneva Experiment Station.

I have a bulletin now in press at Utah,
which among other things gives a great
deal of data on .the point you mention,
namely, the relative amounts of food
eaten by different breeds of hens. We
have found in our experiments that the
average flock of Leghorns will lay more
eggs on a given amount of food than
the larger breeds. The experiments on
which this is based extended over a num¬
ber of years with a great many different
pens of fowls. At the prices of food in
Utah the Leghorns ate from 60 to 75
cents’ worth of food per hen during the
year; the Wyandottes 80 or 90, and the
Plymouth * Rocks from 90 to $1.

Montana Station. james dryden.

We are conducting at our Station at
the present time an egg-laying contest,
in which five different breeds have been
entered ; viz., Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Light
Brahmas, Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds
and White Wyandottes. This contest
started November 1, and will be contin¬
ued for one year. Trap-nest records are
being kept, and also records of amount of
food consumed. Each pen consists of
six females and one male. It is not pos¬
sible as yet to state definitely regarding
the point concerning which you inquire.
From the results of the first few months
I have been unable to note very great
difference in the amount of feed con¬
sumed. The Leghorns apparently when
laying heavily consume as much as the
larger breeds. g. c. wheeler.

Kansas Station.

The New York Experiment Station
supplies the following standard for egg
production : Digestible nutrients per day
per each 100 pounds live weight; hens
three to five pounds each, 5.50 pounds;
hens five to seven pounds each, 3.30
pounds. So you see the quantity of food
varies with the size of the fowl, more
food being required by the larger bird,
but much less per pound of weight. We
breed Wyandottes, also White Leghorns.
Our Leghorn pens contain 15 hens and
one cockerel, weighing about 80 pounds;
our Wyandotte pens, 12 hens and one
cockerel, about 95 pounds. We feed each
pen exactly the same quantity of food,
and that is about 4V2 pounds per day,
so you see we do not feed our Leghorns
as much per bird as our Wyandottes.
Our best egg results have always been
from our Leghorns; they are /the easier
birds to handle in large numbers that we
know of, are active and do not take on
fat easily, and stand a certain amount
of improper feeding .that a Wyandotte
Will not. A. G. BROW-N.

Ocean Co., N. J.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

Cf'f'P $1 for If) $2 for 40, thoroughbred Brahmas,
toOu Rocks, W. and Buff Wyan., Leghorns and Reds.
14 varieties. Catalog. S. K. Mohr. Coopersburg, Pa.

DDCn COD cmc - Our Barred Rocks 1 ay 356 to
DllCU run CUUOl 27S eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding. Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. K. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, Ill

Buff, Wyandotte Eggs for
sale. $1 for a setting of 15,
or $4 a 100. Chas. I. Miller,
R.F.D.No. 1, Hudson, N.Y.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns, Black MinorcaB White Wyandottes. White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock

LOCUST FARMS. Eatontown, N. J.

90

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. GO p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J A. BERGEY.Bor 8,Telford.Pa,

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per GO. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.

Rp Blk Minorcas. Wh. Brown and Bf Legs. Bar.

> Ui Rocks, Wh.i Bf.Wyandottes, Reds,Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders. Pk Ducks. Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO . B.. Delaware. N. J.

PLEASANT VIEW POULTRY YARDS. Breeder
r of White Wyandottes and R. C. Buff Leghorns.
Eggs from Prize Winning Stock $2.00 per setting
$6.00 and $8.00 per 100.

ARTHUR MELBOURNE, Naugatuck, Conn.

For horses, cows, hogs, sheep
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind,, Nashville, Tenn„ Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

WHITE SPRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
In one year. Lucretia 3d, 506. 4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 o
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rubai, New Yorkkr in writing.

Noth. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to S300, also several mature bulls.

THERE IS MONEY IN

Our Improved Large English Berkshires

and it’s easy got out. They’re the long, broad, low
down kind that get big quick. Send for circular de¬
scribing our stock and farm. Get your order in early ;
we have run short of stock every spring for the last
five year*.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg. Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 nos., mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. W rite for
prices and description Return if not
satisfactory; w" refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Erclldpun, Chester Co., Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBKOOK FARMS, Bernardsville, N. J.

BERKSHIRES

if the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
irices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Kentucky Jack Farm,

A tine lot of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

J IE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City Kentucky.

FIFTY BLACK MAM¬
MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad¬
dle stallions all registered or
subject to registry. Cur prices
are as low as any tirm will make
them giving a responsible guar¬
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J. F. COOK & CO..

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of JACKS and JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special bargains. Address,

BAKER’S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind.

HIGH CLASS

PERCHERON AND FRENCH
Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
Pups. E.S. AKIN, AuDurn. N.Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
^ trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Oincinuatus, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding "Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

Leghorn, S.C. White and Buff and White

nnrL0 Great Layers and Prize Winners. Eggs, $2
llUlmO per 15; $8 per 1U0. A fair hatch guaranteed.
JOS. ANTHONY, R. 4, East Berlin, Pa.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Send for circular.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers'
Pricts. K. B. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5; F.ggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41. Weedsport, N. Y.

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar¬
red Kocks,White andSilverWyandottes; hardy,
prolific, farm bred. pure stock. For BIRDS, moderate
prices, or ^GGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTER
SHERMAN ,‘25 Boulevard, Middletown, R. I.

I 1GHT BRAHMA COCKERELS, PRIZE STOCK.
L C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanf ordville, N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN -FRIES I A NS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 145 to select from. A"imals of both^sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

Registered HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old; large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeEorest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

FOR SALE

stock.

-Purebred Holstein-Frieslan Bull
Calves and registered and record
Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

um QTEIM Dill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlCin DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed In Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rilton, Ulster Co,. N.Y.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing batter cows. Stock and prices right.
E, C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

Frickason 34975

Weight 750 lbs. A choico Individual. SIRE— Mutual
Friend 3ds Paul, sire of 6 A. R. O. daughters, by Paul
DeKol, and out of Mutual Friend 3d. 22 lbs. 13ozs.
Milk testing 4.27 per cent. DAM, 13 lbs. 2.1 oz. at 3
years. Milk testing 3.5 per cent. She by Gelche 4th’s
Hamilton, sire of 3 A. R.O. daughters. Hewillplease
you. Will be sold cheap. "Oakland Farm ”

T. A, MITCHELL, Weedsport, N. Y.

Sale

CHOICE REGISTERED JERSEY BULL CALF,
Beautiful Heifer Calf, Two Berkshire Sows and one
Boar Pig. W. F. McSP ARRAN, Furniss. Pa.

Hogistoroci Jerseys

9 Heifers, 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. 8t.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service; at farmer’sprlce.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

ii

QUALITY.

Registered Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and for sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station
Satisfaction guaranteed. E. W. Mosher, Aurora. N.Y

AYRSHIRES

A few first-class cows and young stock, Prices rigid.
Correspondence solicited, Maple Row Stock Farm,
Cherry Creek, Chaut. Co., N. Y. F. H, Cookinghain.

For Sale at Farmer’s Prices

If purchased at once — Thoroughbred, Registered,
Ayrshire hulls and Bull Calves. For prices and
particulars, address,

Manager, Hilltop Farms, Littleton, N. H.

COWS FOR SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
li6Skd in lots of ten, f. o.h. „ . . „

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, Is. 4 -

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalla.N Y.

0. I, C.

Sixty fall and spring O. I. C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber
land Farm, Gettysburg, l’t*.

CHESTER WHITE

Both O. I. C. and Todd strain
Standard bred pigs for sal
Honest dealing my motto. M. !
Bowersox,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co.

IMPROVED URGE YORKSHIRES KTSSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

SO— GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

Write for prices for best bred and finest BULL CALVES In America. Fine show anima’s one month
to one year old. Sire contains one-half the b’ood of Katy SPOFFORD CORONA, the World's Champion
Heifer In her class. In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS, America’s leading strain for 22 years. ENGLISH BEKKaHIRES
Long Distance ’Phone. E. H. KNAFF Hi SON, Fabius, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

259

HOWTO DISHORN CATTLE.

What is the best method, of dishorning
oattle? If horns are removed with saw or
clippers when should it be done? .Is it prac¬
tical to stop the growth of horns on calves by
the use of caustic potash, or to remove the
small horns with a knife? w. b.

Perryville, N. Y.

How can I dishorn a young calf? It is
nearly two weeks old now, and will suck until
four weeks old. I think caustic potash is
used. Do you dampen the place, then rub the
caustic on it? r. m. k.

Ludlow, Ky.

The easiest and simplest way to re¬
move horns is to use caustic potash on
the young calf, just as the embryo horns
are appearing. One can get the potash
sticks at any drug store. The little ten¬
der button should be wet, and a little
potash rubbed on the moistened surface
of the horn points until sufficient caustic
has been transferred to the moisture. It
may be necessary to give more than one
application, but the calf will not mind.
The horns may be cut off with a knife
if desired, but it is easier to use potash,
clippers or saw. If the horn has any
special development of importance, then
it must be removed by clipping or saw¬
ing. I have used the clippers on young
animals 12 to 18 months’ old, and have
removed the horns so suddenly they have
not realized what was happening. The
clippers should be placed well down about
the base of the horn, and placed diago¬
nally so as to take off the horn true all
around, including on its butt a ring of
about a half-inch of skin. If the horn is
not cut down low, then in time conspicu¬
ous knobs will most likely develop. In
cutting, the horn should be removed
slanting toward the poll, so as to give as
nearly a polled appearance as possible.
Dishorning clippers are made very strong,
so that they will readily remove old and
hard horns. However, if one lacks the
clipper then the saw is the next best
thing, and some even prefer this to the
clipper. There are people who say that
they are unable to place the clipper near
enough to the head to cut the horn
off as close as it should be. If a saw is
used, it should be a fine-tooth boxing
saw, or butcher’s saw with stiff back. In
this case, the same policy must be pur¬
sued to cut down good and close on the
head as recommended in using the clip¬
pers.

Methods of fastening cattle in dishorn¬
ing differ. Professional dishorners in
the West go about with a stanchion and
crate arrangement, in which the cattle
are driven and placed so tight that strug¬
gling is very limited. Then the head is
fastened so that no movement is possi¬
ble, and the horns are sawed off with
strong, quick strokes, keeping the blade
going in the direction wanted. John M.
Jamison, of Ross Co., Ohio, gives the
following description in Breeders’ Gazette
of 1903, of a dishorning chute, which is
as follows:

Length and height six feet by three and
a half feet wide at top in front end, and
four and a half feet wide at top in back end.
The bottom board is 12 inches wide and two
inches thick. Seven cleats one and one-half
inch thick are nailed on top of it to keep the
animal from slipping. The board on the left
side with rope in it is to hold the nose, and
is nailed on the frame three feet four inches
from the bottom. The holes through the
plank are bored four Inches from each side
of the plank and one inch from the end of
the cage. Three crosspieces two hy four
inches are put under the bottom of the cage,
and of sufficient length to keep cage from
tinning over when in use. The upright
pieces on the sides of the cage are two hy
four inches and are bolted to the bottom
cross-pieces. They are fastened across the
top of two pieces to each set of uprights
bolted on. An upright lever is bolted to the
bottom cross-piece at the front end of cage
at one side of the bottom, -the top end play¬
ing between the pieces bolted on each side
of uprights and held in desired place with
an iron pin when holding the animal. When
the horns are off it is thrown back and the
animal allowed to go out towards front or
back out, as size will allow. Three hand¬
spikes are used. One passes through the
cage back of the animal, one over its neck
and one through the rope on the opposite of
plank from nose.

The accompanying illustration below
is reproduced from the Gazette, showing

something of the construction. Mr. Jami¬
son states that thousands of animals have
been dishorned in this chute, and all sizes
of cattle may be handled in it.

After dishorning the blood will spurt
from about the stump, and a cavity shows
where the horn was. The bleeding will

do no harm, even if considerable blood is
apparent. It will soon stop. A bit of
warm pine tar may be painted over the
wound. This is healing, and in Summer
repels flies. Ordinarily the wound will
heal up rapidly without special trouble.
Any common coal tar, sheep dip or cre-
oline, diluted in water one to 50 will
serve as a good antiseptic wash if fur¬
ther treatment beyond the pine tar is
needed. In Summer, during fly season, it
is important to watch and keep the wound
well disinfected to prevent maggots oc¬
curring. Dishorning may be performed
at any time of the year, but the most ob¬
jectionable period is during fly season.

The operation is not as bad as some
think. Years ago, when connected with
the Tennessee Experiment Station, I had
a number of animals dishorned. Prior to
the operation a veterinarian took the tem¬
perature and pulse of the animals, and
again right after it, and no disturbance
was noted. Usually dishorned animals
soon go to eating without more ado than
perhaps shaking the head a bit, and many
do not even do that. Dishorning has
come to stay, and a large per cent of the
cattle now shipped into the Chicago
yards are hornless. Western feeders do
not like horns. c. s. plumb.

“SOFT-SHELLED ” EGG DISEASE .

A few Winters ago while the hens were
laying heavily, there came about almost an
epidemic of soft shelled and broken-
ended eggs. My wife protested daily that
it was interfering with our shipments and
affecting our profits, and in fact the matter
soon became so serious I wrote to Dr. P.
T. Woods, giving him in detail the meth¬
od of caring for the flock. His reply ap¬
proved our management and advised as a
remedy 10 drops of corn smut (Ustilago
maydis) in a pint of drinking water. With¬
in a few days the difficulty had passed, the
eggs resuming their normal condition.
Since that time we have used this remedy
sucessfully, and if we locate a biddy lay¬
ing a double-yolked egg she is treated to
a dose always ready in a little oil can and
it has not failed to effect a cure. The
cause of soft-shelled eggs is a disordered
condition of the oviduct and when eggs
are selling at 30 to 40 cents per dozen it
pays to keep this oviduct in first class
order. f. c. c.

North Carolina Hens. — Allow me to ex¬
press my appreciation for “The Business
Hen." I am studying it. and expect to try
to graft some of the good things taught in
it on our little flock of scrub pullets — yes,
about ltl or 18 typical scrubs of all colors,
sizes and shapes, roosting in the trees every
night, and though it has been snowing, sleet¬
ing, raining or freezing continually for tiyo
months, this little flock has given us
more than 50 dozen eggs since November 1,
fed on corn and peas — not a thing more.
I’erhaps I should make an apology for this
poor treatment. Wife and I are young —
just moved to “ourselves” last Summer, prac¬
tically in the woods. We got everything
comfortably housed before Winter except the
poultry. Usually our Winters are so mild
that poultry do not need much housing, some¬
times not enough snow to cover the ground,
but this is a record breaker, the most cold,
snow and sleet we ever saw. r. l. w.

Pinnacle, N. C.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal,” See guarantee, page 18.

Get ALL
the Butter
Ou t of
Your Milk

If you don’t get all the
butter out of your milk
you don’t get all the profit
out of your cows. You can
not get all the butter out of your
milk by the old-fashioned way of skim¬
ming, but you can with a

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

It skims to a trace and is the
easiest to run, easiest to wash,
durable of all separators.
6aves its cost the first year.
Seud to-day fur our book 50 which
proves that you need a N utional

Monthly Payment Plan

When desired, the National Sepa-
cau be purchased ou our
easy payment plan. This plaa
requires no payment until the
Separator has proven its worth
after five day s’ trial. Then cuuies
a small cash payment; the bal¬
ance iu easy monthly instalments.

National Dairy Machine Co.
Newark, N. J.

Western Airenta:
Industrial ('«.,
8t., Chicago, 111.
Desirable agent* wanted in
unoccupied territory.

A 30 years test
Pratts Animal Regulator.

Mad* by Pratt Food Co., Pbila. Over 20 year* old.

SOME FACTS ABOUT
FARM CREAM SEPARATION

What the BEATRICE CREAMERY COMPANY, of Lincoln,
Neb., the biggest, greatest and most successful creamery
concern in the world, has to say of the De Laval Cream Sep¬
arators and Farm Separation :

“ The De Laval Hand Separator will make the farmer double the
money over the old way of handling milk and will prove twice as dura¬
ble as the so-called ‘just as good ’ hand separator.

“ We have sold over 15,000 De Laval separators since we inaugu¬
rated the Hand Separator system in the West, and we expect to add
5,000 more to this number during 1905.

“ We are now operating over 600 separator cream receiving stations,
with an agent at each point pleased to call on the farmer and explain
how quickly he can pay for a De Laval Separator from what he is losing
by dairying in the old way.

“ We have paid as high as 25 and 30 cents per pound for butter fat
each winter since 1900, and the future looks brighter for dairying than
ever before.

“ We have 20,000 satisfied patrons receiving our cream checks regu¬
larly, and at a low estimate will pay out over Three Million Dollars for
cream during the year of 1905.”

What the Beatrice Company is doing, more than 2,000
other creamery concerns are doing on a comparatively smaller
scale, everyone with satisfaction and success. Scarcely a suc¬
cessful creamery concern anywhere is today attempting the use
or sale of other than De Lava/ machines. Nearly all who
have tried other machines have either changed to the DE
LAVAL or abandoned the handling of separators.

The De

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street)
PHILADELPHIA
9 & II Drumm St,.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

Laval Separator Co.

General Ofiices:

74 Cort/andt Street,

NEW YORK.

121 Youvllle Square
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot- Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

An Inflamed Tendon

NEEDS COOLING

ABSORBINE

Will doit and restore the circulation,
assist nature to repair strained, rup¬
tured ligaments more successfully than
Firing. No blister; no hair gone; and
you can use the horse. 82.00 per bottle
'delivered. Book 2-11 Free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind $1.00
Bottle. Cures Strained Torn Liga¬
ments. Cures Varicose Veins. Allays
pain quickly. Genuine manufactured only by

W. F, YOUNG, P.D.F,, 88 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass.

Iai>9 All Dllll oios. old, solid color,
UClScV DUII very lino, good size, (lams

Gutter record, 22 lbs. in 7
days, sire’s dam, 24 lbs. in 7days. 3 Bull Calves 6 weeks
old. Dams’ butter record, 16 to 22 lbs. in 7 days.
Sire same as above. Price low for quality.

Ira P. Watson, Fredonia, N. Y.

L. E. OUTIZ, General manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GULDEN FERN’S LAD out of Im¬
ported cows.

Specialty Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard- Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTK8.

HU Correspondence solicited.

WEDNICV FARM, White Plains, N, V.

The Drown Iron Cow Stall

All the rage. Beat in the world. Used
In th FINEST state, government and pri¬
vate dairy bariiH In the U. 8. Seud for
beautiful circular to KING A WaLKKR
CO., Madison, Wisconsin. Dept. N.

« ■ | Steel frame, round. Preserve por¬
tly I ^9 fectly, hist long All convenience.

— Special rates to clubs and granges.

International Silo Co., Dept. B., Jefferson, O.

Pot Bellied

Calves

are neither pretty nor profitable.
This condition arises from over¬
feeding, causing gas to accumu¬
late in the stomach with accom¬
panying indigestion, constipation
and scours. It is remedied by

DR. HESS
Stock Food

the old reliable digestor and con¬
ditioner.

Dr. Hess Stock Food is not a
condimental food, but a scientific
stock tonic and laxative, the fa¬
mous prescription of Dr. Hess
(M. D., D. V. S.), that tones up
the organs of digestion and assim¬
ilation. Rapid development and
immunity fr jm the diseases com¬
mon to the calf is made possible
while increas’ lg the vitality, and
carrying the >oung stock beyond
the danger point.

fh per lb In 100 1b aaeka,
Y 25 lb pail « 1.60

r Except In
Canada and
extreme

_■ Smaller quantities a West ami
W little higher. SiuaM done. L South.

8old on a Written Cuarantee.

DR. HESS & CLARK
Asliland, Ollio

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry
l’an-a-ee-a and Instant Loum Killer.

26o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 25,

STOCK AND DAIRY NOTES.
What Causes Moldy Silage ?

I^ast Spring I purchased a farm on which
was a silo 9 x 14 feet and 30 feet deep,
sheathed with two thicknesses of boards and
paper between, with corners cut off. I filled
the silo early in September, the corn then
being glazed, and I thought in perfect condi¬
tion. On opening the silo the last of Octo¬
ber the silage seemed in perfect condition. I
had not x been feeding long when spots of
white mold appeared about one foot from out¬
side, which now has developed into a blue
mold. If the trouble is with the silo not
being tight, why does the mold appear a foot
from the edge, instead of directly at the
edge? The strip of mold runs about one foot
wide around the entire silo, the center and
outside being in good condition. This being
my first experience with silage I would like
very much to know the cause and remedy
that I might guard against it another year.
I feed 32 bushels per day to my stock. As
this mold appears I throw It out. Would it
be injurious to feed to the stock ?

Hartford Co., Conn. s. b. h.

From your description I think there
was not sufficient moisture in your silage
to prevent this mold, which is similar to
fire- fang in horse manure. Sometimes
when corn has reached the stage you
mention many of the lower leaves are
dry, and sometimes even the stalk is not
as full of moisture as it is earlier. Add
a barrel of water per load to the silage,
if possible, when filling, and tread the
silage well. See that the outside is tight,
and leave the center of silo a little higher
than the outside. Formerly it was ad¬
vised to leave sides highest, but one finds
that when settling the sides will fall
away, leaving an air space between silo
walls and silage. If you cannot use water
while filling tread the silage down very
tight and put two or three barrels of
water on top at finish. We have seen
moldy silage fed to cows without ap¬
parent injury, but would prefer to give
it to dry cows and young stock.

Ration for Milch Cows.

I would like a balanced ration for milch
cows, made from the following: Distillers’
grain, 36 per cent protein, 1 1 per cent fat,
$28 per ton : bran, $24 ; cornmeal, $24 : rye
and oats; corn silage with no ears, Timothy
hay and straw. I would like to know the
best and cheapest mixture from the above.

Chateaugay, N. Y. h. b. s.

A fairly good ration can be made from

the following;

Pro¬

tein.

Carbo¬

hydrates.

Fat.

40 lbs. silage .

5.(54

.24

10 lbs. Timothy hay....

. .30

4.34

.14

5 lbs. distillers’ grains.

.1.27

1,26

.50

2 lbs. wheat, bran .

. .25

.81

.06

Total .

12.05

.94

This contains an excess of fat, but this
will help out the carbohydrates, and in
our experience this excess fat derived
from distiller’s grains is not injurious.
Timothy hay is about the poorest hay
that you could possibly feed to a dairy
cow, containing only three per cent of
digestible protein. Sell this grade of hay
if you can, and use mixed hay^ If you
can get cotton-seed meal reasonably a
mixture of three pounds distillers’ grains,
two pounds bran and two pounds cotton¬
seed meal with some roughage would
make you a fine ration.

Cows With Abnormal Appetite.

Why do calves eat horses’ tails and wool?
T have been caring for stock 30 years, and
have never raised a calf before that ate such
things until this Winter. What will cure
them, and rid their stomachs of the hair?

l ayette, Mich. i. m. g.

When calves chew bones, boards and
other foreign substances, it is a sign there
is something lacking in their food, and
this is usually mineral matter. Bran is
one of the best foods to supply this want,
and should be given freely to growing
calves. Feed dry; that is, do not mix
it with the milk. A little blood meal and
oil meal are also good. Do not worry
about the hair in the stomach, as nature
will usually take care of this. Calves lick
each other’s ears often after drinking.
Have some little stanchion to put them in
while drinking, and as soon as they have
consumed the milk give a little dry grain.
They can be let out in a few minutes
and no after sucking.

ANOTHER COW WITH MANGE.

I read the item on page 128 concerning
cow with mange. You say that there are
four kinds of mange. I have a cow that had
sore legs, looked like scratches on a horse,
and as I had cured some very bad cases of
scratches I thought I would take the cow
and cure her. but it was not scratches that
ailed her. The scabs on her hind legs were
very thick and of a gluey substance, and
took the hair when they came off. I used
creolin for a time, and then I bathed them
with kerosene, then put on the creolin again,
but it was a tough job, but they are better
now. Iler udder and teats are covered with a
scale of much smaller sores, and the skin
on the body in places is scaly. When she”
is loose she licks and even bites herself, so
that I have to keep her confined all the
time, and use a card to do the scratching.

On her neck the skin is thick, and the
hair is rather woolly, and it seems as though
the itching spots get larger. Can it be that
this cow has mange of two or probably
three kinds? It is surely something that is
hard to cope with. In cold, cloudy weather
it makes her shiver to bathe with creolin
and water, and the flow of milk is short.
What is Zenoleum. and how do you use the
stuff, and does my cow need to be treated
with something stronger? How would to¬
bacco water be for a cow? Will it make
her sick to wash her all over with it if she
does not lick herself? I. M. X.

Brookton, N. Y.

You say that you bought this cow and
knew she was affected at the time you
got her. In that case you are in a better
position to get a history of the trouble
than I am. You say that the cow is milk¬
ing and that places on her body are scaly
and the hair comes with the crust, and that
when she is loose she licks and rubs.
This is one of the best descriptions of
mange, and as this is the third time
this question has come to me within
a month I wish to say that people should
be on their guard when getting young
cattle in the Fall to see that they are not
affected with this. In order that you
and the other readers can be on the look¬
out for this trouble I will again make a
few. remarks relating to mange. It is
a parasitic disease of the skin, and many
times called itch, scab, mites, mange,
scabies or acariesis and barn itch. Mange
is a disease of a local nature, due to a
mite, which induces irritation and in¬
crustation on the surface of the body
generally. It is always contagious, re¬
quiring for its development the trans¬
plantation of the parasites or their eggs
from the diseased to the healthy animals.
This disease is not very common among
cattle in this country, while in some coun¬
tries it prevails as an epizootic. Poor
hygiene appears to favor the extension of
the disease, and it is claimed that weak-,
ened cattle are more predisposed to har¬
bor the parasite than strong, healthy ones.
It is also more prevalent in Winter than
in Summer, and in the latter season some¬
times entirely disappears, but if calves are
kept in a dark stable during the Summer
season and have the disease the trouble
is quite persistent, and this is one of the
things that should not be overlooked if
the disease gets into the stable ; dry sun¬
light and warm weather have much to do
with wiping out the trouble.

Cattle have four kinds of itch, or
mange : 1. Common, or Psoropic mange,

caused by Psoroptes communis bovis, a
mite which is very similar to the one
which causes sheep scab. This disease
may be confused with lousiness, ring¬
worm, or with an itching due to various
known or unknown cases. Whenever
mange is present the mites are present.
They may be found by placing some of
the scab on a piece of black or dark
paper and heating this in the sun or near
a stove; after a while the white mites
may be seen crawling around. They are
more distinctly seen with the aid of a
magnifying glass. 2. Chorioptic mange,
caused by Chorioptes symbiotes bovis, is
found chiefly at the base of the tail. 3.
Sarcoplic mange, caused by a mite, Sar-
coptes scabiei, which bores galleries in
the skin; is rare in cattle. 4. Demodectic
mange is quite common in some parts of
the country. It is caused by a parasite
which lives in the hair follicles, produc¬
ing pimples, which render the hides of
less value. Treatment for demodectic
mange is difficult and as a rule scarcely
practicable. Treatment for the most com¬
mon kinds, 1 and 2, are as follows : With
large animals I have had good results
with a mixture of kerosene and lard, but
it must be remembered that the dry scabs
must be all removed every time and the
mixture applied every third day. If the
disease gets on the young calves, where
it thrives the best, it may be necessary
to dip them in some sheep scab dip, such
as tobacco water, kerosene emulsion, cre¬
olin or Zenoleum. Preparations of mer¬
cury or arsenic should never be used, as
they may cause poisoning. Creolin and
Zenoleum are coal-tar sheep dips ; if you
do not like the tobacco wash use some
other; I have much faith in it.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

_ _ Miller

%0&Manure

and Pulverizer

Mates fine and spreads evenly. Every¬
thing controlled from seat; start beater
or feed, or both, change to thick or thin
spreading, without stopping. The

Only Low Down Spreader.

Just right for use in cow barns and for
driving under low sheds — easy to load.
Right width to straddle corn rows. No
waste or scattering in yard or on road, no
freezing manure on box. Solid bottom,
scraped clean every load. Automatic drag
return. Double wheel drive, safety end-gate,
strength to stand the rough driving ana the
operating of machine.

Send for Free Catalog M * It describes the
modern spreader that has proven itself right.
The Newark Machine Co., Newark, O.

SAVE-THE-HORSE” Spavin Cure.

Registered Trade Mark.

Haverstraw. N. Y., Nov. 22, 1904. My colt had two bone spavins. “Save-
the-Horse” cured lameness and took off the bunches. Used two bottles.

DR. L. J. KIERNAN, Sec’y Haverstraw Driving Club.

"Save-the-Horse” Permanently Cures Sp»rln

Ringbon, (except low Rtogbone) , Curb, ThofoughplB.SpllM,
Shoe Boll, Wind Puff. Injured Tendons and all lamenefie* with-
out Bear or los« of hair. Horse may work as usual.

TROY CHEMICAL CO., Binghamton, N.Y.

Pormerly Troy, N. Y.

Per Bottle. With written
Guarantee — as binding to pro¬
tect you as legal talent could

make it. Send for copy and booklet.

At l)rU0gi9ti and t>ealeri ot Ezprces paid.

/

$100 REWARD

for any case of colic, curb,
splints, contracted or knotted
cords, recent shoe boils, splints
or callous that cannot be per¬
manently and positively cured,
if directions are followed, by

TUTTLE’S

ELIXIR.

It relieves and cures Spavins, Ring Bone. Cockle Joints,
Scratches, Crease Heel, Founder, Sore Backs and
Shoulders, Bruises, Wire Cuts, Collarand Saddle Calls,
Pneumonia, Distemper, Chafed Places, etc. Used and
endorsed by Adams Express Co., Chicago Fire Department
and others. Tuttle’s American Worm Powders never fail.
Tuttle's Family Elixir stops the pains and aches of mankind
instantly. Our 100-page book, "Veterinary Experience" free.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co.. 30 Beverly St., Boston, Mass.

Beware of all other Elixirs. Tuttle's is the only genuine
Avoid all blisters; they are only temporary relief.

Separators

A Boon to
Farmers’ Wives

/c

WILL R.
SEND

^Lbla

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE. PRICES AN0 TESTIMONIALS

.BLATCHFORD S CALF MEAL FACTORY
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

l\

.T MILK
INI ALS A

DRY

Have you a bottle in the stable ?
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt F ood Co. , Phila. Over 30 years old.

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
\ to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al-
\ ways under control. Strong, safe, ©*sy for
^ horios. Always ready. Two horvo size $100.
Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co. Box 1 1 . Coblesklll. H.T.

Why not save half the standing-
lifting— washing? Make your dairy
work twice as easy— twice as profit¬
able. Our friends call the Tubular I
Cream Separator the “Easy Way.” I
Try it. Catalog J-153 describes it.

The Sharpies Co P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, III, West Chester. Pa.

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Means less labor, more and
better butter, larger profits, be-
cause it <

Separates Clean.

Has three times the separating
power of other makes. Does
not mix water with milk.
Easier to clean and operate,
ho waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout. Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to¬
day. We want good agents.
KA DEH CREAM SEPARATOR COj
3o KaDexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, H.T.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small glee adapt*
ed for wlndand tread power.
Made in four siiees for 1.4, ft
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue*
THOS. ROBEBTS,
Box 93. Springfield, O.

This Is the

Quaker City

Grinding Mill.

For Corn atvd Cobs, Feed
and Table Meal.

Send for all mills advertised:
Tm!«| keep the best and re-
06*11 Oil I Nall turn all others. Built
in 8 sizes. 1 <0 20 horse power. Ball bearing,
easy running. FreigHt paid. Send for our
38th Annual Catalogue. It’s free.

T|i» A 11/ OAvnnL 87S7 Filbert 8t., Philadelphia, Pa.

I 116 A. H .OlldUD I/O. 47-40 Csnul St., Chicago, Ilia.

THE

SMITH

Great Western Apron

Manure Spreader

CPPPHnC a kinds of manure, straw stack bottoms and commercial fertilizer regard-
yrnLHUw less of their condition. Spreads as much In a day as 15 men can by hand. Spreads the
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes the same amount of manure go three time* as far and
produce better remits; makes all manure fine and immediately available for plant food.
NCN-DIINPUADI E DAYC forms a hopper, holds all hard enunks in contact
laUH OUnUnUDIaC flAiVC with beater until thoroughly pulverized.

Plini CCC ADROM *s one continous apron, (not a apron) therefore always ready to
tllULLvy Hi nUn load. You don’t have to drive a certain distance to pull it back
into position after each load or wind it back by hand; it is a great advantage in making long hauls.
TIJPPP | C JJ 0 OPADINO about our Endless Apron to break and cause trouble,
I ntnt I *9 HU U LH n I n U it is always up out of the way of obstructions as it
does not extend below axle. Spreads evenly from start to finish and cleans out perfectly clean,
unnn AND EMI) HATE keeps manure away from beater while loading; pre-
nuuu Mnu enu UH I C vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch
when starting and acts as wiud shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated
while in motion to spread thick or thin, 3 to 25 loads per acre.

I ft U T PDA ET because the load is nearly equally balanced on front and rear axles.
LIUn I UrtHl I The team is as near the load as it can work. Front and rear axles are
the samelcngih and wheels track; beater shaft runs in ball and socket bearings, therefore no friction.
Beater is 23 inches in diameter, seat turn* over when loading. Machine turns in its own length.
C I U n I I PITY Tll(’re are only two levers on our machine. One which raises the hood,
OlllIrLIUll I locks it and throws the machine in gear at the same time. It can then
be thrown in and out of gear without lowering the hood. One lever which changes
feed to spread thick or thin, making it so simple tliata boy who can drive a team can handle it.
CTDENDTU Akin niEDADII I TV is one of the most important points to be
dinCHUIIl IIIIU UUiimDILII I considered in a manure spreader. TheGreat
Western has a good, strong, durable wheel. Extra strong spoke and rim, heavy steel tires. Strong, well
braced box with heavy oak sill. Oak tongue, hickory doubletrees, malleable castings, gears and
sprockets all keyed on. Galvanized hood. Every partis made extra strong, regardlessof cost. Itis
made for the man who wants the best; made In four sizes, 30, 50, 70 and 100 bushel capacity.
CIIADANTEE sboul(i aay part break, wear out or get out of order within one year we
UUHI1HI1 ICC replace free of charge. Send for free catalogue, showing latest improve¬
ments. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.

15 S. Clinton Street, _ CHICAGO, ILL.

1905.

SHEEP QUESTIONS.

Red Cedar Causes Death.

Are the boughs of Ited cedar injurious to
sheep? I had been hauling some for mine
occasionally ; one died, another one cast her
lamb and later one evening four were sick
with what seemed a mild case of colic. I
discontinued the cedar and have had no
more trouble. The one that died was well in
the morning and was found dead late in the
afternoon ; had struggled before dying so I
presumed it was the colic. a. r. l.

Barboursville, Va.

Doubtless the Red cedar boughs are
the cause of the trouble. The sharp
needles of cedar have penetrated the in¬
testines of the sheep, and this has caused
death. I am also inclined to think that
there is an oil in the cedar that might
injure them. They are particularly fond
of anything with an aromatic taste. An
oldtime custom was to draw hemlock
boughs for the sheep to browse on in
Winter. It was found that the sheep
were healthier when they had these, and
that was all they knew about it. Doubt¬
less the turpentine in the hemlock de¬
stroyed some intestinal worms. If the
salt, to which the sheep should have ac¬
cess at all times, is wet with turpentine,
just as good or better results will be
obtained with much less trouble. Follow
the suggestion on page 151 as to the
gasoline treatment. It is possible the
sheep may have intestinal worms.

RAISING CHICKS ON SHARES.

A wants B to raise chicks for him. He
has two propositions : First, A will furnish
Incubator, brooder, eggs and feed. Chicks
to he turned over to A when six weeks old.
Second, B furnishes incubator and brooder,
A the eggs and feed. Age of surrendering
chicks six weeks. What should B get cash
for each chick, or what per cent of chicks,
if he prefers this mode of settlement? What
should six weeks’ chicks sell for within 30
miles of New York? M. s. l.

Nyack, N. Y.

There are so many conditions that must
be taken in consideration that it is not
possible to give more than an approxi¬
mate answer to these propositions. First,
A is to furnish all but the labor; B’s
success would depend on the kind of in¬
cubator and brooder furnished, the fer¬
tility of the eggs, as well as the breed
of fowls, as some are much more difficult
to hatch in incubators than others. Un¬
der the best conditions B should receive
10 cents for each chick turned over to
A at six weeks of age. The second prop¬
osition depends on the quality of plant
owned by B, and a fair amount should
be allowed for interest and depreciation
of plant. If settled on a share basis, B
should keep one-third and give A two-
thirds when settling, floyd q. white.

BASEMENT UNDER A BARN.

G. W. E., page 119, asks for plans for
basement under his barn, and I am aware
that I am running up against a large man
when I fail to agree with H. E. Cook. In
the first place, I think G. W. E. would
soon tire of carrying silage 75 feet to
feed his cows; better build a 10 x 10 silo
on the west side of the barn, and the
silo in the corner 10 x 10. You need
stairs to get up on the barn floor, and
they would go near the horse stalls, but
if I came in at the south door I would
reverse the .stalls and silo so as not to
cross the barn to go upstairs. Have the
top of floor come about one inch above
the bottom of the sill, and put in a short
piece of sill for doorway, and let the top
come level with driveway floor; then the
main sills are always dry. Fill between
the drops with stone and cover well with
earth, and stock never slip ; it is possible
to draw any load out of there on sleighs
that can be handled anywhere. I am a
dairyman, and have been for 25 years,
and after having for floors plank, cement
and dirt, I would not have either of the
former if they could be put in for noth¬
ing. The carpenter should set the braces
and girths in, one inch from outside of
posts and sill, or, if clapboarded up, set
the studding in an inch ; then nail on
sheathing boards, then building paper, and
finish with outside covering; then there

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

261

is no space to fill with straw, for the
purpose of harboring mice, vermin, or
rats. One can put 011 the boards twice
as fast from the outside and make a bet¬
ter job. Experience is a little costly, but
I learned the above by it. dairyman.

New York. _

PUREBRED AND THOROUGHBRED.

What is the difference between a pure¬
bred animal and a thoroughbred? Is the
term thoroughbred proper, and does it ap¬
ply to all our domestic animals? h. t. j.

Menomonee Falls, Wis.

“Purebred” is a term given an animal
with pure blood — that is, with ancestors
on both sides that are registered or se¬
lected to a true standard. Records are
kept of approved members of each breed.
When an animal is registered it is record¬
ed in the herd record or registry. All
pure-blooded animals are not registered.
Some of them are not considered good in¬
dividuals, or for some other reason the
recording is not done. Such animals are
still pure blood, and a mating of two of
them would result in a pure-blooded off¬
spring. “ I horoughbred” is the name given
to a breed of running horses, and wrongly
used when applied to other animals. We
often hear people speak of thoroughbred
cows or sheep or even hogs, but the word
is the wrong one, except when applied to
horses of that breed.

SOW GNAWS HER PEN.

I have a sow due to farrow about M’arch
20 ; she gnaws the pen much of the time. I
suppose it is due to indigestion. I have given
her salt and charcoal ; feed slops with bran
and middlings, no corn ; some apples and a
few potatoes. What is the matter with her,
and what is the remedy? Is there any dan¬
ger that she may eat her young on account
of this gnawing propensity? w. w.

Moorheadville, Pa. -I

I do not think there is. anything seri¬
ously wrong with the sow. If there is in¬
digestion, her droppings will lie hard and
lumpy, otherwise soft. Keep salt and
wood ashes constantly before her, and if
you can, give her rotten wood to chew at,
and eat if she wants to. Give her some
clover hay if you have it, what the other
stock refuse, if it is scarce. In fact, give
her something to do, besides gnawing at
the fence about the enclosure. It, is a
matter of habit as much as anything else.
I notice my fattening lambs have been
biting at the rails enclosing their yards;
they are hearty and good feeders, and do
this because they have much leisure, and
I think it is this way with your sow.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

Acid Phosphate for Hens.

Is acid phosphate a good dust for hens to
wallow in? Gi Q,

Ilornellsville, N. Y.

No; acid phosphate will take the gloss
off the feathers, and possibly injure tha
hens. Sifted coal ashes or road dust will
be much better.

Remedy for Sucking Cow. — Should any of
your readers be so unfortunate as to possess
a seif-milking cow I wish they would try an
anti-sucking bit. Having used one on a little
Jersey cow for more than one year I can
recommend it highly to others. Another farm
journal, other than The It. NT.-Y., advises its
readers to use the headstall, girth and stick,
but we say do not, if you value the com¬
fort and good disposition of your dumb friend,
the cow, even though she has tried your pa¬
tience sorely. m. a. banks.

Michigan.

Harrows *5.80 Up

Cllt JJjJg 0U£ an(j 8en(j fjQ ua
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalamazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

Price, Lined ...» 6.40

“ “ ... 7.00

“ “ ... 7.60

•• •• ... 10 75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; ChannelSteei Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land In N. Y., Pa.,
W.ya., and all through New England. Ours are lined
I-, w1?,, 1 an^ tooth bolts are protected by Channel

Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md.,for $1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
Ao. 86, showing every thing, used on the farm. It’s
free. CASH SUPpLY & MFG. CO.

408 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

Price lGTooth Not Lined, $5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.30

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

“ 24 “ “ 8.75

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world. Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any Ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still In active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office,

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

55 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

■to Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 CraigSt., Montreal, P.

•40 North 1th St,, Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

_ Tenlente-Rey 71, Parana, Cuba.

Something New in Building Material and Land Draining

No. 2 Multiple Conduit-Vitrified

Cheaper and stronger than stone, brick, or cement; will stand great¬
er weight for foundations for houses, barns and outbuildings of
every description. They cannot be excelled. Warmer in winter;
cooler in summer.

THE SINGLE CONDUIT FOR LAND DRAINAGE

Is under all conditions best and cheapest tilingmade. No difference
where you live. Our factories in the several States are so located
that we can quote prices and freight rates to your nearest railroad
station that will interest you. Sold in carload lots only. Full infor¬
mation on roquest.

Room 820. H. B. CAMP CO. Bessemer Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

Heals harness galls quickly
Pratts Vet. Healing Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

* Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00

Wood Sawing: Outfits on
Wheels

Thr e Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

DIRECT TO YOU Price*/

We ore not jobbers or assem¬
blers of other people’s goods —
nn Q< we build vehicles iu our own

/ / ■*»! factory. By buying direct from

“ * ■ us you get factory prices

with no middlemen’s
profit, you get every¬
thing that is latest, best
and most durable. Our
_ , large free catalogue tel Is

Ppta 1 1 * pa i i all about our no money
SfeTAIL HKICfc. $45. | with order plan flight

offer, 2 years guaranty and how we ship anywhere
ON 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.

We make 140 styles of vehicles from $82.50 up and
100 styles of harness from $4.40 up. Don’t buy a
vehicle or harness until you have heard from us.
Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

(

THE FAMOUS

f

GREEN MOUNTAIN

SILO

— - — Ifil

You can keep twice as large a herd of cows without additional 1
cost for feed if you have a Green Mountain Silo.

If you are now keeping five cows buy a Green Mountain Silo
and keep ten. It will cost you no more to keep the ten cows with
a Green Mountain Silo than five cows without the Silo.

Every cow fed on Green Mountain Silage will give more milk
and yield more money at less expense. That means to you more
cows, more milk, more money, and twice as much profit.

The Green mountain is not only a silo but the very best of
all silos.

Special discount to early purchasers.

Our New Free Illustrated Catalogue tells all about it. We want
you to have a copy. Write for it.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

Note. — We are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery
and Supplies for Dairy and Creamery; also Gasolene Engines,

Pleasure Boats, etc., etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

$21.00 PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00!$i4.ooToll7^d;

TOP BUGGIES, similar to one Illustrated, SURREYS at *

HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED, I$34i00 to $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at theae prlcea and why we can
aell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house la all fully explained In our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogue!. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwlll receive by return mail, Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything in Buggies, Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys, Phaetons, Carriages,
Light and Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness, Saddles and Sad¬
dlery, all shown In large handsome halftone
Illustrations, full descriptions and all priced at prices
much lower than anv other house can possibly make.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

I nniirc YOU will receive the most aaton-
LUUUCd Ishlng Buggy Offer ever heard of,
anew and astonishing proposition. How others
can offer top buggies at $21.00 to (23.00 and why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will be
fully explained. We will explain why we ship so as to make freight charges amount to next to nothing.
We will explain why we are the only makers or dealers In the world that can ship buggies the day we receive
your order. OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER. OUR PAT AFTER RECEIVED TERMS. OUR BINDING GUAR¬
ANTEE ARE ALL EXPLAINED WHEN WE SEND YOU THE FOUR FREE CATALOGUES.

HAVE YOU ANY USE FOR A BUGGY ? to us! h|Vyoucan t*uae%CTO p'bUGGY AT* A*NY* price!

call your neighbor’s attention to tbls announcement. Don’t buy any kind of a buggy until after you

cat this ad. out and send to us and get THE FOUR BIG FREE CATALOGUES. THE MOST LIBERAL
OFFER. The Very Latest Proposition, everything CC1DC DACDIIPIf O. PA PUIPAPA III
explained, all free Tor the asking. Write Today. vLflllJi nULDUwlv Q l UUsj U.llluAUUf ILL1

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE a.
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to
Canbemounted on any wagen at small cost — portable, sta-
Meagher A 15th Sta.. Chicago, THIS IS OCR FIFTY-FIKST YEAR.

262

r

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwooii, Editor.

I)r. Walter Van Fleet, lAswlatp(,
MRS. E. T. Hoyle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION : ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8% marks, or 10 y2 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

The picture of the farmhouse on page 246 points a
lesson. The owner of the truck farm shows how to
make the farm pay. The builder of the house showed
how not to do it. What can a man be thinking of to
put up a house of this shape? Take the same amount
of material and labor, and put it into a cosy, modern
cottage, and how much more comfortable the family
would be ! There is no reason why a farmhouse should
be a mere box !

*

We are asked by a number of readers if a tenant has
the right to remove manure on leaving a rented farm.
In many cases such things are provided for in the lease
— the landlord making sure to claim such manure. When
nothing is said about it the law usually is that such
manure in the barnyard, as it is thrown from the stable,
belongs to the tenant. It is then classed as personal
property. If it has been hauled to the field and piled,
with the evident intention of using it on the farm, it
is classed as real estate and belongs to the owner.

*

A reader asks if we are not discouraged because
Congress adjoined without authorizing a trial of the
parcels post. Not a bit. The parcels post never was
nearer than it is to-day. This Summer’s work will just
about get it. Results seldom come to the discouraged.

But have you not noticed how the opposition to the
parcels post is making more noise?

Yes, we expected it, and feel glad to get it out in
the open where it can be accurately sized. The louder
the opposition talks the more it will wake up the
friends of the measure. Keep right, at it, gentlemen,
with patience and cheerfulness!

*

As will be seen on the opposite page, there is a
bill at Albany whicn, if passed, will compel those who
handle milk at shipping stations to secure a license
and take an oath not to adulterate or skim.' There is
much complaint about the way milk is handled at these
stations. Both milk and cream are shipped from many
of them, though nothing but whole milk is bought.
The milk is skimmed just enough to enable it to test
up to the “standard,” and the surplus cream sold as
clear profit. Commissioner Wieting seems to think that
this plan of licensing the handlers would stop this
crime — for such it certainly is. We are not so sure of
this, yet it seems to be one of the things needed to
partly check the evil. This law would help if it could
be enforced.

*

The following news comes from a Canadian reader:

For the first time I believe in Canada the fruit growers
and market gardeners in the Niagara district have combined
effectually to fight the canning combine. We are holding
out for 30 cents a bushel for tomatoes and $8 a ton for corn,
instead of 25 cents and $7 previously given. The canners
threaten to close down.

! We do not know the merits of this particuar contest,
but from long experience in studying such matters we
know that the only hope for farmers is to hang together.
Do not be frightened. Study the business, compare fig¬
ures and get a clear idea of what your produce is worth
as compared with the canned goods, and then stand
together firmly.

What about that letter ?

You will remember that Senator T. C. Platt, in his
famous letter on the parcels post question, used these
words :

I have received quite a number of letters from various
people on the subject, and I should judge that the sentiment
favorable to the proposition is about equal to the sentiment
antagonistic to it. Those who favor it seem to reside in the
rural districts ; those who oppose it appear to be chiefly
small merchants and storekeepers who fear that the estab¬
lishment of parcels post would divert trade from them to
the large department stores.

Our object in urging people to write Senator Platt
was to try to help his unbelief. Though originally a
farm boy, and with a larger debt to farmers than any
other man now in public life, Senator Platt hesitates
until these farmers make their wants known. That is
his privilege, but when farmers let him know just what
they want of course the Senator will feel himself bound
to meet their wishes. So keep right at him — he is the
vital mark for ink and postage stamps!

*

This picture shows a photograph of a package of
“Government free seeds” after one of our readers in
Ohio had planted it properly. See what he has done?
He has mailed it right back to his Congressman “with
thanks!” Here is his letter:

Doesn’t the enclosed illustrate a very effective method of
“postage stamp balloting?” Thousands of these packages
returning would surely help to stiffen the backbone of our
Congressmen to abolish this system of petty bribery. “Free
seeds” that cost the dear people a quarter million dollars a
year! Besides, is it a square deal? The farmer owes more
of his prosperity to the honest American seedsmen than to
the whole bunch of politicians. Who’s going to put a stop
to it? If the people continue to take these “free seeds”
with a smile, will our legislators quit this graft?

Certainly ! A few thousands of these postage stamps
plastered on a Congressman’s spine would surely “stiffen

his backbone.” Some of these Congressmen actually
think country people appreciate the gift of common
varieties of turnips, beets or mustard! We are asked
sometimes why it is worth while to “make such a row
about a few seeds. “It doesn’t amount to anything —
let it go.” What is known in politics as “graft” seems
to grow like these germs or bacteria we hear so much
about. You need a powerful microscope to see one
of them. Yet, let it alone under favorable conditions
and that tiny speck of life will grow and spread so that
it will in time spoil all the milk in a creamery, ruin a
house or bring life and value to a great field of clover.
Now, this package of “free seeds” is a little bacteria of
“graft.” A voter is purchased with a few cents. It is
“getting something out of Uncle Sam.” It is in this
sprout that the little “graft” bacteria spread and grow
until we hear of rascals higher up who handle this
“graft” by the millions! Little use cutting these big
grafters off — strike at the germ of it. Let the common
people disdain the little “graft” and they will soon
take care of the big grafters.

_ *

We have a letter from a reader who says :

I am interested in good wire, as I want to buy some. I
am watching to see how you come out in your efforts to
obtain better quality for us !

It is this man’s privilege to fold his hands and watch
if he can to do so, but why should he not work as well
as watch? We have tried to make it clear that The R.
N.-Y. has little, if any, power except that which comes
from its readers. We could go on talking for years, but
unless earnest readers will back .up that talk by both
words and work, our efforts will count for but little.
If our friend wants better wire let him unfold his hands
and help. Write to Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and tell him how much
we need a standard for fence wire. Ask him to tell us
what metal and what form of galvanizing we should
demand from the wire manufacturers. This is for the
Government to determine for us. They tell us how
much acid there should be in cider, how much water in
butter and many other things about articles we buy or
sell. They should give us a standard for fence wire,
but they will not do it until thousands of farmers de¬
mand it. Begin now, and never buy another piece of
wire until you have asked the manufacturers to guarantee

it for at least 10 years. There is work and plenty of it
right along these two lines. Unfold your hands, gen¬
tlemen, and get at it.

*

Some weeks ago The R. N.-Y. told of a southern
town where the license fee for liquor selling was fixed
at $30,000. A practical application of the benefits of this
form of high license was recently given in a rural town
in Massachusetts where The R. N.-Y. has subscribers.
In Massachusetts the question of license or no-license
is voted upon every year, each township having the right
to decide whether liquor shall be legally sold or not.
After a hot fight in the township mentioned the liquor
men won by one vote. Some of them went out to cele¬
brate their victory, and while they were gone a local
minister moved that the license fee be put at $25,000 !
The motion was carried, and thus, while the license men
won, no one can afford to pay the fee, and no legal rum-
shops can be started. There was a man quick to think

and to act. Good for him !

*

Some years ago the writer lived in Colorado, in a sec¬
tion which depended upon irrigation. The water used
for growing crops was taken from a river which rose
in the mountains. The river was fed partly from little
springs, but mostly from melted snow. During the
Winter great snowdrifts accumulated in the forests.
When Summer came these drifts were slow to melt,
because the trees left them in shadow where the sun
could not penetrate. Had they been exposed to the
full glare of the sun they would have melted rapidly
and turned the river into a raging torrent. One Sum¬
mer the weather was unusually cool, and the snow
melted very slowly. As a result the river was low — ■
there was not enough water to produce the crops. It i?
hard for men to stand idly by and see their crops burned
up. No wonder desperate measures were suggested. It
was proposed, among other things, to send a body of
men up to the mountains to cut the timber around the
headwaters and burn it. It was argued that the heat
of the burning and the opening of the forest would
melt the snowdrifts and fill the river. It would have
done so, but wiser councils prevailed, and the wild
scheme was abandoned. While it would have produced
an abundant supply of water for that one season, it
would in the end have ruined the country. The forest
provided a natural storage for the snow, holding it in
reserve and slowly giving it up as needed through the
dry season. To destroy the forest meant a fierce flood
and bitter drought in place of the slow and gentle loos¬
ening of the water. It was wiser to practice self-denial
for a time, or to suffer loss, if need be, rather than to
disturb the slow and orderly working of Nature. We
have often thought of this incident in its relation to
human affairs. The city sometimes feels irritated at
the slow conservatism of the country. In the rush and
roar of city life men fail to realize how much the nation
owes to the quiet, restful influence of the rural town or
the country home. This influence is like the forest
sheltering the snowdrifts, so that they may yield, not the
destructive flood, but the useful and continued stream.
The city owes its very life to what comes to it from the
country. The city is made stronger and richer as it
helps guard and strengthen the headwaters of this
human stream. Another application can be made in the
influence of farmers’ organizations. Let us take the
Grange for example. It has a force or power in public
matters which might be likened to the water wheel on
the strong river. There its power is concentrated, but
every pound of that great volume of water came orig¬
inally drop by drop from the little springs or snow¬
drifts far away in the hills. The farm homes and rural
commmunities are the headwaters of Grange usefulness.
There it must grow strong or weak. We have always
felt that the quiet, often monotonous, work of the
Grange in the homes of its members is, after all, the
most powerful influence it possesses.

BREVITIES .

If now you would buy Seedless apnles
We point out the fact like a book.

That he who with such a thing grapples
Must do so upon his own hook.

At last we know what these powder-pokers can do to a
tree — page 246.

You never can lift a man up Into grace unless you can
put yourself down in his place.

No use talking, one of the truest tests of character is the
ability to take fair criticism calmly.

It has been claimed that castor oil bean plants will keep
mosquitoes away. Dr. Smith, of New Jersey, tried it and
found more mosquitoes under the beans than elsewhere.

A reader wants to know If free rural delivery is going
to increase his taxes ! He will have to provide a suitable
mail box, and will probably spend a little more in slicking
up his farm — otherwise no !

Here is the result of an experiment with eggs in water
glass : “I preserved 40 dozen eggs in water glass by direc¬
tions in The R. N.-Y. and have saved more than enough for
my renewal by this method.” h. c.

This is what “The Business Hen” did for one New York
reader : “I loaned ‘The Business Hen,’ and it has scratched
a new subscriber for you, so find enclosed one dollar, for
which please send The R. N.-Y’. and ‘Business Hen.’ ”

1005.

I

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

263

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — By the provisions of a bill passed March 7
by the New Jersey State Senate, no licenses will hereafter
be granted to saloons located within 200 feet of armories
and schoolhouses. The bill was passed by a vote to 13 to 0.
. . . The plant of the American Cereal Company, Cedar

Rapids, Iowa, comprising two entire blocks of brick and
iron structures, was destroyed by lire March 8, with the
exception of a small group of cooper shops, storage and pack¬
ing rooms. The loss is estimated at nearly $1,590,000, with
insurance estimated at nearly $1,000,000. Two persons are
known to have lost their lives in the fire. The cereal mill
employs 800 men, and the loss will be a serious blow to the
city. ... A vigorous criticism of the report of Commis¬
sioner of Corporations Garfield on the beef trust, together
with an analysis of the report, is contained hr a statement
made public March 9 by Representative Eben W. Martin, of
South Dakota, the author of the House resolution under
which the Garfield investigation was made. Mr. Martin says
that the report is misleading, and that it “is-in the nature
of a special pleading in defence of the business of the six
large packing companies involved in the investigation.” lie
points out that while Commissioner Garfield secured his
information from “original sources,” the defence only of the
packers is given, little space being devoted to the complaints
of the stockmen, who were primarily responsible for the
inquiry. Mr. M'artin contends that the document is full of
inconsistencies, in that the summary makes no mention of
evils which are discussed at length in the earlier pages of
the report. lie sharply takes issue with Commissioner Gar¬
field as to the profits of the packers. . . . Evidence tend¬

ing to show the advantage the Standard Oil Company has
over independent oil refiners was developed at Topeka in con¬
tinuing the deposition of W. J. Ilealy, general freight audi¬
tor of the Santa Fe Railroad. Mr. Ilealy's testimony showed
that all the railroads belonging to the trans-Missouri freight
bureau have agreed to a regulation which practically pre¬
cludes an independent refiner from competing with the Stand¬
ard unless he has enormous capital. It provides that ship¬
ments of petroleum or its products will only be received when
destined to consignees who have facilities for the prompt
unloading of the tank cars. This means that while the
railroad companies will accept demurrage charges on all
other classes of freight they will not do so on oil shipments
in tank cars, even when the tank cars are the property of
the shipper and hauled by the companies on a mileage basis.
The practical effect of the regulation is to shut the inde¬
pendent refiner out of using tank cars and restrict him to
shipping in barrels with a heavy return charge on empties.
Under these conditions it is impossible to compete with the
Standard company. The Santa Fe, Missouri Pacific, Mis¬
souri, Kansas and Texas, Union Pacific and several smaller
roads are the members of the trans-Missouri freight bureau.
. . . Senator Clark’s Anti-Standard Oil Pipe Line bill
was passed in the Missouri Senate March 9 without opposi¬
tion. The measure is a copy of that passed by the Kansas
Legislature. It declares all pipe lines common carriers and
fixes rates for carrying oil. About the only pipe line affect¬
ed is that running from the Kansas fields to a refinery near
Kansas City. It is proposed to build an independent re¬
finery. . . . The Indiana Oil Men’s Association was in¬
corporated M'arch 9 with a membership of 400. and it is pro¬
posed to extend the organization to other States until it
includes every independent oil producer in the country, thus
enabling its members to cone with the Standard Oil Com¬
pany. to which most of their product goes, and with which
they have found themselves unable to cope because of lack
of unity. . . . Mrs. Cassie L. Chadwick was convicted
March tl in the Federal Court of conspiring to wreck the
Citizens’ National Bank of Oberlin, Ohio. The indictment
against Mrs. Chadwick originally contained 16 counts. The
judge struck out two of these counts. In his charge he
struck out seven more, leaving only seven counts against the
prisoner. . . . One of the severest storms ever known

swept California and Oregon March 12-13. At Los Angeles
the storm did great damage, prostrating telegraph and tele¬
phone poles. 'Phe Seventh Street bridge over the Los
Angeles River fell March 13, carrying a dozen persons down
with it, of whom two are reported drowned. The damage
to the piers at Santa Monica is estimated at $200,000. . . .
Fire in a New York East Side tenement March 14 caused the
death of 19 persons, and injuries to 20 more. All the fire
escapes were blocked up, and the scuttle in the roof was
locked, making escape impossible ; the casualties were due
to flagrant violation of city ordinances. The victims were
all poor Hebrews.

ADMINISTRATION. — Government officials investigating
the sale of public lands in the State of Utah have discov¬
ered that thousands of acres of valuable coal lands have
been secured by methods of questionable character. In most
cases the land has been entered as agricultural or grazing
land and patents issued on that basis, when in fact the land
Is wholly unsuited to agriculture or stock raising. Agricul¬
tural or grazing land may be purchased for $1.50 per acre,
while $20 an acre is required for coal lands. Double filings
have been made. More than 2.000 entries of coal lands have
been made in the Salt Lake land office and the claims per¬
mitted to lapse, ’while titles to the same lands have been
secured through filing as agricultural lands and the payment
of the nominal price. An employee of the Utah Fuel Com¬
pany has acted as agent for the entrymen in 50 of these
cases. In each case lie made affidavit that the land contains
coal, yet no effort was made to perfect the title. The Utah
Fuel Company is controlled by the Gould and Rockefeller
interests, and already has a virtual monopoly of the coal

output of the State. Most of the questionable filings were
made during the administration as Commissioner of General
Land Office of Binger Hermann, now under indictment, in
connection with the Oregon land frauds. . . . The Secre¬

tary of the Interior awarded March 13 a contract for the
construction in Salt River Valley, Arizona, of what will be
one of the largest dams in the world. It will l>e built in
accordance with the terms of the National Irrigation act and
will cost $1,100,000. The work will be done by .1. M.
O'Rourke & Go., of Galveston, Tex. In addition to overflow¬
ing about 350,000 acres of land, the dam will supply water
power for hundreds of places throughout the Territory
The dam, which will be known as the Roosevelt dam, will
be 225 feet high and at its base will have a thickness of
about 200 feet, or the length of an ordinary city block. The
work must be completed within -two years, according to the
terms of the contract.

FARM AND GARDEN. — At the annual meeting of the
board of directors of the American Yorkshire Club, held in
St. Paul, March 8. the following officers were elected : Pres¬
ident, James L. Higgins, Detroit, Mich. ; vice-president, W.
II. Fisher, Columbus, Ohio ; secretary and treasurer, Harry
G. Krum, White Bear Lake. Minn. The board appropriated
money to be offered in cash prizes for Yorkshire herds and
individuals exhibited at Minnesota State Fair, the Indiana
State Fair and the New York State Fair.

The farmers’ institutes of Virginia have been furnished
with a series of lectures the past Winter under the direction
of the Virginia Department of A'-nculture. The institutes
were addressed by Prof. Andrew M. Soule, director of the
Experiment Station of Virginia, on the rational use of cat¬
tle foods, and Prof. It. J. Davidson, dean of the College of
Science and Chemistry, on the application of commercial
fertilizers. The attendance at these lectures has been uni¬
formly large.

The National Horticultural Society of France will hold a
grand international exposition of the products of horticul¬
ture and the related arts and industries May 20-28, 1905.
All foreign horticulturists are invited to take part. The
prospectus of the exposition, as also that of the horticul¬
tural congress, which will be held at the same time, will be
sent free on application addressed to the headquarters of
the society. No. 84, Rue de Grenelle, Paris.

SEALED MILK CANS FOR NEW YORK.

The city of Chicago has an ordipance requiring all cans
of milk or cream which are brought into the city to be
sealed with a metal seal by the shipper. The object, as we
understand it, is to try to protect farmers and countrymen
who ship milk against those who would adulterate and doctor
the milk. In your opinion would such an ordinance in
New York, properly lived up to, for shipping whole or
skimmed milk, be an advantage to milk producers?

I don’t see how such an ordinance can be of any material
advantage to producers unless they were shippers. If the
latter was the case I think it would be to their advantage.

o. G. SAWDEY.

I do not consider such an ordinance would be of any ad¬
vantage to milk producers. A large amount of the milk
produced in this section is sold to New Y’ork dealers who
own and operate creameries at almost every shipping sta¬
tion, and they have a chance to adulterate or doctor the
milk at either end of the route if they choose. J. a. x.

Hamden, N. Y.

According to my observation, as a rule the farmer ships
milk straight: if it is doctored or adulterated it is after it
leaves the farmers' hands. The consumer ought to have
pure and wholesome milk, and if such an ordinance would
bring this about I believe it would be an advantage to the
honest shipper. a. d.

Deckerville, Pa.

The milk which supplies the city of Chicago is shipped
direct from the producer to the milk dealer, while the milk
which .supplies the New York market passes through milk
shipping stations in the country, where it is treated to the
skimming and embalming process before it is shipped to the
city. The dealers of New York insist upon having their
milk handled by their own employees, and will not buy milk
of co-operative creameries unless operated by their own
men. It is almost impossible for the consumers of New
Y’ork to receive pure milk under the present system of dis¬
tribution. As there are nearly 12,006 dealer's in Greater
New Y’ork, it is impossible for the Board of Health to watch
them all. ira i„ snell.

President Five States Milk Producers.

I can see several advantages in the requirement that all
cans of milk and cream shall be sealed before shipment.
If care is taken to use good seals this would prevent any
tampering with the cans en route. I have seen a good
many lead seals used where they could be separated or
broken and carefully put together again without detection.
In such cases they are almost useless. But your question is
whether such an ordinance in New York properly lived up
to for shipping whole or skimmed milk would be an advan¬
tage to milk producers. I think it would. It has the dis¬
advantage of a slight expense and a little extra labor, but
when we consider the importance of the products concerned
this should not be objected to. [prof. 1 r. a. pearsox.

Cornell University.

There is probably no doubt that if the cans were sealed
and the seals unbroken until they reached the city, it would

have tendency to stop any adulteration that would take
place between the point of shipment and destination. A
large portion of the milk, however, shipped to New York
City is shipped from stations, and is handled or manipulated
by other parties subsequent to the delivery to the farmer.
I send you copy of Assembly bill No. 891 introduced by
Mr. Fish, relative to milk gathering stations. There is a
strong sentiment in favor of it on the theory that it will go
far towards stopping meddling with milk from the time it
leaves the farm until it goes to the consumer.

N. Y. Commissioner of Agriculture. c. a. wietixg.

R. N.-Y". — The essential principle of the Fish bill is that
it will compel all persons who have charge of any milk gath¬
ering or receiving station where milk is handled or sold to
take out a license. The license is to be granted by the
Commissioner of Agriculture, and the applicant must state
under oath that he has never adulterated milk, and that
he will not in the future. The Commissioner is given
powers which enable him to enforce this regulation, take
away licenses for cause, and compel testimony relating to
adulteration of milk.

I cannot see how such an ordinance would be of any ad¬
vantage whatever, and as it would add to the expense of
handling the milk and getting it to market, and as the mar¬
gin of profit to the dealer is so exceedingly small, the dealer
would be inclined to subtract the extra expense of seals from
the price paid the producer. If possible it mi"-ht be a slight
disadvantage to the producer. If I were a farmer producer,
and had a private customer for my milk in New York, I
should either use a seal or lock my cans, because I would
want to do everything in the best possible way, and would
want to establish a reputation for mv milk, and hope thus
to secure its reaching the customer just as I sent it from
the farm. But ordinarily there Is no distinction between the
different makes of milk that ever becomes known to the con¬
sumer in New York City, and I cannot see how the seals
would help the ordinary producer whq is selling his milk
to a dealer. l. b. halsey.

New Y’ork.

BUSINESS BITS.

Ci.osi.xg up a successful season, the Elm Poultry Yards of
Hartford, Conn., carried off honors at Boston Exhibit in
strongest competition, winning 24 regular and 9 special
prizes in the hottest competition, besides winning the $100
Championship Cup for b^st White Wyandotte female, any
age. This bird also won Ivory Soap Special for whitest
bird in entire exhibit, any age or variety, also Spratt’s Gold
Special for best Wyandotte, as well as their winning Dis¬
play Specials, etc. All this after furnishing winners for
nearly every large exhibit of the country.

From this time on, depending somewhat upon location,
the farmers all over the country should be sowing grass
seed. In some localities it will be found advantageous to
sow grasses singly and without any shelter crop. For
use in sowing all these grasses nothing will be found quite
the equal of the well-known Wheelbarrow Grass Seeder,
manufactured by O. E. Thompson & Sons, Ypsilanti. Mich.
It is strong, simple, easy to handle, sows all kinds of seeds
and being so close to the ground, may be used when the
soil is right, no matter how windy the Weather. Write the
manufacturers for their free illustrated catalogue.

Sixteex years ago the Harvey Seed Company, of Buffalo,
N. Y'., began handling poultry supplies. Knowing that poul-
trymen like to buy all their supplies from one concern, thus
saving shipping charges, the Harvey Seed Company carry
immense stocks of poultry supplies of all sorts. They are
prepared to fill all orders promptly, and to guarantee quality
in every case. With their fine shipping facilities they can
reach every part of the country and save poultrymen money
on all their purchases. They publish a complete catalogue
of poultry and pigeon supplies that is full of reliable sugges¬
tions. It will pay everyone who keeps fowls to send for a
copy of this valuable book. Address Harvey Seed Company,
65-69 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, N. Yr.

For 10 years the Bond Steel Post Company, Adrian, Mich.,
have been manufacturing their steel posts, both fence posts
and hitching posts. The sales have increaseu steadily from
year to year. There does not seem to be any reason why
steel posts, which are uniform in size anil shape and
strength, and which when once placeu are good for many
years' service, should not be the fence posts for the farmers
to use. The hitching post combines neatness and requisite
strength. One that will be a credit to the front door yard
can now be had for $2. Many hardware dealers are hand¬
ling these Bond steel posts. Where they have no dealers
shipments are made direct from the factory. Write straight
to the company if there is no dealer in your town.

The many varieties of cream separators and the great
value claimed for each particular make is rather confusing
to the farmer or dairyman about to purchase such an arti¬
cle. The claim is made by the National Dairy Machine co.,
that from the milk of four cows skimmed with the National
Cream Separator as much cream will be realized as that
derived from five cows’ milk skimmed with other inferior
kinds of separators. It skims close, runs light and will
quickly pay for itself in its savings. Y’ou can buy a National
Cream Separator on the easy payment plan. This plan
requires no payment until the separator has proven its
worth. Then comes a small cash payment, and the balance
in easy monthly installments. Intending purchasers of sepa¬
rators will do well to send to National Dairy Machine Co.,
Newark, N. J., for catalogue and particulars of this easy
payment plan.

hio mu

This is the hay press that will help
you to get the very highest market
price for your hay crop. A producer
of clean bales and a saver of labor,
the lightest and most powerful bal¬
er ever built. The great strength and the
light weight of the Ohio is explained by
its scientific construction. The frame
cannot twist. With the Ohio there will be no breakage, no delays,
no repair bills, no stopping to oil up.

Write for new free catalog. The book is plainly written and well illustrated, ittells
you just how the Ohio is built and what it will do. Write today. Don’t wait.

Ohio Cultivator Co., Ohio St. Factory, Bellevue, O.

We are also manufacturers of the famous Ohio Sulky Cultivators and Walking
Cultivators , Steel Lever and Disc Harrows , Land Rollers , Pulverizers , Corn and Cotton
Cultivators, Lister Tools of all kinds , etc. Write for free catalog of any of these.

IB i2\ iMhfcUB* filfl I MM 3 hME

W * t The Kraus Pivot- Axle Cultivator is adapted to all condi- \ A ^

tions of soil— level or hilly country. Always under complete
control of operator and obeys the slightest touch of rider’s
, foot, turning to right or left independent of team.

THE KRAUS CULTIVATOR I

Is the pioneer Pivot- Axle Cultivator combining a simul¬
taneous lateral movement of wheels and shovels. It is sim¬
plest in construction, easiest of operation and most efficient
cultivator built. Don’t waste a man’s time when a boy can do
the work. Our catalog illustrates the parts and shows exactly why
and how It saves time, labor and money. If your dealer does
not handle the K r aux, do not accept a substitute. W rite us.

The Akron Cultivator Co., Dept. 18» Akron, O.

<J. S . KEMP’S

20 CENTURY MANURE SPREADER

ON
UNEVEN
GROUND

THE FARMERS MONEY MAKER

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the fanner’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company

N.unrlr 1W V Lunt. Moss & Co., Boston, Mass.,

Newark Valley, N. I . Agents for New England States.

Waterloo, Iowa.

TILE -DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Acres of iw?mpy land reclaimed and made fertile.

creases the value. . . _ _ _ _

Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. W rite
for what you waut and prices. johm u. jACksc*. 7# Third A»e., Aibsny, n. y.

264

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 25,

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending March 18, 1905.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red.. . • — • @1.18%

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... — • (hi. 22%

Corn . . . 54 @ 57

Oats . — @ 39

Harley . 45 @ 50

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel . — @3.10

Pea . — @1.90

Red kidney . 2.80 @2.85

White kidney . — @3.10

Yellow eye . 2.15 @2.20

FEED.

Ton to car lots.

Spring bran . 20.00 @21.00

Middlings . 22.00 @24.00

Hominy chop . 21.00 @23.00

Gluten . 26.00 @28.00

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots.

Timothy bu. 45 lbs . — @ 2.75

Red top, 100 lbs . — @14.00

Blue grass, 100 lbs . — @12.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Medium Red clover. 100 lbs... — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

IIAY AND STRAW.

Ilay, prime . 85

@

@

@

@

@

@

90

82%

77%

70

65

70

Creamery, extras .

— @ 26

Firsts .

@ 25

Seconds .

. . 21

@ 22

Thirds .

. . -

@ 20

@ 26

State dairy .

. . 1!)

@ 23

Imitation creamery .

. . 20

(ill 24

Factory .

. . 20

@ 22- •

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy...

,

@ 14

Small, fine .

. .

@ 13%

Small, choice .

. . - - -

@ 13

Small, fair to good .

. . 12

@ 12%

Small, poor .

.. 10% @ 11%

Part skims .

.. 6%@ 8%

Full skims .

4

@ 5

EGGS.

10 cents lower.

White, fancy .

- - -

@ 19

Mixed, good to choice .

. . 15

@ 17

Western aud Southern .

.. 15

%@ 17

HOPS.

Choice, 1904 .

. . 29

@ 30

Good to prime .

. . 27

@ 28

Common to fair .

.. 25

@ 26

Olds .

. . 11

@ 12

APPLES.

King, prime .

@3.50

Spltzenburg .

@3.50

Spv .

. . 2.00

@3.00

Ben Davis .

@2.50

Rnldwin .

. . 1 . 75

@2.50

Greening .

@2.50

VARIOUS KRU

ITS.

Cranberries, bbl .

. .4.00

@7.50

Strawberries, Fla., qt .

. . 25

@ 45

Pineapples, 30s to 24s .

@3.00

Oranges, California .

. .1.95

@2.50

Florida, choice .

@5.50

DRIED FRUITS.

Ap ties, evaporated, fancy...

. — @

7

Evaporated, choice .

(! @

6%

Evaporated, prime .

. 5%@

5 %

Evaporated, com. to good..

4 @

5%

Sun dried .

2 % @

4

Cherries .

. 1 3 14 @4

14%

Huckleberries .

.11 @

14%

Blackberries .

ti%@

t

Raspberries . . . .

. 20 @

23%

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, No. t, doz.-. . 1.25

Lettuce, dozen . . . . , . 50

Mushrooms, LI). ..... . 25

Radishes, 100 bunches.. . 3.00

Rhubarb, ,1b. ... . 7

Tomatoes, . lb. ... 1 . 10

@1.50
@ 1 .00
@ 65

@4.00
@ 9

@ 25

SALADS AND GREEN STUFFS.

Asparagus, t CaTif., doz .

Artichokek, ’ Cain., doz .

Brussels sprouts,- qt
Cabbage, Danish seed, red,

ton . .: . . .

Danish seed, white. . .

Domestic seed .

Cauliflower, Fla., bbl. .......

Celery, dozen .

Chicory and escarol, bbl .

Kale, bbl .

Lettuce. Fla., %-bbl. bkt. . . .

Peas, .Fla., bushel .

Peppers, 20-qf. carrier .

Romaine, 3-pk. basket .

Spinach, bbl . . .

String beans, bushel . .

Water cress, 100 bunches. . . .

3.00

1.00

10

@11.00
@ 1.25
@ 20

30.00

20.00

12.00

4.50
50

4.00

1.25

2.00

8.00

2.00

1.00

1.50

2.50

1.50

@60.00
@24.00
@18.00
@ 6.00
90
7.00

1.50
5.00
9.00
3.00
2.00

2.50

5.50

2.50

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

VARIOUS VEGETABLES
Reets and carrots, bbl .

Red .

Parsnips, bbl .

Sweets, Jersey, bbl.

FowlSf lb. . .
Chickens . .
Roosters . . .
Turkeys . . .
Ducks, pair

Pigeons, pair

1

.25

@1.50

1

.50

(a 4.00

00

@9.00

@3.75

@3,50

1

.00

@1.50

o

.00

@3.00

1

.00

@4.00

so

@1.00

@2.00

1

.25

@1.37

1

.12

@ 1.35

1

.10

@1.25

.00

@5.00

_ _

@ 13

—

@ 12

— T~

@ 9

—

@ 16

60

@ '80

@1.62

—

@ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 18

Capons . 15

Chickens . 14

@

20

24

21

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, fancy . 10% @ 11%

Fair to good . 8 @ 10

Hothouse lambs, head . 3.00 @9.00

Hogs . 5%@ 7%

FURS.

Black bear . 10.

Cubs and yearlings . 3

Badger .

Otter . 9.00

Beaver, large . 6.00

Medium . 4

Small . 2

Silver fox . 50

Cross fox . 5

Red fox . l

Gray fox . 75

Fisher . 4

Wolf, prairie . 1

Timber . 2.00

Wolverine . 4

Lynx . 4

Wild cat .

Civet cat .

House cat, black .

House cat, colored .

Marten, dark . 6

Pale . 3

00 @ 20
00 @ 10,
60 @

@ 15
@ 8,
00 @ 5

00 @ 3

00 @250

00 @ 1 0
50 @ 3

@

00 @ 8
50 @ 2

@

00 @

00 @

40 @

25 @

— @

8 @

00 @

00 @

00
00
80
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
90
00
00
4.00
7.00
6.00
75
50
25
10

12.00

5.00

No. 1 . . . 80

No. 2 . 75

No. 3 . 65

Clover . 60

Clover mixed . 65

Straw, long rye . 95 @1.00

MILK.

New Y’ork Exchange price was reduced one-
fourth cent March 13, or to .'@.51 per 40-
quart can, netting three cents per quart in
20-cent freight zone where there are no sta¬
tion charges.

BUTTER.

Two cents lower.

Skunk, black .

. 1.65

@ 1.75

Half-striped .

. 1.05

@ 1.15

Long-striped .

. 90

@ 1,00

Striped .

. 60

@ 70

White .

. 30

@ —

Raccoon .

. 60

@ 1.50

Opossum, large .

. 55

@ 60

Medium .

. 30

@ 35

Small .

. 15

@ -.8

Kits . .

. 5

@ —

Rabbit .

. 1%@ —

Mink .

. 2.50

@ 6.00

Muskrat, Winter . . . .

. 14

@ 15

Kits .

. 2

@ 3

Fall .

. 9

@ 10

LIVE

STOCK.

@5.25

Bulls .

@4.20

en

Calves .

@8.50

Sheep .

@4.00

Lambs .

. 7.00

@7.75

I logs .

@5.65

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent h

Muriate of potash .

Nitrate of soda .

Acid phosphate .

Kainit, 12 per cent potash...

Dried blood .

Tankage .

Bone meal .

Peruvian guano .

Sulphur flowers, in bbl. lots, lb
Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots, lb

Y'ork. Sin-
igher.

@43.00
@48.50
@10.00
@12.00
@45.00
@35.00
@20.00
37.00
@ 2%
61/4

- — @*4

— @4

1

A Grafting Note.— E. H., from Stanton,
M'ich., wants to know about grafting. I have
always had good success with my work and
have' worked at it every Spring for a good
many years, being now past 60 years of age.
There "is no need of cutting scions and keep¬
ing them. Cut them and put them right in
any warm day from February until blossom¬
ing time, although rather risky after the bark
gets loose. My father used to cut them in
February and put them in cellar in damp
dirt : the butts I mean. J. w. h.

White Valley, Pa.

MONEY IN POTATO CULTURE

When “Iron Age” Implements Are Used in
Planting, Cultivating and Spraying

Below we show a cut of the “Iron Age”
(Improved-Robbins) Potato Planter, which
machine is used and highly recommended by
the most critical and leading potato growers.

The improvements recently added have
made it still more valuable. It drops one hun¬
dred per cent, of the seed correctly. Makes
no doubles, no misses and will not bruise or
puncture the- seed.

'Pile “Iron Age” (Improved-Robbins) Plant¬
er is adapted to all kinds of soil and may be
used with or without the fertilizer distributor,
as desired, making it a profitable machine for
every condition of soil in every part of the
country.

With the “Iron Age” (Improved-Robbins)
Planter, “Iron Age” Riding Cultivator and
the “Iron Age” Four Row Sprayer the potato
crop as a money maker is assured, and can
easily be made one of the most profitable of
crops year after jvear. If you are interested
in successful potato farming, write to the
Bateman Manufacturing Company, Box W.
102, Grenloch. N. J., and secure Iron Age,
their new book for 1905, which explains in
detail all of these improved machines, as also
many others that save time, labor and money.
Send a postal card to-day and look the matter
up before spring planting time.

Sons of Queen’s Czar

No. 55573, A. J. C. C.

( Winner of 21 first prizes, including sweepstakes at
New York State Fair.) I have for sale two fancy
solid colored Bull Calves, over three months old, sure
winners in calf class next fall. Also two of recent
birth. All from first-class registered cows. They
will go cheap to a quick buyer.

Laurel Farm. J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.

Herefords Dorsets

(Entire 1 1 fl 1*0 0 TO <Entire
Herd) UUIuulu Flock)

A PROMPT BUYER WILL GET A BARGAIN.
DR. ARMSTRONG, Lantz Mills, Va.

MAGNOLIA FARM B. P. BOCKS

Best of layers, Eggs, 15, 75e.; 30, $1.25, Exhib. Health
and Fertility guaranteed. Beautiful Double Dahlias,
all colors. Two roots. 25c. : 10, $1. Post-paid.

Mrs. J. F. PERRY', R. 1. Lewes, Del.

This is the only
Windmill Tower
which can be set
close up against
the house.directly
in front of the door
and right over the
walk without being
in the least in the
way . It gives

HEAD ROOM
PUMP ROOM
TANK ROOM
STOCK ROOM

This Tower is made
only by^ ^

Write for
La r^e Manger
of this Trussed
Tripod Tower.
•Address
1206 12th Street.

There is
nothing like it.

It is a marvel
of strength too.

Look at the room in the/
base of this Tower.

WANTED! AN ACTIVE POULTRYMAfl

For an ambitious hustler who has a large acquaintance among the poultrymen in the
county in which lie lives we have a good opening, one that will pay a neat income.
Secretaries of Poultry Associations preferred.

Address :

THE H-O COMPANY,

Feed Dep’t. BUFFALO, N. Y\

WANTED— Every poultryman
to send for book “ Poultry Feeds
aud Feeding.” IT’S FREE.

Pratts Powdered Lice Killer
did the work.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Pkila. Over 30 yearsold.

Position Wanted

Handy man, single, intelligent, at present employed
leman's place. Strictly sober, wants position,
es, $18-S20 and board. Good driver. City refer-
s. “S. S.,” care of Rural New-Yorker.

One of tlie best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash, A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

tk ~ t £» J LU/) cured to STAY CURED. No
/^^^^^^^/lYNAAmecUclnes needed afterwards.
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

ATT E N T I O N-STA Si*

favor us with your orders. Mail ordets a Specialty.
1. UKliZ, Qenl. MKr.,S9 Montgomery St., JerseyCity, N. J.

1*1 r 01 V 007 A LA/CC/ And expenses to men
VYliAI 0u f A TILL IV with rigs to introduce

Poultry Compound. International Mfg. Co. .Parsons, Kan.

Oldest Commission H0U8e In New York

eggs, pork, p.
E. B. WOOD

Kst.1838. Butter, cheese,
oultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
'WARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

C onnoctiout Farms

Farm of 02 acres on main line of R. R and hi mile
from depot. Milk shipped to Boston. Story and a
half house in fair condition. Large barn with base¬
ment. 24 acres of wood and timber, balance good
farm land. Price $1,500. Farm of 117 acres. Good
house, 10 rooms. Good barn, stables ceiled with
matched boards. 2 miles from R. R. and trolley.
Land neglected but good, strong soil. Price $1,800.
Farm of 50 acres, 3 miles from ft. R. and one mile
from center. Nice house and barn, all painted, rum
ning water, R. F. D.; large apple orchard, besides
peaches, pears and plums. Price $1,900. Also a small
place of 29 acres, good house and barns, extensive hen
houses and other outbuildings. Owner offers furni¬
ture. tools, 2 cows, horse and 325 hens for $2,500.
Send 5 cts. in stamps for list of 100 bargains. Higher
priced farms next week.

GEORGE H. CARRIER,

66 State St., Hartford, Conn.

FLORIDA

Fruit Farms. Garden Land Orange
III Groves, Furnished Houses to ren*->
Maps, etc., Sc stanlp. Box215, AVON' PARK, Florida,

I" _ III _ 1 I— Where is vours? I can sell

rarm WflllTvU It. Enquire for method
used. B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, N. Y. City.

MAPS, Reports.Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lauds. Beet
Markets. State Boakd op Aghiculturk,

Dover, Delaware.

■i|D||A For rich farming and fruit growing,
f" An IflO Write j. D. 8. HANS0N, Hart, Mich.

COLORADO INVESTMENTS &nc^0Vk°\S:

and Fruit Ranches. Geo. E. Grebles, Box 215, Silver-
ton, Colo.

con cA| p Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
ruiv Buildings, BasementBaru. 1200 Sugar

Maples, equipped. Good Dairy. 165 Acres on main
road. $40.00 per acre. One-third down, Bal. to suit.

Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

LOW PRICE Of COTTON

information address SOUTH ALABAMA LAND &
IMPROVEMENT CO., Troy, Alabama-

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested in and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn

200 FARMS— The best bargains selected from over
3,000 listed with us for sale in Maine, Vermont, Mas¬
sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Delaware auu
Maryland, are described in " Strout’s Spring List;''
51 to 1.000 acres. $500 to $20,000; on easy terms. Cuts
snow buildings on 80 of them. Some have stock,
tools and household furniture included. Mailed
FREE; write to-day. E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau st., New York City, or Tremont
Temple, Boston.

f have buyers for country \
property

It you want
to sell for
cash, or
exchange,
send de¬
scription and
price, and I
will tell you
whether I can
make a deal for you

E. G. BROWN,

Property for
Bale and exchange
everywhere and anywhere

2123 Madison Ave.,
Newport News* Va.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

265

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

London Wool Sales. — Active bidding is
reported from the sales now being held. Some
of the top prices paid are : 35 cents for

New South Wales scoured ; greasy, 32 ; New
Zealand greasy, 30; South African, greasy, 20,

High Green Beans. — The Florida freeze
cut off a good many of the early beans, and
for a time those that escaped sold at enor¬
mous prices, $12 to $15 per three-peck basket
in some cases. The later crop is coming on
now and with the increased supply $5 is the
top for prime, but there is fair profit in them
at this price.

Eggs have drooped 16 cents in about two
weeks. Arrivals are large enough for all
present needs, and still lower prices may be
expected. The I.enten season, however, will
make considerable difference in the use of
eggs and perhaps prevent prices from reach- j
ing so low a level as the receipts would
otherwise warrant.

Potatoes. — The market is weak, but prices
are not specially changed. There seems to be
an endless quantity in the country, and but
little hope of better prices until very late.
Bermuda and Cuba new potatoes wholesale at
$4 to $6 per barrel, but they do not compete
with our old domestic stock, as they reach a
special class of trade. The conditions In
sweet potatoes are more favorable, best Jer¬
seys selling at $-j.

Apple Trade is not satisfactory and the
outlook is anything but favorable. The mar¬
ket continues to be loaded down with low
grades which should never have been stored.
The experience of the past season shows
clearly that it is not at all wise to hold for
sale anything but choice apples, unless the
crop is very short. Culls and seconds should
be got rid of as soon as possible after har¬
vesting, and whatever they bring for hog feed
or evaporating should be considered clear
gain. Very many of the apples from common
cellar storage will soon begin to wither, and
these, no matter how large or well colored,
will not sell well in competition with the firm
fruit from cold houses. Every year late
shippers get caught in this way and cannot
understand why they get such poor returns
for apples sent late in the season. Pinch an
apple tightly in the hand, and if the skin
wrinkles and the flesh yields much, that apple
will be discounted. Before the general use
of cold storage this was not so. The late
apple was expected to be somewhat wilted.

Butter. — During the past three weeks
there lias been a decline of 10 cents, and the
price is once more within reach of ordinary
pocketbooks. A few of the special brands
taken by very high class trade sell equally
well no matter what the price, but the gen¬
eral trade slackens quickly when extras and
firsts get much above 30 cents. To secure an
active consumptive trade extras should not
wholesale above 25 cents, and if proper use is
made of cold stonfge there is no need of their
going below 20 cents. Consumers who will
not stick to good butter through this price
range belong to a quite numerous class who
expect to pay about a certain price for but¬
ter without much regard to quality. These
people are becoming more critical, which is a
hopeful sign for the dairy Industry. Every
pound of choice butter consumed Is an edu¬
cator, drawing the user farther away from
the soap grease grades, and helping to make
a general demand that will not be satisfied
with anything less than good butter. One
of the evils in the increased use of cold
storage comes from the greed of holders.
They want to make all they can, and hence
when fresh-made butter gets scarce they
crowd up the storage product to the very
limit. Instead of storage butter helping to
keep prices on a moderate basis, the business
is so handled that storage prices are boomed
to the skies. Of course these dealers are not
in the business from philanthropic principles,
and it can hardly be expected that they will
not squeeze out all there is In it for them,
even though the trade as a whole suffers, and
as a result they themselves may lose equal
amounts In other deals.

Farm Labor Question. — “When away on
business the farmer needs some one at home
to keep the work going and be a caretaker.
In these days more than ever he needs some
one that is trusty and intelligent. They are
hard to get. All the bright, smart ones do
something else. About all the farmer can get
are the culls. Indoors the situation is still
worse; in a large majority of farmhouses
there is but one woman, the meals must be
got and the house kept in order; there is no
time for social enjoyment, a very unpleasant
state of things. Can some one suggest a
remedy ?” w.

New York.

The type of hired man referred to above
has become very nearly an extinct species in
many localities. I am well acquainted with
this man and his farm and methods. The
hired man is treated as one of the family ; is
expected to do a fair day’s work, but is not
crowded, has plenty to eat, and there Is a
good supply of reading matter for Sundays
if inclined that way. This farmer ought
not to have any difficulty in getting the
kind of help wanted if it were to be had.
As to a remedy for this state of things, a
number of thousands of farmers similarly
situated are working at the same problem

with no prospect of a more satisfactory solu¬
tion than the employment of green immi¬
grants, tramps and “hard-luckers.” A good
many men are placed every year by the Labor
Bureau in the Barge Office, Battery Fark,
New York, W. H. Meara, Superintendent. This
is free to everyone, but the employer must
pay the car fare of the man to his place. If
desired, Mr. Meara will till to the best of his
ability orders sent by mail, but, of course,
cannot guarantee that the men will prove
satisfactory. Blanks giving the conditions
under which male help is supplied will be
sent on request. This agency is supported by
the Irish Emigrant Society and the German
Society of the City of New York, but is free
to all nationalities. H.

Indiana Notes.- — Sheep have come out in
better shape than I have ever known them be¬
fore, notwithstanding the past Winter has
been the most severe we have ever known.
Sheep are very scarce and prices rule high.
The township assessors at their recent meet¬
ing agreed upon $4 per head as the appraise¬
ment on sheep, the highest ever placed in our
county. Two weeks ago at Indianapolis
lambs sold at $8, the highest price on record;
this was for last Spring’s lamas, and not
hothouse. Sheep have ruled high there all
this season ; the quality has been of the very
best. Ilorse breeding is receiving much at¬
tention in this country, and many fine horses
have been sold for export. Cattle from some
cause do not seem to claim as much atten¬
tion as they should. The dispersal of the
Crawford herd of Polled Angus had a de¬
pressing effect. This was one of the finest
herds in the country, and was never beaten
in competition at State fairs. The death
of the owner caused its dispersal. b.

Brazil, Ind.

Good Plymouth Bocks. — I send you my
record for February of my pen of 31 Barred
Plymouth Bocks. Pullets were hatched in
April and M’ay, sired by brother of first New
York pullet. 1904 ; the dams were exhibition
females. When starting to lay they weighed
from seven to eight pounds. In December
they laid 3 l/2 dozen; January, 26 dozen;
February, 47 V$ dozen, or 65 per cent. One
pullet started to sit February 15, and two
more February 20. I think this record is
extra good laying. These birds were housed
in coop 14 x 8; were let out of doors every
day, a place as large as coop being cleared
of snow. Their feed was a hot mash with a
little cut clover for morning, wheat and oats
at noon, and corn at night; water, grit and
shells at all times; also three pounds of raw
meat ground fine, once a week (at cost of
2o cents). Eggs were sold at 35 cents per
dozen, or $16.62. Cost of feed. $3.80; bal¬
ance for month of February, $12.82, or 41
cents per hen. This speaks well for the
purebred. Who has done as well? c. k.

Danbury, Conn.

CHORTHORN8- Young stock at farmers’ prices
** next 30 days, Bull 13 mos. old, heifers all ages.
L. B. Hotchkiss, West Springfield, Pa., Erie Co.

Partridge Plymouth Rocks

MADISON SQU ABE WINNERS. Eggs, 13, $2.

Riverside Farm, Weston, N, J.

Stock and

g From Rose and Single
O Comb Buff Leghorns.

ONLY FINE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

on my place. Eggs, $1.00 for 15. or $4.00 for 100.

E. W. JENKINS, Dover. Delaware.

Standard-bred Poultry

Rhode Island Reds, Barred Tt<

-White Leghorns,
r White Wyandottes.

— - uc.cu Rocks. Choice Matings ■

Eggsatfarmers’prlces. Fairvlew Farm, Shrewsbury,
Pa.

V Alley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze and Wild
Turkey*. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

While Plymouth Rooks

$1 per 15, $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y.

Incubator Chicks. White and Barred Plymouth
Rocks only. Eggs for Hatching from Wyan’s, Rocks,
Legs, Game, Minorcas, Brahmas, Ducks andtTurkeys.
Low prices. Pleasant View Farm, Seward, N. Y.

Watpr filacc for preserving eggs. Endorsed
TVaiGI UlaOO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1 50 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked, $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for Incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New York City. 8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

MANY OF

THE

FIRST PRIZE
WINNERS

at

New York, Chicago, St.

Louis World’s Fair,
and other large shows
were from our cele¬
brated breeding yards.
OUR EGGS have produced the winners of high¬
est honors. From Exhibition Mat¬
ings of Grand Show Stock. $5 per 12; $10 per 36;
$20 per 100. From Laying Matings of Great Egg
Producers, $2 per 12; $8 per 100; $70 per 1.000.
OUR MATINGS are better than ever and the
quantity of high quality stock
in our yards is greater than ever. Over 6,500 birds
now mated to supply the demand.

Illustrated catalogue free.

I; ELM POULTRY YARDS,

P. 0, Box Y, HARTFORD, CONN.

Angora Goats and Rat Terrier Dogs.

( Prices on application.)

The crown of womanhood is motherhood.
But uneasy lies the head that wears the
crown or anticipates this coronation, when
there is a lack of womanly strength to bear
the burdens of maternal dignity and duty.
The reason why so many women sink under
the strain of motherhood is because they
are unprepared.

"I unhesitatingly advise expectant moth¬
ers to use Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescrip¬
tion, ’’writes Mrs. J.W. G. Stephens, of Mila,
Northumberland Co., Va. The reason for
this advice is that Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Pre¬
scription is the best preparative for the
maternal function. No matter how healthy
and strong a woman may be, she cannot
use "Favorite Prescription” as a prepara¬
tive for maternity without gain of health
and comfort. But it is the women who are
not strong who best appreciate the great
benefits received from the use of "Favorite
Prescription.” For one thing its use makes
the baby’s advent practically painless. It
has in many cases reduced days of suffer¬
ing to a few brief hours. It has changed
the period of anxiety and struggle into a
time of ease and comfort.

The proprietors and makers of Doctor
Pierce’s Favorite Prescription now feel
fully warranted in offering to pay $500 for
any case of Leucorrhea, Female Weakness,
Prolapsus, or Falling of Womb, which they
cannot cure. All the World’s Dispensary
Medical Association, Proprietors, of Buf¬
falo, N. Y., ask is a fair and reasonable
trial of their means of cure.

Chicks W ell Hatched
Are Half Sold

To be profitable an incubator
niuHt hutch chlckft to average
85% of fertile eggn set-good,
strong, healthy chloka that
will live and grow to matur¬
ity. That’s what the

SURE HATCH

JlVfTTlX A does. 60,000 of them doing

_Vi ^ . " * v-J it today. Sold on 60 DAYS
TRIAL, with *100,000.00 5 Yearn Guarantee.
Operateswith halfthe oil and half the trouble others
r.°* Percentage hatches, hatched early, that

live and grow, make money. Head chicks are a Ions.
The best brooders can’t save poorly hatched chickens.
Our 120-EGG INCUBATOIt, complete with all fix¬
tures, delivered, all charges prepaid to any 1 /"k
place east of the Rocky Mountains, for only -I. W
Write for free catalogue today and learn why Sure
Hatches make money while others lone money.

BURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY,
1422 Clay Center, Neb. 1 1422 Indianapolis, Ind.

2? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low

in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FrsiCatilog

RAISE

SQUABS

IT PAYS

, We can start you right. Our plant, the larg-
I est in America, ships the finest Squabs that I
reacli the Now York market, for which we re¬
ceive top prices. Our strain of Homers will do
as much for you. Better stock -annot lie got¬
ten atany price. Write for free booklet and
I learn something of this fascinating and remu-
| iterative business. ATLANTIC SQUAB CO.

Box K, Hammonton, N. J,

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. 1*. Send for catalogue.
WILSON BBOS., Sol. Mfn,.,D«pt. N K«.ton, P«.

KALAMAZOO

hatches more and stronger chicks than any other
incubator. Least oil and least attention
of any. Best of all, it’s an

INGUBAIOR

SOLD ON TIME

Not a cent of cost to start poultry raising. We
arrange payments to suit you, the machine
will pay for itself. Ask for our great offer.
Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your chicks.
Write to-day for full particulars.

REED MFG. CO.,

527 Main Street, Kalamazoo, Mich.

AT HALF PRICE
SCOTT

INCUIATORS AND BROODERS

None better — few as good.
Patented, self - regulating,
ventilating, non -moisture.
Sold K price of others. Send
for free cntalogand poultry
guide. Scott Incubator Co.
Box 89, Abingdon, Ill.

The Racine

Incubator

Built by the man
who devoted 23
years to its
present perfect
development.

Can be operated by any¬
one, anywhere. Auto¬
matic regulator, copper tank, white pine case,
double walled, nursery. Built to last 20 years.
Don’t buy until you read our remarkable
Incubator Book, written by the man who
made the Racine. When you learn what he
knows, you wil 1 want his machine, we think.
The book is free. Write for it. Warehouses,
Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul. Address
Racine Hatcher Co. Box 87 Racine, WIs.

AutomaticC

Incubators by a practical man.
Simple and easy to operate. >

THE IDEAL

thatches in a way that makes

^-1^30 DAYS TRui.

■ Results guaranteed. Send for

■ free book on Incubators, Brooders, Poultry and Supplies.

^JjW^DUe^Co^Boa^T^Freeportjin.

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you uso

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

8end for Descriptive Catalogue.

Ch as. A. Cyphers

Successfuls

Automatic in everything. Acci¬
dents impossi¬
ble. The most
chicks hatched, ,
brooded theJ
best, least care.*

(Get the stand¬
ard of year*. Incubator, poultry and poultry
supply catalog FREE. Poultry paper 1 year lOo.

DES MOINES INCUBATOR CO.
Dept. 90 Dos Molne. la.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES. -For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARK? CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

S I O'80 For

I ds 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog’ to-day.

QEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III

■OOjiHATCH GUARANTEED

30 DAYS’ TRIAL To prove It.

| 50 4-4.50 100 <h8. 50 ,200 <h 13.75

lEggJts.OO Egg 4*9.50 Egg | 5.00

1 Self regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,
all sires and kinds, $3 up. 50,000 in use. Send 3c. for catalog.

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 23, Springfield, O.

SHOEMAKER’S BOOK

on POULTRY

I and almanac for 1905, contains 224
page*, with many fine colored platcnof

fowls true to life. IttclJs all about chickens,
their care, diseases and remedies. All about
INCUBATORS and howto operate them.
All about poultry houses and how to build
them. It's really an encyclopaedia of chicken-
dora. You need it. Price only 15c ~

O. C. SHOEMAKER, Box 8 1 3, FREEPORt, ILL.

Dftlll TDV*500000000

rUUL I ll l*S£;

•^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything —
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you
lour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the,
tasking— it's worth having.

>Excelslor Wire 8c Poultry Supply C0..1

JDept. H.G. 26 * 28 Vesey Street. New York Clty.(

QQQQQQQQQQCOQQQQQQQQQQQQGi

266

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

March 25,

V'7

From Day to Day.

VIRTUE

Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright.

The bridal of the earth and sky,

Sweet dews shall weep thy fall to-night,
For thou must die.

Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave,
Bids the rash gazer wipe his eye.

Thy root is ever in its grave,

And thou must die.

Sweet Spring, full of sweet days and roses,
A box where sweets compacted lie.

My music shows you have your closes,

And all must die.

Only a sweet and virtuous soul.

Like seasoned timber, never gives;

But when the whole world turns to coal,
Then chiefly lives.

— George Herbert (1593-1632).

*

Broiled sardines are a savory dish for
tea. The large, rather wedge-shaped Por¬
tuguese sardines are very nice for this
use, though we have no doubt some of
the domestic fish are equally as good.
Drain the fish, split open and remove the
backbone, then broil in a close wire
broiler, or in a pan “sizzling hot,” until
heated through. Of course no fat is put
in the pan, if this is used. Put each
fish on a piece of hot toast, and serve
with lemon points.

*

Mexican codfish is a very appetizing
variation of the familiar “Cape Cod tur¬
key.” Fry to a pale yellow one small
onion, chopped fine, in three tablespoon¬
fuls of butter; add two tablespoonfuls of
flour, half a green pepper, chopped fine,
and one cupful of stewed and sifted to¬
mato pulp. When the sauce reaches the
boiling point, add half a pound of salt
codfish, which has been freshened for
24 hours in cold water and slowly sim¬
mered until it will readily separate into
flakes.

*

If the hands become very much grimed
with housework, before washing rub them
thoroughly with vaseline or grease (old-
fashioned mutton tallow is excellent),
rubbing the emollient in just as one uses
soap. Then wash well in hot water, us¬
ing plenty of good soap and a hand or
nail scrubbing brush. If, after this, the
hands are rubbed with moistened oat¬
meal or bran, and then well rinsed and
dried, the condition of the skin will be
greatly improved. When we think of the
discomfort caused by roughened hands
in our regular avocations, we realize that
daily care to avoid this is not an evidence

of vanity, but of good sense.

*

A stock and belt of the same silk,
chosen with an eye to contrast or har¬
mony of color, gives a look of smart¬
ness when worn with a plain jacket suit
and white waist. The stock may be
a plain collar piece, with a four-in-hand
knot or jaunty bow, a little white top
collar being worn over it. The belt
should be boned in the back, or held out
by a metal girdle former, and either fold¬
ed or tucked lengthwise; it may be fin¬
ished with a buckle, or a flat ring of
bonnet wire covered with the same ma¬
terial as the belt twisted over it, the belt
slipping through this and being hooked
invisibly beneath. Nearly everyone can
find, among her odd pieces, material
enough to make such a set. One of our
friends has just finished making a very
pretty stock and belt from the cover of

an old taffeta parasol.

*

A friend asks for a recipe for “old-
fashioned souse.” The following is a
tested formula.

Clean the ears and feet well ; cover
them with cold water slightly salted and
boil until tender. Pack in stone jars while
hot, and cover while you make ready for
pickle. To half a gallon of good cider
vinegar allow half a cup of white sugar,
three dozen whole black peppers, a dozen
blades of mace and a dozen cloves. Boil

this one minute, taking care that it really
boils, and pour while hot over the still
warm feet and ears. It will be ready to
use in two days and will keep in a cool
place two months. If you wish it for
breakfast, make a batter of one egg, one
cup of milk, salt to taste, and a teaspoon¬
ful of butter, with enough flour for a
thin muffin batter; dip each piece in this
and fry in hot lard or dripping. Or dip
each in beaten egg, then in pounded
cracker before frying. Souse is also
good eaten cold, especially the feet.

Frankfort (Frankfurter) Sausage

The Old Way. — Take pork, lean and
fat, in the proportion of four pounds lean
meat to one pound fat, and chopping
up, or running through machine, inti¬
mately mix with the seasoning. This is
composed of clove, mace, salt, pepper,
thyme, sweet marjoram, and finely-cut-up
lemon peel (which is omitted if the
sausage is to be cooked without smok¬
ing). In this case, after stuffing the
skins and being tied up a finger long,
they are fried in butter (or sweet oil or
fat) to a rich golden tint. If to be
smoked, they are hung up in the smoke¬
house.

Modern Mode. — Chop up pork, lean
meat and fat (ham can be used) in the
proportion of four pounds lean to one
of fat. To a pound of the mixture season
with salt, 11 grams, one-half gram salt¬
petre, two grams white pepper and one-
half gram cloves. Mix the whole so
intimately that “you cannot tell the fat
pieces from the lean.” The more thor¬
ough the mixing the better the result.
If the mixing is not free, you can add a
little water, but do not overdo this. If
too “waxy” from excess of fat, add lean ;
or, the other way, if too meaty. Use
pig’s cases for the filling. 1 ie the sau¬
sage in length desired. Hang the links
well apart in the smokehouse. Tolerable
heat will do them rightly enough, but if
you want the deep rich tint of brown,
you will have to finish them off over a
brisk fire. It is hard to fix the tempera¬
ture, as the smokehouse in the open will
be cooler than the one indoors. Test
the state by running a quill in and ex¬
amining the extract by the taste, sight
and smell. Sometimes they are put in
bundles of 10 or 12 folded together and
pressed to flatten. Keep in a box under
weight before putting in the smoke.

_ H. l. w.

The Rural Patterns.

Shirt waists made full at the shoulders
are among the latest novelties shown.
This one allows a choice of yoke or no
yoke and includes sleeves full at both
shoulders and wrists. In the case of the
model the material is white Persian lawn,

the collar and cuffs being of linen, but the
model is adapted to all waistings that
can be made full with good effect. The
waist consists of the fitted lining, which

4963 Gathered Shirt Waist, 32 to 40 bust.

can be used or omitted as material ren¬
ders desirable, fronts, backs and yoke,
the yoke also being optional. The sleeves
are in shirt waist style with wide cuffs
and there is a turn-over collar at the
neck that is attached to the neck-band
by means of button-holes and studs. The
quantity of material required for the
medium size is 4 yards 21 or 27 inches
wide or 2 yards 44 inches wide. The
pattern 4953 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34,
36, 38 and 40-inch bust measure ; price
10 cents.

The circular skirt with sectional shirred
flounce is a favorite model for soft or
light materials. The skirt is made with
the circular upper portion and the flounce
which is made in three sections. Each
section of the flounce is gathered to form
a heading and again below that point

4874 Circular Skirt with Sectional
Shirred Flounce, 22 to 30 waist.

and the joinings are made on the lines
of the upper shirrings. The skirt is
shirred at the belt and is closed invisi¬
bly at the center back. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
11 yards 21 inches wide, 9 yards 27
inches wide or 5% yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern 4874 is cut in sizes for a 22,
24, 26, 28 and 30-inch waist measure;
price 10 cents.

Royal Baking- Powder-Risen

foods — light, delicate hot-biscuit, hot rolls,
doughnuts, puddings and crusts — are not
only anti-dyspeptic in themselves, but aid
the digestion of other foods with which
they assimilate in the stomach — the joint,
the game, the entree — important parts of
every meal.

Royal Baking Powder makes the food
finer flavored, more tasty, more healthful.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply ana
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

PAPER WALLS

KTow is Tlio Time

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you
sec our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and Inprains at 5 to
12 1*2 cts. per roll. We save you fiO p.c. ; we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our free book of samples with complete
nstructions for hanfclnfc your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL, PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

27S Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

HOOD RUBBERS

'SSe'

TRADE (FUBBtBCOMMSY) MARK)

' BOSTON ' '

NOT MADEBYA TRUST

/f you cF/vuor get these /?ub-\

ttftS fffOAfyDUfijD&UEff-H'ff/TEi/S 1

fZQfa On Long or Short
9 ^ Term Investments

825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ing from day received to
day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY received at any
time In the year, yields

5 p. c. per annum for
ever/ day we have it.

You should learn how lar our
operations are removed from
any element of speculation.
Conservative Investors will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and profit without the
annoyance of individual mort¬
gage loans. Write for par-
tlcu rs.

Assets, . SI, 700, OOO
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan CoM

1134 Broadway, New York.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

_ by 1 _ H _

children whUe Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and. is the best <
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

|

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE, & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

Telephones for Farmers

Five year guarantee, thirty days trial.
Send postal for prices.

Standard Telephone & Electric Company
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Nothing like

Banner Lye

to make your home clean and healthful and
keep it that way. It not only washes away tbe
dirt but it kills the disease-germs, and gets
into every corner.

Your milk-rooms, milk-pails and dairy will al¬
ways be sweet and clean if you use Banner Lye

It is better in every way than old-style lye.
Odorless, colorless and safe; packed in easy-to-
use cans that prevent waste.

Makes best soap

You never had purer or better soap than
you can make with your kitchen grease and
a 10-cent can of Banner Lye. Ten minutes’
time — no boiling or large kettles — and you
have 10 pounds of hard soap or 20 gallons of
soft soap

Get Banner Lye from your grocer. Send
to us for free book. “Use* of Banner Lye."

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

267

More About Chilblains.

This is a positive remedy, which my
mother used in my childhood days, and is
available in every household. I wish every
one in the land suffering with chilblains
could know of this tested remedy, which
is as follows: One large tablespoonful of
saleratus or soda put in a wash-bowl or
pan, and one cpiart of boiling water poured
over it. When cool enough (must be as
hot as can be borne) immerse the feet in
the solution and keep them in until the
water becomes cool, or for an hour. In
some cases this may have to be repeated
the second time, but very rarely.

MRS. M. M. ASHLEY.

I found a cure while I was living in
Oregon, not here in California, and others
used it as well as myself and were cured.
Of course we didn’t have them so badly
we wished to die because of them, but
they made wearing of shoes very uncom¬
fortable, and limping a necessity. The
cure is sulphurous acid (not sulphuric),
applied twice — or oftener — a day with a
brush; 25 cents’ worth cured 14 of us, and
then there was .some left for next year.
I don’t think chilblains can be cured for
all time, but, like a cold, you catch it at
the next exposure. '

MRS. W. H. HANNIBAL.

Your note on chilblains is interesting,
and your sympathy for frosted sufferers is
shown in the good remedies you suggest.
Here is another which will repay a trial,
and is ready at hand when the burning
and irritation is greatest. Chilblain means
“a blane, or inflamed state of the hands
or feet, caused by cold or frost.” The
best remedy is a thorough application of
snow to the parts affected, and refrain
from putting them near the fire. When
Napoleon made his retreat from Moscow
snow applied to the extremities of the
soldiers gave their only relief to their
frosted conditions. Japanese and Russian
soldiers find in their present experience
that snow applicati6ns enable them to
march in spite of frosted feet. Russian
soldiers follow a hot steam bath by plung¬
ing their naked bodies into a convenient
snowbank, and wallow in it. Farmers in
this mountain region of New Jersey know
the wonderful good effect of snow appli¬
cations to feet and hands or ears where
touched lightly or severely by Jack Frost.

r. G. w.

The Girl With the Hoe.

A hoe is not a ladylike implement. It
hardens the hands and. fosters the habit
of stooping. Yet many women, yea, some
men, every year feast upon vegetables and
small fruits which feminine hands have,
by use of the hoe, brought to flavorsome
ripeness or succulent perfection. Where
there are men in the household capable
of grasping a hoe handle one might al¬
most advise that no female ever wield
one outside her own flower beds. To set
a premium upon sloth or selfishness is,
one sometimes thinks, one of the greatest
mistakes a woman can make. Yet as
various as will be the different females
wielding hoes this Summer will be also
the motives that send each afield. I have
heard women confess that they had never
been so well, or enjoyed rural life so
much as when they cared for a vege¬
table garden. In a certain household
of my acquaintance where are four re¬
fined women) but no men, one of the
young ladies takes it upon herself to
supply the table with garden products,
and it seems to me that hers is by no
means the least attractive share in the
day’s work. There are many things not
half as enjoyable in the round of house¬
hold cares as to set forth about about
six of a Summer morning for an hour
with the hoe. You must wear overshoes,
loose gloves and a short cloth skirt, for
whose condition you care not a pin.
Perhaps you will keep such a skirt hung
up in the tool house beside the hoe. The
hours between sunrise and seven in the
morning seem to me the only time when
it is possible absolutely to enjoy hoeing.
After one learns how to kill weeds the
hoe will leave them all turned out, roots
to the sun, and the torrid heat of mid¬
day will shrivel them as effectually as
if the hoer were there to be shriveled
also. If one must build the kitchen fire,
cook the breakfast, and do a score of
other things before seven o’clock, I say
that to ask such a one to care for the
vegetable garden is rank injustice. There

must be some one else able to take a
share of the morning’s burdens — but no,
there isn’t always some one else. If
the head of the house enjoys a little
exercise with the hoe after supper that
may prove for him a comfortable enough
time of day, but if a woman sees any
scraps of leisure, then they belong to the
veranda, the clean dress and the spirit of
sociability.

A season’s experience with the hoe will
teach a girl how to plan her garden.
For one thing, she will have the man
who plows and harrows the land mark
it off evenly in long straight lines, re¬
serving only a space at one side for such
things as must be grown in hills — no
little neatly-banked up square beds, if you
please, for maybe she will be able to hire
or coax a boy with a horse and culti¬
vator to go up and down between these
long rows once a week and so save her
hoe “many a weary nibble”, after weeds.
Neither will she allow this plower and
harrower to sow her bag of commercial
fertilizer broadcast upon the land, though
he may think that the easiest way of
disposing of it, and urge such a course.
She will find later that the weeds grow
quite thriftily enough between the rows
without such encouragements, and that
it pays to sow the fertilizer in the drills,
mixing and covering it with a little soil
that it may not burn the tender seed¬
lings.

It will take less than one Summer to
teach her that the early vegetables, such
as peas, string beans, radishes and the
like make quick returns, which means
less labor. These are so very much bet¬
ter when brought in fresh from the gar¬
den that one may almost say that any
one possessed of a square rod of land
ought to raise a home supply. But if
our girl gardener decides to let others
raise her carrots, parsnips and salsify,
which must be hoed nearly all Summer,
discretion may prove the better part of
valor.

Of course in a garden lined off as ad¬
vised in even spaces one plants double
rows, one line each side the mark, of all
the smaller vegetables, such as peas,
string beans, beets, chard and lettuce.
The first time the girl with the hoe
plants her garden she will not plant it
thickly enough perhaps. Certainly not, if
she sows her seeds about as she wants
the plants to stand. Not every seed will
germinate, and it is far easier to weed
out the less promising seedlings than to
fill in gaps on the rows. Where, from
any cause, such breaks occur, she may
drop in a few seeds of Michigan or Ford-
hook squash, and so not long have empty
ground to hoe. In just this haphazard
way a friend of mine raised last season
an astonishing number of fine Michigan
squashes, which, in spite of her doubts
on the subject, had plenty of time to come
to maturity.

By pulling out early peas and beans as
soon as past usefulness space will be left
for a few turnips or late cabbages, for
idle land invites weeds just as promptly
as Satan invents mischief for idle hands.
In arranging a garden a look ahead does
not come amiss. For instance, if the
tomato plants have, say lettuce, in the
next row on the east and earliest sweet
corn on the west, later in the season,
when ready to spread about and cover¬
ing a good deal of space and demanding
much in the way of sunshine, the to¬
matoes can have it all their own way.

prudence primrose.

AS TO COLDS
Feed a cold — yes, but
feed it with Scott’s Emul¬
sion. Feeding a cold in this
way kills it. You cannot
afford to have a cough or
cold at this season or any
other. Scott’s Emulsion
will drive it out quickly
and keep it out. Weak
lungs are strengthened
and all wasting diseases
are checked by Scott’s
Emulsion. It’s a great
flesh producer.

We’ll send you a sample free. .

SCOTT & BOW N E, 409 Pearl Street, New YOfk.

At Wholesale Prices

Just to introduce our well-known line in every town where it is
not sold, we will sell our

Gold Coin Ranges

or Heating Stoves at the wholesale price on approval, securely crated,
freight prepaid, blacked, ready to put in your home. No stove is better
made or more highly endorsed, and its record for unexcelled service in
thousands of homes goes back for nearly 58 years. If you need a stove
we guarantee the Gold Coin to please you and to cost much less than
others ; under our present offer to sell one direct to the user at exactly
the dealer pays us. This js the first proposition of this

High Grade Trade Mark

the same price 1
kind ever made by a manufacturer of
Stove. Write to-day for our

Illustrated Catalogue No. 3

It illustrates the different styles and sizes, explains the details and gives our wholesale price on each. Abso¬
lutely the greatest bargain offered in stoves. Write to

The Gold Coin Stove Company, Troy, N. Y.

(Successors to Bussey & McLeod.)

COUGHS, SORE THROAT, HOARSE¬
NESS effectively relieved.

Sold in boxes only. Avoid imitations.

Fac-Simile
Signature of

on every
box.

d: 1 oo

1 worth

m

Roses 30c

To introduce our famous
C. & J. Roses into flower
gardens everywhere, we make
this unprecedented offer:

„ Choice Ever Blooming Roses,

Including i Beauty of Rosemawr, rich variegated
carmine.! Mrs. B. R. Cant, intense cherry red,
also I yellow, r pink, i white and i variegated,
all first class kinds, some new.

A Book on Roses, full of valuable Information.
A 25c. Coupon good on first ft order, also our
New Floral Guide, r36 pages, of 500 choice
plants for improving Home Grounds.

All the above for 30 cents.

Only one order to a customer. You'll want more
C. & J. Roses— that's why we do it. Write to-day.

The Conard & Jones Co.

** Growers of

the Bett Rons in America.'

Box 4, West Grove,

Htghest Award

St. Louis. 1904

A WOMAN FLORIST

HARDY EVERBLOOMING,

f HARDY EY!

QROSES

0a their own roots.
ALL WILL BLOOM
THIS SUMMER.

25

Sent to any address post-paid ; guaranteed to reach you
in good growing condition.

GEM ROSE COLLECTION

Bessie Brown, white flushed pink.

Helen Gould, bright red.

Frances E. Willard, pure white.

Bouquet of Gold, golden yellow.

Winnie Davis, apricot pink.

Admiral Schley, deep red.

Special BARGAINS
6 Carnations, the "Divine
Flower,” all colors, . 25c.

8 Prize-Winning Chry¬
santhemums . . . 25c.

8 Beautiful Coleus, will make
a charming bed
8 Sweet-Scented Tuberoses
6 Fuchsias, all different,

10 Lovely Gladiolus . .

10 Superb Pansy Plants
15 Pkts. Flower Seeds, all different, 25c.

Any Five Collections for One Dollar, Post-paid 1
Guarantee satisfaction. Once a customer, always one. Catalog Free.
MISS ELLA V. BAINES, Box 88 Springfield, Ohio

Our large 150 page Illus¬
trated Catalogue of
Ideal Seeds, Plants® Bulbs,
and a nice plant of the popular

CHINESE
DWARF
\ 0TAHEITE

If you wi 11 send us the addresses of
five persons interested in buying

_ JSeeds and Plants and six cents to pay

postage. This orange is easily grown and will bear beautiful
and fragrant flowers and fine fruit. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address THE TEMPLIW CO., Dept 10 Calln, Ohio.

ORANGE

GLADIOLI

THE BEST IN THE WORLD

Groff’s Hybrids, (Genuine) and other high-
grade Strains, Winners of the GRAND
PRIZE, World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904.
Write for illustrated catalogue.

ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Berlin, N. Y.

\?WE WANT AGENTS

in every town to ride and sell our bicycles.
Good pay. Finest guaranteed 1905 MODELS,
with Puncture-Proof ^ f

tires.Coaster-Brakes 0 * C/ W

1903 & 1904 models 019

of Best Makes . * 10

500 Second-Hand Wheel*

All makes & Mod- O fib O

el» good as new fo

CLEARING SALE at half cost.

We SHIP ON APPROVAL and

TEH DAYS TRIAL to anyone

-without a cent deposit. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicyde.

TIRES, SUNDRIES. AUTOMOBILES.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, w so CHICAGO

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,

Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City

THF NORTHWESTERN LINE.

One of the most interesting series of
articles on the subject of the great rail¬
ways of the country that has appeared
recently is that from the pen of Frank H.
Spearman recently published in the Satur¬
day Evening Post, and which has since
been printed in book form by Scribners.
The chapter descriptive of the Chicago &
North-Western Ry. has been published by
the passenger department of that line in
pamphlet form for general distribution and
will be sent to any address on receipt of
2c. for postage. W. B. Knlskern, P. T. M.,
Chicago.

$5 lgsy’hg’ Farm

At I Vest Egg Harbor, N. «/.

On direct line of Reading and Pennsylvania
Railroads. Level, rich, loamy sot), free trom
rocks and stones. Only 17 miles from ocean and
that greatest of seashore resorts -Atlantic City.
Convenient to good schools, churches, stores and
railroad stations ; also to largest and best-paying
markets in America. Almost perfect climate.
No severe weather either way. Plowing can
generally be commenced in February. Location
high, dry, healthy. No swamps. No malaria.
Pure water. Title insured and guaranteed free
and clear. Immediate possession, if desired. If
you wish, we’ll build you a house and take pay¬
ment same as rent. 8oil especially suitable for
truck, vegetables and for strawberries and other
early fruits, and raising poultry, which brings
fancy prices. Five acres, $100. If you wish only
a garden plot we will sell an acre for $35. Re¬
member our terms— only $5 down and $5 monthly.

Thousands of men in this part of South Jersey
make handsome Incomes from five-acre plots.
If you want a real estate investment that will
increase rapidly in value, send for our booklet.

DOBBS Sc FRAZIER

620 Bailey Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

UNDE

Awarded the GRAND PRIZE (highest award) at St.
Louis Exposition, 1904. It makes no difference what
typewriter you now use or have used, the machine
you will eventually buy is the UNDERWOOD.
Underwood Typewriter Co.. 241 Broadway, N. Y. City.

THE HESSLER

Rural Mail box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mall
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Bouvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co„ Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

Get it

from your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER , CHILDREN

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE, and MEN.

268

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

March 25, 1905.

PROGRESS it f FERTILIZATION

» s

is being made from yea cO year. Both the Why and the How of
the question of Feeding ~ops is becoming better understood

_ t-*_ _ _ _

to

Every Advance in the Pglbtical Art of Applying Fertilizers,
Every New Fact Demonstrated in the Science of Plant Feeding

UNITE IN TESTIFYING TO THE MERITS OF THE

MAPES MANURES

The farmer, trucker, fruit grower who use the MAPES MANURES, the official chemist who analyzes them, and the State Experiment Station
scientists who test them, agree as to the special merits of the MAPES MANURES, and as to their profitable use. They have stood the test of practical
experienci for over half a century in all varieties of soils (fhe lightest to the heaviest), of crops, of climates, from Maine to the West Indies and California.

During the past year, 1904, the leading agricultural papers, including the American Agriculturist, Rural New Yorker, New England Homestead,
Orange Judd Farmer (Chicago), Country Life and others, have contained full reports of visits by their editors and representatives to the farms of some of
the leading representatives of the most successful growers on a large scale of fruit, nursery stock, truck, special crops, including cantaloupes (Rocky
Fords 60 acres), strawberries 200 to 300 acres, orange groves 500 acres and upwards, asparagus 200 to 300 acres, etc. These growers, whose
methods have been described in our pamphlets, have used the Mapes Complete Manures for many years, some of them 500 tons and upwards annually. In
cases where the soil is extreme’y light, in cantaloupe growing, they use some purchased farm and stable manure in addition to the fertilizer. This is more
particularly in the beginning to conserve moisture. As a rule they have purchased no barn or stable manures for many years.

Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing of Celery (over $ 1 1 500, 3 1 acres); also on Strawberries, Truck, Small Fruit ; Tobacco
on Varied Soils ; Fertilizer Farming Up-to-Date (general farm crops); Oranges and All Tropical Fruits in Florida; Top-Dressing of Lawns, Golf Links,
Parks with the ‘‘Mapes Top Dresser Improved” (ammonia 12 per cent., phosphoric acid 8 per cent., potash 4 per cent). The highest grade, the most
soluble and quick acting of any made, fine, dry and free from odor.

IN SENDING FOR PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED.

’ y, - ' ^ • ; *

The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co.

14=3 Liloerty Street^ New YorbL.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE! PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beaut iful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. 0. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. ,New York

Fertilizes *| Eureka

Planter

correctly, plants
correctly. One
row furnished
when ordered.
Write for cat¬
alogue.

Plants Corn, Beans,
Peas, Beets and Tur¬
nip Seed. Plants
In htll8or drills.
For checking
In squares,
we furnish
a wire
check
rower.

EUREKA MOWER CO. Utica, N.Y.4

Copyrighted.

“A Dog on Good Scale.”

You Can Save From $30. to $50.

— BY BUYING OUB —

KNOD1G”

No Pit to Dig. 8 Inches Over All. Steel Frame.

This 8cale Is complete when It leaves our
factory, with the exception of floor planks.

. , WHITE FOB FBEE CATALOGUE.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO

Dept. Z 5 Kansas City, Mo. Branch, Dayton, 0.

HANDY STEEL

WHEEL \!^/

The Farmers

"Hand Wagon is the original
^ low-down wagon. It was invented by „
a farmer to make farm work lighter- He knew
Thy experience the hard work of loading and unload-
ling high-wheeled wagons. He wanted a wagon that
Iwould be low-down-easy to load and easy to draw— that
Iwould roll over soft ground without cutting in. The

FARMERS HANDY WAGON

is the perfected result of his efforts to solve the farm wagon
problem. We are making a wagon that is especially fitted for
all sorts of farm work, that can be sold at a reasonable price,
and warranted for five years. All dealers sell it. It takes
I quite a catalogue to tell all about it, and it makes mighty |
Jinteresting reading. Write direct to us for a copy. It's .tree i

FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO., Saginaw, Mich.

Branches: Kansas city and Des Moines.

Maker* of Handy All Stool Sttoo and Handy Hay and Stock Rack. Catalog* fr*o.

: H

■ V

A Sure
Money Maker
On the Farm

She

When you buy a Cream Separator
you cheat yourself if you don’t get
the machine that makes and saves
the most money for you. Cream,
repairs and oil — all represent money.

United States Cream Separator

holds the world’s record for clean skimming — saves cream every day
that other separators lose.

Substantial and simple — extremely durable. No joints to work
loose, no ratchet pin to break off, no exposed gears to be injured — no
repairs.

Perfect adjustment of working parts — no oil wasted.

You can’t make your cows pay you as they should without a U. S.
Cream Separator. Write for free illustrated catalogue to-day.

The Vermont Farm Machine Company ;EELLR0;8FoALNLi

Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City. Ia.,
Kansas City, Mo., Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal . Portland, Ore., Buffalo,
N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and Sherbrooke, Que., Hamilton, Ont.

Address all letters to Bellows Falls, Vl

STEEL

DRUMS

FRAME

UNO ROLLER

Get catalogue of 1, 2, 3 & 4 horse
Tread Powers, Sweep
Powers, Grain Separal
tors, Hand and Power l
Corn Shellers, Grind- f
ing Mill, Com Plant¬
ers, Cultivators, Steam
and Gasoline Engines, _

2 to 25 horse, mounted or stationery, etcT"

THE ALESSINGEB MFG. CO., Tatamy, Pa.

A GOOD NAME IS BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and you will have reliable,
safe and economical power.
Ill'd Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
poses. from H to 2# horse power.
Also Steam Boilers and Engines, Saw
Mills. Feed Mills, Cider Presses and
supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO.,
39 Cortlandt St„ New York City.

DOG POWERS

BEST, CHEAPEST.

HARDER MFG. CO.
Box 11 Coblixklll I T

EXCURSIONS

TO THE

Free Grant Lands

OF

WESTERN

CANADA

During the months of March and April
there will be excursions on the various
lines of railway to the Canadian West.

Hundreds of thousands of acres of the
best Wheat and Grazing Lands on the
Continent free to the settlers.

Adjoining lands may be purchased
from railway and land companies at
reasonable prices. For information as to
route, cost of transportation, etc., apply

THOS. DUNCAN

Canadian Govt. Agt., Syracuse, N. Y.

Mention this paper.

Vol. LXIV. Wo. 2»T9.

NEW YORK, APRIL 1, 1905.

•fl PER YEAR.

"C0W0L00Y” IN A DAIRY BARN.

A FARMERS’ INSTITUTE ON THE FARM.

Clean Barn, Feeding, Handling, Breeding.

AN INSTITUTE IN A COW STABLE.— I have
attended institutes in churches, theatres, courthouses,
schoolhouses and halls of various kinds, some pleasant,
warm, light and well ventilated; others gloomy, cold,
dark and the air so bad that the audience soon got
drowsy and the speakers prosy. Never until March 8
did I attend one in a cow stable. Such a one was
held at the farm of H. C. Cook, Denmark, Lewis
County, N. Y. There were present 350 men and women
and 50 cows. This in spite of the fact that the roads
were full of snow and the “going”
really dangerous.

THE STABLE.— Mr. Cook’s barn is
such a one as any thrifty farmer could
build. Not at all the expensive, often
unpractical structure seen on the so-
called “model farms” of wealthy men.

The stable is nine feet high, built in
the form of an L, the long side being
90 feet; the cow stable 36 feet wide, the
short arm of the L running out nine
feet farther, and in this are the horse
stalls. The two rows of cows face to- ^ T*

ward the wall, with a feeding alley of /
ample width in front. The space be¬
hind the cows is wide enough to drive
a wagon through and load in the ma¬
nure from either side. Alongside of
the horse stalls end are the granary /
and silo. Except for the space occu¬
pied by these there are double win¬
dows, making the stable light enough
to read in anywhere. The floors are
cement and the gutters the same. The
walls are double sheathed with an air
space between, and sided overhead
with matched and beaded pine, inex¬
pensive but neat. The cows are fas¬
tened with swinging stanchions. The
whole stable, except the ceiling, was
covered with cold water white paint.

V EN I ILATION. — On each side of
the stable are two ventilating shafts,

30 feet from either end, and opposite
each other. They are made of matched
pine and lined with tar paper, each
three feet wide and one foot thick, run¬
ning from the floor up the side to the
upper floor (used as a hay loft) and
following the roof to the peak, where
the two come together in a neat cupola.

The foul air goes out near the floor.

There is also a little door in each shaft
near the ceiling that can be opened ^ ^y

when the weather is warm. The fresh
air comes in through four-inch tin
tubes starting near the ground on the outside, running
between the sheathing and opening into the stable a
foot below the ceiling. There was not a sign of damp¬
ness in the walls, and the ventilation so perfect that
wrhen I held my handkerchief near the floor at the
opening of the ventilating shaft it was drawn in. Be¬
fore the people gathered the thermometer stood at 58
degrees, and at the close of the session, after the stable
had been filled with 400 animals (human and bovine)
it stood at 70 degrees. At no time was there the slight¬
est stable odor, or, as is so often the case when coming
from outside into a crowded room, the offensive smell
of fetid breath.

ARRANGEMENT FOR THE MEETING.— A little
platform was put up at one 5nd of the alley for the
speakers. The floor was covered with shavings.
Jhiough the alley were set chairs across which pine

boards were laid as seats for the audience. A wire
was strung behind the cows on which were hung bran
sacks as a partition between the two classes (cows and
humans). I he whole stable was neatly decorated with
flags and red, white and blue papers, expressing a senti¬
ment approved by both cows and humans.

THE DINNER.— T oo much cannot be said in praise
of Mr. Cook's neighbors, the members of the Denmark
Grange, who did so much to make the institute a suc¬
cess, not only by their presence, but their loyal assist¬
ance. At the close of the morning session the boards
were taken from the chairs, these pushed aside, and as
the audience crowded toward the cattle, as if by magic,
from the adjoining granary tables were brought in and

Pounds Average

Food

Milk-

milk

value

cost

Cash

value

Cows.

per

per

per

per

per 100

Profit

cow.

100.

cow.

cow.

of feed.

per

10

5,008

78.3

,$20.00

$39.07

$1.52

$13.07

15

5,784

80.5

30.00

40.58

1.30

10.58

15

5,784

80.5

30.00

40.38

1.30

10.58

13

5,71 7

75.1

35.40

43.07

1.24

7.61

15

3,783

75.5

24.00

28.00

1.19

4.60

9

4.117

79.4

31.02

32.73

1.05

1.71

19

3,094

70.

20.00

21.63

.83

9

2,872

71.6

20.00

20.56

.79

8

3.270

80.3

29.01

28.22

.97

20

2,174

72.4

29.00

16.18

.55

This shows

not only a

wide variation in the j

4.37

5.44

.79

14.82

DER BLACKBERRY VINE WITH 1,500 BERRIES.

See l’age 272.

placed end to end in the alley, set with dishes and good
Grange fare. The chairs were drawn up, and in less
than 15 minutes from the time of adjournment we were
eating heartily. Seldom have I enjoyed a meal more.
The air was pure, the company of the best, the food the
same, and a feeling of repulsion so often experienced in
public eating houses, because of the surroundings, was
entirely absent. In less than an hour and a half 280,
exclusive of the cows, were well fed.

1 HE PROGRAMME. — The first speaker was Geo. A.
Smith, of the Geneva Station, whose subject was “Feed¬
ing the Dairy Cow.” He showed the following very
suggestive chart, compiled from statistics gathered in
Chautauqua County by Mr. W. A. Patrick, of the De¬
partment of Agriculture, as the statement of patrons
of a creamery where the milk was sold on its fat
content :

tion per cow, value of the milk per 100 pounds, cost
of feed, receipts, value of milk per $L worth of feed
and profit or loss per cow. While the cows giving
the larger flow all gave a profit, it will be noticed that
the greatest profit, as well as value of
milk for $1 worth of fjed, did not
come from the cows giving the great¬
est flow or the highest value per cow.
This was because they were fed a
home-grown ration. Mr. Smitji showed
by giving clover, oats and peas and
Alfalfa with the corn silage the cattle
can be kept in good condition, and
milk be made more economically than
when the high-priced protein grains
are fed, and emphasized the fact that
it is the net profit and not the gross
sales the farmers should look for.
USEFUL REMEDIES EXEM-
, PLIFIED. — He was followed by Dr.

C. D. Smead, of Schuyler County. He
was dressed in overalls and jumper,
' and led on the platform a fine cow.

• i '

and showed how an animal can be re-
, lieved from bloat by placing a stick
in the mouth and tying it behind the
ears with a string or band of hay or
straw. In more severe cases he showed
j how with a jack-knife a hole can be
made in the paunch, to let the gas
escape. Always in the left side, insert
the knife at a point midway between
the hip bone and first rib and a hand’s
width below the short rib, always with
the edge of blade toward the udder
and pointed as though it were to come
out at the flank on the opposite side.
In case an animal eats an overdose of
grain give from four to six quarts of
water and repeat after 15 minutes.
This will soften the mass and allow it
to pass through the bowels. Give in
addition one quart of raw linseed oil.
If relief does not come within an hour,
repeat the dose of oil and follow with
a quart of ginger tea. In case of
choking give a little linseed oil to lu-
Fig. 112. bricate the gullet. Fie then showed

how a clevis could be put in a cow’s
mouth ; through it the hand may be in¬
serted and the obstacle removed. In case it is too far
down to reach with the hand, take six feet of inch rope,
soak in water so it will stiffen, draw the cords over in
the form of a bulb, and crowd the obstruction into the
stomach. He also illustrated how in cases of milk fever
air could be forced into the udder by a rubber syringe,
and with a milk tube or in lieu of that by a bicycle
pump. In the latter case, care should be exercised not
to force the air too fast. Then tie the teats with tape
to prevent its escaping. Always sterilize the milk tube
by placing it in boiling water or carbolic acid. Never
use a long milk tube. W ith the cow before the audience
these things were made so clear that any farmer could
readily see how to act in such cases.

PRODUCING SANIT.ARY MILK.-After dinner
Prof. R. A. Pearson, of Cornell, made an address on
the above subject. In such a stable, with the clean cows

270

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April i,

in view, nicely bedded, the long hairs clipped from their
udders, the Hanks clipped half way up, it was not a

CORROSION OP STEER PIPE. Fig. 113.
See Rural isms, Page 280.

difficult problem. Score cards like the lollowing were
passed through the audience :

A SCORE CARD

FOR JUDGING THE SANITARY CONDITION OF DAIRIES.

PROPOSED BY R. A. PEARSON,

Professor of Dairy Industry, College of Agriculture, Cornell

University.

I. Health of the herd and its protection :

Points de- Points
Perfect, ticient. credited,
of cows

Health and proper Isolation
sick or at calving time.

Light in stable .

Ventilation of stable .

Food and water .

Comfort of cows .

9

3

3

3

‘>

Total . . . 20

II. Cleanliness of the cows and their

surroundings :

Cows . . . . .

Stable .

Barnyard and pasture.
Stable air .

6

■t

4

6

Total . 20

III. Utensils:

Water supply and location and pro¬
tection of its source . . 0

Construction of utensils and their

cleaning and sterilizing . *>

Care of utensils after cleaning . o

Use of small-top milking pail . . 3

Total . 20

IV. Attendants :

Health . J

Clean overall milking suits and
milking with clean, dry hands. . . t

Quiet milking, attention to cleanli
ness of udder and discarding fore
milk . 4

Total . 20

V. Handling of milk : , , ,

Prompt removal from the stable to

pure air . i

Cooling . ‘

Handling milk in a sanitary room
and holding it at. a low temper¬
ature . .

Total . 20

6

Total score

If the total score is
96 or above ....
90 or above. . . .
80 or above ....
Below 80 .

100

And each division is
1 8 or above. . . .
10 or above. . . .
12 or above. . . .
Or any division is
below 12 .

The dairy is
EXCELLENT.
GOOD.
MEDIUM.
POOR.

for

These have been formulated by Prof. Pearson .
use in examination of such dairies, and by comparison
with the surroundings in many particulars it was not
a difficult matter for him to verify the truth of his

subject.

THE POINTS OF A GOOD DAIRY COW.— Henry
Van Dreser, of Cobleskill, made the concluding address
of the afternoon on the above subject. This was made
vivid by a living illustration from one of Mr. Cook's
cows, a three-fourths Holstein, 12 years old, within two
days of completing a year’s record, due to calve next
Fall. Thus far she has given 22,500 pounds of milk,
with an average test of 3.3 per cent of butter fat. Mr.
Van Dreser said she was as nearly a perfect type of
cow as he had ever seen. She was a living illustration
of several things. First, that a good cow need not be
a highed-priccd purebred. Her grandmother was a very
ordinary cow, her mother — the daughter of a fine pure¬
bred Holstein bull — a very good one. Her sire was
also a pure blood Holstein. No such cow could ever
have been produced from a scrub, or even grade bull.
Next, that good feeding docs not “wear out’ a cow.
This cow has always been well fed. With her horns cut
off she would surely have been taken for a six-year-old.
While always a good cow, never till two years ago did
she do anything remarkable. Then after calving it was
noticed she seemed to suffer from a too full udder
between milking. They then began to milk her three
times a day, and fed her better, with the result that last
year she gave 17,500 pounds of milk. This year she has
eaten about 20 pounds of grain daily, with an abundance
of bulky food every day, Summer or Winter. This is
not a large grain ration considering the milk she gives.
Her yield for the year is nearly four times as much as

that of the best cow shown in Mr. Smith’s chart, and
five pounds of grain, one- fourth of this cow’s ration, for
such a cow would be light feeding. Had she been
allowed to shrink in her flow, through insufficient and
scanty food last Summer when milk was low, she would
not be giving 50 pounds daily now with milk worth
$1.40 per 100. Lastly, she is a living example that a
cow should not be condemned if she does not make a
large record as a young animal, if she has the points
of a good producer, even if her production is only
moderate. The meeting was presided over by D. P.
Witter, of Berkshire, Tioga County, who with Mr. Van
Dreser spoke to the people in the evening at the Grange
Hall. There were in addition to the citizens of the
locality many prominent men from the county, as well
as the State. As a practical demonstration of “cow-
ology” I have never seen its equal, even in the many
State Dairy Associations I have attended.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

HOW CLOSE TO PLANT APPLE TREES.

The report of the Western New York Horticultural So¬
ciety, page 98, speaks of l’rof. Craig’s illustrated talk on

SAWING WOOD ON AN ILLINOIS FARM. Fig. 114.

"The Results ot urenard Survey in Wayne and Monroe
Counties,” in which he is quoted as follows: “lie said that
the worst enemy of the apple orchard is the apple tree.
Close planting is ruinous. Statistics show that the yield
per acre steadily decreases as the number of trees per acre
is increased." Does this refer to orchards planted 20 or 30
feet apart, and none of the trees taken out as they grow
and interlap? Which orchards do you consider will bring
the owner more money per acre, trees planted 40 feet apart
each way or those planted with standard trees 40 x 40 feet
and tilled in with varieties of a dwarfish habit, such as
Wealthy? That makes the orchard stand 20 x 20 until they
have yielded a few crops, and as soon as the limbs meet to
take out the filler trees, thus leaving the orchard stand
40 by 40 feet. I would very jnuch like to have your opinion

AN ILLINOIS FARM WOODPILE. Fig. 115.

which orchard would yield the best returns over a period
of, say, 20 years? H. t. d.

New Jersey.

My remarks on the results of an orchard survey in
Wayne County, and with special reference to the dis¬
tance of planting trees, did not apply to trees that were
planted as close as 20 by 20 or even 25 by 25 feet
apart. The bearing apple trees in that section were
largely planted about war times. Many of them were
planted two rods apart each way. These are now
crowding badly, and every other tree should be taken
out. In this sense, the worst enemy of the orchard
is the tree itself. The filler method is one which I be¬
lieve in, if it is thoroughly carried out. There is no
reason at all why temporary trees should not be planted
20 by 20 or even less distance if these fillers are
removed before they injure the permanent trees. An¬
swering your questions specifically, of course an or¬
chard planted with fillers like Wealthy, so that the
distance between the trees is 20 by 20 feet, will be
vastly more productive in the first 20 years than an
orchard planted 40 by 40. The standard varieties do
not reach their maximum period of productivity under
35 years in western New York. Spys are just coming

into bearing at 20 years, so that it is eminently wise to
occupy the ground during this interval; but at the
same time it is also eminently wise to see that the
temporary occupants of the ground do not injure those
which are meant to be permanent. john craig.

CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF POTATOES OR
STRAWBERRIES.

Paying crops of potatoes can be grown on the same
soil continuously for a period of years without a green
crop rotation, provided an application of stable manure
is used to supply the humus which is so necessary to
keep the soil in a friable condition. I have a plot of
ground that has been cropped continuously for 15 years,
not having grown a green crop to be plowed under dur¬
ing that time. We have grown potatoes on a portion of
that plot five consecutive years without manure or fertil¬
izer of any kind, which yielded 195 bushels per acre,
while another plot which had been manured two years
previous, and had grown a crop of strawberries, yielded
227 bushels per acre. I do not claim the above is
good farming, but it is good conditions .for experi¬
menting. There are market gardens about New York
that have been continuously cropped for upwards of 50
years. But the supply of fertilizer and humus has been
kept up by very liberal applications of stable manure, in
some cases 40 tons per acre, besides from 1,000 to 2,000
pounds of commercial fertilizer. Soil treated in the
above manner is bound to be productive. The only
possible objection to growing the same crop contin-
ously for a period of years is that the enemies of the
crop (both insect and fungi) increase annually where
there is no change. The above is especially so with
the potato. South of New York Crimson clover can
be sown after early potatoes, to be plowed under in the
Spring, thus supplying nitrogen as well as humus.

As to strawberries, it will pay much better to rotate,
as the strawberry needs the humus most one year after
the plants arc set. It is impracticable to supply large
quantities of manure at the time of setting without in¬
creasing the labor of caring for the plants, and running
some risk of injury from drought the first Summer.
My plan has been to manure a sod liberally, say 35 to
40 loads per acre, planting the same to corn, giving the
best of cultivation to destroy the weeds, thus lessening
the labor the following season. The plot is set to
strawberries, which are picked one season ; as soon as
picking is over, the strawberries and mulch are plowed
under, and the plot sown with buckwheat, to be again
plowed under and sown to rye and seeded down to
Timothy and clover. Cut two years, then again manure
for corn. Thus we have a five-year rotation with one
application of manure and two lots of material to
plow under, besides the sod. There are several combi¬
nations that will work as well as the above. A reason¬
able amount of chemical fertilizer applied to the buck¬
wheat and rye will generally pay.

JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

HAULING MANURE DAILY.— Said one of my
neighbors to-day: “I have been getting better crops
and increasing the productiveness of my farm constantly
since I commenced hauling manure and spreading it
daily.” A majority of our farmers are doing the same
thing, and the number of them who are thus doing
is increasing. In no other locality save in one where
the Borden Company purchases the milk, do 1 know
of so many farmers who take out the manure daily.
Commonly it has been supposed that the principal rea¬
son for doing this is one of cleanliness and sanitation,
but the idea is coming more to the front that soil
fertility is thus increased over what it would be by haul¬
ing at long intervals. Get the manure on the land
the day it is made is coming to be the mandate. There
are some who haul it at frequent intervals, but de¬
posit in small piles, and then spread in Spring. In al¬
most every instance this practice is not upheld by our
institute instructors and our men of science, nor does
it seem to be sustained by experience. The extra work,
the unequal fertilization, and the actual waste in some
instances, all argue against the practice, and there is
little or nothing to be said in favor. Perhaps the most
extreme view of any that 1 have known was made

A GOOD PRUNING SAW. Fig. 116. See Page 277.

prominent at a recent institute. “How long before an
expected freshet is it safe to spread manure on a river
flat?” The answer was: “If I could be reasonably
sure of three weeks’ time before a freshet I would
spread it.” This supposes that the flat is simply over¬
flowed, but not washed by the river. h. h. lyon.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

271

STRAWBERRIES YEAR AFTER YEAR.

Whether strawberries can be grown year after year
on the same ground will depend upon the soil, its con¬
dition, available fertility, the amount and kind of work
the grower is willing to expend on the Perry field and
whether the work is done when it should be. Straw¬
berries of all crops will not stand neglect at any time
and yield the largest returns, and therefore if the grower
cannot, or will not, spend the necessary time and
money properly to renew and care for the old berry
field, he would better not undertake to grow berries
continually on the same ground, but rather plow them
up after the second crop. Strawberries can, however,
be profitably grown on the same land for a number of
years. I have a field, Fig. 117, from which the fifth
crop was picked last June.

This field has a deep clay soil. A crop of corn pre¬
ceded the berries. About the middle of August Crim¬
son clover was sown among the standing corn and har¬
rowed in. The corn was removed in the Fall. The
clover continued to grow, and made a good growth in
the Spring. It was allowed to ripen seed, and was then
plowed so that the furrow did not quite cover all the
clover. Then the field was harrowed both ways. In
a short time the clover came up thick all over the
ground. It made a poor growth that Summer, but in
the Fall and Spring it made an immense growth. The
crop was turned under about the middle
of April, and the strawberries set out.

The berries were given good cultivation,
plenty of high-grade fertilizers were
applied each year, and the field renewed
immediately after each fruiting season.

It was intended to retain the field for
another crop, but the extreme drought
of last Summer, which continued even
into Winter, has made it necessary to
plow up this field. For several reasons
1 desire to reset this land to berries as
soon as possible. This is my plan :

Next Spring this field will be plowed,
part set to tomatoes and the remainder
planted to green beans, to be used in the
farm canning factory. Crimson clover
will be sown among the tomatoes the
last of July, and this plowed under the
next Spring, after going to seed, and
then plow under the second crop of
clover the next Spring and set to straw¬
berries. On the other part the beans
will be harvested in time to sow clover
in August, and then it will be treated the
same as the rest of the field. Thus

<r

there will be five crops of berries, one
crop of tomatoes or beans and two crops
of Crimson clover grown in seven years.

Hereafter I intend to grow but four
crops of berries and then plow the field
up after the fruiting season, which ends
here the last week in June, and cultivate
until the first part of August, when
Crimson clover will be sown. The cul¬
tivation will help to retain the moisture
for the clover, and will also kill many
weed seeds in the soil. The clover will
be plowed under as early in the Spring
as possible after it has made a good
growth. Beans will now be planted,

will not prove satisfactory to the average man. It
sounds very attractive simply to set a tree in sod, mulch
it, and gather profitable crops of fruit within a few
years, and ever after. As a matter of fact, few such
orchards ever will be a factor of much influence on the
apple market, either from poverty of soil, lack of mois¬
ture, insufficient mulch or general neglect. In the vast
majority of cases the young orchard ought to be culti¬
vated up to the time it comes into full bearing. There
may be intervals of an odd year when it can be put
into clover, for the betterment of the land, or to check
too rapid growth. The best evidence that this is sound
advice is to look abroad anywhere, and note the or¬
chards handled after both methods. Those that are
thriving and profitable under the sod-mulch system when
young are so rare as to be conspicuous when found.
The profitable ones under the other plan arc legion.

When the orchard comes into full bearing, thrifty,
deep and well rooted, through good cultivation and
feeding, unquestionably in many instances it can be
seeded down, the grass clipped and left to lie on the
ground, and that from the center put under the trees
a little farther than the branches extend. But to obtain
best results additional mulch should be added. This is
a much more economical method than cultivation, and
does give results. A better way is to seed down with a
variety of pasture grasses, and fill the orchard with

'

.

V

using a new plant to learn all I can about it. Rape
comes in excellent play used as a catch crop. But it
can hardly be used in place of the staple crops grown
on the farm. While it often pays well to sow it in
corn at last cultivation for late Fall forage, it would
hardly pay to sow it in the Spring, instead of planting
the corn. When grass fails in wheat it can follow
wheat, but it would not be good farming to discard the
wheat to sow rape. As to how much land it would be
necessary to sow to furnish forage for five brood sows
and their following, depends on the kind of land it is
sown on. Rape is a gross feeder, and cannot be sown
on land too rich for it to thrive. On the other hand, it
will not pay to sow it on thin clay soil. The largest
yields can be had by drilling in rows, manuring in the
rows, and cultivating, but I would prefer to sow broad¬
cast on rich well prepared soil.

If sown in rows for cultivation use about ll/2 to two
pounds of seed per acre, in rows 30 inches apart. If
sown broadcast three to five pounds of seed per acre
must be used. Use only the Dwarf Essex variety. It
will take about six weeks of favorable weather for it
to make sufficient growth for hog pasture. They will
eat all but the stems of the leaves and stalks. Then,
if they are taken off, it will grow a new set of leaves in
a short time;. it will probably do this two or more times.
But the most satisfactory results are had from
sowing at intervals of, say, two weeks.
Sow a third of the field to be used for
this purpose, as early in April as danger
of frost is past. In two weeks, sow an¬
other third, and in three weeks, the
remaining third. Then pasture in
same order, and plow and resow during
the season, as the plants tail to recuper¬
ate after pasturing. The best way to
sow in drills, will be to use a garden
seed drill in the furrows. Broadcast, use
one of the broadcast hand seed sowers
and cover with a light harrow. It will
not pay to cut and feed, as when this
is done, a second or third growth can¬
not be expected. The best way to feed
it is to turn the hogs on it, but it will be
necessary for the sows, while suckling,
to have some grain with it.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

and they will be harvested in time to sow clover again
in August or September. This clover crop will be
plowed under in the Spring, and strawberries set out.
This would be a five-year rotation, and will allow the
growing of seven crops in the five years; four berry
crops, one of beans and two of clover. I believe this
is better than the seven-year rotation. The rotation is
shortened, there will be more certainty of securing a
good stand of clover, and by growing the beans be¬
tween the crops of clover there will be a larger yield
of beans, and the first crop of clover will have time to
decompose and become thoroughly mixed with the soil,
thus making the nitrogen it contains more available.
A high-grade fertilizer containing a high per cent of
phosphoric acid and potash, with but little nitrogen, is
used each year. What nitrogen is usect will be in the
form of nitrate of soda. elmer g. tufts.

MULCHED OR PASTURED ORCHARDS.

Much has been written of late about the growing of
apples with sort mulch or even pasturing with sheep and
yet maintaining good crops and orchards. This is, I believe,
being most successfully done in the region of the Great
Lakes, where the soil is of the retentive glacial character,
and where the air is humid from the influence of the lakes,
the heat less intense than elsewhere and ttie Summer rain
probably greater and more regular. It is possible that
methods applicable there will not do elsewhere.

Pennsylvania. j. r. s.

d here are a few notable orchards, in such sections as
described, that have been and are profitable under the
sod mulch system from the time of setting. Yet I feel
confident that even there, as well as elsewhere, that plan

A Fl^VE-YEAR-OLD STRAWBERRY FIELD. Fig. 117.

sheep and hogs. I speak of this with much confidence
after 26 years’ experience. The animals should have
some extra feed beside the grass; this will help enrich
the orchard. They will keep down the grass so it does
not evaporate the water, fertilize the orchard and eat
the worm-infested fruit, thus lessening the per cent of
wormy apples. I have had crops when others did not
in cultivated orchards of high-colored clean fruit. The
only objection is that the sheep will cat off the lower
branches. It is not practical with low-headed trees.
Such must be the orchards of the future. Much of the
labor and all the fertility problem is solved by this
method. The fruit will mature a little earlier, be better
colored, more free from scab and worms, and keep better
than in the cultivated orchard. There will not be quite
so heavy a setting as a rule, nor will the fruit be quite
so large. In the cultivated orchard the increased foliage
means less sunlight, consequently more scab and a
lighter-colored fruit. e. van alstyne.

RAPE FOR A HOG PASTURE.

When is the best time to sow rape for hogs? I have five
brood sows, and want to know about how large a piece
would probably keep them. Would they thrive if fed noth¬
ing else? Would it be profitable to sow in rows, cultivate,
cut and feed? Wliaf variety would lie best to sow? Could
it be sown with Empire grain drill? How far apart should
rows be sown? IIow long should it be let to grow before
beginning to cut for feed? Does it succeed best on high,
low, sandy or clay land? w. s.

Auburn, N. Y.

While I have had some experience with rape, it has
been in a limited way. It has been my custom before

APPLE NOTES FROM OHIO.

Replying to the inquiry on page 253,
about top-working Ben Davis to Rome
Beauty and other varieties, I have had
no experience in that business. I surely
would want some other kind besides Ben
Davis, and Rome Beauty is one of the
best market varieties in that locality for
a late Winter kind when kept in cold
storage, and there is no better storage
apple for profit. York Imperial may be
good if well taken care of. Grimes Golden
for a fancy eating apple is one of the
best, if properly handled, and is good
storage stock. Jonathan is also good for
dessert, but must be picked rather early
and put into storage, to be kept till
the demand calls for it. The Ensee
is a promising new variety, but the
scions cannot be had now for grafting,
as about all of them have been disposed of for this
season, and in fact no great quantity can be had for
several years. The ordinary grower may be satisfied
with Ben Davis, but as the inquirer wishes to get
something else I take it that he wants varieties of
good quality as well as good commercial fruit. The
Rome Beauty and York Imperial are not as good eat¬
ing apples as the last named three, and I cannot say
they will pay better in the long run, but Rome Beauty
will keep better when well ripened before picking than
the others. I can think of no other kinds grown here
that suit well, unless it is Ralls, which is very fine when
well grown, but the fruit must be thinned severely or it
will be very small. When the ripening season is very
rainy they crack badly sometimes, but otherwise they
will keep with the latest, and are appreciated when ripe
as few other kinds are. When it becomes known to a
consumer N he will pay as much for them as any kind
I ever grew. I sold nearly all of mine last Fall as
soon as picked for $3 per barrel, and got $4 for a few
kept later, when the best Kings were bringing only
$3.50.

We have had less than half the usual amount of
rainfall in the last six months. In December there
were 2.59 inches, in January 2^27, and in February
2.23 inches, and in the three before that I had no
ram gauge, but I estimate it at &e inch for the three
months. The annual rainfall is %out 39 inches here.
It is raining now, and promises to ne a good one before
it is over, as a half inch fell last night. About three-
fourths or more of the peach buds are dead in south¬
ern Ohio ; were killed February 14, when it was seven
degrees below zero, the coldest here this Winter. It
was colder along the creeks on February 16, but not so
cold on the hills. All other tree fruits are in good
shape yet. u. ^ cox

Lawrence Co., Ohio.

272

April l,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.!

A PRIZE BLACKBERRY BUSH.

E. C. Brown, of Vermont, who sent us
the photograph pictured on first page, says
of it: “This is a hill of Snyder black¬
berries containing 1,500 berries actual
count, the handsomest sight I ever saw.
I tried to see what I could do, and it paid-
This picture lias been worth a good many
dollars to me, as I have sold thousands of
plants by showing it.”

Top-Dressing Wheat with Fertilizer.

C. h\ IF., Baltimore, Md. — Will top-dressing
of fertilizer on field of wheat this Spring in¬
crease the yield sufficiently to more than
pay expense incurred for fertilizer and labor?
If so, give analysis of fertilizer, the quantity
per acre and the best time to apply it. I
have been advised that 75 to 100 pounds ni¬
trate of soda or 150 to 200 pounds of a good
article of superphosphate made from animal
bone sown broadcast will largely increase
yield.

Ans. — It will depend on the soil, the
wheat and the fertilizer or manure used
last -year. Sometimes wheat does not
winter well. In that case 250 to 300
pounds per acre will improve it. The
soil may be light or lacking in nitrogen.
Usually we prefer to fertilize well at the
time of seeding, and not top-dress in
Spring. The most necessary elements us¬
ually needed in Spring are available nitrer
gen and phosphoric acid. If wheat seemed
in need of fertilizer we would use 75
pounds nitrate of soda and 150 pounds su¬
perphosphate per acre. You should figure
the cost of this application and see how
many bushels of wheat will be required
to pay for it.

Fitting Hen Manure for Drilling.

E. M. TT'., Jefferson, Kan. — We have eight
or 10 barrels of hen manure that we wish to
prepare so it will drill with a “King of the
Cornfield" planter. It is in covered barrels,
and gathered in the last two months. What
is its worth, and how can we prepare it for
drilling? We wish to use it on Kaffir corn
on light sandy prairie soil. IIow much to the
acre? We are getting in the first planter
that will drill fertilizers we have ever seen;
this country being new, did not need it, but
we are satisfied we must use eastern methods
for greater success.

Ans. — Hen manure well dried and
without too much dirt and feathers is
worth about four times as much as aver¬
age stable manure. Many farmers will
say at once that this is a low estimate,
yet we believe it to be a fair statement.
In the East, on poultry and fruit farms,
the hen manure is crushed and mixed
with chemicals. It must be thoroughly
dried with plaster or dust before it can
be made fine enough for drilling. Some
farmers who have large quantities of the
manure use a small hand bone mill which
grinds or crushes the hard chunks. Others
spread these chunks on a hard floor and
crush them with a heavy spade or wooden
maul, sifting in a sieve used for sifting
coal ashes until the coarse pieces are sifted
out and fined. It is a tedious job to
crush any large quantity.

Musk melons Crack Befoie Ripe.

A. 8. K., Jackson, Torn. — What is the
cause of muskmelons cracking open before
ripening? Is it a deficiency of potash, phos¬
phoric acid or excess of nitrogen? What va¬
rieties are the least subject to it? Is there
no remedy? I would like to grow Paul Rose
and Osage largely, but they blight and crack
badly. The variety grown mostly here is
Rocky Ford, but I like the Paul Rose and
Osage so much better I would like to grow
them instead. This was my experience in
northern Indiana last season, but the season
was very cold and short, very abnormal in¬
deed.

Ans. — We always considered it was
due in part to the exceptionally quick
growth produced by hot, wet weather
It is always more prevalent under such
climatic conditions than when the weather
is dry. Anything tending to produce a
rapid rank growth w.ould have a tendency
to increase it; consequently an excess of

THE R.URAL NEW-YORKER.

nitrogen might be responsible in a meas¬
ure for it. We are always careful to
avoid saving seed from- a cracked speci¬
men, because I believe it is hereditary.
You will often see every cantaloupe on
an individual hill burst open, while there
is not another single fault}' specimen for
a long distance around it. Therefore I
am convinced that the fault lies with
that individual seed — seed from a burst
cantaloupe probably the previous year. I
know of no remedy except guarding!
against propagating a cracking strain.

J. BARTON.

A Concrete Tank in Attic.

E. IF. J., Crossville, III. — I see on page 47
a letter from C. L. J., Vergennes, Vt., in re¬
gard to cement reservoirs. I should like to
know if it will be practicable and safe to con¬
struct a reservoir of cement in the attic for
the water sutmlv of the house. I do not
think I should like one of lead so well as of
concrete if the latter could be made. What
materials would you use or recommend for
that purpose if concrete is not good? Which
system of water supply is considered best, air
pressure from basement or gravity from attic?
I am wishing to build, and am not posted on
such things. There are very few houses in
this region where such water supply is in¬
stalled, so I do not know where to go for
information.

Ans. — I do not think I would build a
cement tank in the attic, although I can¬
not say that I have had any experience
with them. Cement is heavy material to
use in such a situation, and more suscep¬
tible to accidents and leakage than gal¬
vanized iron or steel, of which such tanks
are commonly made. I would put in an
air pressure tank in the cellar instead of
a reservoir in the attic. The pressure
system has some points of superiority
over other. There is less difficulty on
account of freezing, and there is not the
liability to damage from leakage or over¬
flow. If I had water not deeper than 20
feet from the cellar floor, and if the water
was required for an average sized dwell¬
ing house, I would use a hand force pump
as the source of power for lifting the
water. It would take but a few minutes
pumping every day to answer for the
ordinary requirements of dwelling, for
kitchen, bathroom, etc. Write to the Chi¬
cago House Wrecking Co., Chicago, for
their catalogue containing prices, etc., on
tanks and water supply outfits. .g. d.

Atlantic Strawberry. — This variety
shows very decidedly the point that lias been
maintained regarding the value of certain va¬
rieties when grown under congenial condi¬
tions, and the utter worthlessnes of the same
variety when an attempt is made to grow it.
under unfavorable conditions. This berry
was sent out to be tested at the experiment
stations as early as 1SS9, and, so far as T
know, was reported as being from fair to
worthless: was discarded from the lists of
varieties being tested, and also from many
of the plantsmen's catalogues. I have before
me reports from various sources, all speaking
in a discouraging manner as to one or more
of its habits. In 1894 and 1895 this berry
obtained a foothold in Oswego County, and
at once attracted the attention of the New
York and Boston buyers on account of its
good size, high color and firmness. Fancy
prices have been paid for crates of extra fine
fruit, and, in fact, each year this berry
brings from two to five cents a quart above
the market price, being quoted by itself, as fs
the case in some localities with Gandy. A
box or crate of well-grown Atlantics is the
handsomest thing in the way of fruit I ever
saw. and where this variety can lie grown
there is money in it. hut even in Oswego
County it does not thrive on all soils. doin°-
finely on strong or gravelly soil, but proving
a failure on heavy soil. I should strongly
advise testing this variety to a limited ex¬
tent. as it w'll surely prove a profitable
variety in localities where it will thrive.

c. E. IIUNN.

Wood’s Seeds.

New Era Cow Peas

are rightly named. They are the
best of Cow Peas, whether for
northern, western or southern
planting. They are early to ma¬
ture, upright in growth, enormous¬
ly productive, both of vines and
peas, and are altogether the most
satisfactory and sure croppers
grown.

We are headquarters for Cow
Peas; had over forty different
varieties in our exhibit at St.
Louis, on which we were awarded

the Grand Prize.

Wood’s Descriptive Catalogue gives
the fullest information about Cow Peas
and all Garden and Farm 5eeds. Write
for it and special price list of Farm Seeds.

T.W.Wood & Sons, Seedsmen,

RICHMOND • VIRGINIA.

If you want the sweetest and best Water
Melons and Cantaloupes grown, plant
Wood’s Southern-grown seed. Our
Descriptive Catalogue tells all
about the best kinds to plant.

It’s mailed free for the asking, r

C

AULIFLOWER SEED

KARL KOLLE

1234 North 50 Ave., Chicago, III.

Abington yielded over 300 bn. per acre in matted rows.
Circular free. Lester Blanchard, Abington, Mass.

Irish Gobbler Potatoes choice seed. Fair

price. C. D. JONES, Vermillion, N. Y.

PEACH

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley ,Del.

DHTITHCC grown especially for SEED. 15
lU IA I UCv varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

50,000 PINEAPPLE STRAWBERRY ordinary.** Very

profitable. Fine catalog. IV. N. Scurff, New Curllale.O.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY gVviTTui

PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

CIvauikArru Dlan4c 100.000 Crimson Cluster
OiraWDci f J rldtllb and 50 other varieties.
Send for price list. D. Rodway, Hartly, Del.

Rift A are the heaviest and best yielders I ever
DIU *r grew, even plump berry. 50c. perbu. in lots of
ten orniore; bags free._.J, S. Tilton, Norwalk. O.

P Old illmuor CnoH Choice Banish grown, Early DwnrfF.r-
UdUIIIIUnc! OCCU, flirt, $1. so. Early Snowball, f2. oo oz
B. E. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway, Now York City.

DERRY PLANTS— 23d Annual Catalogue free.
Climax only $2.00 per 1.000. Lucretia Dewberry,
$4 00. Best plants at bottom pi-ices ■

SLA YM AKER & SON. Dover, Del.

FIRST PRIZE MEDALS ries and Gooseberries

shown at St. Louis Fair. Write for catalogue. A. T.
GOLDSBOROUGH .Wesley Heights, Washington,!). C

GREAT SCOTT

a new Strawberry.

S. H. WARREN,
Weston, Mass.

Alfalfa, Clover

AND OTHER CROPS

Can be doubled by treating the seeds,
before sowing, with

NITRO-CULTURE

Science has overcome poor land. Just
moisten seeds in water containing
harmless nitrogen-gathering germs.
Inexpensive. Results guaranteed or
money back. Write for catalog R.N. No. 1

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.,

West Chester, l’a.

GRAPE VINES

Cnrranti, Gooseberries, Black¬
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬
berries. Price List FREE.

Send 2c stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog.

T. S. HUBBARD CO. Frsdonia, N. Y.

Perpetual bloomers — the kind that growl
__ ' real roses— the kind to buy. Our catalog J
offers a splendid selection. Write for copy I
today i it’s FREE. GROVER Hi UR8ERY I

CO., 71 Trust Bldg., Rochester, N.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everbloomlng Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.
JOS. II. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

Mention

this

EVERGREENS

trees, nursery grown and hardy
rywhere. All sizes for all purposes,
lowest prices. 50 bargain lots, ali
first class, prepaid, tl to *10 per 100.
Catalogue and bargain sheet free.

D. Hill. Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III.

BURT’S

DAHLIAS

20 KINDS $ I

Awarded the GRAND PRIZE
(highest honor) at St. Louis Ex-

Sosition. Catalogue free,
i. F. BURT, - Taunton. Mass.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY

A new berry of great promise; has been grown six
years, and today is ahead of all others for profit „o
growers. We have a nice lot of well-rooted plants.
Send for circular and price list. C. G. Velio & Son.
Marlborough, N. Y., Valley View Fruit Farm.

2TGRAPE VINES

69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, A c. Best root-

ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDONIA.N.Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 01)0 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200,000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Bed and Yellow, second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK, Ilightslown, N. J.

STRAWBERRIES

Mark Hanna variety, the great new
vorite. A prolific bearer of excellent
We grow along list of the finest
Get your favorite kinds from
strong rooted plants. 1905 Catalog

Harrison’s Nurseries,

Box 29, Borlln, Md.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Asparagus Roots, very strong, one year old plants;
better and stronger than most two years old; grown
on new land, $5 per 1,000. Rhubarb Victoria,
divided roots, better than seedlings, $5 per 100.
Vegetable Plants, by the millions. Price list
mailed free. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

MATIVE EVERGREENS —.Balsam Fir, Arbor
* ~ Vita’, Am. Spruce, 6 to 12 in., $4 per 1,000, 5,000
for $15. White Pine and Hemlock $5 per 1,000, 5,000
for $20. Also Fresh Apple Seed, crop of 1904. Write
for Price List. Mrs. JAMES A. ROOT,

Skaneateles, N. Y.

NONE BETTER THAN

FAIRYIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Farm, Hol¬
land Patent, N. Y.

ASPARAGUS | RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

I£ You Are Planting

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

\VM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie, Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample,
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora,N. Y.

O r r n O -I Offer Seeds of SUPERIOR quality
IVI" p I at money-saving price— order now.
VkkUV New White Waveriy Seed Oats yield
over 80 bushels to the acre in this county, $1 .25 per bn. ;
Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, 2 or 6-rowed Barley, Beardless Barley, Iowa
Gold Mine Corn, Cream of Ensilage Corn. Learning
or Pride of the North Corn, Spring Rye, Spring Wheat,
Field Corn, Yellow or White, Sweet Corn, Golden Mil¬
let, Hungarian, at very reasonable prices; Early Seed
Potatoes, 75c. ; Champion Peas, $2.50: Potato Planters,
$2; Field Peas, $1.50; Mangel Beet, 20c. ; Calf-Weaners,
30c.; Cow-Weaners, 50c.; Cahoon Seed-Sowers, $1.50;
Stock Labels, $4.50 per 100; Sheep Dip, 50c. per pkt.
Everything for the farm, garden and lawn. Cata¬
logue free. Established nearly forty years.

F. A. EBLiINGF, Syracuse, New York
Wholesale and Retail Dealer and Importer.

SEED CORN

IMPROVED WHITE CAP YELLOW DENT Long
kernel, large ear. Ripens in 85 to 95 days.

Beats them all on poor thin land. On rich land the
yield is wonderful. I also have improved Learning.
Send for full description and prices. S. P. SHEPARD,
Oberliu, Ohio.

VVWVWVWVWVWVWVWVWVWVWWT

f A.UJPL.E TREES 5

5 We have a surplus of Baldwin, Ben Davis, Gano, J
x Grimes, Greening, Fallawater, Fall Pippin, r
5 Newtown Pippin, Rome Beauty, Sutton Beauty, <
5 York Imperial, Yellow Transparent and other J
2 standard varieties. Peaches. Chair’s Choice, 5

> Belle, Frances and 40 other varieties. Pears, 2

^ Plums, Cherries, Currants and Grape Vines. 4
< Write today for descriptive catalogue and bar- ?
5 gain prices. BARNES BROS. NURSERY r
2 CO., Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. j

> V.’V-VWWW WWWWVVWWWWWVW >

Choice Nursery Stock in Surplus

In order to reduce my surplus of the following
strictly first-class stock, 1 shall offer same for the
next 15 days, at prices as follows: F. O. B. Rochester,
New York. I Hieness Dwarf Pear, 2 year, $1.50 per do/,.,
$10 per 100. Black Sweet Cherries, 2 year, 5 to 7 feet,
$4 per do/.., $30 per 100. Black and White Sweet Cher¬
ries, 4 to 0 feet, $3 per doz., $25 per 100. This stock
will be shipped in season for planting this spring.
SEND YOUR ORDER NOW, so stock can be reserved
for you. Address, C. A. LeCLARE, Nurseryman,
Rochester, New York, Cutler Building.

S“

Every variety o£ seed the farmer needs

r to make the farm pay. Northern grown, - - — - - — — — -

hardy varieties. We carry an especially attractive lot of Grass Seeds— Clover,
Alfalfa, Timothy, Millet, Blue Grass, Harvey’s Special Pasture Mixture, etc.

HARVEY’S SURE SEEDS

are all tested and true to name. Held Seeds, Potatoes, Oats, Wheat, Barley , tn0
best that grow. Corn— the regular sorts and several new varieties of money-
makers, some especially suitable for ensilage-fine for the dairy f-ymer. Write
for complete free catalog. Harvey Seed Co., lluEllicott Street, Buffalo, a. x,

BARGAINS

Complete Surplus List of Fruit Trees

Now ready for immediate shipment. Large stock PEACH, APPLE, HEAR, also CHERRY, PLUM,
QUINCE and SMALL FRUIT PLANTS. Everything FREE FROM SCALE. Warranted true to
name* Safe delivery guaranteed. The P ATT ERSON NURSERY CO., Stewartstown, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

273

SOAKING POTATOES BEFORE
PLANTING.

E. R. 8., Chester Co., Pa. — I have 75
bushels of seed potatoes that I expect to
plant on the same ground that I planted last
season, and as I have the time now, would
it hurt to soak them in formalin now in the
cellar? I could not dry them, and they
would likely stay wet for quite a while.

I would rather soak seed potatoes and
plant soon after ; yet in my opinion it
would not injure the seed at all if soaked
and dried a month before planting, but
cannot say from experience. The soak¬
ing process takes so little of a man’s time
I would say wait till about ready to plant.
Potatoes are plenty, and one of our mer¬
chants said he bought good stock for 35
cents per bushel. geo. sisson.

Pennsylvania.

I have two don’ts in reference to the
potato planting. Don’t plant on the same
field, and don’t soak the seed till nearly
ready to plant; 75 bushels would be quite
a lot to dry and keep in good shape till
planting time. Here it would be June 1
to 15 for regular crop. As to prices for
potatoes during the season, I think good
stock must advance a little; it was big
hollow potatoes, and not big crops that
hurt the price. geo. a. bonnell.

New York.

I have had no experience in treating po¬
tatoes so long before planting time, and
do not know what the outcome would be.
I can see no reason why it should prove
injurious to let the seed lie after treating.
On the face of it there would seem to be
reason to suspect injury later, so long as
the treatment does not injure the germi¬
nating power at the time, but this suppo¬
sition may not be right. I think many of
our growers have been disappointed in the
price this Winter and Spring. The rot
was so severe here last year that they
had reason to exact high prices this
Spring. Most of the growers on the Island
grow for the early market and will prob-
ahlv continue about their usual course.

Rhode Island. FRED. w. card.

The question as to the propriety of
using the formalin treatment for scab in
potatoes some time in advance of the
planting season is a very comprehensive
subject. Opinions differ; a bulletin from
the Minnesota Station says the treatment
must precede planting only a few days.
The question naturally arises, why? If
the scab germs were killed by the two
hours’ soaking in the formalin bath, by
what force were they made to live again?
If they were not destroyed by the ortho¬
dox method, then the only inference is
that the formalin treatment is a failure.
A great deal is said and written nowa¬
days about pure food, but the experience
of a number of potato growers last season
demonstrated the fact that one of the
great germ destroyers (formaldehyde) was
so largely adulterated that it could not be
depended upon to adulterate, i. e., keep
things from spoiling — kill germs in other
words. Consult the managers of Ohio
Station for proof. Regarding the future of
potatoes, the question is too indefinite.
If the questioner lives in somewhat close
proximity to a reasonably good market,
has a soil fairly well supplied with avail¬
able fertility, a good set of tools, knows
something about how crops feed, and how
crops grow, especially when they are at¬
tended to by a man who has a personal
interest in them, and would rather be
looking after their wants than saving his
country at the grocery. I think there is a
pretty good prospect. But if most of
those things are lacking, especially the
last mentioned ones, it is more than likely
the parties in question will have “bad
luck.” M. GARRAHAN.

Pennsylvania.

Best Wood for Silos.

H. IF. P., Glastonbury, Conn. — What is
the relative value of different woods for silo
construction, such as Yellow and White pine,
spruce, fir and California redwood?

Ans. — Yellow pine would be no doubt
the cheapest and best of the woods men¬
tioned. It would outlast White pine.
The fir is allied to the pines, and the red¬
wood would be all right. Spruce would

be unsafe to use unless sawed from large
trees, healthy and sound, and the sap
entirely cut off. There is so much un¬
certainty, however, that spruce should
be eliminated from the list. Next cut
out White pine, and then buy the cheap¬
est. Hemlock, if solid, would be much
better than spruce. White Cypress is a
very popular silo wood. It has a very
tenacious texture that does not check,
and hence valuable for any purpose where
the wood is wet and dry periodically.
I should paint any silo with Carboline-
urn, and so prolong its life, no matter
what wood was used. If you want the
cheapest and best silo yet put out, buy
the staves grooved and tongued, and put
in your own doors, hung on the ou'side
with heavy hinges, and fastened with ice¬
box clamps. Cut out the bottom door
first, and then cut each one above it a
trifle smaller, and the staves cut out can
be used for the succeeding door above,
and only waste one opening. The space
should be cut just like a refrigerator door
and opening. My silo of this kind,
hooped with steel wire rope, now in use
six years, is the best wood silo I have
ever seen, and beyond criticism, and is
not in any way patented. Try it.

_ H. E. COOK.

WANT TO KNOW.

City Herb Garden. — Where can I buy

herbs such as Sweet marjoram sage, etc. ?
Do you think it would pay to grow these
herbs as well as anything else on a city lot?

Lancaster, Pa. e. j. w.

Alfalfa on Ci.ay. — Has anyone had suc¬
cess raising Alfalfa on clay ground that was
underdrained? d. c. s.

South Canisteo, N. Y.

Chestnut Shingles. — Have R. N.-Y. read¬
ers had any experience with chestnut shingles
for roofing? j. f. t.

Patton, Pa.

Pure Canada Hardwood Ashes

The Best, Cheapest and Most Lasting Fertilizer,

The Joynt Brand is the best

.Toynt’s ashes are all collected from house to house.
Now is the time to order a carload for this season.
Write for prices to JOHN JOYNT,

Lucknow, Ontario, Canada
Reference: Bradstreet’s Agency

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple In construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Bales all kinds of
hay and straw. Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box 1 1. Cobleskill. N.Y.

IDE

MACHINERY

Best and cheapest.
Send for catalogue.

BOOMER & BOSCHERT
PRESS CO.,

118 West Water St.,
btUACLSK, N. TC,

RCHARD PROFIT

0 depends upon working all the
fruit into a salable product,
cider for instance. If clear and
pure it sells readily at a profit.
The best is produced by a

HYDRAULIC c,dperress

Made in varying sizes, hand or
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC. CO,

30 Cortland! St., New York.

LEGGETT’S DUSTERS

DISTRIBUTE INSECTICIDES IN DUST FORM,

saving Fruit and Vegetable Crops when other
methods fail. NO BARBEL OF WATER TO HAUL
Two acres of Potatoes or Tobacco dusted per hour
Several styles for garden, farm and orchard. Also Dry
and Liquid Bordeaux Mixture, Whale Oil Soap, etc
Our Spray Calendar gives concise information regard¬
ing dusters and materials. Mailed on request.

LEGGETTS
CHAMPION
DUSTER

Leggett & Bro., 301 Pearl St., New York

Turn your fruit
J into Dollars.

A Fruit Orchard sprayed three
times in a season with a Spranio-
tor will give you 8o% more fruit.

he SPRAMOTOR “rlTS

purpose a good Chemicals. It is
recommended by Government ex¬
perts and Experimental Farms
everywhere. Best of all it pays for itself. Write
for booklet “A". It givesfull particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO.

•UFFALO, N.Y LONDON, CANADA.

AGENTS WANTED.

TWO IN ONE— Only S45

IT’S WORTH EVEKY CENT OF $70.00

No. 01 E

Remove Top ami jou
have a very tino Rua-
about

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
| anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

RED CYPRESS— WHITE
PINE— GALVANIZED

I'M U L'JJIEJIMUSI

Hi iff 31

Mill i l,j 1 1

8 1 EEL

C iLDWELL

1 i : 1 j -• 'iltl IllJj

frwWW'iM «148

Tank h arc the best made

WfhiTrn tisniUMM

•KWWl'i M _ki ; r| i | i .Mil u.taian

1 mciliitlMAijuii' 1 ; ; 1 1 1 , ; 1

j W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

Louisville, Ky

Fertilizes

correctly, plants
correctly. One
row furnished
when ordered.
Write for cat¬
alogue.

Eureka
Planter

Plants Corn, Beans,
Peas, Beets and Tur¬
nip Seed. Plants
i hills or drills.
For checking
in squares,
we furnish
a wire
check
rower.

EUREKA MOWER CO. Utica, N.Y*

A handsome top buggy ora beautiful runabout
-changed in a minut e either way. No taking off
of seat. No danger of forgetting bolts or burrs. And
such a buggy— consider tins for a moment— complete,
with 3 or 4 bow rubber top ami shafts for only $45—
sold as we sell everything— on a guarantee of sat¬
isfaction. Note the new very fine style extra
strong stick seat. This buggy is entirely new for
11105 and it’s the bargain of a lifetime.

Construction : Long distance 1000-mUe axles— soft
easy-riding springs, 36 inches long— quick shifting
shaft couplings— wheels second-growth hickory 8ar-
ven Patent, 16 spokes to the wheel— s.i, 7s or 1 inch
wide tire.

Body: Note the length, 56 inches by 22 or 24 inches
wide, and no better body can be made. Bailey Body
Hangers. Painting— body black, gear dark green or
tine dark red witli tine stripes. Trimmings— green
cloth or whipcord. (If genuine leather is wanted in
place of cloth, extra price $2.00) .

Price with shafts and rubber top complete . 8845

“ " “ Leather Quarter Top . 48

Pole in place of shafts, extra . 1 .50

Both pole and Shafts extra . 4.00

High grade :,4 inch Rubber Tire extra . 11.40

“ 7s . 13.20

“ 1 . 15.60

This is tiro buggy you want and the price is fac¬
tory cost. Send $5 as evidence of good faith, and we
will ship this buggy at once, subject to your approval.
If it isn t satisfactory, send it back at onr expense,
and we will refund your deposit. If satisfactory pay
R. R. agent the balance. Our new Spring Vehicle
and Harness Catalogue is full of interesting facts
and figures. The very best in vehicles at factory
prices. Ask for it. Address Cash Supply & Ml'g.
Co., 428 Lawrence Sq., Kalamazoo, Mieli.

CHAMPION

Potato Machinery)

“4 Word to the Wise Is Sufficient." ThU
PUntor fill* a long-felt want of tho Potato Grower
03 it does not braiao or crush the seed, and will
plant more correctly than any other planter
made. It is mado WITH OR WITHOUT FKRTILIZKB
1TTICHIIR.VT, and it opens the trench, plants tbs
potatoes any distance set for. covers them
and marks for the next row— all with only
driving the horses steadily and keeping
tho hopper filled with Potatoes. The
flSTIlIZKK ITTICIWB.NT can be regulated to
distribute any
quantity
re<£

Any ordinary team of horses will dig your crop of

iotatces and do it well with the 0 K. Champion Digger
1UiL WILL PROVE THIS. These Digger* are now working
in 25 States of the Union and are fast displacing the heavy draft machines See you#
dealer, or write to the CHAMPION POTATO MACHINERY CO., Hammond, In4r

Writ*

tee

BookUi mm
Poiai*
Culture

Extension Axle Nuts

make old bugglea run like new; quick sellers; very
profitable. AGENTS WANTED.

HAKDWARK SPECIALTY CO., Box 643, Pontiac, Mich.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR

Clark’s Reversible Rush & Rog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will

og

cut forest. His Double- Action Cutawa

LARGE HAY CROPS.I

plow a new

ay Harrow keeps the land
oO

true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day.' His Rev
Risk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to 10 in. deep, ,-.^1* in. wide

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild muetard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
oruny foul plant. Sendforcir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Higganum, Conn., O. S. A.

Larger and Better Crops

Cultivation of growing crops at the time most needed
is what makes quality and quantity. With Iron Age
Implements the farmer can speed his work, take
advantage of every opportunity, and produce
crops of larger yield and a better grade.

IRON AGE Implements

Save their cost several times during a season, often taking the place of an
extra hand. Our new No. 25 Fertilizer Distributor attachment may be ap¬
plied to our famous No. 6 combined tool, or to our No. 1 Double Wheel Iloe,
as is the case with Seed Drill attachments. This wonderful implement and
the No. 60 Riding Cultivator are fully described in "Iron Age”— a free
book containing much valuable Information to the progressive farmer.

It also describes the Iron Age Potato Planters, Horse Hoes, Sprayers
Fertilizer Distributers and other labor-saving farm implements.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 102, Grenloch, N. J.

Model Buggies — Money Savers

Try One a Month Free and See

Price

*50

You don't have to empty your pocketbook when you buy a Model Buggy. Tho
reasonableness of Model prices is a mighty strong point, but we do our talking
on quality. Tho Model is in a class all by itself. It is tho only One Quality
buggy on the market. It is tho product of a One Quality factory, using the
bent of everything. We carry but one quality of stock. Wo have but 0110
quality of workmanship. Nothing cheap or shoddy can by any portability
get into a Model buggy. Other factories turn out vehicles of various
grades— a cheap buggy is made and finished up by tho same work¬
men who make what they call their good buggy— result is tho
workmanship is practically the same. Wo use nothing but one
grade of material and have only one class of workmen, and
producing but one quality of goods there is no chance for
mixing the material and making mistakes. Our New
MOI>KL TOP ItPGGY for 1905 has all of tho stylo, com¬
fort and wearing qualities of any buggy made, regardless of
price. One feature alone that is worth your consideration is
genuine French Open Head Springs, which are furnished on
every Model Buggy made by us. This means easy riding, comfort
and durability, and is a thoroughly desirable feature.

The painting is ono of the points that wo can talk about very strongly. On cheap buggies the less said about tho
paint the better. The upholstering in tho cushion and back is equal in style; quality and durability to that of any
buggy produced and sold for even $25 more money than we ask for our MODEL.

Tho top has genuine leather quarters and back stays, with a heavy, all-wool headlining— every thread of it is wool
and guaranteed fast colors. Tho general proportion, style and beauty of this job will appeal to you strongly.

You can make no mistake in writing for our catalogue and getting a full description of this buggy, together with
regular rock-bottom prices on all styles of vehicles and harness.

OUR LIBERAL SELLING PLAN

_ .VM5 win*hiP the °ne Quality Model to you on Ono Full Mouth’. Free Trial, and Guarantee the
Vehicle fully for two yeurs If you decide to buy.

Got our beautiful One Quality Catalogue and learn all about our goods and our twentieth century
method of doing business. We will send it free, postpaid, by return mail.

The Model Carriage and Harness Co., m W. Sixth St., Cincinnati, O.

274

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 1

BLACKBERRIES FOR THE SOUTH.

Wc formerly grew Wilson Early and
Early Harvest blackberries almost exclu¬
sively, but to-day nine-tenths of the
“blackberries” are the Lucretia dew¬
berry, and very few people grow anything
else. Some have planted Eldorado, which
is rather a good berry, but late. Ward
is being tested, but has not yet fruited
here. The Early Harvest is too small,
and cannot be sold after one or two pick¬
ings have been made. The Wilson win¬
ter-kills and is therefore unprofitable.
The best blackberry I ever fruited was
the Lincoln, but it was too late for this
market. If Mr. Burbank or some enter¬
prising hybridizer will put the Wilson
berry on the Lincoln cane he will make
the ideal blackberry. Nothing can com¬
pare with it in growth, hardiness, pro¬
ductiveness or any other quality, but it
comes too late here. It is as large as the
average Wilson, but not equal to the
largest. Of course most all varieties have
been grown at different times to a more
or less extent, but Lucretia is the lead¬
ing one now. Some few Wilson are
grown, but two crops is about all they
are good for. ciias. wright.

Delaware. _

DUST SPRAYING.

The Best Dust Wanted.

I want the best general-purpose dust mix¬
ture possible. With the aid of suggestions
by the Maryland Agriculture College pro¬
fessors I have worked out t lie following. ])o
you or your readers see where it can be bet¬
tered? If so, please say where: Dissolve two
pounds copper sulphate In 7 l/z pints of water.
Use part of 7 M> pin ts of water to slake two
pounds of quicklime to a tine state ; then
add 1 lie rest of the water, thus making a milk
of lime. Pour the copper sulphate and the
milk of lime at the same time into a third
vessel, and add two pounds of arsenite of
lead. When well stirred together slake 27
pounds of good stone lime by slowly sprink¬
ling this mixture upon it. thus making 48
pounds of dry poisonous Bordeaux dust. Next
boll four pounds caustic soda, four pounds
lime and four pounds sulphur in 15 pints of
water for 10 minutes, and slake 25 pounds
quicklime with the mixture, making 52
pounds of caustic lime sulphur dust. Then
mix and sift the two together and you have
practically 100 pounds of general-purpose

dUSt. Cl) AS. T. SWEET.

Maryland.

An Experiment on Plums.

You ask your readers for their experience
with t lie dust spray. Here is mine, tried it
on a young plum orchard of about 000 trees
six or seven years old. 1 used the formula
given on page 178, except that I slaked the
lime with t lie copper solution. To this I
added an equal quantity of dust made by
sinking the lime with three pounds of Bab¬
bitt’s lye added to the water. These dusts
were then thoroughly mixed together and ap¬
plied with a very large homemade hand bel¬
lows. The first application, to which was
added a little Paris-green, was made just be¬
fore blooming. Tne next dusting was given
immediately after blooming, and then appli¬
cations were made after every rain, or with
every heavy dew, 10 or 12 in all. About t lie
middle of the season I read an article in
The It. N.-Y. which proved that I had not
been using a Bordeaux Mixture at all ; that
through the reaction between the lime and
copper, the latter became inert. This almost
discouraged me, but having nothing else at
hand, and no rot or curculio in the or¬
chard, I continued t lie applications until the
fruit showed color, except on two late varie¬
ties, which showed considerable rot at. the
end of the season. Now as to results. I
harvested a full crop of sound fruit ; many
of the trees were overloaded. The foliage
was perfect, hanging on until late Fall, which
It never did before. This experience seems
conclusive. But the case can be made strong¬
er. A nearby orchard of about 'like varieties,
and cultivation set a full crop with mine,
but was neither sprayed or dusted, and prac¬
tically failed to mature Its fruit, losing fully
00 per cent by both rot and curculio, thus
serving as a check on my operations. All of
these facts seem very strongly in favor of
my dusting. But there are some questions
that will not. down. If copper is practically
the only fungicide, and it was rendered
“inert” through combining with the lime,
what saved the plums? If the copper was
“inert,” then it had no effect on the fungi.
Fan it be that ttie dust acted mechanically in
excluding t lie germs? I am inclined to
think so. If so, then any kind of dust will
do. This idea I shall try this year.

What about the curculio? They started in
as usual to do a large business. I examined
the trees after the second dusting and found
them “alive” with the bugs. This disturbed

me very much, and I ljogan preparations at
once for the jarring process. But in the
meantime I dusted for the third time. The
day after I had two large sheeted frames and
a inudled mallet and began operations. After
working an hour I caught only about a dozen
insects. I had no better success the next
morning, and a few days after could not find
a single bug. This set me to thinking, and
I have concluded that the corrosive lye dust
made the “little Turk" “footsore and weary"
in traveling from fruit to fruit. I shall test
t Ills idea also this year. The Agricultural
Department at Washington lias promised to
test it also, if suitable provision can be made.

Indiana. j. w. trinkle.

Dusting Apple Trees.

I have in Vermont two McIntosh apple
trees of quite large size. They bear full
every year, but are so scabby I can hardly
get any fair fruit or any decent to eat. I
have no occasion to spray any other trees,
and little time for it. 1 bought a dry sprayer
almost on purpose for these trees, but the
dust would not reach half way to the top.
Can you suggest any way to get fair fruit
without too much expense? The McIntosh
is one of the most beautiful of apples, large
In size, line shape and of a rich vinous flavor.
As my trees behave they bear well every
year, and when nearly ripe the trees are a
sight, with their branches tilled with the red
fruits covered with a blue-black bloom. But
they are so subject to scab. f. h.

Cow Peas in Georgia.

J. C. H., Menlo, Ga. — On my farm I grow
Whippoorwill, Unknown and Red Tory peas.
Why is it the Red Tory pea roots are full of
nodules tlie size of pin heads up to as large
as small buckshot, and on same land and at
same time one can find but few nodules on
Whippoorwill and Unknown. By time first
heavy frost comes in Fall Bed Tory pea roots
are all rotted out to near top of ground, and
roots of the other two peas are still green.
In 1003 I had one piece of land in corn
which was fine ; made about 00 bushels corn
to acre, and at same time had good crop of
Red Tory pea vines on it. That Fall I sowed
In wheat, and in 1004 I harvested 25 3-5
bushels of fine grain wheat to acre. It was
much better than any of the other plots of
wheat. Is this Red pea cause of wheat being
so much better than the other wheat? This
Red pea plowed in with wheat will keep most
of them sound all Winter and came up after
wheat is cut off. It will have nodules when
plants are three or four inches high. Do you
think it would pay me to stick to the Red
Tory and let the other two alone?

Ans. — J. C. H. is in error in supposing
that there was any difference between the
well-known varieties of cow peas, in the
matter of nodules on the roots. It may
have been an accidental variation. At the
South, where we have been growing cow
peas for so many years, we assume that
our soils everywhere are well inoculated
with nitrogen-producing bacteria by nat¬
ural processes. I know that the Whippoor¬
will and Unknown are equally as pro¬
ductive as the Red Tory, as well as ear¬
lier. I have never observed any differ¬
ence in the rotting of roots. It may be
true that the Red Tory roots rot out ear¬
lier than the other varieties, but I do not
see any significance in that fact, if it be
true. r. j. REDDING.

Georgia Exp. Station.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

PINE HILL FRUIT FARM, Center Brook. Conn. '

80 VARIETIES

UKSTNEW and
Standard Slraw'by.
Kas’by, Grape and
Blk’by plants. Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, and
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices,
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE.
A. K. WESTON & CO

R. F. I). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich.

- THE -

President Wilder Currant

k k

A MONEY MAKER.

Most Prolific of all Currants.

For Prices Write to

S. D. WILLARD, GENEVA, NEW YORK.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the lUUJHIU to¬
gether with general line or nur¬
sery stock. Prices low ; qualify
best. Write for new 19Uo Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

FRUIT

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

100,000 PEACH

Five sizes, 1 foot up, including go, OOO EL¬
BERT A. Price away down.

15,000 JAPAN PLUM

Five sizes, 3 feet up: Abundance, America,
Apple, Bartlett, October Purple, Climax, Chaleo,
Red June, Satsuma and Wickson.

50,000 APPLE

Four sizes, 3 feet tip. Leadlug kinds.

15,000 CHERRY

Four sizeB, 3 feet up. SWEET: Tartarian,
Schmidt, N. poleon, Governor Wood, Downer, Y.
Spanish and Windsor.

SOUR: Montmorency, Ea. Richmond, Dye-
house, May Duke, Olivet and English Morello.

3,000 QUINCE

Three«sizes, 2 feet up.

Free catalogue. State size wanted and how many
trees; we'll name best price obtainable.

They are true to name, clean, bright, young, thrifty
and fumigated. None better at any price; no scale.

WOODV1EW NURSERIES

It. 3. Mt. Holly Springs. Pa.

J. H. HALE’S

Fruits and Plants

are among the best in America. If you want
ull kinds of berries, peaches, apples, plums,
chestnuts, asparagus, rhubarb, etc., for home
or market, send for free catalogue. Or if
wanting to double strawberry crop without
expense of new plants or fertilizer , address

J. H. HALE, SOUIH GLASTONBURY, CONNECTICUT

DPAPU TDCCC A full Hneof varle-
I ncco ties, new and old
A P P L E TREKS,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Variet ies.
QUINCE TREES arc scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N . J.

Willowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Staymau, Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
uiodium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet aixl Borboris Thunborgii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
KAKESTKAW & PYLE, Kenuett Sq., Penna.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New Y ork
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 I, ItorhPHtrr, N.Y.

Established 18W-

and Small

FRUIT and
Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs,
Roses,* Bulbs,
Fruit plants at one-half agent’s
prices. Correspondence soli¬
cited. Capital, S100, 000.00.
Established 25years. 300 acres.
750,000 Apple, Poach and
Cherry Trees for sale. Sec¬
rets of Fruit Growing, 150
photos, mailed for lo cents.

We will sell you 12 large
grape vines, best table varie¬
ties, three' red, three white,
and six black, for 81.00, deliv¬
ered to you free. Send for our
Free Fruit Book and sample
copyofGreen’sFruit Magazine.

GREEN’LnURSERY C0„ ROCHESTER, N.Y.

30 APPLE TREES $1

TUlt EE to five feet, our selection, best varieties, or
50 Two-Year Currants, packing 25c. Otner stock
at low rates. SMALL FRUIT Plants by the mil¬
lion. Write for prices, nan ing this Special Offer.
GEO. J. KELLOGG & SONS, .Janesville, WIs.

K’FRUIT.BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro's, Louisiana, Mo.

PLANT CRIMSON-C’LUSTER, the best late straw
berry. Send for free 24 page catalogue describing 65
choice varieties at lowest prices: it will save you
money. W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.

HOYT S ImSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections aDd
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

Evergreen and Ornamental Trees

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS,

WAUKEGAN, ILL. ;

“What is?” “ Why, an unbroken lino of

EDIIIT TDEE© "Wiley, that’s astonishing!”
rnui I I flbbO orders from the same people for 25 Years.”

.. ,, Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they

will continue to get it. Our rreo Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

Viox: 122 H. S. Wiloy c 3c Son, Cayuga, IN*. Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Flants, Asparagus Roots and Seed
1 otatoes in assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata¬
logue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

LARGE GERMAN PRUNE

onn nnn APP F TRFF<v 6 to 7 ft. llcts. each, 5 to 6 ft. nets., 4t.o5ft.7cts., 8to4ft.6cts„ 2 to 3 It

ZUU.UUU HI I UL I IILLO, one year old. 4 ets. 5,000 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 2(1
ets. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts.,2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 KiefTer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Scale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind The opportunity of a. lifetime to secure an orchard allow
cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, Penna.

William Street Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apples Std. Pears, Plums, Peach, Curran's and
Crape Vines. Our list includes all the best varieties. A good assortment of Orna¬
mental Trees, Shrubbery, Roses, Clematis, lledga Plants and Small Fruits. Send
list of wants for prices. T. W. & J. P. RICE; Geneva, N. Y.

TREES

$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID,

Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach
and Carolina Poplars. Healthy,
true to name and Pumigated. All klndsof trees and plants at low wholesale
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliablo Nurseries In quality and
price Catalogue free. REL1ANCF NURSERY, Box 1 O, Geneva, N. Y.

VARIETIES !
QUALITY . j
PRICES .

w.

This is true of RUPERT’S NURSERY STOCK, We sell direct from the
Nursery to the Planter. Priced Catalogue free. No scale has ever been
found in our Nursery. A present given every customer

l ALWAYS answering this advertisement.

i right Seed Corn Seed Oafs

J New, Largo Y ielding Varieties of Great Excellence

Clean Seed. Circulars and Samples mailed on request. Wo pay freight

RUPERT dJ SONS; Box 25 Senoca, 3XT. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

275

GREENHOUSE WORK IN APRIL

Sweet Peas After Violets. — The
strong sunshine and warmer weather of
April pushes along the growth of most
plants in the greenhouse quite rapidly,
and at the same time necessitates much
more ventilation and greater freedom in
watering than is permissible earlier in the
season. Violets under glass are about
over, and are quite likely to be making
so many new leaves that the remaining
flowers are of little value.

In order to cover the deficiency in the
output of the violets, or rather to gain
a further profit from the same area of
glass, some growers sow a crop of sweet
peas in pots in January and February,
planting from three to six seeds in a three-
inch pot ; then tear out the violets as soon
as the latter have yielded their best crop,
and plant the seedling sweet peas in the
former violet beds, the peas being trained
up to strings, or wires, fumigated from
time to time in order to discourage the
green aphis, or else dusted with tobacco
dust, giving the plants full sun and plenty
of fresh air, and thus gaining a crop of
flowers before the outdoor sweet peas are
showing buds. These early sweet peas
do pot bring an extremely high price, ow¬
ing to the fact that there are a great
many grown in the vicinity of our large
cities, but if a man has a local trade
through which he may dispose of them,
the flowers may prove fairly profitable,
the expense of growing them being but
little.

Carnations. — It has already been noted
in these articles that some of the large
carnation growers have taken up the plan
of planting the young plants for the fol¬
lowing Winter in the greenhouses during
the early Summer, instead of the former
practice of growing them in the field
until the end of August or beginning of
September, and for those who only grow
for the wholesale market, and have plenty
of greenhouse space, this practice may
have some advantages. But there are a
multitude of smaller growers whose trade
is largely retail, and these find it neces¬
sary to keep the old crop of carnations
going just as long as a reasonable num¬
ber of flowers are being produced, and
such crops as these are likely to need
some extra stimulation now, the old soil
becoming more or less exhausted. A
good fertilizer for this purpose is found
in pulverized sheep manure given in the
form of a light top-dressing. The immure
may be sprinkled over the surface in
about .sufficient quantity to cover the
ground, repeating the dose in two or
three weeks, or may be mixed with an
equal proportion of fine soil and applied
to a depth of half an inch or thereabouts,
it being safer to apply these special dress¬
ings in small quantity at more frequent
intervals rather than to give too much at
once and possibly sour the soil.

Notes on Propagating. — Space may
now be found in the sand bed to put in a
lot of Chrysanthemum cuttings, the soft
young shoots that have started up from
the base of the stock plants and reached
a length of about three inches being the
best kind of cuttings, and only needing
the lower leaves to be cut ofT before they
are planted firmly in the sand and thor¬
oughly watered in.

These cuttings need to be kept quite
moist and protected from the sun, and
will then root in a few days. A good
cold frame becomes increasingly useful
during this month, for it provides addi¬
tional space for many of the hardier
young plants, thus giving much-needed
room in the greenhouse. The young car¬
nations in pots or flats, the young violets,
Verbenas, Feverfew, Pblox, Sweet Alys-
sum and other of the more hardy species
will do well with such treatment, but
Coleus. Alternanthera, heliotrope and
Acalypha prefer a higher temperature at
night than the unheated frame will pro¬
vide at this season, and will be more un¬
der control when kept in the greenhouse.

Fuchsia. — Nicely grown Fuchsias are
quite popular in many localities, and de¬

servedly so, for they are very graceful
and pretty, but good specimens of these
plants need some care in their culture.
One of the essentials in Fuchsia growing
is that the young plants shall be kept
moving, and not allowed to become stunt¬
ed or starved, repotting them from the
small pots into four-inch size, and from
that to six-inch pots, the latter size be¬
ing large enough for all ordinary pur¬
poses, and the soil being a good compost
of rotten sod and stable manure witli a
sprinkling of fine ground bone to make
it more lasting. Then give the plants a
fair allowance of space in which to de¬
velop, a fairly moist atmosphere and a
night temperature of 55 degrees, then tie
each plant to a neat stake in order to
train it into an upright and shapely speci¬
men, and it will be surprising how they
grow.

The Variegated Abutii.ons and Aca-
lyphas are much used in the edging of
flower beds, and if not sufficiently stocked
with these it is not yet too late to root
some cuttings, for they jfrow rapidly as
the weather becomes warm. Two of the
best of the Abutilons for this purpose
are A. Savitzei and A. Souvenir de Bonn,
both of which have maple-like leaves
variegated with white, the first named be¬
ing the most dwarf in growth and also
showing more white in the leaf than
Souvenir de Bonn. The Acalyphas in¬
clude a number of varieties, but two of
the most effective for bedding are A.
tricolor and A. musaica, both of which
show combinations of crimson, pink and
olive green in their leaves. These plants
are somewhat tender and should not be
planted out before it is safe to put out
Coleus ; for example, about May 15 to 20
in the latitude of New York City.

Palms and Ferns. — The small florist,
or rather the beginner in the business, is
not likely to tamper with palms and
ferns to any great extent, but the retail
dealer in a small town is quite likely to
find some demand for plants of this char¬
acter, and as a beginner will naturally
want to know something about their cul¬
ture. To such it may be said that these
plants in general require a sort of Spring
cleaning and overhauling at about this
time. Unfortunately, palms arc quite sub¬
ject to the attacks of various insects, nu¬
merous varieties of scale insects being
among the most troublesome, a small
white scale and a round black one that
is, I think, a relative of the notorious San
Jose, are two that do much injury to
palm growers. These insects congregate
on the leaf stems and also on both upper
and lower surfaces of the leaves, and are
more safely removed by the careful use
of a sponge and solution of whale-oil
soap in the strength of one ounce to one
gallon of water than by any spraying or
dipping in insecticides. Then there are
the tiny red spiders, the very prolific
mealy bug, and also thrips that are fre¬
quently found upon palms, so that on
the whole these plants have troubles, or
rather their growers do, and the present
is a good time to make a search for such
pests, but owing to lack of space I
must defer further cultural notes until the
next article. w. H. taplin.

Plant Boxes #

Zinc coated for raising all kinds
of plants in awl transplanting to the ■|IB||
Held with all the roots and soil. Nol
set bank, regardless of the weather. Wk
The same boxes can be used for yK
years. Tomatoes three weeks earlier by New methods.
Ilow we grow 900 baskets Tomatoes to the acre, and for¬
ward Lima Heans,Melons,etc..in very short time, and how
we make cloth transparent for frames, all told in book t hat
is Free to all who write to L. G. TUTTLE, Wallingford, Conn.

BURPEE’S

SEEDS GROW AND
WIN MORE PRIZES

than the products of any other
brand ! Besides several Gold
Medals they won A Grand Prize
for vegetables at the St. Louis
Exposition.

If you intend to try Burpee’s Seeds, we
will mail free our Complete Catalogue of
178 pages, with beautiful colored plates and
illustrations from photographs taken at our
famous Fordhook Farms, the largest trial
grounds in America. Write to-day I

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

SEED SOWERS JBiiS:

c An and up. Booklet with Calendar free.
v)vt. SEEDER MFG. CO., Box 4, Homer, Mich.

mm I

When They Fly Fast

The Marlin 12 Gauge

REPEATING
SHOTGUN

is the all-around favorite. It is made for both black and smoke¬
less powders and to take heavy loads. It has one-third less
parts than any other repeater, and handles very fast
The Marlin Breechbolt that shuts out rain and water and keeps the shells dry
makes it a great wet-weather gun. It has Marlin accuracy, buoyancy and reliability.
Our Experience Book has hundreds of good Marlin
Stories, sent with Catalogue for 3 stamps postage

THE MARLIN FIRE ARMS CO.. 157 Willow St., New Haven, Ct.

HUBBARD SQUASH SEED

J. V. SALiISBUKY & SONS, Phelps, N. V.

50 CENTS
PElt L.B.

SEED CORN

A Square Deal
Shipped on Approval

Diamond .Joe’s
white, and Pride

15 g White, Iowa Sliver Ml' e
of Nishna. Improved Legal
Tender and Early Yellow Hose and other leading
varieties. ISone Dry ami guaranteed to grow. Ship¬
ped in the oar or shelled, Subject to approval and
at farmers’ prices. Our 1 1(1 pago catalog, with full
descriptions and prices of all Farm, Field, Garden
and Flower Seeds, Free if you mention this papor.
Writo for it to-day. Address

Western Seed (Jo., Shenandoah* la.

Garden Book

The seed and plant catalogue of the
century. Needed by all growers of
(lowers or vegetables. 221 pages profuse¬
ly Illustrated. The most complete list
of seeds, plants, bulbs, etc., ever cata¬
logued. Gives full cultural directions.

This book mailed free to old customers without
request. Sent to anyone on receipt, of ten cents,
which amount may Ik; deducted from first order.
Wlieu writing, please mention this magazine.

HENRY A. DREER

714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

OATS

Long’s White Tartar

A Magnificent Variety,

produced by intelligent selec¬
tion of best heads for seed for

many years.

las

on 1!) acres on our farm last
catalogue and “surplus list.

Potatoes, etc., at reduced prices for a short time,
.loseph Harris Go., Seed Growers, Coldwater, N. V.

Yielded 2.000 bus.
year. Write for our
We offer many Seeds,

DIBBLE’S FARM SEED.

Seed Potatoes, Northern grown, vigorous and pro¬
ductive. All the now and standard kinds. Any quan¬
tity from barrels to carloads. Seed Oats, Twentieth
Century, liest variety on earth. 440 bushels on four
acres last year. Fine heavy seed thoroughly reclean¬
ed. Seed Corn, New 80 Day Dent. Earliest Dent
Corn grown. Mammoth Yellow Flint and Improved
Learning. All corn tested germinates 90 to 98 per
cent. ALFALFA, CLOVER. TIMOTHY and GRASS
SEEDS. Wo are headquarters for Farm Seeds. Cat¬
alogue free.

Edward F. Dibble, Seedgrower, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

;«£G0R
SEER. _

Examine
ou r seed
rstock of onions,
'cabbages, carrots
and beets and you will know why

GREGORY’S SEEDS

have a reputation. You will And in
our new catalogue a remarkable new
drumhead cabbage, recently discovered,
head and shoulders above all varieties
now raised. Catalogue free,
i. i. H. GREGORY & SON. Marblehead, Mass.

SEKD POTATOES— Early Rosoand Irish Cobbler,
Pure stock from Northern grown seed. Bush. $1, bid.
$2.50. R. W. Woodward. Ameuia Union, New York.

A MTC Sensation and Silvor Mine, the oat wonders.
UH I O 123 bu. per acre. Prices low. Catalogue
free. Theo. Burt & Sons, Box E., Melrose. Ohio.

SEED POTATOES— Sir Walter Raleigh, the Lead¬
ing Late Variety. Pure selected Seed, $2.25 per
barrel, 10 per cent, discount on 10 barrel orders. Cash
with order. Geo. 51. Tallcot, Skaneateles, N. Y.

Seed Pntatnec Early Michigan, peck, 50c.

, rOidlOcS bushel, $1.25; 10 bushels. $io.
Also berry plants, etc. ( lataloguo free.

L. J. FARMER, Box 20, Pulaski, New Jersey.

June Eating Seed Potatoes

No blight, no scab. Immense ylelder. Other good

varieties. E. A. HILL., Windham, N. Y.

MAINE SEED POTATOES.

Prices given on any quantity delivered in New
York. Catalogtie. CARTER & COREY, Presque
Islo, Aroostook Co., Maiuo. Over fifty varieties.

FOR CAI F — CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50
lull OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware.

E. L. Clarkson’s Clermont anil Nevis Karin’s

Pride of the North Yellow dent Seed Corn. Earliest
to mature and a heavy yielder. Price, shelled, bags
included bu. 75c.; bu. lots and over $1.25 per bu.
r . U. B.

A. E. BOUER, Mngr., R. F. D. Tivoli N. Y.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots, »1 .50,
10 bu. lots, *1.40, 25 bu. lots, *1 .140 , 50 bu. lots,
!$ 1 .a5. For larger lots, prices on application.

J. 15. I5KOWN, Box 115, Brldgehampton, L.I., N. Y.

GENUINE IRISH COBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keepingquallties. this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed Is from the original stock and wo guarantee
every bbl. to be genuine. Our stock Is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as It goes.

EDWARD BIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

Crosby Early Sweet Corn,

a pure straiu for seed, in quantities from one
to twt hundred bushels for immediate delivery
at $2 50 per bushel f. o. b. express or freight.
Cash with order.

RIVERSIDE FARM.
Nashua - New Hampshire

Potatoes

The famous “D & B Line”
of Northern Grown Seeds
leads In earllncss, yield.
Vitality. Nothing better.
Buy direct from growers
and save money,
for 25 cents (stamps or
Sliver) we will mail our
handsome 128 page 1905
farm and garden seed cat¬
alog and one pound of our
wonderful new white po¬
tato, Early Bird. Best and earli¬
est grown. Average yield 350
bu. Sold only with catalog.
Catalog alone, free. Write today.
DARLING & BEAHAN,

328 Michigan St.. PtTOSKIY. MICH.

SEEDS

THEILMANN’H — The Seedmen — carry a full line of Garden
and Field Seeds. Onion Seed a specialty. Write to-day for
their catalog and Special Prices.

THE THEIEMANN SEED CO., - Erie, Pa.

600,000

planters scattered the world ever
are willing to say under oatli that
Solzer’s Earliest Vegetables are
from six to twenty days earlier than the earliest of their kind
produced from oilier seedsmen’s seeds. Why! Because for
more tlia.ii one-tlnnl of a century Salzer’s Seeds have been
bred up to earliness.

Salzer'a Scorcher l’cu lOo
| 1 " “ Eurly Bird Radish lOo

JfwdTfeJ U \1 “ “ Salzer’s Earliest Lettuce 10c

■ 11 “ “ Earliest Cucumber lOo

** Earliest ltcuns lOo

4th of J uly Sweet Corn lOe
(Six days earlier llniu Peep O' Day)

1 1 “ “ Six Weeks V erbena 15e

Total 7&a

Above seven packages of earliest vegetable and flower novelties posi¬
tively have no equal ou oartb for earliness. If you wish the earliest,
fluest vegetables for your home garden or for the market, Salter's seeds
will produce them every time. We mull you above seven big packages,
together with our great plaut and seed catalogue for 85c Stumps.

FOR 16c. POSTPAID

We mail to you our big catalogue with sulticient seed of cabbage, celery,
lettuce, onions, rudishes and turnips to grow iMKKl luscious vegetables
and a package containing 1000 kernels of beautiful (lower seeds besides!

JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse, Wi3.

itsk

2/6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 1,

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Tenant's Right in Timber.

A man is left by will a farm of which he is
to have life use; then it goes to his sons. Can
he cut some of the standing timber to repair
the buildings on the farm? Can his sons for¬
bid him from cutting and selling any of the
timber? M, h.

A life tenant of a farm may cut stand¬
ing timber so far as is necessary to re¬
pair the buildings on the farm. He may
not, however, cut and sell such timber.
By doing so he would commit waste, and
be liable to the remaindermen therefor.

Contract Between Husband and Wife.

What security should a man give to his wife
on borrowing money from her? Is his note
legal? K-

Under the common law a husband
could not enter into a binding contract
with his wife. In the eye of the law, a
husband and wife were one, and conse¬
quently could not make contracts with, or
sue each other. In many States this dis¬
ability is removed, and contracts may be
made and suits maintained directly be¬
tween husband and wife. In Massachu¬
setts the enabling acts have not gone so
far as to permit a married woman to
make contracts directly with her hus¬
band nor do they authorize suits between
husband and wife. The note of a husband
to his wife for money borrowed would
be of no value to the wife, therefore. To
secure the wife properly, the husband, on
borrowing money from her, should act
through a third party. He can transfer
to a third person sufficient of his prop¬
erty to cover the loan, and the third
party can, in turn, transfer it to his wife.
In this way she would be absolutely pro¬
tected.

Altering Water Course.

I have a lot containing about 12 acres,
that has a small stream of water running
through it a good part of the year, and the
town turns 'in a drain from highway also.
The lot has a road on west side, and also on
south side, the brook running under the
south road when there is water in it. Have
I right to turn t lie water out in the gutter
of the west road, and let it follow the gutter
around to where the brook goes uuder the
south road? b. h. g.

Connecticut.

The owner of the 12 acres through
which the brook flows can divert its
course through his own property in any
way he sees fit, provided the water is
returned to the point where it now leaves
his property, and the volume of the flow
is not materially decreased. Ordinarily
the owner of the land adjoining a high
way owns the fee of the road to the cen¬
ter thereof, and may use it in any way
that is n<5t inconsistent with its use as a
highway. If by turning the water into
the gutter of the highway any obstruc
tion or inconvenience would result to the
public in using the road, then such ac¬
tion would not be permissible. If, how¬
ever, the road is of such width and the
gutter so far removed from the traveled
way as to detract nothing from its use as
a highway, we think the brook might be
diverted into the gutter. This is largely
a question of fact depending upon the
circumstances, and would probably be de¬
termined largely by the view of the public
authorities. There -is nothing, however,
to prevent the owner from running the
brook along the boundary of the road
just within the fence line.

Pollution of Brook.

Washings of paved streets And sewage
from an incorporated village, have polluted
a stream, or ditch which passes through 17
farms. Said stream was formerly a spring
brook and is now inadequate to drain more
than adjacent fields. The farmers wish
stream in its original purity. AYhat mode of
procedure would you advise? c. f. c.

Hamburg, N. Y.

The village authorities are not entitled
to pollute a stream flowing through pri¬
vate property by turning into it sew¬
age and other refuse. The persons
through whose lands the stream flows will
be protected by an injunction of the court
forbidding such pollution, and may also
recover any damages that may have been
sustained in the past by reason of it. The
injunction can be procured in an action
brought by one of the iniured owners
against the village, in which the bill of
complaint should set forth the facts,
showing the existence of the stream and
its pollution by the acts of the authori¬
ties. The plaintiff in the action should
ask for a permanent injunction forbidding
the continuance of the nuisance, and for
the damages resulting from the past
wrongful acts of the authorities.

Maintaining a Road Fence.

In this part of the State there are not more
Ilian half of the farmers who have road
fences ; some do and some do not. I have a
neighbor joining me on one side, with the
public highway betw-een us, and out of spite
he wants to make me put up a road fence
around my farm. He claims he can force
me to do it by first fencing his own. Can
he? A.

As we understand this question, A’s
land is separated from his neighbor’s by
a public highway. That being so, the

neighbor cannot compel A to fence his
land along the highway. Even where
lands adjoin, one of the owners may re¬
fuse to erect and maintain a fence. In
such case, however, if his neighbor calls
upon him to erect his share of the divi¬
sion fence, and he fails to do so, he can
recover no damages from his neighbor by
reason of cattle entering his lands from
his neighbor’s property where they law¬
fully may be, and he is liable for any
damage to his neighbor that may result
from animals straying from his premises
on to his neighbor’s land. If a man is
willing to take this risk, he cannot be
compelled to maintain fences in any case.

Nine Tools in One

1 Wire Stretcher, 2 Wire Cutters,

3 Staple Pullers, 2 Hammers,

1 Wire Splicer.

BLACK BULL

the handiest tool ever made for
the man on the farm. Pays for Itself in one month.
SEE WliAT THIS MAN SAYS:

Dear Sir: Joplin. Mo.

I think your Black Bull combination tool is the great¬
est all around farm and fence tool I have ever used

J. D. MORRISON.

Ask your hardware dealer to show you Black Bull
tool. If your dealer doesn’t carry the Black Bull, we
will send it post paid to any address on receipt of
*1.26. Address

UTICA DROP FORGE & TOOL CO.,

81 CENESEE ST., UTICA, N. Y.

THE TOWNSEND

WIRE STRETCHER

is the most easily attached or de¬
tached of any implement made.
Stretches to the last post as well as
to any. Steel grips that never slip.
Can be got at any Hardware store.
Write tor circulars. Satisfaction
guaranteed.

F. G. TOWNSEND,
Painted Post, New York.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &

MFG. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

What everybody needs

A Strong Iron Gate

At Price of Wood.

Any length made to order.
We make a specialty of
FARM AND LAWN FENCING. Agents Wanted.
We sell at Agents price where we have none.

Challenge Fence Co., Union Deposit, Pa.

—

if

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

=■“) )

If You
Want a

FENCE

That is Horse High, Bull Strong,
Pig and Chicken tight
That is made from the best High
Carbon Steel Wire
That is heavily Galvanized to pre¬
vent rust or corrosion
That is Coiled to provide for con¬
traction and expansion
That you can buy direct from us
at Wholesale Prices with

Freight Prepaid

To Your Station

That you can examine and order
returned if displeased
That you can erect and use for 30
days and return at our freight
expense if unsatisfactory and
get your money, write forour
New Catalogue telling how Wire
is made, how it is Galvanized
and why some Wire is good
and some is bad. It is FREE.
Write for it to-day. Address,

KITSELMAN BROTHERS,

Box 230 MUNCIE. INDIANA.

RUBEROID

trape mark

.isreneo

OOFING

STANDARD

Ruberoid was the first elastic, weather-proof roof-
ing made, and to-day there is more of it in use than
of any other prepared material. The combination of
ingredients used in the manufacture of Ruberoid Roof¬
ing is owned and patented exclusively by us. No one else
ever has made or can make Ruberoid Roofing. We are its
sole manufacturers. To protect you against imposition by
unscrupulous wou'd-be imitators, wo stamp the registered
trade-mark “R UBEROID’ on the under side, every
four feet. If you take any other, you do so at join-
own r.sk. Ruberoid Roofing is the only prepared roofing
which outlasts metal and shingles. Costs much less
Weather-proof ai.d fire-resisting. Your farmhand
can apply it. Complete directions, nails, tin caps and our
Ruberme Cement with every roll, bend for samples

and Booklet K.

The Standard Paint Co.

Sole Manufacturers

100 William St., New York,

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the field. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. So twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

(|A.OO For A

IOmaghine

That will weave fence at
cost of wire only. Saves
money. *25 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel Wire
for 100 iodsof fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CAKTEll WIPE FENCE
MACHINE CO.

Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio

l BBOUM8S&S?.

^Heaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire I

k. 15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

We also sell direct to fanners atwholesale prices,,

I Coiled Spring. Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.

, Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

‘ JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

§teel Posts That Stand the Test

It Is well there are people who like to "
experiment with new things; the aver¬
age farmer gets the benefit of their experi¬
ence. If a new fruit or post Is popular after
ten years — it is safe. That Is just the time
our posts have been tested, and sales ln-=^j
creasing steadily. Where we have no agents,
we sell direct.

BOND STEEL POST COMPANY,

Adrian, Michigan.

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE

A Fence — Not a Netting

An unique combination of strength, econ-
omy, utility and durability.

We make the w i re from highest quality
material, galvanize it heavily with new prime
western sp iter and weave into fence.

The cables are two steel wires twisted
together; the pickets are single wires tightly
looked where they cross cables by the pat¬
ented “Union Lock.”

The mesh. \\i x 3 at bottom and gradually
increasing to 4 x 3 at the top, successfully
prevents escap; of chickens, small or large.
No top rail or bottom boards tequired, and
less than the usual number of posts.

T. stimonials prove that the Union Lock
Fence wears better and longertban any other
fence or netting and is more satisfactory.

Catalogue D and
the handsome new
edition of our hook-
lot “A Short Story
for Poultry Rais¬
ers” mailed free on
application.

The newehapters
— T he Profit of
Poultry Raising—
The Most Popular
Varieties of Fowl— Feeding— Hatching and
Raising of Chickens — Housing — Fencing— were
written by recognized authorities, are instructive,
valuable, practical and interesting.

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

MILLS AT

New- Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. ; Oakland, Cal.

ALL

BEAUTY

ADMIRE
FROST
BEST^

^CHEAPEST

strength and substantiality. These requisites are
necessary in fencing and gates if satisfaction is
desired. The ‘‘FROST” contains all these essentials.
Catalogue free.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

Fencing

;;U

mm

: V

St*'

pi

Factory Net Price List.

As it Looks When Erected.

Regular.

19 & 20 Wire.

24 inch per rod, ®

36 “ “ “

48 “ “ “

60 “ “ “

72 “ “ “

84 “ “ “

Extra Heavy
No. 17 Wire.

.28

24 inch,

$ .48

.35

36 “

.59

.42

48 “

.70

.48

60 “

.85

.54

72 “

.93

.60

84 “

1.00

for any number of rods or rolls.

This fence is put up in 10 and 20 rod rolls. ,, D accept oruers

and pay freight on orders for S 10. or over almost everywhere. We have poultry yard gates
covered with this fence. They open both ways; are very convenient, durable and siglitlv.
Price list free. For more than five years we have been selling Union Lock Poultry and Fieid
Fence to farmers and poultrymen. They prize it for many reasons. It is

The Fence That Does Not Sag.

It stretches perfectly and fits uneven ground. It is easily erected. Its horizontal cable wires
make it strong enough to turn all stock, while its 1% inch meshing at the bottom keeps in the
little chicks. Extremes of heat and cold do not affect it, it adjusts for all temperatures It is sold
at farmers’ prices.

WE MAKE PROMPT SHIPMENTS. For this purpose we maintain mills in both Con¬
necticut and Illinois. We ship from nearest mill. Send in your order now and be ready for an
early spring. Catalog of Farm, Poultry and Lawn fence free. Write for it.

CASE BROTHERS, 11 MAIN STREET, COLCHESTER, CONNECTICUT.

f

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

277

TRIMMING LOW-HEADED APPLE
TREES.

trees that split. I will only say that I
know more about trees now than 60 years

How Mr. Vergon Does It.

Part II.

Thinning the Tops. — In thinning out
the tops of the trees (the limbs are up¬
right, or nearly so) there is not so much
danger of bad results, and it usually does
not need so much trimming. Much care
should be taken if larger limbs are taken
off from the body of the trees ; you
should see what the results will be
before it is removed. It may cause too
large an opening, and endanger the body
of the tree by the sun, and a waste of
space with no fruit. The screen of
branches should be perfect as possible all
around the tree. The screen should admit
a free circulation of air and sunshine, so
as to flicker through the foliage, checker¬
board fashion. This will cause the ap¬
ples to be of almost uniform quality. All
wounds of any consequence should be
covered with good paint made with white
lead and linseed oil; for looks, a little
lampblack will make it the color of the
bark. It is very apparent to me that
everything is in fa ,or of low-headed
trees; more than one-half of the trim¬
ming is done from the ground, and fully
one-half of the apples are picked from
the ground, from trees that are 17 years
o’d this Spring; spraying is facilitated in
no small measure. The trunks of the
trees are not exposed to the sun ; we
have not a flat-headed borer in the or¬
chard ; the trees withstand the storm bet¬
ter, for the harder portion of the storm
rises over the tops of the trees.

A Handy Pruning Saw. — The pruning
saw on page 270, Fig. 1 1(5, we have used
more than 40 years and never found any¬
thing worthy to take its place. (It is not
in the markets.) We use nothing else,
unless on trees two or three years old;
a good pocket knife will answer the
purpose. To procure it buy a first-class
tenon saw 16 inches long, tvith not less
than 11 or 12 teeth to the inch (will cut
rapid and smooth). A machinist will
cut the blade to one inch broad at the
end, not including the back; have this
cut to one-half its width, and you have a
light saw, I believe the best in existence.
It is best to have a vacancy of one tree
to eight or ten acres of the orchard to
burn the brush on — the ashes are conveni¬
ent for use.

A Brush Drag — I have always claimed
that nothing should be hauled out of the
orchard except apples. To get the brush
to the fire the brush drag is the thing,
cheap and easily made. Four 2x4 scant¬
lings, 14 feet long, for the runners, sloped
up on the front end ; set them seven feet
apart at front end, 10 feet at hind end,
evenly spaced ; set on edge ; spike on five
cross pieces, and six 1x4 boards nailed
on top. A stake may be put on each
hind corner, but not necessary. No one
can afford not to have a brush drag,
even if he has only a few acres of or¬
chard.

Chaining a Split Tree. — To save with
an iron cable a tree that is split, get lag
bolts such as are used on telephone
poles, of good length, not too heavy;
better have two sizes to suit the branches.
Have a blacksmith turn a hook of two
inches, including the head of the bolt;
bore holes in the large limbs opposite each
other, up some distance; will be better
leverage and have room to do the work.
Don’t bore through the limb; turn the
bolt in with a piece of fiat iron in the
hook of the bolt; the hook should be
left out so as not to come in contact with
the growth of the limb for years to come.
Put on two rounds of No. 9 wire over
the hooks, the piece of iron in the cen¬
ter, and turn the cable tight as a drum.
The cost is nominal. The hooks will
never pull out if the holes are not too
large, and no harm will come to the
tree. I had several trees fixed in this
way many years ago, and they are all
right yet, and will be indefinitely. The
question may arise why I should have

ago. F. P. VERGON.

Ohio.

The “King Edward” Apple.

J. L. O., Washington, D. G. — Are the state¬
ments made in this extract true, especially
the one underscored? Is not King of Tomp¬
kins County the omy recognized “King” apple
in this country?

Ans.— The clipping contains an article
of extravagant praise for the “King Ed¬
ward apple,” said to be originated by
John Churchill, of Winslow, Me. Here
is a sample :

In passing through his nursery in July,
1894, M’r. Churchill noticed that the short
stem where a graft had failed had sent up
a very vigorous sprout below the stump. It
was almost black in color and gave signs of
so much vigor that it was permitted to live
as an experiment. From this side shoot from
a tree where the graft had perished has orig¬
inated an apple that has brought millions of
dollars to Maine. The fruit is short and
bulging at the equator, giving it a shape like
a pumpkin. Its color is dark red at the stem,
shading through cherry and magenta to a
bright pink at the blossom end. Until the
end of January it is so hard that it will
crack open like a ball of ice if dropped upon
the floor. At this lime it is so unpalatable
and sour that no animal will eat it. loiter
it begins to grow mellow, and by March it
has a fragrant tartness that is enjoyed by
every one who tastes it. It makes excellent
pies and sauces, while for English turnovers
its quality is of the best.

On referring the matter to Prof. W. M.
Munson, of Maine, we have the following
reply :

I do not know Mr. Churchill .and never
heard of the apple mentioned. It has
never been shown at the meetings of the
Maine State Pomological Society, and the
largest growers in Kennebec County, in
which Winslow is located, know nothing
of the apple. The statement that “it has
brought millions of dollars to Maine” is
absolutely without a shadow of founda¬
tion. I am inclined to think the whole
statement “made out of whole cloth.”
Regarding your correspondent’s query,
King of Tompkins County is the only
recognized “King” at present. The name
has been applied to several other varie¬
ties, as King Sweeting, King Tom, Jona¬
than (King Philip), Lady’s Fancy (ac¬
cording to Downing), and some others.

w. M. MUNSON.

Eucalyptus in Ohio ; Black and Yellow Locust.

G. L. G., Dayton, ().— Is the Eucalyptus
tree hardy enough to grow for posts or
timber in Ohio? What is the difference be¬
tween the Yellow and the Black locust?
Dealers offer seeds of the Yellow, but not
of the Black, and I want the best, as I wish
to plant a large tract for fence posts.

Ans. — There are many species of Eu¬
calypti, mostly natives of Australia, but
a few kinds grow naturally in the East
Indies. Some are valuable timber trees
when they can be grown, but none is
hardy enough for the climate of Ohio.
Eucalypti in considerable variety grow
well in California and some of the
Southern States, where they are little ex¬
posed to frost. Yellow and Black locust
are popular names for the same tree,
Robinia Pseudacacia. Seeds are gener¬
ally sold as those of the Yellow locust.

Don’t Give U

There is a cure for Spavins, Ringbones
Curbs, Splints and all other forms of lame¬
ness. It has been used all these years by the
best horsemen, breeders and trainers and it
never fails. That is their testimony on

KENDALL’S
SPAVIN CURE.

Brooklyn, Conn., Jan. 10, 1904.

Dr. B. T. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt.,
Gentlemen: — I would like you to send to my
address your “Treatise on the Horse and his Dis¬
eases.” I use Kendall's Spavin Cure and know
its goodness as I have cured two Bone Spavins
on two different horses and know it is the best of
anything I ever tried or heard of.

Very truly yours,

A. M. BUTLER.

-I

Price 9 1 ; six for 95. As a liniment for family use
it has no equal. Ask your druggist for KENDALL’S
SPAVIN CURE, alse "A Treatise on the Horse.”

the book free, or address

PR- J- KENDALL CO., Enosburg Falls, Vt.

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

Now Buys
4^4^ Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 0AYS’

FREE
TRIAL.

Its equal else¬
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fully describes it and 250
other styles of pleasure
and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There is as much difference beticeen “Columbia" and
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toadstools.
buy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no more than t lie unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply Co.80^:*" *;c-

OUR FREE CATALOG

* DEATH TO HEAVES

NEWTON’S Heave, Cough, D la-
temper and Indigestion Cara

A veterinary specific for wind,
r ..^.throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.»
Toledo, Ohio.

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
structed. Saves
labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS Notts':

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to titany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

32 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬
ing to consumers exclusively. r

We Have No Agents

but ship anywhere for ex¬
amination and approval,
guaranteeing safe deliv¬
ery. Y ou are out noth¬
ing ifnot satisfied as to
style, quality and
price. We make 200
styles of vehicles and
No. 723(£. Driving Wagon with % Inch 65 styles of harness.

rubber tires. Price complete $56. As Our large Catalogue la No. 307. Fine Canopy TopSurrey. Pricecom-
good as sells for $^5 more. FREE. Send for It. plete $103. As good as sells for $30 more.

Elkhart Carriage (Sb Harness Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

AT TWO-THIRDS RETAIL PRICE

W hen you buy a carriage or harness from our factory yon give us two-thirda
the sum you would pay the dealer. The remaining one-third is your profit.
W e are the only house in the state of Ohio selling direct to the customer who
actually manufacture the vehicles and harness they offer for sale. Wecan
and do sell a high grade class of work at a great saving to the purchaser, and
our liberal guarantee carries with it abundant evidence that prices are not
offset by reduction of quality. Weansolutely refund money to any dissatis-
Jle<[ 'instomer who purchases a carriage or harness from us and pay freight
liotlnvays. Write for free catalogue showing styles and explaining our plan.
W e have thousands of testimonials from satisfied customers.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

You Can’t Get Cheated
on Split Hickory Buggies

ft First — Because they are made by a concern with a reputa-

WW W J* tion to protect that is founded on honest material and work¬
manship and honest and fair treatment of all customers.

Second— Every piece of material in a Split Hickory Buggy is guaranteed
for two years.

Third— Every Split Hickory Buggy is sent out on a positive, definite 30
Days Free Use Plan, backed up by an absolute agreement on our
part to take back any buggy at our expense if it is not satisfactory to
the purchaser, refunding every cent of the purchase price. Our Two
Year Guarantee gives you better protection than if you came to our
factory to order your own buggy and watched the process of its man¬
ufacture from the time the hickory is split from the log until it reaches
the shipping room, where the finished buggy is crated for shipment
to your station.

This Guarantee

places upon
our shoulders1
the entire responsibility of building you a
first-class buggy. If we were called upon
to be constantly repairing and replacing de¬
fective parts the profit on a buggy would soon
be eaten up in these repairs. That’s the reason
we are so particular in the selection
of all material, and that is why we
pay more for our material and throw
out every piece of hickory
that shows the least sign
of knots, wind-shakes or
Imperfections of any
kind. That is also the
reason that it pays us to
split the hickory from the
log instead of sawing it,
which is an expensive
operation and causes a
great deal of waste, but in
the long run it is economy,

mm

Hi

and that is also why we employ skilled labor at skilled labor wages in every department.
That is why we equip every buggy with long-distance, dust-proof axles made of the best
quality refined steel, use nothing but oil-tempered springs; the upholstering, every thread
of it, all wool 16-oz. fast color broadcloth; box frame easy riding spring cushions; full
length tops made water-proof and very durable; why every weak point Is braced and
reinforced; shafts, the best quality double braced with heel and corner braces; and that
is also why it costs us twice as much for the painting as the ordinary painting, because
it is painted by the old-fashioned oil and lead process, with all wood-work carried 100
days in pure oil and lead, and every Split Hickory Special Top Buggy is furnished with
16 coats of painting, each coat rubbed out and thoroughly dried before the next is applied.

These Are Some of the Reasons Why Our Split Hickory Special

Top Buggy is the most popular buggy in the U. S. today. These are also the reasons
that where one buggy is sold others follow. The price is S50 and it is sold on 30 DAYS
FREE USE PLAN. You can buy buggies cheaper than $50, but not of the kind or
quality of our SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL TOP BUGGY. We are not competing with
a shoddy class of goods. You do not want that kind of goods if you want to make a good
investment with your money. It is not economy to buy a cheap article because the
price is low when there is no value attached to it.

It is worth something to know that The Ohio Carriage Miii. Co. has a record
for fair dealing with thousands of buggy users all over the United States and its refer¬
ences are the leading banks and business houses of Cincinnati.

Let us send you our Free 1 905 Catalogue, it is said to be the handsomest and most complete
buKuy catalogue ever sent out by a carriage manufacturer. It is absolutely free, contains 192 pages
of buggy and harness information and you ought to have it to post yourself on the best that is made
iu the buggy and harness line and uold at money-saving prices direct from the factory to you. Write
for our catalogue today. v\ e will uend it postage prepaid promptly on receipt of your inquiry.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., (H. C. Phelps, Pres.)
STATION 290 CINCINNATI, OHIO.

278

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 1,

“CHEMICALS AND CLOVER” UP-
TO-DATE.

Development of a Fertilizer Farm.

Part II.

Why do the potatoes follow corn?

There are several good reasons for
this arrangement of the rotation. Po¬
tatoes do best in a soil that is filled with
humus, well decayed. Corn also does
best when the soil is filled with organic
matter, but there is this difference: Corn
thrives on the coarser forms of organic
matter, like a fresh sod or stable ma¬
nure, while potatoes do better after this
humus has been well rotted. Corn is a
gross feeder, while potatoes are more
delicate in their food requirements. In
other words, the corn is better able to
utilize the sod and the manure, while the
potatoes are better able to make use of
the humus after it has been “strained
through a crop of torn.” We might com¬
pare corn in its feeding capacity with a
hog, both being able to consume the coarse
roughage of the farm. The potato crop
may be compared to a fine horse, requiring
a more careful feeding than the corn
or the hog. Again, the thorough
culture which the potatoes receive,
and the work of digging and har¬
rowing the crop, gives the soil a thor¬
ough fitting for wheat and grass, which
follow the potatoes. Mr. Clark, of Con¬
necticut, says that he plans to work the
soil 16 or 20 times during the season
before sowing grass. Including work
with harrow, weeder, cultivator and po¬
tato digger, Mr. Lewis will give his po¬
tato field nearly that much working be¬
fore the grass seed is put in.

But why put all or nearly all of the
fertilizer on the potato crop? Why not
put on what that crop needs, and apply
the rest to the grain and grass?

There are several answers to that ques¬
tion. How much fertilizer does a crop
of potatoes need? During the past 20
years Mr. Lewis says he has had only
three crops of potatoes that could be
called heavy. Yet each year the fertiliz¬
ing and the culture have been the same.
The scientific men have claimed usually
from single year experiments that this
plan of crowding fertilizer upon the po¬
tato crop in excess of its actual require¬
ments is a mistake. Farmers who pay
for the fertilizer and count the cost do
not agree with such conclusions. 1 he ob¬
ject of the heavy fertilizing is to keep the
plant constantly supplied witn available
food, so that if the vines are kept healthy
and the plants supplied with moisture the
crop can have no excuse for refusing to
grow. It is better to have too much than
too little of food. As for feeding the
following crops of wheat and grass, when
the fertilizer is put on the potatoes it. is
thoroughly worked into the soil. Evi¬
dently this plant food is in a better posi¬
tion to feed grain and grass than ordi¬
nary fertilizer put on top of the ground
after the crops have started. It is true
that top-dressing of grain or grass is
sometimes needed on this farm, especially
after a very heavy potato crop. For
starting these crops the surplus left by the
potatoes, well worked into the soil, is
ample. As for the claim that this surplus
plant food is leached out of the soil and
lost, both theory and fact disprove it. The
field is left bare scarcely 10 days or two
weeks. Little if any nitrogen is lost
from a soil while a living crop is grow¬
ing upon it. The young wheat and grass
plants take care of it, and prevent its
escape. A more practical argument is the
fact that the wheat and grass crops are
maintained and continue to give satis¬
factory results. Take these figures of
sales from Mr. Lewis’s farm :

Value of hay. Value of wheat.

1901 $831.81 $282.57

1902 . 767.62 330.29

1903 . 466.39 465.39

1904 . 631.77 219.93

1905 . 646.06 481.05

$3,343.65 $1,779.23

Remember that the fertilizer put on the
potatoes is to feed three crops — potatoes,
wheat and grass. One year with another

the potato crop alone pays for the fer¬
tilizer — the wheat and grass charging
practically nothing for their board, yet
still being well fed. The fertilizer which
Mr. Lewis uses is built for this method
of farming — that is, to take care of three
crops. It is easy to see that a simple mix¬
ture of three or four substances like ni¬
trate of soda and tankage, acid phosphate
and muriate of potash, would provide
plant food for one crop, but it would
not, if used as Mr. Lewis uses fertilizer,
keep up the yield of all crops evenly, and
at the same time increase the produc¬
tive power of the farm. A fertilizer suit¬
able for this form of fertilizer farming
will contain 10 or a dozen different sub¬
stances. This insures a constant supply
of available plant food from the time the
little potato plants start until the last
crop of hay is cut — three years later. For
example, fine ground bone in the soil be¬
comes more and more available as it de¬
cays, while the reverse of this would hap¬
pen with phosphoric acid derived entirely
from acid phosphate. In discussing this
farm two things must always be under¬
stood. The soil is not light and sandy.
It is naturally strong, but when Mr.
Lewis began the use of fertilizers it was
not highly productive. Chemical farm¬
ing has made the soil as rich as a garden,
and at the same time paid a good profit.
Another thing is that this system of
farming is within the capacity of two
strong men, or one farmer and a hired
man, during the growing and harvesting
season. It is also fanning — not garden¬
ing or trucking or fruit growing.

It will be seen that under Mr. Lewis's
system two-fifths of the farm land is
plowed each year, the remainder being in
wheat and grass. The first plowing is
for potatoes, which means the corn stub¬
ble. Of late years Mr. Lewis has fol¬
lowed the plan of sowing Crimson clover
in the corn at the last cultivation. This
clover makes a fair growth and has given
fair pasture for cows in the Fall. Spring
plowing comes before the Crimson clover
has made a large growth. Every good
farmer knows that care must be taken to
fit the ground thoroughly for potatoes,
and the soil is plowed and then harrowed
until it is mellow and open. Part of the
fertilizer is put on broadcast and har¬
rowed in. A favorite plan for broadcast¬
ing fertilizer is to put it on with a grain
drill — with all the tubes open. The re¬
mainder of the fertilizer is put in the
drill with the seed — the planter doing the
whole thing evenly and well. There is a
division of opinion among farmers as to
the best way Jo apply the fertilizer. Some
of them say that all of it might well be
broadcast, while others are willing to
put at least 1,200 pounds per acre directly
in the drill. Mr. Lewis believes in a
division, broadcasting part of the fertil¬
izer and harrowing it in. Without doubt
this broadcasting is best for the crops of
grain and grass which follow the pota¬
toes. The best argument for broadcast¬
ing is that it induces the roots of the
potato crop to run out all over the soil —
seeking a wider pasturage, and thus
reaching a better supply of moisture.
As we are occupied now in studying the
plant food supplies and requirements of
this farm, we will not describe the meth¬
ods employed in growing potatoes, but
study the wheat and grass next, in con¬
nection with Alfalfa, which crop Mr.
Lewis has been studying for some years,
until he feels confident that he can grow
it successfully after potatoes. h. w. c.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

PureWSteIead

Every house-owner should
know this paint fact: PURE
White Lead is the one paint
that gives greatest protection
and decoration for least cost
in labor and material.

All house-paint is graded
according to the amount of
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White Lead.

Much impure White Lead is in the market.
Our booklet " What Paint and Why "
names the pure brands sold in your vi¬
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NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
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National Lead fit Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

Hallock

i Flat Tooth

Weeder

Kills weeds, stirs top soil, makes dust mulch,
preserves moisture. Great benefit to all
crops. Manufactured under special license.
Seeder Attachment insures uniform sowing
and right covering of all grasses. Sows 2 to
18 quarts per acre. Ask for book of field
scenes showing weeder at work.

Keystone Cultivator Attachment

for Sulky, Riding, Walking or Two Row
Cultivators. Runs on
the row, where chovels
cannot reach. Uncov¬
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kills weeds. Great cul¬
tivator feature.

Write for descriptive
circulars.

Keystone Farm Machine Co.,

1547 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

20th Century Wagon Box

fodel

fox

Mancie, Indiar

Catalog FREE.

MAKE MONEY

pulling stumps, ^rubs.etc.,
and clearing land for your¬
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Stump Puller In the bent*

Hircules Mfg. Co. , Dept, ps , Cintirvilla.la.

One Man Better Than Two

With Planet Jr. Garden Tools one man brings larger and better retnmsthan two, and
sometimes half a dozen, under the old methods. Get our lit 05 Planet Jr. Catalog. It will help make your
year’s work successful. Dcsoribes all Vianet Jr. Tools, including seeders, wheel hoes, hand and
walking cultivators, harrows, one and two-horse cultivators, sugar beet cultivators, etc. ,

No. 12 Double Wheel Hoe tachments it may"be converted

Into tools without equal for weeding, cultivating, furrowing, ridging, et
W orks between or astride rows; to or from plants. Changed In a moment.

No. 12
Double
Wheel Hoe.

No. 3 Hill and Drill Seeder implement. Plants in

continuous rows or in hills. No waste in stopping; nohilla
missed in starting. Marks opens furrows,
drops seed, covers and rolls. Light,
easy-running. Don’t Hill to |fet
the catalog. It’s free,

S. L. ALLEN 4 CO.,

Box 1107 V Philadelphia, Pa.

8

Hill and
Drill
Seeder.

BUCKEYE

f.

Walking Cultivator

In Modern Farming

machinery has an importance that cannot
be overestimated, and whether the farm be
large or small, the equipment must be up-
to-date, ample, and economical of operation
and maintenance. The famous Buckeye line
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The latest addition to this popular line is the
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which has many new and improved features.
The one-piece steel axle gives it great strength
and rigidity. Frame perfectly balanced. No
Joints to work loose and wobble. All tending
to prolong the life of the cultivator and add to
^ its efficiency and economy. Light and neat
in appearance, it is the best cultivator of
this style now on the market.

Look over the Buckeye linn at your deal-
. er’s, and send for complete catalogue.

k P. P. MAST <fc CO.

9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

THE

Tandem Garden

Lou Dillon CULTIVATOR

A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Paving garden tool ever invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width
between) in an inst-nt. No wrench needed. Shallow, medium or Beep Culti¬
vation obtained by simple movement of the foot. Works soil at an even
depth all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without one of our time savers. Built for the big gar¬
dener and the little gardener, list d for any garden crop.

Last season's shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalo? and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

Scliaitole HVCnfs- Co.

Department C
ELYRIA - - OHIO

• Oiling the Spray Pump. — A few words of
advice may be timely just now. Everyone
knows that lime mixtures of all kinds are
very injurious to pumps and fixtures. This
may be largely avoided in this manner : As
soon as through with spraying pump plenty
of clean water through pump and fixtures
(preferably warm) ; then take three or four
gallons of crude oil, put in a bucket, then
set in the pump and return end of hose to
same pail. Pass the oil a number of times
through pump fixtures, etc., and they are in
perfect shape when wanted again. The oil
may be kept for this purpose from year to
year. w. h,

Columbia Co., N. Y.

MOBILE GARDEN CULTIVATORS

Four Complete Implements from one set of parts

"Mobile” cultivators embody a new principle— the SPRING FRAME—
which acts as steering gear and reduces the jar on the arms.

It cuts weeds between plants as well as you can do it with
thumb and finger. Earth-treating tools may be set at any
height or angle and shifted perpendicularly or sidewise. Re¬
move the tools, put on basket, box or barrel, and you have a
truck able to carry several hun¬
dred pounds. Wheels adjustable
to any width; change from one
wheel to two

ONLY « BOLTS AND 4
SPRING KEYS TO SHIFT

I You can convert in a few moments a "Mobile
cultivator into a plow, hoe, rake, weeder, harrow,
truck or marker. "Mobile” implements are far
superior to others without costing any more. Illustrated Booklet FREE.

The Mobile Garden Implement Mfg. Co., Box 124, Mt. Gilead, 0.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

HOW TO SPRAY HIGH TREES.

I have never used any platform higher than
the spray barrel in ray work, depending on
extension rods to reach the tops of the trees.
I do not see how we are going to use towers
of any height safely on our hillsides, where
many of our best orchards are located. It
would seem absolutely essential that we prac¬
tice low heading, in view of the numerous
insect enemies we have to combat. I»ow
heading is practicable in my judgment, both
with the apple aud pear, and no small con¬
sideration is the economy of gathering fruit
from trees so handled. j. r. Cornell.

Orange Co., N. Y.

We have no very tall trees, nothing that
we cannot reach from the top of our tank
with a 10-foot extension rod and 10 feet of
hose that we use on the pump. Our tank is
a homemade affair that holds 150 gallons,
and it cost something like $5 all- told. In
spraying the highest trees we climb on the
top of the tank, which is over four feet in
diameter, and about the same in height above
the platform, and from this, elevation with
plenty of pressure there should be no trouble
in reaching the tops of very tall trees if on
level ground. Where the trees are on a hill¬
side the matter is much more difficult. If I
wanted to get the spray still above the height
that I can reach at present I should build a
strong framework over and around my tank,
with steps and a platform, so I could go as
high with the spray as was necessary.

Itutchess Co., N. Y. t. e. cross.

Most of our spraying has been in peach or¬
chards. In those we don't need anything so
very high, but in spraying high apple trees
we use extension rods. Bamboo makes a very
light rod; we also have 12 feet of half-inch
pipe. With these long rods from a wagon we
can reach trees that are quite high. As I

have had little experience in spraying very
high trees, I cannot give just the information
asked for, but should say some platform on
a wagon'- with good extension rods would be
the best thing to use on high trees.

Hampden Co., Mass. ethelbert bliss.

We have never had use for a high ladder
or derrick in spraying, and fear that if we
should describe our method it would not seem
orthodox to many growers of tree fruits. Our
largest orchard, 70 acres, is quite rolling, and
we do not care to draw a large tank, but
use two well-built hayracks with fiat tops
closely boarded, 16 feet long and six feet
wide, with two-inch beveled strips on the out¬
side. and boxed in where front wheel strikes
to facilitate in turning. Use good heavy
brass spray pump in kerosene barrel, and
about 10 other kerosene barrels for storing
stock solutions and water. These racks are
set well up on good springs, and as our
trees are low, this puts us high enough, and
we can reach the trunk and lower part of
tree better than if too high. We load one
wagon with barrels of water (with float on
top to prevent spilling), also stock solutions,
one pound to one gallon of water, strainers,
pails, etc. This we draw to a convenient
place in the orchard for refilling: such a load
of water, six or eight barrels, usually lasts
alKMit half a day. In the other wagon we
load the barrel, with pump, tools for repairs,
etc. This? barrel is filled of course the first
time out.’. We use three men; one to drive
and pump and one on each side of wagon
with hose and eight-foot extension rods.

Kent Co., Mich. l. j. post.

In spraying high apple trees, which are the
highest trees we have yet had occasion to
spray, we use a “tower” or high platform,
securely bolted to the platform or box of the
wagon. This tower is a simple affair, built
of four strong scantlings for uprights. Cross¬

pieces are bolted at such a height from the
bottom as will bring the platform upon which
the workman will stand about, eight to 10
feet from the ground. Boards are nailed to
these cross-pieces for the floor and 2*4 to
three feet gbove this floor other pieces are
securely fastened to serve as a railing or
guard. The base of the uprights are of
course arranged at such a distance apart as
will fit the frame of the wagon, and the
tower should be securely braced. Ten feet
is about as high as would be found convenient
to have the platform above the ground, aud
it should, preferably, be placed over the rear
of the wagon, so. that the drift from the
spray will be more apt to pass away from
the wagon. My own spray wagon has a plat¬
form five feet broad, so the base of the tower
is five feet broad, but the top is probably
not more than half that distance, but it is
sufficiently long to permit two men to work
from the tower platform. The engine and
pump are placed under the tower, and all is
enclosed with three-eighths matched pine, so
the machinery is protected from the spray.
A stand-pipe is arranged with shut-offs at the
top of the tower. These shut-offs should
have handles six or1 eight Inches long, so they
can be worked when quite tight. We find
this a great improvement over having the
shut-offs at the base of the extension rod, as
it was practically impossible to keep them
tight enough to prevent them from leaking.
We use extension rods eight to 10 feet long,
with sufficient hose to work freely. Half¬
inch galvanized iron makes a good and cheap
rod. A rig of this character is a great ad¬
vantage in spraying trees of moderate height,
or even low trees, as it enables the workman
to see exactly what he is doing, and puts him
above most of the drift from the spray, thus
making the work more effective and much
pleasanter for the men. wn.rjs t. mann.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

m

One Acre for Poultry Pood.

One of our readers has a one-acre field now
in grass and weeds, that has not been culti¬
vated for five years. He wants to put it in
corn and root crops for poultry, sowing it to
rye in the Fall, to turn the chickens on to
pasture. He wants to know how to proceed.
What variety of corn would be best, what
root crops would you suggest, and how much
fertilizer ought to be used?

Ans. — I would plow that ground as
early as possible and thoroughly harrow
with a disk or Acme harrow several times
before planting the corn or root crops,
and would sow broadcast and harrow it
in the soil at least 600 pounds (and if the
soil is not good 1,000 pounds) of good
bone fertilizer. I know of no variety of
corn better for poultry or anything else
for that matter, especially on light
ground, than Learning. I have never
found any kind of root crop that will
equal beets, either sugar beets or man¬
gels, for poultry. The rye may be sown
at the last cultivation of the corn, two
bushels per acre, but instead of sowing
rye I should sow Crimson clover, four
quarts per acre. The only trouble with
Crimson clover is it is not so sure to
stand as rye, but it is much better both
for the chickens and the ground if it gets
a good start. For green feed for poultry
up until hard freezing weather there is
nothing that I can find that will equal
Dwarf Essex rape, but of course it will
not live through the Winter like clover
or rye. j. e. s.

A Vermont
Farmer Uses

Bradley’s

For

Thirty Years.

Mr. E. R. Towle, of Franklin County, Vt., writes: “About thirty years ago I commenced
to use the Bradley fertilizers.

Bradley’s was the leading kind then made, and it fully sustained its reputation and name,
and I am glad to say that it still does so after so many years of use. I used these fertilizers for
years on corn, potatoes and grain with good success. I have found them of great help along
with the manure made on the farm in the production of good crops and in

Sustaining the Fertility of the Soil

Farmers should make all the manure they can and then use a liberal amount, generally
the more the better, of quick-acting fertilizers like Bradley’s that assist so greatly in giving the
crop an early and vigorous start — a most desirable object with us at the north — as well as
carrying them forward to successful maturity.

For this purpose I BELIEVE THE BRADLEY FERTILIZERS RANK AMONG
THE FOREMOST IN VALUE, paying a good return for the investment.”

Why Experiment, when Bradley’s Fertilizers Produce Results Like These ?

BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS

American Agricultural Chemical Co.

92 State Street, Boston, Mass.

28o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 1,

j*Ruralisms"[

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Steel Greenhouse Pipe. — Fig, 1X3, page
270, shows in natural size a half section of
steel pipe after 10 years’ exposure to drip
from a greenhouse bench. 1 he upper
half section is from new, unused pipe of
same size. This sample of corroded pipe
was cut from a comparatively sound por¬
tion of a length that had rusted through
in several places, and was leaking so it
had to be replaced 1 . new material. It
was so fragile that it crushed where
gripped by the pipe-wrench when taken
out. There is no corrosion on the inside —
steel only rusts perceptibly when exposed
to air and water alternately or in com¬
bination. 1 he pipes in hot-water systems
are constantly ' filled with water from
which air has been expelled by the heat
of the boiler through which it circu¬
lates. There are several hundred feet like
. this in the Rural Grounds glasshouse, as
related on page 148, that must be replaced
by new material, and we propose to in¬
stall the dependable old-style cast-iron
pipes under the benches and in all situa¬
tions exposed to drip.

The whole question of perishable Bes¬
semer steel products, such as nails, fence
wire, pipes, etc., for farmers’ use is
being thoroughly ventilated in 1 he R.
N.-Y., and with promise of good effect.
It may soon be possible again to buy arti¬
cles made of good wrought or puddled
iron, or at least of decarbonized steel that
will resist moisture reasonably. Some of
the foremost dealers in greenhouse con¬
struction material now advertise wrought
pipes, and at least one prominent glass¬
house construction firm recommends and
offers cast iron piping in 3J/2-inch and
larger sizes. It seems absolutely clear
that carbon steel, though extremely use¬
ful for innumerable purposes, has very
low resistance to corrosion. The thick
rust flakes plainly seen in Fig. 113 shows
how rapidly the metal is destroyed after
the protection of the hard-rolled surface
of the tube is eaten through. This hard
surface protects the pipes for a season or
two, after which corrosion steadily pro¬
gresses, always going deepest where there
are portions containing an excess of car¬
bon. All pipe-handlers are familiar with
the crystals or nuggets of highly carbon¬
ized steel that roll up, at times as large as
a wheat grain, when cutting or threadin
the sections. If such a nugget extends
through the thickness of the pipe wall
rust will quickly follow it through and
start a leak, if in fence wire or in a nail
it causes a break in that particular place.

Troubles of Glasshouse Builders. — It
is unfortunate that the greenhouse builder
and owner must pay special tribute to
three, if not more, of the great trusts or
trade combinations, steel, glass and coal.
Many are inclined to add the fourth great
glasshouse requisite, lumber, to the group,
but it is plain that there is freer compe¬
tition in timber products than in the other
materials mentioned. He must pay the
price demanded for the necessary steel
and iron products, but is not at all cer¬
tain of getting the quality he wants. Glass
is unreasonably expensive, owing to our
prohibitory tariff, but the quality can be
determined by inspection, and the builder
usually gets what he pays for. All in
the anthracite coal area know the hold¬
up prices we are compelled to pay for
that indispensable fuel. There are glass¬
house cultivators so fortunately situated
that they may use bituminous coal, natural
gas or even wood, and thus measurably
escape this unmerciful tribute. The ex¬
periments with petroleum fuels instituted
during the great coal strike did not prove
satisfactory, and in any event it would
only be the change from the frying pan
to the fire — from the coal combination to
the oil monopoly. Glasshouse culture of
flowers and vegetables seems just now to

be pushed to the limit of profitable pro¬
duction of some staples — and there is evi¬
dent hard sledding for those who have
too much capital in glass structure, but
facilities for growing early plants are
much needed by farmers and truckers.
Small greenhouses, economically built of
good materials, and carefully managed,
are likely to prove both interesting and
profitable, if there is a fair outlet for the
products. We hope the time is near when
reliable glasshouse construction material
can be had at more reasonable prices, so
that there will be encouragement among
farmers to undertake the care of these
modern cultural conveniences. The ten¬
dency is to build more permanent struc¬
tures. Cement is used for foundation,
and to some extent for benches. Posts
are made from locust, cedar or osage ;
sash bars, benches and lumber construc¬
tion generally, of cypress or cedar. These
are very lasting materials. Glass, of
course, does not decay, and this leaves the
steel pipe and fittings as by far the most
perishable articles used. By the substi¬
tution of iron for steel, wherever exposed
to continuous dampness, a very durable
structure may be erected.

The Pitless Plum. — In the review of
seedless fruits on page 256 the pitless
plum was overlooked, yet this strange
freak has been known for centuries, and
is a worthy •companion in antiquity with
the seedless apple. European nurserymen
have grown from the earliest times and
sold as a curiosity, under the name of
“Prunier sans noyau/’ a plum bearing
small Damson-like fruits, having the seed
only partially covered by the stone. Some¬
times the bony covering was absent, thus
making a real stoneless plum. Luther
Burbank has bred from this ancient mon¬
strosity a fruit described as the “Miracle
plum” (see R. N.-Y., August 22, 1903,
page 504.) that is practically stoneless,
having only an occasional scale or sliver
of shell lying between the pulp and the
seed. This plum is of good size and fine
quality. Mr. Burbank says the tree is
vigorous and productive, and that still
better stoneless varieties are in prospect.
The Miracle plum has not yet been dis¬
seminated.

It will be noted that the Miracle and
other pitless plums are not seedless. The
seed or kernel is quite normal, but the
hard, stony covering has been nearly
eliminated and the seed lies embedded in
the flesh or pulp. As long as quality
is not lowered we can dispense with the
stone in the plum and similar fruits. The
presence of the actual seed is not objec¬
tionable and may even add piquancy of
flavor for some culinary purposes.

_ w. v. F.

Budding Peach; Apple Scions.

J. B. E., Alabama. — 1. I wish to bud
2,000 peach trees next June. I have no ex¬
perience in budding. I wish to know how
to select buds without getting the fruit
bud. 2. Having obtained from tl\e West
some No. 1 apple seedlings 12 to 14 inches in
length. I wish to know what length to cut
the scions, also what length to cut the roots,
or shall I cut the roots at all?

Ans. — 1. There is one unfailing rule
about selecting peach buds for budding, and
it is easily understood and can be worked
out without trouble. Where there is only
one bud at a place it may be and is
often a fruit bud; but where there are
two or more buds at one place one of
them is sure to be a growth bud. If
there are three buds it is the center one
that will make the growth. This never
fails to be the case. The fruit buds are
plumper and more blunt on the point
than the growth buds. The same, is true
of plum buds. 2. Scions for making root
grafts should be cut into pieces from five
to six inches long. The seedlings should
be cut off at the junction of the root
and top, and from four to five inches of
the top of the root cut off. This is called
the “first cut” and is the best for grafting.
A second and even third cut is also
used, and these often make good trees.
They do very well if not over three or
four inches long. h. e. van deman.

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

MADE ONLY BY THE

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL

BOSTON, MASS.

CO.,

Be sure and get Swift’s. If your dealer
does not handle it, write direct to us.

UVnDATCn I IU[ For mixing with kerosene
niUnAlLU LIiYIL andwaterto kill the San
.Jose Scale. Spray the trees and roses on lawn, in
garden or field. Cleans the trees and bushes Ef¬
fective, sure death to scale. Save the trees Cata¬
logue Free. _ _

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N J

SALIMENE

KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE

Write for circulars and testimonials.

DRY OR LIQUID FORM.

Monmouth Chemical Works. Shrewsbury, N. J.

\Q>KEI}’S

THE

GRAND!

PRIZE.,

^SH NttiP

WATERPROOF

OILED CLOTHING

RECEIVED THE"

HIGHEST POSSIBLE AWARD

AT THE ST. LOUIS WORLD S PAIR.

A

Send us the names of dealers in
your town who do not .sell our
(Joods, and we v^ill send you a
collection of pictures, in colors, of
famous towers of the world. 878 ~
A. J. TOWER CO, ESTABLISHED 1636.

BOSTON. HEW YORK. CHICAGO.

TOWER CANADIAN CO.. Limittd, TORONTO CAN.

AUTO-POP,

AUTO-SPRAY.

Great cleaning attachment on per¬
fect compressed air sprayer. Note
how easy — cleans nozzle every time
used, saves half the mixture. Brass
pump, 4 gal. tank. 12 pi unger strokes
comprcBBos air to Bpray ft aero. Wo manu¬
facture the largest lino in America of high
grade hand and power sprayers. Catalog free.
Write us if you want agency.

E. C. BROWN & CO.#

268 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

%

Hardie
Spray Pumps

are the fruit growers best
protection against all In¬
sects and diseases which
attack fruit trees. The
Hardie Spray Pump is the
simplest, strongest, most
durable andhighestpres-
sure spray pump made
and “It works so easy.”

Send today for our free
book on Spraying giving
all the best formulas and
Information about how the successful fruit
growers make big money. Just a request on a
postal will bring this valuable book.

HOOK-HARDIE CO.

XXI MECHANIC ST. HUDSON, MICH.

Pear affected by the San
Jose Scale which annual¬
ly destroys $30,000,000
worth of fruit.

PRAYING

brings fruits and flowers. We make
the right appliances. Special adapta¬
tion to every need.

HAND. BUCKET, BARREL KNAP¬
SACK an J POWER SPRAYERS.

20 styles. Nozzles, hose, attachments, formulas,
every spraying accessory. Write for free cataluf.

,The Doming Co., Salem, O.

Western Aijente, Hen\on ft Hubbell, Chic+ff*.

A5ton Scale for $15.00.

$15.00 cash, and $5.00 per month, before yon know it will
pay for the best Five Ton Farm and Stock Scale ever made.
Has beam box, ■ - brass compound

beam without 'ffipSHMSttfl weights, rein¬
fo reed double ?E5iPWI— trussedrolled
steel levers, cop- per plated rust¬
less pivots aud bearings, plat¬

form 15 x 8 ft. and >hr||ggjjgM a written guarau-

“JONES HE PAYS THE FREIGHT”. Extra induce¬
ments for full cash. Buy now and let your scale pay for
itself. Write on a postal “Send facts about time and cash
offer on wagon scales.” Mail it to Box 252

• JONES OF BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, N. Y.

can be raised profitably only in soil
containing plenty of Potash. All
vegetables require a fertilizer con¬
taining at least io per cent, actual

Potash

Without Potash no fertilizer is com¬
plete, and failure will follow its use.

Everv farmer should have our valuable books
on fertilization— they are not advertising
matter booming any special fertilizer, but
books of authoritat ive information that means
large profits to the farmers. Sent free for the
asking.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
98 Nassau Street, New York.

CDCC WITPflRPW Why waste money on
I (ILL minUULIl. commercial fertilizers?
Air is four-fifths nitrogen. LET JtACTERI A
GATHER IT FOR YOU! Inoculate your soil
and seed with Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria.
Safe and easy— anyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, etc. One
treatment lasts for years! Half acre package $1 ;
one acre $1.50.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue Burlington, Vt.

GETTHE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented T1JK ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying — FREE.

MORRILL & MORLET, Benton Harbor, Mich.

Millions of Bushels

,rs, peaches and plums in 1904 rendered

■MiBBa B

fungi and worms, could have

of apples, pears, pea
unsalable by scale,

if sprayed witli EXCELSIOR SPRAYERS.

- Write for money saving catalog.

WM. STAHL,

70 A Quincy, III.

.mi EMPIRE
,be KING

. or GARFIELD KNAPSACK

r PERFECT AQITATORS. No scorching foliage.

No leather nor rubber valves. All styles of Spray
Pumps. Valuable book of Instructions free.

| FIKI.1I FORCE PUMP CO., ii 1 1th St., Elmira, S. Y.

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Every tiling — Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel. Combined
band and horse power. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE.

Thomas Peppier, ox 45, Hightstown, N. J

MADE$1725f?

In spare time and home coun¬
ty. You may do as well.

Orders come fast for the

“Kant-Klog” Sprayer

with new spring shut-off. Catch a
good thing quick. Write for free
sample plan and full particulars

Rochester Spray Pump Co., 16 East Ave., Rochester, N.Y.

stillleads all others. Sows ail Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crass Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop-
perfor Crain. Sows20to40 acres per day. Hopper being
close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free, (v

0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

THE JUNIOR, No. 2

Meets the demands of parties who, for a small investment
wish to engage in the Cement Stone Business for the mar¬
ket, or purchase machine for their individual use

It is so simple and easy of operating and change for
different sizes that it can be successfully used by in¬
experienced operators,

ft is thoroughly adapted to any and all kinds of con¬
struction. business blocks, factories, dwellings, barns,
foundations, porches, yard fences, chimneys, etc.

It not only makes hollow blocks, but by using a parting
board will make veneer or partition walls, four- inch bed
or thickness and two stones at one operation, one ot
which can be rock or bevel edge, smooth. Manufactured by

Brady Cement Stone Machine Co., Ltd.,

Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

281

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes.— As I write a warm soft rain
is falling, and the ground is nearly bare ex¬
cept for the fringe of drifts in the hollows
and along the north sides of the stone walls.
Spring hasn't come, however, though we are
so glad to see the ground again that younger
people conclude that Winter is over... Not
much — we shall see rough weather yet. But
the green of the rye and the lighter color
of the young trees, as the sap begins to start,
are mighty cheerful signs. It does an old

fellow lots of good to see this young life

swelling and painting the face of nature after
the long and dreary Winter. It is a hopeful
season, and we must do our part at once. It

won't do to sit on the fence and dream while

spraying and pruning are waiting. Up and
at it ! . . . I find people here and there

who think the birds and wild animals know
more about the weather and the seasons than
the weather prophets do. They will be inter¬
ested in the following record made at Spring-
field, Mass., showing when the first birds
come back from the South :

“The bluebird is the latest In five years.
The record in recent years has been :

Song sparrow. Bluebird.

1901 . March 8. March 4.

11>02 . March 8. February 27.

1903 . March 3. February 23.

1904 . March 12. March 11.

1905 . March 9. March 12.”

If this means anything we are to have a
season about as late as last year, which seems
to me reasonable. I don't believe the first
bluebird knows what he is up against when
he strikes our country. The weather in Flor¬
ida is now pronounced “delightful,” but with
more rain than they need. By the time this
is read I expect to be on my way to the
South in order to see how the potatoes and
the humans look.

Fruit Matters. — As the trees begin to
shake themselves after their Winter's sleep a
few lessons seem to stand out clearly. It has
been a hard Winter. The ground has been
frozen and dry for a long time, and trees
have suffered from lack of moisture. We do
not always consider that a tree must have
some moisture all through the Winter. There
is more or less water evaporated from the
trunk and limbs that must lie supplied. Thus
a Winter like the past one is very hard on
young trees. I am glad that I did not plant
last Fall. The most thrifty trees I have
this Spring are some that were heavily
mulched last Summer, and have kept the
mulch around them through the Winter. Un¬
der this mulch the ground did not freeze until
late in January, and then not as deep as it
did where the soil was bare. Thus these
trees did not suffer from moisture, and the
roots have kept at work through most of the
Winter. I was afraid that these mulched
trees would be badly injured by mice, but I
can find only two or three that are hurt.
Hereafter I shall try to protect the' trees
from mice and rabbits, and leave a thick
mulch around them through the Winter. A
friend in Vermont assures me that cow ma¬
nure well smeared on the trees in the Fall
will keep the mice away. Somehow the mice
seem to have left us, and I have no desire to
call them back. . . . What with injuries

during Winter and the San Josf* scale the
outlook for the future fruit grower seems
framed in sweat and worry. I am sure that
we shall be obliged to upset many of our old
plans and change about. The old high-headed
apple orchards seemed doomed. It is a great
job to get the spray all over them — the tops
are too high, and in many cases one branch
defends another. We have got to get our
trees low down where we can get at them for
spraying, pruning and picking. I also doubt
if we can expect to fruit our trees as many
years as we have in the past. I shall keep
planting each year, so as to have vigorous
young trees coming on all the time, Tf a
tree becomes badly crusted with the scale I
expect to cut it down and burn it, starting a
new tree in its place. While I am not sure
of it, I think a tree in sod, well cared for —
that is, well fed and mulched — is less likely
to be troubled by insects than one thoroughly
cultivated. I know that entomologists do not
agree upon this point, but I would like to
have it discussed.

Crimson Clover. — A friend in Illinois asks
this question, which comes up every Spring:

“I want to sow clover seed with my oats
as a catch crop, so as to improve the’ground.
I shall plow it up next year again. Clover
seed is .$10 a bushel. Would Crimson clover
be just as good at .$4 a bushel, or would
Crimson clover be good seed at that price?
Does Crimson clover winter-kill? Would it
be more liable to smother out in the oats
than Mammoth clover?” g. k.

I should pay the price for Bed clover seed.
Do not sow Crimson clover with the oats.
That is just like running out to welcome a
failure. It is probably inferior seed at that
price anyway. Crimson clover is a cold
weather plant. Warm weather causes it to
head out and that ends it. It makes a good
growth through the cool weather of Fall, and
If it lives through the Winter it starts rapidly
in the Spring, but ends its growth during
May. If you were to sow it with oats, it
would grow a few inches high and when hot

weather came bloom and form a seed head
and then die. Never sow Crimson clover ex¬
cept in late Summer. 1 have had people
growl at me and express a desire to use their
teeth because they sowed Crimson clover and
cow peas with oats — and failed ! They might
just as well have sowed corn in the Fall at
the time of wheat seeding !

Fertilizer Problems. — A friend in Mis¬
souri asks this question :

“I have several times seen coal ashes rec¬
ommended as a mulch for gooseberries. IIow
is it possible to manure them if surrounded
by coal ashes and cinders? Coal ashes are
said to have no fertilizing value.”

The coal ashes will let some water pass
through them. You could put the manure
on top of the ashes and obtain some benefit
from it. In a garden we would hoe the ashes
to one side, fork in the manure and spread
the ashes again on top. It Is not meant that
the coal ashes should cover the entire ground
around the bushes. We would rather put a
little pile close around the bush. The ma¬
nure may then be spaded or plowed in outside
of this pile. The feeding roots of the bush
are out nearer the middle of the rows.

Another reader who has a garden wants to
know if he cannot dissolve Babbitt's potash
in water and pour the liquid along the rows.
He can, but it would not pay. This "potash”
is not potash at all, but a soda lye. Soda
will not take the place of potash any more
than salt will take the place of sugar. Even
if it would this method of applying it would
be likely to kill most of the plants. If you
had lye that you knew was made of potash
and wanted to use it the best way would be
to dissolve it in water and then sprinkle this
liquid over coal ashes. The ashes will absorb
the liquid potash and when they are dried
and spread they act like a potash fertilizer.

Stagnant Brains. — I have the following
note from an indignant reader in New York:

"\\ hat do you think of the conclusion ar¬
rived at In the enclosed clipping from the
Christian Herald? As an agriculturist I re¬
sent any statement of this sort. It is not
the case out here in old Chautauqua ; Oranges,
farmers’ clubs, literary societies, W. C. T.
U. and many church societies, Institutes, home
readings, etc., do not indicate mental inac¬
tivity to my mind, it seems very plain that
the man who thinks that present-day farming
can be carried on without thought has a very
low conception of the matter. Why, the man
who for a compensation agrees to help on the
farm, if he won't think, is dismissed as soon
as possible for one who will.” 11. d. w.

The clipping refers to a so-called inquest
held by an English coroner some years ago.
A man had died from softening of the brain.
This is what the Christian Herald says:

“The actual cause of death had been an ac¬
cident in driving; but the injuries he had re¬
ceived were not of a character to produce
death. They had been followed, however, by
softening of the brain. The medical expert
said that this malady was peculiarly common
among agricultural laborers. He said that
this class of men did little thinking, and as
a result, the brain cells* were not nourished,
and they gradually refrain from carrying the
blood to the brain. The result is paralysis
of those parts and the victim goes off in an
apoplectic fit or in paresis, while the judge
or the clergyman, with far less vigor, goes
on living. It is significant that it is not by
use, but by disuse that the brain is weakened
and destroyed. All God's gifts are intended
to be employed, and when they are not em¬
ployed they are withdrawn. ‘By much sloth¬
fulness the building decayeth and through
idleness the house droppeth through.' (Eccles.
10; 18).”

What do I think of that? I think the man
who wrote it has a softer brain than the man
who is said to have died ! He ought to fol¬
low his own pious text. I know the way
such items are written. A man catches at
some floating item in a daily paper. Without
stopping to verify it he pads it out, talks
wise ignorance, adds a little preaching and
then pats himself on the back as having done
a great thing. To my shame be it said I did
some of this very thing years* ago, though I
will say that some of it was done in a joke,
and I never did attempt to cast discredit
upon any worthy class of people. We saw
the item from which this started months ago.
It had come through a dozen hands, each
probably adding to it. It referred to the
lower class farm laborers in England, a class
distinct from anything we have in this coun¬
try. No sane man had any business to make
the application lit the men who do farm work
here. A large proportion of the very judges
and clergymen this silly person refers to
were once agricultural laborers themselves.
Most writers in such papers are at least
skillful enough to hide the sneer at farmers
and farming, but this man doesn't know how.
This must be one of the gifts that has al¬
ready. been “withdrawn" from him. Yes, by

all means, this person should follow his own
text. I would like to pull him awav from
his soft chair, his paste and his shears, and
make him work as an “agricultural laborer”
about six months. I'll guarantee that he
would then be in less danger from paresis
than he is now. _ 11.. w. c.

’Twas ever thus! From childhood's hour

I’ve seen my fondest hopes decay :

We saved three bits last week on hour.

But the meat trust got it all away."

— Chicago Itecord-iierald.

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The character and business
standing of the men who manage
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Dollar deposits welcome.

Zbe

Clevelanb
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CLEVELAND OHIO

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Cultivator Sow “coin

Planter and Fertilizer
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_ . Awarded

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at World# Fair, St.
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The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs., York, Pa.

Plow the Hard Spots with

Chase’s Patent
Plow Attachment

You can quickly and easily adjust your plow for any
condition of soil without stopping the team. Manu¬
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Liberal Commission to Agents. Send for Circulars.

ACME

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Agents

Wanted#

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Made entirely of cast
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Catalog and booklet.
“Anldeal Harrow” by
HenryStewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 1 0 W. Washington Si., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Ave. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St.,
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FOUNDER

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VICE PRESIDENT

The assured under the above
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If you would like full informa
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Address

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Please send me information regarding a Continuous Instalment Endowment
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Name . . .

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282

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April I*

'.A/WvvV''v W'''' w V/- V v V V V V V W ^ v V -W V v v v w W W W >AV W v V

Live StockandDairy

COW WITH COUCH.

I have a two-.vear-old heifer having a pecu¬
liar blow in breathing and at times she
wheezes, aUo coughs slightly. She looks
bright; appetite good. I think damp weather
has some effect on her ; she will freshen this
Spring. What is the trouble and the remedy'

Penny I vania. F. D. M.

It is very difficult to determine without
examination and 1 would suggest calling
a veterinarian. She may have tubercles
forming or it may be an irritation in the
windpipe. I should isolate the animal
from others at once. Her stable may be
cool and damp. If so, the trouble could
be of a catarrhal nature. A warm, dry
stable would be the remedy. I am sure
many cattle ills are caused by foul, damp
stables subject to every change in the
weather. In my own experience we are
having less trouble since building an ideal
sanitary stable where there is absolutely
no odor, air always pure and perfectly
dry. Examine the windpipe ; there may
be a weakness that an ammonia liniment
would relieve. Look in the mouth.
Place the ear close to the side, and if
there is a rattling in the lungs, T should
fear that there was some constitutional
trouble. If there was any such suspicion
I would have her tuberculin tested. I be*
lieve every farmer should Ivav^ his' cows
tested and as quickly and a£ rapidly as
possible dispose of the suspicious ani¬
mals. Some would be fit for beef ; others
should be buried. Such independent ac¬
tion on the part of owners would settle
the whole question of tuberculosis, which
now vexes legislation and stock owners
generally. _ _ .. H. E. c.

HORSE MARKET IN MIDDLE WEST.

The low, prices that ruled for horses
eight or ten years ago, caused a check
in horse breeding in this county until
about four years ago. » There are now
more young stock, from one to three years
old, than ever before. In the draft line
there are more German Coach than any
others, although there are many Clydes
and Shires. The trotting-bred stock or
roadsters are mostly Wilkes and Mar¬
graves. Horse buyers have about deplet¬
ed the country of fine ,fully-dev4loped
horses by offering the most tempting
prices. The recent horse sales at Indian¬
apolis — two of them — while not largely
attended, as on some previous occasions,
were well patronized and the jbidding
quite spirited, and the stock all ’sold at
satisfactory prices. The annual tracking
sales, at Cambridge City, this State," broke
the record in attendance, and the offer¬
ings were fully up to the past, and all
sold. Tt used to be that in matched
teams style, size, shape, coloring, carriage
and action were all that was necessary,
but now matched teams must fill all of
the above requirements, and in addition
must both be either mares or geldings.
There is seemingly no limit to the prices
one can reasonably ask for fine horses. It
makes us smile when we remember the
predictions made some years ago that bi¬
cycles, trolley cars and later automobiles
had sealed the fate of horses. It is
scarcely probable that anyone now living
will see the time when welbbred horses
will not command a good price, no mat¬
ter what the class may be. b.

Clay Co., Tnd.

MORE PARTICULARS ABOUT DAIRY
BUTTER.

I find that I must write a few more
directions in regard to butter making.
When the butter comes gather it together,
draw off the buttermilk, add some water,
give it one washing in the churn. A
deep bowl is best to wash it in, which I
do with a common short-handled butter
worker until the water is clear. One
heaped tablespoonful of salt is used to
each pound. Cover well, and work in an

hour or so, working again, when it is
then ready to roll. I do this by hand in
a shallow bowl, weighing each pound
and using cloth to wrap it in. This saves
handling. The cloths are put back in the
jars, and carefully washed and boiled.
When rough dry I keep them in a box ;
do not iron them. 1 feel that they are
just as wholesome as the parchment
paper. I am told that butter made in

molds is very apt to fall short two or

three ounces per pound. I would not
care to sell butter that way, even if it
was less work. One can soon get the

knack of rolling up a pound of butter in

nice shape.

The pans are better to be the heavy
pieced tin.. I am still using some that
have done service 16 years. They should
never be scoured ; remove what adheres
to them in heating with a hard wood
wedge or nickel spoon. The longer time
it takes to heat the milk the better the
cream. It takes time to do anything well.
I get my milk back in the pantry as soon
as the danger of freezing nights is past,
but continue heating it at night usually
till May. If water is very cold, add some
warm in washing, as the butter will be
crumbly, making it almost impossible to
get in good shape. mrs. f.

Connecticut.

When you write advertisers mention The
U. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

DR. DAVID ROBERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to readers
of this paper.

Is your herd on a paying basis 1 If not,
read my booklet and learn why not.

Hundreds of dollars can be saved and made
every year by keeping cattle in a strong,
healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers your whole
herd.

I have made a specialty of all diseases of
cattle and have written booklets that will en¬
able you to prevent and cure any of the fol¬
lowing ailments.

No. 1. Booklet — Abortion in Cows.

No. 2. Booklet— Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet— Retained Afterbirth.

No. 4. Booklet— Scours in Calves.

Also J How to make your OWN

No. 5. Booklet— / STOCK FOOD at home.

These books are free. Write for them.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

415 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wls. 1

SQUABS PAY, SSL

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prloes. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

Choice Stock for Sale. —Hocks. Wyandottes, Legh r-us,
M lnorcas. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c. ; dozen. 5oc.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

90

Var’S Poultry, Pigeons, Carrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BEUGKY.Box8.Telford.Pa,

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15. $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Clr. free. JOHN A. ROTH.Quakertown, Pa.

L

IG-HT BRAHMA COCKERELS, PRIZE STOCK.
C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y.

MAGNOLIA FARM B. P. ROCKS

Best of layers, Eggs, 15, 75c.; 30, $1.25, Exhib. Health
and Fertility guaranteed. Beautiful Double Dahlias,
all colors. Two roots. 25c.: 10, $1. Post-paid.

Mrs. J. F. PERRY, R. 1. Lev es, Tel.

EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Cat logue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41, Weedsport. N. Y.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

Leghorn, S, C, White and Buff aifd White

Rflf'lfC Great Layers and Prize Winners. Eggs, $2
flUulVu per 15; $8 per 100. A fair hatch guaranteed.
JOS. ANTHONY, R. 4, East Berlin, Pa.

Slinking of calves prevented
Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHER0N and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on band from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We nowhave 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, hut our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is iu need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

WHITE SPRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTAN 3
No. 0346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 0310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, SOU. 9 lbs. of butter
In one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 4 76.2 lbs. of but¬
ter I n one year. Aza lia of Klorham. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter In one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair lor 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For fu-ther Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G, LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorkkr In writing.

Noth. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
fromlSlOO to SS300, also several mature bulls.

IF YOU WANT LOTS OF PIGS

Jersey Red Sow

The free Catalogue explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. 4 ItepresSntatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican Strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MKADOWBKOOK FAHMS, Bernardsville. N. J.

BERKSHIRES

Of the HIGHEST BREEDING at reasonable
prices. WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Reg. IP. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows.*. Write for
prices and description Return if not
satisfactorv; w' refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Krcildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

Springbank

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug. Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

THERE IS MONEY IN

Our Improved Large English Berkshires

and it’s easy got out. They're the long, broad, low-
down kind that get big quick. Send for circular de-
scribing our stock and farm. Get your order in early ;
we have run short of stock every spring for the last
five year*.

PKNNA, BERKSHIRE CO., Jhannettshurg. Pa.

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox,R.3; Bradford, Dk. Co,G

FIFTY BLACK MAM¬
MOTH JACKS

Soiie nice jennets and sad¬
dle ^tallions all registered or
subject to registry. Our prices
are as low as any firm will make
them giving a responsible guar¬
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J. F. COOK CO.,

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot ot Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE K. WRIGHT,
Junction City Kentucky.

JACKS FOR SALE.

The finest lot of .JACKS and .JENNETS I ever
owned. Some special 'bargains. Address,

BAKER'S JACK FARM,

Box 1, Lawrence, Ind.

EGGS

Buff, Wyandotte Eggs for
sale. $1 for a setting of 15,
or $4 a 160. Chas. I. Miller,
R.F.D. No. 1, Hudson, N.Y.

EGGS FOR MATCHING

Booking ordeis now for S C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns, Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Burred Plymouth Rocks. $'..50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock.

LOCCST FARMS. Katontown, N. J.

RRCn FOR -Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to

Dncu run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist

with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, Ill

Brahmas,
and Reds,
oopersburg, Pa.

C R ft C $1 for 15, $2 for 40, thoroughbred 1
LuuO Rocks, W. and BufFWyan., Leghornsj
14 varieties. Catalog. S. K. Mohr, Coopers

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

H OLSTEIN-FRI ESI ANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. B5 to select from. A'-lmals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic. N. J.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAS BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

1’. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our <flrop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything heeded In Holsteln-Frleslans.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Mister Co.. H.Y.

Cnq CAI C Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
rUn OHLL Calves and registered and record
stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY. Manlius, N. Y.

Uni OTPIN D Ml I 0 from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOIEII" DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved .Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y-

IIOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. Scotch Collies, Spayed
Females. SILAS DECKER, South Montrose, Pa

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MARCOU,

Fbr Sale

CHOICE REGISTERED JERSEY BULL CALF,
Beautiful Heifer Calf, Two Berkshire Sows and one
Boar Pig. W. P. McSPARRAN, Furniss, Pa.

n

QUALITY.”

Registered .Jersey Calves and Yearling Heifers,
bred right, raised right, and ft r sale right. Ask for
pedigrees, and for prices delivered at your station.
Satisfaction guaranteed. K.W Mosher. An rora.N.Y.

YoJi CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered .JERSEY BULL,
best da’ry stock: ready for service: a' farmer's price.
B. F. SHANNON, 905 J ibeity St., Pittsburg. Pa.

LLegistorocl J orsoys

9 Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mo«. old. St.
Lambert Strain. " Sire a Bure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

THREE FIESH REGISTERED JERSEY COWS
for sale, good milkers; also young stock.

A. S. BEEKMAN, South Branch, New Jersey.

Sons of Queen’s Czar

No. 55573, A. J. C. C.

(Winner of 21 first prizes, including sweepstakes at
New York State Fair.) I have for sale two fancy
solid colored Bull Calves, over three months old, sure
winners in calf class next fall. Also two of recent
birth. All from first-class registered cows. They
will go cheap to a quick buyer.

Laurel Farm. J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.

COWS FOR i- ALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
h6.\d in lots of ten, f. o.b.

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

AYRSHIRES

ookingham.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Ciucinnatus, N. Y.

mm n PERCHERON AND FRENCH

llUrl I ,I,A lYi Coach Stallions Scotch Collie
U Pups. K.S. AKIN. Auburn. N.Y.

O. I. C. PIGS.

September farrow-, registered stock, prolific strains,
large litters, pairs and trios not akin Piices low.

F J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalia.N, Y.

0. I. C.

Sixty fall and spring O. I. C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber¬
land Farm, Gettysburg, Fa.

If you are going Mil *"!’ IV"T BULL, and write us

0 U5, a JL JlIJ JLJ-XI just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince ybu that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-llastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co„ N, Y.

*

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

283

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.
Value of Corn Bran.

Will you tell me the relative feeding value
of corn bran and wheat bran for milch cows
being fed all the corn (whole) silage they will
cat twice a day, and all the corn fodder and
what straw they want during the day? I
can buy corn bran for $10 per ton.

Still Tond. Md. c. o. w.

Corn bran has 7.4 per cent digestible
protein, 59.8 carbohydrates, 4.6 fat, while
wheat bran lias 12.5 protein, 40.6 carbo¬
hydrates and 3.1 fat. At the price you
name the corn bran is a decided bargain,
and seems too good to be true. It is not
nuite so palatable as wheat, and has more
fiber in it, but a mixture of about four
or five pounds of the bran with two or
three pounds of cotton-seed meal will
give you good results with your rough-
age. Wheat straw is pood fodder, and
takes about as much energy to digest it
as it is worth for milch cows. Better run
it through a cutter and use for bedding,
and as an absorbent to save every particle
of the liquid manure.

Fat-Formers for Connecticut Cows.

What can I raise on a farm in the north
central part of Connecticut for a good ration
for cows to produce butter fat? Having
just come into possession of the farm, I do
not know what would be best. Can I raise
wheat here and what kind? F. O. H.

Hast Ilartland, Conn.

This is a large question. I presume
you refer to grain feed. If you have 10
or more cows I should plan for a silo
and raise sufficient corn if possible, so
that the cows might have at least 30
pounds each per day for the entire year,
save perhaps in May and June, when pas
turage is good. This you will find the
cheapest food you can grow, and it will
help out greatly for a milk ration. By
adding a little gluten feed and cotton-seed
meal to your silagfe, with what hay they
will eat, you will have a good milk ration.
By saving both liquid and solid manure
your farm will be growing better every
year. You are a long way from the rail¬
way, and long hauls are expensive, so
that you must either raise nearly all your
feed or buy that which is rich in protein
so as to haul as little feed as possible.
You can raise either Spring or Winter
wheat in your locality, and can have the
grain ground. You can also raise peas
and oats to feed green or harvest for hay,
or allow to ripen and thrash the grain for
grinding, and can feed the straw. Peas
and oats ground make a nice feed. You
can also raise Soy beans and use the fod¬
der, grinding the beans. If you raise the
beans get a little dirt and chaff with the
beans to sow on the piece to inoculate it
with the proper germs, as the beans will
do much better. I think if I were in your
position I should strike in heavy for
silage and depend on gluten and cotton
seed to balance up. Quite a problem
ahead of you, but stick it out and you will
succeed.

Ration for Milk.

I have silage, early-cut mixed hay: oats,
peas, some barley, grown together. Is this
grain ground sufficient to make cows give
large messes of milk? If not, what should
he added to increase the flow? How should
silage he fed, once or twice a day? What
will the above analyze? j. f. g.

Schuyler Lake, N. Y.

Of the feeds you have on hand barley
is the poorest and the peas the best. A
mixture of peas and oats, half and half,
would analyze 12.6 per cent protein, 50
per cent carbohydrates and 2.5 fat. If
you feed 40 pounds daily of silage and
eight to 10 pounds hay this would anal¬
yze as follows:

('a rho-

Protein. hydrates. Fat.

4<t lbs. silage . 52 5.64 .24

10 lbs. good hay . 59 4.09 .12

Total . 1.11 9.73 .36

To balance this up you need about 1.4
pounds protein and three pounds carbo¬
hydrates. To get this protein would take
at least 10 pounds of your mixture, which
would give more carbohydrates than you
need, and is more grain than I believe in
feeding. If you will take five pounds of
your mixture and add two pounds of cot¬
ton-seed meal your ration then will anal¬
yze :

Par bo-

40 lbs. silage . 52

10 lbs. hay . 59

5 lbs. peas and oats .63

2 lbs. cotton seed.. .80

Total . 2.54

in. hydrates.

Fat.

5.64

.24

4.09

12

2.50

.13

.41

.19

12.64

.78

a fine ration,

and

be palatable and healthy for the cow, and
the cost, outside of what you raise, not
very heavy. I would advise feeding the
silage in two parts, 20 pounds each at
night and morning, and half of the seven
1 omuls grain mixed with it. I should
feed the hay about three hours after feed*
ing the silage in the morning. Will you
try this and report later? I do not be¬
lieve in feeding all cows alike. This is an
average. Some need more and others re¬
quire less. This you must find out by
observation for yourself.

Grain for Winter Milkers.

.How can I improve my grain ration for
Winter milkers? | am feeding 3% pounds
bran. 2 Vi pounds cotton-seed meal and 2'/i
pounds gluten each per day, with 40 pounds
silage (no ears on it) and all the hay they
will eat. Hay is Timothy mixed with other
meadow grasses. Milk is sold at shipping
station. Bran is $21 ; cotton-seed meal $27 ;
gluten $24. f. e. r.

New Milford, Pa.

We are unable

to tell

you how

to im-

prove the ration.

It analyzes now

about

as follows :

Carbo-

Protein, hydrates.

Fat.

40 lbs. silage .

5.64

.24

8 lbs. hay .

. . .47

3.67

.09

3(4 lbs. bran....

1.43

.10

2 *4 lbs. cotton-seed

meal .

.46

.21

2 VI lbs. gluten feed .53

1.16

.06

Total . .

. .2.87

12.36

.70

On its face this contains a little more
protein than is called for by the stand¬
ard, but the silage having no ears will
fall a little short of the above analysis.
This ration ought to make milk, and if it
does not I should inquire of the cows for
the reason.

“Gluten” That is Not Gluten.

I enclose a sample of gluten meal. I shall
he glad if you can tell me whether it is a fair
sample. It seems to me to he very coarse,
and is also about a peck (o the bag more
bulky than some I got at the beginning of
the Winter, that was much finer also. The
company I get it from is selling much more
this Winter round here, and I was wondering
if they do It by putting everything in as
gluten meal. My cows are not doing quite as
well as on the first I bought. .r. r. j.

Freeman, Ont.

The sample sent is in no sense gluten
meal, nor even gluten feed. Tt is appar¬
ently a mixture of corn bran (that is, the
husk or outer covering of the corn ker¬
nel) and a little gluten feed. Tt looks de¬
cidedly inferior to both gluten meal and
gluten feed. Gluten meal contains 28 to
32 per cent digestible protein, gluten feed
23 to 25 per cent, and corn bran only
seven to eight per cent, so there is quite
a reason for cows not giving as much on
this feed as on good gluten meal or gluten
feed. Gluten meal is made from the
flinty portion of the corn kernel, and con¬
tains no husk; is very heavy, weighing
1.7 pounds per quart, and contains 32 to
35 per cent crude protein. Gluten feed is
a mixture of hull and glutinous part of
corn;, weighs 1.4 pounds per quart, and
contains 23 to 28 per cent crude protein.
This is a little safer feed than gluten
meal in ordinary hands, but there is fully
$5 per ton difference in value between
gluten feed and gluten meal. When glu¬
ten feed was $25 per ton we should not
want to give over $18 to $20 for the kind
like sample. Better to let it alone and
use another make. We are sick of these
fake feeds, and the market is full of them.
Ask for guaranteed analysis when you
buy and occasionally send a sample to
your experiment station for analysis.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

Retained Afterbirth. — If “Reader" will
commence feeding his cow a handful of dry
oats night and morning two weeks before she
is to drop her calf, and increase it every
day up to Iwo quarts night and morning at
the time she drops her calf, he will have no
further trouble. I nad one that bothered
me for four or five years, but never after the
above treatment. She lived four or five years
after. c. e. b.

•A SEASONABLE TALK

TO C0W_0WNERS.

Spring is rapidly approaching and the milk production
of most herds will be doubled within the next two months.
A re you making preparations for the handling of this extra
milk to your greatest profit ?

600,000 users of De Laval Cream Separators will
say you are not unless you are making arrangements for the
purchase of a De Laval machine. Hundreds of dairy farmers
are now dai y contracting for De Laval Cream Separators,
— and by doing so they insure to themselves greater and easier
milk profits than are possible by the use of an inferior separa¬
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As a result of twenty-five years of manufacturing experi¬
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plicity and durability is to-day found in the

1905 DE LAVAL MACHINES.

The De Laval is the only separator endorsed by all govern¬
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the Grand Prize (highest award) at the St. Louis World’s Fair.

Write to-day for catalogue and name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:
74 Cortlandt Streett
NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot- Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

Ij. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

spi

Beater, successful Rake and Hood distinguish
the Standard from other spreaders. No varying
in width; no baro spots. Spreads full width
feet. Rake holds all bunches until cut up.
Hood or windshield over beater prevents manure
1 blowing abtfut. The Hood on the

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also serves as an Endgate, preventing load pack¬
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away from load; exclusively a Standard feat- I
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machine in operation. Automatic return of ap-
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Unloads per acre. Strongest wheels and frame.
Team close to load. Least complicated. Least'
breakage. Write for catalog and learn why the ,
Standard is the best investment.

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Makers of Harrows, Cultivators,

Potato Harvesters, etc.

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

0 ^ *ew choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of Im¬
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Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

| aha All D|||| 12 mos. old, solid color,
UCldC 1 DUN very tine, good size, dam’s
wwi wwj butter re(.ordi 22 lbs. in 7

days, sire’s dam, 24 lbs. in 7 days. 3 Bull < 'al ves fi weeks
old. Dams’ butter record, 10 to 22 lbs. in 7 days.
Sire same as above. Price low for quality.

Ira P. Watson, Fredonia, N. Y.

Buyers Demand Cooled Milk

Creameries, condenseries, and wholesale milk buyers in general require producers
to cool and aerate the milk. Champion Milk Cooler removes animal heat and stable
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of dairy apparatus. CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO., 9 Squires St., Cortland, N . Y

Buy a Champion Milk Cooler and Aerator

I*

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MANURE SPREADERS.

5 sizes, 9 styles. 50 to 150 bu. capacity.

Spread lust as thicker thin as ground requires. Instant
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and use of Manure explained in catalogue. Ask for it

1589 HASTINGS ST.

Buy the Success ^Manure Spreader

anil avoid all mistakes. The
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Kemp A Burpee Manufaeturing Co., Box 38, Syraouse, H.Y.''

284

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 1,

A PIG TALE FROM MICHIGAN ,

Having been much interested in the pig
tales in The R. N.-Y. recently, I thought
perhaps a Michigan pig tale might in¬
terest some one. In the Spring of 1889
I made up my mind to raise some pigs,
hut being green at the business I suf¬
fered in consequence. After looking
around for a suitable sow 1 finally pur¬
chased one that had been discarded for
breeding and was in the fattening pen.
The man said she was no good for breed¬
ing, never giving over four at a litter.
She was a fine looking animal, weighing
about 350 pounds, half Chester White
and half Victoria. I gave what she was
estimated to be worth for pork, and I
brought her home thinking that the other
fellow didn’t know anything about hogs.
She was bred to a purebred Berkshire
and had two pigs. So ended chapter one
of the hog tale. Next she was bred to
a half blood Cheshire and had 17 nice
mgs, but six of them soon died. The re¬
mainder I kept and picked out a nice gilt
to breed from, having decided not to keep
the old one any longer. From this gilt I
raised 97 pigs in eight litters, always
using a Berkshire male. Her pigs were
.admired by every one that saw them, it
being next to impossible to keep enough
for my own use; they seemed to fill the
bill for a good all around hog. From this
short hog experience I learned that a
breeding sow should never be fat; that
she should be bred continuously; that a
cross of the Chester White and Berkshire
made the best market pigs for me, but
always a Chester sow and Berkshire boar,
and never the other way; that grass is in¬
dispensable to a breeding hog; that there
is money in hogs if we only have enough
of the fellow feeling, which makes us

wondrous kind with the swill pail.

Caro, Mich. _ j. F B

LEADING QUESTIONS TO A HEN
MAN.

The following questions are asked by
G. P., Townsend Harbor, Mass., who
first wishes to know how I raise my
chicks. I use both incubators and hens
to hatch chicks, and hens and brooders
to raise them.

How many are put with a hen ?

Depends on time of year and size of
hen ; as many as I think she can keep
warm, from 13 to 20.

How do you feed them?

Dry bread in stove oven, crush it with
rolling pin, and mix with equal quan¬
tity of hard-boiled egg, chopped very
fine; feed it on clean sand, so grit
adheres to it, and gets in their giz¬
zards with first feeds. After two or three
days I mix “Wyandotte Chick Feed” with
the above (any of the chick feeds will
answer) ; give common oatmeal with the
chick feed, bake a “Johnny cake” — give
small cracked corn, cut a cabbage head
in quarters and let them pick at it; after
they are 10 days old let them have beef
scraps to pick at; mix fine charcoal in
their mash ; give all the variety you can.
After two weeks feed them nearly the
same as the old hens.

How do you keep off hawks and foxes?
Use wire netting over their runs. The
little Pigeon hawk is the only kind that
bothers much about here, and that is
not troublesome after the first of June.

When do you house your pullets in the
Autumn ?

They have free range in the Fall, roam
over the lots everywhere, and I leave
them out as long as possible. I intend
to get them in Winter quarters just be¬
fore first snow ; usually the first week in
November sees them housed.

How do you feed them when housed?
The same as the hens : dry feed in the
morning, mash at noon, dry feed at night.

When do you expect your April-hatched
pullets to commence laying?

Some will lay in October; pullets of
the same hatch will vary a month in time
of laying.

What is your method of breeding? Do
you introduce new blood each season, or
do you follow “line breeding?’.’

Both. I save a few of nly best cocks,

also buy 100 to 200 eggs from some good
breeder, and save some of the best cock¬
erels for breeders. I raised 104 chicks
last year of Duston’s stock for males to
put with my hens.

Does your average of 27 cents per dozen
for 1904 represent average market price or
average market price raised by numerous
sales of eggs for setting?

It represents practically the market
price, as I did not advertise or try to sell
eggs for setting, but did sell some for that
purpose.

What kind of house do you prefer?

I think more eggs will be received from
hens in small flocks, and I prefer small
houses, say 10x10 feet set 10 feet apart and
connected together by scratching sheds.
Sheds are entirely open on front (south)
side, except for wire netting. Main doors
of coops open into sheds, and are left wide
open all day Winter and Summer, except
in zero weather and during driving
storms. Cloth drop curtains keep out
some of the snow from sheds, also driv¬
ing rains.

How often do you clean off droppings
boards?

Once I week when I can ; it used to be
the regular Saturday job of my hired boy,
because he did not have to go to school
that day. In Winter I have to wait for
a thaw sometimes, but if they get loaded
up too much, I go at it and manage to get
most of it off, as the dry earth sifted on
the boards prevents most of it from stick¬
ing.

The next question is rather long to
quote entire; it is about the “very remark¬
able” health of my fowls, as stated in a
recent number of The R. N.-Y. He wants
to know “the secret of it.” Well, so far
as I know there isn’t any “secret” about
it. Seeing things is one of the reasons.
It is remarkable how blind we all are ; of
the pictures made on the eye probably the
brain does not take note of one quarter.
But of things concerning one’s business it
is well to cultivate the habit of seeing.
For instance, I sec one hen does not jump
down with the rest for her feed, but stays
on the roost, and I -see that the feathers on
her head do not lie down smoothly; evi¬
dently she isn’t “feeling good.” I catch
her, smell of her beak, no roup odor
there; drop her head down and look at
the vent ; there is the trouble, canker all
around the edge of the vent, “vent gleet”
they call it. I just had a case of this very
kind. I put her in a little coop in cook¬
ing shed ; put powdered sulphur on the
canker, gave her all the charcoal she
would eat, mixed sulphur in her mash and
she is getting well. She laid one egg next
day after I shut her up. If you see a hen
with the feathers soiled behind, examine
her, it may or many not be something seri¬
ous. Look for lice in the hollow just
above the vent and for nits at the root
of the feathers below the vent, it may be
that she is very lousy. This is frequently
the case with old roosters in Winter and
early Spring. Information is without
doubt very valuable, but I am of the opin¬
ion that success with poultry, as in any
other business, depends mainly on “the
man behind the gun.” geo. a. cosgrove.

A Prolific Cow. — 1 have frequently seen
In The It. N.-Y. the milk and butter record
given of cows. I have one with a calf record
that I think can’t: he beaten. January 23 she
gave birth to two, and less than a year ago
(I do not know the exact date) she gave
birth to three, making five calves in the year.
I feel curious to know if this ever happened
before. These were all good sized and living
calves. w. n. i\

Rahway, N. J.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

The Only
Modern
Separator

Bowl

Why buy a separator
filled with bottomless cake
pans, punched and bent
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Tlie only modern
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West Chester, Pa.

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The surest guarantee of good e
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keeping milk. Aerates while jjj

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L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

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lEarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
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Best on the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
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...MILLER...
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> NEWARK MACHINECO., Newark, O.

CRE Iff CORN i

"Corn Is King.'* Its wonderful possibilities practical- m
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work; I

“MODERN SILAGE METHODS.”

An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con¬
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being a Feeders’ and Dairymens' Guide.

I— Advantages of fhe Silo. lY-How to Make Silage.

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212pages of plain, practical Information for
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I where. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10
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THE SILVER MFC. CO.,

k Salem, Ohio.

z>ojCsS iTa
We pay
FREIGHT

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III/!! fre<j Illustrated Journal

Kalamazoo iJtc hi Ban

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Special rates to clubs and granges.

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stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
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O. II. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. II.

The Superior
Cream Separator

Gets AIL the Cream in 00 to 90 min.
utes. Simple, scientific, practical. Never
fails. 60,000 Farmers use it. Does not mix
water with milk. Least trouble and ex¬
pense. Our I tin dirm Guarantee assures
your satisfaction or money back. Write
today for particulars.

Superior Fence Machine Co.

309 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich.

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Has three times the separat¬
ing power of other makes.
Does not mix water and milk.

Beats Them All

because it gets more cream.
More butter. Greater profits.
Easier to clean and operate. No
waste. Durable. Anti-runt
throughout. Jiesults ouaran-
fm/. Catalog free. W rite to¬
day. We want good agents.

KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR CO.

30 Ka Dcxx Bldg. ROCHESTER, N . T.

PROOFING^

will last longer and give
better satisfaction than any
other roofing, because it’s better
made. You can easily lay it in any
kind of weather or climate.
Contains No Tar.

Slate Color.

It will save you money.

r'

East Walpolt, Mass. F. W. BIRD & SON

Established 1817.

Monadnock Bldg., Chicago.

FttP.fS]

SAMPLE 1

and our book on “Building
Economy,” describing our roof¬
ings adapted to all sorts of
buildings. Each roll a complete
roofing kit.

Don’t Take An Imitation

but insist on the genuine
Paroid.

1005.

285

A TALK ABOUT BROODERS.

Is a sectional pipe brooder indoors a prac¬
tical brooder to start and raise chicks in?
I have a good spot for any indoor brooder,
and have a chance to get one of this- style
cheap. m. j. t.

Bethel, Conn.

The sectional brooder named is as good
as any sectional brooder, and I might say
as any indoor brooder. Some people still
use them, and if you have them in a
warm room they are fairly successful.
We had at one time half a dozen of the
twelve-foot sectional brooders, and ran
one of them in the house, where it was
warm, and had first-rate results, but
when we tried to run our colony houses
with them we found something was
wrong. The floor was cold, and the mor¬
tality was greater than it should be. We
had lots of trouble with leg weakness,
and we finally threw out all of them.
Then we tried various brooders, all home¬
made, until four years ago we hit upon
what we are now using, and what Prof.
Rice is teaching the poultry students at
Cornell University to build for brooders
when they start for themselves. We use
a heater drum that was invented by
Clymer S. Menges and used by him in
his outdoor brooders. This drum, with
a good hover, is all there is in the house,
and is taken out when the chicks are large
enough to dispense with the heat. These
houses or brooders are large enough to
work inside, in caring for the chicks, and
are just raised enough from the ground
to permit a galvanized iron lamp box un¬
derneath for the lamp. After one year’s
work with lamps heating these houses we
changed to gasoline, and have, we think,
a very nearly perfect system of heating
and brooding little chicks. We have hesi¬
tated writing it up before on account of
the (generally considered) dangerous na¬
ture of gasoline, but we have used it for
three years, and after the first year, when
we did not know as much about it as we
should, we have had not the slightest
trouble in any way from our heater ar¬
rangements, and . we always had trouble
the old way heating with oil lamps.

The houses should be 8 x 8 feet, six
feet high in front and three feet in rear;
one large window in front, one-third of
which is muslin and the lower two-thirds
glass. We use a board to keep the
chicks from straying from the hover for a
few days, but as soon as they know
where to go to get warm we remove this,
and give them the freedom of the whole
house to scratch in the chaff on the
floor. We keep 150 chicks in a flock in
one of these houses, with good results.
The burner is a stove burner with an
igniter or little supplementary burner,
which keeps the burner hot. We use the
igniter and never use the full burner, and
two gallons of gasoline runs us in ordi¬
nary weather a week. floyd q. white.

WHEN TO SOW RAPE.

Is It advisable, in this section, to sow rape
with oats to be used as pasture after har¬
vesting the oats, or would it be preferable
to sow rape after the oats are up? Would
it then need harrowing over with a light
tooth-harrow ? Would harrowing l>e neces¬
sary if rape is sowed before a rain? Is it
too late to sow rape after harvesting oats
to secure late Fall pasture?

There can often be much feed for sheep
and swine obtained from rape in oat stub¬
ble. It is better to sow the rape at the
same time the oats are put in. It will
get a firmer hold in the soil, and the
chances are more favorable for a satis¬
factory crop. It would be very doubtful
if it would get sufficiently covered, sowed
after the oats were up, even if sowed just
before a rain. To harrow lightly would
certainly be better, but unless the ground
and oats were in just the right condition
— soil mellow and free from lumps, and
oats well rooted — much damage would
result to the latter. The crop is never
certain in any case, and it does not pay
to put any extra expense on it. The
seed costs but 10 or 12 cents per pound,
and if sown with the oats the outlay is so
small that even if the rape is -a failure
the loss will be slight. If it makes a good
growth it will be a very cheap source of
food, and is well worth the small out¬
lay. The only objection is that some¬
times the rape grows up in the oats and
makes them harder to cure; otherwise
that which is in the straw adds to its
feeding manorial value. Unless the
oats were harvested the first week in
August, and the rape sowed immediately,

I should not expect much of a crop for
Fall feed in nine years out of 10.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

My judgment is that the rape sown
with the oats, unless the latter should be

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

very thin indeed, would become very
spindling, pale yellow, greatly enfeebled,
and probably never would make very sat¬
isfactory pasturage. Rape is capable of
starting quickly and making a very heavy
rapid growth, and I think it would be
better to sow it alone. I certainly should
not sow the rape after the oats are up,
for the seed lying on top must much of
it fail to germinate unless weather con¬
ditions should be unusually favorable.
Doubtless far better germination might
be secured, and with little probable dam¬
age to the oats, if the field should be
gone over with the harrow after sowing
the rape seed. In this climate, certainly,
rape sown after harvesting oats, while
it would produce considerable Fall pas¬
ture, would by no means produce as
much pasturage as if sown earlier.

WM. P. BROOKS.

I have never tried sowing rape with
oats expecting to harvest the oats for
grain and then use the rape for pasture.
Mv opinion would be, from what I know
of rape, that it should be sown after the
oats were drilled in, and just before they
pricked through the ground, going over
the field with a light slanting tooth-har¬
row, scarifying the surface enough to
lightly cover the seed. We sow rape
here for Fall pasture about June 15. I
should think that after oats harvested in
Eastern New York, it would be rather
late to sow rape for Fall pasture. If you
sow rape with oats you must expect to be
bothered with a rather heavy growth
which may be partly cut off by
the binder, and appearing in the
bottom of the oat sheaves, necessi¬
tates immediate thrashing to prevent
spoiling, and possibly spoiling the oat
straw by the subsequent decay. I do
not like the idea of sowing the rape with
oats for these reasons. Better sow it
alone, cultivating the ground thoroughly
up to June 10, then put in the rape in
rows 18 inches apart, using three pounds
of seed to the acre. Cover the seed
lightly, cultivate three or four times if
possible and expect to turn on the sheep
about September 15. Use one acre of
rape for 16 sheep. c. D. smith.

Michigan Ag’l. College.

T would not advise the sowing of rape
with the oats, any more than I would ad¬
vise the sowing of turnips with oats, as
rape is a member of the turnip family.
Rape can be sown any time after the
ground becomes warm enough in the
Spring, and should be well harrowed or
disked in. After the oats are cut he can
sow any time from July 10 to the first
week in August. The ground should be
well prepared, either by plowing or disk¬
ing, and then harrowed or dragged until
in good condition for best results. It is
taken for granted that he will use Dwarf
Essex, as it is practically, the only kind.
Its greatest value is ' when planted late
for Fall feeding, when green foliage is
scarcest. Young lambs and shotes thrive
on rape, but care must be taken in feed¬
ing it or serious trouble will result. B.

Clay Co., Ind.

DIARRHOEA IN FOWLS.

Are chickens troubled with diarrhoea while
feeding the following mash, two parts bran
and one part meal, referred to in a recent
issue of The R. N.-Y. ? h. c. l.

Richmond, Va.

Our chicks have never been troubled
with diarrhoea from feeding the mash, but
any change in feeding should be gradual,
for diarrhoea is Sometimes caused by too
sudden change in the manner of feeding,
and the kind of food. Trouble in this
way is often caused by feeding too much
green bone, and other highly concentrated
foods, but we see no reason for the mash
causing it. grand view farm.

II A Y PRF'CQ Spencer’s full
A 1 XYllnJvJ circle Box pre(18

offered to you as a gift
d VJ11I if it cannot show
O'eater capacity than any other make.
Vrite for descriptive Catalog and see the
onditions under which this offer is made.
Catalog free. In writing name this paper.

J. A. SPENCER.

Dwltfht.

Illinois.

Be PRO¬
GRESSIVE

Sxilasoil Flow

Built on scientific principles for
countries where Kaln
Fall is not sufficient.

Get the moat from
your lands.

Investigate the
merits of this plow.

It will pay you BIG

GRAND DETOUR PLOW COMPANY
Dixon, Illinois.

No More Hand Pumping

No coal. No steam. No oil. No packing or labor.

No Cost for Motive Power

NIAGARA AUTOMATIC FUMI*

(Hydraulic Ram)

works night ami day on any brook,
creek, river, or pond. Used ami
endorsed by Governments, rail¬
roads and public institutions,
farmers, owners of factories,
country homes and mines. Write
to-day for free booklet.

Niagara Hydraulic Engine Co.i

CHESTER, PA.

I)ep. "R,” HO Nassau St., N. Y_\

Pratts the pioneer stock food
of America
Over 30 years old.

THE SPRING
WORK

Is sure to bring sore
shoulders. You need not
lay your horse oil a day
Abc/ro trade mirk on ererj box. If you use

GALL

CURE.

It’s the sovereign remedy for all Call*, Scratches,
Wire Cuts, Crease Heel, etc. In horses. Torn or
Cracked Teats, etc. in cows. Sold by local dealers
everywhere, who are directed to refund money If it
fails. Enclose us 10 cents for testing sample.

BICKMOBE GILL CURE COMPANY, Bot 519, Old Town, Mi.

BICKMORE’S

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St„ N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

GREATEST OFFERING EVER MARE
A T Fit I V A TE SA A E.

50

75

30

50

Registered Young Cows Due to
Freshen this Spiiug.

Two year old registered Heifers bred
to come in this spring or next fall.

Registered Service Bulls, ready for
spring service.

Registered male End female Calves,
some of them granddaughters and

50

75

30

50

grandsons of the champion cow of the world

70 A' ®” Cows in calf to Mercedes
I U Julip’s Pit tertje’s Paul, No. 29830, f U
and to Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Coutt, No.
29612.

IT FAYS TO It IT Y THE REST.

Do not have to pay extravagant prices. You save
mot ey by buying here. * Full guarantee on every¬
thing. Circulars will be sent ou application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland. N. Y.

Witen you write advertisers mention Tiih
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

nnnH RllV ®ecau»0 they are sewed by machinery;
wuii 1 send for free illustrated catalogue of

Factory Harness

W. I.. Rested Mfg,, Ilox 803, Nortliville, N.Y.

Harrows $5.80 Up

Cut this out and send to us
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalamazooinanufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

Price lfiTOOth Not Lined, $5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.80

20 “ “ 6.80

24

8.1

Price, Lined

$ 6.10
7.00
7.60
10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel'st'eei Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land In N. Y., Pa.,
W.ya.. and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

_ Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md„ for $1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can t afford to bother with the old one. We have man-
ufaetured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
JNo. 86, showing everything used on the farm. It’s
free, CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

400 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

Agents

Wanted

quick

Hammer

Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nail Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

P On© of our agent© ©ay© ho will make flfiOOnoxt yoar. Wobo-
llevo ho con. This is tho host ©ellcr wo er«r $&w. Writ© for
03 . r Orviro and M Aoknt©. Make monoy now

J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredcricktown.O,

The Great Agents Supply House.

AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

This shows
our

attached to horizontal spray pump. It can. however,
be attached to any make, either horizontal —
orvertleal. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with easo eight nozzles at
1UU pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

ARE USED
BY THE

lie S.

GOVERN¬

MENT

ID
I ENGINE
WITH
PUMP
.JACK.

Insending out their last specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.

War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all

others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2

8.H- p- (Jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile ) the most economical

Small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: H. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton,N.

The Original

Darke

Country

Herd.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

This sketch is as
true as any tiling can
he made. If any
one visiting my herd
finds this hog other¬
wise than this cut
shows, I will give
him a pair of pigs.
If found true I ex¬
pect to sell a nail
to same party. This
has never failed.
Visitors from many
different States
have been here to.
see Master Tom,
and his weight to¬
day stands strong
at 1,000. He is as
active as any six
months’ pig; a won¬
der amongst hogs.
He has never miss¬
ed a meal, and tho
books are now open
for orders in spring
pigs, in pairs or
single; prices right.

M. L Bowersox

Farm 2 miles west of
BRADFORD, O.,

R. F. D. No. 3.

'M 7f/l VoL f> O./C, Pen.
F MR OWED !f0 2 WetCH 7 SSQ. LBS 3}'k Fit)

286

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 1,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Colling wood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, I. ,
Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, ( Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. Gd., or 8 '/a marks, or 10*4 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers suslained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may he made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The fuel question ought not to make hard feelings
on that Illinois farm — see second page! No bucksaw
work about that. We hope the girls on the finished
woodpile are capable of directing the energy given out
by that fuel into “fried pies” and other delicacies which
hold families together.

*

Where one sells a ton of butter from the farm the
amount of fertility that went with it could be bought
for 25 cents, but where whole milk or skim-milk is sold
every 100 pounds of milk leaves the farm 10 cents
poorer. Of course, purchased grain, rich in protein
and phosphates, such as bran, linseed and cotton-seed
meal, tends to overcome this loss, but when one sells
the whole or skim-milk strict care should be taken to
save all the liquid and solid manure. There are too
many farmers who pay no attention to the liquid man¬
ure, but five-eighths of the value is found in the liquid.
Plan to have absorbents back of the cows, so there will
be no waste. We want the farm to grow richer every
year, and produce better crops.

*

And now — as to that letter to Hon. Thomas C. Piatt,
Washington, D. C. Even if you have already written
him the time has come for another letter. As will be
seen elsewhere on this page, after April 1 a man in
Albany, N. Y., can mail a package weighing 11 pounds
to any point in England, or even to China, at 12 cents
a pound. Let him try to mail a similar package from
Albany to Syracuse, and he will be limited to four
pounds and charged 10 cents a pound! We understand
that in his younger days Senator Platt wrote and sang a
campaign song conveying the sentiment that “There’s no
place like America !” He was right — for in practically
no other civilized country can a person mail goods to
a foreigner cheaper than he can to one of his own
countrymen! You should ask Senator Platt what he
thinks of this state of affairs! Is this a government of
the people for the people and by the people — or of the
people for the express companies by their representa¬
tives ?

*

We have been asked what farmers generally think of
the so-called beef trust investigation ! Here is a fair
sample of remarks, from Michigan :

Will you please publish Commissioner Garfield’s white¬
wash receipt, as I have an old building that has been con¬
demned by the public as a nuisance, and I want to get it
in shape by the time the building inspector comesl around.
1 am told that it is like the Government receipt with a
certain amount of gall added.

There seems to be quite a general opinion that April 1
would be an appropriate time for printing the report.
We think this is hardly fair to Commissioner Garfield.
This report covers only part of the investigation. We
shall wait until he finishes before expressing a definite
opinion. lie cannot get any farmer who sells live stock
at the going prices and buys fertilizers at market rates
to talk tilings over with a consumer who pays the pres¬
ent prices for meat and believe that the meat trust made
only two per cent profit ! The books may show that,
but there are a dozen ways of eating up profits so that
they will not show on the books ! “Whitewash” has
been called “the devil’s paint,” and is well named. The

lime and sulphur wash is the thing to use! It doesn’t
make things look quite so pretty, but how it does bite
into the parasites !

*

President Roosevelt’s recent address to the Mother’s
Congress represents the so-called “old-fashioned” view
that will be endorsed by the majority. But it should be
remembered, on the other hand, that the brutal waste
of human life, due to greed or callousness, which every
city shows, is quite as dangerous a form of “race
suicide” as the selfishness the President deplores. In
New York, in 1902, 13,000 tenement children died under
one year of age, and there were 21,000 deaths among
tenement children under five years of age. Of these,
5,000 died from diphtheria and dysentery, a slaughter
of the innocents that forms a monument to the twin
monsters of impure milk and imperfect sanitation.
Some smug Philistine may remark that this is Nature’s
way of removing the weak and incompetent, an exam¬
ple of the survival of the fittest. Yet who shall dare to
say that the newest baby, now lying, muffled in rags, in
a tenement sweatshop, may not be a potential leader,
whose preventable death delays the world’s advancement
to another generation?

We have never known the time when greater interest
was taken in the use of lime than at present. Many
questions about lime are asked by readers. We shall
print next week the two tests suggested by Dr. Wheeler
for deciding whether a soil is acid enough to need
lime. A number of people speak of sowing lime this
Spring on grass or young grain. They will not obtain
anywhere near the benefit they would from sowing the
lime after plowing and harrowing it well into the soil.
This method is best, for in order to obtain the best
effect upon an acid soil the lime must be thoroughly
mixed all through it. Probably the best time to use
lime is when seeding to grain or grass. Some plants
are more benefited by lime than others. One of the
most interesting cases of this is found when we sow
Timothy and Red-top seed together. In an acid soil
the Timothy will largely disappear, while the Red-top
will thrive. If lime is used the Timothy will prevail.
Many people still seem to -think that land plaster will
take the place of lime. It will not; in fact, there are
few if any good reasons why plaster should ever be
used as a fertilizer! The increased use of lime calls
for greater care in buying it. We are told of cases
where the refuse lying around limekilns is scraped up
and sold as “agricultural lime.” It should be bought
under a guarantee, the same as wood ashes or chemi¬
cal fertilizers.

*

How’s this for reciprocity?” asks an Ohio reader,
who sends .the following clipping from a local paper :

C. 1’. Fatchin is doing a fine business at the City Roller
Mills. Besides having a good trade in custom milling, he Is
buying quantities of grain from the West, which be .grinds
and ships in carloads to other towns along the B. & O.
Railway. He lias built a large addition to bis mill, and
put in a new 100 horse power high pressure boiler and a
new engine. From the boiler steam is piped to run the
engine in Parker & Alberts' saw mill, and in turn the saw¬
dust and fuel from the latter mill is blown in pipes back
to Patchin’s mill to be consumed under the. {treat, boiler,
which co-operative system proves to be a great economy in
fuel and expense.

If that man doesn’t eat the fishballs and “fried pies”
which the Hope Farm man tells about, some of his
ancestors surely did! We have been told of an irriga¬
tion scheme in a flat western country where water is
pumped out of a lake and carried some miles away
through pipes or boxes. At intervals water wheels are
arranged so that the water passes them and works
various dynamos. The electrical power thus generated
is wired back to the lake and thus nearly provides
for the pumping. Who has come nearer than this to
the impossible task of lifting himself by his own boot
straps? Yet, it is no more wonderful than what an
Alfalfa farmer can do. He may feed Alfalfa to cattle,
sell butter, raise young stock for sale, use the manure
on a rotation and sell grain, Timothy hay and potatoes,
and still improve the farm^

Last week a writer in the New York Sun com¬
plained that packages of books mailed to him in Eng¬
land and properly stamped, were delivered by an ex¬
press company at an extra charge of 50 cents. We
wrote to the Postmaster General to learn how this
came about, and received a circular giving the following
information :

There being no arrangement for the transmission of
packages of merchandise by mail between the United States
and Great Britain, the British Office has entered into an ar¬
rangement with the American Express Company, whereby
packages containing merchandise mailed in Great Britain
addressed for delivery in the United States are withdrawn
from the mails in Great Britain and delivered to the Ameri¬
can Express Company, to be by that company brought to
the United States for delivery to the addressees subject to
the customs regulations of this country. As the packages in
question do not arrive in this country in the mails, this
Department has no jurisdiction whatever in connection
with them.

On the first of April, 1905, a parcels post service
between this country and Great Britain will be started,

and that ought to end the express company service.
After that date packages weighing 11 pounds or less
can be sent from this country to Great Britain at a
rate of 12 cents a pound ! In other words, such pack¬
ages can be sent to foreign countries at 12 cents a pound,
while between one point in this country and another
the rate will be 16 cents, and the weight limited to
four pounds! Why give privileges to foreigners which
are denied to Americans?

*

There seems to be some misunderstanding about the
distribution of “cultures” by the United States Depart¬
ment of Agriculture. We were under the impression
that anyone could obtain the “cultures.” This letter
is a fair sample of others :

You told us in The R. N.-Y. that the patent for the nitro-
cultures for Red clover, and Alfalfa, had been turned over
to the Government for the benefit of the farmers. I wrote
the Department at Washington for enough to treat one-
half bushel Red clover and for two acres of Alfalfa. They
answered there was no more available until after July
(when there is not much use for it). There are plenty of
advertisements of dealers who offer it. at .$2 per cake for
an acre. 1 understand it costs about four cents to produce
this amount. This must be the Dutchman's one per cent,
profit. Will you please explain? o. d. t.

We have no authority to “explain,” but here is our
understanding of it. The patent for drying or hand¬
ling the “cultures” belongs to the Government. The
object in holding the patent in this way was to
prevent a monopoly. As it is, anyone who can give a
satisfactory guarantee that he will propagate and sell
the true bacteria can use the process. All the Govern¬
ment tried to do, and all that it really had any right to
do, was to send small quantities of these cultures out for
trial. Having demonstrated that there is value in the
cultures, the Government is justified in leaving the
commercial side of the business to private parties. Sup¬
pose that by means of many trials the Department of
Agriculture found that a certain variety of corn or
potatoes was of great value. It would be justified in
sending small lots for trial, but when farmers wanted
quantities for business— not for experimenting — they
should go to the seedsmen. True, the Government does
give away so-called “free seeds,” but the principle of
this distribution is wrong and should be cut off rather
than enlarged. We are told that the Department planned
to give away a number of thousand packages for trial,
and that they have all been spoken for. What is your
authority for saying that these packages cost only four
cents each? You might as well say that because the
metal in a watch costs 50 cents, therefore a price of
$25 is exorbitant. Probably the boxes, the cotton and
the chemicals which come with the cultures might
be bought for a few cents, but what you pay for is the
skill and care required to breed and prepare the bacteria,
and the cost of putting them on the market. The
Government has no expense of this sort. It is not fair
to expect outsiders to compete with the Government in
prices. _

BREVITIES.

Humor is to t lie heart what humus is to the soil.

What breed of poultry gives best results on corn?

Sheep feeding seems to have paid well in Western New
York the past Winter.

“Back to the land!” That’s right — back up against it
and put iq) a stiff fight.

YOU can't control the ventilation of a building unless
you have it arranged to keep all the air out if necessary.

Now we want to know what happened to Mr. Cook's cows
as the result of that institute. Did they shrink in their
milk?

Has any reader ever tried spraying with Bordeaux to
cure rust or blight on beans? Something must be done to
stop that disease.

‘-‘A pair of educated horses and plenty of tools" are all
the farm help that can really be depended on, says a Maine
correspondent. Horse education means human patience.

Every year the “trained monkey” fake starts up. This
year it Is reported that a California fruit grower has im¬
ported 500 monkeys to pick prunes ! Last year these
monkeys were to pick cotton in Mississippi.

Dr. II. J. Wheeler, of Rhode Island, has shown that t He
use of lime on acid soils Increases the availability of nitro¬
gen. Dried blood was made doubly effective on such soils
when lime was used and even leather became more availa¬
ble.

A Chicago scientist says that within 3,000.000 years man
will be crowded off the earth by the predominance of birds.
Jersey fruit growers who worked for that anti-robin bill
last year think that the professor is almost too conservative
in his statements.

The following was written by Thomas Hood, the Eng¬
lish poet and wit, to a Mr. Berry, on the latter sending him
a bill that was not due: “What a mul Berry, to send me
a bill Berry, before it was dew Berry : your father, the
elder Berry, wouldn’t have been such a goose Berry ; your
needn't look black Berry, I don’t care a straw Berry.”

It Is stated that French chemistry lias produced a
plausible imitation of the ordinary egg. The shell is made
with a blowpipe by a combination of lime and bismuth, the
white is a mixture of sulphur, carbon and beef fat, and
the yolk beef blood and magnesia tinted with chrome yel¬
low. After all, that is not nearly as poor an imitation of
a fresh egg as one meets with in some restaurants.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

287

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Captain John Cotter, United States Super¬
vising Inspector ol' Steam Vessels at New Orleans, La., has
called the attention of the Government officials to a consign¬
ment of life preservers, recently supplied from a factory in
New York to a New Orleans firm, which are far below' the
Government requirements. The steamer Mamie D. of Mor¬
gan City, La., having given an order for life preservers on
the New Orleans firm, a part of those shipped by the New
York factory were tendered. They were examined by In¬
spectors Kelly and Park and found to have the stamp of (lie
inspector at. New York, under date of M'arch 4. 1005. The
inspection showed that the straps came off, that the pre¬
servers were badly put together, being below the standard in
every respect as to sewing, materials, etc., so as to be unfit
for the purpose intended. Not. one of the lot. of GO pre¬
servers tendered the Mamie I). was found oi any account.
The entire lot. held by the local dealer was then inspected
by Captain Cotter, who found them all unfit. A sample pre¬
server was shipped to the supervising inspector-genera! at
Washington. . . . Oil. which experts say Is of the high¬

est quality ever discovered, is now gushing from the earth
in the Canadian Northwest. Practically all of the country
to the north of Montana is one vast, rich oil well. In the
extreme southwestern section of Alberta, live miles from the
American boundary line, a thriving town has sprung up
within the past few weeks, populated almost entirely by oil
prospectors and those interested in the development of recent
discoveries. The valley in which these oil wells lie is de¬
scribed by geologists as an enormous crevice caused by a
volcanic eruption cross-cutting the formation of the Rocky
Mountains and forming a basin into which the oil lias gath¬
ered until it has formed enormous lakes underlying the rock
formation at a depth of 1.000 feet. The oil is said to have
been made by the distillation of the large coal bodies lying
to the north, as the surface indications of oil in large quan¬
tities tiave been seen throughout Alberta for a number of
years. . . . Owing to the presence in Mobile, Ala., of

Boer war veterans, the various steamers bound for Central
American ports are being watched closely by the custom offi¬
cials to keep them from leaving this country. It will be
remembered that while the contingent was in New Orleans a
number went: from there to Guatemala, and it was said at
the time that it was for the purpose of filibustering. It is
learned from an authoritative source that the various port
collectors and customs officials along the Gulf coast have
strict orders to watch closely the passenger lists of the de¬
parting vessels bound for the Central American countries,
taking particular cognizance of the departure of any per¬
sons who are contemplating joining the revolutionaries in
any of the Latin republics, more especially Honduras. . . .
The Board of .Supervisors of Peoria County. Ill., have re¬
fused (lie Prairie Oil and Gas Company, the Kansas branch
of the Standard Oi 1 Company, permission to lay its pipe line
from Kansas to Indiana, across certain highways In the
northern part of the county. Unless the supervisors can be
induced to reconsider this decision the men now connecting
the line will have to stop work and the company will find
itself with a gap in its lines which it cannot legally close.

A campaign for the enforcement of the Maine liquor
law was organized March 17.. The crusade is the result of
the passage by the Legislature of the Sturgis bill. The new
law authorizes the Governor to appoint a commission of
three members who shall have the power to exercise in any
part of the State “all the common law and statutory powers
of Sheriffs in their respective counties in the enforcement
of the law against the manufacture and sale of intoxicating
liquors." This commission has the power to appoint depu¬
ties with similar powers in the various counties. Its pur¬
pose is to enforce the prohibitory law where the local officers
have failed to do so. . ._ . A drastic anti-cigarette bill

previously passed by the Wisconsin Assembly was passed by
the Senate March 17. The bill makes unlawful the sale,
gift or importation into Wisconsin of cigarettes or cigarette
materials. . . . Explosions in the Rush Run and Red

Ash mines at Thurmond. W. Va., in which 10 men were
killed M'arch US were followed by a second explosion March
19, in which 14 men more lost their lives. . . . The ex¬
plosion of a boiler in the shoe factory of R. B. Grover & Co.,
Brockton, Mass., March 20. wrecked the building and set it
on lire. Within an hour of the explosion the entire factory
had been destroyed and the flames had attacked Dahlbor’g
Block, a four-story building on the opposite side of the
street. This structure and several wooden buildings were
destroyed before the firemen could get control. Many other
houses were damaged by embers that were carried In a
southerly direction by the high wind. The work of recov¬
ering the bodies began while the fire was still raging and
Injured persons were being conveyed to the hospitals. The
charred remains were carried in quilts to undertakers’
wagons. Few can be identified, so completely did the flames
do their work. During the first day 50 bodies were re¬
moved: the death list is put at 103, and 50 are seriously
Injured. It is extremely doubtful, however, that more than
fragmentary pieces of other bodies will ever be found. Med¬
ical Examiner Paine said March 21 that he believed other
bodies had been reduced to ashes, and that the number of
victims might never be positively known. He did not be¬
lieve that: further identification of the charred remains at
the morgue was probable. . . . March 21 serious floods

threatened many cities. Hundreds of families in lower Alle¬
gheny and Pittsburg were rendered homeless. In Allegheny
policemen were patrolling the streets in skiffs, and many
rescues were made of persons who remained In their houses.
More than 1.000 people were driven out. All of the mills
and furnaces along the two rivers were forced to close, and
thousands of men were temporarily out of work. It is esti¬
mated that the flood had caused a property loss of at least
$500,000. ... A Dill before rhe Maine State Legislature

provides that no lobsters he shipped out of M’aine lietween
June 1 and October 1. If this bill should pass it would
mean a lobster famine in the country at large, since Maine
controls over half the lobster output of the country. The
dealers and fishermen are indignant and will combine to
fight the bill. . . . The Assembly Excise Committee of

the New York legislature reported favorably March 21 the
Walnwright excise measure, which was introduced by Sen¬
ator Ambler and is advocated by the Anti-Saloon league
The measure, which embodies the so-called excise plan, pro¬
vides for the submission of the question as to the sale of
liquor to voters in residential districts. Whenever 40 per
cent of the electors of the district petition for a referendum
on liquor selling there shall be a special election. The resi¬
dential district “shall be a compact, contiguous territory
containing not fewer than 300 nor more than 5.000 qualified
electors, and not containing any block in which one-half or
more of the block frontage is occupied by buildings used for
commercial purposes." The determination of the special
election cannot be reversed by any other special election for
two years.

ADMINISTRATION. — Senator Morgan delivered a five-
hour speech at the executive session of the Senate March 10,
in which lie brought: sweeping charges against William Nel¬
son Cromwell, of New York City, in connection with the
negotiation of the Santo Domingan treaty. According to
Senator Morgan. Mr. Cromwell, who was prominently con¬
nected witli the sale of the Panama Canal property to the
United States, was the principal mover in the effort to in¬
terest this country in the affairs of Santo Domingo. The
Senator asserted that Mr. Cromwell was actuated by a
desire to frustrate the plans of a Mr. and Mrs. Reader, na¬
tives of Alabama, who are operating under the name of the
Reader Syndicate, to get certain concessions from t lie Do¬
mingan Government, and, moreover, to promote the interests
of a syndicate he ( Cromwell l represented, which it is alleged
holds a mass of claims against Latin-American republics, in¬
cluding a large part, of the debts against the Domingan
Government. The concessions in question were for railways,
electric light plants, street railways and other public im¬
provements. the Senator declared. The statements made by
Mr. Morgan produced something of a sensation in the Sen¬
ate. as the Senator was possessed of documents and facts
which occupied him all the afternoon, and he dealt them out
unsparingly to support the charges he made.

VENEZUELA. — The situation confronting Venezuela over
President Castro’s endeavor to secure the revocation of the
French Cable Company’s concession has reached the begin¬
ning of the acute stage through the action of the French
Government in ordering two warships to I.a Guayra. the
nearest port to Caracas, to back up its Minister's protest
against any radical move against the cable company. If
Castro is relying on assistance from the United States to
get him out of any trouble which would follow drastic ac¬

tion on his part against the French concern, he is laboring
under a misapprehension as to the Government’s attitude.
The incident lias not assumed a phase far enough advanced
to cause the State Department, to make any formal declara¬
tion of intention, but the privately expressed views of offi¬
cials are sufficient to justify the announcement that as long
as there is no violation of the principles of the Monroe
Doctrine the Washington Government will hold itself aloof
from the affair.

FAVORED SECTIONS IN FLORIDA.

I think that in his Florida notes the Hope Farm man
does a great injustice to this part of Florida. Of course
all you say is entirely correct of Putnam County. But many
of your readers would infer that these remarks applied to
all Florida. There is another and a better part of Florida,
and I trust that you will correct the erroneous impression
that your widely read articles will create. In southern
Dade County during the recent cold spell not an orange was
injured in fruit, tree, leaf or blossom, and further, the grape
fruit is more tender than the orange, and tne lime is more
tender than the grape fruit, and yet the -fresh bloom of the
lime was not hurt in the least. Why people continue to
plant oranges where there is danger of being frozen out every
fifth year I canuot understand, because by planting here
they would be absolutely free from that danger. The fact
that Prof. Van Deman located his 100-acre grove here is a
significant pointer. But growing Citrus fruit is only one of
the advantages which this section has over every other part
of the State. We are now shipping daily from 300 to 500
crates of tomatoes, and beans, peppers, egg plants, etc., in
proportion, and although there is no part of Florida that, is
absolutely frost-proof, there is never enough entirely to de¬
stroy the tender vegetables or to injure in the least the
Citrus fruits. During the last cold spell many fields ot
tomatoes were scorched and many killed, but along the edges
of the Everglades were vast areas that were not. hurt. On
those fields that were killed the plants were immediately
pulled up and reset, and are now growing finely, the only
difference being that they will be about three weeks later
than they would have been and will require another applica¬
tion of fertilizer. Perhaps it would not be amiss to quote
some of the prices we are now receiving for produce in New
York : Tomatoes, $4 per crate, 20 cents quart ; beans, $0
per bushel crate; pepners, $3 per crate; egg plants, $3 per
crate; okra, $5 per crate. By deducting about 75 cents per
crate, or in carload lots about one-half that figure, you have
the prices at our station. When it is considered that as
good crops can be grown here as at the North and with
less labor, the relative profits can be estimated. But the
chief advantage of this section of Florida, over other parts
of the State, is its incomparable climate. The thermometer
runs along weeks at a time from 70 to 85 in the shade, with
a lovely breeze from the bay blowing constantly, and as we
look from our verandas and see roses. Hibiscus and Bigno-
nias in full bloom, and inhale the delicious fragrance of the
oleander and orange, and hear the rustling of the long
leaves of the docoanut and Royal palm, mingled with the
song of the mocking bird, we can scarcely credit our senses
when we pick up the paper and learn that at that very mo¬
ment the North is in the grip of a blizzard, the thermom¬
eter below zero, people freezing to death, our friends dying
of pneumonia, and a long catalogue of misery and suffering.
We lay down the paper and thank God that He has created
a place where people can come to escape such a climate, and
wonder that, there are so many who do not avail themselves
of the haven which lie has provided for them.

CIIAKI.ES I’AItKY.

The South with 10,000,000 1 The South with 12,000,000
bales of cotton. | bales of cotton.

— Reproduced from Farm and Home.

HEATING FARMHOUSES.

Your discussion during last year of the different systems
of heating for farmhouses has been of much interest to me,
because, as you say. nothing is too good for the farmer.
This is the fourth Winter that I have had experience with
a hot-air furnace, and I am free to say that we like it very
much. One difficulty with some farmhouses is that they
have not been built as carefully as they should be. It is
cheaper to keep out the cold than to heat it at the present
price of coal. Our house has been built on the installment

plan, a piece at a time, and is not so well arranged for

heating as if built all at one time. It is a full two-story

house with a garret, and occupies about 24,000 cubic feet.

We bought the largest-sized hot-air furnace, with a marked
capacity of heating 60,000 cubic feet. By getting a large
heater we need not. push it, and consequently do not use as
much coal as a sinaller one would require. The advantages
of hot-air are that the air is fresh and pure; in the Fall
and Spring the chill can be taken out of the house by build¬
ing a little cob or wood fire; no pipes to freeze or leak; can
lie put in for about one-half the cost of hot water or steam;
less cost to keep in repair, and always ready to start up.
As to the amount of fuel consumed, I cannot judge between
the different systems, but last Winter we burned 5 Vi tons of
anthracite coal, and this Winter we will get through with
less. WILLIAM T. CREASY.

Pennsylvania. _

LAND VALUES IN NORTHERN NEW JERSEY.— I would
like to hear the opinion of our farmers in northern New
Jersey as to the cause of farm land in our midst selling for
$20 per acre. That will not pay the cost on buildings. Same
land sold years ago for $80. and to-day are not the oppor¬
tunities as good as they have been in the past? We have
farms about us that are run on the up-to-date plan that are
paying good interest on $100 per acre, and we have many
farmers who will go up to the line fence and look over and
see it done, and will walk away grumbling and say it won’t
pay : “I’ll do as grandfather did : he got along' all right
and made money.” Perhaps this might be given as one of
the reasons above mentioned for the unsatisfactory sale of
our land. It Is certain that this part of our State offers

fine opportunities to the thrifty who are willing to adapt
themselves to new methods. We have a soil that responds
quickly to good treatment, and is adapted to many different
crops, and especially good for the clover crops when prop¬
erly put in. s. READ.

Warren Co., N. J.

THE COWAN BUTTER FAT BILL. — There seems to be
a disposition in many quarters to criticise the action of the
Pomona Grange of Orange Co., N. Y., in supporting the
Cowan Butter-fat bill. I fear such critics look at the sub¬
ject from a selfish, rather than from the moral standpoint.
The Holstein Breeders’ Association lias needlessly alarmed
the average owner of Holstein cattle by claiming that so
mauy Holstein cows give milk that will not come up to the
proposed standard for butter fat, and done the breed an
injury that it. will take years to overcome. If the testimony
of Dr. Wheeler, of the Department of Agriculture, is correct,
that all such cows of any breed, giving three per cent, milk;
are subjecting dealers in such milk to a liability for prose¬
cution because it has not got the 12 per cent of" total solids
now required by law, then thev have made a great mistake
by heralding to the public the fact that so many cows of
their breed only give three per cent milk. One man now
before the American public, in a prominent, manner, has
made himself immensely popular by favoring “a square deal
for every man.” That is the whole purpose and the only
purpose of the Cowan bill, and Pomona Grange will surely
gain in the long run by openly favoring the bill. Its effect
would be to make it just as dangerous to put skim-milk into
a can of milk to be sold as pure milk, as it is to put water
into it. “No more and no less," and all persons who be¬
lieve in fair play, be they consumers, farmers or dealers,
should give it their support. — O. W. Mapes in Middletown
Press.

GARDENERS AND FANNERS.— One of the most inter¬
esting struggles which the farmers of Ontario have ever en¬
gaged in is now in progress between the truck farmers of the
Niagara, Hamilton and Prince Edward districts, on the one
hand, and the canners’ combine on the oth^r. These truck
farmers grow large quantities of corn, tomatoes and green peas
for canning. They have this year asked for an increase in the
price paid by canners for this raw material, basing their
demand on the adltional cost of production, owing to the
high price of labor. The canners seem ready to concede
the demands made except in the case of tomatoes. They
positively refuse to pay the 30 cents per bushel demanded
by the truck farmers, while the latter declare it must be
30 cents or no tomatoes. If the growers stick together
they can compel the canners to come to terms because, for
this season, at all events, those who have been furnishing
the canners with this form of raw material, control the
one source of supply available. If the truck farmers win
this fight, their example may be followed bv those engaged
in other lines of production. If the luig producers of
Ontario were united, they could, by regulating the produc¬
tion of hogs, co m jie 1 the packers lo give hog producers
at least some say in determining what the English bacon
market will warrant packers in paying for the live hog.
T nder present conditions, with hog producers unorganized
and the packers united, the latter have entirely in their
own hands the power of determining what the price of hogs
shall lie, and they take care to make this low enough to
insure a fair profit for themselves without too much re¬
gard to the interests of the farmers. — Toronto Sun.

unusually warm and pleasant. Farmers have been" plow¬
ing sod for the last 10 days. Roads are dry and mostly
smooth. The extreme cold in the Winter killed the peach
trees, and injured other tender fruit trees. Live stock
wintered well, and will go on grass in good condition. Our
farmers are greatly wrought up over the failure of Congress
to give increased power to the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission. j s

Corning, Iowa. _

BUSINESS BITS.

,RWJ,ne b,reeder offering some choice stock to our
ie 1 ,R ,ti,me Is Watson, Marbledale, Conn. Those
desiiing Berkshires will do well to correspond with him.

Bowersox, Bradford, O.. is offering some bargains
“. \ s'vlne- sired by “Honest Tom.” The photo-

fTm * * Ie *10£ appears in another column and

will interest all admirers of this breed. Write for prices
at once. *

1 here would be less face trouble if every shaver would
use real shaving soap, made especially for this purpose, in¬
stead of laundry or toilet soaps. The J. B. Williams Co.,
Glastonbury, ( onn., make the “only soap fit for the face ”

win,noth.<,|'C5u0l",mn ^iey offer t0 send * free trial sample of
Williams Shaving Soap.

,imlKAaVKSf ho.rses are largely caused by the abormal con¬
ditions of the stomach due to over-feeding, followed bv vio¬
lent exercise on an overtaxed stomach. Newton's Heave
«?u,?h’JPis&mper an(1 Indigestion Cure is an effective cure
Write the Newton. Remedy Company, Toledo. Ohio, for their
catalogue, containing valuable hints on the care of the
horse, sent free to all.

One of the first Cahoon hand broadcast seed sowers made
was sold to J. 1*. Shattuck, of Portland, Me., who lias used
it every season for more than 40 years. M’any other farmers
have used these machines from 25 to 35 years. It pays the
farmer well to get an accurate machine that will last a life-
C.1! , sower is made by the Goodell Company, Antrim,
N. II. Write for catalogue.

For those who can afford It, a new low wagon with
grooved tire metal wheels Is the thing. Farmers of limited
means who have an ordinary wagon may reduce it to a low
wagon by buying only the metal wheels with grooved tires
Write the Havana Metal Wheel Co.. Havana, ill for ad¬
vice about their patented groove tires. They supply also
flat tire wheels if desired. Write them for directions' about
measuring so that they may be ordered to fit exactly.

Men who have made a succes of beekeeping send their
practical, every-day experience to a paper called “Gleanings
in Lee Culture.” Everybody who gets this paper receives
the benefits of these experienced men. “Gleanings” is pub¬
lished by t lie veteran bee men, A. I. Root Company. Medina,
Ohio. Over 20,000 people read it now. All our readers can
have a copy free by sending their names to the above firm
on a postal, or they can have a six months’ trial subscrip¬
tion for 25 cents.

T. F. Kingery, Montrose, Ill., writes under (Late April 11
1904 : “The Absorbine received of vou for bog spavin
worked like a charm. One bottle made a, valuable horse of
a worthless one, and I got good money out of him and
also took a bad lump off a fine fillv with one bottle
of your Absorbine. I don’t want to be without Absorbine
in my barn. Find enclosed $2 for another bottle.” Absor¬
bine can be procured at your druggists or T will send a bot¬
tle express prepaid upon receipt of $2. W. F. Young, I*. I).
F., 88, Monmouth Street, Springfield, Mass.

The Itider-Ericsson Engine Co. ranks among the oldest
and best manufacturers of pumping engines in the world
We believe they were the original builders of this type of
engine in America. For upwards of half a century the
Itider-Ericsson engine has stood all tests, and after meeting
very severe competition still maintains its position. This
has been accomplished by giving an article which would
do satisfactory work with little care and at a moderate price.
Write for the booklet issued by Rider-Ericsson Engine Co.,
35 Warren Street. New York City. It tells a true and in¬
teresting story in a straightforward way.

Why do wire fences give way, break and sag? In all
ready-made woven fences the stays or uprights are made
of smaller wire than the horizontals, consequently they give
way sooner and ruin the whole fence. Another reason is
that proper allowance is not. made for the expansion and con¬
traction caused by changing weather. Both of these diffi¬
culties are entirely overcome in the famous Brown fence
The uprights are of the same size as the horizontal wires
and the laterals are made from high carbon, hard spring
colled wire, which not only allows for all contraction and
expansion due to changes in temperature, but also relieves
the posts of much of the dead pull upon them. It is an
economical fence to build, and even if it cost more than
others (which It does not) it would still be the cheapest in
the end. Our readers are urged to send for the Brown
Fence Book. Address Brown Fence and Wire Company,
Cleveland, Ohio.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 1,

288

MARKETS

Prices current during the week ending
March 25, 1905. Wholesale except as noted.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . — @1.18%

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... — @1.2.8%

Corn, mixed . — @ 57

Oats, mixed . — @ 36%

Barley . — @ 45

FEED.

Ton to car lots.

Spring bran . 20.00 @22.00

Middlings . 22.00 @24.00

llominy chop . 21.00 @23.00

Gluten . 25.00 @28.00

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-lb. lots.

Timothy bu. 45 lbs . — @ 2.75

Red top,' 100 lbs . — @14.00

Blue grass, 100 lbs . — Oj 12.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @ 1 5.00

Orchard grass. 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — • @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Medium Red clover. 100 lbs. . . — @ 17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

HAY AND STRAW.

Ilay, prime . 82 %@ 85

No. 1 . — @ 80

No. 2 . 70 @ 75

No. 3 . (SO @) 05

Clover mixed . 05 @ 75

Clover . 00 @ 05

Straw, long rye . 90 @ 95

MILK.

New York Exchange price three cents per
quart in 20-cent freight zone, $1.51 per 40-
quart can gross.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

27 @

27%

Firsts .

24 @

26

Seconds .

21 @

23

Held .

24 @

26%

State dairy .

1 9 @

25

Imitation creamery .

20 @

24

Renovated .

1 8 @

23

2 o

Packing stock .

18 @

21

CHEESE.

Full cream, fine to fancy .

13% @

14

Fair tosgood .

12 @

12%

Poor .

10% @

11%

Part skims .

8%@

9%

Full skims .

4 @

5

EGGS.

Fancy, white .

— @

19

Choice, mixed .

1 7 @

18

Western and Southern .

1 0 @

17

Low grades .

12 @

14

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy .

6%@

7%

( ’hoiee .

5% (a

6 %

Low grades .

4 @

5

Sim dried .

2 %@

3

Raspberries .

— @

24

Blackberries .

6%@

7

Huckleberries .

11 @

n%

Cherries .

14 @

15

APPLES.

Market dull and weak.

King . . . . . .

Spitzenburg .

Ben Davis .

Baldwin .

. 1 50

@3.50
@3.50
@ 2.50
@ 2.50
@2.00

Greening .

Spv .

. 2.00

@3.00

VARIOUS FRUITS.

Strawberries, Fla., fancy. . . .

. 45

@ 60

Good to prime .

. 15

@ 40

Pineapples, 30s to 24s .

@3.00

Cranberries, bbl .

.6.00

@7.50

Oranges, Calif., navel .

.1.75

@2.50

Florida .

. 3.50

@5.25

SALADS AND GREEN

STUF

FS.

Asparagus, dozen .

@ 9,00i

Artichokes, Calif., doz .

7 ii

@ 1-.00

Celery, dozen .

50

@ 90

Brussels sprouts, qt .

10

@ 20

Cauliflower, Southern, bill...

4.50

@ 6.00

Cabbage. Dan. seed. red. ton..

25.00

@50.00

Danish seed, white .

16.00

@20.00

Domestic seed .

10.00

@14.00

Cliicorv and escarol, bbl .

6.00

@ 9.00

Kale, bbl .

1 5

@ 1.25

lettuce, basket .

1 .00

@ 3.50

Peppers, 20-qt. carrier .

2.00

@ 3.50

Peas, green, bushel .

@ 6.00

Beans, green, bushel .

2.50

@ 5.00

Romaine, 3-pk. basket .

1.25

@ 2.00

Spinach, bill .

75

@ 1.25

VARIOUS VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, I.. 1.. ISO llis .

.1.75

@2.00

State and West’n, 180 IDs .

.1.00

@1.25

M’aine, 168-lb. bag .

.1.00

@1.20

Sweets. Jersey, bbl .

. 3.00

@5.50

Beets, new, bbl. crate .

.2.00

@3.00

Old. bbl .

@1.25

Carrots. 100 bunches .

.4.00

@6.00

Old. iilil .

.1.25

@1.50

Egg plants, bushel .

Oj 5.00

Onioq^. white, bbl .

@9.00

Y'elTow .

.3.00

@3.50

Red .

. 2.75

@3 25

Squash, Hubbard, bbl .

@1.75

Tomatoes, Fla., 20-qt. carrier.

. LOO

@4.50

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl .

. 1)0

@1.10

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Beets. 100 hunches .

@6.00

Cucumbers, No. 1, doz .

@1.50

Lettuce, doz .

@1.25

Mushrooms, lb .

. 25

@ 55

Radishes, 100 hunches .

@4.00

Rhubarb, 11) .

. 7

@ 9

Tomatoes, lb .

. 25

@ 30

BEANS.

Receipts heavy and market

weak.

Marrow .

.2.75

@3.10

@2.27%

Medium .

.2.00

Pea .

. 1.70

@1.85

Red Kidney .

. —

@2.80

White Kidney .

. -

@3.10

Black Turtle Soup .

. -

@3.25

Yellow Eye .

.2.10

@2.15

HOPS.

Choice .

. 27

@ 29

Com. to prime .

. 25

@ 26

Ordinary .

. 23

@ 25

Olds .

@ 13

German crop 1904 .

. 50

@ 60

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, lb .

—

@ 12

Fowls .

—

@ 1 5

Roosters .

. -

@ 10

Turkeys .

. - -

@ 16

Ducks .

. 60

@ 80

Geese .

.1.25

@1.62

Pigeons .

. -

@ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 15 @ 20

Chickens, choice . 19 @ 21

Lower grades . 12 @ 17

Fowls . . 10 @ 14

Squabs, doz . 1.50 @3.00

COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, veal . 11 @12

Coarse . 5 @ 8

Lambs. Hothouse, head . 3.50 @7.00

Hogs . 5% @ 7%

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here

Wintergreen . 1.90 @2.20

Wormwood . 3.50 @3.75

Peppermint . 3.20 @3.50

Sassafras . 60 @ 70

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.65 @6.00

Bulls . 3.20 @4.35

Cows . 1.75 @4.05

Dressed Beef . 8 @ 8%

Milch cows with calves . 25.00 @45.00

Calves, veal . 5.00 @9.00

Culls . 3.00 @4.50

Sheep . 4.50 @6.00

Lambs . 7.00 @8.50

Hogs, State and Pa . — @6.00

FURS.

Black bear . 10.00 @ 20.00

Cubs and yearlings . 3.00 @ 10.00

Badger . 60 @ 80

Otter . 9.00 (a 15.00

Beaver, large . 6.00 @ 8.00

Medium . 4. 00 @ 5.00

Small . 2.00 @ 3.00

Silver fox . 50.00 @ 250.00

Cross fox . 5.00 @ 10.00

Red fox . 1.50 @ 3.50

Gray fox . 75 @ 90

Fisher . 4.00 @ 8.00

Wolf, prairie . 1.50 @ 2.00

Timber . 2.00 @ 4.00

Wolverine . 4.00 @ 7. 00

Lynx . 4.00 @ 6.00

Wild cat . 40 @ 75

Civet cat . 25 @ 50

House cat, black . — @ 25

House cat, colored . 8 @ 10

Marten, dark . 6.00 @ 12.00

Pale . 3.00 @ 5.00

Skunk, black . 1.65 @ 1.75

Half-striped . 1.05 @ 1.L5

Long-striped . 90 @ 1.00

Striped . 60 @ 70

White . 30 @ -

Raccoon . 60 @ 1.50

Opossum, large . 55 @ 60

Medium . 30 @ 35

Small . 15 @ *8

Kits . 5 @ —

Rabbit . 1%@ —

Mink . 2.50 @ 6.00

Muskrat, Winter., . 14 @ 15

Kits . 2 @ 3

Fall . 9 @ 10

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Sin¬
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Nitrate of soda . — @48.50

Acid phosphate . — @10.00

Kainit. 12 per cent potash... — @12.00

Dried blood . — @45.00

'tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . . . — @20.00

Peruvian guano . — 37.06

Sulphur flowers, in bbl. lots, lti — @ 2%

Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots, lb — @ 6%

“Teachers,” said the educational cynic,
“are divided into two classes: Those who
quit because they don’t know enough to
teach, and those who keep on because
they don’t know enough to quit.” — Balti¬
more American.

First Hen : “The price of eggs is the
same as last week, isn’t it?” Second
Hen: “Just the same.” “And here we
have been laying to beat the band. What’s
the use, anyway, trying to buck against
these trusts?” — Life.

“Don’t swear at the mule, Bill,” said
the old Georgia farmer. “That ole mule,
as stubborn an’ weatherbeaten as he
looks, keeps John at college, learn in’ how
ter play football an’ speak Greek !” — At¬
lanta Constitution.

“I didn’t know your father was a sea¬
faring man.” “He isn’t.” “But he said
he worked on a revenue cutter,” “And
so he does. But he means that he oper¬
ates a sausage machine for the Beef
T rust.” — Cincinnati Commercial-T ribune.

Doctor : “What ! your dyspepsia no bet¬
ter? Did you follow my instructions and
drink hot water an hour before break¬
fast?” Patient: “I tried to, doctor, but
I was unable to keep it up for more than
10 minutes at a stretch.” — Cincinnati En¬
quirer.

BIO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.;

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds 01
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty, e Consignments solicited,

$4 A 36 Little 12th St.£ New York.

Lambs

Dressed Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products, Fancy
Kggs, Fruits, Vegetables. Write us wliat you have
to offer. Top Prices for Choice Products.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York

Oldest Commission SKS*1

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
K. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

Barred Rocks

(Ringlet strain) direct from E. B. Thompson; Eggs
from strictly choice matings, $1.5(1—13, $3.00—30. B.
H. ACKLEY. Laceyville, Wyoming Co., Penna.

ROSE COMB BUFF LEGHORNS; prize winning
stock; Eggs $1.50 per setting. J. H. STEELE,
East Haven. Conn.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. R. B. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SSTffi"

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester, Mich

0.1. c.

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Best strains bred from
Registered Stoek, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

COR SALE-SCOTCH COLLIE BITCH; 2 years
old: golden sable and white; thoroughly trained;
Royal pedigree^ will ship_on approval. $25.

ie; will ship on approval. $2;>.

F. C. SMITH & SON, Groton, N. Y.

1

cured to STAY CURED. No
' medicines needed afterwards.
Book54FEree. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N. Y

WAnSTTED

MAN UNDER FIFTY, slight experience, to work
in garden, $30 and board. A. W. Reeves, 11500 Muske¬
gon Ave., Chicago, Ill..

W

ANTED — Young man nineteen years old de¬
sires a position on fruit farm.

RUDOLPH HERMS, Morristown, New Jersey.

M APS, Keports.Descriptive Lists. Prices. Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board of agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

ATTENTION

I— Needing male
I help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail ordeis a Specialty.
1. HKKZ, Genl. Mgr., 99 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.
A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York Cit

ALL AT ONCE

Plant and fertilize as you go. Corn, peas,
beans, beets, etc., planted and fertilizer de¬
posited, in hills or drills, ah at one passage,
with the

Eclipse Corn Planter

and Fertilizer Distributer.

Improved row marker. Wide range for hill
spacing, G to 45 inches. Handles any kind
fertilizer, in any condition, 50 to 450 lbs. per

uere. We make a special gear which sows 600 lbs.
per acre. Plants all seeds accurately. Light draft,
easily handled, quick and positive adjustments.
We also make the Eclipse Two Horse Two Row
Planter. Good terms to agents where not intro¬
duced. Write us.

BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 75 Chicopo* Falls, Mass.

Worms easy to cure.
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.
r - _ III J I can sell your farm if with-

rarm VvanicQ In 100 miles of address.

B. K. GOODALE, 1947 Broadway. New York City.

FARMS

For rich farming and fruit growing
Write J. D. S. HANSON, Hart, Mich

[fin QAI C A Good Farm of 191 acres near
lUn uHLL Dansvihe, Livingston Co. N. Y.
Address, W. M. McNAIR, Herndon, Fairfax Co.
Virginia.

COLORADO INVESTMENTS

Ranches for $ale.

Hay, Stoek, Grain,
and Fruit Ranches. Geo. E. Grebles, Box 215, Silver-
ton, Colo.

FDD SAI F Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
ruiv ortU. Buildings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar
M i pies, equipped. Good Dairy. 105 Acres on main
road. $40.10 per acre. One-third down. Bal to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. 0.

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash, A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

BEFORE YOU BUY

any real estate in any part of the United States,
write for my free list. Write me what locality you
are interested In and I guarantee to fulfill your re¬
quirements and save you some money besides.

WM. T. BROWN,

213 Brown Building, Lancaster, Penn

VIRGINIA FARMS

COST $10
Inoome S{&30

ACRE
per iYcro

Virginia Land Is doing this for its farmers every year, and
we prove it to you by signed statements. Long Summers,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eastern
markets at lowest rates Best church, school and social advau
ta^es. For list offarins, excursion rates and what others have
Bccomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAUMK, Agr. and Ind. Aft.
Morfolk and Western Ry., Box 17 Roanoke* V*i

200 FARMS — The best bargains selected from over
3,000 listed with us for sale in Maine, Veraiont, Mas¬
sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Delaware and
Maryland, are described in " Strout’s Spring List;”
5,‘to 1.000 aeres. $500 to $20,000; on easy terms. Cuts
show buildings on 80 of them. Some have stock,
tools and household furniture included. Mailed
FREE; write to-day. E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau st., New York City, or Tremont
Temple, Boston.

\AIC DAY CQ7 A \A/EEIf And expenses to men
1 1 L In I Owl H ?»LLl\ with rigs to Introduce
Poultry Compound. International ilfg.Co., Parsons, Kau.

EXCURSIONS

TO THE

Free Grant Lands

OF

WESTERN
CANADA

During the months of March and April
there will be excursions on the various
lines of railway to the Canadian West.

Hundreds of thousands of acres of the
best Wheat and Grazing Lands on the
Continent free to the settlers.

Adjoining lands may be purchased
from railway and land companies at
reasonable prices. For information as to
route, cost of transportation, etc., apply
to

THOS. DUNCAN

Canadian Govt. Agt., Syracuse, N. Y.
Mention this paper.

SAVE 20 CENTS PER SHEEP

Stewart’s Improved 1904
Sheep Shearing Machine »

The day of the old fashioned hand shears is past. No owner of V
10 sheep or more can afford to shear by hand, even though the
work be done for nothing. Don’t butcher your sheep, Shear
with machine and get one pound of wool extra per head. It will
more than cover the cost of shearing. Send today for valuable
book, “Hints on Shearing.” It is free and will save you money
CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO., 148 LaSalle Ave.

on every sheep

you shear with

PRICE

ONLY

12

.75

Chicago.

DoIiOACII .IP-A.T

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
.Planing, Lath and Com Mills; lour. Stroke Ha.v
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoacli Mill Mf g. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta,Ga-

AW MILL

NO CHANCE FOR MISTAKE
WHEN YOU BUY THIS RAKE

The cheapest farm implements are the kind that
last. Durability in a rake is necessary, especial¬
ly in the head, frame and wheels. This is
where the wear comes and this is where

The JOHNSTON

ALL STEEL RAKE

is particularly strong. There’s no wood to
shrink, split or get shaky— it’s all steel ex¬
cept tongue or shafts. Head and frame are
angle steel; wheels are steel with double
cast hubs and round staggered spokes: teeth are long, flat-pointed aud clean the ground
without scratching. A well balanced rake that is a pleasure to operate. Our special
rake folder tells why the Johnston costs less than the ordinary kind of rakes. It’s free.
Send for our 1905 catalog and see the Johnston line of farm implements that won the St.
Louis World’s Fair Grand Prize— highest award given. A postal card will bring it.
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., Box O-l , Batavia, New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

289

LAMBS FOR NEW YORK MARKET.

What sort of lamb is wanted for New York
market? What should he weigh? IIow
dressed? What mistakes are most often made
by shippers? In short, what should a farmer
do and what should he not do in order to
get most for his lambs?

The lamb question is a very difficult one to
handle, as many shippers cannot be con¬
vinced that they are not doing the right
thing. Select prime, fat stock only. In
dressing early in the season the lambs should
be cut open only to the breastbone, but as
the season advances, and the weather becomes
warmer it is best to cut down to the head.
The entrails should be taken out, leaving in
the haslet. The skin must be left, on, but
head and feet removed at all timesi to com¬
ply with a sanitary ordinance. The skin
should be taken off the hind legs half way
down, and the caul drawn over them, and
well down over the kidneys, securing it with
skewers; slit the caul just enough to allow
the kidneys to come through. Replace the
pelt over the legs, and be very careful about
putting in the back sets. These should be
just long enough to fasten one end under
the flank, and the other end in the breast
close to the first rib, having them cross just
behind the kidneys. Wrap the whole carcass
in clean, white muslin, then cover with bur¬
lap or bagging, and ship by express. Lambs
should not be handled too soon after killing,
and be sure that they are entirely free from
animal heat before wrapping and shipping.
Early lambs should weigh not less than .35
pounds to bring the extreme market price;
anything lighter than that sells accordingly,
but as tbe season advances buyers will de¬
mand heavier stock. There are many little
errors made by Iamb shippers that ought to
be corrected. A lamb should never be laid
down, but hung up. The pelts should be kept
clean while the lamb is alive, as the appear¬
ance on arrival here has everything to do
with its sale. Shippers should caution trans¬
portation companies to be more careful in the
handling of their lambs, as often they arrive
here badly bruised on account of being
thrown about. We consider it a good idea to
ship the lambs in open slat crates during tbe
warmer weather, that is, with strips of wood
between each lamb to allow for circulation,
and in order to save space, the lambs might
be laid alternately one above the other, the
feet of one to the head of the other. T>ate
Summer and Fall lambs will never sell as
Spring lambs. It is a mistake to expect high
returns because one's shipment consists of
lambs, as they will not sell to advantage un¬
less they are cared for as above described.
Buyers are very critical, and examine them
closely as to quality and weight. Care in
the growing and dressing of lambs will not
be wasted, as that alone will insure remuner¬
ative prices. The short, plump lamb always
sell better than the long, lanky one. Al¬
though the latter might weigh more than 35
pounds, it might, be lean and bony. Owing
to the severe weather we have had this Win¬
ter, lambs are unusually scarce, commanding
high prices, and we believe wtll continue to
do so throughout, the season. The best mar¬
ket days for lambs are Monday, Tuesday.
Wednesday and Thursday. They should not
be shipped to arrive, here on either Friday
or Saturday, as they will then have to be
carried over until the first of the next week,
and sold for a lower price, thereby hurting
the sale of fresh stock.

New York. archdeacon & co.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Beans. — The market is in a bad state, ar¬
rivals being heavy and demand small. Mar¬
row are scarcer than other sorts, and hence
price keeps well up. The best grades of pea
beans go at .$1.85 or under.

Strawberries. — Those arriving at present
show damage by rain, and anything under
fancy sells low.

Essential Oils. — Quotations on the more
common oils are asked and appear on the
market page. These figures are not what the
producer will receive, but include the profits
of handlers here. It is difficult to quote fair
first hand prices. The quality of the oils
varies and the price is a matter of negotia¬
tion. Samples are sent and buyers make bids
on this basis. Roots, herbs and similar
drugs are bought in the same way. Most of
them have to be worked over and made into
a commercially pure and uniform product be¬
fore being sold to the retailers.

Direct Sales. — '‘Would you advise me
whether the merchant whose card I enclose
is considered responsible? lie wishes me to
ship him produce, and I have no other way
of finding his reputation.” a. s.

New York.

The card states that this man is a ‘‘direct
receiver” of butter, eggs, cheese, etc. I find
that he has a small store on the East Side
and does quite a trade in the various goods
in demand in that section. He is at present
retailing what he calls best eggs at the whole¬
sale price for this grade now in the regular
market, and best butter a little under whole¬
sale. As he doubtless makes a fair profit on
both of these articles, it is hard to see how
he can give even “going” prices to the ship¬
per, if he should pay for the stuff at all.
This request for a “direct” shipment is at¬

tractive, and the plan is being carried out
successfully in many cases, but retailers of
the type mentioned above are better dealt
with through middlemen, who are here and
able to hold the buyer to his bargains. One
who ships eggs or butter to such a man direct
is entirely at his mercy. He can claim that
the stuff arrived in defective condition, dock
the shipper accordingly, and he has no re¬
dress. It costs something to handle and sell
produce in a large market, but the commis¬
sion paid a first-class receiver for this work
is usually money well invested. lie knows
the buyers and knows how to handle all
classes of buyers so as to get most for tbe
goods. He makes mistakes once in a while,
but in the long run the man who sells
through a first-class commission man will
make more than by sending direct to un¬
known retailers who may give an occasional
net above general sales, but more than make
it up in others. From the number of letters
received concerning small retailers who are
soliciting direct shipments it is evident that
these people are circularizing lists of country
names. We are glad to look up all such in¬
quiries and reply by letter, giving the facts
as they appear. A little investigation of a
man's store and methods of doing business
is often a better guide than his rating in any
commercial book. h.

“You can’t have genius without eccen¬
tricity.” “That may be so, but I’ve no¬
ticed that it’s possible to have a good
deal of eccentricity without much genius.”
— Chicago Record-Herald.

“Horace, dear, is there really such a
thing as a fool-killer?” “Now, if that’s
not like a silly woman ! How should I
know? I never saw one.” “Oh, that’s
evident !” — Cleveland Leader.

Strange (in Oklahoma) : “You don’t
have any sky-scrapers out here, do you?”
Sage-bush George : ''Don’t, eh ? Any one
o’ them shacks is liable to be a sky¬
scraper during the cyclone season !”• —
Puck.

onm tdv0000^

ruuL i if ijRjstsi

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
tbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— 5
)it’s our business. Call or let us send you;
)our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the
) asking — it's worth having. ,

>Excelsior Wire 3c Poultry Supply Co.,<

DDept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. f

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo<

Black Leghorns Best

Layers Large Whito Eggs in World. My
Choice Stock from Davis Prize Winners.
Settings during April $1.00 and $2.00
H. VanHORNE,

Cliffside Avenue, Upper Montclair, N. J.

S, C, White Leghorns

for business. J. R. WINN, Smith’s Basin, N. Y.

FOR SALK Fifteen Eggs $1, from my celebrated
S. O. B. Leghorns, noted for their great laying quali¬
ties. If you don't think the Brown Leghorns are the
best layers read the Business Hen. Address,

ARTHUR GATCHELL, Alton, Wayne Co,. N. Y.

rnne .Ca/p at Wc per setting. Se-

'*«*'** lected, 75c. Choice fine
laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Barred P. Rocks, R.
I. Reds, S. C. W. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Karin, Stanf ordville, N. Y.

WHITE W\’ANI)OTTE«, 400 layers, bred for
laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival guaran¬
teed. E. H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

White Wyandottes Only

Eggs $1 per setting; $4 per 100. C. A. Hall.Oak Hill.N.Y.

It saved his chickens
Pratts Powdered Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

White Plymouth Rocks fisshteeftrfiyingg8ss^:

$1 pei 15, $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, X. '

Partridge Plymouth Rocks

MADISON SQUARE WINNERS. Eggs, 13, $2.

Riverside Farm, Weston, N, J.

Cox’s Barred Rocks combine .quantity, quality and
utility. Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction
guaranteed. Kggsjjd pel* 15. J.W. Cox, NewWilmingtou, Pa.

GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE

of Standard bred |>otili rv for 1905, printed in colors,
fine fhromo, suitable for framing, illustrates and
describes 60 varieties. (Jives reasonable prices for
stock and eggs, tells all about poultry, their dis¬
eases, lico, etc. TIiIm book only 10 cent a*

B. H. CREIDER. RHEEMS, PA.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Couch Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

BLOOD WILL TELL.

It takes lots of vitality, nervous force and
strength to win a race. Blood must be
pure and good.

Without good red blood a man has a
weak heart and poor nerves. Thinness of
the blood, or anemia, is common in men
and young women, and all those who work
indoors, who do not get enough good ox¬
ygen in their lungs, consequently have too
many white blood corpuscles.

Keep the nerves nourished, the heart
strong, the head cool, the stomach vigorous,
the liver active with a tonic which has
stood the test of time and has a wide repu¬
tation, such as Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical
Discovery.

Tonies consisting of large portions of
alcohol, iron or coa liver oil, do not bring
the desired changes in the blood, because
they do not enter the system and are not
absorbed into the blood, with the excep¬
tion of the alcohol, which shrivels up the
red blood corpuscles when it does come in
contact with them. Therefore do not allow
the dealer to insult your intelligence by
telling you he has something better than
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery.

The cost of mailing only. "The People’s
Common Sense Medical Adviser,” 1008 large
pages, is sent free on receipt of twenty-one
one-cent stamps, for the paper - covered
book, or thirty -one stamps for the cloth-
bound volume. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce,
Buffalo, N. Y.

For constipation, the true, scientific cure
is Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets. Mild,
harmless, yet sure. No other pill can com¬
pare with them.

1- PLEASURE WITH BEES -1

A free booklet Is yours— also a free copy of Glean¬
ings in Bee. Culture. (6 months’ trial 25c.) They
tell how easily and safely bees are handled; how
pleasurable, fascinating and profitable bee-keep¬
ing is. Write now. Don’t wait. Late copy free.
A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO.

The 0RMAS—

& Brooders

Low

In price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FrttCatalog

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1 50 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked. $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New Yo;k City. 8C pens, 2,000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Stock and Es

K crepe; From Rose and Single
_ , _ „ “OO^ Comb Buff Leghorns.

Rose and S. C. and R. O. Buff Orpingtons, Barred P.
Rocks, White Wyandottes, Improved Chester White
Pigs. D. J. KENEPP, Mcveytown, Pa.

ONLY FINE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

on my place. Eggs, $1.00 for 15. or $4.00 for 100.

E. W. JENKINS, Dover. Delaware.

Valley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Ta. Bronze and Wild
Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

Incubator Chicks. White and Barred Plymouth
hocks only. Eggs for Hatching from Wyan’s, Rocks,
Legs, Game, Minorcas, Brahmas, Ducks andITurkeys.
Low prices. Pleasant View Farm, Seward, N. Y.

Young stock at farmers’ prices
till 13 mos. old, heifers all ages,
st Springfield, Pa., Erie Co.

preserving eggs. Endorsed
agricultural papers. Gallon can,
. Works, Middletown, Ct.

CHORTHORNS-

w next 30 days, B
L. R. Hotchkiss, We

Wafer Glass

foi

by

$1. Middlesex Chem

- **»*»^^ 1 All ivv/v rnio SIWJ

specialty; oggs _ for hatching. Yards beaded
Nucleus and his equal, winner at the great Roch
ter show in 1902. Few equals and none superii
15 eggs $2, .30 eggs $3.50; safe arrival guaranteed,

SIDNEY SPRAGUE, Falconer, New York

EASY and SURE PROFITS

...FROM THE...

Iowa ROUND Incubator.

Simple to operate. Cheapest in
fuel. Perfect heat regulation.
Largest per sent hatches. Healthier
chicks. Thousands testify to the
\jr~~ hatching qualities of these machines.

‘No Cold Corner*" Descriptive catalog FREE for asking.

IOWA INCUBATOR CO.. 391 Locust St„ Dos Moines, Iowa

Racine

Incubator

The simple, sure, dependable kind. Used by
thousands of successful poultrymen and women.

Our free Incubator
Book ells about them
— tells how to make
poultry pay. 23 years
experience. Don’t buy
until you read it. Ware¬
houses: Buffalo, Kansas

City, St. Paul. Address

Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87, Racine,

KALAMAZOO

hatches more and stronger chicks than any a*her
incubator. Least oil and least attention
of any. Best of all, it’s an

INCUBATOR

SOLD ON TIME

Not a cent of cost to start poultry raising. We
arrange payments to suit you. the machine
will pay for itself. Ask for our great offer.
Kalamazoo Brooders will raise your chicks.
Write to-day for full particulars.

REED MFG. CO.,

527 Main Street, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chic ks than any other or your money back.

_ _ Absolutely self regulating. Price $6.50

STRICTLY |^and up. Send for 212 page (8x11 inches) catalogue

-AirmUATir and poultry guido. Free, if you send us namofl off

\ ™ two blends interested In good poultry. Wrlto to

. THROUGHOUT ? CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

Buffalo. Heston, CMoago, Now Xork, Kansas City or San Francisco.

Best of all

That’s what users say about the great

PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders

Our illustrated catalog tells .why
they are best. It’s free. Write.

l’ralrle State Incubator Co.,
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

60 DAYS FREE TRIAL

That’s tho way wo sell the Success
Incubator. We give y ou an oppor¬
tunity of taking off two hatches
and thoroughly trying machine.
Send it back if not satisfactory.
Send for free, illustrated catalog.
AMERICAN BROODER CO.
Box 4hi Racine, Wis.

tell* how to make money

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. Howtomake
a profit on ducks. How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? W h y not try modern
methods this year?

Why not learn about incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
1867, and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free,

GEO. ERTEL CO..
Quincy, Ill.

$ I A.80 For
I £ 200 E
INCUBATOF

Perfect in construction
action. Hatches every fei
egg. Write for catalog to-<

GEO. H. STAHL* Quincy, Ill.

HATCH EVERY ECO USED

Will it do it? Ask our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, R. F. D. No. 1, New
Hartford', Ja. ; Mrs. Erlo Brack, Havonsville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving those

uiTsTJ??*- 30 DAYS’ TRIAL.

Buckeye Incubator Co.
*4.50 and *5.00 Box 33, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Mammoth Pekin Ducks’ Egg

$1 for 11; $7 per hundred. Also S. C. White Lo
lior"8’ Aneonas, S. U. Black Minorca. $1 for 13; $5 p
GEO. W. DeRIDDER, Ballstou Spa, N.

P

EKIN DUCK EGO

FOR HATCHING, PUKE WHITE DUC

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

JOHN H. Gambkr, R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster,

EGGS FOR HATCHING from Silver Penciled Wy¬
andottes, Rose Comb Buff Leghorns and Rose Comb
Brown Leghorns, $1 per setting.

A. S. BEEKMAN, South Branch, New Jersey.

p}GG& for Hatching. $1 for fifteen; $3 for 50; $5 for
KE- Stock as good as the best; each variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Ejjgs carefully packed; orders promptly filled. White
\\ yandottes; Buff and White Plymouth Rocks: R. C.
Brown, Rose and Single Comb White Legliorns;
Aneonas; Black and White Minorcas.

Otselic Farms, Whitney’s Point, N. Y.

Will Seal Eggs air tight; keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Best in world. You want
it. For detail write

R. E. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with

Wilson’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue.

WILSON BBOS., Sole Hfra., Wept. N Ea.ton.Pa.

Brooks’ Sure Cure

Brooks* Appliance. New
discovery. Wonderful. No
obnoxions springs or pads.
Automatic Air Cushions.
Binds and draws the broken
Darts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves.
No lymphol. No lies. Dur¬
able, cheap. Pat. Sept. 10, '01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.

BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box

FOR

965, MARSHALL, MICH.

So for 12 ; S10 f r 36, from Exhibition Matings.
82 for 2 ; $8 for 100 from Laying Matings.
Guaranteed to 1 ateh,

ELM POULTRY YARDS

Box Y. HARTFORD, CONN.

29o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 1,

l Woman and Home

From Day to Day.

TO KEEP A TRUE LENT.

Is this a fast — to keep
The larder lean
And clean

From fat of veals and sheep?

Is It to quit the dish
Of flesh, yet still
To fill

The platter high with fish?

Is It to fast an hour —

Or ragged go,

Or show

A downcast look and sour?

No! ’t is a fast to dole

Thy sheaf of wheat
And meat

Unto the hungry soul.

It is to fast from strife.

From old debate
And hate —

To circumcise thy life.

To show a heart grief-rent;

To starve thy sin,

Not bin —

And that's to keep thy Lent.

— Robert Herrick (Born 1501 ; date of death
unknown).

*

When tablecloth and napkins are hem¬
stitched the hemming goes all the way
around — not merely across the ends. The
width of the hem for napkins is one inch ;
for tablecloth 2]/2 inches. In hemstitch¬
ing the corners are left solid; the drawn
tlneads do not go across the corner, but
turn in at a right angle, leaving the hem
unbroken around the corner.

*

While a wrapper is very handy for a
“slip-on” garment, we think there is noth¬
ing so neat for a working dress as a shirt
waist and skirt. To keep skirt and waist
from parting company, sew four flat but¬
tons on the waist at the waist line, and
put four loops of hat elastic at the cor¬
responding places on the inside of the
skirt hand.

★

Wood alcohol will he a great help in
cleaning windows, especially in cold wea¬
ther. Moisten a sponge or cloth with the
alcohol, and rub the glass well, then polish
with a dry cloth. There is no smudging,
and the glass takes a high polish. Wood
alcohol is very cheap ; it must never he
forgotten, however, that it is a dangerous
poison if taken intei-.ally.

*

A common half-bushel basket, enam¬
eled white and lined with pretty chintz,
will make the most useful of work bas¬
kets for a housekeeper. It will hold a
whole week’s mending, with room to s’ip
in the ordinary small work basket on top.
This keeps all sewing materials just
where they are needed, without the
trouble of diving under a layer of worn
garments in search of darning cotton or
thimble.

*

To make peanut crackerjack, boil to¬
gether a cupful each of molasses and
brown sugar, a teaspoon ful of vinegar and
two of butter. When a little, dropped
into cold water, is brittle, add a cupful of
shelled, roasted and skinned peanuts, re¬
move at once from the fire, add a tea¬
spoonful (scant) of baking soda, beat
hard and pour into buttered pans. Well-
popped corn may be used in place of the
peanuts; the original crackerjack was
made with popcorn.

*

Silk coats are to be in vogue again
this Spring, but they are very different
from the shapeless garments popular
three years ago. The most novel in shape
are the long redingotes, pleated or shirred,
and tightly belted, which, with a skirt to
match, are a feature of handsome street
costumes. Taffeta and peau de soie are
the usual materials, prices ranging from
$15 to $45. The redingotes cost $21, in a
pleated or shirred style trimmed with
stitched straps. Later on similar coats
of pongee will again be popular Coats
of embroidered linen lined with India silk

are to be a Summer feature, many being of
all-over eyelet embroidery. They are
trimmed with frills of Valenciennes lace
on collar and cuffs. Cocardes formed of
several frills of lace surrounding a large
button mold covered with linen arc often
used to trim such coats.

*

“Lady lufkins’” form a very dainty des¬
sert. Make a very rich, flaky piecrust,
roll out very thin, cut into strips an inch
wide, and wind each strip around a tube
of metal -or heavy manila paper about two
inches wide; bake until crisp and brown.
This is the way in which bakers make
their cream rolls. When cold, fill each
roll with marmalade in the center and
cream at the ends. The odd name of
this pastry is possibly a corruption of the
old Saxon, meaning a little loaf.

*

A reader asks how to make a horse¬
radish sauce containing eggs, which is
served with roast beef. Probably the fob
lowing is the sauce desired : Three table¬
spoonfuls of horseradish grated fine, a
teaspoonful of sugar, one of vinegar or
lemon juice, and one of salt; half a tea¬
spoonful of dry mustard. Add two table¬
spoonfuls of water, bring to a boil, and
just before taking from the fire add the
beaten yolks of two eggs. Stir and serve
hot. The mustard may be omitted if de¬
sired. This is very nice with plain boiled
beef, or with pot roast that has been re¬
heated.

Breakfast and Tea Cakes.

Bread Sponge Muffins. — Late in the
evening set a sponge as for water bread,
allowing a pint of warm water for a dozen
muffins, a third of a cake of compressed
yeast and a pinch of salt. Mix the bat¬
ter a little thicker than for pancakes and
beat thoroughly. In the morning have
gem pans greased, and in cold weather
warm them ; pour* in the batter without
stirring, filling half full ; let them rise at
least an hour and bake in a hot oven.

Yeast Flannel Cakes. — Heat a half-pint
of sweet milk and into it put one heaping
tablespoon ful butter, let it melt, add a
half-pint cold milk and the well beaten
yolks of two eggs, a half-teaspoonful of salt
two tablespoonfuls homemade yeast, and
flour to make a stiff batter. Let rise in
a warm place over night. Before baking
add the beaten whites, which have been
kept in a cool place during the night. Be
sure to make batter stiff enough, as flour
must not be added after it has risen. These
cakes, half cornmeal and half wheat, are
very nice.

Jolly Boys. — One quart of cornmeal,
which has been scalded and cooled; one
pint of flour, two eggs, two teaspooonfuls
of baking powder, salt, enough milk to
make a thick batter. Can be cooked on a
griddle like pancakes or in deep lard like
fritters. Half quantity sufficient.

Rice Corn Dodgers. — One and one-half
cupfuls white cornmeal (if granulated it
should first be made into a mush and then
into a batter), a teaspoonful salt and one
of shortening, one and one-half cupful of
boiled rice. Mash the rice through the
meal. Now add gradually, stirring con¬
stantly, enough boiling water to make the
batter just thick enough to keep its shape
and not run. Grease gem irons ; put a
large spoonful in each. Bake in oven hot
enough to crust over quickly. Break open
(do not cut) in two layers. They will be
moist inside and crusty outside. Butter
while hot. Do not add sugar to the bat¬
ter; it makes them tough. The sweetness
in the meal should make them palatable.

Force Muffins. — One cup force food, one
and one-half cups of flour, three level tea-
poonfuls baking powder, one level table¬
spoonful sugar, one-half teaspoonful salt,
one tablespoonful melted butter, one full
cup milk, one egg. Mix together all the

dry ingredients, then add milk, melted but¬
ter and beaten yolk. Lastly add the white
of egg well beaten and force food. Place
in hot buttered muffin pans and bake in
hot oven.

Bran Gems. — Beat two eggs very light,
add half a tcaspoonful of salt, a table¬
spoonful of brown sugar and one and one-
half cupfuls of milk, then stir in a pint of
finely ground bran. Fill oiled gem pans
half full and bake in a hot oven 20 min¬
utes. These gems are advised in some
forms of indigestion, .where fine flour is
objectionable.

The Bookshelf.

The Eye, Mind, Energy and Matter,
by Chalmers Prentice, M. D. A readable
book of 130 pages, showing the relation
of eye strain and defective vision to many
nervous and physical ailments. Published
by the author, Chicago, Ill.

The New York Public School: Being
a History of Free Education in the City
of New York. This book, by A. Emer¬
son Palmer, secretary of the Board of
Education, is published by authority of
that board, and contains an introduction
by Seth Low. It marks the centenary of
the movement for free schools in New
York, which was inaugurated Feb. 19,
1805. It is interesting to learn that prac¬
tically the first free school opened in New
York City after the Revolution was es¬
tablished in 1787 by the Manumission So¬
ciety for the purpose of giving negroes
“the elements of education.” This was
followed in 1805 by the organization of
the Free School Society, under the presi¬
dency of De Witt Clinton, then mayor of
this city. In 1826 this society became the
Public School Society, and in 1842 the
first Board of Education was established,
but it was not until 1853 that the schools
of the Society were turned over to the
Board. The earliest schools in Manhat¬
tan and Surrounding were of course under
clerical supervision, and it is interesting
,to learn that the Flatbush schoolmaster,
in 1682, had to keep the church clean,
ring the bell, dig graves and convey fu¬
neral invitations in addition to his schol¬
astic duties, for which he was paid annu¬
ally 400 guilders in grain, as well as ex-
|tra perquisites. He would appear to have
an advantage over the Bushwick school¬
master, who in 1662, received his salary in
wampum. This book contains, in its 440
pages, an immense fund of information,
which will be valued by anyone interested
in our school system. Published by the
Macmillan Company, ivew York; price $1.

I am proud
of my lamp-
chimneys. I
put my name
on them.

Macbeth.

How to take care of lamps, including fhe
getting of right-shape chimneys, is in my
Index ; sent free.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

Badly Cheated

The man who buys poor
shaving soap. Give your
face its due. Use

WILLIAMS’ iHSvAM?

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18.

True heating
economy.

The home builder discredits
the best value of his property
at the very start unless he
puts in steam or hot water
A heating.

Amerkanx Ideal

Radiators ^Iboilers

bring a quicker transaction at
a higher price in the event of
sale or lease of the property.

Meanwhile they produce true heating

ne

com¬
fort for the owner, "protect the family health,
reduce his fuel bills, require no repairs, are
dustless, simpler to run than a parlor stove,
and they outlast the building.

Unlike stoves or hot-air furnaces, our Boilers
and Radiators are made upon the unit or sec¬
tional plan, so that if the
building is made larger, or
the rooms altered (65$ of all
buildings are rebuilt) extra
sections or parts may be
readily added or removed.

Hence, to buy IDEAL
Boilers and AMERICAN
Radiators is an investment
— not an expense.

Whether your building is
OLD or new, SMALL or
large, farm or city, send for
ourbooklet (free) “Heating
Investments Successful.”

I jfflERIGANgADTATORrOMPANY

Dept. 9. CHICAGO

cjjcjs

Invaluable to elderly people, Invalids, and
all who suffer from difficult breathing. Pre¬
vent dryness of the throat and air passages.

Imitations

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
'Our telephones are powerful, loud
talking and absolutely guaranteed

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden. Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO.,

350 Jefferson St., Milwaukee, Wis.

PAPER

YO JR
OWN

WALLS

is Tito Time

I to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you

I see our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and Ingrains at 5 to
112 1-2 cts. per roll. We *ave you 50 p.c. ; we defy compe- I

I I It ion- Write for our free nook of samples with complete
IlnstructloiiH for hanging your own paper.

JCONSUMKRS WALI- PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

1905

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

The garden will soon be workable, and
the boys look forward to helping me to
have it better than ever before. That is
one thing about a garden ; be it ever so
small, if yon really love it and enjoy
the work, yon will be planning ahead how
to improve it, and searching for some¬
thing new that will be useful as well as
ornamental.

Last year our tomatoes didn’t do well ;
they were to be an early variety, but the
fruit was small, and no earlier than other
folks who planted the common kinds. So
we didn’t get many canned, and I want to
do better this season, and have made a
little hotbed with the help of the boys,
who carried the manure and helped me
fork it into shape. There was an old
frame that answered, and I paid a car¬
penter to make a sash, doing the glazing
myself, 'the little plants are growing
nicely, and it seems to me that it is the
best plan to sow them rather thickly, for
where there is only a scattering it seems
harder for them to push through ; like a
crowd of children, they give each other
courage. So we water, and shade, and
air onr little plants, and they will soon
be ready to thin out into another little
frame that I mean to nail together with
a few bits of boards, and to make a cov¬
ering of bagging to protect them at night.
I hope that it may not be “counting
chickens before they are hatched,” but if
I can sell a few plants later, it will pay
for the seed and for our work.

It always seems nice to get the house¬
cleaning done early before gardening be¬
gins. The days of March and early April
are so long and cheerful that the sun
shines into all the dark corners, and we
can sec where the smoke and grime has
gathered. I bought a bottle of household
ammonia at the store, and it is the first
time we have used it. Minty says it
saves soap, and that I have not used
nearly so much as other years, but at any
rate, a little of it makes the dirt slip off
without so much hard rubbing, and leaves
the woodwork and windows fresh and
shining. I keep up the same plan that we
always have done in house-cleaning time;
begin at the top of the house and take
one room at a time. It is no wonder men
dread what the funny papers call “the
melancholy days” when the women turn
the house all upside down at once every
Spring and Fall, so that things are kept
in confusion. So we begin early and let
each room have its little day of scrubbing,
airing and renewing. For that is the way
with life — one day at a time, they never
crowd out of turn.

Long ago I persuaded Minty to let me
banish the rag carpets from the bedroom
floors, and gave them a coat of stain.
Then I spent one Winter making rugs
for each room, just as pretty as I could.
So when it comes to Spring cleaning there
are no heavy carpets to lift, and though
Minty declares that the floors are not so
warm, she has to admit that they do not
catch dirt and lint, and are much easier
to sweep. There is a fascination about
rug making, though mine are old-fash¬
ioned braided ones, but I have tried to
have the colors harmonize. How I wish
that I had a chance to see some of the
homemade art rugs that I have read
about. The best attempt I made was for
Minty as a gift, and it was a bit of loose
brown salt bag, cut the size and bleached-
Then I designed a pattern from a picture
I had seen, and filled it in with blue and
brown coarse yarn, done in cross stitch.
It was lined with the skirt of an old
brown woolen dress, and took quite a
while to make, and a good many odd mo¬
ments afterwards admiring it.

Mrs. Nason came over the other day
from their farm six miles north of here.
She stayed all day and chatted of things
of interest, and otherwise. I didn’t pay
much attention until when I was setting
the table she said :

“You know Sister Ann Collard takes
The R. N.-Y. now, and lends it to me, so
I read your little bits about us folks. I
shouldn’t think Minty would like it the
way you talk, and everybody knows when
you have pie for dinner. Now, if you
was of a retiring disposition you wouldn’
like to be telling the public all your af¬
fairs. Some folks wonder if you get all
3four big words out of the cyclopedia,
for j’ou never had much schooling, Char¬
ity.”

I gave an honest laugh; these little
neighborly thrusts do not hurt or trouble
me. I know there is a good heart beneath
and take them for what they are worth.

“There’s one thing,” she said, “I’m glad
there was a freeze down in Florida, for
the Hope Farm man was so set up about
the climate, and every time we had a pep¬
pering of snow my old man got as skit¬
tish as a colt, and vowed he’d sell out
and be off to an orange grove. Tt’s too
unsettling for people who are fixed and
can’t jaunt off when they take a notion.”

“Never mind, Mrs. Nason,” I said, “the
maple trees will soon be budding, and
we shall forget all about the Winter, and

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.,

29 1

get our innings as well as they, even if
we do wait a little longer.”

As I said the word “maples,” 1 remem'
bered having heard of a bit of woods only
a mile past the schoolhouse that was to
rent, and I intend to persuade Brother
to take it and let me help run it. I am
sure the outdoor life will be* good, to say
nothing of the sugar, and if he agrees I
will write the next letter from the camp

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

The Rural Patterns.

The pretty little girl’s dress shown con¬
sists of waist and skirt. The waist is
made with front and backs that are ful

4988 Girl’s Dress, 6 to 12 years.

and arranged over a fitted body lining,
which is faced to form the yoke when
high neck is used. The bertha is cut in
handkerchief style and made to outline
the yoke or to finish the low neck. The
short sleeves are puffs gathered into
bands and the long ones are in bishop
style. The skirt is straight, tucked at
its lower edge and gathered at the upper,
and is joined to the waist when lining is
used, to the belt that connects it with
the waist when lining is omitted. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size (10 years) is 6 yards 21, 5

4989 Jacket with Vest Front.

32 to 42 bust.

yards 27, or 4 yards 44 inches .wide with
2 yards of banding and Y yard of em¬
broidery for yoke and collar. The pat¬
tern 4988 is cut in sizes for girls of 6,
8, 10, and 12 years of age; price 10 cents.

Vest fronts are greatly in vogue this
season. Contrasting silks, embroideries
and Persian brocades are all used, but

nothing is more effective for such a sim¬
ple coat as the one illustrated than light-
colored broadcloth or pique. The jacket
is made with fronts that are cut in two
portions each, backs, side-backs and un¬
der-arm gores. The vest portions are
separate and are joined to the fronts,
which are turned back to form revers, a
collar finishing the neck. The sleeves are
full at the shoulders, plain at the wrists,
and can either be finished with roll-over
cuffs or stitched as shown in the back
view. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 4*4 yards 27, 2*4
yards 44 or 2 $£ yards 52 inches wide with
~Y\ yard any width for vest. The pattern
4989 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40
and 42-inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

Poor Cranberries. — I had some cran¬
berries, the last end of a barrel, which
looked as if about two-thirds of them
were good for nothing. I put them in a
pan and poured hot water over them.
The water was not boiling, for that would
have caused the berries to crack and lose
their juice. The hot water caused the
berries to swell, and the good ones were
plump and shiny. They were dipped out
with a skimmer and picked over. To my
surprise, there was but a very small hand¬
ful of poor ones in two quarts of berries.

_ S. B. R.

Make life a ministry of love and it will
always be worth living. — Browning.

Let us be thankful that our sorrow
lives in us as an indestructible force, only
changing its form and passing from pain
into sympathy — the one word which in¬
cludes all our best insight and our best
love. — George Eliot.

Cornish

PIANOS

AND

ORGANS

$25

FIRST

PAYMENT

Balance at your own
convenience

TWO YEARS’ CREDIT IF NEEDED

Simple as A B C to furnish your home with a beautiful High-
Grade Cornish Plano or Organ, on a plan of paymentarranged
to meet your convenience. Special terms. We can satisfy any

honest person and save
ono-half what agents
and dealers charge. Ev¬
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of our Factory prices and
CAn buy on any terms in
reason. We will ship any
Piano or Organ on 30
days' trial. Freight paid
— no money In ad¬
vance. Goods shipped
at our risk and safe delivery guaranteed. Payment commences
after one month’s use in your own home. We do not make or sell
cheap, trashy goods, but only the old reliable Cornish Pianos and
Organs— High Grade, First Class. Warranted for twenty-five years.

Distance * FREE

no objection.

W e ship
promptly
everywhere.

We have
250,000
satisfied
patrons.

If you want to
buy a first-class
Piano or Organ at
factory cost we
invite you to
write to us to-day
for our remark- ?
able collection of |
aids to
purchasers.

All these FREE If you write AT ONCE and mention this magazine.

prijr |J PCD VTT We make here in our own large and com¬
il EbItI klvl D Lll ■ ■ ■ plete Factories in beautiful Northern
New Jersey, the World Renowned Cornish American Pianos and
Organs. We employ hun¬
dreds of skilled mechan¬
ics, and we build and sell
at First Cost direct to the
general public the finest
Pianos and Organs in
America. You can't yet
a Cornish if you don’t
come to us direct, and if
you do we insure your
satisfaction by our iron-clad bond backed up by a Million Dol¬
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where— Oct the Cornish Plan First.

Washington, New Jersey

Established SO Years

1. The Beautiful
Cornish Album, a

marvel of printing,
color and design.

2 . A set of colored
and embossed Minia¬
ture Pianos and
Organs.

3. Our unique
registered refer¬
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recent purchasers’
names and ad¬
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that you know.

4. Our plan to
give every pur¬
chaser 06 FREE
music lessons —
the most success¬
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world.

$ I n first

9 I U PAYMENT

Balance 95 a month or
at your convenience

(ORNISH (0.

L

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 18.

SCOTT’S EMULSION

Scott’s Emulsion
Scott’s Emulsion
Scott’s Emulsion
Scott’s Emulsion
Scott's Emulsion
— the old story, told times
without number and repeated
over and over again for the
last thirty years. But it’s
always a welcome story to
those in need of strength and

nothing

m

health. There’s
the world that stops wasting
diseases as quickly as Scott’s
Emulsion.

We’ll send you a sample, free
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Tho Cheapest Root Ever Put On

A new rubber roofing that for wearing qualities
and cost cannot be equaled. Weather, rain, sun-
nroof-fire-resisting. Water runs off It like it does
from a duck’s back- that’s why it’s soak-proof.
That’s why it lasts for years-why it don’t shrivel
or warp, but instead, hardens and toughens like
iron. Roofing that absorbs moisture, whether
shingles or prepared material will soon give out;
the swelling and contracting causes ltto loosen
and rot. Tho sun draws out with the evaporating
moisture It’s very life - it’s wearing qualities-
leaving adead, tinder-llke substance that soon be¬
comes as easily soaked with moisture asablanket.
Atestof H. B. RUBBER ROOFING soon
proves It Is best while tho cost is very small.

$1 .25 Per Roll- 1 08 Square Peet

Just figure out what It would cost to cover the
roof of your house, barn, shed, or poultry house,
and then figure that It will outlast any other roof¬
ing and you’ll find It the cheapest roofing ever
put on. Can belaid over old shingles, the only tool
necessary is a hammer. Requires no painting and
does not taint the rain water. Suitable for any cll-
mate. Excellent for siding or lining purposes.
Kacn Roll contains nails, caps and cement sufli-
R* Comes i n three thicknesses. One-ply
91.25 two-ply 91.90 three-ply93.75per sqtiaro
of 108 sq. ft. SEND FO* BOOKLET ‘‘V” & FREE SAMPLES.
Harris Bros. LOOMIS & 35th. ST».*CHICAG0.

Wage Earners EfOU
Pay'You . . . O /U

825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

QUR LOANS are secured
^ by mortgages on suburban
homes owned by ambitious
wage-earners, paying all inter¬
est and part principal monthly.
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY, We put
them within your reach, paying
5 p. c. per annum on sums large
or small FROM DAY OF RE¬
CEIPT to date of with¬
drawal. Conservative In¬
vestors will appreciate a plan
affording all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings A LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, New York

BICYCLES ON TRIAL

for 10 days. We ship on ap¬
proval to anyone 'without a cent deposit.

1905 a $10 to *24

with Coaster-Brakes & Puncture-Proof Tires.

1908 & 1904 Models < -9 4^.

of best makes . " IO

SOO Second - Hand Wheels

All makes & Mod- $ Q $ 0

els good as new 0 tl# O
RIDER AGENTS WANTED in
each town at good pay. IVrite at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.
TIKES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept- tv go CHICAGO

THE NORTHWESTERN LINE.

One of the most interesting series of
articles on the subject of the great rail¬
ways of the country that has appeared
recently is that from the pen of Frank II.
Spearman recently published in the Satur¬
day Evening I’ost, and which has since
been printed in hook form by Scribners.
The chapter descriptive of the Chicago &
North-Western Ry. has been published by
the passenger department of that line in
pamphlet form for general distribution and
will he sent to any address on receipt of
2c. for postage. W. 15. Kniskern, 1*. T. M.,
Chicago.

STOP THAT COUGH

JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

292

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 1, 1905.

C "5

THE

M A F ° >

_ E3

FERTILIZERS.

THE OLDEST

AMERICA.

THE

IVIAPES COMPLETE MANURES

CO C7"

Contain the Highest Grade Materials and the Most
Soluble^ and Valuable Plant-Food Forms Known.

No 1 Pure Peruvian Guano Rectified (by our special treatment to improve its solubility, WITHOUT ACIDITY),
nitrate of potash, carbonate of potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc., etc Without knowledge of the sources
or character of the materials used in making a mixed fertilizer the chemist is unable to determine the plant food value of
th.6 ingredients, particularly organic nitrogen, phosphoric acid insoluble, and all forms of potash.

(From the American Agriculturist, March 18, 1905.)

High Grrade Fertilizers Cheapest.

Au empty wagon with a 100-pound bag of the highest grade of commercial fertilizer as a cnshion on the driver’s seat, will contain more soluble
and available plant food than 4000 pounds of stable manure of good average quality! In other woids, 100 pounds of high grade fertilizer contains
as much of the available elements of plant food as two tons ot good stable manure, and as much as three tons of farm yard manure distended with
straw, cornstalks and with more or less of its fertility leached away.

These remarkable facts can be put in another v ay : The amount of soluble and available plant food in one ton of high grade fertilizers like hlmes
Top Dresser, and in a ton of good farm manure, as follows : u mcphoricAdd. pot.„h.

2000 Pounds Top Dresser . 240 160 80

2000 Pounds Farm Manure . 3 to 4 5 5

It will be seen that the fertilizer is over 60 times stronger in soluble ammonia, 32 times in phosphoric acid, and 16 times in potash, allowing that
one half ot th phosphoric acid and potash contained in the manure is soluble and available, which is really too high.

Land at Rothamsted cropped with wheat continuously for 30 years averaged 36 bushels of grain and 48 cwt. of straw per acre per year on the
field which received a total of 6000 pounds per acre of nitrogen in the form of farm manure during this period, but the yield was fully as good where
only 2400 pounds per acre of nitrogen had been applied in the form of sulphate of ammonia. Thus 3600 pounds of nitrogen from the manure was lost
ia the air, or by leaching, or some of it was left in the soil but was unavailable for the crop. This was an average loss of nearly 120 pounds of nitrogen
per acre per year, a loss of say $16 to $20 an acre in each and every t eason for 30 years !

Hence the importance of soluble plant food which the crop can utilize T1 is is the portion so essential for fruit, vegetables, tobacco and other
special crops that require strong, vigorous growth-forcing. Especially is availability important on light soils, where the greatest danger is to be
apprehended from injudicious fertilization, yet these are the very soils that are best adapted for many of the crops mentioned, and when properly
fertilized, will yield large crops of such quality as to be peculiarly profitable.

The highest possible perfection of quality in flavor keeping power for shipment, and other attributes that go to make up perfection in tobacco
vegetables, etc , can also be obtained most certainly only by supplying the plants with food in the right foims and from ideal sources as in the highest
grade fertilizers, like Mapes.

IN SENDING FOR PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED.

Mapes

Formula ana

143 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

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GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

85to 30 per cent commission

Co get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spires, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. ( HABGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. ,New York

To Introduce

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A pimple, compact, easily handled tool —
plants corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
beet, turnip or onion seed, with or ■without
fertilizer, in hill or drill.

dot a Hew Planter, but New to Some People.

In sections where Th« Farmer’* Friend is not used
we will sell a few machines direct to user* at
wholesale prices. Write at once. The No. 4 Tiger
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made. Full information and prieeffsent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
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So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

85 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

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Teuiente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

BREECH LOADING SHOTGUN.

CCftin IIC eo OR and we will send you this
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agreement If you do not find it perfectly
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on your building and yon will never care how hard
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Free Sample on request.

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Cleveland Cincinnati St. Louis

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WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Buggy Wheel*, 8te«l Tire on, - $7.25

With fiubber Tire*, $15.00. I mfg. wheels % to 4 in#
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75; Harness, $3.60. Write for
catalog. Learn how to buy dir^t. Repair Wheel* $8.60.
Wagon Umbrella FUSE. W.R.BOOB, Cincinnati. 0.

A 50-ACRE CROP IN 40-ACRE TIME

can be harvested with Walter A. Wood harvesting machinery. The labor and time saving devices of 1904 have been further improved for 1905. We are
the oldest independent manufacturers of harvesting machinery in the world. If you want the best machinery, the kind that lasts, you need

WALTER A. WOOD MACHINERY

If you would know more about their Mowers, Binders, Reapers, Hay Tedders, Rakes, ask for the new catalog, which fully describes their cemplete line. The “New
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Repairs furnished for Walter A. Wood machinery of any date, no matter how ancient. Full stocks of various parts carried at all central points.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO.. Hoosick Falls. N. Y.

Vol. LX IV. No. 2880.

NEW YORK, APRIL 8, 1905.

$1 PER YEAR.

“CHEMICALS AND CLOVER " UP-TO-DATE.

Development of a Fertilizer Farm,

Part III.

Of course where wheat seeding follows potato har¬
vest it is necessary to grow an early variety of potatoes,
and dig and ship them as soon as they are fit. I have
questioned whether it would not pay Mr. Lewis better
to cut out the wheat crop, take more time to fit the
land, and sow grass seed alone as Mr. Clark, of Con¬
necticut, does, and cut it three times instead of twice.
Mr. Lewis prefers to sow wheat, both for the sake of
the grain and the straw. The figures given last week
show that the average income from the wheat crop for
the past five years was $358.84. Through one round
of the rotation, that is, a wheat crop on each of the five
fields, the total value was $1,779.23, or an average for
each of the 70 acres of
$25.40. During the same
period the total value of
the hay crop sold was
$3,343.65, or an average of
$23.88 per acre, which
means nearly two tons at
the prices obtained.

The wheat is drilled in
the usual manner after fit¬
ting the potato ground.

Timothy is seeded with the
wheat, and in the Spring
clover is broadcast on the
young wheat. Mr. Lewis
has had some curious ex¬
perience with clover. Some
years ago he was practi¬
cally sure to obtain a good
“catch” of clover, and it
grew magnificently. Then,
for some reason, the clo¬
ver failed, or grew but
feebly. As some Red sor¬
rel appeared, Mr. Lewis
concluded that the land
was sour, and he began
the use of lime, and also
added a pint of Alsike
clover seed to the amount
of Red clover seed used
on an acre. This addi¬
tional Alsike seed has
proved very useful. The
Alsike is more certain to
“catch,” and at haying
time the field is always
well covered with Alsike
blossoms. This practice may be recommended to all
farmers on heavy land. The use of lime helped for
a time, but in spite of it, the Red clover does not grow
as it should. The productive power of the soil never
was greater, yet the clover is “sick.” Before the ques¬
tion of bacteria was studied as it has been during the
past 10 years, this clover “sickness” was ascribed to
various causes. Now we understand that at least one
form of “clover sickness” is due to the weakness or
death of the bacteria which work on the roots of clover.

Cases are noted where these bacteria become so
feeble that they are of little help to the plant. This is

often found in rich soil, for where the clover plant is

abundantly supplied with nitrogen in the soil the bac¬
teria appear to grow weaker, and finally become of little
service to the clover crop. In such a case, when the
soil or the seed is inoculated with more vigorous bac¬
teria, the clover is often greatly helped. These two
things are of very great interest to a farmer. A

clover crop in rich soil is not unlike a boy brought

up amid easy conditions, so that he is under no obliga¬
tions to work or exert himself. He becomes lazy and

inert, spending his father’s property instead of adding
to it. In like manner, clover in rich soil uses mostly
the nitrogen within reach of its roots and takes less
and less of the nitrogen from the air. As this free
nitrogen is accumulated by the bacteria, through sheer
lack of work or exercise they become feeble and fail.
By inoculating the soil with stronger bacteria we may
be said to improve the “breed,” making it more effec¬
tive, as when we breed Jersey or Guernsey blood into
our dairy cows. Mr. Lewis hopes to try the experi¬
ment of inoculating the clover seed used on two or
three acres. He has been led to do this by his experi¬
ence with Alfalfa. ,

But what can Alfalfa have to do on a farm with a
definite rotation like this?

As we shall learn when we talk about the corn
crop, Mr. Lewis has a small dairy — about the limit

of one good milker. The cornstalks in silo and dry
shredded provide roughage for the cows. Mr. Lewis
says that if he can secure a fair acreage of Alfalfa he
will be nearly independent of the feed men, for Al¬
falfa hay and silage or stalks will make a balanced ration.
It will hardly be necessary to go off the farm for a full
milk ration, and there will be more clover hay to sell!
No wonder Mr. Lewis has tried in various ways to
start Alfalfa. We will let him give his experience in
his own words :

“Having established a small dairy in our system of
farming about four years since, we sowed one-half our
garden plot to Alfalfa. This plot was in a high state
of cultivation. The Alfalfa came up promptly and
grew well, as we were enabled to mow three times,
which we did as soon as it had reached the blossom
stage. The second year it had partly disappeared ; still
we were able to mow what was left three times as
before. The third year there was still less of the Al¬
falfa standing, yet we mowed what was left, as before.
Meantime, we were waiting for rotation to reach the
field we wanted to sow to Alfalfa after a corn crop.

Our first sowing in the field was May 1 two years since;
it came up nicely until the weeds and other grasses
began to take possession. We mowed off tops of weeds
three times, and at every mowing there appeared to be
less Alfalfa. In Spring we noted carefully the thin
condition, and concluded it was a failure. We plowed
it up, and sowed it to oats, growing a fine crop. Mean¬
time I was seeking information. I began to study the
application of the cultures to inoculate the soil with the
necessary bacteria. I learned through Prof. Voorhees,
of the N. J. Experiment Station, that he had sown the
year previous on three different occasions, and that
what he sowed about August 10 gave him the best
results. I also arranged to sow last year in August,
and did sow August 12. This sowing came up
promptly, and grew right off, vigorous and a dark,
healthy color, and reached a height of from 10 to

12 inches before the frost
cut it down. We found
upon digging up some
plants nodules on the
roots in abundance, en¬
couraging us to feel as¬
sured of a successful stand
the coming season.

“What brought about
this difference in the two
years’ sowing? I had
reached the conclusion this
plot must be inoculated.

I entered into a corre¬
spondence with Prof.
Voorhees, and lie kindly
tendered me any help he
could. He suggested we
lig up Alfalfa roots in the
garden plot. We did so;
while this garden plot had
been sown three years
there was no evidence of
any nodules, and the Pro¬
fessor kindly favored me
with inoculated soil from
the College Farm. Wher¬
ever we sowed this inocu¬
lated soil the plant has
wonderfully developed.
Where spots were missed
in applying the inoculated
soil the Alfalfa is a fail¬
ure. At this writing the
Alfalfa is looking all
right ; the plot we have
sown to Alfalfa is one
acre. We shall grow one
acre of potatoes adjoining and expect to sow that plot
during August. These two acres are near my barns,
handy for soiling our cows if necessary, which we have
purposed to do. I shall lime this acre, and treat it with
sulphate of potash and dissolved fine bone, after an
application of 1,200 pounds potato manure for potatoes.”

Here you will see the Alfalfa is to follow potatoes,
since that crop can be cleared from the land early, leaves
the soil rich from its heavy fertilizing, and also fine and
mellow from the thorough working the potatoes re¬
ceived. In spite of all that has been said there are
probably still many farmers who do not understand
what is meant by “nodules.” They are the little knots
or “warts” often seen growing on the roots of clover.
Alfalfa, peas, beans, and other plants which bear their
seed in large or small pods. These “nodules”
are really the houses or rooms in which millions of tiny
bacteria live and work. It is supposed that the bac¬
teria enter the plant through the tiny root hairs. The
nodules probably result from the growth which the root
makes as the result of the irritation of the bacteria.
Analyses of these nodules alone show that they often

294

April 8,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

contain seven or eight per cent of nitrogen, while other
parts of the plant will not contain over two per cent.
It is supposed that the bacteria store the nitrogen in
their own bodies and are, at a certain stage of their
development, dissolved by the plant and thus utilized as

TIIE MIRACLE PINK. Fig. 121.

See Ruralisms, Page 300.

plant food. While this wonderful work has been going
on for ages we are just beginning to understand it, so
that we may utilize the bacteria properly. h. w. c.

TESTS FOR ACID SOILS.

The best single test for determining soil acidity
which is capable of being used by persons upon their
own farms is that with blue litmus paper. Such, paper
can be bought of an apothecary at trifling cost. Strips
half an inch wide and two inches long are convenient
for making the tests. Care should be taken not to
handle the end of the paper that is to be inserted in
the soil, for if the fingers are moist they will redden
the paper so that it will appedY much as it does when
reddened by acid soil. The soil to be tested should then
be moistened sufficiently with water to make a thick
paste and should then be allowed to stand for half an
hour or longer. It may then be parted by the use of a
knife blade or other convenient instrument, and after
introducing one end of the litmus paper the soil should
be pressed against the sides of the paper. After from
half an hour to an hour the paper may be removed
from the soil, taking care not to tear it. After its
removal the paper may be dipped repeatedly in water
in order to wash off the adhering soil. If a distinct
red color has entirely taken the place of the original
blue color of the paper, it may be concluded that the
soil probably needs liming.

In the case of very red soils it is often better to
press the blue litmus paper against the soil than to
have it surrounded by it. If in such cases the blue
color of the paper disappears and gives place to a dis¬
tinct red one, acidity is indicated. This blue litmus-
paper test furnishes also a good means for testing for
acidity in subsoils, or soils very deficient in organic
matter, where the acid substances may be largely of
mineral origin. A good supplementary test, which is
applicable only in soils containing considerable humus,
is made by means of adding dilute ammonia water to
soils. Ammonia, too, can be bought of an apothecary
at slight expense. In making this test take two glasses,
place a level tablespoonful of soil in each, then add
water until the glasses are about two-thirds full. Now
add a tablespoonful of diluted ammonia water to one
of the glasses. Stir each with a different spoon or
knife. If, after standing some hours, the liquid in
the one to which the ammonia water was added has
become dark brown or black, it may be concluded that
acid humus was probably present and hence that lim¬
ing will prove helpful. [dr.] h. j. wheeler.

Rhode Island. _

GROWING DEWBERRIES IN IOWA.

Good Shippers for Distant Trade.

I have been fruiting and growing the Lucretia dew¬
berry for the past twelve years with very satisfactory
results. For three years previous to my planting I
visited a friend about 12 miles from me, who had one
acre in cultivation, and when I saw the wonderful
crops of berries each year I was fully satisfied to ven¬
ture into the cultivation. Does it pay to grow them in
connection with blackberries? I cultivated both for
10 years, but two years ago I plowed up my black¬
berries and planted last Spring two acres more of dew¬
berries. I find by experience the dewberry will stand
a very severe drought and give a cron of berries when
blackberries by their side on same ground will all dry
up on the bushes. This was so with me in 1900. Then
again, the blackberry is so very seedy, and the dew¬
berry almost free from seed, and has no hard core, and

always being large in size causes my customers to pre¬
fer paying nearly double the price over blackberries.
The past season I sold Lucrctias from $2.50 to $3 per
24-quart case, while blackberries sold from $1.25 to
$1.75 per 24-quart case. Owing to the difficulty of
selling blackberries since I grew dewberries I have
quit growing them. Another advantage is they ripen
fully two weeks before blackberries, and the bulk is
marketed before blackberries come. Again, thev are
firmer to ship ; although double the size they do not
“muss up” so easily. For canning, everybody here,
after several years of test, says: “Give me the dew¬
berries regardless of the price, for they are almost
seedless, and remain whole when canned.”

There are several varieties of dewberries, but the old
Lucretia stands at the head. There is now a new dew¬
berry which is called the Premo. I have fruited it two
years; it is about equal to the Lucretia, and the only
advantage it has over the Lucretia is it is one week
earlier, which gives us early berries and good prices.
I now plant in rows six feet apart with plants five feet
apart in rows. I plant a row of potatoes the first
year between the dewberry rows. I cultivate as often
as is necessary to keep clean of weeds, with a one-
horse cultivator, and I always go the same way. By
doing so the cultivator will straighten the vines all
out in a straight, narrow row. Now bear this in mind ;
if you do not cultivate the vines will run all over the
ground, but the cultivator will keep the ground clean
and the vines in a narrow, straight row. The first
year after planting I drive small stakes in the rows

A PROLIFIC LUCRETIA DEWBERRY. Fig. 122.

about every 20 feet two feet high, and staple a wire on
top; then trim the canes to about from 3 ]/2 to four
feet in length, and tie to wire, or the canes may be left
a little longer and laid over the wire. The main ob¬
ject is to have the bearing wood above the new growth.
If no wire is used then the bearing vines and the new
vines are all mixed up together, but if bearing wood
is above the new growth you will easily see the fruit
can be much easier gathered. As soon as the fruit ripens
the old canes die and dry up; the new growth is trail¬
ing on the ground for the next crop, and the culti¬
vator will keep the vines all in a straight row. Then
the next Spring trim and place on wire, and continue
the same with cultivator. I have at present time some
rows 10 years old that will fruit for several years yet.
As to their yield with the blackberry, perhaps this
will outyield in bulk of berries in a good season, but
'should the season be a little short of rain then the
dewberry will be far ahead. I will give you the yield
for the past three years on two acres. This two-acre
piece has rows seven feet apart. I have in every other
row, every 1G feet, a peach tree, growing 285 trees. In
1902 we picked 4,340 quarts, sold at $2.75 per 24-quart
crate; total $475. In 1903 picked 3,G40 quarts, sold for
$375. In 1904 I thought my vines were almost ruined
by the severe cold Winter, but was happily disap¬
pointed; we picked 3,110 quarts, sold for $322. I ship
a good many berries to northwest Iowa, from 150 to
200 miles, and for the past five years have been sending
berries by express almost every day in berry time to a
groceryman at White Lake, S. D., 5G0 miles west, with
success. I simply mention this to show you the dew¬
berry is a good shipper. My location is centra] eastern
Iowa, on the banks of the Mississippi River. Fig. 122
shows how Lucretia fruits. geo. l. gast.

UTILIZING A VILLAGE LOT.

I note on page 177 artiele on kitchen garden, and am of
same opinion as our friend ••Villager.” I have an acre' of
land in New Jersey on which I would like to raise poultry
and have enough left for my garden. Could I raise enough
garden truck on one acre for a family of three for the year,
and keep 200 hens for eggs for tile market? Will a Summer
run of 15 x 50 feet, he enough for 25 hens? Will they get
exercise enough ? h. t. p.

The possible income from an acre of land or 200
hens is quite large, but of course much depends on the
quality of the land and fowls, and the experience of the
owner. The income per acre from some intensively
worked land in parts of Long Island and New Jersey
is surprising, yet a man with little garden or hen prac¬
tice might be still more astonished at the amount of
money,, time and labor he could invest in hens and gar¬
dening with no adequate returns. Insects <?r fungi may
destroy his garden stuff, or, without any visible reason
it may refuse to grow. Eggs may not hatch well and
hens loaf around eating high-priced grain when 'they
should be laying. Yet there is no good reason why-
one should not work into moderate success in both these
lines by moving along carefully and keeping a close
watch of results. Success with poultry will cost less
if one starts with 50 hens, gradually increasing as re¬
sults and experience warrant. The size of run men¬
tioned — 15 x 50 feet — will do very well for 25 hens, but
having no free range they will need plenty of green
stuff, and shade in Summer, unless the pen is in a
very airy place. If you have not had much experience
in gardening it might be well to take a small piece,
say 40 x GO, for beans, peas, tomatoes and similar small
vegetables and use the remainder of the land for some
staple crop, like potatoes, quite easily grown and the
surplus readily salable. Plant beets, turnips and cab¬
bage for Winter hen feed and sow a succession of
small pieces to coarse-growing lettuce to throw in the
yards with weeds and grass. h.

KILLING THE CANADA THISTLE.

The Canada thistle is becoming one of the most
troublesome of the noxious weeds that annoy Illinois
farmers, and I noticed recently in an agricultural paper
that they are a great nuisance in the Middle and New
England States. It was also stated that this thistle
is very hard to eradicate in the East ; therefore a west¬
erner’s experience may prove profitable to some of your
readers. The Canada thistle propagates chiefly by
means of rootstocks which push through the soil. These
have latent buds at intervals, and these buds will pro¬
duce when broken by the plow any time during the
growing season. The plow will carry them to other
portions of the field. This weed appears to be less
able to resist attacks after the blossoming period than
earlier; therefore after that season I secure a sharp
hoe and cut the thistles off just below the surface of
the ground. A few plants will be likely to show up
the next season, but two or three cuttings will finish
them for good — at least this has been my experience

In large areas where surface cutting with a hoe
would not be practicable they, may be destroyed by
mowing off the thistles and throwing salt on the:
ground where they grew. I have seen a neighbor de¬
stroy a 10-acre field of thistles in this manner in two>
years. A year after I heard a farmers’ institute lec¬
turer tell his audience to laugh at anyone who told1
them to “kill thistles by putting salt on to them.” As:
the rootstocks of the thistle are underground the ten¬
dency of the roots to grow when cut from above may¬
be destroyed, and it may be this cause and not the salt
that was the cause of my neighbor’s success. At any
rate he got rid of the thistles. I have destroyed thistles:

NEW HYBRID PINK, SWEET WILLIAM X CHINESE PINK.
Fig. 123. See Ruralisms, Page 300.

and burdocks by the bare fallow and pasturing the in¬
fested land with a flock of sheep. The sheep destroy
the tender .shoots. This would involve the growing
of a succession of pasture crops for two or three years,
and this has proved the easiest way of fighting noxious
weeds in my experience. w. d. s.

1!>05.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

295

UP-TO-DATE FACTS ABOUT PECANS.

A Growing Industry in the South.

the HOME OF 1 HE NUT. — To those who live in
the Southern States, and those who think of living
there, pecan growing and all that pertains to it is of
special interest. Many who live far to the north show
a desire to grow the pecan, although they may be out
of the territory suited to it. Pecan trees are only found
in the wild state in North America, and have rarely
been planted elsewhere, even in arboretums. Indeed,
it is doubtful if this nut can be produced profitably in
other parts of the world, and if this be true it leaves
us Americans in control of the business. Naturally the
pecan grows along the Mississippi River and its tribu¬
taries, on the bottom lands, as far north as central
Iowa, but the lower part of that region, especially from
St. Louis southward to the Gulf of Mexico, is its real
home. There is a marked difference in the hardiness
of the trees. There is also a corresponding difference
in the size of the nuts, ranging from almost half an
ounce in weight near the Gulf to less than one-fourth
as much at the North. Not all of the pecans in the
South are large, for many of them are very small, but
the very large ones are all grown there, and perhaps
always will be, for the trees that have produced them
so far are tender north of the Gulf States. It may be
that the experiments now under way will result in
discovering or developing varieties that will be hardy,
in tree and having large and thin-shelled nuts, but until
then let no one expect to succeed in growing really
valuable pecans north of St. Louis at the farthest, and
at present the line of suc¬
cess is not far north of
Memphis, Tennessee.

• FERTILITY AND
MOISTURE.— The pecan
is a native of the richest
river and creek bottom
lands in America, and
there is where it does best
under cultivation. By
means of manuring and
good tillage it is possible
to obtain profitable crops
of pecans on ordinary up¬
lands, and even on poor
sandy lands, but the ex¬
pense is very much great¬
er, and the profits far less
certain than where the
soil and subsoil are nat¬
urally suitable. The pecan
tree not only flourishes in
rich soil, but there should
be water within reach of
its deep roots, to make
sure of the nuts filling
well. It is the plump ker¬
nels and not the poorly
filled shells that we must
have.

BUDDING AND
GRAFTING. — Wild pe¬
can trees of almost any
size may be budded or
grafted in the top by a
skillful operator who un¬
derstands the peculiarities
of the business. It is better, if not quite necessary, to
cut back the large branches, and after a year or two
of growth on the sprouts bud or graft them. Budding
by the patch method has so far been better than, any
other way of retopping pecan trees. It can be done
by holding back the scions in the Spring, by refrigera¬
tion until the bark will peel on the stocks, or in the
ordinary budding season in late Summer. The varia¬
tions of seedling pecans are so great, and from the
choice nuts almost universally so backward, that it is
unwise to risk planting an orchard of them, no matter
how good the parentage. The nuts are not only in¬
ferior, but the trees are usually tardy and scanty in
their bearing. Budded or grafted trees are the only
sure ones to depend upon for abundant crops of good
nuts. They may be bought from nurseries and planted
in orchard form or grown on the farm. For the aver¬
age planter the former is the better plan. Or, nuts
can be planted where the trees are to stand, and the
seedlings budded or grafted there. This is apt to result
in an irregular and unsatisfactory stand, but by great
care and perseverance it can be fairly well done. There
need be no fear of pecan trees failing to grow and bear
well that have had their tap roots cut back in trans¬
planting. There are plenty of examples to warrant this
conclusion.

PLAN I ING THE GROVE. — The proper distance
apart to plant pecan trees in rich soil is not less than
50 feet, and 75 or even 100 feet is better. Their tops
will interfere at 50 feet apart in about 20 years, if the
trees are given proper treatment, when it will be nec¬

essary to cut down a part of the trees or allow them
seriously and permanently to injure each other. At
75 feet apart they will not interfere for many years, but
at 100 feet they will rarely be too close at full maturity.
The pecan, like all other trees that bear fruit or nuts,
requires plenty of air space for the development of the
lower branches. If they do not have direct sunlight on
all sides the foliage will be scant and the branches be¬
come dwarfed and assume an upward tendency, instead
of being nearly horizontal, as they should be. A pecan
tree should in no case be forced to take on forest pro¬
portions. Nuts and not wood is the desired result. On
poor land the distance apart for the trees should be
less than that just mentioned, for they will not grow
so fast, nor live so long as those on rich land. A pecan
tree should be ■ in its prime at 50 years from planting.
The height above ground at which the head should be
formed is generally thought by experienced growers
to be from six to eight feet. This will give ample room
under the branches, but none too much, if the trees are
given proper treatment otherwise. Some of the largest
trees are found near the northern limit of growth.

VARIETIES. — The all-important matter of safe and
well-tested varieties can be stated in fewer words than
many suppose, and than some who have new varieties
to push will approve. Some of these latter varieties
may eventually prove to be better than those I may
name, but it will take time to prove it either way. It
is only safe to depend on the actual performance of the
trees under varied conditions within the pecan area,
and for as long as 10 years. The nut must be good in
every way and the tree productive and healthy. Stuart

stands first on the list. All things considered, it is the
best pecan that has been well tested. It is one of the
largest, thinnest-shelled, best-filled, easiest to extract
from the shell and richest in flavor of all pecans. Its
oblong form is very desirable. The tree is well formed,
healthy, and, above all things else, it bears regularly
and abundantly. Van Deman is next in rank, of the
well-tested kinds. It does not always fill out the ker¬
nel fully, but with this exception it is quite equal to
Stuart in every respect. Russell is of medium size, de¬
cidedly oval in shape, thin-shelled and good in every
respect, except that there arc many dark specks on the
shell, which are somewhat objectionable. Pabst has not
been widely tested, but gives promise of being one of
the very good pecans. The shell is not quite so thin
as that of those already mentioned. Moneymaker has
only been tested a few years, except in case of the orig¬
inal tree, which is 20 years old. It began to bear at
an early age, and has continued to bear heavy crops
almost every year since. I have seen it several times,
and always well loaded with nuts except once ; also
younger trees. They are almost equal to the largest in
size, roundish ovate in shape, thin-shelled, kernel plump,
and comes out of shell easily. The quality is good
but not best. The tree is spreading, the wood very
tough, and is propagated more easily than most vari¬
eties. The nuts ripen very early, which is of great
importance for the northern sections. For general mar¬
ket purposes Moneymaker is one of the best pecans to
plant. l'here are other choice varieties that have not
been tested many years, but are of excellent quality of

nuts, and bear well so far as tried. Among these are
Schley, Gregg, Georgia Giant, Alley and the Jacocks
seedlings. Among the older varieties are some that
have proved to be of little value. The most prominent
of these is Rome, which is more commonly known as
Columbian, Pride of the Coast, and Twentieth Century.
It is a very large nut, but rarely fills well, is of very
poor quality, and, worst af all, the tree is a very poor
bearer. I his variety should not be planted by anyone.
Centennial is a large, thin-shelled nut, but the kernel is
not always plump, nor does the tree bear well. These
facts have been gathered from experience, many years
of careful observation in the pecan country, and a
special study of the subject. h. e. van deman.

THE BEST WATER TANK.

In answer to Z. C. B., page 224, in regards to tanks,
the best wood tank is cypress, the next is White pine.
Both are expensive, and both woods will flavor and
spoil water for drinking. I have the best galvanized
iron tank, that I have only used for five years, and that
is nearly used up with rust, so much to I have had
to have it repaired. If Z. C. B. has a small hill or
raise of ground not too far from his well, let him
put in a good cistern in the ground, well cemented, put
a windmill over or near his well, and pump his water
to cistern, and then run by gravity to house, or where
he wants it. It will not cost one-half what the gaso¬
line engine and wooden tank will, and with care will
last many years with light cost. I have a Dandy wind¬
mill that has run 10 years; has cost me only 50 cents

for repairs. I have an¬
other make that has cost
me 10 times what the
Dandy has for same time.
If I were in Z.' C. B.’s
place, and I could find or
dig a well on high enough
land and get a decent vein
of water, and run this
water to where wanted, it
will beat all the pumping
engines or mills ever
made. A man can afford
to go to three times the
expense at first to get
running water. Then in
regards to piping water,
a good lead pipe will last
five times as long as iron.
In some water iron pipe
will last from 10 to 15
years. I have had black
iron pipe rust solid' in
three years ; in the same
water I had galvanized
iron to rust full in five
years, but according to
my experience the life of
either iron or galvanized
pipe is from 8 to 10 years.
I hope to hear from
others, wm. h. hallock.
Orange Co., N. Y.

I have a 40-barrel tank,
water used for house use.
First I got a galvanized
iron tank at considerable
cost. In a year or two it began to leak a little. I had
it repaired; it soon leaked again. I had it repaired
every few months for about five years, when it gave
out entirely Then I got a wooden tank of cypress,
holding 40 barrels for less money than the iron tank.
I have now had the wooden tank over 20 years, and it
is still good. Water never tasted of the wood. The
tank is in an enclosed building, and is 10 or 12 feet
from the ground. n. h. albaugh.

Ohio.

Having had a large experience with this class of
work, would recommend wood. White pine or cedar, free
from knots and sap. Erect it so it will have air space
underneath and paint. If I wished an extra good job
I would pitch it over on inside with pitch, such as
used on boats, after calking with oakum. Iron or steel
tanks have to be painted on inside, and sooner or later
will rust and corrode, and will need repairing, which
will make the water taste for some time, and be¬
sides, water will be more or less rusty. r. h. w.

Kingston, N. Y.

In June, 1901, I erected a tower with a cypress tank
of 6,000 gallons capacity on top of it, and never does
my family remember the water tasting of the wood.
I think galvanized iron tank would be all right, if you
could get galvanized iron, but if you got a galvanized
tank it would be steel, and it would give you trouble
sooner or later. h. p. lee.

What makes the best tank? Our experience is, a
wooden tank lined with sheet copper. Of course the
wood part need not be watertight, but must be of suffi¬
cient strength to hold and support the weight of water.
We have one so constructed; it has been in use since
the sixties, and no leak yet, p. w. i.

Connecticut.

“WHO WILL CARE FOR MOTHER NOW?” Fig. 124.

296

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 8,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to In¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether It Is not answered In
our ^advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Propagating the Barberry.

S. E. M., Hartford, Conn. — Can you give
me any information regarding the propaga¬
tion of the barberry? If from seed, when
and how to sow ; if from cuttings, how
made?

Ans. — Barberries can be grown both
from seeds and old wood cuttings. The
fruit may be picked at any time during
cool weather and seeds rubbed out under
water. They may be planted in Novem¬
ber in seed beds in a sheltered place, sow¬
ing them thickly in rows eight or 10
inches apart. Or, if more convenient,
they may be mixed in moist sand, placed
in a box and kept over Winter in some
cool place where they will not dry out.
Slight freezing will not hurt them when
thus stratified. In the Spring sand and
seeds can be sown in the same manner in
rows or in seed beds as in the Fall. They
will be ready to transplant to nursery rows
in two or three years. Most species may
also be propagated from short cuttings
two or three inches long, of wood one or
two years old, and rooted in moist sand
under glass, or in very gentle hotbeds, in
the usual manner of nursery propagation
of similar cuttings.

Harlequin Bug on Cabbage.

J. A. B., Jackson, ito. — AVhat Is the Insect
that troubled my late cabbage last season,
and what can I do to keep them off? They
are a small round black bug with yellow and
red specks. They do not eat the foliage, but
suck the sap out of the leaves, and in a short
time the leaves wilt and then rot. Arsenltes
do no good.

Ans. — The insect troubling your cab¬
bage is most likely the Harlequin bug, a
particularly troublesome pest in Southern
States. This insect cannot be killed with
the ordinary poisons, as it sucks the juice
from the cabbage leaves with its beak, and
does not eat the tissue. The most suc¬
cessful treatment is thoroughly to spray
the plants as soon as the pest is noticed
with kerosene emulsion, made in the fol¬
lowing manner: Hard soap, one-half
pound; kerosene, two gallons; boiling soft
water, one gallon. Dissolve soap in the
boiling water, add kerosene and churn
hard for five or 10 minutes until creamy.
Dilute just before using with eight to 10
times as *nuch hot soft or rain water. Put
on with a spray pump or whisk broom.
It must be understood that only those in¬
sects actually hit with the emulsion are
likely to be killed. Persistent spraying
with oily emulsions of this kind has
proved quite successful. Another plan to
control the pest is to sow mustard or
other quick-growing members of the cab¬
bage family in rows, nearby as a trap crop.
The Harlequin bug is rather more partial
to mustard than to cabbage, and will go
to it in preference to the latter. The mus¬
tard may th'en be sprayed in a similar
manner to the cabbage, or cut and burned
or fed to hogs, thus destroying the insect
entirely.

A Hedge of Roses.

M. E. C., Trumansburp, N. Y. — How close
should the plants he set In making a hedge of
Rugosa roses? What varieties among the
hybrids would be most desirable? Would it
be difficult to propagate the plants from cut¬
tings (for an amateur) ? What treatment,
cutting back, fertilizing, etc., would such a
hedge require?

Ans. — Rugosa roses for hedging should
be set about 20 inches apart. Most Ru-
gosas sucker freely and will soon fill up
a space even larger than this, but the best
effect has been had when planted as above
directed. The best hybrid varieties to
date, according to our experience, are as
follows: Blanc Double de Courbet, white;
Souvenir de Pierre Leperdrieux, crim¬
son; Mme. Georges Bruant, white; New
Century, light pink; Sir Thos. Lipton,
white; Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, deep
pink. Rugosa roses and their hybrids are
generally quite difficult to propagate from

cuttings, but may be increased rapidly
from suckers or layers. For propagating
by layers It is a good thing to plant out
four or five feet apart in very rich soil.
At the end of the second year the soil
should be heaped up in the middle of
the plant a foot or 18 inches deep to sur¬
round all the branches and suckers. By
Fall the next year most of the branches
will have thrown out roots and the clumps
may be torn apart and the individual
plants planted where needed. When Ru-
gosas are planted for a hedge a trench at
least two feet wide and deep should be
dug and filled with good soil, in which the
plants may be set 20 inches apart as above
directed. A liberal mulch of stable ma¬
nure for the first two or three seasons
will be of very great help. After that
only occasional fertilizing. with stable ma¬
nure or chemical fertilizers will be need¬
ed. 1 he ground should be well cultivated,
and kept mellow until the plants have
taken thorough possession of the soil.
Very little trimming is needed, only an
occasional cutting back of the stronger
shoots, and a thinning out during the
Winter of the older canes every other
year. The Rugosa looks best when
grown very much in its own way.

Sulphate of Iron as Fertilizer.

F. J. F., Almond, M'iin. — I enclose a circular
that is being sent over this locality regard¬
ing sulphate of iron as a fertilizer. AVhat is
it worth? Is it as valuable as they claim?
Can a farmer^afford to pay $20 a ton for it?

Ans. — Sulphate of iron cannot be re¬
garded as a fertilizer in a strict sense, for
it does not contain ingredients that are
likely to be lacking in most soils. Sul¬
phate of iron is not a constituent that
is required in large quantities by plants.
An application of sulphate of iron may be
of considerable service if applied, first,
upon soils deficient in iron, as very light
sands or heavy clays, or on soils where
the iron is in a form that is not largely
obtained by plants. Sulphate of iron is
likely to be of service on old meadows in
disposing of moss and other growths that
are not beneficial or desirable with the
growth of true grass. In recent years this
substance has been recommended for the
destruction of weeds and as a disinfectant
in barns and stables, and is probably as
good as any other sold for that purpose.
Whether it is worth $20 a ton as com¬
pared with plaster or kainit would have
to be determined by testing it. Its indi¬
rect effect would probably, in many in¬
stances, serve as well as plaster, but it
could not take the place of kainit, for it
does not furnish the essential fertilizer
ingredients. The only author that I know
of who recommends sulphate of iron is
A. B. Griffiths, in his “A Treatise on
Manures,” published in 1889. He says:
“A fairly large proportion of soluble iron
in a soil is favorable to the growth of
plants developing a large amount of
chlorophyll.” He also claims, “some soils
are certainly deficient in soluble iron, and
no amount of nitrates, ammonia salts, etc.,
will replace this ingredient.”

New Jersey Station. e. b. voorhees.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY

PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

NONE BETTER THAN

FAIR VIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Farm, Hol¬
land Patent, N. Y.

Select Apple Trees

A hundred varieties, half a million
strong rooted, shapely and

health, read/ for planting. Sum-
fall and winter applet. We dig and
to secure arrival in perfect condition,
our low prices. Get free catalogue.
Harrison’s Nurseries, Bx 29, Berlin, Md.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 000 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Peach and other fruit trees. 200,000 Cal. Privet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes.
Crown Jewel and Early Rose. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK. Hightstown, N. J.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 — [, Rochester, N.Y.

EUablithtd X81fl.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage PlaDts are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price List.

J. E. HUTTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

and other fruit trees at wholesale
prices. Circular free.

R, S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley , Del.

Willowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stay man, Nero. Lankford and others of the best, late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berberis Tliunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
KAKESTKAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Penna.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

100,000 PEACH

Five sizes, 1 foot up, including 20,000 EL-
BERTA. Price away down.

15,000 JAPAN PLUM

Five sizes, 3 feet up: Abundance, America,
Apple, Bartlett, October Purple, Climax, Chaleo,
Red June, Satsuma and Wickson.

50,000 APPLE

Four sizes, 3 feet up. Leading kinds.

15,000 CHERRY

Four sizes, 3 feet up. SWEET: Tartarian,
Schmidt, Napoleon, Governor Woo J, Dow. er, Y.
Spanish and Windsor.

SOUR: Montmorency, Ea. Richmond, Dye-
house, May Duke, Olivet and English Morello.

FINE QUALITY SEED.

All Recleaned and Tested. Special Prices to Far¬
mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy, Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, Redtop, Kentucky Blue-Grass, German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats: Learning. Pride of the North, Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and all kinds of Flint and Sweet Corn: all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape,
Onion Seed. 8^" Implements for Farm, Garden and
Lawn. Catalogue free. CHAS. F . SAUL, 220-224
James Street, Syracuse, New York.

CrCnO — I offer Seeds of SUPERIOR quality
\rrllA at money-saving price— order now.
UbkUU New White Waverly Seed Oats yield
over 80 bushels to the acre in thiscounty, $1.25 per bu.;
Timothy. Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, 2 or 6-rowed Barley, Beardless Barley, Iowa
Gold Mine Corn, Cream of Ensilage Corn. Learning
or Pride of the North Corn, Spring Rye, Spring Wheat,
Field Corn, Yellow or White, Sweet Corn, Golden Mil¬
let, Hungarian, at very reasonable prices: Early Seed
Potatoes, 75c.; Champion Peas, $2.50; Potato Planters,
$2; Field Peas, $1.50; Mangel Beet, 20c.; Calf-Weaners,
30c.; Cow-Weaners, 50c.; Cahoon Seed-Sowers, $1.50;
Stock Labels, $4.50 per 100; Sheep Dip, 50c. per pkt.
Everything for the farm, garden ana lawn. Cata¬
logue free. Established nearly forty years.

F. A. EBLiING-, Syracuse. New York
Wholesale and Retail Dealer and Importer.

GARDEN, Field and
Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring Barley, Blue
Grass. Orchard Grass,
Bed Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, and Oats In car
lots track your station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.
115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

Dibble’s Seed Potatoes

[NORTHERN Grown, Vigorous, Productive. All the
new and standard sorts direct from the growers to
you. Headquarters for Seed Potatoes. Over 20.000
bushels still on hand. Ask for "rock bottom” prices
on quantities. Any amount from barrels to carloads,
Also Seed Oats, Corn, Clover and Grass Seeds. Hand¬
some Catalog Free.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

SEED CORN

IMPROVED WHITE CAP YELLOW DENT Long
kernel, large ear. Ripens in 85 to 95 days.

Beats them all on poor thin land. On rich land the
yield is wonderful. I also have improved Learning.
Send for full description and prices. S. P. SHEPARD,
Oberlin, Ohio.

DHTITnCC grown especially for SEED. 15
r U I A I ULw varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Fa.

Irish Cobbler Potatoes %

price. C. D. JONES, Vermillion, N. Y.

LONG ISLAND CABBAGE SEED,- Spring,
Summer, Fall, Winter. Catalog and Sample Free.
Four 10c. FRANCIS BRILL, Hempstead, N. Y.

GENUINE IRISH COBBLER POTATOES

Considering earliness, productiveness, eating and
keeping qualities, this is the greatest potato on earth.
Our seed is from the original stock and we guarantee
every bbl. to be genuine. Our stock is limited, but
we are booking orders as far as it goes.

EDWARD RIGG, Jr., Burlington, N . J.

3,000 QUINCE

Three sizes, 2 feet up.

Free catalogue. State size wanted and how many
trees; we’ll name best price obtainable.

They are true to name, clean, bright, young, thrifty
and fumigated. None better at any price; no scale.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

B. 3. Mt. Holly Springs Fa

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 1905 Catalog
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us abotit your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections and
Catalogue— Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan, Conn.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie¬
ties, new and old

APPLE TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown. N J.

SftGom

SEED

Sure

Seed

If other seeds have failed you, try

GREGORY’S

We mail many small fruits, 12 to 16o
each. Catalogue free.

i. i. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Bate.

Plant our Improved varieties of seed corn this coming season; they have stood at the >
head of all varieties wherever planted; are grown by us for seed purposes from the
most select stock and will not disappoint any one who grows them. Pride of Nishna
(yellow), Iowa Silver Mine and Imperial (white) w ill make you larger yields of good,
sound, well matured corn than any other known varieties. Price, $1.35 per bu ; 10 bu.
or over, ,1.25 per bu., bugs free, F. O. B. cars Shenandoah, la. All orders shipped same
day received. Catalog describing all farm, garden and flower seeds, free. Address
Ratekin’s Seed Housi, Box 10, Shenandoah, la. The largest seed corn growers in the world.

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES.
SHRUBS, VINES & ROSES,

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue FREE
on request. T. J. DWYEIt & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, New York.

EDIIIT TBITEC 'Wiley, that's astonishing!” “What is?” “ Why, an unbroken line of
I If U | | III |^u orders from the same people for 25 Years.”

... . , . .. _ _ Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they

will continue to get it. Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

122 H. fit. "Wiley cfc Son, Cayuga, JNT. "X".

FREIGHT
PAID. . .

Apples, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop¬
lars. Healthy, true to name and Fumigated. All
kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free.

RELIANCE NURSERY, . . . , Box IO, Geneva, New York,

TREES

$5 Per 100 .

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

297

CROPS FOR ORCHARDS.

I 1>eg to call your attention to an article
on page 224, which was addressed to R. A.
Archillion, Ark., by H. E. Van Deman. I
read this article down to a certain point
with a great deal of pleasure. When this
man said, “Never, never, never put an oat
crop in any orchard,” I thought he knew
what he was talking about, but when a little
lower down I saw the following, “All things
considered, a corn crop is the best for the
case inquired about,” I almost dropped
dead. If there is one thing on the face of
the earth that hurts an orchard worse than
oats or wheat or other small grain, it is
corn, and you can plant all the cow peas or
other legumes you can find with the corn,
and it will not remedy the matter one whit.
We have a saying here in Georgia, where
we plant so many orchards, that “a man was
so green that he planted corn in his or¬
chard.” I was green myself once, and set
out 40 acres of peaches side by side. In 30
of them I planted cotton, in 10 of them corn.
At the end of 12 months there was one tree
dead out of the 30 acres planted in cotton,
and whereas the trees were 18 inches high,
all of them, when set out, at the end of the
year they range from three to six feet high.
In the 10 acres where the corn was planted,
exactly 140 trees died, and as far as any¬
body has been able to see since, the trees
will still measure exactly 18 inches. You
ought to tell this man, of all things on earth
not to plant corn in his orchard. Of course
peas or any legume is good by itself and al¬
most any garden crop, and here with us cot¬
ton is really a help to the orchard. In other
words, It will do better with cotton in it
than without anything in it. M. w. h.

Macon, Ga.

R. N.-.Y. — Yet in Virginia we found corn
the favorite crop for planting In young or¬
chards. _

Preserving Eggs in Water Glass.

II. IV., Quincy, III. — I would like to ask
a few questions about preserving eggs in
water glass. Price of eggs will probably be
lowest here in April. Will they keep if put
down then until next Winter? What is water
glass? Does any of the chemical soak
through the shell? Is there any objection to
water glass; is it in any way unwholesome?
What is the weakest solution that will keep
them? Will they keep if a week old or
more? Can the eggs be shipped or hauled
several miles and still be kept, or should they
be placed in liquid and then taken home?
Will they keep better if kept as cold as con¬
venient in Summer? Will fertile eggs keep
as well as infertile? Do hard-shelled eggs
keep better than thin-shelled?

Ans. — The information sought has re¬
peatedly been given in The R. N.-Y., yet
interest in this very practical method of
egg-preservation is 'so great that fre¬
quent repetition seems justified. Water
glass is really soluble glass — a solution of
silicate of sodium in water. The solution
as commonly sold is a clear glycerine-like
liquid, rather caustic in its action on the
skin, but not poisonous in any way. It
is quite cheap if bought in quantity, but
is usually retailed in pint or pound bot¬
tles at 25 cents each. For ordinary use
one pint should be diluted with nine
pints of water, thus making a 10 per cent
solution. This strength has been demon¬
strated by thousands of trials to keep
eggs in perfect condition for one year or
more if they are placed in the solution
while perfectly fresh. Good authorities,
however, say that a two per cent dilu¬
tion — one pint to six gallons of water —
will preserve them equally well. We have
used the 10-per-cent dilution several sea¬
sons with perfect satisfaction, and are
not inclined to try the weaker prepara¬
tion. The water glass does not appear
to penetrate the shell. The preserved
eggs seem to be perfectly wholesome, and
may be used for about all purposes that
fresh eggs are used for. They occasion¬
ally crack if boiled in the shell. Thin
shelled eggs are objectionable for pre¬
serving in water glass or any liquid, as
they are easily broken, but otherwise
keep as well as the hard shells. We have
never noticed a difference of keeping
quality between fertile and infertile eggs.
It is an undoubted advantage to keep
liquid and eggs as cool as convenient dur¬
ing the Summer. Eggs should be as
fresh as possible when placed in the solu¬
tion. A stale egg is certainly not im¬
proved, and may unpleasantly affect
others if placed in the same container.
We would not care to preserve eggs a
week or more old unless certain they
were carefully handled, Shipping or haul¬

ing eggs should not affect their keeping
quality if otherwise fresh and sound.
Every day an egg is exposed to the air
means a loss of moisture and a corre¬
sponding enlargement of the air chamber
inside the shell, thus making them more
difficult to preserve without changes in
composition and flavor. Water-glass so¬
lutions must not be kept in metal. The
containers should be glass, earthenware
or wood, and the eggs be kept under the
solution at all times. When taken from
the solution they should be rinsed, and
on drying will present a bright and clean
appearance. They keep about as long as
fresh eggs when taken out, and seem im¬
proved in quality by drying out a few
days. Eggs carefully preserved last April
by the water-glass method brought 30
cents a dozen in the wholesale market in
December, when guaranteed fresh eggs
were sold for 36 cents a dozen.

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j . s . kemp’s

20CENTURY MANURE SPREADER

%

**T0M.Ov«JlATttm.

THE FARMER’S MONEY MAKER

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company

Newark Valley, N. V. LCi« tor H.°w fcSffiaCS.' Waterloo, Iowa

LENDS ITSELF TO ALL CONDITIONS

The Kraus Pivot- Axle Cultivator is adapted to all condi¬
tions of soil— level or hilly country. Always under complete
control of operator and obeys the slightest touch of rider’s
foot, turning to right or left independent of team.

THE KRAUS CULTIVATOR

s the pioneer Pivot- Axle Cultivator combining a simul¬
taneous lateral movement of wheels and shovels. It Is sim¬
plest In construction, easiest of operation and most efficient
cultivator built. Don't waste a man’s time when a boy can do
the work. Our catalog illustrates the parts and shows exactly why
and how It saves time, labor and money. If your dealer does
not handle the Krsm, do not accept a substitute. Write us.
The Akron Cultivator Oo., Sept. 18. Akron, O.

ON
UNEVEN
GROUND

[Jo. 6 Iron Ago Combined^
.Doable and Single .
Vvheel Hoe, Hill .
kand Drill
.Seeder.

Your Spring Help

What kind of help will you have this spring. Will
you do your work the old way with many men and
much expense, or employ the time-saving, labor¬
lessening and money-making

IRON AGE Implements

These famous tools double each man’s capacity— saving time and money.

Our new No. 25 Fertilizer Distributor attachment may be applied to our
famous No. 6 combined tool, or to our No. I Double wheel Hoe
as Is the case with the Seed Drill attachments. This labor sav¬
ing implement and the Iron Age (Improved Robbins) Potato
Planter are fully described in “Iron Age” a book which should
be In the hands of every gardener and farmer who would be
more successful. Sent free.

BATEMAN MFC. CO., Box 102, Crenloch, N. J.

Iron Age
(Improved
Robbia,)
Potato
Planter.

$21.00 PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00|$r4,ooTo”|l7“od;

TOP BUGGIES, similar to one Illustrated, SURREYS at *

HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED, l$34.00 t0 $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at theae prlcea and why we can
sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house Is all fully explained in our Four Big Free Vehicle
Cataloguea. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwlll receive by return mail, Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything In Buggies, Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys, Phaetons, Carriages,
Light and Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness, Saddles and Sad¬
dlery, all shown In large handsome halftono
Illustrations, full deneriptlon, and all priced at prleea
much loner than any other house ean possibly moke.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

I nCIICC youwlll receive the moat aston-
LUUUlO Ishlng Buggy Offer ever heard of,
anew- and astonishing proposition. How others
can offer top buggies at 121.00 to 123,00 and why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will be
fully explained. We will explain why we ship so as to make freight charges amount to next to nothing.
We will explain why we are the only makers or dealers In the world that can ship buggies the day we receive
your order. OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER. OUR PAY AFTER RECEIVED TERMS. OUR BINDING GUAR¬
ANTEE ARE ALL EXPLAINED WHEN WE SEND YOU THE FOUR FREE CATALOGUES.
IIAUC vnn 1IIV HOC cno A DIIPPV O Ifyouhave, don't fail to cut thla ad. out today and mall
HAVE TUU AH I UOC run A DUUUI a toua. If you can’t use A TOP BUGGY AT ANY PRICE,
call your neighbor’s - attention to this announcement. Don’t buy any kind of a buggy until after you
cut this ad. out and send to us and get THE FOUR BIG FREE CATALOGUES. THE MOST LIBERAL

e)Tp^nedhal|Vfreolforeth«Paaklngt. ° Write Today* SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILU

Coneord Wagon No. 82 £

Buck board No. 46 E

Spring Wagon No. 441 E

Kunabout No. 54 E

Good Yehiclos at Factory

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know we sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from 25 to 50 per cent less than
priceB asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

We are situated in the vehicle center of the
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making parts for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their construction— and then
we sell them, direct from factory to you, at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
system, you don't pay any traveling men's expenses,
dealer's profits, cost of storage or handling. You simply
pay for the buggy. And remember, we sell every¬
thing on one plan — an absolute guarantee of
satisfaction.

Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue. Wo can show you what you want, at
the price you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

We don't sell cheap harness, but wo sell No. 1 Har¬
ness, made right here in our Kalamazoo factory, at |
the price others ask for cheap harness.

Our big general catalogue, No. C*88, will give you best information and lowest prices on
everything for the home and the farm, Ask for it. Its free.

CASH St’PPLY A MFO. CO., 481 LttWHHiCB Sq, KALAMAZOO, M1C11.

298

April 8,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

ORANGE RUST ON BLACKBERRIES.

F., Rutland Go., Vt. — What treatment is
best for a blackberry patch in which orange
rust made its first appearance last season on
a few canes that were then removed? Will
it pay to spray blackberry, raspberry and
strawberry plants in the fruit garden? If so,
when should it be done and what mixture
used? When such plants have a liberal sup¬
ply of stable manure, is it best also to apply
commercial fertilizer or ashes?

I have never had any experience with
orange rust on blackberries. I have seen
it sometimes in other people’s gardens. In
case I had a blackberry field struck with
orange rust I would try heavy spraying
with Bordeaux Mixture, as is recommend¬
ed in the experiment station bulletins. If
this did not give good results I would
plant a new blackberry patch on fresh soil,
with new plants from some other locality,
and would plow up the old patch.

T. A. WAUGH. *

Cut out all infested canes as they ap¬
pear,. cover the soil with air-slaked lime
and sulphur. Spray with copper sulphate
solution before leaves appear, and again
after fruit is gathered. Cultivate until
fruit is gathered. I think it will pay if
thoroughly done. I have seen better re¬
sults with the lime, sulphur, and salt spray
than with any other. Use the salt only
when not in leaf. Sweeten and cultivate
the soil. The addition of commercial fer¬
tilizer depends on the quality of manure
and soil. If all stable manure could be
worked over through the pigpen it would
answer the purpose, with an occasional
dressing of bone meal and ashes. I think
ashes are not so much needed in a sandy
soil. It is impossible to give a panacea
for every case without a separate diagno¬
sis. Use mother wit and cultivate.

New Jersey. w. s. c.

foot in length, and one I measured was
14^4 inches in circumference. They had
a coal-scuttleful of perfectly rotted ma¬
nure under each hill. These big fruits
we gave away literally by the basketful,
though we had but seven hills. For our
own use we picked them when six to
eight inches long, though even the large
ones were crisp and tender Ponderosa
tomatoes are too big to slice, fry,
bake or do anything with but can.
They are fine in the catalogues, and very
exciting to see, but lack flavor. We train
our tomatoes on 2 x 2 x 7 stakes driven
18 inches in the ground, and tie with old
strips of cloth or tape; string cuts the
vines.

Egg plants and peppers, along with the
tomatoes, were late, and did not bear
their best, but this was scarcely a surprise
when we had the thermometer down to 44
one night about the middle of June. Of
peas we had four crops, and the same of
snap beans. Also plenty of bush Limas
until frost — they are easier to grow under
our conditions than the pole sorts, but
less productive, of course, and more
trouble to pick. Incidentally I think it
pays to give even dwarf peas, something
to run on for this latter reason ; it cer¬
tainly makes it easier on the back of who¬
ever has to gather them. Our piece of
potatoes gave us nearly two barrels, and
onions something over a barrel, counting
out all onions less than an inch in diam¬
eter, which we gave away. The same is
true of onions as of tomatoes, and those
about two to two and a half inches are
the pleasantest for home use. x. Y. z.

POSSIBILITIES OF A BACKYARD.

Sound Advice From a Backyarder.

Part I.

If the average person with a backyard
knew the real possibilities as to quantity
and quality of garden produce which can
be made to grow on a plot of average
soil 25 feet square, he would have an
ample supply of several vegetables from
June until October, instead of the usual
row or two of early radishes, some doubt¬
ful lettuce and a few straggling peas and p^ants a!C set-
beets showing through the July weeds.

There are few suburban places which
cannot boast of a plot at least double this
size, and oftener than not of even greater
dimensions. Our own garden the first
year was planted late and poorly tended,
but it served to give an inkling of what
could be done with the ground at hand,
and last year on a measured eighth of an
acre we had all the results that one could
reasonably ask for. From a hasty glance
through the blank book in which (with¬
out any attempt at completeness or sys¬
tem) I jot down occasional garden data,

I see that we had all of the following
vegetables we could consume from the
dates on which they appeared from “near¬
by” in the local markets (sooner in some
cases) until frost: Beans, bush, snap and
bush Limas ; beets, cabbage, carrots, corn,
cucumbers, egg plant, endive, kohl rabi,
leeks, lettuce, mint, onions, parsley, pars¬
nips, peas, peppers, potatoes, pumpkins,
radishes, ruta baga, salsify, squash, white
and yellow, Swiss chard, tomatoes and
turnips.

Corn we had in abundance from plant¬
ings of an 80-foot row about every two
weeks from May 16 to July 4. Rows 3)4
feet apart, hills one foot apart and two
stalks in a hill. It was well fed, and we
never had better corn. To our notion
Golden Bantam, Crosby’s Early and
White Evergreen were the best of half a
dozen varieties we tried. Melons, both
musk and water, started off well, but
came to nothing, but squash and cucum¬
bers fairly outyielded themselves. The
bush squash vines, both yellow and white,
spread out over a space of about seven
feet circumference to each hill of three
or four vines. Cucumbers, which were
our only brag crop, all ran very large,
with almost no culls, averaging over 'a

Working New Swamp for Celery.

J. B., Peterboro, Ont. — We have a piece of
black muck land cleared of willows and
plowed one year ago last August, which we
wish to plant to celery. We will plow this
Spring and work up fine with a disk harrow
and fertilize with cow manure, ashes and
dried blood. What more in working and fer¬
tilizers should we do? Should we add bone?

Ans. — Muck swamps are usually quite
acid when newly cleared, and sometimes
prove undesirable for a crop of celery the
first year. I would advise planting the
same to corn for the first year, and would
prefer horse manure instead of cow ma¬
nure on muck lands. Ashes are all right;
I would omit the dried blood, and use ni¬
trate of soda for a starter on celery in¬
stead, say 200 pounds per acre after the

JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Wood Ashes and Hen Manure.

F. W., Clayton. No State. — What is the
best way of applying wood ashes as a fer¬
tilizer for vegetables or potatoes, and would
hen manure make a good addition? IIow
should they be applied?

Ans. — The best way to use wood ashes
or any other form of lime is to broadcast
after plowing, and harrow well into the
soil. This mixes the lime all over — where
it should go. Do not mix hen manure with
wood ashes. The lime will set free thd
valuable ammonia. If the ashes are broad¬
cast we would make the hen manure fine
and use it in hill or drill.

SEED POTATOES

Irish Cobbler and Early Norther. Kxtrn fine stock
grown on virgin soil. $1 per bushel; $2.50 per bbl ,
f.o.b. T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga, Bull. Co., N. Y.

Potatoes— Blush. Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Harvest,
Ohlo.Queen. 6 Weeks, 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers,N. Y

QooH Pntatnoo Selected Stock; very fine; Carman
OtJCU rUlulUCu No. 1, 75c. per bushel. Joseph
H . Hunt Fair Meadow Farm, Newton, N. J.

Carman Seed Potatoes

Carefully selected L. I. stock; 5 bu. lots, 81 .50,
10 bu. lots, 81.40,25 bu. lots, 81.30. 50 bu. lots.
81 .25. For larger lots, prices on application.

J, R. BROWN, Box 115, Bridgehampton, L.I., N.Y.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

RURAL MAIL BOXES

Merit wins! With no salesmen in the North
for nearly a year, no advertising to speak |
of, the orders keepcoining in from Maine to
Oregon. “A few of your boxes on our route
show us that they outlast all others.” That
explains the whole thing. A 15 pound steel
box, galvanized after made, Is bound to
“live long and be happy.”

Bond Steel Post Company, Adrian, Mich'.

MR

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Cood.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

Berry Baskets

AND

Fruit Packages

Order Now. Write For New Catalogue and Frices.

COLES & COMPANY, 109 & HI Warren St., N.Y.

Established 1884.

Largest Manufacturers and Dealers In the East

Hardie Spray Pumps

Make perfect Fruit

Ton don’t hare to take onr word
for It, read what The French Nursery
of Clyde, O., says about their HAltDIB
SPRAY PUMP:

‘‘The spraying outfit wo purchased of you
has given tho very best satisfaction. Any¬
one in nood of a spray pump makes no mistake
when they buy the Hardio'*

The French Nursery, Clyde, Ohio.
Fend today for onr free hook on spray.
Ing, complete formulas and valuable infor- ,
mat ion on how to makeyour orchard pay.
IlOOK-II * T,!>IK CO., Hudson, Mich.

HI Mechanic 8t*

“FUBIA

■ ■kills Prairie-Dogs,
' 'Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” Bo the weevil, but you can stop

"‘•W'1 "Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”,r<£5

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

LEGGETT’S

LIQUID BORDEAUX MIXTURE, WHALE
OIL SOAP, KEROSENE EMULSION, DRY
BORDEAUX MIXTURE, DRY BORDEAUX
AND PARIS GREEN COMPOUND, and Spray
Calendar with concise information mailed on
request. LEGGETT & BRO., 301 Pearl St., N.Y

Vest Pocket

'Fertilizer1

You can carry enough of the right fer¬
tilizer in your vest pocket to doub e
Alfalfa or other crops. The right
kind is

NITRO-CULTURE

Simply add harmless food-gathering
germs to water, moisten seeds and sow.

Crop will be doubled— land greatly en¬
riched. $2 enough for acre. Results
guaranteed or money back. Write for
Catalog S. 2.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.,
West Chester, Pa.

R

$100

V A worth

oses 30 cl

To introduce our
famous C. & J.
Roses into flow¬
er gardens everywhere,
we make this unprece¬
dented offer:

6 Choice Ever Blooming Roses

’including 1 Beauty of Boseraawr, rich, varie¬
gated carmine, 1 Mrs. B. K. Cant, intensecherry
red. also 1 yellow. 1 pink, 1 white, 1 variegated,
all first-class kinds, some new.

A Rook on Roses, full of valuable Information,
a 25c Coupon good on first |1 order, also our
New Floral Guide, 136 pages of too choice plants
for Improving Home Grounds.

AU the above for 30 cents.

Only one order toa customer. Vou’ll want more
C.&J. Hoses— that's why we. do it. Writetoday

The Conard & Jones Co.,

“Growers of the Best Roses In America”

l“ghtt.il"s, i9of. Box 4- West Grove, Pa.

Crosby Early Sweet Corn.

a pure strain for seed, in quantities from one
to two hundied bushels for immediate deliver/
at $2 50 per bushel f. o. b. express or freight
Cash with order.

RIVERSIDE FARM
Nashua = New Hampshire

STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Climax and 25
other money-making varieties, $1.25 to $1.50 per
1,000. " Catalogue free to-day.

S. A. VIUDIN, Hartly Del.

BERRY PLANTS— 23d Annual Catalogue free.
Climax only $2.00 per 1.000. Lucretia Dewberry,
$4 00. Best plants at bottom prices .

SLAYMAKER & SON. Dover, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

PINE HILL FRUIT FARM, Center Brook, Conn. '

STOWELL’S EVERGREEN SWEET CORN SEED,
A No. I Quality. 85 to 100 per cent. good. $1.75 per
bushel, bags free. A. B. Cummings, Akron, N. Y.

HUBBARD SQUASH SEED

J. . SALISBURY & SONS, Phelps, N. Y.

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.

Air is four-fifths nitrogen. LET BACTERIA
GATHER IT EOR YOU! Inoculate your soil
and seed with Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria.
Safe and easy— anyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, et". One
treatment lasts for years ! Half acre package $1 ;
one acre $1.50. Send for c rcular.

Vermont Soli Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue,

Burlington, Vt.

GREAT SCOTT

a new Strawberry.

S. H. WARREN,
Weston, Mass.

StrawToerry Plants

IOO President Roosevelt, 200 Dunlap, post paid, $1.40.
5,000 Assorted, $0 freight. Alva Cathcart, Bristol. Ind.

Abington yielded over300 bu. per acre in matted rows.
Circular free. Lester Blanchard.Abington, Mass.

If You Are Planting

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

WM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse. Sample,
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y

R I R A ()ats are th® heaviest and best yielders I ever
Dio *t grew, even plump berry. 50c. perbu. in lots of
ten ormore; bags free.v J. S. Tilton, Norwalk. O.

FOR SALE

'—CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50
_______ bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

Milford, Delaware.

E. U. Clarkson’s Clermont and Nevis Farm’s

Pride of the North Yellow dent Seed Corn. Earliest
to mature and a heavy yielder. Price, shelled, bags
included *2 bu. 75c.; bu. lots and over $1.25 per bu.

F. O. B. A. E. BOUF.R, Mngr., R. F. D. Tivoli N. Y.

Refer by permission to Rural New-Yorker.

VEGETABLE PLANTS.

Asparagus, Conover’s, Palmetto, very strong, healthy,
one year old, 1,000$5; Rhubarb, Victoria, strong roots,
100 $5. Millions of Celery, Cabbage, Pepper, Eggplant,
Sweet Potato. Send for free list.

LUDVIG MOSBVEK, Onarga, Ill.

ASPARAGUS ;; RIO ARB HOOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. GULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

REAR TREES

A No. 1 Stock, 2,000 Le Conte, 1,500 Bartlett, 800 B.
D. Anjou, 200 Seckel, 200 Lawrence, 300 B. Clairgeau,
all 2 years a4 and up. No scale or blight. Thrifty,
grand stock. Free catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, New Jersey.

PEACH TREES IN BOX LOTS

I have packed and ready for immediate shipment 50 boxes of fine, fresh dug Peach Trees, best market varie¬
ties and best bearers, as follows: Lot No. 1, 10 Boxes, each containing 200 Trees 4-5 feet, varieties as follows:
100 Elberta, 25 Niagara, 25 Fitzgerald, 60 Crawford Early, at $12 per box.

Lot No. 2. 10 Boxes, each containing 200 Trees, 3-4 feet, same number and varieties as contained in boxes of
Lot No. 1, at $10 per box.

Lot No. 3. 15 Boxes, each containing 200 Trees of 4-5 feet, varieties as follows: 25 Crawford Early, 25 Craw¬
ford Late, 25 Chairs Choice, 25 Niagara. 25 Kalamazoo. 25 Champion, 25 Salwav,25 Wager at $12 per Box.
LotNo.4. 15 Boxes each containing 200 Trees 3-4 feet, same number and varieties as contained in Boxesof
Lot No. 3, at $10 per Box. If you want one or more boxes send in your order immediately, and when order¬
ing be sure to give the No. of Lot wanted, and state if shipment should be made by freight, or express. THIS
OFFER HOLDS GOOD EOR TEN DAYS ONLY. If you want other stock send for my new supplement. IT

— . tin - " “ •

IS FULL OF BARGAINS.

_ . supp _ .

MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, New York

200,000 APPLE TREES,

6 to 7 ft. 11 cts. each, 5 to 6 ft. 9 cts., 4 to 5 ft. 7 cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5 cts.. 2 to 3 ft.

. one year old. 4 cts. 5,000 Japan Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 5 ft. 20

cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 Kieffer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Peach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free

from Scale, Crown Gall, or diseise of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low

cost; boxing and packing free: present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Prices on Apple, Pear and Plum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence. Penna.

CRASS SEED

Choice re-cleaned seed for all purposes.

Dreer’s Permanent pasture grass is recommended
to those who desire quick results. We furnish Grass
and Clover Seeds of all kinds and in any quantity
desired. Write for prices on any seed needed,

HENRY A. DBEER, Phiia , Pa.

Going to Plant an Orchard This Spring?

If so, let us know, and we can save you money. Our trees will please, our prices so low they will astonish
you. A choice lot of fruit trees and plants left unsold, Send for free catalog.

BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY COMPANY,

Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

299

THE STRAWBERRY BED.

Rotation of Planting. — As the Win¬
der is almost gone it is time to be think¬
ing where we shall make our strawberry
bed this Spring. Do not set the plants
on the same piece of ground where you
have had them year after year. Most
crops do better for a change of land and
particularly the strawberry. If I could
have just the kind of land I wanted for a
strawberry bed I should choose a piece
that had never been previously plowed
nor produced anything but spontaneous
growth. The upper soil should be a good
deep dark loam, with a clay subsoil to
hold the moisture; not on a side hill,
but what might be termed bottom land if
not too wet.

Virgin Soil for Strawberries. — If you
have an old pasture frown up with shrub
oaks and huckleberry bushes and other
small shrubs cut every bush and tree and
burn them on the land ; then plow and
harrow it often, till it is in good work¬
ing order. I know it will be hard work
to subdue it, but it will pay in the end.
This virgin soil makes the best land for
strawberries. If more of this kind of
land were used at the present day we
should hear less complaint of rust, blight,
and mildew. There seems to be some¬
thing in this soil that no fertilizer or ma¬
nure will quite supply to old soil.

Setting. — The plants may be set as
soon .in the Spring as the land has been
made mellow and a small amount of good
brand of fertilizer is harrowed in. Plants
set in this virgin soil will grow and bear
better, and can be cared for with one-
tenth of the labor that it would take on
old soil, for there are comparatively few
weeds. Such land requires but little en¬
riching for the first few years, for it is
well supplied with nature’s fertilizer. If
you want only a small bed for the family,
dig out the brush along the fence; it will
improve the looks of the field, and the
strawberry plants will grow better on this
new land than elsewhere.

Three Systems. — If grown in the sin¬
gle plant system, set the plants 12 to 15
inches apart each way in two rows; then
leave a space 30 inches wide for a path,
and then set another bed the same and
cut off all the runners as often as once
a week. When the runners are cut off it
causes the parent plant to grow side
shoots or crowns closely attached to it¬
self, and at the end of the season they
will be very large plants and will bear a
large crop of fancy berries. For the
hedgerow, plants may he set in rows 3/
feet apart, and the plants in the rows
three feet apart, the runners trimmed to
form a bed one foot wide. The great ad¬
vantage in growing the fruit in these nar¬
row beds or hedgerows, is the roots have
more feeding ground in the paths between
the rows, and in a wet season the fruit
is not as liable to decay, as the air has
a better circulation, and the fruit is gath¬
ered without much reaching. Ror a mat¬
ted bed set the rows four feet apart and
the plants in the rows 18 inches apart ;
when they have made new plants enough
to form a bed three feet wide cut all run¬
ners beyond that width, and keep the new
plants in the bed six inches apart; all
other plants cut off. Surplus plants are
as weeds to the plants from which we
wish to grow berries. Be sure to cut off
the ends of the runners when the beds
have attained the width desired, for all
growth beyond draws vitality from the
other plants from which you wish to
grow fruit. It is a good plan to remove
the old plants in September and let new
ones fill that space, for after the parent
plants have produced a lot of young plants
the young ones have taken most of the
vitality, so if left to bear fruit it will be
inferior to that grown on the new.

- Stock for New Beds. — By testing the
comparative value of the different plants
it has been found that the third or fourth
plant from the parent plant is the best to
set for new beds. Most growers select
the largest young plants to set new beds,
but I choose plants grown farther from

the mother, as they have more vitality left
in them. In some varieties I can grow
more from plants at the end of the run¬
ner (tip enders) than from the largest
plants of that variety. If you have vari¬
eties that are not inclined to make plants
enough either set them in moist land or
water them freely; the result, I think,
will surprise you. Water is very essen¬
tial, not only in growing the plants but
in swelling out the fruit, but if it is used
freely the plants must not be crowded, or
the fruit is sure to decay. Give them
room to admit air and sun, and then with
plenty of water the fruit will swell to
its full capacity. Customers are always
willing to pay liberally for water if pre¬
sented in an attractive form. Some one
has said that to .grow large, attractive
strawberries the first thing needed was
water, the second was more water, and
the third was still a little more water.

Massachusetts. s. H. warren.

Transplanting a Big Oak.

</., Edmeston, N. Y. — I wish to transplant
an oak tree about two inches in diameter, 12
or 11 feet High. Can I safely do it?

Ans. — Transplant your oak tree in
early Spring, just before growth starts.
The oak tree is not particularly easy to
transplant, but if, at that time, care is
taken to get a good root system, it will
probably succeed. Very little success has
been had transplanting in the Fall, as the
tree dries out too much during the Win¬
ter.

G.owfl i of English Ivy.

S. D. E., Umpqua Ferry, Ore. — What is the
reason an English ivy persists in going in one
direction, i. e., all side shoots going to the
left ?

Ans. — Climbing vines, like Fnglish ivy,
usually grow in the opposite direction of
the prevailing winds. Probably there is
more or less of an air current that sweeps
your ivy vines to the left, and consequent¬
ly the growth is in that direction. They
also have a tendency to reach for the sun,
and if more sunlight comes in from the
left, they would naturally grow in that
direction, unless the wind blew them the
other way. _

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

DIRECT TO YOU Price*.

We are not jobbers or assem¬
blers of other people’s goods —
n -. we build vehioles in our own

] /• factory. By buying direct from

“I us you get fuctory prices

with no middlemen’s
profit, you get every¬
thing thut is latest, best
and most durable. Our
large freecataloguetells
RETAIL PR 1C E~S45Tl a1-* -aboat our no money

with order plan, freight
offer, 2 years guaranty and how we ship anywhere
ON 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.

We make 140 styles of vehio' sa from $23.50 up and
100 styles of harness from $4.40 up. Don’t buy a
vehicle or harness until you have heard from us.
Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUCCY & CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

YOUR
Idle Funds

NEED not remain idle an¬
other day.

This strong hank accepts
deposits in any amount and al¬
lows 4 per cent, interest, payable
semi-annually.

Accounts may be opened, and
withdrawals made by mail, no
matter where you reside —
Booklet “H” describes the bank
and its management and tells
about its simple system of bank¬
ing by mail. Write for it.

The UNION
SA VINGS
BANK

Capital $ 1 , 000,000

Frick Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.

FOR SALE

STEEL FENCING* Me per rod, while it lasts,
ltochester ltadlator Go.. 208 State St., Hochester, N.Y

TELEPHONES!

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from tho manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Book of instruction
free. Write nearest office.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

153 St. Clair St., Cleveland, O.
440 Main St., Dallas, Texas

You will remember the quality of a

Parsons’ “LOW-DOWN” Milk Wagon

long
after
the
price
has
been

forgotten.

Ask
for our
Catalogue.

PARSONS "LOW-DOWN" WAGON WORKS, EarIvllle.N.Y

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

$*5*575 Now Buys
0^0^ Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’
FRKF,
TRIAL.

Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less
than 850.00.
fully describes it and 250
other styles of pleasure
and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There is as much difference between “Columbia " and
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toadstools.
Buy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no more than t lie unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply £•■

OUR FREE CATALOG

Hajrows *5.80 Up

Cut this out and send to us
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalamazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

Price lBTOOth Not lined, *5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.80

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

“ 24 “ “ 8.75

Price, Lined

it it

i( - it
it i*

. « 6.40
. 7.00

. 7.60

. 10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land lnN.Y.,Pa.,
W.Va., and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md.,for *1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can’t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm. It’s

free, CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

406 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

. „ - - - - - - - creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.

RAIiNn Til P .1 Jackson’* Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
w*u- - M ■ •iSWria Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write

for what you want and prices. JOHN H. jackson, 76 Third a »«.. Aib»ny, n. y.

NO BOY OR GIRL LABORERS EMPLOYED

Spilt Hickory Vehicles are made by experienced, skilled work¬
men. who spent years in learning their trade, and who know how to
construct and finish the very highest grade of vehicles.

Our Famous 1905 Split Hickory
Special Top Buggy i “Ve °ns I°pdlaa n

We don’t employ inexperienced boys in our shop, nor
three-dollar-u-week girls, to trim our buggies, aa do
some cheap mail-order houses, who advertise no-
uccount bugggies.

Split Hickory Vehicles have a world’s reputation
to sustain and they are sustaining it. They nre made
to order and sold on 80 Hay* Free Use Plan. With
each vehicle goes a two-years iron-elud guarantee.
You should know more abont Split Hickory Vehicles
before you buy. We want to send you our 192-page 191*

_ _ Catalogue, which is free. Write for it at once.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO. (H. O. Phelps, Pres.) Station 29® Cincinnati, O.

Don’t
buy a
Vehicle
of any
kind until
you get our
New Vehicle
Catalog

Oar
Terms
Are the
RAost
Liberal
Ever
Made.

Will Ilia

ri , . . — — 7 » ci y iai go, me descriptions are compiet

Don t buy a vehicle of any kind until you get our 1905 catalogue

ihimrlv mu/ nriV^c an/I f I, ~ CL. _ ■ a. " ■ °

lowest ever made. u m any amu uum you get our iyoo cat

and see our astonishingly low prices and the most liberal terms ever made.

The cuts
are the

*I4U pictUl, »» D ClllplDj HU a^Clllo, LUcl ClUl D UU1 1LC3 f»l D Lid

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL

there

IS ONLY
ONE

RUBEROID
ROOFING

THE REGISTERED
TRADE MARK

"RUBEROID”

IS STAMPED ON UNDER
SIDE, EVERY FOUR FEET.
IF YOU ACCEPT ANY OTHER.
YOU DO SO AT YOUR
OWN RISK.

I

REPRESENTS WHAT
YOU GET FOR YOUR INVESTMENT
IN EVERY ROLL OF RUBEROID ROOFING.

NO USELESS SAND OR PEBBLES TO PAT FOR.
MONEY SAVED. FIGURE IT OUT. TAKE OFF TEN
POUNOS OF SANO OR PEBBLES AND ADO TEN POUNDS

k

AND WHEN YOU
FIGURE THAT THERE IS NO TAR
OR PAPER IN RUBEROID ROOFING-
NOTHING TO MELT. ROT OR TEAR -NO EX¬
PENSE FOR APPLYING -NO EXPENSE FOR RE¬
PAIRS- THAT IT IS THE ONLY PREPARED ROOFING

RUBE RO ID | RO O F I N G

OF ACTUAL ROOFING. FIGURING SIX MONTHS ADDI¬
TIONAL WEAR TO EVERY ADDITIONAL POUND, YOU
CAN EASILY SEE THAT YOU GET AT LEAST FIVE
YEARS MORE SERVICE OUT OF RUBER0I0
ROOFING THAN FROM ANY OF THE TAR
AND GRAVEL OR SANDED
ROOFINGS

1

WHICH OUTLASTS METAL OR SHINGLES- NO DANGER
OF FIRE FROM SPARKS, ETC.— WE THINK YOU
WILL UNDERSTAND WHY THERE IS MORE OF
IT USEO THAN OF ANY OTHER. INVES¬
TIGATE FOR YOURSELF.

Send for
f Samples
and

Booklet “K”

Standard for Years . Manufactured Solely by

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, 100 William Street, New York.

3oo

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 8,

|Rtiralisms" ;

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Handsome New Pinks. — The genus
Dianthus contains many of our most or¬
namental and easily grown flowering
plants. Our magnificent modern carna¬
tions can only be successfully grown un¬
der glass, but there is a host of hardy
varieties of the greatest diversity and
beauty. Great advances have been made
in hybridizing various species and gar¬
den strains, so we now have perpetual
flowering strains of clove or grass pinks
and Margaret carnations, double and sin¬
gle, in every shade of white, rose, crim¬
son, scarlet and yellow, with the most
intricate and beautiful markings, all com¬
ing into bloom in four to seven months
from the seed. Most of these are de¬
lightfully fragrant. There is continual
improvement in the Chinese pink, D. Chi-
nensis, which is practically an annual in
our climate, as the plants almost bloom
themselves to death the first season, mak¬
ing only a feeble show the next year, if
they should chance to survive the Win¬
ter. The various garden forms of the
Chinese pink sold under the names of
ITeddewigi, Laciniatus, Imperialis, Hy-
bridus, etc., are bewildering in number
and diversity. We have heard of one en¬
thusiast who got together over 50 types
and varieties. The culture is of the sim¬
plest. Seeds are usually cheap, ranging
from five to 25 cents a packet, and may
be sown indoors or in a fine seed bed in
the garden in May. When large enough
the plants should be set in well-enriched
soil about a foot apart each way. The
bloom is constant and brilliant as soon
as a little growth is made, and few plants
better repay the very moderate care need¬
ed. The only feature lacking is fragrance,
which is very slight in this section. A
very charming novelty in Chinese pinks,
engraved from a dried flower grown in
Germany is shown in Fig. 121, page 294.
It originated in Japan and is first sent
out this season under the name of Dian¬
thus laciniatus mirabilis or Marvelous
pink. The fresh blooms are said to reach
three to four inches in diameter, on long,
stiff stems. The petals, as seen in the
illustration, are deeply cut into fine Strips
or thread-like fringes which are twisted
in all directions. The colors range from
white to rose and purple-red, with dark-
zones. Seeds are offered by several deal¬
ers for 20 cents a packet.

Sweet William Hybrids. — The Sweet
William, Dianthus barbatus, is one of the
most prized of hardy garden flowers, hav¬
ing been cultivated from the earliest
times, ft is sturdy and vigorous, holding
its own for several years even in our try¬
ing climate, and perpetuating itself by
volunteer seedlings wherever allowed. It
is a native of Central Europe, but every¬
where esteemed for its massive trusses
of brilliant and fragrant blooms. Sweet
Williams have been wonderfully improved
by long selection. Some of the newer
strains produce flowers of great size, reg¬
ular finish and surpassing beauty of col¬
oring. The strains sold as Auricula-flow¬
ered are perhaps most popular. The in¬
dividual blooms are large, smooth-edged
and of various attractive colors, all show¬
ing a clear white eye or center. Other
types have large fringed flowers in a
great diversity of shades and intricate
markings. The double-flowered varieties
are large and showy, but less elegant than
the best of the single forms. All are
delightfully fragrant and easily grown
from seeds or divisions, if it is desired
to perpetuate a particular variety. Seeds
are plentiful and cheap, the best costing
not more than 10 cents a packet. They
may be sown outside in a seed bed any
time from early Spring until August, and
the plants set a foot apart in the bloom¬
ing bed or border as soon as they are
large enough to handle. A slight protec¬
tion to prevent heaving by frost during
Winter is always an advantage, though
young plants are quite reliably hardy.
Thev will bloom magnificently the suc¬
ceeding year, and may be preserved sev¬
eral seasons if the bloom trusses are cut
as they fade to prevent exhaustion from
profuse seeding. Many hybrids have been
grown between the Sweet William and
other Dianthus species. One of the first
intentionally-produced plant hybrids re¬
corded was the result of crossing one

of the early carnations and the Sweet
William. This hybrid had considerable
beauty, and has been frequently repro¬
duced, but soon disappears from cultiva¬
tion. Other hybrids with D. alpinus and
D. superbus are more or less grown in
Europe as hardy border plants, but are
scarcely known in the American plant
trade. Dianthus latifolius is usually re¬
garded as a garden hybrid of Sweet Wil¬
liam. It is intermediate in habit between
this species and the Chinese pink. The
flowers are large, generally double or
semi-double, arranged in rather loose
trusses or panicles and run largely to
deep purple and crimson colors, though
many shades are to be found in every lot
of seedlings. It is a handsome border
plant, the crimson varieties making a
vivid display. All bloOms of D. latifolius
we have examined have been without per¬
ceptible fragrance. The second and third
generations from seed of a hybrid be¬
tween the Sweet William and Chinese
pink, raised on the Rural Grounds, closely
resembled D. latifolius, through retaining
some fragrance, but the original plant was
quite distinct from either of its parents,
and from its seedlings. The tendency of
these seedlings, after passmg through the
stage resembling Latifolius is to revert
to the parent types in about equal pro¬
portion. The plants are exceedingly vig¬
orous and free-blooming, living three or
four years under the most ordinary con¬
ditions of culture.

Fig. 123, page 294, is a. representation
of blooms of our newest hybrid taken
in late October, after the plants had been
exposed to repeated sharp freezes. It is
one of many plants grown from a series
of crosses made between carefully select¬
ed Sweet Williams and Chinese pinks of
the Laciniatus type. The resulting seeds,
sown in March, produced flowers in early
July, and the plants continued veritable
bouquets of bloom until stopped by Win¬
ter. They grew 12 to 10 inches high,
were very compact and neat in form,
and were at all times covered with fra¬
grant blooms varying in color from white
with faint blush zones, to deep crimson,
intricately marked and variegated. There
was no perceptible difference in growth
or bloom between plants raised from
seeds of Sw’eet William or Chinese pink,
each pollinated by the other, though both
lots were kept separate for comparison.
The foliage is intermediate, but resem¬
bles most the Sweet William. Taken al¬
together these were the handsomest hardy
pinks we have ever grown. These first
generation plants have survived the Win¬
ter with no protection and appear in per¬
fect condition. In their present state they
are immeasurably superior to D. latifolius,
and it will be interesting to note if they
can be perpetuated from seed, which is
very sparingly produced, or whether they
must pass through the Latifolius stage
and afterward revert to their parental
types, as did our first hybrids of the same
ancestry. _ w. V. f.

NiTRO-Cin.Tt’RE Crums. — Your correspond¬
ents have answered the question in regard to
nitro-culture. To increase your fluid or cul¬
ture the water should he hoiled. and when at
a temperature of (10 or 05 add the culture;
must Ik1 kept at this temperature. To keep
out other germs cover with cotton such as
used for quilts, etc. Those who sell this at
$2 per acre are getting about $1.95 profit.

Decatur, Ind. d. g. m. t.

Recent experiments in Hop Culture show that
for each 100 pounds of Nitrate of Soda used per
acre, an increase of 87% pounds of Hops was
obtained. This being so, no Hop Grower can
afford to be unfamiliar with the use of

Nitrate of Soda

(THE STANDARD FERTILIZER)

Any Hop Grower who will send his name and
address on Post Card will receive my book,
“ Food for Plants,” giving official reports of ex¬
periments with various fertilizers in varying
quantities.

A Free Offer to Hop Growers

I want fifty Hop Growers to make an experi¬
ment with Nitrate of Soda as a Top Dressing
and will send a small quantity of Nitrate Free,
if they will pay transportation charges, apply it
as directed and report results to me. The increase
in Hops will more than repay the cost. Write
only on Post Card •

Wm. S. Myers, Room 148, 12-16 John St., New York

Bowker’s

Insecticides

are cheapest

RprAII^P they are all ready to use by adding
Uvvauav water ; they do not waste time in mix¬
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foliage in spite of heavy rains, making repeated spray¬
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most important of all, however, they do the work , and
they work night and day. Many of them are made
upon government formulas, and all have the unquali¬
fied endorsement of practical men and experiment
station officials.

Disparene

is the only insecticide made
that will destroy both broods
of the codling-moth (see booklet). Enough for a large
orchard, $4.25. Smaller quantities, $1 and 50 cents.

Our large handbook of insect pests and plant diseases is well
worth 50 cents, but we mail it to all interested parties FREE

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

With the i

ORCHARD

Monarch

, Automatic Compressed Air

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Thomas Peppier, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

Brass Sprayers Last Longest

And Are The Cheapest To Buy.

Price $3.50 and upward. Make your labor and invest¬
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plant diseases which cause so much loss. These sprayers
may also be used for applying whitewash and cold water
paints, spreadfng disinfectants, cleaning wagons, curing
surface diseases on cattle, chickens, and many other
purposes. Spray er« may be returned at our expense if
they are found defective. Send for catalogue.

DAYTON 8UPPLYr CO., Dayton, Ohio.

U. S. STANDARD. CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE-OIL SOAP.

A positive destroyer of San Jose Scale. The OWEN
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Mustard Killed

The proof is positive that
mustard can be killed in
a crop of growing grain
without any injury to
the grain.

The Spramotor

does the wtR-k and the
improvement in the crop
will more than repay the almost trifling expense
Write for booklet "D”. Full particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO., Buffalo, N.Y., London, Canada.

AGENTS WANTED.

SEED SOWERS ill $£

and up. Booklet with Calendar free
out/. SKKDKK MFU. CO., Box 4. Homer, Mich.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
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Strong and Tough.
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Climatic Changes Do Not
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Practically Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
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Any Workman Can Put
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No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

stlllleads all others. Sows all Clovers, Alfalfa, Timothy,
Red Top, all kinds of Crasa Seeds, Flax, etc. Special hop-
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close to the ground the wind can not blow the seed away.
Used thirty years. 200 thousand sold. Catalogue free.

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NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For SpeclflO Oph¬
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BARRY CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

MACHINERY

piDE

Best and cheapest
Send for catalogue

•OOMER & BOSCHEBT
'PRESS CO.,

118 West Water 8t.,
tmuCCSE, K. Y.

Hubbard’s “Black Diamond” Fertilizers

Have produced the Record Hay Crops for the past fourteen years. Send for our Free Book,

“HUBBARD'S FERTILIZERS FOR 1005”

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY,

Middletown, Conn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

3oi

Hope Farm Notes

Southward Hound. — I am writing (March
23) on a train — just now passing through
upper North Carolina. It is never fair to
judge a country from a car window, and I try
to remember that as I look over this land¬
scape and think of New Jersey. There doubt¬
less are reasons why people should be satis¬
fied to live as some of these people are living,
but I don't grasp them. The soil seems to
vary ; there are streaks of light sand and
then patches of what looks like a red clay.
Most of the farm land seems to have been
cut out of the pine woods long ago and then
abandoned. We pass great holes in the for*
est, some of them still showing the stalks
from last year's corn or cotton, while others
have been so long abandoned that little pines
and scrubs are growing up. Now and then
we see a patch of what looks like Crimson
clover, or the remains of what looks like a
crop of cow peas. For the most part the
land lies dead and dull, scarred with gulleys
and apparently baked hard. Here is a sec¬
tion that needs humus far more than it does
politicians — what section doesn’t, anyway?
If any large proportion of this land were
forced to spend its idle time in cow peas or
Crimson clover the whole character of the
country would be changed in five years. A
farm, like a man, can be saved by utilizing
its idle time. It hurts my feelings to see this
neglected land, and the buildings and humans
and stock which that neglect produces, and
then realize how prodigal Nature has been
to this section in the way of climate and soil
opportunities. When you see a colored man
out plowing with a steer that might weigh
500 pounds and a plow that scrapes about
three inches deep you don’t know whether to
call it farming or “agriculture,’’ but you
must feel some admiration for a farmer who
makes a “living” under such circumstances.
Tne South is increasing its annual farm out¬
put each year, but I imagine that the increase
Is largely due to the few skilled farmers or
gardeners who locate In the most favorable
places and can invest capital in the business.

I am under the Impression that a large share
of the money made by these skilled farmers
is sent away from this section for invest¬
ment. The South would be far better off if
agricultural science could be brought in small
doses to Hiese patching old fields. No man is
going to rise in wealth or character much
above the character of his soil. If they don't
get cow peas or something else into this
dreadful looking soil the future farm crops of
tne South will be grown on limited areas
by those who know how and will learn how.
This concentration of industry will hurt the
South socially more than the factory towns
have hurt New England. I have always be¬
lieved that the very life of a country depends
upon the spirit of the country homes. These
homes depend upon successful farming and
good soil. This never came to me with such
force as it has to-day, when seeing the appar¬
ent poverty which comes from this neglected
soil. It is made all the more forcible by see
ing here and there prosperous looking homes
and farms right in the midst of this desola¬
tion. No use talking, the experiment stations
of the South have more to do with the future
of their section than Congress has. How
can the farmers who most need help be
reached? That is t lie largest problem before
the South to-day. If it cannot be met the lit¬
tle farmer is going, like the little manufac¬
turer did in New England. The agricultural
wealth of the South will be produced more
and more by outsiders. I don't often feel
like standing up as a prophet, but I cannot
see how competition will permit the man with
the steer to live on this land 15 years hence,
unless the land is given a better chance. A
young fellow doesn't care much for past his¬
tory, but a man of my age can see a story
written on this land. The South knows how
to restore these poor lands. It’s up to her to
show these poor farmers how to do it. Or
does she prefer to drain the whites out of
this section to work in the cotton factories
and leave those old fields to the negroes? A
man on the train tells me that my reasoning
is faulty, because I do not realize how easily
these farmers are satisfied. It is true that
as night comes on I see lights appear in these
little bouses and the smoke curls up from
the chimneys. Workers are going home to
supper and bed. Possibly there is no other
place like “home” to them. On the whole, I
hope so, though I wish they could understand
that a more comfortable home would grow
out of a better soil.

Weather Indications. — I saw the first
plowing near Fredericksburg, Va. A mule
with a man to help him was turning up a
poor looking field. At Petersburg I saw col¬
ored children running about barefooted.
When I left Hope Farm there was still some
snow on the bills, and we had hardly begun
to spray. Fredericksburg lias always been a
place of interest to me since my father was
killed in the battle fought there in 1802. We
read in reports of the eastern war how the
Japanese deliberately sacrifice thousands of
men in order to carry out some part of their
plan. Fredericksburg was another such
slaughter, (hough nothing came from it. As
I ride through the town to-day few passengers
seem to care that the battle ever was fought;
the majority probably do not know that there
ever was one. A man may have an intense
feeling about one thing and a very general
feeling about others. He should remember
that with other people these things may lie
reversed, and keep his intense feelings and
opinions pretty much to himself.

Most of the older buildings one sees from
a car window in this section have the chim¬
ney built on the outside. Last Winter, while
in' the Virginia mountains, I asked a man
why they didn’t put chimneys inside. Ills
answer was that the inside chimney made the
house too warm, though at that very time the
mercury was close to zero, and the majority
of the teeth left in the town were chattering.
I think the chimney is going inside of most
of the new southern houses, but somehow peo¬
ple here don’t like to dig a cellar. There are
not as many wells or cisterns as there should
be. At one place I saw a nice-looking house
with a well-lieaten path down to a spring. I’ll
guarantee that the spring was at least 40
rous away from the kitchen door. That
means about a quarter of a mile travel for
each bucket of water. Either the women in
that household are first-class pedestrians or
else there is a lack of water. About 99 per
cent of men would carry the water for their
wives — before they were married. Later on
I imagine that the proportion that would stay
by would be much the same as of the 10
lepqrs that were cleansed ! This is true of
the entire country. When it comes to assert¬

ing their political rights there are many citi¬
zens who like to allude to themselves as
“hewers of wood and drawers of water,” but
just go and look at their own woodpile and
water bucket !

My friend on the train had two things to
argue. First, he said that in most of these
houses there was a stout colored boy to bring
water. Why go to the expense of modern
contrivances when cheap labor can be had?
Then, as if he knew that his first argument
would fall down, he said that you cannot
reach this class of farmers anyway. They
prefer to live as they do ! I think there
ought to be somebody connected with agri¬
cultural education who can feel about such
farmers as the missionaries do about the
heathen.

The first cotton field I saw was below Pet¬
ersburg. Cornfields were frequent. The corn
seems to be mostly planted in drills. Instead
of cutting the stalk at the ground as we do
they seem to “top” it, cutting the blade just
below the ear and leaving the rest in the
field. I saw large amounts of this fodder
still in the field. In one place a farmer had
made a large pile of it, and built a fence
around to keep off the stock. The fodder
seemed to have rotted inside the fence ! I
once stood on the campus of Cornell Univer¬
sity in M’arch and looked across the valley
to a cornfield where all the fodder still stood
in the snow ! The agricultural college had
not converted its own neighbors. What a na¬
tion this will be when all the food is saved
and all the agricultural implements are
housed. Yet, even in that day the feed deal¬
ers and implement dealers will find fault.

At Jacksonville I found the fields green and
trees in full bloom. I will try to tell about
the farming next week.

Where Corn Ki.ooms. — I am asked by a
Jerseyman to settle the following question :

“We have an argument here with a young
man from the city. He claims that con*
blooms in the ear and not in the tassel. We
keen telling him that the flower or bloom is
in the tassel, but he won’t have it any other
wav, asserting that it is in the ear.”

J. L. P.

I am not a botanist and my opinion would
not settle a legal case. I think, however,
this is one of those rare occasions when both
sides can say. “I told you so !” The flower
of the corn is separated. The tassel repre¬
sents the male parts of the flower, the pollen
being the dust or powder which we notice
when shaking the ripe tassel. The “silk”
wnieh grows lower down on the stalk repre¬
sents the female parts of the flower: each
strand of “silk" when fertilized by the pol¬
len from the tassel forming a kernel of corn
on the cob. Thus both parts of the flower
are necessary iu order to produce grain.

Respect for Farm Laror. — A middle-aged
man in Illinois writes me that he thinks of
coming East to take up a farm. Before he
bought he thinks:

"I might do better, at least for a time, if
I could find the right place as manager on a
moderate-sized farm, the owner of which is a
non-resident or is disabled iu some way from
taking the active control. I should want an
owner who would think as much of having
his place in reliable hands as of getting the
last possible dollar out of it.”

We often have letters from farm owners
who say they want good men to manage their
farms. ' They outline a list of good qualities
such a man should possess. I wonder if they
ever stop to consider what the man they hire
will think about them? The owner often
thinks that because lie pays cash for services
he has the right to demand high quality. He
lias, but ..ow about the man who offers all he
has— his labor? lie has some rights too, and
it should not be an entirely one-sided bar¬
gain. I believe there are plenty of men who
would appreciate the fact that their place
•was in the hands of a reliable man, yet we
must all understand that a place should be
run as a business enterprise. A dollar, hon¬
estly and fairly earned, is a great civilizer,
and the owner has a right to expect fair in¬
terest on his investment. He may take it in
fun, experience or in cash, but he ought to
make up his mind which way he wants it,
and then hold his manager right ud to his
bargain. The trouble is that lots of men hire
a farmer and then plan so that, the only divi¬
dends they have any right to expect should
come in fun or experience. They turn what
ought to be fun into worry, place no valua¬
tion on experience, and find fault with the
farmer because he doesn’t pay cash dividends !

This makes me think that I have been
asked by several if work can be obtained in
Florida during the Winter. Some elderly men
who cannot afford to be idle ask that. Yes, I
believe there is work for all during the Win¬
ter. Lfficle Ed has had trouble in obtaining
help. Good workers earn $1.25 per day.
Right where we are there are very few ne¬
groes. Last Fall some trouble arose among
the negroes and one was killed. The rest
simply “got out,” going elsewhere, the cabins
still standing empty. H. w. c.

p®' Let Us Send You ^

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about good wheels and good wagons that will save
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COMBINATION DRILL

for illustrated catalogue and prices.

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Ohio
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Potash as Necessary as Rain

The quality and quantity of the
crops depend on a sufficiency of

Potash

in the soil. Fertilizers which are
low in Potash will never produce

satisfactory results.

Every farmer should be familiar with the
proper proportions of ingredients that go to
make the best fertilizers for every kind of
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GERMAN KALI WORKS
98 Nassau Street, New York.

Plow the Hard Spots with

Chase’s Patent
Plow Attachment]

You can quickly and easily adjust yonr plow for any
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Liberal Commission to Agents. Send for Circulars.

STEEL

DRUMS

STEEL,

FRAME

For sore or tender feet
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt F ood Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

LAND ROLLER

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Room 820. H. B. CAMP CO. Bessemer Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa-

Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

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Catalog and booklet.

“Arvldeal Harrow” by

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Box 1107 V,
Philadelphia, Pa.

302

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 8,

Live Stock and Dairy

HOLSTEIN BREEDERS AND THREE
PER CENT MILK.

The Cowan bill before the New York State
Legislalure, which sought to increase the
standard of milk in the State to 3.3 per cent
butter fat, is declared “dead.” It is stated
that the opposition of breeders of Holstein
cattle is responsible for its failure. We have
asked a number of these breeders why they
object to increasing the amount of fat Id
“standard” milk.

In my opinion the position of the Hol¬
stein people helped to kill the Cowan bill,
increasing the standard of milk to 3.3
per cent. While the Holstein people are
all the while breeding to increase the but¬
ter fat in .milk, still there are a great many
farmers to whom this bill, if it became a
law, would be a hardship. A standard of
three per cent is reasonable, and it is un¬
reasonable to condemn as adulterated any
milk given by a healthy cow because it
does not come up to a higher standard.

Manlius, N. Y. w. w. cheney.

I am opposed to the bill because not
one-half of the native American cows
give milk containing 3.3 per cent of but¬
ter fat. The majority of native milch cows
are owned by the poorer class of farmers,
who cannot import purebred cattle from
the Channel Islands, which are noted for
their rich milk. It would all react upon
the city consumer, for all the natural
milk containing less than 3.3 per cent
butter fat taken out of the market there
would cause such a scarcity of milk that
nobody would foresee to what price it
would be certainly raised.. c. k. r.

Madison Co., N. Y.

Speaking for myself, I might ask what
warrant there would be for stopping at
3.3 per cent, why stop at less than five?
There are in New York State more of the
Holstein-Friesian breed of cattle than all
the other breeds combined. If they were
not the most profitable dairy breed for the
farmer, the farmers would get some other,
but as they are a hardy even-tempered
race of cattle, having a large flow of milk,
their popularity is increased from year to
year. They are the farmer’s cow, the poor
man’s cow, and their milk is better for
drinking purposes, particularly for in¬
fants, than the higher percentage milk of
highly nervous organizations which pre¬
vail in other breeds. It is probable that
some herds of Holsteins might show an

average as low as three per cent in their
milk tests, and the ordinary average farm¬
er’s cow the State over might show less,
but it does not seem that the New York
Legislature could help matters much by
establishing a standard of milk which
would practically shut out 50 per cent of
the farmers of the State. When it comes
to the production of butter, which is an
entirely different matter, it is a matter of
official record that the Holstein cattle in¬
dividually and as a breed have proven
themselves to be the farmers’ cow in the
quantity of butter produced and the by¬
products, while the quality of the butter
is second to none. frank pidgeon.

Saugerties, N. Y.

The Holstein breeders are not the only
people who should be interested in de¬
feating the bill now before our Legisla¬
ture to increase the per cent of fat in
milk allowed to be sold in this State. Our
Association is probably better posted re¬
garding this matter than the majority of
dairymen, and is therefore more promi¬
nently mentioned as opposing the meas¬
ure. There seems no justice in making an
arbitrary standard for a natural product
in its original state of production. There
is no more sense in requiring a certain
per cent of butter fat in natural milk
than in requiring a certain per cent of
acidity in commercial fruits.' Any law
that interferes with the free sale of a
natural product that is clean and unadul¬
terated I believe to be unreasonable, and
perhaps unconstitutional. Such a law, in
my opinion, would not benefit the pro¬
ducer of milk of a higher butter fat con¬
tent than others; it would merely enable
the middlemen to standardize their milk
and pocket the profit when the average
runs higher than the standard. Many dai¬
ries composed of common cattle, the
Channel Island breeds excepted, will not
at all times of year test above three per
cent. What are needed, and all that are

needed, are laws requiring that food prod¬
ucts shall be wholesome, unadulterated
and sold on their merits.

Cayuga Co., N. Y. t. a. mitchell.

Jerseys for Porto Rico. — M'anager Fisk
of Congressman E. Stevens Henry's stock
farm shipped by express a six-months-old
heifer calf and a three-months-old hull calf
to Porto Rico. The live stock made it partic¬
ularly lively for the express officials, and
they had a very exciting run. The calves are
purebred Jerseys. Manager Fisk had the
calves placed in small wooden pens, strongly
built, with plenty of feed provided for the
trip. The bull calf did not take kindly to his
confined quarters, and made considerable
trouble all the way to Vernon, occasionally
kicking off a board or two for exercise. At
Vernon the real trouble began after they
were unloaded on the station platform. The
young calf soon knocked off a number of
boards, and escaped from the pen. and gave
the express and railroad officials lively exer¬
cise for some time around the station. — Hart¬
ford Times.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

COOPER

SHEEP DIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD «o

your*. Used on 250 millions annually. If local
druggist cannot supply, send $1. 75 forifcii rlOOgul.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 72 Heaver St., N. Y.

RAISE

SQUABS.?

PAYS

We can start you right. Our plant, the larg- I
est in America, ships the finest Squabs that I
reach the New York market, for which we re- (
ceive top prices. Our strain of Homers will do
as much for you. Better stock cannot be got¬
ten at any price. Write for free booklet and
learn something of this fascinating and remu- 1
| nerative business. ATLANTIC SQUAB CO.

Box K, Hammonton, N. J.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
Bowersox,R.3; Bradford, Dk. Co,G

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

. S wks. to 6 mos.. mated not akin,
service Boars, Bred sows. £ Write for
prices and description. Return if not
satisfactory; wr refund the money.
HAMILTON & CO., Ercildpun, Chester Co., Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best English and Amer¬
ican strains- Prices reasonable, quality considered.
MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Beruardsville, N. J.

Spriugbank .

Berkshire;

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars

and some fine J uly and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just righ
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state jit.
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

0. I. c.

Sixty fall and spring 0. 1. C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber
land Farm, Gettysburg, Pa

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Servici
Boars. Best strains bred fron
Registered Stock, pairs not akin
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa

0.1. c.

O. I. C. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, Fast Pharsalia, N. V.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot ot Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Voung
stock for sale at all times.
W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City, Kentucky.

FIFTY BLACK MAM¬
MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad¬
dle stallions all registered or
subject to registry. Our prices
are as low as any firm will make
them Riving a responsible guar¬
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. <1. F. COOK & CO..

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

/c

WILL Rc
SEND

^kBLA

BLATCHFORD'S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE. PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

kBLATCHF0RDS CALF MEAL FACTORY ,
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

l\

,T MILK
INIALS A

m f

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

ANNOUNCEMENT

I will offer at public sale in connection with Mr. C.
F. liunl. on Thursday, April 20, 1905, at Degnan's
Stables, No. 414 South Clinton St., Syracuse, New
York, with others from my herd the following AD¬
VANCED REGISTRY COWS.

BERTHA SHADELAND PAUL 53657, A. It. O.,
3603, bo.n Sept. 14, 1899. Bred to Maplecroft Paul
DeKol, 30480, will be fresh April 24, 1905. Butter 4
years, 20 lbs. 7.6 oz. ; mil*. 437 6 lbs., average fat 3.14;
sister of Paul Eusebia DeKol 23 lbs. 6.8. Her sire’s
dam Is an own sister of Pauline Paul. Twenty pound
cows are rare.

RUBY TERPSTRA 2D 47802, A. K. O. 3002, born
March 15, 1898. Bred to Maplecroft Paul DeKol 30480,
and w ill be fresh April 10, 1905. Butter 20 lbs 2.0 oz ,
milk 440.5 lbs., average fat 3.65. She has 3 A. It. O.
sisters. Her dam is sister of Netherland Maud Mooie
23 lbs. 11.12 and Pleasant Valley Kate 24 lbs. 5.0.
Twenty pound cows are scarce.

PAUL DEKOL AAGGIE BEAUTY 46898. A. R. O.
born March 26. 1898. Fresh Jan. 9, 1905. Butter
19 lbs. 13 7oz.,milk5ul.4 lbs. This cow has8A. R.O.
sisters. Her sire Is a brotherof DeKol 2d PaulDeKol.

ALTOANA DEKOL EDITH 51655, A. R. O. 2565,
born Ftb. 19, 1900. Fresh J an. 12. 1905. Butter 2 years

II lbs. 1.9oz.; butter4 years 17 lbs, 2.1 oz., milk 423
lbs. A fine cow with 6 A. R.O. sisters.

PAULINE PAUL 2D’S QUEEN 49149, A. R. O. 3910,
born Dec. 15, 1898. Fresh Dec. 9, 19J4. Butter 16 lbs.
11.3 oz. This cow is full sister to the sire of Lilith
Pauline DeKol’s $1100 son. This cow is a grand-
daughter of Pauline Paul, the great record cow, and
is superbly bred on both sides.

LA POLK A DEKOL 56492, A.R. O. 3813. born April
12, 1900. Butter 14 ibs. 3.8 oz. Her sire is a brother
of Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline, 34 lbs. 6.2, the world’s
record cow

LUCY B. CLOTHILDE 53313, A. It. O. 3285, born
Aug. 7, 19C0. Butter at 3 years 13 lbs. 12.5 oz., average
fat 3.85. Fresh Dec. 18, bred Feb. 26 to Maplecroft
Paul DeKol 30480.

The above Cows are all good ones. If unable to
attend send for catalogue and mall your bids to me
on the above

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Oil 1C AT EST OFFERING EVER MADE
AT ERA FATE SAFE.

Registered Young Cows Due to
Uresben this Spring.

Two year old registered Heifers bred ^ C
to come in this spring or next fall. f 0

50

75

30

50

50

Registered Service Bulls, ready for
spring service.

Registered male and female Calves,
some of them granddaughters and

30

50

grandsons of the champion cow of the world.

Trt A. It. O. Cows in calf to Mercedes IR
I U Julip’s Pietertje’s Panl, No. 29830, ( U

and to Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Count, No.
29642.

IT FAYS TO HUY THE REST.

Do not have to pay extravagant prices. You save
money by buying here. Full guarantee on every¬
thing. Circulars will be sent on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D., Cortland. N. Y.

Registered H0LSTEIN-MES1AK BILLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old; large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or

R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

iiolstein-friesians

are bred for large Production, Good Size, 8trorg
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Boll, Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J.

GOLDEN STREAMER 66000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.
orA few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

13?" Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

WHITE STRINGS EARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 602.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.21bs.ofbut-
ter in one year. Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 608.4 lbs- of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
lirst and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable
For further information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from #100 to #300, also several mature bulls.

“Sir Clyde’s Son”

Born July 7, 1904. Perfectly marked, nearly one-half
white, an extra individual. Sire, “SIR CLYDE,”
whose sire’s dam was "CANARY’S MERCEDES,”
and whose dam made over 24 lbs., and her milk tested
over 4 per cent. Dam made 14 lbs. 11 oz. at 4 years in
August. Was sired by "ADMIRAL DEKOL,” sire
of 9 A. R. O. daughters. This one should get cows
giving rich milk. T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport.N.Y'

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed In Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. U. DRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

Uni CTPIN Pill | Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOILIIl DULLOfew choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y-

CHOICE REGISTERED JERSEY BULL CALF,
Beautiful Heifer Calf, Two Berkshire Sows and one
Boar Pig. W. F. McSP ARRAN, Furniss, Pa.

Hog;istoroci J ersoys

9 Heifers, 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

THREE FRESH REGISTERED JERSEY COWS
for sale, good milkers; also young stock.

A. S. BEEKMAN, South Branch, New Jersey.

Duroc Jersey Gilts

eligible to regs’y . A. B. Woodhull, Wading ltiver.N.Y

rilirno lorcouc Boars ready for service. 8ows for
LI U I Uu~JCI OCl 0 Spring Farrow. Pigs at weaning.
B. P. Rock Eggs/ L. R. KUNEY, Adrian, Mich.

YOU GAN I ArrUKIl A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY DULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service; at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

AYRSHIRES

A few first-class cows and young stock, Prices right.
Correspondence solicited, Mamie Row Stock Farm,
Cherry Creek, Chaut. Co., N. Y. F. H. Cookingham.

HerefordSnSDorsets^

A PROMPT BUYER WILL GET A BARGAIN-

DR. ARMSTRONG, Lantz Mills, Va.

Sons of Queen’s Czar

No. 55573, A. J. C. C.

(Winner of 21 first prizes, including sweepstakes at
New York State Fair.) I have for sale two fancy
solid colored Bull Calves, over three months old. sure
winners in calf class next fall. Also two of recent
birth. All from first-class registered cows. They
will go cheap to a quick buyer.

Laurel Farm. J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.

POLLED DURHAM FOR SALE- Young Bulls,
6 io 12 months. Also yearling heifer. Reds and ltoans,
Dams good milkers. Price $50 up and registered free.
Address J AS. A. EICK, Hibbetts, Ohio.

COWS TO R SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
h6&d in lots of ten, f. o.b.

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

COR SALE-SCOTCH COLLIE BITCH; 2 years
I old; golden sable and white; thoroughly trained;
Royal pedigree; will ship on approval. $25.

F. C. SMITH & SON, Groton. N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or

v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is iu need of a good stallion
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Term., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

60- GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

prices for best bred and finest DULL CALVES In America. Fine show animals one month
“^year old. Sire contains one-half theb’ood of Katy SPOFFORD CORONA, the World’s Champion
lleiter in In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.

, C.H HITE LEGHORNS, America’s leading strain for 22 years. ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
Long Distance ’Phone. E, H. KNAPP & SON, Fablus, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

3o3

>1 SMALL BIRD WITH BROWN EGG.

One of our readers in Massachusetts has
asked us the following question : “Which of
the following breeds. Brahma, Wyandotte,
Plymouth Rock or Rhode Island Red, is the
best to cross with Brown or White Leghorn.
I want the smallest-sized hen that will lay
a dark egg.”

In our experience we believe that for
brown eggs the Brown Leghorn crossed
with the Barred Plymouth Rock is best.

WESLEY D. EM PIE.

Schoharie Co., N. Y.,

I have crossed B. P. Rocks with Brown
Leghorns. The result was a black fowl,
larger than the Leghorn, good layers of
medium-sized, light-colored eggs. I think
I would prefer the Wyandottes to the
other breeds. e. b. ketcham.

Van Buren Co., Mich.

Tf he wants a little hen why does he
not get a bantam ? There must be several
that lay dark eggs. I have never dab¬
bled in them, so do not know which ones
do. There is a R. I. Red Bantam, but I
never saw one. ■ Some one advertises
them; their eggs, I think, were 50
cents each. Now for the question : Leg¬
horn cock, white eggs, Brahma, Rock,
Red, Wyandotte is the order of size, all
brown egg. Brahma too big. I should
try White Rock from a dark-egg strain,
for if an ordinary or light-egg strain
was used the eggs would be very p&le in
color of shell. It is true that Rocks,
Reds and Wyandottes in the Standard
have a too heavy weight for practical
poultry, and now the powers that be (A.
P. A.) have made the new American
a pound heavier. Walter sherman.

Newport Co., R. I.

The best cross ever made with a White
Leghorn was upon Light Brahma hens.
You must in a cross have first-class poul¬
try, as well as dark eggs. A Leghorn is
a small carcass that hardens quickly. It
should be crossed with a breed that re¬
mains soft in muscles the greatest length
of time. 1 his, you know, is character¬
istic of the Brahma. Again, the Brahma
lays a dark-shelled egg, and controls that
color in the shell to a greater tenacity,
and being a purebred has this greater
strength to control first-class poultry, and
large-sized and dark-shelled eggs. The
cross becomes a cross of two absolute
purebreds, which means the greatest num¬
ber of eggs. All the other crosses you
name, Rock and Wyandottes, and R. I.
Reds are of a composite origin, made up
of two or more breeds, and will not
have that control of the breeding with
the purebred Leghorns that the Brahma
will. Again, with Brahmas the progeny
will be a uniform white fowl and just
what any market caterer wants. If for
the egg alone, and you do not care how
small they are, nor whether the chickens
are of all colors, then your R. I. Reds
will secure you an egg 'with dark shell,
or ought to, but it will depend altogether
on the prepotency of the R. I. Reds. The
progeny will be small, not much larger
than the Leghorns, but the poultry will
not be as nice, nor do I beli.eve as a
whole that the cross will be as profitable
for one to raise. Either the White
Rock or White Wyandottes bred to
White Leghorns will give almost wholly
white eggs. But in all probability the
cross with White Rock gives the larger
number of eggs. The cross with the
Brahmas will bring you a very large
per cent of non-sitters, strange as it may
seem. i. K. felch.

Massachusetts.

K

THE BEST ROASTER

Dorking cockerel on Brahma hens, two
years old, give the best roasters. I have stu¬
died and bred poultry on and off for 30 to
40 years, and while admitting the merits of
many breeds as table fowls, notably the Ply¬
mouth Rock, Wyandotte, Langshans, etc., I
am satisfied there is nothing in the poultry
line that can equal the Brahma. The only
thing lacking in the Brahma is the quantity
of breast meat. This the Dorking supplies.
If your correspondent wants the best table
fowl let him make the cross here suggested
using colored Dorking with dark Brahma
hens, and Silver Gray Dorking with Light
Brahma hens, and he will have It. A cross of
this kind, well cared for and properly fed, will
make the highest quality, (’aponize the males
and fatten the females as they reach matur¬
ity. and you have it. Such fowls as these
will weigh seven to eight pounds and upward.
I have grown them to weigh nine to 10
pounds. hot

Red Bank. N. J.

The Best Roaster Breeds.

T do not think the subject broached on page
234, and there answered by five correspond¬
ents, has yet reached a broadly comprehen¬
sive reply. The three breeds mentioned by
the querist as being already in his hands rep¬
resent that high average of quality which
Americans are prone to assert is the best,
being really unacquainted with the best. I
am speaking not merely of proportion of meat
to bone and offal, but of true delicacy and
sweet flavor of the meat. The Dorking is
so far superior to any American breed, as I
have proved by a personal trial, that it con¬
stitutes a class by itself. It has the smallest
bone of any fowl, and its carcass is heavy
with flesh that is not fat, but tender meat,
always ready for the table. Rut suppose we
fatten it; there will not be that great accu¬
mulation of lump fat in the rear alwlomen.
hut well placed throughout, and most espe¬
cially layer fat about the breast, where it
will do the most good by impregnating the
breast in roasting. However, the Dorking is
a highly artlfieiallzed departure from the

original stock. It is a slow grower, and
should demand the enhanced price that it
costs to produce it on that account. In the
Indian Game we have another artificial prod¬
uct, in quite a different type, but a meat pro¬
ducer of a high order. These two breeds
when crossed make a quicker growing fowl,
which carries a quality of meat scarcely in¬
ferior to the Dorking here, and is the popu¬
lar winner at English dressed poultry shows.

Then there are the Orpingtons, which are
forging ahead very rapidly in this country.
They may be said to be the only breed that
was worked out along strictly utilitarian
lines. They are modified Dorkings. The
black variety has the most desirable traits
from the Dorking. Langslian and Plymouth
Rock, and with such a happy blending of
characteristics that certain defects of make¬
up for carcass are eliminated. The Buff Or¬
pington took its Asiatic blood from the
Cochin and retains so dense a plumage that
it withstands cold to a remarkable degree,
a valuable adjunct to a good roaster whose
sisters are to help keep house. There are
still others besides the Orpingtons which
have borrowed the quality of flesh from the
Dorking race. Among these is the recent
importation known as Faverolles. Then the
IToudan is another, well and favorably known
in this country, to a select few during nearly
half a century. But the man who takes up
these muffed and crested varieties must have
a predilection for fighting varmints — big
and little. Among the choicest breeds for
roasters is the Sherwood, originally a cross
of Brahma and White Game. Though never
having enjoyed a boom, it has won warm en¬
comiums for its strictly practical traits;
large dark eggs from the females in abun¬
dance. And as a table fowl it. has been re¬
ported upon even from Europe, where the
cook of some dignitary claimed that as a
roaster the Sherwood was equal to a capon.

I have never tried them. But from my ex¬
periences with roasting fowls derived from
the Dorking crosses, and the Orpington with
its similar origin, if for private use or a dis¬
criminating market, do not overlook the best
nor bear it any prejudice because it has
somewhat a different, look to what we are
familiar with. ered w. proctor.

Massachusetts.

The American GirL

WHAT MAKES HER POPULAR.

The American girl is admired and liked
at home and abroad because she is the
happiest, usually the healthiest arid friend¬
liest of girls. She is fond of life and is
alive to everything beautiful and good in
existence. Mrs. Langtry has said that the
American woman has little to learn from
her English sisters.

Dr. Pierce, the specialist in women’s dis¬
eases, of Buffalo, N. Y., advises simple ex¬
ercises for women, preferably in the out¬
door air. But many women are confined
to the house and their household duties or
their business confines them to poorly ven¬
tilated rooms.

If a woman suffers from a headache, a
backache, a sensation of irritability or
twitching and uncontrollable nervousness,
something must be wrong with the head or
back, she naturally says, but all the time
the real trouble very often centers in the
womanly organs. In 98 per cent, of cases
the seat of the difficulty is here, and a
woman should take rational treatment for
its cure. The local disorder and inflamma¬
tion of the delicate special organs of the
eex should be treated steadily and system¬
atically.

Backed up by over a third of a century of
remarkable and uniform cures, a record
such as no other remedy for the diseases
and weaknesses pepuliar to women ever
attained, the proprietors and makers of Dr.
Pierce’s Favorite Prescription now feel fully
warranted in offering to pay $500 for any
case of Leucorrhea, Female Weakness, Pro¬
lapsus, or Falling of Womb which they
cannot cure. All they ask is a fair and
reasonable trial of their means of cure.

Barred Rocks

Cox’s Barred Rocks combine .quantity, quality and
utility. Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction
guaranteed. Eggs $1 per 15. J.W.Cox, NewWllmlngton, Pa.

ONLY FINE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

on my place. Eggs, $1.00 for 15. or $4.00 for 100.

E. W. JENKINS, Dover. Delaware.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK - Pine stock a
specialty; eggs for hatching. Yards headed by
“Nucleus” and his equal, winner at the great Roches¬
ter show in 1902. Few equals and none superior.
15 eggs $2, 30 eggs $3.50: safe arrival guaranteed,

SIDNEY SPRAGUE, Falconer, New York.

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 00. Cir. free. JOHN A. KOTH, Quakertown, Pa.

ROSE COMB BUFF LEGHORNS; prize winning
stock: Eggs $1.50 per setting. J. H. STEELE,
East Haven. Conn.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41, Weedsport. N. Y.

I IGHT BRAHMA COCKERELS, PRIZE STOCK.
L C. GORDON, Box 03, Charleston 4 Corners, N. Y.

Hastens growth of little chicks
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

POULTRY.

lOOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-i
■ — — * h J cry thing in the,

iPOULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-1
Jbators, Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
Jit’s our business. Call or let us send you/
Jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the]
J asking — it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Cc

Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. y

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG<

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may bo a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
. page Illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty -two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $150 to $2.50 each. Buck
egg orders booked, $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for Incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New York City. 8C pens, 2,000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

W alley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze and Wild
W Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

A A Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
U 1 1 Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Vw Rates free. J. A. BERG-EY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

pHODft ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar-
red Hocks, White and Silver Wyandottes; hardy
prolific. farm bred. pure stock. For BIRDS, moderate
prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write WALTER
SHERMAN, "25 Boulevard, Middletown, It. I.

D P Blk. Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs, Bar.
ID Li, Rocks, Wh. & Bf.Wyandottes, Reds, Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk. Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. MCCAIN CO., B., Delaware, N. J.

White Plymouth Rocks RftifTgSna

$1 pet 15, $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y.

MAGNOLIA FARM B. P. ROCKS

Best of layers, Eggs, 15, 75c.; 30, $1.25, Exhib. Health
and Fertility guaranteed. Beautiful Double Dahlias,
all colors. Two roots, 25c.; 10, $1. Post-paid.

Mrs. J. F. PERRY, R. 1. Lewes, Del.

RRFn FflR FftfiR -Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
DflCU run CUUOi 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrisonville, Ill

CjGGS for hatching. $1 for fifteen: $3 for 50; $5 for
100. Stock as good as the best; each variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Eggs carefully packed: orders promptly filled. YVhito
Wyandottes; Buff and White Plymouth Rocks: R. O.
Brown, Rose and Single Comb White Leghorns;
Anconas; Black and White Minorcas.

Otselic Farms, Whitney’s Point, N. Y.

EGGS FOR HATCHING from Silver Penciled Wy¬
andottes, Rose Comb Buff Leghorns and Rose Comb
Brown Leghorns, $1 per setting.

A. S. BEEKMAN, South Branch, Now Jei'sey.

ItEKIN DUCK EGGS

MM FOR HATCHING, PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

“ John H. Gamber, R. F. D„ No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

Mammoth Pekin Ducks’ Eggs

$1 for 11; $7 per hundred. Also S. C. White Leg¬
horns, Anconas, S. C. Black Minorca, $1 for 13; $5 per
100. GEO. W. DeRIDDER, Ballston Spa, N. Y.

FOB SALE Fifteen Eggs $1, from my celebrated
S. C. B. Leghorns, noted for their groat laying quali¬
ties. If you don’t think the Brown Leghorns are the
best layers read the Business Hen. Address,

ARTHUR GATCHELL, Alton, Wayne Co,. N. Y.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 ets. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

White Wyandottes Only

Eggs $1 per setting ; $4 per 100. C. A. Hall, Oak Hill, N.Y.

lAfHITE WYANDOTTES, 400 layers, bred for
W * laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival guaran¬
teed. E. H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

Cornish Indian Gaines Both Prizewinners
and White Wyandottes ”

W. C. VALENTINE, Huntington, R. F.D.,New York.

S, C, White Leghorns ^for hatching,

.. . T ... ® r.T.T „ from birds bred

tor business. J. R. WINN, Smith’s Basin, N. Y.

Leghorn, S. C, White and Buff and White

RflolVQ Great Layers and Prize Winners. Eggs $*’

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. R. is. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

e birds.

— - ’for 10 yt _ _ _ _

bite & Rice, Yorktown, N Y

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. Wh “ *y -

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

^ hon Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

J 1 Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bex D.i>. Jamestmrg, N. J.

A Free Book About

Incubators

We issue the best book ever written on
incubators— written by a man who has
spent 23 years in perfecting them— by the
man who made the Racine. It tells facts
that you must know to get the right incu¬
bator. Don’t buy without reading it, for
the book is free. We Pay the Freight.
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87 , Racine, Wis.

Warehouses : Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

For a 50-Eg? Hot Water,
Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
S3 for 50-chick brooder. Only $7.50

for complete outfit. 30 days’

trial, bond for FREE catalogue. 1

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Springfield, Ohio.

No agent's
profits to pay.

AT HALF PRICE

SCOTT

INCUBATORS AND BROODERS

None better — few as good.
Patented, self - regulating,
ventilating, non -moisture.
Sold Y, price of others. Send
for free catalog and poultry
guide. Scott Incubator Co.
Box 89, Abingdon, 111.

Fine Birds

Our 100 breeding pens show fancy stock
that has prize winning blood bred in
them. All the leading varieties of
Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks and Geese.

Rare birds for fanciers from select matines.
Prices low for high quality. Incubator, poul¬
try and poultry supply catalog FREE.

DesMolnes lncb. Co., Pep, 90 OesMoInts.la

2? ORMAS & Brooders

Low In price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

SANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FrilCatalog

$ I O-80 For
■ « 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs air tight; keep and look perfect as
new l.id for a year, Rest in world. You want
it. For detail write

R. E. P. CO,, Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

Watpr ft JJ0Q for Preserving eggs. Endorsed
If QIC! UIQOO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Cliem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

FOR HATCHING

$2.00 for 13

From prize-winning breeds S. C. Brown
Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Barred and
. ^ nite Rocks. Price of Cockerelsand Pullets
$3.00 each. Trios $7.60. Green’s Poultry
Book for 25 cents.

GREEN'S NURSERY CO.,

Rochester,

"■ Y-

EGGS

Buff Wyandotte Eggs for
sale. $1 for a setting of 15,
or $4 a 100. Chas. I. Miller,
R.F.D. No. 1, Hudson, N.Y.

„ , EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock.

LOCUST FARMS, Katontown, N. J.

Poultry

A0R0

Box

Six Breeds for Pleasure & Profit

—the best by test. S. C. White
Leghorns, White Wyandottes,

White Plymouth Rocks, Barred
Plymouth Rocks, Black Min¬
orcas. Light Brahmas.

Exhibition Matings, $5 for 12; $10 for 36.

Laying Matings, $2 for 12; $8 for 100.

\ a of high Quality. Choice

ANGORA GOATS registered specimens of

c . . , _ , .... Bucks, Does and Kids,

Selected Does due to kid in April, $15 to $30 each. These Goats aro
easily raised and sold; are affectionate ana fine pets. New illustrated catalogue free.

Elm Poultry Yards

y. (Estab. 1888.) Hartford, Conn.

3o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 8,

TROUBLE WITH SOWS.

We have had three or four sows that had
litters of young pigs and found that they had
no milk for them, tried to raise them, but
one after another died for want of nourish¬
ment. We feed grains, middlings and small
boiled potatoes. Can you tell me what is
the cause and how to remedy the trouble?

New York. c. l. p.

C. L. P. does not say in what condition
his sows were, as regards flesh, whether
thin, in good flesh, or fat. Nor does he
say the kinds of grains that were fed.
My judgment is that the feed has been
too much in the line of fat producers,
rather than of bone and muscle makers.
The former does not tend to develop milk
secretions, while the latter does. 1 he
sows have not had as much exercise as
they should have had. This kind of
trouble comes in the Winter and Spring
time — very seldom during the grazing
period, when the sows are out to pas¬
ture and have constant exercise. The
remedy is to reach Summer conditions
as nearly as possible. Feed little corn,
and instead, clover, or Alfalfa leaves,
with oats for grain ration, and for slop,
or it may be fed dry. Use bran and mid¬
dlings, equal parts by weight. On this
kind of feed, with plenty of exercise, a
sow can be put in high flesh, and still
do well when she farrows. If corn is
fed sows, it is a good plan to shell it,
and scatter it in litter, and make them
hunt for it. If fed oats, scatter them
thinly over a floor, and let them work to
gather them up. Plan some way to com¬
pel exercise. john m. jamison.

RATION FOR MILCH COWS.

What Is your idea of the below named
rations for milch cows :

No. 1 — 50 pounds corn silage, $2 per ton ;
10 pounds clover hay, $10 per ton; three
pounds cotton seed meal, $26.50 per ton.

No. 2—45 pounds corn silage; 10 pounds
clover hay ; three pounds bran (wheat, $22
per ton) ; two pounds oil meal, $32 per ton.

No. 3 — 40 pounds corn silage, 7V& pounds
clover hay; six pounds bran (wheat); two
pounds oil meal.

No. 4 — 65 pounds corn silage ; five pounds
oat straw, $5 per ton; eight pounds wheat
middlings, $24 per ton.

Ration Cost at Approximate

No. Present prices. Fertilizing value.

1 . 15 per day . 10.3 per day

2 . 16 per day . 10.25 per day

3 . 17.55 per day . 10.75 per day

4 . 17.35 per day . 8.70 per day

Grantsville, Md.

No. 1 has more silage and hay than
you can persuade an ordinary cow to eat
in one day; analyzes as follows:

Pro- Carbo-
tein. hydrates.

50 lbs. silage . 65 7.05

10 lbs. clover hay . 68 3. .>8

3 lbs cotton-seed meal. 1.20 .61

Fat.

.30

.17

.28

Total

2.53 11.24 .75

Cut off 10 pounds silage, three pounds
clover hay and add two pounds hominy
and three pounds bran; this gives you a
better ration and nearer what a cow
would handle. No. 2 analyzes as fol¬
lows :

Pro- Oarbo-

45 lbs. silage .

10 lbs. clover hay....
3 lbs. wheat bran...
2 lbs. oil meal .

Total . 2.24

tein.

hydrates.

6.35

Fat.

.27

.68

3.58

.17

.38

1.20

.00

.69

.12

2.24

11.82

.65

This is better, and a couple of pounds
of hominy or cornmeal would balance it

well.

No. 3 analyzes

as

follows :

Pro-

Carbo-

tein.

hydrates.

Fat.

40 lbs.

silage .

5.64

.24

7V> lbs. clover bay. . . .

2.6!)

.13

6 lbs.

bran .

.75

1.43

.18

2 lbs.

oil meal .

.69

.12

Total

2.36

10.45

.67

* This lacks carbohydrates, and could be
much improved by using three pounds
bran or mixed feed and four pounds glu¬
ten feed with one pound hominy, which
would make a good ration. No. 4 is
“way off,” containing too many carbo-

hydrates, and not a

ration

that the

COW

could handle well.

It analyzes as

fol-

lows :

Pro¬

tein.

Carbo¬

hydrates.

Fat.

65 lbs. silage .

. . .85
. . .06

9.17

.39

5 lbs. oat straw....

1.93

.04

8 lbs. middlings....

3.83

.40

Total .

. . 2.06

14.93

.83

Simply getting an analysis near the
standard doesn’t make a good ration. It
should be palatable, healthful and eco¬

nomical. Combine the three and you
have a balanced ration.

I heard of some students figuring ra¬
tions for a prize, and one, to balance his
nicely, added sawdust, and strange to re¬
late he got the prize, when he ought to
have had a licking, and the professor (?)
should have been compelled to eat the
ration. “Approximate fertilizing value”
should be taken with a grain of salt.
Most of these values are figured on the
plan of saving every particle of both
liquid and solid manure, and we hardly
believe 10 per cent of our farmers do
this. In making up a ration go on the
plan given above, then save all excre¬
ment and you cannot miss it.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

TANKAGE FOR PIG FEEDING.

If 1 have no bad luck I shall have a great
number of pigs come In May and June, with
a good number In March. Corn is worth
45 cents now, and I can buy digester tankage
at $35.50 per ton, analysis '60 per cent pro¬
tein. Would it be good policy for me to sell
some of my corn and buy tankage and mid¬
dlings to grow those pigs on (middlings at
$22 per ton) ? i shall have 10 acres Blue
grass and one patch of rye and rape, and one
of rape, each about one-sixth acre. Of course
I would feed some corn. Wouldn't it pay
to grind it? R-

Barnett, Ind.

Corn is no doubt th . cheapest of the
foods mentioned, but cannot depend on it,
alone, for full ration. The tankage, as
I understand it, also cannot well be fed
alone. It would be necessary to pur¬
chase middlings to mix it with, and as it
is so strong in protein, not a very great
amount need be fed. Some men succeed
well without feeding slop, when they
have corn, and good pasture, by soaking
the corn and feeding it in limited quanti¬
ties. But in this case, as soon as it turns
a little dry, the Blue grass will not make
good pig pasture ; the rye will also soon
be too tough to be relished. If there are
many pigs, the rape patch will not meet
their demands. After rye is matured and
allowed to fall down and the young clo¬
ver grows up through it, I have had it
relished so much by pigs that they would
not come to the feed lot for slop. In this
case I would purchase a desired amount
of middlings, and one-sixth as much
tankage by weight, and try the two,
mixed, in these proportions, going care¬
fully at the start to know what amount
should be fed. Although I have never
fed tankage, it is said to be a good feed,
and well liked by some feeders. But the
price is high, and it is well for the far¬
mer who uses it, or any other prepared
food, to remember that the manufactur¬
ers will make the price to correspond
as near as possible to that of other foods
in regular use by stock feeders. And
often they are too' high in their prices,
considering the high price that the farmer
must pay for the by-products of the mills,
and the correspondingly high prices for
other food products on the market, it is
well for him to grow as far as possible
all needed foods on the farm. Then he
knows their value for his purposes.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

WHAT PRICE MEANS
IN BUYING A SEPARATOR

There are two most important considerations in the purchase
of a Cream Separator. One is efficiency and the other life or dura¬
bility.

Every buyer thinks of efficiency, and while recognizing the
superiority of the De Laval in such respect is frequently tempted
to overlook it because some inferior machine, claiming equal
capacity, is $io. — to $25. — “cheaper” in first cost.

Few buyers stop to think of comparative life and durability.
The established life of a De Laval machine is at least twenty years,
and may be as much more. The twenty years is already proved.

On the other hand, as they are made to-day and run at the
tremendously high speeds they are, in the effort to approach the
efficiency of the De Laval machines, no other separator on the market
can last for more than two to ten years at the outside. The average
will not exceed five years. Examination alone will satisfy every
buyer of this.

The price of a 10 to 25 cow De Laval machine is $100. — and
its established lifetime twenty years. Even if just as good in every
other way, the machine which lasts ten years is worth $50. — . That
which lasts five years is worth $25. — . And that which lasts two
years (and there are several makes on the market which cannot
possibly last longer) is worth just $10. — .

And when you add to this the fact, which nobody who knows
attempts to dispute, that a De Laval machine gains and saves at
least twice as much every year as any imitating separator, it will
be better understood how little FIRST COST of the separator
really means, or rather HOW MUCH IT MEANS even if it is a
little more to begin* with.

A De Laval catalogue, or better still a De Laval machine itself,
helps to make all these facts plain to everybody having use for a
separator, and either is to be had for the asking.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal 8ts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
y & 11 Drum in St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cort/andt Street,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Squar
MONTREAL
76 & 77 York Street.
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

>V V

The Bone and
Sinew of the Fan_

U nlike most animals, the horse is a beast of burden.
The amount of work he performs and the spirit in
which he performs it, depend largely upon the v
ability of his system to appropriate his dinner.

Bone and muscle are required, and if he is unable
to assimilate and appropriate the nitrogenous material
which makes up bone and muscle a weakened and debili¬
tated condition will soon be apparent. j

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

rv.ntn.ins the very essential tonics and laxatives that put the system to work and compel it to take care of the stuff fed.

It la especially valuable for the development of calves and pigs at this season of the year. It prevents flatulence,
indigestion and the like, whets up the appetite and assures perfect assimilation and rapid growth.

maigesyu ^ a condimental food, but a scientific stock tonic and laxative. It is the famous prescription of Dr. Hesa
(M.D., D.V.S.), and Howes its origin to his medical education and long practical stock experience.

per pound in 100 lb. sacks; 25 lb. pail, $1.60. j
Smaller quantities a little higher. Small dose, j w*gt am/south.

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

n.membfrthatfrom the 1st to the 10th of each month Dr. Hess will famish veterinary advice and pre-
_ .iJinn. free if YOU will mention this paper, state what stock you have, also what stock food you have fed, and enclose
“o&ntsfor reply . In every package of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that entitles you to this free

service^** tmytime^ Booh Free _ If you will mention this paper, Btate how much stock you have and what kind of

stock food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Loose Killer KUls Lice.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3o5

CLOVER IN THE SILO.

Would you advise me to put clover in silo
for Summer feeding or cure for hay? I have
enough silage to last until May, and clover
will be ready to cut by June. In the mean¬
time I shall have plenty of pasture. I’lease
give me directions for silaging clover, and
state if there will be much spoiled if I start
to feed as soon as put in. I am making
butter. c. o. w.

Still Pond, Md.

What is Done in Delaware.

We have filled silos with Crimson clo¬
ver, and with Winter oats and clover
grown together, in May, for many years,
using cutter. We have usually filled two
small silos; began using one of them as
soon as filled. For a few days this top
of silo, heating and unfinished as silage,
is not the best of feed, but as soon as we
get down where it is properly fermented
it is all right and better than soiling. Of
course Red clover may be used instead
of the Crimson. We feed this silage
about four months and corn silage the
other eight months of the year, never
pasturing. One feed per day — at noon —
should be dry, either hay or fodder.

Delaware. e. h. Bancroft,

What a Northern Dairyman Says.

The corn plant is the only one in my
judgment intended by nature for the
silo. The composition of the plant,
sugar and starches, are most easily and
safely preserved. The legumes can under
favorable conditions be made valuable,
but under no circumstances would I sil¬
age the clovers or oats and peas, if the
weather permitted drying. I know at
times it is almost impossible to cure them;
then I should cut them fine, add water
and take the chances. Often in the Fall
they can be mixed witn corn; then all
goes well. Soy beans work with corn,
but are poor stuff when put in alone.
Cut the clover after the dew is off on
a hot day; within a couple of hours put
in hay tedder, do not wait until the leaves
are dry. After the clover has wilted, and
when the sun is shining hot, cock it up
with care. Do not roll it, but put one
forkful on another. This will quickly
settle, the heat will dry it, and the leaf
will do what it does when growing, con¬
tinue to evaporate water. These cocks
will shed water after 12 hours, if the
clover is cut before ripening. Sometimes
the hay should be gently turned over.
Never shake it out fine. This is the only
safe, sure way of handling clover.

_ - H. E. COOK.

POULTRY NOTES BY WHITE.

Will purebred S. C. White Leghorns ever
lay brown eggs? j. b. h.

Black Creek, N. Y.

The eggs from the purebred White
Leghorn should be almost snow white,
yet we occasionally see an egg that is off
color, although when placed beside Ply¬
mouth Rock eggs it looks like the em¬
blem of purity.

What should a good laying White Leghorn
hen weigh?

The Leghorn did not have a given
“weight,” in the old Standard of Per¬
fection like the Wyandottes, Rocks, or
other heavy breeds, and I do not think
the new Standard gives it either, as they
were judged by style, shape and car¬
riage, etc. Different breeders have bred
to their own ideas of what a Leghorn
should be, and so a purebred S. C. White
Leghorn mighi be just as purebred
weighing three pounds as one that
weighed four pounds or 4]/2, although
that is the weight we ask of our hens,
and we occasionally have them weigh
over 5 pounds. A cockerel should weigh
five to six pounds to satisfy us, but may
be "well bred” and not weigh four
pounds.

What do yon think of b ns as poultry
food? Should they be cooked or feed raw?
Please give analysis of same, and what to
feed with to make a balanced ration.

Rushville, N. Y. r. g. p.

Although we have never fed many
bushels of beans to poultry we like to
feed them; and believe the hens like

them. They should be cooked soft and
mixed with their mash. Beans are an
exceptionally strong feed, with a very
high per cent of protein, and should be
fed sparingly if you are feeding much
meat, but will help to balance up corn or
other feeds that are lacking in protein.

After my chickens are about four weeks old
they get droopy and die. I lost many of
them last Summer, and I do not know what
to do for them. w. o. b.

Ossinning, N. Y.

Of the innumerable ills that our chicks
are subject to in the days of their in¬
fancy, it would not be possible for anyone
to say what was the matter with these
unless more information was given than
we have in this case. In the first place,
the chicks are very subject to being chilled
in their first few weeks of life, and if
once chilled there is little hope of them.
But although nothing is said of the feed,
I have the idea that is where the trouble
is. They may not have any grit, or they
may have got some musty feed. You
might as well poison them outright as
feed little chicks musty or even slightly
spoiled feed. We once lost a lot of
chicks by feeding some cracked corn
that had heated on the dealer’s hands.
Pie spread it out and dried it thoroughly
and sold it to us as good, killing our
chicks just as surely as if he had gone
gunning for them. f. q. white.

Separators

Only Bowl
With

Proper Bearing

All “bucket bowl” sep¬
arators have incorrect
bearings. The bowl Is
set upon the spindle
and held upright by
rigid bearings. Such
bowls are top heavy, in¬
clined to wobble, sure
to bind.

Tubular bowll, only,
are properly sup¬
ported, being sus¬
pended from and
turning upon a single
ball bearing. A breath
almost turns them.
They cannot wobble or
bind. Catalog L-153 tellfl
all about them.

Tha Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa*.

Pratts Animal Regulator
produced that glossy coat.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

The Drown Iron Cow Stall

All the rage. Best in the world. Used
in the FINEST state, government and pri¬
vate dairy barns in the U. 8. Send for
beautiful circular to KING & WaLKKR
CO., Madison, Wisconsin. Dept. N.

Expensive
Feed

If you skim by the old setting method you leave
cream in the skini milk which you feed to your
stock. This is in reality feedingbutter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take all the butter fat out of yonr milk. 1 1 will in¬
crease the butter production one-fifth. It will give
you warm sweet skim milk for feeding. The

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It has a very
slmplo bowl construction, making
it easy to wash. 1 1 is also the easiest
running of all separators. Write
for our Book so, telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. Tills
Ian requires no payment until
the Separator has proven its
worth after five days’ trial.
Then comes a small cash
payment; the balance in
easy monthly instalments.

NATI0S1L DAIRY MACHINE CO.
NEWARK, N. J. r
General Western Agents;
Hastings Industrial Co., 79
Dearborn St., Chicago, III.
Desirable Agents
wanted In unoccupied territory.

! BARREN COWS
■e* CURED I ‘

•PAMPHLET FREE*

MOORE BROS,V.S., ALBANY, N.Y.

SPAVIINOFCT
CURES ■

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Wlndgall,
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
ShoeBolls.&c.Removes un¬
natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
,and clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROf., APTON, N.T.
gl .00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.'

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblesklll, N.Y.

42 1 1 O Steel frame, round. Preserve per-
I Lx fectly. last long All convenience.

Special rates to clubs and granges

International Silo Co., Dept. B., Jefferson, O.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wo
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

Veterinary r nrr
•Advice JT KtiJLi

Dr. S. A. Tuttlo, a veterinary sur¬
geon of long experience has writ¬
ten a book entitled “Veterinary
Experience” on the diseases of
horses, giving symptoms and
treatment in plain terms. It is
fully illustrated with diagrams
Bhowing tho skeleton and circu¬
latory and digestive systems with
(references that make them plain.
•Tells how to buy a horse and
know whether it Is soiind or not. Every horse owner
should havo one. It is sent to any one.

TUTTLE’S ELIXIR

is the only guaranteed cure for Colic, Curb, recent
Shoo Bolls and Callous. It locates lameness, relieves

and cures Spavins, Ring Bone, Cockle Joints. Cross*
Heel. Scratchos, Catarrh, etc. Send today and get the
book free and information about Dr. Tuttle’s specifics.

Tuttle's Elixir Co. 30 Beverly St. Boston, Mass*

* Avoid all blisters; they are only temporary relief.

THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS

that make a horse Wheeze,
have T h i c k Wind or
Choke-down, can be re¬
moved with

ABSORBINE

or any Bunch or Swelling
caused by strain or inflam¬
mation. No blister. No
hair gone and horse kept
at work. 82.00 per bottle,
delivered. Hook 3-15 free. ABSORBINE, JR., for
mankind, 81.00 delivered. Cures .Goitre, Tumors,
Varicose Veins, Etc. Book free. Made only by

W, F. YOUNG P D.F.; 88 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass.

AS THEY

50METIMES

ARE

"SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SF-A.VIKT CURE

Write us before you lire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-tlie-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil. Wind Puff. Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without sear or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
(12R.OO per bottle with written guarantee,
V — Send for copy, also booklet and scores of
lettera on every kind ot eaae and Iameneaa. De¬
scribe your own caae.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.

Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Means less labor, more and
better butter, larger profits, be¬
cause it - .

Separates Clean.

Has three times the separating
power of other makes. Does
not mix water with milk.
Easier to clean and operate.
No waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout. Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to-
day. Wo want good agcntB.

KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR COJ
30 KaDexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, N.Y.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
Jess power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
andlOH.P. Free Catalogue.

THOS. ROBERTS,'
Box 92. Springfield, O.

FARMERS’ HANDY WAGON

with four inch
steel wheels.
Saves labor,
horse fltsh
and repaii s.
Tires neither
swell, shrink
nor run oflf.

STEEL WHEELS

Straight or Staggered Spokes.
The best repair for your old wagon.
Made to fit any axle. All sizes.
Any width of tire. They earn their
cost on any farm. Catalogue free.
EMPIRE MFC. CO.,

Box 70 CQuIncy, III.

U/HF FI C for any load
▼▼ I ILLLj for any road

It 8 the wheels that make the farmers Handy Wagon famous. They
are made in two varieties — Wood and Metal— but in one quality only, the
very best. The chief advantages we claim for the Handy wheels are that

and low-do wn and make THE FARMERS HANDY WAGON _

easy to load and unload; that they will roll over all sorts of ground without cutting in-

' 1 ' - that they make the Handy Wagon adaptable to

every farm need, and make it the best wagon on
earth for the farmer to buy. Will last a life¬
time, yet they are sold so reasonable that any
farmer can easily afford one. Dealers sell and
guarantee them for 5 years. We’d like to send
you a catalogue that will show you more uses for
this Handy Farm Wagon than you ever dreamed
of. Write for the book today. It’s free.

THE FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO.. SAGINAW, MICH

linnohei: Kimi City and Pea Molnea.

Mater, of Bandy Hay and Stock Rack and Handy Ah Steel Silo. I

HANDY WAGON
WITH FODDER RACK

MADE IN SAGINAW

Buy the Success ^Manure Spreader.

XT , j 4 niul « vnl tl a ) 1 tv* lof a boa mka

_ <sr and avoid all mistakes. The

^ -n-,— first cost of sueh a machine
rtVy £i Vs l\ ls considerable and you owe

fe/,4gy2t t--- It-n:- fj \* " it to yourself to get the

- 1 Z'^314 w ifr—4e<',T' rigUtonein the start. We

•jeWr ~ have been making Manure

j > .rs t hi mi / Spreaders for 26 years and

know that the Suet-ess is right.
Another proof is that there are
j; more of our machines In use
I." than of all other makes com-

, _ ... . ,, blued. Spreads any kind of ma-

llahtalft 1I,mo’ 8alt» a8hes» Plaster and fertilizer, broadcast or In drills. Simplest, strongest,

lightest draft, ©as lest to load, and moat durable. Full guarantee. Stud for our book on Farm Fertility.
It tells the complete story of the Success Manure Spreader. Wo mall It froo.

_ * j */»vvvuu jjwuuiu upiuawti. no nun ■ i i roo,

Kemp & Burpee Manufacturing Co., Box 38, Syracuse, N. Y.

y

April 8,

3o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collinowood, Editor.

J>R. WALTER VAX FLEET, I Associates
Mrs. E. T. Boyle, f Associates.

Jonx J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 Yi marks, or 10 y2 francs.

dose we will eat oranges or bananas. That hotel keeper,
and others like him, are in need of education. He
should be told what a good apple is, and how to serve
it. lie helps injure the market for home-grown fruit.
No doubt he belongs to a class of men who find fault
when a farmer buys imported goods, or goes past a
home merchant to trade. Yet while this man might in¬
crease the demand for home-grown apples, his price and
service is such that he drives people to other kinds of
fruit. Serving good apples at a fair price is a form
of patriotism that ought to be encouraged.

*

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss (o paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, APRIL 8, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

From the West come many reports of dissatisfac¬
tion with the work of the last Congress. The failure
of the Senate to pass the railroad rate bill and the par¬
cels post is regretted by farmers. One good thing is
that such failures do not discourage as they once did.
Now people simply become more determined to make
their wishes known. We feel sorry for some of the
western members of Congress. Life will be a burden
to them all through their vacation, for farmers will tell
them what they think about Congress. Still, the bur¬
den-bearers are the useful members of society. Keep at
them !

*

Do not forget the home garden while engaged in the
Spring plowing. It is no great expenditure of time to
tear up a garden patch with horse tools, and it will en¬
courage the “girl with the hoe,” if the masculine mem¬
bers of the family are too busy to pay much attention
to such “puttering” work. We think the hack writers
who frequently depict the farmhouse as destitute of all
vegetables but potatoes and cabbage are drawing on
their imagination for their facts, yet there are still some
farmers remaining who do not make the most of their
privileges in this line. It will pay in pleasure and satis¬
faction, as well as in actual cash, to plan for a generous
home garden. And do not forget either to include a
packet or two of some little-known vegetable you have
never tried before.

*

We have referred several times to the new business of
calf nursing, which some New England dairymen are
taking up. Here is a typical case which we learned
about the other day. A young farmer with a small herd
of cows has a cream trade. This gives him a good quan¬
tity of skim-milk, and it is not necessary for him to
make more than two trips a week to sell his cream. Not
far away is a breeder of purebred cattle, who has a
trade for his milk. It would not pay to raise calves on
milk that would sell at five cents or more per quart, yet
purebred calves must be raised. The farmer with the
skim-milk makes a bargain to raise these calves. He
feeds them skim-milk anci blood meal with hay and
some grain feed. The little things thrive on this feed,
and at six months old are in fine condition. Both far¬
mers are benefited. The man who sells whole milk has
his best calves raised at a fair price, and the man who
'sells cream gets a good price for his skim-milk.

*

The city of Worcester, Mass., lies in the midst of a
rich farming section, where great quantities of fruit are
grown. An excellent horticultural society is located
there, and the Massachusetts Fruit Growers meet each
year. No fruit meetings are so well reported as these
are by the Worcester papers. Yet for all this there is
great need of fruit education of a practical sort. The
writer recently had breakfast at a Worcester hotel, and
of course ordered baked apple. The price was 15 cents,
and the apple was a poor little thing with one worm-
hole partly cut out and three large patches of fungus on
the skin. To make good measure they added a small
piece of the skin of another little apple! We like ap¬
ples, but before we will pay 15 cents for another such

This year there is more interest than usual in the
use of salt as manure. We have a number of questions
from farmers who ask if it will pay to buy salt. The
question cannot be answered by yes or no. Salt 'con¬
tains sodium and chlorine, neither of which are con¬
sidered essential elements of plant food. When used
in large quantities salt destroys most forms of vege¬
tation, yet when put on asparagus fields it may kill
weeds and grass, but improve the asparagus. On some
very rich soils where small grains or grass will “lodge”
or fall down a fair application of salt gives a stiffer
straw or stem, so that the plants will stand up. Two
reasons are given for this. Naturally the plants grew
too fast — there being too much soluble nitrogen to push
them on. The action of the salt retarded nitrification,
thus giving a slower supply to the crop which, growing
slower, made a stouter stem. Thus the action of the
salt was the reverse of “forcing.” It is also thought
that one action of salt in the soil is to set free silica —
the substance which gives stiffness or strength to the
stems of grain or grass. Thus it will be seen that the
action of salt is complicated, and except for use on
asparagus we should experiment with it before buying
largely.

*

We have done our best to give the facts about “nitro-
cultures” for inoculating seed or soil. In one way the
“boom” for these cultures has grown too fast. A friend
who has made a careful study of the situation puts it
this way :

I am inclined to Relieve that in some ways there is alto¬
gether too much interest in this matter, and that we are
likely to see a reaction sooner or later. That is, many
people are going to use the cultures where they are need¬
less, and with crops where they are not intended. Some will
expect them to take the place of cultivation and phosphoric
acid and potash as well. The man who never will and never
can follow directions will rush into it blindly. In all cases
the failure will be attributed to the cultures, and not their
own heedlessness and ignorance.

It would be hard to see how the directions for using
the cultures that are printed and sent with each package
could be made plainer, yet we are told that some ridicu¬
lous mistakes are made. In some cases farmers simply
punched holes in the ground and put the packages of
culture and their food in together. This was done on
the theory that the bacteria would multiply and spread
all through the soil. Of course the man who paid cash
for cultures and then used them in this way will be sure
to call the whole thing a fraud. Others will use the cul¬
tures in fields where they are evidently not needed, and
of course derive little benefit. That is the way, how¬
ever, with most new things. Benefit comes to those
who study them carefully, understand the principle
which underlies them and apply it.

*

There were two creameries that covered a neigh¬
borhood and were doing a fairly good business,
the patrons getting all there was in it. A pro¬
moter came along for a milk-shipping station and by
rather vague promises of what would be done for them
got sufficient milk pledged to start the concern. The
farmers thought there was a good thing in it, but some
of them got their eyes open a little too late. Good
prices were paid until the creameries had to drop out ;
then they had the farmers at their mercy, and prices came
down. Restrictions as to feeds and management of their
dairy wrere enforced that made the milk cost the pro¬
ducer more. Several of them had silos that had been
put up at considerable expense, and these they were not
allowed to use. Only certain kinds of grain feed were
allowed, and some that were especially good for milk,
and apparently wholesome, were debarred. There was
no more skim-milk left at home with which to raise
young stock, to feed poultry and pigs, and the income
from these stopped and in many cases was much missed.
Instead of the cream gatherer coining three times a
week and taking the cream at the door, each farmer
had to make a daily trip to town with his milk, rain or
shine, unless he hired some of the neighbors. This
round trip of three to ten miles daily took a lot of time
and axle grease. These everyday trips to town made
more opportunities for spending money for things that
they had easily gone without before. A lot of them
wasted two or three hours in town every day, and sad
to relate, quite a fair percentage (by far too great) had
to stop daily at one or two saloons, and “liquor up”
before going home. The creamery used to buy grain for
their patrons, and furnish it at practically cost, saving

the farmers a good many dollars, and by competition
with the miller keeping his prices down. After the
creamery closed up the millers’ prices went up, and the
farmer, instead of buying in ton lots at wholesale,
bought a bag or two a day, and paid top retail price.
Nearly every farmer used to raise more or less of his
own stock, but now thousands of dollars go out of
town yearly to pay for cows to make good the herd.

* *

There are many farmers who cannot understand yet
why we keep talking about Alfalfa. Not having grown
the crop or seen it growing they do not realize what
it would mean to them. We felt indifferent about it at
one time, but since seeing the small field at the New
Jersey Experiment Station and the large fields around
Syracuse, N. Y., we realize the great possibilities of this
plant. The best way to convert a man is to take him
right into the field where the last crop of Alfalfa is
growing, and then into the barn, where the two previ¬
ous crops are bulging the boards off the sides. The
next best argument is to have some reliable farmer
tell what Alfalfa has done for him. John M. Jamison,
of Ohio, is a good farmer, and conservative in his state¬
ments. This is what he says :

Last year here the clover crop was poor, and most of
that saved in poor condition, while Alfalfa did finely. I
harvested mine in good shape, cutting it four times. There
was no clover on the farm to cut. I have 11 acres of Al¬
falfa. It would have taken three or four times the same
area of the best clover in this section to give the same
amount of hay ; clover grown on the same kind of land.
I had an abundance of corn and good fodder, but without
the Alfalfa or its equivalent in clover hay or bran I could
not fill my lots with feeding lambs. The clover hay could
not have been bought, and to buy the equivalent of the
Alfalfa in bran would have cost at least $500, which would
have taken a share in the profits of the lamb feeding.
Where the clover has one chance to make a crop Alfalfa
has three.

Mr. Jamison is putting extra tile into his land at an
expense of $7 an acre in order to fit it for Alfalfa. A
fruit grower or gardener may say: “This may be all
very well for a stock grower or large farmer, but Al¬
falfa is not for me.” There is where he makes bis mis¬
take. We must all keep some stock, and the more ma¬
nure we can make without too great an expense the
better off we are. With two or three acres well set
in Alfalfa we can cut hay enough for all our stock, cut
down the feed bills and save a large amount of land
which would be needed if we attempted to grow any
other fodder crop. By all means hang to Alfalfa until
you get it. _

BREVITIES .

Work lime into the ground.

Last call for ordering goods.

A little draining this Spring will help.

Now is a good time to use nitrate of soda on the grass!

Don’t forget a few transplanted onions in the garden
this year.

Can any farmer tell us about a farm fishpond that is
really a success?

Get ready for water-glass eggs. Preserve them when
cheap to eat while fresh eggs are high.

So great is the curse of consumption that it. is estimated
that two humans die of the disease every minute.

If sunshine is energy why do people who live where there
is most sunshine like to sit down and talk about it?

A woman was recently refused a hotel liquor, license
in Armstrong County, Pa., upon the ground that women
may not legally hold a license to sell liquor in that State.

If a man gives his wife a fair chance to say “I told you
so,” it is her privilege to say it. Some people abuse a
privilege. Others make the privilege stronger by refusing
to use it.

This is a good time of year to start boiling the water,
if there is any doubt whatever of the source of supply.
As we have remarked before, it is easier to acquire a taste
for boiled water than to recover from a siege of typhoid.

A tramp in Indiana tried to crawl into a dog's kennel.
The dog bit him, and the tramp sued the owner. The
court decides that the dog had a right to defend his home!
Even a dog has rights before the law. He does not always
get them !

Hen keeping at Rangoon must be an exhilarating occu¬
pation. A resident who heard a noise in his .henhouse
entered to investigate recently, and was immediately at¬
tacked by a leopard, which lacerated his head, face and
body in a dangerous manner.

A Kentucky firm which advertised for sale “four quarts
of 10-year-old Favordale whiskey and one full quart of
Jed Wainwright's old moonshine whisky for $2.80" has
been barred out by a Postoflice fraud order. The delecta¬
ble fluid offered proved to be raw spirits diluted with
water.

Rather a startling suggestion in parcels post is offered
by II. Rider Haggard, the English writer. He sees no
reason why parcels weighing 100 pounds should not be
carried for the special benefit of the farmer, who might thus
put. a stamp on a barrel of produce and hand it over to
the Postoflice Department for delivery.

A bill before the Minnesota Legislature, providing for
the payment of $2 bounty for each rattlesnake killed in
the State is objected to on the ground that it would make
rattlesnake culture a profitable industry. It is asserted that
in February that State paid $4,096 in wolf bounties, and
that the wolves are carefully protected through the cub
stage, when worth only $1, until past the yearling age, when
worth $7.50.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

307

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — In an opinion delivered March 22 at Annap¬
olis, Md., the Court of Appeals held that the act passed at
the last session of the Legislature, commonly known as the
“Jim Crow” law', requiring steam railways in the State of
Maryland to furnish separate compartments for white and
colored passengers, is valid so far as it affects commerce
within the State, but invalid as to interstate passengers, and
must be construed as not applying to them. The Court of
Appeals upholds the right of common carriers to make rea¬
sonable regulations providing for the separation of the races,
and also the right of the Legislature to impose such regula¬
tions upon common carriers. However, in the matter of
imposing such regulations upon carriers engaged in interstate
commerce, the Maryland court regards the decision of the
United States Court as conclusive. . . . Six miners dead

and four injured, twro fatally, is the result of an explosion
in the mine of the Princeton Coal and Mining Company,
Princeton, Ind., March 22. The explosion hurled supporting
timbers in every direction. In consequence the slate roof
gave way in many places, and the rescuers were in constant
danger from this source. This is the second serious disaster
in the mine, an explosion some years ago having killed nine
men. . . . Three thousand Japanese in the coast coun¬

try of Texas and Louisiana have been refused citizenship
papers. They have appealed. A Government inspector re¬
cently declared as illegal papers issued to several prominent
Japanese land owners in South Texas on the ground that
the Exclusion act applied to them as well as to Chinese.
The Japanese contested the claim, and as the Federal au¬
thorities here are divided in opinion the case has been ap¬
pealed. Over 35,000 acres of land are controlled by Japa¬
nese in Texas, most of which is used in rice cultivation.
They have built up large settlements and are prospering.
Some question having arisen as to their owning the land in
fee simple, it has been developed that a large portion of the
rice lands are held under ninety-nine year leases. All of
them manifest a desire to become 'American citizens. . . .

Following the lead of Kansas in its fight against the Stand¬
ard Oil Company, Nebraska will fight the binder twdne and
cordage trust, and to that end the State Legislature March
25 appropriated $250,000 with which to build and equip a
factory for the manufacture of binder twine. The plant
will be constructed at Lincoln within the walls of the State
prison and the convicts of the penitentiary will do all the
work. The finished article, which is used in binding grain,
will l>e sold at cost to farmers of Nebraska. Should the
experiment prove a success, the markets of adjoining States
may be invaded in time. Work is expected to begin imme-
diatly, and if possible the output will be ready for use in
harvesting this coming Summer. Nebraska, Iowa. Kansas
and the Dakotas use thousands of tons of cordage yearly,
and the exactions of the trust have been increasing from
year to year, dealers say. . . . Gessler Rosseau. the dyn¬
amiter, who says he is really Gessner Russell, of Chicago,
was convicted March 27 at New York of sending a box con¬
taining dynamite and a machine to set it off to the Cunard
steamship pier just before the Umbria sailed on May 11,
1903. 1 1 is sentence may be from one to five years. For

more than three hours Rosseau tried to convince the jury
that he only wanted to illustrate to the British Government
the dangerous possibilities of such a machine to a nation
“that was bulldozing small republics." lie declared that he
had “rendered the dynamite harmless” before he sent it, and
that ho never laid any intention of harming or killing any
one. Neither did he want the infernal machine to get aboard
the Umbria and cause a panic if it was discovered at sea.
Recorder Golf’s charge was considered rather favorable to
the prisoner, but the jury took only about an hour to find

him guilty. . . . Three more concerns of the get-rich-

quick syndicate that has used Philadelphia for a head¬
quarters, and whose fall began with the collapse of the

Storey Cotton Company and the Provident Investment Bu¬

reau, closed their doors March 27. These concerns are I<es-
lie Morris & Co., F. Norton Phillips and Ormison Scott &
Co. All three concerns paid dividends of 48 per cent, a
month. The profits were made, according to the literature
issued, through dealings upon the future of the market.
The customers of these concerns extend over the same terri¬
tory as the Storey Cotton Company, and the Provident
Investment Bureau exchanged lists of dupes with those two
concerns and worked hand in hand with them. Five other
concerns of the get-rich-quiek syndicate have been placed
under surveillance by the postal inspectors. All are in Phil¬
adelphia, conduct all their business through the mails, offer
fabulous profits and have an immense patronage throughout
•the country. So firmly is the Post Office Department con¬
vinced that Philadelphia is the headquarters of an endless
chain of such schemes that W. W. Stone, the postal inspector
who has done all of President Roosevelt’s special investiga¬
tions, and Inspector Myer, who uncovered the scandal in
the Post Office Department about a year ago, have been sent
to work upon the case. . . . Judge It. W. Taylor over¬

ruled the motion for a new trial March 27 in the case of
Mrs. Cassie L. Chadwick and sentenced her to serve 10 years
in the Ohio Penitentiary at Columbus and to pay a fine
equivalent to the costs of her trial. The case will now be
carried to the Court of Appeals at Cincinnati, and conse¬
quently M’rs. Chadwick will not begin her sentence until this
tribunal has passed on the matter. . . . Thomas J. Con¬

nors, general superintendent of Armour & Co., was arrested
March 28 at his residence in Chicago, on a bench warrant
Issued by Judge Sanborn, charging him with contriving cor¬
ruptly to influence and intimidate witnesses who are ex-
pected to give testimony before the Federal Grand Jury in
the beef trust investigation.

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS. — An open competitive
examination will be held in New York City March 30 and
April 15. 1905, for the position of Recording Clerk (folio
writer) in the office of the Register of New York County.
Open to men only. Competitors must be at least 21 years
of age, and must he citizens and residents of New York
County. The time allowed for examination is six hours.
The subjects of examination and their relative weights are
as follows: Spelling,. 2; arithmetic (fundamental rules,
common and decimal fractions and United States money), 1 :
copying from plain copy, 3 : penmanship, 4 : typewriting and
cop'ying with Elllott-Flsher book typewriter, accuracy. 7 ;
speed, 3. For application blank address Chief Examiner,
State Civil Service Commission, Albany, N. Y. The State
Civil Service Commission announces general examinations to

be held April 22, 1905, including the following positions, for
which application must be made on or before April 17 :
Histological laboratory assistant, Pathological Institute:
jury notice server, Queens County ; law .examiner. Board of
Statutory Consolidation ; library assistant, State Library ;
matron, Newark State Custodial Asylum; stenographer.
Queens County Service; storekeeper and purchase clerk.
State Hospital for Tuberculosis, Raybrook ; sub-inspector of
public libaries, Education Department ; traveling agent.. De¬
partment of Agriculture ; woman officer, State institutions.

“HISTORY OF A MILL.” — The above is the caption of
an article by “S” on page 239, and is so misleading that: I
venture to make a correction. The first cut steel nails made
in this or any other country were made by the Riverside
Iron Works, Wheeling, W. \a.. of which Frank J. nearne
was manager. The nails were made from steel made in
their own steel works, built expressly to furnish nail plate
for the nail mill, which was orisrinall.v built in 18(>t>. The
w'riter was in the employ of the company at the time, and
took an important part in the introduction of the steel
nail (cut), sold under the name “Blue Brand steel nails”
to distinguish them from the old style package. I made
one trip in July, 1883, and extending to September, in
which time the net result was the sale of 15 kegs, or at
the rate of one keg in 15 days. The puddlers’ strike of
1882 was the cause of changing from puddled iron to
Bessemer steel. I could give a more extended account,
but) this will suffice to correct any wrong impression as to
who should get the credit for the first introduction of cut
steel nails. This long strike was also instrumental in the
introduction of wire nails. The long strike had the effect
of leaving the trade without nails, and we had to resort to
all kinds of stock to get even a few, and of course took
wire nails made by the II. P. Nail Co., of Cleveland, the
only factory making a nail suitable for general purposes
in America. The Riverside Iron Co. never built a wire
mill, and never had an interest in one, but in 1888 began
making Bessemer steel pipe, which made them the pioneers
in this branch of business as well. They were also the
first mill in this or any other country to make Bessemer
steel bars. k. c.

BUSINESS BITS.

W. W. Cheney. Manlius, N. Y., makes announcement in
this issue of a public sale in Syracuse. N. Y.. at which sev¬
eral of his finest. ITolsteins will be offered. Those who are
unable to attend the sale can send bid to Mr. Cheney by
mail. A catalogue giving full description of each animal
will be mailed free to anyone requesting it.

Spreading of manure by hand is perhaps one of the worst
drudgeries of farm work. The modern manure spreader
saves all this hand work, and it has been demonstrated be¬
sides that the machine will pay for itself in a few seasons
because of more evenly spreading the manure than can
possibly be done by hand. It will pay any intending pur¬
chaser to send for the catalogue just issued by the J. S.
Kemp Mfg. Co., Newark Valley, N. Y., and read it from
cover to cover.

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the field. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

Black Bull

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’£2’l$ A|«0

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PAGE FENCE

outlasts tho posts. So write many
first users. Why? Because the
horizontul-bars are very hard
hlgh-eurhon double * strength
wire, and the continuous cross¬
bars aro so firmly fixed that it is

_ practically impossible to pull tho

fence to pieces or spread tho horizontal bars apart.
Write for March PAGE FENCE AGE showing 19 year
old Page Fence, and giving the owner’s testimony.
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 745. Adrian, Mich.

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can’t slip, but stretches
ground. Finemeshes at
High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft.
for all fowls that does not sag,

;s perfectly to fit uneven
at bottom for little chicks.
A poultry fence

We sell direct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main St., Colchester, Conn.

SOME TRUTHFUL STATEMENTS ABOUT

CREAM SEPARATOR AWARDS

The shouting' of our “ Would-be Competitor ” reminds us of the old story of the running thief who, in his
efforts to direct the attention from himself, cried louder than any one else, “ Stop thief,” but it will not work this
time, for he is known too well in the Rogues’ Gallery.

Our “ Would-be Competitor” flatters himself that he is the “ Only can on the ash heap,” and we are perfectly
willing to concede him that distinction, for that is appropriate to his station and methods, but when he c’aims to
be the “ Only pebble on the beach ” — that is too clean for him, as there are other pebbles much cleaner and brighter.

Our “ Would-be Competitor” is continually misrepresenting and bluffing, in order to detract attention from
the merits of the case. We have repeatedly offered to forfeit large sums of money if our statements are not correct,
provided they would give the same amounts if our statements are correct. We know that our statements are correct,
We know that our “Would-be Competitor ” has continually made false claims.

We now offer the following amounts, to be given in premiums to any State Dairymen’s Association if the
following statements are not correct, provided our “ Would-be Competitor ” will give the same amounts if our state¬
ments are correct.

$5,000.00

That there was no test of cream separators made at the St. Louis Exposition. That the claimed awards on
cream separators at the St. Louis Exposition are among some of the worst scandals at that Exposition, which is now
becoming noted for its scandals and gi*afts

$5,000.00

That in the four different months’ scorings of Dairy Butter at the St. Louis Exposition, every highest score
was given to the United States Cream Separator Butter.

$5,000.00

That the United States Cream Separator made the world’s record for the most thorough separation of
cream from milk in the Model Dairy at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo in 1901, beating our “would-be
competitors ” and every other Separator that dared to enter that contest.

$5,000 00

That the United States Cream Separator was awarded a Gold Medal at the Pan-American Exposition.

$5,000.00

That the United States Cream Separator was awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris Exposition in 1900.

$5,000.00

That our “ Would-be Competitor” did not receive a Grand Prize or any other prize at the Paris Exposition,
according to the official list. They have admitted this in the papers in days gone by, and have tried to pq,lm off a
fac-simile of a certificate awarded an insolvent concern, which they got possession, of by purchase or some other way,
but this is too transparent deception for the public to swallow.

$5,000.00

That the United States Cream Separator received the Highest Award on Separators at the World’s Fair,
Chicago, in 1893.

$5,000.00

That the United States Cream Separator has whipped our “Would-be Competitor’s” Separator at every
International Exposition where both were exhibited and contests have been held.

$5,000.00

That many hundreds of prominent dairymen who formerly used our “Would-be Competitor’s ” Separators
have discarded them for the United States Separators.

We quote from our “ Would-be Competitor’s ” advertisement, and make the same offer :

i ft

TO EVERY DAIRY FARMER

Furthermore, we pledge ourselves to present one of our latest $100 machines to every fair-minded dairy farmer
having use for a cream separator, to whom any one car show facts proving that the above statements are not absolute
truth, and that any one has not viciously lied in ever asserting anything to the contrary.”

The Vermont Farm Machine Company, Bellows Falls, Vermont

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kansas City, Mo., Salt
Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and

Sherbrooke, Que., and Hamilton, Ont.

ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT

3o8

April 8,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

From Day to Day.

Who mourns? Flow on, delicious breeze!
Who mourns, though youth and strength
go by?

Fresh leaves Invest the vernal trees.

Fresh airs will drown my latest sigh ;

This frame is but a part outworn

Of earth’s great whole, that lifts more high
A tempest-freshened brow each morn.

To meet pure beams and azure sky.

Thou world-renewing breath, sweep on,

And waft earth’s sweetness o'er the wave,
That earth will circle round the sun
When God takes back the life he gave !.

To each his turn ! E'en now I feel
The feet of children press my grave,

And one deep whisper o'er it steal—

“The soul is His who died to save.”

— Aubrey de Vere (1814-190.3).

*

Here are a few of the questions asked,
according to one chronicler, by one small
boy during two minutes of conversation :

1. Do kittens take off their fur when
they go to bed at night? 2. Who cooked
dinner when all the big people were little
boys ? 3. Why don’t oysters have tails ?
4. What kind of medicine is it the chem¬
ist has in the big green bottles in the
front window? 5. What does Santa Claus
give little boys skates for when there
ain’t any ice? 6. When I drink water,
why don’t it run down into my legs?

*

Some commercially made lemon pies
were recently analyzed by an Illinois food
inspector, who thus describes them :

Starch, in thick, firm paste ; flavored
slightly and very little acid; 21 per cent
sugar. Aniline coloring (methyl orange
group). This color is made synthetically
from aniline, and aniline from coal. Method
— -di-methyl-aniline on diazo-henzene-sulphonie
acid. Methyl orange is poisonous in large
doses. Found to contain very little flavor¬
ing and acid from lemon. Filling of starch
paste, sugar, and colored deep yellow.

This seems a strong warning to absorb
only such pies as mother used to make.
As an encouragement to those who still
build the homemade pie we submit the
following recipe for whipped cream pie,
warranted to be free from di-methyl ani¬
line: Line a pie plate with a rich pie
crust and bake a light brown. When
thoroughly cold, spread with a thick rasp¬
berry jam and heap up with whipped
cream previously sweetened with half a
cupful of sugar.

*

The Normal schools teach their sub¬
jects in class by “development,” says the
New York Sun, and sometimes they get
curious results from the children. A
teacher giving a lesson in colors was get¬
ting along swimmingly. He had obtained
from the children, by inductive method,
the names of all the primary colors ex¬
cept violet. He had failed to get the
word violet before them without telling
them directly, so he resorted to the plan
of introducing the word meadow and then
connecting the flower violet with the
meadow in their minds.

ffHow many of you know what a mea¬
dow is?” he asked.

Everybody knew.

“How many of you have seen a mea¬
dow ?” he suggested. They all had.

“How many can tell me what grows in
a meadow?” lie beamed, getting nearer to
to his color word.

All hands went up.

“Well, Mamie,” he said to the star
pupil, “you may tell me what grows in
a meadow.”

“Cows,” responded Mamie, with en¬
thusiasm.

*

Next Summer it will be worth while to
try the following recipe for gumbo, given
in “Another Hardy Gardan Book,” by
Mrs. Rutherfurd Ely: The soup takes
four hours to make. Put into a kettle
two pounds of lean soup beef, one-half a
chicken that has been jointed, a small
ham bone, or a good-sized slice of lean
bacon, a slice of green pepper and a
square inch of onion. Add three quarts
of water and boil or simmer gently, skim¬
ming often for two hours. At the end
of this time add three pints of okra that
has first been cut in slices and fried light¬
ly in a very small amount of butter, also
a large potato cut in pieces, which grad¬
ually breaks and thickens the soup. An
hour later, after frequent skimmings, add
a full quart of tomatoes and the corn cut
from two large ears, also the cobs, and
boil gently for another hour. Then re¬
move the corncobs and what is left of the
beef, and the chicken bones, leaving the
chicken meat in the stew ; season with
salt, cayenne pepper, a teaspoonful of
Worcestershire sauce and a teaspoonful
of sugar, and it is ready to serve. Dry
boiled rice is nice served with this gumbo,
which is a stew rather than a soup. Many

recipes for gumbo call for a small quan¬
tity of “fillet powder;” this is the tender
young green leaves of sassafras, dried and
pounded fine.

*

The handsome slip coverings for furni¬
ture now displayed give ideas in house¬
hold decoration. Where one has stuffed
furniture, these coverings are a necessity,
and they are quite as useful in renovat¬
ing old furniture as in preserving new.
There are many fabrics besides the plain
damask. Fancy art ticking, 36 inches
wide, white ground with small floral pat¬
terns, costs 28 cents a yard; cotton taf¬
fetas, 34 inches wide, light ground with
colored floral designs, 28 cents a yard,
while linen taffetas 36 inches wide, have
grounds of linen color, pink, green and
blue, with floral pattern, price 40 and 45
cents. Printed dimities have light grounds
and colored floral stripes ; they are de¬
lightfully quaint, and cost 30 and 50
cents a yard. Plain white dimities, with
floral and plain stripes, wash well and
cost 25 ‘.o 40 cents a yard ; they recall old-
fashioned English bed hangings, such as
we recollect in childish days, when peo¬
ple were more afraid of drafts than of
germs. Cotton damasks are 31 inches
wide, and cost 30 and 35 cents a yard.
Jacquard linens are really beautiful with
plain ground and colored stripes ; they are
50 inches wide, and cost 70 cents a yard.
Heavy German linens are 66 inches wide,
and cost 55 cents a yard. English cre¬
tonnes are charming in all sorts of floral
patterns ; they cost from 40 to 90 cents a
yard. They are much used for bedrooms,
and give a very Summery effect with fur¬
niture of white enamel or bamboo.

A Point oil Bread Making.

Although I have made entire wheat
bread for years, I have just learned some¬
thing new about it. Sometimes the bread
will not be as good as usual. It will be
tolerably fine grained, but it will seem
hard and clammy, and the flavor will not
be quite what I like. I have discovered
that when the bread is like this it is be¬
cause it did not rise quickly the second
and third times. I set the bread, at night,
and in the morning it will be well risen,
usually. I then cut it down and let it rise
again. It should come up quickly, and
when it does I knead it and put it in the
pans to rise once more before baking. If
it does not rise quickly, but is slow and
sluggish, I cut it down again and put it
in a warmer place, then it usually comes
up quickly, as it should, and the result
is bread that is livht, soft, tender and of
good flavor. I think this may be the
trouble with many housekeepers who do
not succeed with entire wheat bread.

_ s. B. R.

Notes From An Old Friend.

Charity Sweetheart’s letters are inter¬
esting, but sad. She needs a vacation.
I wonder if I shall be speaking too plainly
if I suggest that Minty “take up the bur¬
den of life” for awhile and try kitchen
work in place of patchwork.

I tried the recipe for cranberry and
apple jam, and find it excellent.

I suppose many of us are dreaming of
strawberries ripe. A nice way to make
shortcake is to bake a layer cake and use
the sweetened berries for filling. Red
raspberries are also a very nice filling.
But T can eat my strawberries with sugar
on them accompanied by good bread and
butter all the season through, and at the
end, sigh for vanished pleasures.

The R. N.-Y. has been in my family
nearly 20 years, and was in my father’s
home much of the time from my child¬
hood until I was married. So you see
the paper is an old friend of mine, and I
often wish I could meet some of the con¬
tributors to its pages, hattie l. wilson.

The Bookshelf.

Another Hardy Garden Book, by He¬
lena Rutherfurd Ely. This is a second
volume by the author of “A Woman’s
Hardy Garden,” with the same excellent
printing, attractive binding and good half¬
tone illustrations that distinguished the
first book. It includes a chapter on vege¬
tables and another on fruits, in addition
to the discussion of ornamental plants, but
these departments are not very illuminat¬
ing. The flower garden is handled with
more certainty and understanding. The
plant names, however, are carelessly han¬
dled by the proof-reader, and show a good
deal of misspelling. Published by the
Macmillan Company, New York; 243
pages; price $1.75.

Cherish pity, lest you drive an angel
from vour door. — Wm. Blake.

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soap=making

TheBanTierLye way of making soap does
away with boiling and large kettles. W ith
your kitchen grease and a 10-cent can of

Banner Lye

you can make 10 pounds of hard soap or
20 gallons of soft soap, and it’s all done
in ten minutes. Better soap than you
can buy — free from rosin and all adulter¬
ants — and nothing could be cheaper.

Banner Lye is without an equal as an
enemy to all forms of

dirt and disease

It cleans and disinfects
every part of the home,
and makes kitchen and
dairy utensils sweet and
sanitary.

Banner Lye is not old-
style lye. It is safe, odor¬
less and colorless. Packed
in patent easily opened
packages.

Banner Lye is sold by
your grocer or druggist.

Write to us for free book¬
let “ Uses of Banner Lye."

The Penn Chemical "Works Philadelphia USA

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY

WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO.,

350 Jefferson St., Milwaukee, Wis.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any lino.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

PAPER

YOUR

OWN

WALLS

IlNTow is Tlx© Time

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you
see our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and ingrains at ft to |
12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you 50 p.c. ; we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our free book ofsamples with complete |
instructions for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

HOOD RUBBERS

’hoop"

TRADE [rubber commvy] MARK)
BOSTON “

NOT MADEBYA TRUST

/F rots C4/V/VOT OFT FSSFSF FUB-
tt/ts mom roi/ftDfMF/f-m/rFVs

Invaluable for relieving Hoarseness
or toss of Voire, Coughs. Irritation or
Soreness of the Throat. In boxes only.

imitations.

FREE PAINT SAMPLE OFFER

Cut this ad. out
and mall to us, and
we will send you
FREE, by return
mail, postpaid,
our Bl«. New
.Paint ColorSsm-
Iple Book. This
[free book con¬
tains samples
showing the ex-
act color of every
shade of ready mix¬
ed House, Barn.
Graphite-Creosote,
Floor, Roof, Min¬
eral, Enamel and
Buggy Paint, also
everything In paint
and painters’ supplies, Including oils, leads, varnishes,
dry colors, stains, brushes, sundries, etc.

FREE BOOK HOW TO PAINT. With the color gampla
book we will also send you our free book How to Paint,
showing by means of pictures and simple directions lust
bow anyone without any previous experience can do a
fine job, also just how much paint is required to cover a
given space, how to order, how to select "colors, kind of
paint to buy, all valuable Information, makes everything
SO plain that anyone eaa order and do the work successfully.

- per gallon for highest grade Seroco Weather.

proof Mineral, Barn, Roof and Fence Paint,
per gallon for highest grade ready mixed house
paint. Our Seroco, our own special ready mixed
paint for houses, for wood, brick, stone or Iron surfaces,
:or finest Inside finish or coarsest outside work, is sold
under our binding guarantee aa the best paint made,
will cover double the surface, last twice as long, at one-
half the cost of other paint, never cracks, peels or blis¬
ters, guaranteed for five years, and will look better at
the end of five years than other paintwlll after one year.
Testimonials from painters everywhere and color sam¬
ples of Seroco in our free color sample book. If you
want to paint your house, barn or other buildings, don't
fail to get these 2 BIG FREE PAINT BOOKS and SAVE
ONE-HALF ON THE PAINT YOU NEED, Address.

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO.; U.UNO?S.'

50c

85c

La

AoJUk/twa

Book sTf Free. Dr. P

cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards.
P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y

iHrmimi irn ititi 1 1 1 1 1 n f

in

r n ' >. p: r

u'juilhidJl - k'xMot

Ell

New Steel Roofing and Siding

Painted red on both sides

92.00 Per 100 Square Feel .

Most durable and economical covering for Roofing, Siding or Celling, for Burns, Sheds, Houses, Stores,
Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Cheaper and will last longer than any other material. Sheets

We Pay the Freight

to all points Fast of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for prices for shipment
to such points. This roofing at 12.00 per square Is our No. 10 grade, flat, semi-hardened. H2.10 for corrugated,
“V" crimped or pressed standing seam. |2.25 for brick siding and beaded celling or siding. No experience
necessary. Send us your order for Immediate shipment. We have otbe grades.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE No. C- 57, on Building Material, Wire, Pipe, Plumbing Material,
Furniture, Household Goods, etc. Wre Buy ut Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th & Iron Sts., Chicago.

six and eight feet long.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3o9

The Rural Patterns.

The skirt and waist here shown will
make a very attractive Spring and Sum¬
mer costume either in silk or light woolen.
The waist is made with the fitted lining
and consists of the fronts and the back,
the closing being made invisibly at the
front. It can be either shirred or tucked
between the box pleats, but when shirred
must be stayed by means of the lining.

Blouse Waist, 32 to 40 bust.

The sleeves are full above the elbows,
snug below, and there is a shirred belt
that is made fashionably wide in girdle
style. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 5 yards 21, 4 yards
27, or 2-54 yards 44 inches wide with Y\
yard of silk for the belt. The pattern

4992 is cut in sizes 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40
inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

The skirt is made in seven gores, there
being a box pleat at the center front and
at all the side seams. When shirred be¬
tween these pleats it is arranged over a
foundation yoke, which serves to keep
the gathers in place, but when tucked can
be stitched into place simply. The clos¬
ing is made invisibly at the back. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size is 11 yards 21, 10 yards 27 or
5 x/2 yards 44 inches wide. The pattern

4993 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and
30 inch waist measure; price 10 cents.

The Girl With the Hoe.

It is safe to wager that our girl gar¬
dener will show more sense than the av¬
erage man with the hoe in the matter of
providing a succession of tender, just-right
vegetables for the table. She will be con¬
tent to sow half rows of peas or
string beans, wait a week and then sow
the other half her seed, remembering
how trying a cook finds it to have a bushel
or two of peas all in their best crisp
sweetness one week, tough old peas the
next week, and none at all later, though
her household expects three appetizing
meals each day and variety withal. Upon
the matter of sweet corn especially does

4993 Seven Gored Skirt, 22 to 30 waist-

the cook hold strong prejudices, and in
gardens where her advice is respected
fresh plantings are made every fortnight
from earliest sorts up to the final olanting
about July 4 in the writer’s climate.

Radishes, lettuce and parsley should go
so promptly from garden bed to table that
they seem to deserve a special bed of
their own not far from the back door, and
are scarcely to be classed with the ranker
growing vegetables of the open garden.
No girl will need telling that the first two
must grow rapidly to arrive at their crisp
and tender best. Plenty of fertilizer and
frequent hoeing are therefore very essen¬
tial. “The broom of the stomach” is apt
title for lettuce, cucumber, spinach, water¬
cress and such vegetables as may be eaten
uncooked, for human being* have a= great *

need of green stuff as poultry or a caged
canary. But watercress need not call
upon the girl for an extra flourish of the
hoe handle. If she have anywhere about
her home a moist spot where spring water
trickles off into oozy dampness she can
merely sow a packet of seed there and
leave the cress to care for itself. At least
some fine beds near my home came to s
in this way, but it may be the safer plan
to raise the young plants in pans of very
moist earth and transplant to the swamp
later.

Swiss chard is one of the woman-gar-:
dener’s standbys. It grows so rankly as
to usurp the ground, and few weeds have
the hardihood to dispute its claims to the
moisture and the sunshine. Boiled not
too long in salted water its tender leaves
make excellent greens. You may shear
off just above the crown of the plants,
as much as needed, and before long an¬
other crop of fresh leaves will have grown
in place of those removed. If the leaves
are allowed to grow to full size they will
have each a stalk and midrib, white and
tender as celery. Pull these, cut away the
green part of the leaves, boil the stems
till tender and you have the foundation
for an appetizing vegetable salad ; cov¬
ered with a mayonnaise or simple boiled
dressing few will fail to relish this cool
and tasty addition to the farm tea table,
and finally if the chard which has found
no other use be pulled and thrown into
the poultry yard you will wonder poultry
raisers do not grow cuard on purpose to
feed to their yarded flocks.

When planting vegetables which must
have space to trail about, as cucumbers,
sauashes and melons, our girl needs to re¬
member that on the preparation of the
hill depends success. If she can provide
a half bushel of good compost, mixed
with the soil, and covered with a little
plain soil in which to sow the seeds, ample
will be her reward. As soon as the seed¬
lings are well up a handful of plaster
sprinkled over each hill will be necessary
to protect from bugs. Of course melons
do best on a light, sandy soil, and there
are localities where it is useless to plant
them.

As to the sort of fertilizer it is best to
use, circumstances go far in deciding the
matter. A load or two of well decom¬
posed compost that had been taken from
the pigpen, used to give when broad¬
cast over our garden at plowing time
the finest of vegetables. Many mechanics,
with only a tiny backyard and such com¬
post as can be taken from a small hen¬
house, raise each year a supply of vege¬
tables that some farmers’ wives might
envy. When heavy labor is a matter of
importance undoubtedly some complete
fertilizer of standard make is the best
choice. Whatever is used, let there be
plenty of it, for poor soil will always
grow plenty of weeds, and if one must
hoe, the quicker the vegetables usurp the
space and cover the ground the better for
the hoer. Moreover, it is only when veg¬
etables make rapid and vigorous growth
that they are luscious to eat and fit re¬
ward for the girl who has wielded the
hoe. PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

Live not for selfish aims. Live to shed
joy on others. Thus best shall your own
happiness be secured ; for no joy is ever
given freely forth that does not have
quick echo in the giver’s heart. — H. W.
Beecher.

WASTING AWAY

It’s the small but constant
loss of flesh that indicates
physical waste — the gradual
slipping away of healthy flesh,
pound by pound, which no
ordinary food seems to re¬
store. Scott’s Emulsion will
restore it. This Emulsion is
the greatest flesh builder ob¬
tainable. Scott's Emulsion
first stops the wasting — that’s
one gain. Then when it sup¬
plies new flesh and takes one
back to normal strength and
weight, that’s another gain
and a big one.

We’ll send you a sample, free
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street. New York

Buy

From

the

Mill

Save Half

It's true economy to
buy your clothing direct
from the mill. No
dealer’s profits. You can
get two suits for what
you usually pay for one.
Handsomely made and
trimmed. Guaranteed to
give satisfaction. Plenty
of patterns to choose
from.

Men’s vfooi

$y.5o |g s

Suits
1 2—

Ladies’

Spring

Dress

Patterns

in all

Shades

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Pana¬
mas, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Henriettas,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
•amples and catalogue.

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,
203 Main St.f Somerville, N. J.

“I followed the
trail from Texas

On the Trail
with a Fish Brand ’^IA'Irand

TT f 1 Slicker, used for

Fommel Sucker an overcoat when
~~ ~~ ~ - ““ " — cold, a wind cost

when windy, a rain coat when it rained,
and for a cover at night if we got to bed,
and I will say that I have gotten more
comfort out of your slicker than any Other
one article that I ever owned."

(The name and address of tho writer of this
unsolicited letter may be had on application.)

Wet Weather Garments for Riding, Walk¬
ing, Working or Sportihg.

HIGHEST AWARD WORLD’S FAIR, 1904,

A. J. TOWER CO.

BOSTON, 0.8. A.

TOWER CANADIAN
CO., Limited
TORONTO, CANADA

*54

The Sign of the nib

015% M0RE INC0ME

M Without Speculation.

kMIJ

825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

RESTRICTED loans on bond
*^and mortgage to thrifty home
buyers who pay all Interest and
part principal monthly. That Is
the way tho funds ofour clients
are invested; and 1 1 years’ con¬
stant growth of assets, surplus
and profits indicates the meas¬
ure of success achieved. We re¬
invest your 4 p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU 5 p. c. per an¬
num for every day we have
them, increasing their earning
power 25 p. c. Write for par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . 81,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
8160,000

Industrial Savings it LoanCo.
1134 Broadway, New York.

HARNESS

We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CO., 0 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

Ail Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hlghtstown, N.J.

puRiWHmll^D

is the very best paint for a
farm house or any building
exposed to the elements. It
combines with the oil and
protects the surface covered
as NO other paint can. It
goes farther and lasts longer
than any other paint. Any
man can mix and apply Pure
White Lead, but a practical
painter’s skill is worth more
than it costs.

BOOKLET FREE : " What Paint and

Why ” tells the truth about house-paint and
shows how to make sure of strict PURITY
in White Lead. Sent free from any of
our branches.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead fit Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
Rural Mail Box. and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

No Money Required

until you receive and approve of your
bicycle. IV e ship to^ anyone on

TEN DAYS FREE TRIAL

Finest guaranteed 4h f f 4A

1905 Models 9 to

with Coaster-Brakes & Punctureless Tires.
1903 A 1904 Models f 40

of Best Makes . * *0 ij? # gC

SOO Second-Hand Whoelm

All makes & Mod- ^ f ff

els good as new W *■* 1 u V* O

GREAT FACTORY CLEARING SALE.

mr KIUKK AGENTS WANTED in each town at good
pay. Write at oncefot catalog: and Special Offer.

TIRES* SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE COa9 Dept. W 70 CHICAGO

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination.

CALDWELL

Tanks don’t leak. They
are made right. We build
tanks of Everlasting Cy¬
press; also White Pine.
We have hundreds we
can refer to in your
vicinity. Send for Illus¬
trated catalogue and
price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

XHF NORTHWESTERN LINE.

One of the most interesting series of
articles on the subject of the great rail¬
ways of the country that has appeared
recently is that from the pen of Frank H.
Spearman recently published In the Satur¬
day Evening Post, and which has since
been printed in book form by Scribners.
The chapter descriptive of the Chicago &
North-Western Ry. has been published by
the passenger department of that line in
pamphlet form for general distribution and
will be sent to any address on receipt of
2c. for postage. W. B. Knlskern, P. T. M.,
Chicago.

BREECH-LOADING .SHOTGUN & OUTFIT.

SEND US $3.98

and we will send you
this 12-gauge, 30-
Inch single barrel
breech loading shot¬
gun and the complete
outfit as shown, with
the understanding If
you do not find it per-
f e c 1 1 y satisfactory,
one of the strongest
guns made, equal to
any In shooting qual¬
ities, and if you do
not find the outfit
complete and high
grade, you can return
the goods at our ex¬
pense and we will Im¬
mediately return
your money. The gun
has a fine steel bar¬
rel, taper choke bored, plain shell extractor, top snap break, pistol grip, patent butt
plate, beautifully finished. Guaranteed one of the best single barrel breech loaders ever produced. The outfit
includes 25 high grade paper shells loaded with No. 6 shot, one take-down Victoria canvas gun cover, leather
handle, nicely bound, 1 good reloading set consisting of seven pieces: One graduated powder and shot
measure, 1 shell crimper with expelling pin, 1 decapper and loader with base block, 1 loading block. 1 recapper, I
ring shell extractor, 1 cleaning rod with wool swab, scratch brush and wiper and 1 webbing shell belt. We bought
14,000 of the breech loaders at a forced sale, and while they last will make the ridiculously low price of $3.98
FOR THE GUN AND THE COMPLETE OUTFIT. If you don’t send $3. 08 for this bargain gun and outfit, don’t
fall to write for our free Gun Catalogue full of price surprises. $ I 0.90 for one of the best double barrel ham¬
merless breech loading shotguns ever made; $1.29 per hundred for the best 12-gauge loaded shotgun shells
made; If cents per 100 for best 22 caliber cartridges ever made; $ I 6.03 for Winchester repeating shotguns;
$ I T. 50 for Remington double barrel shotguns with steel barrels; $ I 6.26 for Marlin take-down shotguns; best
five-shot automatic, self-cocking revolvers, $2. T5. Liberal terras, easy conditions, wonderfully liberal offers.

SENdVoVit! Address: SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE.’ S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. _^et it from your Druggist

3io

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 8,

M_A__R_K_E_T_S

Trices current during the week ending
April 1, 1905. Wholesale except as noted.
GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 2, red .

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.

_

@ 1.141/2

. . . -

@1.15%

Corn, mixed .

, . . , -

@ 56

Oats, mixed .

Barley .

. . . -

@ 36

44%

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel....

, -

@3.05

Common to good .

.. .2.75

@3.00

Medium, choice . .

.. .2.20

@2.25

Common to good .

. . .2.00

@2.15

I’ea, choice .

—

@1.80

Common to good .

. . .1.65

@1.75

Red kidney, choice .

.. .2.75

@2.80

'White kidney, choice .

—

@3.10

Black turtle soup, choice...

... -

@3.25

Yellow eye, choice .

. . .2.10

@2.15

FEED.

Ton to car lots.

Spring brau .

@22.00

Middlings .

@24.00

Hominy chop .

. .21.00

@ 22.00

Gluten .

@28.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime .

% @ 85

No. 2 . . 70

No. 3 . 60

Clover mixed . 05

Clover . 00

Straw, long rye . 85

@

w

@

@

80

75

05

75

05

90

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100-Ib. lots.

Timothy, bu. 45 lbs . — <? D 2.75

Red lop. 100 lbs . — @) 14.00

lfltie grass, 100 lbs . — @12.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa. 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alstke, 100 lbs . — @17.00

■Medium Red clover. 100 lbs... — @17.00

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . — @ 8.50

MILK.

New York Exchange price three cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone, .$1.51 per 40-
quart can gross.

Creamery, extra .

28

@*

28%

Firsts .

26

@

27%

Seconds .

23

< U >

25

Thirds .

20

@

92

Imitation creamery .

21

@

24

State dairy, extras .

@

27

Firsts .

24

@

20

Seconds .

99

Cd\

23

Factory .

19

@

99

16

@

19

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

—

@

14

Fine .

—

@

13%

Choice . .

—

@

13

Fa i r to good .

12

@

12%

Full skims . . .7 .

4

@

5

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, selected, white

19

@

19%

Fresh gathered, extra mixed

IS

@

18%

Fresh gathered, firsts .

—

@

17%

Fresh gathered, seconds....

_

@

17

Kentucky, fair to prime .

1 6 V, (a

17 V,

Tennessee and other Southern

16

@

17

Checked eggs .

13

@

14

Duck eggs. Baltimore, doz....

—

@

32

Western and Kentucky .

30

@

31

Va., N. C. and Tenn .

_

@

30

Far Southern .

27

@

29

Goose eggs, dozen .

65

@>

75

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy, li).

7

@

_

Evaporated, choice .

6

@

6%

Evaporated, com. to good..

4

@

5%

Sun dried. State and West-

ern, quarters .

2 V> @

3%

Sun dried, coarse cut .

2% @

3

Chops, 100 lbs . 1

@i

55

Cores and skins, 100 lbs....

90

@1.00

Raspberries, 1904, lb .

24

@

25

Huckleberries .

10

@

11

Blackberries . ' .

6 % @)

7

Cherries .

13%@

15

FRESH FRUITS.
Apples, Spitzenburg, cold stg.2.00

Spitzenburg, com. stg . 1.50

Spy, cold storage . 2.00

Ben Davis, cold storage. ... 1 .50
Ben Davis, com. storage. ... 1 .25

Baldwin, cold storage . 1.50

Baldwin, com. storage . 1.25

Greening, cold storage . 1.50

Greening, com. storage . 1.25

Cranberries, ch. to fey., bid... 4.50
Strawberries, Fla., fey., large

quart . 50

Florida, com. to prime, qt.. 20

LIVE POULTRY.

<5 3.25
@2.00
i,l 3.00

@2.50
@2.00
(<1 2.00
@ 1.75
@3.00
@1.75
(a 6.50

@

00

45

lb .

lb .

average, pair.,
average, pair...

@ 12
@ 15

@ 10
@ 1 6
@ 80
@1.62
@ 20

RY.

— @20

70

1.37

18

15

20

14

10

13

@ 19
@ 17

@ 21
@ 18

@

@

12

14

@3.00
@ —
@1.75

Chickens, lb

Fowls, lb .

Roosters, old.

Turkeys, old.

Ducks, West.,

Geese, West.,

Pigeons, pair

DRESSED POULT
Turkeys, West., average best.

Mixed, fair to good .

Poor .

Chickens, 8@10 lbs. to pair, lb

Mixed sizes, lb .

Western, coarse and staggy

Fowls, Western .

Squabs, prime, large, white,

dozen . —

Mixed . 2.25

Dark . 1.50

COTJNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, fancy veals, lb . 10 @

Fair to good . 9 @

Heavy calves, coarse . 7 @

Barnyards . 5 @

Hothouse lambs, head . 3.00 @6.00

Dressed hogs, Jersey, light, lb 7%@ 8

Jersey, medium . 7 ~@ 714

Roughs . 4 @ 4%

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Beet tops, bush. -box . 50 @ 75

Cucumbers. No. 1, dozen . 1.25 @1.75

Lettuce, dozen . 40 @1.00

Mushrooms, lb . 25 @ 60

Mint, dozen bunches . 30 @ 60

Parsley. 100 small bunches. . .2.00 @3.00

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @3.50

Rhubarb, lb . 5 @ 8

Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ 30

HOPS.

Choice . 27

Medium to prime... . 25

Ordinary . : . 23

Olds . 11 @ 13

German, crop 1904 . 50 @ 60

@ 29
@ 26
@ 24

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here.

Wintergreen . 1.90 @2.20

Wormwood . 3.50 @3.75

Peppermint . 3.20 @3.50

Sassafras . . 60 @ 70

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, State A W., 180 lbs.1.00 @1.

.1.00

.3.00

Maine, per 168-lb. bag.

L. I., in bulk, 180 lbs . 1.75

Jersey, in bulk, 3 80 lbs . 1.00

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl . 5.00

No. 2 . 4.00

Havana, No. 1, bbl . 4.50

No. 2 . 3.00

Mexican, ungraded, bbl . . .

S’n, 2d crop, No. 1, bbl.

No. 2 . 1.50

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl... 3. 00
Asparagus, Ch’n Colossal, doz.8.00

Charleston extra . 6.00

Charleston prime . 4.00

Charleston culls . 2.50

California white . 4.00

California green, fancy . 8.00

Calif, green, prime, doz....4.00

Artichokes, Calif., doz . 75

Brussels sprouts, qt . 10

Beets, old, bbl . 1.00

New Orleans, 100 bunches. .1 .00

Florida, bbl. -crate . 1.50

Florida, bushel-crate . 1.00

Carrots, nearby, bbl . 75

New Orleans, 100 bunches. .1.00
Cabbage, Dan. seed, red, ton. 20. 00

Danish seed, white . 10.00

Domestic seed . 6.00

Florida, barrel-crate . 1.50

Celery, State A IV., doz. stalks 20
Chicory, New Orleans, bbl.. ..4. 00
Escarol. New Orleans, bbl.... 4. 00

Egg plants. Fla., bu. box . 2.50

Horseradish, 100 lbs . 3.00

Kohlrabi, N. O., 100 bunches. .2.00

Kale, Norfolk blue, bbl . 75

Lettuce, Florida, prime, %-

bbl. basket . .2.50

Florida, poor to good . 1.00

Onions, Conn. A E’n white,

barrel . 5.00

Yellow . 2.50

Red . 2.50

Peppers, Fla., 20-qt. carrier. .1.50

Peas. Fla.. 3-pk. basket . 2.00

Parsley, N. O., 100 bunehes. .2.00
Radishes, N. Q.. 100 bunehes. 3.00
String beans, Fla., green, bu.

crate . 1.50

Spinach, Norfolk, bbl . 75

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25

Turnips, Can., ruta baga, bbl. 75
Tomatoes, Fla.. 20-qt. carrier. 2.00

Watercress, 100 bunches . 1.25

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.80

Bulls . 2.50

Cows . 1.50

Dressed beef . 6%@ 9

@1.30

@2.00

@1.25

@7.00

@5.00
@5.00
@4.00
@3.00
@4.00
@2.50
fa 5.00
@9.00

Ui 7.00

@5.00
@3.50
@5.00
@9.00
@5.00
@1.00
@ 20
@1.25
@3.00
@2.50
(<i 1.25
@1.25
@3.00
(a 30.00
@14.00
@9.00
@2.00
@ 90
@8.00
@8.00
@5.00
@6.00
@4.00
@ 90

@3.00

@2.00

@9.00

@3.25

@3.00

@2.50

@5.00

@2.50

@4.00

@3.50
@1.25
@3.75
@ 90
@5.00
@1.75

@6.10

@4.00

@4.00

Milch cows
Calves, veal
Culls ....

with

calves. ..

. . . .3.00

@55.00

@8.75

@4.50

Shopp .

@6.5n

Lambs ....
Hogs, State

and

Pa .

@9.00

@6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. li. New York,
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Sin-

Muriate of potash

Nitrate of soda .

Acid phosphate .

Kainit. 12 per cent potash...

Dried blood .

Tankage .

Bone meal .

Peruvian guano .

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb.
Conner sulnbate. bbl. lots. Ib. —

@43.00
@48.50
@ 12.5a

@ 1 2.0Q
@45.00
@35.00
@20.00
@37.00
@ 2%
6 V,

When you write advertisers mention Tiie
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

Order on Trial

i You muy uses Model One Quality
lllugiy for One Full Month
$ tSfh\ J FBEE. It must please you or no

' sale. If not suited, return at our

expense and your money
k will be refunded. Big free
^catalogue of vehicles and
1 harness gives complete
) information and quote*
'astonishingly low price*.

' Write for it today.

TUB MODEL CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.
171 West Sixth St., Cincinnati, O.

IWANS’ Post Hole ANAUGERLt'

For Fence and Telephone Post Holes, Wells, Prospecting, etc. A uuu
can do three time* the vrork with an I wan Auger than with any other.

Sizes 3 to ID inch,

Used by U. 3. Gov't* $2.50 each; 12 inch,

$0.00;14 inch, $8.00.
Inquire of jour hard¬
ware or implement
dealer, or write ub
for particulars and

Agents Wanted.

circulars of our tools jou need on the farm. Sample at special price to
' introduce. Iwun Brothers, Dept. No. t.Streator, III.

SILOS

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

>E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.i

Quaker City Grinding Mills

Kor Corn and Cobs, Peed and Table Meal.

SENT ON TRIAL Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20

horse power. Ball bear¬
ing, easy running. Freight paid. Send for free
38th Annual Catalogue.

3737 Filbert St., Phila. Pa
47-49 Canal St., Chicago, Ill

The A.W.

Incubator Chicks & EggsKJS fgsg

20Eggsfor$I. Pleasant View Farm, Seward. N Y.

ATTENTI ON-SS'i SS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. HERZ, Genl. Mgr., 99 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

Oldest Commission £2;

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

THE FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN

Green Mountain
Silage is like good
money in bank, to be
drawn out by the
farmer to suit his own
convenience in feed¬
ing his stock on the
most luscious and nu¬
tritious of green pas¬
turage during the long
winter season (or all
the year round for
that matter), at only
about half the cost of ordinary feed.

Bad silage is as worthless as bad money.

Green Mountain Silage with all its famed superiority can
be had only from a Green Mountain Silo. No other is to be
compared with it. It stands alone and supreme as the very
King of Silos. If you buy now you get the benefit of early
order discount. Our new free illustrated booklet tells more
about it. Agents wanted in unoccupied terntory.

Note: . We are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and Supplies
for Dairy and Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

SHeavieBtFenceMade. AUNo. 9 Steel Wire I
15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

^We also sell direct to farmers at wholesale prices, j
^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized wire. ,
Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE Clb,

Cleveland. Ohio

ANCHOR FENCE

means fence satisfac¬
tion. It means a fence
easy to put up, that is
made right and that
lasts. Sold to you at manufac¬
turer’s price. Send to-day for Catalog
“D.” ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO., Cleveland, O.

What everybody needs

A Strong Iron Gate

At Price of Wood.

Any length made to order.
We make a specialty of
FARM AND LAWN FENCING. Agents Wanted.
We sell at Agents price where we have none.

Challenge Fence Co., Union Deposit, Pa.

WA3STTED

MAN UNDER FIFTY, slight experience, to work
in garden, *30 and board. A. W. Reeves, 11500 Muske¬
gon Ave., Chicago, III.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMl-SON. The Printer, . R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

WC DAY C97 A WEEIf And expenses to men
YY L In I 1)0 I H VVLLiY With rigs to Introduce
X'ou 1 try Compound. International Mfg.Co. .Parsons, Kan.

FOR <sA[ F Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
Buildings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar
Mi pies, equipped. Good Dairy. 105 Acres on main
road. $40.00 per acre. One-third down. Bal. to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

CAD IIC For rich farming and fruit growing,
r AlllllO Write J. D. 8. HANSON, Hart, Mich.

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash, A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

200 FARMS— The best bargains selected from over
3,000 listed with us for sale in Maine, Vermont, Mas¬
sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Delaware and
Maryland, are described in " Strout’s Spring List;”
5 'to 1.000 acres. $500 to $20,000: on easy terms. Cuts
show' buildings on 80 of them. Some have stock,
tools and household furniture included. Mailed
FREE; write to-day. E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau st., New York City, or Tremont
Temple, Boston.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist; rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City

IT WILL PAY YOU

To buy and erect the Frost Fence, containing more
weight, twice the strength and three tiaies the wear¬
ing qualities of ordinary wire fence now offered to
the trade. Send for 1905 catalogue.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

Wire F once 9Qr

48-in. stock fence per rod only
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and suppl ies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

50 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W.H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

MAPS, Reports. Descriptive Llsts^ Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Beet
Markets. State Board op Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

CONNECTICUT FARMS.

Farm of 70 acres, one mile from station and Connecti¬
cut River, and four miles from the City of Middle-
town, House of 11 rooms, 3 barns, one with basement,
45 acres of mowing land, can all be plowed. Running
water at buildings. Large number of Apple Trees.
With all the tools and a little stock, $3,200.

Farm of 85 acres, one-half mile from center and 2hz
miles from depot; 6 miles from the city of Williman-
tic. House of 14 rooms and a nice set of outbuildings
in tlie bost of condition; 100 bearing apple trees. .Said
to be 'as good a farm as there is in town. Price
$3,000. Stock and tools at appraisal.

Farm of 372 acres, 2k: miles from center. Depot and
River landing. IK) acres of as nice land as there is in
the State, splendid for grass and cultivated crops, no
stone. The remainder is pasture with a large amount
of wood and timber. Large house with 13 rooms in
good condition. Large barn with basement, silo and
running water for stock, This would make a splendid
sheep farm for early lambs. Offered with 25 Cows
and tools, $8,000. See last week’s issue for cheap¬
er farms. Send five cents in stamps for list of 100 bar¬
gains. Geo. H, Carrier. (Ki State St., Hartford, Conn.

EXCURSIONS

TO THE

Free Grant Lands

OF

WESTERN

CANADA

During the months of March and April
there will be excursions on the various
lines of railway to the Canadian West.

Hundreds of thousands of acres of the
pest Wheat and Grazing Lands on the
Continent free to the settlers.

Adjoining lands may lie purchased
from railway and land companies at
reasonable prices. For information as to
route, cost of transportation, etc., apply
to

THOS. DUNCAN

Canadian Govt. Agt., Syracuse, N. Y.

Mention this paper.

DON'T BUY GASOLiNE ENGINES idCSSHr/,:

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Leas to Bov and Leas to Bun. Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost-portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. Send for CATALOGUE* TIIE TEMPLE PUMP CO-, Mira.* Meegher & 15th 8to., Chicago, THISISOUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Eggs. — The price remains about the same
as last week, but the market is in a much
tirmer condition. The demand is very good
and will continue so throughout April, both
on account of the Lenten season and the
call for April eggs for storage.

Butter is up four cents from last week,
extras now selling at 50 cents. This is on
account of light receipts and reports of
scanty shipments on the way. The previ¬
ous drop was too large to be permanent. An¬
other reduction is unite likely to occur in
a few days, with a temporary settlement
around 28 cents for extras.

Potatoes. — There is no improvement in
the price of common run stock. The supply
seems endless and trade light. Conditions
for the better qualities are more favorable.
Seed potatoes are selling at present in New
York at $2.50 to $4.50 per barrel. This is
for seed free from frost and in viable con¬
dition. An occasional lot may be had un¬
der $2.50, and at interior points quite a dis¬
count from this is made. As with an other
seeds, it pays best to use good quality and
less of it. Very large seed is not economi¬
cal, as it is a job to cut it to advantage.
A potato that can be cut in four pieces
lengthwise, leaving two strong eyes in each
piece, makes first-class seed. One of the
best crops I ever saw was grown from whole
tubers but little over one inch in diameter,
but this was an exception and quite likely
would have been better with better seed.
Northern dealers are selling a fair quantity
of southern second crop seed, usually at
prices on a level with best northern grown,
but this seed is in an experimental stage so
far as the North is concerned. Sweet po¬
tatoes are high. Arrivals are light and de¬
mand fair. Some of the best Jersey grown
have sold at from $5 to $(> per barrel during
the past week.

The Flower Trade.— At this season there
is a large wholesale trade in Spring plants,
especially those bloomed for Easter. Many
hard-wood Easter plants, such as Azaleas and
pot-grown lilacs are sold by large importers,
who buy the plants dormant In Europe, and
then sell to retail growers, who bring them
on to the flowering stage. Favorite lilacs
for pot culture are Marie Legraye, single
white, Mme. Lemoine, double white, and
Charles X., purplish red. The whites are
usually in best demand, being ordinarily de¬
scribed by the public as French lilac; the
plants, well started but not in b om, cost
wholesale $0 a dozen. Azaleas are always
a leading Easter plant ; in addition to their
intrinsic beauty, purchasers are able to re¬
gard them as a tolerably permanent invest¬
ment. Mme. Van der Cruyssen, a familiar
old pink variety, still continues a leading
favorite; other standard sorts are Niobe,
double white; Bernhard Andreas Alba, double
white; Empress of India, and Vervseneana,
the latter a very attractive mingling of pink
and white. These plants, well budded, cost
from 00 cents to $2 each wholesale. Four
weeks before Easter lilies were quoted at
wholesale on the basis of 10 cents a bud for
plants with five to eight buds; under five
buds to the plant, 12 cents a bud. The
wholesale rates for Easter lilies are always
calculated on the basis of buds carried.
Genistas, Rhododendrons, Ericas, Cinerarias,
roses and small bulb stock are largely han¬
dled for Easter, and the specialists usually
aim for some novelty that will appeal to
an exclusive trade. This year a new Ger¬
man wallflower, bearing large crimson flow¬
ers, deliciously fragrant, is offered by one
clever grower. Among Easter roses Dorothy
Perkins promises to be as great a favorite
as Crimson Rambler and Philadelphia.

Apples. — The market continues weak and
still crowded with low grades. The top
figures quoted on preceding page are rather
extreme, referring only to exceptional lots.
Varieties seen most at present are Spitzen-
burg, Spy, Newtown, Ben Davis and Bald¬
win. The Ben Davis season is coming on,
and It is more freely offered. It certainly
is a useful variety in the absence of a red
apple, keeping equally well and of better
quality. The N'ewtown is now at its best,
retailing higher than any other variety here
except very large Spitzenburgs. The Spencer
seedless apple is getting an immense news¬
paper boom. During the past two weeks
I have seen from several sources that it
is going to “revolutionize the apple markets
of the world.” The New York Sun now
states that Mr. Spencer shipped some of
these apples to England, one. in a plush
case, being sent to King Edward, who is re¬
ported to have said that it was the most
delicious apple he ever tasted, and he is said
to have ordered that hereafter there shall
be a regular supply of these seedless apples
for the royal table. Evidently Mr. Scheti,
the general manager of the Seedless Apple
•Company, Is far too reserved in his state¬
ments regarding the fruit. When in The
R. N.-Y. office he said several times in the
writer’s presence that they never claimed it
fo be a high quality apple, and rather depre¬
cated the newspaper statements to the con¬
trary. The Y’ellow Bellflower is said to
■one of the varieties slated for core annihila¬
tion by this company, but those familiar with
this variety will decide that a jackknife is
the best core remover for this excellent.

3i i

but rather hollow apple. The official hy¬
bridizer is recommended to start with New¬
town, which has practically no core cavity.

it.

Planting Kieffer Pears. — Your corre¬
spondent, David K. Bell, page 164, says,
"Why set out Kiefifer, which is of very in¬
ferior quality, when there are so many good
varieties to grow?" I will answer his ques¬
tion: It succeeds where other varieties, or

most other varieties, fail, and when well
ripened is of fair quality. I have Kieft'er,
put up last Fall, that I find of nice quality
for the table. Most other kinds, especially
the old popular Bartlett, are too much sub¬
ject to blight to be of any value here. The
old Duchess dwarf generally does well. I
am in hopes the Koonce will prove a suc¬
cess here. The Lexington is very promising
and bears at three or four years of age.

Kansas. e. p. f.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by nslng the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any Ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

SO Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

SO North 1th St , Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

Harvester Talks to Farmers — No. 3.

The Question of Quality, and how it is attained in the
International Harvesting Machines.

E International line of
harvesting machines are
heartily endorsed by nine-
tenths of the grain and
grass growing farmers of
America.

Not because farmers could not get
some other machine if they so desired,
but simply because as careful, discrim¬
inating buyers they have deliberately
chosen this line.

Their choice is based on experience.
They have found that these machines are
better constructed, and therefore will
give better service and longer service
than ordinary agricultural machinery.

And the explanation of the high qual¬
ity of the International line is just as
simple. It rests upon superior facilities
and a far-sighted policy of manage¬
ment.

The manufactu¬
rers of the Inter¬
national line of
h arve sting ma¬
chines own, op¬
erate and control
the sources of their
supply of raw ma¬
terials; their lum¬
ber comes from
their own forests,
their coal and iron
from their own
mines, their s t e el
from their own
steel mills, their
coke from their
own coke-ovens,
and so on.

They not only
secure these ma¬
terials at first cost ,
but, what is of
greater importance, they secure a uni¬
form quality of materials at a uniform
price, enabling them to produce ma¬
chines of the highest quality at a mini¬
mum cost.

And that’s why the diserminating
farmer buys the International line.

The matter of lumber is of special
importance, for this country is threat¬
ened with a lumber famine, the nature
of which is appalling when we stop to
consider it.

The consumption of lumber increases
every year ; the supply, according to the
best authorities, decreases at the rate of
3 per cent per annum, and the price
consequently jumps from I per cent to
5 per cent every year. No. 3 pine, for
instance, in June, 1896, sold for $6.75 per
thousand feet; in June, 1904, only eight
years later, it sold for $15.50, and other
lumber has advanced accordingly.

The great harvester companies, real¬
izing that it is only a question of time
until the lumber problem will be one
of the most serious confronting the
manufacturer, inaugurated several years
ago a policy in keeping with what they
are doing in iron, steel, coal and coke — •
that is, to become entirely independent
of the lumber markets by securing a
source of supply of their own.

Their timber lands in the famous St.

Francis Valley ' consist of 60,000 acres
which the International Company owns
in southeastern Missouri, and 22,000
acres leased in northeastern Arkansas,
both a portion of the reclaimed “sunken
land districts.”

The Missouri lands are near the new
town of Deering, which the Internation¬
al Company is making a model lumber
town, with all the advantages and com¬
forts of modern life in the midst of the
forests. The land is heavily timbered
with oak, ash, elm, hickory, cottonwood,
cypress, gum, hackberry and maple. At
the principal mill here — shown in the
illustration — a daily average of 44,000
feet of lumber is cut, and 125 men are
employed at the mill and in the timber.

On the Arkansas lands the mill is
at Truman; 85 men are employed and

the average output is 35,000 feet per
day.

On both tracts, tramways, canals, and
every modern facility for the econom¬
ical handling of logs and lumber are
provided.

The entire output of both tracts, after
it has been properly air-dried, is used
by the plants of the International Har¬
vester Company in manufacturing har¬
vesting machines and agricultural imple¬
ments.

But the most important feature of
fhe company’s lumber operations is this :

All timber is cut in strict accordance
with the rules of forestry. Instead of
denuding the land, only ripe trees with
well-matured, hardened wood are cut,
and the greatest care is exercised to
protect and preserve all young timber,
so that by the time the best timber is
once selected from this vast tract of
82,000 acres — even at the rate of 20,000,-
000 feet per year, the present consump¬
tion of the International factories — a
new supply will have grown to a com¬
mercial size.

In other words, the company by this
far-sighted policy has secured practically
a perpetual supply of the lumber neces¬
sary for the manufacture of the har¬
vesting machines used by the American
farmer. It is in position for the next

generation, at least, to secure lumber of
the highest quality and is absolutely in¬
dependent of fluctuating markets, and,
at the same time, by conserving the for¬
ests is not only reaping a benefit for
itself and its customers, but is serving
the best interests of the country at large.

Of course, we realize that “when we
get down to brass tacks,” as the saying
is, the purchaser of a harvesting ma¬
chine, or of any other commodity, cares
very little about how it is produced or
where it is produced, or by whom it
is produced— provided he gets what he
wants at a fair price.

There’s no sentiment about it one way
or the other.

But that “provided” means much to you
as a purchaser.

The old proverb has it that “you can’t
make a silk purse
from a sow’s ear.”

Neither can you
make a high-grade
article from low-
grade material.

The Internation¬
al Ilrrvester Co. is
man ufacturlng
machines of the
highest possible
grade, of the best
quality; more than
that, of a better
grade and higher
quality than they
could by any pos¬
sibility manufac¬
ture if they did not
have the excep¬
tional facilities
with which they
have surrounded
themselves, for both
the production of raw material and the
completion of the finished product.

And by the same token they are put¬
ting a higher quality into their product
than any other manufacturer can put
into his and depend upon the uncertain,
unstable markets for materials.

This question of quality is at the base
of the American farmer’s success. It is
because he has always striven for better
things — for better live stock, for in¬
creased fertility in his land, for finer
fruit, for better methods — that he has
been able to give a new meaning to the
word agriculture.

And it is because he has given qual¬
ity first consideration in purchasing sup¬
plies that he has made money.

We ask your careful consideration of
these facts, and of the advantages of¬
fered you in the International line. They
mean a saving of money, a saving of
time and worry, and a satisfaction which
you can not obtain elsewhere.

You will probably find local dealers
in your community who represent the
International line. Each dealer under¬
stands thoroughly the line he sells and
carries a complete stock of repair parts.
Call upon him for catalogue and full
particulars.

See Harvester Talks No. 1 and No. 2 In previous issues of this paper.

The International Harvesting Machines,

Champion, Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee, Osborne and Plano.

have in them the quality that means satisfactory work every day you use them, few repairs and long life — a quality
made possible only by the manufacturers’ policy of producing and controlling the raw materials that enter into their ma¬
chines — a quality you cannot obtain elsewhere — a quality you cannot afford to overlook.

The International Lines are Represented by Different Dealers. See them for catalogues.

Binders, Reapers, Headers, Header-Binders, Corn Binders, Corn Shockers, Corn Pickers, Huskers and Shredders, Mowers,
Tedders, Hay Rakes, Sweep Rakes, Hay Stackers, Hay Balers, Knife Grinders, Gasoline Engines,

Weber Wagons, Binder Twine.

3l2

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 8, IK-.’

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The

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Factory Farmfr

Uses the

Ca> cy
C3 Hf

fee jJ

P ~

Cn

StocKbridge Special
Manures

IN a sense, the farmer is a manufacturer, and the soil
is his factory or machine into which he puts plant
food, and out of which, by the aid of nature and
his own efforts, he takes his product at harvest time.
If the soil machine is a good one, if he has a balance of
crop-producing power to its credit, that balance should
be preserved for an emergency. It is never safe to
draw on it for present needs, for the draft might not
be cashed in full. We know when we are at the end of
our available funds in the bank, but we never know when
we are at the end of the available fertility in the soil.
If the

STOCKBRIDGE COMPLETE MANURES

are used, the draft will be cashed in full, — more, the crop
will respond a hundredfold. Try them and see. They
are no experiment. They have been on the market for
thirty years.

We have to take great chances with the weather.
Why take unnecessary chances with the soil ?

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

RHWIfFD FERTILIZER COMPANY

\J TV X\LlK Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati

(Kindly address office nearest to you)

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At U HOLESA I.E PRICES, Delivered FREE
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profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Sample*.
0. W. 1NQERS01I,. 24 0 PI*—- ^ S»„ Brooklyn, N.V.

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No lattcry to start or run. The original
; 4 spaed -control led friction-drlvo Dynamo,
is Driven parallel with engine shaft. No
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l motsingeii device MFG. CO.,

58 Wain Street, Pendleton, Iucl.,U.S.A.

A GOOD NAME IS BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

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Engine

and you will have reliable,
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Ill ‘cl Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
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Waterloo, Iowa.

PLANT CORN

Peas, Beans, Beets,

Buckwheat, etc.

Plant
and Fer¬
tilize
at
same
time.

“KING CORN FIELD”

marks out rows and plants in drills or hills 41$ , 9, 12,
18 24 86 or 72 inches apart. Corn and any other seed
at'same time. Distributes all commercial fertilizers,
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labor and time saver. Built to last. Full guarantee,
Agents wanted. Send for Catalog.

Belcher & Taylor A. T. Co.,

Box 7S ' Chicopee Falls, Mass.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent commission

to get order# for our celebrated Teas',
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Fur prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THK OKKAT AMKKICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31*33 VeseySt. .New York

The Asphalt JJeady Roofing Co.

Will send a
CALENDAR
\With Free
Samples of
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when answering inquiries.

80 Pine 8treet, New York

Arrow

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ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
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39 Cortlandt St., New York City, j

PALMER

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $ 1 00 .00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing- Outfits on
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Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250 .00
Send for Catalog

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Cos Cob, Conn.

AGENTS FINE SAMPLE SENT ANYWHERE,

, on receipt of

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THREE RIVERS. MICH.

“The Register

J3

Jtcx 3’fmlkotE

ROOFING

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'A*jt

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is

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roll.

’ ;

You or Your Farm Hands
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Rex Flintkote may be laid by any man
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every roll. • The labor is simple and quick— entirely different
from shingles or tin.

Rex Flintkote Roofing is made of long fibre wool felt,
saturated with an acid, alkali and water-proof material, both
sides being coated with water-proof and fire-resisting com¬
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I TRADE

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Write To-day for Samples photos of

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3. A. & W. BIRD & CO.

70 India St.. Boston, Mass.

DoLOACH i?AT

I Avoid imitators and Infringers and buy the Genuine.
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^ DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

s

AW MILL

The Right Kind of a Kicker

meets every demand of a haying tool to properly cure
hay. “Stirs it up” — lets In the sunshine, sothatno
matter how heavy or how wet, the hay willdry quickly,
color evenly and retain all of Its goodness. The John¬
ston does the work right— does it rapidly. Works
without jar. with the least possible friction and con¬
sequent wear. Does the work just as it should be done
with least expenditure of power and hand labor and
with greatest comfort to the operator. The6teel con¬
struction makes the machine light, compact, durable
to the limit. TFc do not claim that this machine will
not wear out. We hope to sell you others. Because
of that hope, we build to please you always. We do
guarantee that the Johnston Tedder will last as long
or longer than any other machines of the same kind.
Our free catalo-ue gives all technical points and
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THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., BOX C-1 BATAVIA, N. Y.

The New Century Binder

will do a bigger day’s work with
less strain on man and beast
than any other binder. Turns
out neater and cleaner bundles;
never skips or drags. Handles
heavy crops as easily as light,
tangled ry e as readily as straight.

_ WalterA.Wood

TRW HARVESTING

MACHINERY

has harveited crops in every corner of the civilized world and has proven its
superiority by a steady test of over half a century. Send for our handsome
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We will also tell you of the nearest dealer where you can inspect them.

Repairs furnished for Walter A. Wood machinery of any date, no matter
how antiquated. Full stocks carried at all central points.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

Oldest Independent Manufacturers of Harvesting Machinery in the World.

Vol. LX IV. No. 2881.

NEW YORK, APRIL 15, 1905.

WEEKLY', $1.00 PER YEAR.

TRUCK GROWING IN NORTH
CAROLINA.

GOOD SOIL AND CLIMATE.

Veg efables and Cotton in Succession

I have a farm of 125 acres just on
the outskirts of New Bern, which is
devoted to truck; have now (March
18) finished planting peas, which are
up, and potatoes have been planted
about 10 days. I will give you the
results of seven acres planted by me.
I first planted the land in cabbage, but
did not get a good stand. I used 2,000
pounds of 7 — 7 — 7 fertilizer per acre,
and about March 15 I barred off one
side and put 1,000 pounds more of the
same fertilizer to the acre and planted
potatoes. When they came up they did
not look very promising, but my cab¬
bage headed up very fast and I cut them
off, shipped them to market and
cleaned out the roots and stalks. The
potatoes then grew very fast, and by
June 10 I had them dug and to market.
I then planted the land in corn on June
12. I cut 746 barrel crates of cabbage,
dug 426 barrels of potatoes and gath¬
ered 11 barrels or 55 bushels of corn
per acre from the land. The money
value of the crop was something in the
neighborhood of $2,200.

I have six acres of bottom land that
I planted in Red Bliss potatoes, and
dug 762 barrels. I followed the pota¬
toes with white corn and gathered 10>£
barrels per acre. I tried for an exper¬
iment two acres of land; first planted
green peas, then Early Ohio potatoes,
and followed the potatoes with cotton.

I picked 200 bushel baskets of peas,
and left 40 or more baskets on the
vines, which I cut and got two tons of
good peavine hay. I dug 120 barrels
of potatoes and picked 2,946 pounds of
seed cotton, which made me two bales
(500 pounds) of lint. This all in one
year. I planted 2)4 acres in cucum¬
bers and gathered 3,000 bushel crates,
which I shipped, and had the market
held could have gathered at least 1,000
more bushels. Lands in this section,
unless in very high state of cultivation,
can be bought very low, and our
climate is tempered by the Gulf
Stream, and we have no very cold or
disagreeable weather. For the first
crop, lettuce seed is sown in beds out¬
doors about August 20, and set under
cover from September 17 to 25. This
crop is cut out between November 20
and December 25. I follow this crop
with beets, which are set about the
first of February. Beets and lettuce
are both set 9 x 12 inches apart. Beets
are pulled about April 15, and by May
10 cleaned up ; the beds are then plant¬
ed in cow peas to keep them shaded
until the next crop is put in. The seed
for Spring lettuce is sown about the
first of November under cover, and set
about the first of December; this crop
is being cut now, and replaced with
cucumbers, which are planted in cups
5x5 under sash ; these cups or pots
are taken up and put in lettuce beds
as fast as the lettuce is cut out. The

NORTH CAROLINA LETTUCE FRAMES. Fig. 125.

LETTUCE FRAME JUST PLANTED. Fig. 126.

THE LETTUCE READY FOR MARKET. Fig. 127.

cucumber plants are in bloom. These
cups are not used any more. I have
25,000 of them under sash with tomato
and cucumber plants in them. While
setting lettuce plants in beds the covers
must be pulled on as fast as set to keep
the sun from killing the plants, but
must be kept well ventilated. After the
plants are rooted begin to let them
have the sun, first two or three hours
in the morning, and the same late in
the afternoon. Do this for three or
four days, then I give all the sun I can
get, but cover every night, unless there
is no sign of frost. I also keep it cov¬
ered when we have cold winds. The
beet seed is planted about December 1
under sash in hotbeds. w. H. bray.

North Carolina.

HUMUS IN SOIL

Too much cannot be said to impress
our farmers with the importance of an
abundance of humus in their soils.
Good soils should have from 60 to 100
tons of this organic matter in the sur¬
face seven inches. This is from six
to 10 per cent. It is much easier to
keep a good supply of humus in a
heavy soil than in a sandy one, since
oxygen more easily enters the loose
soils, and causes a more rapid decom¬
position of the organic matter. But
why is humus so important? Humus
is the only variable constituent of soils.
The clay and sand remain about the
same all the time. This being the
case, the only way to change the physi¬
cal condition of soil is to change the
amount of humus in it, which can be
done at will. Organic matter, besides
being the main source of nitrogen,
gives the soil improvement in tilth,
temperature and moisture content ; it
prevents puddling, and much of the
destructive effects of washing. If a
handful of soil crumbles up nicely
when taken from a fresh furrow in a
clay or silt field it is in a good condi¬
tion of tilth. If it be sticky and cloddy
the tilth is poor, the soil will rim to¬
gether badly after a rain, and it will
bake upon drying. This peculiar crum¬
bly condition is brought about by natu¬
ral causes, acting upon certain soil
constituents, the process being has¬
tened by tillage and sufficient moisture.
In the crumbly or granular soil we
find a large number of soil particles
cohering together, thus forming gran¬
ules. This gives a heavy soil many of
the advantages of a sandy soil without
its disadvantages. The “gumbo” and
“buckshot” soils are so-called because
of this granular property. Freezing
and thawing tends to develop this
property, but an application of barn¬
yard manure will produce this effect
to a greater extent than any other sin¬
gle factor. Hard rains tend to destroy
this condition.

The presence of large amounts of
humus imparts to the soil a dark color.
The dark soil absorbs the sun’s rays
faster than the light soil, and thus the
temperature is raised considerably
more. 1 his difference in temperature

3i4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 15,

affects the germination and growth of plants. In the
Spring, when corn is coming up, the rows are seen
sooner on the low and dark places in the field. Many
suppose that this result is due to the greater richness
of the low ground, but abundance of plant food has but

JERSEY RED PIGS. Fig. 128.

a slight effect at this stage of growth. The higher
temperature is the cause. Organic matter increases the
storage capacity for water in a soil and it prevents rapid
evaporation, hence its value in maintaining the supply
of moisture during a dry period. It is estimated that
an application of eight tons of manure per acre will
increase the water capacity of the surface soil one-half
per cent.

Soil moisture on well-drained soils moves by forming
thin films around each particle, these particles forming
a chain by which the moisture passes to the surface,
where it is evaporated. When the soil is kept loose hy
abundance of humus and cultivation fewer of these
chains can form, and the water is retained in the soil to
a greater extent. Every soil should contain enough
organic matter to prevent its “running together.’’ I
once plowed a field of hard clay land on a farm that had
been abused hy tenant farmers. Manure was never
hauled out until it had to be, and no green crops were
plowed under. An old straw stack had stood and rotted
down in this field. The effect was that the soil here
turned up mellow, loose and black, while the rest of
the field was hard and dry. Organic matter, manure,
cements the soil particles together and holds them so
firmly in this granular condition that they are not easily
broken down by rains, and the air enters the soil more
freely. On rolling land there is always more or less
washing, the amount of which depends upon the per
cent of slope, nature of storm, porosity of soil, etc. A
sandy soil will wash the least of all, since the particles
are larger, and it rapidly soaks up a rain. By thor¬
oughly incorporating a heavy washing soil with organic
matter the small particles will be cemented into larger
granules, which are not easily carried by water, and
which will make the soil more open. A foot of loose
soil will absorb a two-inch rainfall. The part that
humus plays cannot he over-estimated. It is often all
that is necessary to restore a worthless soil to produc¬
tiveness. The farm manure does not furnish enough,
and here comes in the necessity for green manuring.

A. B. R.

JAPANESE MILLET IN CONNECTICUT.

A Catch Crop for Warm Soil.

June 5, 1903, I sowed one acre of Japanese millet on heavy
soil manured with 12 loads of good stable manure. Being
a wet season, the millet only got up about six inches high,
and looked yellow and rather sickly, as though it had con¬
sumption ; it was so poor I did nothing with it. On June
28, 1904, I sowed on this piece one bushel of Silver-hull
buckwheat after thorough plowing and harrowing. On a
part of it I got a fine stand of millet about three feet
high and very thick. If I could have a piece. of millet as
good as that grown in the buf-kwheat I would raise it every
year. Can some one tell me more about raising millet? My
land is high up and naturally wet and heavy soil. Would
it grow if sown late in Fall? D- s-

Warren, Conn.

The cause for the failure of your millet crop in 1903
would be difficult to state. It might be due to several
reasons. The season being wet and cold was unfavor¬
able for millet. While the 12 loads of stable manure
which were applied should have produced beneficial re¬
sults, yet the wet, cold season was probably what
caused the trouble. In 1904 the season was more favor¬
able and enough millet seed was in the ground to re¬
seed the piece. The stable manure which was applied
the Summer before had been thoroughly decomposed,
and the elements of fertility which it contained were
available for the millet crop the second season to a
larger degree than they were the first season. The
millet crop should be looked upon somewhat in the
nature of a catch crop. It thrives best on warm soil,
and while it needs considerable moisture, yet it does
not thrive on a wet soil. A very common plan in
seeding to millet is to harvest the hay crop in June,
then plow the land at once, give a top-dressing of stable
manure, and sow millet seed at the rate of about three
pecks per acre. The seed should be harrowed in
lightly with a spring-toothed or smoothing harrow, and
if the season is a dry one at the time of seeding, the
roller should be used after the millet is sown. At
this time of the year it is also a good plan to use the
roller before seeding to compact the soil and establish
capillary action. It would not he advisable to sow mil¬

let seed in the Fall, but it is a crop which can be used
to best advantage after an early Summer crop has been
removed from the soil. It comes in very well after rye
or oats have been cut early for hay. If the seeding can
be done in June then the Japanese millet will come to
maturity in the usual season. If for any reason the
millet seed cannot be sown until the middle of July,
then some of the quicker-growing varieties, as Hun¬
garian or common millet should be used. Where millet
is grown for hay it should always be harvested before
the seeds become hard if the best quality of hay is to
be secured. Many have experienced unsatisfactory re¬
sults in feeding millet hay, but these results can most
always he traced to permitting the seed to develop be¬
fore the crop is harvested. L. A. Clinton.

Storrs, Conn., Exp. Station.

COLOR IN SOD GROWN FRUIT.

Effect of Sun on Surface Roots.

It was very interesting to read the difference in opin¬
ion about the influence of stock on crafts. I do not be¬
lieve the stock has any influence on the graft, but believe
the coloring and flavor of all apples lies in the root sys¬
tem, and the kind and condition of the soil in which
they grow. I have two Northern Spy trees grafted on
the same stock, and not growing over 150 feet apart in
same kind of soil. One of them stands in a lawn which
is kept closely mown all Summer. On this tree the
apples are very highly colored and of the finest flavor,
and in beauty excel any Ben Davis that I have ever seen.
The other tree stands next a woodhouse, and its root
system is entirely covered up- with this house and wood
pile adjoining. The apples on this tree scarcely ever
have any coloring at all, and consequently have a very
poor flavor; a person not familiar with varieties, in eat¬
ing the two apples, would say that they were two dif¬
ferent kinds. I have also seen Baldwin apples grown
under the former conditions that were nearly as deep
red as a Spitzenburg and of high flavor. Among a lot

BAGGING WHEAT IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Fig. 129.

of Newtowns that I bought for export last Fall were
some that grew on a rich gravelly hill with a good air
drainage. These were almost as yellow as gold, and
of the highest flavor; another lot grew on flat clay soil
and were more like Greenings than Newtowns, with a
very poor flavor. This man might have grown some
varieties suitable to his soil, but he might better let the
other man grow the Newtowns, and I believe that the
sooner orchardists all over the country find the varieties
that grow to perfection in their localities and soil, and
grow only those varieties, not trying to grow everything
the nurserymen catalogue, the better it will be for both
producer and consumer, and then there would be fewer
worthless apples on the markets.

I believe the coloring and high flavor of an apple comes
from the action of the sun on the fruit itself and the
feeding root system of the tree, more particularly the
latter, as in case of the Spy tree growing in the lawn
or sod. The feed roots are nearly to the surface of
the ground and exposed to the action of the sun’s rays,
while with the other tree the conditions were the reverse.
This is why I believe apples are not so highly colored
in cultivated orchards, as in plowing and cultivating the
feeding root system next the surface is cut off, and the
sun’s actions on the roots lost. An instance along this
line happened on my farm some years ago. I had three
Northern Spy trees grafted over to Lady Sweet grow¬
ing in sod that produced large, handsome apples almost
entirely covered with a beautiful red, and a plate of
them sitting on the table would fill the whole room
with their aroma. I took it in my head to plow this
plot, and plowed it quite deep; applied 1,000 pounds
potash to the acre and planted to corn. The result was
a rank and dense growth of corn that completely covered
the ground. These three trees bore a full crop of apples
of good size, but I could not get a trace of red on them,
and I left them on the trees till fully half dropped off,
and all had a very poor flavor. I seeded down the fol¬
lowing Spring, and the next year the same trees bore
fruit that was highly colored and flavored.

Columbia Co., N. Y. s. s. drumm.

WHEAT HARVEST IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

The dry, sunny weather generally experienced
throughout South Australia at harvest time, enables us
to harvest the wheat direct from the standing crop in
the wheat paddock into the wheat heap, or clean it
by means of a more complete machine and fill straight
into bags, as in Fig. 129, ready for rail carriage to the
nearest port of shipment. The introduction of the Rid¬
ley stripper with improvements made during the past
50 years has meant a great deal to the wheat-growing
farmers of this State. Occasionally the weather con¬
ditions do not hold good, and rain during harvest time
seriously interferes with our operations. Such to an
unusual degree occurred during the harvest of 1903-4.
My wheat paddocks became very sticky, and a fairly
good crop became lodged and tangled so that we could
work the strippers one way only of the crop. We had
in the case of one paddock to go up empty and strip
coming down. Being delayed, with the danger of
loss if further rain fell, my neighbors very kindly gave
me a surprise by arranging a “bee” quite unknown to
me, and about 10 machines with teams and drivers came
ip to help for four days. Some were unable to stop
more than two days. The accompanying picture, Fig.
130, I photographed on the last day, when only a little
strip to the right remained unreaped. Among the ma¬
chines are two combined harvesters that I had used
for the first time that season. fred. coleman.

South Australia. _

THE BEST WATER TANK .

Being interested in the questions of Z. C. B. about
tanks, I am pleased to give you our experience in the
line. There are in general use wooden, galvanized
steel and metal-lined tanks. The iron and galvanized
steel have one common objection — the rust — which is
not desirable for drinking or washing clothes. The
galvanized tanks become rusty in a year or two, and are
ready to throw, away in about six years. The tinned
copper and lead-lined tanks are very good in attics
where they are usually used. They will last indefinitely,
and the only objection is they “sweat” in Summer and

dampen the wood around them. Cypress, cedar and
pine are the woods used for tanks, and are durable in
the order given. Pine and cedar have more or less
knots and sappy spots, and impart more taste to the
water for a longer period than cypress. Good cypress
tanks are clear, seasoned stuff. After a week or two
they will not flavor the water, and at no time badly.
When possible put tanks in buildings and cover tank
tightly. For outdoors, hy all means get a cypress
tank and galvanized hoops. Two-inch is better and
costs more than IJ^-inch. Metal tanks, of course, freeze
much more than wooden. We have taken out both
pine and galvanized, and replaced them by cypress
tanks, but have not yet seen the finish of a cypress
one. o. v.

Peconic, N. Y. _

A BUNCH OF JERSEY REDS.— Fig. 128 above
shows a group of Jersey Red pigs on the farm of Ar¬
thur J. Collins, Moorestown, N. J. Many farmers have
found this breed profitable, with a decided faculty for
turning swill, grain and pasture into first-class pork.

AVENUE OF NORWAY MAPLE.— Fig. 131 shows
the value of shade trees. It is a row of Norway maple
in our own village, New Carlisle, planted 15 years ago
upon one of the principal streets. It has no equal as
a shade tree, but is not a rapid grower, yet it is one
of the things that is worth waiting for. This street is
the admiration of all who see it, and real estate is fully
25 per cent higher than any other part of the village.
Its great beauty has attracted the best and wealthiest
citizens, and no doubt the trees have played no little
part in enhancing the value of real estate on the street.

Ohio. W. N. SCARFF.

CUCUMBERS ON A TRELLIS. Fig. 132 shows
some English forcing cucumbers grown outside on a
trellis by Henry Field, Page Co., Iowa. The long
fruits are unfamiliar to many, and give an unusual ap¬
pearance to the plant. The seed should be planted in¬
doors, and set out after danger of frost is over. If
left to sprawl upon the ground the fruits are apt to be
misshapen, curving into odd contortions. Any of our
cucumbers may be grown to advantage upon a trellis.

WHEAT HARVEST IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Fig. 130.

the ordinary White Spine doing well and producing
very smoo.th and shapely fruits under such conditions.
The Japanese Climbing cucumber, sold by seedsmen for
trellis culture, is a variety of excellent table quality,
and a prolific cropper. The fruit is much more “spiny”
than White Spine.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3i5

A TALK ABOUT COW FEEDS.

Value of Corn and Wheat Products.

I have been interested in reading H. G. M.’s notes,
especially some of his answers to questions in regard to
feeding cows. On page 62 he says: “Bran is a good
feed, but for cows giving much milk one could hardly
afford at present prices to feed that alone, nor would
I now or ever buy cornmeal to feed to cows to make
milk at a profit. This is rather a strong statement, but
I have seen more money wasted on cornmeal to feed
milch cows than all other feeds combined. I like to
feel I am getting the worth of my money when buying
cattle feed, but should not do so if I bought cornmeal.”

On page 103 he says : “Linseed meal is an extra good,
healthy feed, but almost too high at pres¬
ent prices for economical feeding.” In a
book published by the U. S. Department
of Agriculture a number of years ago, en¬
titled “Special Report on Diseases of Cat¬
tle and Cattle Feeding,” the article on cat¬
tle feeding is by Prof. W. A. Henry, of
Wisconsin Agricultural College. A table
of feeding values made up as a result from
the studies of chemists both in this coun¬
try and abroad and a table compiled by
the German scientist, Dr. Emil Wolff, giv¬
ing the amount of digestible substances he
considers necessary by our farm animals,
is given. From the tables a ration (day’s
feed I suppose is meant) is made up,
which is: 14 pounds fodder corn; six
pounds clover hay; five pounds roller
bran ; five pounds ground corn ; two
pounds cotton-seed meal, for 1,000-pound
dairy cow. Of the different foods he
says : “Indian corn is a most valuable
food, and one of the cheapest used in the
dairy, and the quality of milk and butter produced from
it usually above question, but should be extended with
something coarse, like bran if possible.” “Oil meal ;
this by-product of linseed oil factories is a most valu¬
able food in the dairy barn, though it should be used
in limited quantities. It is especially useful for calves,
and a couple of pounds a day may be fed to dairy cows
with profit.” “Bran is one of the most valuable feeds
in the dairy. It can be given in almost any quantity
with little danger of overfeeding, and should always be
in store to mix with ground grains.” I have mentioned
these three feeds because H. G. M. and Prof. Henry
hardly agree as to their value as dairy foods. A great
many farmers, particularly those making butter, have
thought that bran and cornmeal were the best grains
for them to feed. Some fed cotton seed
and others did not. On page 103, in
further answer in regard to feeding lin¬
seed meal, he says : “It pays to keep a
record of the milk yield tb find out
whether changes in feeding really pay.”

Sometimes I have not fed grain, and al¬
though I never kept account, I thought I
had more money when I did not buy grain
to feed cows than when I did. H. G. M.
is a man of experience in dairying. Will
he please give a day’s ration for butter
cows with early-cut mixed hay for the
rough fodder? w. e. r.

New Hampshire.

I like to get hold of this kind of letter,
as there is a thinking man on the other
end who wants the truth without chaff. I
believe what I have written is true, and
strictly advisable as a business proposi¬
tion to a man who wants to make good
milk economically. What Prof. Henry
has said is also true, but in a different
way. In this section of the country most
of the farmers buy their feed stuffs rather
than raise them. What does a man buy
feed for, or better, why does a man buy
feed? He raises, or ought to, all the
coarse feed such as hay, silage, corn fod¬
der, oat hay, etc., but these alone do not
give sufficient milk, and to help out the
dairyman goes to the miller. The coarse
fodders he has raised have sufficient car¬
bohydrates and fat, but lack in protein,
and though few men apparently realize it what he goes
to miller for is digestible protein. Now it is more fun
to get what you are after, and so we try to get healthy,
palatable foods rich in protein to supply this lack, and
make up a balanced ration. Cornmeal has lots of diges¬
tible carbohydrates and fat, but little protein, so why
buy it when I can get others containing three to seven
times as much for often the same or a little more money?
That is the kernel of the question and that is why I
oppose buying cornmeal. I believe in raising all possi¬
ble, and of course if we raised should feed it, but never
buy it. Wheat bran is all right and unless accident hap¬
pens it invariably forms part of our ration, but it has
been selling at $25 to $27 per ton, and this is out of

proportion to its value as compared with some other
feeds, and so should use it as little as possible.
When it is $19 to $32 it is another proposition. At
present half our grain ration is wheat feed, but we
bought it at a figure so reasonable that we can well
afford to use it.

Oil meal is very rich in protein, but it retails here now
at $1.75 per 100, and we can buy another healthy feed
containing about the same amount of protein and carbo¬
hydrates, but more fat for $1.35 per 100, so economy
makes us let oil meal alone for the present. When its
price gets nearer even we can feed it. Prof. Henry’s
views of feeding are sound, and his book, “Feeds and
Feeding,” is our dairy gospel, and always at hand. In

AN AVENUE OF NORWAY MAPLE. Fig. 131.

his section, if we are not mistaken, wheat feeds are very
cheap. Oil meal is also a home residue product, and
he is near the corn belt, where corn is cheap. He is on
the same plan practically that we are, using such feeds
as are cheap near him. Here all by-products nearly can
be obtained; a larger field from which to make an
economical choice and we study economy ; have to, in
fact.

It is possible where one has rich soil to cut hay early,
then cut rowen early and sometimes get an extra cut
of rowen. With this kind of feed in the barn one may
almost turn the miller down, for early-cut hay and
rowen will make milk. It comes not far from a bal¬
anced ration and consequently little grain is needed in
addition to this fodder.

The following is a well-balanced ration for milk :

Protein.

Carbohydrates.

Fat.

20 lbs. early cut hay....

. 1.18

8.18

.24

3 lbs. wheat mixed feed

. .42

1.44

.13

3 lbs. gluten feed .

. .71

1.54

.08

2 lbs. hominy feed .

. .14

1.24

.14

Total .

. 2.45

12.40

.59

Another good ration with what mixed hay they will
eat is two pounds bran, middlings or mixed feed, three
pounds corn distillers’ grains and one pound cotton-seed
meal. Another, four pounds bran and two pounds cot¬
ton seed. We have found two pounds each bran and
corn distillers’ grains and one pound each cotton-seed
meal and gluten feed to be a fine ration with good
early-cut hay. h. g. Manchester.

CARE OF MARE AND COLT.

Methods of Practical Horsemen.

How should a two-year-old colt be fed and cared for, and
what would be a fair charge for boarding it? How should
a mare be fed and cared for, a few weeks before foaling,
and also after, and what would be a fair charge for same?

A two-year-old colt should have from six to nine
pounds of grain feed each day, the amount depending
upon size and condition of colt. About half of this
grain ration may be oats, the other half should be loose,
coarse bran with a little oil meal mixed with it and fed
dry. Feed the oats by themselves ; give a bran mash
once a week, plenty of mixed hay (don’t be afraid of
clover), a box stall well bedded, and plenty of exercise
in the paddock. His feet should be looked
after frequently and trimmed down level
about once in two months. About $8 per
month for Winter and $3.50 or $4 per
month for the six Summer months would
be a fair price for boarding him. In my
opinion a mare previous to foaling should
be out in the sunshine just as much as
possible ; put her out every day that is
dry and warm enough to be comfortable.
Her feed may be the same as given the
colt ; give her enough to keep her in nice
thriving condition, but not too fat. After
foaling the ideal care is a pasture field
with plenty of shade and water, but if she
must be kept up give the same feed as
before, but more of it ; some ground corn
may also be added with good results. If
their bran mash is mixed with about half
a bushel of finely-cut hay they will appre¬
ciate it very much ; $10 per month for
Winter and $5 per month for the six
pasture months would, I think, be a fair
price for boarding her. The care of the colt for the first
year? That's a story by itself, and you did not ask for
that. CHARLES J. WOLFE.

Pennsylvania.

A brood mare should have from four to six quarts of
grain, and what hay she will eat up clean with water at
least twice daily. The best grain is oats and bran,
equal parts, with tablespoonful of oil meal with each
feed. The best hay is rather fine mixed hay cut early.
As soon as the colt is weaned it should have all the
grain it will eat clean, and also what hay it will clean
up ; same kind of grain and hay as brood mare, except
that I would prefer the oats ground the first Winter for
the colt. Some colts will eat six to eight quarts of
this mixture daily. The second Winter the colt should
have same treatment ; after that enough
grain to keep in good growing thrifty
condition. At present price of grain one
cannot afford to keep a brood mare for
less than $60 per year; it costs fully as
much to keep a colt the first two years
as it does a brood mare. All the differ¬
ence I would make in feeding before and
after foaling would be to increase feed if
colt seemed to call for more milk. A
mare should be closely watched at foaling
time, or loss of colt is liable to occur.
Vermont. c. A. chapman.

PROFIT IN MULE COLTS.

In my opinion it is more preferable to
breed mule colts than horse colts. In the
first place, two mule colts can be raised
ready for the market for what one horse
colt would cost. This fact alone is great¬
ly in favor of mule colts, for after all it is
the prime object of all investments.
When mule colts are ready for the mar¬
ket they are worth more money than
horse colts, and can do work which horses
can do only to a great disadvantage.
Mules find a ready market, and even when
horses are dull it is no trouble to sell
them. Mule colts require much less at¬
tention, as they are not nearly so liable
to diseases and blemishes. They are much
more active and nimble, and thereby sel¬
dom meet with accidents, which is a point
worth considering. Any horseman knows
that the loss ratio of horse colts by accidents and dis¬
eases is by no means small, and should require consid¬
eration. Again, there are few farmers who are veter¬
inary surgeons, and all horse dealers know what it
means to employ veterinaries. There are many little
items of cost which when totaled amount to quite a
little sum, and must be considered in figuring profit and
loss. Hence, I believe your readers will grasp the point,
and readily see the advantages of raising mule colts.
The old adage that “the nearest way to a man’s heart
is through his pocketbook,” is true in this instance, and
I would advise all stock dealers to raise mule in prefer¬
ence to horse colts if profit is to be considered.

Pennsylvania. d. R. coffman.

ENGLISH GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER OUTSIDE. Fig. 132.

3i6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 15,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Spraying on a Small Scale.

J. 8., Englewood, A. ./. — Having only a few
young trees, which are infested with scale,
i would like the proportions of a very small
amount of lime, sulphur and salt wash.
Would the nozzle that was used for Bor¬
deaux Mixture he suitable? I have a bucket
pump with kerosene attachment. When is
the best time to apply the mixture, and where
could 1 buy the sulphur? Is it what is
called flour of sulphur?

Ans. — Convenient proportions for mak¬
ing a small quantity of lime, sulphur and
salt mixture, are, a half pound each, flow¬
ers of sulphur, which can be had from any
good druggist, and of fresh stone lime,
and three ounces of table salt, for each
gallon of water. The lime should first
be slaked with a small quantity of hot
water, and the sulphur previously mixed
to the consistency of cream, with hot
water stirred in, and the whole boiled two
hours, or until the sulphur is thoroughly
dissolved and the resulting mixture is a
bright orange in color. The salt may then
be added and hat water ‘enough put in to
bring the mixture up to the desired
strength. It can be sprayed through an
ordinary Bordeaux nozzle, but to better
effect through the Vermorel nozzle, as the
latter gives a finer spray and is not so
wasteful. As you only wish to use a
small quantity, the Bordeaux nozzle may
do very well.

The Culture of Chestnuts.

J. R. O., Merehantvillc, N. «/. — Desiring to
have some chestnut and walnut trees on my
place for “posterity's sake,” I seek informa¬
tion as to best method of growing them. The
nurseries want what seems to me such an
exorbitant price that I concluded to seek
your advice as to how to grow from nuts,
how and when to plant, how to care for, etc.

Ans. — Chestnuts and walnuts for seed
purposes should never be allowed to dry
out before planting. They may be stored
in layers in moist sand in a cool place un¬
til convenient, but should not be kept long
out of the ground. They can be planted
at any time before hard freezing in freshly
worked soil, choosing a place where water
will not stand in Winter. Plant in rows
about three feet apart, setting the nuts
six inches apart in the rows. Cover not
over two inches deep and protect from
vermin by placing a line of boards or fine
wire netting over the rows, to be removed
before growth starts in the Spring. The
after care is comprised in careful hoeing
and weeding about the young seedlings,
and frequent level culture throughout the
growing season. Some pruning will be
needed the second and succeeding years to
form the trunks and start the heads,
which had best be kept low. They will
be ready to transplant at the end of the
third year. Chestnuts grow best on light
soils, sandy or gravelly slopes, etc. Wal¬
nuts are better adapted to deep rich loams,
and will often grow in quite moist soils.

Culture of Horseradish.

D. B., Glintondale, Mass. — Can you give me
some information about the culture of horse¬
radish, the soil, starting and cultivation?

Ans. — The most desirable soil for the
growing of horseradish is one that con¬
tains plenty of fertility and moisture, and
still not so wet as to prevent cultivating
with a horse. Horseradish is sometimes
grown as a second crop, following a crop
of early cabbage. The sets can be ob¬
tained from seedsmen or from a grower.
The portions used for sets are the small
roots about the size of a lead pencil,
which are taken from the salable roots
in the Fall and stored in sand in the cel¬
lar until Spring. Ill cutting sets be care¬
ful to cut the end nearest to the main
root square off, and the other end on a
slant, the set being about three inches
long. The reason the cutting is made in
this manner is to avoid planting upside
down, the square end being the top. The
sets can be made in Winter or Spring. If

the horseradish is to be a second crop, to
follow early cabbage, the sets should be
planted between each cabbage plant at the
last hoeing. The operation is simply to
make a small hole about four inches deep
with a one-half-inch iron rod and drop a
set in the hole, slanted end dcvwn. Very
little of the horseradish will be seen until
after the cabbage is cleared off, when it
should receive thorough cultivation to in¬
duce rapid growth. If the crop is to be
grown alone plant the sets in the same
manner, but much closer in the rows, say
eight-inch rows, .'?() inches apart. The
crop is dug in the Fall, and stored until
wanted. Only the large roots are salable.
The rootlets are kept for sets the follow¬
ing Spring. JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Mulching Strawberries; Commercial Potash.

A. D. F., Indianola, Iotca. — 1. A writer
claims that as long as strawberry vines stay
green even till Spring they afford nourishment
to t lie plants. In the Spring they help be¬
fore the young growth starts, therefore cover
the vines early and so far as is possible keep
them green until Spring. Is this so? 2.
What is the potash and from whence do
they obtain their supply that goes into the
soaps sold in our groceries?

Ans. — 1. The strawberry is an evergreen
plant when the foliage is not killed by
hard freezing. We believe that green liv¬
ing leaves are beneficial to the plant at all
times, and that it is a good plan to mulch
before severe cold weather. A plant with
green leaves is quite sure to make a vig¬
orous start in Spring. 2. Commercial pot¬
ash for soap-making and similar uses is
practically all obtained from wood ashes.
The lye is leached out and boiled to the
point of crystallization. The resulting
black mass is chiefly carbonate of potash,
combined with impurities that are burned
out by prolonged firing, resulting in com¬
mercial potash and pearlash. The potash
used in chemical fertilizers is chiefly de¬
rived from kainit and other mineral forms
mined in Germany. From these minerals
muriate and sulphate of potash are manu¬
factured and largely used as agricultural
fertilizers throughout the world. Wood
ashes are of course much used as a fer¬
tilizer for the potash and lime contained
in them.

Orrno — I Offer Seeds of SUPERIOR quality
Art" 1 1 A at money-saving price— order now.

New White Waver] y Seed Oats yield
over 80 bushels to the acre in this county. $1.25 per bu. :
Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa. Red Top, Orchard
Grass, 2 or 6-rowed Barley, Beardless Barley, Iowa
Gold Mine Corn, Cream of Ensilage Corn, beaming
or Pride of the North Corn, Spring Rye, Spring Wheat,
Field Corn, Yellow or White, Sweet Com, Golden Mil¬
let, Hungarian, at very reasonable prices; Earlv Seed
Potatoes, 75c.; Champion Peas, $2.50; Potato Planters,
$2; Field Peas, $1 .50; Mangel Beet, 20c.; Calf-Weaners,
30c. ; Cow-Weaners, 50c.; Calioon Seed-Sowers, $1. 50;
Stock Labels, $4.50 per 100; Sheep Dip, 50c. per pkt.
Everything for the farm, garden and lawn. Cata¬
logue free. Established nearly forty years.

F. A. EBLING-, Syracuse, New York
Wholesale and Retail Dealer and Importer.

DflTATnEC grown especially for SEED. 15
I U I M I Uww varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H . COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, I’a,

Irish Gobbler Potatoes choice seed. E'air

price. C. D. JONES, Vermillion, N. Y.

SEED POTATOES

Irish Cobbler and Early Norther. Extra fine stock
grown on virgin soil. $i per bushel: $2.50 per bbl.,
f.o.b. T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga, Sull Co., N Y.

NONE BETTER THAN

FAIRVIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Farm, Hol¬
land Patent, N. Y.

SEED CORN

IMPROVED WHITE CAP YELLOW DENT Long
kernel, large ear. Ripens in 85 to 95 days.

Beats them all on poor thin land. On rich land the
yield is wonderful. I also have improved Learning.
Send for full description and prices. S. P. SHEPARD,
Oberlin, Ohio.

Dibble’s Seed Com

Mammoth Eight Rowed Yellow Flint, the best
flint corn in cultivation. Matures 100 days, stalks 8
to 10 feet high, ears 10 to 18 inches in length. Bushel,
$2; 2 bushels, $3; 10 bushels, $13.50. Dibble’s Eighty
Day D nt, earliest Dent Corn in the world Fuhy
ripe in Western New York Sept. 1, standing 11 feet
high on the average. This is the Corn for a short
season. 1 bushel, $2: 2 bushels, $3.50: 10 bushels, $15.
Improved Early Learning, matures in 100 days.
Stalks 10 to 15 feet high. Best corn for ensilage where
a great mass of fodder is desired. 1 bushel, $1.75; 2
bushels, $3; 10 bushels, $13. Our corn is pedigree
seed, each ear hand selected, tip and butt kernels
taken off. All seed tested, germinates 90 to 98 per
cent. Catalog free.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

PEACH

TREES. No. 1 at 3c, medium size214C
and No. 2 at lhic each. Trees kept
dormant until after May 15. Circu¬
lar free. R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov
cities. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 — I, itocheeter, S.Y,
Established lSifi.

Every variety of seed the farmer needs

_ to make the farm pay. Northern grown,

hardy varieties. We carry an especially attractive lot of Grass Seeds— Clover,
Alfalfa, Timothy, Millet, Blue Grass, Harvey’s Special Pasture Mixture, etc.

HARVEY’S SURE SEEDS

are all tested and true to name. Field Seeds, Potatoes, Oats, Wheat, Barley,— the
best that grow. Corn— the regular sorts and several new varieties of money¬
makers, some especially suitable for ensilage-fine for the dairy farmer. Write
for complete free catalog. Harvey Seed Co., lllElIioott Street, Buffalo, N, Y,

« A. ^

WAUKEGAN NURSERIES

Evergreen and Ornamental Trees

Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, WAUKEGAN, ILL.

CDIIIT TDECC “Wiley, that's astonishing!” “What is?” " Why, an unbroken line of
||1U|I I IlLLQ orders from the same people for 25 Years.”

Nothing strange at all, they simply got what they bought and know they
will continue to get It. Our Free Catalog submits evidence that will make you our customer. Send for it.

Box 122 XX. B. Wiley de Son, Cayuga, 3NT. Y,

Going to Plant an Orchard This Spring?

If so, let us know, and we can save you money. Our trees will please, our prices so low they will astonish
you. A choice lot of fruit trees and plants left unsold. Sena for free catalog.

BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY COMPANY, Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY CROP

No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog — lifetime experi¬
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries,
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. j. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. Asparagus Roots and Seed
Potatoes in assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty page Cata¬
logue with cultural instructions Free. C. F. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

Oflfl nnn APPI F TRFF^ 6 to 7 ft. 11 ct-s. each, 5 to 6 ft. 9 cts., 4 to 5 ft. 7 cts., 3 to 4 ft. 5 cts., 2 to 3 ft.
kUU,UUU HI r LL IIILLO, one year old. 4 cts. 5,000 Jaiian Plum Trees, one year old, 4 to 6 ft. 20
cts. each, 3 to 4 ft. 15 cts., 2 to 3 ft. 10 cts. 5,000 Kieffer Pear, one year old, $5 to $12 per 100; also a full
assortment of Beach Trees and other fruits, at low prices. Everything young, thrifty and well grown, free
from Seale, Crown Gall, or disease of any kind, The opportunity of a lifetime to secure an orchard at low
cost; boxing and parking free: present prices good for only 90 days. Write at once for descriptive catalogue
and Special Brices on Apple, Pear and Blum Trees. The Riverside Nursery Co., Confluence, Penna.

$5 Per 100. SSf"

Apples, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop¬
lars. Healthy, true to name and Fumigated. All
kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free.

RELIANCE NURSERY, ..... . . . Box 10, Geneva, New York.

100,000 PEACH

Five sizes, 1 foot up, including 20,000 EL-
BERTA. Price away down.

15,000 JAPAN PLUM

Five sizes, 3 feet up: Abundance, America,
Apple, Bartlett, October Purple, Climax, Chaleo,
Red June, Satsuma and Wickson.

50,000 APPLE

Four sizes, 3 feet up. Leading kinds.

15,000 CHERRY

Four sizes, 3 feet up SWEET: Tartarian,
Scnmidt, N. poleon, Governor Wood, Dowier, Y.
Spanish and Windsor.

SOUR: Montmorency, Ea. Richmond, Dye-
house, May Duke, Olivet and English Morello.

3,000 QUINCE

Three sizes, 2 feet up.

Free catalogue. State size wanted and how many
trees; we'll name best price obtainable.

They are true to name, clean, bright, young, thrifty
and fumigated. None better at any price; no scale.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

B. 3. Mt. Holly Springs, Pa.

Willowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayman, Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berberis Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKEsTRAVV & PYLE, Rennet tSq., Penna.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000 to¬
gether with general line ol nur¬
sery stock. Brices low; quality
best. Write for new 190a Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

STRAWBERRIES

Mark Hanna variety, the great new
vorite. A prolific bearer of excellent
We grow a long list of the fi nest
Get your favorite kinds from our vigorou
strong rooted plants. 1905 Catalog free.

Harrison’s Nurseries,

Box 28, Berlin, Md.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

and other small fruits including the Ward Black¬
berry, one of the most reliable. Send for descriptive
circular. 100 010 Asparagus, one and two year old.
Beach and other fruit trees. 210.000 Cal. Brivet for
Hedging, very cheap. Seed Sweet Potatoes, Jersey
Red and Yellow. Second crop Va. Seed Potatoes,
Crown Jewel and Early Rase. Send for price list
before placing orders. Address,

CHAS. BLACK. Hightslown, N. J.

^GRAPEVINES

69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, Ac. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. IE W1S ROESCH, FREDONIA.H.V.

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie¬
ties, new and old
APPLE TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO.. Hightslown. N.J.

REAR TREES

A No. 1 Stock. 2,000 Le Conte. 1,500 Bartlett, 800 B.
D. Anjou, 200 Seckel, 200 Lawrence, 300 B. Clairgeau,
all 2 years 34 and up. No scale or blight. Thrifty,
grand stock. Free catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, New Jersey.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

GREAT SCOTT

a new Strawberry.

S. H. WARREN,
Weston, Mass.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Climax and 25
other money-making varieties, $1.25 to $1.50 per
1 000 Catalogue free to-day.

S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly Del,

If You Are Planting

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

WM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

ASPARAGUS I RHDBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy S'ock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

VEGETABLE PLANTS.

Asparagus, Conover’s. Palmetto, very strong, healthy,
one vear old, 1,000$5; Rhubarb. Victoria, stri ng roots,
100 $5. Millions of Celery. Cabbage. Pepper, Eggplant.
Sweet Potato. Send for fr e list.

LUDVIG MQ^ILJJIC, Onarga Ill.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3 17

TREATMENT FOR POTATO SCAB.
Soaking Ahead of Planting.

I should not hesitate to soak seed po-
, tatoes in formalin at the present time,
■ and I think no injurious results would
follow. Care must be taken that the seed
potatoes are not put back into the same
crates that they occupied before soaking,
neither must they be put into the same
bags, baskets or bins in which untreated
potatoes have been stored, unless these
receptacles are thoroughly cleaned and
treated with formalin. If 75 bushels of
potatoes are dipped in the formalin solu¬
tion and then stored away in a pile with¬
out drying, there is danger that they may
heat and the germ be killed or injured,
but the formalin solution itself will not
injure the potatoes. The price of pota¬
toes in the East during the past Winter
has been modified by the very large crop
which was harvested throughout the
Middle West. The Michigan crop was
exceptionally heavy last year, but while
the farmers there were selling them for
35 cents per bushel, the farmers in New
England were getting 60 or 70 cents per
bushel. The permanent outlook for po¬
tatoes in the East is good ; and should
the price drop as low even as 50 cents
per bushel it is still a price at which one
can afford to raise potatoes with profit.

I believe that the most practical1 means
at the present time to avoid blight is to
grow a variety of potatoes which will ma¬

ture in August, and I propose to test my
belief during the coming season. Spray¬
ing as ordinarily carried on by the far¬
mer does not protect potatoes from blight
and rot. l. a. clinton.

Storrs (Conn.) Exp. Station.

In regard to treating potato tubers a
considerable time before cutting, I may
say that I think no harm will be done at
all, if they are allowed to dry; in fact,
I rather prefer the method, as, if the buds
are started a little bit, the treatment tends
to blight them slightly, and if they are al¬
lowed to lie in the open air for a time
afterwards they tend to develop some,
thus giving a more rapid germination
when placed in the soil. All my experi¬
ments tend to indicate that the corrosive
sublimate method is to be preferred as
against the formaldehyde treatment,
though both sufficiently well prevent the
introduction of disease on the seed piece.
Most farmers with us cut the seed- at
once and proceed to plant. There seems
to be no gain in time by treating before¬
hand, as one can in a few minutes or in
a few hours, at most, treat more seed
than he can plant in a week. In regard
to the outlook for potatoes, I am in no
position to give an estimate, except to
say that the Northwest is rapidly be¬
coming a potato-producing region. Be¬
fore many years North Dakota will al¬
ways have a surplus for shipping under
ordinary conditions. It is easy to raise

them here, and there is so much new
ground that diseases have at present but
slight effect, though I have seen cases
in which blight and rot very materially
reduce the yield. henry l. bolley.

North Dakota Station.

I have never used the formalin treat¬
ment; we use the corrosive treatment in¬
stead. For the prevention of scab we
soak the seed at any time in the Spring
that we have the most time, then dry the
seed, and it is ready for use. However,
the formalin treatment may act differ¬
ently; I would not use it anyway if I
could get the corrosive sublimate. The
potato market has a black eye in this
section this Spring. No one wants them
at any price as yet. I think the starch
factory will start soon, and then most of
the stock now on hand will go there. I
understand they will pay 12 cents per
bushel. Last Fall we could have sold for
30 cents on track at River Falls. I think
about one-third of the crop was stored.
The acreage this Spring will be as large
and possibly larger than usual. The yield
in this section is so heavy and the cost
of handling the crop has been reduced
to so low a figure that even at 12 to
15 cents per bushel the profit per acre is
all right. e. h. currier.

Wisconsin.

We have had no experience in treat¬
ing potatoes with formalin or chloride of
mercury for any long period of time be¬

fore planting. My opinion is that it might
be done with less risk with formalin than
with chloride of mercury, but I do not
like the idea of soaking them till plant¬
ing time for many reasons. I would ad¬
vise the inquirer to provide himself with
tank or barrels so that he can treat 10 to
15 bushels at one time, and do it when
h& gets ready to plant. It is not so much
inconvenience as he may think, and all
done in one job. Everybody seems to
say “cheap potatoes;” perhaps the author¬
ity for this statement is so apparent that
those of us who ought to see best are
blinded by its sightliness. However that
may.be, the New York State crop has not
been so excessive this last season (to my
mind) to warrant the present market
conditions, and the shrinkage from rot
and frost have been unusually large. Per¬
haps Michigan is to blame for the low
level of prices. With new stock late in the
South prices may recover somewhat.

New York. c. w. burnett.

Sealed Cans. — I believe the Chicago ordi¬
nance in regard to sealing cans of milk
shipped into the city a good one, with some
slight modifications would operate well in
New York City. I would suggest that the
seal closing the can should have on it the
name of the shipper, and also the name of
the station from which the milk is shipped,
so that bad milk could be traced. It is
mv judgment, based upon considerable obser¬
vation, that a very large per cent of bad
milk comes from its treatment after it
reaches the shipping station. It might also
be well to allow the use of a paper seal.

.r. C. LATIMER.

3i8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 15,

SOWING OATS AND RAPE.

Our experience at the Station Farm is
that if rape seed is sown with the oats, the
rape comes on equally rapidly with the
oats, and we get an excellent crop of green
forage, but are not able to cure the mass
so as to thrash and save the oats. In
fact, the rape grows too fast for the ob¬
ject sought. Therefore, it is better to
sow the rape 10 days or two weeks after
the oats were put in. In this case the
oats have become started, and soon over¬
grow the rape and hold it in check, so
that at harvest time it does not interfere
with securing the crop of oats, and is still
established in the soil to make rapid
growth in case weather conditions are
favorable. It is desirable at the time of
sowing the rape to go over the land with
a light harrow or with a weeder, particu¬
larly if there has been rainfall since the
oats have been sown, but if there has been
no rain since the oats were sown, so that
no crust is formed, and there is ap¬
pearance of rain coming immediately after
sowing the rape, it probably would not be
necessary to harrow in order to get a
catch of rape seed. Rape sown immedi¬
ately after oat harvest would give con¬
siderable Fall pasture, but would not be
so satisfactory a crop as if it were sown
as above suggested. However, weather
conditions would affect results very ma¬
terially. Oats require a large amount of
moisture to mature the crop. If the
weather has been somewhat dry, the soil
is quite apt to have been quite thoroughly
relieved of moisture and the rape would
start and grow slowly. If, however, there
is sufficient moisture to start the rape
promptly and cause it to make a rapid
growth, then quite satisfactory results
might be secured, even sowing after the
oats are harvested. j. l. stone.

It is not advisable in this section to
sow rape with oats to use as pasturing
after harvesting the oats, nor would it
be advisable to sow rape after the oats
are up unless the oats are to be cut green
for soiling. Very good Fall pasturing
with rape can be had from seeding imme¬
diately after the oats are cut, harrowing
the stubble, and, if the weather is dry.
rolling it. A very good crop of Fall rape
can be had after corn, by simply sowing
i* at the time of the last cultivation. Last
Fall I pastured lambs on rape after corn
until frost came, but this does not work
as well where the corn harvester is used.

Vermont. george axtken.

I understand now what I had already been
told that celery must have room all to itself
to thrive. We had a fair crop from second
planting in the usual way. As we buy
our celery plants each year, I would note
for the benefit of those who do likewise,
that with us the “seed bed” plants always
do better thafi the transplanted ones, and
at less cost.

Certainly the garden has been a great
pleasure to take care of, though this
has not always been perfectly done, ow¬
ing to “pressure of business,” that tired
feeling, and other causes. Cost of plow¬
ing, manure and seeds was about $11. I
do not know anything which comes as
near turning work into fun as a double
wheel hoe in the small garden. On any
piece of ground over 25x50 it is almost
a necessity, where the work must be done
in spare moments by the householder him¬
self. The scuffle hoes and cultivator teeth
are all that are necessary. Let alone the
“plows” and rakes which go with it, and
look so useful in the catalogue. Have
your ground plowed if you can rather than
spaded, but don’t harrow it much if at all.
A horse tramps down a small piece more
than he will loosen it up with the harrow.
Put on all the manure you can get or
afford — a one-horse load to every 25x25
ft. is none too much if it is good and
rotten. Further, I think it pays to let
berries, asparagus and such things alone
unless you own your ground, and don’t
plant novelties and things you don’t want
and will not take care of “just to see what
they are like.” Stick to tried varieties
and give them good culture. An hour of
work every morning or even half an hour,
will keep a surprisingly large piece of
ground in the pink of_ condition if done
conscientiously and with a love for it.
Another half hour in the evening setting
out plants, tying, training, and fussing
about will do the rest. Above all things,
make a plot of your piece of ground to
scale on paper, and lay it off as you intend
to plant, and then order your seeds in
time. Get them in the ground when they
ought to be there, the hardy ones a litfle
earlier than you think safe, and the tender
one a little later than you think necessary.
Keep a blank book among your garden
requisites, and jot down in it occasionally
things you will like to refer to— first plant¬
ings, favorite varieties, first pickings, and
comparative yields, and such like. Make
the rows straight and lay the whole garden
out with an eye to the looks of it ; if you
have a small place you can add to its at¬
tractiveness, for there is nothing more
pleasing than a neatly ordered and well-
kept kitchen garden. x. Y. z.

Anthracnosf. in Berries. — T have never
been able to eradicate anthracnose in rasp¬
berries, except by destroying the affected
plants. I believe the Experiment Station at
Geneva has decided after thorough trial
that. Bordeaux will control it if begun in
Spring and persisted with, hut it has seemed
to me that it cost too much. My plan Is to
begin with the healthiest plants obtainable,
give thorough cultivation, and if disease ap¬
pears, dig out and burn affected plants, and
renew the whole plantation once in from
three to foqr years. F. E. van Ers.

New York.

POSSIBILITIES OF A BACKYARD.
Sound Advice from a Backyarder.

Part II.

Cauliflower we have vainly attempted
to raise several times, Last year the cool,
moist season did allow us to get a few
heads, but none was really first-class.
Cabbage did well enough, as also kohl rabi,
which we discovered -is about the meanest
vegetable that grows unless you know
how to cook it. Brussels sprouts and late
turnips were too late in getting in, and
did not amount to much. We had a single
row of kale.

We had about half a barrel of Winter
beets, also parsnips, carrots, ruta bagas
and oyster plant to draw on through the
Winter. Our Swiss chard was still flour¬
ishing a month after frost ; it is a vege¬
table which should be in every garden.
It “grows itself/’ and gives a continuous
supply of delicious greens, which when
cooked are identical in taste and appear¬
ance with young spinach, but unlike spin¬
ach, it does not go to seed and can, in fact,
should be cut, or rather pulled (like rhu¬
barb, which it somewhat resembles in
growth) continuously throughout the sea¬
son, taking only the best outer leaves
without injuring the heart. Our celery
was in good shape — what there was of it.
I made the experiment of planting it
between widely-spaced rows of onions,
and lost my first planting. I figured that
the onions would be out of the way by the
time the celery needed to be handled, but

STOW ELL'S EVERGREEN HWKKT CORN SEED,
A No. 1 Quality. 85 to 100 per cent. good. $1.75 oer
bushel, bags free. A. R. Cummings, Akron, N. Y.

rnn Oil E— 1 crimson clover seed, 1550

run OflLt bushel; Cow Peas, * 1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E HOT-LAND.

Milford. Delaware.

1‘otat oes— Blush Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Harvest,
Ohio, Queen, 6 Weeks, 85 kinds. C W. Ford, Fishers, N Y

SEED POTATOES

Early Michigan and Banner. Pure, sound
sorted stock. Sacks free. Also seed corn
for grain or ensilage, at farmer prices. Per Bn

HENRY FIEI.1>, Box 26, Shenandoah, Iowa.

Seed Potatoes &

Also berry plants, etc. Catalogue free.

L. .1. FARMER, Box 20, Pulaski, New York.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U.S.Dept. of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertiliser as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4. 50; half barrel,
170 lb., 3Mo per lb; barrel, 4251b. ,314c. Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
039-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

FREE!

A SCIENTIFIC BOOK telling how
to double crops and make poor
land rich by using

NITRO-CULTURE

Nitro-Culture is a harmless natural plant-
food gathering germ. Works among
plant roots — nourishes, invigorates the
crop — makes poor soil rich. Results
guaranteed or money hack. $2 enough
for acre. Write for catalogue S. 2.

Alfalfa growers recommend it.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.,
West Chester, Pa.

STRAWBERRIES

You want strong rooted, vigorous plants, right
varieties and bred to bear. If you have
never tried Harrison plants before
you should do so this spring.

The name Harrison Is a guarantee of strawberry
plant excellence. You are sure to get just what
you order and wo guarantee you’ll be pleased with
the stock. SO varieties, every favorite.

Bubach, Brandywine, Blamarck, Creaeent,
Excelsior, Candy, Haverland, Mark Hanna,
Mlchell’a Early, Paraona, Warfield, Efc.

Wrapped and packed to go safe anywhere. Prices
right. We guarantee arrival in perfect condition.
Have us ship you any sized trial order. We
know you’ll come again. Catalog free.

Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

Plant. Northern Michigan Grown Seed Potatoes
Wonderfully productive, yield 360 bu. acre last year
Varieties Early Michigan, Ohio, 81x Weeks, 60c bu.;
Late Beauty of Hebron, Superior, Carman No. 3,
Uncle Sam, 60c bu.: 100 Bu. Lots Carman No. 3 or
Uncle Sam, $40. H. BI.EMHUBEII& SON, Specialists,
Marquette, Michigan.

SEED POTATOES

liaised In Aroostook, Me., specially for seed, from
carefully selected stock, Delaware, Green Mountain.
Carman 'No. 3, Early Six Weeks, Early Fortune, Enor¬
mous, Wonderful. Fine specimens at $2 per bbl. on
cars. EDWARD D. TUTT, Marblehead, Mass.

E. L. Clnrkson’s Clermont, and Nevis Farm’s

Pride of the North Yellow dent Seed Corn. Earliest
to mature and a heavy yielder. Price, shelled, hags
included *2 bu. 75c. : bu. lots and over $1.25 per bu.

F. O. B. A. E. BOUER, Mngr., R. F. I). Tivoli N. Y.

Refer by permission to Rural New-Yorker.

Choice Northern Grown Seed Potatoes

per bu. Six Weeks, Burpee's Extra Early,
June Eating, E. Surprise, E. Fortune, Carman

At 75c per bu.

Bovee, .Tune Eating,

No. 1 and No. 3, World’s Superior
MAPLE LAWN STOCK FARM.

New Berlin, N. Y.

BURT’S

DAHLIAS

20 KINDS $1

Awarded the GRAND PRIZE
(highest honor) at St. Irouis Ex¬
position. Catalogue free.

H. F. BURT, - Taunton, Mass.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get. a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

Fill Your
Silo With
Sweet Corn

It has been recommended by the majority
of •Experimental Stations that sweet Corn
fodder is the most desirable for ensilage pur¬
poses. A large crop the past season gave us
an exceedingly fine sample of Evergreen
Sweet Corn which we now quote for ensilage
purposes at $2 per bushel, f. o. b. here. No
charge for sacks. While we have a large
stock we feel this special price will move it
quickly. Therefore, advise prompt orders.

W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Seedgrowers
PHILADELPHIA, * -

- PENNA.

Baldwin Apple Trees at Bargain Prices

We have a surplus of first-class Baldwin Apple Trees
which we offer at $1.76 per 12, or $13 per 100. We offer
first class medium sized Baldwin Apple Trees at $1 .50
per 12, or $11 per 100. We offer Early Richmond and
Montmorency Cherry Trees, large size at $2.50 per 12,
$18 per 100. We offer you 6Thanksgivlng Prune Trees,
large size, $1.98, regular price, $3. 200 Pineapple

Strawberry Plants for 98c, or 500 for $1.75. Twelve
Grape Vines, red, white and black, forll. All other
kinds of plants, vines and trees are sold. Please
send for our Free Catalogue.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y,

The BEST RASPBERRY

Is Plum Farmer, early, large, enormously

Sroductlrc. Catalog of raspberry, straw-
Brry and other berry plants free. Write.

L. J. FARMER, PULASKI, NEW YORK

500,000 ASPARAGUS ROOTS

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ALL OTHER VEGETABLE PLANTS IN 8EA8ON.
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STRAWBERRY PLANTS

PTME HTT.T. FRTTTT FARM Center Brook. Or

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY ^'vV-rx's

PLANT FARM. Athenia, N. J.

Abington yielded over 300 bu. per acre in matted rows.
Circular free. Lester Blanchard, Abington, Mass.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton’s Eclipse, Sample.
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora. N. Y

WatersAcid Proof
File Resisting

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

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Far, Near?
and

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are" Using

UNITED STATES

Separators

for they have proven the U. S. the surest and simplest money maker for the
farm. Its simple bowl, Operated by strong gearing entirely enclosed in a sub¬
stantial frame, is easy to turn and gets all the cream— holds world’s record for
clean skimming. Notice the low supply can.

There are other advantages in using a U. S. aside from its wonderfully clean
skimming, that are told in our handsome booklet, “The Dairy.” Send for it
immediately; it’s free.

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehoures at Chicago, Minneapolis Omaha, T.a Cro««e, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kanta, City, Mo.,
Salt I,ake City, Utah, San Francl.co, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and Sher¬
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3 Q7 ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO SELLOWS FALLS. VT.

Write "Osgood," Binghamton. New York, about
their "New Idea” ready to weigh “Pitless Scale.”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

3i9

" CHEMICALS AND CLOVER” UP-
TO-DATE.

Development of a Fertilizer Farm.

Part IV.

We have followed the rotation through
and now come to perhaps the most im¬
portant crop — corn. This is not the
money crop of the farm and yet Mr.
Lewis regards it an essential part of his
farming. The income from this crop tor
the past five years is stated as follows :

1901

1902

1903

1904

1905

Sales of grain

. $251.76

. 185.90

. 242.17

. 308.54

. 252.57

Milk Calves
and Cows
$750.21
652.90
747.14
741.04
531.02

When asked why the corn crop is given
credit for what the cows earned it will be
necessary to give a little more of the larm
history. When I first began to visit the
farm but little account was taken of the
cornstalks. Corn was grown largely be¬
cause Mr. Lewis considered it then, as
now, the best farm crop to utilize a clover
sod and the farm manure and prepare
them for potatoes. The grain was sold,
but the stalks were handled in a waste¬
ful manner. They were fed in bundles,
the cows and horses nibbling off the
blades and leaving the stalks practically
untouched. Quantities of the stalks were
thrown into the barnyard to be trampled
down by the cattle into the mud and ma¬
nure. These long stalks were hauled out
on the sod and plowed under to feed the
next corn crop. This was a wasteful prac¬
tice because the feeding value of the stalks
was lost while the manure was less valua¬
ble. The low prices obtained for potatoes
and wheat for a term of years compelled
Mr. Lewis to study out some way of sav¬
ing wastes. A creamery was located in
the town and the small herd of cows was
slowly increased. A silo was built and
instead of husking the corn crop a good
share ;f it was cut into silage. The dry
stalks from the husked corn are run
through a shredder so that the entire crop
is now cut up for feed. It is safe to say
that this change from feeding whole stalks
to silage and shredded fodder means a
gain of at least $500 in the cash income
from the farm. That represents the feed¬
ing value of the stalks which was for¬
merly wasted. The manure also is in far
better condition for handling or for use as
plant food. We must remember that both
wheat and corn have increased in price
during the past few years, and there is
no present indication that they will soon
go back to old figures. Where the stalks
can be utilized in this way corn is one of
the most profitable crops for any farm
where a rotation including a sod is fol¬
lowed.

For it must be remembered that corn is
the best possible crop to follow a meadow
or old pasture. It is the hog or farm
scavenger among ordinary crops, because
of its habits of growth and its vigorous
feeding power. We can easily see why
corn is best adapted to utilizing sod and
coarse manure. The plant food in the
sod is largely in the organic form, of little
value to most crops until it has been de¬
composed or thoroughly broken up. As
is well known heat and moisture are re¬
quired to bring about this change in or¬
ganic matter, and the change occurs most
rapidly during the latter part of Summer,
when the soil is warm and moist. Of all
farm crops corn makes its best growth at
this time. It is the latest crop of the ro¬
tation to be planted, grows slowly through
the cooler weather of May, but as the soil
grows warmer it jumps up with tremen¬
dous strides. Just at the time when nitri¬
fication is most active in the sod, that is,
when the organic matter is being changed
to available plant food, the corn is making
its best growth and perfecting the ear.
The potatoes would be past their best at
that time and the grass or wheat would
have been harvested, while corn fits in
exactly as a cleaning and manufacturing
crop.

As has been stated, two crops of grass
are cut. After the second cutting manure
is hauled from the barnyard at any time
and spread On the sod. As the land is
level there is little, if any, loss of plant
food through this method. Generally the
barnyard is cleaned out twice a year, at
this time after harvest and again in the
Spring, all the manure on the farm being
put on the second year’s sod and plowed
under in the Spring for corn. All this is
done not only with a view to securing a
good corn crop, but also with the idea of
filling the soil with humus for the potato
crop, which follows the corn. The corn
intended for the silo is planted in hills
much the same as the other except that
where the corn is to be cut and husked
about three stalks are left in the hill,
while with that intended for the silo five
stalks are left. This gives more stalk
and leaf for the latter and still a fair
amount of ear and grain. Of course the
crop is thoroughly cultivated and kept
clean. Formerly there was at this point

what we considered a weak link in the
rotation. After the corn was cut the
ground was left bare. Here there was
likely to be a loss in soluble nitrogen,
for the process of “breaking up” or de¬
composing the sod went on even after the
corn was ripe. Of late years Mr. Lewis
has adopted the plan of sowing Crimson
clover at the last working of the corn in
August. In most seasons this clover
makes a good growth during the late
Summer and Fall, and this living crop
prevents loss of plant food by taking it
for its own use. Thus when the Crimson
clover thrives there is practically no time
in this rotation when the soil is not occu¬
pied with a living crop. This is true
farming and if Crimson clover would not
grow it would pay well to sow rye or tur¬
nips in the corn.

It is sometimes found desirable to use a
quantity of chemical fertilizer on the com
in addition to the sod and manure. This
fertilizer contains nitrogen enough to give
the corn an early start and a fair propor¬
tion of both potash and phosphoric acid.
These would be especially necessary on a
very rich sod or where an abundance of
manure was used, as in such cases there
would be too much nitrogen which might
produce more stalk than ear. Thus it
will be seen that under this system of
farming the idea is to feed the fresh, or¬
ganic forms of plant food to the corn and
the more soluble forms to potatoes. In
this connection we may speak of the plan
advocated by some of plowing old mead¬
ows or pastures and planting corn. At a
time when western corn was so cheap that
it was burned as fuel there was little in¬
ducement for an eastern farmer to in¬
crease the acreage of this crop. The mar¬
ket price for the grain is now nearly twice
what it was 12 years ago, and Mr. Lewis’s
figures will show the great feeding value
of the stalks when cut and fed with grain.
It will rarely pay to break into the regu¬
lar rotation to increase the corn area, but
on many farms there are old pastures or
meadows or fields grown up to weeds and
trash. Corn is just the crop to tame
these fields and either fit them for other
crops or by sowing “catch” crops in the
Fall, to continue in corn year after year.
In plowing such fields we must remem¬
ber that they are not like Mr. Lewis’s sod
and manure. The growth in these old
fields is hard and tough and the organic
matter will become available slowly. We
cannot expect a full crop of corn from
such fields the first year unless we use a
fair dressing of fertilizer. They are
usually in such a position that manure
cannot be hauled to them. By the aid of
fertilizers such fields can be made pro¬
ductive from the start and kept in profit¬
able use for years. h. w. c.

Harrows $5.80 Up

Cut this out and send to us
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalamazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

Price 16T00th Not L!n«l, *5.80
** 18 “ “ 6.30

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

“ 24 « “ 8.75

Price, Lined

44 41

U »4

it l»

. t 6.10
. 7.00

. 7.60

. 10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land In 17. Y., Pa.,
W.Va., and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth boltB are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md.,for *1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can’t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo mun. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm, It's
free, GASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

408 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

Agents

quick

in

wAWtec

STAND BY

1 8 TOOLS in one

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nall Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Parmer Wants One at Sight

P On# of our agent, says he willmako *1600next year. Wobe-
l!e»ctioc»n. Thlil, the beat loUor we er.r ,»w. Write ft*
OO Si-.-T.i.Orm »nd plan t„ Aonrra. Make money now
J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Tredericktown.Q.

The Great Agents Supply House.

THE TOWNSEND

WIRE STRETCHER

is the most easily attached or de¬
tached of any implement made.
Stretches to the last post as well as
to any. Steel grips that never slip.
Can be got at any Hardwaro store.
Write for circulars. Satisfaction
guaranteed.

F. G. TOWNSKND,
Painted Post, New York.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND , FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15tli. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City.

for
this
I .awn Mower.

SOU Page Catalogue FREE

describing & illustra¬
ting 20,000 articles at
extraordinary prices.
Hardware, Tool s ,
Agricultural Imple¬
ments, Housefurmsh-
ings, Cutlery, Guns,
Sporting Goods,
Watches. Clocks, etc.
The most complete
volume of the Kind
ever issued — 000 pp.
f DEC Wo make this
iriLL special ofTer: If
your letter reaches us be¬
fore April 30, we will
send you our great cata¬
logue No. 89, and Supple¬
ment of Useful Informa¬
tion FREE, and pay all
the postage, providing
the edition is not ex¬
hausted. Write to-day
and avoid disappoint¬
ment.

Buy in New York from the
oldest mail order house in
the United States. (Est’d
1816). 90 years in business.
Save money. Wo sell only
standard, popular goods, and
at the lowest prices in this
country. Lower froight rates from New
York than from points near your home.
Save on freight charges. Everything
you want for less money than you would
pay anywhere else in the world. You can
buy single pieces from us for less than
your dealer lias to pay for the same thing
in quantities. Buy at wholesale. You
can get our Great Catalogue Free
by writing to-day to Dept. P.

Only t| 7C for 150 ft.

roll, 36 In.

wide Poultry Netting.

Family Scale,.
Welgha up to

rr$L8o

Only 40C

for this
Steel Shovel.

///ft}

Chatham Square, New York, N. Y.

Est’d 1816. Oldest Mail Order House in America.

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple in construction.

Half (he Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Bales all kinds of
hay and straw. Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co.. Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

Hollow Cement Stone

The cheapest and best building material known. One-
half the price of brick. Cheaper than wood. Can be
made anywhere, by any one on Bunn’s Machine.
Big demand at 100 per cent, profit. Price of machine
so low that it will pay to buy one for an ordinary
building. Write for catalog and particulars to

Dunn & Co., 350 W. Fullerton Ave„ Chicago, III.

UNITED STATES

Importing Canadian

WHEAT

la Now a Fuct. Get a

HOMESTEAD

WESTERN

CANADA

or buy some of the best wheat lands on
the continent, and become a producer.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

The average yield of wheat this year
will be about 20 bushels to the acre.
The oat and barley crop will also yield
abundantly. Splendid climute good,
schools and ohurches, excellent market¬
ing facilities.

Apply for Information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottuwu, Cun., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this puper.

D.,K, CHAMPION POTATO MACHINERY^

’ - - m ", tto.tf to (/>» Wise It Sufficient?' TlU ,

Planter fill* a long-felt want of tba Potato Grower*
aa it doaa not bruUo or enuh tba tead, and will
plant mora correctly than any otbar plantar
Bade. It ia mtdo WITH OR WITHOUT fUTIUZU
ATTICHMKST, and it opens tba trench, pltats tba
potatoes any diaUnca eat for, covers them
and marks for the next row— all with only
driving the horses steadily and keeping
r , tba hopper filled with Potatoes. Tba
* tUTUIZU AT71CHM1IT cm 1>« regulated to
distribute say

Any ordinary tesra of horses will dig you* crop of

Iotstces and do it well with the 0. K. Champion Digger
Itlil WILL TROU THIS. These Diggers are now working
in 26 States of the Union and are fast displacing the heavy draft machines. Sea

- - potato MACHINERY

laaklet a*
Petal*
Cellar*

deaUK or write to the CHAMPION !

rco.

machines. See too#

Himaond, Ii4a

SPRING TOOTH
HARROWS

Frames Lined and Faced, or unltned.
Teeth Full Weight, Best Made.

Send to-day for Special Circular and Price List.

LANSING IMPLEMENT CO., Lansing, Mich

HENCH’S

20th
Century

Steel Ball Coupling Pivot Axle
Cultivator Roll Dcu0br'n

Planter and Fertilizer
Attach Complete in
One Machine.

COLDWaMEDAL

at World’* Fair, 8t.
Louis. A wonderful-
Improvement in culti¬
vators, combining every
possible movement of
gangs and wheel* re¬
quired. Easily changed
to different styles.
Thousand* In use. M’f’r'sof all kind of Ag’r’I Im¬
plements. Agents wanted ; write for circular.

The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs., York, Pa.

b THE FAMOUS <

Green Mountain

Adds twenty to twenty-five per
cent to the productive value of
every cow.

Makes it possible to feed your
present herd at one-half ihe present
expense, or to mainlain a herd
twice as large without any addi¬
tional expense for feed. Pays for
itself in two years at most, and in
many instances in one year.

Our New Catalogue tells all
about it. We want you to have a
copy of it. Write us to-day.

Agents wanted in unoccupied

-pomp,,* *. w

g*jTsiTj£»££w3 territory.

I Note: We ire manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and
Supplies for Dairy and Geamery : alio Gasolene Engines.
I Pleasure Boats, etc., etc. - . — ■ -- — ^

V^TODDARD MFG CO., Rutland, Vt.

No. 9
Iron Ag*
Combined
Double and
Blngla
Wheel
Hoe, Hill
and Drill
Seeder.

Larger and Better Crops

Cultivation of growing crops at the time most needed
is what makes quality and quantity. With Iron Age
Implements the farmer can speed his work, take
advantage of every opportunity, and produce
Id

crops of larger yield and a better grade.

IRON AGE Implements

Save their cost *everal time* during a Season, often taking the place of an
extra hand. Our new No. 26 Fertilizer Distributor attachment may be ap¬
plied to our famous No.6 combined tool, orto our No. 1 Double Wheel Hoe,
as Is the case with Seed Drill attachment*. This wonderful implement and
the No. 60 Riding Cultivator are fully described in "Iron Age ’’—a free
book containing much valuable Information to the progressive farmer.

It also describes the Iron Age Potato Planters, Horse Hoes, Sprayers
Fertilizer Distributers and other labor-saving farm implements.

BATEMAN MFG. CO.. Box 102, Grenloch, N. J.

No. SO
Iron Ag*
lvot Wheel
Biding Cultt

r*toa

NO CHANCE FOR MISTAKE
WHEN. YOU BUY THIS RAKE

The cheapest farm Implements are the kind that
last. Durability in a rake is necessary, especial¬
ly in the head, frame and wheels. This is
where the wear comes and this is where

n

The JOHNSTON

ALL STEEL RAKE

is particularly strong. There’s no wood to
shrink, split or get shaky— it’s all steel ex¬
cept tongue or shafts. Head and frame are
atiale steel; wheels are steel with double
pokes; teetn are long, flat-pointed and clean the ground
Qing. A well balanced rake that is a pleasure to operate. Our special
rake folder tells why the Johnston costs less than the ordinary kind of rakes. It’s free.
Send for our 1905 catalog and see the Johnston line of farm implements that won the St.
Louis World’s Fair Grand Prize— highest award given. A postal card will bring it.
THIS JOHNSTON HAKVKSTKK CO., Box O-l , BsUvIa, New York.

cast hubs and round staggered spokes; teeth are

320

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 15,

£

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Big Spanish Onions. — Most growers
are now familiar with the idea that the
immense mild-flavored brown onions im¬
ported during late Winter from Spain,
Portugal and to a lesser degree from
Central American ports can be grown
here with only macerate attention to the
cultural needs of the variety. Portuguese
gardeners in California and Rhode Island
regularly grow these big fellows, and here
and there a "pecialist raises a fine crop,
but they are not yet cultivated to any ex¬
tent in home gardens. Hope Farm has
successfully grown two crops of big
Prizetakers, the variety most nearly repre¬
senting the large Spanish onion, as re¬
lated in past numbers of The R. N.-Y.,
and appears to have adopted the “new
onion culture” as a regular feature of its
work. On the Rural Grounds we grow a
few hundred plants each season by the
transplanting process with most satisfac¬
tory results, having little li ing for our
strong-flavored but long-keeping native
market onions. The Egyptian Perennial
for early and Prizetaker or Gibraltar for
Fall and Winter use seem about all that is
needed. The plants for the purpose are
started in boxes under glass about the
first of February, and well hardened off
in frames before planting out. We aim
to have the stems about half the thick¬
ness of an ordinary lead pencil, and allow
the soil in the boxes to get nearly dry for
several days before transplanting to
toughen the plants still more. The soil is
prepared by digging in a good application
of old stable manure and raking in a top¬
dressing of a reliable complete commercial
fertilizer at the rate of one quart to the
rod of drill, spreading it about one foot
wide. The plants are shaken out of the
boxes, tops and root trimmed back with
the knife, the latter being left not over
two inches long. We then dip the roots
in water and freely sprinkle them with
dry earth, which puts them into the best
possible condition for immediate planting.
They are put in, four inches apart, with
an ordinary dibble and the soil com¬
pacted by tramping along the row. Nearly
every plant lives with this treatment, and
the after culture consists simply of keep¬
ing the soil about the plants mellow and
free from weeds. The weed problem is
reduced to a minimum if the soil is pre¬
pared, with the xception of the commer¬
cial fertilizer, early in Spring, and hoed
over as weeds germinate until the onions
are planted out in May. A varying per¬
centage of plants usually fail to bottom
out, but -form in late Summer large scal¬
lions of very good quality to those who
may be fond of green onions. When the
tops die down the onions are pulled and
cured for a week or more on the ground
in the shade before storage. We find they
keep better than if taken at once to the
cellar. If very large onions are wanted
they should be set eight or 10 inches
apart, continuously cultivated and fed
.with nitrate of soda raked in the soil near
the rows, or frequent applications of liquid
manure of various kinds. We find bulbs
weighing half a pound very desirable for
home use, but the larger ones sell more
readily. When the Spanish grower trans¬
plants his onions he spaces them accord¬
ing to the market for which they are in¬
tended. Americans want the biggest, and
they set the plants a foot apart. British
buyers prefer a smaller size, grown eight
or nine inches apart, while for home use
and the Paris market bulbs grown about
four inches apart best meet the demand.

In each case he uses the best soil and
most intensive culture available. The
“new culture” or transplanting process,
in distinction to raising onions directly
from the seed or from dormant sets or
bulblets kept over Winter, is probably as
old as the art of onion-growing itself, but
was little practiced in this country before

1889, when it was much exploited by hor¬
ticultural writers, some of whom appeared
to think they had discovered a new proc¬
ess. Seedsmen now offer many varieties
of large, sweet Mediterranean onions, but
we find American-grown seed of Prize-
taker to be, on the whole, most satisfac¬
tory. The bulbs grown from this seed are
very large, solid and well-formed and ex¬
cellent keepers when properly cured. The
quality is very good, but probably not as
mild as some of the more perishable
kinds. The large imported onions are
sold by weight at from four to eight cents
per pound, according to scarcity.

The Crimson Fountain Grass. — One
of the most ornamental grasses we have
grown is the new Crimson Fountain grass,
a variety of Pennisetum macrophyllum,
recently introduced from New Guinea.
A small plant received last April from
Henry A. Dreer, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.,
was planted out at the end of May as a
specimen on the lawn. A circle of sod four
feet in diameter, was cut out, the soil dug
20 inches deep, and well enriched with
fine manure, ground bone and wood ashes.
The plant grew rapidly in the warm wea¬
ther that followed, and reached a height
of nearly five feet before, frost, making
a huge clump of coppery-bronze foliage
with many tawny crimson plumes a foot
long rising from its midst. The leaves
are more than an inch wide, and droop
in a most graceful manner. It is one of
the most vigorous and graceful dark¬
leaved plants we have ever grown. The
rich coloring was not evident on the
young plant, but intensified as the weather
grew warmer and was preserved until ac¬
tual freezing. This beautiful exotic grass
cannot, of course, survive our Winters, but
grows freely from seeds, which must be
started early under glass. Clumps can
be carried over Winter under greenhouse
protection, and divided before Spring.
Plants are offered by the introducers at
25 cents each. The genus Pennisetum. to
which Pearl millet, the well-known for¬
age plant, belongs, contains many luxuri¬
ant and highly ornamental grasses. One
of the finest is P. longistylum, nearly
hardy at Washington, D. C., but usually
grown as an annual from seeds. The
foliage is dark green, large and fine,
while the long greenish-white plumes are
gracefully disposed. P. Ruppelli, usually
catalogued as Purple Fountain grass,
grows nearly six feet high, and has im¬
mense plumes of silvery purple; it is ex¬
cellent for garden decoration, and for
dried bouquets, as the plumes retain their
lovely color for a long time when cut.
It grows freely from seeds, which may be
had for 10 cents a racket. Either of
these grasses make stately specimens for
the dooryard border or farm lawn. When
planted singly the soil should be well dug,
strongly fertilized, and water given with¬
out stint in dry weather, so as to encour¬
age a luxuriant and imposing growth.

w. v. F.

Pure Canada Hardwood Ashes

The Best, Cheapest and Most Lasting Fertilizer,

The Joynt Brand is the best

Joynt’s ashes are all collected from house to house.
Now is the time to order a carload for this season.
Write for prices to JOHN JOYNT,

Lucknow, Ontario. Canada
Reference: Bradstreet’s Agency

—THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything of its kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per tank, brass pump, bronze ball
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pump right or left hand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprayer combined.
We make 20 styles sprayers. 'Write for Catalog.

THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

Henion A Jlubbcl), West’n Agta. , Chicago.

RCHARD PROFIT

0 depends upon working all the
fruit into a salable product,
cider for i nstanee. If clear and

¥ureit sells readily at a profit,
bo best is produced by a

HYDRAULIC c%s

Made in varying sizes, hand or
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC. C9„
38 Cortlandt St., New York.

fe' f

KOI

ft

it

Wash Sprayer No. 28

White-wash your poultry-houses and stables.
Killslice ami ve min. Easy to operate. Sprays
white-wash rapidly. Impossible to flour. Also
for spraying trees, washing wagons, etc.
Double a tlon pump, will spray 30 It. high,
has 3 1-2 feet heavy hose, extension-rod, brass
nozzles, steel stirrup, ball valves. All brass
pump, $3.50: Galvanized Iron, $2.f>0. Cash
with order. Express prepaid. Agents wanted.

I). Ii. Smith & Co., Utica, N. V

Save Your Trees

vines and
plants

, , - from the

ravages of scale, fungi and worms. Neglect
means no crop. Spray with Excelsior Spray¬
ing Outfits and save the fruit. Send for free
descriptive catalog. Do it now.

WM. STAHL, 70 B guiucy, Ill.

What sprays

do you use ?

Bowker’s

are best

they are carefully and scientifically made
Uvvauav combinations, many of them prepared
on government formulas, and all of them are specifics
for the pest to be destroyed. Not one remedy for all
ills, but each the most effective of its kind. All ready
to use by adding water.

fifiANA for instance, kills all insects
vllvj which chew, such as codling-
moth, canker-worms, elm-leaf beetle, gypsy and
brown-tail moths, etc. The most powerful insec¬
ticide known. Sticks like paint to foliage ; not washed
off by heavy rains. 2-lb. sample, 50c. Enough for 75
gallons spray, $1. Enough fora large orchard, $4.25.

Large Illustrated Catalogue Free

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

MADE ONLY BY THE

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.,

BOSTON, MASS.

Be sure and get Swift’s. If your dealer
does not handle it. write direct to us.

Hardie Spray Pumps

Make perfect Fruit

Ton don’t have to take our word
for It, read what The French Nursery
of Clyde, O., says about their HAKDIB
SPRAY PUMP*

“The spraying outfit we purchased of yon
has given tho very boat satisfaction. Any¬
one in need of a spray pump makes no mistake
when they buy the Hardie*'

The French Nursery, Clyde, Ohio.
Bend today fer our free book on spray.
Ing, complete formulas and valuable infor- A
(nation on how to makeyour orchard pay.
U00K-I1 AUDI*: CO., Hudson, Mich.

Ill Mechanic 8U

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.

Air is four-fifths nitrogen. ZET JiACTERIA
HATH lilt IT EOlt 1£OU! Inoculate your soil
and seed with Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria.
Safe and easy— anyone ean do ,t. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, et.-. One
treatment lasts for years ! Half acre package $1 ;
one acre $1.50. Send fore rcular.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers iu our
own orchards — found
their defects and then In¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
Into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully Illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich

43 Colchester Avenue,

Burlington, Vt.

SAVE TREES BEFORE DISEASED

by spraying, and thus add to your profits. Use THE
PERFECTION SPRAYER for all insects and fungi.
Sprays everything. Saves its cost in one season.
Combined hand and horse power. Catalogue FtiEK.
THOMAS PEPPLEK, Box 45, Hightstown, N.J.

Good Fmiit

Versus Bad

is the subject at issue and no
wide awake farmer will doubt
which is more desirable.

The 5pramotor

absolutely insures you 8o% of an
increase in the crop from your
orchards. The Spramotor pays for itself many
times over which is better than costing you
nothing. Don’t confuse it with Spray Pumps.
Write for Booklet (A). Full particulars free.

SPRAMOTOR CO.
Buffalo, N.Y. London, Canada.
AGENTS WANTED.

EMPIRE
,ht KING

„ , wSrim.n.i.«siasLsiai.‘Ki

I No leather nor rubber valves. All styles of Spray I
Pumps. Valuable book of instructions free.

FIELD FOBCE PUMP CO., it 1 1th St., Elmira, * y.

“FUIMA

■ ■kills Prairie-Dogs,

Woodchucks,Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” 80 the weevil, but you can stop

""W* "Foma Carbon Bisulphide "S&S

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

THE JUNIOR, No. 2

Meets the demands of parties who, for a small investment,
wish to engage in the Cement Stone Business for the mar¬
ket, or purchase machine for their individual use
It is so simple and easy of operating and change for
different sizes that it can be successfully used by in¬
experienced operators,

It is thoroughly adapted to any and all kinds of con¬
struction. business blocks, factories, dwellings, barns,
foundations, porches, yard fences, chimneys, etc.

It not only makes hollow blocks, but by using a parting
board will make veneer or partition walls, four- inch bed
or thickness and two stones at one operation, one of
which can be rock or bevel edge, smooth. Manufactured by
Brady Cement Stone Machine Co., Ltd.,

CS" ». Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

321

Hope Farm Notes

Florida Again. — No doubt some of our
readers have been at St. Augustine, Fla.,
while many more have read something of its
history. On our way to Hope Farm, Jr., as
Aunt Emma has named the Florida farm, we
spent a day at St. Augustine. Several things
are claimed for this place, the first perma¬
nent settlement in what is now the United
States, the first introduction of human slav¬
ery here, a fortress that never was captured
and a system of land development that shows
just how not to do it. The old stone fort
was of great Interest to me. One could see
how admirably it was located for defense.

A sand bar protects the entrance to the har¬
bor, so that no vessel could get close enough
for attack. The swampy land all around pre¬
vented an enemy from locating cannon where
they could reach the inside of the fort. Sev¬
eral times the enemy captured the town and
burned it, but the Spaniards marched into the
fort and shut the gates and then, as long as
their food held out, they were safe, for no
cannon that could be planted within reach of
them could make a hole in that fort. It was
true of most things in those old days that the
“ins” had a great advantage over the “outs."
The case is different now. A modern warship
could stand a few miles off shore and blow
that fort into a pile of broken stone. I ncle
Sam doesn’t build any more forts that way,
but Florida people still operate after the
manner of those old Spaniards in some ways !
The interior of the fort is very interesting.
The little girl and I groped our way into a
long and narrow hole in the rock which was
formerly used for a prison. By the aid of
lighted matches we found our way to the end.
There are marks on the wall at one place
which are said to have been made by Osceola,
the Indian chief, so that he might climb up
to the little hole which lets in the sun. I
am glad I didn’t live in that, age! I hear
Florida farmers of to-day make some com¬
plaint about business conditions, but the red
farmers who occupied their land 300 years
ago were worse off. They toiled against their
will to build this prison, and then were
.thrown into it.

The point of history which impressed me
•most was the way these Spaniards failed to
.develop the country. There was a garrison
for the fort and a militia company in the
town. They were paid by the Spanish King,
and as a result there was no need for them
to work. The very food they consumed was
brought from Spain. The Spaniards were ex¬
cellent farmers in their own land, but in
Florida they seem to have neglected the soil.
-They did not teach the Indians a higher ag¬
riculture, but simply lived on Spain !

This is one of the customs which, it seems
!to me, has been pretty well carried over.
During the past Winter Florida has been
filled with people who work elsewhere, and
willingly exchange the proceeds of their toil
for Florida sunshine and air. I am careful
not to say “Florida food,” for a good share
of what they eat comes out of northern stor¬
age houses and canning factories. Walk
through anv good-sized grocery and see the
mountains ‘of canned tomatoes, peas or
peaches ! In one place I am sure I counted
at least 3,000 cans of f'aliiornia peaches,
manv of them of poor quality and picked
green at that. We can raise a peach in Flor¬
ida that is five times as good : in fact, every
bit of that canned stuff could be produced in
the State, saving money and providing labor.
Florida is a paradise for a hen. yet thousands
, of cases of cold storage eggs are sent from
the North. There was some excuse for the
Spanish soldiers when they brought their
food from Spain, but is that any reason why
Florida farmers of to-day should permit trade
to make them walk Spanish on their own
farms? There Is no State in the Union with
better market possibilities than Florida, and
none in which those possibilities seem further
'.removed from facts.

Old Stories.— A fellow has some strange
Thoughts when night comes in Florida. The
twilight is short. The sky blushes as the
sun goes to bed in the West, and then the
shadows come rapidly through the pine trees.

I sat out on- the porch, holding the youngest
baby of the- family. The little lake in front
of us was rippling in the night breeze. Some
one had started a fire in the pine woods, a
way tliev have here of burning over the old
wire-grass so that a more tender growth will
grow up for the cattle. In every direction
the fire had crept slowly into the woods,
lighting up what seemed to be great caverns
under the trees. Roses and orange trees were
in bloom. All the voices of the night were
C subdued. Inside the house one of Uncle Ed’s
boarders had started a graphophone ! We
had eaten apple sauce and baked beans for
supper, and perhaps that brought me back
to the labor record of those old Snaniards at
St. Augustine. I fell to comparing it and its
effect upon the country with the record of
those who settled New England. One set of
men settled in a warm country, where it
seems to me Nature stands ready to fill man’s
cup to overflowing. These men accepted pay
merely to idle and fight, and were not even
interested enough to produce their own food.
The other set of men landed upon poor,
sterile soil where Nature has more frowns
than smiles. They had neither financial back¬
ing, salary nor popularity, nothing but the
labor of their hands. To my mind it is a
striking contrast, the petted and lazy Spanish
soldier idling in the King’s pay. and the
gaunt Yankee fighting for very life against
famine and cold ! Who wonders to-day why
one conquered while the other went down ?
Did not the strugHe of one build character,
while the indolence of the other lost it? Who
reallv questions the grim justice which draws
this ‘biting line down through nations or sec¬
tions or families or individuals?

Probably those who feel that they carry
the sins or infirmities of others. I know-
of people who go on through life feeling that
it has been given them to carry the burdens

which by right belong to their ancestors.
There is no corner of the world in which you
cannot find men and women with a hunger
of the heart, which ranges all the way from
regret to something nearer madness.

I thought of all these things as I sat in the
Florida evening rocking the hopeful little
child. When a man gets down near bedrock
with himself it doesn't seem to make much
difference with him whether he is at the
North Pole or at the Equator! Inside the
house the graphophone was turning out its
noise. Now it was a joke or funny story, and
then it sent out to us the full music of a
brass band. Then there was a whirl and a
pause and there came clear and strong as it
in answer to what I had been trying to work
out :

“It may be in the coming years,

Perhaps within the better land.

We’ll read the answer to our tears.

Some day ! Some day we’ll understand.

“Then trust in God through all thy days,

Fear not, for he doth hold thy hand.

Though dark the night still sing and praise.

Some day ! Some day we’ll understand !”

I wish every reader could hear that just as
it came to me that night. It was the music
of a quartette. A woman’s voice went soar¬
ing up at the end and a man's bass went
down, as if to form a solid foundation. No
doubt it seemed like a very common thing for
them to sing into the machine when that roll
was made. Yet they did not realize how
their words and music were to be carried all
over, bringing comfort and hope to those who
stand in need. If a dead machine can carry
the expression of the best that is in the
human heart in this way a man ought to be
pretty well ashamed of himself to carry his
worst around with him.

Farming. — But I hear some one say, why
not drop all this and tell us how farming is
progressing? Such thoughts are nearer the
heart of farming in Florida than of any other
section I know of. Thousands of Florida
farmers are not there from choice, but be¬
cause the climate suits them, while the
weather at the old home denies them com¬
fort. In that part of Putnam County where
my farm is located people have largely pinned
their faith to oranges and Winter boarders.
The latter make a fair crop, though many a
slab-sided boarder will gnaw the rind of
profit down so thin that you can see through
it. Oranges in this section are a worse gam¬
ble than a game of poker. The section needs
substitute crops for oranges. We are trying
potatoes. Alfalfa and peaches in a small way.
and hope to try poultry, hogs and a small
dairy herd later. At New Year’s I planted
about 30 peach trees on the Stringfellow
plan, cutting the top back and pruning the
roots to stubs. They were put. in small holes
with the earth packed hard around the roots.

I saw them again exactly 84 days later. They
had not been touched since I left them. All
were alive and had thrown out branches all
the wav from eight inches to nearly three
feet long. I did not believe it possible that
such growth could be made during the Win¬
ter, especially on that sand. Several of these
little peach trees actually have six or more
peaches as large now as walnuts. Trees
which Uncle Ed set two years ago on this
plan are loaded with fruit. I don’t like to
make such statements, for I am frank to say
that I would not believe them had I not
planted the trees myself and seen the growth !
It only seems to show what a man can do
with this Florida soil if he will half try.

But suppose you do raise peaches, what can
you do with them?

They come in at least three weeks ahead
of the Georgia crop, when the market is about
bare of peaches. I understand they do not
ship well when fully ripe. I imagine that, in
order to put them properly on the northern
market, iced cars or crates must be used. I
think, however, that local markets of the
State can absorb a good many. I don’t see
why they could not lie canned to take^ the
place of‘ the California peaches. A Florida
peach will melt in your mouth, while what
comes out qf a California can is often like a
rubber ball !

I asked a man who has been in Florida
manv years if there is no feeling of State
pride which would prompt people to make a
market for a Florida peach !

“Not a bit!” he said.

There you get another trait inherited from
those old Spaniards. What did they care
about Florida? They stripped the State in
order to send gold away to the old country.

As for Alfalfa, we have sown it in three
kinds of soil, and in two different ways. We
expect to keep on sowing it every three
months until we learn the best time for sow¬
ing and the best soil and conditions. We
used the “cultures” to supply bacteria. The
see«( was moistened with the liquid and then
dry sand was mixed with the seed and all
broadcast. Then the remainder of the water
containing the bacteria was sprinkled over
small plots of soil to make doubly sure of in¬
oculation. The seed was covered with an
Acme harrow and plank drag. In one place
we sowed oats with the Alfalfa, intending to
cut them and let them remain on the ground
for a mulch. This sowing was done March
31. As for our potato crop. I must leave a
description of that for another week.

h. w. c.

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KEYSTONE
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for any cultivator. Runs
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KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO..

1547 N. Beaver Street, York, Pa;

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Tomatoes, melons, cabbage, turnips, lettuce
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CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS,

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Disk Plow cuts a furrowo to 10 in. deep, -- r~ t11 in. wide
All these machines will kill witcb-
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any foul plant. Send for cir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROY7 CO.,

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Key

FARMING FOR PROFIT

The increasing value of farm lands makes it imperative that every acre cultivated
yield a profit— this means that the cultivation must be thorough and scientific, and
that none but improved methods and machines be employed. We here illustrate
a machine which is at the fore
front of farming implements.

BUCKEYE

No. 156 Improved
Buckeye Pivot Axle
Hiding Cultivator.

Pivot Axle

RIDING CULTIVATOR

£

The name “Buckeye” on a farm im-
lement means a great deal to the
armer. This particular machine has
special features which commend it, and
make it the most popular riding culti¬
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tivation. Is very strongly built and easy
of operation. Bee it at your dealer’s or
write for catalogue.

P. P. MAST & CO.,

9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

THE

Tandem Garden

Lou Dillon CULTIVATOR

A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Faying garden tool ever invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width
between) In an instant. No wrench needed. Shallow, Medium or Deep Culti¬
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depth all down the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without one of our time savers, liuilt for the big gar¬
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Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
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Solaaitol© Mnfg. Oo-

XDopartmoxit O

322

April 15,

Live StockandDairy

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

DORSET SHEEP FOR VIRGINIA.

Is the Dorset a good sheep for the moun¬
tains? What is the difference between the
Delaine Merino and the American Merino,
and what are the strong points of each? Will
it pay me to get a good ram of one of these
breeds and build up a flock from my West
Virginia mountain ewes, or would I better
continue to buy ewes from that source?

Virginia. J. R. s.

The chief value of the Dorset is for
raising Winter lambs. Unquestionably they
would do as well as or better in the
mountains than any of the Downs. The
Cheviots, as noted in previous issues of
this paper, would he better than either if
they are to “rough it.” The Delaine

Merino is a larger sheep than the Amer¬
ican, lacking the wrinkles of the latter
with wool of a longer fiber. Perhaps noi
quite so hardy, but a splendid sheep.

From what I can read between the lines
of the above question, I should say the
Delaine Merino ram would be the one
to use with the West Virginia mountain
ewes. By selecting the best ewe lambs
from such parentage, in a few years J.
R. S. will have a flock of sheep far su¬
perior to anything he is likely to buy

from that source and at no greater, if as
much, cost. _ E. v. a.

BUILDING A DAIRY ROOM.

I am arranging a small dairy for family
purposes and wish to build as quickly and
with as little expense as possible. I have
thought of building a double wall of oak
boards with a space of six or eight inches
between the walls and fillinr^ in with saw¬
dust or nailing building paper on the in¬
side wall, leaving a dead air space between,
excavating two or three feet and walling
with rock, cementing the floor on the sur¬
face of the ground. Will some of the read¬
ers of The R. N.-Y. advise me whether or not
my plan will prove a success, and offer such
suggestions as may be necessary in the plan?

Virgina. c. w. b.

You evidently desire as complete in¬
sulation as possible without unusual ex¬
pense. Your idea is very good indeed.
The sawdust filling will be all right if it
is dry, otherwise I would use fine, dry
shavings. Use a lining of building paper
under the outside boarding, which should
be matched lumber. I do not think it will
pay to use paper against the inside ceil¬
ing; fill in this space with shavings or
sawdust. Then inside of this ceiling fur¬
row out a half inch, putting the strips just
one side of the studs so that there will not
be a solid wall at any one place; lath and
plaster with Portland cement and sand
one part to two. The ceiling overhead
can be made in the same manner, that
is, stuffed and plastered. The excavation
is all right and the use of Portland ce¬
ment as you suggest will make an admir¬
able outfit. Do not forget to put in double
or even three windows, and build the doors
stuffed and in the regular form for an
ice-box so they will clamp nearly air¬
tight. Then set out trees of a quick
growing variety near it, and you will have
a neat, cool storage room. h. e. cook.

COW WITH CAKED UDDER.

What can I do with a four-year-old Jer¬
sey cow, fresh four months ago, that is
constantly caking udder? Trouble began at
that time. I am able to reduce to nearly
normal condition, when trouble is renewed.
I have been giving her Epsom salts, and
some borax in feed, and rubbing lard with
baking powder, and sweet oil, on udder. 1
feed eight pounds a day of about CO per cent
buckwheat bran, 40 per cent dry beet pulp,
linseed meal, and all the cornstalks and hay
she is liable to handle. The trouble seems to
be in top portion of udder, almost entirely.

New York. F. P.

Bathe the udder three times daily with
water as hot as the cow will stand for
10 minutes at a time, rubbing all possible.
Then dry thoroughly r.nd rub well so that
udder will be warm and dry. Milk out all
the milk possible immediately before and
after bathing, and give the cow nothing
but hay until the trouble ceases. Then
try feeding two parts wheat bran to one

part oil meal for grain feed, and not ex¬
ceed eight pounds per day. If she shows
signs of return of the trouble take away
grain. You can usually tell a little ahead
of serious trouble, as the udder will feel
unusually warm and velvety. By improper
care and feeding the cow may have con¬
tracted chronic garget, and not much help
for that, but give this treatment a fair
trial and it may help her. H. G. M.

Cow Retaining Afterbirth. — On page 152
I note an inquiry regarding treatment for a
cow retaining the afterbirth. After the calf
is born take the first three milkings (milking
in the hand, so it will be warm) and rub the
milk well in on the backbone from roots of
tall to center of back. I have used this
recipe for 40 years, and never knew it to fail.

North Iiaven, Conn. A. B.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

/c

WILL Rr
SEND

^Lbla

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE, PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

.BLATCHFORDS CALF MEAL FACTORY,
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

i\

>T milk

NIALS A

3RY

COOPER

SHEEP DIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD *”•«<>

yi-upH. Used on 250 million** annually. If local
druggist cannot supply, send S1.76 for (100 gul.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyu, 73 Heaver St., N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

C H ESTER WHITES

Both O. 1. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M. L.
Bowersox,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, muted not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not. satisfactory. Reg
Holsteius. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
lnCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

MEADOWBROOK BERKSHIRES.

CHOICE ANIMALS of all ages and both sexes for
sale. Representatives of the best .English and Amer¬
ican strains. Prices reasonable, quality considered.

MEADOWBROOK FARMS, Bernardsvllle, N. J.

Springbank jj

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. »<nwwwwi and sept Boars,
and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marhledale, Ct.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOtrO-HBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

DCf* fl I P DlfSC sPrink farrowed,

IlLUa Ui la Ua rlUO fine stock. No
better. C. G. BOWER, Ludlowville, New York.

0. I. C.

Sixty fall and spring O. I. C. pigs
at reasonable prices. Cumber¬
land Farm, Gettysburg, Pa.

OA SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
_ | _ la Boars. Best strains bred from
" ■■ Wi Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

rolific

O.I.O.

Registered Stock. March and April farrow.

Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Plmrsalia, N. Y.

“For Fancy Country Homes”

The Jersey Red
Hogs and Pigs

Surpass all other breeds. The free catalog explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

DEGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

'OR SALE — 35 Scotch Collies, Cheap.
J.H. VANDEN BOSCH, Jr., It. D. 7, Auburn, N. Y.

DR. DAVID
Roberts

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 6 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Or. David Huberts, Cattle Specialist

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

HOLSTEIN- FRIESIAN

ANNOUNCEMENT

I will offer at public sale in connection with Mr. C.
F. Hunt, on Thursday, April 20, 1905, at Degnan’s
Stables, No. 414 South Clinton St., Syracuse, New
York, with others from my herd the following AD¬
VANCED REGISTRY COWS.

BERTHA SHADELAND PAUL 53657, A. R. O.,
3603, born Sept. 14, 1899. Bred to Maplecroft Paul
DeKol, 30480, will be fresh April 24, 1905. Butter 4
years, 20 lbs. 7.6 oz.; mil* 437 6 lbs., average fat 3.74;
sister of Paul Eusebia DeKol 23 lbs. 6.8. Her sire's
dam is an own sister of Pauline Paul. Twenty pound
cows are rare.

RUBY TERPSTRA 2D 47802, A. R. O. 3602, born
March 15, 1898. Bred to Maplecroft Paul DeKol 30480,
and will be fresh April 10, 1905. Butter 20 lbs 2.0 oz.,
milk 440.5 lbs., average fat 3.65. She has 3 A. R. O.
sisters. Her dam is sister of Netherland Maud Mooie
23 lbs. 11.12 and Pleasant Valley Kate 24 lbs. 5.0.
Twenty pound cows are scarce.

PAUL DEKOL AAGGIE BEAUTY 46898, A. R. O.
born March 26. 1898. Fresh Jan. 9, 1905. Butter
19 lbs. 13.7 oz., mllk501.4 lbs. This cow has 8 A. R. O.
sisters. Her sire is a brotherof DeKol 2d PaulDeKol.

ALTOANA DEKOL EDITH 54655, A. R. O. 2565,
born Feb. 19, 1900. Fresh Jan. 12. 1905 Butter 2 years

II lbs. 1.9 oz.; butter 4 years 17 lbs, 2.1 oz., milk 423
lbs. A line cow with 5 A. R.O. sisters.

PAULINE PAUL 2D’S QUEEN 49149, A. R. O. 3910,
born Dec. 15, 1898. Fresh Dec. 9, 1904. Butter 16 lbs.
11.3 oz. This cow Is full sister to the sire of Lilith
Pauline DeKol’s $1100 son. This cow is a grand¬
daughter of Pauline Paul, the great record cow, and
is superbly bred on both sides.

LAPOLKA DeKOL 66492, A. R. O. 3813. born April
12, 1900. Butter 14 lbs. 3.8 oz. Her sire is a brother
of Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline, 34 lbs. 6.2, the world’s
record cow

LUCY B. CLOTHILDK 53313, A. R. O. 3285. born
Aug. 7, 19C0. Rutter at 3 years 13 lbs. 12.5 oz., average
fat 3.85. Fresh Dec. 18, bred Feb. 26 to Maplecroft
Paul DeKol 30480.

The above Cows are all good ones. If unable to
attend send for catalogue and mail your bids to me
on the above.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

L, E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

m m< : . "7U- ; " ' '

v

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Goldkv Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GULDEN FERN'S LAD out of Im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCA8 and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

lif~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

WHITE SPRINGS WARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deaule 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Klorham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS. Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $100 to &3UO, also several mature bulls.

FIFTY BLACK MAM'

MOTH JACKS

Some nice jennets and sad¬
dle stallions all registered or
subject to registry. Our prices
are as low as any firm will make
them giving a responsible guar¬
antee. Write for catalog or come to see us before
you buy. J. F. COOK & CO..

Union Stock Yards, Lexington, Kentucky.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot Of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City, Kentucky,

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FKIESIaNS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A new world’s record madel 8tarFarm has broken
all world's record In the sale of registered Holstein-
Frleslans this spring. Consignments are made al¬
most daily, and 1 still have over 260 head left. Am
offering Service Bulls sired by Aaggie Cornucopia
Pauline Count, No. 29642, Mercedes J ullp’s Pletertje’s
Paul, No. 129830, Belle Korndyke Beryl Wayne, No.
32387, all backed by world's official butter records.
Granddaughters of DeKol 2d’s Paul DeKol, and
daughters of Manor DeKol, fresh cows, nearby
springers, male and female calves. Circulars sent
on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D„ Cortland. N. Y.

Registered HOLSTEIMRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old; large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30100. and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

F. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForest Dorchester, Mannger McLennan
Stock Fann, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must bo disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. H.Y.

uni CTPIN Dill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlIl DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N. Y'

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
.JOHN B. MARCOU.

H

OLSTEIN BULL CALVES. Scotch Collies, 8payed
Females. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

You Can Buy

A rich four months JERSEY BULL and a pair of live
months BERKSHIRE SOWS from my bargain coun¬
ter. W. F. McSPARRAN, Furnlss, Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

Hogistoroci Jerseys

9 Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

ITnrnr lofcov fiilfc Bred $20. Choice pigs; 8
UllrOC jersey UIII5 weeks, *6, either sex. All

eligible to regs’y. A. B. Woodhull, Wading River, N.Y

fltirnn loreouc Boars ready forservice Sowsfor
UUI Uu"JGI OGYO Spring Farrow. Pigs at weaning.
B. P. Rock Eggs/ L. R. KUNEY, Adrian. Mich.

POLLED DURHAM FOR SALE— Young Bulls,
6 to 12 months. Also yearling heifer. Reds and Roans,
Dams good milkers. Price $50 up and registered free.
Address JAS. A. EICK, Hibbetts, Ohio.

COWS FOR SALE

Having wintered more cows than can pasture, will
sell good milking, young, native cows, due to calve
March and April, at $40 per single head, or $35 per
head in lots of ten, f. o.b.

Route No. 1. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. V.

AYRSHIRES

A few first-class cows and young stock, Prices right.
Correspondence solicited, Maple Row Stock Farm,
Cherry Creek, Chaut. Co., N. Y. F. H. Cookingham.

Herefords Dorsets

(Entire 1 1 H TO 0 TO (Kntire
Herd) UUIuUlU *'lock(

A PROMPT BUYER WILL GET A BARGAIN.

DR. ARMSTRONG, Lantz Mills, Va.

Reg. Dorset and Tunis Rams to close out $8. Hol¬
stein Ualves, ? 15. Bonnie Brook Farm, Buffalo. N. Y.

it

Sir Clyde’s Son

J 9

Born July 7, 1904. Perfectly marked, nearly one-half
white, an extra individual. Sire, “SIR CLYDE,”
wliose sire’s dam was “CANARY’S MERCEDES,”
and wliose dam made over 24 lbs., and her milk tested
over 4 per cent. Dam made 14 lbs. 11 oz. at 4 years in
August. Was sired by “ADMIRAL DEKOL,” sire
of 9 A. R. O. daughters. This one should get cows
giving rich milk. T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport, N.Y

If you are going ^A<rW*lTpi^‘*TyT‘ BULL, and will write us

to buy a ™ , N m. Mm M JL J. wl just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers- Hustings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD, Lacoua, Oswego Co„ N. Y.

J905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

323

TROUBLE IN INCUBATOR HATCHES.

I have had several hatches in incubator
and out of every hatch I have several that
do not hatch out. Some of them are pipped
ready to hatch, so the fault is not in the
eggs. Can you tell me what the trouble Is?
Do I get them too hot or too cold, or do I
have enough moisture? t. g.

Tate Spring, Tenn.

Even the makers of the incubator, who
should know just how to run it better
than anyone else, can’t tell us why so
many eggs pip and the chickens can’t get
out. They told us we did not use enough
moisture, and we have not used any for
five years ; sometimes we hatch almost
every fertile egg, and again not over 75
per cent of the fertile eggs, and we will
see chicks left in all stages of incubation,
and we can’t tell where we have varied in
the running of the machine. There is a
whole lot that we do not know about
incubation yet. We should take every
care not to let the machine run too hot or
too cold. Give the eggs lots of air, or cool
them often, and follow the maker’s direc¬
tions as closely as possible, and keep at
it. FLOYD Q. WHITE.

TAKING THE SPURS OFF ROOSTERS

One of our readers asks the following ques¬
tion with reference to preventing roosters
from fighting : “How would it do to ‘despur’
the old roosters? They fight the young and
drive one another out of the pens into the
cold. I have known cases where they broke
their spurs off close to their legs, and did
not seem to suffer much inconvenience. I
think they would get along much better with¬
out them.”

I never keep over a male bird that is not
good enough to mate with eight or 10 fe¬
males. This year I have four pens with
20 to 25 females with three cockerels. I
have but little trouble unless I take out
one and put another in; that is when the
trouble comes in. They have no long
spurs. I find the most trouble comes from
beaks, and I would like to cut beak of
male bird. The way I do is to keep my
male birds in separate pens till mating
time. In my small pens I use boards or
cloth between yards.

Connecticut. Arthur Melbourne.

We have never had any experience in
despurring the roosters to prevent them
fghting, but do not think it would do any
good, as we once had a White Wyandotte
cock bird that never developed spurs, and
he bothered us considerably in driving the
young cockerels out of the houses. We
have had cock birds that broke off spurs,
but they would drive the other birds just
the. same. We do not think it would
make a bit of difference to despur the
roosters to prevent their fighting, or driv¬
ing other roosters. c. A. stevens & co.
New York.

Theoretically it would work all right to
“despur” the old birds, but unfortunately
theory and practice do not always work
together, as in this case the birds would
have left their beaks, which, wfith deter¬
mined old fellows behind them, would
work as effectively and as mercilessly as
the spurs. We have never despurred a
bird, and the fact that the young birds
fight as viciously before they get spurs,
leads most poultrymen only to keep one
male in a pen. If in the breeding season
it is necessary to use two, shut up one of
them while the other has liberty, changing
off as often as you wish, but never allow¬
ing them in the pens together.

New York. floyd q. white.

At this season of the year (a season
when male birds are bound to fight if to¬
gether) we mate all our cockerels and
cocks separately, one male with 15 Leg¬
horn hens. We have mated three males in
one pen, but we virtually give them free
nwe or quarters large enough so that
they can keep out of reach of the boss
fighter. About June, what cocks we wish
to reserve over we place in a large en¬
closure that contains a number of acres.
We have a large, heavy Game that is a
good-natured old fellow and we put him
in with the flock to keep them straight.
He has a good disposition and does no
fighting unless others fight, and then he
takes a hand and stops all fighting. I gen¬

erally put one old bird with a flock of
cockerels, and as a rule the old cock will
allow no fighting. As I said before, it is
almost impossible to keep a large number
of cockerels or cocks together in the
Spring. In regard to cutting off spurs, it
can be done, but we never do it. I know
nothing about breaking them off. I do not
believe in treating birds that way.

New Jersey. a. g. brown.

I have removed spurs about 15 years.
It is cruelty to the hens to leave them on.
I prefer to saw them off about a quarter
inch from shank with a fine-tooth saw,
though I have cut them off with pruning
shears. The shears are apt to break the
stump or crack it and make the bird lame.
No harm has ever resulted from despur¬
ring any bird, while it makes them less
belligerent. Whenever I have a hen that
is vicious — attacks, young chicks — I al¬
ways clip off the points of her beak; only
the points. This does not in the least in¬
terfere with her usefulness, while it pre¬
vents her from killing or seriously injur¬
ing chicks. When spurs or beak points
are cut off they bleed a little, but quickly
heal over. fred grundy.

Illinois.

PEKIN DUCKS.

Which is the purebred Pekin duck, those
with the pale yellow bill or the orange col¬
ored? w. h. s.

Pekin ducks should have rich orange
bills and legs; plumage with a slight
creamy tinge. _ j. e. s.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

The Toilers in Our
Factories.

No workmen in the world can do so much
or use the satn intelligence that our own
American work-men and women are capa¬
ble of. That is why
America is now beating
the world iny manufac¬
tures ; all <? le to the
brain and muscle of our
Yankee men and
women.

Unfortunately where
there is smoke, dirt and
dust and little sunlight
there also can be found
the germs of disease.
Nature’s great disinfec¬
tant is sunlight. It is
in the factory, the work¬
shop, the office, that
men and women suffer
from diseases which are
in the dust and the bad
air. Such disease
germs enter into the
blood in two ways,
either through the
lungs or stomach.

After years of experi¬
ence in an active prac¬
tice, Dr. R. V. Pierce,
of Buffalo, N. Y., discovered a remedy
that is a blood-maker and tissue-builder,
at the same time alleviates a cough. Ha
called it Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Dis¬
covery — an alterative extract that assists
in the digestion and assimilation of the
food— so that the blood gets its elements
from the products of digestion, the liver at
the same time is started into activity and
there is perfect elimination of waste mat¬
ter. The germs of grip, malaria, catarrh
or consumption find a fertile field if the
body is not kept in perfect order and
the blood pure.

Because the stomach is diseased there
is a diminution of the red corpuscles of
the blood. This is why one is sleepless,
languid, nervous and irritable. Sensitive
stomachs groan aloud at the irritating cod
liver oils, but they will get all the food
elements the tissues require by using the
"Golden Medical Discovery.”

The ’'Discovery” is absolutely a non¬
alcoholic and non - narcotic medicine.
There is nothing else "just as good.”

Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets, the best
laxative for old and young people. They
cure constipation and .biliousness

SALE AT PUBLIC AUCTION,

APRIL 18th, 1905, at 12.30 P. M— B. V. Kelly, Syra¬
cuse, N. Y., Auctioneer. The entire RIDGEFIELD
HERD of Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CAT¬
TLE, 40 head, cows, heifers and young bulls — choice
breeding. Catalogues now ready.

JA MES T. HOWELL, Howells, Orange Co., N. Y.

White Holland Turkeys

The kind that come home to roost. Eggs 13.50 per 9.
Stock after Nov. 1.

M. C. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

Incubator Chicks & Eggs^S

Hocks.

20 Eggs for$l. Pleasant View Farm, Seward. N Y.

COGS for hatching. $1 for fifteen; $3 for 50; $5 for
100. Stock as good as the best; each variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Eggs carefully packed; orders promptly filled. White
Wyandottes; Buff and. White Plymouth Rocks; R. C.
Brown, Rose and Single Comb White Leghorns;
Anconas; Black and White Minorcas.

Otselic Farms. Whitney’s Point, N. Y.

Greatest insect exterminator
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

u

SALE

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

F ourtli

ublio Salo

SYRACUSE, New York, June 8 and 9, 1905

This offering of 175 HEAD OF PURE BRED H0LSTEIN-
FRILSIAN CATTLE cannot but please all kinds of buyers.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, New York.
H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, New York.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanie, New Jersey
T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, New York.

STEVENS BROTHERS HASTINGS CO., Lacona, New York.

We wish all that are interested to have a Catalog. The largest and best we have ever Issued.

ADDRESS

S. D. W. Cleveland, Sales Manager, Syracuse, N.Y.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Kocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns.

.\1 luorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also, Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed, 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; 15 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS., R. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. .Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
I’rlcts. K. H. PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md.

S. C, White Leghorns

for business.

Eggs for hatching-
from birds bred
J. R- WINN, Smith’s Basin, N. Y.

BUFF. White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 00. Clr. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.

Cornish Indian Games Both Prizewinners
and White Wyandottes £r?rcSogu<fs 11

W. C. VALENTINE, Huntington. R. F.D.,New York.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY

Eggs for hatching from good stock, $1 per 13, $5
100. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New Y<

per
York.

HITE WYANDOTTE®, 400 layers, bred for
laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival guaran¬
teed. E. H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

W

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

FOR SALE Fifteen Eggs $1, from my celebrated
S. C. B. Leghorns, noted for their great laying quali¬
ties. If you don't think the Brown Leghorns are the
best layers read the Business Hen. Address,

ARTHUR GATCHELL, Alton, Wayne Co,. N. Y.

White Plymouth Rocks -shel ?fcr?in EggS from

$1 pei 15, $5 per 100.

tested laying stock.
Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y.

90

Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY.Box8, Telford. Pa,

falley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze and Wild
r Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

open COR PfifiQ —Our Barred Rocks lay 256to
DntU run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrison ville, Ill

MAGNOLIA FARM B. P. ROCKS

Best of layers, Eggs, 15, 75c.; 30, $1.25, Exhib. Health
and Fertility guaranteed. Beautiful Double Dahlias,
all colors. Two roots, 25c.; 10, $1. Post-paid.

Mrs. J. F. PERRY, R. 1. Lewes. Del.

BARKED PLYMOUTH ROCK- Fine stock a
specialty; eggs for hatching. Yards headed by
"Nucleus” and his equal, winner at the great Roches¬
ter show in 1902. Few equals and none superior.
15 eggs $2, 30 eggs $3.50: safe arrival guaranteed,

SIDNEY SPRAGUE, Falconer, New York.

Barred Rocks

(Ringlet strain) direct from E. B. Thompson; Eggs
from strictly choice matings, $1.50— 13, $3.00— 30. B.
H. ACKLEY. Laceyville, Wyoming Co., Penna.

ONLY FINE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

on my place.

Eggs, $1.00 for 15. or $4.00 for 100.

E. W. JENKINS, Dover. Delaware

Cox’s Barred Rocks safe* 1 «d

Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed
Eggs$l perl5. J. W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa

Leghorn, S, C, White and Buff and White

Rflf'kc ®reat Layers and Prize Winners. Eggs, $2
nUuiVo per 15; $8 per 100. A fair hatch guaranteed.
JOS. ANTHONY, R. 4, East Berlin, Pa.

1M APLE Villa poultry Yards. Be sure to place order
*• from guaranteed stock. 8ingle and Rose, B. and
W. Leghorns, B'r'd, Buff and W. Rocks, Golden and W.
Wyan.. Silver Hamburgs, Rose Andalusians. Minor¬
cas, and Anconas. W. G. Mosher, Sylvanla, Penna.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock.

LOCUST FARMS, Katontown, N. J.

Dfllll TDV®00®30000

H f We keep „.J

Ibami Tr«w,i ■ ery thing in the i

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
) bators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — j
jit s our business. Call or let us send you?
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the
i asking — it's worth having. !

YExcelsior Wire St Poultry Supply Co.,<

■J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City (

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCi

SQUABS PAY* ****

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain In America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page Illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty -two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are In these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin. Conn.

GOOD PROFITS FROM BEES

Learn how to make money easily, quickly. Send
for free copy of that lively bee-paper, Gleanings in
Hee Culture. Read It, Then subscribe. 6 months'
trial, 25e. 40 to 60 pages. Semi-monthly. Do it |

now. Name this paper and get a free bee-booklet.

A- I. ROOT COMPANY,

MEDINA, OHIO.

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs air-tight; keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Best in world. You want
it. For detail write

R. E. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

WatPf filaCC for Preserving eggs. Endorsed
VVUICI UIQOO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Cliem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

FOR HATCHING

$2.00 for 13

From prize-winning breeds S. C. Brown
Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Barred and
. VI.. , J® R°®ks. Price of Cockerelsand Pullets
. •3 U0 each. Trios $7.60. Green’s Poultry
Book for 26 cents.

GREEN'S NURSERY GO.,
Rochester,

P

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING, PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber. R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

FEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1 50 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked, $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 18; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New York City, 80 pens, 2,000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers In¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BKAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Mammoth Pekin Ducks’ Eggs

$1 for 11; $7 per hundred. Also S. C. White Leg¬
horns, Anconas, S. C. Black Minorca, $1 for 15; $r, ner
’”0. GEO. W. DeRIDDER. Ballston Spa, W

15 EGGS FOR $1

Fine Holstein-Friesian Calves from $20 up
MAPLE LAWN STOCK FARM. New Berlin, N. Y.

Fnnss fni4 Colp at 00c per setting. Se-
t-yy** ,Wr lected, 75c. Choice fine

laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Barred P. Rocks, R.

I. Reds, S. C. W. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

EGGS

85 for 12 ; 810 for 36, from Exhibition Matings.
82 for 12 ; 88 for 100 from Laying Matings.
Guaranteed to hatch Descriptive Catalog Free.

ELM POUILTRY YARDS

BoxY. HARTFORD, CUNN.

324

April 15,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

SHEEP NOTES.

Forage for Sheep.

What forage plants beside rape are good
sheep feed? I want something to come in
before rape. G. u n.

Elba, N. Y.

As a forage plant rape stands at the
head of the list as sheep feed. If G. L. N.
wants something earlier he doubtless
means something green before pasture, as
that usually supplies sufficient feed from
early May to the middle or last of June.
I know of nothing that he can sow this
Spring that he can pasture off earlier than
grass. If he has a piece of rye, sown
last Fall, that will supply the lack, and
make good feed, by the middle or last of
Aoril, and it can be pastured until well
into June. Care must be taken, how¬
ever, not to give the sheep too much of
it on the start, or it will scour them, which
will not only weaken them, but make
quite a serious loss by soiling the wool.
The sheep must also be kept off it, when
the ground is wet, or they will stamp it,
or pull it out.

If the pasture is short early in the sea¬
son and fodder or green feed is scarce,
silage will (if obtainable) keep up a fine
flow of milk in the ewes, almost equal
to grass. I am feeding largely of it this
Spring, with excellent results. Malt
sprouts that are clean and bright, when
soaked up make an excellent feed, bulky,
succulent and a good milk producer. I
have just put in some at $19 a ton, 22
per cent protein, and I consider them at
present prices, considering their content,
cheaper than hay.

Chilled Lambs. — At this season it
sometimes happens that a young lamb gets
chilled soon after birth. The custom is
to take such in by the stove, with the
result that the ewe often refuses to own
it when it is brought back, and the change
of temperature from 70 to 80 degrees near
the kitchen stove to 40 or 50 degrees in
a good stable is so great that the last
state is worse than the first. A better way
is to fill a stone jug with hot water. Take
the jug to the barn and curl the lamb
around it, right near the mother. This
will warm it thoroughly, quickly and in
the same temperature in which it is to
stay, and if a little of the ewe’s milk can
be got into its stomach when the lamb
is warm, it will be quickly assimilated,
and no further trouble will be experi¬
enced. _ E. VAN ALSTYNE.

TROUBLE WITH A SOW

I have a sow which had a litter of
seven strong pigs. She killed the first two.
I took the other five from her as fast as
they were born. The five seemed all right
and readily took cow's milk from a spoon
up to within an hour before they died which
was between "SO and 48 hours after they were
born. Their legs seemed to give out and
they shook all over, more or less. Can
there be something given to the sow so she
will own and not kill her pigs? Will the
sow own her pigs another time? What and
how should little pigs be fed when taken
from sow as I did? How warm should they
be kept when very young. Please give a
remedy for calves that have scours.

Connecticut. M. H.

When a t w destroys her pigs as soon as
farrowed she is in an unnatural condition.
In all cases, it is the result of constipa¬
tion, and this is caused by improper feed¬
ing and lack of exercise. Usually too
much corn is fed in corn sections, and
there is no chance given the sow to wan¬
der over a grass sward and gather a lit¬
tle grass. And more than this, she gets
no hay or rough forage of any kind. If
she can have clover hay, she will relish
it, and it makes no difference, it seems,
to her if it is the refuse from the horse
and cattle mangers, and she must gather
it out of the manure pile. A friend’s
sows at farrowing time one Spring failed
to give satisfactory results, and he
thought of changing the breed, but the
next Winter he noticed them eating clover
chaff where it was thrown from the mow
before distributing to the horses. Act¬
ing on the hint, he steeped leaves over
night in warm water. At the next far¬
rowing time results were all that could
be desired. When constipated, the teats
are feverish, and the touch of the pigs’

noses to the teats puts the sow in a
frenzy from pain, and makes her a hyena
in temper. I once saved a litter of pigs
by bathing the sow’s teats with hot water,
and rubbing. She would allow this, and
lie quietly, but till the pain was eased, if
a pig’s nose would touch her, it seemed
to make her wild with pain.

The bathing was kept up till she would
allow the pigs to suck, and afterwards
there was no trouble. A noted veter¬
inarian advised a feed of fat side meat,
to prevent trouble after it is known that
the sow is going to eat her pigs. But we
do not want to grow — and cure — pork
for this purpose. Another remedy ad¬
vised is laudanum poured in the ear,
rendering the sow insensible for a time,
till the pigs have started the milk to flow,
and reduced the fever. In all cases pre¬
vention along the lines spoken of is far
ahead of any remedy, after the pigs are
born. From seventy to one hundred pigs
have been farrowed on this farm each
year, for a quarter of a century, and no
sow has destroyed and eaten her litter.
It is very doubtful whether pigs can be
saved on cows’ milk taken from the sow
so young. It will not pay to undertake
it, for at least they will only be runts. As
to how warm they should be kept, let
their actions indicate; if comfortable they
will be quiet and sleep except when hun¬
gry. If too cold they will be noisy. It
is said that it is unsafe to retain a sow
for further use after she has killed and
eaten a litter of pigs. I am not sure
about this. It is unnatural for a sow to
do this, and if she is in proper condition
when she farrows it is unreasonable to
think that she will remember the taste of
young pigs that she ate six months before.

I would not part with a good sow for
one offense, when 1 knew she came to the
offense on account of my carelessness.
White oak bark, boiled, and the ooze used
as a cure for calves scouring I have found
to be an excellent remedy. For lambs and
young pigs I have found copperas an ex¬
cellent remedy. If I had occasion I would
try on the calves. A teaspoonful for a
60-pound feeding lamb ; a dose for a
calf, doubtless in something like propor¬
tion. But I do not like to prescribe for
others, because I do not know enough
about it, and am not a professional in that
line. JOHN M. JAMISON.

THE ONLY
CONVENIENT KIND

No other occupies so little space,
sits 60 firmly, has waist low cau, en¬
closed self-oiling gears, light bowl
without inside parts. Tubulars hold
present world's record for clean skim¬
ming and perfect cream. Write for
Catalog M-153.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

I I O Steel frame, round. Preserve per-

^9 I LU fectly, last long All convenience.

Special rates to clubs and granges

International Silo Co., Dept. B., Jefferson. O.’

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

Sa^'nS stanchion

VV. B. CRUMB, 78 Main St., Forestville. Conn.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila.
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder.

150,000 Dairy Farmers

are going to be added to the big army
of more than 600,000 users of

DE LAVAL

CREAM SEPARATORS

during the year 1905.

The all important profit-earning, time-saving need of the
Cream Separator is now universal y recognized by everyone.

As between different separators the De Laval is the original,
and has for twenty-five years led in centrifugal separation.
Would-be imitating machines simply utilize the construction
which expired De Laval patents leave free to them. New
patents still protect modern improvements.

The St. Louis Exposition gave the Grand Prize (very highest
award) to the De Laval Separators and three Grand and Gold
Medal prizes to its inventors and improvers, while the Grand
Prize and Gold Medal butter exhibits were all De Laval made.

A catalogue and any desired particulars are to be had for
the asking.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Druram St.,
SAN FRANCI8CO.

General Offices:

74 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

You
can pul-
v e r 1 z e
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard
Manure Spreader

because It hag a different Beat¬
er, a different Hake and Hood —
load not thrown high In air and
blown about. Spreads full width
and does not vary In width.

Endgate Moves Away From Load.

One lever raises end-gate and puts en¬
tire machine in operation. Non-break-
able mechanism to change feed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.,

Dept. K, Utica, N. Y.

Maker $ of Harrowe, CultilKh
fore , Potato HarvetUre,

£t *

SILOS

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

*E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.|

2>OJCsS ITa
We pay
FREIGHT

TIfiW T° build plant and feed
null Free Illuitrated Journal

Kalamazoo “hi

Gapey

Chicks

This 1b the most notorious, wide¬
spread and destructive parasitic
disease of poultry. Feed Dr. Hess
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a regularly as di¬
rected, beginning when the chicks
are a week old and continue until
they are well feathered, and if you
have loss from Gapes, Indigestion,
Leg Weakness and the like, the
written guarantee says you get
your money back.

DR. HESS
POULTRY
PAN-A-CE-A

Is the scientific poultry tonic and recon¬
structive, formulated by Dr. Hess (M.D.,
D.V.S.). It not only prevents and cures
diseases, but makes the young grow fast,
healthy and strong. Costa but a penny
a day for 30 to 60 fowls,
lbs. 25e, mall or f
express 40e ] Sxe.pt In Canada

5 lbs. 60e ■< and extreme

12 lbs. *1.25 J West and South.

25 lb. pall *2.50 V
Sold on a Written Guarantee
Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48 page
Poultry Book, free.

DR. HESS & CLARK

Ashland, Ohio.

Keep your poultry free from lloe
with Instant Louse Killer.

MAKE $500 MORE A YEAR

^ J Saving at the Bung. Losing at the Spi^.

linety-nine out of a hundred farmers do not own a stock or wagon scale. Ever^
man of them admits he needs one and is losing money without it. You buy the
best labor saving and money making machines, but you keep overlooking the value
of the profit saver.

For 30 years we have been trying to show you this fact and many have allowed we were
right. You will after you have had one sixty days. Many farmers nec^l a scale that
they can move about. We offer you our

Osgood “New Idea” Steel Pitless Scale

Just out. New construction. Send for booklet.
You tfcill like it. We make all kinds of scales.
By the way we want a good agent in your vicin¬
ity. Do us and him the favor to show him thi*
ad. Write us about scales for your own use.

OSGOOD SCALE COMPANY*

Box 167 Binghamton, N. V.

t -

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A WOMAN'S WORK WITH CHICKS.

From Bees to Poultry. — My story is
old, and with many variations has been
told and re-told, but as there is nothing
new under the sun, it may give a little
help to some other woman in search of
health, or dollars, or both. Always rather
frail, years of teaching left me with shat¬
tered nerves and weak body, a semi-in¬
valid for several weary years. When at
last, strength began slowly to return, it
was apparent that outdoor life and inter¬
ests were more imperative than medicines.
A colony of bees was the first venture in
this direction, and paid well, but, in a
couple of years the apiary grew beyond
my care, and my husband assumed the
greater part of the work. We still win¬
ter 50 or 60 colonies, and I help in swarm¬
ing time, and in the cleaning and grading
of honey, etc. But it is of chicken rais¬
ing that I would tell, in my own way,
being not a “hen woman,” but a “chicken
woman.” When the bees got beyond me,
I commenced, in a small way, with chick¬
ens, and have gradually increased the num¬
ber each year. I now raise only Single
Comb White Leghorns, of good strain
and careful breeding, as experience has
shown that this breed matures more quick¬
ly than those of the heavier varieties. The
360-egg incubator is set for the first hatch
the last of March, bringing off the chicks
in April and May. It is placed wherever
most convenient, but I prefer to have it
in the cellar. Formerly we used a 200-
cgg machine, and had to start earlier, in
order to get chicks enough by the last of
May. The incubator is run according to
the manufacturer’s directions, which is not
a difficult task, but it requires some at¬
tention at the right time and in the proper
manner. If all has gone well, the chicks
begin to appear on the twentieth day, but
it is best to keep the incubator closed until
the hatch is well completed, which ought
to be in about 36 hours.

Moving Inio the Brooder. — Meanwhile,

I get things ready for the babies. The
brooders are set in sheltered, convenient
places, near the house, (to be moved far¬
ther away laler), clean chaff spread on
their floors, and they are heated, for sev¬
eral hours, up to 95 or 100 degrees. A
basket, lined with old flannel, with a flan¬
nel cloth to throw over it, is used to carry
the puffballs to the brooders, which is done
as quickly and carefully as possible. My
brooders cost $5 e; ch, and I have learned
by better experience that crowding does
not pay. and that 50 chicks to a brooder
are enough for best results. I give them,
at once, plenty of sharp sand, clear water,
and feed nothing but fine dry bread
crumbs, all they pick up clean, every two
hours, for several days, adding, gradually,
rolled oats, 20-minute-boiled eggs, mixed
with the bread crumbs. (the eggs tested
out of the incubator, at the first and second
tests, are kept for this purpose), cracked
wheat, johnny cake, millet seed, etc., milk
and water always in the fountains; and ;
when they are about three weeks old, I
commence, once a day, with a mash, made
of meal, bran, and middlings, equal parts,
a little beef scraps, table refuse, salt to
season, and all mixed well together, with
sweet skim-milk. This mash, with wheat
at noon, and cracked corn at night, is
my “stand-by,” and I keep feed of some
kind always before them, but never feed
anything sloppy or moldy. As they have
free range, in an orchard, they get their
own green food, but plenty of good grit
must be provided at all times.

Further Care. — The temperature of the
brooders is kept at about 95 degrees for
the first week, gradually lowering to 75
degrees, the third week. 'Plenty of venti¬
lation is essential, and they are better a
little too warm than too cold. My brood¬
ers. had. no thermometers, and as I don’t
believe in compelling the chicks to register
the temperature for me, I suspended a
cheap thermometer in each brooder, six
inches from the glass, with the bulb two
inches from the floor. Artificial heat, ex¬
cept on wet days, can usually be dispensed
with at five or six weeks, sometimes
earlier, depending on the weather, and
the lateness of the hatch. There are al¬
ways some weak chicks, and probably a
few cripples, and these would better be
killed at once, however hard it may be to
do so, for they will probnbly die, or worse,
grow up to be unprofitable culls. Hawks
and crows sometimes get a few, but can
usually be kept away by streamers of gay
colors hung about. Rats are also a terror
to be fought. As the chicks never see a
hen, they have no lice. Mv chicks have
never had bowel trouble, and I believe this
is as often caused by keeping them too cold
as by improper feeding. The brooders

325

must be kept clean and dry, and the lamps
attended to twice each day ; even if they
do not need filling, they must be trimmed,
to insure a steady blaze, and prevent “run¬
ning up,” which is the cause of most
brooder fires, they must also have plenty
of air, and it is well to leave the door open
a little in muggy weather. I see to the
lamps at night about 6 o’clock, visit them
again at bedtime, and, if the weather is
cold or changeable, at least once during
the night.

Marketing. — The cockerels are sold
alive for “squab broilers,” as soon as they
weigh 12 to 16 ounces, to a meat market,
in a nearby Summer resort, for 25 cents
each, this being slightly more than is paid
farmers for mixed lots, as these are all
white, plump, and yellow-legged. The best
of the pullets we keep, the rest are sold
at four to five months, to anyone wanting
them, for 50 cents each, and we never have
half enough to supply the demand. When
the chicks outgrow the brooders they roost
in the low trees, without which roosting
houses would be necessary. By berry¬
picking and bee-swarming time they do
not require so exacting care. By Septem¬
ber the surplus stock is usually disposed
of, and by October the rest removed to
Winter quarters, when my care of them
ceases, although it is a satisfaction to
know that I could continue it, if neces¬
sary, and probably earn an honest living
thereby.

What the Work Means. — Raising
chickens bv this (or any other) plan, is
not fun ; although it is not hard, it is ex¬
acting work, and requires time, patience
and judgment. I think anyone who would
take good care of children would succeed
with chickens. It pays me, in more ways
than one. I can work out doors, gain
steadily in health and digestion, and hire
the sewing done that would make my head
and back ache. My hands get brown, my
calico dresses faded, and sometimes (it
must be confessed) are far from clean,
but the invalid is gone, and in her place
is a woman, doing all the housework for a
small family, making butter from six Jer¬
sey cows, raising chickens, watching the
bees, and making herself otherwise use¬
ful about 16 hours a day, all through the
busy season, and putting in a fair day’s
work all the year ’round.

DELL S. PETRIE.

MILK OIL DIP

FOR

Cattle, Sheep,

Hogs.

Oldest American Dip. Cheapest,

Most Effective, Strongest obtainable.

1 gal. can (1. 52 gal. barrel $40.

Oatalog Stockmen’s Supplies Free.

F. S. BURCH & CO., 144 Illinois Street, CHICAGO.

MINERAL Only Sure Cure.

REMEDY Positive and Permanent.

^ - Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany

ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures«»y
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Wamt-
- ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

No wonder it’s good!
Pratts Veterinary Liniment.

Madeby Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
st r noted. Saves
labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repaira.

STEEL WHEELS SL

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

When you strike a stubborn case of Spavin,
Ringbone, Curb, Splint or any other
form of lameness, use

KENDALL’S

SPAVIN CURE.

Men who have used it all these long years
assert that it is infallible in the treatment
of these diseases of the horse. You need not
take our testimony — take theirs.

Central Bllssville, Sunbury County, N. B.

January 18, 1904.

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO.

Dear Sirs:— l havo a horse that had a
hard lump of two years standing, it was on
the forward pastern, right above the joint.

I got a bottle of your Spavin Cure and did
not have to use over half of it to take the
lump all away smooth. I think every bot¬
tle of Kendall'. Spavin Cure is worth (10.00
to any lame horse. Kindly send me a copy
of your "Treatise on the Horse and his Dis¬
eases." Yours truly,

geo. h. McLaughlin.

or sale by all druggists. Price $ 1 ; six for
$5. Asa liniment for family use it has no
equal. Ask your druggist for Kendall’s
Spavin Cure, also “A Treatise on the
Horse,” the book free, or address

OR. B. J. KENDALL COMPANY,
Enosburg Falls, Vt.

DEATH TO HEAVES

NRWTOIPS Heive, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Care.

▲ veterinary specific for wind,
y throat and stomach troubles.
Strona recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio. a

A

~*f§glg|$ fBEfcNanun.

^ W Spreader
and Pulverizer

Makes fine and spreads evenly. Every¬
thing controlled from seat; start beater
or feed, or both, change to thick or thin
spreading, without stopping. The

Only Low Down Spreader.

Just right for use in cow barns and for
driving under low sheds — easy to load.
Right width to straddle corn rows. No
waste or scattering in yard or on road, no
freezing manure on box. Solid bottom,
scraped clean every load. Automatic drag
return. Double wheel drive, safety end-gate,
strength to stand the rough driving ana the
operating of machine.

Sand lor Free Catalog M • It describes the
modern spreader that has proven itself right.
The Newark Machine Co., Newark, O.

Cowy Sme/is

feed and stable odors left In milk
mean quick souring and low grade
butter and cheese. The

Perfection and Aerator

purities and cools perfectly.

Every particle exposed to the air. Simple, costs little,
most convenient, many sizes. Write for circulars.

L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

\{/ Chicks
Without ’*M
Lice

If you will.iprinkle the setting hen and ■
nest thoroughly with Instant Louse
Killer, we will positively guarantee
your brood to come off free from lice.

instant
Louse Killer

Is also equally effective In destroying lice
on stock and ticks on sheep, doing its work
quickly in every case. It also kills bugs on
cucumber, Bquash and melon vines, cab¬
bage worms, slugs on rose bushes, etc., be¬
sides being a powerful disinfectant and
deodorizer, thereby, destroying many
forms of disease. Instant Louse Killer is
the original powder Louse Killer, put up
In round cans with perforated top. Be sure
of the word ’•Instant" oi» the can— It has
twenty-five imitations,

1 lb. 25c. ( Except in Canada
„ ■< and extreme

3 IbS. 60c. ^ West and South
If your dealer cannot supply you, we
will forward 1 lb. by mall or express, pre¬
paid, for 85 cents.

8old on a Written Guarantee.

Manufactured by

DR. HESS & CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

LABEL1

Dana’s,

»M,vtum;EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

C. H. DANA, ?4 Main St., West Lebanon, N. O.

DOG POWERS

BEST, CHEAPEST.

HARDER MFG, CO.

Boi 11 Coblesk III IV.

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Has three times the separat¬
ing power of other makes.
Does not mix water and milk.

Beats Them All

because it gets more cream.
More butter. Greater profits.
Easier to clean and operate No
waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to¬
day. \\ e want good agents.

- KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR CO.
30 KaDcxx Bldg. ROCHESTER. II. t.

s

MAKE MORE MONEY FROM MILK

It costs money to produce milk. To get the best returns see
that your dairy products are of the highest quality. Pure milk
that stays sweet holds trade better than milk that smells or
tastes bad or sours quickly. Good flavored butter or cheese
brings the highest price. Milk buyers demand cooled and
aerated milk. To learn how to make the most money from
milk, write today for our free book. “Milk and Its Care.”

CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO., SQUIRES ST., CORTLAND, N. Y.

Use Champion Milk Cooler-Aerator.

AMERICAN
MANURE SPREADERS.

5 sizes, 9 styles. 50 to 150 bu. capacity.

Spread just as thick or thin as ground requires. Instant
change of Feed. Quick, automatic return of Bottom. Light
est Draft. Well made, strong, durable. Value, care
and use of Manure explained in catalogue. Ask for it

[I]

1589 HASTINGS ST.

| jimiiniDUiiimj

uiiiiiiaunij

jiiiiiiilllllMl

NEED A NEW ROOF?

x! or old or new buildings of any kind use

PAROID ROOFING

w,‘h quality and durability In It You'll be surprised at Its low cost and
longlife. Any one can apply it. Contains no tar. Slate color. Each roll contains
a complete rooting kit. Don’t take an imitation; get the genuine bend for

Free Sample and book on "Building Economy." Established In 1 8 1 7.

^^^^^.j^jOjj^EastJiyalpole, Mass,, or Monadnock Bldg.. Chicago.

326

April 15,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

TUE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Home*.

Established. 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

SSJK i *—>*“■

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 Mi marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement In this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

We have seen several letters from commission men
which read about as follows : “There is absolutely no
sale for cultivated ginseng root. Do not send us any
more !” The Chinese refuse to buy this cultivated
ginseng, and there is no use for it outside of the Chinese
trade. This is the end of the great boom in ginseng.
It comes earlier than we expected, yet we understand,
people are still investing their hard-earned money in
seeds and roots !

*

There are a number of people who persist in dis¬
counting whatever good impression they would like to
make in sending a letter or writing an article. They
take scraps of old paper, backs of letters or bills, with
a soft pencil, and frequently send the sheets without
even looking them over or arranging them. There is
little excuse for this when clean paper and ink are as
cheap as they are to-day. It will pay any farmer who
writes a dozen letters a year to have his name, the name
of his farm and his post office address neatly printed on
writing paper. This is one of the things that modern
business demands. It is not “putting on airs,” but
rather solid sense.

*

A brush heap or lot of dead grass along the fence or
back of the barn is almost as dangerous as a powder
mill during the dry windy days of Spring. Smokers or
boys who are fond of playing with matches are likely
to set such tinder patches on fire. We have noticed
several cases this Spring where buildings were in
danger, and in one instance fire in a strip of sod where
the grass was uncut last year would have destroyed
a number of buildings had it not been for the arrival
of neighbors who raced across the fields. A broom
with a pail of water to dip it in is the best weapon
to fight a fire running on the ground, but to prevent
the accumulation of such rubbish is better.

*

It might be considered a little discouraging to have
readers continue to ask if they should sow Crimson
clover in Spring, cow peas with oats or use wood ashes
with hen manure. These thines have been explained 50
times. Crimson clover is a cold weather plant. Cow
peas are as tender as beans, and must not be confused
with Canada field peas. Ashes contain lime which when
mixed with hen manure will set free the ammonia — just
what we do not want to do until the manure is worked
into the soil. We realize that many of these things do
not interest people until the necessity comes for putting
them into operation. It is also true that hundreds of
new readers are constantly appearing. So we always
tell the old stories cheerfully.

*

A few weeks ago we told what happened to a fruit
tree in California after a wandering “tree doctor” had
got done with it. He bored a hole into the tree, put in
a powder and plugged up the hole. The tree died ! It
seems that thousands of trees were abused in this way
last year in Michigan — at 50 cents a tree. We under¬
stand that not a single favorable report has been re¬
ceived! There is no State in the Union where the
experiment station and the horticultural societies are

quicker to expose a humbug. How then did this one
find a chance to draw blood money? If you will tell
us you will answer one of the greatest questions of the
day. The tribute paid to frauds that have been well
exposed would quickly pay the National debt. If the
grown-up people who throw their money away were
the only sufferers we would not care, but weaker and
helpless ones often pay the penalty.

*

The fence wire question is still full of barbs. Some
of the correspondence readers have had with manufac¬
turers is amusing and instructive. This is what a
Pennsylvania man says:

I wish to erect 60 to 80 rods of fence this Spring, and
have been .ooking about among suvertisers for a fence worth
putting up. Two samples have been received, one claiming
to l>e “galvanized,” the other “double galvanized,” which
upon analysis proved innocent of any galvanizing what¬
ever.

You see people have begun to investigate and test.
Next week we shall print the chemical test used by the
American Telephone & Telegraph Co. for wire. This
great company cannot afford to use untested wire. Why
should a farmer be expected to do so? Secretary Wil¬
son writes that his new wire bureau has been started,
but is not yet ready to report. The people will wait a
reasonable time, and then make things lively for the
bureau. Keep up the demand for better wire and use
the test on samples.

*

Among other strange things connected with the Post
Office Department the following is reported from Penn¬
sylvania :

As secretary of the Grange at this place I received at the
post office March 25, 40 large Government Yearbooks from
one of our Congressmen — over 150 pounds — some, a major¬
ity — 1899 and on up to 1903 — Post Master said he had
orders to weigh and report back to Washington I). C. Are
such sent out to make a heavy mail for railroads to get their
yearly carrying rates? Why were they sent now, six years
behind time? March 29 another bag of books — some 125
pounds, making 275 pounds in all. w. b. t.

Here is a case where the Congressman ought to ex¬
plain. Why did he wait four or five years before send¬
ing these books? Why does he send them all at one
time? We should write him and find out. The year
books are valuable publications, but they ought to be
sent on time. The railroads will get their share of mail
carrying — if they have to carry old clothes for Con¬
gressmen.

▼

This year will see an increased number of city fam¬
ilies making for the country to try to build a new home
on a farm. There is hard work ahead of them, though
Spring is the hopeful and happy season. For their
benefit we want to print the following note from one
who has been through the mill :

I could fill a book with errors committed in the past
four years, while our successes could probably lie Inscribed
on the back of a postal card. Still we are well and happy;
wouldn't go back to any period of our former Ilf j if we
could, and we do really seem to Ik1 gradually and surely
pulling out of a bad hole. I have oceans of sympathy for
the city man who wants to get out into God's country. I
realize something of how be feels, and I know something
of what he has got to “run up against" if he makes the
attempt, but if the man and his family are united it can lie
done, and successfully too, in nine cases out of ten.

When the man from the city is prompted to go and
tell his neighbors how slow they are and how he is
going to beat them at his own game he would well go
into the house and read this over — especially the state¬
ment of successes.

*

On page 198 Mr. Cosgrove told us that $30,000 worth
of western grain was bought last year in one single
town containing 300 voters ! This grain was fed to
cattle, sheep or poultry. That $30,000 will buy not far
from 1,400 tons of wheat bran or its equivalent. If of
average quality this would mean 03,000 pounds of nitro¬
gen, 40,000 pounds of potash and 77,000 pounds of phos¬
phoric acid brought from the West into this one Con¬
necticut township. It will require over 6,000 tons of
average stable manure to provide the nitrogen alone,
vv'hile no doubt some of this grain is fed at a loss the
eastern buyer probably makes a greater profit out of
feeding it than the western farmer does out of the
growing.

*

Every year the question comes up concerning trade
marks or “patents” for new varieties of fruits. Some
people on introducing a new variety, try to convey the
idea that they have a complete monopoly covering its
sale, as the patentee of a manufactured article has. This
claim will not hold water. The courts have decided that
a living thing, like a plant, which propagates and multi¬
plies without the aid of man, cannot be monopolized.
A man may discover some new principle governing a
watch spring or a steam engine, and secure a patent.
This gives him for a time a monopoly, and no one can
manufacture the article without paying a royalty. The
case would be different with a grapevine or a strawberry
plant. In that case no manufacturing on the part of

man is needed. Increase of the new variety is made by
natural processes, and when a man once buys the new
variety he may sell the increase if he cares to do so —
unless he has signed a contract not to do so. This often
means a hardship to the originator of a new variety,
but there seems to be no practical way of preventing
it. The introducer may keep control of his original
stock, and charge a high price for the first few genera¬
tions — giving a guarantee of purity. It is, however, im¬
possible to test any new variety without scattering it.
We regret that the introducer of a new grape has less
advantage in the market than the inventor of a new
mop-handle, but we must deal with the facts.

*

The plan of sending packages of “free seeds” back
to the Congressman who is responsible for them seems
to be popular. The trouble is that many people w'll
find the seeds too useful for chicken feed. The seeds¬
men of the country seem to feel that there is little use
trying to stop the distri’ ution. Mr. J. J. H. Gregory
is a philosopher. He says that farmers must accept the
fact of the seed distribution and attempt to make it
useful.

Let us not fight it down, but swing it into a distribution
of the really new and rare and stand by liberal appropria¬
tion for the discovering and distributing of them.

We have always considered this a sensible thing to
do, but will these “new and rare” varieties give the
Congressman what he thinks he gets out of it? In
some way his fingers must be pulled out of the pie !

*

There may be few seeds in the “Seedless” apple, but
the germs from which “big stories” grow are packed
close inside the skin. The daily papers now report that
King Edward of England has become an agent for the
sale of the trees! At least this is what is reported:

“Delicious. The best apple I ever tasted.” In this lan¬
guage King Edward of England, by cable, sounded the
praise of the Colorado seedless apple. Incidentally he is¬
sued an order that the delicacy he served at court dinners
whenever such apples can lie had. Four fine specimens
of the fruit were sent last week to London. One was sent
to the King and the others were sold at auction for charitv,
bringing 60 shillings each, or at the rate of $3,000 a
bushel, the highest price ever paid for apples.

This prompts one of our readers to send us the fol¬
lowing note :

You must have tasted the wrong apple, or King Edward
is a poor judge. You and King ldward should have a
meeting and appoint a third party to decide this.

Any time King Edward will express a desire for such
a meeting we will be on hand with a few samples of
really good fruit. We said some time ago that if the
King will only use his influence to make apple eating
popular he will be of great service to apple growers.
We don’t care whether he begins on a “seedless” or a
Ben Davis, for he will never eat either one the second
time after he gets a taste of really good fruit. We
feel that we have done our duty as regards this “seed¬
less” apple. No reader of the The R. N.-Y. can have
any excuses for buying the tree and then saying “I
didn’t know !” About next year some of the other
agricultural papers will begin to talk about the fruit —
after their readers have paid out good money for it.

BREVITIES .

Spring comes on with a rush !

To control others — -first control yourself.

Don’t let the fires go out too early. Summer isn’t here
yet

IIow many readers had trouble in selling rhubarb forced
in the dark?

You are more likely to get a thing done by a man who is
full of business than one who has “nothing to do”! Why?

What good can it do a farmer to know about bacteria?
They control most of his farm operations. Shall he under¬
stand them, or be obliged to take the word of some one
else?

“A thorough job at spraying" — line up 10 men and
they will "ive you 10 different opinions as to what is
“good enough.”

If after what has been said about it, any man now “booms”
the seedless apple and advises its planting you have a right
to hear the jingle around his motives.

In soaking grain to destroy smut remember that the
germs of u.sease are inside the chaff scales. Therefore a
thorough soaking or wetting is needed.

During 1904 there were 8.022 inmates of New York state
prisons while 101,554 persons were admitted to county jails.
Among the latter were seven helpless infants.

If a man advertised water glass at 15 cents a pound, and
another offered the same thing as “Wonderful Egg Pre¬
server” at one dollar, which do you think would get rich
first?

Will somebody tell us why “success’ with most men seems
to induce them to trample more and more over the rights of
others? Is the brand of “success” the wrong one? Looks
like it!

“Alfalfa meal" is the dried stems and leaves of Alfalfa
ground to fine meal. It is about equal to wheat bran in
feeding value and sells at a good figue. Feed the hay to
cows and see them grind it into a square meal.

The South is a cotton and hog c untry. and if cotton¬
seed meal could be used in place of corn to produce pork
it would be a great gain to the section. Experiments
in Arkansas show that the cotton seed meal can be fed in
small quantities with corn but not safely alone.

J903.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

327

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC — A true bill was voted by the Federal Grand
Jury at Chicago M'arch 28 against the president of one of
the “Big Five" packing companies. It was not returned in
court This is a forerunner of conspiracy proceedings against
actual heads of the big packing companies in connection with
the alleged tampering with the Beef Trust witnesses. The
true bill was not returned at the same time the indictment
against Thomas J. Connors was, because the jury had been
advised that such an act might arouse the public to the
belief that the packers were being persecuted, and the Con¬
nors bill was sufficient, to show that the Grand Jury was
in earnest. Alfred It. Urion, general counsel for Armour &
Co., and attorney for Thomas J. Connors, general superin¬
tendent of the company, who was indicted by the Federal
Grand Jury for alleged tampering with witnesses in the
beef inquiry, served notice on District Attorney Morrison
April 1 that, he will present a motion in the United States
District Court that Connors be arraigned and allowed to
plead to the indictment and that the case l>e set down for
trial at the present term of court. Federal officials are
inclined to the opinion that this is a move to force the Gov¬
ernment to reveal something of its plans in relation to the
Grand Jury's investigation of the packing house methods.

. . . A gas explosion in Leiter’s mine at Ziegler, 111.,

April 3, destroyed the shaft and entombed 43 men, all being
killed. Afterdamp, due to an explosion of blasting powder,
set off by persons as yet unknown, was the cause, according to
the verdict of a coroner’s jury, as returned April 3. Coroner J.
M. Adams, of Franklin County, impanelled a jury to investi¬
gate the deaths of the miners the next day after the explo¬
sion. After two days’ inquiry the verdict, declares that the mine
was in safe condition for working purposes as far as gas
was concerned on April 3. Fire started in the un¬

finished part of the New York Subway at l(58th Street March
29, and burned for 24 hours. One fireman was killed by a
cave-in, and the completion of the Subway at that point,
which is 110 feet, underground will be delayed six months.

Fire at Elmira Reformatory, Elmira, N. Y., March
29, totally destroyed the tailor shop, storehouse, laundry,
bathroom, No. 1 engine room, shoe shop, book bindery, up¬
holstery, blacksmith shop, photograph gallery and broom
shop, and entailed a loss to the amount of about 8190,000.

. . . Typhoid fever is now epidemic in Philadelphia.
Since the beginning of March 1.054 cases have been reported,
with a total of 91 deaths. In February there were 600
cases. The last week in March showed a falling off ot
seventy-five cases, the total being 231 new cases, as com¬
pared with 306 returned the week before. There was an
increase of more than 100 per cent, of deaths from the
fever, however, 32 dying, as compared with 15 for the week
before. The fever is worst in the. northeast section of the
city, which is getting filtered water. Strangely enough, the
fever is less prevalent in the wards receiving unfiltered
Schuylkill. . . . Following the discovery of an entry

on the books of the Storey Cotton Company which showed he
had received $1,100 from that concern, George C. Holden, an
Inspector attached to the Philadelphia division of the postal
Inspection service, and specially detailed to investigate get-
rleh-quick companies suspected of fraudulent use of the
mails, resigned. While making an inspection of the ac¬
count book of the Storey Cotton Company Receiver Brad¬
ley and Assistant United States District Attorneys Stewart
and Swartley came across this entry : “April 20, 1902,
George Holden, $1,100.” Inspector Holden, who was pres¬
ent when the discovery was made, did not deny that he re¬
ceive the money. lie said that it had been given to him
by Storey merely as a loan and that he realized it looked
bad and' so returned it a few days later. Entries were
also found In the books of payments to Assistant Attorney-
General Barrett of the Post Office Department at the time
frauds were uncovered at Washington several years ago.
Barrett, is said to have acted as an intermediary for the
Storey Cotton Company, causing the authorities to over¬
look requests for fraud orders for a long time. Holden
savs that he realized the light in which he was placed, but,
thinking more of the Department than himself, he went to
Washington, and, after telling Chief Inspector Vickery
all that had happened, tendered his resignation. Now he
declares that he is sorry he did this, as be think it places
him in the position of retiring under fire. The resignation
has not vet been accepted. . . . The city of Chicago
April 5 filed suit for $40,000 against the Standard Oil
Company. The bill is based on the alleged non-payment of
inspection fees by the Standard Oil Company. It is charged
that the Company has for years refused to pay for inspec¬
tions made by the city under an ordinance regulating com¬
merce in naphtha and gasoline. Representatives of the

Standard Oil Company hold that gasoline and naphtha are
not products of petroleum and that, the ordinance does not
apply. . . . April 4 Judge E. F. Dunne, the Democratic

candidate was elected Mayor of Chicago, on the platform
of immediate municipal ownership of all public utilities.
. . . April 5 the N. Y. Assembly passed the bills fixing a

tax of $2 on every transfer of 100 shares of stock, and five
mills on all new mortgages.

HAY NOTES.

Ilay raised in this vicinity ia generally used at home or
in the small surrounding towns. This is a consuming point,
and hay is brought into this market in large quantities from
western points. Stocks in dealers' hands here are light, and
in regard to the outlook for the coming hay crop it is, of
course, too soon to make a prediction on that point.

Pittsburg, l*a. kiel & thorne.

Our opinion is that stock in our locality at the present
time is as large as, if not larger than, it has been at tho
corresponding time other years, but it consists mostly of
poor grades, and we do not. think this stock will have any
bearing on the price of the coming crop. We can say
nothing in reference to the outlook of the coming crop.

Philadelphia, Pa. l. f. miller & sons.

I should say there was from 35 to 40 per cent of the hay
in the hands of shippers and farmers. I do not believe that
much of this hay will be carried over, but I am sure that
the moving of tliis percentage of hay within the next three
or four months will undoubtedly cause somewhat lower
prices. The entire new crop of hay and wheat is looking
exceptionally well, and there will be a big crop if nothing
occurs in the meantime to damage these growing crops.

Bellevue, Ohio. irvin t. fangboner.

In regard to the stock of hay on the tracks and in the
houses at the present time, there is about half what, there
was last year at this time. We have it reported from the
country that about one-third of the hay remains in the
farmers' hands. The prices are so low here that we think
there will be quite a little carried over. It takes a nice car
of hay to bring $16 at the present time here. Stock hay will
not bring over $12 or $13, and it has to be good to bring
this price. tucker, sanborn & co.

Boston, M’ass.

There seems to be considerable more hay in farmers’ hands
than there has been for the last five years. Farmers have
not been free sellers of this product so far, and my pressers
report considerable good hay held back. Perhaps a large
percentage of good hav is still in their hands. This hay
will come forward after April 1. I see no inducement for
the farmer to carrv it over for another year. We have had
heavy snows all Winter and grass and grain have been well
rotected, so we should naturally expect good crop the com-
ug year. w. a. vanderveer.

Port Ewen, N. Y'.

The stock of hay is very light in Michigan. Our crop was
not a heavy one, and although there has not been much hay
shipped out of Michigan this season, we do not think there
Is any more in reserve than usual at this time of the year.
It has been a long hard Winter and the farmers have used
more fodder than usual. We see in many sections that the
farmers are having hay from each other, many of them hav¬
ing their supply nearly exhausted. We do not think there
will Ik* anv considerable amount of hay carried over in Mich¬
igan, and ‘it is our opinion that the farmers will begin to
clean up as soon as they get through with their urgent
Spring work. It Is too early yet. to say anything about the
new crop. ferrin brothers company.

Detroit, Mich.

There is a very large quantity of hay in the hands of pro¬
ducers and dealers in this State. We believe that, fully one-
third of the hav harvested last year has not been marketed.
There is not a shipping point in the State but what ha's
large quantities of hay to offer at this time. With good
prospects of an earlv Spring values of hay will be decidedly
lower within the next few weeks. We have predicted all
Winter that the prices prevailing during the month of May
will be lower than anv we have experienced during the move¬
ment of this crop. The same state of affairs as shown above
exists in many sections In the State of Indiana. There is
very little hav carried from one season to the other in this
State, as most of the producers use their full storage capac-,
itv each season. The farmers are realizing a uniform price
of about. $8.50 per ton for their best grade of Timothy hay
In their barns at the present time. h. m. Strauss & CO.

Cleveland, Ohio.

The amount, of local hay left in this part of the country
is somewhat larger than is usual at this season of the year.

Our local farmers had a very large crop of hay for this
State, and while they have been selling freely, the severe
character of the Winter has retarded the movement. More
hay will be carried over into June than is usual. Regard¬
ing the amount of baled hay that is lu dealers’ hands at the
disposition of the retail trade, we are inclined to think there
is just about, the average amount, but. there appears to be a
very much larger amount of hay pressing for shipment from
the shipping stations in the various States that have a
surplus crop of hay. The reports so far available from the
State of New York and other sections that ship a consid¬
erable amount of Timothy hay seem to indicate a large crop
of hay for the coming year, so far as indications are of any
value* at the present time. a. b. m'crillis & co.

Providence, R. I.

We have made as careful a canvas of the situation so far
as it governs Michigan, and taking 1903 as an average, we
estimate that there is not to exceed 15 per cent of the
amount available for shipment, in the entire State of Mich¬
igan that there was available April 1. 1904. We should esti¬
mate that 90 per cent of this surplus is Timothy hay, and
that 75 per cent of it is No. 1 Timothy. Local consumption
will use all the feeding hay there is left. It is too early
to consider the coming crop with any degree of certainty.
The Winter has been favorable to meadows, and acreage is
about an average. We consider the prospects for the wheat
crop the best we have had in five years. Thefe was an un¬
usual amount of Fall plowing done in our State, and there
will be a full acreage of oats. Seeding has already com¬
menced In some sections, and altogether the situation is very
favorable for full crops. J. a. heath.

Lenox, Mich.

r,

BUSINESS BITS.

Page Fence Age for March shows a photograph of a Page
Fence on the farm of Austin Fitts, Rollin, Mich., erected in
1885. The fence appears in perfect condition, and will no
doubt do service for many years to come. This is certainly
a remarkable record, and speaks well for the durability of
the Page products.

The Field Force Pump Co., Elmira, N. Y., publish a
large and exceedingly complete catalogue of spray pumps,
machines and fittings, as well as of well and force pumps.
Readers needing anything in the way of pump or spraying
outfits cannot do better than to procure a copy of the
catalogue, which is mailed free on application.

E. B. Sherwood, of Newtown, has bought three extra fine
IIolstein-Friesian cows from the Star Farm of Horace Bron¬
son, Cortland, N. Y. They were crated and shipped by
express. Mr. Bronson has one of the finest stock farms in
the United States, he has 250 dairy cows on hand at all
times and two of the choicest bulls in the world.

We have sometimes been asked for the name of a New
York house making a specialty of selling by mail from cata¬
logue. White, Van Glahn & Co., Chatham Square, New York
City, the oldest mail order house in America, is making
some exceptionally low price offers in this number. These
are samples of the prices on over 20,000 articles In “Buyers’
Guide.” Look up the announcement elsewhere in this Issue
and send for catalogue.

The Cash Supply & Mfg. Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., has just
sent us a copy of their new Vehicle and Harness Catalogue,
No B-l, just from the press. They show something like
200 different kinds of Vehicles, and the illustrations and
descriptions are very full and complete; in fact, they claim
it is the largest and most complete line ever sold by any one
house. Whoever writes for Vehicle Catalogue will also
receive a copy of their big general Catalogue, No. C-86.
This general catalogue illustrates, describes, and prices most
everything used hy farmers, stockmen, poultrymen, besides
a large line of household articles, specialties, etc. Address
the Company at No. 435 Lawrence Square, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Expert knowledge and ability are of little avail toward
making the great forces of nature yield their increase, with¬
out the use of farm machinery. In this, as in other kinds
of machinery, the march of progress and of invention has
been rapid, but in the forefront for fifty years the famous
“Buckeye" line has been found. This machinery is manu¬
factured by I*. P. Mast & Co., of Springfield, Ohio, and they
are justly proud of the records made by it. All over the
world the name “Buckeye” stands for honesty, efficiency
and economy. The manufacturers will be glad to send you
a catalogue of any machinery in which you may be Inter¬
ested They are calling particular attention to their match¬
less line of grain drills, seeders, sowers, riding and walking
cultivators and cider mills, described in detail in their cata¬
logue 9. A postal card will bring it.

If You
Want a

FENCE

That is Horse High, Bull Strong,
Pig and Chicken tight
That is made from the best High
Carbon Steel Wire
That is heavily Galvanized to pre¬
vent rust or corrosion
That is Coiled to provide for con¬
traction and expansion
That you can buy direct from us
at Wholesale Prices with

Freight Prepaid

To Your Station

That you can examine and order
returned if displeased
That you can erect and use for 30
days and return at our freight
expense if unsatisfactory and
get your money, write forour
New Catalogue telling how Wire
is made, how it is Galvanized
and why some Wire is good
and some is bad. It is FREE.
Write for it to-day. Address,

KITSELMAN BROTHERS,

Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

BROWm

hr ir PAYS THE
l y-LfRE/GHT-in

Write for Fence Book showing no styles

THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland, Ohio

[Union Lock

Poult
fencing

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can't slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want It, 1 to 7 ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

We sell direct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Pricos.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main St., Colchester, Conn.

Nine Tools in One

1 Wire Stretfjher, 2 Wire Cutters,

3 Staple Pullers, 2 Hammers,

I Wire Splicer.

BLACK BULL

the handiest tool ever made for
the man on the farm. Pays for Itself in one month.
SEE WHAT THIS MAN SAYS:

Dear Sir: Joplin, Mo.

I think your Black Bull combination tool is the great
est all around farm and fence tool I have ever used.

J. D. MORRISON.

Ask your hardware dealer to show you Black Bull
tool. If your dealer doesn’t carry the Black Bull, we
will send It post paid to any address on receipt of
91.26. Address

UTICA DROP FORGE & TOOL CO.,

81 CENESEE ST., UTICA, N. Y.

0 a ft .00 For A

IOmachine

That will weave fence at
cost of wire only. Saves
money. $25 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel Wire
for 100 rods of fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CARTER WIRE FENCE
MACHINE CO.

Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
• at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; stroDg
an (^durable.

Vmte for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &
MFG. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

An Elastic Fence

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence— Not a Netting

STK ENf'i T li —Cables 'of6 t\vo0steel wires twisted together and single wire. pickets swurely fastened where
thev cross bv the patented "Union Lock.” We make our own wire, galvanize it heavily and w eave into fence.
ECONOM Y Top rail and bottom boards aro unnecessary, and half the number of posts used for netting
are sufficient. Union Lock Fence 60 in. high, successfully meets all requirements I lie mesh is 14x3 in.
at the bottom and gradually increases to 4 x 3 at the top. This prevents the escape of chickens large or small.
UTILITY— Union Lock Fence may he stretched tight without buckling or sagging and conforms to the ine¬
qualities of the ground without cutting. May safely be used as light stock fence. , ,

DURABILITY— Testimony of those who have used Union Lock fence proves that it will last longer and

better than any other fence or netting. _

The lengthwise coll in our spring
steel horizontals makes Pagp
Fence elastic. It gives under
pressure and springs back to
place when tho pressure is re¬
moved. Even trees falling across

_ or teams running into It do not

Injure It. It stretches up smoothly over hills, never
sags, and can be taken down and restretched any
number of times. Write for catalogue.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. Box 746. AdrUn, Mich.

OUR NEW SYSTEM

unsolicited testimonial

* » * The secret of our success 1« kind treatment and the use of « particular style

of Woven Wire Fencing known as "Union Lock Poultry Fence.” » * * with our soft,
sandy Boll wc were troubled by the Leghorns scratching underneath the fence, so we
conceived the Idea of setting It in the ground, and it proved a happy thought aa our
troubles ended there. We have taken particular note that the fence underground
Is In perfect condition although t has been In that position several years. * » ♦

Name on application

Of unitlDg two heavy hard spring wires at crossings
In a cheap and suDstantlal manner, enables us to
supply the best fence made. Our 1905 Catalogue
will tell you nil about It.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland, Ohio

We will send free, upon request, the new edition of onr booklet D,
“A Short Story for Poultry Raisers" containing chapters ,011 The Profit
of Poultry Raising, The most Popular Y aneties ot Fowl, b eeding, Hatch¬
ing and Raising of Chickens, Housing, Fencing— written by recognized
authorities; instructive, valuable, and interesting.

UNION FENCE COMPANY

Mills at New Haven, Ct.,DeKalb, IBs., Oakland, Cal. 114 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY.

Tbi8 Trade-Mark In Colors ap¬
pears on every roll.

> *

\

6‘

rcNCc

r /

r

' ■ -

6'

S

rr' -

■

k-

—

U -

— -^.^1

_

r— —

—

-

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the field. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp rnake^ a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No>twlsted, strained wires or
weak uprights. ^Easily stretched. Cheapest
beer use it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

328

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 15,

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day. books have been translated into all Eu-

„ , ropean languages, and some of them even

We don't bave time to watch the apple blos¬
soms blow,

Because, forsooth, the house needs cleaning
so ;

Then, having missed the blossoms, do not see
the budding fruit

Because it's time to see about a new Spring
suit.

And if to hear the robin’s note, or oriole's,
we wait,

An ogre from behind pipes up : “Late for a
Winter hat, too late."

If we but ope the window to gaze toward
vernal skies,

It's time to put the screens in, to keep out
the flies ;

And even when the organ man comes down
our street to play,

The sound of l>eating carpets drowns out
his tuneful lay;

Though long for him we’ve waited, through
Winter’s frost and rime,

We only catch a broken strain of “The Good
Old Summer Time.”

Warm zephyrs whisper, “Moth balls” ; our
hearts fill with regret

As we give up hunting Mayflowers to sprinkle
camphoret.

— Katherine P. Fuller in Good Housekeeping.

•

According to the demonstrators at the
recent dressmakers’ convention here, the
comfortable straight front corset is now
entirely out of date, and modern woman
must approximate an hour-glass in form,
even if she sacrifices a diaphragm to do
it. The new curved front, however, is
quite different from the old; it is straight
below the waist, but curves above, and is
much higher, doing away with the low
bust and loose waist line of a few years
ago. The curved effect above the waist
is increased by padding in the front of the
dress.

*

In the new Spring millinery some de¬
cidedly novel shapes are displayed, most
unfamiliar to our eyes being yery small
round hats, which are perched on the hair
at a decided slant, like the little pancake
hat of the hoopskirt period. While brown
is much in evidence, blue is a favorite
color, produced in a variety of tones.
Velasquez is a favorite gray-blue ; Saxon
and Sevres are light blues. American
Beauty shades running into purplish wine
colors make some handsome hats/ but
how “trying” they are to most complex¬
ions! Chartreuse is the name given to a
series of wine greens. Banane is a fav¬
orite yellow, that combines well with va¬
rious browns and bronze greens.

*

The new raincoats may be described as
rain or shine coats, for they are worn
largely as regular wraps. They are so
well made and trimmed that their use¬
fulness is at once apparent, and it is not
surprising to learn that some factories
for the making of mackintosh cloth have
now gone out of business, because they
cannot compete with modern rainproof
cloth. A collarless redingote of tan, olive
or Oxford worsted, with pleated blouse
and full sleeves, costs $15; black or
brown serge with in isible plaid, costs
the same, being double-breasted, with
wide box pleat in the back, belt and wide
sleeves. At $20 are handsome coats of
herringbone worsted, double-breasted,
with two adjustable capes. Beautiful
French waterproof automobile coats of
silk and rubber cost $35 to $65.

*

The death of Jules Verne, who passed
away at Amiens, France, March 24, re¬
moves a great romancer who lived to see
many of his wildest fancies outdone by
the facts of modern science. He was born
at Nantes in 1828, and for more than 40
years has been thrilling boyish readers
with his stories of scientific adventure.
Not boyish readers only, for many a
mature woman will look back to the
time when, seated on a leafy branch in
some quiet home acre, she roamed under
the seas with Captain Nemo, or visited
the moon with Hector Servadac. For
40 years Jules Verne worked under con¬
tract, turning out two stories a year.
Thomrh he never received the coveted
honors of the Academie Francaise, he has
amused and instructed the boys of the
whole world, and was beloved and hon¬
ored by the kindly citizens of Amiens. His

into Persian and Japanese.

The Rural Patterns.

Under waists made firm and durable
and to which other garments can be at¬
tached, are much sought for by mothers
of active little folk. The model illustrated
can be used for little petticoats as well as
for the drawers. The material from which
the model is made is white drilling for the

4977 Child's Under Waist and Drawers,
2 to 8 3 ears.

waist, cambric for the drawers, the trim¬
ming being embroidered frills. The waist
is made with front and backs and the
V-shaped under-facing, which extends un¬
der the arms and renders it strong and
durable. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size (6 years) is
y& yard 27 inches wide for under waist,
and yard 35 inches wide for drawers,
with y/2 yards of edging for frills. The
pattern 4977 is cut in sizes for children
of 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. Price 10 cents.

No dress suits small children better
than this simple one that hangs in straight,
unbroken lines from the shoulders. In the
case of the model it is made of white Per¬
sian lawn trimmed with embroidery, and
is slightly low at the neck, with elbow
sleeves, but the yoke and collar can be
added, and the sleeves made to extend

4981 Child’s Bishop Dress,

1, 2, 4 and 6 years.

to the wrists, as shown in the small view,
whenever preferred. The dress is made
with the skirt portion and the yoke, which
is cut with front and backs, and the full
sleeves. The sleeves are joined to the
dress at the upper edge and are gathered
with it, then attached to the yoke, and are
gathered into straight cuffs at their lower
edges. The quantity of material required
for the medium size (4 years) is 3J4 yards
27, 3 yards 32 or 2 yards 44 inches wide,
with yards 18 inches wide for yoke and
collar and 3^ yards of banding to trim
as illustrated. The pattern 4981 is cut in
sizes for children of 1, 2, 4 and 6 years of
age. Price, 10 cents.

Those Bothersome Buttons.

If one has many buttons to sew on, the
easiest and quickest way is to take the
largest needle admissible and thread it
with several strands of thread at once.

The holes can then be filled with very few
stitches. In sewing large-eyed buttons on
shirtwaists, for instance, the coarse and
strong mercerized cotton will make a per¬
manent fastening with only two or three
stitches. Non-washablc buttons may b
used on washable waists very easily by
simply putting the pin of a small safety
pin through the eyes and fastening it un¬
der the pleat, or by using double thread
as above and just tying it underneath.
Either way makes the removal and replac¬
ing of the buttons a matter of a few sec¬
onds only.

One of my pet economies is saving but*
tons, and if “a penny saved is two pen¬
nies earned,” then my button box has
earned many a dollar since its establish¬
ment as a sewing room fixture. There is
no faneywork about it — simply a shallow
wooden box from the grocery, with rows
and rows of little white bags in it. A
small salt bag stitched and cut across the
middle, makes two. The tops are gath¬
ered with coarse thread, a button is
caught on the outside to show contents
and prevent a time-wasting hunt through
many bags, and there you are. Every old
garment yields its quota, and it is sel¬
dom indeed that we have to buy, for the
accumulation of 20 years’ housekeeping
nearly always reveals “just the thing” for
the new garment. One row of bags in
this invaluable box holds snaps and hooks
and eyes. _ fuller.

The Bookshelf.

The Potato, by Samuel Frazer; 200
pages, illustrated. The Orange Judd Co.,
New York. This is a well-written manual
for the potato grower, and a convenient
reference book for the agricultural stu¬
dent. The history, botany and culture of
this important vegetable is very carefully
treated. Price 75 cents from this office.

The Journal of Agricultural Science.
— This is a new publication issued by the
University Press, Cambridge, England.
The intention is to make it a channel for
the publication and discussion of scientific
papers bearing upon agriculture. The
journal will be issued in parts of about
100 pages, royal octavo; each volume will
consist of four parts. The first part con¬
tains a most interesting account of the
first attempt to use nitrogen derived from
the air in the form of an artificial manure,
this material being called calcium cyana-
mide; there are also valuable papers on
wheat breeding, hop pollination, etc. The
journal is distributed in this country by
the Macmillan Company, New York; sin¬
gle copies, $1.50; subscription, $4.50.

AT WHOLESALE PRICES

Oven Thermometer Attachment To introduce our well-

known line every¬
where, we will sell our

Gold Coin
Ranges

or Heating
Stoves at
the whole¬
sale price,
securely
c r a t ed,
freight
prepaid,
higl ly pol¬
ished, reudy to
put in your
home, and sent
On Trial.

_ This Is the first
PATENT proposition of

STELLIF0RM GRATE made
handy, easy, saves fuel ™

Stove. Write for our Free Illustrated Catalog No. 3.
THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO,, Troy, N. Y.
(Successor to Bussey & McLeod).

cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards.
P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y

Surpass all other preparations In allavipg
Hoarseness and Irritation of the Throat. As
a cough remedy they are unequalled.

Avoid

Imitations.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 14.

No good
grocer sells a
lamp-chim¬
ney without
Macbeth on it

You need to know how to manage your
lamps to have comfort with them at small cost.
Better read my Index ; I send it free

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

NQRTH'SOUTH-EAOTWEST

you wibw riN»

waterproof"

OILER CLOTH INC
EVERYWHERE.

The best materials, skilled workmen and
jixtyoevcn years experience hove mode
TOWER'5 flickers. Coabond Hob
famouj the world over They are mode in
black or yellow for all kinds of wet work,
and eveir garment bearing the 5 1 G N OF
THE FIOH ij guaranteed to give sat¬
isfaction. All reliable dealers jell them
A. J. TOWER C0..B05T0N.MA55..U.5.A.
TOWER CANADIAN CO..Umited.TOROHIO. CAN.

PAPFR

YOUR

OWN

WALLS

IWow is TBl© Time ]

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you
see our offer. Gilts, Km bossed, Silks, and Ingrains at 5 to I
12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you f»0 p.c. ; we defy comp*- I
tttion. Write for our free book ol samples with complete I
instructions for hauKlni? your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALK PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS A SPECIALTY
WE GUARANTEE OUR MAKE

SEND POSTAL FOR PRICES.

STANDARD TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO.,

350 JefTergon St., Milwaukee, Wls.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR 'A

FARMERS' LINES

so pimple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

7K Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U, S, A.

.

PISOS CURE FOR

:

N>|

h

i %

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

u

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

oi

V

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

(M

CAB

•%

»

CONSUMPTION

•

■

“TELEPHONE SSg

a book of meaty telephone information giving just
what the farmer wants to know about ’phones A
“straight from the shoulder’’ talk. A book that
will Dost you how to buy right. Sent free if you
ask for book F1U2 Address nearest office.

Stromborg-CorUon Tol. Co., Rochotitr, N. Y., Chicago, III.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

329

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

“In sugar camps, when south and warm,

The winds of March are blowing,

And sweetly from its thawing veins

The maple’s blood is flowing.”

March is over, and we are still at the
sugar camp. It was a pleasant sound one
morning lately to hear the boys as they
came scampering in, throwing their school
bags at the root of a tree. “O, Aunt
Charity, we’ve got a holiday — teacher has
toothache, and gone home.” It was the
middle of the forenoon ; we were having
a big run of sap that day, and T suggested
that they might as well help father and
the hired boy, who were busy gathering
sap in the woods. So when they came
down to empty it into the puncheons, the
boys started off on the return trip. My
occupation has been tending to the fire and
the pans — for boiling syrup is great stuff
to get on the outside, and you have to be
quick and careful. When we started to
get ready, our tools were dim with dis¬
use, having been in the attic for years,
and there was a good deal of dirty work
scouring the pails, cleaning the sap spouts
to my satisfaction. Brother had some
new pails made and covers for the old
ones, so as to keep out leaves and dirt,
and got some new up-to-date spouts, for
he said that rusty ones were apt to cause
the bark of the tree to decay. When we
came to the first suggestion of Spring in
the air, he thought it was time to tap,
and we started off to Price’s Corners, tak¬
ing our lunch, some soda crackers and a
bottle of milk. There was an old shanty
on the land, but it was full of frozen water-
and Brother had dug little drains around
it and made a fire the day before. I
helped to tap the trees around the shanty;
it was easy work boring a hole to the
depth of three inches or less, for the best
sap is nearest the bark, but the tiresome
part was walking in the snow from one
tree to another.

By the third day the shanty was com¬
fortable and I was busy inside, so was
glad that day, later on, when the boys came
in. They were fresh at the work, and
really helpful, so 1 let them stay late and
have a little “sugaring off,” outside the
cabin door, in the big pot. Before they
left the moon came up and while they
played around, my thoughts went back to
other years, when I was one of gay sugar-
ing-off parties. There was always moon¬
light to go home by, and — but I turned
my back on the moon’s rays, and went
into the cabin to see that everything was
secure before we started for home. It has
been amusing to see the difference in those
boys, even in a sugar bush, both in the
way of helping and eating. Cleveland got
his share into his mouth before the day
was over, and was fitful in sap carrying,
for he stopped to talk and hinder the
boy. Grant stuck at the work, and offered
me a share of his taffy and soft sugar,
while Sherman rolled his up to take away
with him, and every now and then through
the day might be found sitting on a log,
reading a paper he had in his pocket, while
the sap cans were running over not far off.
For they did run over that day, and one
or two neighbor men came along and
helped secure the sap, and Brother was the
spendthrift then. He gave them crackers
and half-boiled sap, poured sap into a
saucepan and boiled eggs in it for them,
and at night came to me and said, “We
must give them some syrup to take home,
Charity.”

“Why?” I asked, impatiently, and he
laughed and got it for them. Now, I do
not feel miserly, but it didn’t seem right
that I was slaving out there and their
wives to get that syrup. One of the men
said my dress was sensible for my work,
and I snapped out that “I wasn’t there
to be a fashion plate.” For it seemed as
if he was making fun of me. I wore a
very short grev skirt, a dark red knitted
jersey, a soft woolen cap of grey yarn,
and a big blue denim apron, while my
boots were calfskin, long at the ankles.
We keep the sap boiled up right after
gathering, but it was hard work that day.
Sap that waits long for the fire never
makes high-grade sugar, just as long boil¬
ing injures its color and flavor. It has
required all Brother’s experience to make
it a success. The tiresome part for me
was skimming the pans continually to get
off the “sugar sand” and dirt. Tt bubbles
up and foams so suddenly, and with such
persistence, that the bottle of milk has to
be kept where it can be reached without
delay, for a little of that, poured into the
pan will quell it for a time. I smiled
when putting it in after reading in The

R. N.-Y. of the “mil^ of human kindness,”
but it did not help me to “quit thinking.”

Mine is not an exceptional case, and
in this climate with the present conditions
we all must take “thought for to-morrow.”
If Brother didn’t, we should have to burn
green wood next Winter. r>nd it isn’t very
encouraging for the cook stove. And I
hope that I have not “passed on” so many
complaints that it hides the bright side of
my life. My good and bad deeds must be
left for others to weigh in their balance.
Just now I am too busy for much “think¬
ing.” and as it is Saturday, the boys arc
helpin". while Mintv has come over
through the soft ' slush, bringing two of
her town friends, who ask such foolish
questions that it seems incredible anyone
with books and illustrations in this age
could be so ignorant of the processes of
Nature.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

This morning Brother said we would
close the camp if the thaw kept on, and
that we had made $93 altogether, out of
which the boy who helped was to be paid.
He thought it a good return, and gave
me the credit of being quite a help and
worth half the profit as my share. There
are 365 good trees 30 years old, and a
few that had room to grow are giants.
The sap shows rather cloudy now, and
leaf buds are swelling, which makes the
work harder, as pans and pails have to
be more carefully cleansed to keep the
syrup clear. When we first came here
there were only pussy willows as a sug¬
gestion of Spring, but now there are
patches of Hepaticas in sunny spots where
the snow has melted, and soon we shall be
looking for bloodroot. I hope this moncy-
getfing will not make me mercenary, and
I didn’t begrudge the neighbors the syrup
they took home, only I argued this way:
When Brother goes to help any of them
at hog-killing time, they do not give him
a piece of the animal to take home with
him. So if the possession of a little over
$40 has made me mean, I shall have to
abide by it, for these things will come into
one’s mind. Perhaps T realize values all
the more for being so long deprived of any
source of revenue, and I think it has given
me a better understanding of the feelings
of others, who have not had the oppor¬
tunities that have been mine of late.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

The Girl on the Farm.

The R. N.-Y. is an old friend of mine.
As “Moore’s Rural New Yorker,” on my
grandfather’s table, it contained a few
things suitable for my childish taste, but
later it was full of good things. The
Carman household — the busy mother, the
school children and Alice Brown — were
my much loved friends. And I have not
forgotten the Charity Sweetheart of “ye
olden time.” She had then a very sensi¬
ble, matter-of-fact way of commenting
upon the affairs of her everyday life, but
unhappily wrote of the dark side then, as
now. Since she knows something of the
loneliness and deprivations of country life,
and their cravings for something different,
perhaps she can give some hints that
would help me and other mothers of girls.
Let Charity remember what she lacked,
what would have been most appreciated,
most helpful, most pleasant to her in her
girlhood days. For many years we have
been reading “how to keep boys on the
farm,” but the question of keeping the
girls is just as serious, in these latter days,
when the city is calling for stenographers,
bookkeepers, store, factory and shop girls.
Shall we encourage our daughters to take
business courses? If the “Madame” at
Flope Farm had big girls, what would she

Top Buggy $36.

A remai kably low price for a buggy so good that
the Cash Supply &Mfg. Co., a concern which stands
foremost for keeping promises, absolutely guaran-
tees it. Indeed we offer this ext-aoidiuary buggy
atthis extraordinary price as a quick way of con¬
vincing the buying public of the exceptional quality
of our goods and the extremely low prices at wmch
we sell. We feel sure that you will be so woll pleased
with the buggy that you will be glad 10 recommend
us to your neighbors. The result will be that the
buggy will be worth many dollars to us as an
advertisement. That is one reason why we can
afford to sell it so cheap.

Special Features

56-1 nch 1otik bo<ly,
wrought Bteel Hally
body hangers, heavy
iron strips on bot¬
tom boards, 36-1 noli
long springs, best
quality.

A LEADER OF LEADERS

This great buggy offer No. 13-E. will never
come within your reach again. No other firm
could ever make you such an offer, but, selling
direct from factory to you, wo have an advantage
which means a saving of practically one- half in the
price of all vehicles and the saving on this special
offer is even greater than that. An accurate though
condensed description of this buggy No. 13-E, follows:
wheels, selected hickory. Satven patent % or 1 in.
tread, round edge steel tire, screwed rims and bolted
between each spoke. Extra strong body, hardwood
frame, 55 in. long, 22 or 24 Inches wide, put together
to stay. Finely proportioned top, either 3 or 4 bow,
made of good heavy rubber or leather quarters and
back stays, with either straight or curved joints.
Axles are long distance, bell collar, dust proor, with
felt pad and receptacle for surplus oil. Scat is 17 by
29 Inches over top of cushion, with 21 inch full panel
back. Upholstering of best construction, with Staples
and Hanford cushion springs. No. 1 leather dash,
full length tapestry carpet and side panel carpets
Fine grade of green or blue cloth or whipcord trim¬
mings. Best selected shafts with wrought steel
braces and 4-inch genuine leather extra quality shaft
straps. If you want pole instead of shafts, add $ 1.50.
For both pole and shafts, $1.90. Painting strictly
first-class, with good paint an i varnish; body black,
gear very dark green or red, nicely striped. Kegular
4 ft. 8 In. or 5 ft. 2 in. track.

Price at. factory, with 3 or 4 how Rubber

Top and Shafts . . $3(5.00

Price at faetory, with 3 or 4 how lea¬
ther Quarter Top . 39.00

7-K in. rubber tires, high quality, extra, 13. 20
1 in. rubber tires, high quality, extra.... 15.(50
This Is the buggy bargain of a lifetime, a buggy
which we guarantee to give absolute satisfaction for
just about one half what It would cost you any whero
else. Packed In crate only 30 In. high, safe delivery
guaranteed, freight charges to points as far east as
Kochester, N. Y., or Pittsburg, Pa., less than $3.50. and
to any place In Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware or New
Jersey freight charges less than $4.75.

Don’t let this bargain slip by yon. Send
us$5 with yourorder, just as evidence of good faith
and we will ship subject to thoiough inspection. If
the buggy Is not satisfactory do not accept it. wo will
refund your $5 and pay the freight both ways. Write
to-day for our handsome, new Spring vehicle and
harness catalogue, showing all the latest styles In best
quail y at lowest prices. Address Cash Supply <&
Mfg.Co.,435 Lawrence Sq., Kalamazoo, Mich.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everblooming Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

do with them ?

F. M. C.

JOS H. BL ACK, SON <& CO., Hightslown, N.J.

PureWhheIead

If you could cover your
house with a sheet of me¬
tallic lead, you would feel
well insured against decay.
The next best thing is to
paint it with PURE White
Lead with pure linseed oil
to make it adhere. It’s the
cheapest and best house-
paint to be had.

Dont pay White Lead prices for rock-
dust and other worthless pigments. Our
booklet, "What Paint and Why,n tells
how to buy PURE White Lead. Sent
free from the nearest office.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead 6c Oil Co., Pittsburg
John Cewis 8c Bros. Co., Philadelphia

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build ai,i. Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don’t teak.
CALDW ELL 1 OW E RS don’t f Ml
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask fur prices, erected ready for
use.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

%?WE WANT AGENTS

in every town to ride and sell our bicycles.
Good pay. Finest guaranteed 1005 MODELS,
with Puncture- Proof ^ f Z’) ^ Qyf

tires.Coaster- Brakes ^ *

1003 & 1004 Model* & 7 (lO

of Best Makes .

500 Second-Hand Wheel*

All makes & Mod- ,n (O

els good as new V w V u

CLEARING SALE at half cost.

Wc SHIP ON APPROVAL and

TEN DAYS TRIAL to anyone

without a cent deposit. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.

TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept w so CHICAGO

Instead of 4%

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Hanking Department.

MONKY now drawing 4 p. c.

can bo pafely reinvested
through tli Is Company at b p. c.
— increasing the income 25 per
cent. Conservative investors
will appreciate a plan affording
all the security and profit with¬
out the Annoyance of individual
mortgage loans.

Description of methods, names
of many patrons, an d all desired
information on request.

Assets, . $1, 700,000
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savino8 A LoanCo-
1134 Broadway, New York.

Plant Boxes

Zinc coated for raising all kinds
of plants in and transplanting to the
Held witli all the roots and soil. No
set back, regardless of the weather.

The same boxes can be used for
years. Tomatoes three weeks earlier by New methods.
How we grow !H>0 baskets Tomatoes to the acre, and for¬
ward Lima Beans, Melons.ete.. in very short time, and how
we make clothl ransparent for fratnes.all told in book that
*s Free to all who write to L. G. TUTTLE, Wallingford, Conn.

New Steel Roofing and Siding $2.00 per 100 Sq. Ft.

eonomieal covering for Rooting, Siding or Celling for Kesldeneeii, Houses,

sler -- ‘

Painted red on both sides. Most durable and , _

Burns, Sheds, Elevators, Stores, Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Easier to lay
and will last longer than any other covering. Cheaper than shingles or slate. No experience
necessary. A hammer or hatchet the only tools needed. It is seml-hardened high grade steel.
*2.00 Is our price for the Hat. Corrugated as shown In cut, or “V” crimped or standing seam
costs *2.10 per 100 square feet.. We offer Pressed Itrlek Siding and Beaded Celling or
Siding at 1*2,25 per 100 Squurc Feet. Thousands of buildings throughout the world
are covered with this steel rooting and siding, making their buildings

FIRE, WATER AMD LIGHTNING PROOF.

Send In vour order for as many squares as you may need to cover your new or old
building. Time will prove Its enduring qualities. Withstands the elements, best of all
roofings. At prices noted In this advertisement,

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for
prices for shipment to such points. Ask for further particulars. Immediate shipment
tf you mnll ii* your order at once. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Our Special Catalogue
No. K- 57 tells all about this roofing. It also quotes low prices on Building Muteriul. Wire, Pipe, Plumb¬
ing, Hush. Doors, Furniture, Household Goods, Down Spouting, Eave Trough and thousands of other

Items bought by us at Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

i-f . • 1 j.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.. 35TH AND IRON STS., CHICAGO.

RITII n f ID your Health and

DUILjLJ %jr Strength with

^ JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invig'orator
for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

33o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 15,

M A R K E T S

Prices current during the week ending
April 8, 1905. Wholesale except as noted.
GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red .

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.

Corn, mixed .

Oats, mixed .

Barley .

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel....

Common to good .

@1.11
@1.14%
(<1 50

@ 36
@ 44%

.2.65

@3.05
(a 2.90
#2.25
@2.15
@1.75
(a 1.70
ffl 2.80

@:

(a)

M'edium, choice . 2.20

Common to good . 2.00

I’ea, choice . —

Common to good . 1.60

Red kidney, choice . 2.75

White kiney, choice . —

Black turtle soup, choice . —

Yellow eye, choice . 2.10

FEED.

Ton to car lots.

Spring bran . 20.00 @22.00

Middlings . 22.00 @24.00

Hominy chop . 21.00 #22.00

Gluten . 26.00 @28.00

IIAY AND STRAW.

3.10
8.25
@2.15

Hay, prime .

. .

@

80

No. 1 .

. 75

@

77%

No. 2 .

. 70

(ft)

75

No. 3 .

#

65

Clover mixed .

. 65

@

70

Clover .

. 60

«

—

Straw, long rye .

. SO

@

90

24

21

27

24

@

@

#

@

@

@

(a

@

@

#

@

@

14

30

GRASS SEEDS.

Prices at New York for first quality in
bushel or 100 II). lots.

Timothy, Du. 45 lbs . — @ 2.90

Red top, 100 lbs . — @14.00

Blue grass, 100 lbs . — @12.00

Awnless Brorae, 100 IDs . — @15.00

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — #17.00

Medium Red clover. 100 lbs... — (if 17.00

Crimson clover, 100 IDs . — @ 8.50

MILK.

New York Exchange price three cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone, $1.51 per 40-
quart can gross.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 28

Firsts . 26

Seconds . 23

Thirds . 20

Held, extras .

Held, firsts .

Held, seconds .

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.

Tubs, firsts .

Fresh, lower grades . —

Western imitation creamery,

extras . —

Firsts' . 21

Seconds . —

Western factory, fresh, extras. —

Firsts . 20 %@

Seconds . 19 @

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . — @

White, good to choice . 18% @

Fresh gathered, extra mixed — @

Fresh gathered, firsts . — #

Western, fresh gathered . 17 @

Kentucky, fresh gathered . 16% @

Tennessee and other Southern 16 @

West’n, fresh gathered, dirties

Checked eggs .

Duck eggs, Baltimore, doz....

Western and Kentucky .

Va., N. C. and Tenn . —

Far Southern . 27

Goose eggs, dozen . 65

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Spitzenburg, cold stg. .2.00
Spitzenburg. com. storage. .. 1 .50

Spy, cold storage . 2.00

Ben Davis, cold storage . 1.50

Ben Davis, com. storage. ... 1 .25

Baldwin, cold storage . 1.50

Baldwin, com. storage . 1.00

Greening, cold storage . 1.50

Greening, com. storage . 1.00

Russet . 1-50

Cranberries, choice to fancy,

barrel . 4.50

Strawberries, Fla., open crates 15

Florida, refrigerator chests. 15 @ 30

Charleston, refrigerator elits — @40

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Beet tops, bushel-box . 50

Cucumbers, No. 1, dozen . 1.25

Iyettuce, dozen . 50

Mushrooms, lb . 30

Mint, dozen bunches . 30

Parsley, 100 small bunches... .2.00

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

Rhubarb, lb . 5

Tomatoes, lb . 10

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, fancy veals, lb . 9%@

Fa i r to good . 8 % @

Heavy calves, coarse . 7 @

Barnyards . 5 #

Hothouse lambs, head . 3.00 @i

Hogs, Jersey, light, lb . 7%@

Medium . 7 @

Heavy . -r,%@

Roughs . 4 @

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . '5.00

Bulls . 3.50

Cows . . . • 1 -50

Calves, venl . . • .4.00

Barnyards . 3.00

Sheep . 4.50

1 5 % @
'#
@
@
@
@
#

28%

27%

25
22
27

26

23

26

20

24
22
20
22
21
20

20

19

18%

17%

18

17%

17

16%

15

32

31

30

29

75

@3.00
#2.00
(a 3.00
<3 2.50
@2.00
@2.00

# 1.50
@3.00
@1.50
@2.00

@6.50

# 30

@ 75
@1.50
#1.25
@ 60
@ 60
@3.00
<0 8.50
# 9

@ 30

10

9

8

6

.00

8

7%

6

4%

Lambs . 5 50

Hogs . 5.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, State and West'n.

180 lbs . 1.00

@6.10
(a 4.50

@4.50
# 7.50
@3.50
@6.00
(n 8.50
(a 6.00

Maine. 168-lb. bag. . .
L. I., in bulk. 180 lbs.

1.00
. 1.7:

Jersey, In bulk. 180 lbs . 1.00

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl . 5 00

Bermuda, No. 2 . 4.00

Havana, No. T . 4.50

Havana, No. 2 . 3.00

S'n, second crop. No. 1. bbl. .3.00

S'n, second crop. No. 2 . 1.50

Sweet potatoes. Jersey, bbl.. ..2. 50

Southern, bbl . 1.50

Asparagus. Cli'n Colossal, doz.. 7. 00
Charleston, extra ......... 4.00

Charleston, prime . 3.00

Charleston, culls . 2.00

California, white . 4.00

California, green, fancy . 8.00

California, green, prime. ... 5.00

Artichokes. Calif., dozen . 75

Brussels sprouts, quart...... 10

Beets, old, bbl . 1.00

New Orleans, 100 bunches .. 2.00

Florida, 100 bunches . 2.00

Florida, bbl. -crate . 1.00

@1.25
@1.25
@2.00
#1.25
@7.00
(a 5.00
@5.00
@4.00
#4.00
@2.50
@4.50
@2.50
@7.50
#5.00
@3.50
@2.50
@5.50
@9.00
@6.00
@1.00
@ 20
@1.25
@ —
@3.00
@2.00

Florida, bushel-crate . 75 @1.25

Carrots, nearby, bbl . 75 @1.25

New Orleans, 100 bunches. . 2.00 #3.00

Cabbage, Dan. seed, red, ton.. 20.00 @30.00

Danish seed, white . 10.00 @14.00

Domestic seed . 6.00 @9.00

Florida, barrel-crate . 1.00 @2.00

Lettuce, good to fey, %-bbl bkt.3.00 @4.00

Florida, poor to fair . 1.50 @2.50

North Carolina . 1.00 @2.50

Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches. . 1.00 @2.00

Onions, Conn, and E'n, yellow,

barrel . 2.50 @3.50

Conn, and E'n, red . 2.25 @3.25

Orange Co., N. Y., red, bag. .1.50 @2.75

State and West'n, yellow,

150 lbs . 2.00 @3.25

State and W'n, yellow, d. h.

barrel . 2.25 @2.50

State and W'n, white, bu. -crate 50 #2.00

State and W'n, red, 150 lbs. 2.00 @3.00

State and W'n. red, d. h. bbl. 2.00 @2.50

Oyster plants, 100 bunches. . . .2.00 @4.00

Parsnips, bbl . ~.1.00 @1.25

Peppers, Fla., 24-qt. carrier. .. 1.25 #2.25

Peas, Fla., 3-pk. basket . 1.00 @3.00

Parsley, N. O., 100 bunches. .. 1 .00 @2.00

Radishes, N. O., 100 . 2.00 @3.00

String beans. Fla., 3-pk. crate. 1.00 @2.50

Spinach, Norfolk, bbl . 75 #1.00

Squash, marrow, bbl . 1.25 @1.50

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 50 @ 90

Tomatoes, Fla.. 24-qt. carrier.. 2.00 @4.50

Watercress, 100 bunches . 2.00 @2.50

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Sin¬
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Nitrate of soda . — #49.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit, 12 per cent potash. . . — @12.00

Dried blood . — @45.00

Peruvian guano . — @37.00_

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2%
Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 6%

Sons of Queen's Czar

No. 55573, A. J. C. C.

(Winner of 21 first prizes, including sweepstakes at
New York State Fair.) I have for sale two fancy
solid colored Bull Calves, over three months old, sure
winners in calf class next fall. Also two of recent
birth. All from first-class registered cows. They

will go cheap to a quick buyer. _

Laurel Farm. J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.

Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for

0. Ii C. all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y.

Oldest Commission

Kst.1838. Butter, cheese,
eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

Lambs

Dressed Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products, Fancy
Eggs, Fruits, Vegetables. Write us what you have
to offer. Top Prices for Choice Products.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York

GEO. P. HAMMOND. HST. 1876. PRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO..

Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds ok"
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Bpeolalty. •Consignments solicited
34 A 36 Little lath St.. New York.

MACHINERY

CIDE

Best and cheapest.
Send for catalogue.

I00MER & BOSCHERT
. PRESS CO.,

118 We»t Witw St.,
SYRACUSE, K. Y.

Potextoev

. M 1

B. C. Brown Co.,

6 rows at a time, any
wi .tk, with

Rmuin’c traction
DlOWn S COMPRESSED
AIR SPRAYER.

Constant pressure up to 150 lbs.
Power costs nothing. 100 gal¬
lon cypress tank, all brass

al’erfectlj adapted also to or-
work. Wear© the largest man*
ufacturers of ftpray pumps In the
world, hand and power, including the
famous “Auto-Spray.”

Bend far Catalogue.

268 State St„ Wocho.ter. N.Y.

R

URAL MAIL BOXES-'

There are 250 (?) ‘'licensed” styles and ours the
only one made of heavy steel plate throughout.
Top, bottom, sides, ends, hinges and hasp, all
put together with no exposed seams, and then
thoroughly galvanized. Weighs 15 pounds and is just
the thing to replace a box that failed. We want agents
on old route* to look after such business. We also
make ten and five pound boxes of special merit.

- ADDRESS -

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Mich.

CHICKS THAT LIVE

get strong and healthy — gain
steadily in weight, are chickn_
hatched in Reliable Incubators.

The Reliable

provides automntioally a constant
current of odorless, warm air nt a -

uniform temperature— chicks pip, hatch and thrive up.
der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and get
our 20th annual catalog— full of poultry Information.
Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co., BoxB-IOTiQuinei, IIL

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORSAND BROODERS

acknowledged by experts to be the
moBt profitable machines made.
Winners of 385 First Frizes. Write
for free catalog with proof and val¬
uable information for beginners.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
Box 406, Homer City, Pa.

IS? ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low

in price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTa MFC. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FraaCataloc

PRICE EXPLAINED

- AT FROM -

$3.00 TO $5.00

Bicycles similar te the
bicycle hereon have been
widely advertised by
- OTHER HOUSES -

HOW BICYCLES CAN BE
OFFERED AT THESE
PRICES and why we can
sell the highest grade new
ISOS Model blcyclee in

gents’, ladles’ and children’s slaps, at much lower prices than any other house Is nil
explained In our new, big, free Special Bicycle Cetefegue. Cut this advertisement nut
and send to us and you will receive by return mall, free, postpaid, our new Special
Bicycle Catalogue, fully describing our complete line of new I SOB gents', ladles' and
children's bicycles, all shown In large, handsome halftone Illustrations; everything
In bicycle sundries and supplies at the lowest prices ever known. Tires, coaster
brakes, saddles, pedals, etc., at Isas than ONE-HALF THE PRICES usually asked.

WITH THE BIG FREE CATALOGUE

and marvelous proposition. Why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will
be fully explained. Our system of shipping the day we receive your order and our low freight and express rato
will bo explained. You will get our free trial offer, safe and prompt delivery guarantee, our binding guar¬
antee. OUR LATEST PROPOSITION. Everything will go to you by return mall, free, postpaid.

- MAKE $100.00 IN 60 DAYS SELLING OUR BICYCLES. -

This can be easily done In any locality by merely devoting part of your spare time. The b'cycle offer we will
send you Is really an astonishingly liberal one. Don’t fall to cut thla advertisement out and send to us, or on a
postal card sav. “Send me your new blcvcle offer.” and get everything that we will send you free by mall.

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold In every country In the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any Ignorant boy or woman.
8o well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still In active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

36 Warren St., New York. 2S9 Franklin fit., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., 8ydney, N. 8. W.

Tenlente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Go., box is Anderson, Ind,

MAPS, Reports. Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

ATT E N T I ON“SoiL“, S2

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. HRRZ, Genl. Mgr., 99 Montgomery St.,Jer«ey City, N. J.

5'fARMS, SIOO

WEST EGG HARBOR , N. J.

$5 DOWN $5 MONTHLY

RICH, LOAMY SOIL, free from rocks and
stones: especially adapted for truck, vegetables,
fancy-priced strawberries and other early fruits,
poultry and squab-raising. Almost perfect cli¬
mate — no severe heat nor cold. Plowing generally
begins in February. Level country— high, dry,
healthy. No swamps, no malaria. Pure water,
pine air, ocean breezes.

LOCATED on two railroads— main lines of the
Pennsylvania and Reading, between Philadelphia
and Atlantic City. Only 17 miles from Atlantic
City — the greatest seashore resort in the world
and a high-priced market all year round. Other
good markets near by. Within gunshot of Egg
Harbor City, with good schools, churches, stores,
bank, newspapers.

TITLE INSURED and guaranteed free and
clear. Immediate possession. If you wish, we'll
build you a house and take payment monthly,
like rent.

FIVE ACRES, $100— and thousands of men in
this part of South Jersey make handsome in¬
comes from those five-acre plots. Garden plots,
containing one acre, $35. And the terms are very
easy— onlv $5 down and $5 monthly.

AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT this is
unequaled. Buy the land, even if you don’t want
to live on it, and hold it for the rapid increase
in value which has already begun.

MAP AND BOOKLET sent free. Write to-day
DOBBS & FRAZIER,

620 Bailey Building, Pliila., Penna.

tells howto makemoney

— How to raise young chicks
for early springmarkets when
prices are high. Howto make
a profit on ducks. >How to
feed for heavy fowls. How
to make hens lay. Why not
get an adequate return from
poultry? Whynottry modern
methods this year?

Wliy not learn atxnit Incuba¬
tors and brooders from a firm
who have been in business since
1867, and who know how to make
satisfactory machines? Write us
for the book today. It is free.

GEO. ERTEL CO.,
Quincy, Ill.

s I O-80 For
I 200 Egg
, INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultry men's guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 600 illustrations. Describes

thesdt*rncj Cyphers Incubators

f»rlce|6. 60 and up, and 40 Poultrjmen’B necessities. Free
f you send addressee of two neighbor* interested in good
poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas
City or Ban Francisco.

OOsiHATCH GUARANTEED

30 DAYS’ TRIAL To prove it.
ISO <;4.50 100 4-8.50 200 <M 3.75

Kgg“4>5.00 EkKT9.50 'Egg 4> I 5.00
I Self regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,
all sizes and kinds, S3 up. 50,000 in use. Send 3c. for catalog.

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 23, Springfield, O.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N.Y.

50 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman Delmar, Del.

PAR CA| P Chestnut Ridge Dairy Farm. Good
rviv oavul, Holdings, Basement Barn. 1200 Sugar
Maples, equipped. Good Dairy. 165 Acres on main
road. $40.00 per acre. One-third down. Bal. to suit.
Charles N. Crosby, Jefferson. O.

VIRGINIA FARMS

COST $10 PER. ACRE
Income $30 por Acre

Vikoinia. Land Is doing thl« for Its farmers every year, and
we prove It to you by Hlgned statements. Long Summer*,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eastern
markets at lowest rates Best church, school and social ad van
tages. For list offarins, excursion rates and what others hare
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAT7ME, Agr. and Ind. Agt.
Motfolk and Western Ry., B«xl7 Boanoke, Va.

FOR SALE

Address, W.
Virginia.

M.

A Good Farm of 191 acres near
Dansville, Livingston Co. N. Y.
McNAIR, Herndon, Fairfax Co.

FOK SALE _ A special bargain. 820 acres with

horses and farming Implements, 6.500 fruit trees,
fine land, 100 acres In wood and timber, valued at
$2,500 Price $27 an acre. Terms easy If sold In 10
days. J. It McGONIGAL & SON, Dover, Del.

FOPL SALS

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash, A. W. GRAHAM. Castile, N. Y.

PinilC For rich fanning and frnlt growing.
I" A If HI O Write J. D. S. HANSON, Hart, Mtoh.

200 FARMS— The best bargains selected from over
3,000 listed with us for sale in Maine, Vermont, Mas¬
sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Delaware and
Maryland, are described in " Strout’s Spring List;"
5>:to 1.000 acres. $500 to $20,000; on easy terms. Cuts
show buildings on 80 of them. Some have stock,
tools and household furniture included. Mailed
FREE; write to-day. E. A. STROUT. Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau st., New York City, or Tremont
Temple, Boston.

Connecticut Farms Nearly Abandoned

Farm of 125 acres, 1J4 miles from Andover Depot on
main line of R. K. House 9 rooms In good condition.
Barn 30 x 36 with basement In fair condition. 60 acres
of the land Is tillable. Plenty of wood and apple
trees. Farm has kept 36 to 40 head of stock. Price
only $700. Send 5 cents In stamps for list of 100 farms.
GEORGE H. CARRIER

66 State Street,

Hartford, Conn.

I have buyers for country \
property

If you want
to sell for
cash, or
exchange,
send de¬
scription and
pri< e, and
will tell you
whether I can
make a deal for you

Property for
eale and exchange
everywhere and anywhere

F H RRflWN 2123 Madison Ave.,
Li Ui DnUfflij Newport News*Va!

1903.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

33 1

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

We feel a little pride in our subscrip¬
tion records for the month of March.
We thought we had a good March record
last year. We knew the increase for
December and January this year was sat¬
isfactory. February was not so good ;
but the increase for March was just
149 per cent, gain over the same month
last year. That is, for every two sub¬
scribers received during March last year,
we received five this year for the same
month — 2V2 for 1. It is the best record
we have ever made for one month.

By the way, if you have not yet re¬
ceived the new poultry book, “The Busi¬
ness Hen,” you should not delay another
minute. You ought to have the book
for immediate use. Here is what one
reader says of it :

Business Hen” is O. K., and a really
valuable work. Its practical information
coming from the sources it does, is of
great value to poultry keepers.”

Kinderhook, N. Y. e. van alstyne.

It will be worth a dollar to you in the
poultry yard. Send your renewal to-day
and the book will be on its way to you
the next day.

The statement of our reasons for re¬
fusing the advertising of a Philadelphia
real estate agent, in our issue of March
18, has brought us many letters from ap¬
preciative readers. During the last 25
years we have exposed a great many
frauds and humbugs, high and low,
but we never expressed a criticism
of any concern that seemed to find an
echo in so many farmers’ hearts as the
statement in regard to this real estate
agent. We, of course, have not said that
this is either a fraud or a Humbug. We
don’t know that it is, and consequently
could not and would not say so. 1 he
agent has a good rating, and is said to be
responsible. We stated our reasons
fully, for refusing his advertising. Here
is a letter from a Maryland subscriber:

I was very glad to see the article in your
last issue exposing the methods of a certain
Philadelphia real estate agent, and I for one
appreciate your fidelity to your subscribers in
refusing to run the advertising of such peo¬
ple. I had an experience with this party
two years ago, when I paid him a $15 retain¬
er to' list a farm for me, with the understand¬
ing that this amount and more if necessary,
was to be spent in advertising my place, and
1 was to receive copies of the papers con¬
taining my ad. After several requests, he
finally sent me some papers containing a
small' one line advertisement, and I figured
that bis whole expenditure in the matter was
about $1.50. I finally took the property out
of his hands and sold it myself. I think lie
makes a great deal more money out of re¬
tainers that he does out of sales, w. 11.

A Wisconsin subscriber writes as fol¬
lows :

Allow me to congratulate you upon your
courage concerning publication of your arti¬
cle regarding the Philadelphia agent. He
worked me for $50, and has not written to
persons whom I suggested might lie interested
in the sale of one of my farms. He said the
fee was to cover cost of advertising the farm,
but up to date, I have seen no advertis-
ment in any of the magazines or periodicals.

1 have a notion to sue him, as it might
help or rather prevent others from being
worked. J- H*

A Vermont farmer contributes the fol¬
lowing :

I was very much pleased to read in last
week’s paper about the Philadelphia real
estate agent There are several in this sec¬
tion who know it, to the tune of $15 to $25
for what lie could do for them if they would
only place in his hands their property to sell,
'but I never heard of his making a sale for
anyone. I hope lie will come in contact with
something that will scatter him as the Japs
have the Russians. a* L- a*

This is from a New York State man:

In your issue of March 18. you evident¬
ly refer to Mr. - of Philadelphia, Pa.

I filled out a blank in his ad. in a magazine
last June, receiving answer that he felt sure
he could make a sale, and particularly desired
to handle it in connection with some property
in adjoining county, etc., retaining fee, $20,
which letter was followed by a similar tele¬
gram to one published. I bit, and of course,
nothing followed, except to my inquiries, an¬
swers that he was doing all possible, through
700 sub-agents, etc., etc. Now, do you not
think that it is near enough to “using the
mails to defraud" to put the matter into the
hands of the Post Office Department at
Washington for investigation with a view to
protect others? He still advertises extensive¬
ly, and a telegram which intimates that
a sale is in prospect when no customer is
in sight is at least a lie. c. a. p.

It will be noted that all these men put
up money for the advance fee, and no
sales were made. Here is a character¬
istic note from an enthusiastic Pennsyl¬
vania friend who does not seem to have
put up any money, but who seems to
have a genuine relish for the salt in the
Publisher’s Desk box :

Publisher’s Desk column O. K. Three
cheers for John and Collingwood and the
whole outfit. Subscription <0 It. N.-Y. is
worth $5, but keep on charging me the old
price. c. n. R.

Many of those who wrote 11s say they
received telegrams worded exactly like the
one published. Some paid the advance
fee; others did not. Some paid with the
understanding that they were to have ad¬
vertising, but none seems to have re¬

ceived any of his particular property,
except the one man who found one line
one time. We have not heard from any¬
one who succeeded in making a sale
through this agenev. It would be inter¬
esting to know if lie has really made any
sales of property. We would be glad to
publish them. Some of the letters inti¬
mate that he makes no effort to sell, de¬
pending entirely upon the advance fee
for his profits. This we do not state as
a fact. We do not know that it is so.
It would seem that his facilities are good
for making sales. We don't see how he
could fail to do so with anything like
an honest effort, because of his exten¬
sive advertising. But does he make
sales? That is one of the questions peo¬
ple want to know.

Co-operative Farming. — Referring to arti¬
cle on co-operating farming, page 123, I be'
lieve it to l>e not only possible, but profitable
if reasonably well managed. I would like to
test it, and if three or four young men want
to enter the test and will write me we will
see if we can agree on particulars of test.

liasco, Ill. „ L. s. c.

Florida is not the only place that poor
New York apples are shipped to. We get a
great many here in Illinois this Winter, some
of them picked apparently only half grown
small, very sour, tough, green ; never will he
fit to eat. Well-ripened Illinois Ben Davis
are far ahead of them, Greenings are the
poorest. H. w.

Clinton, Illinois.

Bickmore’s Gacur.

is guaranteed.or
Money Refund-
ed, to cure Col¬
lar or Saddle
Gulls on horses
under the har¬
ness while the
horse is worked.
Equally sure for
all cases of
Chaps, Bruises,
Cuts, Mud

,, Konld, Scratches,

_ _ HORSE’, Rope'sur i!ete!

Theabove trade mark is a guarantee to the public of
strength, purity sad genuineness. Beware of imi¬
tations. Substitutes yield the dealer more profit, but
cost you the same. Sample by mail 10 cents. It’s
onougl, to cure one horse. Best thing known for
Chapped and Cracked Cow’s Teats. Write to-day.

BICXMORE Gill CURE CO.. BaxS19, Old Ton. lit.

AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

This shows

our - - -

attached to horizont-.l spray pump. It can > however,
be attached to any make, either horizontal *
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

t> II IWswrz-v VV DSixrltu lttf/tti M" V.

Tkt Olds Partible Cn(,M

OLDS ENGINES

Take Your Power to
Your Work

Insending out their last specifications for '
gasoline engines for West Point, the U S.

War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal-.” They excel all
others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile ) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either I
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.,

N. Y. Agents, K. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N- Y .

f9 MADE HIS PIG WEIGH 587 LBS. S

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis, Minn. BOAZ, ALABAMA.

Gentlemen:— I mail you today under separate cover a photograph of my pig which is just
one year old. I fed this pig your “International Stock Food” every day. Ho weighed 587 lbs.
and this proves the great merit of “3 Feeds for One Cent.”

Yours very truly, J. H. SNEAD.

We n.T. Thon.ancl. of Similar Te.tlmoalaU. We Will Pay Too $1000 If They Are Not the True Experience ef Practical Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imitation, and
Substitute.. Uo You De.lro Any Further Information abont “Int.rnational Stock Food,” otc., or Want a Copy of Our Finely Illn.trated Stock Hook Containing 1S» Engravings
from Life that Co.t llo $8000 Cash and Which Contain, an Extra Finely Illustrated Veterinary Department. Kjjf-lf Your Letter Roquets It The Stock Book Will Bo flailed Free

$360 ki PROFIT

IN FEEDING

ONE TON

Largest Stock Food Factory In the World.
Covers Over a City Block.

Capital Paid In $2,000,000.00.
This Engraving Shows Our flew
Minneapolis Factory.

Contains 18 Acres of Floor Spaee.
Also Large Faetory at Toronto, Canada,
Containing 60,000 Feet of Spast.

We positively guarantee that one ton of “International Stock Food” will make you $360.00 net profit, over
its cost, in causing your brood sows to raise mpre and better pigs, in extra quick growth of pour
pigs until ready 'for market or for quick fattening of slioats or old hogs. 100 lbs.

will make you $18 00 net profit over its cost “International Slock Food” purifies the blood, tones
up and permanently strengthens the entire system, cures and prevents many forms of
disease and is a remarkable aid to digestion and assimilation. It is equally good for Horses,
Colts. Cows. Fattening Cattle, Calves, Sheep, Lambs, Hogs and Pigs, Our One Hundred
Thousand Dealers sell it on a “spot cash guarantee" to refund you your money if it ever fails.

TEST IT FOR YOUR BROOD SOWS a£d PIGS THIS SEASON

DAN PATCH 1:56

IN 6 COLORS

MAILED FREE

We have a Beautiful Colored Lithograph of the world famous Dan Patch, which is printed in six brilliant colors.
It was made from a photograph and is as natural as life. This large lithograph is free from advertising and is one of
the finest horse pictures ever made. Its size is 24 inches by 34 inches. Every farmer or stockman should have a
picture of Dan Patch, the Fastest Harness Horse the world has ever seen.

MAILED FREE,

Postage

Prepaid

IF YOU ANSWER

1st

2d

_ _ yo' _

Name paper in which you raw ihifl offer*

Address at once.... INTERNATIONAL STOCKFOOD CO., Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.

332

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 15, 1005.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At W IIOL.ES A 1. 15 PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially F.ndorsed by the
Orange. I.ow price3 will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W, 1NGERS0LL, 24 6 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, SpiceH, Extracts and Baking
Powder, Beautiful PresentB and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention addresB Mr. J. J. D

I

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2H9, 31-33 VeaeySt. .New York

A Strong Head of ?ming Water

is indispensable on 1
The NIAGARA II YOU
ENGINE CO.’S Autoui!

will give you a City WateH
your farm, in your bouse, f>.
water to any height, in any 4
tity. W ITU O U T COST t
the FIRST COST which is
KI VAC EXPENSE and less
a windmill or gas engine. •
no fuel, requires no attend
no cost for repairs. Write 0 „

DAY for Free Booklet and w
moniais from Farmers, Kuio and Governments.
Niagara Hydraulic Kii|u,'^.lo.I Chester, Pa.

Department “K,” 140 Nassau’Yjtreet, New Y’ork.

Lasts longer and cleans better

Pratts Harness Soap.

Made hv Pratt Food Co. , Phila. Over 30 years old.

20th Century Wagon Box

you expect

Model Mfji.

T AA Stock Rack and Hay
, , ladders. Made Befter than
Thoroughly h-' ted, not nailed. Write

Co., Box 219 Mancie, Indiana.

ROOFING

Its cost is so little — its use¬
fulness is to long— every farm
building and warehouse ought
to be under AMATITE.

It is such a good roof much
can be said about it. We
prefer to send you a Free
Sample, however, and you
can judge for yourself.

IV rite to-day.

BARRETT MANIITACTIIRING CO.

New York Chicago
Allegheny Kansas City
Cleveland St. Louis

Minneapolis

Philadelphia
New Orleans |
Cincinnati

To Introduce

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A simple, compact, easily handled tool-
plants corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
beet, turnip or onion seed, with or without
fertilizer, in hill or drill.

Hot a Hex Planter, but New h Some People.

In sections where Ths Former's Friend is not used
we will sell a few machines direct to users et
wholesale prices. Write at once. The No. i Tiger
Planter, a real two row plnntor— not two single
planters In one frsme. The most up- to date planter
made. >Full information and prices sent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

DoLiOACH JPA.T

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine,
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 1J. 1’. and up. Shingle
Planing, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hay |
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,

DcLoach M 111 Mf g. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-^

AW MILL

S

5ave $30

In the ordinary way of buying \ VKJ \\Z from a dealer this buggy

would cost, with his com- „,jHSjon added, from $16

to $30 more than if bought from our factory. We are actual manufacturers and
sell by mail direct to the customer, saving all middlemen or dealers’ profits to the
buyer. In every case we guarantee satisfaction or refund purchase price, and
pay freight both ways. Write for free illustrated catalogue.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO., Columbus, Ohio.

PLANT CORN

Peas, Beans, Beets,

Buckwheat, etc.

Plant
and Feb
tilize
at
same
time.

“KING CORN FIELD”

marks out rows and plants In drills or hills 4K ,9, 12,
18, 24, 36 or 72 Inches apart. Corn and any other seed
atsame time. Distributes all commercial fertilizers,
wet, dry, lumpy, etc., 25 to 700 lbs. per acre. A great
labor and time saver. Built to last. Full guarantee.
Agents wanted. Send /or Catalog.

Belcber & Taylor A. T. Co.,

Box 76 Chicopee Falls, Mass,

CRE OF CORN

ig.” its wonderful possibilities practical-
dii

“Corn Is Kln_

I ly developeilin the newest and latest Silage work;

j “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.”

• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-
I struction and the process of filling, to which is added
■ complete and reliable information regarding Silage and

I its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations,
being a Feeders' and Dairymens’ Guide,
j I— Advantages of the Silo. IV— How to Make Silage.

I II— Building the Silo. Y — Feeding Silage,

j III— Silage Crops. Yl— A Feeder’s Guide,

I 212 pages of plain, practical Information for
• practical men. Contains just the things
J you have wanted to know and could not find eluo-
I whore. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10

Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid
cents, stamps or coin.

THE SILVER MFG. CO.,

Salem, Ohio.

32 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬
ing to consumers exclusively.

We Have No Agents

but ship anywhere for ex¬
amination and approval,
guaranteeing safe deliv¬
ery. You are out noth¬
ing ifnot satisfied as to
style, quality and!
price. We make 2001
styles of vehicles and
No. 636. Combination Buggy with extra 65 styles of harness.

stick seat and ^ In. rubber lires. Price „ _ , _ _ _ . . _ .

complete $68.00. As good as sells No. 327. Canopy Top Surrey. Price complete

for $30 more. FREE. Send for it. $73. As good as sells for $25 more.

Elkhart Carriage CSb Harness Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

You Can’t Get Cheated
on Split Hickory Buggies

IMf A First — Because they are made by a concern with a reputa-

lra H V tion to protect that is founded on honest material and work-

■■ ■ ■ manship and honest and fair treatment of all customers.
Second— Every piece of material in a Split Hickory Buggy is guaranteed
• for two years.

Third— Every Split Hickory Buggy is sent out on a positive, definite 30
Days’ Free Use Plan, backed up by an absolute agreement on our
part to take back any buggy at our expense if it is not satisfactory to
the purchaser, refunding every cent of the purchase price. Our Two
Year Guarantee gives you better protection than if you came to our
factory to order your own buggy and watched the process of its man¬
ufacture from the time the hickory is split from the log until it reaches
the shipping room, where the finished buggy is crated for shipment
to your station.

This Guarantee

places upon
our shoulders'*

the entire responsibility of building you
first-class buggy. If we were called upon
to be constantly repairing and replacing de¬
fective parts the profit on a buggy would soon
be eaten up in these repairs. That’s the reason
we are so particular in the selection
of all material, and that is why we
pay more for our material and throw
out every piece of hickory
that shows the least sign
of knots, wind-shakes or
Imperfections of any
kind. That is also the
reason that it pays us to
split the hickory from the
log instead of sawing it,
which is an expensive
operation and causes a
great deal of waste, but in
the long run it is economy,

and that is also why we employ skilled labor at skilled labor wages in every department.
That is why we equip every buggy with long-distance, dust-proof axles made of the best
quality refined steel, use nothing but oil-tempered springs; the upholstering, every thread
of it, all wool I6-oz. fast color broadcloth; box frame easy riding spring cushions; full
length tops made water-proof arid very durable; why every weak point is braced and
reinforced; shafts, the best quality double braced with heel and corner braces; and that
is also why it costs us twice as much for the painting as the ordinary painting, because
it is painted by the old-fashioned oil and lead process, with all wood-work carried 100
days in pure oil find lead, and every .Split Hickory Special Top Buggy is furnished with
16 coats of painting, each coat rubbed out and thoroughly dried before the next is applied.

These Are Some of the Reasons Why Our Split Hickory Special

Top Buggy is the most popular buggy in the U. S. today. These are also the reasons
that where one buggy is sold others follow. The price is §50 and it is sold on 30 DAYS
FREE USE PLAN. You can buy buggies cheaper than §50, but not of the kind or
quality of our SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL TOP BUGGY. We are not competing with
a shoddy class of goods. You do not want that kind of goods if you want to make a good
investment with your money. It is not economy to buy a cheap article because the
price is low when there is no value attached to it.

It is worth something to know that The Ohio Carriage Mfrf. Co. has a record
for fair dealingwith thousands of buggy users all over the United States and its refer¬
ences are the leading banks and business houses of Cincinnati.

Let us send you our Free 1 905 Catalogue, it is suid to bo the handsomest and most complete
buggy catalogue ever sent out by a carriage manufacturer. It is absolutely free, contains 192 pages
of buggy and harness infoimation and you ought lo have it to post yourself bn the host thut is made
in the buggy and harness line and sold at money-suving prices direct from the factory to you. Write
for our catalogue toduy. We will send it postage prepaid promptly on receipt of your inquiry.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., (H. C. Phelps, Pres.)
STATION 290 CINCINNATI, OHIO.

“Wood”
Floating Frame
Mowers

are the only mowers made with
the floating frame construction.
This nueans that on uneven
ground the bar is fre-e to follow
all depressions, cutting the crop
with equal ease from hollows,
humps or hillocks. Made in
three sizes — to carry cutter bars
of seven different lengths. Made
for one horse or two.

Walter A. Wood

HARVESTING
MACHINERY

is made by skilled mechanics,
carefully selected materials only
being used. Send for our hand¬
some illustrated catalogue of
Mowers, Binders, Reapers, Rakes
and Hay Tedders, which gives
illustrationsand full information.

We will direct you to the nearest
agency where you can inspect
them.

Repairs furnished for Walter A.
Wood Machinery of any dute — no
matter bow antiquated.

MV are the oldest independent makers
of harvesting machinery in the world.

WALTER A. WOOD

MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO.,
Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

75 New Buys
Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’
FREK
TRIAL,.

Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less
than #50.00.
fully describes it and 250
other styles of pleasure
and busi ness vehicles and harness, at lowest factory

prices. There is as much difference, let ween " Columbia " and
other makes nf buggies as bet ween mush rooms and toadstools.

Buy tlie tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no more than the unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply Co.80^,^*1/" £*•

• i *

OUR FREE CATALOG

FARMERS

HANDY
WACON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to fitany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

FARM WAGON OFFER.

cno Qrt WE sell the highest grade
run 3tOD.au heavy two-horse farm wagon
MADE, complete with double box, drop tongue,
spring seat, neckyokn and doubletrees. Every

wagon covered bv our binding guarantee.

FOR FREE FARM WAGON CATALOGUE with many
illustrations of wagons, all parts, etc., full descriptions,
guarantee, free trial olTer, for explanation why we can
Bell the best wagon made at about one-half tlie price
others charge, for low freight rute and quick delivery
explanation, for the most astonishingly liberal Farm
Wagon Olfer ever heard of, cut this ad out and send to
us, or on a postal card say “ Send me your Free Farm
Wagon Catalogue,” and get all by return mail free.

Address: SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.’

ALL KINDS OF

Set with the

NAQLEY TRANSPLANTER

save the grower -expense. Abso¬
lutely guaranteed to do the work.
Circulars free. Agents wanteo.
Pruning Shears also a Specially.

NAGLEY MFG. COMPANY, LYONS, N. Y

Vol. LXIV. No. 2882.

NEW YORK, APRIL 22, 1905.

WEEKLY, *1.00 PER YEAR.

HAS SPRAYING BECOME GENERAL?

What Proportion of Fruit Growers Spray?

What proportion of the fruit growers in your locality
spray their fruit trees with any degree of thoroughness?
Is there any apparent advantage in favor of those who do
spray? We want to learn how general spraying has become.

The number of fruit growers in this vicinity (north¬
western Columbia and southern Rensselaer Counties)
who spray is gradually increasing. I think it safe to
say that practically all the good up-to-date farmers are
now spraying. That they are doing it thoroughly, in
most instances, is very doubtful. This will not seem
so strange, for “up-to-date” farmers, when I say that
after an investigation by an experiment station man
made last season in Orleans County he made this
statement: “I have never seen so much or so good
spraying as is done in Orleans County, yet of 600
sprayed orchards that I visited only 20 were thoroughly
done.” Spraying is comparatively a new thing. It is
a disagreeable job, comes in the most busy time of
the year. One is working by faith, not by sight, al¬
ways a harder task. Most o : the pumps and appli¬
ances for spraying are too weak and imperfect. \\ hen
a man talks about doing thorough work in a tree 30
or 40 feet high with such means as are
usually at hand he does not know what he
is talking about. Then, too, in spite of
experiment station bulletins, farm papers
and institute lectures, the nature of fun¬
gus troubles and insect life is not very
well understood, and it is not rare to
meet a man who thinks Bordeaux Mix¬
ture will kill insects and Paris-green
destroy plant lice. Nevertheless, better
and more intelligent work is being done
each year. That the advantage is real
and apparent is evidenced by the fact
just cited that spraying is increasing.

If this is true with the work none too
well done, how much more effect will
show as people come to understand and
do it better. Another very significant
fact : The best buyers will hardly go to
look at an orchard that has not been
sprayed. The spread of the San Jose
scale is compelling many to spray who
never did so before, and the very thor¬
ough work that must be done to have
any effect on this pest means better
spraying all along the line. I am satis¬
fied that it is of no use in the future
for the farmer to attempt to grow fruit unless he
annually, thoroughly and intelligently sprays.

Columbia Co., N. Y. e. van alstyne.

I regret to say that there is as yet only a moderate
amount of spraying done, and that by our larger or-
chardists and more progressive members of the Pomo-
logical Society. Others neglect their trees, and in the
case of the plum and peach, thousands of trees all over
the State have been killed out by the scale. Many
apple trees are more or less affected, but have not
been killed yet, but probably will succumb within a
few years. J. H. hale.

Connecticut.

In this vicinity spraying is generally accepted as a
necessary operation in fruit growing. But very few, if
any, of our farmers do not spray, though very many
do not spray as carefully and thoroughly as they should.
As in all other operations of th • farm, there are all
gradations from the most careful and thorough treat¬
ment to the most indifferent. As the one degree marks
the successful and prosperous farmer so the other in¬
dicates the shiftless farmer whose “farming does not
pay.” There is, however, considerable irregularity in
regard to the amount and thoroughness of spraying,
from year to year, reflecting, no doubt, some degree of
uncertainty and skepticism in regard to the necessity

and importance of spraying. But our most successful
fruit growers, without exception, are regular and thor¬
ough in the practice of spraying, and they consider it
one of the most important and necessary operations of
the orchard. It is certain that they are not the ones
who are flooding our markets with trash, ruining the
reputation of New York State fruit and depressing
the prices of our products. When we are able to bar
from our markets the diseased and wormy fruits that
are the product of the unsprayed and carelessly sprayed
orchards, we need have no fears of the competition of
other sections of the country, or of the future pros¬
perity of the fruit interests of our State, w. t. mann.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

A large number of fruit growers in this vicinity spray
their orchards, hut many are not thorough, going over
the trees hastily once before blossoming and sometimes
once after. Yet others are very thorough, going over
the trees three to five times with good results. The
past two seasons have been cool and wet, being favor¬
able for developing fungus. As a result many un¬
sprayed orchards bore very poor fruit, and were sold
for a small price. Others situated so the sun and air
had a good chance to circulate had good apples with-

fight the pest in old apple orchards of large trees if
scale gets a good start all through the orchard.

Lewiston, N. Y. f. s. h.

I do not think that more than one-quarter of the
fruit growers spray, and not more than one-half to
one-quarter of them do it thoroughly. The results from
spraying are easily seen, especially upon some varie¬
ties like Newtown Pippin, Fall Pippin and Snow. But
the advantages derived from spraying are not as great
in the upper Hudson Valley as in western New York,
especially in fighting the Apple scab, as it is much more
prevalent- in western New York than in the Hudson
Valley. The orchards in the lake counties of western
New York are as a rule more level than in the east,
and a tower can be used there to good advantage. They
should be used wherever possible in the east, as it is
practically impossible to spray old apple trees and do a
good job without a tower. j. p. van buren & son.

Columbia Co., N. Y.

A GOOD CHANCF FOR THE HOG AND THE ORCHARD. Fig. 135

out spraying. But those that are thorough not only in
spraying, but in cultivating, fertilizing and trimming,
have more and better fruit, smooth and of good color,
selling for good prices, giving good returns for labor
and expense. Many do not spray because help is so
high and scarce. Farmers are not doing as much on
their farms as other years on that account, so orchards
are being neglected, as well as other things. The
Spring has opened very favorably. Fruit buds are
plentiful. Wheat has wintered well and looks fine.
What we need now is a warm rain. B. w. B.

Hilton, N. Y.

There are very few large fruit growers in this lo¬
cality who do not spray their fruit trees. It has come
to be considered a necessary part of the business.
Among those having less fruit, perhaps one-half of
them spray, some very effectively, others with poor re¬
sults, just according to the skill, thoroughness and
persistence with which the work is done. There is no
question in the mind of anyone disposed to be fair
of the advantage in favor of those who do careful,
thorough spraying, as far as quality of the fruit is con¬
cerned. As to dollars and cents, there is chance for a
difference of opinion. Our worst enemy in the orchard
is the San Jose scale, and it has come to be a serious
question in the minds of many whether .it will pay to

NOTES ON FORCING LETTUCE.

To grow good lettuce under glass, and grow it profit¬
ably, is rather a difficult undertaking. Unless we have
proper facilities and houses especially
built for the same, we can hardly hope
to make a success in a commercial way,
but when well grown lettuce is perhaps
the most profitable crop we can grow in
glass houses or in frames. During my
experience of many years in greenhouse
work I have grown a great many kinds
of lettuce with different methods of cul¬
tivation, and in each succeeding year I
find I can profit by my past mistakes.
Some gardeners will tell us we must
have certain kinds of soil, some consider
the seed the most important, while
others say the man behind the hose is
responsible for the crop, but I have ob¬
served that good gardeners usually over¬
come most of these difficulties. I have
always had fine success with lettuce by
using the trenching or subsoiling
method ; in fact, it has never failed to
bring forth a fine crop of head lettuce
for us. In beginning I would advise
starting with seed that is grown from
strictly forcing lettuce. I would not use
the large kinds like Big Boston, or va¬
rieties that are inclined to grow even
larger than that well-known kind ; it is most certain to
be a disappointment. This is conceded by all who are
versed in lettuce forcing, and the writer has been taught
this lesson to the tune of a good many hundred dozen.
When the plants are ready to set, which should be from
four to six weeks from time of planting the seed, pre¬
pare the ground carefully by removing about five inches
of soil from the top; then spade or subsoil the bottom
to the full depth of the spade. Spread on this about
three inches of good horse manure, turn on the water
and soak it thoroughly. When this is liberally done it
is usually sufficient to mature the crop, and avoids sur¬
face wetting, which frequently damages and sometimes
ruins the whole crop. The next square should be pre¬
pared as before described, and so on till the house is
completed. Rake it level, and set the plants eight
inches apart each way. Nothing more will be required
except to stir the soil often. Give a night temperature
or 45 or 50 degrees, with 15 or 20 degrees higher during
the day. Grow lettuce quite cool the first 12 or 15 days
after planting; increase the temperature as the crop
matures. t. m. white.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

R. N.-Y. — Good seed is a most important point.
Without this it is impossible to secure the uniformity of
size and type essential to best results with such products.

334

April 22,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

SPR HYING HIGH TREES.

I note with interest what is said about spraying high
trees, page 279. I enclose sketch, shown in Fig. 140, of
plan which I use, and find it a very good thing where
trees are high and near together. It looks somewhat
unwieldy, but in practice it is all right. I use this to
go over the orchard, following with shorter rod soon as
mixture shows by drying where missed spots need
touching up. The highest trees can be easily and
quickly covered, and trees on hillsides, or that are too
close for convenience of derrick rigs, can be handled as
well as if they were separated by considerable space.
The weight of the rod forces the lower end into the
ground a short distance, relieving the nozzle man of
most of the strain of holding the rod, and gives him a
chance to cover a large surface with one setting of the
rod. I work inside the trees by resting rod across the
large limbs. If the air is still the trees can be finished
in one operation. I like, however, to work best when
we have a light breeze, just enough to drift the spray
through the trees. This device will have to be tried
to be appreciated.

The device may be made clearer by the following de¬
scription : Rod should be within six or eight feet of
height of trees; A is cap; B, six-inch piece of one-
fourth-inch pipe; C, six-inch piece of three-fourths-inch
pipe ; D. three-fourths-inch T ; E, hose ; F, shut-off
valve; G, length of one-half-inch pipe (about one-half
total length of rod) ; H, length of three-eighths-inch
pipe (about one-half total length of rod); I, nozzles.
The dotted lines show sweep of rod at one setting.

Pennsylvania. _ A. I. loop.

COST OF SPRAYING MIXTURES.

What it costs per gallon to make a spraying mixture
is easy to answer; what it costs to spray an acre of trees
is not so easy a matter. I use the lime, sulphur and
salt mixture for San Jose scale, and find it very effec¬
tive ; it has proven so efficacious I continue the use of it ;
I always dislike to part with an old, tried and true
friend. It makes me smile to see and hear men claim
that the above solution is not so effective on apple and
pear trees as on the plum and peach. I am positively
certain that the above mixture, if properly made and
applied, will kill the scale on one tree as quickly as an¬
other, but on account of the habit of growth of the
apple tree its surface is not so easily covered with the

HANDLING TIIR .$20 HAY. Fig. 130.

mixture as some other trees. When a tree is badly
infested with the scale it needs to be drenched, as a
slight covering will only kill the outside scales and
leave those underneath untouched. The cost of the lime,
sulphur and salt mixture as 1 use it is as follows :
30 pounds sulphur, three cents per pound, 90 cents;
30 pounds lime, two-thirds cent per pound, 20 cents;
20 pounds salt, one-half cent per pound, 10 cents; total,
$1.20. This makes 100 gallons of solution at 11-5 cent
per gallon.

As to the amount used per tree, this depends entirely
on the size of the tree and how badly infested it is ;
the wind also affects the quantity used. I would think-
two or three quarts would spray a three or four-year-
old peach tree, while it would require from four to eight
gallons properly to spray an average apple tree 14 years
old. Much would depend upon how the tree had been
shaped, and some varieties would require more than
others on account of their habit of growth. The quan¬
tity would also depend upon how many nozzles were
used.

As to the cost of the limoid and kerosene mixture, it
would be about like this, if oil was obtained at whole¬
sale prices; 20 gallons oil, 10 cents per gallon, $2.20; 80
pounds limoid, one-half cent per pound, 40 cents; total,
$2.60. This amount is for 100 gallons at a 20-per-cent
mixture of oil, a trifle over 2J4 cents per gallon. Tf re¬
tail price was paid for the oil, or a 25-per-cent mixture

made, the cost would be materially increased. I have
figured at the lowest price for the oil, and the weakest
mixture it is safe to use. In this mixture a small item
is saved on fuel, as it requires no heat, and something
on the time in making the mixture is saved. This is
quite an item where help is scarce and high priced. It
is claimed that the K.-L. will go further than the lime
and sulphur wash, but as a large per cent of any mixture
is wasted in spraying I don't think there is a great deal
in this idea, but perhaps enough in it to be considered
in making a close calculation. The above figures are
correct as to the cost of the lime and sulphur mix¬
ture, as 1 use it. This of course does not include the
cost of the labor. Two men with a good pump will
average 500 or 600 gallons a day. The K.-L. is much the
quickest and easiest to prepare and spray, and will prob¬
ably very largely take the place of all other mixtures,

NEAR VIEW OF CONNECTICUT TIMOTHY. Fig. 137.

but the cost must be considerably greater, and it remains
to be seen ■> whether it proves as effective for general
use without damage to the tree. wm. h. skillman.

New Jersey.. _

THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS.

Will the exclusive use of commercial fertilizer tend to im¬
poverish the land when used continuously? reader.

Franklin Co., N. Y.

If you use a well-balanced fertilizer year after year
so that you add plenty of available nitrogen, potash and
phosphoric acid, the soil will not become impoverished
— yet such soil may refuse to produce good crops. There
may be plenty of plant food in the soil, yet crops cannot
utilize it. Why? Because the physical condition of the
soil is wrong. The most common fault with such soils is
that they lack humus or organic matter. This humus
warms the soil, lets in air, aids drainage, and also holds
moisture. When there is too little humus present the
soil becomes soggy and cold in a wet season, and either
bakes hard or becomes too hot in dry seasons. Any of
these conditions make it harder for plants to grow and
take food from the soil. Take a piece of brick. No
one would expect to put a seed on top of it and have
the seed grow even if well watered ar.d fed. Grind
the brick to a fine powder, put it in a flower pot, and
again plant the seed. It would make only a poor
growth, because when the brickdust was watered and
dried it would bake hard. Take the brickdust and mix
thoroughly all through it from 10 to 15 per cent of its
weight in dried clover leaves or even ground straw,
and the seeds would grow and make good plants. The
clover or the straw furnish the humus which improves
the character of the brickdust and makes it “soil.” The
use of chemicals alone, without manure or green crops
would have a tendency to remove the humus and thus
hurt the soil. While the illustration is not exact, we
might compare such farming to feeding a cow on grain
alone. We might give her all she needs of actual food
in bran and cornmeal, yet she would not thrive because
Nature has provided her with a digestive system which
requires bulky food like hay or other roughage to keep
it extended and open.

In some parts of the country, as in Long Island,
Florida, and parts of New Jersey and Delaware, fer¬
tilizers are used exclusively — even hay being sold from
the farm. Under this system, instead of becoming
impoverished, the soil grows steadily more productive.
Such soils are usually light or sandy. The fertilizers
used are soluble, and do not as a rule contain much
acid. The rotation usually, contains a good crop of
grass and clover — the stubble and roots of which pro¬
vide considerable humus to be plowed under. Special
“catch” crops of rye, clover, buckwheat or turnips are
grown between two regular crops in the rotation, and
plowed under to provide humus. For example, it would
b~ possible to grow potatoes year after year, using fer¬
tilizers alone, if as soon as the potatoes were dug rye
could be seeded and the Winter’s growth plowed under

before the potatoes were planted in the following
Spring. It is possible, therefore, to supply humus even
with “the exclusive use of fertilizers.”

HAY PROFITABLE IN CONNECTICUT.

We carried off a load of hay yesterday weighing 2,650
pounds, and it brought $26.50. Another load goes to¬
day ; in the course of the year we sell a good deal of
hay and we find it one of the best paying items of the
farm. We are unable to supply the demand for this
grade of hay that brings $20 per ton, yet is the poorest
hay we raise for milk production. Not all hay will
bring this price, as it must be bright, clean Timothy, and
of good length. We do all our seeding in the Spring
with oats. The oats are cut early for oat hay, and this
is followed by a good top-dressing of manure. In fact,'
we aim to top-dress all our mowing land within two
miles of the home place every year. For two or three
years following the oats we get fine crops of clean
Timothy and then other grasses work in, but we are
able to have market hay out of it for five to six years.
We have one field of seven acres seeded in 1902 that
in 1903 gave us $400 worth of hay from first crop, and
a fine crop of rowen. The same piece last season did
a little better, getting about three tons more than in
1903. This new seeded land we top-dress just as soon
as possible after first cutting, which helps out rowen
crop, which we feed out to our cows. F'igs. 136 and 137
show our hay ; Fig. 138 silage corn. One must watch
weather very closely in handling this kind of hay, as a
heavy shower changes $20 hay to a $15 or $16 grade in
short order. Cut in morning, teddered at noon, heaped
at night, and it is ready to get in the next day from
10 A. M. on.

The hay looks very bright and clean and a load makes
a handsome sight. It is sold largely to people who keep
a horse or two in town, and want the best hay they can
get. Many of these people do not like baled hay, and
are glad to pay a premium for loose hay. It is useless
to seed down land overloaded with weed seed and ex¬
pect to get this class of hay. The best plan we have
found is to plow in Fall or Spring for corn, using heavy
crops of stable manure. Sow rye in Fall for cover crop
'and plow under in Spring, anil plant potatoes, using only
commercial fertilizer. Sow rye again for corn, plowing
under in Spring for oats and seeding. If land will not
wash it may be left bare after potatoes through the

CROP OF CONNECTICUT SILAGE CORN. Fig. 138,

Winter, but we dislike to have any fields uncovered
through the Winter. h. G. Manchester.

Connecticut. _

STEEL TANK PREFERRED.

Z. C. B., of Waterbury, Conn., asks information con¬
cerning water storage tanks for farm use. In 1896
the time seemed to have come to do something about a
water supply for the farm ; heretofore we had depended
on shallow wells, and they were failing, so had a three-
inch well drilled, and got a good supply of water at
129 feet. I wished to pipe the water to the house, the
barnyard and the hoghouse. With the ell on the
highest point, and but little fall, by locating the stor¬
age tank three feet above ground I could run the
water where I wanted it. The dealer recommended a
hard pine tank. That was all well enough for a time,
but the second Spring when the weather warmed the
water got foul in the tank. 1 cleaned it out, and it was
the same thing again in a week. We quit using it at
the house ; the stock had to put up with it for a time
till I could get another; then I got a galvanized steel
tank, 30-barrel size, and we have had good water ever
since. I used a gasoline engine to pump the water,
and then one does not need a large supply tank, for the
oftener one pumps the cooler the water will be in the
Summer, and the warmer it will be in the Winter.
The wood tank being thicker is not affected so quickly
by the changes of the weather as the steel tank. I
put a cellar under the tank as deep as the pipes were
laid; this is very handy when one wants to shut the
water off from any of the pipes. L. c. G.

West Branch, Iowa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

335

THE FENCE WIRE QUESTION.

A Test for “Galvanizing.”

In connection with the fence-wire question, you may
be interested in the following specification for galvaniz¬
ing which is said to be in use by the Western Union
Telegraph Co. and the American Telephone and Tele¬
graph Co. for galvanized wire. (See Engineering
News for March 25, page 321.)

The wire shall be of the specified size, made of steel, gal¬
vanized with a coating of zinc, evenly and uniformly ap¬
plied, so that it will adhere firmly to the surface of the
steel. Any specimen shall be capable of withstanding the
following test : The sample shall be immersed in a standard
solution of copper sulphate for one minute and then removed,
immediately washed in water thoroughly and wiped dry.
This process shall be repeated. If, after the fourth immer¬
sion there is a copper-colored deposit on the sample or the
zinc has been removed, the lot from which the sample was
taken shall be rejected. The standard solution of copper
sulphate shall consist of a solution of commercial copper-
sulphate crystals in water. This solution shall have a spec¬
ified gravity of 1.185 at 70 degrees F. While a sample is
being tested the temperature of the standard solution shall
at no time be less than 60 degrees nor more than 70
degrees F.

This may not be the best possible specification for
fence wire, but at least it gives a standard which is in
use and known to the manufacturers, and which can
be tested by any intelligent man. If there is a per¬
sistent call for wire which will fulfill the American
Telephone and Telegraph Co.’s specification I think it
can be procured. e. b. harger.

Connecticut.

Tin Plates from Charcoal Iron.

We have been interested in reading the article ap¬
pearing on page 217, entitled a “Talk About Iron and
Steel.” We regret, however, to find that your corre¬
spondent has fallen into the popular error of thinking
that better roofing-tin can be made from “charcoal iron”
black plate than from soft Siemens-Martin steel, es¬
pecially made for this purpose. It may be true that
black sheets of “charcoal iron” last longer upon ex¬
posure to the weather than black sheets of soft steel,
because steel is very pure in its nature, and the surface
is very sensitive to any outside action. All “charcoal
iron” contains a considerable proportion of slag, which
serves as a slight protection to the fibers of the iron —
to quote from the circular of a “charcoal iron” manu¬
facturer. With tinplate we face an entirely different
condition, since the black sheets are completely covered
with the coating, and the value of roofing-tin lies in
the integrity of the coating. It is hardly an exaggera¬
tion to say that if the coating is perfect it makes little
difference what is used as a base, provided it is a neu¬
tral substance that will not set up any
action whatever from within. We speak
from the standpoint of manufacturers, as
we have had probably a longer experience
than any other maker in this country.

We ourselves make tinplates from
“charcoal iron” for those who want them,
but we sell them without recourse and
without guarantee, and entirely at the
buyer’s risk. It is a fact that the stan¬
dard for modern tinplate is very low, but
this is due more to improper methods of
making the tin rather than to improper
materials — although a great deal of dis¬
satisfaction has no doubt been experi¬
enced from roofing-tin made from cheap
Bessemer steel with its irregular na¬
ture. N. & G. TAYLOR CO.

Philadelphia, Pa.

a foot long below the bars to which they are bolted.
We use it just as a weeder is used to rake rubbish, or
as a hayrake is used to make windrows. When the
rake fills with rocks we lift the handles and leave the
rocks. The next time around we lift at the same place.
When all the field is gone over in this way and the
rocks left in windrows, with good oyster rakes on
stout handles we shovel the rocks in a cart and haul
them off, either to surface roads or dump them in
piles to lie and be washed off by rains until free from
earth and fit to be used as filler in concrete. One such
raking clears my land splendidly, but to make it ideal
I shall when I qan give it a “second coat,” which would
make it nearly as good as the western prairies where as

A BORDER OF HARDY PHLOX. Fig. 139.

a boy I used to “cuss” because there was never a stone
to throw at the cows when they got in the corn.

A cart is the thing for rock clearing, just as it is
for hauling manure or anything else that must be han¬
dled cheaply with the least consumption of time. To
unload by dumping is making money by saving time.
When I haul rocks as a business I use two carts and
four men to pick up and load. A stout boy leads the
cart horse and dumps, the men being kept at work all
the time loading. j. a. t.

IS SEED FROM BLIGHTED POTATOES SAFE?

What do the scientific men say about seed from potatoes
where the vines have blighted? Would the disease he car¬
ried by such tubers to the next crop?

I would not take chances with potato seed from an
infested field, if the seed can be obtained from non-
infested fields. byron d. halsted.

MACHINE PICKING STONES.

In Hope Farm Notes, page 149, ac¬
count is given of various ways to clean
land of small stones, none of them be¬
ing satisfactory. I have a farm on a
fine level mountain bench in the Blue
Ridge in Loudoun County, Virginia. It
was entirely covered with rocks when
I bought it in 1892. I ' have now 40
acres cleared. We picked up and carted
off all rocks big enough to dispose of
in this way. I have now found that in time and money
it is cheaper to blow holes in the ground with dyna¬
mite, shovel out to a depth of four or five feet, and
then bury the rocks. They go down deep enough for
the plow to clear and crops grow quite well over
them as anywhere else. For the small rocks the size
of your fist and less I have a method that I had never
seen used until I tried it. I got at a junk shop six
old oyster forks. I had the blacksmith straighten four
of them out flat and bolt and rivet them on two bars
of iron. To these bars I bolted two shafts, poles I
cut in the woods, in which to hitch a horse. Two han¬
dles were also bolted on the way handles are put on a
common weeder. In short, the implement is much
like a weeder, only there is almost no vibration of the
teeth. The thing is feet wide, and the tines are

* 8 C p — >

,BssB====<rzri-D=^fc

ZJ

PLAN FOR SPRAYING HIGH TREES. Fig. 140.

It is certain, with the late blight at least, that the
disease passes the Winter in affected potatoes, and that
the blight is passed from crop to crop through the use
of potatoes showing rot. In this case seed from a
healthy crop is certainly preferable. Early blight is
not supposed to affect the tubers, hence inoculation
could hardly take place through seed, but inasmuch as
plants with reduced vigor suffer most from its attacks,
it is certainly best to plant tubers from a healthy, vig¬
orous crop, thereby increasing or at least sustaining the
general health of the resulting crop. u. P. hedrick.

Michigan Station.

I am unable to state positively whether Potato blight
is carried over by the tubers from infested crops or not.
However, I do not think it is advisable to plant tubers
from an infested crop. In cases of disagreement be¬

tween the “doctors” the safest way is to use only the
seed from a healthy crop. In my judgment it is not
advisable to advocate the seed of any crop that has
been infested by diseases. e. p. sandsten.

Wisconsin Station.

I am not satisfied with our present knowledge con¬
cerning the blight-fungus, and so have been making a
special study of it the past season, but as yet I have
little to add concerning it that is new. So far as we
know now the fungus is carried over the Winter only
in the infected tubers of the previous year’s crop. The¬
oretically, then, the more care used in the selection of
the tubers the better. But it is also generally believed
that after the blight appears it is carried from one field
to another. Just how often fields are infected from the
diseased tubers planted in them, or how often from
spores carried from another field, I do not believe any
one knows. If the trouble is only carried from one
field to another very near it then care in selection of
the tubers, combined with isolation of the field from
other fields, would be of advantage. But if the trouble
is generally carried from one field to another, even re¬
mote, one can readily see that the advantage gained
from selection t f good seed would largely be lost.
Season, in large, measure, determines whether the blight-
fungus will do little or considerable injury. Moist
weather in July, August or September determines how
early and how serious the trouble will be. The rot of
the tubers, too, is not always due to blight-fungus,
though the past season it seems to have been at least
the starting agent of rot. The severity of blight to the
vines does not necessarily indicate a similar severity of
rot to follow in the tubers. In 1902 the vines blighted
early (the last of July and early in August) suddenly
and severely in this State, but there was little trouble
from rot. In 1904 the blight was very late (working
slowly through August and September), and did but
comparatively small injury to the foliage as a rule. The
injury from the rotting of the tubers, however, was
very severe. As the fungus infects the tubers by the
short-lived spores that fall from the infected foliage to
the ground, a sudden and complete blight of the vines,
especially if followed by dry weather, may secure fewer
infections of the tubers than a slow spread of the
trouble on the foliage over a longer time with moist
weather now and then to aid in the infection of the
tubers.

I believe, besides the moisture of the season, the
moisture capacity of the soil of each field determines
in a measure the amount of rot in the field. At least
we know without question that the same seed planted
in different fields often gives quite different results in
the amount of rot. The moisture of the
soil, aside from elevation, drainage, etc.,
depends largely on its humus content.
Manure adds to the humus of the soil,
besides being a carrier of certain fungus
diseases. I suggest the following meth¬
ods as the most likely to exempt the po¬
tato from rot :

1. Select the best seed, as free as
practical from all disease; if desired, treat
the seed with formalin or corrosive sub¬
limate. 2. Practice systematic rotation
and never plant potatoes two years in
succession on the same soil. 3. Select,
when possible, the lighter, sandier soils
rather than heavier soils, or those
rich in humus especially, if in low
places. 4. Use artificial fertilizers, as
far as possible, in place of manure, to
enrich the soil the year it is in potatoes.
5. Give thorough cultivation to conserve
the moisture in the dry season and in the
wet season as far as possible to prevent
the soil from being too wet and water
soaked. 6. As late as possible in July,
and before appearance of blight, ridge up
f the rows to prevent the vines from mat¬

ting the ground, and at the same .time to
cover the tubers with a deeper layer of
earth to protect them from the blight
spores. 7. If spraying is practiced it
should be done thoroughly and at the proper sea¬
son. I think the most practical use of Bor¬
deaux Mixture for blight requires three or four thor¬
ough sprayings. For Connecticut the first should be
made July 5 to 15, according to the weather, and the
last should be made the latter part of August or the
first of September. The other sprayings should be
made as the weather demands, but aim especially to
have the foliage well covered with the spray when the
blight weather appears. g. p. Clinton.

Connecticut Station.

R. N.-Y. — Some of the Long Island growers were
reported last season as spraying their fields from eight
to 10 times. These fields were green and growing
August 20, while upsprayed fields had been dead two
weeks. Yield was good, with little rot.

336

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must he accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Plaster in Potato Hills.

J. F. O., Otsego Co., N. Y. — What effect
does plaster have when it is used in hills
when planting potatoes?

Ans. — The effect of plaster used in
hills when planting potatoes would prob¬
ably be the same as if spread broadcast,
though proportionately less effective, as
if it is dropped in a lump, only a small
portion of the amount would come in
contact with the soil. Plaster (sulphate
of lime, gypsum) is regarded as an in¬
direct fertilizer except upon soils where
there is a deficiency of lime, and its bene¬
ficial action is due to its combination with
other substances in the soil, and setting
free potash. E. B. voorhees.

N. J. Experiment Station.

Budding Cherry Trees.

M. P. C„ Kent, N. Y. — Could our host va¬
rieties of sweet cherries be successfully bud¬
ded on old-fashioned sour cherry sprouts?
About what size should the sprouts be? When
is the proper time to bud sweet cherries?

Ans. — No, the sour cherry does not
make a good stock for the sweet varie¬
ties, because it sprouts very badly, and
the union is not good. The wood of
the sweet type grows much the faster.
Seedlings of the common sweet cherry,
which is known as the Mazzard, are the
proper stocks on which to bud (he sweet
varieties. The stocks should be budded
when they are about the size of a lead
pencil or a little larger. This will us¬
ually be the first year, but may be the
second year after planting the seeds. The
budding is done in July or August, owing
to the state of the growth of the stocks.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

King David Apple.

TV. H. S., Cuba, Mo. — What do you know
about the new King David apple?

Ans. — While I have never seen the
tree of this variety in bearing, the orig¬
inal one being the only one large enough
as yet, 1 know of it from those who have
seen it, and they say it is of a very de¬
sirable habit and bears well. As to the
fruit, which I have tested to my entire
satisfaction, I think it is one of the most
beautiful red apples that I ever saw, fully
equaling Jonathan in this respect, and
surpassing it in quality. I never ate a
better apple, and I think it will keep well,
It is well worth a test in every apple¬
growing section of the country. Where
it will succeed best is yet to be deter¬
mined, but I think it will do well over a
wide territory, and especially so in the
Central and Western States.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Starting Oranges in Cuba.

E. IF. L., Minas, Cuba. — I am starting an
orange grove here in Cuba. If I plant the
native sweet oranges that have never been
budded shall I get sweet oranges that will
rineq at the same time as the fruit from
which I planted seed? What do you think
of my plan of planting the seed where I wish
the trees to grow? Shall .1 not get as good
a tree in three or four years as I would to
grow them- in a nursery and then transplant?

Ans. — In planting an orange orchard
it would be folly to depend on seedlings,
except as stocks on which to bud really
choice varieties ; because they do not
come true from seed. But seeds from
sweet oranges will bring sweet oranges,
and those front sour or bitter oranges will
bring those of the same class as the seeds
that were planted. It is always wise to
bud from trees of the choice named varie¬
ties. I would grow the trees in a nurs¬
ery and transplant into the orchard after
they were budded, and the first growth
had hardened into sound wood. Good
trees could be grown as suggested by
planting the seeds in the places where the
trees are to stand, and they would grow
all the better for not being moved, but

the extra trouble of caring for the little
seedlings over so wide a space as they
would cover would overbalance the bene¬
fits, at least I think so. However, it
might be well to try it in a small way.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Raising Spruce from Seed.

B. L. S., Bo. Cushing, Me. — I wish to get a
growth of White spruce for poles 15 to 20
feet tall. When and how is the proper time
and way to gather seed? How should seed
be sown? What is best exposure, hillside or
level ground? Would it be best to plant seed
among birch saplings or ground just cut
over? My wood iot is birch, spruce and fir,
some cut this Winter and every Winter for
20 years back. Would it be well to leave any
trees for shade? Is there any fertilizer I
can use to hasten growth? Would it be well
to burn brush where seed is planted or let
seedlings come up through it? Where can I
buy seed in case I cannot find it in my own
woods ?

Ans. — White spruce seeds ripen in the
Fall. The cones should be gathered soon
after they turn brown and stored in a
warm, dry place until the scales open.
The seeds may then be shaken out, mixed
with perfectly dry sand, and kept in a
dry, cool place over Winter. Seedlings
are best grown in a seed-bed, frames or
boxes and allowed to stand a year or
two before transplanting, but they can be
directly planted in any cleared wood lot
by dropping a few in a place in early
Spring and covering very lightly with a
hoe. Hillside and level arc both good if
not too wet and springy. The lot ought
to be well cleared off, but we would not
advise burning it over, as conifer seed¬
lings rather object to burnt-over soil,
which also encourages a rank growth of
weeds. Seeds may also be sown broad¬
cast and covered as well as possible with
a steel rake. Best results are usually had
by sowing in a seed bed and transplant¬
ing later. Seeds may be had from J. M.
Thorburn & Co., 36 Cortlandt St., New
York, for about $3.50 a pound.

SEED POTATOES

Early Michigan and Banner. Pure, sound CAa
sorted stock. Sacks free. Also seed corn
for grain or ensilage, at farmer prices. Per Hu

HENRY FIELD, Box 20, Shenandoah, Iowa.

LONG ISLAND CABB1GE SEED,- Spring,
Summer, Fall, Winter. Catalog and Sample Free.
Four 10c. FRANCIS BRILL, Hempstead, N. V.

DflTATflEC Rrown especially for SEED. 15
rUlHI Utw varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

VEGETABLE PLANTS.

Asparagus, Conover’s,' Palmetto, very strong, healthy,
one year old, 1,00015; Rhubarb. Victoria, strong roots,
100 $5. Millions of Celery, Cabbage. Pepper.Eggplant,
Sweet Potato. Send for free list. Hoiserad'sh
Sets, 53 per 1000. LUDVIG MOSBASK, Onarga, Ill.

FEAR TREES

A No. 1 Stock, 2,000 Le Conte, 1,500 Bartlett, 800 B.
D. Anjou, 200 Seckel, 200 Lawrence, 300 B. Clairgeau,
all 2 years 34 and up. No scale or blight. Thrifty,
grand stock. Free catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, New Jersey.

If You Are Planting;

STRAWBERRIES

you cannot get better plants, better varieties, or bet¬
ter service at the lowest price. See list. Address

WM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del.

NONE BETTER THAN

FAIRVIEW FARM SEED POTATOES

And prices are moderate. Send for descriptive price
list. F. H. THOMSON & SON. Fairview Harm .Hol¬
land Patent, N. Y

TREES. No. 1 at 3c, medium size 2X4C
and No. 2 at IHjc each. Trees kept
dormant until after May 15. Circu¬
lar free. R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del.

GREAT SCOTT

a new Strawberry.

S. H. WARREN,
Weston, Mass.

r

Fill Your
Silo With
Sweet Com

It has been recommended by the majority
of 'Experimental Stations that sweet Corn
fodder is the most desirable for ensilage pur¬
poses. A large crop the past season gave us
an exceedingly fine sample of Evergreen
Sweet Corn which we now quote for ensilage
purposes at $2 per bushel, f. o. b. here. No
charge for sacks. While we have a large
stock we feel this special price will move It
quickly. Therefore, advise prompt orders

W. Atlee Burpee & Co,

Seedgrowers
PHILADELPHIA,

PENNA.

OrrnO — I offer Seeds of SUPERIOR quality
at money-saving price — order now.
VkbUV New White Waverly Seed Oats yield
over 80 bushels to the acre in this county, $1 .25 per bu. ;
Timothy. Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Red Top, Orchard
Grass, 2 or 6-rowed Barley, Beardless Barley, Iowa
Gold Mine Corn, Cream of Ensilage Corn. Learning
or Pride of the North Corn, Spring Rye, Spring Wheat,
Field Corn, Yellow or White, Sweet Corn, Golden Mil¬
let, Hungarian, at very reasonable prices; Early Seed
Potatoes, 75c.; Champion Peas, $2.50; Potato Planters,
$2: Field Peas, $1.50; Mangel Beet, 20c. ; Calf-Weaners,
30c.; Cow -Weaners, 50c.; Gaboon Seed-Sowers, $1.50;
Stock Labels, $4,50 per 100; Sheep Din, 50c. per pkt.
Everything for the farm, garden and lawn. Cata¬
logue free. Established nearly forty years.

F. A. EBLING, Syracuse, New York
Wholesale and Retail Dealer and Importer.

FINE QUALITY SEED.

All Recleaned and Tested. Special Pbices to Far¬
mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy, Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, Redtop, Kentucky Blue-Grass, German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats; Learning, Pride of the North, Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and all kinds of Flint and Sweet Corn; all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape,
Onion Seed. ESTniplements for Farm, Garden and
Lawn. Catalogue free. CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224
James Street, Syracuse, New York.

GARDEN, Field and
^ Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Reardless
Spring Harley, Hlue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Red Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, and Oats in car
lots track your station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.
115-117 St. Clair Street, Toledo, Ohio.

Dibble’s Seed Corn

Mammoth Eight Rowed Yelloiv Flint, the best
flint corn in cultivation. Matures 100 days, stalks 8
to 10 feet high, ears 10 to 18 inches in length. Bushel,
$2; 2 bushels, $3; 10 bushels, $13.50. Dibble’s Eighty
Day Dent, earliest Dent Corn in the world Fully
ripe in Western New York Sept. 1, standing 11 feet
high on the average. This is the Corn for a short
season. 1 bushel, $2; 2 bushels, $3.50; 10 bushels, $15.
Improved Early Learning, matures in 100 days.
Stalks 10 to 15 feet high. Best corn for ensilage where
a great mass of fodder is desired. 1 bushel, $1.75; 2
bushels, $3; 10 bushels, $13. Our corn is pedigree
seed, each ear hand selected, tip and butt kernels
taken off. All seed tested, germinates 90 to 98 per
cent. Catalog free.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower

Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

Willowda le Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayman, Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berberis Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKESTRAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Penna.

HOYTS NURSERIES

have a reputation for First-Class Stock
and Fair Dealing extending over half a
century and maintained by three genera¬
tions. We have more than 500 acres — the
largest nursery in New England. A full
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees,
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals.

No order too large or none too small to receive
personal attention. Write us about your needs
for spring planting— Advice in selections aLd
Catalogue — Free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

New Canaan Conn.

100,000 PEACH

Five sizes, 1 foot up, including 20,000 EL-
BERTA. Price away down.

15,000 JAPAN PLUM

Five sizes, 3 feet up: Abundance, America,
Apple, Bartlett, October Purple, Climax, Chaleo,
Red June, Satsuma and Wickson.

50,000 APPLE

Four sizes, 3 feet up. Leading kinds.

15,000 CHERRY

Four sizes, 3 feet up. SWEET: Tartarian,
Schmidt, Napoleon, Governor Wood, Downer, Y.
Spanish and Windsor.

SOUR: Montmorency, Ea. Richmond, Dye-
house, May Duke, Olivet and English Morello.

3,000 QUINCE

Three sizes, 2 feet up.

Free catalogue. State size wanted and how many
trees; we'll name best price obtainable.

They are true to name, clean, bright, young, thrifty
and fumigated. None better at any price; no scale.

WOODVIEW NURSERIES

B. 3. Mt. Holly Springs, Fa.

0 0

worth

Roses 30c

To introduce our
famous C. & J.
Roses into flow-1
~er gardens everywhere,
we make this unprece¬
dented offer:

6 Choice EverBIoomingRoses

including 1 Beauty of Rosemawr, rich, varie¬
gated carmine, iMrs. B.It. Cant, intense cherry
red. also 1 yellow. 1 pink, 1 white, 1 variegated,
all first-class kinds, some new.

A Book on Roses, full of valuable Information,
a 25c Coupon Kood Oil first »1 order, also our
New Floral Guide, 136 pages of 600 choice plants
for improving Home Grounds.

Alt the above for 30 cents.

Only one order to a cust< mer. You’ll want more
C.&J - Roses— that’s why we. do it. Write today

The Conard & Jones Co.,

“G rowers of the Best Roses in America”

I Highest Award Box 4 West Grove, Pa.

St. Louis, 1904. ’

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000. to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock, f’rices low; quality
best. Write for new 190o Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Baldwin Apple Trees at Bargain Prices

We have a surplus of first-class Baldwin Apple Trees
which we offer at $1.75 per 12, or $13 per 100. We offer
first-class medium sized Baldwin Apple Trees at $1.50
per 12. or $11 periOO. We offer Early Richmond and
Montmorency Cherry Trees, large size at $2.50 per 12,
$18 per 100. We offer you 6 Thanksgiving Prune Trees,
large size, $1.98, regular price, $3. 200 Pineapple

Strawberry Plants for 98c, or 500 for $1.75. Twelve
Grape Vines, red, white and black, for $1. All other
kinds of plants, vines and trees are sold. Please
send for our Free Catalogue.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

Dr APU TDCre Afuinineof varie-
rtHL»n I riLCO ties, new and old
APPLE TREES,

Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties.

QUINCE TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry* O.

The BEST RASPBERRY

is Plum Farmer, early, large, enormously
productive. Catalog of raspberry, straw,
berry and other berry plants free. Write.

L. J. FARMER, PULASKI, NEW YORK

ASPARAGUS s RHUBARB ROOTS

Large, Healthy Stock, Leading Varieties. Prices
reasonable. H. D. CULIN, Mt. Holly, N. J.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows In NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
’ fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
’ button to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope .N ur»erle»,
Drawer 1044 - I, Kochestvr, N.Y.

Established l8Jfi,

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES.
SHRUBS . VINES & ROSES.

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue F'REE
on request. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, New York.

TREES! TREES! BARGAINS IN TREES!

1000 Ben Davis 34 in. 5 to 7 feet: 1000 Baldwin 34 in. 5 to 7 feet; 1500 Gano 34 in. 5 to 7 feet: 400 Smiths Cider
34 in. 5 to 7 feet, all three year old, clean, smooth and handsome, and the very best to be had at any price, must
he sold as we cannot carry them in the Nursery row another year on account of them getting too large to
handle, and they may go at $8 per 100. Order filled the same day as received. No scale and no disease; also
200 Burbank, 200 Wickson, 100 Hale Plum Trees, 4 to 6 feet, at $10 per 100. This offer closes April 25. Let us
have your order promptly. Address THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penna.

$5 Per 100 . SCH!

Apples, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop¬
lars. Healthy, true to name ana Fumigated All
kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free.

RELIANCE NURSERY’, . . . • « « « « Box 10, Genevan New York^

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

337

“CHEMICALS AND CLOVER” UP-
TO-DATE.

Development of a Fertilizer Farm.

Part V.

A number of interesting questions have
been received concerning this fertilizer
farming. Here is one from Massachu¬
setts :

If I understand the article corerctly the
enclosed would be the true plan of work for
the five years’ rotation. Will you advise me
if I am correct ?

Spring Work — 1st year, plowing and plant¬
ing potatoes; 2d year, seeding clover; 3d
year, none ; 4th year, none ; 5th year, plow¬
ing and planting corn.

Harvest — 1st year, potatoes; 2d year,
wheat; 3d year, clover; 4th year, Timothy;
5th year, corn.

Fall Work — 1st year, plowing and seeding
wheat and Timothy ; 2d year, none ; 3d year,
none; 4th year, plowing; 5th year, plowing
(for potatoes.)

The item of Fall work is wrong. We
have explained that Mr. Lewis does not
plow in the Fall. The manure is hauled
out in August and spread on the Timothy
sod, but this is not plowed until Spring.
The same is true of the corn ground. It
is seeded to Crimson clover at the last cul¬
tivation of the corn, and left with this
crop until Spring. The only working of
the ground in the Fall is fitting the potato
ground for wheat and grass. It is a part
of this rotation to keep the soil constantly
covered as far as possible with some
growing crop. Thus two-fifths of the
farm is plowed every Spring.

This same rotation would not be profit¬
able or even possible in some more north¬
ern latitudes, because in such places wheat
seeding comes before potatoes are ready
to harvest. Mr. Lewis is obliged to raise
early varieties in order to follow them
with wheat. The early varieties are not
usually the heaviest yielders, and one year
with another they do not bring the best
prices. Under this system there is less
opportunity to hold potatoes for a higher
price than there would be with the later
crop.

Under this system the direct loss of
plant food from the farm is heavy. The
potatoes, grain and hay take away large
quantities of fertility. Practically nothing
except the cornstalks and some of the
clover hay remain on the farm as manure.
We get a new idea of what Alfalfa can do
for a farm when it is said that if Alfalfa
will thrive it will enable Mr. Lewis to sell
more hay than ever, and still add fertility
to the farm. This loss of plant food is
made up by the use of fertilizers. As we
have seen, the farm grows more produc¬
tive with each round of the rotation. The
value of the crop sold is more than three
times the value of the purchased fertiliz¬
ers, with a balance of plant food always
in favor of the farm. This is the keynote
of this rotation — the purchase of plant
food in one form and the selling of it in
another.

This system is the reverse of that fol¬
lowed by many good farmers. They be¬
lieve in feeding all that is grown upon the
farm, and using the manure to keep up
the soil. Such men aim to sell the crops
which take least away from the farm, such
as milk, meat, butter or fruit. Those two
systems are coming closer together. For
example, Mr. Lewis has found it profit¬
able to cut up and feed the cornstalks in
order to save their feeding value. On the
other hand, many stockmen or dairymen
find it profitable to sell their Timothy hay
and use fertilizers to offset the loss to the
farm. Thus it is becoming more and
more a matter of calculation, because it
has been demonstrated that fertilizers
wisely used in a rotation will make a
profitable, substitute for manure. A farmer
who is obliged to feed and care for a large
number of stock may well consider what
this chemicals and clover system saves in
labor. With modern machinery this sys¬
tem could be arranged so that a man and
a boy, with extra help in haying and po¬
tato harvest, could do practically all of the
work on a fair-sized farm. On many
farms a large share of the labor is de¬

voted to saving and handling the manure
which is to keep up the farm fertility.
Suppose this labor were largely eliminat¬
ed. It is easy to see how the cost of
farming could be reduced.

Mr. Jamison, of Ohio, has told us how
he saves much of this bill by turning hogs,
sheep or other- stock into the fields to har¬
vest his grain and grass for him. It
would not pay him to do this if he could
obtain the prices for hay which eastern
farmers receive, and it would not pay Mr.
Lewis to feed all his hay crop at home.
Thus it will be seen that no cast-iron rule
can be laid down for farmers, and Mr.
Lewis’s experience has done as much as
anything to show that the old rule of sell¬
ing nothing away from the farm is not
absolute.

This chemicals and clover system could
be so carried out that two men, each with
only one leg, could do all the work of
growing 20 acres of potatoes up to the
point of picking up the tubers. They
could do this year after year, and leave
the soil better than they found it !

_ h. w. c.

White Oak Starves Grass.

IF. J. J., Johnson City, Tenn. — Why is it
that nothing will grow under a White oak
tree? Could we do anything to improve this
condition short of cutting down the tree?
A Black walnut appears to have an opposite
effect on soil, the best grass is sometimes
found under this tree.

Ans. — 1 he White oak. Soft maple and
some other forest trees have many feeding
roots near the surface and few plants are
able to grow under them. It is quite use¬
less to apply fertilizer under trees of this
kind — the tree roots soon appropriate it,
and the grass starves out. Very frequent
top-dressing may keep up a show of
herbage, but the main effect is to stimulate
the trees. The best plan is to cut down
the trees where they can be spared and
replant with deeper rooting kinds like the
Pin oak or Norway maple. Black walnut
roots run rather deep, and grass usually
grows well under the trees if headed rea¬
sonably high, but farm crops seldom
amount to much even in Black walnut
shade.

Go Slow!

Do not think of buying a. machine
for drilling for water, oil or any
other purpose without first inves¬
tigating our great

«

CLIPPER

and

“Advance”

Machines.

They are by far
the greatest
Drills overpro¬
duced.

LOOMIS
MACHINE CO.,
TIFFIN, OHIO.

AGENTS FINE SAMPLE SENT ANYWHERE,

ON RECEIPT OF

41.50

/O

_ to ;

-"7

^ oL y £ ^ > 5] ;

1JU LU LU d t: 2: Q/ Ct-

T00i

is

flATi Tool co.

THREE RIVERS. MICH.

Harrows $5.80 Up

Cut this out and send to ua
with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
knownKalainazoo manufactured
high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

Prlcel6Tooth Not Lined, *5.80
“ 18 “ “ 6.30

“ 20 “ “ 6.80

24 “ » 8.75

Price, Lined

. S 6.40
. 7.00

. 7.60

10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land InN. Y.,Pa..
y> .V a., and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

,, Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md., for *1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 25 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
neadff uarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm- It’s
free. CASH S||pPLY & MFG. CO.

406 5-awrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

The name Keen Kutter
eliminates all uncertainty in tool buying.

As this brand covers a complete line of tools, all you need remem¬
ber in buying a tool of any kind is the one name Keen Kutter.
Keen Kutter T ools are without reserve or qualification the
best tools that money, brains and skill can produce. No
matter how much you pay, no matter who you may
have thought to be the best maker of a particular kind
of tool, you cannot get any tool, anywhere, better
than those sold under the name of Keen Kutter.

If your dealer doesn't keep Keen Kutter tools
write us and we will see that you are supplied.

Tools received the Grand Prize at the St. Louis Exposition— the only such award ever oiven a complete

line of tools.

^Some kinds of Keen' Kutter Tools
Chisels, Knivesof all kinds,

Hair Clippers, Scissors,

Shears, Adzes, Axes,

Brush Hooks, Chop¬
pers, Corn Knives,

Cleavers, Hay
Knives, Scythes,

Sans, H orse
Shears, Tool
Cabinets,

Etc.

VKttnk

KyTHR

SIMMOrJS HARDWARE COMPANY

"The

Recollection
of Quality
Remains Long
After the
Price is
Forgotten.”

Trade Mark Registered.

St. Louis, Mo. 298 Broadway, N. Y.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

S5 Warren St., New York. 539 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 North tlh St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Tenieute-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

EASY WAY TO HANDLE HAY

The heavy crops of tame hay most farmers raise nowadays make
the handling proposition an important one. There’s an easy
way— a money-saving, time-saving way to handle hay. We
would like to tell you about it, and how cheap you can buy it.

HANDLES
HAY

'Sfljdd&i

The Strickler way is worth knowing. Our catalog tells you how— tells
all about the new Improvements on the Strickler Ilav Tools The
-Strickler- is the original hay carrler-it’s always bcen tlfe bes bu the
new improvements make it even better. Write for free catalog today
— it describes the Strickler way to handle hay. J

Strickler Hay Tool Co., Box l OO, Janesville, Wis.

izj

DoIjOACTI

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 II. P. and up. Shingle
planing, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hay j
k Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,^

DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga- *

Look at
Sprocket
Drive

the Big
and Chain
below.

Ours is the only Manure
Spreader made pos¬
sessing this advantage.

v*

m

The Success Manure Spreader

is the one to buy. These are among the reasons why: It is the result of 26 years of continuous Manure
spreader making. It covers every requirement and every condition for the spreading of all kinds of ma¬
nure, lime, piaster, ashes, salt, fertilizer, etc., broadcast or in drills. Spreads thick or thin as wanted.
Apron returns automatically. Spreads largest load in 3 to 6 minutes. Strongest, easiest to load, spreads
most evenly and has lightest draft. Made in 4 sizes to suit requirements of all sections. All about it and
much more of value in our free book, "Farm Fertility," Write for it.

KEMP A BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 38, SYRACUSE, N. V.

338

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

“Made in Germany" is the inscription
seen on many articles sold in this country,
particularly toys. The United States is the
best customer of Germany in this special line,
as our consul-general at Frankfort states that
during the past year we imported $4,000,000
worth of these toys. The wages paid em¬
ployees working on dolls and similar toys
range from $1.25 to $7 per week. Another
important item is chinaware made in Sonne-
berg, which we imported to the value of $13,-
250,000 last year.

Butter. — Extra creamery has made an¬
other advance, four cents this time. This
rise has affected under grade creamery and
to some extent State dairy. The advance is
caused by a decided shortage with no pros¬
pect of full supplies in the near future.

Potatoes. — The market continues dull and
weak. Holders are getting rid of their old
stock as rapidly as possible, and there is no
prospect of any improvement for some time.
A good many potatoes have been frosted, not
badly enough to injure their keeping qualities,
but just enough to give them a sweetish taste,
whicjj 1 have heard a number of buyers object
to. The probability of injured vitality from
frost will doubtless result in less common
stock being used for seed. With the specially
cated-for seed as cheap as at present, it will
not pay to use culls or general eating stock.
Choice seed here ranges from $2 to $2.50 per
105-11). sack, and I have seen some very fair
seed bought for $1.75. These sacks run five
to ten pounds short of the claimed weight,
owing to shrinkage or short weight on the
start.

Strawberries. — Fruit from the Carolinas
has been here for several days. The highest
recent prices have been for Charleston berries
in refrigerator chests, not that there was
any special virtue in this form of package,
but because the fruit happened to be the
finest here at the time. Open crate berries
come in even better condition in refrigerator
cars when properly handled. The ice chest
is a convenient package for sections where
owing to small acreage or earliness of season
carload lots cannot be had. “Jersey” berries
have been sold here for several weeks. Dur¬
ing the latter part of March Washington
market retailers were selling what they claim¬
ed to be nearby fruit. Most, buyers merely
grinned at this, knowing that Jersey plants
were just thinking of making a Spring start,
but now and then one with limited horti¬
cultural information evidently swallowed the
story, the unusually warm weather at the
time making it more plausible.

Apples. — The market is in poor condition
except on fancy grades, which are scarce.
Common storage apples are showing consider¬
able rot and wither. The percentage of loss
in many barrels is large, and buyers discount
the fruit accordingly. New York is a poor
place to ship rotten apples to. With any
adequate enforcement of existing health laws
much of this stuff would be seized and thrown
into the dump which would be a good thing
for both growers and dealers. With the large
orchard areas now coming into bearing, closer
sorting than formerly will be necessary in
full crop seasons. Years ago there was com¬
paratively little uniform butter, and much
of that offered was of a low grade. Now the
creameries turn out tons of butter which
varies but little in quality, and this has
pushed the low grade dairies to one side.
Something of this sort is sure to take place
in the apple market. The choice fruit will
sell, and those who store low grades or ship
mixed or inferior lots will lose money. April
8 an apple was picked up under a tree at
the writer’s home, which bad been lying there
all Winter. It was sound, firm and of fair
flavor, but little injured by its long outdoor
cold storage. Possibly it was under a big
snowbank all Winter, though I am not certain
oi this. It is a small natural fruit and
makes very good eating late in the Fall.

Effect of Steamship War. — The rate war
1)0 tween the Cnnard Line and a combination
oj other steamer companies cut seriously into
the profits, as it is stated that the Cunard
Go. will pay no dividend this year. The
expenses incident to operation of a first class
passenger line are enormous. The captain
and some of the other officers are high priced
men: harbor and dockage charges are heavy;
fuel Is a b'~ item, and a surplus of both this
and food must be carried to provide for de¬
lays. Considering the' expenses and service
given, normal passenger rates across the
Atlantic are low compared with railroad
transportation, and thus far patrons of
transatlantic lines have had the benefit of
sharp competition and frequent cut rates.

Selling Fresh Eggs. — “I would like to
get a private trade for strictly fresh eggs.
Could T get some restaurants to send them to
and guarantee them to be fresh?” G. R.

New York.

This is a matter of interest to a good many
people who keep 100 to 200 hens, give them
good care, gather the eggs regularly, and do
not mix^in “stolen” nests or nest eggs. They
rightly feel that such eggs ought to bring
more than the common run, where no spec¬
ial care is taken to avoid mixing In stale
eggs. The plan of working up a private
family trade in the city sounds attractive,
and some have carried it out with success.
In Chanter 15 of “The Business lien" Mr.
Kice tells some of the ups and downs of this
private family trade, showing that there are
more downs than might be supposed. This
business is pretty well covered by Long
Island and other nearby poultrymen. The
hotel and restaurant trade does not pan out
so well as might be expected. In order to
interest a buyer for such a concern a
producer would have to guarantee a certain
supply regularly and always up to standard.
Some wjio have tried this have yielded to the
suggestion to patch out a scanty supply
some weeks by buv ng from a neighbor’s yard,
with the result that a stale egg or two got
in and ruined the reputation of the brand.
Rut there is another unexpected snae in this
hotel trade, viz. graft, of a most able-bodied
tvne. Many hotel buyers “stand in” with
all sorts of supnly dealers, and the one
who gives the biggest personal “hand-out"
to its buyer gets the order, even though his
nnces are higher than those of a competitor.
This has contributed largely to the failure
of many hotels. The proprietor is unable to
prevent it. because he cannot oversee all the
details himself, and the system of graft runs
from the supply store to the kitchen. The
chef is in the deal and knows how to make
a competitor's supplies make a bad showing.
Rut there are some egg dealers and general
commission men who have a special trade in

the grade of eggs mentioned by the inquirer,
and often better returns may be had in this
way, with less trouble than any other. Ship¬
ments are made to them once or twice a
week, and the eggs graded as to color, white
being preferred here. The inquirer has been
given several such names and any other read¬
er may have them on request. H.

Cleaning Oats of Smut. — We have often
described the method of jireventing oat smut
by the use of formalin and water. The or¬
dinary method is to use about one pint of
formalin in 20 to 25 gallons of water, throw
the oats on the floor and sprinkle them thor¬
oughly with the solution. The oats are then
thrown into a pile, covered with a blanket or
sack for an hour, and then spread out to
dry. When thoroughly done, this operation
kills most of the smut germs, and very little
will lie found at the harvest. The Indiana
Experiment Station tells in Bulletin No. 103,
how this treatment is done on a large scale
in an elevator. The oats are dropped down
through a vertical chimney which is about
three feet square and 40 to 50 feet high.
Alongside ot this chimney are placed shelves
or deflectors sloping downward on alternate
sides so that the grain as it drops from the
top, is tossed from side to side and thor¬
oughly mixed. As it falls from the t op a
solution of one pint of formalin to 25 gallons
of water is sprayed upon the oats from a
small steam pump. The rate of this spray
is regulated and as the oats are thoroughly
tossed about on their way through the chim¬
ney, when they reach the bottom they are
thoroughly mixed. The grain at the bottom
of the drop stands in a bin for not less than
two hours. It is then fit to be used
as seed, or if not dry it is again run through
the chimney, this time treated to a blast of
dry air. After drying the oats may be kept
for a long time. They are not injured for
feeding and are fit for seeding. This rapid
method for treating oats is ofl great advan¬
tage to farmers, who may if they like, take
their seed to the elevator and have it treated
at a low cost. Experiments have also been
made in treating the oats with sulphur
fumes. This brightens and cleans the oats,
but is not so effective as the formalin in
destroying the smut germ.

If you can’t
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
yourown lines. Book of instruction
free. Writo nearest office.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO,

152 St. Clair St. .Cleveland, O.

440 Main St., Dallas, Texas

No leaks

n o trouble,
n o repairs.
Stands heat,
cold, rain or
sun.

^rrow Brand Asphalt Ready Roofing

he cheapest good rooting. Outlasts shingles.
Stands rough use. 8and or gravel surface. The price
s all right. Send for samples, booklet and prices.
\sphalt Ready Roofing Co., 80 Pine Street, New York

FREE PAINT SAMPLE OFFER

Cut this ad. out
I and mall to us, and
we will send you
1 FREE, by return
mall, postpaid,
our Big. New
I Paint ColorSam-
lple Book. Tills
Ifree book con-
’ talus samples
showing the ex¬
act color of every
shade of ready mix¬
ed House. Barn.
G raphlte-Creosote.
Floor. Root. Min¬
eral, Enamel a nd
1 Buggy Paint, also
everything In paint
and painters’ supplies, Including oils, leads, varnishes,
dry colors, stains, brushes, sundries, etc.

FREE BOOK HOW TO PAINT. With the color limplt
book we will also send you our free book How to Paint,
showing by moans of pictures and simple directions ]ust
how anyone without any previous experience can do a
fine job, also just how much paint Is required to cover a
given space, llow to order, how to select colors, kind of
paint to buy, all valuable Information, makes everything
60 plain that nnyono can order and do the work successfully.

- per gallon for highest grade Seroco Weather-

proof Mineral. Barn. Roof and Fence Paint,
per gallon for highest grade ready mixed house

_ paint. Our Seroco. our own special ready mixed

mint for houses, for wood, brick, stone or Iron surfaces,
for finest Inside finish or coarsest outside work, Is sold
under our binding guarantee as the best paint made,
will cover double the surface, last twice as long, at one-
half the cost of other paint, never cracks, peels or blis¬
ters, guaranteed for five years, and will look better at
the end of five years than other paintwill after one year.
Testimonials from painters everywhere and color sam¬
ples of Seroco In our free color sample book. If you
want to paint your house, barn or other buildings, don't
fail to get thosa 2 BIG FREE PAINT BOOKS and SAVE
ONE-HALF ON THE PAINT YOU NEED^Add rets,

SEARS,’ ROEBUCK & CO. J^ILUNCHS.'

50c

85c

Fc

FOR SALE

'—CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50
bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

. Milford, Delaware.

POTATOES — Best early and late, Fine
Stock. 40 find 50 cents a bushel. Write.
McAdams Seed Co., Columbus Grove, O.

NEW HOME STRAWBERRY SVvVtt's

PLANT FARM. Athenia. N. J.

Leggett’s Dusters

Distribute Insecticides
In Dust Form.

No Barrel of Water to Haul.

Several styles for garden, field or orchard. Full line
of the needed powders. Also dry and liquid Bor¬
deaux Mixture Spray Calendar witli concise infor¬
mation on request.

LEGGETT & BRO., 301 Pearl St., N. Y.

tVVVVUWWWVVVWVVVVlUWWVVWj

1IOW TO MAKE A FRESH & PROPER

BORDEAUX

IN FIVE MINUTES

Booklet mailed free by addressing the publishers.

American Horticultural Distributing
Company

Martinsburg, - - - West Virginia.

SEED POTATOES

Irish Cobbler and Early Norther. Extra fine stock
grown on virgin soil. $1 per bushel; $2.50 per bbl.,
f .O.b. T. DRISCOLL. Kauneonga, Sull. Co., N. Y.

SEED POTATOES -Sir Walter Raleigh (the
leading late variety.) Pure selected Seed, $2.25
per barrel: 5-barrel orders at $2. In sacks, 00c. per bu.
Cash with order. Geo. M.Tallcot, Skaneateles, N. Y.

Choice Northern Grown Seed Potatoes

At 75c per bu. Six Weeks, Burpee’s Extra Early,
Bovee, Juno Eating, E. Surprise, E. Fortune, Carman
No. 1 and No. 3, World’s Superior.

MAPLE LAWN STOCK FARM. New Berlin, N. Y.

Potatoes — Blush. Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Harvest,
Ohio, Queen, 6 Weeks, 85 kinds. C W.Ford,Fishers,N.Y

Plant Northern Michigan Grown Seed Potatoes
Wonderfully productive, yield 350 bu. acre last year
Varieties Early Michigan, Ohio, Six Weeks, 60c bu.;
Late Beauty of Hebron, Superior, Carman No. 3,
Uncle Sam, 60c bu.; 100 Bu. Lots Carman No. 3 or
Uncle Sam, $40. H . BLEMHUBER & SON, Specialists,
Marquette, Michigan.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Climax at $2 p. 1000, and all other leading varieties.
Apply to D. RODWAY, Hartly, Delaware.

500,000 ASPARAGUS ROOTS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ CHEAP ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

ALL OTHER VEGETABLE PLANTS IN 8EASON.
I, & J. L. LEONARD, Ioua, New Jersey.

Strawberry Plants.

Commonwealth, Mead, and other varieties; Argen-
teuil and Palmetto Asparagus Roots.

GEORGE F. WHEELER, Concord, Mass.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price List.

J. E. HUTTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

THE PINEAPPLE FLAVORED
STRAWBERRY.

Plants for sale at S3 per 1000.

Plant the Pineapple Flavored Straw¬
berry.

Why shall I plant that variety ? It is
of superior quality, is of vigorousgrowth,
very productive of large, handsome, well-
formed strawberries. It is perfect in
blossom and will bear abundantly when
planted a one.

While it is a new variety to most people,
it is well known at Rochester, N. Y ,
where we have been testing it for ten
years, it is a valuable strawberry for
nearby markets and has sold for nearly
double the p; ice of ordinary sour berries.

We have thought so highly of this
Pineapple Flavored Strawberry we have
planted it largely, almost to the exclu¬
sion of many other varieties, hence we
can offer strong plants at 25 cts. per 12;
50 cts. per 100; 500 for Si. 50; or 1000 for
S3. Order plants now. Baldwin apple
trees in surplus of all sizes. Send for
free catalogue.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO.,

Rochester, New York.

FOR SALE

ierry Plants, all one stock

Strawberry Plan's
and Lucretia Dew-

Let your orders come.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample.
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSEE, Klnora. N. Y

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

per thousand,
liars free.
PINE HILL FRUIT FARM, Center Brook, Conn.

RAY PEACH

New to the market but very choice,
tested, 16 years a record bearer,
limited. Order early. Every
variety in our matchless peach cli¬
mate. Fine new catalog. Write for it.

Harrison’s Nurseries. Box 23, Berlin, Md

GRASS SEED

Choice re-cleaned seed for nil purposes.

Dreer’s Permanent pasture grass is recommended
to those who desire quick results. We furnish Grass
and Clover Seeds of all kinds and in any quantity
desired. Write for prices on any seed needed,

HENRY A. DREER, Pliila , Fa.

STUDEBAKER

'A MILLION

EVERY DAY.

There are more than a million Studebaker
vehicles in daily use the world over. More
Studebakers are sold every year than any other
make. And yet within the memory of many men
who read this, the Studebaker shop was a little, one-
man, country’ smithy 1 Doesn’t that suggest to you
that the Studebaker must be about right? Well, it is ;
just as good as expert workmen can make from the
choicest materials, most rigidly inspected.

The Studebakers are the largest buyers of vehicle
materials in the world. They get first pick and they’re
mighty particular about what they take. They have
behind them and bred into the bone of them, the
tradition that it’s a sin to let a piece of work go out of
the factory that is not as nearly perfect as human skill
can make it. That’s why they keep more inspectors
at work than some factories keep hands.

If you’re thinking of buying a farm wagon, a spring
wagon, a surrey, a buggy, a family carriage, a vehicle
of any kind for business or pleasure, or a set of har¬
ness, talk it over with the Studebaker agent. You
don’t make such a purchase very often; do it right
while you’re about it. Ask him for the Studebaker
Almanac for 1905. If he can’t supply you send your
name and address with a 2c. stamp to us and a free
copy will be sent you. Address Dept. No. 54

Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., South Bend, Ind.

Agencies 'most everywhere.

A dealer may make more by selling you some other, but you make the most
by buying a Studebaker.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

339

GUARDING AGAINST CABBAGE
MAGGOT.

L. B., Woodridge, N. J. — Is there any way
of guarding against the Cabbage maggot?
It has caused quite a lot of damage to our
crops, especially cabbage, turnips and black
radishes.

Ans. — The simplest, most practicable,
and efficient preventive method for the
Cabbage maggot that I have tested is the

Goff tarred paper card method. This con¬
sists simply of a small card of ordinary
tarred paper, which is so cut as to be
quickly and closely applied around the
stems of cabbages or cauliflowers and
pressed closely down to the ground. This,
when properly applied, effectively prevents
the adult insect or fly from laying its
eggs at the base of the plant. A handy
tool has been devised for cutting these
cards rapidly; it is illustrated in the figure.
These cards should be applied as soon
as the plants are set out, and care should
be taken in putting them on, and also in
cultivating the plants so as not to get
any dirt around the top of the cards.
This method has been used on a large
scale, some growers using many thousands
of the little cards. Practically all other
efficient methods of fighting this pest did

not act as preventives, but as killing
agents on the maggots. The best and
cheapest insecticide I have used for this
purpose is an emulsion made of one
pound of hard soap dissolved in one
gallon of hot water, into which one pint
of crude carbolic acid is then poured,
and the whole agitated into an emulsion.
Take this stock emulsion and dilute one
part with 30 equal parts of water, and pour
this mixture freely around the bases of the
plants as soon as any signs of the maggot

appear. The mixture is cheap, and can be
freely used without injury to the plants.
It would be a good practice, where the
maggots are almost sure to appear each
year, to make the first application soon
after the plants are set out, and repeat it
once a week or 10 days until about June
first, in New York. Either of tfie above
methods will prove effective in controlling
the Cabbage maggot. As it is the same
insect which infests radishes and turnips,
the carbolic acid emulsion can also be
used on these plants with success where
the card method would be impracticable.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Grafting Apples; Cultivating Horseradish.

M. 8. F., Kingston, Mass. — I have a Tol-
man Sweet apple tree that always bears, but
the fruit is woody, and I have a Golden
Russet that does the same. If I have them
grafted with good fruit, will the old trees’
habit affect the fruit of the new graft? 2.
How can I raise horseradish? Is it best
to plant seed or get plants and how is it
prepared for use? I buy it in bottles.

Ans. — 1. If your Tolman and Russet
trees bear knotty or woody apples there
must be something wrong with the soil
or location, and grafting them over with
scions from other trees of the same varie¬
ties would not be likely to help matters.
Both kinds make good stocks for top¬
working, and if grafted with other good
varieties may bear good fruit. 2. Horse¬
radish is always grown from divisions or
root cuttings, as it seldom produces seeds.
Procure some fresh roots, the thickness of
a lead pencil, cut them in lengths of four or
five inches and plant them about 20 inches
apart in rich soil, small end downwards,
and cover top end about two inches deep.
Roots will form and tops come through in
a few weeks and make fine plants by Fall.
The roots may be dug any time in Winter
or Spring, washed, scraped and grated.
The grated root when moistened with vin¬
egar is ready for the table. Horseradish
root-cuttings ready for planting are sold
by most seedsmen.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

Thoughtful

People

DUG 125 bii. POTATOES
IN ONE HOUR

Battle Creek, Mich., November 12. 1902.
I dug 000 bushels of Carman No. 3 potatoes in less than five hours’
work one day last week. How’s that for the “Hoover” in heavy,
stony ground? Hon. J. H. Brown.

The "HOOVER” POTATO DIGGER is the only digger that successfully separates the
potatoes from the vines, weeds and other foul matter, the potatoes being delivered behind the
machine, in a narrow row on clean ground, while the vines are carried to one side. Growers of
potatoes should give this improvement great weight in buying a “DIGGER,” The HOOVER is
provided with Hide-hill spurs when desired, which enables the farmer to dig on hillsides with¬
out sliding;.

THE

“HOOVER”

POTATO DIGGER

Is sold on a
liberal guarantee.

TRY IT
BEFORE YOU
BUY IT.

THE “HOOVER”
POTATO SORTER

Is “just the thing” for sorting and cleaning
potatoes. The small potatoes, dirt, etc., pass
through into the basket under the machine,
while the good potatoes pass into the other
basket, or into a shoot and thence into the
cellar. Send for FREE catalogue, it tells all
about the Sorters and is full of views describ¬
ing and showing Diggers at work in the held.
You'll want to read it before you buy a Digger
or Sorter. Write for it to-day.

the HOOVER=PROUT CO.,

Avory; - - Olxio

With the improvements put on the "HOOVER” DIGGER the past
season, we can confidently claim that it is away and by far the best
machine for digging potatoes overbuilt. And all we ask is a chance
to prove it to you by a test in your own field. We'll let you oper¬
ate it yourself and be the judge. The "HOOVER’’ POTATO DIGGER makes it possible to dig
potatoes in almost any kind of ground, in almost any kind of weather, and it means more money for
the farmer who raises j)otatoes on a large scale, because it reduces the cost of harvesting the crop.
It will pay farmers to investigate this machine right now before it's time to dig.

DO YOUR OWN THRESHING.

farmer to do his own threshing. Save expense and thresh whei
the time. No waiting for thejob thresher. Thresh for yourself and jour neighbor*. Clem
threshing, perfect cleaning. Grain ready for market. Capacity 200 to 600 bu. per day.
Threshes all grains and grass soeds. Runs by steam or other power. Tread powers for 1,2
or 3 horses. Can be-used for sawing, shelling, pumping, feed cutting, etc. Send for catalog, free.

1IEEBNER A 80X8, No. Z2 Broad St., Lanadale, Pa.

The two horse power Little
_ Thresher and Cleaner

when you have

MUST realize that there is
no quicker, easier, safer
way to secure an income
from their saving's and idle funds
than to open an account with this
strong bank at

4% INTEREST

payable semi-annually.

The hank has depositors all
over the world who make deposits
and withdrawals and receive
interest by mail.

Booklet H tells how to do
banking by mail. Write for it.

The Union
Savings Bank

Capital, $1,000,000.00
Frick Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.

A SCIENTIFIC BOOK telling how
to double crops and make poor
land rich by using

NITRO-CULTURE

Nitro-Culture is a harmless natural plant-
food gathering germ. Works among
plant roots — nourishes, invigorates the
crop — makes poor soil rich. Results
guaranteed or money back. $2 enough
for acre. Write for catalogue S. 2.

Alfalfa growers recommend it.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.,
West Chester, lJa.

COLUMBIA

Guaranteed
Two Years

Wire F ence 9Qf

48-in. stock fence per rod only ™

Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog of fences , tools ami suppl ies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO, Box 67, Leeabnrg, 0.

WONDERFUL
BUGGY OFFER

$0 075 Now Buys
W Our Great

COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Top Buggy on

30 DAYS’

FREE
TRIAL.

Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less
than 850.00.
fully describes it and 250
other styles of pleasure
and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There is as much difference between “Columbia" and
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toadstools.
Buy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no more than t lie unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply Co.so*Z^M,o.e'

OUR FREE CATALOG "

ANCHOR FENCE

‘D.”

is strong, durable and
h economical — made on
* a common sense plan.
Sold to you at manufac¬
turer’s price. Send to-day for Catalog
ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO., Cleveland ,0.

DIRECT TO YOU Price*. ^

We are not jobbers or assem¬
blers of other people’s goods—
nr we build vehicles in our own

J I -BAj factory. By buying direct from

" ■ b ns you get factory prices

with no middlemen's
profit, you get every¬
thing that is latest, best
und most durable. Our
large free cataloguetells

R ETa7l~P R I C E~S45T~j al! .abo<?t our no money

with order plan, freight
oiler, 2 years guaranty and how we ship anywhere
ON 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.

We make 140 styles of vehicles from $2!£.54> up and
100 styles of harness from ,4.40 up. Don’t buy a
vehicle or harness until you have heard from us.
Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

Concord Wagon No. 82 E

Buckboard No. 46 K

Spring Wagon No. 441 E

Runabout No. 54 K

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know we sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from Si 5 to 50 per eent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

We aro situated in tho vehicle center of tho
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making part* for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their construction— and then
wo sell them, direct from factory toyou,at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
system, you don't pay any traveling men's expenses,
dealer's profits, costof storageor handling. You simply
pay for the buifgy. And remember, we sell every¬
thing on one plan — an absolute guarantee of
satisfaction.

Writo today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue. We can show you what you want, at
tho price you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

Wo don't sell cheap harness, but wo sell No. 1 Har- |
ness, made right here in our Kalamazoo factory, at
tho prico others ask for cheap harness.

Our big general catalogue, No. C-86, will givo you best information and lowest prices on
everything for the homo and the farm. Askforit. It’sfrec.

CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO., 481 Lawrence Sq, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

34o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

Ruralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Profits of Asparagus. — I have a piece of
land, about two acres, in the edge of the city
of Springfield. The soil is light and sandy.
Could I raise asparagus on it to any advan¬
tage? What should be the income per acre
after commencing to cut? i. n\ b.

Springfield. Mass.

Considerable asparagus is grown near
the Rural Grounds in Monmouth Co.,
N. J., and under competent management
the crop returns a fair profit. Success¬
ful growers, having suitable land, are in¬
creasing their beds. One of the largest
growers, who already has 18 acres, is
planting 10 acres additional ; others are
extending their beds in like proportion.
1 he first cost of planting an acre aver¬
ages, locally, about $15. Some market¬
able shoots may be cut the second year
after planting, but it needs three or four
years for the roots to reach maturity.
They continue to produce freely for 10
to 12 years, after which they rapidly de¬
cline and cease to be profitable unless
replanted anew. The cost of maintain¬
ing the beds from year to year, including
fertilizers, averages about $35 an acre.
The average yield of beds in their prime
in ordinary years is about $300 an acre,
exclusive of the expenses of cutting,
packing and shipping the crop. Aspara¬
gus culture in the right locality, on the
right soil and conducted by the. right man,
is a satisfactory industry. There are
plenty of would-be growers, however,
who find no difficulty in making failures
with this crop.

About Water Glass. — The absolute
success attending almost every well-con¬
ducted experiment in preserving eggs
with water glass or silicate of soda has
excited much interest in this chemical,
and many correspondents seek informa¬
tion concerning it. Directions for the
use of this preservative have been fre¬
quently published in these columns dur¬
ing the last three years. There seems to
be little information concerning soluble
glass available in current literature, and
most reference books on chemistry treat
the subject very briefly. Water, or solu¬
ble, glass is a direct combination of silica
or ordinary glass sand with soda or pot¬
ash, and is made by melting the ingredi¬
ents together in a crucible at a high tem¬
perature. The resulting compound, when
cooled, resembles ordinary glass, but is
to a great extent soluble in water. It is
extensively used as a cement in the man¬
ufacture of artificial stone, and especially
in making emery or corundum wheels
and other abrasives, in fresco painting,
for fire-proofing fabrics, and as an in¬
gredient in scouring or silicate soap. In
medicine it has been used without much
success as an antiseptic, but is really val¬
uable in making bandage splints for frac¬
tures in place of starch or plaster of
Paris, as it is easily applied with a brush,
does not irritate, hardens quite promptly,
and can be removed when wanted by the
application of hot water.

Sodium Silicate Mostly Used. — The
silicates of soda and potash are quite
similar in appearance and properties, but
the sodium silicate is the cheaper and
for that . .ason most commonly used. The
standard solution kept by most dealers re¬
tails in pound or pint bottles for about
25 cents, in gallon to five-gallon lots at
five cents a pound, exclusive of cost of
container, and in barrels as low as 1$4
cent a pound, not including barrel. This
standard solution contains about 30 per

cent dry or crystal water glass, and 70
per cent water. It is a clear or slightly
yellowish liquid of about the consistency
of glycerine, somewhat caustic in its ac¬
tion on the hands, but not poisonous.
When diluted with nine or 10 times its
bulk of water it forms the best egg pre¬
servative yet tested. This solution does
not penetrate the shell, but apparently
seals the pores, and by its antiseptic ac¬
tion prevents the development of all
germs that may be present. A fresh egg
is aseptic inside, and if organisms of de¬
cay can be kept from growing through
the shell and attacking the albumen and
yolk it will keep indefinitely without
change. Eggs immersed in the solution
one year have the appearance and char¬
acter of fresh eggs. For about all culin¬
ary purposes these water-glassed eggs
are equal to any but the absolutely new-
laid article, and are vastly superior to
cold storage and “fresh” grocery eggs.
The palatable life of an egg in Summer
weather scarcely exceeds 10 days, unless
kept in a very cool place. After three
years’ trial we are convinced there is
less change during one year’s packing in
sodium silicate solution than in a week’s
exposure to the air at 70 degrees, as there
is no drying-out or shrinking of the con¬
tents. The R. N.-Y. has always advo¬
cated the home use of these preserved
eggs — the farmer to pack for Winter use
in April and May when abundant and
cheap. The high-priced Fall and Winter
eggs are then available for market where
they are always eagerly sought, but we
find there is likely to be a local demand
for water-glassed eggs at somewhat lower
prices, for kitchen uses, wherever their
excellent quality becomes known. Water-
glassed eggs consigned in some quanti'y
by a R. N.-Y. reader to a first-class New
York commission house last December
brought 30 cents a dozen, while guaran¬
teed fresh eggs were quoted at 36 cents,
wholesale. These eggs when packed in
April did not average in value more than
18 cents a dozen, the water-glass cost 50
a gahon, sufficient to cover about 75 doz¬
ens of eggs. Adding cost of container
and transportation of water glass from
the dealer, we find the cost of the ma¬
terial for preserving eggs by this proc¬
ess, when bought in gallon lots, does not
greatly exceed one cent a dozen, and
would be much decreased by operating on
a larger scale.

Preserve Only New-laid Eggs. — We
have emphasized this point before, and
feel justified in repeating it. No pre¬
serving process can improve a stale egg —
at most it can only stave off further un¬
pleasant changes. The egg is at its best
as supplied by the hen, and should only
be allowed to cool before placing in the
solution. We would not care to pack
eggs more than 24 hours old, and do not
think the process will prove satisfactory
for mixed lots of eggs of varying ages,
as collected by hucksters and dealers.
All eggs should be fresh and perfect
when they go in the solution, that they
may come out in like satisfactory condi¬
tion. Wooden or stoneware vessels are
recommended in which to pack the eggs.
Silicate of soda solution is alkaline, and
does not attack metal, but there is sup¬
posed to be danger of rust and discolora¬
tion from long use of metal vessels. Put
in the eggs from day to day as collected,
using a wooden spoon to avoid breakage.
See that the eggs are always covered with
the solution, and keep the vessels covered,
and in as cool a place in cellar or store¬
room as convenient. When taken out the
eggs should be rins°d in lukewarm water
to remove the water-glass, which other¬
wise would crystallize on the shell in
drying. We find the eggs keep about as
long when taken from the solution as per¬
fectly fresh eggs, and are rather improved
for some culinary purposes by drying for
a few days. w. v. f.

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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

34 1

Hope Farm Notes

Home Notes. — When I got back from Flor¬
ida the first thing I saw of Hope Farm
startled me. 1 got to the hill and looked
across the valley and saw a streak of white
running through the farm. It was too early
for apple bloom and for a moment I could not
think what it was. Then I knew that Uncle
George and Philip had been spraying with
limoid and kerosene. It looked from the hill
as if some mighty hand had daubed a brush
full of white paint across the farm. They
did a good job, and plastered those trees well.
In spite of a heavy two days’ rain the wash
is sticking still. Now' we shall see what hap¬
pens to the scale. We put on some lime and
sulphur also for comparison.

Spring came with a running jump when it
fairly started. The interval between snow-
drifts and green grass was shorter than I
ever knew before. One trouble this Spring
wras that we could not get into the orchards
to spray until late, and then the buds jumped
out so fast that we did not dare continue the
strong washes. With us this will mean more
or less Summer spraying with whale oil soap
and limoid and kerosene. . . . We never

were in better shape for Spring work. The
painting is all done and wrell done, and most
of the repairing is off our hands. The onion
plants have been started and the old chicken
yard fitted for strawberries. We have found
it a wise plan after keeping chickens in one
place for some years to move them to fresh
ground and use the abandoned yard for gar¬
den or fruit. I have heard people talk about
the “golden hoof” of the sheep, but a hen has
diamonds in her claws. No animal leaves
ground in better condition than the hen. It
is a mistake to keep hens too long on one
piece of ground. You lose too much fertility.
We are moving our hens to the big orchard.
The old vard will he well manured, plowed
and fitted — then Lyon will plant strawberries
in rows four feet apart and two feet In the
row. I used to plant onions and Nott’s Ex¬
celsior peas between the rows of strawber¬
ries, hut we gave that up. This year we ex¬
pect to plant Golden Bantam sweet corn be¬
tween the plants in the row. This small and
early corn will get out of the yard in time to
let the strawberries spread themselves.

Starting an Orchard. — I have the fol¬
lowing questions from Pennsylvania :

“Our orchard is yet in its prime, hut will
not remain so many years. I have ordered a
sufficient number of apple trees, largely Win¬
ter varieties of a reliable nurseryman in our
own county. My plan is to plant the new or¬
chard near the farmhouse. Cut the trunk
hack to two feet or less and head low. Mulch
from the beginning with shredded fodder, as
far as the branches reach. It seems to me
shredded fodder will be an ideal mulch, put
on about a foot deep. Would it not be best
to put air-slaked lime directly around the
trunk for six inches, keeping the shred fodder
off that distance? I will truck the orchard
for a few years, then seed it td clover and
mow it. leaving it all on the ground. The
ground has a sloping position to the south¬
west, free from stones, sandy underneath.
What do you think of my plan?” it. L. d.

You are wise to plant a young orchard.
Now that the scale and other insects are
spreading so rapidly, I do not believe we
can depend on many years of full service for
our orchards. I shall plan to push the trees
into hearing as early as possible, and plant
new trees each year. This is not so neces¬
sary with apple as with peach ; still. I believe
it wise to have young trees coming on all
the time. I would cut the roots off to corre¬
spond with the top pruning. I have not
found it any advantage to dig large holes
when the roots are well cut hack. Shredded
fodder makes a good mulch. I have not used
lime close around the tree. A mound of coal
ashes is good. If mice are numerous in your
neighborhood do not leave the mulch close
up around the trees. Lime may keep the
mice awav. though I have never tried it. It
is my belief that the mulch of shredded
fodder will give those trees a better chance
than thev would get if you cultivate close
up a round them. If you feed your truck
crops well you ought to have a fine orchard
in a few years.

A Pt.AYKD-ot'T Pear. — Here we have the
troubles of a New Hampshire man :

“I have an old pear tree that sets quite
full of fruit each year, and after the fruits
get about grown thev begin to crack all over,
so that they are utterly worthless. What
variety Is it and the cause? Would you cut
the tree down, or is there such a tiling as
grafting such an old tree, (it must be 30
vears old), as this so It would pay?”

o. G. K.

I imagine this variety is Flemish Beauty —
it being liable to act in* this way. If I had a
30-year-old tree of that habit I would cut it
down unless it happened to be in a place
where its shade is needed. These old trees
are hard to graft. They frequently make
but little new wood. It Is harder to top-
work them than it is to teach new tricks to
an old dog. I have some old pear trees that
seem to think they are entitled to a loaf in
exchange for the good they may have done
somebody else in years past. It seems im¬
possible to make them grow, and I shall cut
them down to make room for more vigorous
trees. I find some people unite a little ex¬
cited because Dr. Osier stated that men of (!0
ought to lie chloroformed! It might not be
a bad game to give some people just enough
of the vapor to send them Into a sleep long
enough to have a good hard dream. Let
them realize in their dream that while they
are no longer young in bodv. they are still
mere infants in wisdom, patience and spirit¬
ual power. Let them see that the trouble
with many elderly men is that they refuse to
fill the dignified place which Nature reserves
for old men and try to hold the young man’s
job too long.

“Fried Pies” Again. — Here we seem to
have the genuine article :

“If your inquirer about ‘fried pies’ treats
her husband to fried doughnuts or fried bread
she will continue to hear “mother” from him,
I’m thinking, for however good they may be,
the genuine ones are made like this: One
quart of flour, one egg, two teaspoonfuls bak¬
ing powder, salt, and mix with sweet milk to
roll out. My father’s mother used to fry the
dough in flat cakes and spread them with the
sauce, in layers like short-cake, but I never
heard of anyone else doing so. If you have
room please print the recipe, that the poor
man rnav have a taste once more of a real,
Rhode Island fried pie.” mahde l. mowry.

I heard a man make a speech once in which
he claimed with great eloquence that the
three noblest words in the language are
mother, home and heaven ! The home In

which the wife is constantly reminded of
what mother did can hardly be considered a
heavenly place — especially by the wife. If
a fried pie will keep one these gentlemen — -
who suddenly discover what a great woman
mother was after they are married — quiet, I
am glad to give the recipe. Not long ago a
good friend found fault because we did not
condemn intemperance in eating. What will
he say when his wife makes one of these
Rhode Island fried pies?

Planting Potatoes. — An Ohio man pre¬
sents this question :

“Tell me how far apart to place the pieces
in the row, say when they are Early Ohio cut
to two eyes in a piece? If potatoes are a
variety making larger growth of top as Sen¬
eca Beauty, would you place that kind
further apart?” u. H. M.

My observation is that most potato growers
pay ” little attention to different varieties.
Where planters are used they are usually set
to drop 15 or IS inches apart in the drill, and
not changed for different varieties. In my
experience it pays to vary the distance. For
example such varieties as Rural New Yorker
No. 2 grow with a single upright stem while
the tubers are crowded close together in a
bunch. Such varieties can lie crowded close
in the drill. I have planted: them one foot
apart and had a fine yield of large potatoes.
At the other extreme is Rural Blush, which
gives a heavy vine, while the tubers scatter
in the soil. I have tried planting them close
but the result seemed to be a large number of
small potatoes. While I think the habit of
forming tubers — below ground — has more to
do 'with it than the size of the vine I should
expect good results by planting Early Ohio
18 inches apart and the varieties with larger
vines too feet apart. I think we use too
much seed for nearly all crops except grass.

Florida Potatoes. — We are not going to
get rich on our first crop, but we didn't ex¬
pect. to anyway, and our experience will mean
cash later on. On the new farm the seed
lay in the ground five weeks before it got
through ! The rain fell heavily day after
day, and soaked the ground like a sponge.
We had rather figured on a dry season, and
planted the potatoes in drills or trenches,
expecting in this way to give them a better
chance. As the season turned out just the
reverse of this handling would have been
surer. We would have done better if we
had thrown up a ridge, then split it at the
top and planted the seed there. As it is on
this wet soil there is not far from 75 per
cent of a stand. Charlie cut the seed into
good-sized pieces, and this helped, and there
Is some difference between the seed we bought
in the North and the lot we got in Florida.
The Early Manistee is strong and vigorous.
The R. N.-l\ No. 2 was very slow to come,
but finally crawled up in its slow, provoking
way, and' is making good growth. When the
rain stopped it left the lower soil well filled
with moisture, and by keeping the surface
well cultivated we can hold that moisture
in. I am now satisfied that success in farm¬
ing these low flat lands consists in getting
control of the water. The rains are heavy
when they do come, the ground is quickly
soaked, and the flood makes its way off at the
lowest point. It left a track right through
our best field in its haste to get into the lake.
The ditches did not carry it off. Now we
know how to handle it, and the ditches can
be cleaned out and built up at one or two
places so as to take care of the flood. I
cannot of course tell yet what the crop will
bring. We seem likely to have a fair crop,
and the price ought to be good, since many
fields were ruined. I feel better satisfied
than even that land of this kind can be
handled so that in a series of years it will
yield a fair margin. H. w. c.

Lime and Clover.— I read the discussion
of clover on page 230 with much Interest, and
I think the reason why lime seems to fail in
Mr. Adams's neighborhood is evident. Lime
is not a manure in any sense of the term : it
is only a mechanical agent, sweetening acid
soil, pulverizing heavy soil, and in all soils
setting free the plant food that is in them,
more or less according to the quantity used,
and I should judge that the latter is the
trouble with Mr. Adams. lie has used con¬
centrated fertilizer and lime till there is no
more humus in the soil for the lime to act
upon. Forty years ago lime was extensively
used in Scotland, and with good results, as
almost every crop was used on the place, and
the manure pile large. The farms were leased
for a long term of years, and when a ten¬
ant’s time was nearly up he would use lime
heavily the last few years, sometimes so
much that it would take years of good farm¬
ing to bring the land back to a full state of
fertility. So well was this understood that
the most contemptuous thing that could be
said ol a piece of land was that it was lime-
poor. My experience has been that where
plenty of barnyard manure is used lime will
put it in a condition for plants to use, but
can never take its place. As to Alsike clover.
I sometimes grow it on a piece of muck land,
but it never cuts so heavy a crop as the Red,
but I think it is a good mixture for pasture.
Mr. I’atterson’s idea of Fall sowing does well
in Michigan on sandy soils, but the Winter
is too much for it as a rule on heavy soils.

Bay Co., Mich. w. M.

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price for your hay crop. A producer
of clean bales and a saver of labor,
the lightest and most powerful bal¬
er ever built. The great strength and the
light weight of the Ohio is explained by
its scientific construction. The frame
cannot twist. With the Ohio there will be no breakage, no delays,
no repair bills, no stopping to oil up.

Write for new free catalog. The book is plainly written and well illustrated. It tells
you just how the Ohio is built and what it will .do. Write today. Don’t wait.

Ohio Cultivator Co., Ohio St. Factory, Bellevue, O.

We are also manufacturers of the famous Ohio Sulky Cultivators and Walking
Cultivators , Steel Lever and Disc Harrows, Land Rollers, Pulverizers, Com and Cotton
Cultivators, Lister Tools of all kinds, etc. Write for free catalog of any of these.

342

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

Live Stockand Dairy

SWEET CORN AND SQUASHES FOR
SHEEP.

I wish anyone who has hogs to fatten
or milch cows, or, in fact, any kind of
stock, they desire to do extra well in Fall
and early Winter, would try planting an
acre or more to early sweet corn and
Ilubbard squashes (or any other good
squash; we have never found any that
suited us so well as Hubbard). We have
planted in this way for about 10 years and
are better suited every year. Our corn
has been Cory and Perry’s Hybrid, plant¬
ed four feet apart in hills. We always
cook the squashes. If for milch cows re¬
move the seeds. Take a large tin pan, cut
three or four squashes in two roundwise,
flatten the end of one piece so it will sit'
firmly in the pan, then set the pieces one
inside the other, as high as will sit in the
oven, and bake until thoroughly done, and
see how your hogs, cows, hens or almost
anything that lives by eating, from your
dog to your horse, will enjoy and thrive
on them.

The corn, as soon as the ears are filled,
hogs and cattle, will eat, stalks, cobs and
all. After the corn is ripe cut the stalks
and ears into pieces from one to three
inches long, fill feed cooker or large ket¬
tle about half full, and boil with plenty of
water about two hours; then put in as
many squashes as kettle will hold and bod
slowly for an hour longer, and you have
a swill fit for the best. This is not saying
that other vegetables are not fine feed,
and we always feed all our surplus, but
always cook them and think they are
worth much more than fed raw. A great
many people ask how we manage to keep
our hogs, more especially, 'n such good
order all the Fall. mrs. e. m. s.

Wascott, Wis.

POMACE AS MANURE.

In regard to apple pomace as manure: A
few years ago I had some cider made In the
orchard ; the mill stood not far from a Red
Astrachan tree. The man who made the
cider threw the pomace from two or three
pressings near the tree. It was left there,
and the next year that whole side of the
tree was dead, and is still dead. The other
side still produces fruit. Another tree was
completely killed by a vinegar barrel leak¬
ing. The barrel of cider was left under and
near the tree to sour. s. c. G.

Georgetown, O.

R. N.-.Y. — We would use lime with
fresh pomace. After it is well rotted
there will be less trouble.

A SOW KILLS A SHEEP.

In answer to the caption, “Can a sow
kill a sheep?” on page 157, I say yes. But
a few days before receiving The R. N.-Y.
of said date I found one of my best sheep
dead in the yard with the neck and fore¬
quarters badly mangled. The first ribs
were partly gnawed to give access to the
heart and lungs, which were partly eate.i
and scattered about. An old sow, lying
contented in the straw a few feet away,
with a bloody snout, told the story. The
sheep were allowed the freedom of the
yard during the daytime, but were shut
in their pen nights. The sow, after get¬
ting out of her pen several times into the
yard, was finally allowed to stay there, as
she seemed to enjoy burrowing in the
straw. She had bad the run of the yard
with the sheep two months or more be¬
fore this occurred. We had butchered
some pigs in a pen adjoining the yard a
J day or two before, and the smell of the
blood may have aroused her thirst for
blood, or the taste for mutton may have
been acquired from a lamb just dropped
that she devoured last Spring. Possibly
the sheep was fastened in some way in the
rail fence which encloses the straw stack,
but that I don’t know, although when
found she was entirely clear from it. As

we did not care to experiment with the
old sow to see if she would kill any more
sheep, we immediately put her in a pen
alone. r. t. s.

Medina, N. Y.

Another Prolific Cow. — I see an article
on page 284 headed “A Prolific Cow,” from
W. H. P., Rahway, N. J., who thinks his
cow has a record that cannot be beaten. I
had a cow a few years ago that had 11 calves
in less than four years. First, she had twins
and triplets three times in succession, and
raised them all but one calf. The last three
weighed 388 pounds five weeks old. This
sounds like a big “fish story,” but I have the
dates of birth and can give them any time
if necessary. j. g.

Findern, N. J.

Milkins : “What do you think that
young man who is calling on your daugh¬
ter?” Bifkins: “O, lie’s the limit. He
reminds me of a cipher with the rim
off.” — Chicago News.

A North Carolina negro called at the
preacher’s residence the other night and
asked : “ ’Bout how much will you charge
to marry me, suh?” “Well,” said the
preacher, “I usually get $5.” “Lor’, boss,”
exclaimed the negro, “I ain’t gwine to
marry but one woman !” — Credit Lost.

Patient: “Great Scott! Doctor, that’s
an awful bill for one week’s treatment!”
Physician: “My dear fellow, if you knew
what an interesting case yours was and
how strongly I was tempted to let it go
to a post mortem you wouldn’t grumble
at a bill three limes as big as this.” —
Chicago Tribune.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

L, E, OKTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
horn Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIUS. Standard-Bred BLACK MlNOllCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

!ff~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, "White Plains, N. Y.

/c

WILL R„

\SEND I

c

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE. PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

.BLATCHFORDS CALF MEAL FACTORY
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

l\

,T MILK
NIALS A

DRY f

SPOTS WOOD” IMPORTATION

m: king '• : With* Increase

T. Price

AT AUCTION

THURSDAY. MAY 1 1th. JO05
at -

Spotswoodl Farm, Broad Pa.,

PW - RAILROAD »TATI0«> AMIMA. MMN A '

W TO* CATAkOCVM. MI AO T MAT 9, iLOAItl

PCTRR C. KELLOGG, Auctionoer, 1 07 John 8t.. New York,

« - _ - -MAkdll

COOPER

^ SHEEP Dip

STANDARD OF THE WORLD for 6©

yearn. Used on 250 millions annually. If local
druggist cannot supply, send 91.75 for 92 (100 gal.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 72 Reaver St., N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

'OR S A I, E — 25 Scotch Collies, Cheap.
J.H. VANDEN BOSCH, Jr., R. D. 7, Auburn, N. Y.

13 Q A I c MADE AND FE-

■ V/ 1\ OHLC MADE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

Heaves, coughs, colds, quickly
cured. Pratts Heave Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Free on 30 Days’ Trial

Cets all the Cream.
No Crank to Turn.
Easy to Clean.
Mounted on
Tilting Frame.

No Lifting.
Removable
Cream Faucet.

The Lowell Cream Separators

Made In 4 Styles. 5 to 30 Gals,
are the best on the market. Made of Apollo
galvanized steel, mounted on handsome oil finished
hardwood frames. The milk can is made of finest
nickel tin plate, extra heavy. Indestructible gauge
glass. Simple construction makes it the cleanliest of
all. It saves time and labor and makes money.
Chas. E. Wager, of Troy, N. Y. says : “I get a pound
and a half more of butter from each cow per week.”
Mrs. Oeo. St. Pierre, Arcadia, Mich, says: “1 don’t see
how I ever got on without it.” J. II. Baker, Sarar
toga Springs, N.Y., says:" 1 1 works so well and is so easy
to keep clean that I shall order another one next
spring.” You need one now. We know it is so good
we send it out on 30 days’ free trial. Send for parti¬
culars and catg. LOWELL SPECIALTY CO.
IO Watts Sq., Lowell, Mich.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A finelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City , Kentucky.

Large Eng:. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic St rai ns. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Rigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

Springbank i

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me ami state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
_ Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton &Co., Ercildonn, Chester Co., Pa.

CHESTER WHITES

Both O. 1. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
Bowersox,R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW Rif OOK STOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich

OP Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-
■ ■■ U« able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

Op Cioverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
■ In Ul all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H . L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y.

REG. 0. I. C. PIGS ?,,ri"e 'a™”>a-

better

- - - - . ___ fine stock. No

C. G. BOWER, Ludlowville, New York.

0 1 A SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service

_ I _ |m _ Boars. Best strains bred from
_ m m w ■ Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrowi’rolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalia.N. Y.

Reg. Dorset and Tunis Rums to close out $8. Hol¬
stein Calves, $15. Bonnie Brook Farm, Buffalo. N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN -FRIES 1 A N S
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bi’Li, Cai.vks,
A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

(One of the many testimonials received at Star Farm.)

Bridgeport, Conn., March 27, 1SHJ5.

Mr. Bronson,

Dear Sir, — The calves that I bought from you
through mail arrived in Bridgeport by express all
right. They were well crated and came through in
good shape, and are the finest calves I ever saw. 1 am
more than pleased with them. All of my neighbors
say the same. I am thankful for the choice selection
you sent me. Sincerely yours, E. B. Sherwood.

Circulars and prices sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D., Cortland, N.Y.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Npofford
Pietertje, No. 301(10, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

F. B. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Yr., or

R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM. Rifton, Ulster Co,. N.Y.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A

- - - - few choice young Cows;

Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y’

B/?/LL FaWHIT.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE. O

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.

E. C. BRILL, PoughguRg-, N. V.

— - - —

FOR QAI C Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull
rUn OHLL Calves from registered and record
stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y.

You Can Buy

A rich four months JERSEY BULLand a pair of Uve
months BERKSHIRE SOWS from my bargain coun¬
ter. W. F McSPARRAN, Furnlss, Pa.

, YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Rogistorod. «T orseys

9 Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

Dump- lorcouc ®oar8 ready forservice. Sowsfor
UUI Uu'JGI OGjO Spring Farrow. Pigs atwennlng.
B. P. Rock Eggs/ L R. KUNEY, Adrian, Mich.

POLLED DURHAM FOR SALE — Young Bulls,
6 to 12 months. Also yearling heifer. Beds and Roans,
Dams good milkers. Price $50 up and registered free.
Address JAS. A. KICK, Hlbbetts, Ohio.

“Sir Clyde’s Son”

Born July 7, 1904. Perfectly marked, nearly one-half
white, an extra individual. Sire, “SIR CLYDE,”
whoso sire's dam was "CANARY’S MERCEDES,”
and whose dam made over 24 lbs., and her milk tested
over 4 per cent. Dam made 14 lbs. 11 oz. at 4 years in
August. Was sired by "ADMIRAL DEKOL,” sire
of 9 A. R. O. daughters. This one should get cows
giving rich milk. T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport.N.Y

Short Horns. Heifer

old.

14 months.
Two Bull

q 1 1 III I Ul G a 1 v e s 11

R. C. OSTRANDER, Knowlesvilie, New York!

WHITE STRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 0346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Doanie 7th, 502.11 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie, 476.2 lbs. of but-
terin one year. Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter In one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion-
snip out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable,
lor further Information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention RITUAL New Yorkkk in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to 8S30G, also several mature bulls.

60 GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

Helf 7" wifte ,«»•■* »■»-! 'vm"‘ • u™***

Long I»l.tai,” 'Fhu,T if torn ^““SHinES y

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from ISO to 200 head.

ev®ry .month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairsand live stock shows in 1904 wo won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind„ Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

343

HOW A HOG “CUTS UP.”

A 200-pouncI hog of the Berkshire type

would dress out approximately 160

pounds, green weight. This is about 80

per cent. One side will cut up:

Ham . 12 to 15 lbs.

Shoulder or picnic ham.... 6% to 7% or 8 lbs.

. Boston butt . 45 lbs.

Blear plate . 2 to 3 lbs.

Belly or bacon . 8V> lbs.

I.oin - • . . 10 lbs.

Fat hack . (i lbs.

The remaining part of the weight would
he in the head, which would be about 10
or 1 1 pounds, the sparerib and the trim¬
mings. I here would be a waste in the
trimming of about 4 x/2 or 5 pounds a side.
There is a shrink of about 3 to V/i per
cent during the chilling process. I shall
give you the weights of a 350-pound hog
slaughtered here at our short course.

Livo weight . 350

Dressed weight . 271

Dressing, per cent . 77.42

Weight.

Head, minus tongue . 20.5

Tongue . 1.

Gullet . 5

Heart . 1.

Lungs and windpipe . 1.

Heart and lung fat . 5

Liver . 4.

Melt . 5

Stomach, total . 12.

Tripe, stomach emptied and stripped.. 2.5

Small guts, minus ruffle fat . 4.5

Bung guts . 1.5

Kidney . 75

Gut fat. . 2.

Caul fat . . 1.5

Ruffle fat . 3.

Leaf lard . 14.

Shoulder (whole)... . 21.5

Shoulder trimmings . 7.

Pork loin . 15.

Fat back . 20.

Side, spare rib out . 23.

Spare ribs . 2.

Belly trimmings . 4.

Ham (whole) . 31.

Ham (trimmed....) . 22.5

Ham trimmings . 8.5

Shanks and feet . 2.5

Shoulder fat . 8.

Weight right side before cutting . 133.

Weight left side . 138.

Iowa State College. w. j. rutherford.

ALL SORTS

OrTTi.omc for Beef. — I think that, the out¬
look for first-class beef is excellent, and espe¬
cially so where the grower lives near a mar¬
ket where there is a demand for sweet, juicy
beef, which Chicago beef usually lacks.

Port Austin, Mich. ,t. h. h.

Goon Plymouth Rocks. — I have been
much interested from time to time reading
t lie reports of what smart hens have done in
egg-laying during t lie Winter months. Per¬
haps the following report may be of interest.
Thirty-three Plymouth Rock pullets from one
of our poultry houses started to lay in Sep¬
tember last and continued doing such good
work an account was kept from December 1
to April 1, as follows: December, 48 14
dozen; January, (11 >/> dozen; February, 58 V_>
dozen ; M’arch, 86% dozen. o. w. b.

Connecticut,

Talking Turret. — Does it pay to raise
turkeys? I report my sales from a flock
of White Hollands, consisting of six hens
and one tom, for 1904: April, eggs, $3.50 ;
May, one turkey, 15 poults, $5; November 1,
two turkeys, 22)4 pounds at 20 cents, $4.50 ;
November 2, 13, 126 pounds, $25.50; No¬
vember 20, three, (dressed) 28 pounds at 25
cents, $7, five, 61% pounds at 20 cents,
$12.30; November 23, 16, 160 pounds at 15
cents, $24, four breeders, $11.50; seven late-
hatched, $12.50; total, $105.80. I have used
on my own table 14 which I will put at a very
low average weight, eight pounds at 20 cents,
$22.40. I have reserved eight to add to my
flock as breeders, value $20, and one took a
first prize, winning $10; total $52.40.

W. C. VAN WINKLE.

An Acre for Hens. — As to the question
asked on page 237, it would seem to me the
land would best be put in corn, as that is
mostly done on sod land, and unless the land
Is very poor it ought to grow a crop of corn
without much, if any, fertilizer Regarding
fertilizer, I do not know much about it, as I
usd for corn the hen manure, which is the
best thing I know of for that crop. I would
plant the ordinary field corn and unless it
was not wanted to ripen no root crops could
be raised this season or not in time to sow to
rye in the Fall. If I were going to plant
root crops would plow the land as early as it
could be worked to advantage, and plow again
about May 20, and plant to mangel beets,
using a liberal allowance of fertilizer, 500 to
1,000 pounds (if I did not have the hen
manure). If I did not want so many beets
I would plant part in corn and part in beets,
or early sweet corn could lie planted and got
off in time to plant turnips. In either case
it would be rather late to sow to rye unless
it was sown in with the crops, which could
be done. d. a. mount.

SQUABS

“Is that a birthmark on your friend’s
forehead?” “No, that’s a laundry mark.”
“A laundry mark How odd.” “Not so
very. A Chinaman hit him with a flat¬
iron.” — Cincinnati Commercial Tribune.

are mone y-m a k e r s.
Ready for market when
— four weeks old. Breed¬

ers produce from 8 to 10 pairs every year.
Each pair can he sold from 50 to 80 cents.
Our Ilomers produce the finest squabs in
the country. They require little atten¬
tion. Send for information and prices.
HOnER SQUAB COMPANY,

Dept. M. Lindenhurst, Long Island, N Y.

RAISE

SQUABS

IT PAYS I

We can start you right. Our plant, the" larir-
est in America, ships the finest Squabs that
I reach the New York market, for which we re-
I P01vo top prices. Our strain of Homers will do
1 as much for you. IBetter stock cannot be got¬
ten at any price. Write for free booklet and
I learn something of this fascinating and remu-
I iterative business. ATLANTIC SQUAB CO.

dW Box K, Hammonton, N. J.

TW APLE Villa poultry Yards. Be sure to place order
tr r fr?m guaranteed stock. Single and Rose. B. and
W. Leghorns, BT’d, Buff and W.Uocks. Golden and W.
Wynn.. Silver Hambnrgs, Bose Andalusians. Minor¬
cas, and Anconas. W. G. Mosher, Sylvanla, Penna.

Leghorn, S. C. White and Buff and White

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar-
red & White Kocks.White andSilverWyaudottes;
hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For BIRDS,
moderate prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write
WALTER SHERMAN, 25 Boulevard, Newport, U. I.

White Plymouth Rocks Fishei strain Eggs from

$1 per 15, $5 per 100.

tested laying stock.
Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y.

Cox’s Barred Rocks SHiw’kSd SBmJ:

Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed.
Eggs $1 per 15. J. W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

Barred Rocks

(Ringlet strain) direct from E. B. Thompson; Eggs
from strictly choice matings, $1.50— 111, $3.00—30.

TT A T r T ^ V »1I V » T • T — -

H. ACKL

Lacoyville, Wyoming Co., Penna.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS- Fine stock a
specialty; eggs for hatching. Yards headed by
“Nucleus” and his equal, winner at the great Roches¬
ter show in 1902. Few equals and none superior.
15 eggs $2, 30 eggs $3.50; safe arrival guaranteed,

SIDNEY SPRAGUE, Falconer, New York.

White Holland Turkeys

The kind that come homo to roost. Eggs $3.50 per 9.
Stock after Nov. 1.

M. O. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

15 EGGS FOR $1

Fine Holstein-Friesian Calves from $20 up.

MAPLE LAWN STOCK FARM, New Berlin, N. Y.

Valley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze and Wild
Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

90

,Var s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty 60 p. book. 10c.
Bates freo T A. BEKGEY.Box8,Telford.Pa.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY

Eggs for hatching from good stock, $1 per 13, $5 per
100. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New York.

Rp Blk. Minorcas, Wh. Brown and Bf. Legs, Bar.

■ «' Rocks, Wh. & Bf.Wyandottes, Reds, Sherwoods,
Wh. Wonders, Pk Ducks, Bronze Turkeys, Cockerels;
White Guineas. McCAIN CO., B., Delaware, N. J.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. V,

WHITE WYANDOTTES, 400 layers, bred for
laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plonty
of eggs $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival guaran¬
teed. E. H. DkMAR, Bryantvillo, Mass.

S, C. White Leghorns

Eggs for hatching,
_ $1 for 15; $1.75 for

30; $5 per 100. J. R. WINN, Smith’s Basin. N. Y.

EGGS

Single Comb White Leghorn Eggs. Healthy
selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15; $4
per 100. I>. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

S. C. W. LEGHORNS

Van Drosser Strain: Barred Rocks Ringlet Strain,
$1 for 15. F. H. COOKINGHAM, Cherry Creek. N.Y.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Egg; Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. R. it, PUSEY, Princess Anne, Md,

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks 1812.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding "Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41, Weedsport. N. Y.

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.

Cornish Indian Gaines Both Prizewinners
and White Wyandottes !;,?rcI£SJir "

W. C. VALENTINE. Huntington. R. F. D.,New York.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

orcas. Single Comb Brown Leghorns. Price $1 for
fifteen. Address LAKE CHAUTAUQUA POUL¬
TRY FARM, Lock Box 46, Mayville, New York.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

200 April hatched ducks, $1.50 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked. $115 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns arc the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New York City. 8C pens, 2,000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers In¬
cubators. brooders, etc.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

i j

Far, Neap

and

Vs

L Everywhere

,

It

Progressive]
Dairymen
are Using

UNITED STATES

SEPARATORS

for they have proven the U. S. the surest and simplest money maker for the
farm. Its simple bowl, Operated by strong gearing entirely enclosed in a sub¬
stantial frame, is easy. to turn and gets all the cream— holds world’s record for
clean skimming. Notice the low supply can.

There are other advantages in using a U. S. aside from its wonderfully clean
skimming, that are told in our handsome booklet, “The Dairy.” Send for it
immediately; it’s free.

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kansas City, Mo.,
Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal anil Sher¬
brooke, Que., Hamilton, Ont.

397 ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS. VT.

OQQQQQQOQ

POULTRY- -

lonfilTUVi ■ erything in the!

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
( bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— I
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you]
your Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the]
(asking— it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire Sc Poultry Supply Co.,<

— 1 Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City <

RELIABLE EGG PRESERVER

Will Seal Eggs air-tight; keep and look perfect as
new laid for a year. Best in world. You want
It. For detail write

R. E. P. CO., Box 800, Dorchester, Mass.

WfltOr fihcQ for Preserving eggs. Endorsed
VTQIGI UIQwO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

W hi-n Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

^ hf'ri Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them

Send for Conciso Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bex 0- 0. Jamesburg, N. J.

EGGS for hatching. $1 for fifteen ; $3 for 50; $5 for
100. Stock as good as the best; eacli variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Eggs carefully packed; orders promptly filled. White
Wyandottes; Buff and White Plymouth Rocks: R. C.
Brown, Rose and Single Comb White Leghorns;
Anconas; Black and White Minorcas.

Otselic Farms, Whitney’s Point, N. Y.

Mammoth Pekin Ducks’ Eggs

$1 for 11; $7 per hundred. Also S. C. White Leg¬
horns, Anconas, S. C. Black Minorca, $1 for 15; $5 per
100. GEO. W. DeRIDDER, Ballston Spa, N. Y.

P

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING, PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

FOR SALE Fifteen Eggs $1, from my celebrated
S. C. B. Leghorns, noted for their great laying quali¬
ties. If you don’t think the Brown Leghorns are the
best layers read the Business Hen. Address,

ARTHUR GATCHELL, Alton, Wayne Co,. N. Y.

RDCn FOR FfifiS -Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
■*llCU rUll CUUO. 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

EGGS FOR MATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock,

LOCUST FARMS, Eatontown, N. J.

EGGS for hatching, from Rose Comb Buff Leghorns.
Rose Comb Brown Leghorns and Silver Pencilled
Wyandottes. A. S. BEEKMAN. South Branch, N.J

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of “What is a
Faverolle?" They are free.

J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

SAFE SIDE

Don't invite failure by buying un¬
tried machines. For many y cars

Successful

Incubators & Brooders

have been the standard. Best results with least care.
Lilfi1-*'0,1".' P0,,'try and poultry supply catalogue
FREE. Poultry paper one year 10 cents.

Des Moines Incubator Co., Dopt. 90, Dea Molnea, la.

$ I -80 For
I SL 200 Egg

' INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy

50-«gg size, -

$4.50 and $5.00

HATCH EVERY EGG USED

Will it do it? Ask our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, R. F. D. No. 1, New
Hartford, la. ; Mrs. Krio Brack, Havonsville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving those

30 DAYS’ TRIAL.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23, Springfield, Ohio.

IL'ORMAS & Brooders

Low In price. Fully guaranteed.

Send for free catalogue.

BANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER. INDIANA. Fr'eeCatalne

FOR HATCHING

$2.00 for 13

From prize-winning breeds S. C. Browr
Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Barred an.
, Kocks. Price of Cockerelsand Pullet
k $3.00 each. ’Irios'$7.50. Green's Poultry
Book for 25 cents.

GREEN'S NURSERY CO
k Rochester,

N. Y.

Poultry

Barred Plymouth Rocks,

For Pleasure and Profit

SIX BREEDS— the best by tost.
8. ( White Leghorns, White Wy-
tfl andottes, White Plymouth Rocks,
Hlack Minorcas. Light Brahmas.

Exhibition Matings, $5 for 12; $10 for 36
Laying Matings, $2 for 12; $8 for 100.

ANGORA GOATS

— Bucks, Does and Kids.

... - .. each. These Goats are
itionate and fine pets. New illustrated catalogue free

Selected Does due to kid in April, $15 to $30 each *
easily raised and sold; are affect' " *

Box Y.

(Established 1888.)

Poultry

Hartford.,

Conn

344

April 22,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

AILING ANIMALS.

Does Millet Injure Horses ?

Our horses are not doing well. One is a
16-year-old horse; when in good flesh weighs
about 1,200. lie stumbles and falls; seems
to be stiff forward. He has done a good
amount of hard work, mostly on the farm,
hut this Winter has only drawn a little wood,
lie has always been well grained. Last Fall
he was fed mostly millet; going on to the
hill, three or four miles, one day to dig
potatoes he sweated badly ; has never been
in the habit of sweating. I covered him
well and tried to take care of him, but the
next morning he was quite stiff. I drove him
again that day, and the next morning he
could scarcely get across the barn floor. The
other is a light road horse; he has been
driven to pick up stock and has taken some
long, hard drives, but he was light and quick.
Now his hind parts seem stiff and his legs
stock when standing, seems to be weak in
the back, lie is about 12 years old; other¬
wise than that he had the millet he has been
fed as usual. These symptoms came on since
eating the millet. Another has trouble with
her eyes; one of them by spells waters bad¬
ly. and she acts as if it hurt her ; the lids
swell. This only lasts for a day or two, then
looks all right, but I do not think she sees
quite as well as from the other eye. She is
about 1ft years old; has not been fed millet.

Maine, N. Y. F. H. M.

It is evident that you produced a case
of founder (laminatis) in your 16-year-
old horse, and from some shock to the
system of your 12-year-old he has become
partly paralyzed. The trouble with the
eyes of the other is no doubt recurrent
ophthalmia, and usually ending in blind¬
ness. As it will soon be time to sow
millet it will be well to talk the matter
over a little and see what we can find
out from others. It is evident that you
are a little suspicious of it as horse food,
and I think you have a good reason to
be. From what I have seen I would not
feed it to a horse if a man would give
it to me, and I do not think it a safe
sheep feed. Prof. W. A. Henry says
millet hay is injurious to horses. Hicne-
bauch, veterinarian of the North Dakota
Station (Bulletin 7) reports that during
the Winter of 1891-92 an ailment passing
under the name of the “millet disease”
prevailed in North Dakota, about one
animal in every ten so affected dying.
It was called the millet disease because
from 95 to 98 animals out of every hun¬
dred affected had previously been fed
millet. Experiments were made in feed¬
ing millet hay to a number of horses
for the purpose of studying its effect. The
following statement relative to one test
seems quite conclusive : “By feeding her
(a mare) millet (hay) for about three
months she would become so lame in the
joints of the hind legs that it was almost
impossible for her to walk, and on dis¬
continuing the feeding of millet she would
gradually recover until at the end of
three or four months she would again
be in normal condition. As soon as that
condition was reached, would again feed
millet until the mare was in such a con¬
dition that she could scarcely stand, then
again quit feeding millet. We have alter¬
nated with millet and other hay, produc¬
ing the conditions referred to at will, for
nearly two years. In the meantime the
horse has suffered in condition, and does
not at all resemble her former self. She
is valueless as far as work is concerned,
and is only kept for experimental pur¬
poses. We are able at any time to demon¬
strate the effect from feeding millet by
allowing her to have millet exclusively
as coarse food for a portion of two
months.” Letters sent to veterinarians,
farmers and others in the State brought
replies which showed that ill results had
quite generally been observed from the use
of millet, manifested usually by increased
action of the kidneys. The bulletin con¬
cludes : “Our experiments have thor¬
oughly demonstrated that millet, when
used entirely as a coarse food, is injuri¬
ous to horses : First, in producing an
increased action of the kidneys. Second,
in causing lameness and swelling of the
joints. Third, in producing infusion of
blood into the joints. Fourth, in de¬
stroying the texture of the bone, render¬
ing it softer and less tenacious, so that
traction caused the ligaments and mus¬
cles to be torn loose.”

It is remarkable that millet, one of the
oldest known p'ants, and one that is used
so extensively i various countries, should
fall under this serious charge. Possibly
hay from the plant is injurious in some
districts while ha/mless elsewhere, or in
seme years it may prove deleterious while
usually safe for feeding. Having been
put on his guard the horseman will use
millet with caution, awaiting further re¬
ports from the investigators. It should

be noted that in the cases where trouble
arose millet hay was used exclusively for
roughage. Ill effects can probably be
avoided by using this hay in limited quan¬
tity for roughage and not continuously.
Nothing unfavorable to the use of millet
hay for cattle or sheep feeding has been
reported. At the Massachusetts Station
millet forage has been found of much
value for dairy cows.

Periodic Ophthalmia.

I have a mare troubled at irregular inter¬
vals with a weakness of the eye which causes
them to water and sometimes to close alto¬
gether. Sometimes only one eye is affected
and sometimes both. The attack comes on
when she is used on the road and when she
is standing a number of days in the stable,
therefore it cannot be from snow reflection.
It is not pink-eye, nor does it seem to come
from hay pricks. Can it be caused by a
tight collar? C. H. s.

Oornwall-on-IIudson, N. Y.

External ophthalmia is an inflamma¬
tion of the outer parts of the eyeball.
The causes may be the presence of for¬
eign bodies like hayseed, chaff, dust, pol¬
len of planjs, ammonia rising from the
excretions, the use of a very short over¬
draw check, and the keeping of the horse
in a very dark stall from which it is
habitually led into the glare of full sun¬
light. The symptoms are about as you
have stated, while they resemble recur¬
rent ophthalmia, known as periodic oph¬
thalmia, or moonblindness. This is an
inflammatory affection of the interior of
the eye and has been traced to certain
soils, foods and heredity, showing a
strong tendency to recur again and again,
and usually ending in blindness. These
troubles have been traced to vivid light¬
ning flashes, drafts of cold, damp air,
and, above all, when the animal is per¬
spiring, exposure in cold rain and snow¬
storms, and certain diseases, and treat¬
ment is not generally satisfactory. I
have had good results from the use of
an eye wash made of one pint of rain
water, 30 grains of sugar of lead, and one
drachm of laudanum, turned into the eye
with the side of a spoon, holding the
lower eyelid out; repeat every 12 hours.
To ward off another attack it might be
well to ask your veterinarian to give the
animal a tonic made of oxide of iron and
nux vomica, but by all means do not put
everything into the eyes that you are told,
for as a rule these remedies do more
harm than good. m. d. williams, d. v. s.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

A LOST COW.

That can never happen where the
cows wear our patented

Swiss Cow Bells

Made from finest quality of Swiss
Bell Metal, they are light but
strong and lasting. Musical in tone.

They add to the appearance of herd
besides makingthein tame and trac¬
table. Strap with each. Sold direct in seta or singly to introdooa.
Made in 8 sizes. Circnlars on Cow, Sheep and Turkey Bella Free.

Bevin Bros. Mfg. Co., East Hampton, Conn.

The Drown Iron Cow Stall

All the rage. Best in the world. Used
in the FINEST state, government and pri¬
vate dairy barns in the U. S. Send for
beautiful circular to KtNG <fc WaLKKR
CO., Madison, Wisconsin. Dept. N.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

. Oldest and Best Grindl ng Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for wlndand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1.4.8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.

THOS. ROBERTS,
Box 92. Springfield, O.

Quaker City Grinding Mills

Eor Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CCftIT nil TDIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 30
Otn I UI1 I nlHL horse power. Ball bear¬
ing. easy running. Freight paid. Send for free

38th Annual Catalogue.

The A. W. Straub Co.

3737 Filbert St.. Phila. Pa.
47-49 Canal St. Chicago, Ill

Can

I U80
heavy
fwaxed
end.

AGENTS

MEND-A-RIP"

Does ail kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching

Does all kinds
pOf light and
heavy riveting

LOADED

with

Will Save Til* Price of Itself
Many Times a Year. A Perfect
Band Sewing Machine and Riveter combined
To Show It Mean* a Sale. Agenta
make from $8 to $15 a day. One
__ agent made $20 first day and writes to Hurry
more machines to him. Write for special agents* price.

j.C’jFoote Foundry Co., Fredericktown, O.

The Great Agents Supply House.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARKY CO.. Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

1

PISO'S CURE FOR

E

N>

m

f

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

W

Best Couch Syrup. Tastes Good.

o

!

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

H

CA

CONSUMPTION

Tuttle’s Elixir

$100.00 REWARD.

Cures all species of lameness ,
curbs, splints , contracted

cords, thrush, etc., in horses.
Equally good for internal
use in colic, distemper, foun¬
der, pneumonia, etc. Satis¬
faction guaranteed or money
refunded. Used and endorsed
by Adams Express Company.

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

TUTTLE’S FAMILY ELIXIR Cures rheumatism, sprains,
bruises, etc. Kills pain instantly. Our 100-page
book, “Veterinary Experience,” free.

TUTTLE’S ELIXIR CO., 80 Beverly St., Beaton, lass.

liowsrc of so-called Elixirs - none genuine but Tuttle's.
Avoid all blisters: they offer only temporary relief if any.

ACCIDENTS

will happen. The colts will get
hurt. Any Soft Inflamed Bunch
can be removed in a pleasing
manner with

ABSORBINE

No blister. No hair gone.
Comfort for the horse. Profit
for you. $2.00 per bottle de¬
livered. Book 4-B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for man¬
kind, $1.00 Bottle. Removes the
black and blue from a bruise
at once. Stop Toothache, Re¬
duce Swellings. Genuine manu-
facturedonly by

W. F, YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

"SAVE -THE- HORSE"

Registered Trade Mark

SPAVIKT CURB

Write us before yon fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

d>c.()0 per bottle with written guarantee,
41 Send for copy, also booklet and scores of
letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid;
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

SPAVIN OF pr
CURES ■

)avin. Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Wlndgall,
Enlargements. Curb,Galls,
Pollevil, Scratohes,
ioils.&c.Removesuu-
ral growths and lame¬
leaving flesh smooth
clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROJ..AFTON, N.T.
SI .00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.

Sick

Pigs

Overfeeding retards growth and Is
productive of many stomach ail¬
ments in the young shoat, such as
fever, internal inflammation, indi¬
gestion, flatulence and scours.

DR. HESS

STOCK

fc

FOOD

J riven regularly with the ordinary
ood prevents all disorders of the
stomach, promotes digestion, as¬
similation and good health. It is
notacondimental food, but a scien¬
tific stock tonic and laxative, the
famous prescription of Dr. Hess
(M.D., D. V.S.), which promotes ap¬
petite and aids digestion, thus
decreasing the time and cost of
fattening, besides keeping the ani¬
mal in a perfectly healthy condition.

5 A. per lb In lOOlbeaeke, f

T 23 ,b *1-G0 ) Md extrem^

Smaller quantities a j ffeat and South,
little higher. Small doae, (_

Sold on aWritten Guarantee

DR. HESS & CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant
Louse Killer.

v vJ

A Perfect Machine

The Reid Band Separator is built along the ■ lines of
honesty, simplicity and effect¬
iveness. No standing on tip¬
toe to fill can or getting on your

knees to clean or adjust. lu»
ti me-saver — amoney-saver , and
the best, hand separator made.
WiU last a life-time. The

Reid Hand
Separator

is guaranteed to do just
what is claimed for it, and
if the buyer Is not satisfied
with it, the money will be
refunded. Credit and 30
days’ free trial, if desired.
W rite at once for catalogue.

A. H. REID CREAMERY k
DAIRY SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia.

. _ X- n«.. Minneapolis, Minn., and

a t.

rS

WILL you buy a separator because
’ the agent Is a “good fellow?”
Some people do. We hope such will
read this. The Tubular talks for
Itself and Is bought for Itself.

if You Have a Brand New Separator

not a Tubular, put it in the garret.

We will sell yon a Sharpies
Tubular, guaranteed to make
enough more butter tlian the
other from tlie same milk to
pay 35 per cent yearly dividend
on tke whole coat of tlie ma¬
chine. You test them side
by side.

Pierpont Morgan Is
hunting a place to
put money at 6 per
cent: hereis a guaran¬
teed 25 per cent to you.

While this dividend
pays your bills the
Tubular makes your
life more pleasant by
pleasing your wife.

A waist low milk
vat saves your back.

Simple bowl— easy to
wash— the only one that is so. Auto¬
matic oiling; the only one that has.
Easier to turn than others and
safer. Catalog A-153 explains better.

Sharpies Co. P. »• Sharpie*

Chicago, Illinois Weaf Chaster, Pa. Jl

The

Commorv
Sense of a

Separator

There Is nothing imaginary about the advan¬
tage of a good separator. It’s a simple com¬
mon-sense proposition. No one can deny
that a separator does save cream and It is
also a proven fact that the National Separator
will save enough to pay for itself the first

Jrear. In addition to this there is a great sav-
ng of time and labor to be considered. A

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

is as much of a necessity to the
dairyman as a self-binder to the
Brain grower. The National
is the best of all separators.
Write for our Book 50 which
tells why. #

Monthly Payment Plan.
When desired, the National Separator
can be purchased on our easy pay-
plan. This plan requires no
until the Separator has
Its worth after five days’
Then comes a small cash
payment; the balance in easy
monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE CO. |
Newark, N. J.

General Western Agents:
Hostings Industrial Co.,

79 Dearborn 8 1., Chicago, Ill.

Desirable Agents Wanted j
in Unoccupied Territory I

42 1 1 Steel frame, round. Preserve per-

I L- VJ fectly, last long All convenience.

Special rates to clubs and granges.

International Silo Co., Dept. B., Jefferson. O.

SILOS

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

>E. F. Scblicbter, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.

1905.

RATION FOR A HORSE.

A\il! you make me up a ration to feed my
work horses? They have to do very hard but
slow work on a road scraper. The weight is
about 1,200. Following is a list of the feed
stuffs : Oats, 45 cents ; cornmeal, SI. 10: hom¬
iny, $1.05 ; bran, $1.15 ; middlings, $1.25; old
process linseed meal. $1.50; cotton seed meal,
$1.45. I would like to have a ration that
will keep them in the best of condition. Will
it he advisable to feed them a handful of the
following mixture : Linseed meal, 50 pounds,
10 pounds cornmeal. two pounds sulphur¬
ate of antimony, two pounds ginger, 1%
pounds saltpeter, two pounds sulphur.

HurleyviHe. N. Y: n. p. s.

Probably nowhere in the East are
horses worked as hard as in the Adiron¬
dack lumber forests during the Winter.
1 he loads are not only very heavy but the
roads are often bad and over the worst
grades. You will here find corn and oats,
equal parts, the universal feed in con¬
nection with Timothy hay. This feed is
not for young animals. Rarely are horses
used under six years of age. It is there¬
fore a question of furnishing energy and
steam with sufficient protein to replace
worn tissue. Corn and oats do this. The
amount of bulk is also right. Horses do
not need bulky feed. I should presume
your work would not be as hard, and no
doubt you could modify this to your ad¬
vantage: 100 pounds corn, 100 pounds
oats, 50 pounds wheat bran and 25 pounds
oil meal. You can tell how much they
should have, -no one else can. I would
or.-t “dope” them with drugs. If the
horses are healthy and work well, why
fill them with poisons? _If they are sick
then treat them for their peculiar ail¬
ment. Light feed and rest is about the
best medicine for man or beast. Give
nature a chance. Sometimes stimulants
will carry the flesh farther, but in the end
the vitality of the individual will fix the
labor performed. Oil meal is of itself
an excellent regulator, but it is also a
food, and the system is not taxed to pass
off materials that of themselves contain
no nutrients. The greatest menace to the
human family at the present time is not
the giant trusts from a money point of
view, but the vast array of patent medi¬
cines that are feeding both upon the
energy and vitality, nervous and muscu¬
lar, and upon the pocketbook as well.
Until recently the beasts of the field, our
domestic animals, have been free from
this contagion, but now every corner
turned finds patent medicines ready for
their supposed ills. This talk that the
animal must have these digestive tablets
to do full work is all nonsense, and the
sooner we treat it as such the better.
There are just two digestive agents that
may be safely fed, salt, what the individ¬
ual requires, and charcoal. Neither one
is a poison, and if given an opportunity
without interference the animals will use
no more than they need. The mixture of
feed previously mentioned, with a daily
feed of salt, and occasionally a handful
of charcoal is all the drug feed you need.

H. E. COOK.

SKIN IRRITATION IN SHEEP .

We have some sheep that are rubbing and
pulling off their wool. Some appear to have
a thin, loose scab where the wool is off. Will
you give cause and remedy? There seem to
be few ficks. r. s. g.

Newark, N. Y.

Sheep often rub and pull off the wool
at this season, because they are uncom¬
fortable from the heat of the fleece, or
are annoyed by ticks. Then the wool
will often separate and come off, because
the sheep have been sick or poorly kept,
at which time the wool ceases to grow,
and after recovering or better feeding
when it starts, there is a break in the
fiber, when it will easily break. I men¬
tion these things because I do not wish
needlessly to alarm the questioner. The
“thin loose scab” would indicate the para¬
sitical disease known as “scab.” If he
will loosen up the scab, and look care¬
fully, assisted by a good magnifying glass,
if it is genuine scab, he should see the
minute insects burrowing in the skin. I
would shear the sheep at once in any
event. This will save the wool, and if

TIIF. RURAL NEW-YORKER.

the sheep are closely housed they will not
suffer. ] hey can then be treated much
more satisfactorily. After shearing dip
the sheep in one of the crude oil, car¬
bolic dips, or if these cannot be obtained,
a dip can be made of tobacco, 16 pounds,
oil of tar three pints, soda ash 20 pounds,
soft soap four pounds, 50 gallons of
water. • I his should answer for 50 un¬
shorn sheep. Boil the tobacco to make
a strong tea, then dissolve the other in¬
gredients, and add water to make the 50
gallons. Heat the water to 60 or 70 de¬
grees. Keep each sheep in the dip three
minutes. Be careful to loosen up the
scab, and work the dip into the affected
parts. After a week rub well into the af¬
fected parts the' following mixture: One-
half pound each of tar and sulphur and
one pound each of soap and alcohol. This
is recommended by Dr. Law; but I pre-
fei the dips, as being just as efficacious
and much pleasanter to handle. In fact,
every keeper of live stock should keep
them on hand, as they are an excellent
thing for lice of all kinds, galls in horses,
and fine for disinfecting a stable. It is
' ( D important thoroughly to spray or
wash all the pens and fences or places
where the sheep may rub, or these will
contaminate the flock again next season.

I believe it always pays to dip both sheep
and lambs after shearing, the dips re¬
ferred to acting as a stimulant to the
skin, and destroy ticks and nits.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

345

Remedy for Mange. — Seeing the articles
on mange in The U. N.-Y. and knowing the
nature of this disease pretty well, I would
like to give you a harmless but sure cure for
all diseases of this nature that afflict any
of our domestic animals. I have never yet
seen it. fail when properly and thoroughly
applied. Take one quart melted hog's lard,
add one teacupful of kerosene oil, two cup¬
fuls dry flour of sulphur; mix this all to¬
gether thoroughly while the lard is warm.
When nearly cold add one ounce of carbolic
acid crystals. Melt the crystals and stir
very thoroughly in the mixture. Apply warm
bv using a swab and rubbing it in very thor¬
oughly twice a week. This remedy is also
excellent to remove lice on animals; it will
do it with no harm to the animal if it should
happen to lick it. When applied for mange
use freely and rub in very thoroughly.

Castorland, N. Y. w. s. a.

Cream Separators

Save $10 - Per Cow

EVERY YEAR OF USE

OVER ALL GRAVITY SETTING SYSTEMS

AND

$3.-to $5.-Per Cow

Over All Imitating Separators.

♦♦♦♦♦♦

Now is the time to make this most important and profitable
of dairy farm investments. Send at once for new 1905 catalogue
and name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & 1 1 Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

J.S. KEMP’S

20 CENTURY MANURE SPREADER

HANDIEST THING

ON THE
FARM

A FARMERS
HANDY WAGON

WOOD OR STEEL WHEELS

is the handiest thing on the farm, be¬
cause it is the one wagon for every
farm purpose; because it does work
no other sort of a wagon is suitable
for; makes work lighter for horse
and man; loads and unloads easier
than the high-wheel wagon; runs
lighter over any kind of ground;
wears longer and sells at a reasonable
price. Sold by dealers everywhere.
48 page catalog tells the whole wagon
story. Send direct to us for a copy—
you’ll be interested in the story.

FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO., Saginaw, Mich.

Branches: Kansas City and Dos Moines.

Also makers of Farmers Handy Hay and Stork Racks
and Handy All tittcl Hilo*. Catalogs frets

HADE IN SAGINAW

Colic is dangerous ! Get
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac-
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company

Newark Valley, N. Y. LAgentsfor New'fcngfand’statesV Waterloo, Iowa. ,

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE Carries off^ surplus^water ;

.. , „ admits air to the soil. In¬

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.

Tl,e meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
■gd Pipe, Red and i ire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for What y°u want and prices. JOHN H. JACKSON, 78 Third Are., Albany, .N.Y.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

JWe are the largeat manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. W«
guarantee our patent
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BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

W

WHITMAN’S^

LARGE.ST a MOST P
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WHITMAN AGS

Received the GRAND PRIZE, highest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair. St. Louis

LENDS ITSELF TO ALL CONDITIONS

The Kraus Pivot- Axle Cultivator Is adapted to all condi¬
tions of soil — level or hilly country. Always under complete
control of operator and obeys the slightest touch of rider’s
foot, turning to right or left independent of team,

THE KRAUS CULTIVATOR

ON LEVEL
GROUND

Is the pioneer Pivot- Axle Cultivator combining a simul¬
taneous lateral movement of wheels and shovelB. It Is sim¬
plest In construction, easiest of operation and most efficient
cultivator built. Don’t waste a man’s time when a boy can do ,
the work. Our catalog illustrates the parts and shows exactly why
and how it Baves time, labor and money. If your dealer does
not handle the Kraus, do not accept u substitute. Write us.
The Akron Cultivator Co., Dept, ig, Akron, O.

ON
UNEVEN
GROUND

346

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 22,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collingwooij, Editor.

DR. WALTER Van Fleet,
Mrs. K. T. Hoyle,

Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union. $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8% marks, or 10 lA francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must he sent to ns within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned Tub Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may he made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

A western friend sends us the following:

William E. Curtis, in a letter from the Panama Canal,
published in (lie Chicago Record-1 Iorald, in speaking of the
galvanized iron material now on hand a( Panama, says sub¬
stantially as follows: “These galvanized goods, although
made 20 years ago, are still in good condition. They were
made better than the galvanized iron nowadays.” I thought
that this might lie of interest to you with your agitation on
the wire fencing problem.

It is of great interest. Panama is a tough country
on men, metal and mules, which are to e furnished by
this country for digging the canal. We will guarantee
that Uncle Sam will not accept inferior pipe and wire.
If he learns how to sort out the inferior goods for his
own use, let him tell farmers how to do it too.

*

People generally expect too much of the clovers when
planning to use them for restoring land. You cannot
expect to sow Crimson or Red clover on poor soil with¬
out manure or fertilizer, and obtain a good yield. If
well fed they will both help improve the land, but they
must be fed. The cow pea is different — it will make a
fair growth on poor soil, and is for this reason a better
“poor man’s manure” than clover. There are cases
where soil too poor to grow clover was seeded to cow
peas. These made a fair growth, and were worked
into the ground in August, after which the soil was
seeded to Crimson clover. Though this crop had failed
before it made a fair growth after the cow peas. We
would not sow cow peas on rich soil or clover on poor
soil.

*

Some of our readers are sending tis copies of the
letters they are writing to Hon. Thomas C. Platt on the
parcels post question. We can only say that the Sen¬
ator’s view of public life is being greatly enlarged.
One man asks the Senator how many farmers are re¬
quired to offset the political influence of one store¬
keeper! That’s a good question. For fear that the
Senator may be too busy with “more important matters”
to answer it we will try our hand. It depends upon the
farmer. If he is a man afraid to express his opinion,
content to do what the local boss tells him to, and
ready to let the party shape him instead of trying (o
shape the party, it will take 500 farmers to equal one
lively storekeeper. If he is a man who makes it evi¬
dent by what he writes or says that he is not to be
bought, bull-dozed or bribed, he is equal, man for man,
to the merchant. One man represents .02 per cent of
the influence of a storekeeper, the other 100 per cent.
Now then — which are you?

*

Readers remember that during the past year we have
pointed out what Massachusetts and other New Eng¬
land States have done in putting farm property on the
market. In Massachusetts there were a number of
abandoned farms. The State Agricultural Department
collected information about these farms, and printed it
in a pamphlet. This was sent to people in search of
farms. As a result we understand that all such farms
have been disposed of. We received many requests

from western readers about New York farms, but there
was no public information available. There seemed no
good reason why the New York Department of Agri¬
culture should not do some such work as was done in
Massachusetts. The agricultural law gave the Depart¬
ment no authority to gather such statistics, but this
obstacle will be removed in a bill introduced at Albany
by Mr. Parker, of Washington County. This bill au¬
thorizes the Agricultural Commissioner to collect and
publish information about agriculture and farm labor.
Such work may be made very useful, and we hope the
bill will become a law, and that the Commissioner will
make .use of his new powers.

★

The Indiana Experiment Station issues a bulletin on
soil inoculation, in which we find the following:

Many highly extravagant claims for inoculation are being
made by unscrupulous concerns advertising the materials for
sale, and the farmer is led to believe that inoculating the
seeds of legumes, or the soil upon which they are to be grown,
with certain forms of bacteria, is all that is required to
make them produce enormous crops, besides wonderfully en¬
riching the soil. These claims are in nearly all cases very
far beyond the truth, and many farmers are being induced to
spend money for something which will not produce what is
claimed for it.

Where are these “unscrupulous concerns?” At least
two thoroughly reliable companies are offering the “cul¬
tures.” We believe that what they offer is just as good
as that sent out by the Government, and they are doing
a legitimate business. We understand that the Gov¬
ernment samples and tests their product from time to
time. It is a mistake to lead a farmer to believe that
these “cultures” will take the place oi good seed, good
tillage and good fertilizing, but if there are “unscrupu¬
lous concerns” in the business they should be named
in order to protect the honest ones.

*

In past years we have had considerable to say about
the question of compelling a farmer to pay for a license
before peddling his produce in town. It appears to be
settled as a point of law that where a farmer sells the
goods which are produced on his own farm he is free
to do so, and cannot be compelled to pay for the privi¬
lege. When he buys from others to sell again he be¬
comes a huckster, and may be compelled to pay for the
license. In various parts of the country farmers have
made a fight for this principle. In Colorado an effort
is being made to prohibit farmers from selling their
produce. A bill is before the Legif\iture which would
force venders to pay $200 to $500 for a license to sell
produce. The object is to make the fee so high that
farmers cannot afford to pay it. This legislation is said
to be instigated by the great corporations which control
the mining camps or towns. Farmers find in these
towns profitable markets for their produce, but the cor¬
porations desire even this trade for their company
stores, and by means of this excessive license fee expect
to drive the farmers away. We do not believe that
such a law will stand, and if it is passed Colorado
farmers should combine to test and break it down.

*

ONE VIEW OF FARM MACHINERY.

The prevailing idea is that farming is a business for
the strong and well, that only the big, powerful man can
conquer the forces of nature and win a living from the
soil. Small men with feeble bodies have become tne
world’s great generals, or lawyers, or leaders in profes¬
sional life, but we are slow to get away from the old
notion that nature responds only \ > brute force.

True, we are told now and then of women who suc¬
ceed with flowers or hens or bees, or of invalids who
work at some side line in gardening or stock raising.
Such reports are usually dismissed with the remark:

“Oh, that isn’t farming!’1

We have been taught to believe that small farming,
where a man raises general crops and must do most of
his own work, is a business of hard labor requiring at
least a sound body. This is partly due to another belief,
viz., that the invention of farm machinery has helped the
large or bonanza farmer and really proved a detriment
to the smaller planter who depends upon hand labor for
his crops. People have seen the little mills and fac¬
tories of old days absorbed by the larger modern ones,
and they reason that the same results must follow with
farming. For example, there are many dairymen who
hope that no one will ever perfect a :eally practical milk¬
ing machine ! They argue that at present the human
hand enjoys a monopoly of the watk of milking the
cow, and if this monopoly be broken by the introduction
of a milking machine the smaller dairyman with his
15 cows, representing about the limit of 10 human fin
gers, will be driven out of business !

Such men fail to understand what 'arm machinery
is, and what it will do for a farmer. It attempts to
make rods of metal and wood do the work of human
fingers, and wheels do the work of human feet. Im¬
proved machinery for the factory naturally goes to the

cheapest source of power. Farm machinery is operated
wherever a horse can walk. Where 10 strong men
toiled in the harvest field and cut the grain by hand and
strength of arms and back, now a combination of rods
and wheels called a self-binder enables three horses to
do the work quicker and better. A good brain even in
a *eeblc body can direct the horses. Let us understand
that these rods and wheels simply transfer the brute
power. from the 10 men to the three horses. It would
not be possible now to find 10 men in an eastern farm
community who would harvest a grain crop by hand.
The price of wheat has steadily risen during recent
years. The advantage from this will not go to the
great farms of the West, where machinery is driven by
steam, but rather to thousands of eastern farms, each
of which can add 20 new acres to wheat growing. The
imitation of the human hand in wheels and rods which
we call a binder will enable elderly men, defectives or
even women to raise the crop which was formerly the
exclusive work of strong men. Even those who see
disaster in a milking machine must realize that it would
give a one-armed man control of a herd of cows. Such
a man, with the milking problem settled, could give such
careful supervision of milk production that no great
company could compete with him in quality or personal
guarantee !

*

PRIZES FOR BATHROOM ARRANGEMENTS

Readers of The R. N.-Y. responded generously to
our request for plans showing bathroom arrangements
in houses built without reference to such improvements.
Our special object in originating this competition was to
show how simply and inexpensively such conveniences
could be added to a country house, and how often inge¬
nuity and inventive faculty co Id take the place of lib¬
eral expenditure in money. All the plans received pos¬
sess value, and those not successful in the prize com¬
petition will be published, from time to time, and paid
for at customary rates. The following competitors re¬
ceive prizes, in the order named :

First, W. H. Miller, Hartford County, Conn.
Second, John S. Buck, Ontario County, N. Y.
Third, ,T. Beam Wingerd, Franklin Co., Pa.

It was a very hard matter to determine this compe¬
tition, as our readers will decide when they read che
various articles contributed. Gome of the plans, to he
published later, are more elaborate and less “homemade”
than the prize winners. But the three winners are very
suggestive; they are an incentive to effort, and they <ive
details with photographic exactness Mr. Miller’s bat¬
tery of vinegar barrels, in lieu of tank, was especially
striking. Said one of the judges: “Why, there’s just
the idea I want for my barn,” and we have no doubt
others will find ideas helpful to ffiemsel.es in all these
articles. They are not expected to appeal to the suburb¬
anite, or to the wealthy man whose farming is a side
issue, but we do believe that these expedients will help
to make life easier and more comfortable in those many
farm homes more richly dowered with industry and
self-respect than with dollars and cents.

BREVITIES.

The day that pie-plant gives first mess
Our folks feel better, I confess.

Pa says : "You need a bran new dress,”

“An’ you a coat” says I, “no less.”

An’ Billy up an’ says: “I guess

That woodjjile won't be no success

Until I split some more" Yes ! Yes !

Good feelin’ comes with that first mess!

Better a dead beat than a live one.

In the end the kicker always hurts his feet.

A good argument for mule raising on page 315.

Will those who have ever used strawberry or other fruit
pickers tell us if they are practical?

Sulphur fumes destroy most of the smut germs in seed
oats, but are not as sure as formalin.

There are two ends to the horn — big and little. Entrance
through the small end is less humiliating than 'exit.

A good way to get rid of dandelions in lawns is to cul¬
tivate in the family a proper respect for dandelion salad.

If you want to get a variety of opinions ask a dozen dif¬
ferent entomologists how the lime and sulphur wash kills the
scale.

At this season fried eggs appear in the dinner pail of
most city workmen. The hen is thus laying some of our
largest buildings.

Ruskin talks about loaf givers — good housekeepers. The
woman who supports a stout husband in idleness is another
sort of loaf giver !

Over 10 years ago, when we tried to get readers Inter¬
ested In a trial of Crimson clover, we noticed numerous
failures in Illinois and Indiana. It now seems probable that
this failure was partly at least due to the absence of the
proper bacteria in that western soil.

A new fertilizer has recently been introduced in Germany,
says the M’ark Lane Express, under the simple name of
Thomasammoniakphosphatkalk. It is compounded of basic
slag or superphosphate and ammonia salts mixed together
with dried refuse material from the beet sugar factories
It contains about 5% per cent of nitrogen and 8 per cent
phosphoric acid, and claims, in the impressive language of
the Fatherland, to be a Universaldungermittel, that Is, uni-
versalfertilisermaterial.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

347

Events of the Week.

DOM’KSTIC. — Judge Hiram Brownlee, of Indiana, has been
appointed to investigate “white slavery” in the lumber
camps and on plantations in Mississippi, where it Is charged
a large number of Indiana citizens are held in bondage. The
men, many of whom are the heads of families, went to Mis¬
sissippi under contracts at .$3 a day, but they were informed
on their arrival that the wages would be f>0 cents a day.
Their railroad fare had been advanced, and when they pro¬
tested the alternative of working at t lie 50-cent wage to
repay their fare or going to prison was given. . . . Egg

shells containing acid were thrown from building tops in
Chicago April 8 at teams and their drivers hauling goods
from Montgomery, Ward & Co.’s store to the Northwestern
freight house. A teamsters' strike had started the day be¬
fore. Fortunately no one was hit. the only injury sus¬
tained being by a policeman who attempted to pick up part
of an egg slid 1 filled with the acid and burned his fingers.
It is believed that the ammunition in this warfare of the
teamsters was expected to burn the horses attached to the
wagons and cause them to run away. In addition to this,
acts of violence on t lie part of the strikers and their sym¬
pathizers, and fights with t lie police in which several non¬
union men were badly beaten, and many arrests, marked the
passing of the second day of the teamsters’ strike. With the
assistance of a large detail of police, Montgomery, Ward
& Co. succeeded in the course of the day in moving It! wagon-
loads of merchandise to the Santa Fe, Illinots Central and
Michigan Central freight houses. . . . K. T. Marchand,

special attorney for the Interstate Commerce Commission,
is in Chicago looking up evidence to present to the com¬
mission, which is to meet there soon, relative to the charge
that the rates on corn products are excessive and unjust.
Complaint has been made that the tariffs from the Missouri
ltiver to the Southwest and the Far West are out of propor¬
tion to the rates on the raw material. This is said to
operate against the corn products factories in the Missouri
River district, where a large percentage of (he raw material
is grown. Under (lie existing adjustment, it is stated, fac¬
tories in the West and Southwest can buy corn in the Mis¬
souri River territory, ship it to their factories and manu¬
facture it cheaper than the Missouri River factories can
buy the corn on the ground and ship out the corn products
. . . Pittsburg, I’a., was visited by a severe hailstorm

April 10, some of the hailstones measuring two inches in
diameter; much damage was done to greenhouse structures.
. . . An illicit saloon at Kin ora, fnd., was blown up
April 10, and the fire ensuing caused a loss of $20,000
. . . April 10 the officials conducting the Beef Trust in

rpiiry in Chicago seized six trunks stored with a safe de-
posit company, which are said to contain books, papers and
office records which will be used as evidence. The Govern¬
ment has information that 20 more trunks, also said to
contain packing house -records, have been secreted, and Secret
Service men are making strenuous efforts to locate them.
. . . The homes of William Cato, a negro, and John
Alexander, a white man, both non-union miners at BIoss-
burg, 15 miles west of Birmingham, Ala., were blown up with
dynamite April 11. A 10-year-old daughter of Alexander
was killed and two other children were injured. The ex¬
plosive was placed on the front porch of Alexander's house.
Both houses were badly wrecked. There Is a strike of min¬
ers on at Blossburg. No clue to Hie perpetrators of the
outrage has been found.

ADMINISTRATION. — Pension Commissioner Vespasian
Warner created consternation among the subordinates In his
department April 10 when be let it. be known that he had
issued an order citing 10 members of the Board of Pension
Review to show cause why they should not be dismissed for
irregularities and slipshod methods In passing upon cases
brought to their official attention. Mr. Warner is after the
members of the Board of Review for passing applications
for pensions from persons who were never in the Government
service. ThS members of the board have not answered MV.
Warner’s demand that they show cause why they should not
be dismissed, and it is not known what action the Commis¬

sioner will take. He declared in emphatic terms, however,
that such irregularites should be stopped in the department,
and expressed the opinion that perhaps the most effective
way to put an end to carelessness and slipshod methods
would be to make an example of the men who have been
found delinquent. . . . Notice of the temporary injunc¬

tion restraining the postmaster at Kansas City from putting
into effect the fraud order issed by the Post Office Depart¬
ment against the Ilaydock Distilling Company and Becker
Bros. & Co., two concerns doing a mail order whiskey busi¬
ness, was received by the Attorney-General for the Depart¬
ment April 11. It is inferred by the Department officials
that the temporary injunction will be made permanent and
the associate Attorney-General announced that an appeal
would be taken at once. This will bring the case before the
United States District Court of Appeals, which sits at St.
Paul on May 1. The law gives a case of this kind preced¬
ence, and every effort will be made to obtain a quick deci¬
sion. The fraud orders in question were based on the alle¬
gation that the two companies were securing business
through false representations in their advertisements, the
false representations being admitted by the manager of the
companies. The Kansas City Judge, however, holds that
a fraud order cannot be issued for false pretence and misrep¬
resentations of this character. Ilis decision is that an indi¬
vidual or company cannot be denied the use of the mails
unless he or it is engaged in some kind of a lottery business.
The importance of the question involved is apparent when it
is known that 80 per cent of the fraud orders issued by the
Post Office Department are based on the interpretation of the
law that such orders shall issue against persons securing
business through false or fraudulent pretences, representa¬
tions or promises.

VENEZUELA. — A serious hitch in the agreement re¬
cently signed between British and German bondholders
and the Venezuelan Government threatens to render
the scheme for the satisfaction of the former’s claims un¬
workable. A clause in the contract provides that the pro¬
portion of the revenues assigned to the bondholders shall he
paid to British legation and consular officials in Venezuela,
but the British government refuses its consent. The bond¬
holders are discussing an alternative arangement, but con¬
siderable doubt exists that the contract will be carried out.
Minister Bowen has made a detailed report of his negotia¬
tions with President Castro, of Venezuela, to have America’s
claims settled by arbitration and of the arbitrary refusal to
accede to this demand.

ORCHARD AND DAIRY NOTES.— There are within a ra¬
dius of eight miles perhaps 75,000 peach trees owned by 25
farmers. Not more than ten of these growers spray the trees
with lime, sulphur and salt for San ,Tos<5 scale. As the sea¬
son has been very severe, traveling In the orchard was not to
be thought of, until since the snow left; an average of snow
two feet deep was on the ground. The mice played havoc
in some sections, girdling the bark of the tree from a small
patch large as a half dollar to eight inches up the trunk
of the tree and all the way round. In one instance a man
having a block of about 1.000 trees says fully 50 per cent are
girdled; he fears beyond recovery, although he connected the
bark by inserting twigs above and below the wound. These
trees are five years old and about four to five inches in
caliper. It: has been a very cold Winter; no severe cold
(the lowest being 20 degrees below zero) that would kill
the buds, except on the very low. undrained land. A hand¬
some crop is anticipated. The Bordens have just located at
New Milford and agree to pay the farmers quite an advance
over the prevailing price received heretofore, which was
within one-quarter cent of New York Exchange. They will
receive about 300 cans daily, and expect to erect a building
which will cost $15,000, employing about 40 hands.

New Milford, N. Y. h. v.

MARKET FOR BUTTERMILK. — I saw in The R. N.-Y.
some time ago, a man wanting to know where he could find
a market for buttermilk. The people of this nart of the
world are raised on buttermilk. Our cotton mills are run
by native labor, so you see the demand is always ahead of
the supply. The article sells here at 10 cents per gallon and
any sort of butter sells for 20 cents per pound. We have
mills all over this Piedmont section of South Carolina from
two to 10 miles apart. Some of our mills employ several
thousand operatives. Our people don’t seem to take to the
truck business much. There is a good demand all the time
for vegetables, chickens, eggs, buttermilk, etc. E. H. w.

South Carolina.

INDIANA NOTES. — We have had a beautiful March,
more than the usual amount of sunshine, with only occa¬
sional Spring showers. Wheat looks fine and grass is begin¬

ning to look quite green. The heavy snow, which remained
until late, was a great protection to the Winter, or grass
crops. Poaches seem to be all killed, but otherwise we have
good prospects for all kinds of crops. Ruby Queen was
loaded witli beautiful roses last Summer but was badly win¬
ter-killed, only those branches lying flat on the ground
survived. Crimson Rambler was partially killed; shall see
to it that both plants have ample protection next Winter.
Produce and stock of ail kinds bring a good price, roads
fine and everything lively. a. s. o.

Pittsboro, Ind.

CAROLINA CROPS. — Eggs are retailing at 13 cents per
dozen ; hens 40 cents to 45 cents each ; broilers, 35 cents.
Peaches are nearly done blooming; strawberries have lots of
bloom ; corn is nearly all planted. We will plant cotton in
15 days If weather is favorable, about April 15. 1 am

cutting asparagus freely. w. T.

Aiken, S. C. _

BUSINESS BITS .

Tub 1905 model bicycles, with coaster-brakes and punc¬
ture-proof tires, would have been considered miracles of
mechanical achievement only a few decades ago, and yet they
can be bought to-day for only a fraction of the prices then
prevailing. The Mead Cycle Company, of Chicago, are offer¬
ing the finest of this year’s models at from $10 to $24, and
the models of 1903 and 1904 at. from $7 to $12. Their fac¬
tory clearing sale is attracting much attention among wheel¬
men, and their special catalogue, which they mail free, is
worthy of careful study.

There are several manure spreading machines on the
market, but there is one particular spreader which stands
out as a splendid example of worthiness. It is the
American manure spreader, made by (lie American Harrow
Company, of Detroit, M'ich. Tt is sakl that a boy can
operate this spreader as well as a man. By one lever, the
driver, without stopping his team, may gauge the flow of
manure as thick or thin, as coarse or fine, as he wishes.
The bottom, which carries the load back to the cylinder,
moves backward and forward on three frictionless wheels,
running on three steel tracks. Every farmer ought to have
the treatise on the value and uses of manures issued by
the above named firm. Send your address.

The Stoddard Mfg. Co., of Rutland. Vt., have just com¬
pleted their new silo catalogue for 1905, It is an elaborate
booklet entitled “Green Mountain Silos and Silage,” and
while if naturally points out the principal features of their
own silos, such as the patented Green Mountain door front
and doors, hoops with cold pressed threads and the lumber
used, it also takes up the advantages of using silage as
compared with other Winter feeds, making it a valuable
book for anyone interested in this important subject. The
principal claim of the Stoddard Co. for the Green Mountain
silo is, that no expense is spared to make it the best silo
manufactured. The Stoddard Co.’s new catalogue will inter¬
est yon if you are interested in silos.

Those of our readers who use or are intending to pur¬
chase power sprayers will l>e interested in the gasoline en¬
gine spraying machine manufactured by the Doming Com¬
pany, Salem, Ohio. The Doming Company are old and well
known manufacturers of all kinds of spraying devices. The
power sprayer is one of their later inventions. It meets
admirably the requirements of those who must employ a
power of some kind to spray their large trees and in their
field and orchard operations. The outfit can be conveniently
mounted on a wagon bed or tank wagon. Any style or size
of supply tank can be used. Any one Interested la power
sprayers will do well to send to the Doming Company for
their catalogue and full particulars about this machine.

The Walter A Wood Mowing and Reaping Machine Com¬
pany. whose enormous plant is located at Hoosick Falls,
New York, are the oldest Independent manufacturers of har¬
vesting machines in the world. All their purchases and
manufacturing operations are on such a large scale as to
enable them to take advantage of all concessions. This in
its turn goes to the purchaser in price, quality and ser¬
vice. This firm issues a handsome booklet which describes
their full line of harvesting machinery and gives pictures
of some of their experts whose skill makes the Walter A.
Wood products world leaders. They will gladly mall a
copy to any one interested. This is a valuable booklet, and
their liberal offer should be taken advantage of by every
farmer in the country.

There is to be found In our advertising columns a novelty
in the way of a fruit package which promises much for
growers. We refer to the Ferres fruit box, manufactured by
the .T. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., Anderson. Ind. The Ferres box
is made of corrugated paper, properly water-proofed. Tt Is
made to keep its shape by re-enforcing with tin and wood
veneer. Besides being cheaper and lighter, a great advan¬
tage it has over wooden boxes is that if does not have to be
nailed together and still is shipped packed flat, or in knocked
down form. Tt is simply stretched or pulled into proper
shape, something after the manner of egg case fillers. It is
also claimed to be an excellent non-conductor of heat and
cold. We would recommend packers and shippers of fruit
to look into the merits of this package.

THE MAPES COMPLETE MANURES

CONTAIN THE HIGHEST GRADE MATERIALS AND THE MOST
SOLUBLE AND VALUABLE PLANT-FOOD FORMS KNOWN

No. 1 PUKE PERUVIAN GUANO Rectified (by our special treatment to improve its solubility, WITHOUT ACIDITY), nitrate of
potash, carbonate ot potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc . etc. Without knowledge of the sources or character of the materials used
in making- a mixed fertilizer the chemist is unable to determine the plant food value of the ingredients, particularly organic nitrogen, phos¬
phoric acid insoluble, and all form3 of potash.

FRUIT, TRUCK AND SPECIAL CROP GROWING ON A LARGE SCALE

In many cases some of these soils are of the lightest sandy character Some in Florida have been described as “looking under a pocket magnifier
like powdered window glass.” They have little plant food resources of their own. All has to be supplied in the fertilizer.

“With judicious use of the Mapes Manures, worn-out lands can he restored to fertility quicker and with
less expense than any other way.” — American Agriculturist.

Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing of Celery (over $ 11,500 , 31 acres); a/so on Strawberries , Truck, Small
Fruit; Tobacco on Varied Soils ; Fertilizer Farming up-to-date, ( general farm crops) also “CHEMICALS AND CLOVER,” etc., giving
detailed results with the Mapes Manures by D. C Lewis, Cranbury, Hew Jersey, and others, m different sections of the country for

over twenty consecutive years; Oranges and all I ropical Fruits in Florida.

WHEAT YIELD. — Over 550 bushels wheat from 14 a res. Mr. R. W. Rives, “Carnwartli,” New Hamburgh, N. Y., President of the Dutchess
County Agricultural Society, reports: “The thresher’s measure was 542 bushels, which I find in remeasuring overran to between 550 to 560 bushels.
I consider that a fine yield, especially as I have a magnificent catch of grass besides. I used the Mapes Complete Manure.”

IN SENDING FOR PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED.

The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Company, 143 Liberty street, New York

M8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

THE FATHER LAND.

Where is the true man's fatherland?

Is it where he by chance is born?

Doth not the yearning spirit scorn
In such scant borders to be spanned?

Oh yes! his fatherland must be
As the blue heaven wide and free !

Is It alone where freedom is,

Where God is God and man is man?

Doth he not claim a broader span
For the soul's love of home than this?

Oh yes! his fatherland must be
As the blue heaven w ide and free !

Where’er a human heart doth wear

Joy's myrtle-wreath or sorrow's gyves,

Where'er a human spirit, strives
After a life more true and fair,

There is the true man’s birthplace grand,

His is a world-wide fatherland !

Where'er a single slave doth pine.

Where'er one man may help another, — •

Thank God for such a birthright, brother, —
That spot of earth is thine and mine!

There is the true man's birthplace grand.

His is a world-wide fatherland !

— Lowell.

♦

A variation in pancake syrup is made
by boiling together one quart of sweet
cider and two cupfuls of granulated
sugar. Boil slowly until about the con¬
sistency of maple syrup, and use either
hot or cold.

*

Seamless corset waists, woven in one
piece ready for fitting, are among the nov¬
elties. Armholes and neck are finished
with lace and beading, woven on as in all-
over tr’mming, and the more elaborate
styles have medallions or fancy inserts of
lace down the fronts. All the work need¬
ed to complete the waist is a ribbon draw¬
string to shape the top. which is curved
for a round neck, and the waistband and
fastenings. The material for such a cor¬
set waist costs from $1 to $1.50.

*

Here is a recipe for apple dumplings
new to us, but very good : Pare, quarter
and core tart apples. Put one tablespoon¬
ful of baking powder in one quart of
flour, add one cupful of lard and half a
teaspoonful of salt and mix with sweet
milk, make stiffer than for biscuits, roll
and cut in squares and put around the
pieces of apple. Into a deep pudding dish
put one quart of water, one cupful of
sugar and a small lump of butter. Set it
on top of the stove and let it come to a
boil. Then put in the dumplings and
bake in a brisk oven one hour.

*

An inquirer asks whether it is possible
to do heifistitching on the sewing ma¬
chine. An ingenious woman does it as
follows, with entire success : Draw the
desired number of threads, fold the hem
over, and baste with the edge in the cen¬
ter of the drawn threads. Loosen the ten¬
sion of the machine and stitch as nearly
on the edge of the hem as possible. Re¬
move the basting, and, taking the. goods
in one hand and the hem in the other, pull
the edge of hem to the bottom of the
drawn threads. The effect of the work is

very close to that of real hemstitching.
*

This is Mrs. Rorer's recipe for hot
cross buns : Beat a quarter cup of butter
to a cream; add four tablespoonfuls of
sugar and then add gradually a pint of
milk that has been scalded and cooled ;
add a yeast cake, dissolved, and sufficient
flour to make a batter. Beat thoroughly.
Stand in a warm place for about three
hours. Then add four eggs well beatei
and flour enough to make a soft dough.
Knead carefully. Stand aside until very
light and form into buns. Cut them ir:
the center; brush them with sugar and

white of egg and bake in a quick oven.

*

Egg nest is very light and dainty, and
makes a pleasant change from ordinary
modes of serving. Beat the white of a
new-laid egg to a stiff froth, and heap it
on a piece of toast. Make a little inden¬

tation in the top, and slip the yolk into
that, put in the oven until the egg is set.
Season with salt and pepper, and put a
tiny bit of butter on top before serving.
For poached egg nest butter the inside of
a cup and pour in the stiffly-beaten white
of a fresh egg. Make a little nest in the
center and carefully drop in the yolk.
Squeeze a drop or two of lemon juice on
top, and set the cup in a basin of boiling
water. In cooking, the froth will rise to
the top of the cup. As soon as the white
is set, invert a plate over the top of the
cup and turn out. Sprinkle with a very
little minced parsley and serve quickly.
These ways of serving will often tempt an
invalid or delicate child to eat a fresh
egg, when it would be otherwise rejected.
*

Some pretty neck dressings for long¬
necked women consist of a band of fine
insertion or beading one or l'A inch wide,
having a narrow frill or ruche standing
up on the upper side, and a deeper frill
falling towards the shoulders on the low¬
er side. Cuffs are made to match, the
deeper frill on the upper side. A simple
and easily laundered stock is a plain col¬
lar piece of mercerized cheviot or pique,
bound with linen, and decorated with a
band of inch-wide nainsook beading along
the lower side. A colored silk tie is
slipped through the beading, and tied in
a four-in-hand knot at the front. This
stock is very suitable for young girls. A
great display of muslin and lace chemi¬
settes is now made; they are likely to be
very largely worn with the popular sur¬
plice waists this coming Summer. The
prices vary from 25 cents up to many dol¬
lars, but the cheap ones arc so coarse in
material and workmanship that they en¬
tirely miss the dainty effect desired. Fine
all-over tucking and insertion will make
very pretty chemisettes at moderate cost,
the collar being finished with a narrow
lace frill at the top, and cuffs may be
made to match.

*

Some very conscientious, but not tactful
wives would do well to study the attitude
of the wise woman who refers to her
methods thus in the Youth’s Companion:

Mrs. Benton had been away for a much-
needed vacation, and “Aunt Jane,” her
husband’s sister, had kept house for her.
When she came home the house looked
bright and shining, but Jane seemed a
good deal depressed. The two women sat
down together the next morning, after
Mr. Benton had gone to his office, and
took account of stock.

“I don’t believe you've had a very good
time, after all.” said Mrs. Benton, looking
at her sister-in-law keenly, after they had
discussed the state of the larder.

"Oh. yes,” was the answer. “Only I
feel sort of depressed, I’ve made so many
mistakes.”

How did you know they were mis¬
takes?” inquired Mrs. Benton. “Did
Henry tell you?”

"Well, yes, I suppose so. He did say
his wife was the only good manager he
knew. That was after I’d bought some
canned soups, and had to send them back
because they were the wrong kind.”

“What made you tell him they were the
wrong kind? Why didn’t you serve them
piping hot and say nothing?”

“Why, I don’t know ! Anyway, I found
out that you’d never think of such a thing
as buying a canned soup.”

“What else did you do wrong?” in¬
quired Mrs. Benton, dryly.

“I used the table butter for cooking.
Henry said that was frightfully extrava¬
gant, and in all your life you’d never been
guilty of such a thing. Those are only
two mistakes, but there were lots of
others. No, Cynthia, I’m not a good man¬
ager.”

“Well, I am,” said Mrs. Benton, firmly,

“and hereafter you take pattern by me. I
haven’t had a stock kettle for years. I al¬
ways buy canned soups, and I talk over
the neighborhood news, while T'enry eats
them blissfully. I have never had an
ounce of cooking butter in my house. I
agree with the person who said there is
but one appropriate place for cooking but¬
ter, and that is on the axles of wheels. But
I never discuss those subjects with Henry.
My dear, why should I ? He is quite
right. I’m a good manager; but what’s
the use of managing, if I can’t manage
Henry?” _

“Where’s Aunty?”

A reader asks us to print the follow¬
ing clipping from the Youth's Companion,
saying that it seems meant for Charity
Sweetheart :

From the Increasing division of labor, — not
only in factories, but in social life, — there
arises grave danger that many things well
worth doing will l>e neglected. A district
nurse, a trained charity visitor, a kinder¬
garten teacher, a clergyman, a sanitary in¬
spector, a Sunday-school teacher, and all
the other specialists of our highly special¬
ized time cannot do all that is necessary
for a slum. So, although there may be, in
abundance, teachers and private tutors and
housekeepers and doctors and gymnasts and
expensive lecturers and experts of all sorts
and kinds, yet town, village or city may
still be much in need of some of the most
precious elements of life.

The Professor of Odds and Ends will still
have a place in the scheme of things. The
most brilliantly successful of these nameless
workers is "the old maid.” She is the pivot
on which society turns. She becomes “aunty”
to everybody. At her best, she is ready
to take over anybody's job, and the chances
are that she does it better than its owner.

A sick child prefers her to the trained
nurse. Her cake is more toothsome than
that made by the professional cook. Her
talk is the brightest at the dinner-table; her
judgment is the clearest iu any household
perplexity; her sympathy is the quickest in
trouble.

What we should do without this unselfish,
cheerful, lonely spinster it is difficult to
guess. The average bachelor is a social toy,
but not a worker, lie seems made to amuse;
or to be amused. But the average old
maid is a blessing of tlje sort that money
cannot buy, and that gratitude cannot pay.

Whenever the Rule children of her special
flock are in trouble or pain, they call loudly,
“Where's aunty?" and in hours of stress and
struggle the whole world seems to join the
cry, “Where’s aunty?”

PAPER ’Xi? WALLS

I3NT ow is Tlio Tim n

to decorate your home ; don’t Buy wall papers until you
see our offer. Gilts, Kmltossed, Silks, and Ingrains at 5 to
12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you 50 p.c. : we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our free book otsamples with complete |
instructions for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPKR AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

44 Fre« from the care which wearies and
annoys.

Where every hour brings Its several joys.”

“AMERICA’S

SUMMER

RESORTS.”

This is one of the most complete
publications of its kind, and will
assist tbose who are wondering-
where they will go to spend their
vacation this summer.

It contains a valuable map, in
addition to much interesting in¬
formation regarding resorts on or
reached by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES.

A copy will be sent free, upon receipt of a
two-cent stamp, by George H Daniels, Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent. New York Oentral &
Hudson River Railroad, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, Now York.

J1 t ft, m cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards.
Book 54F Free. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo. N Y

THE FISH BRAND SLICKER
A VALUED FRIEND

“A good many years ago I bought a
FISH BRAND Slicker, and it has proven
a valued friend for many a stormy day, but
now it is getting old and I must have
another. Please send me a price-list.”

(The name of this worthy doctor, obliged to be out in all
sorts of weather, will be given on application.)

HIGHEST AWARD WORLD'S FAIR. 1904.

A. T. TOWER CO. ^-nVVFP'o

Boston, U. S. A. ^*3

TOWER CANADIAN
COMPANY, Limited
Toronto, Canada

Wet Weather Clothing, Suits, and Hats for
all kinds of wet work or sport

8SS

A KALAMAZOO
DIRECT TO

We will send you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

If you are not perfectly satisfied with it in every way, return it
Oten our expense. No quibble nor trouble. We guarantee under a

Thermomeiir 820,000 bond that there is no better stove or range made than the
Kalamazoo, and we save you from 20# to 40# because we give you

LOWEST FACTORY PRICES.

We have exceptional facilities for manufacturing; we own and operate one of the larg
est and best equipped stove factories in the world, and we
are the only actual manufacturers who sell the ent ire prod¬
uct direct to the user by mail. If you want the best pro¬
curable article at a big saving ,we know we can satisfy you.

Send Postal for Free Catalogue No. 114

describing full line of cook stoves, ranges and heaters
of all kinds for all domestic purposes and for all kinds
fuel. All of the highest quality, built with s
reference to long life and economy of fuel,
blacked, polished and ready for immediate use.

All cook stoves and ranges equipped
with patented oven thermometer.

It save fuel and makes baking easy.

at

PAY
THE
FREIGHT

Investigate our offer and
save money.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

PRICE EXPLAINED

FOB $6.00 TO $15.00, .toves similar to the

range Illustrated hereon have been often advertised.

How steel ranges can be offered at these prices and
why we can sell the highest grade blue polished steel
ranges In the world at much lower prices than any
other house Is all explained tn our new lllg Free Spe¬
cial Stove Catalogue. Cut this advertisement out
and send it to us and you will receive by return mail
free, postpaid, our new special stove catalogue fully
describing this handsome steel range with high shelf,
warming closet, deep porcelain lined reservoir, rich
nickel trimmings us well as the most complete line of
highest grade stoves and rangeB made In the
world, all shown in large, handsome halftone Illustra¬
tions, full descriptions and all priced at prices much
lower than any other house can possibly make, prices
that will astonish and please you. With the big free
_ catalogue you will receive the most Wonderfully Lib¬
eral Stove Offer ever heard of, a new and marvelous proposition. Why we can sell at much lower prices than all
others will be fullv explained. Wo will explain why wo can Bhip your stove the day we receive your order, why
we make the freight charges so very low— next to nothing. You will get our free trial offer, safe and prompt
delivery guarantee, binding quality guarantee. You will get our very latest stove proposition.

CDCIf'UT DDCDAin plan explained. We will tell you just what the freight will amount to on any stove to
rnEIUn I rnErMIU any town. Don’t think of buying a stove of any kind, at any price, until you first
write and get this catalogue. If you can’t use a cook stove or Hue steel range at any price, call your neighbor's
attention to this advertisement. Don’t fall to write now for our big new special stove catalogue, free with all our
new offers, all the marvelous price surprises, everything explained, all free for the asking. We will tell you soine-

ought to know. Address; SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

349

The Rural Patterns.

Young girls are apt to look their best
when wearing simple waists that are be¬
comingly made. No. 4991 is admirable
for all seasonable materials. White linen
worn with an embroidered turn-over and
colored tie and belt are the materials illus¬
trated, but silk and wool waistings can be

4991 Misses’ Blouse or Shirt Waist,
12 to 16 years.

utilized as well as the washable ones.
The waist is made with fronts and back
and is finished with a regulation box
pleat at the center, through which the
closing is made. The sleeves are the new
ones that are full at the shoulders and at
the cuffs, which are straight and are but¬
toned over at the openings. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size (.14 years) is 3 yards 21. 3 '/2 yards
27 or yard 44 inches wide. The par-
tern 4991 is cut in sizes for misses of 12,
14 and 16 years of age ; price 10 cents.

No. 4982 includes wide tucks at the
shoulders, and allows a choice of the
rolled over or plain collar and cuffs. In
the case of the model the material is
white madras, but all those that are in
vogue for separate waists and shirt waist
dresses are correct. The double box pleat

4982 Blouse or Shirt Waist,
32 to 40 bust.

effect at the front, given by the narrow
tucks, is a feature, and the lines pro¬
duced by the wide tucks are peculiarly de¬
sirable. The waist is made with fronts
and back and includes sleeves that are full
at both shoulders and wrists. At the
waist is a shaped belt with pointed ends.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 4 yards 21, 3J4 yards 27
or 2l/s yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
4982 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38 and
40 inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

Some Posy Beds.

I.

There are three sorts of flower beds I
especially like. One holds only annuals,
and I sometimes think it the gayest, most
easily managed, and most nroductive of
the three, though each has its own charms
and advantages. In planning the flower
garden locality is everything. This bed
of annuals I so enjoy extends for a hun¬
dred feet along the side of a driveway
leading from the front gate. It is about
six feet wide. The situation is open and
sunnv, and the soil a light loam, inclining
to sandiness, a soil in which all but the
finest seeds germinate readily if sown
directly in the border. The Ugh*- soil and
the sunshine are, you see, just the things
most annuals like. The best thing about

this fl»wec bed is that it eentains nothing
which survives the Winter. We may bed
out our geraniums there, put in fairy lilies,
tuberoses, and Dahlias, but at freezing-up
time the border is empty. Any day when
the men can best attend to it they bring
a load of compost and scatter there. As
the soil lacks humus and is inclined to dry
out, a barnyard compost is preferable to
other sort of fertilizer. Later they plow
and harrow the whole strip, and you who
know the slow labor of forking up beds
will appreciate the ease and thoroughness
with which this border is made ready.

This sort of garden has no walks to be
hoed, no edgings to be kept trimmed.
The plow cuts off the grass roots squarely
and in five months they do not creep back
far. When sowing seeds we keep a piece
of board handy and stand on that to avoid
treading down the soft earth. After
that one may walk about the bed when
gathering flowers and do no harm. Of
course, such a garden calls for some hoe¬
ing and raking, but the deep plowing and
some care lest weeds ever go to seed
there, help about lightening the work.
Counted as an investment the labor is a
small item compared to the vasefuls,
handfuls, yes, basketfuls the bed yields
each season in the way of blossoms.

Our favorite sorts of flowers? Any¬
thing, everything, that is gay, “pretty to
pick,” and will thrive there. No vines, of
course, no roses, no hardy plants, not even
sweet peas, unless we can be sure of brush
for them to climb on. But poppies, Pe¬
tunias, Phlox Drummondi, Portulaca,
Salvia, stocks, Verbenas, Zinnias, mari¬
golds, Calliopsis, Asters, with Sweet
Alyssum and mignonette scattered all
between, and groups of the Summer¬
flowering bulbs here and there. Not that
the border holds all these in one season.
\\ e like to vary it each year. Sometimes
a few Coleus have been kept over Winter
and give slips which go a long way in
brightening up the border with constant
dashes of color.

There are various ways of arranging
such a bed. One may plant Portulacas and
Alyssum on the side next the lawn ; Dahl¬
ias, double sunflowers, Cosmos and the
tallest sorts along the farther side and
those of medium height between. Again
place at each end and at two or three
points between, a castor-oil plant, sur¬
rounded by Cannas or scarlet sage, and
let things of lower growth fill in between.
Too much regularity is not worth while.
Leave that to the formal beds gardeners
delierht to elaborate. Let the farm flower
beds be all of the “cut and come again”
sort. But it pays to have some regard for
colors. No flower display is complete
without white, and touches of yellow are
like patches of sunshine to brighten up the
rest.

It will be noticed that this sort of posy
bed leaves out many garden favorites, does
not suit every locality, nor meet the tastes
and resources of all rural wives and
daughters, yet you will agree with me that
such a border of blossoms would lend to
any farm home that touch of poesy with¬
out which even the grandest houses are
but barren habitations, and with which
even a cabin may appear homelike and in¬
viting. I merely urge that it is an ex¬
cellent' and easy way of growing annuals.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

Hard Soap. — I have an old kettle past
use for cooking, so I use it to keep the
extra drippings, and when I get six
pounds I make soap from the recipe
winch is on a can of B. T. Babbitt’s pot¬
ash or lye. I use a box 12 x 15 inches for
a mold, lined with a piece of wet cotton
cloth ; when cool cut into cakes, and when
cold lift out by the cloth and put in a
warm place. When ready to pour I add
two tablespoonfuls of powdered borax
and two tablespoonfuls of ammonia.

M. B.

Nothing can work me damage, except
myself; the harm that I sustain I carry
about with me, and never am a real suf¬
ferer but by my own fault. — St. Bernard.

irness

We sell custom made, i
tanned harness by mail.
styles.Guaranteed to give
isfaetion or (roods retur
at our expense and nu
back. Illustrated catalc
F and price list free.
The KING H ARNESS
4 Lake St.
Owi'Ko, Tioga Co., N.

Widely known as a reliable remedy
for bronchial diseases. Afford prompt
relief for Coughs and Hoarseness.

Imitations.

BREECH-LOADING SHOTGUN & OUTFIT.

SEND US $3.98

and we will send you
this 12-tauge. 30-
Inch single barrel
breech loading shot¬
gun and the complete
outfit aa shown, with
the understanding If
you do not find It per-
f e c 1 1 y satisfactory,
one of the strongest
guns made, equal to
any In shooting qual¬
ities, and If you do
not find the outfit
complete and high
grade, you can return
the goods at our ex¬
pense and we will Im¬
mediately return
your money. The gun
has a line steel bar¬
rel, taper choke bored, plain shell extractor, top snap break, pistol grip, patent butt
plate, beautifully finished. Guaranteed one of the best single barrel breech loaders ever produced. The outfit
includes 25 high grade paper shells loaded with No. 6 shot, one take-down Victoria canvas gun cover, leather
handle, nicely bound, 1 good reloading set consisting of seven pieces: One graduated powder and shot
measure, 1 shell crimper with expelling pin, I decapper and loader with base block, 1 loading block. 1 recapper, 1
ring shell extractor. 1 cleaning rod with wool swab, scratch brush and wiper and 1 webbing shell belt. We bought
14.000 of the breech loaders at a forced sale, and while they last will make the ridiculously low price of $3.98
FOR THE GUN AND THE COMPLETE OUTFIT. If you don’t send $3.98 for this bargain gun and outfit, don't
fall to write for our free Gun Catalogue full of price surprises. $ 1 0.90 for one of tho best double barrel ham¬
merless breech loading shotguns ever made; $1.29 per hundred for the best 12-gauge loaded shotgun shells
made; 19 cents per 100 for best 22 caliber cartridges ever made; $ I 8.03 for Winchester repeating shotguns;
$17.50 for Remington double barrel shotguns with steel barrels; $18.25 for Marlin take-down shotguns; best
five-shot automatic, self-cocking revolvers, $2. 75. Liberal terms, easy conditions, wonderfully liberal offers,

SENdVoVit! Address': SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHiCAGO, ILLINOIS.

Save half your cloth¬
ing moneys Buy direct
from the mill. Men’s
all wool suits $7.50 to
$12. 50. All desirable
weaves and patterns.
Finely tailored and fin¬
ished. Suits guaranteed
to give satisfaction.

Buy from the Mill
Save Half

Two

Suits

for

One

Price

HOOD RUBBERS

/hood\

TRADE (rubber commmv) MARK)

\ BOSTON J' ‘

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/£ rots c/i/v/vor get these bub -
SFffS F/fOflf FOi//? 0fJ4££/?-fV/?/r£ c/s

5% And Safety

Ladies’

Spring

Dress

Goods

A new idea for women.
Buy your spring dress
goods direct from the
mill at wholesale prices.
All the latest colors
and shades. Panamas,
Broadcloths, Brillian-
tines, Henriettas, Silk-
downs. Catalogue and
samples free. Express
charges paid.

CLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,

203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

U/* a ^

ypyJLAHHVMW VI

PROFESSIONAL men and
* others with limited oppor¬
tunity for profitable home In¬
vestment are advised by many
conservative authorities to
utilize the facilities of this Com¬
pany for effecting loan son high-
class real estate. Our ^certi¬
ficate" system is the simplest
plan for mail investment.
Write for detailed iulorroation.

835 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
, days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Assets, . 81,700.000
Surplus and I’rofits,
8160,000

Industrial Savings A LoanCo*
1134 Broadway, Nkw York.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight and durable.
OurTowers will »taipl In any storm.

Get our references in your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

Rural Boxes

") New boxes always look pretty, and many have do-funny f\

attachments cute enough for Christmas toys, but time '
and the elements are the only true test. E. S. Whitte-
more of Troy, O. writes us: "On my route I sold 70 odd
of your boxes in 1902 and they are just as good as the
day they were put up. While the other makes are
showing the effects of the wear more or less." We want
agents on every old routo to replace those “other
makes. "Liberal discounts. Address,

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Michigan.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO.,

Meriden, Conn., U, S. A,

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service. Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Ever bloom ins Dwarf Crimson Rambler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FKKE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., HlRlitstown, N.J.

WIRE-$I.40 Per IOO Lbs.

Smooth galvanized wire, put up 100
lbs. to a bale, lengths running up to
250ft. No. 14 guage, per 100 lbs. *1.40.
Write for prices on other gauges.
Fence staples, per 100 lbs., 12.00. Wire
nails.mixedin akeg.per 1001bp.,*1.60.
Barbed wire, per lOOlbs., 12.35. Poultry
netting, steel fence, etc., atlow prices.
Ask for Cutnlogue No. E, 6 7
on merchandise of all kinds from
Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ sales.

Cllll AUO llOl’SK WRKCK1.NU CO., West 85th & Iron Sts., Chicago

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
Rural Mail Box. and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factor] 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

ar BICYCLES ON TRIAL

for 10 days. We ship on ap¬
proval to anyone "without a cent deposit.

1905 ®ei8 $w to $24

with Coaster-Brakes & Puncture-Proof Tires.
1908 Sc 1904 Models

oftiest makes . M • €/ m mS

500 Second-Hand Wheels

All makes & Mod- $ O $ n

els good as now O It/ 0
RIDER AGENTS WANTED In
each town at good pay. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.
TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO.t Dept, w so CHiCAGO

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Means less labor, more and
better butter, larger profits, be-
ciiusc it

Separates Clean.

Has three times the separating
power of other makes. Does
not. mix water with milk.
Easier to clean and operate.
No waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout. Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to¬
day. W e want good agents.

KA DEM CREAM SEPARATOR COJ

30 KaDcxx Bldg. ROCHESTER, B.T.

Get it

from your

Uf}Q

Druggist,

STREN GTH-GI VER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

35o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 22,

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending April 15, 11105. Wholesale except as
noted.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern, Du¬
luth . — @1.10%

No. 2, red . . . — @1.08%

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 52%

Oats, mixed . — @ 35

BEANS.

Marrow . 2.75 @3.00

Medium . 1.75 @2.20

Pea . 1.50 @1.75

Red Kidney . 2.70 @2.75

Wnite Kidney . — @3.10

Black Turtle Soun . — @3.25

Yellow Eye . 2.10 @2.15

FEED.

Wholesale.

Spring Bran . — @17.75

Flour Middlings . — @20.75

Red Dog . — @23.25

Hominy Chop . — @19.75

Retail Western New Y'ork.

Snring Bran . -..21.00 @22.00

Winter Bran . 22.00 @23.00

Middlings . 23.00 4/24.00

Rod Dog . 26.00 @28.00

Gluten Feed . 28.00 @29.00

Gluten M'eal . 30.00 @31.00

Oil Meal . 33.00 @34.00

SEEDS.

Timothy, 100 lhs . — @6.50

Red Top, 100 lbs . — @14.00

Blue Grass, 100 IDs . — @12.00

Orchard Grass, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Awnless Brome, 100 lbs . — @15.00 •

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . — @17.00

Alsike, 100 lbs . — @17.00

, Clover, Medium Red, 100 lbs.. — @17.00

Crimson Clover, 100 lbs . — @8.50

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay. No. 1 .

(a)

80

No. 2 .

. 7<>

@

72%

No. 3 .

. 65

67%

Clover, mixed .

@

80

Clover .

67%

Straw, Long rye .

. .

4/

90

Short .

. 60

@

75

MILK.

In effect April 10 the New York Exchange
price was reduced one-fourth cent per quart,
making a net of 2% cents per quart in 26
cent zone, $1.41 per 40-quart can gross.

BETTER.

Creamery, extra. . 31 @ 32

Firsts . 29 @ 30 1/2

Seconds . 26 @ 28

Thirds . 22 @ 25

Storage, high grades . 25 (Ur 28

State Dairy, extra . 29 @ 30

Lower grades . 22 @ 26

Imitation Creamery . 20 @ 24

Factory . 19 @ 21

Renovated . IS @ 24

1 acklng Stock . 16 @ 19

CHEESE.

Full Cream, small, fey . — @ 14%

Small, fine . — @ 13%

Small, choice . — @ 13%

Small, fa 1 r to good . 1 2 % @ 12 %

Small, poor . 10%@ 11%

Eight Skims, choice . 10% @ 10%

Full Skims . 4 % @ 5%

EGGS.

White, fancy . 20 @ 21

Choice, mixed . 18 @ 19

Western and Southern . 15%@ 17%

Duck Eggs . 28 @ 34

Goose Eggs . 65 @ 75

DRTED FRCITS.

Apples, evaporated, fey . — @ 7

Evaporated, choice . 6 @ 6%

Evaporated, com. to good... 4 @ 5

Sun dried . 2 @ 4

Chops, 100 lbs . — @1.50

Cores and Skins, 100 lbs... 90 @1.00

Raspberries . 24 @ 25

Huckleberries . 10 @ 11

Blackberries . 6%@ 7

Cherries . 13% @ 15

FRESH FRUITS.

Apnles, Spltzenburg . 1.50 @3.00

Ben Davis . 1.25 @2.50

Spy . 2.00 @3.00

Baldwin . 1.25 @2.50

Greening . . . 1.00 @3.00

Russet . 1.50 @3.00

Cranberries, bbl . 4.00 @6.00

Strawberries, N. Car., open

crates, qt . 10 @ 15

Charleston, refriga tor

chests, qt . . 20 @ 30

Charleston, open crates . 20 @ 28

Florida, open crates . 18 @ 22

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, St. and W'n. 180 lbs. 1.00

Maine. 168 lb. bag . 1.00

Long Island, bbl . 1.50

Sweet Potatoes. Jersey, bbl. 1.2.50
Asnaragus, Charleston, Col..

dozen . . 3.50

Prime . 1.75

California fc.v. green . 7.00

Beets, old, bbl . 1.00

Southern. 100 bunches . 1.00

Carrots, old, bbl . 75

Southern. 100 bunches . 1.00

Cabbage, Danish seed, red.

ton . 20.00

Danish seed, white . 5.00

Domestic seed . 5.00

New, bbl., crate . 1.00

Celery, doz . 20

Kale, Norfolk bbl . 50

Onions, bbl . 2.00

Peppers, Fla., 20-qt. carrier. . .1.00

Peas, 1-3-hbl. bkt . 1.00

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

Spinach, bbl . 50

String Beans. 1-3 bbl. bkt... .1.50

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25

Turnips, Rnta baga. bbl . 50

Tomatoes, Fla.. 20-qt. carrier. 2.00

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers. No. 1, doz . 75

Lettuce, doz . 25

Mushrooms, lb . 25

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

Rhubarb, lb . 4

Tomatoes, lb . 10

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . —

Fowls .

Turkeys . —

Ducks, pair . 60

Geese, pair . 1.25

Pigeons, pair . —

@1.25

@1.20

@2.00

@4.50

@4.50
@2.25
@8.00
47 1.25
@5.00
@1.25
@ 5.00

@30.00
@15.00
@10.00
@2.00
@ 90
@ 60
@3.50
4/ 2.25
@2.25
@3.00
@ 75
@3.00
@1.75
@ 75

@4.50

@1.00
@ 75

4; 60

@3.00
@ 8
@ 30

@ 12
@1 1 5

@ 16
@ 80
@1.62
@ 25

15

@

20

35

@

40

17

@

20

12

@

14

1.50

@2.75

DRESSED POULTRY

Turkeys . 15

Chickens, 3% to 4 lbs to pair

lb .

M’ixed Sizes, lb . 17

Fowls . 12

Squabs, doz . 1.50

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, veal, lb . 7%

Barnyards .

Lambs, hothouse, head . 4.00

Hogs .

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 5.00

Oxen .

Bulls . 3.25

Cows . 1.75

Calves, veal . 4.00

Sheep . 4.25

Lambs . 4.50

Hogs

. V

FARM CHEMICALS.

7%

@

9

5

@

6

4.00

@8.

.00

4

@

8%

5.00

@6

.70

—

@4.

65

@5.

00

@4.

75

4.00

@7.

00

@6.

00

@7.

50

6.10

@6.

25

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda . —

Muriate of Potash . —

Acid Phosphate . —

Ivainit . —

Dried Blood . —

Tankage . —

Bone Meal . —

Peruvian Guano . —

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots lb. . . —

Copper Sulphate, bbl. lots lb. . —

@50.00
@43.00
@12.50
@12.00
@45.00
@35.00
@25.00
@37.00
@ 2%
@ 6%

WANT TO KNOW .

Tak on Tin Roof. — Do any readers of The
It. N.-Yr. know how tar operates on a tin roof
for protection and durability? Is it any bet¬
ter than paint? w. a. h.

Hammonton, N. ,T.

Air Pressure Water System. — On page
94 I notice a description of a water system.
Being specially interested in that, question
and seeing a system at the World’s Fair
that works with air pressure I would like
to knew whether any of your readers have
used the air pressure system, and if so how
it works. What would the difference in ip-
stalling the two systems be? G. D. r.

Colorado.

Thick-Necked Onions. — In 1903 I had
some late planted onions, and few if any of
them hardened down. Most of them were
left in the ground and the following sea¬
son I sold a good many of them for bunch
onions. I had only a small piece and sold
direct to customers and I think likely the
failure to make good ripened bulbs was be¬
cause they were late, rather than because
of poor seed, but that was the way I used
many of them. x.

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
cation. Robt. C. Reeves Co., 187 Water St„ N.Y. City

WE ARE BREEDERS OF
REGISTERED JACKS,
SADDLE HORSES,

AND

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky

MAGNOLIA FARM B. P. ROCKS

Best of layers, Eggs, 15, 75c.; 30, $1.25, Exhib. Health
and Fertility guaranteed. Beautiful Double Dahlias,
all colors. Two roots, 25c.; 10. $1. Post-paid.

Mrs. J. F. PERRY, R. 1. Lewes, Del.

DOES IT PAY

FROST*

BEST*

CHEAPEST

flimsy v

you can secure the " FROST ” at about the same
price, that will last three times as long.

New catalogue for the asking.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

NINETEEN YEARS’ SERVICE

No repair* excepting new posts,
and still good fences, is a good
record, but we are constantly im¬
proving the Quality of Page-Wire
and our process of galvanizing,
and are weaving Page Fences
more firmly than ever before.
We aim to make the best fence,
and ‘‘A PAGE today is n PAGE
to stay. ” W rite for catalog.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. Box 747, Adrian, Mich.

WANTED - By experienced young man, single,
position as working foreman or manager on
large farm. Please state wages in first letter and
save valuable time. References. Address,

“R. K.” care of Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED— A Hollander as Herdsman on a Dairy
Farm. Single man and best of references re-
uired. Address H. 0. Remsen, Supt., Homestead
airy Farm, Coleman’s Station, Dutcness Co., N. Y.

Qi

D

MAPS.Reports.Descripttve Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board or Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N.Y.

Oldest Commission SESk1 bu£^i2£:

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

ATTENTION

—Needing male
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. HEliZ, Genl. Mgr., 99Montgoniery St., Jersey City, N. J.

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Yi
c.res.

$8,000

210

acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
1 cash, A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

The

Business Farmer

Uses the

StocKbridge Special
Manures

IT is known that the average farm soil contains po¬
tential or natural fertility, which, if it could be ex¬
tracted, would be sufficient for many years of
successive cropping, but it is so tightly locked up
that it is not available for present needs, and it becomes
available only through processes of decay and disintegra¬
tion, which are too slow to meet the requirements of the
business farmer who is growing quick crops for quick re¬
turns. A potato crop is often planted, grown, and har¬
vested in ninety days. The business farmer wants to be
sure of a crop this year. Hence he applies manure or
fertilizer of some kind. If he applies the

STOCKBRIDGE SPECIAL MANURES,

which are based on the needs of the crop, and not upon the
needs of the soil, — of which we know but little, — he will
insure his crop as no other method or fertilizer will insure
it. Try them and see. They are no experiment. They
have been on the market for thirty years.

We have to take great chances with the weather.
We should take no unnecessary chances with the soil.

It will pay you to read our large illustrated catalogue (which we send free) or
to consult our nearest Local Agent before you buy your fertilizers this season.

ROWIfFD fertilizer company

AJ xJ FT IV Ll R Boston New York Buffalo Cincinnati

Boston New York
(Kindly address office nearest to you)

RUBEROID

Water ‘i« Acid Proof
- Fire Resisting

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

14 Years Record for
Durability ai Efficiency

ROOFING

Manufactured solely by THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, 100 William St,, N. Y. City

Saw Mills

^ From 4 h.p. size to largest made. Favor¬
ites in every lumber district, because hi gh-
est grade. Edgers, Trimmers, Planers, Wood
Saws, Shingle and Lath Mills, etc. Catalog free.

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.,

610 Engineering Bldg., New York.

Endorsed by veterinarians
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

FARMS

For rich farming and fruit growing
Write J. D. S. HANSON, Hart, Mlcb

50 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

200-ACHE DAIRY’ FARM; cuts 100 tons hay;
level, smooth fields; 500 young apple trees in bearing;
1,000 cords wood; pasture for 40 cattle; to get quick
sale owner has cut price to only $3,500; perfect title.
Details, with cut showing buildings, together with
“ Strout’s Spring List” (illustrated), describing 200
farm bargains, many with stock and tools included,
mailed FREE. Address E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau Street, New York City, or Treinont
Temple, Boston.

5 -ACRE
FARMS,

SIOO

WEST EGG HARBOR, N. J
$5 DOWN $5 MONTHLY

RICH, LOAMY SOIL, free from rocks and
stones; especially adapted for truck, vegetables,
fancy-priced strawberries and other early fruits,
poultry and squab-raising. Almost perfect cli¬
mate — no severe heat nor cold. Plowing generally
begins in February. Level country— -nigh, dry,
healthy. No swamps, no malaria. Pure water,
pine air, ocean breezes.

LOCATED on two railroads— main lines of the
Pennsylvania and Reading, between Philadelphia
and Atlantic City. Only 17 miles from Atlantic
City — the greatest seashore resort in the world,
and a high-priced market all year round. Other
good markets near by. Within gunshot of Egg
Harbor City, with good schools, churches, stores,
bank, newspapers.

TITLE INSURED and guaranteed free and
clear. Immediate possession. If you wish, we’ll
build you a house and take payment monthly,
like rent.

FIVE ACRES, $100— and thousands of men in
this part of South Jersey make handsome in¬
comes from these five-acre plots. Garden plots,
containing one acre, $35. And the terms are very
easy— only $5 down and $5 monthly.

AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT this is
unequaled. Buy the land, even if you don't want
to live on it, and hold it for the rapid increase
in value which has already begun.

MAP AND BOOKLET sent free. Write to-day

DOBBS & FRAZIER,

620 Bailey Building, Phila., Penna.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

_ _ _ _ a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Less to Bun. Quickly, easily started. Novibration. Canbemountedonany wagon at sniaH cost— portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND for CATALOGUE. T1IE TEMPLE PUMP CO-, Mfrs., Uettfhcr A lt>th HU., Chicago, THIS IS OUR HbTY-FIRST YEAH.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER..

35i

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

It may interest you to know how the
mail is handled in a large publishing
house. Our system is as follows :

First of all the letters are put into a
leather mail bag at the Postoffice and
locked. This is brought to the office and
opened by some one in charge of the
key. Then the envelopes are all cut with
a sharp-pointed knife. They then go to
clerks, who remove the contents of each
envelope, separating those which con¬
tain money from the others. Those which
contain no money are put into baskets for
the editorial and advertising and other
business departments. Then each letter
containing money is carefully examined,
and the amount of the remittance is plain¬
ly marked on the letter with blue pencil.
Then the money is handed over to the
cashier, who makes up a schedule showing
just what each item is recened for, and
the different amounts are entered on the
books to the proper credits. His schedule
must ultimately agree with the list made
up by the clerks who open the mail and
pass the remittances on to him.

Now we come to the handling of the
subscription mail. Each of these letters
contains one or more subscriptions and
a remittance. The remittance has been
passed on to the cashier, and the amount
is marked, as I have said, on each let¬
ter. These are compared with the sub¬
scription list, so as to make sure which
are new and which renewal orders. These
are kept separate for a time. To credit
up the renewals, we have only to find the
name on the mailing list, and change the
date to credit you for the amount of your
subscription. But a list has to be made
of the new names and given to the type¬
setters properly indexed, so that the
names go on the list in the proper place.
This list is arranged alphabetically by the
Postoffices, there being a separate list for
each State. This is why it is necessary
for you to always give your Postoffice ad¬
dress with a remittance. After these
names have been put in type and placed
on the list, and the dates charged on the
renewal subscriptions, one clerk holds the
proof from the printer and another the
written lists, and the two are compared
to see that no error has been made.
When these corrections, if any, are made
the proof is again compared with the list
and now it is ready to he used in mail¬
ing your paper. The list is cut up, leav¬
ing one name on a tab by a little ma¬
chine which pasts it on the paper at the
same time. This is the tab containing
your name which you see on the paper
every week.

. But we are not through with the day’s
mail yet. A large cabinet in the office
contains long narrow drawers, which slide
in and out one above the other like the
drawers in a bureau, only smaller. These
drawers contain cards 3x5 inches, and
there is one card for each name on the
subscription list. One of these cards con¬
tains your name and address, the date and
amount of every remittance you have
sent in during the last five years, and the
date of the expiration of your subscrip¬
tion. It also tells whether the subscrip¬
tion came direct from you, or if not, the
name of the sender and a record of any
hook or other matter mailed you. One
of these cards is found in the cabinet for
each renewal of subscription sent in for
the day; and the clerk has only to find
the card, put in the record of, the renewal
just received, and replace the card in the
cabinet. For each new subscription a
new card is made out, giving name and
address in addition to the record of the
order. These are then placed alphabeti¬
cally in the cabinet. In this way a
double record of each subscription ac¬
count is kept. It involves a great deal of
work, as you see, but by this system few
mistakes are made. Still, an error will
creep in now and then. When they oc¬
cur we are, of course, able to trace the
records promptly and are always glad to
correct them. From all this work and
pains you will understand how anxious,
we are to avoid errors.

In addition to these records all these
subscription letters are filed away alpha¬
betically, so that they can be found again
if needed to trace an error or complaint.

When the records are all complete the
Publisher and Editor, too, like to run over
the letters. This keeps us in touch
with your needs and enables us to
supply what you want in the way
of a farm paper. Besides this there is
an inspiration in the kindly sentiments of
all these letters that helps and cheers us
more than you who write them cam know.
There are several hundred of these every
day, and some days they run into the
thousands. We cannot undertake to an¬
swer them personally, but we want you
to know that they help us. We enjoy
them, and we appreciate them. It may
be only a single line — a word or two, or
a long letter. It may be a word of ap¬
proval, or a kindly word of criticism or
suggestion. One may be written in fault¬
less English, and the next without gram¬

matical rule. The lines of one may he
perfect in formation and the other show
that the writer is more familiar with the
rough implements of the soil than with
the pen. We never think of these differ¬
ences. We scarcely see them or realize
them. It is the expression of kindly
feelings and good will that move us and
not the form or means of expression. The
mail that I have just read is full of them,
and it has made me happy.

Here are a few samples taken at ran¬
dom from the day’s mail :

Yours is tlie best all-around farm paper we
have ever read, and we feel as though while
we might keep house without it. we could
not keep a farm without it. at least as a farm
should he kept. We are your sincere
friends. MB. and mbs. d. c. s.

To show you my love for your matchless

paper, 1 make a gift of it to M'r. and Mrs.
W. who are large farmers and poultry keep-
ers. I take Tub u. N. y, and five other
farm papers and the dailies, and I put yours
a l the top. Hoping you continued success.

Ohio. w. t. e.

Kudosed please find one dollar for The
K. N.-Y. for the year 1905, and the Business
lien. I take seven papers and think yours
the best of them all. f. s. c.

New York.

Couldn’t get along without Tub U. N.-Y.,
the best paper of the dozen I read.

Maine. w. i. e.

I don’t want to miss a single paper. I
have 10 or 12 papers every week, but rather
miss any one of the others. I am pleased
with the Business Hen, a grand, good hook,
full of advice. I have a llock of almost 200
White Leghorns. L. J. d.

New York.

1 thank you for “The Business TTen.”
This is the most practical little book on the

subject of poultry keeping that I have met
with, and it supplies a long-felt want in this
house. j. w. f.

British Columbia.

I am well pleased with your paper. I am
sorry I did not take it before. 1 will try
to got some more of my friends to take it.

•New York. j. h.

I have had a fair trial of nearly three
months of The It. N.-Y. and 1 don’t see how
I can get along without it. So here is my
renewal and best wishes for your paper.

Michigan. f. a. m.

Every clay brings letters from old sub¬
scribers who have received “The Busi¬
ness Hen” and like it so well they come
back with a subscription for a friend,
so that the new subscriber may have both
the paper and the book. They go right
hack by next mail. Perhaps your neigh¬
bor would like one. Why not ask him?

Harvester Talks to Farmers — No. 4.

A New American Industry of Vital Importance to Every Farmer. — Binder

Twine at Greatly Reduced Prices.

NEW market for the prod¬
ucts of thousands of acres
of American farm lands
— development of a new
American industry — a
high grade binder twine
at greatly reduced prices.

These are some of the results follow¬
ing the introduction of the International
Harvester Company’s new flax twine —
an article which is undoubtedly destined
to enter largely into the binding of grain.

It is an important move in many ways,
for it not only makes possible a cheaper
twine for the farmer's use, but, also,
creates an entirely new market for one
of the most important American farm
products.

For many years the manufacturers of
harvesting machines have been experi¬
menting in an attempt to perfect a
method by which American-grown flax
can be utilized in the manufacture of
binder twine and thus render both the
manufacturer and farmer independent of
manila and sisal fiber of foreign growth.

In their first experiment the attempt
was made to use retted flax, but the
process of retting the fiber was so slow
and so expensive that but little was
gained by the substitution of flax for
sisal and manila, and finally the attempt
was abandoned.

One of the brightest inventors in the
country was put to work to solve the
problem of how to utilize the flax in its
natural state as harvested.

In the early part of 1904 this inventor
succeeded in perfecting a process and in
constructing the necessary machinery for
the work.

This overcame all the mechanical ob¬
stacles, but the next difficulty was to get
a sufficient quantity of flax suitable for
twine manufacture.

Flax for this purpose must be sown
much more thickly than flax sown for
seed, in order to produce a higher and
less bushy growth, getting a longer and
better fiber. The ground, too, must be
left as smooth and level as possible, so
that the flax may be cut low down, with
a short stubble, getting all of the straw
and the longest possible fibers in the
product harvested.

The flax is harvested, when fully ma¬
tured, with a regular grain binder, and
bound into bundles. In handling flax for
twine purposes much care is taken to

keep the sheaves straight. The company
buys the flax in the bundle, before it is
threshed, paying for it a price based on
the yield of seed, and saving the farmer
the expense of threshing.

As soon as the process of manufactur¬
ing the twine was demonstrated to be a
success, a corps of men were sent into
the flax growing sections of the country
">nd succeeded in securing a large quan¬
tity of flax of a good quality, the twine
from which will be sold and used in the
harvest of 1905. A few carloads were
made in time for the harvest of 1904 and
gave such uniform satisfaction that the
manufacturers were encouraged to un¬
dertake operations on a much larger
scale for 1905.

Men are now canvassing Minnesota,
Michigan and other flax growing states,
contracting with farmers to grow flax
for twine production and the expectation
is to secure sufficient flax in this way to
place a large amount of twine on the
market for the harvest of 1906.

In many instances the company is fur¬
nishing the flax growers with seed for
planting, using the best seed grown in
this country, or a high grade of Russian
seed — all carefully cleaned and recleaned
three or four times by hand.

Inasmuch as the company takes the
entire production of the flax field before
threshing, it is desirable that the twine
mill be located as near the flax growing
region as possible. At the present time
all the twine is manufactured in Chi¬
cago, but it is the company’s intention
to establish branch mills in the leading
flax growing sections of the country.

When the supply of flax fiber shall be
sufficient to permit the making of the
twine in large quantities, the price will
be still lower as compared with the price
of manila and sisal fiber twines; while
th<J price which the company pays for
tht flax in the bundle makes it one of
the most profitable crops the farmer can
grow.

We need not point out the great im¬
portance of this new industry to the
American farmer ; a twine cheaper than
the twine made from imported fibers
has long been a crying necessity. The
utilization of flax gives him an article,
at a lower price, in every way the equal
of many higher, priced twines.

But beyond this is the fact that the
utilization of thousands of acres of farm

lands for flax growing, at a profitable
price, means a greater diversification of
crops and less crowded markets for
everything the farmer raises, and in this
respect the new industry is of vital im¬
portance to every farmer in the country,
even if he never raises an acre of grain
or buys a pound of twine.

As the industry grows, we may con¬
fidently count upon a flax twine mill in
every flax growing section, giving flax
growers a market of easy access for
their product.

This movement is in direct line with
the well-defined policy of the Interna¬
tional Harvester Company — to produce
from the raw material the machines and
appliances needed for the harvesting of
grain, securing by this means material
of the highest grade at the lowest cost
of production — and now they are de¬
veloping" a new industry, producing an
indispensable necessity at a lower cost
to the farmer, and making the American
farmer independent of a foreign grown
article and giving him a new market for
one of his staple crops.

The supply of flax twine for 1905 will
not be nearly sufficient to meet the de¬
mand for it, but by next year it is
hoped and confidently expected that
every farmer who wants a purely Amer¬
ican product can secure it without dif¬
ficulty, and at a price which will save
him much money.

In our former talks we called atten¬
tion to the immense facilities of the In¬
ternational Harvester Company for
manufacturing harvesting machines, and
as harvest time is rapidly approaching,
we wish to emphasize our statements
thattlieChampion, Deering, McCormick,
Milwaukee, Osborne and Piano machines
have fully demonstrated their worth.

No other machines have gained the
approval of so many farmers of the
country as have these. No other ma¬
chines have made so enviable a record.

And you know the reason why —

These machines are all of good, hon¬
est value — that’s why.

You know your wants for the on-com¬
ing season. If a harvesting machine
is one of them, see the local dealer in
your locality. Remember there is a
separate dealer for each machine and
each one will be glad to show you his
own line.

The Intern&.tioi\aJI Harvester Company’s Machines,

Champion, Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee, Osborne and Plano,

have been endorsed by nine farmers out of ten as being the most worthy of their patronage.
A good enough reason in itself, isn’t it, why you, also, should use this line of harvesting
machines for saving your grains and grasses?

Different Dealers Represent Dliferent Machines. See them lor Catalogues.

Binders, Reapers, Headers, Header-Binders, Corn Binders, Corn Shockers, Corn Pickers, Huskers and Shredders, Mowers,
Tedders, Hay Rakes, Sweep Rakes, Hay Stackers, Hay Balers, Knife Grinders, Gasoline Engines,

Weber Wagons, Binder Twine.

352

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April. IBftii.

BUY DIRECT PROM PACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
f or Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low j>rict3 will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St.f Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOB ALL

25to 30 percent com mission

to get ordert for our celebrated Tens,
Co flTeea, Spices, Extracts and Haking
Powder. Beautiful Present* and Coupons
with every purchase. < HAUCKS paid
For prompt attention addresa Mr. J. J. I>
care of

THIS GKKAT AMERICAN TKA CO.,

P O. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. .New York

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample Ski H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger &

400 Cherry Street

WrifrhtsviUe, Penna.

A GOOD NAME IS BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and you will have reliable,
safe and economical power.
Ill'd Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

for pumping or commercial pur¬
poses, from H to 28 horse power.
Also Steam Boilers and Engines, Saw
Mills. Feed Mills, Cider Presses and
supplies. Machinery guaranteed.
Catalogues free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO.,
39 Cortlandt St., New York City,

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing- Outfits on
Wheels

Thr e Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

[don Lock

Poultry

Fencing

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can’t slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

Wo sell direct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main St„ Colchester, Conn.

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fencesare built In the field. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Uet our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

MEM

iHeaviestFenceMade. All No. 9 Steel Wire

► 15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

LWe also sell direct to fanners atwholesale prices, ,
^Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wir
Write for Fence Book showing no style

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

FOR SALE

STEEL FENCING, 10c per rod, while It lasts.
Rochester Radiator Co., 2G8 State St., Rochester, N.Y

What everybody needs

A Strong Iron Gate

' At Price of Wood.

Any length made to order.
We make a specialty of
FARM AND LAWN FENCING. Agents Wanted.
We sell at Agents price where we have none.

Challenge Fence Co., Union Deposit, Pa.

ALL KINDS OF

Set with the

N4GLEY TRANSPLANTER

save the grower .expense. Abso¬
lutely guaranteed to do the work.
Circulars free. Agents wanted.

Pruning Shears also a Specialty.

NAGLEY MFG. COMPANY, LYONS, N. Y.

MEN MOUNTAIN

SILO

And all the stock on the farm is kept health¬
ier, fatter and happier. Cows yield 25 per
cent more milk if fed on Green Mountain
[Silage. Rich, fresh and juicy and costs only
about half as much as other feed.

The Green Mountain is superior to all
other Silos — superior in design, material,
construction, operation and durability — and
is in use on the finest dairy farms in the
country.

Special discount if you buy early.

We want you to have a copy of our New
Free Catalogue. Write for it now.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

Note — We are manufacturers and dealers in Ma¬
chinery and Supplies for Dairy and Creamery ; also
Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc., etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

3PATENTEDilrA0,G^i6T-^t I 901

THE JOHNSTON

“Continental” Binder

Backed by 22 Years of Successful Binder Building

The best that brains can invent, money provide or skilled hands construct. Of
light draft and great driving power. It cuts, reels, elevates and binds any kind
of grain on any kind of ground— ties every bundle without waste, picks up and
handles perfectly down and tangled grain. Has the greatest capacity of elevation,
the trip never repeats, has steel frames, wheels, platforms, canvas tighteners, gear
drive reel, right hand levers. Our special Johnston “Continental” folder explains its
many valuable and superior points of construction and the working of its various parts

_ just the information you want before buying a new binder. Send us your address.

We send it free, also our general catalogue describing our full line of Johnston
Implements that won the St. Louis Grand Prize . Write today for both.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., Box C-1 Batavia, N. Y.

WONDERFUL PLAN OF
SELLING BUGGIES

CUT this ad out. send us your name and address
and $1.00. We will reserve for you one of our
Model Buggies for ten days will send our free cata^
logue of 100 styles of Model Vehicles, postage
prepaid. With the catalogue we will send you
a receipt for your $1.00 and full details of
our plan whereby you can order any veh¬
icle from us without sendingus one cent
or depositing any money with anyone,
examine it at your station— if it is satis¬
factory, payment is arranged for so that
the money is sent to us at the end of a
month's free trial, if you keep the buggy.

If not the buggy is returned to us and your
$1.00 is refunded to you.

$1.00 reservations are given a number
and handled in their order, which means
prompt shipment, preceding all other or¬
ders coming in later.

If the catalogue description of our veh-

No. 1124 Model Full Rubber Top Buggy*

GUARANTEED FOR TWO gH*%*%50
YEARS. Sold on one full
months free trial. Price,

Icles does not suit you, and if you do not find our prices lower and the quality better than
any other concern, we will refund your $1.00 to you promptly. Send for our catalogue
today, whether you send $1.00 or not. The quality of goods we are offering at prices
never before attempted by vehicle manufacturers will astonish you. Open Buggies at
$23.50 and up: Stick Seat Driving Wagon for $30.00; Top Buggy 831.50-other prices
equally as low. We manufacture a full line of harness.

The Mode! Carriage A Harness Co., 171 W. Sixth St., Cincinnati, O.

Roof Leak ?

Throw shingles away.

Keep dry with well-laid roof of

"The Resister”

Jiex StintKofE

ROOFING

Will not leak in driving rain or melting snow.
Any careful laborer can lay it. All neces¬
sary equipment in every roll. It alsoresists
fire, heat, cold, and will wear indefinitely.

Samples Sent Free

with Complete Roofin; Book.

Send postal for it. When
buying “Look for the
Boy” on every roll.

J. A. AW. Bird A Co.

^0 India St. Boston

BOUND TO SUIT

This Split Hickory Special is a Made
to Order Buggy, yet sold for only

ory Vehicles are made by well paid, skilled union
labor, In one of the largest and best equipped fact¬
ories in the country. We employ no girl labor in
our factory nor do we have boyi doing our painting
and striping. Every Split Hickory buggy embodies
the results of over twenty years successful carriage
manufacturing, Insuring comfort, durability and cor¬
rect style. Here are some of their 100 points of merit.

Screwed rim wheels ; quick shifting shaft couplers :
long distance dust-proof axles ;oll tempered springs ;
finest quality Imported all wool broad cloth uphol¬
stering. cushion and back; spring cushion and solid
spring back: top has genuine No. 1 enameled leather
quarters with heavy water-proof rubber roof and
curtain, lined and reinforced. Wheels, gear, body
and all woodwork carried 100 days In pure oil and
lead ; 1G coats of paint, with highest grade of finishing
varnish.

To thoroughly acquaint you with our Split Hickory
Vehicles, and our new und liberal plan of selling
direct to users we want to send you our handsome
1005 Catalogue, comprising 192 pages, fully
illustrated. The catalogue shows our complete line
of Vehicles and Harness.

Send us a postal card request. Address .

The OHIO CARRIAGE Alf’g. Co., <H. C. Paiipt, Prei.)

Station 290 Cincinnati, Ohio.

Black Bull

*A •« ‘Wild ‘*18 *85

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S|001

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three great pursuits have
again shown wonderful re¬
sults on the

FREE

HOMESTEAD LANDS

or

WESTERN
CANADA

Magnificent Cllmntc— Farmers plowing
in their shirt sleeves in the middle of
November. “All arc bound to be more
thun pleased with the final results of
the past season’s harvests.” — Extract.
Coaf, wood, water, hay in abundance —
schools, churches markets convenient.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Con-, or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y

Mention this paper.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2883. NEW YORK, APRIL 29, 1905. weekly, ji.oo pek year.

THREE HOMEMADE BATHROOMS.

WINNERS IN OUR BECENT COMPETITION.

Yankee Ingenuity in Connecticut.

Having purchased an old farmhouse, the bathroom
problem promptly presented itself. It seemed to be a
question of an addition or giving up a needed bedroom.

A happy solution was at last reached by utilizing the
attic in the ell over the kitchen. All of the work was
done at odd times by myself, the employment of a
plumber or carpenter being out of the question. Now, I
am not a mechanic ; never saw plumbers’ tools until this
effort, therefore my experience and results obtained may
be helpful to others similarly situated. The water sup¬
ply question was met by putting in a force pump and
a battery of six vinegar barrels. Those barrels were
connected with piping, and give a storage capacity of
300 gallons. At present the water is pumped in by
hand, but I am now making a small hot-air engine to
do the work. The tanks were shut off from the bath¬
room by a partition. The entire room was ceiled with
southern pine, one-half inch in thickness, three inches
wide, and beaded, finish natural, varnished, which gives
a pleasing and wholesome effect. The plumbing proved
to be a very simple matter, the chief thing being to get
water-tight joints. Heating is by an ordinary register
in tlie floor, directly over kitchen stove. The only tools
which it was necessary to purchase were an Armstrong
thread cutter, adapted to one-inch pipe and less, a pipe
vise and wrench and pipe cutter. All tools, pipe, fit¬
tings and supplies were purchased in Chicago at from
50 to 70 per cent less than local quotations. An ordi¬
nary 40-gallon hot-water stove tank furnishes hot water
supply. A paste of red lead mixed in linseed oil was
used to make all joints tight before screwing up.

The material required comprised the following: Six
barrels for tank, $2 ; bathtub, enameled, $7 ; force pump,
$5; 300 feet southern pine, $7.50; studding joists, $1;
nails, 25 cents; four faucets, $1.80; one set bowl and
connection, $1.30; 50 feet inch iron pipe, $3; 25 feet
^2-inch pipe, $1.25; six one-inch unions, 72 cents; 10
couplings, 20 cents; six nipples, 12 cents; six tees, 18
cents; four elbows, 12 cents; red lead and oil, 30 cents;
pipe cutter, 90 cents; thread cutter (Armstrong), $3;
vise, $1.20; pipe wrench, $1; water-back for stove, $2.50;
hot water 40-gallon tank, $7.50 ; total, $47.84. 1 he bath¬

room is nine feet square. Sash door is not mentioned,
as we had one on hand. Thus at an actual cash outlay
of about $50 we have a modern and attractive bathroom.
The work of making was in the nature of recreation,
and educational along mechanical lines. While the tools
are included in the bill of costs they have since been
used in extending water system to laundry tubs, barns
and henhouse, so that from bathroom beginnings a com¬
plete water supply, hot and cold, has resulted, and
when pumping engine is installed a water closet wdl
be put in. I had no trouble whatever from leaks, suffi¬
cient time being taken to do good, substantial work.
From my experience I am convinced that many farmers
could enjoy many modern conveniences by the exercise
of inherent mechanical handiness in spare hours. Had
I employed plumbers and carpenters my bill would have
been about $150 instead of the actual $40. Fig. 143
shows arrangement of tanks and rooms.

Hartford Co., Conn. w. h. miller.

! An Inexpensive Plan from New York.

I have constructed a bathroom different from any I
have yet become acquainted with, and plan is shown
in Fig. 144. I built it in the end of an old storeroom
over the kitchen. As is the eaves trough flowing in
top of tank; B a galvanized iron tank 4 x G x 3 feet,
cost $5 ; C, overflow from tank ; D, bathtub, cost $5 ;
E, overflow of tub; F, outlet of bathtub; G, kitchen
range ; H, hot-water tank, cost $5 ; I, I. I, I, hot-water
pipe extending to top of bathtub, on the end of which

is a faucet also extending beneath kitchen ceiling and
into the bottom of tank, giving circulation in cold
weather and avoiding freezing. J is cold water pipe,
with faucet at L over tub. K is hot-water box in

range; L cold-water faucet; M hot-water faucet;
N stool under heater; O platform under tank, raising
tank up so the bottom is above or even with top of
bathtub. The whole cost was: Range, $33; tank, $5;
bathtub, $5; heater, 30-gallon, $5; pipe, $2; plumbing,

$2; total, $52. I had to have a new range, so the cost
of the outfit was $19 aside from my own work.
Ontario Co., N. Y. John s. buck.

How a Pennsylvanian Arranged It.

We provide water not only for our bathtub, but for

COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE IN PENNSYLVANIA.

Fig. 145.

our closet and for general house use, by a common lift-
pump erected in the attic, and by its side is a five-barrel
galvanized iron tank. The water enters the tank on a
level with its bottom from a T joint on the pump, six
inches below the base of the pump. The pump extends

from the attic through the bathroom on the second floor
and through the kitchen on the first floor into the cel¬
lar, a distance of 20 feet. The cylinder, which is brass,
and 'i/ inches in diameter, is on a level with the kitchen
floor. At the ceiling of the cellar is a right angle which
leads out through the cellar wall into the arch of a
large concrete cistern, the latter being 10 feet "from the
side of the house. Inside of the arch is another right
angle leading to the bottom of the cistern. The dis¬
tance from the angle in the cellar to the angle in the
cistern is 18 feet. From this latter angle to the bottom
of the cistern is 12 feet.

On the pump, at the ceiling of the bathroom, is a T
joint with a reducer. To this is attached an inch pioe
running horizontally the length of the bathroom, 10 feet.
This pipe has also three T joints, leading downward, one
to the closet, one to the bathtub, and one to the basin.
The waste water we run into the closet drain. This
drain extends to a cesspool located on the opposite side
of the house, about 20 feet away. The cesspool is six
feet, cubical ip shape, well constructed and well covered.

In the kitchen, at the ceiling, the pump has another
T joint with a reducer, to which is attached an inch'pipe
that runs horizontally. On this pipe are two T joints
extending downward, one of which leads to the basin
and the other to the sink. The pipes are all painted
with aluminum paint and dp not deface our house in the
least. Water for bathing is heated on a single burner,
blue flame oil stove, which also heats the room to a com¬
fortable temperature in the coldest weather. It might
occur to some of your readers that a force pump over
the cistern with a T joint under the arch leading
through the house, as already indicated, would be even
more desirable, but experience has demonstrated to us
that this latter system is heavy work for either one cr
two men, and requires much more time, because of the
extra resistance of the forcing feature of the pump. A
lift pump can be operated by a boy, and will throw
double the amount of water thrown by a force pump.

We bought nearly all of our fixtures from a supply
house' in Chicago, and the cost was as follows: Tank,
$5.50; pump. $3.50; 50 feet of galvanized iron pipe at
125/3 cents, $6.25; 20 feet of J^-inch pipe at six cents,
$1.20; couplings, faucets, thread cutting, etc., $6; V/>-
inch brass cylinder, $3.50 ; bathtub, $9.50 ; single burner
oil stove, $1.80; block tin lard can and faucet, $1.50;
two basins, $9; closet, $10.50; castiron piping to cess¬
pool, 30 feet, $7.50; freight, $2.90. The labor we per¬
formed ourselves, and we estimate it at $20, which in¬
cludes the digging and construction of the cesspool.
The total cost was $88.65. j. beam wingerd.

Franklin Co., Pa.

HOW LIME AND SULPHUR KILLS THE SCALE

I question the explanation of the action of the lime-
salt-sulphur wash used for the destruction of the San
Jose scale that appeared on page 231. You call atten¬
tion to the slow and gradual action of the wash. If,
therefore, hydrogen sulphide is the active agent, its for¬
mation must also be slow and gradual, but what ground
is there for believing that this is the case? Further,
admitting for the sake of argument the formation of
hydrogen sulphide, what ground is there for assuming
that it is an effective insecticide? Last Spring I pro¬
cured pamphlets from a large number of the experiment
stations in the country where work was being carried
on against the San Jose scale, and was greatly sur¬
prised to find absolutely no suggestion therein as to the
way the wash acts, although this seemed to me the first
essential for its proper preparation and use. I there¬
fore undertook some experiments, and these showed
exclusively that the chief constituent of the fresh and
carefully prepared wash is calcium penta-sulphide. It
is to this compound that the yellow or reddish brown
color of the mixture is due, and I doubt if there is an
appreciable amount of any other sulphide present. Cal-

354

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 29,

cium penta-sulphide may decompose with the formation
of hydrogen sulphide, it is true, but it decomposes very
readily and rapidly. My experiments showed quite con¬
clusively that when calcium penta-sulphide is exposed
to atmospheric influences in a thin film, as when
sprayed on the trees, the decomposition of the penta-
sulphide is practically complete within from 24 to 48

HOMEMADE BARN WINDMILL. Fig. 140.

hours, depending somewhat on atmospheric conditions.
The evolution of hydrogen sulphide due to the decom¬
position of this compound would therefore cease before
the wash begins to act, as I believe it has been quite
generally found that the wash has but little or no effect
until two or three days after its application. This would
seem to dispose of the idea that hydrogen sulphide is
the active agent, even were we inclined to admit that
it has any value as an insecticide, which I think ques¬
tionable.

From the fact that the chief constituent of the freshly-
prepared wash, calcium penta-sulphide, decomposes so
rapidly, it seems evident that we must look to some of
the products of decomposition other than hydrogen sul¬
phide for the active agent, and I would offer the follow¬
ing suggestion as to the way in which the wash acts,
although I have not been able to carry my experiments
to a conclusion, owing to lack of facilities and time.
Upftn its decomposition calcium penta-sulphide sets free
a very large percentage of the sulphur used in its prep¬
aration, as free sulphur. This sulphur, however, is in
an extremely finely divided and probably amorphous
condition, and moreover, uniformly distributed through¬
out a more or less porous coating of calcium carbonate,
so that we have a relatively enormous surface exposed.
We therefore have ideal conditions for chemical action.
Although I am fully aware of the fact that sulphur is
not supposed to oxidize at ordinary temperatures, I
believe that this is only relatively true, and that the
conditions which we are considering are so favorable
that there is a very decided action, resulting in the
formation of sulphur dioxide, and possibly some of the
hieher products of oxidation. The value of sulphur
dioxide as a fungicide and insecticide is so well known,
and its application so universal, that if we could show
that it was formed under the conditions we are con¬
sidering we would seem to have the explanation as to
the way the wash acts. Because of the general misap¬
prehension in regard to the odor of sulphur dioxide, the
gas formed on burning sulphur, which is almost inva¬
riably described by the layman as the odor of sulphur,
I take the liberty of calling attention here to the fact
that sulphur of itself has practically no odor; the
pungent, penetrating odor so generally described as that
of sulphur being really the odor of sulphur dioxide.
The conditions under which the wash is used presup¬
poses the presence of moisture, sunlight and rapid varia¬
tions in temperature, all of which no doubt would tend
to increase the chemical action.

In considering the possibility of the action of the
wash being due to the formation of sulphur dioxide
through oxidation, we must keep in mind its enormous
activity. I believe it has been shown that one part of
sulphur dioxide in 1,000,000 parts of air is fatal to vege¬
tation if the action is prolonged, and, although I am
not aware of any data as to the amount necessary to
destroy insect life, it would seem, from the enormous
activity of. sulphur dioxide as shown by its injurious
effect on plant life, that we would not have to look for
the formation of such large amounts to be effective
against the San Jose scale under conditions such as we
are considering, as the sulphur dioxide would be formed
practically in immediate contact with the insect. In
this connection there is an interesting experiment which
any of your readers may try, and I think without
injurious results other than some temporary inconven¬
ience. If they will rub some very finely powdered sul¬
phur upon a piece of soft cloth, and shake this before
the face, so as to introduce a little of the dust into the
eyes, I think they will be convinced that sulphur is
capable of setting up considerable irritation. I am una¬
ble to say positively that the sulphur dust introduced

into the eye oxidizes, but as the effect in every way
resembles that produced by the gas sulphur dioxide, it
seems fair to assume that this is the case.

_ F. H. POUGH.

USE OF HOMEMADE WINDMILLS.

I am much interested in windmills. Our vegetable
raising, which is getting to be quite a source of income,
depends very largely upon irrigation. We have an old
small windmill which does fairly well, but we need
more water than this can give us, and we want power
for other purposes also. There was something in some
of the agricultural papers several years ago about the
windmills built by Kansas farmers at an expense of
only a few dollars. I think The R. N.-Y. had some¬
thing about them. I think such a windmill would be
very useful here in Cuba, where the direction of the
wind is almost constant during the greater part of the
year. 1 have an idea that some da)' we shall have a
wind engine whose essential features will be a series
of sails attached to endless chain or cables. Fuel is
so expensive in Cuba that we must look for a cheaper
power than steam power. It seems to me the easiest
way to get power here is to get it from our trade winds.

Cardenas, Cuba. e. e. h.

About 10 years ago we printed pictures > some of the
“go-devil” windmills then in use in Nebraska. Two
pictures are re-engraved here. The Nebraska Exper¬
iment Station at Lincoln has since issued a bulletin
describing these cheap mills. The mill shown at Fig.
148 is said to cost only $1.50, being made of old boards,
bagging and an old buggy axle. This crude affair
gives an idea of the principle employed ' these mills.
They are made like an old-fashioned water-wheel, the

DOUBLE CROPPING IN FLORIDA. Fig. 147.

box below the axle shutting off the wind so that the
power is exerted only on the upper blades. Thus they
are turned around when the wind blows, hard enough
over the box. In some cases the mills are large, with
blades 16 feet or more wide with the power working
directly upon the pump. The mill pictured can only
turn when the wind blows in a certain direction. Some
of the larger mills are arranged to turn partly around, so
as to catch the wind from other quarters. The mill
shown at Fig. 146 is put on top of a barn with sprocket
wheel and chain running down to gearing below. Of
course this mill is fixed so that it will turn only when
the wind blows in certain -directions. The lower part
of the picture shows how the mill is shut off. The
value of such mills consists in the low cost of construc¬
tion. They will not develop the power of one of the
modern windmills, and they are usually given up when
farmers are able to buy better ones. They have a use,
however, and in many places have proved their value,
and made a garden and small Alfalfa field possible.

PLAN FOR A NEW ENGLAND ORCHARD .

I am purposing to set out an orchard of 20 acres on
one of the Connecticut hilltops. I desire to get finan¬
cial returns from it as soon as I can, and at the same
time provide for a permanent income on a sound basis
of Winter apples. I have had no experience in Connec¬
ticut orcharding, but from books, bulletins and cata¬
logues I have worked out a plan upon which I should
be very glad to have the opinion of some of your expert
correspondents. My planting plan calls for the setting
of 40 slow-maturing permanent apple trees, of 40 quick-
maturing and presumably short-lived apple trees, and of
80 peach trees to the acre of land. The plan may not
be new. but as I have not seen any exactly like it I send
it to you, hoping for comments. In the plot A stands
for the permanent apple trees, which stand 33 feet apart

each way, and will finally occupy all of the ground. The
quick-growing apple trees are indicated by B, and form
with the permanent trees diagonal rows about 24 feet
apart, and with the trees 24 feet apart in the rows.
After removing the peach trees, P, the apple trees of
both kinds will occupy all of the ground, and stand 24
feet apart each way. Before the removal of the peach
trees the ground is occupied by the various small trees
standing 16J4 feet apart each way. I purpose setting
peaches as follows : 200 Mountain Rose, 600 Elberta,
400 Stump, 200 Frances; 100 Chairs, 100 Fox. Of
quick-maturing apples my list contains : 200 Oldenburg,
200 Alexander, 200 Mann, 100 Rome Beauty, 50 Wag-
ener, 50 Yellow Transparent. My list of permanent
trees is: 400 Baldwin or Sutton, 200 Northern Spy, 100
Spitzcnburg or King, 100 Hubbardston or Jonathan.

P A

A

B

B

B

A

B

B

B

A

A

P, peach; A, permanent apple; B, filler.

Wisconsin. quality.

R. N.-Y. — We shall be pleased to have readers crit¬
icise this plan. We do not know whether it is intended
to cultivate this orchard, or to depend upon grass and
weeds for mulching. We assume of course that the
orchard will be well fertilized. On our own hillside
land we should not plant fruit trees so thickly. Our
own plant is to plant apple trees 32 feet apart each way,
with a peach tree in the center of the square. These
trees are fertilized, but not cultivated, the grass and
weeds being cut and left on the ground. In one p' rt
of the orchard we have Baldwin trees planted 50 fee’
apart each way with Wealthy as fillers, so as to make
the completed orchard stand 25 feet each way. We
have been tempted to put a peach tree in the center of
each square, but doubt the wisdom of such close plant¬
ing. We shall be glad to have New England readers
criticise the varieties named.

DOUBLE CROPPING IN FLORIDA.

Fig. 147 shows potatoes and corn on my place here.
We plant potatoes in four-foot rows, and when the
potatoes are three inches high (which will be about
four to five weeks later) side out the potatoes with a
12 or 14-inch sweep. This will leave a small ridge in
the middle yet unbroken ; I open this ridge with a small
planting plow, and cover the corn with a hoe, which
leaves the corn slightly below the level. When corn
is four blades high I hoe it out. When about knee
high I run four furrows around the corn with a half
sweep, which bars the potatoes down to a narrow bed
of say eight inches. This leaves the potatoes in ex¬
cellent condition for digging either by hand or horse
power. The corn will be ready to gather about July 15;

NEBRASKA WINDMILL COSTING $1.50. Fig. 148.

the land can be planted to sweet potatoes and gathered
the end of December or left to grow up in Crab grass
and be ready for hay by October 1. The hay can then
be cut and another crop of potatoes grown by the last
of December. This is intensive farming, and is entirely
practicable in our long season with good land and irri¬
gation. I do not think that the best results can be
had by pasturing on lands that are susceptible of in¬
tensive farming. jno, w. JA.QK.son..

Manatee Co., Fla.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

355

LIME AND LAND PLASTER .

What a Chemist Says.

On page 286 you say land plaster will not take the
place of lime. I am satisfied you are right, and satisfied
also that it is an accident, because you do not under¬
stand the action of plaster nor of lime. If it will not
take the place of lime, why will it not? If land plaster
split and the sulphuric acid left the lime you would in
time have carbonate of lime, don’t you think? If you
had soluble carbonate of lime you would have exactly
what you want if you needed lime, would you not? If
the correction of the soil’s acidity was the great desid¬
eratum, lime would be most effective when first applied,
would it not? The reverse is true, and lime is most
effective remote from the time of application. Have
you cured the soil by rendering it alkaline? I think
not. You have chemical stagnation to overcome, and
enough of carbonate of lime dominates the situation.
When you kill a soil by a heavy application of lime
the first crop to show it is a legume. I believe it is
the first time that statement was ever made. It can lie
contradicted, but not corrected, because it is' a rock-
bottom fact. Land plaster compensates for much of the
mischief carbonate of lime does, because it is a source
of sulphur and a substitute for potash with clover. It is
either potash or sulphur, one or both, that carbonate
of lime in the end affects so disastrously. I want to
interrogate The R. N.-Y. You say: “In an acid soil
the Timothy will largely disappear, while
the Red-top will thrive.” At the end of the
lime route, which will be on top, the Tim¬
othy or Red-top, provided no manure was
used in the interim ? Please pass it on down
to the foot of the class, and if the class can’t
answer it get another class, and if you can
get any information on this point let me
have it. J do not need the information, but
I want to challenge the class, informant.

Comment by Prof. H. J. Wheeler.

Referring to the statements made and the
questions raised by your correspondent, I am
obliged to confirm the opinion that The R.

N.-Y. is right, and that in the case of acid
soils gypsum cannot perform all of the func¬
tions of lime. In a case of ill effect from
the use of sulphate of ammonia, upon an acid
soil at this station, lime corrected the condi¬
tion entirely, but gypsum or land plaster
failed utterly. In field trials made several
years ago it likewise failed to give results
anywhere near approaching those obtained
with lime, both in the case of table beets
and sugar beets. Probably no one will ques¬
tion that possibly land plaster may be a
greater liberator of potash than ordinary
lime, though perhaps it has not been satis¬
factorily proven in all particulars. The rea¬
son why it will not take the place of lime is
that the lime in the land plaster is already
combined with a strong mineral acid, hence
it cannot unite with and neutralize the acids
of the soil. It is possible, in land that is very
moist and filled with organic matter, that
sulphate of lime may be reduced, and that
the sulphur may pass off into the air com¬
bined with hydrogen as a gas, in which case
the lime would be changed into carbonate
of lime. This does not, however, take place
to more than a slight extent in ordinary no-
land soils, even when they contain a con¬
siderable amount of organic matter, as has been abund¬
antly demonstrated at the Rhode Island Station.

Your correspondent is right in assuming that if car¬
bonate of lime were derived from the land plaster it
would be exactly what is wanted if lime is required,
but the facts of the case are that this does not happen
to any practical extent, as has just been stated.

Your correspondent would make it appear that lime
is not immediately effective when added to soils, and
therefore it cannot have corrected acidity. Perhaps he
tried to correct the acidity by sowing the lime broad¬
cast over the surface. If so, it is no wonder that lie
did not accomplish the object desired. If the lime is
sown on the furrows, and is most thoroughly mixed
with the soil by harrowing, it does correct the acidity
immediately to such an extent that plants like beets,
lettuce and spinach, which are tremendously sensitive
to soil acidity, thrive splendidly. Many experiments at
this station have demonstrated conclusively that your
correspondent is not right when he states that lime will
not correct acidity immediately. By applying lime to
such soils they are usually improved chemically, and the
fermentations and changes taking place within them
render them far more favorable to plant growth.

Your correspondent says that when you kill a soil by
heavy applications of lime, the first crop to show it is
a legume. Even this is by no means necessarily 3o,

since certain plants, of which the cranberry and water¬
melon may serve as examples, are likely to be very much
more injured by extensive applications of lime than even
some of the legumes themselves. Perhaps your corre¬
spondent does not recognize the fact that some legumes
are almost invariably injured by liming, while others,
among which are most of the clovers and Alfalfa, are
greatly benefited. At all events, a farmer would be very
foolish to apply such large quantities of lime as to be
disastrous to -most plants; in fact, at present practically
all authorities on the subject recommend using moderate
applications at reasonable intervals, rather than to em¬
ploy such large amounts as were frequently applied in
earlier times. It is, of course, possible that a soil may
lack sulphur in an assimilable form to such an extent
that the sulphur contained in land plaster may be use¬
ful, yet such conditions are probably extremely rare.

His statement that land plaster is a substitute for
potash with clover is subject to the greatest criticism,
for clover cannot be grown without potash. There can
be no question, however, that in certain soils the appli¬
cation of land plaster liberates and makes available for
the plant some potash which it would otherwise have
difficulty in obtaining. Your correspondent states very
emphatically that it is either the sulphur or the potash
that carbonate of lime affects disastrously in the end.
This is, to say the least, a remarkable statement, and it
should be substantiated by some experimental evidence.
He will probably look for a long time to find a case

where soils have been seriously injured by proper appli¬
cations of lime, in either way which he suggests.

It becomes my duty to uphold the editor of The R.
N.-Y. in his statement that in an acid soil Timothy will
largely disappear while Red-top will thrive, for it is a
fact that has been shown repeatedly in experiments at
this station. A case in point is that of two plots which
had been treated exactly alike as concerns all of the
manuring excepting that one had been limed and the
other had not. Both received like amounts of Timothy,
Red-top and clover seed. In the unlimed plot it was
practically impossible, after two or three years, to find
a single stalk of clover or Timothy, and both were very
nearly absent even in the first season. The land was,
however, almost fully occupied by Red-top. Your cor¬
respondent want sto know if this would have been the
situation had no manures been used in the interim.
Now, really, it makes very little difference whether such
would be the case or not, for no man whose land really
needs manuring would think, of proceeding in such a
ridiculous manner as to omit the manure entirely, and
if the land were producing satisfactory crops, certainly
liming would not be called for. H. j. wheeler.

Rhode Island Exp. Station.

R. N.-Y. — Prof. Wheeler’s lucid explanation will be
of interest to many inquirers. We have received a sur¬
prising number of questions on the points discussed.

SHALL WE RESEED ALFALFA ?

I have a field sown to Alfalfa last Spring. It seems
thin, about six or eight inches apart. Plants are small, but
look thrifty. I can find no nodules. Would you advise lim¬
ing, top-dressing with manure or fertilizer, or using inocu¬
lated soil? Seed was inoculated with bacteria. Would you
disk or drag up ground and sow more seed? There is quite
a mulch on the ground from clippings last year. I am
anxious for stand regardless of cost. f. j. n.

I can only offer some suggestions that may be helpful.
If the plants are thrifty at the present time and like'y
to grow vigorously, they are still thick enough to make
a good stand, and it may be well worth while to attempt
to bring this seeding through. I have known of one or
two pieces that seemed to have no nodules the first year
and were treated with soil from an old Alfalfa field
the next season, with the result that abundant inocula¬
tion took place. I should like to sec this experiment
repeated. Our experience is that liming, manuring and
fertilizing does good in the vast majority of cases. On
our heavier soils liming seems to be almost essential
to success. We find that stable manure introduces weed
seeds, which in some cases interfere with the Alfalfa
to as great an extent as the manure itself benefits the
crop. We are inclined to thin : that for the purpose of
keeping clear of weeds it is well to recommend com¬
mercial fertilizers with inoculation rather than stable
manure. Soil inoculation has been much more uni¬
formly successful with us than seed inoculation by
means of cultures. However, we hope to continue the
work with the bacteria culture, and, be¬
cause of the facility and economy with which
it can be used, hope to find out how to make
it uniformly successful. j. l. stone.

Cornell University.

It is our experience that when Alfalfa is
not thick enough the first Spring after seed¬
ing, it is much more satisfactory to plow and
reseed than to try reseeding on the sur¬
face, top-dressing with manure, fertilizer,
etc. It would seem that if the plants are not
closer than six or eight inches, in the long
run it would be better to reseed. Our seed-
ings of last Summer are looking splendid this
Spring; the Winter was apparently a very
favorable one. e. b. voorhees.

New Jersey Exp. Station.

If the plants are six or eight inches apart,
and are thrifty, and the soil is rich and sub¬
soil congenial, a crop will be forthcoming
with the present stand. If the land is weedy
and the Alfalfa slow in starting, there may
be trouble. I would get some inoculated
soil and sow broadcast if the present roots
are left. I would not want to top-dress
with stable manure at this season ; there is
danger of injury to a plant to cover ic
when growing. If the soil needs fertility
put on a high-grade commercial manure. I
would hardly expect much effect from the
lime if applied now. You want something
to act quick. In a word, I would, if my soil,
put on fertilizer, 500 pounds to the acre, sow
10 pounds of seed per acre, brushing in
gently, and await developments.

Lewis Co., N. Y. h. e. cook.

If your correspondent has Alfalfa plants
which stand as close as six or eight inches,
and these plants develop as they should do,
he has a sufficient number for a good stand.
The Alfalfa plant stools, so that if there
is one plant to every square foot a good crop
of hay may be secured. I would not disk or
drag the ground, but would recommend a top-dressing
of acid phosphate and muriate of potash; about 200
pounds of the former and 100 of the latter, to the acre.

Connecticut. _ l. a. clinton.

GOOD OUTLOOK FOR HORSE BREEDING.

As to comparative profits in stock raising, my obser¬
vation teaches me that the average man will succeed
in the following order: Cows, sheep, pigs, horses. If
the man has the ability and fancy, sheep by far outclass
all other stock for a sure thing. At the present time
horses are very high and in great demand; in fact, in
the 25 years that I have been in the business there has
been no time, with exception of 1893 and 1894, but what
the demand for a strictly first-class business and family
driving horse has been greater than I could supply.
The business of horse breeding is the most alluring of
all, as well as the most risky and hazardous. There is
no regular market for colts; there is no income from
horses until the finished product is put on the market,
unless it be in the Thoroughbred branch, with which
I am not familiar, but understand that they are sold
principally at auction as yearlings. I believe that every
farm should keep at least one brood mare, and the
general-purpose driving horse will prove the most profit¬
able to raise. By that I mean the large, heavy type of
the American trotter, with a Strong Morgan cross :o
insure beauty and action. C. a. chapman.

Vermont.

THE BLEEDING HEART, DIELYTRA SPECTABILIS. Fig. 149.

See Ruralisms, Page 358.

356

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

FARMER? CLUB

[ Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to In¬
sure attention. • Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered In
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper ]

Plowing in Potato Seed.

F. J. D., Bellows Falls, Vt. — I am about to
experiment on raising potatoes. How would
It do to plant potatoes in the furrows as team
is plowing along, say dropping every third or
fourth furrow, and letting plow cover seed?
Have you ever heard of anyone planting po¬
tatoes in this way?

Ans. — We planted a small field of po¬
tatoes this way one year — dropping the
seed every third furrow and covering
with a reversible plow, so that all fur¬
rows were turned the same way. 1 he
crop was a good one — quite as good as
where the soil was fitted in the usual
way. We like the method best on sod.
The objection is that the rows are not
straight, and the plants come up unevenly,
making more work to take care of the
crop.

Use of the Soda Bordeaux.

IT. II. K., Ridgefield, Conn. — Could you get
for us an article on using caustic soda in
place of lime in Bordeaux Mixture for pota¬
toes? It would he a decided advantage to
have the mixture without sediment, but the
question with me is whether it would stay
on the vines as well In case of hard rains.

Ans. — There is some information on
the subject in bulletins issued by the New
Jersey Station (New Brunswick) and the
Geneva Station (Geneva, N. Y.). In our
experience this soda-Bordeaux sprays bet¬
ter than the lime, and is as effective, ex¬
cept that it does not stick to the foliage
so well. It costs more than the lime.
We would like experience from others.

Age of Bearing Trees ; Grape Vine.

G. II. T., Jewell City, Conn. — 1. How long
shall I have to wait for young apple trees
to ben r ? They were sold to me as three
years old. They are doing nicely, and I have
had .them three years. 2. How can I make
five-year-old grape vines bear?

Ans.— 1. Apple trees seldom hear until
they have been set six to eight years.
Some kinds, like Yellow Transparent and
Hubbardston, bear in three or four years ;
others like Northen Spy and Baldwin,
must have nearly 10 years’ growth before
fruit spurs are formed. 2. Close prun¬
ing, cutting back to not over two buds
on each spur, is the most certain method
of inducing grapevines of the proper age
to bear. Many varieties do not bear free¬
ly until six or seven years old from the
cutting. A five-year vine should not
have more than three canes four to six
feet long, with all spurs or side branches
cut back to two buds each.

Paint of Water Lime and Skim-Milk.

It. B. B., Woodleaf, N. C. — Is hydrated
lime the same as the water lime which Mr.
Chapman referred to last year in his article
on lime and skim milk for paint? Will Mr.
Chapman give us his opinion of the above
substitute after another year’s trial? Will
it do to put It on a surface that has been
primed and Is scaling ofT?

Ans. — I have just looked over our
buildings that were painted with this
substance and find very little if any flak¬
ing off. I am better pleased with it
than ever. I do not think that it would
be advisable to put it on a surface that
has been painted and is scaling off, until
that surface has been scraped throughly
and there were no loose particles left
upon it. In regard to hydrated lime, I
do not understand that it is the same as
water lime. Hydrated lime is stone lime,
slaked with water. Water lime is about
the same as the low grades of cement,
which is, perhaps, the modern name for
about the same substance. I think that
one can substitute cement for the old-
fashioned water lii-.e with equally good
results. Let me give the caution that I
have always given; that you do not have
the mixture too thick, and that you do
not put on too thick a coating, as there
is more likelihood of its scaling off hy its
own thickness and weight. If it is too
thick, it does not penetrate easily.

C, E. CHAPMAN.

Pruning Peach Trees.

If. C. C., Acra, N. Y. — What ia the proper
way to trim a peach tree of three Summers’
growth? I-ast year the trees made a growth
of from three to five feet. How far should
they be cut hack this Spring? I planted last
Spring 75 Elberta peach trees that made a
growth of from two to live feet. How would
you trim them? The buds on the first 100
trees are all alive to-day. I plant my peach
trees 12 feet apart, and head them low. I
never allow a fork or crotch on body or
limb or a cluster of limits if I can help it.

Ans. — From the statements of H. C. C.
I think he is treating his peach trees
properly, and all that he needs to do is
to continue the good treatment and prune
wisely. The leading branches should be
cut back about one-third of the length
of the last year’s growth, care being
used to balance the trees well, 1 his will
keep them from getting long and strag¬
gling in growth of branches, which is
always to be avoided. h. e. v. n.

About Orchard Thinning.

It is well that Prof. Craig starts the
orchard thinning question. Methods for
thinning are now in order and 1 herewith
submit a plan which we are carrying
out. The trees are mostly Rhode Island
Greenings, and consequently great spread¬
ers. The limbs began to meet 20 years
from planting. They arc set 30x32 feet.

IP YOU WANT

BIG CROPS

Sond for our free booklet, “Science Applied to Agri¬
culture,” It will enable you to

Double Your Profits

0SB0RNE-FISKE CO., P.0. 1459, N. Y. City

r

Fill Your
Silo With
Sweet Corn

It has been recommended by the majority
of Experimental Stations that sweet Corn
fodder Is the most desirable for ensilage pur¬
poses. A large crop the past season gave us
an exceedingly fine sample of Evergreen
Sweet Corn which we now quote for ensilage
purposes at $2 per bushel, f. o. b. here. No
charge for sacks. While we have a largo
stock we feel this special price will move it
quickly. Therefore, advise prompt orders.

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

Air is four-fifths nitrogen. LET BACTERIA
GATHER IT FOR YOU. Inoculate your soil and
seed with NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.
Safe ami easy— anyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, pons, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, etc. One
treatment, lasts for years! Half acre package $1;
one acre $1.60. Send for circular.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vt.

p S p / P

We determined to take out every other
row diagonally, but by a gradual process.
In this age of spraying, with trestle rigs
to be drawn through the orchard, room
must be had to get around. As fast as
the trees crowd we keep cutting from
the trees to he eventually taken out and
let the permanent trees spread at will.
Now, after 32 years from setting, all the
large lower branches are off some of the
trees, and it is only a question of time
when they will be taken out entirely.
As will he seen by the diagram this will
leave the permanent trees about 45 feet
each way. w- A- B-

Seneca Co., N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

RED RASPBERRY PLANTS

Excellent, Cheap. OUTH BkHT , the best old variety.
PHCENIX, the best old or new, earliest, latest, band-
Komost, hardiost, most prolific,. Also Strawberry
Plants. Send for circular to John B. Smith, I list
Pres, of Conn. Pomol. Society, Berlin, Conn.

April 29,

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Jessie. Splendid, Clyde, Barton's Eclipse, Sample.
Nettie. Write for price. J. K. LOSKK, Klnora. N. V .

YOUNG STRAWBERRY PLANTS at $1 .50 per
M.— Nick Ohmer, Wolverton, Saunders, Brandywine,
Haverland, Seaford, Enormous, Wm. Belt, Marshall,
Excelsior, New York, Rough Rider, Sonntor Dun¬
lap. Fresh dug, well packed, <100 Wealthy, 300 5 ork
Imperial, 300 Rome Beauty, 2 y r. !i to 7 ft. (fraud stock.
Low price. Arthur J. Collins, Moorestown, N.

rnn oil crimson clover seed, $5.50
run OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel:
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOI. LAND.

Milford. Delaware.

$180 THE 2d YEAR ...Tn^Tuv

KKVITT'S PLANT FARM, Atiionin, New Jersey.

FRUIT CANNING

Machinery, 5 sizes, $10 and up. Cheapness and ca¬
pacity will surprise you. Save the fruit, work at
homo. Soli to r to res at better prices. Booklet free.
W. 8. Ritchie, Bridgeport, Ala., or Corona. ( ai,

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

PINE HILL FRUIT FARM. Center Brook, Conn,

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Climax at $2 a 1000, and all other loading varieties.
Apply to I>. RODWAY, Partly, Delmvnre.

Strawberry Plants.

Commonwealth, Mead, and other varieties; Argon-
teuil and Palmetto Asparagus Roots.

GEORGE F. WHEELER, Concord, Muss.

SEED POTATOES

Irish Cobbler and Karly Norther. Extra line stock
j?rown on virgin soil. $1 per bushel; $2.50 per bbl.,
f.O.b. T. DKISCOLL, Kauneonga, Bull. Co., N. Y .

Willow it ale Nurseries

Wo have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayinan, Noro. Lankford and others ot the best lato
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Befberis Thunhergii, the host plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
KAKESTHA W & PYLE, Kcnnett 8q„ Penna.

DCAPU TDCrC A full line of varie.
rCALrl I KtCO ties, new audold-
A I* P I, E T K E E 8 ,

Summer, Autumn nnd Winter Varieties.
QUINCE TREKS arc scarce,
but we have them. Oct our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

450,000 TRFFS

xoo varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits etc. BeBt root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Dene, price list free. Lewis Koc.li, Frcdonia, N. Y.

FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

500,000 ASPARAGUS ROOTS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ CHEAP ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•

ALLOTJflKK VEGETABLE PLANTS IN SEASON.
I. & J. L. LEONARD, Iona, New Jersey.

PEACH

lar free.

TREES. No. 1 at 3c, medium size 2*40.
and No. 2 at 1 'uc each. Trees kept
dormant until nftor May 15. Circu¬
it. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del.

W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Seedgrowors

^PHILADELPHIA, PENNf^^

SEED

POTATOES— Best early and late. Fine
Stock. 40 and 50 cents a bushel. Write.
McAdams Seed Co., Columbus Grove, O.

Seed Potatoes bushel, $1.25: *10 bushels. $10.

Also berry plants, etc. Catalogue free.

L. J. FARMER, Box 20, Pulaski, Now 5 ork.

PLANT Northern Michigan Grown Seed Potatoes.

Wonderfully productive, yield 660 bu. acre last
year Varieties Karly Michigan, Ohio, Six Weeks,
60c liu. ; Late Beauty of Hebron, Superior, Carman
No. 3. Uncle Sam, 50c bu.; 100 Bu. Lots Carman
No. .3 or Uncle Sam, $40. U. BLKM1ICBKK & SON,
Specialists, Marquette, Michigan.

The BEST RASPBERRY

Is Plum Farmer, early, large, enormously
productive. Catalog of raspberry, straw¬
berry and other berry plants free. Write.

L. J. FARMER, PULASKI, NEW YORK

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

Wo have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new liKla Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NUKBKIUKS,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

P ADD 1ft C PLANTS. 300,000 E. J. Wnkefield
UADDAUC and E. Summer. Very Strong. $1.
1000; $8, 10,000. F.W. Rochelle, Drawer 3. Chester, N-J.

Potatoes— Acme, Carman, Cobbler, Dela , Fortune.
Ohio, Rose, 6 W'ks, 85 kinds C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y,

B

free

EAN8 FOR SEED— Extra Loatloss Poa Beans,
Big Yioldors, finest eaters. $2.65 pur bushel, lings
. A. E. STACY, Elbridgo, New York.

Strawberry Plantfi
_ _ _ __ _ ami Lucretla Dew¬
berry Plants, all one stock. Lot your orders come.
Catalogue froe. D. \V. MOSLEY, Dover, Del.

FOR SALE

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.
Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

VELVET BEANS

+♦♦♦ A 1 SEED ♦♦♦♦

2(H) bushels in two-bushel sacks. $2 per bushel f.O.b.
Brooksvillo, Fla.

PRIMUS GARY, Box 34. Brooksviile. Florida.

VEGETABLE PLANTS frSSS&fSS

strong; 1000, $5; 100,60c.; Rhubarb, Victoria, UK), $5:
200,000 Sweet Potato, Yellow Jersey, 1,000, $1 50; 100,000
Horseradish Sets; 1,000, $2. 100,30c. Millions of Colerv,
Cabbage, Pepper. Eggplants and other Vegotatilo
Plants. Price list free, (’ash witli order.

LUDVIG MOSHAEK, Onarga, 111.

nAYl YAPQ grown especially for SEED. 15
I U I A I UCO varieties, price right, list froo.

GKO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

lOOObu. “Million Dollar”Seed Potatoes

Grown from four acres, freo from blight, quality
excellent; guaranteed pure, freo from scab and true
to name. Two bushels or more, 50c,. per bushel; 10
bushels or more, 5 per cent. off. Sacks free, (’ash
with order. Don’t send personal checks unless 25c. is
added for collection. I). C. McPHKRSON SEED
COMPANY, Garbutt, Monroe County, N. \.

TREES

$5 Per 100 •

Apples, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop*
loV, Tton.it.h v. true to name and Fumigated Al*

FREIGHT
PAID. . .

Rkmkmbkk we BEAT
RELIANCE NURSERY.

lars. Healthy, true „ -

kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices-
all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free-

Itox 10, Geneva, New York.

R IJ R T’S 20 KINDS $ I

it u i Awarded the GRAND PRIZE

rx 1 III |1C (highest honor) at St. Louis Ex-
I I \ rl I 1/1^ position. Catalogue freo.
1/flllLtliAA/ jj BURT, - Taunton, Mass.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Parts, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1004.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nureerlee,
Drawer 1044 - I, llnrlniHtrr, N,T.

Bltabluhed 18W>

Every variety of seed the farmer needs
_ _ to make the farm nay. Northern grown ...

hardv varieties We carry an especially attractive lot ot Grass Seeds ( lover.

Alfalfa, Timotliy, Millet, Blue Uraso, Harvey’B Special Pasture Mixture, etc.

HARVEY’S SURE SEEDS

are all tested and true to name. Field Seeds, Potatoes, Oats, Whoat. Barley.-the
best that grow Oorn-tho regular sorts and several new varieties of money-
makers some especially suitable for ensilage-/™ for the dairy farmer. Write
tor complete froe catalog. Harvey^BeedCo^_ll2Elhcott^BtTeet^iiffalo^$^^

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

a a _ _ _ _ _ aw n na.4... a. Mil Si 4 » 4 * 4 1

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and
Potatoes In assortment. All stock warranted hi
logue with cultural Instructions, Freo. L. F

Grape Plants, Asparagus Boots and 8«‘<1
Igh grade and true to name. Forty - page Lata-
10. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mlcb.

i=i Strawberries

■ ally fine stock to offer ^ ,T.

this spring— nearly 10,000,000 plants, strong rooted, in the best possible condition.

- all the favorites -

Some 60 varieties, including Bubach. Excelsior, Gandy, Haverland. Louis Huboch,
Michell's Early, Parsons, Sharpless, Warfield, Ltc.

You will be surprised at the plant excellence. Prices are right. Try us with a first order this
spring. Arrival in perfect condition guaranteed. Send today for free catalog.

Harrison's Nurseries* Box 29. Berlin. Maryland.

Leading Strawberry Plenl Growers ol America.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

357

PAPER POTS FOR TOMATOES.

Two years ago 1 started growing toma¬
toes, and set out about 2,07 » plants. It
was early in May und the weather turned
cold. The men who set them out thought
they knew so much more than 1 did, that
the result was I had only about 200 plants
that lived. It took three replantings to
get the patch in shape, and last year I
determined to have my plants in pots.
But the cost was prohibitive, Ifo a thou¬
sand, and as I wanted to set out 10,000
it amounted to $(>(), so after various visits
to sundry stores I found a man who
would sell me what he called tag board
for one cent a sheet and cut it into any
size. We figured that one sheet could
be cut into 12 pieces, and after a little ex¬
periment 1 made a wooden form, merely
a block of wood VAxV/p inch at the
base, one-sixteenth of an inch smaller at
the top and three inches high. The sheet
of tag board made 12 pieces, each 4 by
11 inches. The form wag jiailed on a
table of convenient height just at the
edge. 1 should have said that a piece of
metal was put on the top of the form to
clinch the tacks, an i we were ready to go
to work. After making 10,000 pots I
find that the best way is to take the piece
of tag board with the right hand and
hold one short edge even with the right
hand corner of the form nearest the
operator. With the left hand draw the
board around the form tightly until
the finger and thumb of the right hand
can grasp it, then finish wrapping it
around the form with both hands grasp¬
ing the form ; fold in the top that pro¬
jects above the form with both index
fingers, drawing in the side fartjiest)
away first, then the two sides; and lastly
the side nearest you should be pushed
over with the thumb and a single tack
finishes the job. 1 have made them in
six seconds each. The advantages of the
paper pot over a clay pot can only be
realized after a trial. At planting time
simply tear off the bottom of the pot
and plant ; don’t try to save them for
another season, as they arc pretty well
rotted if the plant has stood any time.
In handling there is the greatest saving
of time, and in the greenhouse or hot¬
bed there is an equal saving of space,
as the pots being square there is no
unfilled space. They can be made any
size, but the same proportion of length
and width should be observed both as to
the form and tag board. P. B„ ckosuy.

Maryland. _

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE .

Valuable Cherries. — California will soon
be sending fair shipments of early cherries to
the East. The lirst box of the season was
sold in Philadelphia April 14. It contained
10 pounds of fruit and sold for $100.

Don't Ship to Them. — “Is the M'utual
Commission Co., of - , reliable?”

New York. a. tr.

This concern Is one of the type which Is
apparently anxious to benefit the farmers.
Their circulars state that they have unex¬
ampled facilities for handling farm products,
and that they will buy for cash at the high
est prices, thus saving all commission. This
"mutual" method of appealing to farm pro¬
duce shippers has been worked so long that
one might expect It to be run out. Any man
who ships stuff to these people or others like
them Is sure to lose In the long run. They
have no better facilities for handling goods
than dozens of others, and certainly cannot
get better prices on staple articles. If they
apparently give the farmer the commission
that others charge, they will get It away
from him in short weights or some similar
form of docking. There is a long string of
such tricks, and some concerns manage to
keep up a reputation for generous treatment
while at the same time steadily robbing their
patrons. The best farm produce handlers are
working for money. The work Is hard, the
hours long and expenses heavy. As a rule
the commission that they charge, running
from five to 10 per cent, according to the
character of the stuff sold. Is reasonable, and
It Is better to do business through them than
through some one who Is willing to work for
nothing and throw In numerous gratuities.

Peafowl Eons Wanted. — “Where can I get
a setting or two of peafowl eggs?” J. Y.

Colorado.

These eggs are always scarce and high.
One of the best authorities on this subject
that we know of Is Homer Davenport, the
artist, proprietor of Davenport Farms, Morris
Plains, N. J., who has probably the most ex¬
tensive collection of pheasants, peafowls and
similar curious birds in this country. The
prices for peafowl eggs run from $J to $10
each, the latter for those of the very beau¬
tiful flreen Java peafowl. At this farm there
are 38 species of the pheasant family, many
of them as hardy and easily cared for as our
common domestic fowls. The variety of
plumage In form and color Is astonishing.
Some of these birds are not suitable to keep
in an ordinary poultry yard, as they have a
gamey disposition which Induces them to
tight all other fowls. One variety is so pug
nacious lie is not satisfied until he clears out
the whole poultry yard, and In captivity is
sometimes ungallant enough to kill bis own
mate unless his wing is clipped so that the
female can reach a higher perch.

What is a Fowl?— “For some time as I
have read the market quotations in The R.
N.-Y. my perceptions have been blurred when
I reached the poultry department. I was al¬
ways under the impression that a fowl was
a chicken (though It might also mean a duck
or goose) and a chicken was a fowl, yet I
find you specify each and give to one a great¬
er quotation than the other, so I would like
you to define both chickens and fowls from a

market point of view.” f. w.

New Jersey.

According to the dictionary and common
sense, all domesticated birds are fowls, und
even the wild birds are the “fowls of the
air." The distinction referred to in market

quotations is merely one made for conven¬
ience in classifying poultry, and has become
a fixture in market language, in which a fowl
is a chicken that is no longer young. Just
where the dividing Hue comes it is hard to
toll, but In a general way a yearling or more
is a fowl rather than a chicken, though
boarding house keepers sometimes extend
the age limit of ehickendom. It will be noted
that fowls are sometimes quoted higher than
chickens, particularly in live poultry figures.
Most of the live poultry is sold to the Jewish
trade, and this lias a preference for fat hens
and geese. As their religion forbids the use
of lard or other pork products, poultry fat
takes the place of these things to some ex¬
tent, and chickens do not give much fat. In
dressed poultry there is quite a wide range
in value of chickens. The best chickens are
always high, but fowls often sell above lower
grades, and, in fact, anyone fond of poultry
would prefer a nice yearling or even two-
year-old hen to an inferior chicken.

Financial Matters. — The Wall Street,
wheel of fortune has made some erratic and
startling moves lately. Copper, Steel I’re-
ferred and Steel Common have sold, respec¬
tively, at two, three and four times prices
only a few months ago. The business in these
metals Is good at present, yet no one will
claim that the copper and steel Industries
are in an Improved condition proportionate
to the increased prices of their stocks. 'Hie
price of many speculative stocks depends
more upon the confidence and credulity of the
public than upon the earning capacity of the
business represented. Hundreds of people
with a little copper and steel stock sold with
a rush when low tide mark was reached, and
now feel injured because they did not hold
on. Others were determined not to be fright¬
ened, and are now holding at a price in ex¬
cess of what they paid. One of these re¬
cently told me that he was going to sell very
soon and Invest in something that seemed a
little less like gambling. The stocks referred
to are typical of many others, but are men¬
tioned here because people are better ac¬
quainted with them on account of newspaper
publicity and frantic magazine articles.
Though there may be no more highway roh-
bery In stock speculation than in many other
lines of business in which big operators are
constantly trying to devour each other, the
best thing for the man with a small sum to
invest is to keep away from the rumpus and
let the cannibals tight It out. n.

THE

Whirlwind Duster

Wo are the only manufacturers of Dust Spray
Machines who have for several years used the
Dust Spray exclusively. Therefore the infor¬
mation we can give on the subject of Dust
Spraying is from our actual experience as Fruit
Growers. We have what the pooplo want in a
Dust Spray Machine.

The Only Up-to-date
Latest improved

Strong and simple of construction and oasy to
operate. No other firm can give you the infor¬
mation you want on this subject. Our System
is the only practical System. Write us for cata¬
logue and prices.

The Kiser Whirlwind Duster Mfg. Co.,

Stnnberry, Missouri

DEFENDER

SPRAYER

Powerful, all brass,
easy to use. Quick
sellers. Treatise on
Spraying & Catalog
of Spray Pumps free.
Write to-day. Agents
wanted.

J. F. GAYLORD,
Box 78, CatakilL, N. V.

ALUMINUM SPRAY NOZZLES

with hard bronze caps. Half tho weight of brass; su¬
perior in everyway. Price, 1 point, 90c ; 2point,$l JS0;
It point, $2.30; 4 point, $3.00. Address, Wallace Ma¬
chinery Company, Booklet 7, Champaign, Ill.

SCALES

BUST LESS COST TAN ANY OTHER.

CATALOGUE FREE.
JOSTKS “He Pays tho Freight.”

Box ;t07 Binghamton, N. Y.

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

YV. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Foreatvillc, Conn

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever Invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,

* 20tn Century Wagon Box

you expect. Thoroughly h'>1 ♦<*

elMfg. Co., Box 219

fodel

Stock Rack and I
Ladders. Made Better t
'>ued, not nailed. Wri

an

rite

Mancie, Indiana.

I Fertility I
Germs I

"■ Sorao soil raisos bettor crops than others I
because it contains more nitrogen.

Fertility germs draw nitrogen from the air— |
deposit it m the soil— make (the land rich— I
insure immense crops.

^ NITRO-CULTURE

I Contains these germs. Sprinkle on seeds be- I
fore planting. Germs increase — enrich the I
soil, make nitrogenous fertilizers unnecessary. I
$2.00 worth increases yield per acre euor- B
uiously. Write for Catalogue S 2.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.
West Chester, Pa.

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under oontrol. Strong, aafe, oany for
hones. Always ready. Two horse alio 1 100.
for catalogue.

Mfg.Co. Box 11, Coblesklll, N.Y.

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination.

CALDWELL

Tnnkti don't leak. They
are made right. We build
tanka of Kverlaiitlng Cy¬
press ; also White Fine.
We have huuilredH we
can refer to in your
vicinity. Semi for Illus¬
trated catalogue and
price Hat.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY.

And Suva tho Middlomnw'x Enormous Profits.

Our Milk Cans embody all best improvements ; are
made of annealed steel ; all parts double tinned. In¬
sides flush and smooth us gluss ; no places for milk to
collect and sour ; very easy to clean— a most Import¬
ant feature. tiu.r.nl.ed n« rrprr-
nrnt.d or rsn. msy bo returned st
our oxprnso both nsy«. Four .Lyle, t

Wisconsin, 8 gal, 15 lbs, $1 85
“ 10 gal, It! lbs, 1 40

Iowa, 5 gal, 12 lbs, 1 40

“ 8 gal, 17^ lbs, 166

“ 10 gal, 18k lbs, 1 tSO

New York, 6 gal, 15 lbB, 1 05
“ 8 gal, 21 lbs, 1 75

“ 10 gal, 22 lbs, 1 00

Cleveland, 8 gal, 21 lbs, 1 75
“ * 10 gal, 22 lbs, 1 80

TermB, cash with order, or
0. O. 1). subject to examination.

The Seestedt Bros. Mfg Co.

ROMULUS, MICH.

SILOS

Buy your Silo material from T. K.
CROSS, Poughkeepsie, Now York,
and save agent's profits.

COLUMBIA BWR

New Buys
KJ our Great

Guaranteed COLUMBIA SPECIAL

Two Years Top Buggy on

30 0AYS’

FREE
TRIAL.

Its equal else¬
where would
cost no less
than 850.00.
fully describes it and 250
other styles of pleasure
and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory
prices. There is a* much difference between "Columbia" and
other makee of buggies at betweenmuehroomt and toad-stoolt.
l!uy the tried, proven and endorsed kind; they cost
no morethun tho unknown. Write for catalog today.

Columbia M’fg & Supply Co."g2££ J,"-

OUR FREE CATAL06

If You
Want a
FENCE

That is Horse High, Hull Strong,
Pig and Chicken tight
That Is made from the best High
Carbon Steel Wire
That is heavily Galvanized to pre¬
vent rust or corrosion
That is Coiled to provide for con¬
traction and expansion
That you- can buy direct from us
at Wholesale Prices with

FreigHt Prepaid

To Your Station

That you can examine and order
returned if displeased
That you can erect and use for 30
days and return at our freight
expense if unsatisfactory and
get your money, write forour
New Catalogue telling how Wire
is made, how it is Galvanized
and why some Wire is good
and some is bad. It is FREE.
Write for it to-day. Address,

KITSELMAN BROTHERS,

Box 230 MUNCIE. INDIANA.

THE TOWNSEND

WIRE STRETCHER

is tho most easily attached or do
tached of any implement made.
Stretches to tho last post as well as
to any. Steel grips that never slip.
Can be got at any Hardware store.
Write tor circulars. Satisfaction
guaranteed.

E. G. TOWNSEND,
Painted Post, New York.

Great $1 Offer

.932™

\ This Model ”B”

Top Buggy, price'
sent on inspection for 81 Good
Faith Deposit. Money
refunded if not satis¬
factory. Same offer
on our entire line. Cat-
’ alogue free on request.
Write for it today.

THE MODEL CARRIAGE AND IIAUNK88 CO.
171 W. Sixth MU. Cincinnati, O.

7,000 VEHICLES AT FACTORY GOST

ANTICIPATING AN EXCEPTIONAL TRADE IN VEHICLES THIS YEAR IN
THE SOUTH ON ACCOUNT 0FTHE VERY LARGE CROPS ANDTHE HIGH
PRICE OF COTTON, WE HAVE CONTRACTED FOR AN ENORMOUS
STOCK OF MATERIALS. THE SLUMP IN THE PRICE OF COTTON HAS
CURTAILED TRADE IN THE SOUTH TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT WE
MUST MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO DISPOSE OF THIS STOCK, AND
WE ARE OFFERING NEARLY 7,000 VEHICLES OF THE

VERY LATEST DESIGNS, direct to the CONSUMER

AT A SAYING OF NEARLY 40%

US TO-DAY IF YOU ARE NEEDING AiVEHICLE
OF ANY DESCRIPTION.

l2,PioneerCarriage & Harness Go.,Cln%0.

Concord Wagon No. K

Iluekboard No. 4« K Spring Wagon No. 441 K Kunabout No. 64 K

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 K

Those roodors of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know wo sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from to G>0 per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

We are situated in tho vehicle center of tho
world! Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more und
better buggies than any other city. Haro, too, are
great factories making part* for all kinds of vehicles.
Wo select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their Construction — and then
we sell them, direct from factory to you, at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
ayatcni, you don't pay any traveling men* sex ponses,
dealer's profits, cost of storage or handling. You simply
pay for the buggy. And remember, we sell every¬
thing on one plan — an absolute guurautcc of
uatlafactlon.

Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue. Wo can show you what you want, at
tho prico you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

Wo don't sell cheap harners, hut wo sell No. 1 Har¬
ness, made right hero in our Kalamazoo factory, at
the price others ask for cheap harnoos

Our big general catalogue, No. C*H6, will give you best information and lowest piicoaon
everything fortlie home und the farm. Askforit. It’sfrue.

CASH SUPPLY .I: MFG. CO., 4B1 Lawrence H<|, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

358

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April

Ruralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Spraying for San Jose Scale. — Scale
control is plainly the most serious prob¬
lem confronting the New Jersey orchard-
fruit grower. # It cannot yet be claimed
that any really effective and practical
means of controlling this dreadful pest
has been developed. All the spraying
mixtures proposed have objectionable
qualities. The few that can be relied on to
kill the scale are quite likely to injure the
tree, and those not harmful to trees do
not appear greatly to disturb the scale.
Last Spring we sprayed all infested trees
with liver of sulphur-lime solution, one-
half pound each to the gallon of water,
applied fresh and hot. No trees were in¬
jured, and the peaches were apparently
cleared of leaf-curl fungus, but the scales
were so little harmed that they multiplied
and crusted our apple, pear and cherry
trees, and to a less extent overspread the
peaches and plums. The Rural Grounds
have never experienced such a disastrous
increase of the pest. As radical means
seemed necessary to check further spread
the trees were again sprayed in October,
as soon as the leaves were off, with potash
whale-oil soap, two pounds to the gallon.
This is a strong solution and will only go
well through the nozzles while warm.
The infected trees were most carefully
coated, except a few reserved for the
limoid-kerosene treatment this Spring. As
far as field inspection can go at this writ¬
ing, the scales appear entirely destroyed
o.i the soap-sprayed trees, but most flower
buds, a large proportion of fruit spurs,
many twigs and even some considerable
branches have also been killed, the injury
appearing greatest where the scale-crusts
are thickest. Whether this injury is il-
together due to the soap or the action of
the severe Winter cold on the devitalized
tissues under the scale crusts is not evi¬
dent, but more wood appears killed on
the soap-sprayed trees than on similar
ones unsprayed. The severest inj ury, con¬
trary to our usual experience, is shown
by young pear trees of European varie¬
ties.

The Kerosene-Ltmoid Wash. — We
sprayed the reserved trees — some of each
class — March 15 and 25 with kerosene-
limoid wash, about 18 p^r cent kerosene.
This is surely an ideal method of dis¬
tributing kerosene. Nine quarts of kero¬
sene and 10 pounds limoid were mixed
to a smooth paint with a wooden paddle,
and 40 quarts or 10 gallons of water
stirred in. The mixture was rather
flocculent, but the oil and lime seemed
perfectly incorporated with the water, and
sprayed in a very satisfactory way with
the use of moderate pressure. As the
mixture dried on the trees the coating ap¬
peared very uniform. The early applica¬
tion was followed in 12 hours by heavy
and continuous rains, which washed off
much of the coating, the last spraying by
a week of warm, dry weather The effect
on the scale remains to be seen ; it is only
evident now that the trees do not show
any injury from this wash. Leaf and
flower buds appear to be coming out in
quite a normal way. We can only hope
that the scales will be cleared off. A
careful reading of the bulletins on K.-L
mixtures issued by the Delaware Exper¬
iment Station does not greatly encourage
the idea that scale can be destroyed by a
single application, even of the 20-per-cent
dilution, but rather that repeated spray¬
ings of mixtures cortaining a lower per¬
centage of oil may be needed during the
Summer months. Mixtures containing
not over 10 per cent of kerosene may be
sprayed when the foliage has hardened in
midsummer without much injury, and is
very effective in killing the larvae and
young scales, but cannot be relied on to
clear off the adults. Whether trees will
endure repeated applications in one season
of oily or caustic insecticides is not fully
demonstrated. The margin of resistance
to insecticides between the Pernicious
scale and tree tissues is narrow, and the
latter’s power of growth in some local¬
ities does not seem eaual to the damage
caused by frequent spraying. If the K.-L.
mixture proves generally successful
against the scale it will be a great boon,
as it is a convenient preparation to handle.

The Bleeding Heart. — The fine illus¬
tration on page 355, Fig. 149, engraved
from an English photograph, very well
shows the graceful outlines of the ever-
welcome herbaceous plant, Dielytra spec-
tabilis, popularly known as bleeding heart.
It is one of the choicest hardy plants ever
received from the Orient, being a native
of eastern Siberia. It is now everywhere
cultivated in temperate climates. No cot¬
tage or farm garden can be considered
complete without a vigorous clump of
bleeding heart, with its neat foliage and
profuse drooping panicles of rosy-purple
heart-shaped flowers. It likes a deep but

light and rich soil, and well repays a lit¬
tle extra culture and fertilization. It is
easily increased by division of the clump
in early Spring. There are several other
species of Dielytra of considerable beauty,
but of minor cultural importance. We
have laboriously grown the yellow-flow¬
ered D. chrysanth . of California from
seed, and find it of little value in our
locality. The color is good, but the
blooms are small and stiffly carried, while
the plant is of very doubtful hardiness.*
One can make no mistake, however, in
planting the common bleeding heart.

_ w. v. F.

Shortening Season of Corn.

C. II., Jacksonville, Pa. — If we take equal
amounts of the two varieties of corn, Shen¬
andoah Yellow, season 10U days, l’ride of the
North, season 80 days, and mix it thoroughly,
then plant the corn in this mixed proportion,
will this have the tendency to shorten the
season of Shenandoah Yellow, or are we work¬
ing against the laws of Nature?

Ans. — There would probably be no gain
in earliness the first season by planting to¬
gether the above two varieties of corn dif¬
fering 20 days in maturity. The result
would be a mixture of hybrid and normal
grains of each variety on the same cobs,
but each variety would probably ripen its
cobs at about the natural time. If this
mixed seed, however, should be sown the
second and succeeding years, there would
likely be an average gain in earliness of
about 10 days over the Shenandoah Yel¬
low, or, in other words, the new hybrid
variety would be nearly intermediate be¬
tween the parents and could be fixed by
three or more years’ consecutive selection.
The above opinion is the result of much
experience in breeding corn.

Disease on Berries. — We plaut but one
variety of the blackberry here in quantity —
the Snyder, and this is rust-proof. It is sup¬
posed here that there is no cure for orange
rust except to plow up the patch. Get un¬
infected planls and set them in a new place.
Yet 1 know of one man who digs out Infected
plants, sails the ground for several feet
around, and claims success in this treatment.

I have sprayed berry fruits but two seasons,
a carbolic acid spray for thrips In the blos¬
som of strawberries and several thorough
sprayings for anthracnose in raspberries. I
raised an enormous crop of strawberries where
1 had expected failure, but could see no bene¬
fit from the Bordeaux spray I used on rasp¬
berries. 1 have never tried it, hut think it
probable that Bordeaux applied at proper
times would prevent the spot and rust of
the strawberry leaves, but should expect fail¬
ure in using it against the blight of black¬
berries. RENJ. BUCKMAN.

ANSBACHER’S

PURE PARIS GREEN

Guaranteed by half a century’s
successful use. Since 50 years «
thousands of experienced Farm¬
ers rely upon it to save their Crops
and Fruits. Absolutely pure — full
strength — deadly sure iu results.

Other makes of Paris Green,
while possibly “pure,” will burn
or scorch the foliage, thereby re- .
ducing your yield per Acre or
Tree. Often they don’t even kill
the “bugs.”

Ansb&cher’s Pari* Green is made
by a special process. The only
Paris Green on the market which
is absolutely pure — Full strength !

— Deadly in results ! — yet Per¬
fectly Harmless to Foliage!

Reject Inferior Substitutes.

Write to-day for free copy of
illustrated booklet: “How to
Use Paris Green in the Field and
Orchard” and complete Spray¬
ing Calendar. When writing,
please mention Dealer’s name.

A. B. ANSBACHKR &, CO.,

5 Murray St., New York.

HURST’S ORCHARD SPRAYER

Sprays Everything— Trees, Potatoos, Truck, or¬
chards and small patches
equally well. Rows, 4 at a
time, 20 acres a day. Even
2-acre growers say: "Pays
itself first season.” First
order (where no agent) se¬
cures Wholesale price. Ten
days’ free trial or will take
extra yield one acre as pay.
Write to-day for one free in
each locality.

H. L. HURST MFG. CO. , Dept C, Canton, O.

“ All kinds ” Sprayers, Barrels, etc., at about one-
half if you write at once.

What sprays

do you use ?

Bowker’s

are best

are carefully and scientifically made
ilvWauov combinations, many of them prepared
on government formulas, and all of them are specifics
for the pest to be destroyed. Not one remedy for all
ills, but each the most effective of its kind. All ready
to use by adding water.

ariQIIP for instance, kills all insects
dlC 9 which chew, such as codling-
moth, canker-worms, elm-leaf beetle, gypsy and
brown-tail moths, etc. The most powerful insec¬
ticide known. Sticks like paint to foliage ; not washed
off by heavy rains. 2-lb. sample, 50c. Enough for 75
gallons spray, $1. Enough fora large orchard, $4.25.

Large Illustrated Catalogue Free

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CINCINNATI

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

Tlie saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., box is Anderson, Ind.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers In our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

E. C. Brown Co.,

jluvv3 cti <x ume, «uiy

width, with

Rrnu/n’e traction

DlUWn S COMPRESSED

AIR SPRAYER.

Constant pressure up to 150 lbs.
Power costs nothing. 100 gal¬
lon cypress tank, all brass
pump. Perfectly adapted also to or¬
chard work. We are the largest man¬
ufacturer* of spray pumps in the
world, hand and power, including the
fainoui “Auto-Spray.”

Bend for Catalogue.

268 State St.. Rochemter. N.Y^

w—mammmm—m—mmrnj

(i

FUMA”

kills Prairie Dogs,
’ Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
‘The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” 80 the weevil, but you can stop

“US- “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide "£’£83

EDWARD R. TAYLOR. Penn Y»n. N. Y.

Pure Canada Hardwood Ashes

The Best, Cheapest and Most Lasting Fertilizer,

The Joynt Brand is the best

Joynt’s ashes are all collected from house to house.
Now is the time to order a carload for this season.
Write for prices to JOHN JOYNT,

Lucknow, Ontario, Canada
Reference: Bradstreet’s Agency

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S.Dept. of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertilizer as well as au Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
8701b.,3^cperlb; barrel, 425 lb., 3hlc. Send for booklet
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

HARDIE

"k Spray
Pump

I use
xa Hardit

DO YOU WANT PERFECT FRUIT?

Fruit Trees properly sprayed pay bigger
profits than anything else on the farm.

Write today J'or our free Book on Spraying,
which gives all the newest and best formulas
and tells how the successful fruit growers
make big money.

HOOK-HARDIE CO.

Ill Mechanic St. Hudson, Mich. I

brings fruits and flowers. We make
the right appliances. Special adapta¬
tion to every need.

HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP*
SACK an^ POWER SPRAYERS.

20 styles. Nozzles, hose, attachments, formula*,
every spraying accessory. Write for free catalog.

The Doming Co., Salem, O.

Western Agents, Benton & Uubbsll , Chicago

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Every thing— Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel. Combined
hand and horse power. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE.

Thomas Feppler, Ilox 45, Higlitstown, N. J.

with

the

PRAY

or GARFIELD KNAPSACK
"PERFECT AGITATORS. No scorching foliage.
I No leather nor rubber valves. All styles of Spray
Pumps. Valuable book of instructions free.
FIELD FORCE PIMP CO„ 8 1 1th St., Elmir., N. Y.

EMPIRE
KINfiH

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

MADE ONLY BY THE

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.,

BOSTON, MASS.

Be sure and get Swift’s- If your dealer
does not handle it, write direct to us.

1065.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

359

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — Wliat about the Alfalfa?

Two weeks ago 1 about concluded that we
should call it another partial failure. There
were a few scattered large plants in sight,
but by no means a good stand. I have learned
to wait after I have labored, and so I waited.
It is well I did, for with the warmer weather
thousands of little plants have started up all
over the field, and it looks now more like a
success than I ever expected. I find the
nodules or little warts on the roots where
we used the culture and also where we tried
Alfalfa two years ago and failed. Those
Alfalfa plants rank second as welcome vis¬
itors this year. First place must of course
be given to Mother and the children when
they come back about M’ay 1. The

best young grass seeding we have on the farm
this Spring is where the grass seed was put
In with buckwheat last August. We let the
buckwheat rot on the ground without at¬
tempting to cut it, and the grass has come
up through the buckwheat straw like a lawn.
This grass is evidently better than that seed¬
ed in rye or seeded alone last Fall. This is
the third time we have had this success when
seeding to buckwheat. . . . No time to

stop and hear the birds sing now. An excep¬
tion might be made with the hens. They are
singing with good results. The Spring has
run up on us and brought oat sowing and
clover seeding, spraying, garden making, tree
and potato planting and fertilizer spreading
ail in a bunch, it takes nice planning to get
tnem all done. As is pretty well known, tree
planting is done at a lively rate at Hope
Farm. We do not blow big holes with dyna¬
mite, or dig them either. We cut root and
top of the tree so as to get it as close to the
condition of a cutting as possible. Small
holes are then dug, usually right in the sod,
and the tree is planted about an inch lower
than it stood in the nursery row, with the
soil pounded firmly around it.

We do this because experience shows that
on our soil trees planted in this way make
a splendid root system and give us full con¬
trol of the top. They start close to the
ground, and we can head them about as we
please. Again, this plan of planting and car¬
ing for trees suits our conditions and works
in with the plans we have made for handling
the farm. When we started this Stringfellow
method of tree culture most of the experts
called it a very good joke. I have some let¬
ters of warning from well-known fruit grow¬
ers, which if printed with fair pictures of
my trees would make such gentlemen very
weary. I am told by nurserymen that more
and more planters are cutting off the roots
and shearing away the top. . . . Our

oldest peach trees are simply alive with fruit
buds. I have never seen buds crowded so
close together. There are more than the
trees can ever mature. That means thinning
them down, though it seems like a shame to
pull olf these promising little peaches. We are
not after little peaches — we are after big
ones. Last year Mother caught me thinning
a peach tree near the house, and was quite
Indignant at what seemed such a waste. Na¬
ture is a little too liberal in her ideas on
such trees. . . . .Tack is to he master of
ceremonies In the poach orchard this Sum¬
mer. By the first of May he will have a fair¬
sized circle hoed around each tree, and two to
three pounds of good fertilizer scattered out a
little farther than the branches extend. Then
he will haul manure, trash, forest leaves,
anything that will rot and put a good coating
under each tree, not up close to the trunk,
but so as to leave a clear space there of about
a foot. Then during the Summer weeds,
grass, brush, whatever grows or comes to us,
will be cut and put around the trees In a
wider and wider circle. As older readers
know, some of our orchards are in rough land
that has not been plowed for years, and has
grown up to cedars, birch and brush. There
is not grass enough in these fields to make
good mulch. Jack wants to try to break up
part of this tough land with a one-horse
plow, plant a low-growing kind of corn, and
at the last cultivation sow Crimson clover
and turnips. I started to let that field go
without any particular help except fertiliz¬
ing so as to see just what it would do.
Jack’s plan is a good one and I am glad to
give it a trial.

Potatoes ox Son. — Here Is a question from
Michigan :

“Would you briefly give full directions for
growing a large crop of potatoes on a Tim¬
othy sod. clay loam? I have plenty of cow
manure that can he used, also a quantity of
hen manure.” v. A. s.

It is not our plan in this section to plant
potatoes on a sod. We prefer to put corn on
the sod and potatoes on open ground. I have
planted two small patches of potatoes in sod
and had good yields. With my present expe¬
rience T would proceed as follows: Haul
about 15 good loads of cow manure per acre
and spread it on the sod. Plow just before
planting, turning the furrows so as to put the
grass under out of sight. I would not use a
spring-tooth or any harrow that would tear
up the sod, but some form of drag that
would level and crush down the surface. On
a small field I would mark both ways, so as
to make hills three feet apart without deep
furrows, and use a hand potato planter to
put in the seed or open with a hoe, drop in
the seed and cover. Tf using a planter T
would run the drills with the furrows, though
T should prefer planting in hills. I would
dry and fine the hen manure and scatter a
handful of it over each Hill at about the first
cultivation. My obiect: would l>e to keep that
sod covered as much as possible. Tf you chop
il up or turn the grass up it will be hard to
keep the field clean, and the sod rotting
under ground will give the potatoes just what
they need. To reseed for grass I would want
the sod to be chopped up so it could be killed
out before the new seeding, but for potatoes
I would keep it covered and packed down.

Or.p Age. — A Connecticut reader sends me
the following note :

“I should like to know what the Hope
Farm Man thinks of Dr. Osier. I hope that
he is a long way off from the days of anaes¬
thesia. lie has broken more hearts than he
will ever know : he has made them feel what
before they only knew in a general way. If
they would only hunt for the microbe of old
age and slay it what a blessing !”

I presume most of our people know that Dr.
Osier, a famous physician, was reported to
have made the statement that a man lias seen
his best at 40 years, and that when he gets

to be 00 he should be chloroformed. When
this report was first printed I asked a well-
known man what he thought of it: lie said:

“Osier has either not been reported rig;ht.
he is seeking notoriety, or else he is losing
his wits.”

My judgment is that all three guesses were
right. Dr. Osier has since explained, lie
was merely joking when he spoke of killing
off men of 60 — I understand he is 58 himself.
What he claims to have said was that the
years between 25 and 40 are usually the part
of life when men originate things and lay
the foundation of success. 1 must agree with
him that if a man at 40 years has not learn¬
ed to do some one thing well he is not very
likely to master any trade or profession after
that age. I have no ri"ht to base an opinion
upon any life but my own. It seems to me
now that much of the work I did before 1
was 40 was that of a pupil — not of very great
value to anybody. I thought at the time
that I came near moving the world on sev¬
eral occasions, but I didn't. If the world
hadn't been very good natured it would have
rolled over me as the only movement it felt
called upon to make. I conclude that any
one who says man cannot grow and develop
after 40 doesn't know what he is talking
about. You might just as well tell me that
a ripe apple in December is not as good as a
sour unrfpe fruit in July. Nonsense ! The
ripe and ripening years of life are the best.
There are plenty of things I could do 25
years ago which I know I can't do now, but
I am thankful that there are many things
now which I could not do then. It is true that
many of us are sorry to admit that we are
growing old. There is a charm about youth
which is beyond price. Yet I cannot think
of anything" more absurd, not to say pitiful,
than some elderly person trying to conceal
age and pass as young. If any of us are to
be experimented with I suggest some of these
gay old boys. I am sorry that some reporter
started this senseless discussion. It has hurt
many who were trying bravely to keep up
and "forget their years and infirmities in their
duties. All such things encourage the foolish
belief that because a man has gray in his
hair he must step aside for younger men.
Let a man stop for a moment and realize
what would happen to the world if all at
once the experience and caution of people
past 50 years were withdrawn from society,
and things were left entirely to the young.
In one year there would be a smash that
would require 50 years to repair. Every man
and woman should retain a hold on property
or affairs as long as they can. Let us also
try to take care of ourselves so that we may
he active and vigorous as long as possible.
As for the "microlie of old age" it will never
be killed. The best we can do is to grow Into
the years gently and calmly. Carry some
good hobby along with you, and come as close
to the Golden Rule as you can as you go
along. H. w. c.

SPRING TOOTH
HARROWS

Frames Lined and Faced, or unlined.
Teeth Full Weight, Best Made.

Send to-day for Special Circular and Price List.

LANSING IMPLEMENT CO., Lansing, Mich.

Hallofck

; Flat Tooth

Weeder

Kills weeds, stirs top soil, makes dust mulch,
preserves moisture. Great benefit to all
crops. Manufactured under special license.
Seeder Attachment insures uniform sowing
and right covering of all grasses. Sows 2 to
18 quarts per acre. Ask for book of field
scenes showing weeder at work.

Keystone Cultivator Attachment

for Sulky, Riding, Walking or Two Row
Cultivators. Runs on
the row, where Shovels
cannot reach. Uncov¬
ers corn, stirs soil,
kills weeds. Great cul¬
tivator feature.

Write for descriptive
circulars.

Keystone Farm Machine Co.,

1547 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

Harrows $5.80 Up

Cut this out and send to us
g 1 vSScljApC* with the price as printed. We
will at once ship you this well
VrTvSsssrN knownKalamazoo manufactured

high grade Spring Tooth Harrow.

ricelGToOth Not Lined, $5.80

Price, Lined .

. . 3 6.40

“ 18 “

44

6.30

44 44

. . 7.00

“ 20 “

it

6.80

it tt

. . 7.60

“ 24 “

tt

8.75

tt (4

. . 10.75

Extra Harrow Teeth, each, 20c; Channel Steel Clips,
2c each, or 22c per dozen.

Lined Harrows are used on stony land lnN.Y.,Pa.,
W.Va.. and all through New England. Ours are lined
full length and tooth bolts are protected by Channel
Steel Clips. Every Harrow has stump guard. Full
length oil-tempered spring teeth. Oak frames. A
better Harrow cannot be bought at any price.

Can ship an 18-tooth Harrow to Portland, Maine, or
Baltimore, Md., for $1.00. Points at a less distance
proportionately less. Send now; have the harrow
on hand ready for spring work. At this low price you
can’t afford to bother with the old one. We have man¬
ufactured Spring Tooth Harrows for 26 years. It was
originally Invented by a Kalamazoo man. We are
headquarters. Also get a copy of our big catalogue
No. 86, showing everything used on the farm- It’s
nee. CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

406 Lawrence Sqr. Kalamazoo, Mich.

i

GOO&MEjj

WANTED

/

i

In Every
Locality

%

vmm

To Introduce OSGOOD’S

“New Idea” Steel Pitless Scale

Every farmer admits he needs a scale and is losing money without
one. He has no excuse,
now. Our “Ready to
Weigh” Scale requires no '
pit wall or timber except¬
ing platform plank. With our
full line we can furnish him
anything he wants, on time if de¬
sired, 30 days’ trial. An agent can make $500.00
extra money this year by writing now for our Ex¬
clusive Agency and prices. Show this ad to your
neighbors. Write us about Scale for yourself.

| Osdood Scale Go.. Box 167 . Bln^bamton.rl.T,

EXAMjNjyW^RAME

It controls the life of a Spreader. It must carry a heavy load on
rough and uneven ground and sustain the strain of all working ma¬
chinery. Perfect construction is necessary. The Standard frame has
heavy sills into which the cross sills are held by large tenons, and
joint bolts. Centre truss rods run fromend to end, and;help support
strong centre sills. The]

STANDARD MANURE SPREADER

Is the only spreader having three shafts under frame at rear and
one in front extending entire width. These tie the frame, but their
most important duty is to give a wide bearing for all gears, prevent¬
ing the cramping and breakage that trouble other spreaders. Large
broad face apron rollers securely pinned and screwed to sill, and two apron chains insure a free running a-
pron or bottom. Every part of machine Is designed for unusual strength and simplicity. Strongest wheels,
strongest braced box; strongest beater connections. Non-breakable change of feed mechanism. Simplest
Spreader to operate. One lever starts entire machine. Endgate lifts easily because moves back from
load, then forms a Hood over beater. Insures even spreading. Spreads light and also the heaviest — 5^ to 35
• loads per acre. Rake prevents spreading in bunches. Apron returns automatically. Write for catalog,^

THE STANDARD HARROW CO., Dept. K UTICA, N. Y.

Makers of Harrows, Cultivators, Potato Harvesters, etc.

DoIjOACH

Avoid imitators and infringes and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4H. P. and up. Shingle
L Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
L Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
K DeLoach Mill Mf g. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

AW MILL

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS

Clark’s Reversible Rush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.
DiskPlowcutsafurrowStolOln.deep, ^^s>jl4 in.wlde _

All these machines will kill witoh- —

grass, wild muBtard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send for clr’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Hl'tganum, Conn., U. S. A.

RIIPi/EVE Pivot Axle Disc
DUutiElE Riding Cultivator

The farmer who possesses a Buckeye Pivot Axle Disc Riding Cultivator reaps
many benefits. He has a cultivator that in efficiency, convenience and eco¬
nomy is unsurpassed. With wheel guide, double
tongue, drop hitch, adjustable arch, spring
pressure, beams adjustable to or from
^ row, it makes cultivation sure, easy and
cheap. Especially constructed for
cultivating in pea vines and weedy,
foul ground. It does as good work
on the hillside as on the level, and
it always gives satisfaction. It’s a
cultivator so made that it won’t
wear shaky or lose its rigidity.

Ask to see the complete Buckeye line
of implements at your dealers. Write
for catalogue and full description.

Ho. 50 Buckeye lMse Biding Cultivator. P. P, MAST & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, OtliO-

THE

Tandem Garden

Lou Dillon CULTIVATOR

A Savings Bank on Wheels

THE Greatest Time Saving garden tool ever Invented. Built for more
speed and better work. Teeth changed from 8 to 16-inch row (or to any width
between) in an inst>- nt. No wrench needed. Shallow, Medium or Deep Culti¬
vation obtained by simple movement of the foot. Works soil at an even
depth all down "the row. No hit and miss and keeps going. At least

One-Third Quicker Than Any Other Garden Cultivator on Earth.

Easier to push than a lawn mower. No Gardener can afford
to be without oue of our time savers. Built for the big gar¬
dener and the little gardener. Used for any garden crop.

Last season’s shipments went into every quarter of
the country. Scores of unsolicited testimonials. Ask
for descriptive catalog and order direct or of your
local dealer. Write to-day.

ScliailDlo Mnfg. Oo-

Dopartmont O

SIZES

3 to 13J4 feet

Agents

Wanted.

Rulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL*.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

- The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns and levels

all soils for all purposes.

Made entirely of cast
Kk steel and wrought iron
— indestructible.

Catalog and booklet.
“An Ideal Harrow” by

_ _ _ _ Henry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New Y ork, Chicago, CoInmbas.LoalaviHf. Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc,

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 1 0 W. Washington St., CHICAGO. 240-244 7th Avc. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 3 1 6 W. 8th St..
KANSAS CITY. MO. 210 lOth St., LOUISVILLE, KY. Cor. Water and W. Gay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER.

36o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 29,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER. ,

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established. 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Kditor.

UR. WALTER VAN FLEET,! . ,

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, f Ab&ociaveB.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal I’ostal Union, ?2.04,
equal to 8s. 0(1., or 8 Vi marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any' such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent tc us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

People are responding to the invitation to send the
free seeds back better than we expected. Here is a
sample note from Michigan:

I am returning a package of “free seeds” to-da.v to my
Congressman after the manner shown on page 2<>2. If you
feel so disposed, please send a marked copy for March 25 to
lion. E. L. Hamilton, Washington, I). C.

The Hon. Mr. Hamilton has received the paper duly
marked. We trust he will read the article with care.
Perhaps he is under the impression that his constitu¬
ents are sitting up nights in their eagerness to receive
those seeds. Let him know that when the seeds do
come the chickens usually eat them !

*

• « *• ^

“Goon roads!” The question of improving rural high¬
ways is one of the most important now open for discus¬
sion. In New York the people are to vote on the propo¬
sition to bond the State for $50,000,000 of road money.
In road making there are certain underlying principles
which must be understood by road builders. Knowledge
of those principles should not be confined to a few
engineers or experts. Highway commissioners, over¬
seers, farmers’ sons — in fact, those who are to (ise and
control the roads — should understand them. It -has
been suggested that a Winter course in road making •
should be established at the Cornell Agricultural Col¬
lege. This is a good idea, and the course ought to be
started next Winter. A meeting will be held at the
College, beginning May 16, to discuss the matter. All
road builders who can do so should attend this meeting.
If the State is to spend a large sum of money on roads
the money should be wisely spent. Here is a chance to
help start the thing at the foundation.

*

In New Jersey licenses to sell liquor are granted by
the county ;udge, who is supposed to give hearings
before acting. When a liquor seller applies for a li¬
cense (which, by the way, is usually paid for by some
brewing company'! the temperance people usually circul-
late a petition against granting the license. This is sent
to the judge, and that frequently ends the opposition. It
often happens that the liquor dealer is supported by
a dozen well-known citizens, while no one appears to
back up the temperance petition. Judge Zabriskie very
truly said last week that if five earnest men would
appear in opposition to a license it would have far
greater weight than a petition bearing 500 signatures.
Uublic men know how to size up such things, and they
rarely fail. There is little or no value in the average
petition. Many people sign it to get rid of the matter.
They do not consider their signature as carrying over
five per cent of its weight. The same thing is true
of other matters. Tt is the strong, personal influence
that makes itself felt.

*

The New York Legislature has killed the Sheldon
anti-docking law, which would put a stop to further
senseless mutilation of horses in this State. Laws for¬
bidding the docki g of horses have usually been inopera¬
tive. because it is difficult to prove the offense, but this
bill would make possession of a do._Ked animal punish¬
able. It provided that all docked horses in the State shall
be registered b> their owners within one year from the
passage of the act, and after the expiration of the year

no more docked horses may be registered ; it shall be an
offense to have in possession, regardless of ownership,
an unregistered docked horse. Everyone who really
loves the horse would be gladdened by this law, which
would cause the abolition of a cruel custom which only
leads to deformity. The absurd little whisk-broom tail is
ugly enough on the petted carriage or riding horse, but
we only realize the actual brutality of the custom when
we see some broken-down equine drudge, neglected and
ungroomed, trying to protect himself from a plague of
flies, when rendered helpless by the cruel fashion that
docked him in days of youthful beauty.

*

We find a number of the agricultural papers printing
articles and pictures of the “seedless” apple. The R.
N.-Y. has printed accurate pictures of the apple, but
the papers we refer to pay no attention to this original
work. The cross section of the fruit has been
painted or waxed over to lide the core, and the
deep cavity in the apple appears filled with what
looks like putty. The papers which print such stuff are
certainly brave friends of the farmer! We have been
asked why a paper like (lie Scientific American prints a
long, favorable notice of the apple! That is a ques¬
tion which ought to be referred to the paper in ques¬
tion. It is possible that it, like some other wise men,
confines its scientific studies to laboratory practice, thus
knowing little about practical things. We have reported
several “seedless” apples found by farmers, and others
as wild seedlings — some of them quite as good as the
Spencer fruit. If the Scientific American could get
away from its office desk for a short time it might learn
a few things to its advantage. It might even sit still
and read in old books that “Seedless” apples have been
known and recorded since the first century, and always

regarded as of no practical value.

*

British gardeners are preparing to present a testi¬
monial to Henry Eckford, of Wem, Shropshire, in
recognition of services in the improvement of sweet
peas. Mr. Eckford, who would probably regard Dr.
Osier as a mere boy who will acquire wisdom with
experience, has passed his eightieth year, but he is
still hale and vigorous, and as busy as ever among his
beloved flowers. He has been working with sweet peas
for about 35 years. When he began the best collection
consisted of five varieties only; as a result of careful
hybridizing he has extended the list to lengthy propor¬
tions, a majority of the best varieties now known com¬
ing from his work. It usually takes about six years to
finish a new type of sweet pea. Mr. Eckford has sent
out a number of meritorious culinary peas, and in past
years devoted much attention to the imorovement of
Verbenas. He has never sought to exploit himself in
any way,! conducting a nursery in connection with his
work 'as a- hybridizer, but he holds the affection of all
garden lovers in his own country, and many an Ameri¬
can amateur gardener, as he admires the delicate beauty
of his sweet peas this Summer, may think with grati¬
tude of the bearded patriarch of Wem, whose patient
work first brought their fragrant loveliness to perfec¬
tion.

*

The frauds brought to the notice of the Postoffice
Department each year would fill a very interesting
volume, and give a picture of dishonesty on one side,
and credulity on the other, not very flattering to human
nature. Among the stars of this evil galaxy as given
by a Postoffice Department official in The Outlook was
the offer of seeds from Jonah’s ground, which were
distributed among Bible students for the modest sum
of $1 each. One persevering purchaser who failed
to grow the first seed sent for a second, which she
received with the advice to watch closely, as her failure
with the first was probably due to the fact that, true
to the Bible description it “came up in a night and per¬
ished in a night” thus escaping her observation. Inves¬
tigation proved that the failure to grow was not so
much the result of Biblical origin as of boiling to de¬
stroy germinating power, the seeds being those of
everyday pumpkin. The worst feature of this fraud
was the fact that every dollar spent upon it took just
that much money out of the pocket of a responsible
seedsman, who would fill the dooryard with Summer
beauty for the same amount. Then there was the
Nebraska “professor” who would send the great secret
of attracting and retaining love, “based on scientific
principles,” for the niggardly fee of 25 cents, and who
spoils the effect of his reply, which sounds like a page
from “The Polite Letter Writer” by signing himself
“Yours for suckers.” It is true that his advice does not
seem entirely practical; after telling the inquirer that he
must think constantly, with his whole soul’s intensity, of
the one who holds his affections, he remarks, “in addi¬
tion to that you must not drink,” which suggests a
life-long prospect of unending thirst if the lady does
not relent. Easy-work-at-home and get-rich-quick
frauds are of constant occurrence, strengthening the
conviction that while the law tries to protect the honest
and sincere, it cannot protect the credulous or avaricious
from the effect of their folly. We should also learn to

look with doubt upon the paper that admits such adver¬
tisements to its columns, and support the publisher who
honestly tries to protect readers from “the powers that
prey.”

*

In the discussion of the wire fence question we fre¬
quently receive letters like this:

My experience is that the wire is worth the money that
it costs, and it is not the manufacturer who is to blame,
but the purchasers. The majority are bargain hunters and
demand something cheap, only looking at the first cost; and
the dealers, to keep up and meet the demand, call for some¬
thing cheaper, and the manufacturer, to protect himself,
tries to cheapen and meet the popular demand. If you will
scratch the men who are raising such a howl about cheap
wire you will find the present price too high. It is not
quality but cheapness.

Tiiis man writes from Indiana. He says he is just
taking down some barbed wire that has stood for 20
years, and cost 12J4 cents a pound ! We have heard this
argument before. The answer to it is the statement
that you cannot to-day buy at any fair price wire that
will be guaranteed to last another 20 years. What man¬
ufacturer will guarantee wire fence to last a term of
years or stand a chemist’s test? There are plenty of
people who will pay for such a guarantee. Suppose a
number of people have demanded cheap wire at a low
price. Why should their demand create the only stan¬
dard of wire? What we are working for is the chance
to have some option in the matter. Tell the public how
to know good wire from bad, and they will pay a fair
price for a good article.

*

The great majority of our readers are well fed and
reasonably well dressed. On a farm, with reasonable
judgment, it is usually possible to provide three good
meals a day for the family. Probably very few of us
know what it is to endure hunger, or to face the alter¬
native of starvation or the acceptance of public charity.
These things make it hard for us to realize that there
are 10,000,000 people in this country who live in poverty
— not knowing at some time where the next meal is to
come from. The great majority of such people live in
cities. A large proportion of them are children — who
are to be the men and women of the future. A hard¬
working farmer, with a comfortable home and fair as¬
surance of plain comforts for his fami'y may be indif¬
ferent to this statement. “What is this to me?” he may
say. “If people are in poverty in this prosperous coun-
trv it must be because they are lazy, incompetent or
intemperate — in other words, it is their own fault !” His
statement will very likely be true of many of the adults,
but not of the children, who are the most important
part of this army of the poor. With nearly one in eight
of all the people in this country more or less dependent
on charity for their very bread we may seriously ask
whether this nation is truly prosperous. With one part
of the people wasting money and food, while another
part suffers for the lack of this very waste, the middle
class of plain people must suffer in the end. Let the
man with the comfortable home read the following:

Modern life has no more tragical figure than the gaunt,
hungry laborer wandering about (he crowded centers of in¬
dustry and wealth, begging in vain for permission to share
in that industry, and to contribute to that wealth ; asking
in return, not the comforts and luxuries of civilized life,
hut the rough food and shelter for himself and family,
which would l>e practically secured to him in the rudest
form of savage society.

Let us suppose that all of the 10,009,000 poor could
receive the food and clothing arid fuel that they really
need — and no more. Does any farmer imagine that this
increased demand would not benefit his farm and his
business? Waive the moral argument entirely, if you
will. It remains true that the improvement of this great
army of poverty so that it may buy food and clothing
offers the best industrial opportunity which farmers
have in sight. _

. BREVITIES .

Give the brooder chick a chance.

Go fishing later on — get busy now.

Don’t be In a hurry to plow up the Alfalfa.

Read the potato talk on page 335. Are you gel*g to
spray this year?

Better let off your feelings In reading good poetry than
in writing poor verse.

The deaf man doesn't hear the birds sing — but that
doesn't prove they are not piping up.

Last year Great Britain grew 55,437 acres of Alfalfa,
showing a decline of 7.7 per cent as the result of a bad
season.

Do those who are trying to sell seeds and young plants
of ginseng not know that the Chinese refuse to buy the
cultiv'ated root?

The information that practically every life preserver
used by steamboats ou the Atlantic coast has been con¬
demned by the Government Inspectors is not very reassur¬
ing to those whose business compels daily travel by water.

A new English hybrid orchid which received the Royal
Horticultural Society’s Order of Merit is named Brasso-
cattieya-digbyana Schroderae-tankervllle. It is described as
showing a delicate blush tint, which doubtless results from
hearing its name.

The Massachusetts Legislature is considering a law pro¬
viding that landowners shall cut down or otherwise de¬
stroy all wild carrots growing on their property or on
highways adjoining, under penalty of fine for each day of
neglect. Are weed ordinances usually enforced where they
exist?

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

36 1

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The Armstrong Cork Works, of Pittsburg,
Pa., has received orders for one hundred thousand new life
preservers, and this brings out the information that the
Government has practically condemned every life preserver
on the Atlantic coast. Inspector General Uhler has just fin¬
ished a complete overlooking of the Pittsburg works, where
so many big orders have been placed, and has laid down
strict rules as to what sort of preservers shall be turned out.
Only solid or compressed cork can be used. Captain I. B.
Williams, an inspector, is authority for the statement that
practically every life preserver on the coast has been con¬
demned by Uhler. . . . “The American Mercantile Asso¬

ciation” has closed its offices at Kansas City, Mo., and this
notice has been posted on the door : “Goodby, suckers ;
goodby.” The whereabouts of the officers of the association
are not known. The company’s head office was at St. Joseph,
Mo., and from there a notice has been sent out to sub¬
scribers, announcing the suspension. The subscribers had
agreed to pay $1 a week for eighty weeks, on the promise
that they, were to receive $100 at the end of that period.

. . . The Massachusetts State Board of Fish and Game

Commissioners, in its annual report submitted to the Legis¬
lature April 11, states that the statistics of the lobster fish¬
eries “show conclusively the same decadence of supply that
has characterized the lobster fishery for many years. The
outcome, the commercial extinction of the lobster, is as sure
to result as day is to follow night. In thirteen years there
has been a decrease of more than 66 per cent in the catch of
lobsters per pot.” . . . Three employees and an attorney

for the Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Company of New York
were Indicted at Chicago April 13 by the Federal Grand Jury
which is conducting the beef inquiry. Bench warrants were
issued by Judge Humphrey, and the defendants were taken
Into custody by Deputy United States Marshals. They garo
bonds in the sum of $1,000 each. The sudden departure
from home of two high officials of the sausage casing indus¬
try, a voluminous Secret Service report on a high packing
official now in Canada and the alleged resignations of rail¬
road freight officials during the last few months are now
matters about which interest will center until the Federal
Grand Jury investigating the so-called “Beef Trust” reas¬
sembles. The operations of the Etna Trading Company, the
alleged clearing house of the casing industry for the big
packers, will also be gone thoroughly into by the investi¬
gators. . . . Attorney-General Galen, of Montana, April

18, secured the issuance of a summons directed to the Ar¬
mour Packing Company, Swift & Co., Cudahy & Co., and two
Hammond companies directing them to appear in the District
Court on April 25 to answer an information filed against
them by the Attorney-General of the State of Montana,
charging them with combining for the purpose of unlaw¬
fully fixing the price of meats. . . . United States Sen¬
ator .T. It. Burton, of Kansas, was reindicted by the Federal
Grand Jury at St. Louis April 13 on the charge of agreeing
to accept fees from the Rialto Grain and Securities Com¬
pany, in whose behalf, it is alleged, he acted as an attorney
before the Post Office Department at 'Washington. The in¬
dictment contains five counts, the first three covering the

allegation that he agreed to accept money for the use of his
influence before the Post Office Department, and the others
alleging that he did accept compensation for the service.
While the Government alleges that Burton received five
monthly installments of $500 for his services, only one of
them is made the subject of the indictment. This is ren¬
dered necessary by the decision of the Supreme Court, re¬
versing his former conviction and remanding the case. . . .
A jury at St. Catherine, Ont, April 13, awarded a verdict of
$1,500 against six unions of that city in the suit begun by
the Gurney Foundry Company of Toronto against the unions
for having put the Gurney goods on an unfair list. The
Gurney company asked for $5,000 from each member of the
six unions, $10,000 from the unions collectively and for an
injunction to restrain them from further boycotting the
firm’s goods. In 1002 the company decided to run an open
shop and the unions began to wage warfare against the busi¬
ness of the com-'any throughout the Province. Judge Ang¬
lin decided the point of liability himself, while the jury
assessed the damages. . . . The joint committee of the

two houses of the Texas Legislature to investigate the beef
trust affairs in that State reported April 14, saying in part:
“There exists in this State a combination of persons and
corporations engaged in the business of packing and selling
beef and other like products In contravention of the anti¬
trust law, constituting a trust monopoly in restraint of
trade.” The committee recommends that the bill making an
appropriation of $15,000 to secure evidence to prosecute the
beef trust be passed. The report was adopted. . . .

Mount Shasta, Cal., threatens to become active again. Some
startling occurrences are reported at Sisson's, a town in the
vicinity of the mountain. The ground has opened at several
points, and mud is ejected. The railroad embankment across
a big canon has sunk 40 feet, while the streets of the town
are filling up with a mixture of mud and oil. . . . Con¬

stables are searching in Hazleton, Freeland and other towns
in Pennsylvania for James Rhodda, a member of the miners’
examining board, and two other members whose names are
not made public. They are charged with issuing miners’
certificates illegally. Rhodda has confessed and it is ex¬
pected that the greatest violation of the miners’ certificate
law since it was passed will be unearthed. Officers of the
United Mine Workers declare that over 1,000 of these
certificates have been issued since January 1, and that they
were for sale at saloons for from $1 to $5 each, being pur¬
chased by newly arrived mine workers and by others who
found it impossible to pass the examination or who did not
desire to undergo the two years’ experience necessary to
comply with the law. How much loss of life the issuance
of these fraudulent certificates has caused it is Impossible to
estimate. There were over 100 fatal and 250 other acci¬
dents in the affected district last year and the mine in¬
spectors agree that half the' accidents are due to the incom¬
petence, ignorance and carelessness of the mine workers.

. . . The New York State Senate passed April 17 the

Keenan bill. It prohibits the Long Island Railroad Com¬
pany from charging its patrons for travel and baggage any
greater price than that in force previous to January 1, 1005.

. . . A fraud order was Issued April 13 by the Post Office

Department against the Home Owners’ Corporation, 108
Broadway, New York. The Inspector reported that the Home
Owners’ Corporation is merely a name by the use of which
one J. TWilliger Van Smythe seeks to circumvent fraud or¬
ders heretofore issued against the many titles under which
he has continued fraudulent operations in connection with
the sale of lots situated among the “wild lands” of Long
Island. . . . After a search extending over five years,
Gen. Horace Porter, Ambassador to France, discovered the
body of John Paul Jones, founder of the American Navy,
which was identified April 14. Jones died in Paris on July
18, 1792, after his return from Russia, where he had been
an admiral in the service of the Czar. The destruction of
many church records during the Reign of Terror, in 1793,
made it difficult to discover his final resting place, which was
believed to be in a cemetery in the outskirts of the city.

The remains were found in the Cemetery of St. Louis. As
the body had been sealed in a leaden coffin, in alcohol, it was
in a perfect state of preservation, and was absolutely identi¬
fied. . . . According to Joseph G. Armstrong, coroner of

Allegheny County, Pa., and Adelbert Merle, Austro-Hungarian
Consul General to Pittsburg, Hungarian workmen are being
ruthlessly slaughtered in the blast furnaces, the steel mills
and the coal mines in Pittsburg and vicinity. Concerted ac¬
tion on part of ttie Coroner and the Consul is to be taken
with a view of lessening, if possible, the mortality. Twelve
men killed in one plant alone, owned by the United States
Steel Corporation, has aroused the Coroner, while Consul
M’erle has been driven to action by the reported “disap¬
pearance” of Hungarians whom, lie believes, have been killed
at th furnaces. The matter was brought to a focus by Cor¬
oner Armstrong during the week, when he addressed a jury
sitting on the death of one of the foreigners, who had been
cremated in the plant of the American Steel and Wire Com¬
pany. Coroner Armstrong declares that efforts are made
almost daily by officials of the steel corporations to suppress
information regarding the circumstances of men killed at the
mills. The attention of both State and Federal authorities
is to be called to the subject. . . Frost was reported April

18 from Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia and eastern Ten¬
nessee. The temperatures are much below the seasonal av¬
erage, particularly in the South. There were killing frosts
April 17 throughout the eastern Virginia truck belt, with
more and heavier damages to growing crops than on the
night before. In the salt water districts the frost was re¬
ported lighter than on fresh water streams in the Princess
Anne sections, where strawberries, beans, peas, etc., were
totally cut off. Heavy losses were reported from other lo¬
calities. The weather forecaster reported killing frost at the
following points April 17: Asheville, Charlotte, Greensboro
and Weldon, N. C. ; Columbus and Macon, Ga., and Chatta¬
nooga, Tenn. Unprecedented cold weather for April pre¬
vailed in Saratoga Co., N. Y., for several days with frequent
snow squalls. During nearly all that time the mercury
stood below the freezing point. April 18 the temperature
registered 20 degrees above zero.

BUSINESS BITS.

The Philadelphia Silo lias many features which will com¬
mend It to dairymen, among which are the patent opening
roof and the continuous door. This silo is giving excellent
satisfaction, and is in use by thousands of dairymen. It Is
manufactured by E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market Street, Phil¬
adelphia, Pa., who Issues a catalogue containing valuable
Information for anyone interested in the silo subject. Just
drop a card for it.

The Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co., Waterloo, Iowa, write:
“we have recently developed a new style 3% horse-power
stationary gasoline engine that we are placing on the mar¬
ket at a very attractive price. It would be weil for prospec¬
tive customers to investigate the Waterloo engine before
placing an order.” This company manufactures a variety of
styles in gasoline engines which all interested should learn
about, and should write them for particulars.

The Ilook-IIardie Co., of Hudson, Mich., are issuing a
valuable little booklet on spraying which should be in the
possession of every farmer and fruit grower who takes a
pride in producing a high grade of fruit and desires to In¬
crease the yield of his orchard. The Ilook-IIardie Co. man¬
ufacture every form of spraying device from hand to power
sprayers, with all the necessary accessories. This season
they are manufacturing a large power sprayer which they
claim is a decided improvement on any machine of this kind
ever before placed on the market. Write for their booklet
at once. It costs you nothing, and will aid you in selecting
an outfit suitable for your work. Address the Ilook-IIardie
Co., Hudson, Mich.

At Wholesale Prices

OUR OVEN THERMOMETERS

make
good
baking
easy

Every Gold Coin has

Patent Stelliforui Grate

Handy, easy, saves fuel.

Gold Coin Stoves have boon STANDARD in high grade
trade for nearly fifty years. In every town where they are
not now sold we will sell

Gold Coin Ranges

and Heating Stoves at their wholesale price, sent on your appro¬
val, securely crated, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to
put in your home. No stoves are better made or more highly
endorsed. They, allow no waste of fuel; are handsomely
ornamented and guaranteed to please yon. No stove offer is
made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin

ON TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not
satisfied. This is tho first proposition of this kind ever made by
a MANUFACTURER of a High Grado Trado Mark Stove. Sendfor

FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE No. 3

It tells what a good stove must lie and describes our full line of
Gold Coin Ranges and Heating Stoves. Write for it to-day.

The Gold Coin Stove Co., Troy, N.Y.

(Successors to Bussey & McLeod. Estab. 1860)

GRFFN MOUNTAIN

|) If you are now keeping five cows, buy a Green Mountain

■ Silo and l(ccp ten. it will cost you no more to keep the ten

■ cows with a Green Mountain Silo than five cows without

■die Silo. ...... *

Mfc Green Mountain Silo-fed cows give more milk. That
f means to you more cows, more milk, more money, and twice

as much profit. The Green Mountain is the very best of all
silos. Our New Free Illustrated Catalogue tells all about it.

(Write for it. Special discount to early purchasers. Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory. sjl

f

tNolc: Wc arc manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and SuppGet
[ for Daily and Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.^

UTilPII’Q 20th
nLllUn 9 century

Steel Ball Coupling Pivot Axle

Cultivator KSWS

Planter and Fertilizer
Attach Complete in
One Machine.

Awarded

GOLD MEDAL

at World’s 4' air, St.
Louis. A woiiderful-
litiproveiueiit in culti¬
vators, combining every
Impossible movement of
gangs and wheels re¬
quired. Easily changed
to different sty lee.
Thousands in use. M’f’r’sof all kind of Ag’r’I Im¬
plements. Agents wanted; write for circular.

The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs., York, Pa.

double value

from your manure. Cover two _acre3
to every one by hand, spreading
with better results and do it as
fast as 10 men with forks.

-.MILLER—
Manure Spreader
and Pulverizer

is the only low down spreader, easy to
load. Handles all manure, pulverizes
thoroughly, spreads evenly, thick or
thin, as wanted. Right width to
straddle corn rows. Solid bottom box,
scraped clean every load. Automatic
drag return, safety end-gate, double
drive. Send for catalog M and know
every reason why you should own a
Miller modern spreader.

The NEWARK MACHINECO., Newark, O..

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con-
etructtfcl. Haves
labor, omioy-
»nce and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

TO FIT ALL

WAGONS.

Your address on a postal will brtug you free catalog. _

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

THERE SHOULD BE AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA

IN EVERY HOME

It is more necessary in the farm home than any other work, that farmers
and their families may have at hand a work which will answer
all questions and give information on any subject.

The New International
Encyclopaedia

has been prepared and published by one
of the oldest and best known publishing
houses in the United States.

The Edi tors-in-Chief are: Daniel Coit
Gilman, LL.D., President of Johns Hop¬
kins University (1876-1901), afterwards
President of the Carnegie Institution of
Washington; Harry Thurston Peck, Ph.
D , L.H.D., Professor in Columbia Uni¬
versity, and Frank Moore Colby, M. A.,
late Professor in New York University,
assisted by over three hundred eminent
scholars as assistants.

The Encyclopaedia is new from cover to
cover. Educators, librarians, scientists,
preachers, historians and men of letters
unite in pronouncing it

THE MOST COMPLETE, COMPREHENSIVE AND
ACCURATE ENCYCLOPAEDIA IN ENGLISH

The New International received the Grand Prize
— the highest award— at the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition.

Though only completed in 1904, The New
International has already been purchased by
more than lOO Universities and Colleges, by 44
State Normal Schools, 1 4 State Libraries, and
by more than lOOO Public Schools and Lib¬
raries, who bought it because they required
the best Encyclopaedia extant. Their judg¬
ment is a safe guide for you.

The Publisher of the Rural New Yorkei has
recently purchased this work for use lu his
own home.

There Is no reasonable excuse to he offered
for the purchase of any of the cheap reprints \

or old Encyclopaedias so freely offered to-day *

at bargain prices, at least until you have ^ •A'
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compared it with them for yourself. Cr ^o' 1

In connection with the Encyclopaedia we are issuing a companion volume
containing courses for reading and study in the New International, which dy

will greatly increase the value of the Encyclopaedia to you

We would like to send you an elaborate 80-page bo' k, containing
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the Encyclopaedia, also sample pages and a mass of interesting
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should know before buying.

Fill out the coupon and send it to-day.

•* 4

DODD, MEAD & CO.

A

■$> «.

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Publishers

372 5th Avenue, New York

"0

■v-

362

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 2;1,

Woman and Home |

From Day to Day.

AN APRIL DAY.

All clay the low-hung clouds have dropped
Their garnered fulness down ;

All day that soft, gray mist hath wrapped
II111, valley, grove and town.

There has not been a sound to-day
To break the calm of Nature;

Nor motion, I might almost say,

Of life, or living creature;

Of waving bough, or warbling bird,

Or cattle faintly lowing;

I could have half believed I heard
The leaves and blossoms growing.

I stood to hear — I love it well —

The rain’s continuous sound ;

Small drops, but thick and fast they fell,
Down straight into the ground.

For leafy thickness is not: yet
Earth's naked breast to screen ;

Though every dripping branch is set
With shoots of tender green.

Sure, since I looked at early morn.

Those honeysuckle buds
Have swelled to double growth ; that thorn
Hath put forth larger studs.

That lilac's cleaving cones have burst,

The milk-white flowers revealing;

Even now, upon my senses first
Metliinks their sweets are stealing.

The very earth, the steamy air,

Is all with fragrance rife;

And grace and beauty everywhere
Are flushing into life.

Down, down they come — those fruitful stores.
Those earth-rejoicing drops!

A momentary deluge pours,

Thfm thins, decreases, stops.

And ere the dimples on the stream
Have circled out of sight,

Lo ! from the west: a parting gleam
Breaks forth, of amber light.

But yet behold ! abrupt and loud,

Comes down the glittering rain ;

The farewell of a. passing cloud,

The fringes of her train.

— Mrs. Southey.

. *

When trying out a small quantity of
fat cut in pieces and put in the inner ves¬
sel of a double boiler; this will prevent
burning, requiring less care than when
the fat is melted in the oven. To clarify
a small quantity of cold fat, add boiling
water to it, stir well, and set aside to
cool ; when cold the cake of fat on top
should be removed and scraped free from
adhering sediment on the under side.

only a few birds is allowed by the law
to the used in decorating bats, and thou¬
sands of dollars of forbidden feathers
and bird bodies in St. Louis, Kansas City
and St. Joseph stores will become con¬
traband. Only the feathers of domestic
birds, such as ostriches, chickens and
ducks, may be used, while the wild birds
allowed milliners are con fin •. ‘ to English
sparrows, hawks, horned owls and crows.
The penalty is a fine of $25 for each of¬
fense. It is a little bit humiliating to re¬
flect that any woman above the level of
a Piute squaw needs the restraining in¬
fluence of such a law. Let us cheer up,
however ; a great many women will ab¬
stain this season from decorating them¬
selves with the corpses of our “ little
brothers of the air,” as St. Francis calls
them, because it is no longer fashionable.

*

Some time ago The R. N.-Y. had a
little discussion of carp as a food fish.
Dr. J. B. Smith, New Jersey State Ento¬
mologist, spoke up for the carp, but some
of his unconvinced readers still hold to
the views thus expressed in the New
York Tribune: Three New York trout
fishers who had gone up into Delaware
and Sullivan Counties to whip the
streams were spending the night at a coun¬
try tavern. Nearby was a pond which
had been stocked with carp. Carp are
not considered to be of great food value.
In fact, fishermen say that their flesh
has nothing to recommend it. Several
of the men of the village were lounging
in the office of the taveii., as was their
nightly custom. They were discussing
the State’s reason for stocking the pond
with a worthless fish. One of the New
York fishermen joined in the discussion.

“There’s one way to cook carp and
get an excellent dish,” said he.

There was immediate silence. Some¬
thing of unusual interest was about to be
divulged.

'‘Take a birch slab,” continued the
New Yorker, “and fasten the carp on it.
Dress the fish with salt and pepper, but¬
ter and some herbs. Then put it in the
oven. Let it bake a while. Then baste
it again with the salt, the pepper, the but¬
ter and the herbs. The next time you
open the oven door a most delicious odor
will steam up into your face. Your
mouth will fairly water. The dish is
not ready yet, however. It must remain
in the oven for a few moments longer.
When you remove it. cut the strings and
release the fish. Then — throw the carp
away and eat the slab.”

*

T he recent death of Miss Sarah
Chauncey W olsey, better known by her
pen name of Susan Coolidge, removes a
wholesome and sympathetic writer wdio
has done much to mold youthful minds.
Miss Woolsey, who was daughter of the
late John M. Woolsey, of New Haven.
Conn., died at Newport April 9, aged
09. Much of her poetry was widely re¬
printed. and her juvenile books are stan¬
dards in their line.

*

Stair and floor linens, for covering
carpets, are valuable additions to Sum¬
mer house furnishings. We prefer bare
floors or mattings ourselves, but if car¬
pets are used the linen covering seems
indispensable in Summer. Stair linens
range from 14 to 32 inches wide in eight
widths, price running from 16 to 40 cents
a yard. Floor linens start at 53 inches
wide, 60 cent a yard, and run through
eight widths to 180 inches, $2.50 a yard.
For a serviceable hard-wearing stair cov¬
ering we still give our preference to a
good quality of denim in any color de¬
sired.

A

Ruching of all styles is a prominent
feature of the bargain counter this Spring.
The ruches are still worn enormously,
but manufacturers are turning their -,t-
tention to other things, as they think the
vogue will soon he over. Little ruffles
of real lace are the feature of newest
neckwear, being noticeable on the fine
lingerie waists. The handsomest of these
have a collar carefully fitted and attached
to the waist itself. These collars are
much higher than they were last season,
usually finished by a ruffle of real Valen¬
ciennes lace. The fine waists are either
without any collar at all or with a high
stock.

*

Law and not fashio will dictate the
headgear of the women of Missouri after
Representative Walmsley’s fish and game
bill goes into effect June 16, says the Chi¬
cago Record-Herald. The plumage of

The Unsanitary Cellar.

When reading about the water supply
on page 94 it brings to mind a prominent
and prosperous farmer who carries his
milk morning and night (and has for
many years) several rods, to a milk-room
in the dwelling-house cellar under the
living rooms, a menace to himself and
family. All the overflow' water falls on
the floor (consequently the floor is never
dry), then what can runs into the end of
the sink tile at the end of the trough.
A well is in the cellar to cool the milk,
boards are laid down to travel on to get
about, with ditches for the water to set¬
tle in and run under the floor in part of
the cellar into the sink drain. A swill
tub and set kettle to cook vegetables for
the pigs permit all the odor to go into
the living rooms ; few windows in front
of cellar. The son must continue in the
same way, which I consider brutal treat¬
ment to oneself and others who are com¬
pelled to do it. and then wonders what
makes his back lame, so round-shoul¬
dered, and hands and wrist all out of
shape and lame; and yet he has the best
agricultural papers to read and attends
all the institute meetings. Too bad some
can’t be convinced that some of the mod¬
ern ways are best for himself and others.
With the coming of Spring he should has¬
ten to have a sanitary cellar and escape
so much sickness in his family, building a
convenient milk-room joining the barn
and remembering the convenience of the
house for his wife, not forgetting the
bath-room. M. B.

A f ft **4 j) cured to STAY CURED. No
medicines needed afterwards.
Book 54FFree. Dr. P. Harold Hayes, Buffalo, N. Y

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Tastes Good,
by druggists.

Best Cough Syrup.
Use in time. Sold

CONSUMPTION

When you write advertisers ruentiou The
R. N.-Y. and you'll got a quick reply and
•‘a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Cheap chimney,
dear lamp.
Macbeth.

My Index tells what chimney fits your
lamp. If you use that chimney, you get
perhaps twice as much light, and save a
dollar or two a year of chimney-money,

It tells, besides, how to care for lamps;
even that is imperfectly known.

I send i> Tee; am glad to.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

4 HE HIGHEST AWARD AT
THE ST. LOUIS WORLD'S.PAIR

WAS GIVEN TO

rCOWElto WATERPROOF;

OILED CLOTHINty
SLICKERS. HATS
r j£OM MEL SLICKERS

A J. TOWER CO., ESTABLISHED 1836

• BOSTON • NEW YORK-' CHICACO

TOWER CANADIAN CO.. Limited. TORONTO. CAN

PA-priR

YCMR

LfcVV I*

WAL LS

liKTow is Tito Time I

I to decorate your home : don’t huy wall paper# until you
I see our offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and ingrains at 6 to
] 12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you f*0 p.c. ; we defy eompe- I
Itltlon. Write for our five book ol samples with complete]
IlnstrueMoiis for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Greeu St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Plant Boxes

Zinc coated for raising all kinds
of plants in and transplanting to the
liefd with all the roots and soil. No
set hack, regardless of the weather.

The same boxes can be used for
years. Tomatoes three weeks earlier by New methods.
How we grow ‘.too baskets Tomatoes to the acre, and for¬
ward Lima Beans.Melons.etc.dn very short time, and how
we makotlot lit ransparent for frames.all told inbookthat
is Free to all who write to L. G. TUTTLE, Wallingford, Conn.

100% on Your Money

The satisfaction, ease, com¬
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increased 100% by an invest¬
ment in

WILLIAMS’ IW?

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury. Conn.

t MRS. WINSLOW’S
‘ SOOTHING SYRUP

has been uaed by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind oollc, and Is the best i
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TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

Easy quick cheap
soap=making

The Banner Lye way of making soap does
away with boiling and large kettles. With
your kitchen grease and a 10-cent can of

Banner Lye

you can make 10 pounds of hard soap or
20 gallons of soft soap, and it’s all done
in ten minutes. Better soap than you
can buy — free from rosin and all adulter¬
ants — and nothing could be cheaper.

Banner Lye is without an equal as an
enemy to all forms of

dirt and disease

It cleans a- d disinfects
every part of the home,
and makes kitchen and
dairy utensils sweet and
sanitary.

Banner Lye is rot old
style lye. It is safe, odor¬
less and colorless. Paeke 1
in patent easily opened
packages.

Banner Lye is so’.d by
your grocer or druggist.

Write to us for free book¬
let “ Lees of Banner Lye.’

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

\% HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

l</> f ■ J

CKARCHING investigation ol
this Company (8 record, its
present standing, and its con
servatlve methods will assure
you that ita funds are better
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investment.

We pay you 6 p..c. per annum
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will appreciate the convenience
«»f our “ certificate ” system for
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Write for particulars.

Assets, . 81,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
8100,000

INDUSTRIAL SaVISOS A IjOANCO-
list Broadway, Nkw York.

825 upward, with¬
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days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
Ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Some box makers seem to
look on the farmer as a child
who must be caught by some
jack-in-the-box scheme. Might
as well offer him a “boneless”
hired man, or one who could
stand on his head while milk¬
ing. We appeal directly to his judg¬
ment, and furnish a box that will
stay by himaa long as he keeps the
farm. We want someone on every R. P. D. route to replaee “freak”
boxes and Si 1 1 our stee 1 posts. Address,

BOND STEEL POST CO., Adrian, M|ch.

Rural
Mail Box
Freaks!

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

OWN YOUR OWN TKLKPHONE I.INE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT,

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE, & ELEC. CO
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOB •

> FARMERS9 LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
• 78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O. C

No Money Required

until you receive and approve of your
bicycle. We ship to anyone on

TEN DAYS FREE TRIAL

Finest guaranteed ^ f /| -
1905 Models fo

with Coaster-Brakes & Punctureless Tires.
1008 A 1U04 Models (f 7 * <hf <>

of Best Makes . *P * M eS

500 Second-Hand Wheels

All makes & Mod- C 9
els good as new 1 ° v> O

GREAT FACTORY CLEARING SALE.
RIDER AGENTS WANTED in each town at good
pay. Write at oneeiot catalog and Special Offer.
TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO.f Dept, w -0 CHICAGO

PRICE EXPLAINED

- AT FROM -

$3.00 TO $5.00

Bicycles similar to the
bicycle hereon have been
widely advertised by
- OTHER HOUSES -

HOW BICYCLES CAN BE
OFFERED AT THESE
PRICES and why we can
sell the highest grade new
1905 Model bicycles In

I gents’, ladles’ and children’s sizes, at much lower prices than any other house Is all
explained In our new. big, free Special Bicycle Catalogue. Cut this advertisement out
and send to us and you will receive by return mail, free, postpaid, our new Special
Bicycle Catalogue, fully describing our complete line of new I 906 gents’, ladles' and
children's bicycles, all shown in large, handsome halftone Illustrations; everything
In bicycle sundries and supplies at the lowest prices ever known. Tires, coaster
brakes, saddles, pedals, etc., at less than ONE-HALF THE PRICES usually asked.

WITH THE BIG FREE CATALOGUE

and marvelous proposition. Why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will
be fully explained. Our system of shipping the day we receive your order and our low freight and express rati
will he explained. You will get our free trial offer, safe and prompt delivery guarantee, our binding
antee. OUR LATEST PROPOSITION. Everything will go to you by return mall, free, postpaid.

- — MAKE $100.00 IN 60 DAYS SELLING OUR BICYCLES. -

This can be easily done In any locality by merely devoting part of your spare time. The bicycle offer we wll
send you la really an astonishingly liberal one. Don’t fail to cut this'advertlsement out and send to us, oroni
postal card say, -‘Send me your new bicycle offer,” and get everything that we will send you free by mall,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

Qg guai

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

363

The Rural Patterns.

Many of the new waists are very elab¬
orately draped, No. 4978 being an example
of prevailing styles. The model is made
of nut brown voile with the trimming of
chiffon velvet, chemisette and deep cuffs
of chiffon-covered taffeta with ecru lace
insertion applied to form diamonds, but
all materials that are soft enough to drape
well are appropriate and the chemisette
and cuffs can be of any contrasting ma¬
terial. The waist is made with the fit¬
ted lining, which closes at center front,
and itself consists of fronts, backs, side-

4978 Drapod Basque Waist,
32 to 42 Bust.

backs and under-arm gores, the backs be¬
ing laid over on to the side-backs. The
chemisette is arranged over the lining and
closes invisibly, and the waist is closed
at the left of the front. When liked the
sleeves can be cut off at the elbow length,
as shown in the small view. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size is 4 yards 21, 3 /z yards 27 or 1%
yards 44 inches wide, with lj4 yards of
silk for chemisette and cuffs and 9 yards
of lace insertion and 14 yard of bias vel¬
vet to trim as illustrated. The pattern
4978 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38,
40 and 42-inch bust measure; price 10
cents.

The flounce skirt shown in No. 4954
will be found very desirable for thin wash
materials, as well as for others, and it
will combine very well with the draped
basque waist. The skirt proper is cut in
five gores, which are shirred and ar¬
ranged over a shallow foundation yoke,

4964 Shirred Walking Skirt with Flounce,
22 to 30 waist.

then joined to the belt. The flounce is
straight at its lower edge, turned under
to form a heading, and shirred in suc¬
cessive rows then arranged over the low¬
er edge of the skirt, which serves as a
stay. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 10 yards 21, 9
yards 27 or 5J4 yards 44 inches wide. The
pattern 4954 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24,
26, 28 and 30-inch waist measure ; price
10 cents.

hurry. It is better to let the hot water
do the work, wetting quite a large area
of the wall, then coming back to the start-
ing point and going over it again, until
the paper comes off easily. A putty knife,
with a large square end, is good to use, or
a case knife with a flexible blade. Some
people do not consider it necessary to
take off the old paper before putting on
the new, but if coat after coat is put on
the walls they are eventually made damp
and unhygienic. Besides, if any of the
paper is ever to be removed, it is better
to take it off every time before new is
put on, as it comes off plaster much
more easily than off another layer of
paper. s. b. robbins.

The Bookshelf.

T he Horse, by I. P. Roberts ; 400
pages, 95 illustrations; Macmillan Co.,
New York. In this work Prof. Roberts
has made a notable addition to the Rural
Science Series. The history of the horse ;
breeds and their characteristics ; principles
of breeding; special purpose horses; judg¬
ing horses ; education and care ; shoeing ;
stables and sanitation, are some of the
subjects treated. The appendix gives a
number of tables showing the value of
various foods and concise rules for com¬
pounding rations. This book should be
in every farm library. Price net $1.25;
postage 12 cents additional. Can be sup¬
plied from this office.

Farm Grasses of the United States,
by W. J. Spillman; 248 pages; 54 illustra¬
tions; Orange Judd Co., New York. The
author is a thorough investigator in this
line, at present in charge of the grass and
forage division of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture. There are full descrip¬
tions of all well-known and many less fa¬
miliar grasses, and directions for the han¬
dling of meadows and pastures. Price
$1 from this office.

If your boy hates algebra but loves
birds, snakes and lizards, it will take him
not more than half as long to get his nat¬
ural history lesson as it does to work out
his problems in algebra. That is because
he studies snakes with his mind and his
heart, and studies algebra only with his
mind, which is a little like a bird trying
to fly with one wing — a good deal of flut¬
ter and not much flight. — Dr. Parkhurst.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

iRCHARD PROFIT

HYDRAULIC

01

depends upon working all the
fruit into a salable
cider for instance. It
pure it sells readily at a profit.
Tho best is produced by a
CIDER
PRESS

Made in varying sizes, hand
power. Catalogue free.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC.

38 Cortlandt St., Hew

MACHINERY

CIDE

Best and cheapest,
Scud for catalogue

BOOMER & BOSCHERT
PRESS CO.,

118 Went Water St,
SYKACU3K, N. Y,

DahIimm 100 Square Feet,

Hoofing $2.00

WE PAY FREIGHT EAST of COLORADO

Except Oklahoma, Indian Territory and
Texas. Strictly new, perfect steel sheets,
Gaud 8 feet long. The beatrooflng, siding
or celling you can use; painted two sides.
Flat, (2; corrugated or V crimped, (2. 10 per
square. Writ*1 for free catalogue No. II- 61
on interim! from Sheriffs’ and lirc.-lv.r-* Sales.

CHICAGO HOT HE WRECKING CO.
85th X Iron Sts., Chicaco.

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Has three times the separat¬
ing power of other makes.
Hoes not mix water and milk.

Beats Them All

because it gets more cream,
lloro butter. Greater profits.
Easier to clean and operate. No
■waste. Durable. Ami. rust
throughout. /Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. W rite to-
day. H e want food agent**

KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR COJ

30 KaDexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, N.T.

Pure White Iead

Before you paint this Spring, let
us send you, free of charge, a
copy of our booklet " What Paint
and Why." It tells the truth
about house-paint and shows why
no other paint can compare with
PURE White Lead in service
®r in cheapness. Incidentally, it
shows how to tell the strictly
PURE White Lead from the
many adulterated brands, some of
which are labeled" Pure."

Write our nearest office for the booklet.

It costs nothing and contains information
of value to every house-owner.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston. Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

STl ASso WE"

8

in

farmers

^j^STANO BY

>8TQ0LUnoi^

Hammer

Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nail Claw
Wire Cutter '
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

P One of our agents flays he will mako 81&00noxt yosr. Wcbo-
*"* llcvo he can. This U tho beet seller wo ever eaw Write for
03 Sr--'-' - - Orr... ftxul .1-- t- Aobvtu. Mako money not?

J B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown.O

The Great Agents Supply House.

Promptly relieve Coughs, Hoarse¬
ness, Throat and Lung Troubles.

Sold in boxes only. Avoid imitations.

Fac-SImlle / /7 // on every

Signature e-3 re box.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD BETWEEN NEW
YORK AND BOSTON AND CLEVELAND, FT.
WAYNE AND CHICAGO.

Lowest rates and elegant equipment make this a
favorite route between the above points. Very low
Colonist rates to the Pacific Coast and the far West
until May 15th. Famous dining car service.- Indi¬
vidual Club Meals, 35 cents to $1.00. Also a la Carte.

A. W. ECCLESTONE, D. P. A.,

385 Broadway. New York City.

CORN FIELDS
ARE GOLD FIELDS

to the farmer who under¬
stands how to feed his
crops. Fertilizers for Corn
must contain at least 7

per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our books — they
tell why Potash is as necessary
to plant life as sun and rain;
sent free, if you ask. Write
to-dav.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York.

THE FARMERS

on the FREE
HOMESTEAD LANDS

WESTERN
CANADA

carry tho banner or yields of wheat
and other grains for 1904. This is the
era of $1.00 wheat.

70,000 FARMERS

receive $55,000,000 ns n result of their
Wheat Crop alone, or an averuge of
#800 for each farmer. The returns
from Oats, Barley and other grains, as
well as cattle and horses add consider¬
ably to this. Secure a

FREE HOMESTEAD

at once, or purchase from some reliable
dealer while lands are selling at present
low prices.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Kverbloomlng Dwarf C'riijisoii Humbler,
Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FUEE.

JOS H. BL ACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
8o well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

•Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

i

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

3.r» Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Tenlente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

1.00 PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00;r4.OO™$17:od;

TOD RllfiCICC .ImIU.A. SIIRRFYQ »♦ "

TOP BUGGIES, similar to one illustrated. I " SURREYS at
HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED. I$34.00 to $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at these prices and why we can
sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house is all fully explained in our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogues. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwill receive by return mail. Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything in Buggies, Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys, Phaetons, Carriages,
Light and Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness, Saddles and Sad¬
dlery, all shown in large handsome halftone
illustrations. full descriptions nod all priced at prices
much lower than an v oilier house can possibly mnke.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

I nftllCC you will receive the most aston-
LUUULd ishlng Buggy Offer ever heard of,
anew and astonishing proposition. How others
can ofTer top buggies at 121.00 to 123.00 and why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will be
fully explained. We will explain why we ship so as to make freight charges amount to next to nothing.
We will explain why we are the only makers or dealers in the world that can ship buggies the day we receive
your order. OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER. OUR PAY AFTER RECEIVED TERMS. OUR BINDING GUAR¬
ANTEE ARE ALL EXPLAINED WHEN WE SEND YOU THE FOUR FREE CATALOGUES.

HAVE YOU ANY USE FOR A BUGGY? tou°s! h?fVyou can'nlae A^OP* BUGGY* AT*' AN Y* PRICe!

call your neighbor’s attention to this announcement. Don’t buy any kind of a buggy until after you

cut tills ad. out and send to us and got THE FOUR BIG FREE CATALOGUES. THE MOST LIBERAL
OFFER, The Very Latest Proposition, everything CEADC BflCDIIPif B. PA flUIAl PD II I
explained, all free for the asking. Write Today. dCAltd; flUCDuUIV tt uUsj ufllUAlXU, ILL

Getting Off Wall Paper.

Once in a while there is a room where
the paper can be torn off in great strips,
but usually it “sticketh closer than a
brother.” It is better to wet it, in such
cases, than to attempt to get it off dry,
not only be cause it is easier and quicker,
but it prevents inhaling a great deal of
irritating dust. A large paste or white¬
wash brush is needed, and a pail partly
full of hot water. One wetting is not
sufficient, but the same surface must be
gone over several times, according to the
thickness of the paper, and the way it
sticks. No time is gained by trying to

THAT COUG

JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

364

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

April 29,

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending April 22, 1005 :

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth —

No. 2, red
Corn, No. 2, mixed

Oats, mixed .

ltye .

Barley .

BEANS.

Marrow . 2.50

Medium . 1-75

Pea . 1.50

Red kidney . 2.70

White kidney . —

Black turtle soup . —

Yellow eye . 2.05

FEED.

Wholesale.

Spring bran . —

Flour middlings . —

Red dog . —

Ilominy chop . —

Retail Western New York.

Spring bran . 22.00

Winter bran . 22.00

Middlings . 23.00

Red dog . 26.00

Gluten feed . 28.00

Gluten meal . 30.00

Oil meal . 33.00

SEEDS.

Timothy, 100 lbs . —

Red top, 100 lbs . —

Blue grass, 100 lbs . —

Orchard grass, 100 lbs . —

Awnless brome, 100 lbs . —

Alfalfa, 100 lbs . —

Alsike, 100 lbs . —

Clover, medium red. 100 lbs.. —

Crimson clover, 100 lbs . —

HAY AND STRAW.

Ilay, No. 1 . 75

No. 2 . 65

No. 3 . 50

Clover and clover mixed. . . 60

Straw, long rye. .’ . 80

Short and oat . 50

M’ILK.

New York Exchange price
quart in 26-cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Scarce and two cents higher.

Creamery, extra . 83 @ 33%

Firsts . 32 (5! 32 %

Seconds . 30 @ 31

Thirds . 26 @ 28

State dairy, extra . 31 @ 32

Lower grades . 23 @ 28

Imitation creamery . 24 @ 28

Factory . 10 @ 25

Renovated . 18 @ 27

Packing stock . 17 © 21

@1.09%
@1.09
@ 53
@ 35
@ 75
@ 53

@2.95
(a 2.25
(a 1.75
(a 2.75

@3.10

@3.25

@2.10

@18.00

@20.75

@23.25

@19.75

@23.00
@ 23.00
@26.00
@27.00
(a 29.00
@ 31 .00
@34.00

@ 6.50

<a i4.oo
@12.00
@17.00
@15.00
@18.00
0 1 ^ 7.00
@17.00
@ 8.50

@

@

@

@

@

©

77%

70

60

70

90

65

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy . — @ 1 4%

Small, fine . • — @ 13%

Small, choice . — @ 13%

Small, fair to good . 12 @ 12%

Small, poor . 10% @ 11%

Light skims, choice . 10% @ 10%

Full skims . 4%@ 5%

EGGS.

White, good to choice. . . .
Nearby, mixed .

Duck eggs .

Goose eggs .

DRIED FRUITS

Apnles, evaporated, fancy...

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, com, tb good..

Sun dried .

Chops, 100 lbs .

Cores and skins, 100 lbs. . .

Cherries .

Blackberries .

Huckleberries .

Raspberries .

FRESH FRUITS.
Apples, cold storage, Spitz. . .

Ren Davis .

Greening .

Baldwin .

Spy .

Common storage stock 50
per barrel less.

Cranberries, ch. to fey., bbl.
Strawberries, Florida, qt. . . .

Charleston . 20

North Carolina . 14

20

@

21

—

@

19

—

1

18%

14

@

18

25

@

34

65

@

70

@

7

6

@

0%

4

(a

5

2%

@

4

@1.50

no @1.00
1 3 V> @ 15
1 3 % @

10 ' ~

24

2.00
1.50
1.50
1 .50
2.00
cents

15
@ 11
© 25

4.00

18

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, State & W’n, 180 lbs.1.00

Maine, 165-lb. bag . 1.00

Long Island. 180 lbs . 1.75

Jersey. 180 lbs . 1.00

Bermuda, bbl . 3.00

Florida, new, bbl . 3.00

Southern, 2d crop, bbl . 2.50

Sweet potatoes . 2.50

Asparagus, fey., doz . 3.50

Extra fey., green . 7.00

Poor to fair . 1.50

Brussels sprouts, qt . 10

Beets and carrots, new, 100

bunches . 1.00

Cabbage, red, ton . 20.00

White . 5.00

Celery, dozen . 20

Chicory and escarol. N. O., bbl. 3.00

Horseradish, 100 lbs . 3.00

Kale, bbl . 50

Lettuce, %-bbl. basket . 50

Onions, yellow, bbl . 2.50

Red . 2.25

White, bushel crate . 50

Peppers. Fla., 20-qt. carrier. .. 1.25

Peas, 1-3-bbI. basket . 75

String beans. 1-3-bbl. bkt . 1.50

Spinach, bbl . 40

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1.25

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 50

Tomatoes, Fla., 20-qt. carrier. 1.50

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, dozen . 40

Lettuce, dozen . 25

Rhubarb, lb . 4

Tomatoes, lb . 10

LIVE POULTRY.
Market for fowls good.

Chickens, lb . —

Fowls . —

Old roosters . —

Ducks, pair . 60

Geese, pair . 1.25

Pigeons . —

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, fancy veal . — @10

Fair to good . 7 @ 9%

Lambs, hothouse, head . 4.00 @8.00

Hogs, choice . 7%@ 8%

Roughs . 4 @ 5

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 14 @ 18

Chickens, extra choice . 35 @ 40

Fair to good . 15 @ 20

Fowls . 13% @ 14

Squabs, dozen . 1.50 @2.75

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 5.00 @6.65

Bulls . 3.00 @5.00

Cows . 1.75 @5.40

Calves . 4.00 @7.50

Sheep . 3.00 @5.40

Lambs . 7.75 @8.25

Hogs . — @6.00

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here.

Peppermint . 3.00 @3.50

Wintergreen . 1.85 @2.10

Tansy . 4.00 @4.25

Spearmint . , . 4.75 @5.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit . — @12.00

Dried hlood . — @45.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — © 25.00

Peruvian guano . . . . — @37.00

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2%

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 6%

2% cents per

@3.00
@2.50
@3.00
@2.50
@3.00
to $1.50

@6.00
@ 22
@ 23
@ 18

@1.25

@1.20

@2.00

@1.25

@7.00

@6.25

@4.00
@4.00
@5.00
@7.50
@3.00
@ 20

@4.00
@30.00
@10.00
@ 90

@4.00
@6.00
@ 75

@1.50
@3.50
@3.25
@2.00
@2.00
@1.25
@2.75
@1.00
@1.75
@ 90
@4.00

@1.00
@ 75
@ 8
@ 30

@ 12
@ 15
@ 10
@ 80
@1.62
© 25

MILK AND COW NOTES.

The cows, as a rule, are in good condi¬
tion, owing to the large amount of grain fed
this Winter. Hay is from 812 to $15.
Nearly everyone has enough hay to last
until grass time, but it has been a pretty
close shave for the majority. The price for
grain at the present time is as follows :
Gluten, $26; middlings, $26; bran, $24;
mixed feed, $24 and $25; Ajax feed, $26;
oil meal (old process), $30; cotton seed,
$28 ; cornmeal, $24. The average price of
milk for the next six months is $1.10, which
is the same as last Summer. The Bordens
did not shut out any patrons this Spring,
as they did last year, owing to a rival com-
pan.v offering to take all such milk.

M't. Upton, N. Y. o. B. M.

. Five or six years ago the farmers of east¬
ern Connecticut commenced sending milk to
Boston. Within a year or two past the Bos¬
ton shipment has somewhat decreased, while
the local and creamery demand has increased.
Some who formerly shipped all of their
milk to Boston now send only one-half, it
paying better, all things considered, to work
up the local trade. Quite a number have in¬
creased their stock of cows — some double the
number formerly kept. While the hay crop
last year was rather larger than usual, it
was inferior in quality, and the use of silage
has materially increased. Prices have not
varied, much in the past two years, although
higher than five years ago. Last August the
writer, while visiting the central part of
Vermont, found that some of the small farm¬
ers who formerly got along with half a dozen
cows were now milking a dozen, the creamery
taking the milk at the door. With hired
help at prohibitive prices, the saving of labor
was no small item. H. H. B.

Connecticut.

The cows through this county are looking
well, having come out of the hard Winter in
good condition. The demand for cows is only
moderate, the average price at public sales
being about $40 to $45, or from $30 to $65
apiece. ITay is quite plentiful, selling for
$10 to $14 per ton. Feed is high in price;
the greater part of feed used for cows is
western feed, high in price and poor in qual¬
ity. J'here is quite a demand for milk
throughout the county. The Bordens have
two large plants within a few miles of this
place, and there is a shinping plant at nearly
every cross-roads. The Bordens’ prices are a
little higher than last year; what the Ex¬
change price will be is hard to tell.

New York. M. n.

WANT TO KNOW.

Squirrel Killer Wanted. — I am one of
several land owners on a reclaimed island of
about 3,000 acres. We are overrun with
squirrels, and want to know how to get rid
of them. We have tried poison and shoot¬
ing, but there seem to be as many as ever.
We have spent many dollars for poison, and
have hired experts to shoot them, or rather
have given them five cents a tail for killing
them, and still they multiply. We will give
$1,000 cash to anyone who will rid our
island of the squirrels.

Santa Rosa, Cal. J. i. p.

Express Companies and Egos. — I re¬
ceived the other day a box of eggs from a
fancier. When opened the 200 eggs were
found to be well packed, and should have
come through all right, but evidently the
box had been dropped from car or truck on
end, as 47 of the eggs were simply crushed,
and the express company refuses to pay dam¬
ages, as the box outside was not injured.

j. w. G.

R. N.-Y. — That is a not uncommon experi¬
ence with express companies. In Europe
eggs are safely carried by mail.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SEED POTATOES

Early Michigan and Banner. Pure, sound
sorted stock. Sacks free. Also seed corn 9vv
for grain or ensilage, at farmer prices. Per Bu

HENRY FIELD, Box 36, Shenandoah, Iowa.

Ceed Potatoes— ’’ Early Surprise,” Maine's earliest
Potato; marketed in six weeks, $1.10 large; 90c.
smaller per bush. M. A. Fogg, Route 2, Skowhegan.Me

HI [II [A C H 1 1 from a vigorous growing field of
HLlMLlH OUIL Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per
hundred pounds; 10 per cent discount on 500 pounds
or over. R. I). BUTTON, Canastota, New York.

RUBEROID

' ‘ - ’iT£*£l>

OOFING

TRAPl MARK ReOUTlRg o

STANDARD

FOR 14 YEARS

The only prepared roofing which outlasts metal
or shingles. Costs much less to buy and apply
than either. Sold ready for application by any
handy man. No experience required. Nails, tin
caps and lap-cement shipped with every rod. No
tarring or graveling necessary.

Ruberoid Roofing is positively weather-proof and
fire-resisting. Contains no tar or paper. Will not
melt, rot or tear. Practically indestructible.

An excellent roofing and siding for barns, poultry
houses, etc. You ought to have a roll of it, contain¬
ing 216 square feet, constantly on hand for repair
work.

Accept none which does not bear the regis¬
tered trade mark “KUBEROID” on the
undersid**, every four feet. We are the
sole manufacturers. Send for sam¬
ples and Booklet K.

THE STANDARD PAINT CO.

100 William St., N.Y.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &
MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

A GOOD THING

^FROST,,

[BEST.

(cheapest

is always cheap at a fair price, while a poor article is
dear at any price. We make and sell a fence that will
last a life time. New catalogue of new system.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO„ Cleveland, Ohio.

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple In construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Bales all kinds of
hay and straw. Send for catalogue.

Harder Mig. Co., Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

CRE OF CORN

i "Corn Is King." Its wonderful possibilities practical-
I ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work;

} “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.”

• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con-

Istruction and the process of filling, to which is added
complete and reliable information regarding Silage and

I its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations,
being a Feeders’ and Dairymens’ Guide.

i I— Advantages of the Silo. IV— How to Make Silage.

I II— Building the Silo. V— Feeding Silage.

J III— Silage Crops. VI— A Feeder’s Guldt.

I 212 pages of plain, practical Information for
• practical men. Contains just the things
I you have wanted to know and could not fintielBe-
I where. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10
cent 8, stamps or coin.

THE SILVER MFC. CO.,

Salem, Ohio.

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash, A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

5'af»rws, SI00

WEST EGG HARBOR, N J
$5 DOWN $5 MONTHLY

RICH, LOAMY SOIL, free from rocks and
stones; especially adapted for truck, vegetables,
fancy -priced strawberries and other early fruits,
poultry and squab-raising. Almost perfect cli¬
mate— no severe heat nor cold. Plowing generally
begins in February. Level country— high, dry,
healthy. No swamps, no malaria. Pure water,
pine air, ocean breezes.

LOCATED on two railroads— main lines of the
Pennsylvania and Reading, between Philadelphia
and Atlantic City. Only 17 miles from Atlantic
City — the greatest seashore resort in the world,
and a high-priced market all year round. Other
good markets near by. Within gunshot of Egg
Harbor City, with good seliools, churches, stores,
bank, newspapers.

TITLE INSURED and guaranteed free and
clear. Immediate possession. If you wish, we’ll
build you a house and take payment monthly,
like rent.

FIVE ACRES, $100— and thousands of men in
this part of South Jersey make handsome in¬
comes from these five-acre plots. Garden plots,
containing one acre, $35. And the terms are very
easy— only $5 down and $5 monthly.

AS A ftEAL ESTATE INVESTMENT this is
unequaled. Buy the land, even if yon don’t want
to live on it, and hold it for the rapid increase
in value which has already begun.

MAP AND BOOKLET sent free. Write to-day
DOBBS & FRAZIER,

630 Bailey Building, Phila., Fenna.

LAMBS, CALVES.

We have a large trade in Dressed Lambs, Calves,
Hothouse Products, Fancy Eggs, Fruits and Vege¬
tables. Top prices secured for choice products. Write
us what you nave for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., lOO Mlurray St., N.Y.
GMO. P. HAMMOND. KST. 1876. TRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds ok‘
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Bpeoialty. Consignments solicited.
34 A 86 Little 12th St.. New York.

Oldest Commission 2^5u2£ciE2

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits
K. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York

VIRGINIA FARMS

COST $10
Income $30

ache

per Aero

Virginia Land 1. doing this for Its farmer, every year, and
we provo It to you by Binned statements. Long Summers,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eastern
markets at lowest rates Best church, school and social advan
tages. For list offarms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to V. H. LABAUMK, Agr. and Iud. Agt.
Norfolk and Western By., Bo* 17 Koauoke, Vs.

90 Acre Farm, % mile from town school, church,
shipping, water, ’phone, etc., rural delivery at door,
ten acres devoted to dairy, five acres ,in dewberries,
ten acres in strawberries, orchard of choice fruit
trees, apple and peach. Soil in high state of culti¬
vation; 20 acres in fine timber and wood, worth one-
third of farm. Comfortable dwelling, large barn,
lovely shade trees and flowers. Finest climate in the
world, no exception. Fine drinking water at door.
We get better prices for our produce than Delaware,
for we ship one week ahead of them. Price of farm,
$2,500. 32-page book on Maryland free. Address,

Dr. J. L. Woodcock, 406 Camden Ave., Salisbury. Md.

MONEY-MAKING farm, 110 acres, overlooking
nearby land; 2 Hs miles from R. R. village; neat 7-
room house, furnace heated; good barn. To settle
estate quickly will include three cows, a horse and
all farming tools and machinery for only $1,500: no
mortgage. Full details and “Strout’s Spring List,”
(Illustrated), describing 200 other farm bargains with
reliable information of soils, crops, markets, climate,
etc., mailed free. E. A, STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150
Nassau St., N. Y. City, or Tremont ’Temple, Boston.

New Mexico Ranching-Healthy Country

Young Englishman, 17 years active experience sheep¬
raising in Australia, but without capital, can 'pur¬
chase fine ranch where he is now, $25,000. Profits 12

MAPS, Reports. Descriptive Lists, Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Boaud of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

50 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

For rich farming and fruit growing.
Write J. D. 8. HAN86N, Hart, Mich.

FARMS _

ATTENTION St

favor us with your orders. Mall orders a Specialty.
1. HEKZ, Genl. Mgr. , 99Moutgoiuery St., Jersey City, N. J.

Ill r n i v $07 A WCCIT And exPenses to men
fit f AT pUI A WCtlV with rigs to introduce
Poultry Compound. InternatlonalMfg.Co., Parsons, Kan.

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
cation. Robt. C. Reeves Co., 187 Water St., N.Y. City

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON. The Printer, R. 8. Oswego. N. Y.

WANTED— A Hollander as Herdsman on a Dairy
Farm. Single man and best of references re¬
quired. Address H. O. Remsen, Supt., Homestead
Dairy Farm, Coleman’s Station, Dutchess Co., N. Y.

Made by 30-year old company
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

365

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

I have had a little experience with a Phil¬
adelphia real estate agent whose methods
seem to be similar to those to which you and
your contributors refer, and my experience
has been exactly like theirs. I paid my ad¬
vertising fee and saw one or two one-line
advertisements in six-point, type crowded in
with others of the same sort. I think you
are doing just right in refusing his advertise¬
ments and showing up his methods. J. o. t.

West Virginia.

The above is a mild sample of letters
that we receive daily. We will have
more on this subject later. In the mean¬
time, we are anxious to hear from some
one who has made a sale of farm or city
property through this agency.

Here is a letter on quite another sub-
j ect :

“The Business lien” arrived all O. K. in
fine condition, and many thanks to you.

Sherman, N. Y. M. E. G.

We have these “Business Hen” books
wrapped up ready to put your name and
address on the wrapper and drop into
the mail. The postage stamp is even put
on, so as to save time in getting them out
after your renewal is received. The pile
was a big one at first. It is now grow¬
ing smaller. Many have gone out.
There must be one or more in every pos¬
sible section of the country that one could
mention. We will have paid over two
thousand dollars in postage alone when
the last one is sent out.

Have you got yours yet? If not it is
here waiting for you. You need it now
every day. When you get it just mention
it to your neighbor. He may want you 10
send a dollar to get one for him. Every
mail brings such orders. Of course, you
know the dollar is for the paper for a
year. The book costs you or him noth¬
ing. It represents what we are able to
give you extra from last year’s earnings.

From over 300 letters with renewals
received this morning and bearing kind¬
ly words of cheer and friendship, we re¬
peat just this one. We have come to
look for these letters in the morning of¬
fice mail with as much pleasure and en¬
thusiasm as we feel in the receipt of
letters from distant relatives and personal
friends. We prize the sentiments they
express far more than any material
wealth that we could ever dream of :

I enclose one dollar for renewal of my fam¬
ily favorite, The R. N.-Y. We cannot get
along without it. I have tried many garden
papers, but The R. N.-Y. Is far ahead of them
all. It is clean, newsy and always on time.
My family and myself hope you will double
up on your subscribers, as your paper de¬
serves success. Every item of your bright
little paper is read, including all the adver¬
tisements, and then we store it away for
future reference. We thank you very much
for sending us “The Business lien.” We will
try to get you some new subscribers. Wish¬
ing you every success. John miles.

New Jersey. _

WINTER HOUSING FOR HENS.

Do successful poultrymen let the_ hens
out when there is snow on the ground, or
are they housed up all Winter? Are ducks
better off to be kept under shelter?

I find best results from keeping my
poultry housed while snow is on the
ground. failing poultry farm.

New York.

On pleasant days in Winter, when there
is no snow, our flocks are usually out of
doors, but we do not try to get Winter
eggs. Snow is detrimental to the egg
yield. In regard to ducks at all times
our ducks are free to go out or in as they
please. We have fairly warm buildings
for them and you will always find them
inside on a cold day. j. P. allyn.

Wisconsin.

My fowls are all R. C. B. Leghorn and
at night during Winter, they are housed
in an old henhouse about 200 feet from
the barn. Every day during Winter they
are driven from house to barn, and return
every night and morning during day
time. I keep them busy scratching in fit¬
ter about one foot deep of straw (whole),
cut clover hay and cornstalks ; feed mash
once a day, no special time of feeding it,
keep them free fr^m vermin with a lice
machine, and have fresh water from the

well and grit before them all the time.
I would advise keeping them off the snow
if possible. I always get plenty of eggs
every Winter. wm. h. robertson.'

New York.

As to hens, we have not found that it
hurt them to be allowed to run out for a
short time each day except in the sever¬
est weather. Cold and snow do not seem
to injure our White Cochins — in fact,
they will lay all the better if they have
plenty of fresh air. It is very important
to keep dampness and frost out of the
poultry house in Winter. In a tightly
built house, there is more danger from
dampness than from too low temperature.

Michigan. h. k. latourette.

I believe it does not hurt poultry to
be out if the weather is not too cold, for
hens need all the exercise possible. If
possible, a henhouse should be so built
that there can be a shed built on with the
south side closed with woven wire for
scratching purposes ; there should be no
floor in this shed, and on the ground
there should be fine straw and hay, to
broadcast fine seeds in, so the hens will
keep busy scratching. This I have al¬
ways found to give the best result, for
Winter egg profit. Give hens plenty of
corn and never overfeed, as to keep them
too fat is worse than not to feed enough
I do not know much about the culture
of ducks, but still if hens need exercise
I don’t see why it would be necessary to
keep ducks under shelter except by night.

Wisconsin. g. vv. kastberg.

Herefords “ Dorsets“

A PROMPT BUYER WILL GET A BARGAIN.

I)R. ARMSTRONG, Lantz Mills, Va.

ft 1 A SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
II I Ij Boars. Best strains bred from
^ 1 * 1 w m Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

Booking orders now for S. C. White and Brown Leg¬
horns. Black Minorcas. White Wyandottes, White
and Barred Plymouth Rocks. $1.50 per 15. White
Plume Strain. No one has better stock.

LOCUST FARMS, Eatontown, N. J.

rfJIJQ Single Comb Whito Leghorn Eggs. Healthy
bUUO selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15; $4
per 100. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

RUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Clr. free. JOHN A. ltOTH, Quakertown, Pa.

Cox’s Barred Rocks SJ.’E.V.Sd ttl:

Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed.
Eggs $1 per 15. <1. W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

Hholce Stock for Sale.— Hocks, W yandottes, Leghorns.
U Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 60c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

S, C. While Leghorns

30; $5 per 100. J. R. WINN, Smith’s Basin, N. Y.

EGGS for hatching, from Rose Comb Buff Leghorns.
Rose Comb Brown Leghorns and Silver Pencilled
Wyandottes. A. S. BEEKMAN. South Branch, N.J.

White Plymouth Rocks ^!ttyin£n&

$1 pei 15, $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Yan, N. Y

DDCn rnn CftftC —Our Barred Rocks lay 256 to
DnCU run CUUOl 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding, Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrisonville, Ill

FOR SALK Fifteen Eggs $1, from my celebrated
S. C. B. Leghorns, noted for their great laying quali¬
ties. If you don’t think the Brown Leghorns are the
best layers read the Business Hen. Address,

ARTHUR GATCHELL, Alton, Wayne Co,. N. Y.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

WatOF nineo for preserving; eggs. Endorsed
TlQlGI U 1 a OO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

PLLSWORTH’S Choice White Wyandottes, 15
EL eggs $2. Henry W. Ellsworth, Portland, Conn.

Uf HITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY-
II HAWKINS AND DUSTIN STRAINS. Eggs $1
for fifteen. E. L. KING, Minerva, Ohio.

C P IAI 1 PR 14 PIRN Q Eggs for Hatching.
Oi lit la i LLUnUnllO $1.50 per 15; $6 per 100.
FRED KEYERLEBER, Box 71, Euclid, Ohio.

Rose Comb W. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Eggs $1 for 15; $3
for60; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

Save time use

Pratts Vet. Healing Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Far, Near

and

\ >

\Every where

Progressive
Dairymen
are Using

\

SEPARATORS

for they have proven the U. S. the surest and simplest money maker for the
farm. Its simple bowl, Operated by strong gearing entirely enclosed in a sub¬
stantial frame, is easy to turn and gets all the cream— holds world’s record for
clean skimming. Notice the low supply can.

There are other advantages in using a U. S. aside from its wonderfully clean
skimming, that are told in our handsome booklet, “The Dairy.” Send for it
immediately; it’s free.

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Croise, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kansas City, Mo.,
Salt Lake City, Utah. San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and Sher¬
brooke, Que., 'Hamilton, Ont.

397 ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS. VT^

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page Illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in toese yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverolle?” They are free.

J. H. STMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

IS? ORMIAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. H U Sind
Send for free catalogue. | for

SANTA MFG. CO.. LIGOHIER. INDIANA. FritCalalog

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthie?
chic ks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely self regulating. Price $6.50
and up. Send for 212 page (8x11 inches) catalogue
and poultry guide. Free, if you Bend us names of
two friends Interested In good poultry. Write to
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

| STRICTLY
OMATIC
•THROUGHOUT

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas City or Han Francisco.

$ | o-8° For

I Z 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
aotion. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

QEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III

«HP tfunu We give you this know-
wiC Ml U ft ledge in Gleanings in Bee
■■ ■■ Culture, a semi-monthly pa-
KJ L L per edited by bee-men of
wide experience. Learn
this fascinating business.
Copy free. Six months’ trial twenty-five,
cents. Subscribe now and begin to learn.

A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

SQUABS

Bailer, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers tor poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
. . Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
v CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

SQUABS

are money-makers.
Ready for market when
four weeks old. Breed-
?rs produce from 8 to 10 pairs every year.
Each pair can he sold from 50 to 80 cents.
Dur Homers produce the finest squabs in
She country. They require little atten¬
tion. Send for information and prices.
HOflER SQUAB COMPANY,

Dept. M. Lindenhurst, Long Island, N Y.

ooooooooo

P 0 U LT R y*?3 fhej

(POULTRY LIN E-Fencing, Feed, Incu-S
(bators. Livestock, Brooders— anything— 3
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you 3
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the j
[asking — it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City.

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG ^

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORN S

200 April hatched ducks, $150 to $2.50 each. Duck
egg orders booked. $1 15 for 11; $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for incu¬
bating $1 for 13; $6 per hundred. Largest plant
vicinity of New YoikCity.8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut
of same in Cyphers catalogue. Agent Cyphers in¬
cubators, brooders, etc.

BONNIE BKAE, New Koclielle, N. Y.

P

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING, PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F.D.,No.l Lancaster, Pa.

Mammoth Pekin Ducks’ Egg

$1 for 11; $7 per hundred. Also S. C. White Le

;i tor 11; per nunureu. iviso o. kj. n iuw ucg-
lorns, Aneonas, S.C. Black Minorca, $1 for 15; $5 per
100. GEO. W. DeRIDDER, Ballston Spa, N. Y.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY

Eggs for hatching from good stock, $1 per 13, $5 per
100. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New York.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices.

-iegno

Whi

1U y

ite & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

90

var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BKUGEY.Box 8,Telford.Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS-, R. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORNS SATISFY

Greatest Err Producers; used exclusively on
all large egg-farms. Stock and Eggs at Farmers’
Prices. K. H. PUSKY, Princess Anne, Md.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Errs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks 812.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

S. C. W. LEGHORNS

Van Dresser Strain: Barred Rocks Ringlet Strain,
$1 for 15. F. H. COOKING-HAM, Cherry Creek. N.Y.

Cornish Indian Games Both Prizewinners

and White Wyandottes for 15. Catalogue’

W. C. VALENTINE, Huntington. R. F. D..New York.

Valley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze ami Wild
Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

LIGHT BRAHMA

C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston Four Corners, N. Y.

EGGS

85 for 12 ; 810 f*.r 36, from Exhibition Matings.
82 for 13 ; 88 for 100 from Laying Matings.
Guaranteed to hatch. Descriptive Catalog Free.

ELM POULTRY YARDS

Box Y. HARTFORD, CONN.

F0RY0UR

ROOFS

IT'S THE ROOF THAT LASTS.

Don’t take an imitation, but insist upon having the genuine PAROID
— the roof with quality and durability in it. Contains no tar. Slate
color. Each roll contains a complete roofing kit. Send to-day for
FREE SAMPLE and book on “Building Economy.” It will save you
money on every building on the place. Established 1817.

F. W. BIRD & SON East Walpole, Mass, or Monadnock Bldg., Chicago.

PAROID

ROOFING

366

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 29,

Live Stock and Dairy

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.
Ration for Milch Cows.

I am engaged in a small way, as a side
issue, in dairying, and have always kept to
graded Jersey stock.’ I have always been in
the habit of drying up the cows 30 days
before calving, as the calf goes to the
butcher, and it is only the milch cow I re¬
quire. Is this a good plan? What is the
best way? Having only two acres, most
of which is devoted to fruit and garden, I
buy most of my food. M’ilk is worth 8%
cents a quart and butter 35 cents a pound
in Winter, and 25 cents in Summer. With
clover hay at $15 a ton, bran $24, shorts
$25, cocoanut oil cake $28, and what is
called dairy chop at $10 (this last made up
of corn and different grains, after getting the
finer products out) ; what is the best bal¬
anced ration at those prices? I am re¬
seeding one acre and intend putting in
Orchard grass and Red clover with a small
lot of Red-top. Is this a good mixture for
hay and aftermath? The soil is fairly rich,
gravelly, climate moist, like Great Britain.

Vancouver, B. C. dairyman.

Cows should go dry at least six weeks,
and if heavy milkers I think two months
better. This gives them time to rest a
bit and get in good condition to do hard
work. They will make up a better udder,
and I think do much better throughout
the season than when allowed to go dry
a less time. When one is short of milk
he is tempted to milk them longer than
is desirable, but it doesn’t pay. Of the
feeds mentioned from which to make up
a ration clover hay is the cheapest, al¬
though the chop, if it is as good as the
oat feeds sold in this section, is nearly on
the same basis.

Pro-

Oarbo-

teiu.

hydrates.

Fat.

20 lhs.

clover

hay. .

. 1 .36

7.V6

.24

3 lbs.

dairy

cliop. . .

.19

1.75

.07

3 lbs.

when 1

shorts

. .43

1.44

.15

3 lhs.

cocoanut cake .47

1.15

.32

Total

12.50

.68

This

is a well-ba

lanced

ration, al’li

OUgll

there is more grain than we like to feed,
but none of the fe°ds you have is very
high in digestible protein, so that more is
necessary to make up a good ration. Milk
at eight cents a quart ought to be a pro¬
fitable business with feeds at the prices
given and is better than butter at 35 cents
per pound. Your Orchard grass and Red
clover ought to make a good mixture, as
both will mature about the same time.
Do not let them get too ripe before cut¬
ting as neither is as good for dairy pur¬
poses when over ripe.

An Ailing Cow.

Can you let me know what to do for
a cow which had a calf three weeks ago?
She had some trouble cleaning herself, and
ever since she gave a good mess of mi'k.
but the milk has no cream whatever. She
is a Jersey, purebred, and she always made
two pounds of butter a day. She had good
feed and (lie best of care. She had good
appetite, and ate all that was given her.

Palmyra, N. Y. J. k.

By the time you get this the cow ought
to be all straightened around. The trou¬
ble probably was in her not cleaning
properly, and this slowly decaying and
passing off is enough to s:cken any co>v.
A neighbor lost a good cow this week
from blood poisoning caused by same
trouble. When the afterbirth does not
come away within 12 hours after calving
it should be taken away by a veterinarian
or some one who understands how. Best
way is to employ a veterinarian once ai d
learn from him how to do it properly, as
we have known of ignorant persons try¬
ing to do this work who killed the cow.
If the cow is in proper condition nature
ought to perform this work. Cows too
fat, or allowed to drink all the cold water
they want, or who are neglected and calve
outdoors in storm or in wet damp stable
often have this trouble. Give a quart of
linseed meal daily for a few days before
calving and a clean dry place that they
have been in a day or two, to get a little
accustomed to their location, and do not
take calf away from them until after¬
birth has passed away.

Malformed Heifer.

We have a fine-looking two-year-old heifer
coming in in August, which has seven well-
developed teats, four in a row on one side
and three on the other side of the udder.
Will it lie best to keep her until she comes
in. or sell her for beef soon?

Erie, Pa. t. m. r.

It would have been a good deal better
to examine this heifer when she was a
calf to see if she had four well-formed
teats. I must confess I don’t understand
why this is not always done, but know
that frequently it is not. I should let the

heifer come in, and if she did not give
sufficient milk and was not a good milker
it will not be a hard matter then to dry
her off and let her go for beef.

White Wyandottes. — For the purpose of
testing the relative value of pullets and
yearling hens for Winter laying, I submit (he
following record : 25 April pullets laid in

December, 1904. and January, 1905, 785

eggs: 11 yearling hens (about 20 months old)
laid in same period 88 eggs. The same pul¬
lets laid. February 1 to April 3, 1905, (02
days), 705 eggs; same liens, during same
period. 273 eggs. It will thus be seen that
the pullets laid more in the first period of
62 days, when eggs were selling at 40 to
45 cents a dozen, than in (he second, with
eggs at IS to 20 cents, while the hens in¬
creased their output more than 200 per cent
during the second period. The record for the
previous year was even more favorable for
pullets for December and January, being 33.4
per cent against 31.4 per cent, average, while
for hens it was poorer, being 6.2 per cent,
against 8.5 per cent, average.

Connecticut. h. h. boardman.

IT PAYS TO KNOW

just what to do when your
horse goes lame from Sprains,
Ringbone, Splints, Curbs, or

other forma of lameness. Re¬
member this and have the old
reliable remedy on hand.

KENDALL’S
SPAVIN CURE

NEVER FAILS.

Wingina, Va., March 7, '04.
DR. B. J. KKNDALU CO.,

Gentlemen:— I always keep your Kendall's Spavin Cure
and Blister on hand and they never fail in what you say
they will do. 1 have cured a very bad case of Ringbone
of long standing and must say I feel very thankful for your
remedy. I recommend it to all. Resp'y yours,

Nick Ragland.

Price SI; 6 lor *5. Ask your druggist for Ken¬
dall's Spavin Cure, also "A Treatise on the Horse,"

the book free, or address

OR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

—

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE
I SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion in Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to makeyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle SpeclnlUt
431 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wls.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co.

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3 .00 Packagecuresrttfy
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

,461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

NEWTON'S Heave, Cough, DU-
temper and Indigestion Core,

▲ veterinary specific for wind,
and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co..
Toledo, Ohio.

Dana’s JiSlfs. EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Samplefree. Agsnt« Wnntrd.

V. II. DANA, 74 Mills St., Went Lebanon, N.H.

/c

WILL R-
SEND

X*

BLATCHFORD’S

CALF MEAL

WILL RAISE YOUR CALVES WITHOUT MILK
FOR SAMPLE, PRICES AND TESTIMONIALS

.BLATCHFORDS CALF MEAL FACTORY ^
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

l\

,t milk

NIALS A

DRY

COOPER

SHEEP PIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD ®*r «o

years. Used on 250 millions annually. If local
druggist ennnot supply, send 91.75 for92 (100 gal.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 72 Beaver St., N. Y

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES J5TSS;

hog Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

CHESTER

_ WHITES

Both 0. I. C. and Todd strains.
Standard bred pigs for sale.
Honest dealing my motto. M L.
bowersox, R.3 ; Bradford, Dk. Co,0

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and- Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Many valuable horses saved.

Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Pliila. Over 30 years old.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, hut our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Bon of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
bom Feb. 22.1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

I#' Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FA KM. White Plains, N. Y.

SPOTSWOOD” IMPORTATION

rkkInJ . . With' Increase .. .

WE ARE BREEDERS OF

REGISTERED JACKS,
SADDLE HORSES,

_ AND _

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City , Kentucky.

ONE GREAT MERIT OF

^Jersey Red Sows

Is their ability to produce LARGE LITTERS
Of pigs and RAISE them. Catalogue free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

<3. 1. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow1. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsaiia, N. Y.

DCfS n I P nine Spring farrowed,

ItCUi U. la Ua a lUw fine stock. No
better. C. G. BOWER, Ludlowville, New- 5 ork.

II ft Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
a la Ui all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for

rices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y.

0| A Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-
B la Ua able. Van Doren Bros., Ly sander, N.Y.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Springbank ^Igg Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fa1’, litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. fi. Watson, Prop., Marhledale, Ct.

r- A n CAI ET male and fe-

PUI\ UALC MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

(Oho of the many testimonials received at Star Farm.)

Bridgeport, Conn., March 27, 1905.

Mr. Bronson,

Dm r Sir, — The calves that I bought from you
through mail arrived in Bridgeport j>y express all
right. They were well crated and came through in
good shape, and are the finest calves I ever saw. 1 am
more than pleased with them. All of my neighbors
say the same. I am thankful for the choice selection
you sent me. Sincerely yours. E. B. Sherwood.

Circulars and prices sent on application.

Horace I . Bronson, Dept. I)., Cortland N.Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLST EIN-FK I ESI A N S
are bred for largo Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these arc the kind you want write or come to see
them. 145 to select from. Animals of both sexes
aLd all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bell Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU. Neshanic, N. J

Registered HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN BDLIS
For Sale at Fanners’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old; large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. 15. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
It. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein- Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korudyke Manor
DeKol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.

JOHN B. MARCOU.

> -

HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. Scotch Collies, Spayed
Females. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa

FOR SALE

— Purebred Holstein Friesian Bull

. _ _ Calves from reglste'ed and record

stock. Prices moderate; write promptly.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A
few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD. Peterboio, N Y'

You Can Buy

A rich four months JERSEY BULLand a pair of live
mouths BERKSHIRE SOWS from my bargain coun¬
ter. W F. McSPARRAN, Fur..lss, Pa

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
K. F. SHANNON, 905 l iberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

Hogistoroci J ersoys

9 Heifers. 3 to 14 mos. 6 Bulls 2 to 8 mo«. old. St.
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.’’

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa.

Duroc-Jerseys

B. P. Rock Eggs.

Boars ready for service. Sows for
Spring Farrow Pigs at weaning.
L. R. KUNliY, Adrian. Mich.

POLLED DURHAM FOR SALE— Young Bulls,
(I to 12 months. Also yearling heifer Reds and Roans,
Dams good milkers. Price $£0 up and registered free.
Address JAS. A. KICK, Hibbetts, Ohio.

WHITE SPRINGS PARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTAN i
No. 0340 and »LUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of but'er

in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 4 76.2 lbs. of but -
terln one year. Azalia of Florbam. 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lueretia 3d, 508 -I lbs. of butter in one

year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair ior 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address

ALFRED <4. LEW 1 8. Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Ritual New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice t*o year old heifers for sale at
from SHOO to $300, also several mature bulls.

Reg. Dorset and Tunis Rams to close out $8. Hol¬
stein Calves, $15. Bonnie Brook Farm, Buffalo. N. Y.

FOR SALE — 25 Scotch Collies, Cheap.
J . H VANDEN BOSCH, Jr., R. D. 7, Auburn. N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

If you aregoing TTT^^iT Ml. "TT^T BULL' and will write us

tobuya J J JL J * 1^J.\I just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. __ _ Lacona, Osvrego Co„ N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

367

BUYING HEIFER CALVES FROM
DAIRYMEN.

How Many to Start a Herd.

I am arranging to enter the dairy busi¬
ness, and would like to buy a lot of heifer
calves from some good dairymen who have
good Jersey or Guernsey cattle, and raise
them so that in about three years I will have
at least a foundation herd. I see plenty
of breeders advertise, but few dairymen.

Queen Anne, Md. f. a. b.

In regard to the question of buying
heifer calves to raise, I hardly think it
practical in this section, as most far¬
mers raise all the No. 1 heifer calves that
they have. There is a good demand for
milch cows for the Massachusetts market
at good prices, and all farmers sell
more or less, so it takes a good many
calves to keep the number good. A man
with a 30-cow dairy will raise from eight
to 12 calves a year, which is all the good
heifers you can expect to get.

Vermont. c. m. hazard.

In the hill towns many of the best dairy
farms can be bought for a very low price,
and on these rich pasture lands your cor¬
respondent, or any young man, could de¬
velop a good paying business. By secur¬
ing the best heifer calves to be found, and
raising them, he would soon have a fine
herd of cows. If he wishes to keep these
cows he should not make the mistake of
using a cull sire. By all means, get a good
purebred sire. The best grade calves to
be found are the ones for your correspon¬
dent to get ; if possible, get those from a
purebred sire. Some of the larger milk
breeds well developed will find a ready
market. The dairymen are looking for

just SUch COWS. ETHELBERT BUSS.

Massachusetts.

I have always been able to dispose of
my calves about here at fair figures. The
best grade bull calves T sell for $5 each
when about a week old. The heifers I
carry through the Summer until my skim-
milk gets scarce (August), when I can
get about $15 apiece for them. I have a
fine herd of grade Holstein cows. Eleven
were sired by my bull, Alberta Sir Mech-
thilde No. 25502 H. F. H. B. The pur¬
chase of this bull was a first-class in¬
vestment for me, and I think it one of
the best ways to build up a profitable
dairy herd. I have been breeding these
heifers back to their sire, and have some
nice calves that are thus inbred. I shall
probably put another purebred bull at the
head of my herd soon, and shall then
raise some three-quarter Holstein calves,
and unjess I increase my herd more than
I expect shall have some of these for
sale. Such calves would be worth from
$10 to $15 each when from four to six
weeks of age. As to whether such a plan
would be practical I cannot say, but
would think that it might, provided one
had skim-milk to feed the little things
on. If one did not I would say buy
heifer calves from good cows when from
four to six months old. Good cows will
cost pretty well anyway, for even with a
fine lot of heifers at least one-third of
them would not come up to a high stan¬
dard of production, burton h. corbett.

New Hampshire.

I know of men who are raising calves
bought largely from milkmen who use
all their milk and have nothing to feed
their calves, and are often glad to make
arrangements with some one to take
them off their hands when throe days old.
In this way one is able to pick up many
calves from extra good cows at from
$1 to $2 each that will, if rightly taken
care of, prove profitable cows. One man
of our acquaintance furnishes a purebred
bull to milkmen free in consideration of
their selling to him all heifer calves at $1
each. This arrangement has been mutu¬
ally profitable, as the milkmen are at
practically little expense for bull service,
and they know that when this man has
heifers to sell they will be from good
cows.

We raise annually eight to 20 calves
from our best cows, the remainder. 30
to 40, go when two or three days old at
$1 to $2 each. The objections to the
calf scheme are that too many milkmen
are careless as to the bull they have, and
any scrub animal is used in many cases ;
also their calves come at all seasons of
the year, and it is often inconvenient to
start raising them at all times. The
milkman often wants to get rid of the
calves, and doesn’t care to wait for some
one to make up his mind whether or no
this one is to be raised. We are fre¬
quently asked to promise all our calves
to one man, but do not do so, as we have
never found the man with whom this
worked well. h. g. m.

I do not think this is the most satis¬
factory method of building up a herd, be¬
cause as a rule we like to raise _ the
best for our own use. At the same time,
many in our section follow this practice,

and secure good working herds. I shipped
three heifer calves yesterday to a man
who thinks this is cheaper than to buy a
purebred bull and raise his own. If the
owners will only feed and care for them,
and not expect improved blood to do the
whole business all will go well. So many
dairymen have the wrong point of view.
They cannot understand that value is
primarily the product of feed and care,
and that the improved blood they are
buying has been made so by some man’s
thorough feed and constant care. With
the bill of these calves just shipped I
wrote the buyer that the whole thing de¬
pended upon him. If he did his duty
from now until he ceased milking them
he would say that my choice in calves
could be trusted, but if they had scrub
care he would tell his friends of one
man whom no one could trust. Improved
stock goes down rapidly under scrub care,
and so many a man becomes discour¬
aged and says the whole things is a hoax.
I bought two cows one year ago from a
dairy that has been built along this line,
getting calves from well-bred dairies.
These cows were poor and weak, but I
thought from the handling that we could
develop them. They were so weak that
after a drive of two miles they reeled
and staggered. When Mr. Van Dresser
attended our barn institute, looking over
the cows, he said to me: “Here is a
fine cow, and one of the best handlers
in the barn.” It was one of the two
mentioned. I gave $70 for the pair; to¬
day they are worth $100. A man who
knows his own capabilities can best de¬
termine whether he can manage the best
medium or poorest stuff. h. e. c.

Bloating Cows. — Your account of the
meeting in the barn of II. C. Cook, writer
and dairy authority, was read here with
much interest, especially the part regarding
the doctoring of cows for bloating. We have
a way that makes puncturing of the paunch
“look like .30 cents,"’ and as far as I ever
have been able to find out it is not found in
any text book. We have a piece of strong
rubber steam pipe, three-quarter inch, as used
In many creameries. This is about eight feet
long. We place a clevis in the cow’s mouth,
and after oiling the tubing let down to the
stomach. This lets the accumulated gas pass
out in a very short time. We then give a
dose of salts or linseed oil, and that is ail
there is to it. With a herd of 150 animals
we find in the course of a year many oppor¬
tunities to use our tubing, and have never had
any bad results. h. t.

Lacona, N. Y.

5

Se

WHICH?

Tubular or

{Simple Bowl or
Izzers or

Right Now or
Waist Low Can or
Self Oiling or
I Wash 3 Minutes or
All the Butter or
Best Butter or
Tubular or

Bucket Bowl?
Complicated? {
Hasbeens?
Were Once?
Head High Can?
Oil Yourself?
Wash Thirty?
Most All?
Medium Butter?
Bucket Bowl?

WHICH DO YOU WANT?

Tubulars are dif¬
ferent, very dif¬
ferent. J ust one
iTubular — the
(Sharpies. All
the others make
bucket bowls —
can’t make Tubu-.

[ lars because they’
are patented. Ask
for catalog B-153.

Sharpies Co,
Chicago, Illinois

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

Steol Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers' clubs. INTERNATIONA I.
SILO COMPANY, Box 53, Jefferson, Ohio.

SILOS

# The “Philadelphia” and Patent Hoof

# All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St„ Phila

hila., Pa.#

'%*b*r4

A sure calf fattener
Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Pood Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

GRAND PRIZE
CREAM SEPARATORS

AAAAAA ▲▲▲AAA

After the most careful, complete and thorough investigation
and consideration of every fact bearing on the subject ever under¬
taken bv the award authorities of any exposition, the St. Louis Expo¬
sition conferred every highest honor possible upon the

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS

THEIR INVENTORS, AND THE

Butter Exhibits Made From Them

The International Jury of experts, representing all countries,
gave to the DE LAVAL COMPANY the GRAND PRIZE (very
highest award) for CENTRIFUGAL CREAM SEPARATORS,
covering All Sizes, for Farm and Factory use.

In addition, Dr. De Laval was awarded a second GRAND
PRIZE for the invention of the separator; Baron von Bechtolsheim
a GOLD MEDAL for the invention of the “Alpha-Disc” system,
and Mr. Berrigan a GOLD MEDAL for the invention of the “Split
Wing” distributing shaft, these being the three INVENTORS who
have made the DE LAVAL machines the perfect separators they
are to-day.

In the BUTTER EXHIBITS the GRAND PRIZE (very
highest award) and all the GOLD MEDALS were awarded to
users of DE LAVAL machines exhibiting butter made from them.

While the DE LAVAL machines have invariably received the
highest awards to Cream Separators at every International Exposi¬
tion since their invention twenty-five years ago, their triumph at
St. Louis was even more complete and sweeping than ever before.

Every buyer of a DE LAVAL machine gets a “GRAND
PRIZE" and no one having use for a separator can afford to delay
making so profitable an investment another day. It begins earning
and saving with the very first run and continues to do so twice a
day for twenty years or more.

Send TO-DAY for catalogue of NEW MAY, 1905 machines
and address of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Dramm St..
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 Cortlandt Streetf

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McI>«rmot Avenue.
WINNIPEG.

1 Clean Uie Grain;
.bind and pre-

_ _ _ Iserve the straw.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box I I , Cobleskill, N.Y.

RYE THRESHERS:

Above trade mark on every box.

THE SPRING
WORK

is sure to bring sore
shoulders. You need not
lay your horse oil a day
if you use

BIGKMORE’S

GALL

CURE.

It’s the sovereign remedy for all Calls, Scratches,
Wire Cuts, Croaso Hool, etc. in horses. Torn or
Cracked Teats, etc. in cows. Sold by local dealers
everywhere, who are directed to refund money if it
fails. Enclose us 10 cents for testing sample.
BICKMORE GALL CURE COMPART, Box 51 9, Old Town, lit.

Perfection

Milk Cooler and Aerator

The surest guarantee of good
butter and cheese and Tong
keeping milk. Aerates while ,,
it cools. Expels all animal *• .

ocloi s and feed, stable aiul other foreigu smells
Convenient. All sizes. Descriptive circulars free]
L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

jEarLabels

I for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
’ $1.00 per 100 up.
Best on the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F.S. BURCH &C0-, 144 Illinois St. Chicapo,

F.S.BURCH

AMERICAN

MANURE SPREADERS.

50 to 150 bu. capacity.

Spread just as thick or thin as ground requir-s. Instant
change of Feed. Quick, automatic return of Bottom. Light
est Draft- Well made, strong, durable. Value, care
and use of Manure explained in catalogue. Ask for it

American Harrow C «

o ETROIT. MIC M. ,

1589 HASTINGS ST.

368

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 20, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWnOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE DealerZ
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W, INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, ti, Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent commission

to ^et orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spleen, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beantlful Pretentn and Coupon «
with every purchaae. lHAKGKS I’AII)
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33-Veaey St. .New York

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery to start or run. The original
oed-controlled friction-drive Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engino shaft. No
belts. No beveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel necessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fully Ouarantkxd.
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO.,

58 JMain Street, Pendleton, lad., U.S. A.

TB,”fows AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump. It canihowever,
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Amide
power, handling with ease eight, nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R H. Weyo & Co.. Binghamton, N.Y.

PAGE POULTRY FENCE

The stand up kind. Strongest
made. Fences poultry In, stock
out, costs less erected than com¬
mon netting, looks better, and
lasts much longer. 48, 58 or 72
inches high, bottom meshes only
lt$ inches. Requires fewer posts
—one every 60 feet.and no boards.
Fits any surface smoothly and
never sags, bags or buckles.

PAGE W0YEN WIRE FENCE CO. Box 748. Adrian, Mich.

uu

HB8BM

{Heaviest Fence Made. All No. 9 Steel Wire J

4 15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED

LWe also sell direct to farmers at wholesale prices, j
\Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire.

L Write for Fence Book showing no styles.

JHE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.

Cleveland. Ohio

Ill

^ - -

1111:11

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES 1

Can’t slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, lto 7 ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

We sell direct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

- Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

lCASE BROS., II Main St., Colchester, Conn.J

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the factory really to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the field. Patent galvan-
Ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our froe
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

To Introduce

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A simple, compact, easily handled tool—

Elauts corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
eet, turnip or onion seed, with or without
fertilizer, in hill or drill.

Hoi a Hew Planter, buf Hew fo Some People,

In sections where The Farmer'* Friend is not used
we will sell a few machines direct to users el
wholesale prices. Write at once. The No. 4 Tiger
Planter, a real two row planter— not two elnglo
planters In one frame. The most up-to-date planter
made. Full information and prices sent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co.. Rutland, Vt.

DAN PATCH 1:56

IN 6 COLORS

MAILED FREE

The Colored Lithograph we trill send you in a largo reproduction of the above engraving. And i§
mad© from a photograph taken of Dan while ho was going at his highest rate of speed. It i ■ one of
the finest motion photographs ever taken and is as natural and life like as if you actually saw Dan '
coming down the track. It shows Dan flying through the air with every foot off of the ground.

Size 24 by 34 iiebu. Fr«» of Adr«rtiaing.a^fi

IF YOU ANSWER
These 2 Questions:

1»t.— Mow Much Stock Of All Kinds Do You Own?

2nd.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

Write to . International Stock Food Co.,EAi™!"

BSTlt it Printed in Six Brilliant Colors,

MAILED

MADE HIS PIGS 4% MONTHS OLD WEIGH 200 LBS.

CURED HIS CALVES OF SCOURS

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD Co. ELGIN, NEBRASKA.

Dear Sirs:— We have just received one of your books and a picture of
Dan Patch. We were reading what some have to say about “International
Stock Food.” We will say that it is the finest thing ever fed to stock. We
had a litter of pigs the second week of July; we took good care of them and
fed “International Stock Food," and when four and one-half months old they
weighed 200 pounds. Everyone says they are just simply fine and they think
my pigs are March pigs instead of July pigs. The pigs were weaned only
three weeks when we sold the mother, weighing 350 pounds. It would take
something besides corn to come up to that. r' ' A
My calves had the scours so bad they passed
nothing but blood. I fed ,,lnternatlonal
Stock Food” and never lost one of them. My
neighbors lost a great many calves last
spring, and we not one, so I just laid it to
feeding “International Stock Food.”

Yours truly, ED. BATIK.

We Hare Thousands of Similar Testimonials. We Will Pay
Yon $1000 If They Are Not the True Experience of
Praetlea! Feeders. Beware of Cheap and Inferior Imitations
and Substitutes. “International Stock Food” Is Fed Every
Day to Our World Famous Stallions, Dan Patch 1:56,
Directum 2:05^, Arlon 2:07^, Itoy Wilkes 2:00^, and to
Our One Hundred Brood Bares mad Their Colts.

Largest Stock Food Factory In theWerld.
|3F“C0YERB OYER A CITY BLOCK.***
It Contains 1 8 Acres of Floor 8pace.
Also Large Factory at Toronto, Canada, j
Containing 50,000 Feet of Space.
Capital Paid In $2,000,000.00.

WRITE US AT ONCE FOR LARGE, COLORED LITHOGRAPH OF DAN PATCH,

THE FASTEST HARNESS HORSE THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN. VALUED AT $150,000.

AT TWO-THIRDS RETAIL PRICE

When you buy a carriage or harness from our factory you give us two-thirds
the sum you would pay the dealer. The remaining one-third is your profit.
W e are the only house in the suite of Ohio sellmg direct to the customer who
actually manufacture the vehicles and harness they offer for sale. We can
and do sell a high grade class of work at a great saving to the purchaser, and
our liberal guarantee carries with it abundant evidence that prices are not
offset, by reduction of quality. We aosolutely refund money to any dissatis¬
fied customer who purchases a carriage or harness from 11s and pay freight
both ways. Write for free catalogue showing styles and explaining our plan.
We have thousands cf testimonials from satisfied customers.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS CO.. COLUMBUS. OHIO.

We can’t tell in this space all the good points of the “Bonnie”
open elevator, right-hand binder, it takes a special book to do that.

But we can mention the prominent points that have won for it the
name of being the only successful low-elevator binder made. They
are points you need to know before buying. Steel main and grain
wheel with roller bearings in both, one piece steel frame, one piece
steel platform, canvas tighteners, all right hand levers, reel adjustment
completely around a circle, greatest capacity of elevation, lowest elevators
27 Inches, even balance. Every point about the “Bonnie'’ is a point in
the operator’s favor. Send for the “Bonnie" book and see the proof.
Also catalogue of the Johnston Grnn<I Prize winning line. Both free.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.

Box C-1 Batavia, N.Y.

BONNIE” BINDER

1 WOOD HAY TEDDER

HAY RAKES
AND TEDDERS
THAT

SAVE LABOR

Made by the Walter A. Wood Company
save a day and save the labor of several
men at haying time. The steel con¬
struction of each is as simple, strong

and as light as the demands of such machines allow. There are several new
features on our Self-Dump Rake for 1905 which add greatly to its value.
The Hay Tedders are built six and eight fork size. The complete line of

WALTER A. WOOD

HARVESTING MACHINERY

is fully explained in our handsome booklet which should be in the hands
of every farmer who values economic principles on the farm. This book
explains all details and all important points about harvesting machines
which the farmer wants to know. This book will be mailed FREE. We
can supply repairs for Walter A. Wood machinery of any date whatever.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE CO., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

Oldest independent makers of harvesting machines in the world.

rpFWflRLDSffEST

BYEVERY TEST

J

V

Sometimes an article is made so
good that folks wonder how it can be
sold at the price. That’s the trouble with
AMATITE; it seems almost too cheap.

For a wind, rain and weather proof
roof covering that will not crack, creep
or buckle, rust or rot, there is nothing
to compare with it.

Anyone can lay AMATITE.

Sample free on request.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO.

New York Chicago _ Philadelphia

Cleveland Cincinnati St. Louis

Allegheny \ Kansas City Minneapolis

New Orleans

FARM WAGON OFFER

pan «0G on WE SELL THE HIGHEST GRADE
rUn ioD.au HEAVY TWO-HORSE FARM WAGON
MADE, complete with double box, drop tongue,
spring seat, neckyokn and doubletrees. Every
wagon covered bv our binding guarantee.

FOR FREE FARM WAGON CATALOGUE with msny
Illustrations of wagons, all parts, etc., full descriptions,
guarantee, free trial olfer, for explanation why we can
Bell the best wagon made at about one-half the price
others charge, for low freight rate and quick delivery
explanation, for the most astonishingly liberal Farm
Wagon Offer ever heard of, cut this ad out and send to
us, or on a postal card say “ Send me your Free Farm
Wagon Catalogue,” and get all by return mall free.

Address I SEARS, ROEBUCK &C0„ CHICAGO.'

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

ALL KINDS OF

Set with the

NAGLEY TRANSPLANTER

save the grower -expense. Abso¬
lutely guaranteed to do the work.
Circulars free. Agents wanted.

Pruning Shears also a Specialty.

NAGLEY MFG. COMPANY, LYONS, N. Y.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2884.

NEW YORK, MAY 6, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

SOME PRECOCIOUS YOUNGSTERS.

Starting Things Early.

1 hat little hen that serves as a frontispiece for the
great little book, “The Business Hen,” was a very pre¬
cocious pullet, and shows how animals may he developed
along some certain line.

We at Laurel Farm have
also developed some pre¬
cocious animals, and as an
example I submit pictures
. of a pair of ponies and a
Jersey heifer and calf. The
ponies, Fig. 152, are at pres¬
ent about 22 months old.

They are what we call
Morgo-Shetlands, being a
cross between purebred
Shetland mares and a Mor¬
gan horse. We tried pure¬
bred Shetlands and found
them to be too highstrung
for children small enough to
use them. So we tried the
experiment of breeding
large-sized Shetland mares
to a rather small purebred
Morgan horse, and these
ponies are the result. Our
boys, aged 12 and 14 years
began bitting and driving
them around with lines be
fore they were a year old,
and last Fall, about Octo¬
ber 1, they began driving
them to a wagon, when they
were 17 months old. They
have taken the boys to
school, a distance of two
miles, and back, nearly
every school day since, and
are now making a 10-mile
trip Saturdays to deliver
butter. They -have grown
finely, and at present weigh
together 1,000 pounds. If
there is a younger team in
the State engaged in every¬
day work I would like to
hear from them.

The Jersey heifer, Fig.

153, is Czar’s Lucilla No.

188154. She was dropped
November 22, 1903, her sire
being the great show bull
Queen’s Czar No. 55573,
and her dam Nellie of Rock
Hill No. 118317. She was
turned to pasture last
Spring with a number of
other calves, among which
was the bull Rissa’s Czar
No. 69855, dropped August
25, 1903. As a result on
March 13 she dropped a
heifer calf, as shown in the
picture, being 15 months
and 21 days old. The heifer
developed a fine udder and
has extra long well-placed
teats. She is taking a good

ration of feed and is- doing finely. Her calf, while small,
is very bright and hearty, and we expect to grow h«r
into a nice cow.

Now, last of all, let us call your attention to the
young man who holds the heifer with such solicitious
care. “Billy’ Allison began working for wages on a

dairy farm at 12 years old, so that the years when he
should have been in school and seeking childish amuse¬
ment were spent in hard work; yet he has managed to
pick up a fair education, and is well posted on his fav¬
orite stock — Jersey cattle. He is now 21 years old, and
is a good example of that nearly extinct species, “a first-

A PAIR OF MORGO-SHETLAND PONIES. Fig. 152.

- j

; : ■ I

JERSEY HEIFER, CZAR’S LUCILLA NO. 188154. Fig. 153.

class hired man” for farm work. j. grant morse.

R. N.-Y. — Any farmer might be proud cf such young
stock. Of course Mr. Morse does not recommend bring¬
ing heifers into milk so young. It is doubtful whether
she will make quite so good a cow as though she had
been allowed more time for early development.

CAUTION IN THE USE OF CEMENT.

Good Materials Properly Handled.

As to the use of cement block or concrete for building
purposes, while there can be no controversy as to their
being suitable and very durable materials, when prop¬
erly prepared and used, yet
I fear that many farmers
will make a serious mistake
in using them. Unscrupu¬
lous dealers will sell cheap
and inferior grades of ce¬
ment, and the farmer will
employ untrained persons
to do his work, and an in¬
ferior grade of concrete or
block will be made; or even
with good materials an
attempt will be made to
spread out the cement over
too large an amount of the
aggregate, with the result
that a concrete will be made
which is pervious, and
which will absorb water,
freeze, and crack; in a few
years be a disagreeable
looking object, and in a few
more destroyed. Indeed,
the advice in The R. N.-Y.
to determine the amount of
sand and cement required
by the amount of water re¬
quired to fill the voids in
the stone or gravel, and the
amount of voids in the sand
to be filled with cement in
the same manner, is a very
dangerous one, as this
makes no allowance for the
moisture in the sand or
gravel, and supposes an ab¬
solutely perfect mixture,
something impossible of at¬
tainment.

A fairly safe practice is
to add about 40 per cent
more than enough cement
to fill the voids in the sand,
and about 40 per cent over¬
plus of mortar to fill the
voids in the gravel or
broken stone. A great deal
depends on the quality uf
cement used, and as the
ordinary farmer has not the
appliances nor skill neces¬
sary to make the required
tests, if mpch of this work
is to be done by farmers
(and with the growing
scarcity of timber it seems
inevitable), our State ex¬
periment stations should be
equipped with apparatus for
cement testing, and manu¬
facturers should state on
the package the fineness,
tensile strength, time of set¬
ting and expansion (or free¬
dom therefrom) which they
are willing to guarantee, and a severe penalty should
follow any lower than the stated test. I think that you

advice as to the cement roof would be good as to an
concrete structure, i. e., paint it so as to prevent its ab
sorbing moisture. The railroads are protecting thei
concrete structures by waterproofing. h. j. m.

37o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 6,

EXPERIENCE WITH A SILO.

Our experience of the past three Winters with a
round silo of a* first-class make has been very satisfac¬
tory, indeed, and we feel that we could not get along
and have any measure of success without it. The first
Winter we were on the farm, wintering about 30 head
of stock, it cost us about $400 for hay, beside what the
farm produced. The following Summer we put up a
round silo, 20 x 24 feet. We were only able to fill it
about one-lrlf full the first year, and cut about the same
amount of hay as we did the year previous. We win¬
tered about the same amount of stock that we did the
first season, and bought about $100 worth of hay. Oar
stock looked better in the Spring, and gave us more
milk on the silage than they did on the hay, with less
grain. We have sold both milk and cream, and have
yet to hear the first complaint from our customers. We
feed about 15 pounds at a time morning and evening,
with r small feeding of hay at noon, mixing about two
quarts of bran and one of flax meal with the silage.
Last Winter we put a few loads of Japanese millet into
the silo as an experiment, and were so well pleased with
the result that we shall try a much larger amount this
year. Figuring hay at $15 per ton, we think good
silage is worth about $7.50 per ton, green cut% into the
silo. We think a man can carry at least double the
amount of stock witn a silo that he can without one,
using the same amount of ground to produce the silage
as he would for hay or ordinary dry fodder. We
should build another silo on the same plan as the
one we now have ; viz., a good rock foundation laid in
cement with a concrete bottom, round superstructure of
six-inch staves, matched and beveled edges, with gn
octagon shingled roof, choosing the latter on account
of the cost, about one-half the amount of a conical roof
which the manufacturers sell. We have had no experi¬
ence with concrete except for floors and foundations, so
we are unable to judge, but thi..k it would be more
expensive. We have seen several silos that have been
built by carpenters, both round and square, and think
those sold by reliable firms much superior, as a firm
that gives its entire time and experience* to manufac¬
turing an article can turn out much superior work to
a man who onlv devotes part of his time with limited
experience to the same end. F. R. h.

Nashua, N. H. _

THE TROUBLE WITH INCUBATORS. .

On page 323 I noticed a discussion of some of the
difficulties with incubators, and several reasons ire
given for failures. 1 began with incubator experiments
40 years ago, of course learning more every year, and
I have given considerable attention to the subject of
incubator hatching. I am willing to acknowledge that I
have much more to learn, hut 1 find that failures occur
more because of the differences in the eggs than from
other causes. If one egg hatches, why not all ? If the
operator gets 50 per cent, leaving one-half to be thrown
away( or an other percentage) is it not apparent that
the fault is not with the incubator , for if the condi¬
tions are favorable for hatching a dozen chicks they
are also favorable for all, but as operators get their eggs
from all sources, and as there is seldom uniformity
among the eggs, the incubator is supposed to be at
fault. The same with the hen — she hatches only those
eggs that are “hatchable.” Operators get eggs from
yards having fat liens, impotent males, half-starved fowls,
sick fowls, immature pullets, unsheltered hens, etc. If
they will look over an incubator drawer when it is full
of eggs they can easily see how greatly eggs vary in
sizes, shapes and colors. p. h. Jacobs.

New Jersey. _

COPPER PLATED APPLES FROM OREGON.

Our groceryman bought in market a bushel box of
Winesap apples from Oregon, for which he paid $3.50.
Perhaps he can manage to get 20 quarts out of the
box when he retails them at 20 cents a quart — about
seven to a quart. They are beautiful to look at and
were evidently carefully selected and closely packed.
We are aware that such specimen apples, and, in fact,
the entire crops of the Oregon orchards are frequently
sprayed up to picking time, and that they are so coated
with the spraying material that it is thought necessary
to wipe every apple before picking. Upon close exam¬
ination the Winesaps in our groceryman’s box plainly
showed the dried spraying material at stem and blos-
some ends. Knowing what I do I womd not care to
eat them without paring them first, and I am led to
ask how much poison, if any, has through the long-
continued drenching become incorporated in the sub¬
stance of the fruit? It is claimed that such handsome
fruit cannot be grown outside of the Pacific States, but
for surpassing flavor and aroma, give me New York
State apples every time. J. yates peek.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

R. N.-Y. — It is said that such apples are kept “cop-

•

per-plated” — sprayed constantly so as to keep off scab.
At picking there is often a film of sulphate of copper
left on the fruit. This is usually wiped off before pack¬

ing, yet it would be difficult to remove it all. We do
not believe the copper will be found inside the apple,
and with ordinary precautions there should be no par¬
ticular danger from eating the fruit. The point is that
fruit from New York and New England is fully equal
to that from the Pacific coast, and it should be graded
and put on the market under a guarantee.

VALUE OF A HAY LOADER.

The picture at Fig. 156 shows one way in which
applied horse power may save hand labor. One of our
readers in Illinois tells the story as follows:

In this part of Illinois it is very difficult to get com¬
petent help to harvest the crops, and I consider the
hay loader one of the greatest labor-saving machines we

turn her loose in a field or large lot, where there is no
deep water nor any holes, to be sure that no accident
could happen. 1 would give ground feed and be gov¬
erned by the condition of the droppings, and feed bran
or oil meal to regulate that for the last two or three
months. Pay special attention to that, and after foal¬
ing, if working her, do it with good judgment and
not get her very warm. Leave the colt in a good box
stall, and not let it run with the mare while she is at
work ; only leave them together at noon and all night.
If I did not need the mare for worl I would turn out
in pasture with some grain feed once or twice a day,
quantity according to condition of pasture. Charge
for this I would make according to the owner’s finan¬
cial rating, and the fancy he would take in the mare
and foal, and the amount of work I would do with the
mare, if any. j. g. k.

Chicora, Pa.

BROODER WITH GASOLINE BT'RNER. Fig. 154.

have on the farm. One man and a boy, or girl, who
can drive a team can load more hay than three men can
in the old way ; it takes the hay up cleaner than any
rake I ever saw. In 1903 I had seven loads of heavy
clover down, and a severe rainstorm came up in the
night. The next morning I started in, and went over
the field with a hay tedder three times, and the hay was
ready to draw in. If it had been raked or bunched it
would have been spoiled. The loader saves all the
heavy lifting, all the raking after, and does not break
so many leaves off clover. I have never used but one
team on it, and it is a very durable machine, not getting
,out of repair easily, but of course it ought to be under
shelter when not in use. I have decided that my loader
is equal, if not superior, to any loader of this style on

FRUIT BUDS ON HOrE FARM PEACHES.

See Hope Farm Notes, Page 377.

Fig. 155.

the market. It will pay for itself within two seasons on
the average farm. j. E. b.

Illinois.

CARE OF MARE AND FOAL.

In caring for a two-year-old colt, I would feed one
quart cornmeal. one quart bran, with plenty of good hay,
twice a day, and a roomy box stall, bedding enough to
keep it clean and no more. Too much bedding and ma¬
nure left in the stall will make the floor uneven. I would
never tie, but let it' run at will in stall, and turn out
three or four hours a day if the weather permits. For
such care and feed I would think $25 for the Winter
would be about right, and for the Summer in good
pasture without grain feed — pasture only — for $7 to $10.
At all times see tha the feet are in good shape, and
do not grow out too long. A brood mare I would keep
at light or common farm work till almost foaling time,
or till the milk would show signs of her foaling; then

STRENGTH OF THE BORDEAUX MIXTURE.

Why do they make the Bordeaux Mixture so much weaker
than years ago? When I first commenced spraying grapes,
15 years ago, they recommended a formula, six pounds cop¬
per and four pounds lime to 25 gallons water, and now rec¬
ommend about half that strength. I have always used t lie
0-4-25 with good results, but if the weaker solution is
just as good should prefer using it.

Wappingers Falls. jr. h. woods.

It has been demonstrated by innumerable experiments
at the various experiment stations that it is not nec¬
essary to use the Bordeaux Mixture as strong as it
was recommended when it first came into use. The
weaker mixtures prove just as effectual, are cheaper,
and spray more easilv. being less liable to clog the noz¬
zles. 1 wo of the more common formulas now used
are: Six pounds copper sulphate. 4 pounds lime, 50
gallons water. An easier formula to remember is :
Five pounds copper sulphate, five pounds lime, 50 gal¬
lons water. 1 his is the usual strength used upon most
plants, except peach and plum trees. Oftentimes this
strength will burn the foliage of these tender trees,
causing or making holes in the leaves and resembling
the work of the Shot-hole fungus disease. For this
reason the mixture is used only about half strength
on these trees, except when one has to light the Peach
leaf-curl, which should be done just before the buds
swell in the Spring, and then the full strength of Bor¬
deaux is advisable. M. v. slingerland.

HEN MANURE COMPARED WITH OTHERS.

How much pure hen manure should be put on one acre
of land that is lacking manure? The land is good loam.
The hen manure I ha\e is from the droppings board. I
suppose that Is the same as the Peruvian guano.

Rockville, Mass. o. a. d.

Hen manure is not uniform, as some of it contains
sand and feathers. The following table shows a fair
comparison :

rounds in One Ton.

Phosphoric

• Nitrogen. Acid. Potash.

Stable manure . 10 6 13

Hen manure . 30 30 1(5

The nitrogen in the hen manure is in a more available
form, so that we consider it worth about four times
as much as fairly well-rotted stable manure. We should
want to use five tons of hen manure per acre, making
it as fine as possible. We have frequently explained
why we should add muriate of potash and acid phos¬
phate to the hen manure if possible. Hen manure is a
very different thing from Peruvian guano. The latter
is the manure of sea fowl, containing the dead bodies
of many of the birds. It is found in dry, rainless coun¬
tries. where little or none of the ammonia is le t. These
sea birds feed largely upon fish, which are rich in nitro¬
gen and phi -.phoric acid. Their food being richer than
that of domestic fowls, of course their manure is richer
— especially since there is less loss through fermenta¬
tion. _

CROPS FOR A YOUNG ORCHARD.

Referring to an article by M. W. H., on page 297. I
would ask if the crop best suited to planting in a young
orchard should be determined by the nature of the crop
alone? Should the nature of the' soil be considered?
Are we not too much inclined to consider such ques¬
tions from one rather than from a number of view¬
points? I have a few hundred peach trees that are from
eight to ten feet tall at the age of two years, and have
sown oats in this orchard. On a different soil I have
a few hundred trees of the same age that are not of
such unusual size. These are to be cultivated until
June, and then planted to cow pea. in drills and the cul¬
tivation continued. I have assumed that the first or¬
chard has too much and the second not enough nitro¬
gen, and am varying the crops to suit conditions. Wash¬
ington and Benton Counties, Ark., have more growing
apple trees than any other counties in any State in the
United States, and it is a common practice to plant corn
in these orchards. In many cases the corn is injurious
to the trees. Oats, millet, sorghum, corn and such
Summer growing grain and grass crops take from the
soil a large quantity of plant food in a short space of
time, and just when the orchards or young trees are in
most vigorous growth. If the growth is too vigorous
corn, and even sorghum, may benefit the trees by giving
them a more sturdy and less succulent or soft growth.
If the growth is what is desired these plants will do
some harm; and, if the growth is feeble these gram¬
inaceous plants may not only seriously injure but destroy
the orchard. c. L. newman.

Arkansas.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

37 1

MILKING STOOL NOTES.

Some Problems from Farm and Dairy.

The milk peddler comes home and tells his wife that
a lot of the customers are kicking about bitter, bad-
tasting milk, and hints of the stable, etc. The poor man
knows the cows were kept clean, and so were the cans
and bottles. Only two or three days before he turned
the cows in a fresh pasture, where the grass was rank,
and they filled up to their hearts’. content. But at night
when milking you could smell the strong grassy odor
and the aerator would not take it all out. Either do
not let the cows stay too long for a day or two in the
fresh pasture, or put them in a day or two before the
growth is so rank.

Yes, we make mistakes, and they usually cost some
money. We bought a new milch cow that was said to
give 16 quarts daily. She gave about 15, and we wanted
more, so we increased her grain ration up to what some
of the better cows were getting. Suddenly things went
wrong. Garget started, the cow lost her appetite, and
now she gives only 20 pounds daily. We found she was
not used to grain, and could not stand a fairly go'od
ration. We never yet made a cent on the cows we
bought that never had a pound of grain and were going
to do so well on “your care.”

They have been on the farm now 15 years and it has
run down hill most of the time. They were never con¬
tented from the first, and expected to sell, and so never
made any permanent improvements. They thought the
farm would sell for as much without them, and they
didn’t want to put in a lot of hard work for some one
else to get the benefit. Even the ordinary repairs were
neglected after a time. Paint cost money, and they
never used it. Barns wanted shingling and new sills.
“We may not stay here, so let it go for awhile.” The
pastures grew up to weeds and brush; fences arc m
miserable makeshift condition, and there
is a row of brush six to 20 feet wide
near the fences on all the mowing land.

One or two years they let the trimming
after the mowing machine go, and the
bushes got too much start. Althougn
they bought the farm “skin renters”
could not have treated it more shabbily,
and now it will not bring over two-
thirds what they paid for it, and the
income from it is growing less each year.

Don’t get the idea that you are not go¬
ing to stay. Every place has sonic draw¬
backs that are not seen on the surface.

There is more in your farm than you
have ever taken out. “Get busy.”

We are almost always tempted to begin
plowing too early. There is lots to do
in the Spring, and we want to push the
work along, but it is time ill spent when
plowing is done before the ground is
ready. When it is fit to plow it can be
quickly fitted for the crop, and put in
good condition, but it is hard work to
get land in good shape plowed too early.

We have seen clay loam plowed too
quickly, and the soil was lumpy through¬
out the season, and it would be almost
impossible for the tiny rootlets of a plant to penetrate
one of these chunks of soil. Before you plow pick up
a good handful of the soil and squeeze it. If water
leaks out through your fingers or you have a mass of
putty in your hand, wait awhile before you plow. If
you want to raise a crop of corn this year and have
very few weeds in the field try this plan : Plow the
ground as early as you can, and have the land in good
condition. Let it lie a week and harrow it once. Then
harrow it once a week for a month or six weeks before
you plant your corn. Many of the weed seeds wdl
sprout early ; your frequent harrowing will kill them,
and you have comparatively a clean soil when you plant
your corn. We have tried this and know it works.

Personally we are not very fond of Holstein cows, but
a friend said recently: “If it hadn’t been for our Hol¬
stein cows I should have been in a hole long ago.” We
know that in one year recently he cleaned up over a
thousand dollars profit from this herd of about 40 Hol-
steins. We can at least respect a herd that will do this.

He is not feeding any grain ; says he can’t afford to
at the price he gets for his cream, and the high price
of grain. His hay is not early cut, nor of the best,
and you can imagine his cows are not paying much. We
saw them last Spring and the proverbial “Spring poor”
is too tame an expression to describe them. If one
isn’t going to take care of cows there certainly will be
no money in them, and precious little fun in it. As
one dairyman said : “I’m keeping cows for the pleasure
of their company,” but there is no pleasure surely in
their company unless they are doing well and are kept
healthy and contented. We once knew a man who
started in the hen business and went on the theory :
“If you won’t lay I won’t feed you.’ and as a conse¬
quence he soon quit the hen business for the good of the

hens. If you do not put something into your cows (or
hens) or anything else you undertake you can never
expect to take much out of the business.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

SPRAYING BEANS WITH BORDEAUX.

Has anyone met with success in spraying beans to prevent
rust or blight?

I have not come into communication with the growers
of commercial dried beans who are regularly spraying
to prevent fungus diseases, but 1 know of canning fac¬
tory people who have been spraying for several sea¬
sons with great satisfaction. They are using the ordi¬
nary strength of Bordeaux Mixture, although it is
presumed that a somewhat more dilute solution would
answer the purpose equally well, and they are holding
their bean plants free from blight when fields alongside
that are not sprayed are practically ruined. I have no
hesitation in saying that if the work is begun early
enough and persistently followed up the Bordeaux Mix¬
ture will prevent blight of beans as effectively as in the
case of potatoes. J. l. stone.

Cornell University.

There has always been more or less rust or anthrac-
nose affecting beans in this locality. Last year it was
worse than usual in some neighborhoods, while in most
other sections there was very little, if any, of it. We
do not know of any cases in which spraying was re¬
sorted to. The farmers generally have an idea that
spraying, in order to be efficient, must be done before
the rust appears, and they don’t want to do it then, for
they are not certain that their crop is going to rust, and
after the crop has rusted, they think it is too late.
We certainly would be very glad to know how and
when this Bordeaux Mixture should be applied, and also
whether any benefit can be derived from the treating of
the seed before it is planted and how it should be treated.

We will be glad to provide a machine for spraying beans
and have it in readiness to use this year in case it should
seem to be necessary. n. b. keeney- & son.

Genesee Co., N. Y.

On the low ground I had marked results in the bright¬
ness and size of the vines. At the same time, on the
upland, where there is good air drainage, there was not
much difference, and I met with the same results differ¬
ent years. On the whole, I would not advise spraying
field beans for profit. albert wood.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

It has been our custom, as well as that of many
other canners, to spray string beans during the growing
season. We use for that purpose the regular Bor¬
deaux Mixture, and spray them several times during
the season. Regarding a machine for loading peas will
say that we have placed an order this year with C. H.
Childs & Co. for a number of machines that we expect
are going to do the work.

Madison Co., N. Y. the burt olney canning co.

I have never sprayed beans; one of my neighbors did
one year, but thought it did not pay. Some of the can¬
ning factories have the beans raised for string beans
sprayed and claim it is the only thing to do to be suc¬
cessful. CLARK ALLIS.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

NOTES ON SHOCKING WHEAT.

Most people are probably familiar, in a general way,
with the principles and methods used in wheat shocking.
Yet there are details, the conformation to, or neglect of
which, makes all the difference between a first-class job
and a poor one. I wish to show here some of the details
which make for convenience and excellence in the work.
I find the following plan of setting up a shock most

satisfactory: Set down four bundles in a row, and fol¬
low with one in the middle on each side. Now place a
bundle in each of the four vacant places, and put on
two caps. For caps, select bundles with long straw
above the bands. They will cover the shock better, and
will not fall off so easily. Place the heads of the caps in
the direction from which the strongest winds blow. If
the heads face the wind, the caps will not blow off as
readily as they will if the butts face it.

Here are a few general suggestions: If the shock
has been set up as here directed, it will contain 12 bun¬
dles. Experience teaches that this is very nearly the
right number. Some little variation, of course, is allow¬
able. But if a shock is much smaller, it lacks stability;
and the same is true if the shock is much larger, espe¬
cially if the wheat is dead ripe. When the wheat is
dead ripe, the heads stand out. and, especially in a
large shock, the bundles are liable to fall down. If
the heads stand out, it is a good plan to hug the shock
tightly before capping. In a large shock slightly green
wheat is apt to mold. When starting a shock, if con¬
venient, start it in the middle of the bunch of bundles.
This will save the time and labor involved in carrying
bundles around the shock. If practicable, put shocks in
exactly straight rows. This will not increase the yield,
but it will produce a neat appearance, and will make it
easier to get at in hauling from the field. If pushed for
time, however, put shocks where most convenient. One
cannot afford, in so practical r. matter as wheat shock¬
ing, to sacrifice economy for neatness. To avoid damp¬
ness as much as possible, place shocks out of depres¬
sions. While it is true that only the butts would be wet
by the surface water, it is also true that a shock, once
wet, will dry out more quickly on dry than on damp
ground.

If the foregoing suggestions are followed in shocking
wheat, two very desirable things will, I think, be ac-
accomplished. The work will be done
with a minimum of time and energy,
and a first-class job of work will be
done. I helped shock over 40 acres of
wheat last Summer, during which these
suggestions were kept in mind. As a
result, fewer caps blew off, fewer shocks
fell down, and a neater appearance was
made than in neighboring fields.
Indiana. c. A. ludwig.

BROODER GASOLINE BURNER.

Will F. Q. -White tell us more about his
brooder — the one heated by a gasoline
burner. many readers.

The letters piling up here state that
there is “room for oceans of improve¬
ment in brooders.” There seems to be
hardly anyone satisfied with his brood¬
ing arrangements, and as it is impossi¬
ble for me to answer any more personal
letters, I will give a description of our
houses.

I am very sorry to say that Mr. Men-
ges is not ready to put his heater drum
on the market, as it is the best thing
for its purpose we have seen yet. He
hopes to be ready another year, and it
is pretty late to make much change this year anyhow.
You can try the gasoline burners on your old brooders
if you wish, as they merely take the place of a lamp,
doing the work much better and cheaper, too. ‘ Any per¬
son wishing to raise only a few chickens can get along
with a kerosene lamp, but when you have 1,000 or
2.000 little ones to look after in all kinds of weather,
then is when you will appreciate our system of brood¬
ing. The gasoline burners can be secured from a gaso¬
line stove manufacturer. We have some made in
Cleveland, Ohio. The Omaha Stove Repair Works sell
a very simple one that we like very much, but they
charge exorbitantly for them, and we have been too
busy to find anyone who will make us a good burner at
a reasonable price. In Fig. 154 a gallon oil can, A, is
soldered to a pipe, B, for a tank and 4/> feet of pipe
gi.-es good pressure for the burner, which sets under
the heater drum, F, where the lamp ordinarily sets.
The box where the burner is, E, must be fireproof, as
the heat is very great from a stove burner. As a mat¬
ter of fact we never use the stove burner, as the
small igniter gives all the heat we need. It is well to
use plenty of asbestos between all wood and the box
where the burner is. There is no smoking, and we
rarely have a bun' r go out; only one went out last
year, and one must be sure no gasoline has leaked out
before re-lighting the burner, or there will be trouble,
as it is explosive. Ten gallons of gasoline have warmed
six houses one week, April 3 to 10, filling the tanks
twice in that time, and no trimming or bother rainy
nights, as it used to be with lamps.. We have two
different sized houses. 6x8 and 8 -x 8. For the earlier
hatches, those coming in March or early in April, we
like the smaller house best, as being smaller it is more
easily kept warm. We keep from .50 to 200 chicks in
each house, and sometimes take the bu ners from houses
which do not need heat any longer, and use the same on
other houses with newly-hatched chicks. After the first
ot June we take all burners out and store them, ready
for next year. Fig. 154 shows house, cut at center
showing lamp box heater, E, drum, F, with burner under¬
neath it; C, hover; D, curtain. floyd q. white.

S.

HAY LOADER SAVES A HIRED MAN. FlG. 156.

372

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 6,

SECOND CROP SEED POTATOES.

A reader in Missouri, wishes to know how
to prepare and plant second-crop seed pota¬
toes. Last year he planted some of these
potatoes, but most of the seed failed to
sprout, or rotted. How should he handle the
seed after digging the first crop?

Second-crop seed potatoes should be
stored in the sunlight (spread out flat)
until thoroughly blued, then moved to
barrels or bins in a warm place, when
they will sprout shortly. As soon as
sprouts show one-eighth of an inch long,

plant. WALTER WALDIN.

Florida.

If the inquirer can depend on a good
season in the ground at the time of plant¬
ing he can get a fair stand of second-
crop potatoes by digging seed as soon as
matured enough to germinate well, plac¬
ing them in a damp place out of the sun,
but where plenty of air can get to them.
I prefer placing them on the ground, but
not in a heap, leaving them there two or
three •weeks, at the end of which time,
by carefully looking over the seed and
picking those that show sign of sprout¬
ing, cut the largest ones, if preferred,
and plant in well-prepared land, plowed
up deep, but worked down firm. In this
section, where it is almost always dry at
that season, it is best to furrow out the
ground fairly deep and cover seed with
a hoe, putting about three to four inches
of soil on it, pressing same down with
hoe by placing foot on hill.

Tennessee. w. h. list.

I myself have' been unsuccessful in
growing second-crop potatoes, and I lay
it to the fact that I live in the Piedmont
section, where the season is rather shorter
than farther east. 1 expect your Mis¬
souri reader will fail on the same account.
However, I will say that he might try a
very early potato, planting as early as
favorable conditions will permit ; then,
just as early as the potatoes are matured,
dig seed and cut a piece (about one-
fdurth) off the side of every potato he
wants to plant. Spread them out thinly
under a good shade tree or some other
place where they will get plenty of light
but not enough sunshine to scald them,
and let them stay out 10 days or two
weeks, when they will be ready for plant¬
ing. The clipping, or cutting of the seed
makes them sprout better and gives a bet¬
ter stand. They must also be covered
very shallow when planted. I have aban¬
doned the growing of second-crop pota¬
toes, because it pays me better to grow,
by heavy and liberal fertilizing 500 or 600
bushels per acre in one crop, and follow
with Crimson clover, which grows very
fine after potatoes. robt. m'anally.

North Carolina

Two of the most important points to
observe carefully in growing this crop
are the “seed” and the soil. Before dig-
ing the first crop the tubers should be
allowed to mature well. After digging,
spread the tubers out thinly . where the
air and light can strike them freely.
This does not necessarily imply that the
sun should shine on them, but I believe
some sunshine is an advantage. The
tubers should be allowed to turn slightly
green, and the “eyes” show some sign of
growth before planting time. It is often
the case that growers in the extreme
Southern States use the small tubers in
planting for this crop. But I have had
much better results by using the large
well-matured tubers, cutting them lo
two-eye pieces. I sprinkle them well with
lime and then spread the pieces out to
dry a day or two before planting. The
cut surfaces then present a dry, corky
appearance, which keeps the pieces from
rotting badly before sprouting. The soil
should be thoroughly prepared before
planting. It is often the practice of
some growers to keep the soil well pre¬
pared during late Spring and early Sum¬
mer, so that it will hold moisture well
when planting time comes last of July.
However, some early vegetable crop, like
beans, or peas, could be grown on the
soil in early Summer. If th soil is rich
I have grown a good second crop on he
same soil where I had harvested the first
crop. The trench system has given me
better results. Make the surface of the
soil level and then make furrows about
four inches deep, three feet apart, across
the field, Plant the pieces 18 inches apart

in the furrow, and cover with a plow.
Run a light harrow over the ground just
as the tops begin' to come through. This
will smother the young weeds, break the
crust of the soil and help to conserve the
moisture. Use some early variety like
the Rose or Triumph. R. H. price.

Virginia.

The best seed is grown on dry. lime¬
stone land in a dry year. The seed should
be nearly or quite mature when dug. It
will require three to four weeks to
shrink, dry, and further ripen th.o seed
after dug. The common practice is to
spread the seed after digging under trees
to facilitate ripening, and it remains there
until needed to plant. In planting such
large quantities this practice may be un¬
avoidable. If we keep in mind the main
idea, that we want to shrink, dry and
predispose the seed to sprout, it will
probably occur to one that the rain that
sometimes falls on the seed thus spread
would hinder that process. It does, and
you want the potato dry from digging to
planting. I do not think any process is
known for sprouting a freshly-dug green
potato. If it requires three to four weeks
curing it bars the growth of this crop
north of Tennessee, except as the climate
on the eastern coast may duplicate that of
Tennessee. Seed a wet season of growth
requires longer curing, and seed that has
taken second growth requires still more
time, or is to be a -oided. We have found
potatoes cured for seed under the shade
of trees unfit for shipment, after a few
rains, where seed kept dry was all right,
under the same trees. Early digging of
the first crop gives a more favorable
seed bed for a second crop by enabling
us to cidtivate and stop the loss of moist¬
ure, that is then very rapid. Loosen the
soil after every rain, for a hot sun on a
solid soil carries the heat deep into it.
Never cut a potato until ready to plant
it. Some of the growers at Mobile, Ala.,
refuse to cut at all. They rot, they say.
The soil is probably too wet wlien th~y
plant. If they tried to get the soil too
dry for planting they might hit it right.
The fact that they rot is a key to the
situation. Wet weather directly after
planting is a special dread of the planter
here, from just that cause, rot. The
Triumph rots less, and sprouts slower
than any iother potato I have tried.
Probably the best way in all cases to
prevent rot would be to plant corn with
the potatoes to mark the row, and plow
the corn with narfow, long, keen calf-
tongues, and let the air to the potato.
The grower who waits for the potatoes to
mark the row before cultivation begins
is almost sure to make a failure. Cut
out corn when potatoes get up. If we
plant in too wet a soil there is no chance
to air the potato by cultivation, because
the seed will rot in six days, or even less.
The normal rainfall at Mobile would
probably correspond with a wet season
here, and the hot water trouble we have.
In case of a thoroughly saturated soil
it will require 10 days or more to get
the soil dry enough. Ground full of sod
or cane roots, or anything that will act
as a divisor of the soil, and let the air
in, is of first importance. Rich garden
soil a wet season for planting is inferior
to new soil filled with trash, and could be
improved by filling with half-rotted
straw. I have not discussed the trouble
of a dry year. There is less to be said.
If the season is too dry to sprout the
seed 1 cannot helo it. There are three
ways of warding off drought: Cultiva¬
tion, irrigation, and mulching. Mulching
shortens the growing season by rendering
the crop susceptible to frost. Just when
the crop is doubling and trebling, it
shortens the important end of the grow¬
ing season. The reader may get an ex¬
aggerated idea from reading the above
of the trouble in growing a second crop.
I have seen fields in a year of good
rainfall, where the stand was so good
and the vines so rank you could not tell
where the rows were. w. h. s.

Thompson Station, Tenn.

Cost ok Spraying. — I have never used the
lime and sulphur mixture. I make Bordeaux
Mixture and use on nearly all my fruit, from
a currant bush to an apple tree. For 50
gallons of this I use five pounds of blue vit¬
riol, which costs about six cents per pound,
or 30 cents ; lime enough to be same at a
cost of say two cents, costing 32 cents for
50 gallons. After the first spraying I add
white arsenic, one-quarter pound to 50 gal¬
lons, costing when ready for use about five
cents; 37 cents total cost for 50 gallons,
about three-quarter cent per gallon. This I
estimate would be sufficient thoroughly to
spray 25 fair-sized apple trees. Allowing
two gallons to each tree, costing 1% cent
per tree, the labor as I do it with a barrel
pump with hand power, two men and team,
would get over at least 100 trees of fair
size in 10 hours, or one day’s time (making
their own mixture). To do this there should
be a quantity of the vitriol ready for use and
also of lime, and arsenic. Allowing $1.50 for
200 gallons of the mixture and $4.50 for men
and team you have $6 cost for 100 trees. I
think a good, thorough job may be done for
this, amount. I presume large orchardists,
who have power pumps and power to run
them, may do it cheaper, but I never thought
it advisable for me to invest so much money
in an outfit. v, s. v, e.

Ontario Co,, N. Y,

Hay Press.

We want the name of every
reader of this paper who is
even thinking of buying a hay
press. We want to tell him
about the Ohio and how it is
built. Do you know that every
Ohio hay press sold will pay
for itself? Because the Ohio
is built for sure, fast, clean
work; the kind of work that
means top of the market

E rices for your hay crop. No
reakage, no twisting of the”
frame, no delays or repair
bills, no stopping to oil up —
low feed table and a reduced
labor bill. You can shift the
feed table on the Ohio in one

minute. Powerful driving gear ; strong
fast feeder. The strongest and at the
same time the lightest hay press on
the market.

We want to send you our new illus-
_ trated catalog. 1 1 is free and just your
’name on a postal card will bring it to
your door. Write today. Don’t wait.

Ohio Cultivator Company,

Ohio Street Factory, Bellevue, Ohio.

We are also manufacturers of the famous
Ohio Sulky Cultivators a tvd Walking Culti¬
vators , Steel Lever and Disc Harrows, Land
Rollers , Pulverizer s. Corn and Cotton Culti¬
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for the free catalog of any of these you, are
interested in.

SCALES

BEST

LESS COST TAN ANY OTHER.
CATALOGUE FREE.

JTQ; JI Eg “He Pays the Freight.”

Box .{07 A Binghamton, N. Y.

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in all

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CLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,

203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

It’s true economy to
buy your clothing direct
from the mill. No
dealer’s profits. You can
get two suits for what
you usually pay for one.
Handsomely made and
trimmed. Guaranteed to
give satisfaction. Plenty
of patterns to choose
from.

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Pana¬
mas, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Henriettas,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.

PRESSES THREE TONS MORE

If you want the Best Hay and Straio
Press on the market write for
Spencer's Catalog, and see how you can
get a Press for nothing if it does not
show 3 tons greater capacity in 10 hours
with no more help to run it than any
other two horse press.

In writing name
this paper.

Catalog free.

J. A. Spencer, Dwight, III.

HOOVER Potato Digger

A Satisfactory Digger
Sa“teS The Hoover-Prout Co.

in every way. / - Avery, unio.

Catalog free.

Mention this
paper.

Go Slow!

Do not thinx of buying a machine
for drilling for water, oil or any
other purpose without first inves¬
tigating our great

CLIPPER

and

“Advance”

Machines.

They are by far
the greatest
Drills overpro¬
duced.

LOOMIS
MACHINE CO.,
TIFFIN, OHIO.

AGENTS FINE SAMPLE SENT ANYWHER£

ON RECEIPT OP

41.50

/o

mtjuJzi t jf of a-

roQl

is

tN

'NAT’L tool CO.

THREE RIVERS, MICH.

DOG POWERS

BEST, CHEAPEST.

HARDER MFG. CO.
Boz 11 Cohlaslc ill NV

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
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Practically Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
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Any Workman Can Put
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No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Alention R.N.-Y.

Rex

Flintkote
Roofing is
the best roof¬
ing for country
buildings, because
absolutely proof
against the most
extreme weather
Summer and
Winter; and so
easy to lay that
the farm hands can
do it by follow¬
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ing outfit
in each
roll.

Farm Fires

are Spread by Sparks

"The Hesister ”

1 »

ROOFING

Perfectly protects the farm house
and buildings in case of a neigh¬
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Send For Free Samples XowhJgk

Hex Flintkote on farm buildings in dif¬
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dealer will supply Rex Flintkoto
if you insist. Write us to-day.

J. A. &W. BIRD & CO.

70IodiaSt., Boston, Mass.

Rex
Flintkote
Roofing is
not cheap,
but is 7710 st
I eco7io7tiical. Qual¬
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first consideration ;
1 as a consequence
this roofing lasts,
requires little re-
| pair and gives
perfect satisfac-
| tion. Do not buy
an inferior sub¬
stitute no mat¬
ter what the
induce¬
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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

373

GREENHOUSE WORK IN MAY .

Care of Palms. — In a former article
reference was made to the fact that palms
and ferns are among the many plants
that need a sort of Spring cleaning and
repotting at about this season. With
plants of this character repotting once
each 3rear usually suffices, the exception
to this rule being found in the case of
young stock in the smaller sizes that may
be grown on fast enough to require shift¬
ing into larger pots twice in the year.
The ordinary palms, such as are grown
by florists generally, comprise a very
short list, the first in popular favor being
two varieties of Kentias, namely, K. Bel-
moreana and K. Forsteriana, the next on
the list being the Chinese Fan palm, Liv-
istona Chinensis, then the very graceful
Areca lutescens, some of the Date palms,
or Phoenix, and the dwarf Cocoanut
palm, Cocos Weddeliana. While there are
several other species that are sufficiently
grown to be termed common, yet the few
names mentioned above cover the chief
representatives in floral commerce of this
great family of plants, out of a total of
more than 1,200 species of palms that arc
known to botanists. The chief require¬
ments of these palms under greenhouse
culture are the following: First, a good
soil, such as might be used for forcing
roses; good drainage, plenty of moisture
at the root and in the atmosphere; shad¬
ing from full sunshine from March 1 to
November 1, and a night temperature
throughout the Winter of 60 degrees.
When repotting the palms, the old drain¬
age material should be removed from the
bottom of the ball of earth, and the loose
soil from the top broken away carefully,
but beyond this it is safer not to disturb
the roots. Then take a clean pot one to
two inches larger in diameter than the
one formerly occupied by the plant in
question, put a piece of broken pot or a
few cinders in the bottom for drainage,
cover this with coarse soil, and ram down
firmly to such a depth that the old ball of
earth will be fully buried up to the base of
the plant when the new pot is filled. The
newly potted plants should be kept moist
but not sodden, else the soil may be¬
come soured and the roots fail to take
hold promptly. In potting on small palms
we usually shift from two to three-inch
pots, and from three to four-inch, but
from four to six-inch, if the plants are
strong and healthy, and in larger sizes, a
shift of two inches each potting is cus¬
tomary.

Repotting Ferns. — The small ferns that
are used in such tremendous quantities
each season for filling table ferneries are
mostly grown by specialists, but it is a
most interesting business; though requir¬
ing much care and a large stock of pa¬
tience. These young ferns are raised
from spores, as the minute seeds of these
flowerless plants are termed, and much
experience is needed in order to gather
the spores in just the right condition, to
sow and care for them correctly, and then
to go through with the various tedious
operations of transplanting and finally
potting them off. But the older ferns that
may be in need of fresh soil may be re¬
potted as soon as they begin to grow in
the Spring, and if the pots in which they
are growing are large enough for con¬
venience, a reduction of the old ball of
earth may be made in order to repot in
the same size. After such treatment the
plants must be protected from the sun,
and also from strong drafts until they
become re-established. The very popu¬
lar Boston fern, a form of Nephrolepis
exaltata, is one that is very easy to grow
and to propagate, the most common meth¬
od for the increase of this fern being to
plant out on a side bench of the green¬
house a few old plants, being careful to
select plants for this purpose that are free
from insects. The ferns in question are
planted out about one foot to 15 inches
apart on the bench, given plenty of mois¬
ture, full sunshine at least until midsum¬
mer, and liberal ventilation, and under
such conditions soon begin to throw out
runners in much the same -way as a
strawberry. The young plants form on
these runners, and as soon as they make
a few roots may be cut off and potted into
small pots, and should be shaded* from
sun and wind until they can take hold of
the soil. In order to grow sturdy Bos¬
ton ferns with short leaves that stand up
well they should have but little shade,
only enough to avoid scorching in hot
weather, and also be given a strong soil.
Do not listen to advisers who suggest
"woods’ earth" or leaf-mold as the fmly

proper soil for fern growing, for such
advice does not agree with the most suc¬
cessful practice in growing Boston ferns
and some other strong-growing members
of this family. Instead of using such
soil, the best results are had from rotted
sod with a liberal mixture of good stable
manure, but not fresh horse manure, for
this contains too much free ammonia for
the welfare of the ferns.

Summer Plants. — May brings us to
the planting-out season for many of the
bedding plants, it being safe in the lati¬
tude of New York City to plant out near¬
ly all the plants that are thus used during
the latter half of this month, though the
altitude of the location also governs this
operation in some degree, for while it
may be perfectly safe to put out tender
plants near the sea coast, yet there are
many inland points of greater altitude
where such plants may suffer before
June 1. At the planting time it is well
to remember that provision should be
made for stock for another season, it
being a good plan to set aside a sufficient
number of each particular variety for the
home planting before the best part of the
stock is sold, thus ensuring a supply of
cuttings for next Autumn. These stock
plants should be carefully labeled that
there may be no question of nomenclature
in the future, for it is not always an
easy matter to identify such plants as
geraniums and Cannas by their foliage in
case they should be out of flower at the
time they are lifted at the end of the
seasdn. Fancy-leaved Caladiums and the
beautiful flowering Gloxinias are among
the Summer-growing bulbs that should be
now started, both of these plants being
tender in foliage and needing some shade.
These are plants that cannot be recom¬
mended for outdoor use, but for green¬
house decoration and occasional use in the
dwelling are very effective and attractive.

w. H. TAPLIN.

THREE-HORSE “DOUBLETREE.”

Here is a sketch of a three-horse
“doubletree" that is the best T have ever
used. It is light, and can be used as
two-horse doubletree by changing two
clevises and taking off the short single
tree. The doubletree is four feet from
center to center of outside holes. The

single trees are two feet six inches; short
one is 10 inches. Irons on single trees
are all six inches. The short single tree
should be made with a hook on the under
side so that all will be on a line. s. p.

Newark, O.

y EHicie catalog FREf

V We will send you
vehieletnour

TwoYears’ \

■h topbB

2

FOR IT S

TODAY.

cata-

logon - . , , .. ,,,

Trial ?.urIng wlu®* TOP BUGGIES,

I rial time you can
use it as much and
as often as you like,
and if any
partorpieee
break sor
w ears out
duringthat
period, on
account of
defective
material or
poor work-
in unship,
you can re¬
turn it and
we will re-
placeitfree
of charge.

Our big
FREEVE
1IICLECAT
ALOG tells

all about SURREYS
this won¬
derful offer, de¬
scribes and illus¬
trates the largest
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trimming, ironing, painting and finish, givesinnumerable
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priced vehicles hihiiuiiieturcd. WE HAVE', FAC¬
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customer’s ho the; When possible, thus ttiakltjg freight
Charges very I6w. Send for out* Vehicle batnlog before
buying, It o6sts ¥bu nothing* fttld wilt save you hiqhey>

John M. Srilyth Co.

The name Keen Kutter
eliminates all uncertainty in tool buying.

As this brand covers a complete line of tools, all you need reman,
ber in buying a tool of any kind is the one name Keen Kutter.

Keen Kutter Tools are without reserve or qualification the
best tools that money, brains and skill can produce. No
matter how much you pay, no matter who you may
have thought to be the best maker of a particular kind
of tool, you cannot get any tool, anywhere, better
than those sold under the name of Keen Kutte^

If your dealer doesn’t keep Keen Kuttef tools
* write us and we will see that vfa are supplied.

mu mm

Tools received the Grand Prize at the St. Louis Exposition— the only such award ever given a complete

c.sim'iov4

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line of tools.

, Some kinds of Keen' Kutter Tools
Chisels, Knives of all kinds,
Hair Clippers, Scissors,
Shears, Adzes, Axes,
Brush Hooks, Chop¬
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Cleavers, Hay
Knives, Scythes,

Saws, Horse
Shears, Tool
Cabinets,

Etc.

"The

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Remains Long
After the
Price is
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Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY

St. Louis, Mo. 298 Broadway, N.Y.

WHITMANS W2

LARGEST 8t MOST PEj
GUARANTEED

ALSO LARGE LINE FIRS'

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WHITMAN AGS

Received the GKAA'D PRIZE, highest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair, St. Louis-

Buy FARQUHAR Threshing Machinery

Don't think of buying an engine or thresher until you send and geta Farquhar catalog, illus- I
trating and describing the celebrated Ajax Portable Threshing: Kngine, Penna.
Traction Engine, center crank, steel geared throughout, with independent ]
mounting, and Furquhar Kukc and Vibrator Separators. Write for free
Catalog of Engines, Hollers, Saw Mills,

Threshers. We furnish small machines for
your own work or large ones for merchant
threshing, with self-feeder, windstacker J
and all up-to-date attachments.

Farquhar engines are easy steamers
and have the latest improved
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tested and guaranteed. No j
record of a Farquhar boiler
ever exploding.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO. Ltd.

York, Pa.

250 DIFFERENT STYLES

WE MANUFACTURE ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE UNES OF VEHICLES AND HARNESS IN THE WORLD.

Every one embodies the results of over 20 1T-f,nitiril tSSB

years of successful manufacturing ex-
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binding guarantee and on our
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You pay after you try
our vehicles and find
them O. K.

Write for our
FREE CATALOG
and lowest wholesale
factory prices.

COLUMBIA MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO., c?n c i n n*at i JaoHio

Concord Wagon No. 82 E

Buekboard No. 46 E

Spring Wagon No. 441 E

Runabout No. 54 E

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug
gies from us know we sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from S}5 to 50 per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

We are situated in the vehicle center of tho
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making part « for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their construction — and then
wo sell them, direct from factory to you, at exact man¬
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system, you don't pay any traveling rnen’sexpenses,
dealer's profits, costof storagoor handling. You simply
pay for the bujftfy. And remember, we sell every¬
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satisfaction.

Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue* We can show you what you want, at
the price you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

We don't sell cheap harness, but we sell No. 1 Har¬
ness, made right hero in our Kalamazoo factory, at
tho price others ask for cheap harness.

Uur big general catalogue, No. C-86,will give you best information and lowest prices on
^Verythittg for tho humo and the farm. Ask for It. Its free.

tilll Btl'PLV A MFG. CO.. 481 i.»wr«shcc Sq, KAI.AMASOO.MtCM.

V <1 llMll

. N* 1

374

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 6,

FARMERS' CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to In¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please See whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Draining a Wet Cellar.

E. 8. K., Strykersville, N. Y. — How can
I drain a cellar? The ground is grave),
16 feet down to blue clay, and filled up
with water within two feet of the surface.

I have laid a drain of four-inch tile 900 feet
long, which is running to its full capacity,
and still 1 have 13 inches of water in the
cellar.

Ans. — If the drain of such length has a
small fall, it will not carry very much
water, and if it cpuld be shortened or
given greater fall it might -answer the pur¬
pose for which it is intended. Your^ cor¬
respondent will either have to increase tiie-^
water-carrying capacity of the drain or
make the floor and walls of the cellar
watertight by means of cement. With land
which is so porous overlying an imper¬
vious clay it would be of great benefit to
the cellar in every way to make the walls
watertight. G- D.

Various Questions.

M. J. Q., McKee City, N. J. — 1. I have a
poor piece of ground that was plowed last
Fall and was sown in rye. The rye did not
make a very good showing. How would it do
to plow it up and sow it with millet? This rye
was fertilized last Fall when it was planted.
If you think millet would grow on this piece
let me know if it ought to he fertilized and
how much to the acre. Let me know when to
sow millet. 2. I have a fire hotbed which is
full of tomato plants. I notice that some of
the plants were wilting and I watered the
bed. When I opened the bed the next day I
noticed that the plants were very wet, and
whdn closing in the evening I noticed that
nearly all the plants had white spots on
them. This has not been shaded, but I will
shade it until I hear from you. Let me
know the cause of this. 3. I have a poor
piece of ground that has not been worked for
two years grown up in weeds and grass.
Ilow would it do to sow it in cow peas, cut
for fodder, and plow the stubble under and
sow it with clover this Fall? When is the
time to sow cow peas? I sowed some aspar¬
agus seed last Spring and it came up very
nicely. About August 1 noticed some bugs
on it ; these bugs or worms were about one-
sixteenth inch thick by one-fourth inch long,
black in color. I now notice a deposit on the
plants left by the bugs ; let me know what
to do for them. Is it too late to manure
asparagus?

Ans. — 1. We should let the rye grow
until about the middle of May, then cut
it for fodder and plow the ground and
sow millet. This millet needs to be well
fed. It grows rapidly, and is what is
called a “surface feeder.” It quickly ex¬
hausts the soil, and it will pay to use at
least 400 pounds of good fertilizer per
acre. On the poor piece of land you can
sow cow peas after the middle of May.
About seven time out of io they make a
fair crop under such conditions. They
will grow fairly well without fertilizer,
but will respond to a fair application. 2.
Your tomato plants have probably been
kept too close and have blighted. Thin
out the affected plants, keep the sashes
off and give all air possible. Shade when
the sun is too bright, but give plenty of
air. 3. The best means of controlling the
Asparagus beetle that appears to be the
pest affecting your plants is to dust the
foliage in early morning, while wet with
dew, with a mixture of Paris-green and
flour, one tablespoonful of the green to
two pounds of flour, well mixed. Dam¬
aged flour will do for the purpose, as it
sticks to the fine, smooth leaves as well as
good flour. Manure can he applied to as¬
paragus any time, but is best put on be¬
fore the plants start into growth.

More About a Plant House.

10 feet wide, three-fourths span, using hotbed
sash, and everything has to be above ground.
As we get very little cold weather here it
would only be occasionally I would need arti¬
ficial heat in house, or only a moderate heat.

Ans. — The small greenhouse or plant
house, as it is usually called by those who
use it, is usually built, as I said in a
previous article, of hotbed sashes, or
rather covered with hotbed sashes. With
this idea in view, first select a good lo¬
cation, dry and protected somewhat if
possible. It is essential to have a dry
location, because you will have to exca¬
vate about four feet to make room for
fire box, and of course this must have a
drv bottom. Grade ground so you will
have about one foot rise in 50 feet, or that
proportion ; then lay out building the size
warned, long span facing south. The
width will depend on size of sashes used.
Here we use a sash 3x6 feet by using
two sashes on long span, one on short,
and continuing north roof near eaves with
two sashes on long span, one on short,
two or 2(4 feet of wooden roofing ma¬
terial, giving a house about 18 feet wide.
Perhaps inquirer’s needs would be fully
met with one sash on each slope. This
must be figured out by the individual him¬
self. There are a number of the^e small
plant houses in use with no foundation at
all, simply posts set in ground at suitable
distances apart, then boarded down to
the earth or a little below, but a more
permanent job is secured by laying a con¬
crete foundation and starting on this as
for any other building. Never use brick
in foundation; mortar will not stay. The
north side should be so planned that
double boarding with paper between can
be put on to guard against severe cold
spells. Height 3(4 to four feet, I think,
is ample at eaves. Walks can be sunken
a foot or more to give head room. It is
considered that buildings of this character
should have about three inches fall to the
foot on the long span, and more on short.
If benches are to be used — and they gen¬
erally are in houses heated by this meth¬
od — a row of glass under plate on south
side should be used to admit sunlight to
the extreme front of the house. The raf¬
ters are the supports for the sashes, and
sashes held in place either by wooden
buttons on outside or hooks on underside.
Ends, so far as possible, should be glazed,
too.

A furnace is built on low end below
ground. The heat and smoke are taken
from this through a flue of either brick,
fire-clay tile, or vitrified drain tile, not
less than eight inches in diameter. If
vitrified tile is used, something else must
first be used for at least to feet from fur¬
nace, because the sharp heat will crack
the tile, and sometimes does at a greater
distance than io feet. This flue is gener¬
ally (not always) carried all way around
building and enters chimney over furnace.
The builder should be particular that his
flue has same rise all way around the
building, or it will smoke. The chimney
should be sufficiently high to give ample
draft, and a damper placed between outlet
and return so he can secure straight draft
when lighting fires, etc. Benches are com¬
monly used in this style of house because
there is no lost space; the flue pipe occu¬
pying the natural level would of course
interfere with planting, but benches should
not be too high above ground, as work
has to be done over them. Ventilation is
provided for in top by having upper row
of sashes on south side loose, so as to
slide or raise up. Such houses as these
are quite cheaply built and answer every
purpose for starting early vegetable
plants. c. c. HULSART.

Land Dying1?

Crops failing? Growing poorer each year?
You’re taking the nitrogen from the soil, put¬
ting none back. Feed the soil, put nitrogen
into it. Do it cheaper and better than with
fertilizers— do it with

NITRO-CULTURE

Nitro-Cultnre inoculates the soil, puts germs
into it that draw great quantities of free nitro¬
gen from the air.

Makes great crops, enriches land wonder¬
fully. $2.00 worth increases yield per acre im¬
mensely. Simply sprinkle on seeds before
planting. Write for catalogue S 2.

NATIONAL NITRO-CULTUIIE CO.,
West Chester, Fa.

A I CAI CA OH 1 1 from a vigorous growing field of
nLlHLitt OUlL Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per
hundred pounds; 10 per cent discount on 500 pounds
or over. R. D. BUTTON, Canastota, New York.

FINE QUALITY SEED.

All Recleaned and Tested. Special Prices to Far¬
mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy, Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, lied top, Kentucky Blue-Grass, German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats: Learning, Pride of the North, Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and all kinds of Flint and Sweet torn; all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape,
Onion Seed. 1ST" Implements for Farm, Garden and
Lawn. Catalogue free. OHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224
James Street, Syracuse, New York.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Large transplanted plants of Cabbage, Celery,
Tomato, Pepper, Egg Plant, Cauliflower and Let
tuce for the man that plants for profit.

Our Cabbage Plants are transplanted in De¬
cember and are grown in a cool temperature all
winter; they will head earlier than any other
plants. Write for Price List.

J. E. HUTTON & SON, Conyngham, Pa.

VEGETABLE PLANTS ira&TSS

Horseradish Sets; 1,000, $2, 100,30c. Millions of Celery,
Cabbage, Pepper. Eggplants and other Vegetable
Plants. Price list free. Cash with order.

LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

500,000 ASPARAGUS ROOTS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ CHEAP ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

ALL OTHER VEGETABLE PLANTS IN SEASON.
I. & J.L.LKONARD, Iona, New Jersey.

PLANT Northern Michigan Grown Seed Potatoes.

Wonderfully productive, yield 560 bu. acre last
year. Varieties Early Michigan, Ohio, Six Weeks,
60c bu.; Late Beauty of Hebron, Superior, Carman
No. 3, Uncle 8am, 50c bu.; 100 Bu. Lots Carman
No. 3 or Uncle Sam. $40. H. BLEMHUBER & SON,
Specialists, Marquette, Michigan.

DHTATflEC grown especially for SEED. 15
IV I H I Ukv varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

Potatoes — Acme, Carman, Cobbler, Dela , Fortune.
Ohio, Rose, 6 W’ks, 85 kinds. C. W.Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

GARDEN, Field and
Flower Seeds, Clovers
and Timothy, Beardless
Spring Harley, Blue
Grass, Orchard Grass,
Red Top, etc.

We can also offer Feeding Corn, and Oats in car
lots track your station. Write for Field Seed Price
List, also 1905 Annual Seed Catalog mailed free.

THE HENRY PHILLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.

115-117 St. Clair Street. Toledo, Ohio.

QflTATflCC Vermont Gold Coin and
I U I A I Utd Irish Cobblers, $3 per 4 bu.

bbls. ; White Mammoth and Carman No. 3, $2 per 4
bu. bbls. GEO. A. BONNELL, Waterloo, New York.

LONG ISLAND CABBAGE SEED,- Spring,
Summer, Fall, Winter. Catalog and Sample Free.
Four 10c. FRANCIS BRILL, Hempstead, N. V.

rs. 300,000 E. J. Wakefield
Summer. Very Strong. $1,
file, Drawer 3. Chester, N.J.

CABBAGE ST

1000; $8, 10,000. F.W. Rocln

ran CAI C— CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5.50
lUn OALu bushel; Cow Peas. $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Heed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

Milford. Delaware.

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N. J.

BEANS FOR SEED— Extra Leafless Pea Beans,
Big Yielders, finest eaters. $2.65 per bushel, bags
free. A. E. STACY, Elbridge, New York.

YOUNG STRAW HERR Y PLANTS at $1.50 per
M.— Nick Ohmer, Wolverton, Saunders, Brandywine,
Haverland, Seaford, Enormous, Win. Belt, Marshall,
Excelsior, New York, Rough Rider, Senator Dun¬
lap. Fresh dug, well packed, 600 Wealthy, 300 York
Imperial, 300 Rome Beauty, 2 yr. 5 to 7 ft. Grand stock.
Low price. Arthur J. Collins, Moorestown, N. J.

$180 THE 2d YEAR otETJT,,

KEVITT’S PLANT FARM, Athenia, New Jersey.

Peach Trees and
Strawberry Plants.

We have them by the 100,000, to¬
gether with general line of nur¬
sery stock. Prices low; quality
best. Write for new 1906 Catalog.
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,
Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Willowdale Nurseries

We have bargains to offer in Apple Trees, in first-
class. medium and light grades. Our list includes
Stayman, Nero. Lankford and others of the best late
keepers. Japan Plums, Sour Cherries and Peach, in
medium and light grades at low prices. A full line of
Fruit Trees, SinalT Fruits, Shade Trees, Evergreens
and Shrubbery. Also a large stock of California
Privet and Berberis Thunbergii, the best plants for
Ornamental Hedging. Send list of wants for prices.
RAKESTBAW & PYLE, Kennett Sq., Penna.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS Beauty, Senator

Dunlap and 50 other varieties. Send for price list to

I). RODWAY, Hartly, Delaware.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS ft*

PTNE HILL FRUIT FARM. Center Brook, Conn.

FRUIT CANNING

Machinery, 5 sizes, $10 and up. Cheapness and ca¬
pacity will surprise you. Save the fruit, w-ork at
home. Sell to stores at better prices. Booklet free.
W. S. Ritchie, Bridgeport, Ala., or Corona, Cal.

KFRUITBOOK

_ shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
, fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
hnHon r»l «n t.prs.— — Sfark Rrn’s. Louisiana. Mo.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established 1SJJ)-

FRUIT TREES.

A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees,
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty
of dealing Direct with the Farmers.

Write for Price List.

CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O.

$5 Per 100 .

Apples, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop¬
lars. Healthy, true to name and Fumigated _ All
kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices-
Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free.
RELIANCE NURSERY, . Box 10, Geneva, New York.

FRUIT TREES

Plants, vines, and ornamentals are grown in
large numbers at Hoyt’s 500 Acre Nursery.
We have on hand THE FINEST STOCK
EVER GROWN IN NEW ENGLAND. If you need anything in the Nursery line write us. Catalogue free.

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., New Canaan, Conn.

FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES,
SHRUBS, VINES & ROSES,

All the best and hardiest varieties. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue EH EE
on request. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, New York.

POTATOES

A fine lot of EARLY NORTHERS grown on
soil. $1 per bushel: $2.50 per barrel while they
T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga.Sull. Co., N. Y.

virgin

last.

CRIMSON CLOVER

price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
able also for early green food_
grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

R. J. M., Hammond, La, — I am much inter¬
ested in the greenhouse vs. hotbed topic, and
my experience with hotbeds here is the' same
as P. B. Crosby's, Maryland. I got a poor
stand of tomatoes from first sowing ; watered
and waited ; sowed again, and about the time
second sowing was ready to germinate, we
had our coldest weather. Second sowing
never came up, so all I have to show from
hotbed 8 x 6 Is about 200 large tomato
plants. Would C. C. Hulsart describe more
fully how these small greenhouses are built
with flues? I thought of building one about

Hammond’s Slug Shot for Potato Bugs, Currant, Cabbage Worms, Etc.

To THE EDITOB OF AMERICAN GARDENING:

In your issue of June 18, on page 399, I notice a good article on the Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. For
the benefit of yo^$ numerous readers I would advise them to try Hammond's Slug Shot. I have used it here
this season with excellent results, on Potatoes, Egg Plants, Cucumbers and Squash, for Potato Bugs and also
for Striped Beetles, and it is the best remedy I know of, 6imple and effective. I purchased two of the Dusters
which he advertised in your paper, and they are very useful articles. The best time to dust the plants is early
morning, as the substance adheres much better when the dew is on. A light dusting is sufficient, and woe bet.de
the bugs or the larvae. Once they get a taste of it they shrivel up right away.

GEORGE STANDEN, Gardener to Col. D. S. Lamont, Mlllbrook, New York, 1904.

Sold by Seed Dealers and Merchants all over America.

Send for Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights to Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., for information about solution of Copper, Bordeaux Mixture,

Grape Dust and Cattle Comfort.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

375

Hardwood Ashes as Substitute for Lime.

J. Q., Richford, Ft. — Would good hardwood
ashes answer In the place of lime if sown on
ground before sowing Alfalfa?

Ans. — Yes, provided you used enough
of them. An average sample of wood
ashes contains about 650 pounds of lime
to the ton. You should use at least twice
as much of wood ashes as of air-slaked
lime.

Turkestan Alfalfa.

•J. H. II., Steubenville, O. — Can you tell me
if Turkestan Alfalfa has any advantages
over the common Alfalfa? I thought of sow¬
ing a part of field of each, side by side, but
would like to know more about the Turkestan
Alfalfa before trying it.

Ans. — Our impression is that the Turk¬
estan Alfalfa has proved superior in the
Far West, where the climate and soil are
very dry. In the more humid climate of
the East we think the common Alfalfa
has proved equal if not better.

Fumigating a Dwelling.

R., Albion, N. Y. — I wish to learn the best
method of fumigating a dwelling, some of
the inmates having been afflicted with scarlet
fever. Would you advise the burning of sul¬
phur? Is it necessary to burn it in every
room? Would it rid the house of insects
also?

Ans. — We would not trust to sulphur
in such a case, but would burn the for¬
maldehyde candles sold at most drug
stores — using them according to direction.
This is expensive fumigation, but it is
sure. For killing insects the fumigation
with cyanide of potash mentioned on
page 178 is effective.

Nitro-Culture” and Buckwheat.

J. S., St. Johns, Canada. — Would buck¬
wheat be benefited in the same way as beans,
peas or clovers by the use of nitro-culture,
and be as useful as clover for plowing under?

Ans. — No, the “nitro-culture” would
not help the buckwheat directly. This
“culture” contains the germs which work
on the roots of certain plants, such as
clover, peas and beans. So far as is
known at present these germs work only
on the plants which carry their seeds in
pods — either large or small. These plants
are called “legumes.” • Grain, like wheat,
rye or buckwheat, would not be helped by
“nitro-culture,” since the germs do not
work on its roots. We have found buck¬
wheat a good green manure, though not
as good as clover.

Water Glass in Crystal Form.

A. S., Boonville, N. C. — I cannot buy the
solution of silicate of sodium or water glass
here, but can buy the powder. Can you tell
me what amount of the powder should be
dissolved In water to form a solution to pre¬
serve eggs? Where should the vessels be kept
that contain the eggs?

Ans. — We have not used dry or crys¬
tal silicate of sodium, and understand it
is somewhat difficult of solution. One
pound of crystals to 12 gallons of water
is practically a three per cent solution,
and is equivalent to a 10 per cent dilution
of the standard water glass or silicate of
sodium solution, which contains 30 per
cent of the dry chemical. This has been
repeatedly demonstrated to preserve eggs
perfectly. To be on the safe side, we
would use one pound crystals to 10 gal¬
lons of water, and try to dissolve the
chemical in a smaller quantity of boiling
water, afterwards making up to the re¬
quired amount. The vessel containing the
eggs should be kept covered and in a
cellar or other cool place.

Adding Chemicals to Manure.

IF. C. L., Gleasondule, Mass. — What chem¬
icals should be added to barn manure to make
a well-balanced fertilizer for general use on
corn and garden vegetables? (live figures per
ton or cord of manure. Sulphate of potash
preferred to muriate if as good in this com¬
bination. Manure is kept under cover ; horse
manure used in gutter back of cows, and slops
from house, including night soil, etc., emptied
on the heap.

Ans. — An average barnyard manure
contains 10 pounds of nitrogen, six of
phosphoric acid and 13 of potash. As a
result of many experiments with chemical
fertilizers, it appears that on the whole
the safest proportion of plant elements on
the average soil is about two parts of
potash and 2 parts of phosphoric acid
to one of nitrogen. There are of course
some soils where less of one of these ele¬

ments would be needed, also some crops
which would yield well with a lower pro¬
portion. Those who use most fertilizers
and with best results will agree that the
proportion named is most economical in
the long run. We see that stable manure

gives only about half of one part of
phosphoric acid and less than part of
potash to one of nitrogen. We may add
19 pounds of phosphoric acid and seven
pounds of potash to make the proportion
fit. This could be done by adding 15
pounds muriate of potash and 125 pounds
of good acid phosphate to each ton of
manure. On our own soil, and with the
crops we grow, we should add more pot¬
ash and less nitrogen. It is not necessary
to mix the chemicals with the manure.
They may be spread on the ground by
themselves after the manure has been
plowed under. The sulphate of potash is
as good for this purpose, except that
when mixed with the manure the muriate
will probably preserve the manure better.

Manure in a Dry Country.

rwr- —

O. 11'. M. D., Great Falls, Mont. — We throw
the manure from the barn into a pile outdoors
and probably once a month haul it on to the
land and let it lie in piles (small). The
climate here is very dry ; the manure simply
dries out and would be blown away if it were
not held down with dirt. Do we lose the
value of it by this method? It does not fire-
fang, as the piles are too small.

Ans. — It is not likely that nitrogen is
lost by this method. That would be the
only element of plant food likely to es¬
cape. It would be necessary to have a
certain amount of moisture in order to
start and carry on fermentation. Potash
and phosphoric acid are lost from manure
by leaching.

Ashes or Fertilizer.

Please advise which Is better to apply to
a bearing orchard (pastured by sheep and
hogs), 55 bushels (1*4 ton) spent tanbark
ashes, or 400 pounds South Carolina bone
and muriate of potash mixture, analyzing 11
per cent phosphoric acid, 10 per cent potash,
the cost being the same? If the land needs
lime, will the lime in the ashes be as good
as the same quantity of slaked stone lime?
The above orchard has not been cultivated
for 10 years and is running to Brown sedge.
May not the lime in the ashes be soluble for
this, as I have read in agricultural literature
that where good lands run to the sedge they
need lime? Is this true?

Ans. — This gives a fair comparison as
to the plant food in the two substances :

Phosphoric

Nitrogen, acid. Potash. I,lme.

300 lbs. ashes . .35 .45 .750

400 lbs. fertilizer. .. .44 .40 ....

The advantage is with the ashes. There

is less phosphoric acid, and this not
so available in the ashes, but there is

more potash, and a fair dressing of lime.
The lime in the ashes is as useful as that
in slaked lime. We should consider the
sedge as an indication that lime is needed.

For the land's sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR nND>
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

NO I

bee

Recon

^^thou

DIRTY MOLASSES, MILL FEED OR REFUSE

beet Food for Stock at quarter the coat of Stock 1
Recommended by Agricultural Experiment Stations _
k thouaanda of Farmers. Write lor (imples and priced.

HE BARWELJ. MILLS, Waukegan, III,

'»* A

k<m»i 1.
land

/

First Lessons in Picture Making Pfc.

tography, by Olive E. Miller. A (dear and concise
book of instruction for. beginners in the Study of
Amateur Photography. Price 25 cents. Address
OLIVE E. MILLER, 409 Seminary Ave., Chicago.

IT DOES THE TRICK I SF“-‘ P*

SPECIAL.

This axle runs easier than any other, and requires
no attention, It’s ~\7^T ondcr."
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

DIRECT TO YOU Price*.

We are not jobbers or assem¬
blers of other people’s goods —
we build vehicles in our own
factory. By buying direct from
us you get factory prices
with no middlemen’s
profit, you get every¬
thing that is latest, best
and most durable. Our
large free catalogue tel Is
RETAIL PR 1C E~S4in al-' -abo"t our no money

with order plan, freight
offer, 2 years guaranty and how we ship anywhere
ON 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.

We make 140 styles of vehicles from $22.50 up and
100 styles of harness from $4.40 up. Don’t buy a
vehicle or harness until you have heard from us.
IVrite today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO.,

B 627 Cincinnati, O.

BUGGY SUPPLIES

MADE TO ORDER

Tops, cushions, storm
fronts, wheels, axles, springs
everything for a buggy. Sold
direct from factory at factory
prices. Saves middlemen’s
profits. Free Catalogues.

Cleveland Top Co., Dept A-46,

THE UNITED FACTORIES CO., Cleveland, Ohio,

These Men’s shoes
are high in every
respect, save price.
Their price does not
begin to express
their value to any
man who appreciates wearing
nice looking, fine fitting, and
strongly made shoes.

MADE OF CHOICE LEATHERS

In many styles to satisfy every taste.

If not found do not accept some
imitation, but write us, and we will
see that you are supplied.

HUCKINS, TEMPLE & WOOD

Only Makers - BOSTON

Extension Axle Nuts

Cure wabbles and make old buggies run like
new, Quick sellers: profitable : samples
free to agents.

H A RDWARB SPECI A LTY CO. , Box 643, Pontiac, Mlch#

Write fo-Day

for

. our big
free Harness catalog Which
describes, illustrates and
price lists the largest as¬
sortment In the world of
fine made harness sad¬
dles and horse goods of
all kinds, for all pur¬
poses and for all sections
of the country Our har¬
ness Is full size, stylish,
handsome and extra
strong, cut from oak tan¬
ned extra choice pack¬
ers heavy steer hides.

All parts exactly uniform
in thickness, weight and
strength. Strongly and ar¬
tistically sewed, reinforc¬
ed where necessary and 2
or 3-ply where greatest
strain comes. We sell
Single harness, $ 4. lOiip
Double “ 12.45111)

Pony “ 9.45,1 (>

Men’s saddles, 2.48 up

Boys’

Ladles’ “
and a big and
line of fly nets,

2.45 up
4.25 up

complete
lap robes,

and horse goods and har¬
ness findings of all kinds at
correspondingly low prices. WE OX
ANTEEOXJIt HARNESS ONE TEAK
and ship at onr own risk, subject to cus¬
tomers approval. For your own good
get our harness entnlog before buying
and see our astonishingly low prices, liberal termB, long
time guarantee and safe delivery guarantee which pro¬
tects customers absolutely against loss. Write to-day.

John M. Smyth Co • Madison St., Chicago

HARNESS

We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue P and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CO., 0 Lake St. , Onego, Tioga Co. , N . Y.

60-DAY TRIAL OFFER

WRITE US
ABOUT IT!

WYOMING RUNABOUT, No. 250 R.

EX CASH

All the latest improvements. Strictly first-class material and finish. Manufactured in New York
State, where the finest carriages are built. Send us your sample order.

ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

t WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tir. on . $7.25

With Rubber Tire., $16,00. I mfg. wheel* H to 4 In.
treed. Top Buggiei, $28.75 : Harness, $8.60. Wrlto for
catalog. Learn how to bnydlreet. Repair Wheel. $>.60.
W agon Umbrella FIU££- W.R. BOOB, Clnclaaatl. Q,

Only half usual quantity neces¬
sary. Pratts Harness Soap.

MadebyPrattFoodCo.,Phila. Over 30 years old.

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

E.-R. & H. J. Welcher, Newark, N.Y.

^/752 for Your
Influence

If You Act Nov/I

$325°

WE are ambitious to break all records in the
sale of Pleasure Vehicles. Here is the
way we ore going about it: To the first
600 who clip out our advertisements and
send to ns with SI as an evidence of good faith we
will make an astonishing price concession on this
fine S50 buggy. We will let you have it for $32.50.
You can save S17.50 if you act at once, as the $1 will
hold the offer open until you have time to look
over our complete catalogue, which we mail the
day we receive your request. In this catalogue
you will find Buggies. Driving Wagons, Road
Wagons, Phaetons, Stanhopes, Surreys and Spring
Wagons— over 100 styles. It er plains our SPECIAIi
OFFER, whereby you can select any vehicle you
want and have it shipped to your depot for inspec¬
tion, without sending us any more cash.

We will let you decide gust how you want the
vehicle finished, trimmed, etc. We will return
your SI if the buggy doesn’t suit. Should you wish,
you can use the vehicle on our One Full Month’s
Free Trial Plan without sending us any more
money. Will you give us your influence for $17.60?
If so, send in your $1 to reserve a $50 buggy now.
THE MODEL CARRIAGE Jk HARNESS CO.
171 W. Sixth St-, Cincinnati, O.

s

AVE YOUR BACK

Save time, horses, work
and money by using an

I Electric Handy Wagon

Low wheels, broad tires. No
living man can build a better.
Book on ' 'Whee 1 Sense” free. “

Elictrlc Whei’Co. Bi 88. Quincy, III.

5AW MILL MACHINERY

THE

American Line

■ combines highest quality with lowest price. Most

■ work with least power. All sizes Portable Mills, Eel g-
I era, Trimmers, Planers, Lath and Shingle Mills, etc.
| A complete storehouse of wood workers' machinery

Fine book, telling all, FREE.

[Am. Saw Mill Mich. Co.. 610 Engineering Bldg. Net York.

RUBER0ID

Is and has been for
14 years thestand-
ard of roofing
quality.

It was the first weather-proof and elas¬
tic ready-to-lay roofing placed upou
the market and there is more of it in
use to-day than of any other roofing.
Contains no tar or paper. Will not
melt, rot or tear. Highly fire-resisting.
Outlasts tin, iron and shingles. Send
for samples and Booklet ”K.”

Have you seen

RUBER0ID RED ROOFING?

A permanent roofing with
a permanent color
THE STANDARD PAINT CO.,
Sole Manufacturers,

100 William St., New York

376

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 6,

uralisms •

►

r ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ v ▼ «>

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Growing Spruce from Seeds. — A year
ago we sowed about half the contents
of a packet of Colorado Blue spruce
seeds, partly in well-prepared soil in a
frame, and partly in an ordinary plant
flat or box, containing three inches of
sandy surface soil from the woods. The
packet costs 25 cents, and contained pos¬
sibly half an ounce of seeds. Prepara¬
tions were made to sow the remainder
of the seeds in flats of similar soil, but in
the interval they were eaten by an ener¬
getic mouse that passed by an abundant
store of melon and cucumber seeds to get
at this forest dainty. Mice are particu¬
larly fond of conifer seeds and seedlings,
as will be seen later, and this trivial inci¬
dent is mentioned only to warn amateur
planters of evergreens always to be on
guard against these destructive rodents.
The soil in the frame was deeply forked,
and a thin coating of very fine old ma¬
nure raked in. The seeds were broad¬
cast so as to lie about an inch apart,
and covered with roadside sand, to which
had been added a shovelful of soil from
under an established White pine tree,
sifted over so as barely to cover them.
The seed bed was then very thoroughly
soaked with water through a fine rose
and covered with moist halving until the
seedlings began to come up, three or four
weeks later. The seeds in the flat re¬
ceived the same treatment, except that
no attempt was made to inoculate the
woods soil with the organism supposed
to be acceptable to our native conifers.
Germination was very high; about every
seed appeared to produce a plant, but
perhaps 50 per cent failed to develop be¬
yond the seed leaves or cotyledons, of
which there are several, and a small num¬
ber perished from a damping-ofif fungus.
The others grew7 very well, the tallest
attaining by Fall quite three inches in
height, with several side buds, and the
smallest less than an inch, but with a
single plump terminal bud. The trees m
the flat, having more congenial soil and
the advantage of glasshouse protection in
their early life, made a better average
growth, a few reaching quite four inches
in height. Considerable attention was
given these seedlings, to apply water
freely without compacting the soil, and
to give moderate shade from hot sun¬
light. Thin burlap, tacked over the glass
of ordinary hotbed sash, the whole sup¬
ported several inches above the frame to
allow free circulation of air, answered
very well, and afforded good protection
from dashing rains, to which evergreen
seedlings are quite susceptible when in
their tender early stages. Weeding was
carefully done at frequent intervals, an
old steel-tined table fork proving the
handiest implement to uproot the in¬
truders without endangering the spruces.
When the seedlings began to harden in
midsummer the sashes were removed, and
not again replaced until the soil was well
frozen in December, when they were fas¬
tened down, leaving the width of one sash
vacant at south end of frame to allow the
freest ventilation. This vacancy was later
partially filled with Eulalia straw, which
answered well to keep out drying winds,
while allowing enough snow to eddy in
to prevent the soil among ti e spruces
from drying out, but later turned out a
nuisance by harboring a pair of Deer
mice that showed their appreciation of
the situation by lining their nest with
about 50 of the choicest seedlings, quite
consistently choosing the tallest and blu¬

est of the little trees. Except for this
mishap they wintered well, and we have
now something over 350 promising seed¬
lings, of which 42 are growing in the
14 x 24-inch flat. The flat was kept near
a window in an unheated cellar, exposed
to cold enough to freeze the soil, and
brought all its contained seedlings
through without loss until the middle of
February, when they were placed in a
mild greenhouse, and have already made
growths of three to five inches.

Handling Young Conifers. — It is our
intention to allow the little spruces to re¬
main in seed bed and flat another season,
and transplant the survivors in early May
of next year to a nursery bed six feet
wide, setting them 14 inches apart each
way. Old stable manure will be dug in
as a fertilizer and a mulch of straw or
marsh hay will be needed the succeeding
Winter. The young trees will likely re¬
main in this nursery bed three years, after
which they may be transplanted to nurs¬
ery rows, three by four feet, to remain
until they develop into characteristic
young specimens. This is slow work, but
time passes whether trees are planted or
not, and there is much interest in car¬
ing for these forest foundlings. The
Colorado spruce is much in demand, and
is in reality pla ted more freely than
it should be if other highly desirable
conifers are not to be neglected. The
blue or glaucous tinted specimens, of
which we may expect from five to 15 per
cent from selected seeds, are most at¬
tractive when well placed in mixed plant¬
ings, while the green-leaved ones are at
least equal to many other pine species
in color effect, but the habit is too stiff
and rigid to be very desirable for soli¬
tary planting. In association, however,
with other evergreens of contrasting out¬
line they make ver good a. pearance.
The merits of Colorado spruce, aside
the rich and unique coloring of selected
trees, arc its slow and compact growth,
adapting it for small grounds, and ex¬
treme hardiness. V. hen fairly established
it is seldom injured in the slightest de¬
gree by stress of weather, and does not
even take on the shriveled and distressed
look of the Norway spruce and other ex¬
otic pines during extreme freezes. Near¬
ly all our desirable conifers may be
grown from seeds as readily as this
spruce — most of them are far more rapid
and certain in development. We have
gone into detail to impress on beginners
the essentials in the care of conifer seed¬
lings — fine, light st ’d bed, inoculated, if
possible, with soil from underneath pines,
spruces or hemlocks, light covering, care¬
ful watering to avoid hardening the soil,
light shade, careful weeding and protec¬
tion from dashing rains, as well as from
too much ice, snow, heaving frosts or dry¬
ing winds in Winter, and, above all, from
mice, as the losses of conifer seedlings
from the latter cause by foresters and
nurserymen are quite distressing. The
well-know'n evergreen nurseries of R.
Douglas’ Sons, Waukegan, Ill., one Win¬
ter suffered a lc,ss from mice in White
pine seedlings alone of $5,000 before their
work became apparent by the melting of
the snow. Seeds may easily be guarded
from vermin, but the onb- practical meth¬
od of protecting seedlings during Winter
appears to be trapping or poisoning the
mice before depredations are begun. The
former is quite difficult and uncertain,
but the pests may be poisoned fcy sprink¬
ling in the runways or ill protected places
about the frames or under the mulch a
few grains of w'heat or corn that have
been previously soaked in a solution of
strychnine. A very effective formula is
three quarts wheat or corn, one-twelfth
ounce strychnine sulphate, one-half pound
brown sugar and one quart of water. The
water should be moderately heated and
the strychnine and sugar thoroughly dis¬
solved. When nearlv cool the wheat nr
corn is put in and allowed to soak two
days, by which time it will have ab¬
sorbed about all the water. The grain is
then completely dried and used when
needed. Caution is always 'necessary
in storing and in using such poisoned
grains, that poultry and birds do not get
at them as well as the mice. A careful
user will be able to control the pest with¬
out accident, but a bungler may cause
much harm.

Evergreen Seedlings by Mail. — The
R. N.-Y. has frequently reported success
in planting one and two-_ ear conifer
seedlings bought from nurseries at a mod¬
erate price and shipped by mail. . Three
years ago we received a package con¬
taining 50 two-year hemlock spruce, cost¬

ing $1. The little fellows had been care¬
fully packed and came in good condition.
They were at once planted in good gar¬
den soil, a foot apart, well watered and
shaded until established. They made
a slight growth the same season, and
a much better one the succeeding
year. To test their hardiness in an ex¬
posed situation no protection whatever
was given them. Accident and heaving
by fror the first Winter reduced the
number to 35, but such a vigorous
growth was made the third year that
we were able to carry out a cherished
plan of planting a hemlock wind-break
70 feet long on the north side of a poul¬
try run. It is true these little ever¬
greens, the tallest of which is little over
two feet high, will not afford much pro¬
tection for several years, but they are now
in place and at a most trifling outlay of
money. Two prominent evergreen nur¬
series advertising ii. The R. N.-Y. offer
these dollar mail collections, containing
from 2~ to 100 seedlings, according <o
variety, almost every one cf which will
grow if intelligently planted and cared
for. The advantage over seeds is the
saving of one or two years’ time and the
dispensing with the extreme care needed
for delicate seedlings. w. v. F.

Soaking Potatoes. — In reference to soak¬
ing seed potatoes in formalin for preventing
seal), I can speak from experience. Two
years ago I soaked both the early and late
potatoes at the same time; and, although the
late ones were not planted for six weeks after
the early ones. I could detect no injury.
There were about 20 bushels of them, and
they were thrown in flat pile after soaking.

New Hamburg, N. Y. c. e. w.

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

Air is four-fifths nitrogen. LET BACTERIA
BATHER IT FOR YOU. Inoculate your soil and
seed with NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.
Safe and easy— atfyone can do it. Used on alfalfa,
clover, peas, sweet peas, cow peas, beans, etc. One
treatment lasts for years! Half acre package $1 ;
one acre $1.50. Send for circular.

Vermont Soil Inoculation and Seed Co.

43 Colchester Avenue, Burlington Yt.

IF YOU WANT

BIO CROPS

Send for our free booklet, "Science Applied to Agri¬
culture.” It will enable you to

Double Your Profits

0SB0RNE=RISKE CO., P.0. 1459, N. Y. City

When yon write advertisers mention The
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“a square deal." See guarantee, page 14.

- _ —

Rrnu/n’e Faction
DlOWn S COMPRESSED

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world, hand and power, including the
famous “Auto-Spray.”

8tnd for Catalogue.

E. C. Brown Co., 268 State St., Rochester, N.Y.

A

WITH THE

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The only hand pump having a me*
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brush for keeping the suction strainer
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Brass Sprayers Last Longest

And Are The Cheapest To Buy.

Price $3.60 and upward. Make your labor and Invest¬
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plant diseases which cause so much loss. -These sprayers
may also be used for applying whitewash and cold water
paints, spreading disinfectants, cleaning wagons, curing
surface diseases on cattle, chickens, and many other
purposes. Sprayers may be returned at our expense if
they are found defective. Send for catalogue.

IIAYTON SUPPLY CO., Payton, Ohio.

SAVE TREES BEFORE DISEASED

by spraying, and thus add to your profits. Use THE
PERFECTION SPUAYEU for all Insects and fungi.
Sprays everything. Saves its cost in one season.
Combined hand and horse power. Catalogue FREE.
THOMAS PKPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

“FUMA

kills Prairie Dogs,
’ Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
‘‘The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.’’ 8o the weevil, but you can stop

““Wa “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”.TS

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

Bowker’s

Insecticides

are cheapest

ftpPAIIQP they are all ready to use by adding
uov water ; they do not waste time in mix¬
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foliage in spite of heavy rains, making repeated spray¬
ings often unnecessary, except to protect new growth ;
most important of all, however, they do the work, and
they work night and day. Many of them are made
upon government formulas, and all have the unquali¬
fied endorsement of practical men and experiment
station officials.

Disparene

is the only insecticide made
that will destroy both broods
of the codling-moth (see booklet). Enough for a large
orchard, $.4.25. Smaller quantities, |>i and 50 cents.

Our large handbook of insect pests and plant diseases is well
worth 50 cents, but we mail it to all interested parties FREE

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CINCINNATI

Hubbard’s “ Black Diamond” Fertilizers

Have producea the Pecord Hay Crops for the past fourteen years. Send for our Free Book,

it - - - - - „ -

HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS FOR 1005"

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY,

Middletown, Conn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

377-

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — About the middle of April
people laughed at me for saying we were to
have a late Spring. There wasn't a thing
for me to do hut keep quiet, for the air was
warm and the sun shining. I had figured
that the North was full of ice and snow, and
that, icebergs would float down — thus keeping
fhe north wind cold. It didn't look as though
there could be an iceberg on the face of the
earth, but I have learned among other things
to wait. All of a sudden the wind whipped
around cold until one would think there were
icebergs floating down the Hudson River.
The peach buds were just ready to swell
when that cold wave struck us, and it was
an anxious time, for ice nearly an inch thick
froze on the tubs. The buds were not open
enough to be damaged. This cold wave puts
our season back so that we are later than
usual after all. Our first Alaska peas were
planted this year on April 13 — three days
ahead of last year. The first potatoes were
planted April 20 — later than usual. Tree
planting is later, as the trees were late in
coming. 1 was afraid they would be too far
advanced, but to my surprise they were quite
dormant when fjiey finally came. This year,
instead of starting onions in the hotbed very
early for transplanting, we waited till April,
and started some in the hotbed and others
in rich spots of ground here and there. This
plan worked well last year. The onions
started outside were quite as large, though
not so early as those started in the hotbed.

The picture at Fig. 155, page 370, shows
how our fruit buds are crowded on the wood.
The trees are small and low down. They
were June buds planted in crowbar holes.
There is nothing like them for a show of
fruit anywhere in our section. Most of them
made about 18 inches of new wood last sea¬
son. and the buds are plump enough for any¬
body.

Thee Notes.— The chief business at Hope
Farm this year will be caring for the or¬
chards. We nave learned that by heavy
manuring and close planting of garden crops
on the lower part of the farm we can pro¬
duce as great, a value as we formerly did on
many acres of hillside. The latter is now
all in grass and trees. This year ought to
give us our first good returns from the young
trees, but we are not banking on it until It
comes. The crops for paying expenses while
the trees come on are strawberries, cherries,
onions, potatoes and peppers, with the sur¬
plus of other vegetables. We could sell a
good deal of hay if I did not want to leave
all the grass I can in the orchards around
the trees.

I have been criticised more or less for try¬
ing what is called the “Stringfollow" method
of handling trees — that is, close root-prun¬
ing, planting in small holes and mulching in
place of cultivation. My observation lias
made me believe that, by means of this plan,
or a modification of it, we may turn some
of our rocky and unproductive laud Into
profitable orchards. In view of the way
some of my own trees have acted I have been
unable to understand why the scientific men
made such fun of this practice or method. It
ilid me a lot of good to read Bulletin 157 of
the Ohio Experiment Station (Wooster, O.L
That bulletin contains an excellent account
of various peach orchards, showing how some
were killed. Among other things we are told
of Mr. Hadden, a peach grower, who has
tried to establish "'an orchard on good soil.
Read this:

"He cannot, however, get the trees be¬
yond the age of two years, when they sicken
and die from a disease that still abounds and
continues to spread, the young shoots grow¬
ing slender and weakly and the leaves nar¬
row, wiry and yellow, with curled, brown
margins, very like yellows indeed. The re¬
markable exception to this discouraging con¬
dition of things, and a striking example of
some strange and favorable force at work in
the midst of disaster, is found in a shallow,
broad-bottomed ravine coursing irregularly
through this part of the orchard. I.i the
cultivation of the orchard* the broad bottom
of this winding ravine has not and could not
have been broken because of the desperately
stony surface presented. So stony -is it that
no plowshare can gain an entrance, and the
plow has to be dragged over the rocky sur¬
face until the gravelly, more tillable soil at
either boundary is reached. As a result the
Blue grass has matted the ravine, seeming to
flourish as it gained possession of crevices
between the stones. In this "Blue grass bot¬
tom” of the ravine, also slightly mulched
with coarse material, such as mown weeds,
etc., every peach . tree planted is growing
clean, dark-foliaeed, vigorous and promising.
The contrast is so strongly and clearlv
marked as to be wonderful as viewed from a
slight elevation nearby.”

That talk is closely with my own experi¬
ence. I have a block of Carman peaches
growing on a rocky ledge with barely a foot
of soil, but well mulched, that are remarka¬
ble for vigor. Some of our scientific friends
will not only find it necessary to take a back
seat on this subject, but will have to stand
up.

Farm Labor In Florida. — I intend to be
as fair to Florida as possible by giving all

sides a hearing. Here is a note from a
northern hired man :

"I spent last Winter in Orange County,
Florida. I am a farm laborer in Western
*<ew York, and went south with I ho idea of
working as a laborer. 1 had considerable
trouble finding work. I walked 10 miles be¬
fore I struck a job. I asked for work where-
ever 1 thought there was something doing,
and finally I did strike a job picking oranges
at four cents a box. Well, I found it al¬
together different from picking apples. Rick¬
ing oranges is something like picking apples
off a thorn-apple bush, and as far as labor
is concerned it is like anything else; a green
or poor hand will work harder picking 18 or
20 boxes or barrels of oranges or apples than
an expert, would in picking 30 or 35 of the
same. I did not work at my job very long;
it would rain now and then, and one would l>e
put out of a job, and in the morning one
would have to wait until the dew would dry.
One would find days short for piece work. I
then hired out to what they call a farmer for
a dollar a uay, rain or shine. I liked the
work. It was drawing, packing and picking
oranges. I paid $4 a week board ; that, was
the cheapest I could get anywhere. A room
would cost from $1 up. I did not. hire a
room. I made my bunk in an old barn. It
was my first experience sleeping in a barn.

I do not advise any man from the North to
go South for work. I met several young lads
like myself, who had just money enough to
send them to the South and depended on
labor for a living and to make money enough
to return them. I met some that sent home
for money to come back with. I sold my
watch and chain to pay my way back. Well,
1 spent the Winter in the “Sunny South",
but give me the snowbanks in western New
York for mine.” ,T. G.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

Now some Florida man will probably start
up and say that this is a slur on his State,
but I think this story is accurate. There are
parts of Florida where it would be easier to
get work, yet I think it must be admitted
that Florida is not the place for a day labor¬
er. At the same time I have letters from
people who ask for help. The State is not
the best for a poor man, but rather for one
who has some little capital to carry him over.

More Alfalfa. — It is an off day that
doesn’t, bring us several letters about Alfalfa.
A Virginia man says he has a piece of ground
that he wants to seed in the late Summer or
early Fall of 1906.

“I expect to cover the ground with stable
manure this Spring (the ground is now in a
heavy Timothy sod), so that all of the weed
seed will sprout before next year. I do not
expect to mow the Timothy, but will graze
very hard instead. The soil consists of about
six inches of rather a sandy loam, and a sub¬
soil of red clay.”

I don't believe you will get much Alfalfa
by turning over a Timothy sod. Weed seeds
will keep on sprouting for five or six years,
and the grass in that old sod will kill out
your Alfalfa. I should want to follow some
cleaning crop like corn or potatoes, so as to
have most of the grass and weeds cleaned
out. If you can start a year ahead with
Alfalfa a good way is to put corn on the sod.
and follow with rye, using lime on the rye.
Plow rye under in Spring, fit the soil well
and seed to Alfalfa. Do not make the mis¬
take of thinking that the weed seeds in
manure spread broadcast on sod will- sprout
in one year. As well expect that we have
escaped all the evil habits of our grandpar¬
ents. I should use 20 bushels of air-slaked
lime per acre, either with rye as mentioned
above or at the time of seeding. I have a
piece of ground that, was in squashes last
year. About the middle of May I expect to
plow it and sow Japanese millet. This will
be cut before August 1, the land plowed
again, well limed, and seeded to Alfalfa, using
soil from the other Alfalfa field. Having
succeeded in making at least some of the
Alfalfa grow I intend to help spread it
through our neighborhood. If I get the
plants up to their best growth I would like
to dig up several good ones and nail them to
a board at the front of the farm. That
ought to be equal to a sign reading: "This
way from the miller’s pocketbook !" I be¬
lieve that the general introduction of Alfalfa
into any good farm neighborhood will increase
farm values and make better citizens. I
have heard people ask what good can possibly
come from studying about bacteria and ail
such things. When you get a man to try to
study out some principle of his business you
help the man in all ways. You make him
keener, broader and more receptive of in¬
formation. When you think of how little the
average man can give to society, and how
much he must take from it, you see how we
must imitate the sponge rather than the
clothes wringer. All this talk about bacteria
has taught many of us to have faith in what
we could not see or clearly understand. We
need faith about as much as we need any¬
thing. _ h. w. c.

Silo Advantages. — I have no silo, but
have been watching my neighbors who have
silos and shall build this Fall. I have in¬
vestigated my neighbors’ who have been us¬
ing them for two and three years, and am
satisfied that it: is a good and cheap way of
feeding cattle and sheep, even where brew¬
ers’ malt may be had with short haul. My
judgment on the matter of feed is that with
Alfalfa and a well-filled silo we can produce
milk, mutton and beef at small cost. .t. f.

drove City, Pa.

4 per cent

on your savings

People send us their sav¬
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partly for safety; partly for
4 per cent.

SAFETY— THE CLEVELAND
TRUST COMPANY has 48,000 de¬
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capital and surplus.

4 PER CENT — send for booklet
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cent on savings deposits and how you
can Bank by Mail.

Be Sure of Your Bank

Zb e

Clevelanb
Zx ust Company

CLEVELAND OHIO

containing plenty of Potash. All
vegetables require a fertilizer con¬
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Potash

Without Potash no fertilizer is-com-
plete, and failure will follow its use.

Every farmer should have our valuable books
on fertilization— they are not advertising
matter booming any special fertilizer, but
books of authoritative information that means
large profits to tho farmers. Sent free for the
asking.

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9S Nassau Street, New York.

Land Rollers

Steel Frame, Steel Axle
Dust-Proof Boxes, Etc.

COMBINATION DRILL

IglL „

wheel cultivator. Send
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Send for Special Circular and Price List.

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NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track i ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow anew
cut forest. His Double-Actfon Cutaway Harrow keeps the laud
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Disk Pi o w cuts a f u rro w 5 to 10 i u. deep, -*■ ,14 In. wide

All these machines will kill witch- — JWK.

grass, wild muitard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle ,
any foul plant. Send forcir'lars. J
CUTAWAY HARROW CO„!

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

i !

i : :

: : 1

EQUITABLE

HENRY B.HYDB

J.W. ALEXANDER.
PRESIDENT

J.H.HYDF.

VICE PRESIDENT

TIME AND TIDE
WAIT FOR NO MAN

Every tick of the clock
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At the flood-tide of your
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An Endowment Policy in the
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Splendid opportunities for men of character to act as representatives.

Wfii» to CAGE E.TAR8EL 2 l°Vi« Prpsd.nl.

SEND THIS COUPON FOR PARTICULARS OR WRITE

The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 120 Broadway, New York,

Dept. No. 125.

Please send me information regarding an Endowment for $ . issued to a man.

• years of age.

Name. . . .
Address

378

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 6,

Live Stockand Dairy

HOGS WITH SKIN DISEASE.

I have several shotes and hogs that are
breaking out with a rash. I am feeding
separator milk, middlings, bran and a little
cornmeal. Is the feed the trouble, or Is It
a disease? If so, tell me what you can
about it. a. J.

Sherburne, N. Y.

The kind of feed for these hogs is. all
right, and should not cause this break¬
ing out, unless they are fed too high.
This latter is hardly probable, as much
of it is bought feed. A thrifty man is
not apt to feed too much, when he must
buy it. If A. T. had told something about
their sleeping quarters, doubtless I would
be able to arrive at once at the cause of
the trouble. I will suggest that they be
given a good scrubbing- with soft water
and soap. Then give them a good
sprinkling with some one of the coal tar
preparations, used for sheen dip vermin
exterminator and disinfectant. Then give
them clean, dry quarters and do notallow
them to nest and sleeo in manure. If
they have not had salt regularly, mix
some with wood ashes and put it where
they can always have access to it.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

DEATH OF BROOD SOW.

I have just lost a brood sow, due to far¬
row two days before. I watched her all the
time; she did not have much pain, but I
saw she was not right and when I examined
her I found she needed aid. I got five live
pigs but the sow died in about 10 hours after¬
wards. The sow was in fine condition ; I
have fed sweet apples, hominy and bran and
all the clover hay and charcoal she would
take, with lots of exercise, and she has been
in a warm barn all the while. What was
the cause and what can be done in such a
case? E. m. r.

New Woodstock, N. Y.

It is possible that E. M. R. was too
hasty in this matter, not waiting for
nature to do all she would. But I think
the whole story of the misfortune is told
in the sentence : “She has been in a warm
barn all the while”, being \ ell fed, and
I am sure she would not take the neces¬
sary exercise. The fact that there was no
action proves this. Had the sow had out¬
door exercise, and been compelled to root
in straw or other coarse litter for the
little grain she should hav^, and had a
small ration of laxative food, such as
bran and middlings, and clover leaves
softened by steeping in warm waiter, 1
do not think there would have been any
trouble. Unde normal conditions, with
proper surroundings, a sow seldom goes
wrong at this time. It is safe to say
that in 99 times out of a 100, when there
is a failure, it is the owner’s fault.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

LUMPY JAW IN HEIFER.

T have a heifer three years old that has
lumps on the side of her jaw that gather
and break, but do not seem to heal up.
What is good for the trouble? h. c. d.

Yates Co., Nl Y.

From your brief remarks it appears that
your heifer has what is known as actino¬
mycosis, or lumpy jaw, big jaw, etc. This
is a chronic infectious disease, character¬
ized by the formation of peculiar tumors
in various regions of the body, more par
ticularly the head, and due to the specific
action of a certain fungus. The disease is
not directly transmitted from one animal
to another, but it seems apparent that the
fungus is conveyed into the tissues by
various foodstuffs, through slight wounds
of the mucous membrane of the mouth,
decayed teeth or during the shedding of
milk teeth. The course of the disease is
quite slow. In most cases the disease
yields readily to proper treatment if began
in time but if the bone has been badly af¬
fected the best treatment is the ax. I
have seen a number of bad cases cured,
but a bunch remained. The treatment
until recently was almost entirely surgi¬
cal and not satisfactory, but since 1892
when the potassium treatment came into
practice the results have been remarkable.
Treatment ..t tne present time consists of
giving one to one and one-half dram of
iodide of potassium, once a d«y, dissolved
in water, and administered as a drench.
When weeping from the eyes cr loss of
appetite commence the medicine should
be discontinued for a few days, and again
repeated. The cure requires from three
to six weeks’ treatment. If there is any
chance of a cure it will take place in this
time, or at least show some improvement.

It is not. however, advisable, to adminis¬
ter iodide of potassium to milch cows as
it will considerably reduce the milk secre¬

tion, or stop it altogether. Furthermore,
a great part of the drug is excreted
through the milk, making it unfit for use.
Whether an animal effected with actino-
mvcosis should be used for human food
after the gert has been killed with the
potassium will depend on circumstances.
When, however, the disease is sufficiently
developed to cause large swellings and
abscesses which are freely discharging pus
and when the general health of the animal
is affected, the carcass should be con¬
demned. M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

Arctic Explorer (recounting adven¬
tures of his last expedition) : “We cer¬
tainly could l ave reached the Pole had
not our dogs given out at a critical mo¬
ment.” Fair Listener (breathlessly) :
“Why, I thought that the Esquimaux dogs
were perfectly tireless creatures.” Arctic
Explorer (gloomily) : “I— er — speak in a
culinary sense. Miss.” — Credit Lost.

L. IS. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Bon of Forfarshire out of Golden' Stream 8th,
Dorn Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.
or£Tew ch«ice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
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Sprcialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
£ILS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINOKCAS and
WHITE WYAND9TTES.

Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

n | q

^ B Registered Stock, pairs not akin*

Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Sendee
Boars. Best strains bred from

0 1 A Cloverdale Herd, Recorded Stock,

■ la Oi all ages Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Palls, N. Y.

0 1 A Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-

■ la Ua able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

O. I. O. Pig's

Registered Stock. March and April farrow- Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

P. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalia, N. Y.

ST RICTLY O. I- C.

Standard Bred Spring Pigs, for
sale now, sired by Busy Tom, the
great O. I. C. of to-day. M. L.
Bowersox, R.3, Bradford. Dk, Co, O.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES 5BS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mlcb

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshircs and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
inCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Springbanfc

Berfeshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. W%n an(j Sept. Boars,
and some fine J uly and Ang.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

FOR S A L E — 25 Scotch Collies, Cheap.
J.H. YANDEN BOSCH, Jr., K. D. 7, Auburn, N. Y.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A flnelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.

W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,

Junction City. Kentucky.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind„ Nashville, Tenn„ Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

Pourtli

ublic Sale

WE ARE BREEDERS OF

REGISTERED JACKS,
SADDLE HORSES,

_ .AND _

POLAND-CHINA HOGS'.

Write for what you want.
J. E. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky*

SYRACUSE, New York, June 8 and 9, 1905

This offering of 175 HEAD OF PURE BRED HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN CATTLE cannot but please all kinds of buyers.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshnnie, New Jersey
T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, New York.

STEVENS BROTHERS HASTINGS CO., Lacona, New York.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, New York.
H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, New York.

We wish all that are interested to have a Catalog. The largest and best we have ever issued.

ADDRESS

S. D. W. Cleveland, Sales Manager, Syracuse, N.Y.

60 GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS— 60

"VN rite for prices for best bred and finest BULL CAI^VES in America. Fine show animals one month
to one year old. Sire contains one-half the blood of Katy SPOFFOlil) CORONA, the World’s Champion

Heifer In her class.

S. C. WHITE
Long Distance

In private, official, show, and economic records she has no equal.
L LEGHORN'S, America’s leading strain for22 years. ENGLISH
’Phone. E. H. KNAPP &. S

BKKKSHIHKS
SON, Pabiua, N.

HOLSTEIN BULLS Jr

Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right
CHARLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N. Y-

r Sale

Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bull and Heifer Calves
from registered and record stock. Prices moderate.
Write promptly. W. W- CHENEV, Manlius. N. Y.

AT AUCTION

THURSDAY, MAY 11th. 1905

kf'

.Price

Spotswood Farm, Broad ku. Pa.,

RAIUtO AO JTA1IOH, AM KIH. »I*.*A. > :

roe CATALOGUE, AIADV MAT A. AOOAKSt!

PflTfeR C. KELLOGG, Auctionocf, 107 John St., New York.

fiffcrvx- Farm Holsteins.

First Spring Offering. Greatest Ever Yet Made!
Cn Registered Holstein-Friesian Cows, Cfl

w* . due this Spring . OU

$160 . Per head and upwards . $100

Cft Registered 2 year old Holstein-Friesian
OU ....Heifers, due to freshen next Fall... .DU

$90 Per head and upwards . $90

Q C Registered Holstein Friesian Bulls, AP

£v . ready for Immediate service .

THE BEST EVER OFFERED AT PUBLIC SALE.

$75 . Per head and upwards . $75

*¥ n Registered Male and Female Calves, some of
I U them grandsons and granddaughters of Aaggle
Cornucopia Pauline, Champion Cow of the world A
R. O.; seven day record, 34.31 pounds.

MA.K.O.Cowb, in calf to Aaggie Cornucopia
Pauline Count No. 29342; and Mercedes Julip's
Pletertje’s Paul, No. 29830; combined A. R. O. butter
records of dams, 63.03 poundsin 7 days, average per
cent, of fat 4.2.Greatestof any two bulls in the world
$50 ....Calves for $50 per head and upwards... $50
Records are Official. Greatest Opportunity Ever
Offered. Now Is the time to start a foundation herd.
Prices reasonable. Full guarantee on everything
Personal inspection Invited. Circulars will be sent
on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y

WHITE SPRINGS FARM.
„ GUERNSEY HERD. '

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANO
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310
Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. ol butter
in one year.-Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 476.2 lbs of but¬
ter in one year. Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs of butter
in one year. Lucretla 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

rI he herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed-
^or sa*e aH times, including the choicest
and bal1 Dcalves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair lor 1904 comprised 13
'V-ft an.d second prizes, and one chanipion-
°f entries. Prices very reasonable,
r or further information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N.Y.
Please mention Rvkai, New Yorker in writing.

frSioOtn sVrT 0M h?‘ferS f0T Sllle at

from *100 to *300, also several mature bulls.

REGIst’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
1 and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
i Collie Dogs and a variety of
1 35 Poultry. Come see my
■N stock and make your own
, - selections. Send 2c. stamp

Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

LAKELAND HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

BULLS ready for service, A. R. O. dams, breed¬
ing of ihe best.

YEARLING HEIFERS, In. calf by Mutual
Pietertje Paul.

A. R. O. COWS, of .good breeding and in calf
Write for particulars. WING It. SMITH, 37 and 38
Wleting Block, Syracuse, New York.

For Sale Cheap
HOLSTEIN BULL

Two-thirds White. Born Oct. 15. 1904 Sire, “Soldene
Clothilde Artis,” Sire of 8 tested daughters. Dam,
‘‘Felicia 3d,M 15 lbs. 15 oz. at 3 years. Avery large,
line cow. He will please you and you cannot afford
to use a grade at the price I wi 11 make.

Oakland Farm. T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport. N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY DULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

You Can Buy

A rich four months JERSEY BULLand a pair of five
months BERKSHIRE SOWS from my bargain coun¬
ter. i W. F. McSPARRAN, Furnlss, Pa.

RogiiHtoroci «T orsoys

9Helfers. 3 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert.”

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa

For your own sake buy a large hungry ANGUS
DULL whose ancestors haven't been over-fed, at
CLOVER BLOSSOM FARM, Port Austin, Mich,

FAR CAI c MALE and fe-
rwl\ OHLL MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs OI

trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Oincinnntus, N. Y.

Only for cows

Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

t e??ra,re klnd you Want write or come to see
them. Iz6 to select Irorn. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAR BULLS

For Sale at Farmers' Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large
Handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertpe, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of oyer 40 head.

»rid1Sllnue7' Frvxru1 90WS a,jd a number of Heifer
and Bull CALv ES from a lew months to a few
weeks old. I or particulars inquire

P. D. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or

K- Io?F?r,<cst Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed In Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rilton, Ulster Co.. N. V.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. 0. DRILL, Poughquag-, N. Y.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Opn-
thalmla, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARRY CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

1905.

379

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

WHITE’S POULTRY NOTES.
Black-head in Turkeys.

The last two or three years our turkeys
have hatchet! out finely, but when they get
well started to feather out they get sick,
their wings droop down, their heads turn dark
and they stand around for a day or so and
then die. The old ones are well and strong,
and the little ones seem strong and healthy
until they get well started to feather out.
Kansasville, Wis. j. c.

This is without doubt black-head, which
is a liver disease, and for which no rem¬
edy is known. It has driven all our tur¬
key raisers out of business here. It is
said to be the result of inbreeding, but
whether it is or not it is fatal to the tur¬
keys wherever it has a foothold.

Infection of Hens With Roup.

Can any of the readers of The It. N.-Y.
state if pullets will acquire roup by picking
the legs of a rooster introduced that has evi¬
dently partly recovered from the roup? The
pullets picked his legs as soou as he was put
in the coop, and they contracted roup in
about eight days. The rooster finally died
of the same disease, and my flock was per¬
fectly healthy before his Introduction.

Spruce Creek, Fa. m. s. h.

'I his question should be answered by
another. Why did M. S. H. put a male
partly recovered from roup in a flock of
healthy hens? Surely not for the purpose
of breeding, because no poultryman I
know of would breed from a male that
has had roup, even if. lie had entirely re¬
covered. There is very little known about
roup, although almost everyone who has
large flocks of hens has seen more or less
of it, and until we know more about it
our course with a roupy hen or cock is to
the block just as soon as we are sure what
is the matter with them. Hens will al¬
ways pick at another one if sick or scabby,
and any hen, if sick, or with a sore,
should be removed at once.

Sweet Corn for Hens.

Is sweet corn good for liens? We have
fed some through the Winter and they have
not laid satisfactorily. I have been told
sweet corn was not good for them. We have
the “Business Hen," but I do not find any¬
thing about it there. h. h. p.

Woedmont, Conn.

Corn is very .fattening, and sweet corn
is still more so, and although we have
never fed it here except in small quantities,
we do not see why it could not be fed
with good results if it was balanced up
with other feeds. We have fed sweet
corn mixed with other corn without no¬
ticing any difference in the egg produc¬
tion, but probably did not feed enough
materially to change the ration.

FLOYD Q. WHITE.

USTILAGO AS HEN MEDICINE.

On page 259 F. C. C. recommends the use
of “rstilago Maydis” for soft shelled and
double yolked eggs. Would It correct most
defects of the shell? lie tells dose, but does
not give strength of medicine to get.

Clinton Corners, N. Y. o. d. b.

Ustilago Maydis can be obtained from
any druggist in the tincture, or from any
homeopathic physician in two-grain tab¬
lets, the latter being used by dissolving 12
tablets in one pint of drinking water.

1 his remedy does not in any way obviate
the necessity for keeping shells and grit
before the fowls constantly. It is a medi¬
cine only. _ _ F. c. c.

DRESSING AND CARING FOR DUCKS

Can you advise me the best possible way
to remove feathers and down from ducks
after killing, and also how to feed and care
for young ducks? Mine are the Pekin.
Summit, N. J. j. a. s.

I have never found the best way to re¬
move feathers from ducks, but most of
the expert pickers pluck off all that can
readily be removed with the fingers and
then shave them off with a very sharp
knife, and it is surprising to the amateur
duck picker how quickly the expert will
dress a duckling all ready for market,
usually requiring from G to 10 minutes,
while the amateur will be likely to find
more feathers and down apparently grow¬
ing at the end of 20 minutes if he at¬
tempts to pluck them all out. Probably
the best food for young ducks is bread
crumbs moistened with milk for the first
few days, but fine cornmeal one part,

wheat bran two parts, with live per cent
coarse sand or fine grit will give good
results, mixed with water not wet enough
to make it sloppy or sticky, but just so
it will crumble nicely, and fed five times
daily for the first two weeks, after which
four times will answer. A small portion
of finely ground beef scrap should be
mixed with the feed the second or third
day, and gradually increased until io per
cent is reached by the time they are two
weeks old. Ducks must have plenty of
water for drinking and in vessels deep
enough for them to bury their bills or
the nostrils will become clogged.

J. e. s.

When you write advertisers mention Tiie
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

RAISE

SQUABS,?

PAYS

We can start you right. Our plant, the larg- i
est in America, ships the finest Squabs that I
reach the New York market, for whi<-h we re¬
ceive top prices. Our strain of Homers will do
as much for you. Better stock cannot be got- ,
ten at any price. Write for free booklet and
I learn something of this fascinating and renin- 1
| nerative business. ATLANTIC SQUAB CO.
Box K, Hammonton, N. i,

White Holland Turkeys

The kind that come home to roost. Eggs $3 50 m<r 9
stock after Nov. 1.

Ji. 0. Y AN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

LIGHT BRAHMA Jrforfifteem88’

C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston Four Corners, N. Y.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
■I Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan-
dottes, lt.C. Reds. McCain Co , B., Delaware, N.J.

Gov’s Ram>H Rnrlrc combine quantity,

uua & Ddrreu hocks quaiity ana utility.

Kinglet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed.
Lggs $1 per 15. J. YV. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

EJHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar-
■ » red & White Koeks.White and Silver Wyandot tes;
hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For BIRDS,
moderate prices, or EGGS to HATCH, Gc. each, write
WALTblR SHERMAN, 25 Boulevard, Newport, It. I.

S. C. K. I. KEDS, farm raised. Kggs from best hen,
$1 per fifteen. C. L. TURNER, Beeket, Mass.

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. (Hr. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Fa.

PLLSVVOKTH’S Choice White Wyamlottes, 15
Cm eggs $2. Henry W. Ellsworth, Portland, Conn.

White Wyandotte Eggs

ing. Result— every breeder a pure silver white. 1027
eggs from 70 in March. H. J. Lloyd, Wyalusing, Pa.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY

Eggs for hatching from good stock, $1 per 13, $5 per
1UU. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New York.

UIHITE YV YAN DO 1 TES EXCLUSIVELY -
H HAWKINS AND DUSTIN STRAINS. Eggs $1
for fifteen. E. L. KING, Minerva, Ohio.

YVYANDOTTES, 400 layers, bred for
W W laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $1.50 per 15; $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival
guaranteed. E. H. DkMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

Ualley View Poultry Farm, Bellovllle, Pa. Bronze and Wild
* Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

f%ftr.Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.

II I?erreLsi etc. Eggs a specialty. CO p. book, 10c.
W V Rates free. J A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

BRED FOR EGGS — Our Barred Rocks 1 ay 256 to
DflCU run CUUO. 278 eggs a year. Pricelist
with facts about better methods in Breeding. Hatch¬
ing and Feeding free. F. GRUNDY. Morrlsonville, 111

EGGS FOR HATCHING.— S. C. White Leg¬
horns a specialty. YVyckoff, Van Dresser Strain.
Stock large and vigorous, farm raised, free range
northern grown, disease unknown. $1, 15; $3, 50; $5
100 eggs. S. Gordon, Dunn Farm, Chazy, New York!

EGGS for hatching, from Rose Comb Buff Leghorns.
Rose tomb Brown Leghorns and Silver Pencilled
Wyandottes. A. S. BEEKMAN. South Branch, N.J.

Cf5ftC Single Comb White Leghorn Eggs. Healthy
tUHO selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15- $4
per 100. I). F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

E}GGS for hatching. $1 for fifteen; $1 for 50; $5 for

100. Stock as good as the best; each variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Eggs carefully packed: orders promptly filled. White
Wyandottes; Buff and White Plymouth Rocks: R. C.
Brown, Rose and Single Comb White Leghorns;
Aneonas; Black and White Minorcas.

Otselic Farms, Whitney’s Point, N. Y.

Wafpr fil/IQQ for preserving eggs. Endorsed
IlUiCI Uldoo by agricultural papers. Gallon can
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at Now York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs. $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41. Weedsport, N. Y.

Rose Comb W. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Kggs $1 for l v S3
for 50; $5 for 100. L. C.H1LLS, Delaware, Ohio

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks *12.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

S. C, BROWN LEGHORNS SsSSB:

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
iourteenyears. Eggs, $1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
Bl SH, ii, No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

A quick poultry fattener
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt I' oodCo., Pliila. Over 30 years old.

A POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

When Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

-When Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bax P.D. Jamesburg, N. J.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

A For a 50-Egg Hot Water,
Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
$3 for 50-chick brooder. Only $7.50

for complete outfit. 30 days9
trial, bend for FREE catalogue.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Spkingfield, Ohio.

No agent’s
profits to pay.

? I A«80 For )

I ™ 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

OEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III

F pntrin I 10‘ht complete Incubator or Brooder
Uibumu klglll Outfit. $1. Write for description,
etc. THE TROY ELECTRICAL CO., Troy, N. Y.

WiAAAMa;

POULT R Ye^hfe

“(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — J
, it’s our business. Call or let us send you 5
, our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
(asking — it's worth having.

lExcelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,i

■JDept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City.t

OOOCOOOQQQQGCKX}OOOOOOOQOC<

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are In these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE EAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of “What is a
I averolle!” They are free.

T J. II. S1MONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks. $1.50 to $2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents amt $1.15 for 11; ana $0 and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns art) the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings, 80 cents and $1 for thirteen; ami $5 and $0 per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity New York City,
8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut Of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONNIE 11KAK, New Rochelle, N. Y.

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING. PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

Imperial Pekin Duck Eggs

75c. for IO. H. A. BRATTIN, Brazil, Indiana'

JLf ABLE Villa Poultry Yards. Be sure to place order
from guaranteed stock. Single and Rose, B. and
W. Leghorns. B’r’d, Buff and W. Rocks, Golden and W.
Wyan., Silver Hamburgs, Rose Andalusians. Minor-
cas,aud Aneonas. W. G. Mosher, Sylvania, Henna.

S. C. W, LEGHORNS

FRED KEYERLEBER, Box 71, Euclid, Ohio.

S. C. W. LEGHORNS

Van Dresser Strain; Barred Rocks Ringlet Strain,
$1 for 15. F. H. COOK1NGHAM, Cherry Creek. N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding "Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

WEIGHT AND STRENGTH

Is absolutely necessary ina wire fence, to give lasting
service. The Frost contains these essentials, and
with the new metal binding, it will last three times
as long as ordinary wire fence.

THE FROST WlftE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

When you write advertisers mention Tnu
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE

A Fence — Not a Netting

An unique combination of strength, economy,
utility and durability.

We make the wire from highest quality ma¬
terial, galvanize it heavily- with new prime
western spelter and weave into fence.

The cables are two steel wires twisted to-
go ther; the pickets are single wirest tightly
locked where they cross cables by tho patented

Union Lock."

I lie mesh, IB x 2 at bottom and gradually
increasing to 4 x 8 at the top, successfully pre¬
vents escape of chickens, small or large. No top
rail or bottom boards required, and less than the
usual number of posts.

Testimonials prove that Union Lock Fence
wears better and longer than any other fence or
netting and is more satisfactory.

“Is Poultry Raising Profitable The

Popular Breeds in America Food and
Feeding of Poultry’’— “Hatching and Raising
Chicks’’— “ Poultry House*’’— “A Few Sug¬
gestions About Poultry Fencing” — are the
titles of the chapters in the new and enlarged
edition of our booklet D — “ A Short Story for
Poultry Raisers. ” It is more than interesting
— it is valuable. We will be pleased to send it to
you upon request.

Union

Fence

Company

114 Liberty St.,
New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Ct. ; Dekalb, Ill.; Oakland, Cal.

Heavy Farm Fencing

The only heavy woven wire fence made In
the fuctory ready to stretch. All other heavy
fences are built In the Held. Patent galvan¬
ized clamp makes a perfect joint. Can not
rust or slip. No twisted, strained wires or
weak uprights. Easily stretched. Cheapest
because it lasts a lifetime. Get our free
catalog.

The Boley Wire Fence Co., Sandusky, Ohio.

Union lock

Willry
Anting

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can't slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Finemeshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft. A poultry fenco
for all fowls that does not sag.

Wo «oll direct to Farmer* and Poultryman.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main SI., Colchester, Conn.

“TRUTH CRUSHED

to earth shall rise again." So
will Puge Fence. Heavy trees have
fallen across Page Fences crushing
them to the earth, but as soon as the
weight is removed they spring right
back to place. Write for evidence.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box »i>~ Adrian, Mich.

lf— 11 :l '' " What everybody needs

A Strong Iron Gate

At Price of Wood.

Any length made to order.
We make a specialty of
FARM AND LAWN FENCING. Agents Wanted.
We sell at Agents price where we have none.

Challenge Fence Co., TJnion Deposit, Pa.

FOR SALE

STEEL FENCING, 10c per rod, while it lasts.
Rochester Radiator Co., 2458 State St., Rochester, N.Y

ANCHOR FENCE

Built on the most ap¬
proved plan, and of
material that gives
lasting service Send
for Catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO , Cleveland , Ohio.

/yji

48-in. stock fence per rod only “ s**
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog offences, tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

Poultry

Barred Plymouth Rocks,

For Pleasure and Profit

SIX BREEDS— the best by test.
S. C. White Leghorns, White Wy-
i>i hiulottes, White Plymouth Rocks,
Black Mmoreas. Light Brahmas.

Exhibition Matings, $5 for 12; $10 for 36.

Laying Matings, $2 for 12; $8 for 100.

ANGORA GOATS gtf&SSinSSof

c , . Bucks, Does and Kids.

Selected Does due to kid in April. $15 to $30 each. These Goats are
easily raised and sold; are affectionate and fine pets. New illustrated catalogue free.

Elm Poultry Yards

Y.

(Established 1888.)

Hartford, Conn.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

May G,

38o

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.
Trouble in Churning.

I have several cows which have caused me
considerable worry. Their milk will not
churn into butter ; it simply comes to a thick
froth like whipped cream. Last Summer they
ate green apples, getting them nearly
every day, many times becoming “drunk," as
it is termed in this place. Can you inform
me what is wrong with the milk? Do you
think new grass will help It? The cows are
well fed (good hay and wheat middlings).

Milton, N. .T. w. M. H.

Cream made from cows that have had
too many apples is apt to be “off” ; some¬
times stringy, sometime foams, and is not
normal. Generally, however, when cows
get straightened around it is all right
again. If your cows are strippers the
trouble may be there, or if cream has
been frozen or you are trying to churn at
too low a temperature either of these
might be the cause. If cream is properly
ripened and you churn at 60 or 62 de¬
grees you ought not to have trouble. Are
your cows salted daily or frequently? I
have known a good many churn troubles
cured by regular, frequent salting.

Winter Fodder for Cows

What shall I grow this season to feed my
cows next Winter for best results in cream?
My main crop will be corn, oats, potatoes,
wheat, rye, clover and Timothy hay. Shall
I add sugar beets, or mangels or sow sweet
corn, or rely mostly on cotton-seed meal?

Kent Co., Mich. v. a. s.

If you have not less than 10 cows, by all
means have a silo. Its advantages have
been taught for years. I know of no
crop that can equal corn for this purpose,
and should hardly know how to run our
dairy without it. Silos can be well built
now that are inexpensive, neat and dur¬
able, and there is a feeling of contentment
that comes over one who has a silo well
filled with good com. The job is done,
no husking with cold fingers, no storing
of corn or taking to mill when toll runs
from s to 15 cents per 100. No wet,
moldy fodder, no corn butts in the manger
or manure. Instead, a food relished by
the cow, healthful and a great milk pro¬
ducer. Plan to feed 30 to 40 pounds daily
and plan for at least eight months’ feed¬
ing, and if you have enough for 10
months you will not be sorry. With good
silage twice daily and early-cut clover or
oat hay once a day, and a grain ration
of equal parts bran, ground oats and cot¬
ton-seed meal, from six to eight pounds
on an average daily, you are in position
to make milk in an economical manner,
and milk that will have cream upon it.
Cut up the rye straw short, half inch or
less, for bedding. Sell the Timothy hay.
It is not a good milk producer. I should
not try to raise sugar beets or mangels
when I had a silo. h. g. Manchester.

ADVANTAGES OF THE MULE COLT.

The mule colt matures earlier, hence
is marketable gooner than the horse
colt, thus saving nearly two years’ feed
and handling. A two-year-old mule will
do as much work as a four-year-old colt,
and he benefits by it, if properly handled.
It costs less to raise mule than horse colts
or other ordinary stock ; mules eat less
than horses, steers or cows ; a steer at
three years of age is worth from $40
to $60, and has eaten as much as a pair
of mules worth from $300 to $500. A
good average cow will consume as much
food as a pair of mules during three
years, and you may have cleared on her
$300 (and how many do this?). The
mules are not only worth more, but have
given little care or trouble. Feed to
mules as much food as you feed to hogs
during three years and it will net you
more profit and with less risk of loss.

Mule colts meet with fewer accidents
than horse colts; they instinctively avoid
holes and dangerous places; they have,
ordinarily, few if any, blemishes when
mature and their value is not decreased
by blemishes to the .ame extent as horses.
As compared with the horse when grown,
mules can stand more hardship than
horses can ; they can stand heat better,
and do not sweat as easily; they eat

less than horses, consuming on an aver¬
age only one-half as much grain while
doing the same work ; they can masticate
rougher food; in the absence of hay I
have known them to thrive on the ma¬
terial furnished for their bedd.ng. The
demand for mules is constantly increas¬
ing. The opening up of the Panama
Canal will require thousands of mules;
the drifting of capitalists into the terri¬
tories acquired by the Spanish-American
War has resulted in the starting of large
sugar plantations and tobacco tracts,
Mules can thrive in these islands, where¬
as horses cannot stand the climate. Ten
million dollars has been left in the United
States lately by European governments
for army mules, Great Britain taking the
largest number.

Mules are steadily increasing in value;
our Government paid an average price
of $72.73 for them in 1898; in 1904 it
paid an average price of $160.85 per head.
J. L. Jones, superintendent of the jack
and mule department at St. Louis
World’s Fair, gave it as his opinion that
if we can increase the value of horses
in this country to the value of mules, the
country will be richer by $150,000,000.
Mules are scarce, and high in price, ow¬
ing to so many having been bought .’.p
and shipped out of the country; there
never was a better time than the present
for the farmer to raise mules. The mule
takes its size (principally) from the mare,
Percheron and Norman mares ranking
first in value for this purpose. A pair
of mules recently sold in Chicago for
$700 were out of Norman mares weighing
over 1,700 pounds each, and were sired
by a jack barely 15 hands high (jack
measure) ; this is only an instance of
what large mares will do when bred to a
medium-sized jack. I am not in the
jack business; I have 12 mares that I
shall have bred to my black Spanish jack
(the only one I own) this season, but I
have guaranteed to my neighbors a. stand¬
ing offer of $50 for each mule colt as
soon as weaned (sired by my jack) if
foaled by a mare weighing not less than
1,400 pounds. I may pay more than $50
after seeing the foal, but guarantee that
amount, but, candidly, I do not expect
many of my neighbors to accept this very
moderate offer, as they are becoming
fully alive to the value of the mule foil,
as it the ambition of most of them to
own at least one good team of working
mules as indispensable adjuncts to this
Alfalfa region in harvesting the crops.

I consider that it would pay any farmer
owning 10 or a dozen mares to own a
jack; a good one is little trouble, and
easily handled; the purebred black Span¬
ish jacks ranking in my estimation first
in value. The patronage of his neighbors
who do not own enough mares to war¬
rant their owning a jack will soon pay
the jack’s cost, and after that he will be
a source of profit. “Why are not more
mules raised?” Simply because in most
localities there are no jacks to breed to.
It is a mistake to think that any scrub,
worn-out mare is good enough to breed
to a jack; the best mares in the country
are not too good to use in raising mules.
The better the mare the better the mule,
and a good mule is a prize to the farmer
rearing it ; in my opinion it would pay
to use purebred Percheron, Norman or
Clydesdale mares for the purpose; al¬
though any ordinarily good mare weigh¬
ing 1,400 pounds or over, should, if bred
to a good jack, have a good mule foal.

CHARLES I. MUNDY.

Kittitas Co., Wash.

Higher MTi.k Standard.- — We opposed the
Cowan milk bill, because we are aware that
much of the njilk produced in the State
would be below the 3.3 standard, especially
during the Spring and Summer. We remem¬
ber testing milk in a cheese factory where a
small per cent of it would reach 3.3. These
dairies were common and grade cows, and not
much of any Holstein blood. So it is not
Holstein breeders alone who oppose this bill.
No doubt the quick action of the New York
State Hdlstein Club did much to kill (his
bill, but many Granges in northern New York
voted against the bill. We think if they
would pass a bill making it a misdemeanor to
skim the milk after it leaves the farmer they
would pretty near get at the great evil of
poor milk for the cities. Label the milk as
we do the cheese, “Full Cream.”

Adams, N. Y. s. mather & sons.

5

Se

rS

The Separator News

Did you think all separators were
1 alike— that any kind was good enough
| — that makers of bucket bowl separa-
I tors would tell you their machines are |
poor? Some dairymen have thought
so— have dropped a bunch of money
that way. But you’ll not if you in*
vestigate— read The Separator News —
learn that

Separators are Vastly Different

A cow’s leg and tail may look alike,
but they’re very different. One is good
for suppqrt— the other to swipe your
f ace in fly time.

SEPARATORS are just
as different. The
Separator N ewstells
how, tells it plainly,
tells why Tubulars
are best, appeals to
1 your judgment. Tu-
I bulars recover more
butter fat — skim
twice as clean by
official tests. It’s the.
only simple bowl\]
separator. The Sep¬
arator News tells
about separators— is i ssued periodical¬
ly— subscription free. Write for it
and catalog No. C-153.

Sharpies Co.
Chicago, Illinois

P. M. Sharplaa
West Chester, Pa.

A Perfect Machine

The Reid Hand Separator Iebullt^^W andeffectJ

ivencsR. No (standing on tip-
. toe to All can or getting on your
J knees to clean or adjust. Itsa
ti me-saver— a money-saver . and
the best hand separator made.
Will last a life-time. The

Reid Hand
Separator

is guaranteed to do just
what is claimed for it, and
if the buyer is not satisfied
with it, the money will be
refunded. Credit and 30
days’ free trials if desired .
W rite at once for catalogue.

A. H. REID CREAMERY &
DAIRY SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia.

Agents t — Dean Ac Co., Minneapolis, Minn., and
Mower-liar wood Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa*

You Can’t Cut Out

A BOG SPAVIN or
THOROUGHPIN, but

ABS0RB1NE

will clean them off, and you work the
horse same time. I)oes not blister or
remove the hair. Will tell you more If
vou write. jjSil.OO per bottle, delivered.
Book 5- B free. ABSORBINE..TR., tor
mankind, gl.00 Bottle. Cures Varicose
Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocele, Ruptured
Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged Glands,

_ _ _ Allays Rain. Genuine infd. only by

F, YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt.,SpringfieldlMass.

iPAVINOFF
~ CURES ■

^Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Wlndgall,
I Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
•Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
I ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un-
f natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
\and clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROJ., AFTON, N.T.
51.00 per Box, by Mail. For Houses and Catti.e

M

6. i

O'* yW. »% • .

te-'

EXPENSIVE FEED

I f you skim by the old setting method you leave
cream in the skim milk which you feed to your
stock. This is m reality feeding butter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take all the butter fat out of your milk. It will in- .
crease the butter production one-fifth. It will give
you warm sweet skim milk for feeding. The

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It lias a very
, simple bowl construction, making
It easy to wash. Itisalsotheeasiest
running of all separators. Write
for our Book eo , telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. Tills
_plan requires no payment until
the Separator has proven its
worili after five days’ trial.
Then conies a small cash
payment; the balance in
easy monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE CO.
NEWARK, N. J.

General Western Agents:
Hastings Industrial Co., 79
Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.

I Desirable Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory.

I Full height
4 ft. 4 In.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark _

SFAVIN CURE

Write us before you tire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-tlie-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual,
tit C. GO per bottle Willi written guarantee,
90 Send for copy, also booklet and score** of
letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers orexpresB paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

Tuttle s Elixir

ie a quick and permanent cure
for distemper, founder, lameness
of all kinds, pneumonia, thrush,
cuts, bruises, collar and saddle
galls, colds, stiffness, etc. It is
used and endorsed by the Adams
Express Co. We offer

$100 Reward

for any case of Colic, Curb, Con¬
tracted or Knotted Cords, Splints,
recentShoe Boils or Callous that
_ it will not cure.

uttle’s Family Elixir

ie best household remedy that can he used for
matlsm, sprains and all other pains and aches,
s doctor bills and stops pain instantly. Our 100-
i book, “ Veterinary Experience,” free. Send for it.

ile’s Elixir Co. 30 Beverly St. Boston, Mass.

re of all to-called Elixirs. Oct Tuttle the only genuine, tor
$ ale by druggist* vr eont direct.

SWISS

Cow Bells

Patented Design. Made from
Finest Quality Swiss
Bell Metal.

We sell exclusively to the job¬
bing trade, but to Introduce
these delightfully musical
toned Swiss Cow Bells more
generally, offer them singly or In sets, tuned to ac¬
cord. Made in 8 different sizes, with extra fine and
substantial straps, or singly with or withoutstraps.
Send for circular of Cow, Sheep and Turkey Bells,
etc. We are the oldest Bell Makers in America.
BEVIN BROS. MFQ. CO., EAST HAMPTON, CONN.

'.•I'.THE
(•’.•••ANIMALS’'
--FRIEND

Kills every fly it strikes,
whea either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. Shoo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely harmless to man or
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cows
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any imita-

_ tiou. Halfcent’s worth saves

3 quarts milk and much flesh. NOTICE in poultry house or any
place it is sprayed. If your dealer does not keepShoo- Fly (made in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough Shoo-Fly to protect 200 cows. Name exp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. E>ee Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50 cows in few minutes.

SH00-FLY MF’G. CO.. 1026 Fairmount. Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Shoo-Fly is 0. K.

^BARREN COWS
CURED

•PAMPHLET FREE*

MOORE BROS,V.S., Albany, N.Y.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

SILOS

The “Philadelphia" and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures

>E. F. Schlichler, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.

t

CNSI

rv^v

, cutter

f Mounted or unmounted. With either!

, blowers or carriers for elevating. Our
blowers are efficient and light running
ftnd work perfectly. Large line ofPower
and Hand Feed Cutters, Horse Powers, Saw
Small Threshers , Carts, etc. Catalogs free.
BELLE CITY MFC. CO.,

Box 23-E Reclno Jet- WIs.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

38i

MILK NOTES.

M'ost of our milk comes from the farmers
of Worcester and adjoining towns : a very
little comes by rail. It is peddled from
these new low-down wagons; no milk trust
here. The peddlers pay the farmers from
28 to 30 cents per can of 8*4 quarts, and
sell to customers 38 cents per can, and six
cents per quart retail. Butter fat average
is 3.8. Bottled milk is increasing. There
is both State and local inspection. Offenders
are brought before the court and fined from
$1 to $r>0. There are a few milkmen who
sell Jersey milk who get eight cents for quart
retail. H. it.

Worcester, Mass.

The milk situation in this section is far
from promising. The memory of last sea¬
son's low prices has discouraged many far¬
mers, and fewer cows titan ever are to be
kept. At present the skimming station oper¬
ated by the Ilorseheads Creamery Co. is get¬
ting most of the milk at New York Exchange
price, less 20 cents a can, a net of 94 cents
a can of 40 quarts. Many are talking of
hand separators and making butter, as butter
in local markets commands 30 cents a pound.
Stock, with few exceptions, has wintered
nicely ; plenty of fodder on hand with mill
feeds high and going higher. Cornmeal is
.$25 per ton ; bran $24 ; oats 40 cents a
bushel. Cows, new milkers, are worth from
$25 to $40, according to quality ; strippers
from $15 to $25, with very little demand
for either grade. Indications are that dairy¬
ing has reached low-water mark, and will
improve in the future. Certainly some im¬
provement must be shown, or we must go
out of business. a. b. k.

Van Etten, N. Y.

We like your paper, but must say we don't
like the pessimistic way that some of the
writers write about raising hogs, cattle, etc.
We say to them all there is money in every¬
thing. If you are In a locality where you
can’t make money out of hogs, don't raise
them, and above all don't howl, as that will
not help the readers in this and other com¬
munities, where we can make money raising
hogs by the carload. We can see also that
the writers in your paper do not have nearly
as broad a view as the writers in our Min¬
nesota papers and are not near as ready to
throw a dollar expecting to get two back.
We sell our cream locally, and this is what
our books say for 1904 : Nine cows, all
told, (504 gallons cream at 65 cents, $392.60
cream, 669 pounds, $23.68 ; average per cow,
$46.22; total, $41(5.28. In addition all the
butter and cream for family and skim-milk.
All the feed was raised on our farm and
crops were considered a failure here from
black rust. e. J. s.

Fergus Falls, Minn.

Most of the milk in our town Is supplied
by small farmers and milkmen who keep
from 10 to 50 cows, who live near town, and
who retail their own product. We also, have
a small creamery owned by the operator, who
buys milk from farmers farther out, and
also receives a limited quantity by rail.
There is no local trust or organization, but
there is an “understanding” by which the
retail price is kept at 25 cents per gallon
all the year. The wholesale price is 12
to 18 cents. Most of the dairy stock here
is of the Jersey breed, so that the per cent
of fat is quite high, l’robably two-thirds of
the milk is retailed in bottles. There are
no inspectors except the patrons (who, how¬
ever, are pretty well posted), and no State
laws to obey that we know of. We think the
New York law which prohibits the sale of
skim-milk is a very unjust one, both to the
producer and consumer. The greatest draw¬
back to successful dairy work here is the
lack or almost entire absence of competent
help. Judging by the "ads” in the dairy
papers we are not the only ones so troubled.

Hannibal, Mo. E. G. C.

ANOTHER SIDE TO SQUAB RAISING

Annie I,. Rogers is no doubt terribly dis¬
appointed with her results in squab raising
as stated in Hope Farm Notes, page 233, and
one can hardly blame her for feeling so badly
about it. She' simply made the fatal mistake
of so many beginners who buy stock not prop¬
erly mated. The numerous "Illuminated
Text Books” are only printed to catch the
unwary and induce them to buy of their
stock. These parties are not true breeders
of pigeons, but simply dealers who buy and
sell, and as they pick up birds wherever they
can it is hardly probable that they know or
take the time to investigate whether their
birds are mated or not. I, like your Massa¬
chusetts correspondent, have been raising
poultry for many years, and shall continue to
do so, as I have regular customers, but; the
demand for squabs was frequent, so last Fall
I started in with 20 pairs. I have had just
as bitter an experience in buying poultry eggs
as Annie D. Rogers had with her pigeons
(fortunately one person's experience does not
decide an industry), so I read all I could and
made inquiries. I was fortunate enough to
find a breeder (not a dealer) who had reliable
stock, and he gave me just what I asked for,
namely, nothing but well-mated Homers from
one to two years old that were then working.

I did not buy any "Illuminated Text Book,"
but I did send to the United States Depart¬

ment of Agriculture for their Bulletin of
Squab Raising (free), which is reliable. I
had no fancy equipment, as the “Illustrated
Text Books” advise, but just the necessities.
M'y birds arrived October -6, 1904. The first
eggs were laid October 29, and the first
squabs (six pairs) hatched out November 14,
1904. When 1 last counted them about three
weeks ago, after having them just 4% months
since first hatching. I had 105 squabs, with
30 eggs hatching in the nests. I have lost
from various causes eight pairs of squabs,
due to inexperience mostly. This is just a
starter, but I find it is at the rate of five
pairs of squabs per pair per year — not re¬
markable, but profitable. I have now quit
selling squabs, as I want to increase my stock.
I also find with such stock I can sell my
young as breeders at very good prices.

The R. N.-Y. is a most welcome visitor to
our farm, and I feel sure you will give your
readers a fair hearing of my experience, for
I am certain that pigeons of the proper sort
will pay as well on the farm as chickens,
with less labor for proper care.

Allegheny Co.. I‘a. jknnie CONNEh.

CUTTING CLOVER INTO THE SILO.

C. G. W., Still Pond, Mich., asks about
clover in the silo. After filling my silo two
seasons, my advice is to put the clover in
every time. My first filling was done with
whole clover, nicely coursed and packed by
forkfuls, and should be hauled as soon as
possible from the mowing. I used from five
to eight pails of water to each two-horse
load as put into the silo. There should be
not less than 15 pails of water. It came
out rather dry, but no firefang, and was
heartily relished by the stock. No loss. Next
filling was cut into the silo. I placed a tank
of water so a stream ran on to the carrier,
and ran about 18 or 20 pails of water to each
load of clover, and to me it was a perfect
silage. As to keeping or feeding immediately,
use the same judgment that one would with
corn silage. I feel delicate about advancing
an idea in opposition to II. E. Cook, but tak¬
ing the chances of drying the clover in the
field, the best one can do if it is dry in
handling will be a loss from the leaves; if
not dry, it will burn, firefang in the mow,
and without fair weather we are liable to
have a discolored unpalatable feed for the
stock. The expense of getting into the silo
may be a trifle the more, but the chances
are for the best quality of feed. I would say
use plenty of water, and the silo.

_ o. h . SMITH.

A Si'ckixg IIeifeb. — I have a nice year¬
ling heifer that persists in sucking; will suck
cows that give milk or cows or heifers that
don't. I kept her away for six months, but
it made no difference. I have tried a ring
in her nose; did no good. Calf weaners to
wear in nose are no good. The only thing
that answers is a halter filled with tenpenu.v

wire nails filed sharp. If she must always
wear that I'll let some other man tend her.
Can any one help me? She is good stock,
and I hate to part, with her. e. d. g.

Massachusetts. _

A microbe on a dollar bill

Abode in peace and plenty,

But moved one day — and starved to degth,

Its new home was a twenty.

— Chicago Tribune.

INSURE YOUR
1905 MILK PROFITS

by purchasing a

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR.

Any one who has cream to separate can find no greater
or safer insurance of his 1905 milk profits than is offered
by the use of a DE LAVAL machine. The DE LAVAL
is not an experiment to be tried out at the buyer’s ex¬
pense, but its practicability in every feature of separator
efficiency, including clean skimming, durability, simplic¬
ity and ease of operation, has already been demonstrated
by over 600,000 users to be overwhelmingly superior to
that of any other separator or creaming system. As it has
always been, the DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR
is to-day universally recognized in every civilized country
of the entire world to' be the very “keystone” of dairy
prosperity, and the inexperienced separator buyer who
overlooks this long established fact simply stands in his
own light and disregards his own best interests.

Write to-day for catalogue and other particulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,

SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

IDoLOACII PAT

Avoid imitators and inf ringers and buy the Genuine,
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 1H, P. and up. Shingle
Ll’laning, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Ilay 1
^Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight, c
r OeLoacIi Mill Mf g. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga- *

p^HkiaAoyjua'iiiiTi.K

9 „ % The Kraus Pivot- Axle Cultivator Is adapted to all condl- V''*'*

tiona of soil — level or hilly country. Always under complete
control of operator and obeys the slightest touch of rider’s
t foot, turning to right or left independent of team.

THE KRAUS CULTIVATOR

Is the pioneer Pivot- Axle Cultivator combining a simul¬
taneous lateral movement of wheels and shovels. It Is sim¬
plest In construction, easiest of operation and most eillcient
cultivator built. Don’t waste a man’s time when a boy can do
the work. Ou r catalog Illustrates the parts and shows exactly why
and how It saves time, labor and money. If your dealer does
not handle the Krumt, do not accept a substitute. Write us,

The Akron Cultivator Co., Dept. 18, Akron, O.

ON
UNEVEN
GROUND

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

is not a condimental food, but ft scientific stock tonic and laxative that enables the system of the animal to convert a larger
portion of the nutrition of the food Into solid flesh and fat. It calls into healthy action^very organ in the animal body.

Feed your hogs with Dr. Hess Stock Food regularly as directed, disinfect the pens, bedding and feeding places once a
week with instant Douse Killer, and if you have any loss from disease, we give a positive written guarantee that your money
will be refunded.

Dr. Hess Stock Food is the practical prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.). It is highly endorsed by ttiousands of
farmers as well as many institutions devoted to scientific feeding and breeding. It may he given all stock, under all condi¬
tions, with absolute confidence as to results.

1 per lb. lu 100 lb. sacks,
25 lb. pull, $1.00.

Sunil l< i quantities a little
lilglier. Small dose.

(Ex
I YV

Except in Canada
and extreme
est and South.

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE

Remember that from the 1st to the 10th of euch
month I)r. Hess will furnish veterinary advice and
prescriptions free if you will mention this paper, state
what stock you have, also what stock food you have fed. and
enclose two cents for reply. In every package of Dr. Hess
Stock Food there is a little yellow card that entitles you to
this free service at any time. .

Dr. Hess Stock Book Free, if you will mention this
palter, state how much stock you have and how much stock
food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a
and Instant Douse Killer.

Instant Douse Killer Kills Lice.

The farmer and stock raiser who feeds Dr. Hess Stock Food to keep
his pigs in fine thrifty condition, free from diseases and worms,
finds an earlier market and a better price than does his neighbor
who is satisfied to plod along in the same old way.

Start

Finish

0

r

382

May G,

I

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FAR St EE'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

* Established i860.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

I)R. WALTER VAN FLEET, ) a

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8% marks, or 1014 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. \\e
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser. _

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
' personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MAY G, 1905

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

THE POST OFFICE INVESTIGATING.

The Post Office authorities are now investigating the
business methods of W. M. Ostrander, a real estate
agent of Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Ostrander charges an
advance fee for listing and advertising property offered
him for sale. The postal authorities, it is said, have
sent out 1,000 letters to his clients, asking for state¬
ments of their dealings with him, and hundreds of
replies have been received. We are advised that state¬
ments of clients are invited generally by the inspectors.
They should be mailed to Post Office Inspector Morse,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Some time ago we stated our reasons for refusing the
advertising of real estate agents who charge an advance
fee for listing properties for sale, and urging remittances
by telegram, thus giving the impression that a purchaser
is in prospect, when, as a matter of fact, no such cus¬
tomer is in sight. The postal authorities are acting
promptly, and you will aid the inspectors by sending a
statement of your experience to the inspector.

*

“If I only had So-and-So’s land I could do some¬
thing, but my farm is a hard one to work.” He spends
more time thinking how this and that scheme would
work if he only had that farm than he does on planning
his own work. But these air castles that he builds do
not turn in any money. It is time to quit building
them, and spend all your energy and time making the
most of what you have. Hang on to the steady lines
that you know pay a fair profit, and keep your eyes
open and give a small trial to new things that promise
much more. You have been tagging on behind for
years. Whv not get up with the procession, and per¬
haps a little ahead? There’s more money and more fun
there, but it means hard work, with both head and
hand.

*

Some of the magazines seem to have entered into a
contest to see which can make the strongest statements
about trusts and evil combinations to destroy competi¬
tion. We meet some people who express regret that
such stories are being printed. They think the public
will go to extremes in an effort to right matters. We
think such people would do better to express regret
that such stories were ever made possible. No one
seems to doubt that the stories are essentially true, and
that the situation has reached a point where something
must be done to protect the rights of the common peo¬
ple. Tt is the dread of what that “something” will be
that disturbs those we have mentioned. We do not
share their fear. The American people are too sensible
not to understand a few foundation facts. The present
system has grown steadily through a long term of years.
It has grown because the common people have neglected

to do their full duty as voters. Men have followed their
party, and then left the leadership and management of
the party to men who were working largely for them¬
selves. Now and then an opportunity comes for the
people to feel their power by reaching over the heads
of the politicians to touch the mainsprings of govern¬
ment. People are recognizing these things more and
more, and this knowledge will count against any revolu¬

tion or legislation for revenge. We believe that the com¬
mon people are making a slow but steady gain — through
education and a better understanding of conditions. Dur¬
ing the coming years we are to see in this country a
fairer division of the proceeds of labor, and a better
outlook for the small land owner. This growth will
be too slow to suit the most radical, but farmers and
country people will understand that it is slowly cdming,
and this class will hold the balance of power and pre¬
vent revolution. It seems to us that reforms are to
come very largely through the performance of many
public utilities by the Government in the place of pri¬
vate parties.

The death of Senator O. H. Platt, of Connecticut,
gives the Legislature of that State a great opportunity.
At present there is no Senator from New England who
can be said directly to represent agriculture. Lawyers
and manufacturers abound, but there is no one who can
be said to be a representative farmer. Agriculture is
an important industry in New England — it is growing
faster in importance than any manufacturing enter¬
prise. Farm land is increasing in value, new crops are
being introduced, and new problems of competition
with other sections and countries are coming up for
settlement. If, as has been argued, New England man¬
ufacturing needs special representatives at Washing¬
ton, New England agriculture needs them still more.
The State of Connecticut ought to send a farmer — some
man directly connected with the soil to represent her
people. There are plenty of such men in the State —
J. H. Hale, B. C. Patterson, Edwin Hoyt — we could
mention 50 men, any one of whom would serve the
people with credit. Give us a farmer Senator from
New England !

Every year adds to the importance of the corn crop.
The grain now sells for nearly twice what it did a
dozen years ago. The silo has given an increased
value to the stalks, so that now corn is the most pro¬
fitable grain that a farmer can grow. Not a little of
this increased value is due to the work of the “corn
breeders”, who have bred and selected varieties until
there is nearly as great a difference in their favor as
there is in a well-bred cow and a common scrub. These
things are bringing corn growing hack to the eastern
farms. When prices were so low that good corn was
used for fuel in some Western States, many eastern
farmers found it difficult to make corn pay. Now the
higher prices at the East and the increased demand
have given the crop a place even on high-priced land.
There are many old meadows or pastures that barely
pay taxes in the hay or pasture grass they produce.
They need stirring and shaking up before they can be
profitably seeded: The corn crop is just the thing to
tame them and bring them into fair production. By
plowing this old sod and using a fair amount of corn
fertilizer it is possible to grow a fair crop of corn and
turn a loafer field into a useful part of the farm.

*

A Pennsylvania reader who is after a ditching ma¬
chine, makes this sensible statement :

We prefer to Invest our earnings in farm improvement
rather than in the Storey Cotton Co. ( ?) or Mexican Rub¬
ber Co., etc., as some of our friends have done to their regret.
We can use a ditching machine on our land that will work
anywhere else. Hand labor at such work is almost out of
the question here, especially when the work is undertaken in
a large way.

One great trouble with American farming has been
a wrong conception of the farm. People have regarded
it as a good place to make a dollar, but a poor place
to invest one. Too much of the surplus farm income
has been sent away for investment in railroads, manu¬
facturing enterprises or “boom” towns. Agriculture
needed that capital even more than manufacturing, but
farmers would not invest in their own business. For
example, .there are men who would invest money in
some distant irrigation scheme rather than use that
money to take the surplus water out of their own
farms! A large share of the money which farmers
invest is used later to build up enterprises which op¬
press them. Invest more money at home!

*

About 10 years ago some short-sighted bird-lover
introduced the English starling into Victoria, which is
the largest fruit-producing State in Australia. The
starlings found the climate congenial, and showed their
appreciation by producing five broods a year. By-and-
by they saved the fruit-growers all the trouble of har¬
vesting, for they settled upon a fruit diet, working their
way conscientiously through all the crops, and eating
strawberries, apples, peaches and grapes with equal
impartiality. The laws which protected the starlings
on their entry into the country were repealed, and ef¬
forts are now being made to exterminate them, but with
little success. Apparently a good many Australian
horticulturists can only hope to secure crops by con¬
fining them in a cage, as they need a tight stockade to
keep out rabbits, and a roof of wire netting to circum¬

vent the starlings. Both these nuisances illustrate the
danger of naturalizing an exotic bird or animal under
conditions favorable to unrestricted increase. Aus¬
tralia is exporting tinned and refrigerated rabbits by
the ton, thus providing cheap meat for the home
country, but the starlings do not offer much inducement
for such uses. The robin-haunted fruit growers of the
Eastern States offer respectful sympathy to their Aus¬
tralian brothers in affliction.

*

The New York Legislature passed a bill which stated
that 10 hours should constitute a day’s work in a bak¬
ery. The law was carried up to the Supreme Court,
which has just declared it unconstitutional. The rea¬
son given is that such an attempt to decide what a
day’s work shall be interferes with the right to settle
such things between employer and workman. In other
words, it is an infringement of personal liberty. The
decision is not likely to affect farmers or farm hands.
The “day” on the average farm has grown shorter and
shorter, and the advantage is usually with the hired
man. The old times when the man worked 12 or even
14 hours each day have gone in most neighborhoods,
and the change has largely been brought about by the
shorter day’s work in town. We know of one place in
the South where the colored laborers were quite con¬
tent to work 12 hours or more. A factory was estab¬
lished in the town, with a powerful steam whistle to
call workmen and dismiss them. The farm laborers
obeyed the whistle and cut their day down to 10 hours.
The labor unions appear to be greatly dissatisfied with
the decision, though it seems to us that they will occu¬
py a stronger position if left free to settle such matters
with the employers. The best objection to the decis¬
ion is that it will not permit a State to protect work¬
men if they should be driven into a long day.

*

Those who desire to write Senator Thomas C. Platt
about the parcels post will now find him in New York
City. He is taking his vacation, and at such a time a
public man likes to know the wishes of his constituents.
By all means write him and tell him what you think
about the parcels post. Here are a few remarks from
one of our readers in Connecticut :

Hurry up the ‘parcels post. I sent a box containing a few
dressed chickens to a friend in New York City, a distance of
120 miles, shipped at 7.30 Monday morning and delivered
Saturday afternoon at four o'clock. Six days to carry a
package 120 miles by Adams Express! Charges prepaid,
but they transferred it to the United States Express, and
tried to collect another dollar at the other end of the route,
and did get 50 cents. Of course the chickens were spoiled.
I made a kick, and sent in a bill for damages, and was treat¬
ed as I expected to be, with silent contempt. I have had
experience with those gentlemen before.

In France, Germany or England the' government
would have delivered the chickens promptly and at a
fair rate. This same reader goes on to say:

To allow Senator Platt to have anything to say in the
Senate on the parcels post question Is on a par with a judge
trying a case in which he is personally interested.

We print that as a fair sample of the way farmers
are talking. We continue to take the Senator right at
his own word, and infer that he is only waiting to learn
how strong the sentiment is for a parcels post. We
would, therefore, lick a postage stamp at once!

BREVITIES.

“There are many worse off than you !’’

Grain seems to be a horse-raredjsli on some farms.

It is fresh Bordeaux that makes the fungus feel stale.

It is lucky for northern fruit growers that the late cold
wind was a dry one.

Would we pasture Alfalfa? After working so hard to
get it started we feel like keeping it in cotton wool.

In spite of all we have said about preserving eggs in
water glass, people are writing to ask what it is and if they
can make the glass !

This comes from a farmer's wife: “Our hens are full of
business, untiringly active. If there is a fault at the root
of plant or flower they are sure to find it. I wish their
master was as good a farmer as they."

We understand that many experiments are to lie made
this year with spraying beans with Bordeaux Mixture to
prevent blight or rust. This has been done with string
beans at canning factories with excellent results.

According to the Department of Agriculture the protein
in lobsters costs $3.05 per pound, while the protein in salt
codfish only costs 44 cents per pound. This seems a vin¬
dication of the Hope Farm man’s fondness for codfish balls.

Please remember that when you soak seed potatoes in a
solution of formalin you can only expect to kill the scab
germs that are on the seed. If there are germs in the soil
you may have a scabby crop. Some people seem to think
this formalin is like the nitro-culture, and will make the
potatoes grow. It Is not — it simply kills the scab germs.

A reader in Ohio sends us a question about spraying. He
wants an answer “right away" and then forgets to sign ms
name. We have exactly 38 subscribers at the postoffice
from which he writes, but have no means of knowing which
of these sends the question. We are asked to tell the “best
kind of liquid for spraying trees.” Later our friend will
probably write to find fault because we did not answer his
question.

1005,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

383

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The Post Office Department April 17 issued
a fraud order against the (Boston) Ubero Plantation Com¬
pany and the Consolidated Ubero Plantation Company, both
Incorporated in Maine and having headquarters in Boston.
The department declares that both companies are gigan¬
tic swindlers. William D. Owen, formerly a member of
Congress from Indiana, and later Secretary of State of
Indiana, and F. E. Borges, formerly of Logansport, are
pointed to as the two men who are primarily responsible for
tlie schemes that resulted in the gathering in of nearly a
million dollars from innocent investors. The prospectus of
the Ubero company asserted that the company proposed to
develop and cultivate lands in M'exico, and to market the
products of the land. As an inducement to men to invest
It was asserted in the prospectus that ‘‘a small monthly in¬
vestment in Ubero plantation insures an income for life.”
it was further represented that the company owned 3,000
acres of land in Mexico, for which it had received a deed
from the Mexican government. "These representations,”
said the fraud order, "are all fraudulent, as the company did
not own its plantation there nor does it own now.” ' The
company entered into a contract with a so-called “La
Puerto Company,” by which it agreed to buy for $750,000
a tract of land. Three hundred dollars an acre was to have
been paid. William D. Owen signed the contract for the
La Puerto Company, and the department says that its in¬
vestigations reveal that tit is company was largely Owen and
Borges. The Ubero, according to the investigation, has
paid the La Puerta company $300,000, but has not received
a deed for any land. The department says the develop¬
ment work in Mexico was a failure, it is shown that the
company has been paying annual dividends of 10 per cent.
These dividends, the department asserts, have not been
paid from the sale of crops, for the reason that no side crops
have been marketed. The payment of these dividends lias
been one of the chief means by which investors have been
secured, the report says. . . . According to the Chicago

Record Herald, the teamsters’ strike in that city was carried
on with great brutality. Paid “flying squadrons" and
“wrecking crews” of bruisers have been drafted into the
Montgomery Ward & Co. strike to discourage non-union
drivers from taking (ho places of striking teamsters, and to
bring fear to drivers for other houses who are sent to de¬
liver goods to the picketed building. Organized under a sort
of military system into squads of 10 men, each in charge of
a captain, with one general director for the entire nine
squads, it is said that fhcse slugging committees were being
paid at the rate of $5 to each man a day, and are further
recompensed on a scale rate covering the amount of injur¬
ies inflicted on the person singled out for attack. Vouchers
for these services had been paid up to April 17 at the
Chicago Federation of Labor headquarters. The prices paid
were for broken ribs, nose, etc., or where the victim was left
unconscious, $3; broken leg or arm, or a hospital case, $5.
Higher rates were paid for assaults on negroes, as the union
is trying to discourage them from acting as teamsters.
. . . With four dead sailors and the remainder of the

crew helpless from Beri-beri and smallpox, the American
bark Minerva drifted into (he harbor of Lazuan, Borneo, a
few days before the transport Sherman sailed from Manila.
The Sherman brought the news to San Francisco April 18,
having touched at t lie port. The only person who was cap¬
able of being on deck was the captain's servant, a Filipino,
who was completely ignorant of navigation. . . . For in¬

serting t lie following advertisement in newspapers and then
sending in response to persons sending dimes to him copies
of the same advertisement, II. Jamison of Long Branch. N.
.T., was excluded from t lie use of the mails by a frnud order
issued by Postmaster General Cortelyou April 20 : “Agents
wanted — Over a quart of dimes was received from one small
advertisement in Sunday paper. Only forty cents capital
required. Will send copy of advertisement for ten cents
coin.” It was stated at the Department that II. Jamison
was the assumed address of Pliny P. Kline of Long Branch,
and that his representations as to getting dimes by the quart
in response to his advertisement were substantially correct.
To Gates & Leonard and II. W. Gates & Co., of Asbury Park,
was also denied the use of t lie mails in a fraud order issued
April 21. The inspectors found that the concerns were ad¬
vertising for agents to bronze and fill in cards at fancy
prices, but that the scheme was to sell a few cents worth
of bronze for $1. A fraud order was issued against the
Hustler, of Warren. Ohio, and L. M. Barnett, of Leavitts-
burg, Ohio, for advertising an alleged get-rlch-qulck con¬
cern. The papers in the case say that E. Frank Ilogmer,
publisher of the Hustler, ” used the name of a young girl
in his employ, L. M. Barnett, in advertising a scheme to
furnish for $1 a plan whereby the investor could make as
much as $42 in a single day and $152 a week. The plan
was worthless. In his advertisement Ilogmer stated franklv
that his scheme was founded on the principle that the Amer¬
ican people want something for nothing, but omitted to say
that he was operating on the same principle in offering his
plan to get rich quick for $1. The Arcade Manufacturing
Company of Quincy. Ill., which advertised to furnish for 50
cents a plan whereby the investor could make $100 a week,
was also debarred from the mails. . . Every telegraph

pole for 30 miles east of Cheyenne, Wyo., and 20 miles south

was levelled by snow April 20. The snow is the heaviest
ever known there, and at several places in the city electric
light and telephone poles have been broken off by tons of
snow, obstructing the streets. . . . Orville II. Platt, U.

S. Senator from Connecticut, died at his native town, Wash¬
ington, Conn., April 21. Senator I’latt contracted a severe
cold sitting as presiding officer at the Swayne impeachment
trial before the Senate. He had not fully recovered at the
time of Senator Hawley’s funeral, and caught cold during
the exercises. His last public utterance was at the State
Capitol on March 31, when before the General Assembly lie
delivered the eulogy over Gen. Hawley. Orville II. Platt was
77 years old last. July. In recent years he had been one
of the “Big Five” in the United States Senate. With Spoon¬
er, of Wisconsin, Hale of Maine. Allison of Iowa, and Aid-
rich of Rhode Island, he wielded a power which was felt
on every important matter of legislation. Ilis place on the
Finance Committee gave him a voice in the inner councils.
Senator Platt was born at Washington, Conn., on July 1!),
1827, the son of a farmer. Until he was 21 years old he
worked on his father’s farm, getting a spasmodic education
at F. W. Gunn’s Academy for Boys. To eke out his learn¬
ing, he studied at home. lie went into the law office of
Gideon W. Ilolister, of Litchfield, and at the age of 22, in
the year of the California gold fever, was admitted to the
bar. lie moved to Towanda, I’enn., and entered Justice Mer-
cur's office, then decided to go back to his native State, and
settled at Meriden. There he built up a lucrative practice.
In 1855 he was made clerk of the State Senate. It was two
years after this that he made his first noteworthy public
appearance, as Secretary of State for Governor Holley. In
the first year of the civil war he was elected State Senator
from the Sixth District. In 1864 he was elected a repre¬
sentative, and five years afterward became Speaker of the
State House of Representatives. When Ulysses Grant was
elected President of the United States, in 1868, Mr. I’latt
distinguished himself as Chairman of the Republican State
Central Committee. At every election thereafter, both State
and National, he was full of activity, and his work always
brought results. Gradually and surely he came to be known
as a political power in Connecticut. . . . Joseph Jeffer¬

son died at Palm Beach, Fla., April 23, aged 77. He had
been on the stage since three years old, and had played Rip
Van Winkle for over 40 years. . . . The Department of

Justice has received information of the recent, conviction in
the United States Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas
of a number of persons charged with violations of the law
relating to involuntary servitude or peonage. Sentences to
pay fines of $1,000 were imposed in a number of cases. One
of the men sentenced was a negro. It is believed that these
convictions will effectually stamp out peonage in Eastern
Arkansas. ... At Hempstead, Tex., Congressman John
M. Pinckney, Capt. Brown and John Mills were shot and killed
and Ola Mills fatally wounded. The affair occurred at a
prohibition mass meeting held to protest against State rang¬
ers being returned there. Bad blood existed, due to the re¬
cent prohibition campaign, in which the Prohibitionists were
victorious. . . . Suits for damages aggregating $1,000,-

000 have been filed by eight Cripple Creek mine companies
and the United States Reduction and Refining Company
against the Western Federation of Miners and its officers.
The Reduction Company, being a foreign corporation, has
filed its suit in the United States Court, but the others filed
theirs in the District Court. The suits are the outcome of
the strike in the Cripple Creek district. The petitions allege
conspiracy on the part of Moyer. Haywood and others and
of the federation as an organization to injure the property
and business of the plaintiffs. . . . Frank G. Bigelow,

president of the First National Bank of Milwaukee, ex¬
president of the American Bankers’ Association, director in
half a score of corporations, and custodian of a dozen es¬
tates, is a defaulter for $1,300,000 of the bank's funds.
That ruin did not overtake the bank is due chiefly to a
statement, issued as soon as the news of the defalcation
came. April 24, announcing that men representing $20,000,-
000 of capital invested in Milwaukee had subscribed over
$1,600,000 to meet the shortage. This subscription com¬
prises a claim against the bank which is to bo subordinate
to the claims of all depositors and other creditors. Bige¬
low had been caught speculating in wheat. He was ar¬
rested for embezzlement. . . .• President Henry 11.

Goodell, of the State Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass., a
passenger on the steamship Nacoochee of the Savannah
line, died suddenly April 23, while the vessel was on her
way to Boston. lie had been connected with the State
College since 1876, 10 years as professor of modern lan¬
guages and English literature and after 1886 as president
and director of the Hatch Experiment Station. He was a
son of the Rev. William G. and Abigail (Perkins) Goodell,
and was born in Constantinople, Turkey, on May 20, 1830.
He came to this country at an early age and fitted for col¬
lege at Williston Seminary, Eastliampton. Entering Am¬
herst College, he was graduated in the class of 1862.

SOMETHING ABOUT CALIFORNIA.— If seems a great
mafiy people have the idea that southern California is the
cream of this State. Of course that section is largely ad¬
vertised, and the tourist travel pays them well, and besides,
southern California is a delightful place to live but to my
mind central California will always lead in population,
diversity of business, prosperity of its people, and will never
need the booming, that our southern neighbors seem to
require, to enjoy a steady healthy growth. As to climate,
California is a State where about all kinds of climate may
be found, from semi-tropical to semi-frigid. There are loca¬
tions in different parts of the State that are frostless, and
tropical plants thrive. These are usually found in the foot¬

hills, and our best oranges come from such places. Our
earliest and best oranges do not come from southern Cali¬
fornia but from Chico, nearly 40 degrees north latitude, and
over 100 miles north of San Francisco. Our earliest cherries
come from Vacaville, located in a warm valley about 60
miles northeast of San Francisco. I noticed several days
ago that the first box of 1905 cherries had already been
sent East from there, l understand that large orchards of
Citrus fruits are being planted along the eastern borders of
the San Joaquin Valley in the Sierra Nevada foothills, where
the climate is very equable, and there is plenty of water
from the melting snows. I remember taking a drive once
in tlie Santa Cruz Mountains, which lie between our county
and the Pacific Ocean. It was in October, and the gap or
canon up which we drove after leaving the valley was like
a funnel through which an icy wind was rushing. The mud
in wet places was frozen enough to bear the wagon, and
farther up near the summit we stopped where there was ice
in the roadway, and up on the high bank near enough to
reach with the whip were heliotropes untouched by frost.
California is about 700 miles long by 200 miles wide, ;md
made up of all kinds of valleys, mountains, slopes, etc., that
by their location and influence upon each other produae about
all the varieties of climate possible, and of course in a
country like this all kinds of soils may be found.

II. G. KEESLING.

NURSERYMEN'S MEETING. — The thirtieth annual meet¬
ing of the American Association of Nurserymen will be held
at West Baden Springs, Ind., .Tune 14-16. A number of
valuable papers will be read, and the discussions ensuing
will be of great interest. A special feature will be a fruit
banquet. Many members have agreed to contribute liber¬
ally fruits in season in their respective sections, and a
choice selection is assured. Prominent members and well-
known speakers will respond to toasts, and the dinner
will be presided over by .T. II. Hale, acting as toastmaster.
The president of the Association is E. W. Kirkpatrick. Mc¬
Kinney, Tex. ; secretary, George C. Seagcr, Rochester, N. Y.

BUSINESS BITS.

The catalogue of the Spotswood Farm sale of Imported
Guernsey cattle, now issued, gives the pedigrees tabulated
in extenso. In connection much information is given as to
dairy achievements and prize winnings of the various fam¬
ilies from which the animals spring. Many photographic
likenesses appear, and as a whole this catalogue seems to
lie the most comprehensive and instructive issue of its kind
that, has yet appeared in the Guernsey interest. For cata¬
logue address Peter C. Kellogg, auctioneer, 107 John St.,
New York.

Some hay presses are quite popular in districts when they
have ueen used and proven to be rapid, accurate and eco¬
nomical. In a large number of sections. East and West, the
Alligator, Perpetual and Hercules presses made by J. A.
Spencer, Dwight. Illinois, have become deservedly well known
and popular. The Alligator press has a plunger which
moves 72 inches, with a feed hole 50 inches long. It is
a full circle, team open press.. In ordinary work five feeds
should make a 140-pound bale. Four men and two teams
(one at a time) can bale 22 tons of No. 1 Timothy in 10
hours with this press. Send for catalogue to above address.

The low-down Farmers’ Dandy wagon is just the con¬
trivance fitted for economical service on dirt. Its wide
tires roll down and flatten instead of making starting places
for gullies; they improve the public highways, the lane
roads, the way through the fields; they cut the strain on
the horses in two. The height of bolsters runs from 22 to
37 inches from the ground. Consequently the lift is very
slight. These “Made in Saginaw” Handy wagons are time
economizers. They take less time to load and tinload;
horses can haul a bigger load in two-thirds the time re¬
quired by a narrow-tired wagon. A beautifully illustrated
catalogue is ready for mailing to any farmer who will ad¬
dress the Saginaw Ilandy Wagon, Saginaw, Michigan.

The Whitman Agricultural Company's celebrated baling
presses received the Grand Prize at the World’s Fair, St.
Louis. These presses have been victorious and in use
throughout the world. The company claims the remarkable
record of never having been in competition, in Expositions
or Field Trials, in any country, where it failed to receive
the very highest award. It claims to have received more
first prizes in the past 10 years on balers than all other manu¬
facturers in America combined. This reliable company has
been manufacturing hay presses for many years, and has
made valuable improvements from year to year on the
machines. Illustrated catalogues and circulars will lie fur¬
nished free on application to Whitman Agr’l. Co., St. Louis,
Mo.

The center trip hay sling takes half a wagonload of
hay rolled up at one lift. Only two or three such drafts
are required to “clean the rack.” When tripped, the hay
falls flat on the stack or in the mow, in the same position
it was on the load. It is one of the up-to-date hay appli¬
ances for which this concern has become so wideiy noted.
The I -on den Machinery Company has been making hay tools
ever since 1866. In addition to hay tools and appl lances the
Louden people manufacture some very excellent barn appli¬
ances. One of these is their flexible, double-tread barn
door hanger; another is their feed and litter carrier; a third
is the McIntosh pump box for the more economical handling
of grain. All of these will be found illustrated and de¬
scribed in their ,60-odd page hay tool catalogue. It is a
good book for haymakers and those wanting to provide
themselves with modern barn conveniences to send for.

OHIO Ensilage Gutters

will cut more corn in half Inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters. Hence, they excel in the two most important points.

The new sizes will cut:— CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 1 4, 1 2 to 1 S tons per hour In 1 -2 Inch longths. Powor 8 to 1 O H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 1 6 to 20 do do lOto 12 H. P. “

No. 19, 20 to 25 do do 12 H. P. “

And they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 1(5 and 18 Self Feed Cut¬

ters, both with lilower and Chain Elevators.

More money can be made out of c.ilk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 68%c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per mouth on silage $5.86j4. ^'th
Grain $2.46*4- State
Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay and 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 254 lbs.
more of beef during
winter months, 150 days, than by
other foods. Si lage costsabout 81.50
per ton in silo. Catalog stiows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
iroperties and letters from users
>f "Ohio” Cutters. "Modern Silage
ilethods" tells everything about
diage from planting to feeding
and results. Price 10c., coin or
stamps. Manufactured by

THE SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO.

The Drown Iron Cow Stall

All the rage. Best In the world. Used
In the FINEST state, government and pri¬
vate dairy barns In the U. S. Send for
beautiful circular to KING A WaLKKR
CO., Madison, Wisconsin. Dept. N.

Get free
cata¬
logue
of full
line of
Imple¬
ments

EMPIRE ENGINES

8 to 25 H. P., mounted or stationary;
Sweep Powers, for 2 to 8 horses;
Tread Powers, 1 to 4 horses, level
or even tread; 6 sizes, Separa¬
tors, Feed Cutters, Feed
Mills, Hand and Power
Corn Shelters, Saws, Plows,
Steel and Plank Rollers,

the ussueER aru. co., T»tu>y, r«.

/^MACHINES IN J

• -3ICKU 0*1*0**
*• TOOL GRIN OCR

3- Saw gum me*

4- POLISH e R

OJiUiBlNSVMCUJt

FREE*10’25

I IlLk MACHINE

We want names of responsi¬
ble mechanics and farmers,
possible customers for this
Tool and Sickle Grinder. To get
this quickly and advertise
the machine we give ONE
FREE in each locality, for a
few hours work. Practical,
money making tool. GrindB
20 times faster and easier
than a grindstone, 8 times
faster than emery; will not
draw temper. 60.000 in use.
Write for particulars, using

ftostal. This oiler la good on-
y where we have no agent".
LUTHER BROS. A CO..
208 Carver Av.No.Milwaulta«,W is

The

World’s

Champion

“ LORETTA D ”
No. 141708

This beautiful Jersey Cow was owned and entered by F. H. Scribner, Rosendale,
Wis., at the St. Louis Exhibition in the Dairy Cow demonstration for the “ Most Economic
Production of Butter,” and also for the “Most Economic Production of Milk,” and won
the Championship of the World in both points over all breeds competing.

Read what her owner says about Cream Separators :

“ Rosendale, Wis., March 8, 1905.

“Iam pleased to be able to say to you that I have used the United
States Cream Separator for more than ten years. I used the first one
for several years, and later exchanged it for a larger one of the latest
styles. I am satisfied that the U. S. Separator is the best separator for
farm purposes and that its wearing qualities are of the best, and cheer¬
fully recommend the U. S. Cream Separator to anyone intending to

f urchase a Separator for its durability, simplicity and construction.

t is a clean skimmer and easily cared for. We have used our separator
twice a day and skimmed the milk from 30 cows and it never failed to
do the work which it was required to do. To all appearances it will
last a good many years to come.” “ F. H. Scribner.”

The U. S. SEPARATOR holds the WORLD'S RECORD for cleanest skimming.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

PUtributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kansas City,
Mo., Salt Lake <’ity, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal
and Sherbrooke, 4Jue., Hamilton, Out., Winuipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS, VT

402

384

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 6,

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

PERPETUAL YOUTII.

’Tls yet high day, thy staff resume,

And light fresh battle for the truth ;

For what is age but youth’s full bloom,

A riper, more transcendent youth?

A weight of gold
Is never old.

Ctr°ams broader grow as downward rolled.

At sixty-two life has begun;

■ At seventy-three begins once more;

Fly swifter as thou near’st the sun.

And brighter shine at eighty-four.

At ninety-five
Should thou arrive,

Still wait on God and work and thrive.

— Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894).

•

Here is a new idea in puddings, that
will he welcome at this season, when the
fruit supply is rather short. Stew to¬
gether two cupfuls each of raisins and
prunes until both are tender; sweeten if
desired. Place in a baking dish and
cover with a rich biscuit crust. Bake,
and serve with cream.

*

A housekeeper in the cold Northwest
says that she had a good deal of trouble
in raising bread during the Winter, until
she tried an incubator plan. A box was
selected large enough to hold the bread-
pan and a small lamp. A lid covered it,
with a hole to admit air for the lamp.
The bread, being placed in this incubator
over night was ready for molding at
breakfast time. Another plan that sug¬
gests itself is the use of a hot soapstone
in the box, which seems safer than the
lamp.

*

A whisk broom clad in “Aunt Dinah”
costume was noted in a fancywork dis¬
play. The handle was slightly padded
and covered with black stockinet, eyes,
nose and mouth lieing outlined in red
silk, while a pair of little brass rings indi¬
cated the location of ears. A little turban
of plaid gingham finished the head, and
the broom was then dressed in a blue
calico dress, white apron, and plaid ging¬
ham kerchief, arms being made of black
stockinet, and a loop of cord at the back
being put to hang it up by. The skirt is
easily pulled aside to put the brush into
active service, and the quaint appearance
always attracts the eye.

*

Some of our culinary terms are a trifle
misleading, and we can hardly wonder at
the misunderstanding thus related by the
Boston Herald: In a schoolroom the
first primary grade was listening to the
teacher reading a description of Colum¬
bus’s first voyage to America. The his¬
tory was written in words of one syllable.

The teacher reads : “Queen Isabella
sold her gems to help Columbus.”

“Now, children,” she said, “who can
tell me what gems are?”

Instantly Robert sprang to his feet,
his hands waving frantically and his eyes
flashing.

“Well, Robert,” she said.

“Biscuits!” yelled Robert.

*

The stamped and stained pillow tops
and table covers, to be finished with em¬
broidery,, seem as popular as ever, and
though the fruit and flower designs are
continually varied in their attractiveness,
some of the newer ones show geometrical
Bulgarian patterns to be finished in cross-
stitch. These are of white, ecru or cream
crash, the designs in bold primary colors.
Mahogany brown and green are very pop¬
ular in these stained linens. They are
usually worked in mercerized cotton floss,
which can be obtained in very good color¬
ings. Narrow thick braid is put on with
French knots to finish the edges or trace
some outlines, if desired. Coarse ecru
linen lace is used to border the table cov¬
ers. Prices for materials vary; the mer-
fcerized floss can be bought for 35 cents
K dozen skeins, and the stamped linen

pieces ready for working cost from 25
cents to a dollar each, according to size
and design. We have bought a 27-inch
table cover of crash, handsomely stamped
in colors, for 25 cents at a special sale,
which is about half the usual price.

*

This recipe for a cleansing paste,
given by a correspondent of the Pictorial
Review, is already familiar to many
housewives, but it will bear repetition :
Fill a quart tin can nearly full of hot
rain water, then add a tablespoon ful of
pearline and dissolve it well, rubbing with
the bowl of the spoon, then put on the
stove and boil it two minutes. Pour it
into a small jar or a large-mouthed bottle.
It forms a thick paste or jelly, but you
can reduce it when necessary by pouring
more hot water in it. Use a damp cloth
for cleaning coat collars and children’s
clothes. It removes grease spots and all
kinds of soil and is a great help in a
large family when economy has to be
practiced. _

For the Apple Consumers’
League.

Apple Caramel Pudding — Peel, core
and slice enough sour apples to measure
one pint. Cook them slowly in a sauce¬
pan in two tablespoonfuls of butter until
soft,: then add one cupful of sugar, one-
quarter of a teaspoonful of cinnamon, two
tablespoonfuls of caramel and simmer foi
twenty minutes. Mix together one and
one-half cupfuls of stale bread crumbs,
one-half cupful of crumbled stale maca¬
roons and one-half cupful of seedless
raisins. Butter a deep dish and fill with
alternate layers of the apples and bread
mixture, having crumbs on top. «Bake
three-quarters of an hour in a rather hot
oven, and serve cold with whipped cream-

Fancy Baked Apples. — Peel and core
medium-sized tart apples. Put them in a
baking dish and pour half a cup of water
over them. Set in a hot oven, and when
the apples arc heated, sprinkle with
enough sugar to coat each and bake until
tend.er. Make a syrup of one cup of
water, half a cup of sugar, the juice of
half a lemon, and a teaspoon ful of the
grated rind. Add two tablespoonfuls of
chopped raisins, two of chopped candied
cherries, two of chopped candied pine¬
apple, and two of chopped almonds, and
when the sugar is dissolved set at the
back of the stove and let cook slowly for
half an hour. When the apples are done
put in little glass saucers, taking care not
to break them. Fill with the cooked
sweets and pour the syrup over them.
Serve cold with whipped cream.

Apple Souffle. — Stew the apples as if
for sauce, adding a little lemon peel and
juice. Spread the stewed apples high
around a baking dish. Make a custard of
the yolks of two eggs, a pint of milk, a
pinch of cinnamon and a tablespoonful of
sugar. Let the custard cool and then pour
it into the dish with the apples. Beat the
whites of the eggs and spread over the
top, sprinkling with sugar, and set it in
the oven to brown. The apples should be
about an inch thick at the bottom and
sides of the dish.

Scalloped Apples. — Pare and quarter
tart apples. Put in the baking dish a
layer of cracker crumbs, cover liberally
with butter and granulated sugar. Then
lay the apples with edges lapping and
sprinkle chopped almonds over them-
Then put more crumbs, butter and sugar,
then another layer of apples, and sprinkle
lightly with crumbs, butter, sugar and
cinnamon. Bake until apples are done.
Serve with rich cream.

Suet Apple Dumplings. — One cup of
chopped suet, two cups of flour, one tea¬
spoonful of salt, mix with cold water
into a dough ; put the apples in as for
pudding; tie in little cloths; drop into
boiling water; boil one hour. Use any
sauce, or sugar only.

Egg Apple Dumplings. — Stir a beaten
egg with a cupful of thick cream. Sift
one teaspoonful of baking powder and a
quarter teaspoonful of salt into three cup-
fuls of flour. Make into dumplings, in¬
closing pared and cored apples, and boil
half an hour. If the dough is too stiff
add mor# eream or milk,

The Woman’s Home Garden.

I want to enlarge a little on Prudence
Primrose’s garden article. I am very fond
of gardening, but I don’t depend on
“coaxing any man or boy to go up and
down the rows with a horse and cultiva¬
tor.” We own a hand cultivator that I
can use fairly well. Of course, it takes
some elbow grease to push the thing, but
if the soil is as mellow as it should be
the cultivator will run no harder than the
lawn mower. Last summer, besides help¬
ing to care for the garden. I had a little
patch of onions “all my own.” and in the
Fall pocketed $30 as the proceeds of my
crop. Most of the weeding was done in
the early morning, and as Prudence Prim¬
rose says, was not unpleasant work. We
have just moved on a farm, have added
two cows, four calves and a hundred hens
to the creatures ve already owned, and I
keep no help. So it looks as if my hour
for weeding this Summer will come be¬
tween to and 11 A. M. Notwithstanding
this, I have this day been out in the field
and staked out a good-sized onion patch.
The work will not be as pleasant this
Summer as last, but perhaps the results
will be as good. Several of the Granges
in this county are using the subjects and
suggestions furnished by Cornell in the
Reading Course for farmers and their
wives for discussions in their meetings.
No subject seems to arouse more interest
or excitement than the bulletin on the
kitchen garden. Did time and space per¬
mit I should like to report verbatim the
discussion of a good live Grange on this
subject. It is so strange that a man
.whose garden looks like a howling wilder¬
ness, from early morn till dewy eve. 365
days in the year, will take the door and
produce the most beautiful garden — in
the air. Small wonder that an audible
smile greets the close of his remarks. An¬
other brother, whose ■'•'ell-ordered kitchen
garden is a sight worth seeing, was called
on for his method. He rose to his feet,
coughed a little and hesitated a good
deal, and finally said: “Ask my wife.”
Another shout greeted him. One sister,
in reply to the question: “What imple¬
ments are used in the cultivation of your
garden?” put down a Planet, Jr., culti¬
vator and a smoothing harrow. It was
plain to be seen that the man of the house
cared for that garden. But altogether* we
got much profit and a world of fun out
of the subject — "the kitchen garden.”

CLARA RICKETSON ROPER.

Whex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14.

and Supplies. Plumb-
rToolpand Supplies,
Telephones, Elec-
t r i c a 1 Goods,
Pumps, Cutlery,
Razors and Bar-
b e r Supplies,
Safes, Scales,
Wire Netting,
Poultry Netting,
Vehicle Hard-
warp. Incuba¬
tors, Cream Sep¬
arators , Churns,
Dairy Supplies and every
other article known to the
Hardware business. Our goods
are best siaudurd makes, same
as all reliable hardware dealers
sell, but our prices are from one-quarter to one-half less
than any retailers. See sample prices In illustration. If
you want to buy T1IE BEST HARDWARE IN THE
WORTH at (he LOWEST PRICES IN THE WORLD,
then, for vour own good, before you buy, send for our
Hardwaro'Oatalog, and see our fine goods, astonishingly
low prices, liberal terms of shipment, long time guar¬
antee and safe delivery guarantee which protects cus¬
tomers absolutely against loss. Write for It today,
i.t. u CiHutlt P n 150 to ISO West Madison
JOlin Pfi» whiyih v0« street, CHICAGO, ILL.

“All Signs Fail in a Dry Time**

THE SIGN OF THE FISH.

NEVER FAIRS IN A WET TIMBj

In ordering Tower’s Slickers,
a customer writes: “I know
they will be all right if they
have the ‘FISH’ on them.”

This confidence is the out¬
growth of sixty-nine years of
careful manufacturing.

Highest Award World’s Fair, 1904.

A. J. TOWER CO. design of th.Flih.
Boston, U. S. A.

Tower Canadian Co.

Limited
Toronto, Canada

Makers of Warranted Wet Weather Clothing

807

Fashionable Heat.

All heating methods other than
steam or hot water are rapidly going
out of fashion. Those who build can¬
not afford to put in anything but

When the time comes to sell or
rent, this outfit assists to bring a
quicker transaction at better price.
Thousands move each year into new
houses, flats, offices or stores solely to
enjoy the comfort, convenience, clean¬
liness, fuel-economy and labor-saving
of steam or hot water warming. Did
you ever hear of any one of these want¬
ing to go back to old-fashioned heat¬
ing methods? Any argument in that
to you?

Unlike stoves or hot-air furnaces, our Boilers and
Radiators are made upon the unit or sectional plan, so
that if the building: is made larger, or the rooms altered
(65% of all buildings are rebuilt) extra sections or parts
maybe readily added or removed. Hence, to buy IDEAL,
Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators is an investment —
not an expense. Put in now by best mechanics — a
good time to buy!

Whether your building Is OLD or new, SMALL or
large, farm or city, send for our booklet (free) “ Heating
Investments Successful”— it will make you a letter judge
of heating values.

Dept. 9 . CHICAGO

R4PER ot's WALLS

KTow is The Time

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you
seeour offer. Gilts, Embossed, Silks, and ingrains at ft to
12 1-2 cts. per roll. We save you ftO p.c. : we defy compe¬
tition. Write for our free book oi samples with complete
instructions for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y-.

8-Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can't
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.

Write us.

Eastern

Tel. M f g.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

1

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

Large No. 8 A Catalogue Free.
OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT,

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE, &. ELEC. CO
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A.

URAL MAIL BOXES'^!

There are 250 (?) “licensed” styles and ours the
only one made of heavy steel plate throughout.
Top, bottom, sides, ends, hinges and hasp, all
put together with no exposed seams, and then
thoroughly galvanized. Weighs 15 pounds and is just
the thing to replace a box that failed. We want agents
on old route* to look after such business. We also
make ten and five pound boxes of special merit.

- ADDRESS -

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian, Mich.

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Kural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big protits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
rural Mail Box. and a small price.

H. E. Kessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

1905.

I

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

385

Freshening Up for Summer.

Country people learn to turn a hand
to many different trades, and how often
thanks are due to an ingenious wife or
daughter that the old farmhouse comes
forth fresh and spotless after the Spring
cleaning, or that the new dwelling grad-
ally evolves from bare boards and plaster
into the cheerful aspect of an attractive
home ! Though you may never have tried
to paint or paper a room let no discour¬
agement offered by village professionals
stay your hand from the attempt. Sup¬
pose you cannot paper a ceiling, white¬
wash is cleanly and quite as well suited
to a country house. Believe him not
who scoffs at ready-mixed paints. Very
good work can be done 'with them, and
now that the liking for doors, casings
and panels in different shades is wholly
past, all is plain sailing, and she who
seizes the paint brush may splash ahead,
assured that the best taste in city houses
this Spring shows all painted woodwork
a clear, uniform white. We are colonial
these days, you know.

'Vfter your plans are made go to some
dealer in hardware, paints and oils, and
let him fit you forth with such ready-to-
use materials as he will recommend. Get
a good, flat brush, not too large, and a
small independent supply of turpentine,
and also a little drier and oil. It is im¬
possible to stir up a canful of paint so
that the top and bottom shall be of the
same thickness, and even as you paint the
last in your pail will need thinning down.
But you must endeavor to incorporate
the whole contents of the can, stirring
faithfully with flattened spatula to get all
the different ingredients evenly mixed. If
after removing the top of the can you
give a thorough stirring and then pour off
half the paint into a clean lard pail, you
will find the mixing easier.

If you chose the gloss paint, which
gives a beautiful finish, provide also a can
of flat finish to use as first coat. All
paints spread best in a warm, dry at¬
mosphere, and you will perhaps find that
the gloss paint cannot be made to work
well on a damp, chilly day. Having the
old paint washed clean, with no traces
of dust on top of door casings or in
shy corners, spread a generous covering
of old newspapers on the floor, mount
vour paint pail on an old chair and be¬
gin with caution as to the use of too
much paint on the brush. Draw the brush
always evenly with the grain of the wood.
Work it well over the surface, leaving no
places untouched. Plan to leave no marks
where the brush is lifted. You will soon
catch the knack of drawing the brush
straight along a freshly painted surface,
and lifting it with a steady sweep which
leaves no wavering lines.

Never try to work with paint that is
too thick. It will show the brush marks
badly. Better two coats and an even sur¬
face. Of course you will have removed
the paper from the walls before painting.
See that the paint covers all the wood
close to the plastering on top of base¬
boards and at edges of window and door
casings. I would advise that you keep the
floor clear of drops, wiping up all that
accidentally evades vour newspapers. Any
sort of carpeting tacked close to the base¬
board is becoming more and more obso¬
lete. The treatment of floors is a sub¬
ject of considerable importance and one
on which I am not /repared to offer much
advice.

When choosing papers for a home avoid
strong colors and heavy designs. These
have been all too popular with makers
and dealers of late, but they make small
rooms appear smaller and are out of place
in simple rooms where there are always
some pictures and an assortment of bric-
a-brac. A pleasing background is about
all that is needed from the wall papers of
a country house. Picture moldings are
out of fashion, and all pictures are now
hung with a short cord or wire between
the screw-eyes and supported by two
nails, which are hidden by the picture.
Not that I would advise anyone to dis¬
card a good molding or rehang pictures
now supported by its convenient hooks,
but do not buy a new equipment in that
line.

Last week I called upon a bride whose
cosy home, fresh from the decorators’
hands, offered some tasteful suggestions.
The house was not new, and the parlor
had not been freshly papered, but the
hall was colonial yellow (a soft shade, not
too light). The sleeping room had striped
paper showing narrow pink satin stripes
between lines of small pink roses. All
the second floor rooms had bright light
colored papers with chintz effects of flow¬
ers or vines. The dining-room was done
in yellow, almost as dull as the old straw
wrapping paper we used to see. This
made a soft background for many speci¬
mens of blue china displayed upon a plate
shelf which surrounded the room. Most
effective of all were the walls of sit¬
ting-room and library, which joined each
other with a good deal of open space
and no doors between. These walls were
a bright dark red, and with the dark book

cases, the shining brasses about the fire¬
place and a beautiful big chintz-covered
lounging chair, the color scheme was
warm and inviting as one entered from
the hall. All the woodwork in this house
was painted white. Papers ran from base¬
board to ceiling with molding in the
angle and no frieze.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Rural Patterns.

A simple wrapper is a great addition to
personal comfort. No. 4985 is a useful
garment for a young girl. As illustrated
the material is ring dotted lawn with
yoke and cuffs of all-over embroidery and
the lining is omitted, but the design also
suits the many lightweight wool materials

and can be made over a foundation when
desirable. The sleeves are comfortably
loose and the entire garment is ample.
The wrapper consists of the fitted lining,
which extends to the waist line, the
fronts and the back. The upper edge is
shirred and either arranged over the lin¬
ing or joined to the yoke. The sleeves
are in shirt waist style and there is a
roll-over collar at the neck. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size (14 years) is 6)4 yards 27, 554 yards
32 or 354 yards 44 inches wide, with
yard of all-over embroidery for collar
and cuffs. The pattern 4985 is cut in

4846 Flmono, 12 to 42 bU9t.

sizes for misses of 12, 14 and 16 years of
age; price 10 cents.

A pretty variation of the usual kimono
is shown in No. 4846. The kimono is
made with fronts, back and sleeves. The
fronts are tucked to yoke depth and al¬
lowed to fall free below that point, while
the backs are tucked to give a box pleated
effect and stitched for a portion ofi their

length, being pressed into place below.
The sleeves are wide and gathered at the
upper edges, .where they are sewed to
the sacque beneath the shoulder straps.
The band at the front and neck is cut in
two portions, which are joined at the cen¬
ter back, and is arranged over the kimono
on indicated lines. The quantity of ma¬
terial required for the medium size is
454 yards 21 inches wide, 4)4 yards 27
inches wide or 254 yards 44 inches wide,
with il/s yards 21 inches wide for banding.
The pattern 44846 is cut in sizes for a 32,
34, 36, 48, 40 and 42-inch bust measure;
price 10 cents. _

PureWwteIead

For the benefit of those people who
do not know how to tell PURE
White Lead from the adulterated, we
have printed a booklet, "What Paint
and Why." It tells why no other
house-paint is as good or as cheap as
PURE White Lead and names the
brands of White Lead that are purest
and best.

Here is a temperance lesson from the
Youth’s Companion worth studying:

An Easterner, riding on a mail-stage in
northern Colorado, was entertained by a
dialogue which was sustained upon the
one side by the driver and upon the other
by an elderly passenger, evidently a native
of the region.

“I understand you’re temperance,” began
the driver.

“Yes, I’m pretty strong against liquor,”
returned the other. “I’ve been set against
it now for thirty-five years.”

“Scared it will ruin your health?”

“Yes, but that isn’t the main thing.”

“Perhaps it don’t agree with you?” ven¬
tured the driver.

“Well, it really don’t agree with any¬
body. But that ain’t it, either. 'The thing
that sets me against it is a horrible idea.”

This is valuable information for every
house-owner because, while all White
Lead sells at within a cent or two, per
pound, of the same price, there is great
difference in the value of different brands.

We will send this booklet, free, to any¬
one asking any of our offices for it.
Architects and painters are invited to
send names of customers interested in
house painting. "What Paint and
Why" will be valuable to them.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

“A horrible idea! What is it?”

National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburg

“Well, thirty-five years ago I was sitting
in a hotel in Denver with a friend of
mine, and I says, ‘Let’s order a bottle
of something,’ and he says, ‘No, sir. I’m
saving my money to buy Government land
at one dollar and a quarter an acre. I’m
going to buy to-morrow, and you’d bet¬
ter let me take the money you would have
spent for the liquor and buy a couple of
acres along with mine.’ I says, ‘All right.’
So we didn’t drink, and he bought me two
acres.

“Well, sir, to-day those two acres are
right in the middle of a flourishing town;
and if I’d taken that drink I’d have swal¬
lowed a city block, a grocery-store, an
apothecary’s, four lawyers’ offices, and it’s
luird to say what else. That’s the idea.
Ain’t it horrible?”

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

%?WE WANT AGENTS

in every town to ride and sell our bicycles.
Good pay. Finest guaranteed 1905 MODELS,
with Puncture-Proof ^ ^ Qyf

tires, Coaster- Brakes w

1908 & 1904- Models 4* ^ q

of Best Makes . v* M *0 jp #

500 Second-Hand Wheels

AU makes & Mod- ^ Q o

el» good as new v « *” w O
CLEARING SALE at half cost.

We SHIP ON APPROVAL and

TEN DAYS TRIAL to anyone

without a cent deposit. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.

TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept.wso CHICAGO

KA DEXX

Cream Extractor

Means less labor, more and
better butter, larger profits, be¬
cause it

Separates Clean.

Has three times the separating
power of other makes. Does
not mix water with milk.
Easier to clean and operate,
ho waste. Durable. Anti-rust
throughout. Results guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to¬
day. We want good agents.

KA DEXX CREAM SEPARATOR CO.

30 KaDexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, N.r.

John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

fZQfo On Long or Short
W /uTerm Investments

[(/> pe * ■(o.]

Vy*v<wi!!r m

SS2/5 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY received at any

1 time in the year, yields
5 p. c. per annum for
every (lay we have it.
You should learn how Tar our
operations are removed from
any element of speculation.
Conservative investors will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and profit without the
annoyance of individual mort¬
gage loans. Write for par¬
ticulars.

Assets,. SI, 700. OOO
Surplus and Profits,

#1 60,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co..

No. f* Times Building, N.Y. City

“Of all Inventions, the alphabet and print¬
ing press alone excepted, those inventions
which abridge distance have done most for
civilization.”— Macaulay.

MAP OF THE

NEW YORK CENTRAL

LINES.

A system of 12,000 miles of rail¬
way in the populous territory east
of Chicago, St. Louis and Cincin¬
nati, furnishing luxurious and
rapid transportation facilities for
more than one-half of the entire
population of the United States.

Details of rates and trains given
by any New York Central ticket
agent.

A copy of “America's Summer Resorts."
will be sent free, upon receipt of atwo-cent
stamp by George id. Daniels, General Pas¬
senger Agent, New York Central & Hudson
River Railroad. Grand Central Station, New
York.

PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $6.00 TO $15.00, .toves similar to the
range illustrated hereon have been often advertised.

How steel ranges can be offered at these prices and
why we can sell the highest grade blue polished steel
ranges In the world at much lower prices than any
other house Is all explained in our new Big Free Spe¬
cial Stove Catalogue. Cut this advertisement out
and send It to us and you will receive by return mail
free, postpaid, our new special stove catalogue fully
describing this handsome steel range with high shelf,
warming closet, deep porcelain lined reservoir, rich
nickel trimmings as well as the most complete line of
highest grade stoves and ranges made In the
world, all shown In large, handsome halftone Illustra¬
tions, full descriptions and all priced at prices much
lower than any other house can possibly make, prlces-
that will astonish and please you. With the big free
_ catalogue you will receive the most Wonderfully Lib¬
eral Stove Offer ever heard of, a new and marvelous proposition. Why we can sell at much lower prices than all
others will be fully explained. We will explain why we can ship your stove the day we receive your order, why
we make the freight charges so very low— next to nothing. You will get our free trial offer, safe and prompt
delivery guarantee, binding quality guarantee. You will get our very latest stove proposition.

CDCIPUT DDCDAin Plan explained. We will tell you just what the freight will amount to on any stove to
rnCIUn I r ntrMIU any town. Don’t think of buying a stove of any kind, at any price, until you first
write and get this oatalogue. If you can’t use a book stove or fine steel range at any price, call your neighbor’s
attention to this advertisement. Don’t fall to write now for our big new special stove catalogue, free with all our
new offers, all the marvelous price surprises, everything explained, all free for the asking. We will tell you some-

ought to know. Address : SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. — Get it from your Druggist

386

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 6,

MARKETS

Prices current in New York for week end¬
ing April 20, 1905 :

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern, Duluth —

No. 2, red . —

Corn, No. 2 mixed . —

Oats, mixed . —

Rye . —

Barley . —

FEED.

Wholesale prices.

Bran . —

Middlings . —

Cotton seed meal . — ;

Linseed meal . —

Retail western New York.

Bran . 22.00

Middlings . 24.00

Red dog . —

Gluten . 26.00

Oil meal . —

Oats and corn

@1.01
Co 96%
@ 52
@ 35
Co) 80
@ 46

@10.50

@21.50

@26.00

@30.00

@23.00

@26.00

@27.00

@28.00

@34.00

@26.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Market dull.

Hay, No. 1 . 75 @ 80

No. 2 . — @ 65

No. 3 . 50 @ 60

Clover and clover mixed. . . 70 @ 75

Straw, long rye . 85 @ 90

Short and oat . 40 @ 65

MILK.

New York Exchange price 2% cents per
quart in 26-cent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

Kirsts .

30

20

@

@

30%
20 %

Seconds .

27

0

28 "

Thirds .

25

@

26

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.

28% @

20

Tubs, firsts .

25

@

26

Tubs, seconds .

25

@

26

Fresh, lower grades .

22

@

24

Western imitation creamery,

extras .

—

@

28

Firsts .

25

@

27

Seconds .

22

@

24

Western factory, firsts .

24

@

25

Seconds .

21

@

22

Lower grades .

10

@

20

Renovated, extras .

—

@

28

Fi rsts .

20

@

27

Seconds .

22

@

25

Lower grades .

18

@

20

racking stock, No. 2 .

20

@

21

No. 3 .

17

@

19

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

—

@

14%

Small, fine .

—

(fi!

13%

Small, late made, choice. . ..

—

@

1 3 %

Small, late made, fail' to gd

1 2 % @

12%

Light skims, small, choice. . .

1 o y, @

10%

Light skims, prime .

!) % @

0%

Full skims .

4 % @

5%

EGGS.

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bu .

Common to good .

Medium, choice . : .

Common to good .

Pea, choice .

Common to good .

Red kidney, choice .

Common to good .

White kidney, choice .

Black turtle soup, choice.
Yellow eye, choice .

—

@2.90

@2.85

.2.10

@2.12%

@2.05

—

@1.75

@1.70

.2.67% @2.70

@2.65

@ —

—

@3.25

@2.10

DRESSED POULTRY.

FRESH KII.LED - ICED.

Turkeys, Western, average best — @ 18

Western, mixed, fai rto good 15 @ 17

Chickens, Phila. broilers, 3%

@4 lbs. to pair . 35 @ 40

Phila., mixed sizes, lb . 17 @ 20

Penna., mixed sizes . 15 @ 17

Western, coarse and staggy. 10 @12

Fowls, Western, medium size. — @ 13%

Western, heavy weights.... — @13

Fowls and chickens, poor to

fair . 10 @ 1^2

Squabs, pme., large, white, doz. — @2.75

Mixed . — @2.25

Dark . 1.50 @1.75

FROZEN’.

Turkeys, Toms, No. 1, lb. ... 22 @23

lien's. No. 1 . 21 @ 22

No. 2 . 16 @ 18

Capons, choice, large, lb . 20 @ 22

Broilers, dry picked. No. 1 . . . 20 @ 23

Scalded, No. 1. lb . 18 @ 20

Chickens, roasting soft-meated,

lb . . — @ 17

Roasting, average No. 1 . . . . 15 @ 16

Medium grades . 13 @ 14

Fowls, No. 1, lb . — @ 13%

No. 2 . 10 @ 12

Old roosters, lb . 10 @ 10%

Ducks, No. 1, lb . 15 @ 16

Geese, No. 1, lb . 12 @ 13

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Dressed calves, fancy veals, lb. — @0

Fair to good . 8 @ 8%

Poor . 6 @ 7

Dressed Spring lambs, earcass.4.00 @6.00
Dressed hogs. Jersey, light, lb. 7 %@ 8i/,

Jersey, heavy . 5%@ 6

Roughs . 4 @ 4%

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.75 @6.40

Bulls . 3.00 @4.75

Cows . 1.75 @4.25

Calves . 3.00 @6.50

Sheep . 3.0 @5.00

Lambs . 5.50 @6.50

Hogs . — @5.75

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here.

Peppermint . 2.00 @3.25

Wintergreen . 1.85 @2.10

Tansy . 3.75 @4.25

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

FARM CHEMICALS.

Nearby, fancy, selected, white
Selected, white, good to oh
Fresh galhered, extra mixed

Fresh gathered, firsts .

Western, storage packed, first
Western, fresh gathered, 2ds

Kentucky, fair to prime .

Southern poor to fair .

Duck eggs. Baltimore, dozen.

Goose eggs, dozen .

DRIED FRUITS.
Apples, evaporated, fancy, lb.

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Sun dried, Canadian, quar¬
ters, lb .

State & W'n, quarters,...

Chops, 100 lbs .

Cores and skins. 100 lbs.
Raspberries, evaporated, lb.

Huckleberries, 1004 .

Blackberries. 1004 .

20 @
— @
— @
17% @
— @
— @
16% @
14 % @

FRESH FRUITS

Spitzenburg, com. stg. . .

Ben Davis, com. storage. .. .1.5

Greening, com. storage.

Russet, bbl .

No. 2 stock, bbl .

Cranberries, Jersey, bbl . .
Strawberries, Florida, qt.

North Carolina .

VEGETABLES.
Potatoes, State & W'n, 180 lbs.

Maine, 65-lb. bag .

Bermuda, No. 1 .

No. 2 .

Florida, new, No.

Florida, new. No,

Southern, 2d crop.

Southern. 2d crop.

Sweet potatoes. Jersey

1,

9

bbl .

No. 1,

Asparagus,
Extra

Colossal,

Culls . „ .

Artichokes, California, dozen.

Brussels sprouts, quart .

Beets ,old. bbl .

New Orleans, 100 bunches.

Florida, bbl. -crate .

Carrots, old, bbl .

New Orleans. 100 bunches.
Charleston, 100 bunches...

Cabbage, old. ton .

Florida, bbl. -crate .

Florida, red, bbl. -crate. .. .
Celery, State & W., doz. stalks
Chicory, New Orleans, bbl . . .
Escarol. New Orleans, bbl...

Kale, Norfolk, bbl .

Baltimore, bbl .

Lettuce. Florida, %-bbl. bkt.
Leeks, Southern. 100 bunches
Onion, old, yellow, bbl. or ba;

Old, red, bbl. or bag .

Oysterplants. 100 bunches...

Parsnips, bbl .

Peppers, Fla.. 20-qt. carrier.
Peas. Ga. & S. C.. 1-3-bbl. bk
Radishes, New Orleans, bbl. .
String beans, Fla., green, 1-3-

bbl. basket .

Florida, green, crate .

Spinach, Norfolk, bbl .

Squash. Hubbard, bbl .

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl .

New, white, 100 bunches. .
Tomatoes, Fla., 20-qt. carrier
HOTHOUSE PROD

Cucumbers, No. 1, doz .

No. 2 .

—

@ 28

45

1

@ 50

7

@ —

6

@ 6

5

@ 5

3

@ 4

o

% @ 3

@ 1.50

95

@1.00

24

@ 25

10

@ 11

6 % @ 7

13% @ —

i

2.00

@3.00

1 .50

@2.00

2.00

@3.00

@2.50

1.25

@2.00

@2.50

1.25

@1.75

2.00

@4.00

1.00

@ 2.00

@2.00

50

@1.00

@ —

0

@ 13

10

@ 1 8

8

@ 12

1.00

@1.12

00

@1.10

@6.00

3.00

@4.50

4.50

@ 5.50

@4.00

@4.00

1.00

@2.50

2.50

@4.00

@6.00

@ 4.50

@3.50

@ 2.00

75

@1.00

10

@ 20

1.00

@1.25

1.00

@4.00

1 .00

@2.00

@2.00

1.00

@3.00

.2.0

@3.00

0.00

@20. Of

1.00

@2.00

3.00

@3.50

20

@ 00

3.00

@4.00

@4.00

50

@ 75

60

@ 75

50

@1.25

1.50

@4.00

1.50

@3.50

@3.00

2.00

@4.00

1.00

@1.25

1.25

@2.00

1.00

@1.50

1.00

@2.00

@2.50

1.00

@2.25

—

@ 75

1.25

@1.75

50

@1.00

2.00

@3:00

1 .50

@4.00

'CTS.

75

@ 1 .00

40

@ 60

15

@ 50

. 30

@ 60

1.00

@2.00

10

@ 30

21

10

18%

18

18

17

17%

15%

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit . — @12.oo

Dried blood . — @50.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — @ 25.00

Peruvian guano . — @37.00

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2Y.
Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 6%

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Hothouse Tomatoes are selling poorly,
some as low as 10 cents per pound.

Eoos have got, down to a figure that is at-
tracfing storage speculators, and a good
many are being put away at 17 to 18 cents.

Strawberries are getting very plentiful
and prices for ordinary to fair fruit have
dropped to about the level at which much of
the northern grown fruit is sold in the flush
season.

Wood trade is active, with prospects of
higher prices. Following are figures of some
recent Boston sales : Michigan fine unwashed.
22 to 23 : Ohio and Pennsylvania unwashed
delaine. 27 to 28 : Territory, fine, choice, 20
to 21 cents.

The Potato Market continues in very
poor condition and prices for ordinary old
stock are very low, many going for one
dollar a barrel. The southern second crop
now coming to hand are of poor quality
and sejl slowly. Bermuda and Florida new
stock is so plentiful that none but the
choicest bring the customary high prices.

Apples. — I have noticed a good many stor¬
age scalded apples lately, which shows that
there is much yet to be learned about keep¬
ing fruit in cold houses. A scalded apple
is a miserable looking affair. No one wants
it except at a discount, even though the bulk
of it may be all right. If there are varie¬
ties that will not stand storage, they ought
to be disposed of earlier. The probability is.
however, that such kinds as Greening and
York Imperial can be stored safely for a time
at least when more is learned about their
peculiar needs. Cold storage is rather severe
freatment. and all varieties cannot be run
through (he same mill any more than all
school children can be handled just alike.
The market here continues in poor condition.
Arrivals are heavy and quality irregular.

Butter has taken a drop of three cents
from the high figures given last week. It is
.seldom that there are so many violent price
changes in a short time, as the last few
weeks have shown. This jumping up and
down is confusing to the retailer, as without
warning he may find that the stock he laid
in yesterday is three cents or more lower to¬
day. I know one man who was caught this
way with 11 tubs, which he had to sell at
retail for just what if cost wholesale. That
was pretty near like working for nothing,
but it happened that a rise of three cents
struck him on another lot of about the same
quantity, so that the average was all right.
He sells four grades of butter. The first is a
labeled brand (Rockdale) : the others are tub
stock, the cheapest being cooking butter, not
the. rank stuff often sold as such, but off in
texture or with some similar defect. He does
not consider strong butter fit to use, and will
not handle it. Under similar circumstances
a goon many retailers would mark the sec¬
ond grade tub butter up to first, thus making
their profit in spite of being caught in a
falling market, and few customers would
know the difference. But this man is hon¬
est, and says that even though his cus¬
tomers cannot tell second grade from first,
he is going to sell it for what it is. Possi¬
bly his customers know more about it than
he thinks, as I notice that his stall in the
market is usually a busy place, while his
neighbor, whom I know by experience has
fewer scruples regarding sharp practice, does
not do nearly so much business. h.

4%

And your money quickly
available when needed

A I aHERE are investments
^ that pay more than 4 per
cent. They are speculative in
character. Your money may
be safe — and it may not.

This bank accepts your money
on deposit — subject to your
withdrawal notice at any time.
It is never in danger of loss or
depreciation. It is always here
when you want it, and it earns
for you 4 per cent, a year —
compounded semi-annually.

Write for Department H
Booklet— Do it today

The Union
Savings Bank

Capital, $1,000,000.00
Frick Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.

ALL

IEEDED
APPLY.

it

ANY HANDY MAN
CAN APPLY IT

With each roll of Rul>croitl ttoofins we include di¬
rections and sufficient nails, tin caps and Kuberine
Cement. Ruberoid Roofing has no equal. It is
positively weather-proof and fire-resisting, outlasts
metal or shingles. Contains no tar or paper. Will
not melt, rot or tear. We guarantee its quality.
Send for samples and Booklet “K.” Have you seen

RUBEROID RED ROOFING?

A permanent roofing with a permanent color.
Manufactured solely by

THE STANDARD l’AINT CO.,

100 William St., New York.

What a

CHATHAM

The Chatham Fanning Mill has such a wide
range of usefulness that its work comes under
three important classifications:

It is u seed-cleaner, a seed-separator and a
grain-grader— all in one.

Run through the list in all the seed catalogues
you can find— the Chatham, with its seventeen
screens and riddles, will handle any seed there,
regardless of size or kind. It will take out the
weed seed and dirt from grain and seed, no matter
how foul it may be. It has taken out over twenty
million weed seeds from a single bushel of unclean
seed! It will clean and grade, at one operation,
wheat, oats, rye, barley, timothy, clover, millet,
flax, peas, cow peas, beans, velvet beans, corn,
chufas, pecans, peanuts, rice, cotton seed, kaffir
com, broom corn, tobacco seed, alfalfa, all grass
seeds, cranberries, etc., etc.

It is a timothy seed saver. Its grading is abso¬
lutely accurate. We have a patent screen for
succotash— that is. in taking oats out of wheat.

Capacity of the Chatham, 40 to 80 bushels per
hour. Runs easily, either by hand or power. Has
a bagging attachment that saves one man's time.

Every Chatham is guaranteed for five years—
will last a lifetime.

Try It 30 Days, at Our Expense

Find out for yourself what an invaluable addition the
Chatham is to your farming equipment — how quickly it
will pay for itself and begin earning extra profits for you.
Then pay part cash and take six months on the balance if
you wish. Write today for our free Chatham ltook.

The Manson Campbell Co. Ltd.
l>ept. 40 A Detroit, Mich.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

lhiui L/camrva.
Clean — Sanitary — Odor¬
less — Best Appliances —
Finest Nickel Trimmings.

HATH TUB — White porcelain
enameled— heavy roll rim seamles*
cast iron, 5 ft. long, 30 in. wide.
LAV A TOBY — Genuine “Ital¬
ian" marble countersunk slab and
back — patent overflow porcelain
bowl.

CLOSET — Syphon wash down,
vitreous porcelain bowl — perfect
working— best wood work.

Price as described, ^ $55.00

We will furnish the additional trim-
mi i gs — paper holder — two towel bars —
glass shelf — bath seat and soap cup, for
$7.00. We have other bath room outfits, ,
from $25.00 to $125.00.

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Any ordinary mechanic can do tho work. We
furnish working plans on application.

WP1TF 1 1 S one wiU do well to write

tt l\l 1 I— us before buying elsewhere. We have

the largest and finest selection in the world and can save
purchasers considerable money.

Ask for Booklet No. FA 57, Tells all about
Plumbing and heating Apparatus.
Chicago House W. Co., 35th & Iron Sts., Chicago

NOTE — We Furnish Country Homes with Complete
Water Works System.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

with hlower are guaranteed to do
more and better work with the
same amount of power than
other machines of
the same or even
■ larger
size. We
rmanufacture
different sizes
rranging in ca¬
pacity from eight
rto twenty tons of
ensilage per hour.

jA FAIR TEST

will demonstrate
the superiority of Ross Machines
55 Teirs* over all competitors.

Experience Write to-day for FREE Catalog.

THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13, Springfield, Ohio
L&rgent Manufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the World.
Write for Ross Manure Spreader Catalog.

VICTORY, FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
mixed or separate,
faster, finer and with
power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
andlOH.P. Free Catalogue.
THOS. ROBERTS,?
92. Springfield, O,

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.

Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
cation. Robt. C. Reeves Co., 187 Water St., N.Y. City

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St, , N, Y.

Oldest Commission

eggs, pork, poultry, dressed calves, game, etc. Fruits.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich Street, New York.

Quick results sure by using
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

A TTC WTIOM_NeedlnK male

1 I I™ I I IM help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.

I. HF.RZ, Genl. Mgr., 99Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

]Vf A PS, Reports. Descriptive Lists. Prices, Illustrated
1 *■ Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board op Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

„ FOR SALE

One of the best dairy farms in Western N. Y. 210
acres. Rents for $500.00 per year and taxes. Price
$8,000 cash. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y.

Farm of 8634 acres, Berkeley Co., West Va., head of

Shenandoah Valley. Price $13,000

J. A. COX.M.D., Wheeling, West Va., Peabody Bldg.

CONNKCTICUT farm of 120 acres; cuts 25 tons
hay; pasture for 15 cows: 65 barrels of apples in
season; 1,500 cords hard wood; 11 room house, new
barn, 30 x 50; spring water; only 5 miles from
splendid market; valuation on town books, $1,700;
owner to get quick sale makes price only $1,000,
with $600 down. Full details and “Strout’s Spring
List” (illustrated), describing 200 other farm bar¬
gains with reliable information of soils, crops,
markets, climate, etc., mailed free. K. A.STROliT,
Farm Department 42. 150 Nassau Street, New York
City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

admits air to the soil. In¬
creases the value. Acres of Bwainpy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Hound Ilrain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write

for what you want and prices. JOHB H. jacksos, j« Third Aw., Albany, B. X.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

387

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The American Farm Company, of Buf¬
falo, N. Y., has withdrawn its alleged
libel suit against The R. N.-Y. Our old
readers will remember that this suit was
brought against The R. N.-Y. for a little
over $100,000 by the above company in the
year 1902. The Company had been organ¬
izing local branches in different parts of
New York and other States, and inducing
farmers to subscribe for its capital stock.
In its complaint the Company alleged that
farmers of Greene County, New York,
who had subscribed for about $18,000
worth of stock at par refused to take it
after the publication of certain articles in
The R. N.-Y., the farmers alleging fraud
and misrepresentation in the inducements
of the company’s agents to influence them
to subscribe for the stock. On our mo¬
tion the court transferred the trial of the
case from Buffalo to New York City,
and no motion for trial has since been
made. The suit is now withdrawn.

We like the sentiments expressed in
the following note from a man of large
business experience :

I imagine it takes lots of grit to refuse
a large cash “adv." like that Philadelphia
real estate agent, hut by so doing and by your
statement, you have, I am sure, saved your
readers thousands of dollars. We are in
full sympathy with your methods, and I
never lose an opportunity to speak a good
word for The R. N.-Y. .r. 'r. c.

Pennsylvania.

Habit makes practice easy, and turning
down “cash” advertising has become al¬
most a habit with us. We never at any
time during the present management of
The R. N.-Y. intended to accept the ad¬
vertising of an irresponsible house, and of
late years we have been dr, .wing the lines
closer and closer. The lines of advertis¬
ing which we refuse, and which are ac¬
cepted by most other farm papers,
would, if accepted at our rates, equal
the entire subscription receipts of the
papers that carry the advertising we
refuse. We have absolutely drawn
the line on the free someth ing-for-
nothing advertising of every description.
After several careful investigations we
have found all these propositions decep¬
tive, and most of them full-fledged fakes.
We do not wish to be understood that
we never make mistakes. We have made
them, hut in passing judgment our first
consideration is the interest of our sub¬
scribers, and no order, large or small,
would tempt us to decide in favor of an
advertisement after we had become satis¬
fied that subscribers could not trade with
the house with safety.

The R. N.-Y. is the organ of its sub¬
scribers. You help shape its policy, and
inspire its ambitions. You contribute to
its growth and its influence. Through it,
its readers may exert an influence to sup¬
press almost any social, business or po¬
litical evil, or to promote any good and
wise reform in these lines.

By way of expressing interest in “The
Business Hen” we print the following
notes from to-day’s mail :

I wish to tell you how much we thin' of
The It. N.-Y. You have improved it so
much during the ‘ last year that I think
at present ft has the most practical, help¬
ful tilings for the farmer, of any paper I
know. As T am interested in the poultry
business, I am anxious to see t He “Business
Hen.” i. h. B.

New York.

The poultry hook came to hand in due
time. I thank you for it. The whole family
find it very Interesting. J. f. b.

Massachusetts.

CURING A DRIPPING CHIMNEY.

While I lived in my farmhouse I never had
any trouble with the chimney, as I used both
coal and wood, but my farmer not having
dry wood, has quite an amount of trouble.
The first trouble noticed the top of chimney
blew off in a gale and many bricks fell down
the chimney, and more falling, we attributed
the trouble to that. I had the chimney
cleaned, topped out and arched, and thought
my troubles at an end. The next Winter it
was as bad or worse. I went to a mason
who said I should have to take it all down
and rebuild from the bottom up, and made
my calculations accordingly, but could not get
the mason when I wanted him and the work
was put off for a time, in the meantime I

kept on inquiring, and I found a man who
had trouble the same way. lie had his chim¬
ney rebuilt, making it perfectly square, think¬
ing thereby to make a sure job, but the next
Winter it was just as bad, and even now he
has to dip the drippings out at the bottom
from time to time from a place left for that
purpose. I commenced to study, and was
sure the old fireplaces never bothered that
way, and I reasoned that if a draft from the
cellar up through chimney would help that
was what I should do next. My mason cut
a small hole in the chimney right at the
bottom ; then as it was a crooked way to the
cellar, I had to cut through one ceiling and
two floors to the cellar. I had two-inch gas
pipe cut the lengths 1 wanted, to he joined
by couplings, and then cemented ail tight

again around the chimney. I reasoned that
if I did not dry out the chimney the drips
would go down cellar, where a pall could be
hung to catch it, but so far we have had no
trouble, and the chimney has a better draft
than before and is up to date dry.

Cayuga County, N. Y„ a. d. b.

If those who complain of dripping chim¬
neys, as they call it, will reverse the order
in putting up their stove pipes, 1. e„ have
the inside lap in the pipe run toward the
stove, the outside lap toward the chimney,
and give the horizontal *»art of the pipe a
good big slant toward the stove, the liquid
soot, as I call it. will run into t lie stove.
This is a remedy if it comes from where the
pipe enters the chimney or from the joints
in the pipe. If it comes from the chimney
I know no remedy. mbs. g. h. allen.

Harvester Talks to Farmers — No. 5.

The Economy of Buying Farm Implements and Machinery of the
Highest Quality and the Best Reputation.

HE question of what make
of harvesting machines or
agricultural implements of
any kind that you pay

your hard earned dollars

for is one that concerns
you more than any one

else.

You pay for the machine. You have
to stand the worry and bother if it
breaks when you most need it. You

have to stand the loss if it goes ty pieces
after a few seasons’ use.

On the other hand, if you get a good,
first-class, durable machine, you are the
man who reaps the greatest profit.

For, while the manufacturer is inter¬
ested to the extent of the profit he
makes on the machine, and the dealer
is interested to the extent of what he
makes by selling it to you, you are in¬
terested a full one hundred per cent —
the whole price.

Naturally, then, it behooves you to
think over the matter carefully and not
take a leap in the dark. You can’t
afford to run any risks. You don’t
want to experiment; it is not wise to
allow sentiment or prejudice to influ¬
ence you one way or the other. It’s a
straight business proposition.

How shall you go about it to deter¬
mine what line will give you the best
satisfaction?

>One of the best buyers this country
has ever seen, a man who spends hun¬
dreds of thousands of dollars every
year for his employers, has laid down
this rule in buying :

“I look first to the reputation of the
article in question and ascertain how
generally satisfactory it has been in the
past.

“I look secondly to the facilities of the
producer and ascertain if he has the
ability to make such an article as I am
looking for.

“Guided by these two things, I seldom
make an error in buying, even in lines
with which I am not personally famil¬
iar.”

That’s a good rule, because it’s plain,
every-day common sense.

Facilities. — Can the manufacturer
produce a good article? Has he the
means at hand, or is he trying to make
bricks without straw? Does he know
his business? Has he had the experi¬
ence necessary to success? Can he pro¬
duce the necessary materials for the
work he has undertaken?

Reputation. — In the slang phrase,
“Has he made good?” What do the

people think who have purchased his
product? Idas trade gravitated to his
doors? Has his product given general
satisfaction?

That is the way the careful buyer —
the man who gets a hundred cents in
value for every dollar he spends —
judges every proposition placed before
him. He is not influenced by sentiment
nor prejudice; he does not jump at con¬
clusions.

And that is the way we ask you to
look at the question before you buy har¬
vesting machines.

When you find a line of machines
used by a large majority of the buyers
in that line — not only one season, but
year after year — you are pretty safe in
assuming that that line is giving pretty
general satisfaction.

Well, the International line of har¬
vesting machines is used by a large
per cent of the farmers of America.

They buy the Champion, the .Deering,
the McCormick, the Milwaukee, the
Osborn or the Plano, because they
know they can depend upon these ma¬
chines.

They have seen them tried and tested ;
they have used them, themselves, and
they know they are right.

These lines of harvesting machines
are better today than ever before, be¬
cause the manufacturers have better
facilities than ever before for produc¬
ing them — facilities of greater magni¬
tude and higher quality.

And these improved facilities were
brought about in the most natural man¬
ner in the world — by going to the root
of the matter, and becoming independent
of the uncertain, unstable, fluctuating
open markets for their supply of mate¬
rials used in manufacturing.

In order to secure coal of the right
quality at right prices, the manufactur¬
ers of the Champion, the Deering, the
McCormick, the Milwaukee, the Os¬
born and the Plano harvesting machines
develop their own coal mines.

To secure iron and steel of the high¬
est quality independent of the fluctuat¬
ing iron and steel markets, they
operate their own iron mines, their own
smelting furnaces and their own steel
mills.

In order to make sure that they
should have an abundant supply of
high grade lumber for generations to
come, they own and operate vast forests
and lumber camps, cutting the forests
in strict accordance with the rules of
scientific forestry, and, while thus pro¬

tecting themselves from the certain dam.
ger of a lumber famine, contribute much
to the welfare of the country at large,
by helping preserve its sadly needed for¬
ests.

In order to provide a cheap binding
twine for the use of their customers,
they are now developing the flax twine
industry — not only providing a less ex¬
pensive twine, but opening an entirely
new market for one of the great farm
staples.

And it is not only in raw materials
that they have co-operated. In brains
as well have they been able to secure
common advantages, impossible to them
acting separately.

At every point, from the crude ore
to the completed harvesting machine set
up in the farmer’s field of ripened grain
they have provided, themselves with the
best possible facilities — facilities pos¬
sessed by no other manufacturers in
similar lines.

We ask the thinking grain and grass
growers of America to consider these
things, because they make possible the
production of machines which could not
be produced in any other way — because
they bring to you machines so necessary
to your work, of a higher grade and at
a lower cost than would be possible un¬
der any other conditions.

We point to the reputation of the In¬
ternational line because it is conclusive
evidence that thinking farmers — men
who are discriminating buyers — have
proved to their own satisfaction that
these machines are right.

We point to our unequalled facilities
as evidence that we shall be able to sus¬
tain the reputation made for these ma¬
chines by long years of careful, con¬
scientious manufacture.

There is another point which should
not be overlooked. Throughout this
country you will find regularly estab¬
lished agencies for these machines.
Each dealer understands thoroughly the
machine he represents and carries a full
line of supply and repair parts. If you
should meet with an accident you know
exactly where to get your repairs. You
will not find, as is too often the case, a
valuable machine rendered useless be¬
cause of your inability to get a small
part which you have broken.

Call on the International dealer.
He will be glad to answer, any ques¬
tions, to give you catalogues and furnish
any information concerning the line he
represents.

Harvester Talks 1 to 4 Inclusive Have Appeared In Previous Issues of This Paper.

In the International Harvesting Machines,

Champion, Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee, Osborne and Plano,

The “Business lieu" is a good hook to get
for nothing. I thank you. j. p. d.

Iowa.

About 200 renewals wee received by
this morning’s mail, and 200 books went
back by the afternoon post. If you have
not yet received your book it is here in
a pile with the wrapper on, and a three-
cent postage stamp attached. We have
only to write your name and address on
it, and it will be ready for the mail. It is
a valuable book, and you ought to have it.
It will go back the day your renewal is
received.

You Arc Offered The Quality which comes from the world’s greatest facilities in manufacturing.

The Economy which comes from stable uniform cost of materials.

The Safety which comes from a well established, permanent institution.

The Convenience which comes from separate agencies everywhere and repairs always
on hand.

you cannot afford to overlook these advantages. They are not offered you in other lines of harvesting machines.

Remember. The International Lines are Represented by Different Dealers. See them tor catalogues.

Binders, Reapers, Headers, Header-Binders, Corn Binders, Corn Shockers, Corn Pickers, Huskers and Shredders, Mowers,
Tedders, Hay Rakes, Sweep Rakes, Hay Stackers, Hay Balers, Knife Grinders, Gasoline Engines,

Weber Wagons, Binder Twine.

388

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 6, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Bams, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits, la use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

piuiiui ■ m JL

Grange. Low prices
0. W. INGERSOLL,

PALMER

MR*

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

2 5 to 30 percent coimni8Kion

to <et orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spleen, Extract* and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Prttents ami Coupon*
with every purchase. < HAKGKS PAID
For prompt attention addrea* Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE CHEAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P O. Box 289, 31-38 Veney St. .New York

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00

Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing- Outfits on
Wheels

Thr'e Horse Power, $200.00

Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.

Cos Cob , Conn.

A GOOD NAME IS BETTER
THAN PROMISES. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and yon will have reliable,
safe and economical power.
Ill'd Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3*a H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. M. A. Dissinger & Bro,

400 Cherry Street

WrlghtsviHe, I’enna,

OLDS

ENGINE

ARE USED
BY THE

u. s.

GOVERN¬

MENT

[ENGINE

WITH

PUMP

LJACK

Insending out their last specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.
War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all

others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile ) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y

BALES 15 HAY

halo Hay

Gem and VictorFresses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy.
38 years — 18 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say Hay press to GEO. EKTKL CO., Quincy, llL

TANKS

HKD CYPRESS— WHITE

pine— galvanized
STEEL

CALDWELL

’I'm nk* are the bent made
A*k for illustrated cat¬
alogue and price list*-
abo references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
I^iuiMville, Ky.

MACHINERY

CIDE

Best and cheapest.
Send for catalogue.

BOOMER & BOSCHEST
PRESS CO.,

1X8 West Water St.,
SYRACUSE, If. Y.

*"more

GOOD

CIDER OR wine:

an bo made from a given amount of
apples or grapes with one of our
presses than with any other.

The juice will be purer and
bring higher prices, while
the extra yield soon pays
for the press. We make

HYDRAULICS

in all alres, hand or power. 25
to 300 barrels per day. A Ho
Gasoline A Steam Engine*, Boil¬
er*, Saw- Mill*, Steam Evapora¬
tor*. Apple-butter Cooker*, etc.

Fully guaranteed. Catalog FREE. I

TheHydraulicPressMfo.Co.

12 Main Street, Mt. Gilead, Ohio
^ or Room 1 24-F, 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.

A Nev Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety mall cost may be had by using the

t — v

Improved Ri Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improve » ricsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

30 years and sold in every country In the world Exclu¬
ding water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman

Built by ns for mon
sively intended for^

Sowell built that tD S irablllty Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
active service.

Catalogue to nearest office

30 years ago being
Send stamp fom

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Bouton

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. C92 Craig St., Montreal, I*.

40 North 1th St , Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. 8. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

SIZES

3 to 13J4 feet

Agents

Wanted.

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and leveler.

SENT ON TRIAL.

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.

The best pulverizer — cheapest
Riding Harrow on earth. The
Acme crushes, cuts, pul¬
verizes, turns aud levels

Swi, all soils for all purposes.

Made entirely of cast
steel and wrought iron

— indestructible.

_ Catalog and booklet.

— -.F^: ^“Ar\ Ideal Harrow" by

_ s-sianiir’ Henry Stewart sent free.

I deliver f. o. b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc.

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, NewAJersey.

BRANCH HOUSES: 1 10 W. Washington St., CHICACO. 240-244 7th Avo. S., MINNEAPOLIS. 1 31 6 W. 8th St.,
KANSAS CITY. MO. 216 1 Oth St., LOUISVILLE, KY.©Cor. Water and W. Cay Sts., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER.

THE JOHNSTON

“Continental” Binder

CONTI

*NTAL

Backed by 22 Years of Successful Binder Building

The best that brains can invent, money provide or skilled hands construct. Of
light draft and great driving power. It cuts, reels, elevates and binds any kind
of grain on any kind of ground— ties every bundle without waste, picks up and
handles perfectly down and tangled grain. Has the greatest capacity of elevation,
the trip never repeats, has steel frames, wheels, platforms, canvas tighteners, gear
drive reel, right hand levers. Our special Johnston “Continental” folder explains its
many valuable and superior points of construction and the working of its various parts
—just the information you want before buying a new binder. Send us your address.
We send it free, also our general catalogue describing our full line of Johnston
Implements that won the St. Louis Grand Prize . Write today for both.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., Box C-1 Batavia, N. Y.

NOT THROWN TOGETHER

—the way the Buggies are made that the Catalogue Houses offer to sell you for a Song1.

WHERE THE
VALLE OP OUR

SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL "WiMW AT

WE -want to say a word or two about
the workmanship not found in Split
Hickory Buggies. We employ no
girl labor in our trimming department. Our
cushions, tops, and other parts of trimmings
are not done by 553-a-week girls, but by skilled
union labor that gets good wages. We em¬
ploy no boy paint daubers, such as are hired
by factories that are eternally trying to re¬
duce the cost to meet the demands of mail
order house buyers. We carry
wheels, gear, body and all
woodwork of Split Hickory
Vehicles 100 days in pure oil
and lead. We put on 16
coats of paint — and our
painting and striping is
done by experts. We use
thoroughly seasoned,
straight-grained Split Hick¬
ory— (split, not sawed.)
Building buggies is a good
deal like making violins, so far
as material is concerned. A violin can be made of basswood, in the same shape as one
made of the finest maple and spruce, but the music isn’t there. You can use any old
kind of wood in a buggy and cover it up with

THE

PAINT

paint and varnish to make it look right, but
it won’t stand the strain of hard usage.

If you could lift up the paint and varnish
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one Split Hickory is worth three catalogue
house vehicles that sell for a total of 890.

Behind the Paint and Varnish is the Real Value of a Split Hickory Vehicle!

We Are the Originators of Selling Vehicles on 30 Days Free Trial

W© began selling under this plan with the additional protection to the buyer of a two years' legal guarantee, and
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Juftt u Postal Card will bring you our Complete 1905 Catalogue of 192 pages, which shows our full
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factory. The catalogue tells the whole story.

THE OHIO CARRIAGE MEG. CO. (H. C. Phelps, Pres.) Station 290, , CINCINNATI, 0.

FREE PAINT SAMPLE OFFER

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WE LEAD THE WORLD

*

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BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

Quaker City Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CCUT nw TRIAI Built In 8 Sizes, l to 20
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38th Annual Catalogue.

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I lie Ml III Oil dUU UUi 47-49 Canal St. Chicago.Ill

Any farm hand

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Arrow Brand Asphalt

AQENT5

Y/aNtED

quick

p^RMERS

STAND 8Y

>8 TOOLS IN

One:

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nall Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

P On© of our agenteBaye he will make 11500 next year. Web©-
lleve be can. Thlil* the beat seller wo Write for

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J.B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown.O.

The Great Agents Supply House.

ALL KIND* OF

Set with the

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save the grower expense. Abso¬
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Circulars free. Agents wanted.

Frauing Shears also a Specialty.

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HORSE POWERS

THRASHERS
and CLEANERS

One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level OMTTCDe
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed & Ensilage uUI I trio
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKEYSTONEA6R'LWORKS,Poltstov>n,Pa

TWENTY BUSHELS

Of WHEAT

to the Acre

is tho record on the FREE
Homestead Lands of Western
Canada for 1904. The 150.000
farmers from the United State,
who during the past seven year,
have pone to Canada participate
In this prosperity. The United
States will soon become un
importer of Wheat, (xet a

Free Homestead

or purchase a farm In

WESTERN
CANADA

and become one of those who will help
produce it. This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Cun., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.
Mention this paper.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2885.

NEW YORK, MAY 13, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

THE MORGAN HORSE.

His History and Good Qualities.

1 he founder of this deservedly famous family was
bred by a school-master named Justin Morgan, foaled
at or near Springfield, Mass, in 1789, and taken by Mr.
Morgan to Randolph, Vt., when a colt. He was known
as the Justin Morgan horse, and after the death of
his owner as Justin Morgan, the horse, hence the fam¬
ily name. He was small, compactly built, muscular, of
perfect conformation ; color, a beautiful dark bay with
coal-black points, delicate, fine-pointed ears and eyes
full of intelligence and gentleness. He was an eager,
tireless roadster, his trot being true and frictionless,
his walk snappy and rapid ; in fact, he could outtrot,
outwalk, outrun, outdraw and outstay any horse of
whatever size ever pitted against him. His proud and
lofty bearing and free, elastic step made him of especial
value under saddle, and he loved to exhibit himself at
fairs and musters. Many are the anecdotes of the faith¬
fulness, intelligence, docility, endurance and speed of
this horse and his descendants which are told by those
who love to keep his memory green. He died at 32
years without an unsoundness or blemish
of any kind. That he should be possessed
of all these characteristics' was his birth¬
right, as he inherited the bluest of blue
blood from two long lines of illustrious
ancestors, tracing in direct male line to the
Byerly Turk, with certainly two crosses to
the Godolphin Arabian. His dam traced
direct in male line to the Godolphin and on
both sides he inherited from the Darley
Arabian.

His sons were not large, but were pos¬
sessed of his characteristic qualities to a
remarkable degree, while the third and
later generations showed a consistent in¬
crease in size, still retaining the family
hall-marks. His son, Sherman, 13^4 hands,
produced Black Hawk, who had one son
which stood 17 hands high and weighed
1,450 pounds. Black Hawk was sire of
Ethan Allen and grandsire of Daniel Lam¬
bert. Denning Allen, champion at Chicago
World’s Fair, was grandson of Ethan Al¬
len, and inbred Morgan. Woodbury Mor¬
gan, son of Justin, produced Gifford Mor¬
gan, the greatest show horse of his day.

His son, Green Mountain Morgan — 14]/2
hands — was sire of many large ones, nota¬
ble among which was Baltimore Morgan —

16 hands, 1,400 pounds — sire of Joe Ren-
nock, said by John Harkness to be the
handsomest and best horse he had ever seen, excepting
none. Woodbury also produced Tally Ho Morgan —
16 hands, 1,300 pounds — from a daughter of the hack¬
ney Tally Ho. From Morgan Tally Ho descended
many of the magnificent Vermont coach and carriage
horses of the middle and latter half of the last cen¬
tury. The family is also well represented in the saddle-
horse register, and an examination of the pedigrees of
the best and fastest trotters and pacers proves that the
never-say-die element in the Morgan blood has been at
least no detriment to extreme speed.

The accompanying illustration, Fig. 159, is reproduced
from a photograph, taken at four years, of the regis¬
tered Morgan, Flying Star, owned by the proprietor of
Maple Grove Farm, West Claremont, N. H., and shows
the prepotency of the blood after 110 years. Flying
Star is a beautiful cherry bay with small star, and in
.conformation, action, style and disposition he is faith¬
ful to his inheritance. He is strongly inbred to Justin
through Woodbury, Sherman and Bulrush, tracing in
direct paternal line through Flying Morgan and Gifford
to Woodbury ; in fact, he is as nearly all Morgan as it
is possible for a horse to be, and he shows nothing else.

All his foals are unmistakably of the family. Any true
horse lover who has never been intimately associated
with a horse of the genuine Morgan quality and dis¬
position has missed something of the best equine com¬
panionship. If the same judgment and care had been
exercised in the breeding and rearing of Morgan horses
as has been expended upon the Hambletonian the result
would have most surely proven our wisdom. It is even
possible that a Morgan might have made Lou Dillon
hustle for the crown. golddust.

FOOD FOR THE FARM TEAM.

What grain do you feed your farm team, and how much?
What part of this is given at noon? Ilow much hay do they
get, and do you use cut hay? About what: do your horses
weigh, and how old are they? Ilow much road work do
they get?

My work animals are mules, five years old, weighing
about 1,000 pounds. I give one gallon of oats and two
ears of corn and all the hay they will clean up. It is not
run through a cutting box. Grain is fed equal parts
morning, noon and night. Their road work is one trip
to the city each week, but during berry season it is
every day, 25 miles round trip. They put out and culti¬

vate 15 or 20 acres of corn each season. The old fam¬
ily horse does the single work in small fruit, and some
of the runabout work ; he is of age, so he gets ground
feed, oats one gallon, cornmeal one-half gallon, and
all the hay he will eat. a. m.

We keep one work team of about 1,200 pounds each,
aged 7 and It respectively, and one driver and third
horse of 1,000 pounds, aged 15. The work team are
trotted but little; the driver is in harness about every
day. We feed the work team in Winter six quarts of
grain per day in three feeds; in Summer 12 to 16 quarts
in three feeds, and all the hay they will eat clean at
all times. The driver gets 12 quarts in three feeds all
the time, and all the hay she wants at night ; a little less
morning and noon. We raise our own grain ; mostly
it is barley and oats one to two, and feed it unground
unless fer any reason it does not seem to digest well, as
it will when on full feed. When feeding bought grain
we use bran and cracked corn, half and half by bulk, and
feed according to the work from eight to 16 quarts.

Charlotte, Vt. g. m. h.

I feed ground rye and oats, half and half by meas¬
ure. When working ray horses hard I feed 12 quarts

each, four at morning, four at noon, and four at night.
If working very hard, I give an extra two quarts at
night. I his I fe,ed on cut hay or straw, wet with
hot water in Winter and cold water in weather when it
will not freeze; also at night give them some loose hay.
As to the amount of hay they get in the 24 hours I
could not say, as I never weigh any, but give what I
think they need. My present horses will weigh about
1,000 pounds each. I have three horses 12 years old
and a farm of 200 acres. These horses do all the farm
work and a large amount of road work also, as I haul a
good deal of wood to market, and have to drive 6)4
miles each way. With this amount of feed, my team
is always ready for business; of course, they will not
stand much fast roading, but are in condition every
flay for a good day’s work. I have tried feeding the
grain dry, but I am satisfied they got more benefit from
the grain when fed on cut hay or oat straw. My reason
for thinking so is that it does not enter the stomach
in such a compact form, and of course takes longer to
digest than if fed alone. They will not drink much
water when fed in this way. c. w. h.

Spencertown, N. Y.

Our horses weigh about 1,200 pounds,
and are nine and ten years old ; have been
well wintered and are in very good order.
They have had but little work to do dur¬
ing the Winter, just about enough for good
exercise, consequently we have fed them
but little grain. We are now, however, in¬
creasing on the grain ration, which con¬
sists of two parts oats and one part corn
finely ground, giving them at present about
three quarts of the mixture three times a
day. Our work horses have but little road
work to do. We have never fed cut hay
to horses. Most of our hay last season was
secured in good condition and is nice and
bright. We give them what they will eat
in about an hour. Hay inclined to be
dusty should be thoroughly sprinkled with
water a few hours previous to feeding. Our
plan when feeding such hay was to keep
one feed of hay wet in advance. Sprinkling
it at the time of feeding we did not find
satisfactory. Carrots are one of the best
conditioners for horses a farmer can raise.
We grow a few bushels every year espe¬
cially to feed our horses during the Winter.
They are also fine for milch cows.

Burton, Mich. e. d. b.

We feed to our horses corn, oats and
hay. When at hard work they are fed
eight or nine ears each, which would shell
Atl/z to five pounds, and six to seven pounds oats. Corn
is fed night and morning and oats at noon. They are
given all the Timothy hay (uncut) they will eat, es¬
pecially at night. Weight of horses is about 1,200 to
1,300 pounds, and they are of different ages, four to
15 years. At this time of year we feed in addition a
small quantity of mill feed two or three times a week,
and later they run on Timothy grass when not at
work. We have but little road work. w. s. e.

Casey, Ill.

I feed my horses from 8 to 12 quarts of grain per
day. I feed oats or oats and corn ground. One-third
is given at noon. They get 15 to 20 pounds uncut
hay per day. My horses are 10 to 12 years of age, and
weigh about 1,250 pounds each. One has gone six or
eight miles per day on a milk delivery wagon, and
from four to six hours’ farm work. The other one
has her share of the farm work only. Last year she
raised me a colt to offset the milk team work of the
horse. b. a. c.

Colebrook, N. H.

During Winter months I feed seven ears of corn
twice a day with hay. Prairie hay is all I use for my

MORGAN HORSE FLYING STAR. Fig. 159.

39o

May 13,

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

horses, and not cut. As we begin to work or drive
we increase the feed till we get up to full rations. In

cool weather 10 or 12 ears of corn twice a day, four

quarts of oats and six ears of corn at noon. As it gets
wanner we feed corn and oats morning and noon, a
jjood forkful of hay at each meaT. My working horses
are from seven to 11 years old and weigh from 1,150
to 1,250 pounds. Road work is mostly about six miles
a week, but sometimes we go to Des Moines, 9'/) miles
from nere, but nowadays not very often, as we have
our mail at the railroad station within one-half mile
of the house and can get our groceries as cheap as a
general thing as in the city. The cars arc quicker than

the team to the city, and as a general thing it is

cheaper to go that way, taking all things into consid¬
eration, than to drive a team to the city. R. c. s.

Campbell, Iowa.

I only kefcp one pair of mares, 11 and 13 years old,
and they seldom work over eight hours a day. They
are what may be called general purpose horses, weight
about 1,150 pounds, and used for peddling milk and
driving. I have no fixed rule for feeding. When they
are at work right along through Spring work and hay¬
ing, I feed provender, three quarts corn and oats
ground, equal parts, for morning and night, and oats
four quarts at noon, and a good forkful of hay ; never
weigh or cut it. Along the latter part of Summer, when
the work slacks up, I begin to feed sweet corn, and at
husking time feed flint corn whole ears, and through
Winter no grain at noon, hut a few potatoes or car¬
rots. They are always sleek and fat, and ready to go
on the road a fair gait, or work. G. b. ii.

Mood us, Conn.

KING STABLE VENTILATION.

In putting in King system of ventilators, what is the
best way to finish the out-take flues above the roof? l. s.

Jamestown, N. Y.

If upon a new barn I would use a round double flue
of galvanized iron with the air space of six inches
stuffed with straw. The same could be used upon an
old barn if there were no former cupolas into which it
might be advantageous to run the flues. A single solid
wall of any material would he cold and inclined to con¬
dense the vapor as it came up. In severe weather frost
and ice would gather, and later melt and run to the floor
below, or leak out of the flue if it was crooked and
not watertight. Just keep in mind the principle that at
no place during the passage of this vaporized air from
stable to the open air above must it be permitted to
condense. That means complete insulation. If you
have a cupola and want to run the flues into' it, you
can do so by taking off the sides, leaving the flue from
below far enough above the roof (three to five feet)
so that nothing will interfere with a free current of
air across the top. no matter which way the wind
blows. The cupola should, of course, have a tight
roof. There must be a roof above the flue of some
kind to keep out rain and snow. h. e. cook.

EXPERIMENT STATIONS AT COUNTY
FARMS.

The Kansas Legislature has passed a bill which aims to
extend the work of the State Experiment Station by organ¬
izing substations at county poor farms. Prof. Ten Eyck
of the Kansas College refers to the plan as follows:

The bill originated largely in this office, and the gen¬
eral plan was simply to make it optional with the
county commissioners to authorize the carrying on of
experiments in co-operation with the State Experiment
Station. The present plan is to undertake experiments
with crops at the county poor farms in different sec¬
tions of the State. These experiments will consist in
the testing of different varieties of different crops rela¬
tive to their adaptation and productiveness, the intro¬
duction of new crops, experimenting with different cul¬
ture methods for different crops, and the selection and
breeding of seeds of certain crops, or varieties adapted
for the different localities.

The immediate object, in my judgement, is to intro¬
duce among farmers in different sections of the State
better-bred and better-adapted varieties of crops than
are at present grown, making the county farm the- cen¬
ter of agriculture for the county, and for the distri¬
bution of new and improved varieties of seed of the
several crops which are most successfully grown in the
county. Of course the same work, as has been sug¬
gested foi farm crops, can be done with fruit ; and ul¬
timately, possibly, work in handling and breeding of
stock may be undertaken at these county experiment
stations. As you have suggested, the plan seems to
he an excellent one. Of course there will he many
difficulties to meet before the undertaking is put on a
fairly good working basis.

I have written a letter to every county poor-farm
superintendent in the State (including something over
80 poor farms), hut not more than a dozen have an¬
swered my letter. As a rule the county farms are
poorly managed for carrying on such experimental
work as would prove valuable to the county and the

State. Before this work can he carried on successfully
the people of the county must take an interest in it ;
and the county commissioners must take favorable
action, appropriating the necessary funds to meet the
necessary expenses of carrying on the work, and men
must be put in charge who know something of agri¬
culture, and who will take an interest in properly car¬
rying out the work which is undertaken in co-operation
with the State Experiment Station. Few of the super¬
intendents now in charge of the county farms are well
titted to do anything along this line, hut many of these
men will he able to prepare themselves for this work.
In my judgment, men who are agriculturally educated
must eventually take the places of the superintendents
now in charge of the county farms, before the co-oper¬
ative work can be successfully carried out. Such a
plan of carrying on experiments at the county poor
farms is already in use in Iowa to some extent, al¬
though no special provision has been made by the
Slate Legislature for this work, the work being car¬
ried on at the option of the county commissioners and
the officers of the Experiment Station.

Kansas Ag’l College. a. m. ten eyck.

MICE THE CURSE OF THE MULCH SYSTEM.

I have always been much prepossessed in favor of
the practice of mulching, and have practiced it on
various crops during a life of 78 years. 1 once raised
a splendid crop of Tr>omphe cle Gand strawberries on
the hill system, i. e., taking off all of the runners)
by mulching the ground (about an acre) heavily be¬
tween the rows, immediately after planting, giving the
held no cultivation. Winter before last was fatal to
the Cuthbert raspberries on our loamy, gravelly plain ;
but by burying a small patch of the Golden Queen
(which is said to be an albino offshoot of the Cuth¬
bert) 1 succeeded in raising a fine crop. After laying
them down, and confining them to the earth with
earth placed on the upper end of the bushes, last Fall,
I covered the rest of the bushes with a heavy mulch of
poNato vines and leaves. This was done very late in
the season. When I uncovered this Spring I found the

THE RUSH WALNUT. Fig. 1(50. See Rurallsms, Rage 394.

bushes somewhat damaged by mice. The thin hark of
the raspberry must be the poorest kind of fodder, hut
hunger seems to have driven them to it.

I deposited a large heap of cornstalks where one edge
just touched an old apple tree. The mice found lodg¬
ings in the heap, but for board they could get nothing
better than the thick bark of the apple tree near the
root. This they used largely. This is a specimen
of what mice will do under stress of hunger. The ex¬
periment that I am trying consists in depositing corn¬
stalks between the rows of raspberries, thick enough
so no weeds can grow, thus saving the expense of culti¬
vation through the season. I see hut one serious objec¬
tion to the extensive use of mulching in cases where it
can be readily obtained, and that is mice. I would he
exceedingly thankful if in the large constituency of
The R. N.-Y. readers some one could tell of an effectual
method of poisoning or otherwise destroying this pest,
aside from dispensing with mulching. I feel very
friendly to the cats that make tracks all around my
belongings in Winter ; but cats cannot go where mice
can, and mulching seems to he the best protection for
them. A recipe that would effectually dispose of this
gardeners’ curse would he thankfully received.

H. J. SEYMOUR.

CHEMICALS WITH C01V MANURE.

My half-acre garden has been manured for some years
past, with cow manure. It is devoted to vegetables and
small fruits. What chemicals, how much and when can I
profitably use this year on the garden?

You will find an application of muriate of potash
and acid phosphate very useful. Cow manure is com¬
paratively rich in nitrogen, hut has very small propor¬
tion of potash and phosphoric acid. Even though it
contains large quantities of nitrogen, it frequently hap¬
pens that this very nitrogen is not in a soluble or avail¬
able form. As warm weather progresses and the soil
becomes warm and moist, the nitrogen in the cow ma¬
nure becomes more available, and is therefore more
effective towards the end of the season than it is dur¬
ing the Spring. If you desire to raise early crops, like
lettuce, radishes, or early peas, cow manure is not as

I

effective as other forms of barnyard fertilizer, because
its nitrogen is not soluble. You can use in connec¬
tion with the cow manure a fair quantity of soluble
nitrogen. The best form for applying this is nitrate
of soda. Even with a heavy use of cow manure, you
will find it profitable to use on your half acre about
150 pounds of nitrate of soda. Plow the cow manure
under if possible, and after the seeds are planted or
the plants put in place, scatter the nitrate evenly over
the ground, keeping it at least six inches away from
any living plant. Either rake or cultivate it thoroughly
into the soil. It is caustic or burning in its action, and
should not he put directly around young and tender
plants. The effect of the nitrate of soda will be to
qflickcn the early growth in the garden, and its effect
will be probably lost about June or July. Then the
cow manure will become more available and carry the
crops through. In addition to this nitrate of soda, I
would advise the use also of at least 100 pounds of
muriate of potash and 250 pounds of acid phosphate.
These will supply potash and phosphoric acid. We
judge that your garden is lacking in these elements.
In applying the muriate of potash and phosphoric acid,
scatter them evenly about the ground immediately after
plowing or digging, and rake or harrow them evenly
into the ground. It is important that these fertilizers
should not he left upon the surface, hut should be
worked under the soil. When you apply these chemi¬
cals you know exactly what you are doing. You may
consider it more convenient to use a mixed fertiliser.
In that case select one containing about two per cent
of nitrogen, nine per cent of phosphoric acid, and six
or seven per cent of potash. You will find it more to
your advantage, however, to use the chemicals if you
can get them, because when you use the nitrate of soda
you will know that you are applying soluble nitrogen;
whereas if you buy a ready-mixed fertilizer you may
be applying nitrogen in organic form, which is no more
available than that in the cow manure.

SHEEP WITH DAIRY.

I have always been a lover of sheep, and have owned
a flock ever since I was 12 years old. Years ago the
amount of wool was the object sought for, and when
it brought from 75 cents to $1 per pound the Merinos
were strictly in it. shearing from seven to 10 pounds
per head, and small flocks often reaching 12 pounds,
but of later years mutton has been more of an object
than wool, and especially lambs, for that reason we look,
to the large type of coarse wooled breeds. After look
ing over the different breeds, I saw none, that I thought,
was any better for wool and lambs than the Shrop-
shires. They are excellent mothers, very prolific, and
when fed and cared for, give lots of milk. My flock
average aboout eight pounds of wool per head and I
seldom have less than three lambs to turn out for
two ewes and of'en every ewe will have twin lambs.
Two years ago all had twins but two, and they had
triplets. 1 lost only one lamb and that got killed. They
rfe a quiet breed, that is, mine are; are easy to handle
for large sheep, and the lambs are always tame. It
makes a great difference about sheep being afraid of
the one in charge of the fleck.

Now, as to the profits of keeping sheep with a dairy,
I do not expect all will agree with me. Profits depend
on the man and the management to a great extent,
My flock average about $8 per head from wool and
lambs. Two years ago they averaged $11 per head.
When we were all making butter instead of selling milk,
I made as much butter per cow as tliose that did not
keep sheep around here ; our make averaging 300
pounds per cow for the year. For that reason I came
to the conclusion that the flock was not a detriment to
the pasture for the cows.

The sheep will take care of themselves, for they arc
up at daylight and feeding. They will pick their living,
four weeks earlier in the Spring that cows will. If you
keep your cows built up, and with a good flow of milk,
you can begin to feed them in August, while the sheep
will care for themselves until the middle of November.
1 never bouse my sheep until about lambing time. They
have a shed that is always open for them, and I see
that they are in, if a cold storm comes on, but other¬
wise, they are always out in the open. Oats always give
me satisfaction, when fed to them in the Winter. I
generally save a load or two of sheaves for the sheep,
as they are fond of grinding their own feed. Once in
a while I give a feed of corn, just for a change, and
I feed beets as long as they last, then a mess of po‘a
toes once a week.

Since feeding in the above manner and with plenty
of out door exercise, I have bad no weak lambs to
bother with. The last of February and first of March
suits me for the lambs to begin to come. When ‘hey
are about two weeks old they begin to eat a little grain.
They have all they care to eat, until they go out to
grass ; and they get very tame by being with them so
much. When I go to the barn and sit down, in about
five minutes I have a row of lambs around me.

New York. s.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

THE NEW-PROCESS LIMES IN BORDEAUX
MIXTURES.

REQUISITES FOR SUCCESS.— In a recent num¬
ber of The R. N.-Y., page 227, I discussed the mak¬
ing of Bordeaux Mixture with what is now on the
market as the “new-process” limes. The information I
gave was largely theoretical. 1 have just been making
some tests of several different kinds of these “new-
process” limes to determine their qualities for making

WELL-MADE BORDEAUX MIXTURES. Fig. 161.

Bordeaux Mixture. To make a good Bordeaux Mix¬
ture, it is necessary that the lime be so constituted
chemically as to combine with the copper sulphate and
neutralize it; then it is equally as essential that the
combination be made in such a way as to produce a
very fine-grained or flocculent precipitate, which will
settle very slowly so as not to require constant agi¬
tation in the spray pump. Such an ideal Bordeaux
Mixture can be easily made with any good stone lime,
freshly slaked, provided both the lime and copper sul¬
phate are very much diluted before they are poured
together. One correspondent has just described for me
his method of making Bordeaux Mixture, which is
simple and easily accomplished, and one that will pro¬
duce almost an ideal mixture. He says: “In mak¬
ing Bordeaux Mixture as we do in batches of 150
gallons, we start with three barrels upon a platform
elevated above the top of the sprayer tank, each barrel
emptying into a trough common to all. Into one barrel
we put 15 pounds of dissolved copper sulphate and fill
the barrel with water; into another barrel from 18 to 20
pounds of “new-process” lime is poured and the barrel
is then filled with water; the third barrel is filled with
clear water. After thoroughly agitating the contents
of the barrels we open the faucets of all three and let
them flow together into a spray tank, and get good re¬
sults, there being little sediment ever in the bottom of
our tank, and the Bordeaux stands up well.”

NEW PROCESS LIMES. — I have just tested four
different brands of “new-process” limes, all of which
were made from Dolomitic or magnesium limestones. A
chemical analysis of these limes showed from 2.8 to 38
per cent of magnesia, and the quicklime varied from
40 to 60 per cent, the. remainder being largely water.
One sample was the “limoid,” now recommended for
making the kerosene-lime mixtures. Another sample
was designated as “freshly-burned, finely-ground lime,”
which would not keep more than three or four weeks
in this condition. Ano*her S' mple, which was said to
be five years old, had practically all air-slaked, and
could not be used in making Bordeaux mixture, as
will be shown later. All of these “new process” limes
were tested beside a good stone lime, and also with the
best stone finishing lime I could get. The test con¬
sisted simply of making a Bordeaux Mixture with the
various limes according to the formula of five pounds
of copper sulphate, five pounds of lime, and 50 gal¬
lons of water. Small batches were made up and poured
into tall, glass cylinders and allowed to settle for vari¬
ous periods. In the illustrations are shown the results
of these tes‘s af'.er the mixture had stood certain defi¬
nite times. In Figs. 161 and 162 all of the mixtures
were properly made by pouring together dilute lime
and dilute copper sulplr te solutions. It will be noted
that after standing 2 \A hours, A is the best Bordeaux.
It was made with the best stone finishing lime. B, C.
D, and E were made with “new-process” limes, all mak¬
ing about an equally good Bordeaux Mixture, but not
so good as that made with the best stone lime. At
F is shown our attempt to make a Bordeaux Mixture
with the five-year-old air-slaked “new-process” lime. It
would net combine with the copper sulphate nor neu¬
tralize it and very soon settled to the bottom. After
the mixtures had stood for six hours, C and E had set¬
tled considerably more than B and D. A is made with
best stone lime (Canaan finishing lime) ; B with Seneca
white, fine ground unslaked lime; C with limoid; D

Field Force Pump new-process lime; E Seneca white
new-process hydrated lime; F Seneca white new-process
lime, which was five years old, and had air-slaked.
In Fig 163 Bordeaux Mixtures which had stood for
five hours are shown. X was not properly made, as
the dry, “new- process” lime was dumped directly into
the diluted copper sulphate solution. Contrast this
with Y, which was properly made with the same lime.

Z was a Bordeaux Mixture made with an ordinary
good brand of stone lime, such as most fruit-growers
doubtless get. Note how more flocculent the precipitate
is in \ and Z than in X. The former Bordeaux Mix¬
tures would not need so much agitation in the spray
tank and would not be so liable to clog the nozzles.

AVOID AIR-SLAKED LIME. — Some other results
of the tests are that one should never attempt to make *
Bordeaux Mixture with air-slaked lime. I am in¬
formed that some unscrupulous dealers have put on the
market air-slaked lime as “new-process” lime. It is
evident from the tests that practically as good a Bor¬
deaux Mixture, both chemically and mechanically, can
be made with the “new-process” limes as with ordi¬
nary stone lime. But it is very essential that the “new-
process” limes be fresh and newly made. Just how long
these limes can stand before air-slaking I do not know,
but we have tested some that have stood in barrels for
four or five months, and they seemed to work all
right. I would not recommend, however, that any of
the “new-process” limes be used when more than a
year old. One can easily make a simple test which
will soon determine whether the lime is good. Take
a small quantity and make up a little Bordeaux Mix¬
ture according to the formula given above, and use
the ferro-cyanide test. Five cents’ worth of these poi¬
son crystals dissolved in a pint of water will last a
season or two for testing. If the test liquid turns a
dark brown color as soon as a few drops touch the

MORE WELL-MADE MIXTURES. Fig. 162.

Bordeaux, more lime must be added until the liquid
does not change color. Litmus paper can be used also
for determining when the sulphate is neutralized. If
the five pounds of lime considerably more than neutral¬
izes the five pounds of copper sulphate, and the mixture
does not settle very fast, it would be safe to purchase
such lime in quantities for spraying. I would not buy
my “new-process” limes without first making such a
simple test, because, as shown above, they will all air-
slake in time. Furthermore, by such a test, one could
never be fooled into buying air-slaked lime for “new-
process” lime.

QUANT I TIES REQUIRED. — I was interested to
know if it would take more “new-process lime than
stone lime to make a good Bordeaux Mixture. I found
that about one-half the quantity of stone lime, or about
2 x/z pounds, was sufficient thoroughly to neutralize the
five pounds of copper sulphate, but that an equal quan¬
tity of “new-process” lime, or about 21Z pounds, was
not quite enough to overcome the acidity of the copper
sulphate. This result was rather surprising, because I
had thought that the formula did not call for such an
excess of lime over enough to neutralize the copper
sulphate. This result shows that by the use of the
ferro-cyanide test, by which one can readily determine
when enough lime has been added, that much lime can
be saved and thus the mixture cheapened. It is always
advisable, however, to add about as much more lime,
especially during rainy seasons, when weather condi¬
tions act upon the spray after it is on the foliage, and
unless there is plenty of lime considerable injury to
the foliage may result. Doubtless the reason why it
takes more “new-process” lime than stone lime to make
a good Bordeaux Mixture is because the former limes
are about one-third magnesia, which does not enter
chemically into the Bordeaux Mixture. Fresh, “new-
process” limes, except the one mentioned above, which
was described as “freshly-burned and finely ground."
are limes which are water-slaked dry. The lime just
mentioned is not slaked, however, and when put into

39 1

water will finally slake, like stone lime. It is cheaper
than the other “new-process” limes, but it will not
keep so long in good condition, hence there would be
more risk in getting it.

ADVANTAGES OF NEW-PROCESS LIMES.—
In brief, I was much surprised at the results of the
above tests, and must change my opinion regarding
these “new-process” limes for making Bordeaux Mix¬
ture. They cost a little more than stone lime, but when
you buy a barrel, all of the material can be used rather
than one-half or two-thirds of it in the center of the
barrel, as in the case of stone lime. Then it is much
easier simply to dump the lime into water and stir it
up without having to wait for it and watch it while
slaking. If I were a fruit grower, I would use the
“new-process” limes, but would first make sure by the
simple test described above that I was getting com¬
paratively fresh material. But I would not dump the
dry lime into the copper sulphate solution, even when
the latter was much diluted. I am receiving many in¬
quiries regarding these limes, and have gained much
information from the experiments described above. I
hope the facts have been put in such a way that, by the
aid of the illustrations, farmers will be able to get a
better notion regarding the proper making of Bordeaux
Mixture, and that the comparative tests of these “new-
process” limes with stone lime may be of as much
benefit to the public as they have been to me.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

THE PASSING OF THE NOON HOUR.

We, out here in Iowa, are trying to keep up with
the times as well as we can. The R. F. D. lays (he
Chicago dailies the same day they are printed on our
table at noon, when we return from the field ; giving
us the very latest news, both home and foreign. How
differently that noon hour is spent than before the
R. F. D. came. We then got our mail once or twice a
week. Taking two or three weekly papers, we would
read them through and have a little rest spell every
noon. But now, as soon as we return from the field
and horses are put into the barn and fed, we go to
the house if dinner is ready we eat. If not, to-day’s
mail receives our attention. And as soon as dinner is
over we must see how the Japs arc getting along. Then
there are the weather reports, and the markets. There
is some news from Washington to be looked at. Some
foreign news, too. We have to read how they are
getting along with the beef trust investigation, and how
Kansas is getting along with the Standard Oil fight.
Then the old Rural New-Yorker has just cotne
and we must glance over it and other good papers a
minute, but we will have to leave them until night.
Well we have spent more time than we intended, so
we drop our papers and away to the field. No idling
now. The R. F. D.’s coming brought an end to that
old time idle rest spell at noon ; that was either spent
smoking the pipe or lying dreamily watching the fleecy
clouds pass and change.

Yes, that swee* idle restful hour lias gone out of
existence, just as many machines and modes of doing
things have gone, substituted by something better.

The R. F. D. makes a busier life for the farmer,
but it broadens his views. Gives him more to think
about. Things and events thousands of miles away
now interest him deeply that before he knew little
of and cared less for. Yes, the R. F. D. makes the
farmer a busier and up-to-date man. Jt used to be the
noon hour was the time to go and see our neighbors on
some little business, while there we would talk awhile.
Maybe hear something good; sometimes something bad.
And if anything interesting when we came home we
would go into the house and tell the women folks.

A CONTRAST IN MIXTURES. Fig. 163.

Spending a little time in telling it and talking it over.
Not so now. It is now "Please give us Mr. So-and-
So.” In about 10 seconds we hear a "Hello!” In
about a minute we have stated our wants and received
his answer and then “goodbye.”

This brings to mind that there is always something
useful in The Rural New Yorker. Some time ago I
needed help very badly. Could not find a man anywhere
and wages away up. Noticed in R. N.-Y., that im¬
migrant labor bureaus of New York furnished help.
Wrote them and got what I wanted, b. d.

Iowa.

392

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 13,

FARMERS’ CLUB

f Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Mixing of Pumpkins and Melons.

C. L. G., McNabb. III. — Would watermelons
and pumpkins, or squashes and pumpkins mix
when planted near together? Would the
fruits mix, or would it be just the seeds
that mixed?

Ans. — Many experiments have shown
that watermelons do not mix or hybridize
with pumpkins, squashes, cucumbers or
muskmelons. They may he freely planted
near these vegetables without injury to
the fruits or the seeds. Watermelons oc¬
casionally hybridize with the preserving
citron, and the different varieties of

watermelons very freely mix if planted
together. There is little or no change in
the fruits the same season, but the seeds
cannot be relied on to come true the

succeeding years.

Sal Soda for Hen Lice.

C. II. M., Portvlllc, X. Y. — I have read
that sal soda or common washing soda was
better and cheaper than any other spray for
henhouse to kill mites and lice. IIow many
pounds to a given quantity of water, and
how used?

Ans. — I have never heard of the use
of sal soda for spraying henhouses. I

should think it would require quite a

strong solution, which would be as ex¬
pensive as some other mixtures that are
known to be effective. It would not kill
the lice, as they are on the hens, but the
mites live during the day on the perches
and walls of the house, going on the hens
like a bedbug at night. One could use
common lye, at the rate of one pound
in three or four gallons of water, or a
good strong whitewash is good, but a fine
spray of pure kerosene is, I think, the
best of all. A gallon will go a long way
in a very fine spray.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Growing and Using Celeriac.

F. II. G., Tekamoh, Neb. — Will you give
some information concerning celeriac? We
do not succeed well in growing celery. Is
celeriac a substitute? Is is grown in a level
bed or ditches? Does it have the same flavor
as celery? Are the tops used, or only the
roots? Is It cooked or eaten raw?

Ans. — The culture of celeriac or turnip-
rooted celery is quite identical with that
of ordinary celery, except that it needs
no earthing up or blanching, as the en¬
larged root is eaten instead of the top
or stems. The seeds should be sown
very early in Spring in a well-prepared
seed bed on frame in a shaded position.
The bed must be kept well watered, as
the seeds germinate slowly. When large
enough to handle they should be trans¬
planted about three inches apart each
way, and later transplanted to rows in
the garden about two feet apart, and six
to eight inches apart in the row. The
soil should be light and rich and very
thorough cultivation given so that the
roots may grow to the largest size. It is
always grown by level culture. The roots
are peeled, put in cold water for half an
hour, then cut in squares, put into boil¬
ing salted water and cooked until ten¬
der. Drain, and serve with cream sauce.
They are also used as a salad ; boiled,
sliced and served cold with mayonnaise
or French dressing.

Horseradish Questions.

L. At., Onwrga, III. — Is it possible to grow
a salable horseradish root from a three-inch
set put in a four-inch deep hole? A salable
or marketable root, I understand, should be
10 to 14 inches long, equally thick at both
ends, weighing on an average three-quarters
to one pound, smooth, with not more than
two or three heads or crowns. I am planning
to plant a couple of acres this Spring, and
therefore am very much interested in the
question.

Ans.— While it is possible to grow a
horseradish root 10 to 14 inches long
from a three-inch set in one season, I
doubt very much if the above results can
be obtained by an amateur, or one having

no experience in the cultivation, or a
thorough knowledge of the requirement
of the crops. Such results are obtained
by growers who have the most favorable
conditions, such as a moist and very
rich soil. Most of the horseradish on
the markets to-day is much smaller in
size (three-quarter inch in diameter and
about six to eight inches long), put up in
bunches weighing about two pounds. It
is useless to expect to make the crop
profitable on ordinary farm land with the
care usually given to a crop of corn or
potatoes. I would advise the questioner
to go slow; try a small piece, say one-
quarter acre. The reason that sets are
preferable for planting is because a set
has but few dormant eyes, and if the eye
nearest the top is from one to two inches
under the surface of the soil it will read¬
ily start, and the others remain dormant,
whereas if the sets were carelessly put
in, or were put in horizontally, several
eyes would start, and rootlets to sup¬
port those eyes would soon fill the soil,
which would make the root unsalable,
which is the case where crowns are set.
As horseradish is usually grown as a
second crop, which fact accounts in a
measure for the small size roots offered
for sale in a climate where the season is
short, one cannot expect to grow roots
14 inches long and one inch in diameter
in one season. The crop must be dug
at the end of the first season, otherwise
if left over it becomes of little value, if
not a most noxious weed. One writer
claims to have sold $1,000 worth of roots
from one acre. I would be satisfied with
much less, say $250 or one-quarter as
much. JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Nitrate of Potash and Bone.

J. L. P., lirooklyn, N. V. — For potato fer¬
tilizer how would this work per acre : Nitrate
of potash, nitrogen 13 per cent ; potash, 44
per cent, 200 pounds ; steamed bone dust,
nitrogen 2.1 per cent, phosphoric acid, 2*. 75
per cent, 337 Vi pounds. As I figure it this
is equivalent to 1,000 pounds of 3.3, 9.28,
8.8. Theoretically this should work all right.
Is there any practical reason why something
else would be better?

Ans. — The most practical objection to
this mixture is the cost. Nitrate of pot¬
ash is expensive, the nitrogen in it cost¬
ing more than in other forms. A mixture
of nitrate of soda and sulphate of potash
would give as good results at less cost.
Another objection is the fact that this
mixture contains too small a fertilizer of
organic nitrogen. The theory in making
a fertilizer for potatoes is to mix several
kinds of nitrogen together so as to have
one become available after another, and
thus be sure to carry the crop through.
One great reason why stable manure gives
such excellent results is that it becomes
available through the season, thus con¬
stantly feeding the crop. While a concen¬
trated mixture of chemicals is excellent
for indoor culture or where all the condi¬
tions are under control, for most outdoor
work more bulky mixtures are preferred,
as it is easier to spread them evenly.

When you write advertisers mention The
B. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

PROPER CULTIVATION.

The subject of cultivation of crops is very
important in the minds of all farmers at this
time.

The “Iron Age" Biding Cultivators will do
it best, whether the crop is grown on level,
rolling or hilly land, and whether the crops
are planted in narrow or wide rows. The
No. 80 Iron Age l’ivot wheel Biding Culti¬
vator is up-to-date in every particular.

Write for the “Iron Age” book which will
describe our many different style cultivators,
likewise. Wheel Hoes, Seed Drills, Ilorse
Hoes, Potato Planters. Potato Sprayers, etc.,
etc. Bateman Mfg. Co., Box 102, Grenloch,
N. J.

ROT, BLIGHT, MILDEW

d.

Prevent it with the original
and only “ LION - BRAND"

Bordeaux Mixture.

Concentrated and scientifically prepared. Ready for immediate use by simply adding 50 parts water,

I nuf Pficf f Ffforiitio f Put up in Qnarts- Gallons, 5-Gallons, Vj Barrels and
Lvn UU9I ■ tllCvllV v ■ Barrels. Our business is to manufacture Agricultural
Sprays and Fungicides, Paris Green, Kerosene Emulsion; and .Limey Sulphur and Salt.

In ordering specify “LION BRAND” — Manufactured by
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD COMPANY, 01 Maiden Lane, NEW YORK.

DOWNICIDE

The only preventive to vegetation of fungus, blight,
curl leaf and San Jose Scale, Sure death to every
known insect. An economical, clean, efficient, ready
to use insecticide and fungicide. Satisfaction
guaranteed or money refunded, Write for book.

Downicide Chemical Co.,Middleport, N.Y.

.TOP BUGGY. 2 year guarantor.
Ion 30 days Free Trial. It's a
Jgenuine Split Hickory. That s
■ means value. Guaranteed
■solid rubber tires. Worth 50%^

Imore than we ask. 192- page
\catalog free. Send now. m
The Ohio Carriage
Slfg. Co.

tH.C. Fhelps,Prcs.r
Station *>90

Cincinnati*

Ohio

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestvllle, Conn.

To Introduce

fjr

w

\^\ ttitfi

I in

jhl JH!

p

! !“ll i :l

Si

1 Hi ^

rrt

t l

Ffn

J|i

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the “ Weedsport
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Bcof.

A Silo ‘will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk. Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

I, Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

PIDDIfSC PLANTS. 300,000 E. J. Wakefield
OhDDAUC and E. Summer. Very Strong. $1.
1000: $8, 10,000. F.W. Rochelle. Drawer 3. Chester, N.J.

*1 r*| r* Q n 1 1 from a vigorous growing field of
MLirtLln OUIL Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per
hundred pounds; 10 per cent discount on 500 pounds
or over. R. I). BUTTON, Canastota, New York.

VELVET BEANS

♦♦♦♦ A 1

200 bushels in two-bushel sacks.

Brooksville, Fla.

PRIMUS GARY, Box 34. Brooksville. Florida.

♦♦♦♦

$2 per bushel f.o.b.

Climax, Parson's
Beauty, Senator
Dunlap and 50 other varieties. Rend for price list to

D. RODWAY, Hartly, Delaware.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A simple, compact, easily handled tool —
plants corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
beet, turnip or onion seed, with or without
fertilizer, in hill or drill.

Not a New Planter, but New to Some People.

In sections where The Fnrmor’* Friend is not used
we will sell a few machines direct to users at
wholesale prices. Writeatonce. The No. i Tiger
Planter, a real two row planter— not two single
planters In one frame. The most up-to-date planter
made. Full information and prices sent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

STRAWBERRIES

You want strong rooted, vigorous plants, right
varieties and bred to bear. If you have
never tried Harrison plants before
you should do so this spring.

The name Harrison is a guarantee of strawberry
plant excellence. You are sure to get just what
you order and we guarantee you’ll be pleased with
the stock. 60 varieties, every favorite.

Bubach, Brandywine, Bismarck, Crescent,
Excelsior, Candy, Haverland, Mark Hanna,
Michell'a Early, Parsons, Warfield, Etc.

Wrapped and packed to go safe anywhere. Prices
right. We guarantee arrival in pe-rfect condition.
Hare us ship you any sized trial order. We
know you'll come again. Catalog free.

Harrison’9 Nurserie9, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

SWEET CORN

bag, $3; 5 bags, $12.50.

Seedsmen. Buffalo, N

Choice Stowell’s Evergreen
Seed, high vitality, 2 bushel

O. XV. CLARK & SON,
ew York.

FOR SALE

I — CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50

_ bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

Milford, Delaware.

THE GOOD TIMES.

A new potato from Aroostook County, Maine. Rot
and rust proof. A big yielder. The balance of our
stock at greatly reduced prices to close them out.
Also 15 other leading kinds, including the Spaulding
No. 4 which beat 190 other kinds last year. This is
your opportunity to change your seed stock. Send
for catalogue and price. ROSS BROTHERS, Front
Street, Worcester, Mass., N. E. Greatest Seed Store.

K FRUIT BOOK

'shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
r butiou to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

SEED POTATOES

A fine lot of EARLY NORTHERS grown on
virgin soil. $1 per bushel: $2.50 per barrel while they
last. T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga.Sull. Co.. N. Y.

DHTITflCC Vermont Gold Coin and
I U I A I UCw Irish Cobblers, $3 per 4 bu.
bbls.; White Mammoth and Carman No. 3, $2 peri
bu. bbls. GEO. A. BONNELL, Waterloo, New York.

DRTATntQ Srown especially for SEED. 15
I U I H I UCw varieties, price right, list free.

GEO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

YOUNG STRAW BERRY PLANTS at $1.50 per
M.— Nick Ohmer, Wolverton, Saunders, Brandywine,
Haverland, Seaford, Enormous, Wm. Belt, Marshall.
Excelsior, New York, Rough Rider, Senator Dun¬
lap. Fresh dug, well packed, 600 Wealthy, 300 York
Imperial, 300 Rome Beauty, 2 yr. 5 to 7 ft. Grand stock.
Low price. Arthur J. Collins, Moorestown, N. J.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nuroerlw,
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established 18^0.

Vegetable Plants.

ASPARAGUS, Palmetto and Connovers, - 1000, $5
SWEET POTATO, Yellow and RedJersey, 1000, $1.50
CELERY, White Plume and other, - - - 1000, $1

“ “ " " transplanted, 1000, $2.50

CABBAGE, All Varieties . 1000, $1.25

transplanted, 1000, $2
TOMATO, All Varieties, 1000, $1, $2, $5 and $10 ac¬
cording to size of plants. Special prices on 10,000 and
100,000 lots. Price list mailed free, covering all kinds
of Vegetable and Flower Plants. Cash with order.

LUDVIG MOSBAKK, Oimrga, Illinois.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants, Asparagus Boots and Seed
Potatoes in assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata¬
logue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. W HITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich.

Every variety of seed the farmer needs
- to make the farm pay. Northern grown,
hardy varieties. We carry an especially attractive lot of Grass Seeds— Clover,
Alfalfa, Timothy, Millet, Blue Grass, Harvey’s Special Pasture Mixture, etc.

HARVEY’S SURE SEEDS

are all tested and true to name. Field Seed*. Potatoes, Oats, Wheat, Barley,— the
best that grow. Corn— the regular sorts and several new varieties of money¬
makers, some especially suitable for ensilage- -fine for the dairy farmer. Write
for complete free catalog. Harvey Seed Co., 113Ellicott Street, Buffalo, N, Y.

$5 Per 100 .

Apples. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop¬
lars. Healthy, true to name and Fumigated All
kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices.
Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and prices. Catalogue free.
RELIANCE NURSERY, . Box 10. Geneva, New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

OHIO APPLE NOTES.

Yon once asked my opinion of painting
apple trees, and wanted to knew whether I
would be afraid to try it. I had several hun¬
dred painted last Spring with white lead and
linseed oil, and I have seen no injury from it
at all. Some friends asked my advice about
protecting young trees from rabbits, and I
told them to paint. I have been informed
that it did not stop them from barking the
trees. I have had no injury from them on
any of the trees painted, and very few where
not protected. I kept about all the farm
cleaned up by mowing and leaving it as a
mulch, and there is little protection for them
in any of my orchards, and hunters cleaned
them out early in the Winter. All that were
touched stood on high open ground, and the
rabbits had to go several hundred yards to
get a shelter.

I am still a believer in the mulch plan on
our hills, and am not so certain but what I
would follow it ou level land. Probably you
have seen my statement about the mulch in
my orchard last year for the experiment sta¬
tion. It paid well in dollars for the straw
at $8 per ton and hauled five miles. I have
30 tons straw for mulch another year, and
it cost $7 per ton, and I hauled it seven
miles. I have spread a good part of it in
the orchards now. We are using some of it
for bedding, and then it is manure with the
mulch.

I sprayed five times last year, using Bor¬
deaux, arsenite of soda and arsenate of lead
all combined, but the last two applications
we did not use quite as much blue vitriol,
and none of the foliage was harmed. Some
growers have injured the foliage by using
strong mixture all the season when four or
five applications have been made. I pur¬
pose to spray five times again this year, and
think it pays. Too many growers fail to do
a thorough job, and do not make enough ap¬
plications to have fruit free from worms and
scab. That is one job it pays to do well.

Lawrence Co.. Ohio. u. t. cox:

TWO-ROWED CULTIVATORS .

What about two-horse two-rowed corn cul¬
tivators? How do they compare with two-
liorse one-row corn cultivators? Most people
about here use a one-horse one-row corn
planter, requiring two persons to, operate in
good shape. Two years ago I purchased a
two-horse two-rowed corn planter, which is a
great saver of time, planting equal to four to
one as a time saver. a. n. h.

North Clarendon. Vt.

We have had some experience with the
two-row cultivator, and further have had
occasion to observe its work. In a general
way we believe its greatest advantage lies
in the increased area of ground which one
man can cover in a given time. The culti¬
vator is a little awkward and hard to handle
at first, but if the user will remember to
keep his attention centered upon only one
row, he will soon be able to do as good
work with this implement as he could with
the ordinary single-row cultivator. The
draft of the two-row cultivator is a little
heavier than that of the single-row. The
plow is hung upon wheels, so that the wheels
are turned in guiding the plow, which ren¬
ders it easier to regulate in pushing the
gangs back and forth. In trashy ground the
two-row cultivator is at a disadvantage. It
is necessary that the rows be reasonably
straight; for if very crooked the operator
will soon solve the problem of perpetual mo¬
tion. But in clean ground, when the rows
are reasonably straight, the two-row culti¬
vator is as easily handled as the single-row ;
and one man can do nearly double the work
of two men with the single-row implement,
and do it fully as well. f. h. rankin'.

Illinois.

I have never used a two-row cultivator,
but have seen them at work, and thought
the man who operated it had a little more
than he could attend to, and do his work
well, but we have many men who go into the
field to plow corn with a single-row culti¬
vator who do poor work. When the rows
are of an even width, and the operator
starts right, and is a careful man, I believe
he may do fairly well with the two-row
plow. JAS. Lb REID.

Illinois.

We use the two-horse cultivator, cultivat¬
ing both sides of a row. We have never
used the style of cultivator which completely
cultivates two rows each trip. The riding
style of two-horse cultivator, having two
gangs of three shovels each, is the prevailing
type of cultivator now being purchased by
our best farmers, and gives the best results
in field cultivation. Our fields rarely exceed
40 acres in size. Ralph w. moss.

Indiana.

I have never used the two-row cultivators,
but have seen them working. In my opin¬
ion they are not as good fir plowing small
coin (especially crossway) as the one-row
cultivator. I am very particular about the
first plowing I think it much more im¬
portant to do a good job of plowing first
time through the corn than any time after.

Write "Osgood” Binghamton, New York, about
their "New Idea” ready to weigh "Pitless Scale.”

393

I find that it takes all of my time and atten¬
tion to plow one row at a time while the
corn is small. After the corn is large enough
to plow without using fenders, and for laying
corn by, the two-row cultivator is preferable,
because the chief object in later cultiva¬
tion is to stir the ground for the purpose of
conserving moisture, the early weeds having
all been killed, or practically so, by the first
and the second cultivation; also because one
man can do twice as much work in the same
length of time as he can with the one-row
cultivator. The great objection to using
either the one or the two-row shovel culti¬
vator for late plowing is, that we are apt
to do too much root-pruning. The blade is
preferable to the shovel for late cultivation.

Illinois. H. A. WINTER.

The development of two-row cultivators be¬
ing of recent date leaves them just outside
of the experimental stage, but as far as tried
they have been found practical. It is true
that better work can be done under the
ordinary conditions witty the single-row culti¬
vator. However, for the farmer who will run
his own cultivator, or will employ such help
as will be careful iu handling it, t lie two-row
cultivator will do excellent work. Straight
rows are necessary to do good work, and
where corn or the crop to be cultivated is
planted so as to be plowed both ways, it is
necessary that the rows be in check or
straight lines. If the rows are not straight
or are somewhat out of line, experiments
show that it is almost impossible to handle
the cultivator without plowing out part of
t lie crop. For the first cultivation, it is
necessary that the cultivator go somewhat
smwer than the single-row cultivator, but
later on, as the crop gets larger, one culti¬
vator can go as fast as the other ; however,
great care must be exercised in handling
the double-row cultivator under all condi¬
tions. Where the farmer with a single-row
cultivator lias been able to care for 40 acres
of crop, he can care for at least 65 acres
with the double-row cultivator and do prac¬
tically as good work, provided the ground is
in good shape. The double-row cultivator
cannot be successfully used on stony, trashy,
or stumpy land ; it is adapted more to the
smooth prairie lands of the corn-growing belt,
and not the rolling lands. H. M. B.

Ames, Iowa. _

Wilfers “These are hard times. Why,
I heard of a man the other day who
couldn’t raise money even on Government
bonds.” Slimwit : “Indeed ! What was
the reason?” Wilfer: “Well, you see, he
didn’t have the bonds.” — Tit-Bits.

A necessity in every stable
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by i’ratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old*

$35.°3SpIitHickofy

' *1 Top Buggy guaranteed 2 years-^^old^nJJO Daye
I Free Trial. It's a genuine ~ ~

Split Hickory that means x
J25% more value. The biggest
■ buggy bargain of the year.

Ai’reo 192 page catalogue.

*i The Ohio Carriage
Mfg. Co.

. C. Phelps, Pres.

Station 290 ,

^Cincinnati, Ohio

SILOS

Huy your Silo material from T. K.
CROSS, Poughkeepsie, New York,
and save agent's profits.

Only $32. SO

Worth $50.00. Cut this out, mail
us with your name and address
and Good Faith Deposit of $1.
Wo will send you our cata¬
log of 100 styles of Modol
Buggies and a receipt which
reserves room in our factory
for making any buggy you
select, which will bo shipped
for inspection at your depot. You can try it 30 days free.
Send $1 to Insure one of theso bargains. $1 back If not 0. K.
T1IE MODEL CARRIAGE <fe HARNESS CO.
17.1 W. Sixth St.* Cincinnati, O.

Concord Wagon No. 82 E

Backboard No. 46 E

Spring W'ngon No. 441 E

Runabout No. 54 E

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know we sell high-grado vehicles at
prices ranging from 25 to 50 per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

Wo are situated in the vehicle center of the
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making parts for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their construction — and then
we sell them, direct from factory to you, at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
system, you don’t pay any traveling men's ex ponses,
dealer's profits, cost of storage or handling. You simply
pay for the buggy. And remember, we sell every¬
thing on one plan — an absolute guarantee of
satisfaction.

Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue. We can show you what you want, at
the price you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

We don't sell cheap harness, hut we sell No. 1 Har- I
ness, made right here in our Kalamazoo factory, at
the price others ask for cheap harness.

Our big general catalogue, No. C-86, will give you best information and lowest prices on
everything forthe home and the farm. Askforit. It s free.

CASH SUPPLY A- MFG. CO., 461 Lawrence 8q, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

250 DIFFERENT STYLES

WE MANUFACTURE ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE LINES OF VEHICLES AND HARNESS IN THE WORLD.

Every one embodies the results of over 20
years of successful manufacturing ex¬
perience. WE HAVE NO AGENTS
sell direct to the users under a
binding guarantee and on our
DAY FREE TRIAL PLAN
You pay after you try
our vehicles and find
them O. K.

Write for our
FREE CATALOC
and lowest wholesale

, | _ factory prices.

COLUMBIA MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO., cui c i n fi/vt i | aoHu5

And up

but

two

year

The teacher had been telling the class

about the rhinoceros family. “Now name
some things,’ said she, “that it is very dan¬
gerous to get near to, and that have
horns.” “Automobiles/’ replied little Jim¬
mie Jones promptly. — Pittsburg Post.

CUTTERS

with blower are guaranteed to do
more and better work with the
same amount of power than
other machines of
the same or even
larger
size. We
manutacture
different sizes
langing in ca¬
pacity from eight
twenty tons of
ensilage per hour.

FAIR TEST

will demonstrate
the superiority of Boss Machines
SS Years’ over a11 competitors.

Experience Write to-day for FREE Catalog,

THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13, Springfield, Ohio
Largest Manufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the World.
Write for Ross Manure Spreader Catalorj.

Buy Direct From Factory

And Save the Middleman's Euormons Profits.

Our Milk Cans embody all best improvements; are
made of annealed steel ; all parts double tinned. In¬
sides Hush and smooth as glass; no places for milk to
collect and sour ; very easy to clean— a most import¬
ant feature. Guaranteed as repre.
rented or cans niny be returned at
our expense both ways. A postal card
will bring our Catalogue ghing lull
descriptions. Send for one today.

Wisconsin, 8 gal, 15 lbs, $1 35

“ 10 gal, 16 lbs, 1 40

Iowa, 5 gal, 12 lbs, 1 40

“ 8 gal, lTJdilbs, 1 55

“ 10 gal, 18*4 lbs, 160

New York, 5 gal, 15 lbs, 1 65

“ 8 gal, 21 lbs, 1 75

“ 10 gal, 22 lbs, 1 80

Cleveland, 8 gal, 21 lbs, 1 75

“ 10 gal, 22 lbs, 1 80

Terms, cash with order, or
C. o. 1). subject to examination.

THE SEESTEDT BROS. MFG CO.

“ new York.” ROMULUS. MICH.

WIRE-SI. 40 Per IOO Lbs.

Smooth galvanized wire, put up 100
lbs. to a bale, lengths running up to
250ft. No. 14 guage, per 100 lbs. *1.40.
Write for prices on other gauges.
Fence staples, per 100 lbs.. *2.00. Wire
nails, mixed in a keg, per 1001bs.,ll.60.
Barbed wire, per 100 lbs., 12.35. Poultry
netting, steel fence, etc., atlow prices.
Ask for Catalogue No. K, 6 «
on merchandise of all kinds from
Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ sales.
CHICAGO 110 USK WRECKING CO., Went S5lh £IronSL.,Chle«g.

7,000 VEHICLES AT FACTORY GOST

7 — ANTICIPATING AN EXCEPTIONAL TRADE IN VEHICLES THIS YEAR IN

I THE SOUTH ON ACC0UNT0FTHE VERY LARGE CROPS ANDTHE HIGH
PRICE OF COTTON, WE HAVE CONTRACTED FOR AN ENORMOUS
STOCK OF MATERIALS. THE SLUMP IN THE PRICE OF COTTON HAS
| CURTAILED TRADE IN THE SOUTH TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT WE
MUST MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO DISPOSE OF THIS STOCK, AND
WE ARE OFFERING NEARLY 7,000 VEHICLES OF THE

VERY LATEST DESIGNS, direct to the CONSUMER

AT A SAYING OF NEARLY 40%

/ RITE US TO-DAY IF YOU ARE NEEDING Ai VEHICLE
OF ANY DESCRIPTION.

Dep’t 12,PioneerCarriage & Harness Co., Cin’ti.O.

BUILT FOR BUSINESS

THE

JOHN

We can’t tell in this space all the good points of the “Bonnie”
open elevator, right-hand binder, it takes a special book to do that.

But we can mention the prominent points that have won for it the
name of being the only successful low-elevator binder made. They
are points you need to know before buying. Steel main and grain
wheel with roller bearings in both, one piece steel frame, one piece
steel platform, canvas tighteners, all right hand levers, reel adjustment
completely around a circle, greatest capacity of elevation, lowest elevators
27 inches, even balance. Every point about the ‘‘Bonnie" is a point in
the operator’s favor. Send for the “Bonnie” book and see the proof.
Also catalogue of the Johnston Grand Prize winning line. Both free.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.

Box C-1 Batavia, N.Y.

BONNIE BINDER

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Leu to Bny and Les* to Eon. Quickly, easily started. Novibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention Otis paper. Sbnd for Catalogub. THE TEMPLE PIJMI* CO-, Mfr»., Meagher 4; 15th St*. , Chicago, THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,"

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to
Can be mounted on any wagon at small _cqst-^-portable, sta-

394

May 1?.,

NOTES FROM THE RURALGROUNDS

The Rush Walnut. — The Persian
walnut, Juglans regia, is a most variable
species. It has been in cultivation for
centuries, and varieties have originated
bearing nuts varying from the size of
peas to that of a moderate orange, some
with shells so thin they are likely to
break in falling from the tree, and others
thick enough to need a heavy blow from
a hammer. The trees also vary greatly
in size, productiveness and hardiness.
Persian walnuts have been planted in the
Atlantic -States tor generations, but tlieir
culture has been generally far from suc¬
cessful, as most varieties start too early
in the Spring, and are killed back by
severe cold when in sap. The trees are
fairly hardy, when dormant, as tar north
as New York, and if varieties starting
late enough can be had there appears no
reason why this desirable nut cannot
be profitably grown. The French varie¬
ties, Mayette and Franquette, are recom¬
mended as possessing the desired charac¬
teristics, and are very popular in Cali¬
fornia, but it is necessary to secure
grafted or budded trees, as seedlings can¬
not be relied upon to perpetuate the good
qualities of their parents. Some promis¬
ing varieties have originated in the East¬
ern States, but are not extensively dis¬
seminated. One of the best of these ap¬
pears to be the Rush, illustrated in nat¬
ural size in big. 160, page 390. It origi¬
nated in Lancaster Co., Pa., and is said
to be entirely hardy, and a heavy and
regular bearer. The original tree bor£
100 pounds of fine nuts when 13 years
old. 'file color of the shell is very light,
and the cracking quality excellent. 1 Tie
nut may be easily crushed in the hand.
The kernel is plump ,and of a very sweet
and agreeable flavor. There is no astrin-
gency or bitterness, as found in many
market sorts. 'Tees are offered, grafted
on native Black walnut stocks, at $1.25
each. Black walnut makes an excellent
stock, as it is vigorous, congenial, and
entirely free from the root diseases com¬
mon to Persian stocks.

Privet in Good Demand. — Notwitn-
standing the unusual severity of the past
two Winters, and the consequent kill-
ing-out of the California or Oval-leaved
Privet; where planted in unsuitable
places, it is still in brisk demand. Noth¬
ing appears likely to take its place in
the coast district and in other localities
where it proves even tolerably hardy. It
will not do north of Boston, nor in ele¬
vated regions in the interior, but as or¬
namental hedging near the sea level, trom
Newport to Cape May, nothing seems able
to compete with it. it rightly planted in
well enriched soil it quickly forms a most
attractive and easily managed hedge, cov¬
ered with smooth and shining foliage,
from early May until midwinter. If neg¬
lected lor a few years it may be cut to
the ground, and under proper manipula¬
tion will renew its former trim propor¬
tions in two seasons. Even where the
tops have appeared badlv Winter-killed,
the succeeding growth has often been suf¬
ficient to repair the damage in one sea¬
son. It is charged that California privet
is overplanted in some localities, but it
is plain that its extensive use about
habitations of all degrees, from the mod¬
est laborer’s cottage to the most ornate
dwelling of the millionaire, tends to neat¬
ness and quiet elegance. Of course there
is little wisdom in planting privet where
it is likely to be disfigured bv an average
Winter, but where the chances are that it
will not be harmed for long intervals,
it remains the most practical plant tor the
purpose. Winter injury is most severe
on starved or neglecte.i hedges, and on
planting made over dense clay subsoil,
and appears to be the effect of harsh
cold winds rather than ot extreme low
temperature. On suitable soil, with mod¬
erate care and fertilization, and some pro¬
tection from driving winds in the most
exposed places, privet proves quite hardy
and reliable. Tts almost complete im¬
munity from disease and insect pests is
greatly in its favor.

Thunberg’s Barberry. — This graceful
and lovely siatic species lias been found
to be hardy as far north as Manitoba,
and, since the recent record Winters have
reduced the area for planting privet, is
being largely propagated tor hedge pur¬
poses. Much seed has been sown, and
fi soon will be offered in quantity. Ber-
beris Thunbergi has been listed by nurs¬
erymen for over 20 years, but it has not
been planted as extensively as its merits
deserve. In addition to its known hardi-

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

ness it is quite as tree from disease and
insect troubles as privet, and lias the
additional advantages of being highly or¬
namental in flower and fruit, as well as in
habit and foliage. It does not usually
grow more than three feet high, and
needs little trimmi..r. the vellow blooms
are freely produced in May, while the
bright scarlet berries retain their brilliant
waxy look entirely through the Winter,
and are always cheerful as well as orna¬
mental. Thunberg’s barberry should be
planted for hedge purposes about 14
inches anart. To get a uniform effect a
trench should be dug at least a foot wide
and deep and filled with good topsoil
mixed with a quantity of ground bone.
After planting it is well to apply a lib¬
eral mulch of coarse man e. This bar¬
berry will grow under the most adverse
conditions, but its beauty is greatly en¬
hanced by liberal treatment when young.
The spiny character of the branches ren¬
ders it, to some extent, a 'defensive as
well as an ornamental plant, but it is not
rigid nor tall enough to turn domestic
animals. w. v. F.

6 rows at a time, any
wL.th, with

Rrnu/n’e traction

DlUWll S COMPRESSED

AIR SPRAYER.

Constant pressure up to 150 lbs.
Power costs nothing. 100 gal¬
lon cypress tank, all brass
pump. Perfectly adapted also to or¬
chard work. Wo arc the largest man¬
ufacturers of spray pumps In tho
world, hand and power, including the
famous “Auto-Spray. n

Bend for Catalogue.

E. C. Brojjvn Co., 268 State St., Rochester, N.Y.

Four Row
^ Potato Sprayer

Sj® Covers 30 to 40 acres per day.
Jjr Straddles 2 rows, sprays 4 at
~ a time. Wheels adjust for dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays to any
fineness, and glaring ot pump to wheel of cart gives any
pressure desired. Automatic agitator and suction strainer
cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula book shows the famous Garfield, Empire Kiug,
I Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

F ield Force Pump Co. » 2 11th St.» Elmira , H.Y.

One Dose

and good-bye to the insect. No
“ifs” about it. It cannot live
where Farmers and Orchardists
apply

ANSBACHER’S

PURE PAMS GREEN

Guaranteed by half a century’s
successful use. Since 50 years
thousands of experienced Farm¬
ers rely upon it to save their Crop9
and Fruits. Absolutely pure — full
strength — deadly sure in results.

Other makes of Paris Green,
while possibly “pure,” will burn
or scorch the foliage, thereby re¬
ducing your yield per Acre or
Tree. Often they don’t even kill
the “bugs.”

Ansb&cher’s Pari* Green is made
by a special process. The only
Paris Green on the market which
is absolutely pure — Full strength !

— Deadly in results! — yet Per¬
fectly Harmless to Foliage!

Reject Inferior Substitute..

Write to-day for free copy of
illustrated booklet: “How to
Use Paris Green in the Field and
Orchard” and complete Spray¬
ing Calendar. When writing,
please mention Dealer’s name.

A. B. ANSBACHKIl & CO.,

5 Murray St., New York.

■HHBnnnRHB

When you write advertisers mention- The
It. N’.-Y. and you’ll gel a quick reply and
’•a square deal.” tice guarantee.

ALUMINUM SPRAY NOZZLES

with lianl bronze caps. Half the weight of brass; su¬
perior in every way. I’rioe, 1 point, 90c: 2point,$l.ti0;
;s point, $2.30; -I point, $3.00. Address, Wallace Ma¬
chinery Company, Booklet 7, Champaign, Ill.

THE PERFECTION SPRAYER

combines hand and horse power, and has both cart
and barrel. It’s simple, reliable, practical and dnra-
b e. Sprays everything; trees, potatoes, vines. Cata¬
logue, telling how to spray, and containing valuable
formulas, FREE.

THOMAS PKPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

HURST’S

Sprays Everything-

POTATO &
ORCHARD

SPRAYER

Trees, Potatoes, Truck, or¬
chards and small patches
equally well. Rows, 4 at a
time, 20 acres a day. Even
2-acre growers say: "Pays
itself first season.” First
order (where no agent) se¬
cures Wholesale price. Ten
days’ free trial or will take
extra yield one acre as pay.
Write TO-DAY for one free in
each locality.

H. L. HURST MFG. CO., Dept C, Canton, O.

" All kinds ” Sprayers, Barrels, etc., atahoutone-
half if you write at once.

GETTHE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE 1

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chunces. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich

— THE—

Deming Knapsack Sprayer

leads everything ofits kind. 5 gal. cop¬
per taok, brass pump, bronze ball
valves, mechanical agitator. Easily
carried. Pumprightorletthand. Knap¬
sack and Bucket Sprajer combined.
W. make 20 styles sprayers. Write for Catalog.

THE DEMINC CO., Salem, O.

Henion & Ilubbell, West’n Agts., Chicago.

■ ■kills Prairie ~5gs,

”1

Woodcnucks,Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of tho
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small." So the weevil, but you can stop

**08°* "Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”£‘SSS

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertilizeras wellas an Insacti-
clde. 6b-lb. kegs. $1.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4. 50; half barrel,
S70Ib.,3%cper i b; barrel,4251b.,3J4c Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

no.,

MADE ONLY BY T11E

MERRIN1AC CHEMICAL

BOSTON, MASS.

Be sure and get Swift’s. If your dealer
does not handle it, write direct to us.

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

me J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., box 15 Anderson, Ind,

What sprays

do you use ?

Bowker’s

are best

RpF'AIICP they are carefully and scientifically made
AlvUailOv combinations, many of them prepared

on government formulas, and all of them are specifics
for the pest to be destroyed. Not one remedy for all
ills, but each the most effective of its kind. All ready
to use by adding water.

T\! for instance, kills all insects
Cllvj which chew, such as codling-
moth, canker-worms, elm-leaf beetle, gypsy and
brown-tail moths, etc. The most powerful insec¬
ticide known. Sticks like paint to foliage ; not washed
off by heavy rains. 2-lb. sample, 50c. Enough for 7 5
gallons spray, $1. Enough fora large orchard, $4.25.

Large Illustrated Catalogue Free

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CINCINNATI

Hammond’s Slug Shot for Potato Bugs, Currant, Cabbage Worms, Etc.

To the Editor of American Gardening:

In your issue of June 18, on page 399, I notice a good article on tin Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. For
the benetit of your numerous readers I would advise them to try Hammond’s Slug Shot. I have used it here
this season with excellent results, < n Potatoes, Eger Plants, cucumbers and Squash, for Potato Bugs and also
for Strip d Beetles, and it is the best remedy I know of, simple and effective. I purchased two of the Dusters
which he advertised in your paper, and they are very useful articles. Toe best time to dust the plants is early
morning, as the substance adit- res much better when the d w is on. A light dusting is sufficient, and woe bet de
the bugs or the larvae. Once they get a taste of it they shrivel up right away.

Sold by Seed Dealers and Merc' ants all over America-

GEORGE STANDEN, Gardener to Col D. S. Larnoit, Millbrook, New York, 1904.

Send for Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights to Henj. Hammond, Flshk il-on-Hudson, N. Y., for information about solution of Copper, Bordeaux Mixture,

Grape Dust and Cattle Comfort.

1905.

395

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

Getting Home. — Mother and the children
finally got back from Florida on April 2'J.
It was a raw cold day — for which I was
sorry as I wanted them to strike the farm
\> i ■ 1 1 .he sun shining and the air moving tae
new leaves so that they sparkled. We
couldn’t have it just as we wanted but our
folks were glad to get. back anyway and any¬
how. They came back by boat and the fog
shut down upon them so that the steamer
fairly crawled up the coast, i have always
said that when you go away from home it is
good to travel as slowly as you can. When
you come back you feel like hurrying at full
speed — that is if your home is what it ought
to be. Jack and Lyon did the honors by
decorating the horses and carriages with the
bloom of apple and plum and peach. We
had planned for mother and her little girl to
ride home together behind l’eter, the pony.
Mother said she wanted to get home as soon
as she could and so she chose Nellie Bly who
comes close to being a trotter. The farm
looked wet as we first caught sight of it
across the hills but it was a pleasant thing
to come home to. A great sweep of green
from the road to the top of the hill. Here
and there a patch of brown showed the
plowed ground. There were dots and masses
of white where cherry trees had burst into
bloom and the crab apple bloom and peaches
showed the first touch of scarlet and pink.
You may talk all you want to about your
tropical scenery, but where on earth can you
find anything more hopeful or more beauti¬
ful than a Northern hillside farm washed >
clean by the rain as the apple bloom is com¬
ing ouV

Mother didn't say much until she got into
the house. Then she told me about a good
woman who had been obliged on account of
family health to spend many Winters in >
Florida. "She told me," said Mother, "that
the first thing she did when she got back to
the Northern farm was to get right down on
her knees and than God she was home
again !” I have no doubt that there are
many Southern people who spend a season in
the North and are just as glad to get back to
what is home to them. I wouldn't argue
with them for a million dollars for 1 feel
that this love of home is the strongest force
in society. I am aware that Hope Farm
would seem dull and common-place to many
but to Mother and the rest of our folks It is
the best place to come to and the last place
to go away from.

A Good Start. — We were not considering
our troubles and hard problems as we u.e..
our chairs to the supper tabje. The baked
beans and rhubarb sauce that Emma had
cooked tasted a little better than anything
of the sort we had had in a long time. They
don’t keep much stock in Florida and "tin
heifers” are the breed most in use. Mother
and the children made mighty inroads upon
the milk and cream. Our family has changed
somewhat. Charlie, Aunt Emma and the
baby will stay in Florida. The little boy
whose lung was threatened stays with his
parents in Alabama. Jack and Lyon are here
and the two little girls and the boy helped
fill up a good sized table. Right here 1 vyi.ll
stop and answer a question which a reader
has asked, “You used to refer to ‘The Madam’
— now you speak of Mother ! Why the
change?” I found that some boys and girls
were alluding to their mother as "the Mad¬
am,” in a way and in a spirit which seems
to me disrespectful. I regret to think that
1 suggested any such title. There is no better
word in the language than “Mdther.” I had
a boy working for me once who said as I
came in the gate: "Ah! Here comes the old
man !" He didn’t intend any insult at all
but the little girls were greatly shocked.
Whenever I hear young men address their
parents as "the old man” or "the old woman,”

I know something is wrong with their bring¬
ing up. “Mother” and "father” are best
words 1 know of to use in the family. After
supper we had a chance to look over the
lower part of the farm. The cats were pro¬
nounced "all right" ; Shep never did look so
well ; the colts are about the best in the
country if you can believe our folks ; old
Major ' has fairly renewed his youth; there
never were quite such hens ! As night came
on we built a roaring fire in the fire-place
and spent our evening before it. Too bad the
last of the apples have been eaten but really
there wasn’t much chance for an apple after
that supper. The fog crept down and wrapped
the old house in its thick blanket ! All the
shapes that people the night came listening
at the doors to tell of trouble or sorrow-
ahead. Nobody knew they were there that
night. We shall doubtless have to listen to
them later but “home again" was too mu oil
for them.

Farm Notes. — By May 1 we had planted
300 apple, 400 peach and too pear trees, wi ll
about 200 grape vines and some other things
still to go. The early potatoes were planted.
The late potatoes are to follow rye. This rye
is looking well and will be cut about May 10
and cured for horse feed. Then the ground
will be plowedtand the potatoes planted with
as little working of the soil as possible. The
way we planted the early potatoes was to
plow the ground carefully, run lines across
the field, open small holes with a hoe, cover
the seed and then level down with an Acme
harrow run without weight on it. This is
a slow way to plant but I believe we can get
more potatoes in this way than by packing
down the soil so hard by horse work. Of
course this would not pay on a large scale,
but we are running tin* lower part of the
farm as close to garden culture as we can. I
am satisfied that nine-tenths sod and trees
and one-tenth garden pays us better than half

farm . lack and Philip planted one

block of apple trees over near the woods with
many misgivings. The trees were well
pruned — top and bottom — and planted in
small holes right in the midst of brush and
briers. In some places the trees are entirely
surrounded by birches and cedars, 1 have
satisfied myself that the peach under such
conditions will not do well but I believe apple
and pear will make a profitable growth. \Ye
shall first give each tree two or three pounds
of lime scattered thinfy around it, and then
about three forkfuls of good manure around
each tree as a mulch. The briers, brush,
coarse grass or anything else that will rot
will he cut with a hush scythe and thrown
around the trees. Lime seems to 'be the
great thing needful in growing trees in the
brush. . . With the exception of the

sun scalded trees the vouug orchards are

waking up from their long sleep in good con¬
dition. The mulch wil be raked hack
around them at once. I expect to give them
all a dust of lime. The manure will be used
to mulch as far as it will go and we expect to
use about a pound of muriate of potash for
each tree where the manure goes. When the
manure fails we shall use fertilizer and mulch
with forest leaves, weeds, brush, anything
we can find. My object is to keep the young
trees well fed and also to keep the ground
around them shaded. I have some

strange comments about the “mulch" method
of caring for trees. The way people insist
on failing to understand what we mean by
“mulching" ought to be discouraging. One
man cut the roots off the young trees and
left all the tops on ! He says the String
fellow method is a fraud ! Another took me
to look at his young orchard. Bart of it
which he said was "mulched" was evidently
not as good as the other. Upon investiga¬
tion I found that part of the orchard was in
sod. No fertilizer or manure was used — the
grass was cut and all taken out. Potatoes
were grown in the other part-— highly culti¬
vated and well fed with fertilizer! Yet in
this trial our friend condemns the “mulch
method.”

All Sorts. — The following question comes
from Massachusetts : "tin visiting a large
dairy farm near here I found that in repair¬
ing the tools in the winter they had painted
the teeth and disks of the harrows. l»o you
think this l>est or necessary?" The object of
the paint is to keep tin* tools from rusting.
We have used paint for this purpose when the
tools are cleaned and put away for winter.
I do not like paint Us well as a coat of
grease. The painted tools do not scour well.
Hot grease rubbed or painted on the bright
metal saves much rusting in winter. I think
some rust protector needed but paint is not
the best. . . . The “fried pie” question

is about as warm as the fat in which these
delicacies are fried. Here is the way In
which another mother used to make them.
Let’s try them all :

“In the R. N.-Y. for April 22, your corre¬
spondent does not give the rule for fried pies
as my folks always made them. Make a
dough like piecrust with baking powder, but
less shortening. A quart of flour, two tea¬
spoons of baking powder, salt and a big

spoonful of lard, mix to a stiff dough with

cold water. Roll out thin, cut out rounds

with an Inverted saucer or pall cover. Put
a spoonful of sauce- — apple or cranberry, on
one half the round, wet the edge of the crust,
fold over the outer half, punching the edges
tight and making two air holes in the upper
side. Fry in hot fat like doughnuts. The

sauce miist be cold and not too juicy.” Mrs.
A. B. The Hope Farm man will

never willingly do injustice to tree or man. so
I print this good word for the Flemish
Beauty pear :

“Noticing in Hope Farm notes your answer
to the New Hampshire man’s queries with re¬
spect to his 30-year-old pear tree, I would
like to say that I can state from personal
experience that it is not always age of tree
that causes the Flemish Beauty pear to crack.
We have an old Flemish Beauty pear tree,
planted a three-year-old, 33 years ago this
Spring. For several of its early bearing
years it was considered worthless because
of its cracked fruit. Gradually this fault
became less pronounced, and finally ceased
to trouble us. For a long time we sold yearly
from this tree from ten to twelve bushels of
large, smooth beautiful fruit besides having
an ample supply for our own use. No bit
of our farm has paid so well — counting in
the barren years —as that occupied by the old
Flemish Beauty pear tree. Two years ago it
was struck severely with blight, and last
Spring half the tree was cut away, but the
part left gave us all the pears we wanted last
fall, with a few to spare. They were smaller
than usual, but were not cracked. The only
treatment the tree ha* ever had lias been a
very little pruning now and then and a liberal
supply of hard wood ashes. It has had no
cultivation for many years.” l. a. w.

Clare Co., Michigan.

Of course I am glad to know that old pear
trees as well as old men can continue to do
their duty. I would not advise grafting old
trees or urging old men to learn new jobs.

h. w. c.

inThe New Idea
i Pitless Scale

You have $S$ coming. You save them
on "underweights” when you buy un
O-good "New Idea” Steel Pitless
“Ready to Weigh ” Scale. No pit.
No wall. No timber (except platform

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You know you need a scale. You have been think¬
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prices and liberal terms. Don’t wait until you have
lont the proilts on another year’s crops. We mnke nil

kinds of scales. Ry the way. do yon know a good
machinery man? l)o him and us a favor. Show him
this ad, and write us about scales for yourself.

Ostfood Scale Co. Box 157 , Binghamton, N.Y.

cpO -,-rrdiSft Will® r

. W Spreader

and Pulverizer

Makes fine and spreads evenly. Every¬
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Only Low Down Spreader.

Just right for use in cow barns and for
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Right width to straddle corn rows. No
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return. Double wheel drive, safety end-gate,
strength to stand the rough driving and the
operating of machine.

Send for Free Catalog M * It describes the
modern spreader that has proven itself right.
The Newark Machine Co., Newark, O.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll got a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

PRESS HAY

I Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple in construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Hales all kinds of
hay and straw. Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

KEYSTONE

Weeder and Cultivator.

Makes sure crops, increases yield. Kills weeds,
stirs soil, preserves moisture at plant roots.
feet wide, narrows to 30 ins. Famous Hallock
flat tooth (under license). Ask for book of many
photographed field scenes
of weeder at work.

KEYSTONE

Cultivator Attachment

for any cultivator. Runs
on the row, where shovels
can’t go. Weeds, cultivates, un¬
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cultivation complete. Send for circu¬
lars of Weeders, Cultivators and!
Attachments. Free. '

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO..

1547 N, Beaver Street, York, Pa;

The quality and quantity of the
crops depend on a sufficiency of

Potash

in the soil. Fertilizers which are
low in Potash will never produce
satisfactory results.

Every farmer should be familiar with the
proper proportions of ingredients that go to
make the best fertilizers for every kind of
crop. We have published a series of books,
containing the latest researches on this all-
important subject, which we will send free
if you ask. Write now while you think of
it to the

GERMAN KALI WORKS
98 Nassau Street, New York.

1 H — — — j

TANKS and TOWERS

Bi’ii.n All Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak.
CALDWELL TOW MRS don’t fu.ll

Get illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville. Ky.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PHTTEDC
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed & Ensilage UUI I LIIO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGRIWORKS, Pottstown, Pa

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli
cation. Robt. G. Reeves Co., 187 Water St., N.Yr. City

IDER MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,
118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

SCALES

BEST LESS COST TAN ANY OTHER.

CATALOGUE FREE.
JONES ‘He Pays the Freight.”

Box .(07 B Binghamton, N. Y.

DoLiOACH JPA.T

Avoid Imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine,
catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 11. P. and up. Shingle
kl’laning, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hay
L Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
^ UeLotich Mill Mfg. Co., Box 100'?, Atlanta.Ga-

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country In the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “Ct ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ER1CSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 692 Craig St., Montreal, P.

40 N< rth 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuiente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Rush & Rog Plow, cuts a trackA ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the laud

true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day . His Kev.^ gz?

Disk Plow cuts a furrow a to 10 iu. deep,

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock. hard-
hack suntiower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send forclr'lars.

CUTAWAY HARKOV/ CO.,

Higgauum, Conn.. U. S. A.

No. 169 Improved
Easy Buckeye Hiding
Cultivator.

A farmer's fortune Is often wasted because he buys cheap and poorly made farm
implements— tools that won’t do the work claimed for them. It doesn’t pay the
individual farmer to try experiments. Practical farmers have found this to be true
and they now hold fast to a reliable line —
and such a lino is the Buckeye.

The No. 109 Improved Easy Buckeye
Hiding Cultivator shown here, has many
features not found on other cultivators.

It does close, sure, accurate WQrk, and can
be adjusted to either wide or narrow rows.

The working parts are all simple, it's light
in draft, strongly built and most practical
in operation. Drop hitch directly con¬
nected to beams allows accurate regula¬
tion of depth of shovels. See the complete
line of Buckeye implements at your
dealer’s, or write for full information and
catalogue.

P. P. MAST & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

396

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 13,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, f ,

Mrs. K. T. Rovle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 % marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we he responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorkicu when writing tDe adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MAY 13, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who. do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

»

The fence wire question is now becoming more popu¬
lar. Several of the agricultural papers have taken up
the subject, and the bureau of steel investigation at the
Department of Agriculture is working. We said some
months ago, when we were alone in the field, that after
our readers once got fairly started they would force
the other papers to help out. Here they come, and as
usual claiming pretty much the whole credit for the
work.

*

We are glad to have the Morgan horse brought to
attention again. Any man who has ever had a horse
with this blood in its veins knows there is no better
animal for farm service. It is one of the most remark¬
able things connected with American farm history that
this noble breed was permitted nearly to run out. With
the improvement in New England farming we hope
the Morgan horse will return to prominence. Next to
her men and women, the Morgan is the best specimen
of live stock New England has given to the world.

*

As we may read on page 390, Kansas is to use the
county poor farms for experiment work. Something
of the sort has already been done in Iowa. As out¬
lined by Prof. Ten Eyck, the plan seems an excellent
one. The poor farms are public property, and some
of them are sadly neglected. If the principles of agri¬
cultural science are practical these poor farms offer a
grand opportunity for the experiment station people to
demonstrate the fact. It seems to us that the salvation
of one of these farms would be of far greater benefit
to the majority of farmers than experiments conducted
on the soil of some highly successful farmer.

*

Some of those men who told us a dozen years ago that
horses were dead property and that horse breeding was
doomed should go out and try to buy a good jiorse to¬
day. Such animals never were higher or harder to find.
Just why this is so is a great mystery. The theory of
a dozen years ago was perfect. Automobiles, trolley
cars, electric trucks and bicycles have all taken up work
that was formerly done by the horse. Yet in spite of
the vast increase of these things good horses and good
hay are higher than ever 1 Here is a case where fact
has destroyed theory, and who will say to-day that
horse or mule breeding is not one of the most promising
branches of farming?

*

We recently referred to the fact that 10,000,000 people
in this country must depend more or less upon charity.

A friend in Connecticut states the matter as follows :

“Your editorial beginning “The majority of readers,”
on page 360, comes mighty near the real seat of pres¬
ent-day troubles. Glib professional writers on subjects
economic are fond of ascribing dull periods, with at¬
tendant hunger to workers, to overproduction. Such
a term is an insult to intelligence so long as masses go
without food and clothing. The only real and endur¬
ing prosperity is based on the ability of the great mass
of people to live well and make purchases. Our pres¬
ent system is crude, artificial and unreasonable. It

seems to me the heart of the matter is distribution of
products. This brings the question back to railroads,
where all investigators eventually arrive. With good,
honest railroad service, and special favors to none, in
connection with a parcels post, the plenty of one sec¬
tion could more rationally be put at service of the
needy section. And every soul concerned would be
benefited.”

*

More farm work is done by the day now than ever
before. In some sections the entire system has changed,
banners plan to do less than formerly, and arrange
their work so as to do as much as possible by the labor
of their own family. When extra work is required
they hire by the day if possible. Thus the following
question from a reader in Maine becomes interesting:

Would it not be a good idea to get the price of wages paid
per day of 10 hours to farm hands where they board them¬
selves? Here (he wages are from ?1.35 to $1.50, 10 hours’
work; boys 12 to 14 years old $1.

We would like to have statistics from other sections.
We shall probably find that the price of a day’s labor
at farm work has increased. The expert hand who can
do farm work well is now making about as much as a
good mechanic in the city. He is making more, if you
consider the possibilities for saving.

*

What is known as the Fish bjll has passed both
houses of the New York Legislature and gone to the
Governor for his signature. This bill makes it neces¬
sary for persons in charge of any station where milk
is bought and sold to take out a license which is to
be granted by the Commissioner of Agriculture. The
Commissioner is given power to reject applications for
such a license if deemed wise, and also to enforce the
provisions of the law. Before taking the license the
applicant must file a statement under oath that he will
not suffer or permit the adulteration of milk or any
product thereof. The object of this bill is to attempt
to prevent the present practice of skimming or adulter¬
ating milk. In some cases milk is bought under con¬
tract and delivered at stations where it is skimmed
just enough to bring the skimmed milk above the legal
standard. Thus while the farmers are paid only for
milk the dealer sells both milk and cream. It has been
found next to impossible to stop this practice under the
present law, but the Commissioner hopes, by means of
the new law, to control the situation.

*

Certain “sportsmen” in Orange and Ulster Counties,
N. Y., are said to have made up a fund to buy and
liberate large numbers of rabbits. The object evidently
is to increase these rabbits so that the “sportsmen” may
have the pleasure of hunting and killing them. Natu¬
rally the farmers object to any such a scheme. Of
course a farmer ought to be content to sit still and see
the rabbits bark his fruit trees and destroy his crops,
but somehow he doesn’t feel like doing it. Fruit grow¬
ing in the Hudson Valley has become a great industry,
but there is absolutely no sense in planting new orchards
if rabbits are to be petted and protected. It is stated
that over 50,000 apple trees were destroyed by these
pests last Winter. The rabbit or the farmer must go.
Better plant the rabbits than quit planting trees. The
Walkill Valley Farmers’ Association has called a meet¬
ing at Walden, N. Y., for May 22. The Granges and
other farmers’ organizations are urged to send represen¬
tatives so that the situation can be faced and properly
handled. The danger is a serious one. Unless some¬
thing is done at once Hudson Valley farmers must en¬
dure on a smaller scale the rabbit curse that nearly
ruined Australia.

*

Mr. T. Greiner, in Farm and Fireside, seems to think
that postage stamps will not stick to the Hon. Thomas
C. Platt. Hear him !

The Rural New-Yorker advises its readers to plaster
Senator Platt with postage stamps, making him realize that
there really is a public demand for a parcels post, which
demand the Senator professes he has never yet noticed. We
might better save our postage stamps. Mr. Platt is not in
the United States Senate for fun. Will you attempt to pre¬
vent a duck from swimming when it finds itself in congenial
waters? Will you try to kill an elephant by firing mud
bullets at the big pachyderm from a hoy’s blow-gun? Yet
these things would he just about as easy as to make the
representatives of big corporations give up their soft snaps
voluntarily. The time may come when United States Sen¬
ators will be elected by popular vote instead of by the Leg¬
islature. In that case Platt and other representatives of
greedy corporations will not find it quite so easy to get into
the Senate. In the meantime, however, why waste postage
stamps on Platt?

A line from Scripture will apply to Mr. Greiner:

“Oh, ye of little faith !”

We have seen larger men than Senator Platt stagger
under the load of stamps which were pasted on their
backs. The blow gun will not kill the elephant, but
if the boy keeps blowing away the elephant will “move
on” and give the procession a chance. No one desires
to injure Senator Platt! The farmers of New York
put him in the Senate, and for that reason, if for no
other, they have the right to ask him to do their work.

Nobody knows better than Senator Platt what it will
mean to have 50,000 farmers convinced that he is work¬
ing against their interests. Therefore we say — Keep
right at him fearlessly and without any let up. “Save
postage stamps!” A stamp on Senator Platt’s back is
better conomy than ten cents in the pocket, because we
shall get the stamp back with good interest when we
finally secure the parcels post. No! No! The R. N.-Y.
will not sit down and grieve because Senator Platt is
a large man and a postage stamp is a small thing.
Keep at him cheerfully and fearlessly till he helps us
or is stamped out of sight.

*

1 here has been quite a little complaint from farm¬
ers at the price charged for “nitro-culture.” It was
first stated that a packet of the culture cost the Gov¬
ernment four cents. Now we find the following state¬
ment made by the bacteriologist of the Virginia Experi¬
ment Station :

In order to protect the farmers of Virginia from having to
pay this enormous price, the Experiment Station at Blacks¬
burg is preparing for distribution this Spring pure cultures
of Alfalfa bacteria. There being no funds available for this
purpose, a charge of 25 cents for sufficient quantity to inoc¬
ulate an acre will he made, which is about the actual cost of
manufacturing, packing and mailing

This is six times the cost as stated for the Govern¬
ment “culture.” The Experiment Station is able to use
members of its staff for the work without extra cost.
Suppose they were obliged to hire people to do this
work, and also pay advertising expenses and fair
profit, as all private enterprises must do. Naturally the
cost would be greater. No private concern can com-
• pete with the Government.

*

Some of the papers are again talking about silk culture
for American farmers. The figures are certainly start¬
ling. This country imports, great quantities of raw
silk— -nearly 90 per cent of it from Japan, Italy and
China. In order to produce the silk here in large quan¬
tities there must be some class of American farm la¬
borers who are willing to work after the fashion of silk
producers in these foreign countries. We do not think
there are yet many Americans who are willing to do
this. There are, however, in the South a good many
farm women who might easily make $30 or more each
year by feeding some silk worms. This is already being
done, to some extent, in North Carolina. Such work
does not interfere greatly with ordinary farm work,
and enables farm women to earn a fair amount of pin
money. We do not believe that many of them would
care to go into silkworm breeding as a business. If a
large number of such people can be induced to hatch
and feed a fair number of eggs — about as they would
keep a few swarms of bees — the output of raw silk
in this country may be slowly developed. We do not
see any other chance for it. One trouble is that the
great stories printed in the papers give sharpers a
chance to “boom” silk culture as an industry.

BREVITIES .

The Frances peach seems to rot badly on the tree.

The sun and high winds were good for the cherry bloom.

What are the objections to keeping sheep on a dairy farm?

Prof. Slingerland describes a plan for self-mixing Bor¬
deaux on page 391.

Lime and sulphur or pure carbolic acid is the “wax" wo
suggest for “grafters.”

We learn on page 391 that the prepared limes are val¬
uable. Preparation pays in anything.

“The Passing of the Noon Hour,” page 391. There were
some good things about that old noon hour too.

When you find the farmers of a section following some
general practice you can make up your mind that it is pretty
nearly right !

Do you know of any case where corn silage has been sold
for a cash price? What did it bring per ton? We want
figures on this point.

It is reported that peach stones from California can¬
neries are dried and sold for fuel. They are said to give
out more heat than coal in proportion to weight.

At a hotel in Charleston, S. C., we found baked apples
and strawberries on the card for breakfast Careful obser¬
vation showed that the majority called for apples.

The Attorney-General of New York has ruled that only
premiums paid in cash are to be considered in distributing
money from the State to the county fair associations.

The papers state that burglars induced a Scotch collie
dog to desert his duty as guard by offering him milk. We
don’t believe a word of it. Collies are not made that way.

We have letters now and then from people who praise the
Government free seed distribution. The chief argument is
that the seeds are good for a poor man because they cost
nothing !

We hear of a fat man so fleshy that life became a burden.
He tried to commit suicide by jumping into the water, but
was so fat that he floated ! He started in to reduce his
weight so he would sink, but the exercise made him feed so
much better that he lost all desire to die !

A Kansas woman has filed a suit to compel a neighbor to
confine his bees. She complains that every wash day the
bees come in her yard and walk on the clean clothes with
their muddy feet. In the face of such aggravation she
doubtless feels that the bee man ought to keep his live stock
chained up.

1S05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

397

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC. — Ralph C. Roberts, a student of the Univer¬
sity of Illinois, and a star football player, was killed in a
railroad accident last fall. His administrator brought suit
for $10,000. The railroad moved that the suit be dismissed
on the ground that no evidence had been introduced to show
that a person was depending upon Roberts for support,
and that Roberts, being a college man, was really an ex¬
pense to his parents. Judge Wright, in the County Court,
Rloomington. Ill., decided April 24 that the point was well
taken, and dismissed the case. An appeal will be taken.
. . . General Fitzhugh Lee, of Virginia, died at the Prov¬

idence Hospital, Washington, April 28, the result of an at¬
tack of apoplexy and paralysis, with which he was stricken
while traveling by rail from Boston to Washington. Fitz¬
hugh Lee rendered his greatest service to his country during
the Spanish war and the period that immediately preceded
and followed that epoch in American history. At the out¬
break of the war he was in command of the Seventh Army
Corps, and, though he did not see any actual fighting, took
more active part in the conduct of the military movements
than any other Southern man, with the possible exception
of General “Hoe" Wheeler. During the period just before
the war General Lee. as Consul General at Havana, where,
though a Democrat, he had been retained by a Republican
Administration, through his tact and firmness deserved so
well of his country that his name will remain inseparable
from 'that period of American history. After the war he
became Military Governor of Havana, and did valuable
work during the reconstruction period in Cuba. He was
born in Clermont, Fairfax County, Va., November If), 183;".
A nephew of Robert E. Lee, the famous Confederate General,
and a grandson of General Henry 10. Lee, the noted “Light
Horse Harry” of the Revolutionary war, he came from a
family of famous soldiers. But his ancestors had been prom¬
inent in the councils of peace as well as the councils of war
of their country ever since colonial days, and Fitzhugh did
as much as any of his illustrious forbears to shed lustre on
the name of Lee. He was a graduate of West Point, first
saw active service in Indian warfare. lie resigned at the
outbreak of the Civil War. and became a leader of the Con¬
federacy. After> the war he returned to his home in Staf¬
ford County. Va. For the next few years he applied him¬
self to farming. I, ike the majority of the other great Con¬
federate fighters, he accepted the result of the war phil¬
osophically and was one of the first recognized leaders of
the Confederacy to preach the gospel of peace. '“The war is
over, let bygones be bygones.” was the doctrine of Fitzhugh
Lee. He spoke frequently in public in the interest of recon¬
ciliation. lie was elected Governor of Virginia in 1885.

Conditions are becoming serious in the Chicago
teamsters' strike. There have been riots in all parts of the
city in which men have been clubbed, stoned and shot in the
streets. . . The Cosmopolitan Magazine, established in

1889 by J. Brisben Walker, and controlled by him ever since,
has been sold to W. R. Ilearst, of New York. . . . New

York City’s share of the profits of the Subway for the first
five months amounted to $356,000. ... It is announced

that the Rock Island and t lie St. Louis and San Francisco
Railway Companies have selected Colorado as the principal
State in which to settle the hulk of their employes to be
benefited by the new pension plan, which is soon to be placed
in operation. The officials of the two systems have decided
to pension employes who have been in their service a certain
length of time by giving them homes of 160 acres of agri¬
cultural land in the Western States, and Ben L. Winchell,
president of the Rock Island, a former Denver man, believes
it best to place the majority of them in Colorado.

A fraud order was issued by Postmaster-General Cortelyou
April 27 against Oscar I’. Smith. 105 Chambers Street, New
York, on the ground that the Homeowners' Corporation, 108
Broadway, against which a fraud order was issued recently,
was seeking to evade the order by having its mail addressed
to Smith. . . . Frank G. Bigelow, the defaulting Mil¬

waukee bank president, has confessed an indebtedness to
banks, commercial institutions and estates of which lie had
charge, which will aggregate between $2,000,000 and $3,000.-
000, and, based on his confession, a voluntary petition in
bankruptcy has been filed in the District Court, which con¬
tains the names of as many of Mr. Bigelow’s creditors as he
can remember, together with a list <Af assets on which Mr.
Bigelow's valuation is $1,410,000. By his own admission,
his creditors extend all over the United States. One estate
has been looted, his indebtedness to the Broadhead estate
being $100,000. The debt is unsecured. It is also believed
other trusts held by the former hanker have suffered. . . .
April 2!) 20 persons were killed and many more injured by a
tornado at Laredo, Tex. . . . By the wreck of a special

train on the Southern Railway April 20 four persons were
killed and many others injured. . . . Postmaster-Gen¬

eral Cortelyou has directed that the postolfice inspectors
shall in future make investigation into any business that is
being advertised under such inducements as to lead to the
suspicion that the public is to lie defrauded. The advertis¬
ing columns of newspapers will be carefully scanned, and in
cases where it is believed promises are put forth that cannot
be made good under any ordinary methods of doing an
honest business, fraud orders will issue or the parties will
he summoned to explain their methods. Heretofore the
Department has waited for complaints from victims of get-
rich-quick concerns before taking action.

The College of Agriculture of Cornell University has
called a Good Roads Conference for May 16 to 19. This
conference is for the purpose of discussing the educational
phases of the good roads movement, and to give instruction
to students and to all others who desire to come. Persons
desiring further information should address L. II. Bailey,
Director College of Agriculture, Ithaca, N. Y.

SOUTHERN FERTILIZER LAWS.

Cannot a farmer buy his fertilizer where he pleases?
Could f buy my goods in New York if I pleased, and not
be liable to a fine? Several years ago I wrote to two firms
in a certain city; one agreed to furnish me goods, and the
other claimed they had no license for Kentucky.

READER.

I send you our fertilizer law which. I think, will answer
the question you ask. Where a manufacturer submits sam¬
ples, etc., agents are not compelled to do so. Furthermore,
please notice what the law says in Section 1.

Ivy. Station. m. s. scovell. Director.

The sections mentioned read as follows:

Section 1. In each year, before any person or company
shall sell, offer or expose for sale in this State any commer¬
cial fertilizer, said person or company shall furnish to the
Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the
Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, which
Station is hereby recognized as the “Kentucky Agricultural
Experiment Station,” a sealed quantity of such commercial
fertilizer, not less than one pound, sufficient for analysis,
accompanied by an affidavit that the sample so furnished
is a fair and true sample of a commercial fertilizer which
the said person or company desires to sell in this State ;
and said affidavit shall also state the name and address
of the manufacturer, the name of the fertilizer, the number
of net pounds in each package, and the minimum percentages
of the essential ingredients guaranteed in said fertilizer, in
such form and manner as may be prescribed by said Di¬
rector.

Sec. 2. The Director of said Experiment Station, upou
receipt of affidavit and sample as provided for in Section 1
and upon receipt of the fees hereinafter provided, shall
issue to said person or company a sufficient number of
labels to tag not less than twenty (20) tons of said fer¬
tilizer, on which label shall be printed the name and ad¬
dress of the manufacturer, the name of (he fertilizer, the
number of net pounds in each package, and the minimum
percentage composition in terms approved by the said Di¬
rector as certified to in affidavit furnished by said person
or company, together with a certificate from the Director
over his facsimile signature, authorizing the sale of such
package according to the provisions of this Act.

The fertilizer laws in this State require of manufac¬
turers, jobbers and dealers in fertilizers, first, to register
their brands of goods they propose to sell in Georgia with
the Department of Agriculture, and to guarantee what it
contains to the buyer. Then the State takes charge by in¬
specting these goods to see if they contain what they are
guaranteed to contain. The seller is required to put upon
each bag, barrel or package a tax tag showing that he
has paid the tax of 10 cents per ton to the State, then he
is prepared to do business; he may then sell to any per¬
son he desires in the State of Georgia. There is no law
in this State to prevent anyone from buying goods, but the
above-named rules must be complied with before they can
be sold. o. B. STEVENS.

Georgia Commissioner of Agriculture.

Our State fertilizer law requires that each dealer in fer¬
tilizers shall pay a small license fee, and the sale of fer¬
tilizers by parties who have failed to take out such license
is illegal. In addition, a tag tax of 30 cents per Ion is im¬
posed on all fertilizers sold in this State, and there is a
fine attached to the sale of untagged fertilizers, and such
sales are also considered void. Where goods are sold by
manufacturers without the State and the actual delivery
is made in the State, the courts of this State have held that
such fertilizers must also be tagged, and manufacturers and

dealers without the State have generally acquiesced in
this interpretation of the law. I do not know of any case
in which I lie buyer of untagged fertilizers shipped from
without the State has boon made to suffer for the failure
of the seller to tag the fertilizer. The courts, however,
would hold such a sale to be void, and on this account
manufacturers and dealers living without the State are
very careful about tagging goods destined for points within
this State. ’ “Could a citizen buy fertilizer on the outside
from a farmer who has not paid your license?” To this I
would reply that a sale of this kind would he considered in
the same light as a sale made by a dealer or manufacturer
residing without the State, and yet delivering the goods
within the State. b. b. ross.

Alabama State Chemist.

As I understand it, the firms selling goods into this State
are required to pay a tax of 50 cents on the ton for all
goods sold here, and are liable to a fine if they sell un¬
tagged gooos. As far as I know, however, there is no pen¬
alty attached to the farmer buying the untagged goods. He
simply runs the risk of being cheated. chas. a. mooers.

Chemist Tenn. Exp. Station.

BOXES VS. BARRELS FOR APPLES.

What has been your experience with boxed apples as com¬
pared with barrels the past season? For cold storage which
style of package is best?

There are no eastern anples that will sell in boxes. The
only apples which sell in that package are the Californias
and Oregons. which are packed in boxes of light wood spe¬
cially made for them, with fancy lithographed labels. The
eastern apples cannot compare with them in appearance,
but have a better flavor, hut the only package that can
be used for the eastern apples is the barrel.

New York. R. w. dixon & son.

We have not had very much experience in handling 1k>x
apples. What few apples are handled in boxes are mostly
fancy varieties, such as Jonathan, Spitzenburg, Winesap,
Belleflower and a few such varieties, from Oregon and Colo¬
rado. We have not had any experience in handling Mich¬
igan or Illinois fruit in those packages, but we find that
apples sell better in boxes, when the fruit is extra choice,
and people only want a limited amount. frost bros.

Chicago, Ill.

We do not handle many boxed apples, hut it is our opin¬
ion that the box is the proper package for apples, as it
seems to us that the goods must be honestly packed. In
addition to this, it ought to cause wider distribution of
apples in families who could not afford to buy a barrel,
but could afford to buy a box. It is our opinion that at
present there is strong prejudice against boxes in favor
of barrels, and we think this prejudice is more on account
of old associations than anything else. We consider that
the new box is a much more preferable package for apples
than a second-hand, musty old Hour barrel that may have
been doing service as an ash barrel for six months before
it. was used for apples. c. b. sanborn & co.

Boston, Mass.

Our experience with box apples compared with barrel
apples this season has been about the same as previous
seasons: if any difference, the situation has been in favor
of barrels. The writer may be somewhat prejudiced in
favor of barrels, as he has always advocated that nothing
should be put in boxes except some few fancy varieties and
fancy stock in a limited way. We have found that it is
much easier to sell a car of barrel stock than a car of
box stock. Our experience is that the retail grocerymen sell
the hulk of apples that are consumed, and they prefer the
barrel apples. In regard to cold storage, our experience in
the way of keeping is in favor of the barrels. I am a
grower as well as a dealer, and. as I said before, would
put nothing in boxes except the fancy varieties.

Kansas City, Mo. c. c. clemens.

Our experience in shipping apples in boxes or small pack¬
ages has not been as satisfactory as we might have hoped.
It has always been our opinion that at the prevailing price
for cooperage stock, and the possibility of same being al¬
ways high, it would be a great advantage to the export
trade in general if some other package could lie used to
take the place of the barrel. Buyers on the other side do
not seem to take to boxes for some reason or other, the
chief objection seeming to be that they can buy the fruit
cheaper in barrels when it comes to weight, for, as you
know, apples in Europe as a rule are sold at retail by
weight. In regard to storage of box apples I have no per¬
sonal experience this year. p. w. duncan.

New York.

sV'>::Yi

Are You a Dairy Farmer,
a Grain Farmer, a Slock
Farmer, or a General
Farmer?

It doesn’t make any difference
what kind of a farmer you are,
—you farm, your barn and your
work is different from that of
your neighbor. If you buy a
power to do your work, you
will find that to use that power
profitably will take a different
arrangement front any you have
ever seen on any other farm.
Instead of buying an engine and
then finding that it won’t do your
work, why not take up the
whole question with Fairbanks
Farm Power Men? It won’t cost
you anything to have them solve
your problem, to show you how
to use your power so it will
make money for you. Write
for their free book on “Farm
Power’’ and tell them' about
your farm. See what they have
to say to you. Just address,

FAIRBANKS FARM POWER MEN,

The Fairbanks Co., New York.

Scales, trucks, valves a*td fittings, ga? and
gasoline engines farm machines , machine
tools, factory po-wer transmission ,
factory supplies.

Albany, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston,
Phlla., Pittsburg, Buffalo, Syracuse,
Hartford, London, England,

IT DCES THE TRICK ! special'

This axle runs easier than any other, and reqftires
no attention, Xt’S a YA7 ondcr."
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA

20th Century Wagon Bo*

Model

fg. Co.,

. _ , , Stock Rack and Hay
ladders. Made Better than
hly bolted, not nailed. Write

iox 219 Mancie, Indiana.

It’s Easy

ToWash

With the special stiff bristled brush which comes with each machine it takes
about four minutes to wash the four simple parts that make up the bowl of the

U. S. CREAM SEPARATOR

That’s a big saving in time and labor ovpr washing crocks and pans or the com¬
plicated bowls of other separators. The cleaning of the separator bowl is an
important item, as it affects very materially the quality of the cream. Cream
that has been run through an imperfectly cleaned separator does not bring the
highest price, and cannot be made into the best butter. All the highest scores
on dairy butter at the St. Louis World’s Fair were won by butter made from
cream skimmed by a U. S. Separator.

“ Better butter " is only one of its many advantages. Our free booklet tells
them all fully. Write for one to-day.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, La Crosse, Wis., Sioux City, la., Kansas City,
Mo., SaU Lake City, Utah. San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buflalo, JN. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal
and Sherbrooke, Que., Hamilton, Ont., Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

401

ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS. VT

If You
Want a

FENCE

That is Horse High, Bull Strong,
Pig and Chicken tight
That is made from the best High
Carbon Steel Wire
That Is heavily Galvanized to pre¬
vent rust or corrosion
That is Coiled to provide for con¬
traction and expansion
That you can buy direct from us
at Wholesale Prices with

Freight Prepaid

To Your Station

That you can examine and order
returned if displeased
That you can erect and use for 30
days and return at our freight
expense if unsatisfactory and
get your money, write forour
New Catalogue telling how Wire
is made, how it is Galvanized
and why some Wire is good
and some is bad. It is FREE.
Write for it to-day. Address,

KITSELfiAN BROTHERS,

Box 230 MUNCIE, INDIANA.

398

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Mr\y 1?

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

THE FAIRIES.

Up I lio airy mountain,

Down the rushy glen,

We daren’t go a hunting
For fear of little men;

Wee folk, good folk.

Trooping all together;

Green jacket, red cap
And white owl’s feather.

Down along the. rocky shore
Some make their home;

They live on crispy pancakes
Of yellow tide foam.

Some in the reeds

Of t lie ldack mountain lake,

With frogs for their watchdogs
All night awake.

High on the hilltops
The old king sits;

He Is now so old and gray
He’s nigh lost his wits.

On a bridge of white mist
Columbkill lie crosses,

On ids stately journeys

From Slieveleague to Rosses,

Or going up with music
On still Summer nights
To sup with the queen

Of the gay Northern Lights.

They stole little Bridget
For seven years long;

When she came back again
Her friends were all gone.

They took her lightly back

Between the night and morrow:
They thought that she was sound
asleep,

But she was dead with sorrow.

They have kept her ever since,

Deep within t lie lakes.

On a bed of Hag leaves,

Waiting till she wakes.

By tlie craggy hillside,

Through the mosses bare.

They have planted thorn trees
For pleasure here and there.

Is any man so daring
To dig one up in spite,
lie shall find the thornies set
In li Is bed at night.

T’p the airy mountain,

Down the rushy glen.

We daren't go a-huntlng,

For fear of little men.

Wee folk, good folk.

Trooping all together:

Green jacket, red cap
And white owl's feathers.

— William Alilngbnm,

Of Ballyshannon, lS.'ifi.

*

To clean a sponge pour boiling water
over it. to which has been added a little
ammonia; cover and allow it to stand for
l.‘) minutes. Squeeze the sponge vigor¬
ously, -and then rinse thoroughly in cold
water. Never use soap with your sponge.
*

A safety-pin holder is a convenient
trifle to hang somewhere about the dress¬
ing table. It requires a ring about ait
inch in diameter, which is covered with
embroidery silk in buttonhole stitch. To
this are fastened three lengths of inch-
wide ribbon, each ending in another silk-
covered ring. Safety pins of assorted
sizes are clasped through the. rings, while

the upper ring hangs the holder up.

*

Herf. is a delicious salad dressing,
which will keep a long time if put on ice,
or in a cold place. Mix half a cupful of
oil. five tablespoonfuls vinegar, half a tea¬
spoonful powdered sugar, half a small
Bermuda onion, finely chopped, two table-
spoonfuls chopped parsley, half a table¬
spoonful chopped red pepper, one table¬
spoonful chopped green pepper, one tea¬
spoonful salt. Let it stand for an hour,
then whip up with an egg beater before
using.

*

Havana amande is a Cuban beverage
that will be found delicious during the
appproaching warm weather. Blanch three
dozen sweet almonds as follows: First
shell, then throw into boiling water; let
stand on the back of the stove five min¬
utes, put them in- cold water, and rub be¬
tween the hands to remove the skins.
Pound the almonds to a pulp, and boil
with two quarts of milk, adding a stick
of cinnamon or a little vanilla. Sweeten

to taste, let cool, strain through a fine
sieve and put on ice. Serve the same ?s
lemonade.

*

In a discussion of several recent suits
brought for breach of promise of marriage,
the Philadelphia Ledger remarks that in
one of the cases the defense contended
that there had been no explicit promise
of marriage, but it was admitted that the
defendant “kept company” with the plain-

4944 Chllcl’g Apron, 2 to 8 yrs.

tiff “11 years.” We know nothing of this
particular case, nor want to know, but
that touch, “kept company 11 years,” is
a hint of the greatest, deepest and most
irremediable tragedies of town, country
and village life. This custom of long en¬
gagements, or where there is no formal
engagement ; this “keeping company” in
such a way that if an engagement does not
exist it ought to, is one of the character¬
istic marks of a dull or stagnant or care¬
less community. A young man begins to
call frequently on a young woman of
character and prospects, ai d continues to
make his attentions more assiduous, until
finally by general consent they are marked
as belonging to one another. Other young
men resnect the romance, and eventually
this young woman becomes as one set
apart and destined. The years speed on,
and her old playmates among the girls are
long ago married, her contemporaries
among the boys have gone to the city or

4980 Graduated Tucked Skirt,

22 to 30 waist.

are attending to their own families, and
she is left alone with the man who, by all
the rules of decency, ought to have mar¬
ried her long since or else have ceased his
attentions. And then this man concludes,
after the lapse of five, 10 or 15 years,
that he either does not care to marry or
that he will marry another girl. There is
no more bitter nor more pitiful tragedy
than this in life. Americans boast with
reason of the freedom of their girls, and
of the self-reliance and purity of thought
and character developed by the system of
hearty open relations between decent young
men and women; but there is such a mat¬
ter as carrying a thing too far. The place

I for young men and wtfmen, if they are to
carry on the relation of friendship without
marriage for a considerable time, is where
they are surrounded by the family circle,
I under the supervision and watchful care of
their fat .ers, mothers and brothers and
sisters, and the only “steadv company”
which is permissible in a well-regulated
family is that of man and wife.

The Rural Patterns.

A serviceable apron that covers the en¬
tire frock is very useful, and on warm
Sumner days it may be worn in place of
a dress. No. 494-1 is made with front and
backs and is finished at the neck with a
wide roll-over collar. The sleeves are
ample and can be drawn on over those
of tbe dress without danger of rumpling.
To the front are attached two patch
pockets and there is a belt attached to
the under-arm seams which confines the
fullness of the back. Tbe quantity of ma¬
terial required for a girl of six years of
age is 2*4 yards 27 or 2 yards 30 inches
wide. Tbe pattern 4‘.)44 is cut in sizes f\r
children of 2, 4, 0 and 8 years of ago
price 10 cents.

Tucks made in all widths are attrac¬
tive in the fashionable light weight ma¬
terials. The graceful skirt illustrated ex¬
emplifies their use. In the case of the
model the fullness at the upper edge is
arranged in narrow tucks, but it can be
shirred whenever that * ent is pre¬
ferred. All materials that are suited to
the fashionable full skirts are appropriate.
The skirt is cut in five - ores and is laid
in four horizontal tucks of graduated
width. When tucked at the upper edge
the stitchings render it firm; when shirred
it is arranged over a foundation yoke.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 13^4 yards 21, 1014 yards

27 or 0J4 yards 44 inches wide. The pat¬
tern 4980 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26

28 and 30 inch waist measure; price 10
cents.

t t

A KALAMAZOO

Direct to You'

Wo will send you direct
from our factory, freight
prepaid, any Kalamazoo
.Stove or Range on a

360 Days
Approval
Test

If not as repre¬
sented the range
or stove is to he returned
at our expense. We save
you from 2(1# to 4u#, be¬
cause we give you

Lowest Factory Prices,

cutting out all dealers,’ jobbers.' middlemen's
and agents’ profits. We are the only stove
manufacturers in the world who sell their entire
product direct to the user. We guarantee
quality under a $20,000 bond.

Send Postal for Catalog No. 114

describing' full line of rnngcn, cook
HtovcH ami heaters of all kind*.

Kalamazoo Stove Co., Mfrs.,

Kalamazoo, Mich.

We fit a'l our ra » gen and conk
stores with it nr patent oven th ■ r-
momt i tr which makes bakiny easy

AT WHOLESALE PRICES

Oven Thermometer Attachment To introduce our well-

known line every¬
where, we will sell our

Gold Coin
Ranges

or Heating
Stoves at
the Whole-
Bale price,
aeourely
c r a t od,
freight

&r 1 paid,
K ly pol¬
ished, ru-dy to
Putin your
home, and sent
On Trial.
This is the first
proposition of
this kind ever
made by a manu¬
facturer of a High
Grade Trade M irk

PATENT

8TELLIF0RM GRATE
handy, easy, saves fuel

Stove. Write for our Free Illustrated Catalog No. a
THE GOBI) COIN JgTOVlS CO,, Troy, N. y.
(Successor to Bussey & McLeod).

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

haa been o*ed by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays I
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best (
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

U)

h

o

in

<m

PISO'S CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Couch Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N>

cn

o

H

W

When yon write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

You want to know
how to get my lamp-
chimneys.

(1) Your grocer sells
them, if he is fit to be
your grocer; may be
he don’t.

(2) 11 you’ll write
me, I’ll send you my
Index; that tells every¬
thing.

M AC BETH, Pittsburgh.

Buncoed

The man who is persuad¬
ed to buy a substitute for
the famous

WILLIAMS’ I’m

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly."

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

PureWhiteIead

Pure White Lead and pure lin¬
seed oil are the only necessary
ingredients (aside from the color)

of THE BEST PAINT. Prop¬
erly mixed and properly applied
PURE White Lead and oil
always gives satisfaction.

Every paint dealer sells PURE
White Lead. No dealer encour¬
ages its sale because of the small
margin of profit it affords him. This
is characteristic of staple goods.

White Lead is often adulterated to cheapen
it, but the PURE article is necessary for
good paint. Our booklet “ What Paint
and Why ” tells you how to make sure of
purity. Our nearest office will send it,
free, upon request.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead 6c Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis 6c Bros. Co., Philadelphia

Banner Lye

in handy cans

Ther-- are any number of uses for Banner Lor,
and the patented safety package makes it eo -
veuieut to handle.

Ba nner Lye lias no equal as a cleaner and dis¬
infectant. It not only mokes your home safe
aizainst the dangers of dirt and disease germs,
hut makes your milk-pans, butter-tubs and dairy
sweet and sanitary.

Ton’t confuse- Banner Lye with old-siy’e lye.
It is odorless and colorless, safe, quick and
cheap.

For soap=making

the grease from your kitchen can he used to
good advantage witli a 10 cent can of Burner
Lye. >o boiling or large kettles are need.d;
in ten minutes you have 10 pounds cf good hard
soap or 20 gal ous of soft soap.

Write for booklet " Uses of Banner Lye," and give
us your grocer’s name should lie not have it.

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia U gA

1905.

399

Sowing Seed.

Now the seed catalogues are flooding
the country, and we Iarmers begin to
make plans for the Summer. But after
the family vegetables have been made sure
of there still remains an emptiness to fill
in every normal woman’s soul. Too many
01 us say albeit with a sigh: “I’m too
drove t’ have much of a flower bed.”
This quotation comes to my mind : “Adorn
and beautify your homes with flowers, for
the b e that is thus made sweet and

beautiful is prepared to become the abode
of brighter affections and more radiant
virtues.” Do let us. have flowers. 1 know
there i. l’t anyone so busy cr so “down
on his luck” that he may not have this
pleasure. 1 know because I am very busy
indeed every Summer. 'I'll is is how 1
solved the problem of a flower garden,
when I had ah#ost no time at all :

Father plowed four furrows a rod long
beside the driveway. My first idea was
to have a rose garden here, but the men
folks soon convinced me the ground was
not in fit state. 1 called down much ridi¬
cule on my head by planting kidiiey beans.
Lack of care and blight spoiled my crop.

] shelled out. in the Fall, a pint of miser¬
able apologies for beans; kidney or any-
tl ; else. But the ground was richer for
the failure cf my crop, and the next year
1 decided to postpone my rose garden and
have a few flowers. To begin with, I
set out a border of tiny perennial daisies,
and set off square beds. On the end near
the house I set out the beginning of a
rose garden, one pink and a white moss;
also a blush rose bush. On the west side
of our driveway is a line of apple trees,
so on the east side of my garden strip I
set out 'beginning .a the house end) a
flowering currant, hardy Hydrangea, two
dark red poeonies and a pink one. The
remaining fourth was planted to sweet
peas. Next the roses was a bed of Asters,
then Coreopsis of flaming yellow, then
some mignonette and a few pansies. My
house plants consisted of five geraniums,
a Begonia, a heliotrope and a slip of
southernwood that an old lady had given
me. This latter I put with the roses.
'1 he house plants were set out and then a
Canna and five or six Dahlias we had
left from the cowyard fence. 'This garden
cost me 20 cents, with a minimum of time
and care.

The cowyard is never a very sightly
place at best, and one day I had an inspi¬
ration. We accordingly set a line of
Dahlias to hide its ugliness. I already
had a mound of stones filled with dirt,
and here in the shade of a Porter apple
tree I substituted English violets which a
friend gave me for the traditional fernery.
This has been a great success in spite of
much tribulation. 'Hie dog dug and buried
a bone there twice, and once the chickens
were there diligently hunting for worms.
But each time 1 arrived in time to repair
damages. Last Fall the week before
Thanksgiving I took Grandma about a
dozen fragrant purple blossoms. I hope
for many more this Spring.

Our house is one of the old-timers, with
low rooms roomy enough for the big, old-
fashioned families. it is gray and
weatherbeaten, hut its sturdy oak timbers
are still able to do their duty. I love its
walls of paneling, its broad open beams
and big fireplaces, but there are no blinds
to keep out the heat and glare in Summer.
After all. I think I like my subsfltutes
better. The Ruby Queen rose is climbing
past one window in the living room, on
the east side, with the common white kind
at the other. This white bush is at least a
hundred years old. 1 have it on good
authority. The other.. v\\indows in this
room are on the west and north. 1 he
eastern windows in the kitchen have green
curtains of morning glory vines, and also
on window to the north. 'Hie door be¬
ing on the east side, and having no porch,
last year I set two blush roses, one each
side of the doorstone. When the Phila¬
delphia Rambler arrived its place was
ready for it under the parlor window.
There is a spot about six f< t square in
the yard between the ho ise and barn.
The first flower garden of my own was
made there ten years ago. This land is
very rich from much dressing. One year
I sowed it down to Portulaca and then
some time afterward spaded it over and
set Salvia. The mass of color attracted
much attention. Then I had marigolds
and a border of candytuft and mignonette.
I want poppies there this coming Summer
with a border of “baby’s V’-eath” (Gypso-
phila).

If anyone loves flowers she ought to
nave them, and may without sacrificing
time, strength and but very little money.
1 am not quite ure but we should have
them if we don’t want them. Surely there
is no human being so blind to beauty that
he really dislikes flowers. T know a place
where there are the ruins of a house and
some once fine apple trees. I he trees are
gnarled, broken, a pathetic silent witness

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

of desertion and neglect. And near where
the door used to be grows a beautiful lilac
bush, symmetrical, glossy green and in-
sistantly fragrant. It is that which re¬
minds me tliat once there was a home
here. As a child my mother used to pick
tho~a blossoms. Some one told her about
the* little two-roomed house there and its
owner. She told it to me when I, a child,
stumbled upon the spot and came home
laden with the fragrant boughs, and the
discovery 1 had made. 1 have always
been fond of lilac since that time.

ADAH E. COLCOR1).

Some Layer Cake Fillings.

Here are some variations of old favor
ites which have found favor at our table
Mini1/ jhaha cake having been pro¬
nounced too sweet and characterless, we
substituted Zante currants for the chopped
raisins. Chop the currants, not too fine,
stir into a plain boiled frosting and add
a teaspoonful of lemon juice, or if the
lemon is not at hand use a little good vin¬
egar.

When making a cocoanut layer cake
turn a halfcupful of cocoanut into the
syrup you are boiling Lr the frosting and
let cook till a drop will harden in cold
water; turn over th • beaten white of an
egg as usual, and after spreading on the
cake sprinkle over it more cocoanut. This
boiling of the cocoanut seems to bring out
its flavor and gives a more moist and
toothsome loaf. Again we vary a filling
by frosting the upper layer with plain
white and adding a mixture of nuts and
fruits between the layers. The meats of
almonds, filberts and Brazil nuts are
shaved thin with a sharp knife, pecans and
English walnuts are broken small, a few
dates or figs are cut fine and sprinkled
with powdered sugar to prevent sticking.
If dates or figs are not at hand, one may
use raisins or cocoanut ; in any case, have
the nuts and fruit ready, stir into a boiled
frosting and spread on the lower layer
or layers, after which place on top the
layer already spread with the white frost¬
ing before adding the fruit and nuts.
A iew nuts, not enough to place upon the
table, may thus be turned to good account.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Bookshelf.

The First Book on Farming, by
Charles L. Goodrich ; 259 pages ; 86 illus¬
trations; Doubleday, Page & Co., New
iork. This is a clearly written and well
printed book, usefvl as a fundamental
work for the farm library or a school text
book. Some of the subjects treated are:
Root growth, soils, moisture, plant food,
seeds, tillage, manures, crop rotations and
drainage. Price from this office $1 net,
postage It cents additional.

The Note Book Habit. — The note book
habit is a very useful one. When you
come across something in your reading
that you think would be of benefit, if
tried, jot it down in a book kept for that
purpose. If you make no note of it the
chances are that you will never think of
it again, or if you do the paper will he
mislaid, and you will not remember it
clearly enough to be able satisfactorily to
put it to trial. A note book so used and
often consulted will prove a great help.

H. R. A.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

1 he Reeve Kitchen Cabinet

AT WHOLESALE PRICES

pi! Wo are now selling

' those famous Kiteh-

on Cabinets direet
3 from factory to you,
. thus saving you deal-

•fcl ers' big profits.

Writo to-day for
illustrated catalogue
and reduced p r i c o
list to

Reeve Mfg. Co.,

27 Main Street,
Cortluml, N.Y.

RUBEROID

TRAPe mark o

OOFING

STANDARD

FOR 14 YEARS

Ruberoid was the first weaHi r-proof and cl stie
rooting placed upi n tlie market, and there is more
of it sold to-day than of auy other roofing. lo is and
has be n for fourteen years manuf etured sol ly by
us. It iw the only prepaied roofing which outlasts
metal and shingles. Po.sitively weather-proof aud Hre-
esistiug. Any li ndy man can apply it.

To protect you against imposli ion by would-be imita¬
tors, we stamp tlie registered trade mark "Itl! ItKKOl
o i the imders de, every four feet. Send for samples
aud Booklet “K.”

Have you seen

Ruberoid Red Roofing?

A permanent rooting with a permanent color.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers

1(10 William Street, N.Y.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

Largo No. K A Catalogue Freo.
OWN YOUR OWN TKLKPHONK I.INE
Our telephones are powerful, loud
talking and absolutely guaranteed

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A,

TELEPHONES

ANl) LINE MATERIAL FOR *

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
7H Central A ve., Cleveland, O.

PAPER WALLS

IUNT ow is Tlio Timo

to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you I
see our offer. Giltn, Km bowsed, Silks, ami Ingrains at f» to I
12 1*2 ots. per roll. Wo save you M) p.c. ; we defy conipe- I
tition. Write for our free book ot samples with complete f
instruct Iona for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMKB8 WALL PAI’KK AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

BICYCLES ON TRIAL

for 10 days. We ship on ap¬
proval to anyone without a cent deposit.

i!>o5 SeT* *W to *24

with Coaster-Brakes & Punc ture-Proof Tires.

1M>3 & 1 fill t Models

of best makes . • *CJ ^ M aC

SOO Second - Hand Wheels

All makes & Mod- $ O $ O

els good as now O IC/ O
RIDER AGENTS WANTED Id

each town at good pay. IVrite at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.

TIKKS, STTNDKIKS, AUTOMOBILES.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, wso CHICAGO

Wage Earners
Pay You

5%

$25 upward, with¬
drawable oil MO
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn
Ings from clay received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Hanking Department.

QUIt LOANS art* secured
" by mortgages on Huburbnn
honitfH owned by ambltkn.s
wage-earnern, paying all Inter-
m and part principle mosthly-
You would choose Mich iuvest-
in cuts for SAFKTY We put
then) within your reach, paying
• p. c. per annum on sums large
»r small FltOM DAY OF HK
OKI FT TO DATE OF WITH
DKAWAL. (’onservative In¬
ventors will appreciate a pb<n
ilf rdlng all the security and
protit without the annoyance
t' individual morlguge Ioann.
Wiite for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus aud Profits, . $100, ooo
Industrial Havings aud Loan Co.
5Thne^HNrg^rw^N^^lt^

Rural Boxes

Three Years
After.

| New boxes always look pretty, and many have do-funny C
attachments cute enough for Christmas toys, but time
and the elements are the only true test. Ii. S. Whitte-
more of Troy, O. writes us: “On my route 1 sold 70 odd
of your boxes in 1902 and they are just as good as the
day they were put up. While the other makes are
showing the effects of tlie wear more or less.” We want
agents on every old route to replace those “other
makes. ’’Literal discounts. Address,

Bond Steel Post Co., Adrian. Michigan.

KA DEXX

^f! Cream Extractor

Has three times the separat¬
ing power of other makes.
Does not mix water and milk.

Beats Them All

because It gets more cream.
More butter. Greater profits.
Easier to dean and operate. No
waste. Durable. Antl.ruat
throughout. Results Guaran¬
teed. Catalog free. Write to¬
day. We want rood agent*.
KA DEW CREAM SEPARATOR CO.
30 Ki Dexx Bldg. ROCHESTER, K . r.

PRICE EXPLAINED

*1*0 ROAD" WAGONS at

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00 $14 .00 to $ 1 7V0 0,

TOP BUGGIES.almllarto one Illustrated. SURREYS at *

HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED. l$34-.00 to $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at these prices anil why we can

sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house is all fully explained In our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogues. Cut this ad. out and send to us anil
youwlll reeeis’o by return mail, Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything In Buggies, Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys, Phaetons, Carriages,
Light aud Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness, Baddies und Sad¬
dlery, all shown In large handsome halftone
Illustrations, full descriptions anil all prici-dat price*
much lower thnu an* oilier house ran po.alhly make.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

I nance y°u wl|l receive the moat aston-
LUUUCd lahlng Buggy Offer ever heard of,
anew and astonishing proposition. How others
can offer top buggies at (31.00 to (23.00 aud why wo can sell at much lower prices than all others will ho
fully explained. We will explain why we ship so as to muke freight charges amount to next to nothing.
We will expluln why we are the only makers or dealers' in the world tliut ran ship buggies the day we receive
your order. OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER, OUR PAY AFTER RECEIVED TERMS. OUR BINDING GUAR¬
ANTEE ARE ALL EXPLAINED WHEN WE SEND YOU THE FOUR FREE CATALOGUES.
UtllfC vnil A II V IIC C CAD A DIIPPV O If you have, don’t fall to cut this ad. out today and mall
llAVC IUUANI Uot rUtl A DUUU I ; tou*. If you cant uae A TOP BUGGY AT ANY PRICE,
call your neighbor's attention to this announcement. Don’t buy any kind of a buggy until after you
cut this ail. out und send to us and get THE FOUR BIG FREE CATALOGUES, THE MOST LIBERAL

OFFER, The Very Latest Proposition, everything Or A DC DACDIIPIf 0. PA PUIPAPA III

explained, all free for the asking. Write Today. OEAlldj llUCDUulV S Ulla, l/fllllAUU, ILL '

BUILD UP Zenith* wimd

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent in vigor at or
If} for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

4oo

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Strawberries are very plentiful, really
good ones retailing at two quarts for 25
cents.

I’eachbs, prunes, pears and apricots on the
I'acilic coast indicate about two-thirds of
last year’s crop.

The record price for Wyoming wool was
paid recently, when 300,000 pounds were sold
at 22 to 23 cents. This makes the scoured
wool cost 70 cents.

The gold standard went into effect in Mex¬
ico May 1. The change from the silver basis
did not create any business disturbance, as
regulations prepared some time before cov¬
ered the new conditions.

Tim cheese market at Utica and Little
Falls, N. Y., opened May 1 with sales of
about 2,600 boxes, most of which brought
12% to 12% cents. Most of the factories in
that, section are said to be in operation.

Potatoes continue very low, much old
stock selling under $1 per barrel. The ar¬
rivals of new have been heavy enough to
cause a decline of 50 cents to $1 per barrel.
Top prico for Florida No. 1, Rose, is $4.25
at present, but $3.50 covers many sales.

Butter has dropped four cents since last
report. The recent declines have stimulated
trade, especially out of town orders. Un¬
duly cool weather in the producing sections
has shortened the Spring crop, but reports
are that the make will soon show a mate¬
rial increase, so possibly we have seen the
last of 30-cent: butter for the present.

Fresh Eggs Agai.v. — “Will you give me
the names of egg dealers and commission men
who can handle fancy eggs? Our eggs are
strictly fresh, shipping a case every other

day. I have found - very reliable,

always getting quotations and sometimes two
to four cents above, but it is natural to be
always looking for something better.”

New York. c. b.

This is a case where the old saying about
letting “well enough alone” would seem to
apply. The dealer named is a tirst-class man,
having the reputation in the trade of being
a well informed egg man, square and honest.
Several readers have voluntarily written to
us that their dealings with him have been
entirely satisfactory. As the inquirer wishes
to experiment, several names of dealers have
been given him, but I doubt whether any bet¬
ter returns will be had. h.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 13,

market

Prices current in New York for week end¬
ing May 6, 1905:

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . —

No. 1, hard, Manitoba . —

Corn, No. 2, mixed . —

Oats, mixed . —

Barley . —

FEED.

Wholesale prices New York.

Spring bran . 17.85

Middlings . 18.50

Red dog . 22.50

llominy chop . 20.00

Oil meal . 29.50

Retail, Western New York.

Wheat bran . 22.00

Middlings . 23.00

Red dog . 26.00

Corn and oafs . 25.00

Oil meal . 34.00

@ 91 %
@> 97%
@ 54
@ 35
@ 46

@ —
@ 21.00
@ —
@ —
@ —

@23.00
(a 20.00
@27.00
@26.00
@35.00

IIAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . — @ SO

No. 2 . 70 @ 75

No. 3 . 00 @ 65

Clover and clover mixed.... 60 @ 75

MILK.

New York Exchange .price
.quart in 26-cent freight 'zone.

BUTTER.

•Creamery . 23 @

.State dairy . 20 @

Imitation creamery . 23 @

Renovated . 17 @

Factory . 19 @

% cents per

26%

25

25

25

23

Full cream.

CHEESE,
small, fancy.

— @

Good to fine . 12 %@

Light skims

9 % @

Full skims . 4%

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 20

Lower grades . 18

Western and Southern...

Duck eggs, doz .

Goose eggs . .

14%

13%

10%

5%

. 20

@

21

. 18

@

19

. 16

@>

18

. 23

@

25

@

50

DRIED FRUITS.
Apples, evaporated, fancy. . . .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, com. to prime.

6% @ 7

5 % @ 6

_ _ , _ _ r 4 @ 5

Sun dried . . 2 % @ 4

Chops, 100 lbs. . . .
Cores and oldns.

.45

90

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Spitz, and Spy . 2.00

Ben Davis and Baldwin . 2.00

Greening . 1.50

Russet . 1.75

Cherries, Calif., 10-lb. box.... 1.00
Strawberries, Southern, qt. ... o

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.

Cucumbers, dozen . 30

Cauliflower, dozen . 2.50

lyettuce, dozen . 15

Mushrooms, lb . 30

Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.00

Tomatoes, lb . 10

BEANS.

Marrow, bushel . 2.50

Pea . 1-50

Red kidney . 2.45

White kidney . —

Yellow eye . 2.00

Black turtle soup . —

@1.50
11.00

@3.50
@2.75
@4.00
@3.00
@3.75
@ 10

@ 40
@4.00
Ov 50
(a 60
@ 2.00
@ 25

@2.90
@1.75
(a 2.70
@3.10
@2.05
@3.25

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, State and Western,

180 lbs .

Maine, 168-lb. bag .

Bermuda and Florida, ch
Southern, second crop . .

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl...

Asparagus, prime, doz...

Culls .

Beets, new, 100 bunches .

Carrots, new, 100 bunches

Cabbage, new, bbl. -crate .

Celery, prime, doz .

Lettuce, half-bbl. basket
Onions, E'n, yellow & red, bbl.

Peas, bushel basket .

Radishes, bbl .

Spinach, bbl .

String beans, bu. bkt. . . .

LIVE POULTRY

Chickens, lb . .

Fowls .

Roosters . . . . .

Turkeys .

Ducks, pair .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 14

Broilers, 3% to 4 lbs. to pr. ,1b.

Chickens . 15

Fowls . 10

Ducks, Spring . 24

Squabs, dozen .

COUNTRY-DRESSED

Calves .

Lambs, head . 3.00

Hogs . 5 %@

LIVE STOCK.

Calves, veal . - — -

Sheep . 5.10

Lambs . 5.90

Hogs . 6.60

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here.

Peppermint . 2.90

Wintergreen . 1.85 @2.10

Tansy . 3.75 @4.25

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Sassafras . 57 % @ 75

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — ■

Muriate of potash . —

Acid phosphate . —

. . 87

@ 1.12

Oj 1 .00

@4.50

. .1.00

@2.00

. .2.00

@4.00

@4.00

. . 1.00

@1.50

. .2.00

@5.00

@3.00

. . 1 .25

@3.00

. . 40

@) 90

. . 25

@1.00

111. 2.25

@3.50

. . 50

@1.75

. . 1 .00

@2.00

@1.00

. . 56

@2.00

1Y.

—

@ 12

. * -

@ 13%

. . -

@ 9

—

@ 14

. . 60

@ 80

. .1.00

@1.37

. . —

@ 25

TRY.

. . 14

@ 18

b. 35

@ 40

. . 15

@ 20

. . 10

@ 14

. . 24

@> 30

@2.75

MEATS.

@ 7%

. .3.0(1

@6.00

6

@

@ —
@ 6.35
<a 6.75

@3.25

Kainit

Dried blood .

Tankage .

Bone meal .

Peruvian guano .

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb.
Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb.

@52.00
@>43.00
@12.50
@12.00
@52.00
@35.00
@25.00
@37.00
@ 2%

@ 6%

thi- rut

?C.ftANA# OdKtesa f 'fpRAND’

WATERPROOF

OILED CLOTHING

RECEIVED THE

HIGHEST POSSIBLE AWARD

AT THE ST. LOUIS WORLD S PAIR.

•Send us the nejnes of dealers in
your town who do not .sell our
goods. and we will .send you a.
collection of pictures, in colors, of
famous towers of the world. 878 ~
A. J. TOWER CO.. ESTABLISHED 1636.

BOSTON. NEW YORX. CHICAGO.

TOWER CANADIAN CO.. Li>it«J. TORONTO CAN

LAMBS, CALVES.

We have a large trade in Dressed Lambs, Calves,
Hothouse Products, Fancy Eggs, Fruits and Vege¬
tables. Top prices secured for choice products.
Write us what you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., lOO Murray St., N. Y.

GUO. P. HAMMOND. E8T. 1876. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO..

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds <A
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Kggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. ^Consignments solicited.

84 A 36 Little 12tli St.. New York.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers' clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefiersou, Ohio.

Pine. Hemlock and Cypress in 200sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblesklll, N. Y.

ATTENTION

| — Needing male
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.

I. HEKZ, Geul. Mgr., 99Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

JVt APS, Keports.Descrlptlve Lists, Prices, Illustrated
-DA Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Beet
Markets. State Board of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

{JHE ever increasing sale of
“IONE” shoes proves that
they fully satisfy the tens of thou¬
sands of men who demand them
every season. Manufactured in all
approved shapes from the finest
leathers, by experienced workmen,
they are the largest value for the
money in the shoe world.

Insist on having “ IONE” and
if not found, write us and we will
see that you secure them.

Huckins, Temple & Wood,

Only Tinkers
BOSTON

»♦♦♦ H0LLYR00D FARM
A Gentleman’s Country Home

Beautiful and healthy location, Lawns. Rare Shade
Trees. Conservatory. Gardeners’ cottage and small
tenement on estate.

HAVE HERD OF ABOUT lOO HEAD OF
HIGHLY BRED

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

All Registered.

Also Choice Jersey Red Swine for Breeding.

Farm consists of about 300 acres, cultivated and
woodland. Farm Implements, Machinery, and Work¬
ing stock. Ready for immediate business; will pay
10* on invesment. Inspection invited. Will sell farm
and stock separately if desired. For particulars
address Hon* \V. B. ROYCE, or JA8. II.
WALLICK, Middletown, New York.

Choice Chester

_ _ __ White Pigs.

D. C. BRANDS, Delaware, New Jersey.

P"nD Q Al C Short-horn Bull Calf.
■ I V P‘1 Lb Ei A good one. Price $20.

tile N - ‘

A. W. GRAHAM, Cas

New York.

Your horse has fever. Quick!
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome desigcs ; strong
‘ and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &
MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

1.00 For A

A -00 For A

IOmachine

That will weave fence at
cost of wire only. Saves
money. $25 buys enough
Coiled Hard Steel Wire
for 100 rods of fence. Agents
wanted. Catalogue free.
CARTER WIRE FENCE
MACHINE CO.

Box 225 Mt. Sterling, Ohio

Aerated
oMilk Pays

Milk is money to the farmer. It
pays best when cooled and
aerated to remove animal heat
and stable odors.

Champion Milk
Cooler -Aerator

i Saves ice, work and time. Used and
endorsed by thousands. Write for
free booklet, “Milk and Its Care."

.Champion Milk CoolerCo.

9 Squires Street,

Huea Cortland, N. Y.

Champion^-

Milk

Cooler- Aerator'

/"> |T J MTS' £3 / I C3 C Amnowoffer-
MmsMsM L. M M ing some Pups

equalled by few, surpassed by none. Natural heelers.
Prices to suit the individual. Write for stud cards.

P. L. SAVAGE, Marcellus, Michigan.

Maryland Fruit Farm. On Eastern Shore Penin¬
sula; 140 acres; orchard of 500 pear. 500 peach and
240 apple trees; is considered one of the best in
Somerset County; big lot of oak, gum and pine tim¬
ber; only one mile to Chesapeake Bay; 3 miles to
first-class village with depot, bank, high school,
churches, etc. ; convenient 9 room house; large stable,
hennery, etc., all in good repair; delightful climate,
pure water, productive, easily worked soil; home
cash markets; price was $0,000 but owner has other
business, and to get quick sale has reduced price to
only $4,500, part cash and easy terms. For details
and "Delaware and Maryland Farms” (illustrated),
describing 50 other bargains with reliable information
of soils, climate, products and markets. Address
E. A. STROUT, Dept. 42, 150 Nassau St., New York
City, or Princess Anne, Maryland.

VIRGINIA FARMS

cost $io r»EPi aclie

Income $30 per Aero

Virginia Land Is doing this for Its farmers every year, and
we prove it to you by signed statements. Long Summers,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eastern
markets at lowest rates Best church, school and social arivao
tages. For list offarms, excursion rates ami what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAUME, Agr. and lad. Agt.
Norfolk and Western By., B«xl7 Koanoke, Va.

UNITED STATES

Importing Canadian
WHEAT

Is Now u Fact. Get a

HOMESTEAD

In

WESTERN
CANADA

or buy some of the best wheat lands on
the continent, and become a producer.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

The average yield of wheat this year
will be ubout 20 bushels to the acre.
The oat and barley crop will also yield
abundantly. Splendid climute good,
schools and churches, excellent market¬
ing facilities.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

EGGS

$5 for 12 ; $10 f r 36, from Exhibition Matings.
$2 for 12 ; $8 for 100 from Laying Matings.
Guaranteed tp hatch. Descriptive Catalog Free.

ELM POULTRY YARDS

Box Y. HARTFORD, CONN.

Excellent for Barns, sneds. Houses, Etc.

Here Is a chance to g*t a twj.piy rooting felt at a
low price. W e want /to mete It easy for you to test
this popular H. 11. liv*.n(l felt rooting, and have
made the price exceptionally low. We can’t
guarantee this price will hold good always so
If you need rooting for your house, barn, corn
crib, poultry house, or for covering the sides
of your building, inside or outside, bettersend
your order at once. We are the largest rooting
house In the world. Itemember, this price <•
for 108 sq. ft., or 1 roll of the H. B. feltroolln0.
We have other grades of roof covering#* Ask
for tree Bamples and booklet V-6.
n HARRIS BROS., Loomis & 85th Sts.. I
raL. Chicago, 111. ,r

Save Time, Labor and Money SSMSjSS

This No. 3 Pennsylvania Thresher and Cleaner and Roller Bearing
Level Tread Power is the best individual outfit for threshing rye, barley,
oatfl, flax, rice, alfalfa, millet, sorghum, timothy, etc. Will thresh and clean 100 to l£0
bushels of wheat per day. Also made in two and three horse sizes. Power can be used
for cutting ensilage and dry feed, shelling all kinds of grain, to run the saw, green bone
cutter, pump water, separate cream, churn, etc. Also make lever powers, Feed and En-
silage Cutters, Grinders, Saws, etc. Heebner k Sons, 22 Broad 8t„ Lansdale, Pa.

New Steel Roofing ana Siding $2. OO per WO Sq. Ft.

- - „ Painted red on both sides. Most durable and economical covering for Roofing, Siding or Celling for Residences, Uouaes,

Burns, Sheds, Elevators, Stores, Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Easier to lay _

anil will last longer than any other covering. Cheaper than shingles or slate. No experience - _

necessary. A hammer or hatchet the only tools needed. It Is seml-hardened high grade steel.

*2.00 Is our price for the flat. Corrugated as shown In cut, or “V” crimped or standing seam
costs *2.10 per 100 square feet.. We offer Pressed llrlek Siding and Bended Celling or
Siding ut *2.25 per lOO Square Feet. Thousands of buildings throughout the world
are covered with this steel rooltng and siding, making their buildings

FIRE, WATER AMD LIGHTNING PROOF.

Rend In your order for as many squares as you may need to cover your new or <
building. Time will prove Its enduring qualities. Withstands the elements, best of
roofings. At prices noted In this advertisement,

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for
prices for shipment to such points. Ask for further particulars. Immediate shipment
Iryou mall us your order at once. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Our Special Catalogue
K- 67 tells all about tills roofing. It also quotes low prices on Building Material, W ire, Pipe, Plumb¬
ing. Kuxli. Doors, Furniture, Household Goods, Ifowu Spouting, Kavc Trough and thousands of other 8 \F ■ I i

Items bought by us at Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales. „ _ „ UITW-,*. VI : ■ •

_ _ _ CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35TII AND IRON STS., CHICAGO.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4oi

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

Under date of April 20, 1905, we re¬
ceived a letter from Mr. W. M. Ostrand¬
er, a real estate agent of Philadelphia,
Pa., inclosing a list of alleged recent
sales of real estate made by him. The
letter contained this paragraph :

To assure yourself beyond a vestige of a
doubt that the sales are genuine, you may
have access to the papers in each case at any
time by calling at this office, or sending a
representative.

We replied asking him to give us the
date of each sale and requesting a full
list of sales made within the limit of time

covered by the dates in the list. Our let¬
ter contained this paragraph :

Recently our attention has been called to a
telegram that you have sent to our people,
reading somewhat as follows : “Prospects
exceptional if listed at once. Will you accept
proposition?” Will you have the goodness to
• advise us whether or not you have a partic-
u;ar client as a customer for such property
before the telegram is sent, and if so. why
the farmer who listed his property with you
and paid the advanced fee was not. put in
communication with the prospective cus¬
tomer?

Mr. Ostrander’s reply was dated April
24, and contained the following para¬
graphs :

The sales mentioned in the list I submit¬
ted to you were all made between October,
1904, and February, 1905. The list does not
contain all the sales made by me during that
time.

It is impossible for me to give you a com¬
plete list of my sales during any specified pe¬
riod because my agreements with many of
my clients provide that my dealings with
them be kept strictly confidential.

With regard to the telegram reading “Will
you accept proposition ? Prospects excep¬
tional if listed at once.” It seems to me
that any thinking man would know that /
did not mean by that telegram that I had an
immediate customer for the particular prop¬
erty. Had I an immediate customer for a
property, I would certainly so state in the
telegram, as it would greatly strengthen the
message and without doubt list the property.
The telegram quoted above meant just what
it read. The party who received such a tele¬
gram had received previously a lengthy prop¬
osition from- me. and the telegram simply
asked if he would accept that proposition.
In saying that the prospects were exceptional
for a speedy sale I stated no more than the
truth. Had the prospects been otherwise
than good, 1 would not have sent the tele¬
gram.

As you undoubtedly know. I have always
courted and aided investigation of my busi¬
ness by the publishers I patronize.

The retaining fee which you criticise is per¬
fectly legitimate and is collected, to pay for
definite services and facilities.

I do not sell all the property listed with
me. It would be impossible for any broker
to accomplish such results. However. I do,
in every case, give a client exactly the ser¬
vice I promise him, the extent of which is
definitely stated to him prior to his paving
the fee.

If any one who lias had business dealings
with me has failed to receive all that he paid
for I am unaware of the fact.

We made the following reply:

April 27, 1905.

Mr. YY\ M. Ostrander, Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir : —

We have your letter of April 24th.

We are willing to publish your list of sales
if you will give us the information that will
permit us to do so. without creating a false
impression. We wish to know the date of
each sale, and we wish a complete list of
the sales transacted for the time covered by
the list. We want to know whether these
are cash sales or trades, and if in the case
of trades, both properties are listed. If you
do not want any names published, we could
describe the property without giving the
names or location. One of the transactions
you report seems to be duplicated in the list.

When you have sent us the full detail we
could have one of our representatives drop in
to verify the data by the papers in the case,
as you suggest.

We note that you say that you “always
court and aid investigation of your business
by publishers.” Do we understand from this
that you will allow us to make a thorough
investigation of your books and records to
ascertain the number of properties listed
within a given time, the amount of advance
fees on them and the number of sales made
from such lists t

Awaiting the pleasure of your further re¬
ply, we remain, Yours very truly,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

To this we received the following reply:

April 28, 1905.

Mr. John J. Dillon,

New York City.

Dear Sir: —

I have your letter of the 27th instant.

When I first wrote you relative to your
articles in The Rural New-Yorker I be¬
lieved that they were maliciously written,
and that you did not write the truth when
you said you would gladly publish any sales
made by me.

The evasive policy which you have adopted
in vour last two letters serves to confirm my
belief.

I will not further discuss the matter with
you at present, but will simply tile your let¬
ters and clippings for future reference.

Very truly yours,

W. M. OSTRANDER.

We thought our letter of April 27 par¬
ticularly frank and direct. Mr. Ostrander
calls it evasive. We have no wish to in¬
vestigate anybody’s business except our
own, but we thought our readers might
be interested in the information indi¬
cated in the last paragraph of our letter

of April 27, but perhaps this was not the
particular feature of the business that
Mr. Ostrander intended to have investi¬
gated.

We have been trying to make out what
that telegram was sent for. If no “imme¬
diate customer” was in sight, there would
seem to be no hurry, and a two-cent stamp
ought to answer as well as a 25 or 40-
cent telegram.

Mr. Ostrander seems to think his cli¬
ents have had all they paid for. Some of
the clients do not seem to agree with him
on this point. Evidently from what he
says some of his customers find a mean¬
ing in his letters and telegrams that he
did not intend to convey. They didn’t
understand just what lie meant to say in the
letters and telegrams, but they sent the
money for the registration fee.

Following is the list sent out by Mr.
Ostrander :

Three houses in Kensington, Philadelphia,
for C. H. Mansland, $3,300; medical practice
in Elba, Neb., for Dr. M. D. Pass, $909 ;
Philadelphia residence for D. S. Cook,
Wrightsville, l’a., $1,700; lot on Southern
Boulevard, New York City, for E. E. Iliggin.
$600 ; quarter section of land in Cawley
County, Kan., for J. D. YVorster, of Somer¬
ville, N. H., consideration nominal; 187-acre
farm in Illinois for G. YV. Burks, Phillips-
burg, Mont., $5,610; lot in New York City to
August Stolz, N. Y., $3,000 ; residence in
Yonkers, N. Y., for R. J. Sejalon, Chicago,
$6,300; residence of John E. Ready. Phila¬
delphia, $3,000: 120 acres in Putnam County,
Mo., for Mrs. E. A. DeKalb, Jamiaca Plains,
Mass, $1,600; residence in Germantown for
G. I’lomm, Philadelphia, $2,100; 160 acres
in Lincoln County, Col., consideration nomi¬
nal : 1(50 acres in Liberty County. Tex., for
II. N. Bisbee, Penns Grove, N. J., $1,200;
farm in Door County, YVis., for Dr. O. II.
Hale, Bloomfield, N. .T., $1,500; building lot
in business district of Minneapolis for G. A.
Parker, Castleton, Vt.. $13,325; dwelling in
Philadelphia for L. N.- YY'healton, N. Y.,
$2,550; lot in YY’ebster City, la., for YV. .1.
Sperl, Washington, D. C., $600 ; lot in Du¬
luth. Minn., for II. M. Lyons, YYryalusing Pa.,
$600 ; house in New York City for George
Stoltz, New York, $7,500 : lot on Long Island
for S .Sweeton, N. Y.. $1,500; tract of timber
land in Lonake County, Ark., for D. A. Long-
ley, Leog, Ark., $400; 80 acres farm land in
YVebster County, la., for Henry S. YVells,
Humboldt, la., $500; farm in Middlesex Coun¬
ty, N. J., for Adolph Kaiser, Milltown. N. .T.,
$1,000; row of 17 houses in Kensington,
Philadelphia, for John G. Willets, Iladdon-
field, N. J., $19,500; residence in New York
City, for Mrs. Nellie Morse, $14,750; 1,280
acres in Sheridan County. Kan., for the Sev-
erns Elevator Company, Chicago, Ill.. $7,250;
three dwellings in Richmond, Philadelphia,
for YYr. M. DuBois, $3,000; 160 acres in
Dundy County, Neb., for Isaac Schofield, YVa-
pello. la., $225 ; 446 acres timber land in
Mechlenberg County. Va.. for Mrs. Priscilla
Birch, Meadville, Pa., $1,459; 320 acres.
Stark County. N. D.. for Mrs. Jennie Ellis.
Fort Smith, Ark., $1,000; 80 acres in Craw¬
ford County, Hi., for Levinia Childs, Sedan,
Minn., $800; Illinois farm for G. YYT. Burks
Philllpsburg, Mont., $5,610; lot in Arkansas
City, for Mrs. Mary A. Brown. New Alex¬
andria. Pa., $200; lot in Bronx. N. Y.. for
Anna M. Detrich, New Y'ork City, $1,500;
four lots suburbs of Chicago, $1,475; resi¬
dence Kings County. N. Y.. for Joseph Kin-
zig. New York City. $10,000; three residences
and lots in Philadelphia, for Emily F. Tracey.
$2,475; dwelling in New York City, for Mrs.
YV. II. Browne, $15,000; building site in
Nortli Chicago. $900; 160 acres in Kansas,
for .T. D. Worster, Somerville, N. II. ; 48 lots
in Chicago Highlands, $30,000.

We have not verified this list by the
papers in the case. We expected to do
so, but his last letter did not encourage
us to go to Philadelphia to do so. The
list may be entirely correct. There may
be errors in it. It may be a record of ac¬
tual sales. At least one sale seems to be
repeated. We don’t know 1ioyv many
trades or simple transfers there may be, if
any. Mr. Ostrander does not reply de¬
finitely to our inquiries on these points.
Pie has been in business nearly ten years,
we think, and we do not see how he could
fail to make some sales. It will be noted
that there are feYV farm sales reported in
the list.

The Postoffice authorities have recently
been investigating Mr. Ostrander’s busi¬
ness. I he use of the mail has recently
been refused several” concerns, some of
which are located in Philadelphia, but we
have not as yet learned the nature of the
inspector’s report on Mr. Ostrander’s
business.

Nervous Oi-d Lady (on seventh floor of
hotel) : “Do you know what precautions
the proprietor of the hotel has taken
against fire?” Porter: “Yes, mum; he

has the place inshoored for twice Yvhat it’s
worth.” — Tit-Bits.

Enthusiastic but short-sighted Lady
Artist (to old laborer) : “My good man,
Yvhat are those beautiful waving objects
near those trees, rivalling the latter them¬
selves in grace and beauty of outline,
making such a beautiful variety in the
landscape, and seeming to hang ’twixt
earth and heaven?” Old Laborer (gruff¬
ly) : “My shirts.” — Tit-Bits

YVhen you write .advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

A Splendid Opportunity

For a man with small capital to engage in the pigeon
and squab business; only a few miles from New York
and a fine plant with several hundred pairs of pigeons
in first-class condition. YVill rent or sell on very
reasonable terms. Reply to “S. YV. 1J.” Post
Office Box 1020, New York City, N. Y.

Raise ;

It

v — - - - - Pays

You can make thin busiiiOMH InieiestiiiK and siiccphs-
ful with two requisites — 1st, good Btockj 2d, intelligent
care. We will sell you the llrutnnd teach you the second.

Plant is the Largest In America

Wo raise only straight bred Homers, the lx*8t for
producing choice squabs. Our squabs bring high¬
est prices in New York markets. Our booklet will
set you thinking In the right direction.
Send for it. It’s FREE.

The A flan tie) Squab Company
Box K. Hammonton, N.J.;

SQUABS PAY li&l

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makerB for poultry-
men, farmers, women. 8end for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
Industry, PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantlo Ave., Boston, Mass.

GOOD PROFITS FROM REES

Learn how to make money easily, quickly. Send [
for free copy of that lively bee-paper, Gleaning s in
Pee Culture. Rea.! It. Then subscribe. 6 months’ I
trinl, 25c. 40 to B0 pages. Semi-monthly. Do it |

now. Name this paper and get a free bee-booklet.

A- 1. ROOT COMPANY,

MEDINA, OHIO.

POULTRY

We keep ev-j
_ ^-r-, . — m erything in the .
(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — J
> it’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the
> asking — it's worth having.

) Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

■J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City t

OOOQOOOOOOQQQOOOOOOOOOOOCl

S, C, BROWN LEGHORNS SsSSKtt

ed Hons. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs, $1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
BUSH, R, No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

EGGS FOR HATCHING. -S. C. YVhite Leg¬
horns a specialty. Wyckoff, Van Dresser Strain.
Stock largo and vigorous, farm raised, free range,
northern grown, disease unknown. $1, 15; $3, 50; $5,
100 eggs. S. Gordon, Dunn Farm, Chazy, New York.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.

Grandview Farm, Stanford ville, N. Y.

THE TOWNSEND

WIRE STRETCHER

is the most easily attached or de
tached of any implement made.
Stretches to the last post as well as
to any. Steel grips that never slip.
Can Vie got at any Hardware store.
YVrite for circulars. Satisfaction
guaranteed.

F, G. TOYVNSEND,
Painted Post, New York.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY _
HAWKINS AND DUSTIN STRAINS. Eggs $1
for fifteen. E. L. KING, Minerva, Ohio.

WHITE WYANDOTTES, 400 layers, bred for
laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $1 .50 per 15; §5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival
guaranteed. E.H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

White Holland Turkeys

The kind that come home to roost. Eggs $3.50 per 9
Stock alter Nov. 1.

M. C. Y AN YVINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

LIGHT BRAHMA

C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston Four Corners, N. Y.

’s RarrpH RfirlfC combine quantity,
a Ddimu IMJCK5 QuaUty and utility.
Kinglet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed.
Eggs$lperl5. J. YV. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

S. C. K. I. kEDS, farm raised. Eggs from best. pen,
$1 per fifteen. C. L. TURNER, Becket, Mass.

BUFF, YVhite Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.

ELLSWORTH’S Choice YY7liite YYryandottes, 15
eggs $2. Henry YV. Ellsworth, Portland, Conn.

WHITE

40 Eggs, $2
prices. E.

WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY!

100 for $4. Also breeding stock at right
FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New York.

Valley View Poultry Farm, Belleville, Pa. Bronze ami Wild
Turkeys. Leading varieties of Poultry. Prices low. Cat. free.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Rates free. J. A. UERGEY. Box 8, Telford, Pa,

EGGS for hatching, from Rose Comb Buff Leghorns
Rose Comb Brown Leghorns and Silver Pencilled
Wyandottes. A. S. BEEKMAN. South Branch, N J

Flifix Comb YY’hite Leghorn Eggs. Healt

LUUw selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15:
per 100. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N.

100. Stock as good as the best; each variety ko]
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited rang
Eggs carefully packed; orders promptly filled. YVhi
Wyandottes: Buff and YVhite Plymouth Rocks: R. (
Brown, Rose and Single Comb YVhite Leghorn:
Anconas; Black and YVhite Minoreas.

Otselie Farms, YY’liitney’s Point. N. Yr.

Watpr filacc for preserving eggs. Endorse
IIUIGI UIUOO by agricultural papers. Gallon cai
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair 1904.
Trios, *5;_E_ggj3,Jfl_per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue

ZIMMER BROS..

. 41, Weedsport, N.

Pratts Food best for your stock
Over 30 years old.

THE STRONGEST STEEL

Fonce wire known to science is
PAGE-YVIUE— n high-carbon dou¬
ble-strength, basic open-hearth
spring steel wire maeie In our steel
mills at Monessen, Pa., and used
only In the manufacture of Pago
Fences and coiled springs.

PAGE YVOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box ?5» Adrian, Mich.

WHEN YOU GET TIRED

FROST
BEST
.CHEAPEST

of buying and erecting wire fence, containing small
soft tie wires, that will not last over three to five
years, try the "FROST” containing heavy, hard stay
wires that make a fence last a lifetime.

THE FROST YVIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio

00%HATCH GUARANTEED

30 DAYS’ TRIAL To prove it.
50 <£4.50 100 <£8.50 200 (M3. 75

|EggJ>5.00 Egg >4>9.50 'Egg 4>I5.00
1 Self regulating; Automatic moisture. Brooders,
all sizes and kinds, $3 up. 50,000 in use. Send 3c. for catalog.

Buckeye Incubator Co., Box <23, Sorlngfleld, O.

$ I 0-80 For
I & 200 Egg
< INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III

Complete Incubator or Brooder
Outfit, $1. Write for description,
THE TROY ELECTRICAL CO., Troy, N. Y.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultrymen's guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 600 illustrations. Describes

the (iarli Cyphers Incubators

juice Id. 60 and up, and 40 Poultrymtn', uecuaiti,,. Hr™

fyou send addresses of two neighbor. Interested In good
poultry. Writo to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas
City or Son Francisco,

Choice Stock for Sale.— Hocks, Wyandottes, Legho ms
Minoreas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5e.; dozen. 50c
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J

White Plymouth Rocks SKSfTfeSnftr

$1 per 15, $5 per 100. Isaac C. Clark, Penn Y’an, N. Y

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First co:
may be a little more, but you get < he stock and bloc
from the grandest winning strain in America, an
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for fort
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Matir
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prict
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at Ne
\ ork the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Com

P

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING. PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F. I)., No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

f*EK!N DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks. $1.50 to $2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents and $1.15 for 11 ; arm $ti and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings. 80 cents and $1 for thirteen; and $5 and $ti per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity Now Yoik Citv,
8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONNIE HK.4K, New Rochelle, N. Y.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverolle? They are free.

,J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuc.hen, New Jersey.

M-iPLE Villa Poultry Y'ards. Be sure to place order
, * from guaranteed stock. Single and Rose, B. and
YV. Leghorns, B’r’d, Buff and YV. Rocks, Golden and W
Wyan., Silver Hamburgs, Hose Andalusians. Minor-
cas, and Anconas. W. G. Mosher, Sylvania, Penna.

Eggs for Hatching.

FRED KEYERLE BERT l{aH&il?l!o>to:

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Y’ork town, N. Y.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks 813.50 per 1 OO

H1LANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

Rose Comb W, Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. KggsSl for 15- *3
for 50 ; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware* Ohio . ' *

402

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

May 13,

s‘/vNCv:'/v*vA

Live StockandDairy

PLASTER FOR HENHOUSE.

My henhouse is lathed. Is there any ob¬
jection to plastering: it with the prepared
plaster, that gets real hard? G. w. e.

Fort Plain, N. Y.

We have no plastered henhouse on the
farm, hut it is not because we know ot
anything against plastering, hut we
wished to build as cheaply as possible.
There is no question that a plastered
house can he more easily kept clean it
the walls are hard-finished, and it proper¬
ly aired by using muslin curtains tor
windows the house could he kept dry.
Dampness has been the trouble with all
the plastered houses I have been into,
but this was due to poor ventilation.

FLOYD Q. WHITE.

Cats for Rats. — I have tried everything
that was ever thought of for rats, and never
found but one tiling of any use— cats, simply
cats. They are the natural enemy of the
rat, and the rat knows it. I would give
more for one good ye-o-u-1 out of a cat than
for all the traps in the patent office. They
just won't stay around and associate with
cats. Yes, I tiied all kinds of poisons
phosphorus to plaster of Paris, guns, rat
dogs, ferrets, and everything. You see, I
ran a grist mill, and it began to look like
me or the rats, with odds in favor of the
rats. Some one asked me why I didn't get
cats I did. The rats left without packing
their baggage. Of all things ferrets were pie
for the rats. They would pop out of one
hole and into another and do it all day.
It was great sport for the rats. They
wanted more ferrets, but I couldn't afford
it. What has What's-his-name got against
cats? A. H. CRAWFORD.

SAWDUST AS AN ABSORBENT.

A good absorbent for use in horse and
cow stables is very essential. It serves
two purposes; first, it catches and holds
the liquid voidings of the animals, allow¬
ing them to be mixed and applied to the
land with the solids; second, by holding
these liquids, it prevents their rapid de¬
cay, and consequent poisoning of the
rir in the stables. For many years sand
was used for this purposes at “The
Pines,” but it possessed serious disad¬
vantages; it was heavy, its absorptive
power was small, and by its own weight
it tended to press the liquids from the
manure pile. Next, loam was used; this
proved more satisfactory in some ways,
but was difficult to obtain, and if too
free from sand was dusty when dry and
slippery when wet. A* last we had re¬
course to sawdust, and after arranging
suitable places for storing it, we found
that it answered our purposes finely. We
have two rooms for storing it; this en¬
ables us to have a supply that is dry at
all times. Green saw lust should never be
used. It does not absorb readily, and
is much longer decaying in the soil. W hile
we prefer hard-wood sawdust, because it
contains more plant food of itself, and
being as a rule liner than the soft wood,
is a better absorbent ; still, we use any
kind we can get, and with good results.
We now have a good supply of that made
from spruce, and find it most excellent.
It is used liberally in connection with
straw under the horses, and as far as
possible what remains of manure and
sawdust, after the straw is shaken out,
is wheeled into the cow stable, and spread
in the trench behind the cows: In addi¬
tion to this it is used directly under the
cows, at the rate of about one bushel
for four cows, daily. It catches the
liquid voidings at once. It purifies the
air and adds to the healthfulness of the
stables. There are no germs or microbes
in sawdust. It can be used liberally,
without fear of adding to these trouble¬
some pests, where sanitary milk is being
produced. As to results in manure, it is
seldom or never that any trace of saw¬
dust is found when handling the manure.
It acts as a divider, and causes the ma¬
nure to spread more evenly and freer
from lumps.

It is our custom to work the manure in
with the plow, and we have raised large
crops of potatoes on land heavily ma¬
nured with this sawdust manure, which
topped the market because of smooth¬
ness and even size. We were second in
yield of sweet corn over quite a large
area, and our crops of grain and grass
are good. We have had no experience in
applying sawdust directly to the soil. I
think, however, it may be used as a
mulch to good advantage, particularly if
dry, hard-wood sawdust can be obtained.
This will pack closely, will prevent weeds
or grass from growing and will prevent
evaporation of soil moisture. Sawdust
is not a great producer of humus in the
soil, but will add plant food just ac¬
cording to its original composition.
Maine. b. walker m’keen.

His Wife: "I wish I had lots of
money.” He: “If one could get what he
wished for. 1 think I should wish for com¬
mon sense, not for money.” “Naturally,
everybody wishes for what they haven't
got.” — Credit Lost.

She: “I'd like to be a man just once.”
Her Husband: "What for?” She: “I'd
like to experience the feeling of buying
my wife a pair of diamond earrings.”
Her Husband: "You can easily imagine
that feeling. You've been to the dentist's.”
— Philadelphia Public Ledger.

“Gayhoy told me a month agu that his
physician had limited him to one whiskey
a day, but he doesn’t look as if he had re¬
formed.” “He hasn’t. He went to four
other doctors, and each one gave him the
same directions. He’s following the ad¬
vice of all five of ’em." — The Australasian.

Whex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on applicat’oti. Pigs. pairs and trios not related.

WILLOTTGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

Springbank i

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. ^ IWWilWU and Sept. Boars,
and some fine July and Aug. Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Oft Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-
■ ■■ Ui able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

0 1 ft Cloverdaie Herd. Recorded Stock,

■ 1 1 Ui all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H. L. JSEADLE, Valley Falls, N. V.

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Best strains bred from
Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witiner, Union Deposit, Pa.

0.1. G.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BKOOK STOCK FARM. Rochester, Mich

STRICTLY O. I- C.

Standard Bred Spring Pigs, for
sale.now. sired by Busy Tom. the
great O. I. C of to day M. L.
Bowersox, It 3, Bradford. Dk,Co,0.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester C o., Pa.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. ,J. SCHWARTZ, Fast Plmrsalla. N. Y.

ORDER NOW

A Jersey Red Sow

to farrow in Early Spring. Get Free Catalogue.
Write me.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestovrn, N. J.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lot of Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also on- and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT.
Junction City Kentucky.

WE ARE BREEDERS OF

REGISTERED JACKS,
SADDLE HORSES,

AND _

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky*

OStM* riitf'

AT COOPERSBURG.PA.

A PLEASED BUYER IS THE BEST ADVERTISEMENT

The good will, confidence and esteem nf one's friends are among the choicest tilings in life. I think no
one appreciates them more highly than I do, and for that reason it is more than gratifying to see at our sales
the same faces and names among the buyers that have been patrons at our sales for the past 25 years. This
alone speaks for itself. I shall he satisfied if. in the future, I retain the esteem of those who have had con¬
fidence in me in the past, as well ns lhe class of cattle that we handle.— T. S, <’.

Those who have seen our present importation are free to admit that they are the best of any that we

have ever Imported.

At the coming sale the “cream will lie thick." and the chances for buying as good as at any of our former
sales. Many of the cows and neifers will be in calf to the famous GOLDEN FERN’S LAD and his Wood
predominates. ... , ,, . ,

It has always been our custom to sell no animal unless we stated all faults, and to care for the comfort
of the cattle, ill such a manner so that when they left our stables buyers could expect reasonable
improvement. , , , ,

Our most sanguine expectations have been more than realized, through letters we are reeeiving from
buyers. Among the number to he sold are so many "Toppers" that we do not want to he partial, and will
cheerfully mail the catalogue free of charge to anyone, that alone tells the tale, and from which, those that
are interested, can make their own preference. B^fTatalogues ready May 1, 15)05.

Address T. S. COOPER &. SONS,

Mention Rural New-Yorker. “Linden Grove,” Cocpersburg, Pa.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
ju t what you want, we wil|

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that wilt convince you that we have higb-clats
animals at low prices. Tue Stevens lirothers-Hastings Company,

BROOK8IDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

LAKELAND HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

BULLS ready for service, A. U. O. dams, breed¬
ing of the best.

YEARLING HEIFERS, In calf by Mutual
Pletertje l’aul.

A. R. O. COWS, of good breeding and in calf.
Write for particulars. WING R. SMI TH, 3T and 38
Wieting Block, Syracuse, New York.

Star Fanxi Holsteins.

First Spring Offering. Greatest Ever Yet Made!

C A Registered Holstein-Friesian Cows, Cfl
3U . due tins Spring . 3U

Per head and upwards . $104)

$104)

60

Registered 2 year old Holstein-Friesian

60

$5)0

_ _ .. ..Heifers, due to freshen next Fall..

$5)0 . Per head and upw ards .

OK Registered Holstein Friesl.n Bulls.

£3 . ready for immediate service . .

THE BEST EVER OFFERED AT PUBLIC SALK.

$75 . Per head and upwards . $75

I Registered Male and Female Calves, some of
f U themgrandsons and granddaughtersof Aaggie
Cornucopia Pauline, Champion Cow of the wot Id, A.
R. O.; seven dav record, 34.81 pounds
Cft A. It. O. Cove, in calt to Aaggie Cornu-opla
DU Pauline CouLt No. 29642: and Merc desjulip's
Pietertje'sTaul, No. 29830; combined A. R. O butter
records of dams, fix.fi3 pounds in 7 day®, average per
cent, of fat 4.2. Greatest of any two bulls in l he world.

$50 _ Calves for $50 per head uni upwards. .. .$50

Records are Official. Greatest Opportunity Ever
Offered. Now is the time to start a foundation herd.
Prices reasonable. Full guarantee on everything.
Personal inspection Invited. Circulars will be sent
on application.

Horace L. BR4>NSON. D. pt. D. Cortlaud.N. Y

For Sale

Purebred Holstein-Friesian Bulland Heifer Calves
from registered and rt cord stock. Prices moderate.
Write promptly. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. N Y.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spoffoid
Pietertje, No. 30160. and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. TVIcLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Iseliua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A.R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wav nes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

uni RTFIN Rill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlli DULL0 few choice young Cows;
Improved t'hester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y’

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
batter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN H. MARCOU.

Rogistorod «J orseys

flH'dfcrs. 8 to 14 mos. 5 Bulls 2 to 8 mo«. old. St
Lambert Strain. "Siren Purest. Lambert."

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY’ HULL,
bestdairy stock; ready for service: at farmer's price.
U. F. SHANNON, 905 1 iberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

QSDNSY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strorg
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kiud you want write or come fo see
them. Ub to select from. A' imals of both sexes
at.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bill Calves.

A. A. COKTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Registered Guernseys.

Grandson of Rutilas Gold Basis dropped August,
September, October, 1904. Also two young cows.

J. H. HUNTER, Valley Falls, New York.

WHITE STRINGS FARM,
GUERNSEY HERD.

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 ard BLUE BLOOD, No 6L0.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of but'er
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 47 0.2 lbs. of but¬
ter in one year. Aza lia of Florham. 400 ibs of butter
in one year. Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one
year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers i bout forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tubercu li -tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at. all tiroes, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ag* s. The winnings
at the New Yonr State Fair ior 1904 comprised 13
first and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices veiy reasonable.
For further information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED (i. LEWIS. Geneva, N.Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorkir in writing.

Noth. 15 choice t^o year old heifers for sale at
from 8100 to 8300, also several mature bulls.

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th.
born Feb. 22.1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out ol' im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

IST" Correspondence solicited.

GEDNKY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

|— n p ft I p MALE AND FK-
I U ft 3MLC MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM. Cineinnatus, N. Y.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, hut our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J, Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenu., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

1905.

T II K RURAL NEW-YORKER.

4o3

RAISING HENS IN CALIFORNIA.

What do you think of the advisability of
going to southern California and starting
in the chicken business? I am “on to”
the trick of getting eggs in Winter here,
but feel that, with Nature so kindly dis¬
posed, it must be so easy in that warm cli¬
mate as to make it n on-profitable. j. j.

rhiladelphia. Pa.

I know of no reason why the chicken
business cannot be conducted as profitably
in California as anywhere in the world.
I have done well at it myself, but have
been too much occupied with other things
for several years past to do anything with
chickens. Anyone who is* ‘,‘on to” the
trick of getting eggs in Winter in Penn¬
sylvania can surely succeed where there
is no Winter to speak of. Rut why spec¬
ify southern California? It seems to me
that the best location in the world for
raising poultry and eggs is near San
Francisco, that is, within easy shipping
distance. Petaluma, a little town across
the bay north of San Francisco, is the
shipping point for a territory largely de¬
voted to poultry raising. The larger part
of fresh ranch eggs in the markets of San
Francisco and near-by cities come from
that point, and I understand that the out¬
put is increasing each year. But there are
plenty of locations within, say 50 miles
of San Francisco where poultry raising
alone or in connection with fruit growing
will pay with the right man behind the
business. h. g. keesling.

Santa Clara Co., Cal.

SOME FODDER CROPS IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE.

We have a piece of land. li,4 acres heavy
clay soil, broken up in 1902, given a good
coat of manure and planted to corn. The
next Spring owing to a, wet spell and pres¬
sure of other work, we did not get it plowed ;
the grass came in naturally, and we cut 90
cocks of hay, a mixture of Witch grass,
clover and Timothy. Last Spring it was
plowed, giveu another good coat of manure,
and sowed to barley which was cut green for
fodder, and gave a good crop. I would like
to try cow peas for green fodder. Would
you advise sowing them on such a piece of
land and in this latitude? Could I get a
profitable crop without any more manure
this year? I want to get the most I can in
feeding value from that piece of ground this
year, without applying any more manure. Is
there any other crop which would be likely
to give any better results? w. w,

I should advise sowing Canada peas
and oats together to cut for green feed.
They give an earlier crop, the oats sup¬
porting the peas so they will not lodge.
I think they would give good results on
the land mentioned. m. j. d.

Danville, N. H.

I know nothing about cow peas, but if
I was in this man's place I should plant
corn fodder, as that gives us a good crop
here every year. For my part I think this
a good way north to plant cow peas, as
we have about six months of Winter, and
what would give a good crop in the South
would be a complete failure in the North.

Chesham, N. H. p. a. s.

Cow peas is the last crop I should try
under conditions named by your Cheshire
County correspondent.. Neither should I
try Soy beans. If a soiling crop is de¬
sired. corn fodder, oats and peas or Japan¬
ese millet, or a part of the land to each,
would, I think, be best. Let our southern
brother have his cow peas, the dweller
in the “Great American Desert” his Alfal¬
fa ; they doubtless need them. For the
present we northern folks will do well
to rely on grasses and clover, f. h. c,.

Exe’er, N. H.

As to sowing cow peas on heavy clay
I think such crops do better on a light
soil. My experience with cow peas is
very limited, but a heavy growth of corn
fodder ought to be grown on that field
without more manure, provided the soil is
thoroughly worked and allowed to get
dry and mellow before planting. I have
raised heavy crops of Hungarian on just
such soil, but it should not be sown until
lime. Oats sown on the field ought to do
well for fodder. As to Soy bea.is I con¬

fess that I know nothing about raising
them. w. m. d.

Hancock, N. H.

Your Cheshire Co. correspondent will
not be safe in growing cow peas on a heavy
clay l.i. soil. Soy beans are better
adapted to such a soil, and to our New
Hampshire climate, I have grown both
crops with a fair degree of success on svh
a soil in a favorable year. My advice is
to use one of our old standby forage
crops. Corn is the royal one. Soy beans
can be mixed with the corn for seeding
where silage is the design. The silage
will be" enriched and the crop increased at
no extra expense of the nitrogen of the
soil. I am not as yet an enthusiastic ad¬
vocate of this mixture, but hold it worth
a trial. Orts and peas will do well, and
r.o harm will be done if barley is added to
the mixture. Probably the oats and peas
will please him better than the corn, judg¬
ing by the character of the inquiry. There
are few, if any, aspirants for our favor
among the newly proposed crops that ex¬
ceed for New England corn, oats, peas,
barley, r.ye, clover and Hungarian, the old
tried and prolific crops of this section.

Gilmanton, N. H. j. w. s.

MILK TRADE IN WAUPACA, WIS.

Our supply of milk comes from nearby
farmers, and a few who keep one or two
cows in the city and sell to their neighbors.
It fs usually carried by wagons in cans, bot¬
tles, pails, etc. There is no local milk trust.
Trices are five cents per quart retail, 2 ya to
four cents where sold in quantities. The
milk averages about three per cent fat. The
trade in bottled milk increases very little.
There appears to tie no official inspection.
We sold milk in Waupaca 10 years, stopped
a little over 12 years ago. We only live one-
half mile from city limits. The milk was
tested a few times by private individuals and
at farmers’ institutes. The test was about
3.5 and since then our herd tests four per
cent or better. Herd is composed of regis¬
tered and grade Red Polled cattle. Our cream
goes to butter factory now. Waupaca lias
about 3,300 population. In Oshkosb there
is a city inspector, I am told by a man who
has lived there a number of years.

s. s. c.

In Wichita, Kansas.

The milk supply in our sections comes
from farmers and is distributed by wagons.
There is no milk trust. Price is 10 cents
gallon, five cents per quart. Per cent of
butter fat is 3.8. The bottled milk business
is increasing. There is no official inspection.

J. s.

SILOS

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

^H. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St., Phila.,

3

COOPER

^ SHEEP DIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD for eo

years. I'sed on 850 millions annually. If local
druggist cannot «upply, send $ 1.75 for #14 (100 gul.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 7‘2 Reaver St.. X. Y

Cowy Sme/is

feed and stable odors left in milk
mean quick souring and low grade
butter and cheese. The

Perfection and Aerator

jut rifles and cools perfectly.

Every particle exposed to the air. Simple, costs little,
most convenient, many sizes. Write for circulars.

L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

SHOO -FLY «

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest off Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
since 1885. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, send us $1.00,
will return latest Improved .'{-Tube Sprayer and enough ‘Shoo-
Fly " to protect 200 cows. Name Kxp. Oftioe. Free Hook let.

SHOO-FLY MPG. CO., 1020 Fainoount, Philadelphia, Pa.

EDITOR kuows from experience “ Shoo-Fly " ig O. K.

CAN YOU AFFORD IT

You certainly cannot
afford to have horses
lamed from Spavin,

Ring Bone, Splint,

Curb, when they may
be cured by simply
using

Kendall’s
Spavin
Cure.

It cures all these and

all oiher forms ol’ lameness. Thlnkabout it and then a
Price el; 6 for t5. As a liniment for family use it h
no equal. All druggists. Hook “A Treatise on t
Morse" mailed free. Address

DR. B. 4. KENDALL CO.. ENOSBURC FALLS. VT.

Cures every time, never fails
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 vears old.

MOST PROFITABLE

OF ALL

FARM INVESTMENTS.

♦♦♦♦♦♦

This is what the Cream Separator has proved to
be. Twenty years of experience upon the part of
hundreds of thousands of users in every country of the
world bear witness to the fact. No one disputes it.

There never was a better time to make this all-
important farm investment than the present Butter
is unprecedentedly high in price It is most desirable to
produce all possible of it, that none go to waste and that
the quality be such as to command top prices.

As between separators, DE LAVAL supremacy is
universally conceded. DE LAVAL machines are actually
cheapest, of equivalent capacities, while they gain and
save twice as much as the best of imitating machines
and last four times as long.

If you have cream to separate you cannot afford
to delay this investment a single day. If you haven't
the ready cash the machine will earn its cost while you
are paying for it.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts..

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,

MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McOermot Avenue,

WINNIPEG.

How would you buy a million^
dollars’ worth of separators!

You would learn everything about
them. Try them everywhere, every-
how. Investigate from “A” to “Iz-
1 zard.” The John Deere Plow peo¬
ple did so and have bought, out¬
right, after exhaustive trials and
thorough examination, nearly

A Million Dollars Worth

of Tubular Cream Separators. They
I bought to sell— staked a million. and a
world wide reputation, on Tubular
quality. More positive proofof Tubu¬
lar superiorityis im-.
possible. The low
supply can— simple,
easy to wash, tubular
bowl-are found only
in Sharpies Tubular
Separators. Big im- 1
plement dealers— the
strongest houses in
the world, those who
I get first choice-know
' this and select the,

Tubular. Such are?
the Dairy Outfit Co..

England; Richter &

Robert, Germany ; S. Plissonier. France;

| Newell & Co., Australia; Runciman &
Co., Argentine. In tlieir judgment Tu¬
bulars are best and their judgment Is
dependable — Is right. Ask for catalog
No. D-163.

Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, Illinois West Chester, Pi.

^ BLATCHFORD’S X

/SUGAR and flaxseedn

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR AND
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

DIRTY MOLASSES, MILL f CCD OR REFUSE

* t*»t Food for Stock at quarter the co«t ol Stock Fooli.
.Recommended by Agricultural Experiment Station* »nc
k.thousAii-19 of Farmers. Write for samples and prices.

THE BARWELL MILLS, Waukeaan. III.. '

r n c. r l i

NO D
^^The beat
^^Recomi
thoua

JSC A

Foots,

sand

:es.^^r

► DEATH TO HEAVES

NRWTON'S Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Care,

▲ veterinary specific for wind,
r .^throat and stomach troubles.
Strona recommend* $1.00 per
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy Co.*
Toledo, Ohio.

label!

Dana's EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent. Wnnted.

L. 11. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, Jt. H.

DR. DAVID ROBERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to read¬
ers of this paper.

CATTLE

Owners and breeders can save hundreds
of dollars yearly by keeping their cattle
in a strong, healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers the whole
herd. You can learn to avoid this dan¬
ger by reading my FREE booklets on the
following ailments.

Write for the ones you want.

No. 1. Booklet — Abortion in Cows.

No. 2. Booklet — Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet — Retained a fterbirth.

No. 4. Booklet — Scours) n Calves.

Also j Ilow to makeyour OWN
No. 5. Booklet — | STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

414 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wis. 2

Ten Dollars a Day

or more may be lost by the Idleness of a horse from
sore neck, shoulders or like trouble, just when bis
services are most needed.

Bickmore’s Gall Cure

Is guaranteed
to cure the most
stubborn case

of Ilurne.. or
Collur Gull,
Scratches,
Grease Heel,
5 Speed Crack,
aete.j while you
. work the horse.
If For sale at all
dealers who are
authorized to
refund your
money if it does n ot do just as we say. Sample sent
for 10 cents. Write while you have It In mind.

BICKMORE GULL CURE CO., Box 519, Old Town, Mb.

$e Sure And WorkThe Horse- j

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

Stop looking for a Heave
Cure. Get Pratts.

Wade by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and
prevent further attacks.
In popular use 25 years.
Price 8 1b. Pek. 50 seats. 7 lb. Pck. #1.00.
Send for FREK catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St.. New York

d-o 4

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 13, 1905.

BUY fcrRECT FROM FACTOTtY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Baras, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W, iNGERSOLL, 240 Plymouth St„ Brooklyn. N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

%5to 30 per cent commission

to Ket orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PA 1 1)
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. I)
care of

THE CHEAT AMEltlCAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-83 Vesey St. ,New York

The WAGON to BUY

Properly con¬
structed. SRVC8
labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

TO FIT ALL

WAGONS.

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

_ Box 17. Geneva. Ohio. _

™*.r" AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizontal spray pump. It can, However,
be attached to any make, either horizontal
orverttcal. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for parti culars.

K H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y

1 1-2 M.P.

350 lbs-

Bfflltftv

You will remember the quality of a

Parsons’ “LOW-DOWN” Milk Wagon

long
after
the
price
has
been

forgotten.

Ask
for our
Catalogue.

PARSONS “LOW-DOWN" WAGON WORKS, Earlvllle,N,Y

#50BSplitMoiV

■r SPECIAL TOP BUGGY TO ORDER

1 2- year guarantee, sold
I on 30 days free trial is
iTHE WORLD’S STANDARD
1100 points of superiority. Send
T for 192-page free catalog of
t vehicles and harness.

L The Ohio Cnrriage
Jlfg. Co., (H. C.

Phelps, Pres.,)
l Station 290 ,

Cincinnati, Ohio

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 7S Main St..Fore»tville, Conn.

umru’Q 20th

ntWlin O Century
Steel Ball Coupling Pivot Axle
Cultivator Row Dc°obrn

Planter and Fertilizer
Attach Complete in
One Machine.
Awarded

COLD MEDAL

at World’s lair, St.
Louis. A wonderful-
Improveinent in culti¬
vators, combining every
'possible movement of
gangs and wheels re-
quired. Easily changed
m to different styles.
Thousands in use. M’f’r'sof all kind of Ag’r’i Im¬
plements. Agents wanted ; write for circular.

The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs., York, Pa.

THE FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN

Green Mountain SILO

Silage is like good
money in bank, to be
drawn out by the
farmer to suit his own
convenience in feed¬
ing his stock on the
most luscious and nu¬
tritious of green pas.
lurage during the long
winter season (or all
the year round for
that matter I. at only
about half the cost of ordinary feed.

Bad silage is as worthless as bad money.

Green Mountain Silage with all its lamed superiority can
be had only from a Green Mountain Silo. No other is to be
compared with il. ll stands alone and supreme as the very
King of Silos. If you buy now you get the benefit of early
order dtscouni. Our new Irce illustrated booklet tells more
about it. ^ Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

A'o/r .* We are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and Supplies
for Dairy and Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt

32 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬
ing to consumers exclusively.

We Have No Agents

but ship anywhere for ex¬
amination and approval,
guaranteeing safe deliv¬
ery. You are out noth¬
ing if not satisfied as to
style, quality and
price. We make 200
styles of vehicles and
65 styles of harness.

Our large Catalogue is
FREE. Bend for It.

tfo. 644. Stanhope. ;
As good as sell

ElkhaH C

deplete $59.
tin ore.

No. 646. Combination Buggy with extra]
stick seat to use when open buggy fs
desired. Price complete $52. A*

- - - — ... good as sells for $25 more.

ffl> Harness M ff(, Co., Elkhart, Indiana.

<

Why put on Shingle"

or cheap tin roofs when AMATITE,
the new Ready-Roofing is better, costs
only about half as much, and you can
lay it yourself ?

It lasts for years without repairs,
and is the most economical and durable
roofing made. Mineral surfaced and
needs no coating.

Send for free sample.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO.

New York St. Louis

Allegheny Minneapolis

Cleveland Philadelphia

Chicago New Orleans

Kansas City Cincinnati

<H AgSBso

o STAND BY

Why the 20th Century is one of the best investments a farmer can make;
why it saves time, money, patience, and increases the farmer’s bank ac¬
count; why it is durable, strong, needs few repairs; how it withstands hard
usage without harming it; how it increases the fertility value of manure,
how it advances the market value of every square foot of ground it runs
over, these, with a hundred and one other questions vital to every farmer, are
answered in our handsome, new, free catalog NoA-7. Write for it. Read it.

The J. S. Kemp Manufacturing Company

Newark Valley. N. Y. Walerloo. Iowa

MADE IN SAGINAW

HANDY WOOD

WHEEL

HANDY STEEL

WHEEL

Farmers^^^M
Hand Wagon is the original,
low-down wagon. It was invented by
a fanner to niako larm work lighter- Ho know
by experience the hard work of loading and unload¬
ing high-wheeled wagons. He wanted a wagon that
iwould be low-down-easy to load and easy to draw— that
would roll over soft ground without cutting in. The

FARMERS HANDY WAGON

Is the perfected result of his efforts to solve the farm wagon
problem. We are making a wagon that is especially fitted for
all sorts of farm work, that can be sold at a reasonable price,
and warranted for five years. All dealers sell it. It takes
quite a catalogue to tell all about it, and it makes mighty
interesting reading. Write direct to us for a copy. It’s free.

FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO., Saginaw, Mich.

Branches: Kansas City and lies Moines.

Maker* of Handy All Steel Silo * and Handy Hay and Stock Rack . Catalog* free*

k-A

5ave $30

In the ordinary way of buying
would cost, with his com-

from a dealer this buggy
, mission added, from $15

to $30 more than if bought from our factory. We are actual manufacturers and
sell by mail direct to the customer, saving all middlemen or dealers’ profits to the
buyer. In every case we guarantee satisfaction or refund purchase price, and
pay freight both ways. Write for free illustrated catalogue.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO., Columbus, Onto.

$360 e PROFIT

IN FEEDING ONE TON
TO YOUR CATTLE, HOGS,
HORSES OR SHEER.

On* Hundred Pounds will make you $18.00 net profit. '‘International Slock Food** with
the World Famous Line — 3 FEEDS tor ONE CENT— i9 known everywhere. It is
prepared from High Class powdered Roots, Herbs, Seeds and Barks and Purifies
the Blood, Tones Up and Permanently Strengthens the Entire System, Cures and
Prevents Disease and is a remarkable aid to Digestion and Assimilation so that
each animal will gain more pounds from all grain eaten. We positively guarantee
that one ton of “International Stock Food”will make you $360.00 Net Profit, over its cost,
in extra Milk, Growth or Quick Fattening of Cattleor Hogs in Winter, Spring, Sum¬
mer or Fall and at the same time keep your stock Healthy and Extra Vigorous.

Guaranteed to Fatten Your Stock in 30 Days less time and to save grain.
"International Stock Food” is splendid for all kinds of Breeding Stock and is
universally acknowledged as the leading High Class Medicated Stock Food
of the world and harmless even for the human system. It is equally good for
Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs and Pigs. Endorsed by
over Two Million Farmers. Our One Hundred Thousand Dealers always
Bell it on a "Spot Cash Guarantee" to Refund Your Money if it ever fails.
Ask Your Dealer For It. Guaranteed to Save 3 Quarts of Oats Every Day for
each Work, Carriage or Driving Horse. Our $150,000 Champion, Dan Patch 1:56,
Directum 2:05 M and Arion 2:07 Y\ eat “International Stock Food” Every Day.

DAN PATCH 1:56 MAILED FREE
#S*If you Name This Paper and State the Number of Stock You Own we will
Mail You FREE a Beautiful Colored Lithograph of our World Famous Champion
Stallion Dan Patch 1:56. It is printed in 6 Brilliant Colors and is 21 by 28 inches.
See our large advertisements or Write Direct to Our Office. We employ an office
force of 300 with 150 typewriters and all correspondence is answered promptly.

We will be pleased to have you write us for auy desired information.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.,

Minneapolis, Ml Inn., U . S - A.

Also Toronto, Canada. ^ Many Inferior frnitationif

Now on the Market.

8

Hammer
Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nail Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

2 On© of our agents say she will make $1500 next jest. Web«-
lleve ho can. This is the best seller wo saw. Write for

uni pUn $n Ann*rr«. Make money now

J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown.O.

The Great Agents Supply House.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

, We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL GO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

Capital Paid in

$2,000,000

Every Farmer
Should
Know This

If you want to learn all
about the best harvesting
machinery in the world,
how it’s made, what it will
do on a large farm or a
small one — send for the
booklet which tells all
about mowers, reapers,
binders, tedders, hay rakes.

Walter A.Wood

HARVESTING

MACHINERY

is constructed by experts
only. Some of them have
spent a life time here in
this business. Everything
in this book is fully illus¬
trated, shows all parts in
full working order and is
an invaluable aid to the
farmer who contemplates
purchasing any piece of
harvesting machinery.

Write to-day. It will be
mailed free. Repairs fur¬
nished for Walter A.Wood
machinery of any date.

WALTER A. WOOD

MOWING AND REAPING MACHINE COMPANY
Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

Oldest Independent Manufacturers of Harvesting
Machines in the World.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2886

NEW YORK, MAY 20, 1905

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

CLOSE PLANTING OF AN ORCHARD.

The Authorities Oppose It.

On page 354 attention was called to a plan for an orchard
in New England. Apple trees were to he planted 33 feet
apart for permanent places, with other apples as fillers 24
feet and peach It! >4 feet from the apples. We called for
criticisms of the plan. Mere are some of them :

Mr. Van Deman Opposes the Plan.

On page 354 some one describes a plan for setting
an orchard in Connecticut, and criticisms of it are
asked for. The general principle of the plan is what
I should recommend to anyone, if 1 was
asked advice on the subject, but I have two
very serious objections to the details as he
states them. As I was the originator of the
plan of interplanting varieties of the apple,
some for permanent trees and others of early
bearing kinds for cutting out when their
room would be needed, I take deep interest
in this matter. I think the apple orchard I
planted in the Spring of 1S72 on my farm
in Kansas was the first one set after this
plan. It was certainly the first one I know of.

My first objection to the plan of our New
England friend is, that he is trying to get
too many trees on the ground. The perma¬
nent apple trees should be not less than 40
feet apart and 50 would be better. They will,
when fully grown, need all this space to give
them plenty of sunlight for the full devel¬
opment of their foliage and fruit, and the
roots will make good use of the ground
space. In the same issue of The R. N.-Y.
is a statement by an experienced orchardist
in New York, which proves that at “20 years
from setting” the branches began to meet on
trees “set 30 x 32 feet.” Imagine the Con¬
necticut orchard 20 years hence, with its
permanent trees 33 feet apart. He will have
another problem that he was not expecting
to have to solve. If he should plant his
apple trees 20 feet apart each way, which
would give him 108 trees per acre, there would
be enough on the ground to satisfy any rea¬
sonable apple orchardist, and at 25 feet apart,
making 69 per acre, there would be what I
think enough for a region where apple trees
grow to large size. In the Prairie and
Pacific States 20 feet is about right, including
the fillers, provided the latter are promptly
cut out.

But our friend in Connecticut has the pur¬
pose of still further overtaxing the soil and
air of his proposed orchard, by adding as
many more peach trees as he is to have of
apple trees. Herein lies my second objection.

I have plenty of experience in growing peach
trees among apple trees, and will never do it
again. I know that this plan of interplant¬
ing the apple and peach has some advocates,
and I do not deny that they may sometimes
come out well with it, but I have the first
apple orchard to see, in which peach trees
\£ere grown, that was not the worse for it. The peach
trees are a positive nuisance to the apple trees. They
overgrow and rob them to some extent in all cases, I
claim, and often very seriously. And it is so abso¬
lutely needless to interplant them. Let the apple trees
grow by themselves and the peach trees likewise. The
tillage and spraying that one needs may not suit the
other, and rarely does. It is about right to plant 160
peach trees on an acre of land, but that many apple
trees is far too many in any of the eastern States. The
trees may suffer permanently from the close planting,
and future loss result. h. e. van deman.

Would Not Pay in Delaware.

I have had some little experience, and in this section
l would never advise it. I would always plant each
fruit by itself. There are many objections to it and
but few reasons for it. In fact, I can see no reason for
it unless where a person has only a limited area to
plant. Nearly every kind of fruit grows differently, and
most all require different methods of cultivation and
fertilizing. Most important of all, in these days of
spraying, mixtures used for one th i fig may injure an¬
other, and if they did not there are times when one
fruit should be sprayed when it would be impossible to

SECTION OF FALL BEAUTY APPLE. Fig. 166.

spray another, a very important matter to consider.

1 low many men, no matter how good their intentions,
have the nerve to cut out the fillers when it should be
done? These are often allowed to remain to the detri¬
ment of other trees. Apple trees must certainly be
sprayed with Bordeaux Mixture several times during
the season, and ive all know the peach will not stand
this after the leaves begin to come out. He would
have to injure the peach if he sprayed, for no matter
how careful some material would get on to the tree.

In the early part of the life of an orchard the peach
trees would grow much faster than the apple, and of

course hold them back to some extent. I know some¬
times mixed orchards are successful, but for my own
I want each thing by itself to be cultivated, manured
and handled as best suited to its own individual needs.
I have pear trees among apple that have never been a
success, apples among plums and Kieffer pears that
have never paid. chas. wright.

Delaware.

Keep Apple Trees Apart.

I was quite interested in “Quality^” plan for an or-
cha’-J, perhaps on account of the fact that we have just
finished setting 450 trees, including pears and
apples. Now, the plan looks like a good one,
and it is to be presumed that the correspond¬
ent does not feel like making any material
changes, as humanity is prone to seek advice,
but reluctant to act upon it. However, 1
would say do not set long-lived apple trees
less than 40 feet apart. Draw your tape
under the spreading branches of a matured
Greening, Baldwin or Spy tree that has not
been crowded for standing room, and you
will be surprised to find a distance of from
40 to 45 feet. Now, why not give the trees
a little more room? Think of the poor
fellow who, rides in the tower at spraying
time, dodging no'w and then the swish of
slimy limbs, which overlap and intermingle,
scratch your hands and make them tingle;
wish that “dad” was up here now; guess he’d
see how close, I vow ; to say nothing of
hanging to the tower for dear life and
trusting that the tower will hang to the
wagon.

Again, consider a good circulation of air
and abundance of sunlight in an orchard,
which gives fairness and color to the fruit.
To lay out the ground for trees we found
it convenient to have a light strip of lumber,
such as a number of lath nailed together, which
when complete was 40 feet in length, or the
distance between the apple trees. This was
used as a measure in setting the stakes.
When the trees are to be planted in plowed
ground the stakes may be seen for a long
distance, if recently split from any light
wood; but if laying out a stubble field
there is considerable difficulty in seeing the
stakes, unless covered with something
black. Set a stake at the opposite side of
the field from the one you “squint” from.
Then as two men walk down the row with
the long measure described above, insist
that they place the stakes in a vertical or
upright position. After getting your rows,
say lengthwise, have a man go through the
other way to correct what errors may have
occurred.

In planting take a light strip, one by three
or four inches and six or eight feet in
length; bore three one-inch holes, one at
either end, and one in the center, which is
to be sawed out from one side, forming a
guide with holes at either end and a notch in center,
which is to be placed on the ground in such a manner
that the stakes will enter the notch in the center. Then
through the end- holes peg to the ground with pegs which
about fit the holes. Now slip guide off on? peg and
swing out of way while hole is to be dug. Replace
guide and insert tree in hole, allowing it to enter notch
and keep in place until hole is filled. Two of these
guides may be made in one operation by placing one
strip above another, and in much less time than it
takes to describe them. In this way the guides will
be interchangeable, which is also of importance.

4o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 20,

Where three are working you can see to the planting
of a tree while the other man digs the next hole,
each man digging and filling alternately, which makes
a change, and therefore a rest for the men. In this way
three men plant from 80 to 100 trees daily, according
to condition of soil and ability of men. l. l.

Middleport, N. Y.

Success With a Cultivated Orchard.

Six years ago I set out a combination apple and peach
orchard of two acres on northern slope. Baldwin
apples were used exclusively, set 40 feet apart, with
Champion, Elberta, Globe, Crawford and Mountain
Rose peaches between, making distance from tree to
tree 20 feet each way. I would not care to set closer.
Orchard has been thoroughly fertilized and cultivated,
onions, root crops and some corn raised in it each sea¬
son. The apple trees are very thrifty and bore several
bushels last Fall. Most of the peach trees are in fine
shape and have given two heavy crops of superb fruit.
All of the varieties named have done exceedingly well.
Three years ago I set three acres on same plan adjoining
this little orchard, but have not cultivated, though liberal
fertilizing was given. Result, a dismal failure of this
second effort. Baldwin apples always find a market
here, even when other varieties go begging.

Bristol, Conn. w. H. m.

INFORMATION ABOUT " NITRO-CULTURE

I want to try nitro-culture on a succession of garden peas,
but do not wish to spend the money necessary for a half
acre on a 50-foot row every two or three weeks. Is it feasi¬
ble to divide the cotton and food material into as many
equal parts as I have successions and only add to water as
needed? I note on page 223 of The R. N.-Y. that package
No. 2 is “not to be opened until needed.” Would it keep if
sealed up ? J. f. d.

Lynn, Mass.

The following reply is written by an experienced
bacteriologist :

It would be much better to purchase all the seed he
wishes to use during the Spring planting season and
inoculate it all at once. This can be allowed to dry as
rapidly as possible in a warm, dry room away from
direct sunlight and without heating. As soon as the
seed is dry it can be sacked up and placed in a cool, dry
room to be used as needed. If the culture is properly
prepared it should be quite cloudy when dipped up in
a glass tumbler and held to the light. When this cloudy
condition is reached each drop of the culture contains
thousands of the organisms. When your correspondent
moistens his peas with the culture and allows it to dry
on he surrounds each one with a film, containing hun¬
dreds or even thousands of the dried nitrogen-fixing or¬
ganisms. These organisms in the dried state will remain
dormant and retain their vitality for weeks, much the
same as the yeast cake. I do not know how long the
bacteria will retain their vitality in this way, but I am
confident that it will be much longer than the Spring
planting season. I am told by the authorities at Wash¬
ington they have kept the dried cottons for 18 months
and still found them active. Like the dried yeast cake,
probably as the time goes on the proportion of living
organisms decreases till eventually all are dead. There¬
fore, probably, the fresher the culture and the sooner
the seed is planted after inoculation the better will be
the results. However, the difference made in six or
eight weeks with fresh cultures would be so very slight
that it probably could not be demonstrated.

The objection to doing as your correspondent sug¬
gests is that in opening his cotton so many times, hand¬
ling in cutting up, etc., he cannot fail to introduce quan¬
tities of mould spores, yeasts, .other bacteria, etc., which
might cause him considerable trouble with the last lots
used. If he could avoid contamination it would be per¬
fectly possible to do as he suggests.

MAKING A CEMENT SILO.

This is my second season’s experience with cement
silo, and is satisfactory in every respect. From what
I learn from others having wood silos, cement is far
superior, and were I to build a dozen silos I would build
cement. My silo is built at end of base barn. I commenced
by digging pit two feet more in diameter than inside
diameter of silo (which is 14 feet) and four feet deeper
than bottom of feeding floor, tramping the earth firmly,
two-foot strip running around outside of bottom, put¬
ting in concrete 18 inches and six inches thick around
outside of bottom of pit.

In Fig. 167 is shown one end of inside form of silo.
The pieces marked “board” are 18 inches long and 1(4
thick, to the edges of which upright pieces one inch
thick, four inches wide and 2(4 feet long are nailed,
commencing one inch back from the opening, so that
a key one by six inches can be used between the two
halves of form. This form is 12 inches less in diameter
than outside form. Fig. 169 shows outside form. The
hoops are 3-16 x 2(4 inches, riveted to pieces 1x3
(planed) 2(4 feet long, using one rivet four inches from
end of pieces. Lugs and bolts are at ends of hoops.

Place inside form on concrete with the halves ex¬

tended by one by six inch key. Fill space between in¬
side form and earth with concrete, well firmed by tamp¬
ing as it is being put in. When concrete is well set
(about 14 hours) take out keys, raise form two feet,
fill as before to top of ground. After setting raise form
as before. On the side silage is to be taken out put in
door frame. The doors are placed in perpendicular line

about three feet space between. Then put outside
form which was adjusted so as to leave a six-inch space;
fill four inches concrete. Then lay number eight wire
one inch from outside, ends going through door frame
and clinching as before, putting three wires in the two-
foot fill, equal distance apart. The outside form was
six inches higher than the inside form. The fill was
made level with the inside. At the next raise the forms
come even. The raising and filling are made once a da}',
giving sufficient time for the concrete to harden. The
wires occupy the spaces between doors, the ends of
which are well overlapped, until we reach the height
of 36 feet. The method of raising forms and elevating
concrete is by rope and pulley, attached to pole, one end

CARRYING FATHER'S DINNER. Fig. 168.

of which rests on barn roof and the other end in a fork
made by fastening two poles together near their upper
ends and extending somewhat above the desired height.
The inside form is used as a scaffold to work from. In
making concrete I take one of cement to six of gravel,
using just water enough so as to pack or firm well.
The inside of silo is finished by putting on a coat, com¬
posed of one part cement to two parts of fine sand,
using form for scaffold by lowering. After finishing
the sides the whole bottom is firmed, putting about
eight inches of concrete and finishing as were the sides,
making sure that no water can enter. The doors are
2x2 feet. Frames are made 2x6 for sides, and 2x8
for top and bottom, cut to the circle of silo, all beveled

on the inside so as to receive door made to fit opening.
Doors are made of 1 x 4, matched, nailed to curved edges
of two pieces of 2x4, cut to circle of silo. The 2x4
are just long enough to clear the inside of frame and
the four-inch stuff projects far enough at ends and sides
to allow bevel to be made to fit bevel in frame. Bolts
nine inches by three-eighths are inserted through door

near each end of 2 x 4 cross pieces. When these doors
are in place the bolts are to go through 2x4, cut just
long enough to take in frame on outside. Before put¬
ting door in place put narrow strips of tar paper around
beveled edges, and after door is in place put sufficient
tar paper to cover inside of door, lapping well on con¬
crete (three or four inches). These doors are not to
be put in place till needed in filling silo. J. c.

Michigan. _

A NEW APPLE FROM KENTUCKY.

Fall Beauty is a new apple originating in Kentucky,
which is illustrated and described in Bulletin No. 116
of the Kentucky Experiment Station. Figs. 165 and 166
are reproduced from this Bulletin. The apple, which
originated with O. Piper, Hickman Co., Ky., is described
as ripening about September 22. Color, deep purplish
red, sometimes completely so, again only or largely on
the exposed side; striped with deeper purple and pale
waxen yellow, when fully ripe, with ochre-yellow; the
stripes contracting and extending into the cavity at the
calyx end. Marked with evident ochre-yellow dots, these
becoming especially conspicuous where the purplish red
is deepest. Region about the calyx end sometimes ex¬
tensively waxen yellow. Sometimes a half or more of
an apple is yellow with little trace of stripes. When
immature there is more purple and less red in the color¬
ing. Flesh white at first, becoming creamy when thor¬
oughly ripe. Flavor not striking, but pleasant ; sub¬
acid. Skin rather tough, thus calculated to protect it
from insect and fungus injury, and to render it a good
shipper. While it is adapted only for Fall use, it ripens
at a time when few apples as good are in a condition
for the table, the early ones being long gone and the
late ones not yet sufficiently ripe. It keeps very well,
becoming finally in October mellow and agreeable as an
eating apple. It cooks wrell before this final change,
making good sauce, but proving especially acceptable
when baked. According to Mr. Piper the growth and
foliage of his trees resemble those of the Rome Beauty.
In bearing, he says, it is as regular as Rome Beauty or
Ben Davis. The history of this variety is somewhat
uncertain and obscure. The original tree sprang up in
a thicket on the place of R. H. Emerson, at Clinton, Ky.,
and stood about 50 yards from an orchard. Grafts were
made from it about 20 years ago by J. M. Samuels, then
engaged in the nursery business at Clinton. Mr. Piper’s
trees came from these grafts, and he has recently made
numerous grafts of his own. The original tree has
been destroyed unfortunately, so that it is impossible
now to get information concerning it except at second
hand. Prof. PI. Garman’s action in carefully describing
and illustrating this new apple in a station bulletin
seems to us a commendable plan. As he says, nursery¬
men and fruit growers ought to have some recognized
place for registering their new fruits.

COTTON-SEED MEAL FOR COWS.

Would it lie injurious to feed one quart of cotton-seed
meal night and morning to cows calving in early Fall? M.v
cows on first turning to pasture are affected with scours.
My neighbors tell me feeding cotton-seed meal heavily will
cause my cows to lose their calves. I have fed about a
quart a day all Winter, and as it is not a relaxing feed do
not see why it should hurt the cows. h. b. w.

Ariel, Ta.

A quart of cotton-seed meal weighs 1(4 pound. I see
no reason why that amount should prove injurious to
your cows and should have no fear of their losing their
calves from that cause. Many of our cows are getting
more than this amount daily. We do not like to feed
over three pounds per cow daily, and prefer it mixed
with some wheat feed. The cotton seed will help your
cows some when turned out to pasture, but you can
avoid scours by making the change from barn feed to
pasturage a little more slowly. Let them out two or
three hours the first day, half a day the second and for
the whole day after this, keeping up the same barn feed
and dropping this off gradually. It is the sudden vio¬
lent change that causes the trouble you mention. Of
course their bowels will be a little looser on pasturage,
but this is beneficial rather than an injury. Every Spring
I know of farmers who have trouble with the milk hav-
ig a strong grassy odor. They wait until pasturage gets
strong and rank, turn the cows in until they gorge
themselves with their new feed and that night the milk
is off. You can even smell the breath of the cows.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

TO CLEAN SMOKY GLASS. — The glass of our green¬
houses is black, and it Is only by repeated washings we keep
it fairly clean. For this purpose we use a solution of hydro¬
fluoric acid. First wet the glass, then with a wide soft
brush wipe it. over with the solution, and immediately wash
it off with clean water. The acid cuts and unfastens the
dirt on the glass. But all plants must be removed for the
time being from under the glass, as every drip of the solu¬
tion on the leaves means a spot. This saves an immense
amount of rubbing. Don’t be 'afraid of it; we have been
using this for years. But don't use it too strong; dilute it
with water. We have tried many other things — oxalic acid,
muriatic acid, etc., but found nothing as good as the hydro¬
fluoric. The deposit of soot here, in Pittsburg, Pa., is per¬
sistent ; it is falling every day in the year ; and this is why
our commercial florists have been driven to the suburbs and
outside towns, — W, Falconer, in The London Garden.

1805.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4o7

SILOS AND SILAGE IN MARYLAND.

Here in Maryland wherever stock is kept “corn is
king,” and the question which confronts each farmer
is the best and cheapest way to convert that corn into
milk or cream. Ten years ago every dairyman cut and
shocked his corn by hand at a cost of $1.25 per acre;
husking and lifting cost $3 per acre. The fodder was
hauled to the barn, put in a mow and then cut or shred¬
ded at a cost of $6 per acre. The corn was hauled from
crib to mill and crushed at a cost of 50 cents per
barrel or $5 per acre, making in all a cost of $15.25 to
save an acre of corn and prepare it for feeding, often
finding there were plenty of stalks left to bed the
cattle.

To-day we have the silo. By planting corn a little
thicker, eight to 10 inches between each stalk and three
feet eight inches between the rows, we can easily get
12 tons of silage per acre. With a corn binder, cutting
box and a good force of hands this corn can be put into
the silo at a cost of 75 cents per ton, or $9 per acre,
making a saving of $6.25 on each acre in favor of the
silo. From the silo all stalks are eaten, and there is
a very perceptible difference in the palatability and
digestibility in favor of the silage. An acre of good
corn put into a silo will feed a cow nine months, and
as all stalks are eaten the balance between the grain and
hay feed will be nearly right. The same acre cured
in the old way will feed a cow about as long, but as all
the stalks are wasted the balance between the grain
and hay feed will be lost. You will have too much
grain for your fodder, and will be throwing into your
manure just half the feeding value of the fodder.

As silage is so much more digestible and palatable
than dry fodder, a cow will eat so much more of it.
No correct comparison can be drawn between the tvVo
feeds as to the amount of feed an acre will produce.
But the milk pail will speak in favor of
the silage every time. The silo of to-day
is round, with iron hoops run through
lugs fixed with nuts so it can be drawn
up tight. It takes nearly twice as much
lumber and five times as much labor to
build a 100-ton silo square or oblong as
it does to build it round and of staves.

My silo is round, homemade and built
inside the barn; just plain undressed
two by six hemlock, hooped together
with five-eighths round iron hoops, with
nuts and lugs to tighten it. It has been
standing eight years, and is just as sound
as when built. It keeps silage perfectly.

I used rough scantling two by Six, not
beveled, simply because it is easier to
make a tight joint with rough timber
than with dressed, and the two inside
corners of the staves coming together
will match and make a tighter joint
than they would if the whole two-inch
surface touched. I consider the tongue
and groove between the staves of bought
silos entirely unnecessary to the keeping
of the silage, and it will hold moisture and rot the
staves; but it adds greatly to the standing up powers
of the tub. Therefore should I build a silo out of doors
where it would be exposed to sun and wind I would
build a tongued and grooved silo.

My silo holds about 70 tons; 2,000 feet picked stuff
built it. This cost me $40. The hoops, cement, foun¬
dation, carpenter and mason work brought the cost up
to $85 complete. It is 26 feet high and 12l/2 feet in
diameter. The staves are cut 16 and 10 feet and set
up, breaking joints each time. I have never seen a
concrete silo, so do not know how they keep silage, but
several inches of the silage at the bottom of my silo
next the concrete floor always has a peculiar smell, and
I always have thought the concrete was responsible for
it. After eight years’ experience I can unhesitatingly
advise all dairymen to build silos, and to build them big.
When you have fed silage for one season you are sure
either to begin buying or raising more corn the next.

Montgomery Co., Md. john h. janney.

BANDS FOR THE CODLING MOTH.

“Orchardists in Tasmania are subject to a fine of from
$2.50 to $5, with costs, if they fail to bandage their trees
to keep down the Codling moth, or if they fail to gather and
destroy any infested fruit. Wormy apples sent to market
are destroyed.”

The above is from a recent issue of American Fruits.
What Is there in the use of this bandage? Does it do any
good, and if so, what kind of bandage is used, and what
has to be done in connection with its use? s. H. M.

Berkeley Co., W. Va.

It is true that in Tasmania the law requires that
apple trees be bandaged during a certain portion of the
year, for the purpose of helping to control the Codling
moth. I have a copy of the law, which is a formidable
document of 21 pages, consisting mostly of “red tape.”

As early as 1746 it was discovered that the Codling
moth caterpillars preferably sought the shelter of the
crevices and loose bark of the trunk of the tree to spin
their cocoons. About a half a century ago it was acci¬

dentally discovered that large numbers of the cater¬
pillars would crawl under cloth bands tied around the
trees. In 1864 a famous “hay-rope” band was devised,
and during the decade between 1870 and 1880 this
“banding” method was the principal one pursued by
apple growers in combating this pest. Many exper¬
iments have been made in different parts of the v/orld
which have demonstrated that hundreds of the cater¬
pillars can be enticed to spin their cocoons in or under
these bands. Any kind of coarse, thick cloth makes a
good band if it is arranged to present one or more folds
in which the worms like to spin their cocoons. Two
bands should be. placed on each tree, one near the
crotch and the other near the base, thus offering con¬
venient places for the worms which may come down
from the apples on the trees, and also for those which
may go up from the “windfalls.” The bands are easily
made and can be quickly applied by placing them around
the tree and driving a tack or nail through the over¬
lapping ends, or by simply tying a cord around the
middle of the band. The bands should be put on about
June 15, and should be kept on until the fruit is gath¬
ered. They must be removed and examined every ten
days until the latter part of August, when it will not
be necessary to examine them again until late in the
Fall. The frequent examinations are necessary in the
Summer to prevent the caterpillars from transforming
into moths for another brood of the pest. But all those
which go under the bands after the middle of August
do not transform until the next Spring. On removing
the bands, the insects in the cocoons are killed by either
dipping the bands in hot water, running them through a
wringer, or by any other method which will crush the
cocoon. It is said that the expense of banding for the
season need not exceed four cents per tree. Exper¬
iments have shown, however, that under the most favor¬

able circumstances not more than half of the cater¬
pillars spin up under the bands, and then not until they
have done all of their destructive work in the fruit.
The bands thus simply help to reduce the numbers of
the next generation of the insect, and are, at best, only
a partial remedy. All who have tried it thoroughly,
however, claim that it is a profitable supplementary
measure, but it is not nearly so effective as a poison
spray. Since the advent of spraying, the band treatment
has largely gone out of use because the spraying is
cheaper and more effective, and where very thoroughly
done, following with the “banding” treatment, would
involve unnecessary expense. Where there are two cr
more Fall broods of the Codling moth each season, I
think it would pay to supplement the poison spray
with the “banding” method, for the spray is effective
largely against the first brood only.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

SULPHUR AND FORMALIN ON POTATOES.

I raise potatoes very largely, but of late years have been
greatly troubled with scab. Do you know about this sulphur
treatment? It seems to me it should be used before cut¬
ting, as it is the skin and not inside that contains scab
germs. I once used corrosive sublimate, but could not sec
that it did much good, if I should use corrosive sublimate,
could I use the same solution right through, or after several
times using should I put in more sublimate, or make entire
new solution? Does this in any way injure the vitality
of the potatoes? If sulphur is good, how much would I need
for 200 bushels seed? c. n. r.

Pennsylvania.

We foave used sulphur for some years, both alone and
in connection with soaking. For preventing scab we do
not find it equal to soaking, but we are satisfied that
it sometimes prevents rotting of the seed, especially in
wet soils or cold, damp seasons. Formalin is better
than corrosive sublimate for soaking the seed. You can
use one pint of formalin in 30 gallons of water. We would
rinse off the potatoes before soaking and let them stay
in the liquid two hours. They will not be hurt unless

the sprouts are very far advanced. The same liquid
can be used again and again. After taking out the pota¬
toes dry them and cut. We use peach baskets for this
purpose, scattering sulphur over the seed from time to
time and shaking the basket so that the sulphur sifts
down through. The basket should be put on a paper
or cloth so that the sulphur which sifts through can be
used the second time. The true scab is a skin disease
which spreads by means of tiny germs. The object of
soaking or using sulphur is to destroy the germs on
the seed without hurting the sprouts. Of course a
liquid would be more likely to destroy all these germs
than a powder would. There may be germs in the soil.
In such case the crop might be scabby even though all
the germs on the seed were killed. This will explain
the matter to some who cannot understand how there
could be scab on the crop if the seed is thoroughly
soaked. In some cases sulphur has been scattered in
the hill or drill with the seed, and this has given clean
tubers even when it was known that a scabby crop grew
there the year before ! We have found that the sul¬
phur preserves the seed. In some cases we have found
the piece of seed with sulphur still on it at digging time.

CULTURE OF ASPARAGUS.

I would like to know how to cultivate asparagus. What
I have read in your paper does not tell how to cultivate
after it is several years old. Does it need salt? I have
been told to use salt on the bed, but was afraid to exper¬
iment too much with it. M. n.

There are no mysteries in the culture of asparagus.
If well planted in rich, light soil it should yield profit¬
able crops for 12 to 15 years with sufficient cultivation to
keep the soil mellow and free from weeds during the
growing season. If white or bleached asparagus is
grown, as is usually the case when intended for market,
the soil is ridged with the plow or other tool over the
rows as early in Spring as the land can
be worked. After the cutting reason is
over the ridges are leveled by plowing
a furrow from each side to the center and
harrowing the field crosswise until the
whole surface is level. If not manured
earlier this is a good time to apply fer¬
tilizers, which should contain three to
five per cent ammonia and about eight
per cent each potash and phosphoric
acid, put on broadcast at the rate of 600
to 1,000 pounds an acre. Keep up cul¬
tivation, especially after rains, until the
tops get too large to allow passage be¬
tween the rows, after which they will
shade the ground sufficiently to keep
down further weed growth. Salt as a
fertilizer still has its advocates. The
Arkansas Experiment Station in Bulle¬
tin 86 reports an increase in yield from
applications at the rate of nearly five
tons of salt to the acre; 1,000 pounds to
the acre did not appreciably increase
yield nor diminish the usual number of
weeds. From this it will be seen that
salt as a fertilizer is not likely to be profitable. Ten to
20 tons of stable manure to the acre plowed in at the
first Spring working or 1,000 pounds high grade chem¬
ical fertilizer after cutting ceases has proved most
nrofitable.

BUY ONLY THE BEST WIRE .

A question found in the box at our institute is very
suggestive of the feeling of many farmers, especially
since The R. N.-Y. has made clearer the condition of
much of the wire fencing that has been placed on the
market. It read : “How can we get satisfaction from
the manufacturers of galvanized wire fencing?” After
some discussion it was advised to buy only from reliable
manufacturers, buy under a guarantee and get iron wire
instead of steel ; also pay a little better price, if nec¬
essary, for a good article. To-day I have been in a
large manufacturing establishment where galvanized
goods are largely used. The foreman said that he
bought from persons whom he knew to be reliable, and
made personal inspection of the galvanizing process.
Electrically galvanized goods in the present stage of
the process he does not consider it advisable to buy.
Steel is too fine grained to allow the zinc to penetrate,
hence iron, which is more porous, is preferable. This
is shown also in the sheet iron and sheet steel, both of
which are used for galvanized and tinned plates, the
iron holding the galvanizing and tinning much better.
There is a process of galvanizing by which the zinc, to
be used for the coating, is finely divided into particles
and is forced into the porous iron, making, with the
outside finish an enduring galvanized iron. Get only
the best grade of galvanized iron goods is his advice.

H. H. L.

R. N.-Y.— But how are we to know what the “best
grade” is? On eveiy side of this question the need
of a government test and standard for pipe, wire and
nails comes up.

FIRST LESSON IN CULTIVATING. Fig. 170.

4o8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 20,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Grafts of Seedless Persimmons.

F. L. N Bamford, Pa. — Where can I get
seedless persimmon grafts?

Ans. — J. L. Normand, Marksville, La.,

one of the old subscribers of The R.
N.-Y., has a variety of seedless persim¬
mon, and may be able to furnish scions
of it, if not too late in the season. All
the native seedless varieties of this fruit
that I have seen are quite small, and they
may not be hardy in Pennsylvania.

H. E. V. V.

Preparing Muck Pasture for Onions.

G. Jj. N., Elba, N. Y. — What treatment
would a muck pasture need in order to raise
onions?

Ans. — Usually muck lands are sour,
and while in that condition will not pro¬
duce good paying crops, unless some ef¬
fort is made to correct the acidity. Prob¬
ably the most economical way to produce
results in the above case would be to plow
the pasture and plant to corn, using a lib¬
eral quantity of wood ashes or some form
of potash and lime. The corn should be
taken off early enough so that the land
can be plowed in the Fall. A liberal
dressing of coarse stable manure plowed
under, and not harrowed will leave the
soil in fine condition for onions. The fol¬
lowing Spring the coarse manure will
keep the ground loose during the Win¬
ter and will help the wind to dry. up the
surplus moisture. A liberal amount of a
good commercial fertilizer, say 1,000
pounds per acre, sown broadcast on :he
rough ground and thoroughly harrowed in
will usually be sufficient to produce a
good crop of onions if given the proper
care and conditions are favorable.

JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Flower Growing in South Dakota.

J. It. C.. Deadwood, 8. I). I am thinking
of growing some carnations In greenhouse the
coming Winter, and would be pleased to have
you tell me how to start in. I am also
Interested In hyacinths, Easter lilies and vio¬
lets, and would appreciate any Information
you can give me.

Ans. — The best preparation for anyone
who desires to go into carnation or other
flower growing, is to be had in the form
of practical experience in the greenhouses
of some good grower, but there would be
but little time for such experience in the
few months before next Winter, certainly
not enough to be of much practical value.
A second method of acquiring informa¬
tion on the subject would be by careful
study of the most modern literature rela¬
tive to flower growing, and then to visit
the best available grower from time to
time in order to sec how to apply the
information. The subjects referred to
have been discussed in The R. N.-Y.
Among the most practical books for this
purpose, arc The American Carnation, by
C. W. Ward ; Commercial Violet Culture,
by B. T. Galloway, and The Florists’
Manual, by Wm. Scott. Much useful in¬
formation may -also be had by subscrib¬
ing to two or three of the best fioricul-
tural journals, but after all .practical ex¬
perience is the great stand-by.

w. h. taplin.

A igleworm Queries.

J. .If. G., Havana, III. — (’an tishworms or
angleworms be kept any length of time, and
in what way? Can they be propagated and
kept? There Is great demand for bait In
the fishing season. Is ground infested with
grubworms liable to have them continue from
year to year? They damaged my crop badly
last year.

Ans. — Yes, I think earthworms can be
kept for a long time by putting them into
a box of good, rich, moist soil. I doubt
if it is practicable to propagate earth¬
worms. T do not know how long it takes
them to develop from the eggs which
are laid in the ground. In most localities
one could get any quantity of earth¬
worms by going out early in the morning

after or during a warm shower, when
hundreds of them can be found crawling
on the surface of the ground. They could
be collected and kept in a box of soil,
probably for a long time. I am not sure
just what is meant by “grub-worms.”
This name is sometimes applied to white
grubs and sometimes to cutworms. If
the crop grown on the infested ground
was thoroughly cultivated last year, there
should be but few of the worms left.
Nothing discourages underground-work¬
ing insects so much as thorough culti¬
vation. I should not hesitate to put an¬
other crop which requires thorough culti¬
vation on the same ground.

m. v. slingerland.

Muck Land in Florida.

F. Y. Went Apopka, Fla. — We are work¬
ing a muck bed (timber muck) for vegetables,
with more or less failure and success. The
land is well drained but too cold. Would it
be to any advantage to haul sand on there
to a depth that would hold up a team? At
present we can put no horse on the land
without wooden shoos. Last, year I had
two acres in tomatoes. I shipped 905 crates;
the returns were $885, with the cost of one
ton of commercial fertilizer to be deducted.
Irish potatoes will average 15 to 20 to one;
beans from 150 to 250 baskets to the acre.
Celery we had good success with several
years ago, from 500 -to TOO crates; the last
few years we were not able to raise plants.
'Phis year I am planting 4 Vi acres in toma
toes, with 20 loads of rotten stable manure
and 2 Vi tons of commercial fertilizer. The
stable manure I am using in hills and drills,
(tur muck land is spotted. I want to find
out if T could Improve it by the use of the
manure, so the first blooms of the tomatoes
would hold their fruit better. There is no
telling how many crates we would ship If
they would hold their first fruits. At the
end of shipping season (when the northern
markets forbid any further shipments, about
June 15) we left over one-half the fruit In
tlif field.

Ans. — Never having examined the
muck lands of the Apopka region, al¬
though I have been there, I am not sure
that they are of the same character as
those that I have examined in other parts
of Florida, but I think they are practi¬
cally the same. On the lower east coast
of Florida I have repeatedly seen and
carefully examined into the growing of
tomatoes and other vegetables, and it is
probable that the knowledge obtained
would enable one to meet the require¬
ments of the present case. In plowing
such land, especially that which is very
spongy or boggy, it is necessary to have
bog shoes fastened to the feet of horses
that do the work. They may of steel or
wood, the latter being the best and the
most costly — about $8 per set. Tt is not
every horse that is suitable for such use,
for he must be light and yet strong, and
be easy to learn the way to handle his
feet with the clumsy shoes on them. A
pony that has been raised on the marshes
is usually the best. The land that I have
seen the best crops of tomatoes on. was
without sand or grit of any kind, and al¬
though I have not scei\ it tried it is my
belief that the addition of sand to it
would make it very much better.
Whether or not it would pay for the
labor of hauling and then wheeling on
boards and spreading sand over it is
doubtful. It ought to be tried, and possi¬
bly it has been tried already. If so, we
ought to have the experience put on rec¬
ord. Lime would almost surely be a
benefit to it, if put*on in a very fresh and
caustic state. Rich as this land might
seem to be to those unacquainted with its
real character, it is absolutely necessary
to apply fertilizers, and those of mixed
character are the kinds to use. Potash
and phosphoric acid are especially needed,
for these muck lands are very deficient in
them both. Stable manure also has a
very marked effect, for muck lands do
not contain the soil bacteria that they
should have, and stable manure furnishes
this needful agent. It also contains true
plant food, as do the commercial fer¬
tilizers. The proper balancing of the
plant foods can only be told by trial, but
I have no doubt of the ability of liberal
proportions of potash and phosphoric
acid helping materially in the setting and
retention of the tomatoes on the plants.

H. e. v. D.

A LITTLE
A WEEK

nPHE secret of successful
^ saving is persistence.
Small amounts deposited
each week— or each month
— s oon grow to large
amounts.

Especially when they are
earning 4 per cent, annual
interest — c o m pounded
every six months.

This bank has hundreds of
depositors who do their
banking entirely by mail.

Department **H” Booklet tells
about it — It Is free.

The Union
Savings Bank

Capital, $1,000,000.00
I-'rlck Building, FMTTSBURfiM, PA.

The

YearRountf

SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES

•land the tent. Good made— alwayrf fcood. Thial
Marvel Top Buggy $85. A bettor one, our Wln-I
nor, only $41. TIIE WORLD*** *TAND-|
A III) KPL1T HICKORY SPECIAL $51
Got something good.*

25% more valuo attho
k name price. Free CatalogX
The Ohio Carrlng* Mfg. Co.

^(H.C.Phelpi. Proa.)
in 1 1 on 290 /TT
LlncInnat^/NAy

obi. [J- h, — _ ,

ELECTRIC
Metal Wheels

will (flvo you a new wagon and a
lifetime's service out of your old
running (fears. They are the
modern nr eat service wheel.
Made to fit any wagon, adapted
to every duty. Straight or stag
pc red oval steel spokes, broad
tired, any height desired. Vou
will bo throuifh with repairs and save money, fields
and labor of horse and man. Write at once for our
catalogue. It’s free for the asking.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.,

BOX _ 88 _ Quincy, Illinois.

PALM ET'J’( ) and Barr'sMammoth Asparagus Roots,
Rhubarb Roots, Sweet Potatoes, Plants in Season.
All varieties. C. M. HARRISON. Vineland, N. J.

' When you write advertisers mention Tub
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

PureWhiteIead

Wood and weather have
not changed their nature re¬
cently. Pure White Lead
was the best house-pamt 1 00
years ago and is the best
to-day. But PURI TY is
absolutely necessary. Every
man who pays for paint
should know the brands of
White Lead that are pure.

Our booklet "What Paint and
Why" gives you this information.
Sent gladly on request. Write
the nearest office.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of While Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, Si. Louis

National Lead At Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis fit Bros. Co., Philadelphia

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

Is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK ANDTOWER

W 15 BUILD.

Our Tank* an* tight mul durnhle.

Our Tower* will nUnd In any ntorrn.

Get our reference* In your nertlon, Also
our llliutrAM catalogue and price Hat.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Loulnvllta, Ky.

Coed Potatoes— " Early Surprise, Maim* s oarliost
Potato; marketed in six weeks, $1 .11) large; 00c.
smaller per bush. M. A. Fogg, Route 2, Skowhcgan.Me

ALrALrA 5U1L Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per

hundred pounds; 10 per cent discount on 600 pounds
or over. R. I). BUTTON, < unnstola, New York.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

STRAWBthRY PLANTS Beauty, Senator

Dunlap and r«0 other varieties. Send for price list to

1). KOI) WAY, Hartly, Delaware.

YOUNG STRAW' BERRY FI, ANTS at $1.50 per
M.— Nick Dinner, Woiverton, Saunders, Brandywine,
Haverland, Seaford, Enormous, Wm. Belt, Marshall,
Excelsior. Now York, Rough Rider, Senator Dun¬
lap. Fresh dug, well packed, (100 Wealthy, 1100 York
I mperial, 300 Rome Beauty, 2 yr. f* to 7 ft. Grand stock.
Low price. Arthur .1. Collins, Moorestown, N. J.

PIlirrT nnnu Choice Stowell’s Evergreen
Off El I llUnH Seed, high vitality, 2 bushel
ling, $3; 5 bags, $12.50. O, W. CLARK & SON,
Seedsmen, Buffalo, New York.

rnn CM C— trimson clover seed. $550

rUn dALEL bushel; row Pens, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.60 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH K HOLLAND,

Milford. Delaware.

Vegetable Plants.

ASPA RAGUS, Palmetto and Conovers, - 1000, $5
SWEET POTATO, Yellow and Red.lersoy.lOOO, $1.50
CELERY, White Plume and other, - - 1000, $1

*’ transplanted, iOflO, $2.50

GARBAGE, All Varieties . 1000, $1.25

“ " “ transplanted, 1000, $2

TOMATO, All Varieties, 1000, $1, $2, $5 and $10 af¬
fording to size of plants. Special prices oil 10, 000 and
100,000 lots. Price list mailed free, covering all kinds
of Vegetable and Flower Plants. Cash with order.

LUDVIG MOSBAr.K. Oiuirgn, Illinois.

FINE QUALITY SEED.

All Recleaned and Tested. Speciai. Prices to Far¬
mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy, Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, Rodtop. Kentucky Blue-Grass, German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats; Learning, Pride of the North. Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and all kinds of Flint and Sweet Corn; all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape,
Onion Seed. tJT" Implements for Farm, Garden and
Lawn. Catalogue free. ('HAS. F. SAFI., 220 224
James Street, Syracuse, New York,

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications

JOS. EL BLACK, SON A 00., Sights town. N. J.

SEED POTATOES

A fine lot of EARLY NORTHERS grown on
virgin soil. $1 tier bushel: $2.50 per barrel while they
last. T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga.Sull. Co., N. Y.

nnTATACC Vermont Gold Coin and
I U I A I UEw Irish Cobblers, $3 per 4 Im.
bids.; White Mammoth and Carman No. 3, $2 per 4
im. bbls. GEO. A. BONNKLL, Waterloo, New York.

DHTATnCC grown especially for SEED. 15
fU I A I UEO varieties, price right, list free.

GKO. H. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of

fruit HotuI for our lihnrfl.1 forms of riistri-

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal — Paris, l'un- American,
st. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 11)04,

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Numerlest
Drawer Mill l, Roche«ter$ N.Y.
nstablished 18 W-

The Niagara
Fruit Ladder.

A ladder made from the best
selected white basswood with
a tie rod at every other step,
making a strong, light, durable
ladder that always stands and
never rocks on uneven ground.
W rite for prices and descriptive
matter on our full lino of bass¬
wood ladders, boxes, crates,
baskets, etc.

Bacon & Co.,

Appleton , New York.

CRIMSON CLOVER

price of seed on reqnost.

The groat soli improver. Valu¬
able also for early green food,
grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

IIENKY A, DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID

Poplar

Pear, Plum, Cherry, Poach and Carolina
oplurs, healthy, true to name and f unit gated.
All kiudsof trees ami plants at low wholesale prices. Koinomherwe heat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

TREES

FRUIT TREES

Plants, vines, and ornamentals are grown in
large numbers at Hoyt’s 500 Acre Nursery.
Wo have on hand THE FINEST STOCK
EVER GKOYVN IN NEW ENGLAND. If you need anything in the Nursery line writo us. Catalogue free

STEPHEN HOYT'S SONS CO., New Canaan, Conn .

3903.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4oQ

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Potatoes. There has been some improve¬
ment in conditions on choice old stock, fewer
having wholesaled under $i per barrel than
the previous week. A good many have been
badly sprouted, and are shriveled. Such are
hard to dispose of at any price. New pota¬
toes did a little better early in the week, -hut
later the supply increased and prices dropped
to the lowest figure for the season.

This Will llKi.r. -The Long island Rail¬
road has put on a new train which promises
to lie a benefit both to farmers and city con¬
sumers. This train leaves (freeuport early in
tlie afternoon and picks up vegetables and
other perishable freight through the truck¬
ing sections, reaching the terminus in time
to put tlie fresh vegetables in (lie market,
districts of New York and Brooklyn for tlie
early morning trade. This will open new
industries for sections of tlie Island outside
the wagon hauling /one, and give farmers on
tiie eastern end a market opportunity nearly
equal to those near tlie city. If good service
and fair freight rates are provided Long
Island farming ought to experience a mild
1)00111.

needed not only to do this work, but to de¬
cide whether or not tlie butter should be
touched at all. There is butter that will
not stand handling. I knew one grocery-
man who took butter of all kinds in trade,
and had a system of grading and repacking,
which worked well. Rutter color was used
liberally in that section in Winter, and the
stuff would vary from pale straw almost to
red. lie spread tlie stock out oil a table,
matched tlie colors as well as Ik- could, and
was usually able to put it in live or 10-
pound pails or boxes that would run fairly
uniform throughout, lie never tried to mix
violently different colors. To do this he
would have had to wear the butter into
grease to avoid a color combination as fan¬
tastic as that of "marble” cake. Working
over butter with milk In a churn will some¬
times freshen it up a little, but one must
know just bow to do it and when to quit.
A full set of renovating machinery is needed
to turn all kinds of odd lots into a uniform
grade. The best plan for anyone without
these facilities is to do as little handling as
possible. _ H.

COST OF A GALLON OF SPRAY.

No Cars.— Would-be shippers of strawber¬
ries in the Cnrollnus are in an exasperated
state of mind on account of the scarcity of
cars suitable for hauling these perishables.
Great quantities have been llirown away at
the shipping stations. The loss to growers
in the vicinity of Chadbourne, N. (’., is said
to be already more than $500,000. The re¬
frigerator car trust is alleged to have shown
itself entirely Inadequate to handle the crop,
although there has been every opportunity
for them to learn what amount of transporta¬
tion would he needed. Teach and orange
growers have wrestled with this refrigerator
car crowd and usually come out second
best. The fruit growers want cars, not ex¬
cuses, and every experience of this sort
brings this country so much nearer to strict
Government supervision of such matters.
Transportation Is the greatest question of
the day for the man making his living from
the land, and he has the voting power to
regulate this matter. He does not ask the
politicians whether he may raise this or
that on his farm, but has permitted them to
say when and where and how bis crops shall
be’ marketed, which is equivalent to tqrning
over to the politicians, their masters and
followers, more than a liberal percentage
of the farm profits.

Condemned TuodUCe. — The New York
Hoard of Health Inspectors have been full of
business for the past two weeks. A good
many strawberries, green beans and peas
have arrived here in unwholesome condition,
and of course such stuff ough': not to be
offered for food, but a great amount of
complaint is heard from the better class of
receivers here, of the officious unfairness of
some of these Inspectors, who evidently lose
their heads on account of (lie authority given
them over other people’s property. Cases
are noted where a whole pile of crated straw¬
berries is seized and ordered dumped because
perhaps the top or bottom crate has been
found rotten, while many of the others when
thrown out have been found sound. The
attitude of the heads of the Board of Health
is entirely fair, and they are hampered for
lack of inspectors to examine everything care¬
fully, but there is no good excuse for throw
ing away a lot of fruit or vegetables without
examining every package. At present the
strawberry and pen Shippers are the worst
sufferers from damaged stuff caused by car
shortages and delays.

Better arrivals continue scanty, and tlie
market keeps cleaned up as though buyers
were on tlie edge of starvation. In view
of tlie probablv increased make within a week
or two. Hie Mercantile Exchange lias not
seen lit to advance the official quotation, but
n good many sales of tlie better qualities
have been made above .‘JO cents to dealers
who have contracts for special grades to (ill.
Cnder grades are selling in about the range
given. It would he misleading to quote the
extreme top prices paid now and then for
some lots of fancy butter. Probably not a
week passes without some transactions of this
kind. The only reason why any dealer should
pay 30 cents for a mark of butter when ‘JO
is the going price for other of the same
grade, is because lie must have it and fears
Hint some one else who feels in the same way
will bid it up if lie does not. His customer
is a man or concern that Insists upon a cer
tain quality and pays tlie advanced price
when necessary, though perhaps with some
protest. 'I'lils Is not peculiar to Hie butter
trade, ns other lines of produce show spas¬
modic deals of tlie same kind, entirely lie
yond the limit of reasonable quotations, lint
it shows Hie advantage of producing some
tiling so superior that buyers make more or
jess of a rumpus in order to get hold of It.

Tiie Stock Transfer Tax, which goes
into effect in New York State June 1. may
not bring In nearby so much revenue as was
anticipated. Already Incorporation lias been
made for an extensive stock exchange busi¬
ness In Jersey Oily, solely for tlie purpose
of getting away from tills tax, which tlie
financial districts, possibly with some basis
of reason, consider unfair. They cannot un¬
derstand why their business transactions
should he taxed any more than those of the
dry goods or grocery man, coal merchant or
builder. But there is a current sentiment
that I In- ‘‘Wall Street Crowd” are bleeding
tlie public and ought to pay for the prlvl
ietre. Members of the New York Stock Ex¬
change. deny that they have any hand in tlie
pronosod New Jersey movement. Thov state
that tlie rules of tlie exchange would forbid
any member from doing business in another
exchange, and also that they will make a
test of the constitutionality of the law.

Fixing Over Better. -‘‘We gather up con¬
siderable surplus butter during tin* warm Wea¬
ther, a little here and there from the neigh¬
bors, and market In the city 15 miles away.
In tlie villages near there is always a sur¬
plus, and some grocers will not buy more
than their trade calls for, there being no
outlet for it. This butter is usually sweet
and clean, but of various colors, and some In¬
sufficiently worked some water and butter
milk still remaining, and as it comes from most
makers soft, oily and very unpalatable look¬
ing. Can tills be worked over to a uniform
color and packed in .jars of Id to 15 pounds
each? Can use tee if necessary. Will it lie
necessary to churn various lots together with
milk or buttermilk, or can it be mixed with
paddle?” a. q. w.

Indiana.

I have seen a good many of these odd lots
of butter and laid some experience in fixing
them over. The lint ter which is not thor
oughly worked may be Improved by cutting
up and handling carefully with a ladle or
worker, provided it lias not reached the
greasy stage. Au experienced person is

Have you ever made any figures to show
what It costs either to make a gallon of
spray mixture, such as lime and sulphur or
Bordeaux Mixture, or what It costs to spray
a tree, or an acre of fair-sized trees? Can
you give us figures? In estimating the cost
of a gallon of spray mixture, wliat items
would you include?

After trying a number of different com¬
binations in spraying, I am at present
using the following formula: Three
pounds sulphate of copper, two pounds
arsenate of lead, six pounds of lime, 50
gallons water. This costs about 50 cents,
and will spray 50 eight-year-old trees,
taking three men about one hour to mix
and apply right, using power sprayer. The
cost of chemicals is one cent per tree; the
cost of labor and power to spray about
two cents per tree. This estimate will vary
somewhat in cost, as the conditions o f
spraying vary as well as size of trees.

New York. grant g. hitchings.

I spray peaches for leaf-curl with
5-10-50 Bordeaux; this costs in the field
ready for use an average of 40 cents per
50 gallons, divided as follows: Five
pounds copper sulphate, 27 cents; 10
pounds lime, five cents; total labor cost,
five cents; fuel, three cents; total, 40
cents. This includes everything except
application of mixture. Any other for¬
mulas would differ only in cost of mate¬
rials ; labor cost would be same in all
cases except lime and sulphur. I have
never used much of this, but cost of
preparation is nearly the same; fuel cost
is about double above. a. i. loop.

Pennsylvania.

Inasmuch as Bordeaux Mixture varies
in strength, the cost for a given gallon
must also vary. It will also vary with
the kind of poison used, for I take it that
you mean poison included. Anwering
your question specifically, a gallon of lie
mixture the strength in which we make
it would be just four-fifths of a cent,
based on the following prices for ingre¬
dients: Copper sulphate, six cents per
pound; lime, $1.17 per barrel of 200
pounds; Paris-green, 1(> cents per pound.
I’be cost for a gallon of Bordeaux Mix¬
ture of the maximum strength (the (>-4-50
formula) with arsenate of lead as a poi¬
son would be about 1(4 cent. The cost
for a gallon of the 4-4-50 strength with
arsenite of lime as a poison would be
about three-fifths of a cent. 'The benefits
derived from spraying are so marked that
we have never before figured oi t the cost
per acre or per tree, but, roughly speak¬
ing, for two thorough sprayings, one Do¬
ing when the trees are in full leaf, it costs
us six cents per tree per year. This esti¬
mate is for large JO-year-old trees, and
includes cost of a hand outfit and repairs,
but does not include labor for applying.
If we include the latter, at the rate of $4
per day for two men and team, the cost
would be five cents per tree additional.

Seneca Co.. N. l . w. a. bassett.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adi'.

mess

We sell ciiHtom made, oak
tanned harnenH by mail. All
#1 yles.t 1 uaranteed to gi ve gat
isfaetion or goods returned
at our expense and money
bank. Illustrated catalogue
V and prlee list free.

king ha kn f.hsco.

d l.uke Nt.

Owtxo, Tioga Go., N. Y.

FOR SALE

STEEL FENCING, Ulc per rod, while It lusts.
Rochester Radiator Co., 2tfcs State 8t., Rochester, N . Y

CO.

THREE RIVERS. MICH.

AGENTS FINE SAMPLE SENT

ON RECEIPT OP

U !

_t<

A BOY

CAN OPERATE IT

ROSS MANURE SPREADER

Sizes 50-70-100 Bushel

Spreads any kind of manure. Pos¬
sesses all the necessary features, and has
the reputation of being the best Spreader
on the market.

Excessive strength, light draft, automatic
throughout, even distributor and a dandy
pulverizer. Fully Guaranteed. Wo also man¬
ufacture The Ross Ensilage Machinery.
Fifty-live years' experience. Free Catalogs.

THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13, Springfield, Ohio

60-DAY TRIAL OFFER ^

NET CASH

All the latest improvements. Strictly ft rnt-cla.ua material and ffiiiah. Manufactured in New York
State, where tlie finest carriages are built. Send us your sample order.

ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Concord Wagon No. 82 K

fluek board No. 46 K

.Spring Wagon No. 441 K

Kuuabout No. 64 K

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Extension Top Surrey No.77 E

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

ThoHo roadera of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know we sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from 25 to 50 per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

Wo are situated In the vehicle center of the
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more und
better buggies than any other city. Hero, too, ate
great factories making purta for all kinds of vehicles.
Wo select ull parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowingevery detail of their construction— and then
wo sell them, direct from factory toy mi, at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
nyntom, you don't pay any traveling men's expenses,
dealer's profits, cost of storage or handling. You simply
pay for the luiggy. And remember, wo sell every¬
thing on ono plan — an absolute tf uuruiitcc of
Mut Inflict! on.

Write today for our new Spring Vehiclo and Har¬
ness Catalogue. We can show you wluit you want, ut
the price you want. Nearly 200 styles und kinds.

I HARNESS

We don't sell cheap harness, hut we Hell No. 1 Har¬
ness, made right here in our Kalamazoo factory, at
tho price others nsk for cheap harness.

Our big general catalogue, No. C-80, will givo you best information and lowest prices on
everything forthu homo and the farm. Ask for it. It’s free.

CASH SUPPLY A MFC. CO., 481 Lawrence &q, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

X A Y I p W IIT0 Mako old buiigios run like now
Ai MALL ll U 1 0 S a in i> In sent on approval.
Ayts. wanted. Hardware Co., Box K 42, Pontiac, Mich.

IT DOES THE TRICK ! R. _F. D.

SPECIAL.

This axle runs easier than any other, and requires
no attention, Xt’ai Ck, AA/ oiidoi'.”
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

b

p IUO The Double-Acting Rams open
nMlYlO the valves as well as shut them
off with the power of the water. More
water raised In proportion to waste than
any ram made. No stopping
C. & A. I10DGK.IN8 GO., Marlboro, N.H.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built onee for all. Best
preservers, most (lu ruble,
models of convenience,
cheapest in tlie end. YVe want agents. Special terms
to granges ami farmers' clubs. INTKItNATIONA I,
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, .Jefferson, Ohio.

SplifHickory

(W Is our trudo murk, found only on

V good buggies. It stands for quality,

' workmanship, muturiul, Stands for
26% more value at sumo price of others.
Stands for every improvement worth hav¬
ing, for 30 days free trial, 2 years guaran¬
tee. Stands for money buck if you want It.

!

i p>

a t

$35 Split Hickory Marvil

A world beater, low
price buggy. It costs
i no more to get soroo-
k thing good. Our 192-
page Catalogue tells all it
stands for. Send for it.

The Ohio Carriage Mf|t Co.

(11. C. Phelpu. Proa.)

Station 29()

UneUntU, • Okie

ENS[

, Mounted or unmounted. With cither l
blowers or carriers fur elevating. Our’,
blowers are efficient and light running
•nd work perfectly. Large line ofPower
and Hand Feed Cutters. Horse Powers, Saw
Frew.., Smalt Threshers, Cart*, ato. Catalina free.
BELLE CITY MFC. CO.,

B<» 23-E Raolno Jot. Wla.

TOP
BUGGIES
1 27.90 to6A.50

OPEN
BUGGIES 1
$22.50 UP

GUARANTEED DUGGIES

Direct to you at factory prices and you save middlemen's
profits. Our large free catalogue tells all about our no
money with order plan, freight offer, 2 years' guarantee,

30 days free trial

Wo make 140 styles of vehicles and 100 styles of har- I
ness. Get our offers before you buy.

Write To-day for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U. S. BUCCY Sc CART CO.

IB 527, Cincinnati, O.l

No Money Required

until you receive and approve of your
bicycle. !Ve ship to anyone on

TEN DAYS FREE TRIAL

l»OS Models $10 to $24

will) Coaster-Brakes & Punctureless Tires.

1UOS* l»0t .Umlrl* (f7 , aft fo

of Best Makes... V* * *® V ■

BOO Second-Hand Wheola

All makes & Mod- JO , j a
ols good as now
GREA T FACTORY CLEARING SALE.
BIDKK AUKNTH WANTED In each town at good
pay . Write at once for catalog and Special Offer,

TIKK8, HUNDKIES, AHTOMOB1LK8*

MEAD CYCLE GO., Dept, w-u CHICAGO

4io

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 20,

uralisms ;

NOTES FROM THE RURAL 0R0UNDS

Single-Germ Beet Seed. — The novice
in gardening cannot but notice that how¬
ever thinly he sows his beet seed the
plants come up in crowded bunches. On
the other hand, the tricky seedsman can
usually point with pride to the high ger¬
minating percentage of the beet seed be
supplies, although his other seeds may
test distressingly low. It is quite usual
for 110 to 120 plants to gro - from 100
commercial beet seeds, notwithstanding a
varying proportion of the seed may not
germinate fit all. The explanation is that
most beet “seeds” are really compound
fruits — the product of several flowers
grown together, and may contain from
two to six separate germs or real
seeds. These compound seeds are nearly
as large as peas, noJe or less rounded,
and are spoken of as “seed balls.” Occa¬
sionally a beet flower is placed singly and
produces a single-germ fruit or seed; in
its dried form a star-shaped body very
much smaller than the more numerous
compound seed Lalls. These single germ
seeds can, to a certain extent, be sepa¬
rated from the plump seed balls by sifting,
but few would care to plant these little
angular seeds, looking like broken frag¬
ments of the ordinary round ones. The
National Department of Agriculture not
only plants single-germ beet seeds, but is
working out an elaborate experiment for
the development of a race of sugar beets
to bear only solitary seeds.

Advantages of Single-Germ Seeds. —
While it is always gratifying to get a full
stand of the desired plants when seed is
sown the usual bunchy germination of
beets is too* much of a good thing. One
of the most laborious items of beet culti¬
vation is the thinning out of surplus
plants, and in sugar beet cultivation on a
large scale it is an all but insurmountable
problem. If reliable single germ seeds
could be had the sowing and thinning
would be as simple a matter as with tur¬
nips or carrots, but the surplus plants
from the multiple-germed beet seed balls
are so closely packed they must be pulled
by hand, as no implement can single out
the desired one. Bulletin No. 73, Bureau
of Plant Industry, Department of Agri¬
culture, gives an account of methods of
breeding for single-germ seed by the
usual means of selection of seeds and
hand-pollination single blooms to fix if
possible the habit of bearing the desired
type of seeds. MaterM progress is re¬
ported in increasing the percentage of sol¬
itary blooms and resulting single-germ
seeds. The work is likely to extend over
a long time, but if successful will go far
towards reducing the expense of growing
beets in commercial quantities.

Garden Magazines Galore. — There is
an extraordinary outbreak ot luxurious
new magazines treating on garden lore
and topics concerned with country life.
All are lavishly illustrated, and printed
with much elegance. The price of a sin¬
gle number of some of the issues would
pay half a year’s subscription to The R.
N.-Y. Every imaginable subject of gar¬
den cultivation is treated by ready writers,
more or less familiar with the topic, and
exemplified with kindergarten half-tones,
showing all phases of the work. These
magazines are at ractive and highly useful
in encouraging a liking for country recre¬
ation and pursuits, but it can scarcely be
denied their tone is that of airy certainty
in dealing with vexed cultural problems.
It will not do to dwell on the horticultu¬
ral heartaches likely to result from a too
close adherence to the instructions of
cocksure contributors. Rather, let us
consider the real impetus to the apprecia¬
tion of country life and its endless pleas¬
urable resources. The commuter, the cot¬
tager, the amateur, and the town dwellers
of moderate means are interested and en¬
couraged as never before to dally with
the fascinating arts of horticulture and
gardening. Much good will flow from
this great increase of ornate suburban
literature, but it cannot yet be claimed
to touch the real interests of actual tillers
of the soil. Dealers in seeds, trees, im¬
plements and plants, however, are reap¬
ing a golden harvest, and it is likely their
sales this season will be record breaking.
Buy one or all — as many as you can af¬
ford — of these beautiful garden maga¬

zines; read, examine and criticise, but
before you greatly enlarge your planting
ventures be sure to consult your best
local authority as to possible difficulties
and complications.

The Long and Dreary Winter. — The
ancient and agreeable fiction that Win¬
ters of severe and continued cold are likely
to be followed by early and genial Springs
is receiving another rude setback. It is
true that official reports show that March
and April were a trifle warmer than the
average as regards night temperatures,
but there were so many cold, boisterous
and gloomy days, su-h a general defi¬
ciency of Spring warmth and sunshine,
that vegetation is making tardy progress.
Frost has taken several sharp nips at such
new growths as ha/e sufficient courage to
push out, but has not been able to affect
here the damage reported from localities
further South. It is, of course, entirely
possible that staple crops may be planted
at the usual time this season and start off
promptly, but there is yet no promise of an
actual “early Spring.” The Winter, here
as elsewhere in the North Atlantic States,
was cold and grim, with quite remarkable
deficiencies of temperature for the months
of December, January and February. No
records for extreme cold were broken, as
local thermometers did not indicate at
any time more than six degrees below
zero. The snowfall was not particularly
heavy, but owing to the steady cold af¬
forded unusually good protection to her¬
baceous plants, though frost penetrated to
a considerable depth in unprotected places.
Fruit buds generally came through in fair
condition, but there is an unusual amount
of winter-killing of peach and plum trees
where crusted with San Jose scale. The
usual vagaries in amount of injury to or¬
namental and fruit trees and shrubs fol¬
lowing a hard Winter seem to be exagger¬
ated this season. Thus young wild Red
cedars, Beach plums and persimmons,
though indigenous to the soil, are quite
extensively injured and the wild Eastern
holly has its- foliage browned in exposed
places, while large specimens of the
Chinese Buddleia variabilis and the blue
“shrubby verbena,” Caryopteris mastacan-
thus, heretofore cut to the ground in far
milder Winters, are scarcely harmed.
Roses of the Hybrid Perpetual class have
suffered greatly, many well established
plants being killed root and branch, but
most Ramblers and tbe new hybrid Ru-
gosas are budding out to the very tips of
the branches. Blackberry and raspberry
canes are less banned than usual for such
low temperatures, but dewberry canes are
killed except where well covered with
snow or litter. w. v. f.

Soaking Seed Potatoes. — I have had no
experience with formalin, but have some sea¬
sons soaked my seed potatoes in the corrosive
sublimate solution as much as three or four
weeks before planting, and have seen no bad
effect from same. After soaking, the potatoes
were spread on the tloor in the granary and
allowed to dry and lie in the bright sun¬
light until planted. The sprouts would then
be stubby and tough and would not break off
easily. Whether this practice was an advan¬
tage or not I cannot say, but the yield was
good. L. N. NELSON.

Wisconsin.

Spraying in the Hudson Valley. — I
should say two-thirds of the fruit growers
spray their apples quite thoroughly ; about
three-fourths of them spray their grapes for
the rot. This section is affected quite badly
by the rot. Some seasons those who do not
spray thoroughly lose nearly their whole crop.
The apple growers do not pay as much at¬
tention to spraying for the fruit, except the
largest growers, who And a great benefit from
it, having a better quality of apples and
fewer wormy ones. When I said that about
two-thirds of them sprayed their trees, it was
on account of the San Jos£ scale, which is
very bad in this section, and I think those
who neglect it in a few years will not need
to spray, as they will not have any trees.
This seems to be at present the worst en¬
emy the fruit grower has to combat. This
is one of the greatest fruit sections on the
Hudson, Including strawberries, currants
raspberries and all other small fruits, which
are shipped to New York principally There
are very few orchards of Bartlett pear trees
in this section at present that are any good.
The Winter of 1804 and the psylla killed
thousands of Bartlett trees. Farming in
this section is a back number. c. it. ii.

Germantown, N. Y.

Bowker’s

Insecticides

are cheapest

they are reacly t0 use by adding
water ; they do not waste time in mix¬
ing, nor in clearing clogged nozzles ; they adhere to the
foliage in spite of heavy rains, making repeated spray¬
ings often unnecessary, except to protect new growth ;
most important of all, however, they do the work, and
they work night and day. Many of them are made
upon government formulas, and all have the unquali¬
fied endorsement of practical men and experiment
station officials.

Disparene

is the only insecticide made
that will destroy both broods
of the codling-moth (see booklet). Enough for a large
orchard, $4.25. Smaller quantities, $1 and 50 cents.

Our large handbook of insect pests and plant diseases is well
worth 50 cents, but we mail it to all interested parties FREE

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

C. C. Brown Co.

6 rows at a time, any
wUth, with

Rcnu/n’o traction

DrUWn S COMPRESS E

AIR SPRAYER.

Constant pressure up to 150 lbs
Power costs noth! ng. 100 gal
Ion cypress tank, all bras
pump. Pcrftotly adapted also to 01
chard work. We are the largest mar
ufacturerfl of apray pumpa in th
world, hand and power, including th
fainoui ‘•Auto-Spray.'*

Send for Catalogue.

268 State St.. Rochester, N.Y

“FUMA”

kills Prairie. Dogs,
' Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
‘The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.’' 80 the weevil, but you can stop

"Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”.'S°S

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

The Perfection Sprayer

Sprays Every thing— Trees, potatoes, etc. Fur¬
nished complete with Cart and Barrel. Combined
hand and horse power. Don’t buy until you get my
catalogue, FREE.

Thomas Peppier, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J.

CIDER °« WINE*,

^MORE
GOOD

can be made from a given amount of
apples or grapes with one of our
presses than with any other.

The juice will be purer and
bring higher prices, while
the extra yield soon pays
for the press. We make

HYDRAULIC E.,

in all eltea, hand or power. 25 “
to 800 barrels per daj. Also
Gasoline A Steam Engines, Boil¬
ers, Saw-Mills, Steam Evapora¬
tors. Apple-butter Cookers, etc. —

Fully guaranteed. Catalog FREE. -

TheHydraulicPressMfo.Co. ^

12 Main Street, Mt. Gilead, Ohio
^ or Room 124-F, 30 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.

WITH THE

EMPIRE KING.

The only hand pump having- a me¬
chanical automatic agitator with a
brush for keeping the suction strainer
clean. Also the Garfield Knapsack and
Orchard Monarch. Can furnish the New
Process Lime, which requires no slack¬
ing or atraining. Valuable book free. Mo
“swindled feeling" 1 f you use our pumps.
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.(

Si I 1th St. » Elmira, N. V,

HOOVER Potato Digger

A Satisfactory Digger

and'guaranteed f ^ The Hoover-Prout Co.

in every way. # _ Avery, Ohio.

Catalog free.

MontlAn tVilii

>

“Lightning” White-
Wash Sprayer No. 28

White-wash your poultry-houses and stables.
Kills lice and vermin. Easy to operate. Sprays
white-wash rapidly. Impossible to clog. Also
for spraying trees, washing wagons, etc.
Double action pump, will spray 3U ft. high,
has 3 1-2 feet heavy hose, extension-rod, brass
nozzles, steel stirrup, ball valves. All brass
pump, $3.50; Galvanized Iron, $2.50. Cash
with order. Express prepaid. Agents wanted.
D# B. Smith & Co., Utica, N.Y.

MAPS, Reports, Descriptive Lists. Prices, Illustrated
Book about Delaware Farms, Cheap Lands. Best
Markets. State Board of Agriculture,

Dover, Delaware

Hammond’s Slug Shot for Potato Bugs, Currant, Cabbage Worms, Etc.

To the Editor op American Gardening:

In your issue of June 18, cn page 399, I uotice a good article on the Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. For
the benefit of your numerous readers I would advise them to try Hammond's Slug Shot. I have used it here
this seaqon witli excellent results, on Potatoes, Egg Plants, Cucumbers and Squash, — for Potato Bugs and also
for Striped Beetles, and it is the best remedy I know of, simple and effective. I purchased two of the Dusters
which he advertised iu your paper, and they are very useful articles. The best time to dust the plants is early
morning, as the substance adli-res much better when tbe dew is on. A light dusting is sufficient, aud woe bet de
the bugs or the larvae. Once they get a taste of it they shrivel up right away.

Sold by Seed Dealers and Merchants all over America. GEORGE STANDEN, Gardener to Col. D. S. Lamont, Millbrook, New York, 1904.

Send for Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights to Bknj. Hammond, Flshkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., for information about solution of Copper, Bordeaux Mixture,

Grape Dust and Cattle Comfort.

Hubbard’s “Black Diamond” Fertilizers

HUBBAHds

Have producea the Record Hay Crops for the past fourteen years. Send for our Free Book,

“HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS FOR 1005 ”

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY,

Middletown, Conn

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4n

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — The farmers in the valley
a few miles away are complaining of dry soil,
and beginning to watch the clouds for rain.
Watching the clouds is much like watching
the clock to see if dinner isn't about ready.
The clock doesn't cook the dinner ! We would
like some rain, but we are not suffering yet.
During the past week Jack and Alex put the
manure around 2,000 or more young trees.
Each received a good coat about as far out
as the branches extend. The trees in the
old field which I know to be sour also received
a big nundful of lime scattered around in
and under the manure. Now then, rain or
no rain, these trees will not suffer. We can
let them alone for a month and then cut the
grass and weeds and pile around the trees.

It was a big and a hard job to haul this
manure up the steep hillsides. In a wet
season I would not have done it but the
chances are that this will be a dry May, and
I intend to hold all the moisture I can around
those young trees. They are shaking them¬
selves and beginning to justify our method of
planting, and they shall have a fair chance.
The grass is backward — these dry cold winds
have kept it down, but the clover grows every
hour. It used to be a great surprise to the
children that the clover should jump up head
and shoulders above the grass in a dry sea¬
son. It was easy to understand it when I
pulled clover and grass up and showed them
how the roots of the former are deep in the
soil, while those of the latter are near the
surface. We know that we always find water
when we dig for it in the earth. The old
well, dug into the rock, went dry in dry
Summers, but our drilled well, more than
twice as deep, never goes dry. The children
see this, and they also see the point when
I pull up one of the Striugfellow root-
pruned trees, and they see the tap roots
going straight down, while the trees planted
with long roots in a big hole have no such
deep rooting. They see this with their own
eyes, and understand it. When I under¬
take to tell them that the years of youth
are like the rooting of a young tree, and
that the habit of digging down into the
root of things will make a man stand up
and grow like the clover in a dry season,
they can't get the truth of it. No one but a
man with his root system well set can ap¬
preciate that at its best, and he will sel¬
dom root-prune his own habits. Philip has
weeded the onions for transplanting. As I
have often stated, the seed is sown thickly
in drills and kept clean of weeds until
the fine for planting. This early weeding
and the labor of setting out the plants is
less than the weeding required for the
drilled onions. Last year we had some
trouble with blight or wilt in the hotbed.
This year Philip took soil from the bottom
of an old manure pile, and mixed it with
ashes and soil from under a big brush
fire This seems to have been just what the
onion plants wanted. In consequence of
the dry weather the rye is shorter than
usual this year, but about May 15 it will
be cut for' borse fodder and the stubble
plowed under for late potatoes. We have
one small field at the lower part of the farm
where potatoes and rye will alternate year
after year, unless there is too much scab.
As soon as the potatoes are dug we seed to
rye. This makes a fair growth and can be
cut the middle of May, and the stubble
plowed for potatoes, using fertilizer on that,
crop. My idea is that a fruit grower or
gardener must crowd his land and, if pos¬
sible, make it produce money crops and also
a share of his stock food. I hope things
(I will not now say (/real) from the Alfalfa.
The stand is thickening up every day. but the
little plants which have started this year
are light-colored. They need moisture— and
probably nitrogen. The larger plants could
hardly be better — dark green in color and
with the roots well covered with nodules.

Fruit Matters. — I could not ask for a
better start with the fruit. The older aj>-
ple trees are covered with bloom, and the
older peach trees have set a fair quantity
of fruit. The pears are well loaded, and
the cherries had just the right sort of wea-.
ther at blooming time. So far as I can '
see we did not lose a single strawberry
plant in setting this Spring, and the Mar¬
shalls look as though they are prepared to
give a load of fruit. Of course we need
moisture, but if we don't get rain we will
do the best we can with cultivation and
mulch. I have bought sulphate of copper
and Paris-green, and as soon as the blos¬
soms fall and the little apples begin to
turn down we will put the spray on the
apple trees. This Is a job that nobody at
Hope Farm hankers after, but it must be
done if we are to have good fruit to sell.
Four years ago we top-worked a number
of seedling apple trees with such varieties
as Grimes Golden. Ensee and other good
ones. They gave a few apples the second
year after grafting, more last year, and this
year there is nearly a full bloom. In some
cases the old tree was cut off at the main
stem, while in others half was taken at a
time. I have been skeptical about the wis¬
dom of trying to save these old trees, but
these promise so well that I feel inclined
to try others. The orchard where the hogs
have run for the last two years is a mar¬
vel for vigor. 'I he more T see of the work
of the hog in a high-headed orchard the
more I think of the hog. I doubt the wis¬
dom of putting hogs in a young or low¬
headed orchard, and I know it will not pay
to put them in any orchard and starve them,
keep them from water or not supply them
with wood ashes or bone.

Hex Notes. — As nearly as I can figure
our hens have earned about $1.15 each since
•Tan. 1. This includes eggs sold, chicks
batched, eggs eaten and two roosters eaten.
I expect them to double that record before
the year is out. The cost of feeding a ben
one year will run from 80 cents to a dollar.
Emnia gave our hen department a good
start, and we shall develop it. We have
about 75 little chicks out, with several hens

and the incubator still to talk up. Jack
has fenced off a good slice of the orchard
near the house, and the hens run in this
large yard. Our flock is a mixture of White
Leghorn and White Wyandotte. The Leg¬
horns are the better layers, but the Wyan-
dottes are more contented, stay inside a low
fence and are excellent sitters. Jack is try¬
ing some eggs of Brown Leghorn. The
Browns seem to be hardier than the Whites,
better mothers and broilers, and as good
or better layers, though the eggs are smaller.
We have room at Hope Farm for a good
flock of 300 hens if they can be well cared
for. We have used a good many eggs from
our own llock for hatching. The (lock is
mixed, yet the best of the hens are good
layers. Out of 20 eggs two hens hatched
24 chicks, which tells the story of vitality
in italics. A big black and white rooster
appeared with the flock one day and went
into the yard with the hens. I do not
know where he came from, or why he de¬
serted his former family, but he whipped all
our roosters until they ran for cover. While
I am a man of peace, I must admit that
such spirit is good in the pedigree of chick¬
ens. I want some of that old fellow’s daugh¬
ters for next year's laying hens. 1 can stand
their color if they carry his hustling quali¬
ties. Jack and I have thought of starting a
small flock of turkeys. Eggs for batching
cost 35 and 40 cents each ! We have de¬
cided to buy young birds, letting some one
else do the hatching.

Lazy Max’s Orchardixg. — A Massachu¬
setts man. asks this question :

“I have an orchard of apple, pear and

peach trees, set three years ago. Will you
tell me how to keep the trees growing to
the best advantage, with the minimum
amount of labor and fertilizer? I do not
wish to plant the land. w. c. c.”

I head this “lazy man’s orcharding" be¬
cause my own plan has been so called. A
young tree will not make good growth un¬
less it is well fed, kept free of grass close
around the trunk, well supplied with mois¬
ture, and the roots so placed that they
obtain a fair supply of air. Thorough culti¬
vation. where (he upper soil is kept con¬

stantly stirred, with the use of fertilizers or
manure, supplies all these conditions — some
of them, as I think, to excess. It is not
possible for all of us to give this thorough
cultivation. I cannot, and it does not follow
that one is lazy if he finds it better econ¬
omy to hunt tip a substitute for this con¬
stant culture. I should want to start first

with close root-pruned trees, and plant them
in small holes. I feel very sure that this
gives me a tree better able to withstand
drought, because it has a deeper rooting sys¬
tem. The chief object of cultivation is to
prevent the escape of moisture — the culti¬
vated part of the upper soij acting as a
“dust mulch" to prevent the evaporation
of water. In my own experience a “mulch’’
on top of the ground is practically as useful
for this purpose as the cultivated soil. By a
mulch I mean any material, such as hay.
straw, manure, brush, even old boards or
paper that will shade the soil and not per¬
mit the soil moisture to pass through it.

I have put pieces of old carpet or fertilizer
sacks on the ground around young trees,
thrown dirt over them to hold them down,
and thus kept the soil cool and moist all
through the Summer. It is much less labor
to put a good mulch around the young tree
and let it stay there than to cultivate five
or -six times during the season. We have
just finished an orchard of about 400 peach
trees set last year in sod. Each tree had
about 15 pounds of good manure put around
the base on top of the old last year’s mulch.
Nothing else will be done to that orchard
until the grass is about 15 inches high.
Then it will be cut with the mower, part
thrown around the trees, and the rest left
on the ground. If at this time the trees
seem to be growing too fast we shall scat¬
ter around each one a little over a pound
of a mixture of three parts acid phosphate
and one part muriate of potash. The grass
will be cut three times or more. We hap¬
pened have the manure this year. If we
had not had it we should have hoed out a
circle about two feet in diameter about, each
tree, and used 1 V> pound of some good
fertilizer containing nitrogen. As the grass
grew, it would lie cut and piled around the
tree. The object of the hoeing is to keep the
grass from growing close to the trunk. With
this early cleaning, a fair amount of solu¬
ble fertilizer scattered out as far as the
branches extend, and the soil about them
shaded by a good mulch, your trees will make
a fair growth. Of course pruning and spray¬
ing will cost as much with the mulched
trees as with the others, but I have found
that a good man with hoe and scythe used
at just the right time will prettv nearly take
the place of a team of horses In caring for
an orchard ! it. w. c.

man who appreciates wearing
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It not found do not accept some
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Widows’ and orphans’ and poor
people’s money is sacred. It must
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Send for booklet H, which ex¬
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TRUST COMPANY pays 4
per cent on savings deposits and
how you can Bank by Mail.

Be Sure of Your Bank

Assets, $26,000,000
49,000 individual depositors
Dollar deposits welcome.

Zbe

Clevelanb
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CLEVELAND OHIO

25c. can Pratts Powdered Lice
Killer saved $5.00 in fowls.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

p|S8

nr

GOOD POTATOES '
BRING FANCY PRICES

To grow a large crop of good potatoes, the
soil must contain plenty of Potash.

Tomatoes, melons, cabbage, turnips, lettuce
—in fact, all vegetables remove large quanti¬
ties of Potash from the soil. Supply

Potash

\

liberally by the use of fertilizers containing
not less than 10 per cent, actual Potash.
Better and more profitable yields are sure to
follow.

Our pamphlets are not advertising circulars
booming special fertilizers, but contain valu¬
able information to farmers. Sent free for the
asking. Write now.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York.

PIDER

V j Can be r
^ w right kinc

MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.
WE HAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 Wett Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

A LOST COW . G3

That can never happen where the
cows wear our patented

Swiss Cow Bells

Wade from finest quality of Swiss
Bell Metal, they are light but
strong and lasting. Musical in tone, t
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Mado in 8 atzea. Circulars on Cow, Sheep and Turkey Bella Free.

Bevin Bros. lYlfg. Co., East Hampton, Conn.

IT SAVES TROUBLE

and annoyance many times to have

ABSORB INE

handy in case of a Bruise or
Strain. This remedy is rapid
to cure, pleasant to use, and
you can work the horse. No
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ABSORBINE cures
Lameness, allays pain, re¬
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livered or of regular deal¬
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ABSORBINE, JR., for
mankind, $1.00 Bottle. Cures Badly Strained
Joints or Ligaments. Kills Pain.

W. F, YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass.

aj intr

50HETIMES

ARE

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Registered Trade Mark

SFA.VIRT CTJUE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
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“Save- the- Horse” permanently
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{be. OO per botile wllb written guarantee,
WV Send for copy, alao booklet end acorea of
letters oil every kind of cuae and lameness. De-
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At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Riugharutou, n.y.

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
cation. Robt. C. Reeves Co., 187 Water St., N.Y. City.

$100 REWARD

for any case of colic, curb,
splints, contracted or knotted
cords, recent shoe boils, splints
or callous that cannot be per¬
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if directions are followed, by

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It relieves and cures Spavins, Ring Bono. Cockle Joints,
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Beware of all other Elixirs. Tuttle's is the only genuine
Avoid all blisters; they are only temporary relief.

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Saw Mills

^ From 4 h.p. size to largest made. Favor¬
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Saws, Shingle and Lath Mills, etc. Catalog Tree.

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DcIjOACH -PA.T

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
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k, Planing, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hay
.Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
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NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will
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plow a new

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Send stamp for “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

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412

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 20,

The Rural New-Yorker

TllE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Hehbbkt w. Colling wood, Editor.

Da. Walter Van Fleet, (Alte
Muh. K. T. Koylb, ( Associates

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 % marks, or 10% francs.

stations to take tip. Now they are changing their minds,
and if they will keep at the subject and stick to this one
point, we shall, within a reasonable time, be able to
buy our wire on a guarantee somewhat like that given
for fertilizers and feed. Denunciations of the steel
trust and general complaints about wire may make a
loud noise, but that is about the extent of their execu¬
tion. We shall not be able to buy satisfactory wire
until we know just what such wire is. The chemists
employed by the Government are the people to tell us
about this. Let us all keep at them until they tell.

*

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we lie responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of 1 lie complaint must lie sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing 1 lie adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MAY 20, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents fpr strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

In addition to the common methods of soaking seed
potatoes to prevent scab, fumigation is now suggested.
This is done by means of formaldehyde gas. Sulphur
was tried, but not found useful. To produce the gas,
formalin is used ; the same substance that is used in
soaking. The potatoes are put in an airtight room and
three pints of formalin for each 1,000 cubic feet of space
are required. Four times as much water is added, and
the solution is put in pans or kettles over a stove in the
middle of the room. Enough fuel is left in the stove
to evaporate the water. The room is shut tight and
kept closed for 24 hours. The evaporation generates
the gas, which penetrates all through the piles of pota¬
toes. As a result of a number of trials at the Vermont
Experiment Station it was found that this fumigation
was just as effective as soaking. It would he easier for
some people. There are formaldehyde candles made
that would answer the purpose.

*

There are many spraying reports like the following:

But very few around here practice spraying of orchards.
While nearly every farm has a small orchard, it is a sec¬
ondary affair, and valued chiefly as a home supply. Many
who believe in it theoretically do not get around to prac¬
tice it on account of pressure of other work, scarcity of
help, etc.

All such reports indicate, what many growers claim,
that the future of fruit growing is in the hands of those
who will make a business of spraying. There can he no
doubt of the fact that the San Jose scale and other in¬
sects are sure to increase in numbers and power for
mischief. It must be a constant warfare against them,
and those fruit growers who will not or cannot spray
will be eventually driven out of business. This is hard,
but it is evidently true. In the face of this fact many
peach growers are going ahead hopefully with new or¬
chards. The confidence they have in their ability to
master the scale by the use of lime, sulphur and salt
is impressive.

*

We are glad to see the Ohio Farmer get on the right
cide of the wire question. It prints some excellent
letters from readers, and then says, among other things .

The galvanizing is a sham and soon wears off. Some¬
thing should lie done to protect farmers in this matter.
Fence wire should last 25 years at least, and if properly
galvanized it will. It is too great a tax on the farm to lie
compelled to re-fence every 8 or 10 years. Woven wire
fence manufacturers are not to blame, generally, as they
purchase their wire from manufacturers. Wire is all made
and controlled, substantially, by the great steel and wire
trust, and. as one dealer expressed it to ns recently, it is
made to sell, and to meet the universal demand for cheap
material, I. e., cheap in price. The manufacturer who will
put out a fence guaranteed to last 25 years, at a reason-
aide price, can do a lively business. It would be well for
the State to fix a standard for this material and require all
manufacturers to come up to it.

What we mean by getting on the right side is the
statement made in the last sentence. When The R.
N.-Y. first began to urge the experiment stations to in¬
vestigate wire and give the public a standard to be
used in buying the farm papers seemed to be badly
shocked. They seemed to think s"ch a thing was im¬
possible or unnecessary, or else not fair work for the

Connecticut farmers were not interested in sending
a man of their own occupation to the United States Sen¬
ate. The contest came down to a battle between two
machines or elements of the dominant party. We heard
the statement from farmers themselves that there is no
good reason why a fanner should be sent to Washing¬
ton. “A lawyer will do the State, or even agriculture,
more good than any farmer could !” We do not agree
with any such sentiment. To :end a well-known farmer
to the Senate because lie is worthy of the honor would
dignify New' England agriculture, and call attention to
it as a business. Why not let the public know that
law'yers and managers of great business enterprises do
not have a complete monopoly of the Senate? The
farmers of Connecticut would have occupied a strong
position if they had kept away from the political ma¬
chines and supported an independent man like J. II.
Hale. They had a chance to do so.

*

The Treasury Department has been making another
of those vividly illuminating decisions that shed light
on life’s pathway, and add new gaiety to the monotony
of existence. It has just decided that while live rabbits
are just plain rabbits, they are translated by death to
a higher sphere, and become venison. Instructions were
recently sent to the collector at Bangor, Me., to apply
this new classification. For a long time %he has been
classifying dead rabbits as “non-enumerated unmanu¬
factured articles,” but he know's better now. It is re¬
ported that the giant intellect that decided frogs’ legs
to be dressed poultry for tariff purposes has now
changed this ruling to “non-enumerated unmanufactured
articles,” so perhaps we may later see deceased rabbits
put in the poultry class. These famous decisions are a
trifle disquieting to the timid consumer; they recall
Sam Weller’s criticism of the veal-and-ham pie :
“Werrv good if you knows the lady as made it, and is
sure it ain’t kittens.”

*

We have given facts about ginseng culture. It is pos¬
sible to grow the root under cultivation. For many
years it was claimed that this could not be done. The
root has no more medical virtue than horse chestnuts.
The Chinese buy the wild root because they have a
superstition that it contains special powers of healing.
They refuse to buy the cultivated roots. Commission
men tell us that they cannot sell the cultivated root.
Now', in the face of these facts what do the ginseng
boomers say? About all we have noticed from them is
the claim that the roots which were rejected by the
commission men “were not properly grown.” As we
understand it, the Chinese refuse to buy the cultivated
roots simply because they are not wild. This is much
on the same principle that some Chinese believe that
by eating a piece of lion’s heart they will acquire great
courage. The heart of an ox would not satisfy them.
We have no wish to injure any legitimate business. If
those who have ginseng gardens care to develop the
roots and take the risk of sale they are at liberty to
do so. We object to their selling seeds and plants at
a high figure to those who do not realize what the out¬
come will be.

*

T he Outlook gives an interesting account of the way
the Kansas Legislature was induced to vote for a State
oil refinery. For years the Standard Oil Company had
been securing control of the Kansas oil fields. How
this w'as done is too long a story to tell here. The few
independent oil producers saw ruin staring them in the
face, while the people of Kansas saw a monopoly ready
to seize their last right. The only w'ay out seemed a
plan for the State to equip a refining plant and go into
the oil business. The Standard Oil Company saw the
danger to its business in such a plan, and is said to have
sent its strongest men to Topeka in order to influence
the Legislature. Left to themselves, the members of
the Legislature would not have passed the necessary
bills. Those who wanted the State refinery knew that
they must go to a higher power than the Legislature,
and they wisely went to the Kansas farmers. Thou¬
sands of names of farmers were obtained. The rural
free delivery took letters and circulars to them, plainly
stating the situation and the need of the hour. Snow
kept the farmers at home just then, and they had ample
time to study the situation. The result was that a flood
of letters began pouring in upon the State House, and

delegations of farmers went to Topeka to stiffen up
their representatives. In a short time those who op¬
posed the bills or were indifferent were driven into line.
They did not dare stand before such an outpouring of
public sentiment. We shall all wratch the outcome- of
this experiment in public oil refining with interest. The
greatest lesson of it all is the fact that public men can
be made to understand that they are servants, and not
the masters of the people. We venture to say that there
is no man to-day in public life who would refuse to
carry out the bidding of those who elected him. Let
him understand that there really is a sincere and clearly
defined desire for certain legislation and he will recog¬
nize it. What the farmers of this country need is the
faith to understand that they can have their way in an
honest cause if they will only use their power. As an
example, let us take the present demand for a parcels
post. Last week we printed a tale of woe such as we
often hear. No use sticking postage stamps on the
Hon. Thomas C. Platt, they say; he is too large a man
to care for them. Suppose the people of Kansas had
become frightened at the difference in size between
the Standard Oil Company and a postage stamp ! They
had no such fear, but kept sticking on the stamps until
they stuck the Legislature to its duty. Come, gentle¬
men, the Hon. I homas C. Platt is now in New York.
Keep at him cheerfully and without fear, and make
him understand that in opposing the parcels post lie-
is opposing the farmers of New York, and of the entire
nation ! Put faith on your postage stamps.

*

I he yearly battle over the birds which destroy fruit
will soon be on. In Bulletin 116 of the Kentucky Ex¬
periment Station there is a very clear and interesting
discussion of the matter. 1 he Kentucky law prohibits
the killing of song or insectivorous birds “except where
the same shall be destructive to the fruit or grain crops.”
This is practically the same as the law in Delaware
and some other States. It permits a man to defend his
property, and that privilege is what the New Jersey
fruit growers asked for. Prof. Garman has made some
examination of birds that were accused of eating fruit.
They were shot in a vineyard. Fifty per cent of the
contents of one robin’s stomach was found to be the
skins and seeds of grapes. With another robin this
proportion was 80 per cent. The proportion of fruit in
a catbird’s stomach was 90 per cent, and of a mocking¬
bird 60 per cent. 1 hese birds were caught in the very
act, and practical fruit growers will accept such figures
as proving what they have often claimed — that during
the fruit season many birds live almost entirely upon
fruit. It is not denied that these birds also destroy
insects, especially before the fruiting season, but they
feed upon insect friends as well as foes. In States
where the law protects birds they have rapidly in¬
creased, yet in those very sections insects have also
increased, and spraying is more necessary than ever.
The following statement by Prof. Garman seems to us
entirely fair:

In view of the present Impossibility of saying that cer¬
tain of our fruit-eating birds, such as the robin, catbird,
and mockingbird, are on the whole injurious or beneficial,
it seems wise to give them the benefit of the doubt, and
keep them with us at least until we have evidence suffi¬
cient to convict, giving farmers and fruit growers at the
same time the privilege of protecting their fruit with the
shotgun from such feathered marauders as may become too
troublesome.

BREVITIES.

Watch the horses' feet.

A barb we do not rue is rhubarb.

Among other things we need rain at this end of the
country.

Children are like milk — they will absorb the flavor of
their associates.

It’s too early to “Judge the fruit crop" yet, but the
buyers have already begun to talk about the largest crop
ever known.

We are surprised at Ihe many letters expressing approval
of the recent articles on bathroom fixtures. It seems to be
one of the most popular tilings we have recently discussed.

We are beginning to receive reports from those who have
used the dust spray — that is, a cloud of dust blown against
the tree in place of a fine liquid. Many reports are favor-
aide.

Here is n sample report: “The Philadelphia rose received
dormant last Christmas week was potted and lias been in
ordinary living rooms since and lias grown several shoots
26 inches long and still at it. We are gradually hardening
it preparatory to setting outdoors."

The people who advertise the “cultures" for sale could
tell some strange stories. People call for “cultures" for
all sorts of plants, forgetting t hat only the pod-bearing
plants are helped. One advertiser writes : “We have been
asked to furnish cultures for nearly everything but the Ben
Davis apple; one man even asked for cultures for Johnson
grass."

It has been found at the Vermont Experiment Station that
when rhubarb roots are dug in the Fall for Winter forcing
the use of ether quickens tlieir growth. The roots were
put in an air-tight box and subjected for 48 hours to the
fumes of ether. This gave a gain in some cases of nearly
50 per cent in weight of crop. While 'ether puts a man to
sleep it wakes up his rhubarb.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4i3

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. August Lent h must' servo 10 years for one
of the most remarkable crimes iu the annals of Iowa as
a result of (lie affirmation of his sentence by the Supreme
Court at Dos Moines May 2. lie was convicted on a charge
of kidnapping a wealthy farmer and his wife and secret¬
ing the woman in an abandoned schoolhouse near Tipton,
while ho sent the farmer back to the bank for a ransom
of $50,000. The woman escaped and her husband returned
with a sheriff's posse. . . . Wisconsin has just passed a

law which prohibits the manufacture or sale of firecrackers
more than five inches in length and five-eighths of an inch
iu diameter. it also forbids t lie use of any explosive in
crackers except ordinary gunpowder. The penalty for vio¬
lation of the law is severe, being a line of from $50 to $100
or imprisonment of from six months to a year, or both fine
and imprisonment. ... A decision which will result
iu the completion of hundreds of drainage ditch enterprises
in Iowa was handed down May 4 by Judge Gaynor of the
District Court, who declared the new Iowa ditch law to be
constitutional. It is expected work will lfe begun on the
Monona- Harrison ditch, which calls for the expenditure of
$.‘{00,000 and will drain some hundreds of thousands of
acres. . . . Three hundred and six indictments have
been found by the United States Grand Jury at Jackson, Miss.,
against the whitecappers in Franklin County. There were
fiied previously fifteen indictments. In all of which the
prisoners were found guilty, and it is understood that there
are between 25 and .‘{0 more indictments still to be found.
It is admitted by all that the energetic course of Gov.
Yardaman in dealing with whltecapism in southern Mis-
sisippi has broken up the lawlessness prevailing there. The
whitecappers voted almost unanimously for Vardanian, be¬
lieving that because of his extreme views on the negro
question lie would not interfere with them. He announced
in his inaugural speech his intention to break up lawless¬
ness of all kinds, and especially that directed against the
negro. . . . Judge Hunt, in Federal Court at Helena, Mont.,
May 0, Issued an order directing the Anaconda Copper Com¬
pany and the Washoe Company, which operate the largest
smelter in the world at Anaconda, to appear before him there
on June 5 and show cause why the smelter should not lie de¬
clared a nuisance in accordance with the petition tiled by
counsel for 54 ranchers in Deer Lodge Valley, who assert
that their ranches, worth $200,000,000, have been rendered
worthless because of t lie arsenical and sulphurous fumes
emitted by the smokestack of the smelters. Only a year
ago the smelter company erected a new stack in the belief
that its height would enable currents of air to carry away
tiie obnoxious gases. The ranchers in their petition assert
that it has proved a failure. . . . Reports from various

points in Indian Territory say that a number of persons
were killed and many Injured in a fierce storm which swept
over the territory May 5. There was much prooertv dam¬
age. At Owl, twenty-five miles southwest of South McAl-
ester, eight persons are said to have been killed and a
dozen Injured. In the central and northern part of the
Territory the worst rainstorm in years was experienced.
Crops were ruined and many homes in the low-lying coun¬
try were flooded, their occupants fleeing to the hills. .

The Delaware and Hudson Company, the International Puln
and Paper Company and t lie Santa Clara Paper Company
have adopted the system on. reforestation, witli which New
York State, under the direction of Col. William F. Cox, has
been experimenting for several years, tin . nave taken steps
to plant many thousands of young trees on timber land
which these corporations own in Franklin and St. Law¬
rence Counties. Several hundred trees have been Imported
from Germany for tills purpose. . . . May 8 three men

were fatally hurt and many others Injured in the Chicago
strike riots. Big stores had many employees sworn In as
deputy sheriffs, to aid In the protection of their wagons.
No more negroes are being imported to take the place of
strikers. May 9 there were numerous clashes In the
streets between non-union men and the police and union
teamsters, who attempted to block the passage of the
wagons of the Employers’ Teaming Company. There were
also a number of attacks made on non union men by work¬
men in buildings, who pelted them with all sorts of mis¬
siles from a safe distance. Coal teamsters in the business
part of the city were the especial objects of attack by work¬
men. As soon as they were discovered missiles of all sorts
were showered upon them, and In several Instances It was
necessarv for the wagon guards and the police to send a
volley of bullets toward the windows. Nobody, however,
was shot. The taking of evidence relative to the granting
of the injunctions issued temporarily by the United States
Circuit Court in favor of the Employers’ Association and
the seven express companies commenced May 0 before 'Mas¬
ter in Chancerv Sherman. The first witness was Robert
.1 Thorne, assistant secretary of Montgomery Ward & Co.
He described the opening of the garment workers’ strike,
which was the original cause of the present trouble, and
told of the boycott which had been placed against his firm
and of numerous assaults on teamsters and others, com¬
mitted almost at the doors of the Ward & Co. building,
lie was interrupted repeatedly throughout his testimony by
the attorneys for the labor men. who objected to his an¬
swers on the ground that mobs and riots had nothing to do
with the defendants in these cases. . . . The Ontario

Government has refused to ratify the agreement between
the Electrical Development Company and the Niagara Falls
i»ark Commission, by which t lie company was to be allowed

to develop an extra 125,000 liorsepower at Niagara Falls.
The company already has an agreement permitting it to de¬
velop 125,000 horsepower, but it was found that there was
sufficient water available to develop twice that quantity, in
Parliament, May 0, Adam Beck said that no further Indus
trial inroads on Niagara’s beauty or further diversion of
water, would be allowed until a royal commission, which is to
be appointed, had gone thoroughly into ae cpiestion of what
power was available. . . . Goodwin & Co., or John D.

Goodwin & Co., with offices at No. 1,135 Broadway, New
York, and the Dexter Building, Chicago, who offered Its cli¬
ents 6 per cent profits weekly on all the real money they
cared to Intrust to the obliging gentlemen constituting the
concern, have been denied the use of the mails under a fraud
order issued May 9. The advertisements, which were in¬
serted in a number of small country papers, spoke encourag¬
ingly, but vaguely, of a string of “winning race horses,” of
tremendous profits made of bookmaking and urged prospec¬
tive investors to hustle their money into the Goodwin till
before the scintillating opportunity was gone forever. Post-
office inspectors who called at the Broadway "office" failed
to find Goodwin & Co. A man named Canfield called for
the Goodwin mail occasionally, but had not been seen re¬
cently. The plan is practically the same, the Assistant At¬
torney General for the l’ostoflice Department says, as that
so profitably employed by Arnold & Co. and John J. Ryan
in the earlier days of t lie get-rieh-qulek investment com¬
panies. ... A tornado wrecked part of Marquette,
Kan., May 9, and did great damage to t lie surrounding
country. Twenty-six persons were killed and 44 injured.
The tornado struck the southern end of the 'town and cut
a clean swath 100 yards In width through its entire length.
Coming, as It did, in the night, the people were caught
Without a moment’s warning. A sultry day, followed by
a heavy rainstorm, preceded the wind. The tornado seems
to have formed three miles west of town. It wrought its
terrible havoc within a few minutes, and, continuing on
into the farming country to t lie north, caused further
damage there.

FARM AND GARDEN.— The U. S. Civil Service Commis¬
sion announces an examination on May 24, to secure eli-
gibles from which to make certification to fill a vacancy
in the position of gardener, experienced in growing plants
under glass, at $780 per annum, in the Bureau of Plant
Industry, Department of Agriculture, and vacancies as
they may occur in any branch of the service requiring simi¬
lar qualifications. Only persons who are thoroughly experi¬
enced in handling plants under glass should apply for this
examination. The examination will consist of the subjects
mentioned below, weighted as indicated Age, 20: physical
condition. 20; experience, 60. Age limit, 20 years or over.
This examination is open to all citizens of the United
States who comply with the requirements. Applicants
should at once apply to the United States Givi I Service
Commission. Washington. D. G., for the application form
1093. No application will be accepted unless properly exe¬
cuted and filed, in complete form, with the commission at
Washington prior to the hour of closing business on May 24,
1905. In applying for tills examination the exact title
should lie used.

To relieve the scarcity of farm laborers which has grown
to lie one of the severest handicaps with which the far¬
mers of the State have to contend. Commissioner Wiettng.
of the New York Department of Agriculture, is arranging
to carry out a plan authorized by a 1)111 passed by the last
Legislature and just signed by the Governor. For many
years the department lias observed that foreign farm hands
and small farmers seldom settle in the East, but travel
straight through to the West. In former years the great in
ducements there were Government farm homesteads, but
now that such lands are almost entirely settled, an effort
will be made to bring these desirable immigrants to New
York State. The Department of Agriculture considers Hint
this may be accomplished best by spreading information
of the farm and dairy advantages which New York offers,
and t lie new law authorizes the Commissioner to collect
such information through town authorities and disseminate
it as he sees fit. The law makes the expense of furnishing
such statistics a town charge, while an Item In the general
appropriation bill, now awaiting t lie Governor's approval,
provides for the cost of spreading the Information.

TRANSPORTATION ABUSES IN MICHIGAN.

That the fruit growers of Michigan are suffering a “hold¬
up” at the hands of the Armours and their “private car
line” system no one will doubt after reading the following.
The first refrigerator car, fruit laden, to leave Michigan was
sent out in 1893. Initial icing was paid for by shipper and
re-icing was charged for by the ton at stations where
needed. This arrangement was carried on for three years.
For the following two years, 1897-8, the Michigan Central
Railroad furnished the initial icing free, and only charged
shipper for re-iclng as necessity demanded. In 1899-1900
a charge of $6 per car was made for initial ice, and for
the vears 1901-1902 this price was raised to $10 per car,
with re-icing at stations where needed charged for by the
ton, Now notice the difference: The Armour contract
was entered into with the Michigan Central Railroad In the
year 1903. This contract bound the rallronds to use no
other refrigerator cars than the Armours, even liar-
ring them from the right to use their own: and from the
date of contract shippers were confronted by a well planned
monopoly. Rates for initial Icing of cars were suddenly
raised from $10 per car, -as under the railroad schedule, to

$25 under the Armour contract. This was for the short
haul from South Haven, Mich., to Chicago, or a distance
of 130 miles. When it is understood that there would be
no need of re icing in this distance the exorbitant differ¬
ence in the two systems is plainly seen. For Mississippi
points the rate is $37.50, and points beyond are from $40
lo $50. while points east are as follows: Pittsburg, $35;
Philadelphia, $50; New York City, $55.

Armour claims to guarantee perfect refrigeration to des¬
tination under their contract, thereby relieving the railroad
company of all responsibility in case of damaged fruit iu
course of transit through lack of proper refrigeration, but
not for delays in transit; and right at this point is where
the shipper often loses track of his profits, as no one is
ready to shoulder the blame in case of damage. The Armour
cars have tankage for from 8,000 to 10,000 pounds of ice,
or one-half ton : which is charged up to the shipper, if
sending car to Chicago, at the rale of $50 per ton, this
being an excess over former charges made by the Michigan
Central Railroad of about $12 per ton. Present conditions
are as given above, with the exception that recent: press
reports are to the effect that the Michigan Central people
have refused to contract with the Armours for 1905, and
that they will build their own refrigerator cars to be used
in the Michigan fruit belt. The Pere Marquette system
will stay with the Armours; thus, a warm Summer is ex¬
pected in the Michigan fruit region. E. r.. k.

THE GOVERNMENT AND NIT RO -CULTURE.

In the National Stockman Alva Agee gives a very clear
and useful statement about “nilro culture" and the National
Department of Agriculture. As is now pretty well known.
Prof. G. T. Moore, of the Department, devised a method
for keeping the bacteria which work on the roots of legu¬
minous crops and sending them safely through the mails.
In brief, this method is to saturate cotton with the .liquid,
in which the bacteria swarm, and then dry the cotton and
seal it airtight. This is all very simple, but the Depart¬
ment permitted the most extravagant stories to be told
about the “discovery” in magazines and papers. After
creating great interest in the matter the Department stopped
sending free samples of the “cultures,” and private con¬
cerns began offering it for sale. One concern offered enough
of the culture to inoculafe the seed required on an acre for
$2 — another offered much the same for $1.50. We have ex¬
pressed the opinion that the Department should not be ex¬
pected to give such things away except for experimental
purposes. Having demonstrated that the plan of inocula¬
tion is worth trying the Department should leave the busi¬
ness of selling to private parties. What are the cultures
worth? The Virginia Experiment Station offered to send
packets for 25 cents, estimating that this would about pay
the cost. Naturally the price must be higher if the fair
expenses of business and a profit are to lie added. From
the results we have obtained with the cultures we were
well satisfied to pay $1.50 for the material for one acre.
The only semblance of success we have had In seeding
Alfalfa 1ms been where we used the cultures. Where far¬
mers buy soil for inoculation they usually put on 300
pounds to the acre — the average price being $3, with freight
added. For a fair experiment at the hands of a man who
knows what he is doing we do not consider the advertised
price excessive. The trouble is that the Department has
permitted wild, if not absurd, stories about the value of
these “cultures" to be printed, and this is leading many
astray. The It. N.-Y. has, again and again, pointed out tb«
limitations of this method of inoculation and the condition!
under which It will surely fall. it is, however, impossible
to talk moderation In the face of such enthusiastic stories
as t he Department lias permitted to get into print. We
know that at least one company offering the cultures has
honestly tried to set people right, though it has had a
chance to sell “bacteria" for roses, Chrysanthemums, Tim¬
othy and corn! It seems to us that Mr. Agee makes it
very clear that the Department is responsible for much of
the misunderstanding about these “cultures.” It is claimed
that the Department has tried to glorify itself in order to
influence appropriations and secure public recognition.
There is no evidence of any sort that anyone at Washing¬
ton has profited by the sale of “nitro-euiture.” Our own
experience justifies us In advising renders to experiment
with the cultures in a conservative way. It is a nice ques¬
tion as to whether the Department should decide that the
retail price is too high and give awa.v the cultures in order
to compel a cheaper price. That would establish a prece¬
dent. that would lead the Government into trouble with a
number of monopolies. It is useless to conceal t lie fact that
th're is bad feeling between the Department of Agriculture
and the experiment stations. Secretary Wilson has been
accused of attempting to magnify the Department at the
expense of the Stations. It is certainly true that whenever
any class of public men become so airy that they fly over
the heads of the common people the time has come for
wing clipping. _

DELAWARE NOTES. — Tt has been very cool here, but is
warmer now. A good deal of corn is planted, about ail ex¬
cept the late crop after Crimson clover. Strawberries, both
newly set beds and old ones, look well. Uotatoes are up and
coming up, and sweet potatoes are being planted. There
are some peaches on old orchards, but very few on young
ones. The latter were in bloom just in time to catch the
frost, while the old ones were past this stage. o. w.

Sussex Co., Del.

WILL YOU DO IT AGAIN?

Buy and eroct a flimsy woven wive fence, when you
can buy the "FROST” at nearly the same price that
will last three times as long? Pay yotir money for a
good article. lt*05 Catalogue free.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO . Cleveland, Ohio.

Wire F once 90 c

4S-in. stock fence per rod only *

Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire,
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

ANCHOR FENCE

means fence satisfac¬
tion. It means a fence
easy to put up, that is
made right and that
lasts, Sold to you at manufac¬
turer’s price. Send to-day for Catalog
ANCHOR FENCE & MEG. CO.. Cleveland. O.

From Furnace to Field

The greatest care is exercised in
the manufacture of Page Fences.
Every furnace charge is tested,
every wire carefully drawn, uu-
nealed and galvanized, every loom
operated by skilled labor und every
piece of fence properly erected.
PAGE WOVEN WTKE FENCE CO.
Bo* 764 ' Adrian, Mich.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting

The distinctive features are—

STRENGTH — Cables of two steel wires twisted together and single wire pickets securely fastened
where tlioy cross by the patented "Union T<ook.r We make our own wire, galvanize it heavily and
weave into fence.

ECONOMY— Top rail and bottom boards are unnecessary, and half the number of posts used for
netting are sufficient. Union Lock Fence (JO inches high, successfully meets all requirements. The
mesh is IH x 3 inches at the bottom and gradually increases to 4 x 3 at the top. This prevents the
escape of chickens large or small.

UTILITY— Union Lock Fence may be stretched tight without buckling or sagging and conforms to the
inequalities of the ground without cutting. May safely be used as light stock fence.

DUKA HI LITY — Testimony of those who have used Union Look Fence proves that it will last longer
and better than any other fence or netting.

Thla Trade Merk in colors appears

on every roll.

‘‘Is Poultry Raising Profitable?” — “The Popular Breeds in
America” — ‘Food and Feeding of Poultry" — “Hatching and
Raising Chicks” — “Poultry Houses" — “A Few Suggestions
About Poultry Fencing” — are the titles of the chapters in the
new and enlarged edition of our booklet D, “A Short Story fo
Poultry Raisers.” It is more than interesting— it is valuable.

We will be pleqsed to tend it to you free vpon request.

UNION FENCE COMPANY,

J14 Liberty St,, New York,

Mills at Now Haven, Ct,, De Kalb., Ill., Oakland, Cal.

RUBEROID

‘ * 'irenep

OOFING

TRAPt MARK RCOliTgtfeP

STANDARD

FOR 14 YEARS

Ruberold was the first weath r-proof and elastic
roofing. placed upon the market, and there is more '4
of it sold to-day than of any other roofing. It is and
has be n for fourteen y ars rnanuf etured • oh ly by
us. It is the only prepared roofing which outlasts
metal and shingles. Positively weather-proof aud fire-
resisting, Any handy man can apply it.

To protect you against imposition by would-be imita¬
tors, we stamp the registered trade mark “HUBEROI l>”
on the unders.de, every four feet. Send for samples
and Booklet “K.”

Have you seen

Ruberoid Red Roofing?

A permanent roofing with a permanent color.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers

100 William Street, N.Y.

4i4

May 20,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

£ Woman and Home

From Day to Day,

PAW.

When biscuits are light and coffee just right,
And the bull purp behaves like a saint,

Paw never is heard a-remarkin' a word,

But my! how he kicks. when they ain't!

When the sun’s shinin' clear and the birds
holler cheer.

And the grass wears a new coat of paint,
Paw will not admit they are purty and tit,

But my ! how he kicks if they ain’t !

And that’s why I say if he tried a new way,

1 wouldn’t make any complaint,

If Paw would just yell when a thing is done
well,

And not say a thing when they ain’t.

— New York Times.

*

Jelly dumplings will vary the desserts,
which grow monotonous when we are
waiting for berries to come in. Make a
batter of three cupfuls of flour, \l/2 cup¬
ful of milk, a tablespoonful of melted but¬
ter and one egg. Roll out an inch thick,
spread with a thin coating of butter and
a thick covering of some sweet jelly; roll
up, pinch the edges tightly together, and
steam from half to three-quarters of an
hour. Serve with any preferred sauce.

*

Late in the season, when even the best
of apples are flat jn taste, two or three
thin slices of lemon, rind and all, added to
an apple pie will improve the flavor won¬
derfully: When fresh green apples are in
again try a German pudding. Pare, core
and slice eight or 10 sour apples and put
in a deep pudding dish, sweetening with
one cupful of sugar, and sprinkling with
a little lemon juice. Pour over them a
rich egg batter, bake in a moderate oven
One hour, and serve cold.

*

At this season, when housecleaning is
in progress, we are usually asked for some
means of combating that most loathsome
of household pests, the bedbug. We have
suggested a number of forms of ammu¬
nition, but a correspondent recommends
a remedy new to us as absolutely sure.
Break or cut up moth balls, put them in
a bottle and dissolve in gasoline. Use
a long-nosed oil can, and inject into all
cracks. Of course a light must not be
brought near this, but it penetrates all
cracks, does not corrode metal, and can
be depended upon.

*

The close little polo turban, pork-pie
hat, as it used to be called in the day of
crinolines, has already secured an amaz¬
ing popularity. It is described by an ob¬
servant man as being made from the
crown of a last year’s hat, with the brim
cut off even, further embellished by a
paintbrush stuck straight up at the side,
but this is a very unsophisticated view.
The 1850 hat, as it is often termed, is
merely a plain round turban, with a flat
crown ; most frequently it is made of
plain straw, trimmed with a flat medallion
of braid and an upstanding huzzar’s
aigrette, which does really* suggest a
paintbrush. Sometimes the crown is of
lace or jetted net, and the side band of
velvet. It is really very becoming to a
wearer blessed with pretty hair, but it
must be avoided by the woman with
straight or “contrary” locks. It is such
a radical change from most of the hats
we have been wearing that it seems more
conspicuous than its modest size would
suggest.

*

This season there are many fashions
just suited to young girls at what we call
the awkward age. The full skirts, puffed
elbow sleeves and Dutch round neck are
all very becoming to unformed figures.
The use of frills and flounces on the skirt
is a great advantage where a last year’s
frock must be lengthened, or a join may
be concealed by the use of nuns’ tucks.
Bretelle or suspender frocks, which are-
now fashionable for grown-ups, are even
more desirable for young girls. The bre-

telles are sometimes made of ribbon,
sometimes of the dress material, in which
case they are more elaborate in shape than
the mere straps, often forming a little
botero. These dresses are a favorite
model, in shot or glace silk, also in linen.
Among walking skirts, kilted pleats seem
to be losing favor somewhat, more irreg¬
ular pleatings of circular cut seeming to
be preferred. In light-weight materials a
pretty skirt is made in very narrow box
pleats; this has 38 gores, and needs very
careful fitting. It must be remembered,
however, that no matter how a skirt is
made it will not “set” right unless the
underskirt beneath is properly fitted.

A Damp Duster.

A damp cloth is very good to dust
with. It removes the dust instead of dis¬
tributing it in other places or causing it
to fly about so as to be breathed by the
person who is dusting. The cloth should
be wrung as dry as possible, and rinsed
often to avoid scratching with the dust it
has gathered. Some very highly polished
and varnished surfaces will not stand this
treatment, but in ordinary living rooms,
where there .is the most dust and where
the furniture has been used a great deal,
the damp dustcloth will be found very
useful.

Dust is very trying to those of asthmatic
or catarrhal tendencies, and everything
should be done to avoid it. Sweeping with
a damp broom is a help. It should be
wetted often and with water enough to
wash off the dust, and shaken, or struck
against a doorstep out of doors so as to
shake off all the surplus water, so that
streaks will not be made on the carpet.
This method of procedure is quite differ¬
ent from that pursued by some people,
who go into a room with a dry broom and
sweep so vigorously that they cannot see
across the room for the dust, and then
after letting the dust settle for a time, go
in with a feather duster or a dry cloth
and stir it up again. s. B. r.

Flower Notes.

When I learn of something new in the
floral line I feel that I am doing other
flower lovers a kindness in “passing it
on.” So with this thought in mind, I am
going to write of my Wistaria. For some
time I have desired one of these attractive
vines, but as the price asked for a single
vine would buy several packages of flower
seeds, 1 have hitherto listed the Wistaria
with other longed-for luxuries. While
admiring the beauty of a vine last Sum¬
mer, with its wealth of lavender-blue
clusters, my friend suggested that I raise
one from seed, as she had known of its
being done. Tips was a new idea to me,
and I gladly accepted her offer of seed in
the Fall. True to her promise, she sent
me three seeds. Early in February these
were sown, and one germinated. It is now
(March 11) a sturdy, thrifty plant, just
putting out its third leaf. It stands nearly
two inches high. There is a peculiar
pleasure to be derived from plants raised
in this way, that a lover of flowers knows
how to appreciate most truly.

Last Spring I ordered seeds of Grevillea
robusta or silk oak. I found the seeds
quick to germinate. I started them in my
seed box last March ; while the plants
have not grown as rapidly as I expected
from the description, I have otherwise no
fault to find. My best specimen is now a
sturdy plant, eight inches in height. The
last week or so it has been responding
nobly to the brightening weather. It
gives every promise of being in a few
months a large, graceful plant. The
leaves are finely cut, fern-like in appear¬
ance. It is as decorative as a palm and
of quicker growth and easier manage¬
ment, two important factors.

I am sure after having enjoyed the

beauty and fragrance of a wallflower
since before Christmas to the present
time, a period of 12 weeks, that others
will be glad to try this plant another Win¬
ter. The plant I have is a profuse bloom¬
er, its yellow blossoms with their exqui¬
site fragrance have brightened many a
stormy day. The wallflower is easily
raised from seed. It is one of the few
plants that do well both as a garden and
pot plant. But it seems to me to be espe¬
cially valuable for window culture, as our
list of yellow flowers for Winter is lim¬
ited. It is easily raised from seed, costing
from three to 10 cents a package.

Last year I started a perennial bed. As
a beginning I had an old bed of the double
fragrant violets. A friend gave me some
roots of that old favorite, Sweet Will¬
iam. I bought a package of the Snowball
daisy. These I started in the house. The
plants are hardy and required but little
care. I had a few blossoms last year, but
this year I am looking forward to large
numbers of white daisies with stems from
five to six inches long. 1 have just or¬
dered a package of the old-fashioned clove
pink, from which I hope to secure a num¬
ber of plants for this bed. Since begin¬
ning this article, a catalogue just received,
offers Wistaria seed at 10 cents a package.
So those desirous of raising n Wistaria
from seed need not wait till the vine of
some friend can supply them.

HELEN C. ANDREWS.

R. N.-Y. — Unfortunately seedling Wis¬
tarias are very leisurely in coming into
bloom. Under the most favorable condi¬
tions flowers can hardly be expected on
this little plant until the third or fourth
year, and it may be as long ^s a fruit tree
is in coming into bearing. Cuttings from
a free-flowering vine bloom early, and
the seedling might be root-grafted like an
apple tree to decided advantage. Cuttings
may also be rooted in sand like those of
any hard-wooded plant. Wistarias vary a
good deal in both color and freedom of
bloom, so that cuttings from a good indi¬
vidual plant give a certainty of result not
possessed by a seedling.

The Bookshelf.

War of the Classes, by Jack London.
This volume of essays conveys the au¬
thor’s views on present social conditions.
It is essentially the personal views of a
young man, presented with the youthful
egotism of one who has not yet learned
to see more than one side, but it will in¬
terest all who are striving for a better un¬
derstanding of latter-day socialism, and
will be found absorbing by those who al¬
ready share Mr. London’s views. It hard¬
ly can be compared with Ghent’s “Our
Benevolent Feudalism” in actual present¬
ment of social conditions. Everything Mr.
London does not like is described as bour¬
geois, which is a little hard on the army
of middle-class workers who, in any. social
ferment, are ground between the upper
and the nether millstone. Published by
the Macmillan Company, New York; price
$1.50 net, postage 10 cents additional.

Cleaning Cloths.' — For a house-clean¬
ing cloth I have found nothing so satis¬
factory as an old piece of shaker flannel
from some wornout undergarment. It is
soft, absorbent and durable. It makes the
cleaning of woodwork a much easier task
than if one uses a hard, stiff cloth. A
little kerosene in the water is much better
to clean paint than is soap. A painter
told me that most people spoiled the looks
of their paint by using too much soap and
washing powder. He said it took all the
“life out of it.” Kerosene will start the
dirt much more quickly than soap where

the surface is dark with smoke, s. b. r.

■' * ~ .. «

WALL PAPER OFFER.

/FOR 28 CENTS YOU CAN PAPER A ROOM.

Our New Plain Floral
Wall Paper, as illustra¬
ted, only 1>j cents per
single roll, 3 cents per
double roll, handsome
border to match, only %
cent per yard (8 yards
fori cent). Cost of thla
paper for a room 11x11
feet, height of ceiling,
9 l'eet, is 20 cents for Bide
wall and border, 6 cents
for celling. Total cost
only 26 cents, allowing
for two ordinary doors
and windows. Don't buy
a roll of wall paper until
you see OUR FREE SAM¬
PLE iOOK«fNEW PAPERS

and learn our astonish¬
ingly low prices, won-
derfulvalues in gilt. em¬
bossed, bronzed and In¬
grain papers at 0 cents
to 20 cents per roll,
same ns dealers
everywhere ask 1#
cents to 60 cents per
roll. THEBOOKOF SAM¬
PLES IS FREE, explains
how to order, how to
tell how much to order,
tells all about how to
hang paper, how to
make paste, how to se¬
lect ha rmonizingcolors,
etc. Write and ask for
Wall Paper Samples
BE SENT TO YOU BY
FREE. ADDRESS.

and the complete book WILL
RETURN MAIL, POSTPAID,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & C0„ CHICAGO, ILL.

Clean — Sanitary — Odor¬
less — Best Appliances —
Finest Nickel Trimmings.

BATH TUT* — White porcelain
enameled — heavy roll rim seamless
cast iron, 5 ft. long, 30 in. wide.
LAV A T< >RY— Genuine “Ital¬
ian" marhle countersunk slab and
back — patent overflow porcelain
bowl.

CUOSKT — Syphon wash down,
vitreous porcelain bowl — perfect
working— best wood work.

Price as described, $55.00

We will furnish the additional trim-
mi; gs— paper holder — two towel bars —
glass shelf — bath seat and soap cup, for
$7.00. We have other hath room outfits,
from $25.00 to $125.00.

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Any ordinary mechanic can do the work. Wo
furnish working plans on application.

WPITF I IS Anjr one will do well to write

W t\l ■ L- IJJ us before buying elsewhere. We have
the largest and finest selection in the world and can save
purchasers considerable money.

Ask for Booklet No. FA 57, Tells all about
Plumbing and Heating Apparatus.
Chicago House W. Co., 35th & Iron Sts., Chicago

NOTE — We Furnish Country Homes w ith Complete
Water Works System.

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

THE HESSLER

rural mail box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agenis. We want
an agent In every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating1 or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.

Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Eire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Koaton.

Mention K.N.-Y.

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three great pursuits have
again shown wonderful re¬
sults on the

FREE

HOMESTEAD LANDS

or

WESTERN
CANADA

Magnificent Climate— Farmers plowing
in their shirt sleeves in the middle of
November. “All are bound to be more
than pleased with the Dual results of
the oust season’s harvests.”— Extract.
Goaf, wood, water, hay in abundance —
schools, churches murketB convenient.
This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Can-, or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y,
Mention this paper.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4i5

The Rural Patterns.

The advantages of the house gown that
is made with waist and skirt joined at the
belt are recognized by every busy woman,
while the costume is the only accepted one
for nurses’ wear. The model is adapted
to both uses and is suited to linen, cotton
and all the fabrics of warm weather, and
also to light-weight washable flannels and
wool materials. It is made with a simple
shirt waist and six gored skirt, there be-

6024 House Dress or Nurses’ Costume,

32 to 42 bust.

ing no possibility of parting the waist.
The shirt waist is made with the regula¬
tion pleat at the front and shirt sleeves,
but allows a choice of a turn-over or stock
collar. The skirt is made with slightly
gored front and side portions, and straight
back and is exceptionally well adapted to
laundering. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 10'/> yards
27, 8 yards 32 or G yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern 5024 is cut in sizes for a 32,
34, 3G, 38, 50 and 42 inch bust measure;
price 10 cents.

Nothing that the season has brought is
more charming than the dainty chemisettes
and half sleeves which are so much worn
with surplice waists. In the illustration
are shown excellent models. Lace with
banding, as illustrated, is always charming,
but embroidery is well liked for Summer
dresses, while plain tuckings, inserted
tuckings and combinations of lace with
embroidery are many and can be varied
to suit individual tastes. The chemisette
to the left allows of making with the full
length foundation and square yoke or with
a facing of yoking material that extends

6023 Half Sleeve and Chemisettes
SmalL Medlun, Large.

to the lower edge, or can be cut off at any
desired point. The chemisette to the right
indicates a round yoke and gives a choice
of that or the V-shaped facing, while it
also can be cut off if desired. The half
sleeve shown can be varied indefinitely by
the use of plain material with lace or em¬
broidery, or of inserted yoking materials.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 154 yards 27 inches wide to
cut either chemisette and half sleeves,
with 54 yards 18 inches wide and 154
yards of banding for either square or
round yoke and collar, 1 yard 18 inches
wide for vest facing or 54 yards for point¬
ed facing, y\ yard of all-over lace, 54 yard

of tucking and 1J4 yard of banding for
half sleeves to make as illustrated in the
medium size. The pattern 5023 is cut in
three sizes, small, medium and large, cor-
rcoponding to 32, 36 and 40 inch bust
measure; price 10 cents.

When Rhubarb is in Season.

Rhubarb is commonly considered a
Spring food, and is used for pies only by
so many cooks that its common name of
“pieplant” is as appropriate as suggestive.
A few (comparatively) stew or bake it
for sauce, or make an occasional shortcake
or pudding, but that is about the limit of
its usefulness in many cases, and what is
not used in these ways is allowed to go
to waste. This is not as it should be, for
many delicious things may be made and
stored away for use during all the year.

A fine preserve, or marina' de, is made
as follows: Cut a pound and a half of
rhubarb into inch lengths and put it in
an earthen dish. Scatter over this a
quarter of a pound of figs and an ounce
of candied peel (both cut fine) ; over all
sprinkle a pound and a nuarter of sugar
and let stand over night. In the morning
boil for about 15 minutes, then add a
pound of either orange or lemon pulp, cut
fine, and cook until heavy enough to be
firm when cold. Put in jelly glasses, and
when cool cover with paraffin, or any other
material used for keeping air from jellies.

A very fine, though much simpler pre¬
serve, may ’be made as follows : To a
pound of rhubarb allow a pound of sugar
and one lemon. Cut the rhubarb and
slice the lemon as thinly as possible (dis¬
carding the seeds) ; mix all together and
let stand over night. In the morning cook
slowly until thick enough, which may re¬
quire from 30 to 60 minutes. It is im¬
possible to give time for cooking, owing
to the fact that the amount of water in a
given weight of rhubarb varies in a won¬
derful degree.

For jam cut tender stalks of rhubarb
into short lengths ; weigh it and put into
stew kettle with a little less than the
same weight of sugar and cook at once.
If watched closely until the juice starts
no water will be needed. Boil slowly un¬
til it begins to thicken, then put into
glasses and cover when cold. The stir¬
ring needed to prevent scorching will
make the jam smooth enough without sift¬
ing — as is sometimes done.

A plain rhubarb jelly is easily made, and
to be at its best should be made when the
rhubarb is tender, using the pink variety
without peeling it, as much of the flavor
and all of the color is in the skin. Cook
eight pounds of rhubarb with the yellow
part of the peel from three lemons, in a
covered dish, until all the juice of the
rhubarb is free. Strain, and add all the
juice that can be extracted from the three
lemons. Boil half an hour and strain
through a bag. To each cupful of this
juice add a cup and a quarter of granu¬
lated sugar, which should be heated be¬
fore putting into the juice. Stir until the
sugar is entirely dissolved, then boil with¬
out stirring until it jellies when tested.

A fine jelly which may be made later in
the season has three-fourths of a pound of
tart apples (peeled and cored) cut and
cooked with each pound of rhubarb. Cook
until soft and drain through bag without
pressing. Allow a cup of sugar to each
cup of juice and proceed as in former
recipe.

Spiced rhubarb is fine to serve with
either hot or cold meats, and should be
among the things provided for Winter.
To make it peel and slice 2J4 pounds of
rhubarb ; sprinkle a pound of sugar over
it and let stand until morning. Drain off
the syrup and add one cup of sugar and
half a cupful each of vinegar and water.
Drop into this syrup small bags filled with
a mixture composed of one-third of a tea¬
spoonful each of cloves, mace, allspice and
ginger, and a teaspoonful of cinnamon.
Boil until the syrup begins to thicken, then
take out the bags and add the rhubarb and
cook until clear. The object in using
jelly glasses for these rich confections is
to avoid opening more than is needed
when family is small — larger dishes or or¬
dinary fruit cans are all right so far as
keeping qualities are concerned. When
making any of these things in quantities
a variety may be secured by dividing the
mass and adding something to each part.
Ginger root may be used with any of them
and makes a decided change in flavor, or
those which have no other fruit mixed
with the rhubarb may have the flavor
changed by adding chopped pineapple, cut
raisins or figs, or any fruit the maker
fancies. eva ryman-gaillard.

Look out for the bright, for the bright¬
est side of things, and keep thy face con¬
stantly turned to it. — Jeremy Benlham.

Edges That Last

Probably you have bought edged tools made of steel that
was crumbly, or too soft to hold an edge, or so hard as to
be brittle. You may have bought them for good tools, too.

There is, however, a sure way to get tools with edges that
last. It is simply to ask for the Keen Kutter Brand when
buying. Keen Kutter Tools have been standard of America
for 36 years, and are in every case the best that brains,
money and skill can produce. They are made of the finest
grades of steel and by the most expert tool makers. As a
complete line of tools is sold under this brand, in buying
any kind of tool all you need remember is the name

KEMKimR

The draw knife shown here is an example of the excellence
of Keen Kutter Tools. It has a nicety of balance and
“hang,” which has never been successfully imitated, and
it is made of the best steel ever put into a draw knife. In
all the years that we have sold this tool we have never
heard of one defective in any way.

Yet the Keen Kutter Draw Knife is no better than all
other Keen Kutter Tools.

The Keen Kutter Line was awarded the Grand Prize at
the St. Louis Fair, being the only complete line of tools
ever to receive a reward at a great exposition.

Following are some of the various kinds of Keen Kutter Tools:

Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw
Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives,
Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass
Hooks, Brush Hooks, Corn Knives, Eye Hoes,
Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips, Scissors,
Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc.,
and Knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools,
write us and we will see that you are supplied.

Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this Mark and Motto.
" The Recollection of Quality 'Remains
Long After the Price is Forgotten."

Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HAROWARE CO., St. Louis, U. S. A., 298 Broadway, New York.

omnium

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

Largo No. 8 A Catalogue Free.
OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC. CO
Meriden, Conn., U, S. A.

Rural
Mail Box
Freaks!

Some box makers seem to
look on the farmer as a child
who must be caught by some
jack-in-the-box scheme. Might
as well otTer him a “boneless”
hired man, or one who could
stand on his head while milk¬
ing. We appeal directly to hUjudg-
mcnt> antl furnish a box that will
stay by himaa long *b he keeps tho
farm. W 0 want someone on overy R. P. D. route to replace “freak”
boxes and Be 1 1 our stee 1 poate. Address,

BOND STEEL POST CO., Adrian, M|ch.

PAPFR

YOUR

OWN

WALLS

3Mow is Tlx© Time

| to decorate your home ; don’t buy wall papers until you I
3 our offer. Gilts, Rm bowieg, Silk*, and IngraiiiR at 5 to
I 12 1-2 ctn. per roll. We nave you 50 p.c. : we defy compe-
Itltlon. Write for our free book of 8am plea with complete |
■instructions for hanging your own paper.

CONSUMERS WALL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

278 Greeu St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

PISO’S CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

JKor profitable live stock use
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

NO MOKE BLIND HOKSES.— For Specific Opn-
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARRY CO .. Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

“ In all the land, range up, range down,

Is there ever a place so pleasant and sweet?

THE

1000

ISLANDS.

There may be somewhere on the earth
a more delightful region than that of the
Thousand Islands, but if there is, it has
not been discovered. It is as flue as the
Bay of Naples, with no danger of being
buried in hot ashes. There are 2,000
picturesque Islands scattered p long the
twenty-five miles of one of the most
beautiful rivers in the world. You cau
find out a great deal regarding it iu No.
10 of the “Four-Track Series,” “The
Thousand Islands,” of the St. Lawrence
Kiver issued by the

1VE1Y YORK CENTRAL

A copy will be mailed free on receipt of a
two-cent stamp, by George H. Daniels. Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

New Steel Roofing and Siding

Painted red on both sides

$2.00 Per 100 Square Feet.

Most durable and economical covering for Rooting, Siding or Ceiling, for Burns, Sheds, Houses, Stores,
Churches, Poultry Houses, Cribs, etc. Cheaper and will last longer than any other material. Sheets
six and elg^t feet long. mm.

We Pay the Freight

to all points East of Colorado, except Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Texas. Write for prices for shipment
to such points. This rooting at $2.00 per square Is our No. 10 grade, flat, Bemi-hardened. *2.10 for corrugated,
“V” crimped or pressed standing seam. (2.2a for brick siding and beaded celling or siding. No experience
necessary. Send us your order for immediate shipment. We have othe grades.

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE No. O- 57, on Building Material, Wire, Pipe, Plumbing Material,
Furniture, Household Goods, etc. We Huy ut Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ Sales.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th A Iron Sts., Chtoago.

Get it

from your

Droggi»t,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 20,

4i6

markets

Prices current at New York during week
ending May 13, 1905. Wholesale except as

noted.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . — @ 96%

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... — @1.03%

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 55

Oats . — @ 35

Barley . — @ 46

FEED.

Wholesale prices.

Spring bran . — (hi 7.50

Middlings . — <<2-0.50

Red dog . — 24.50

Hominy chop . — @19.50

Oil meal . — @ 29.50

Retail, Western New York.

Spring bran . 22.00 4/23.00

Middlings . 24.00 (a) 26.00

Oil meal . 34.00 @35.00

Corn and oats . 25.00 @26.00

BEANS.

Marrow, bushel . 2.80 @2.90

l'ea . — @1.75

Red kidney . — @2.65

Black turtle soup . — @3.25

White kidney . — @3.10

Yellow eye . — @2.05

1IAY AND STRAW. _

Hay, No. 1 . . . . . 75 @ 80

No. 2 . 67 %@ 72 %

No. 3 . 60 @ 70

Clover and clover mixed. . . 60 @ 70

Straw, long rye . 85 @ 90

MILK.

In effect May 8, the New York Exchange
.rice was reduced to .$1.31 per 40-quart can,
or 2 % cents per quart in 26-cfnt freight zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras .

26 %@

27

Firsts .

25

% (fi

26

Seconds .

24

25

Thirds .

@

23

State dairv, half-tubs, extras.

—

@

26

Tubs, firsts .

24 % <"

25%

Tubs, seconds .

23

@

24

Fresh, lower grades .

21

@

*22

Western imitation creamery,

ext i as .

25

@

25%

Firsts .

23

(a)

24

Seconds .

21

@

22

Western factory, firsts .

23

(a>

24

Seconds .

21

@

Lower grades .

1 9

@

20

Renovated, extras . .

25

@

25 %

23

@

24

Seconds .

21

@

22

Lower grades .

18

20

Packing stock .

17

@

21

CHEESE.

OLD,

Full cream, small, fey .

—

@

14%

Small, fine .

@

13%

Small, choice .

—

@

1 3 %

Small, fair to good .

12

% (<J

13%

Small, poor .

10% @

11%

NKW.

Full cream, small, line . — @13

Small, fair to choice . 1 1 Vi @ 12%

Light skims, small, choice.... 1 0 Vi @ 10%

Part skims, good . 8%@ .8 Vi

Full skims . . 3Vi@ 4%

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white. . 20 @ 21

White, good to choice . 19 @ 19 Vi

Fresh gathered, extra mixed — @ 18 Vi

Fresh gathered, firsts . — @ 18

Western and Southern . 15 <a 18

Duck eggs, Baltimore, doz.... 22 <(1 24

Goose eggs, dozen . 35 @ 40

DRIED FRUITS.

Apnles, evaporated, fancy....

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, com. to prime.

Sun dried .

Chops, 100 lbs .

('ores and skins .

Raspberries .

Cherries .

Huckleberries .

Blackberries .

7 @ —

6 @ 6 Vi

4 % @ 5

2 (<v 4

1 .45 @ 1 .50

90 @ 95

•>4 (■; 25

— @ 13 Vi
10 (a 11
6 Vi @ 11

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Spitz, and Spy.. . 2.50

Ben Davis and Baldwin .... 2.00

Russet . 2.00

Strawberries, qt . 2

@ 3.50
@2.75
(a 2.75
@ 15

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, old, 180 lbs . 7;>

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl . 4.00

Bermuda. No. 2 . 2..»0

Florida Rose. No. 1, bill.... 2.75

Fla., Chili red. No. 1 . 2.75

Charleston & Savannah Rose.. 2. 50
Charleston & Savannah, ('bill. 2.50

Southern, seconds, bid . 2.00

Southern, culls . 1-50

Southern, second crop, bbl.... 1.00

Sweet potatoes, bbl . 2.50

Asparagus, doz., cholc.e . 2.00

Common to good . 50

Beets, new. 100 bunches . 2.00

Carrots, new, 100 hunches .... 1 .00

Cabbage, old. ton . 4.00

Cucumbers, Southern, Du . 50

Corn, 100 ears . 1.00

Celery, dozen . 20

Chicory and escarol, bbl . 3.00

Egg plants, bushel . 2.00

Horseradish, 100 lbs . 3.00

Kale, bbl . 50

Lettuce, bill . 1.00

Onions, old, bbl . 1.50

Parsnips, bbl . —

Peas, basket . 75

Parsley, N. O., 100 bunches. .. 1 .00
Radishes, nearby. 100 bun .... 1.00
String beans, Fla., bn. basket. 50

Charleston, basket . 75

Spinach. Norfolk, bbl . 75

Baltimore, bbl . . . 75

Nearby, 1)1)1 . 1.00

Squash, marrow, 1)1)1 . 75

Hubbard, 1)1)1 . 1.00

Southern, white, bu.-box. . . 25

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl . 50

Tomatoes, Fla., 20-qt. carrier. 75

HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.
Cucumbers, Eastern, bu. case.. 2.50
Charleston, basket of 7 doz. —

Cauliflowers, dozen . 2.00

Mushrooms, lb . 10

Radishes, 100 bunches . 75

Tomatoes, lb . 10

LIVE POULTRY.

Fowls. Western, lb

Roosters .

Turkeys, old .

Ducks, pair .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair ....

00

1.20

@1.15
(a 4.50
@3.50
@ 3.50
@3.25
@3.25
fa 8.00
@2.50
(q 2.00
@1.50
@4.00
@ 3.00
@1.50
@7.00
@1.50
@ 10.00
@1.25
@3.50
@ 90

@5.00
@3.50
@6.00
@ 75

@2.00
@3.00
@1.00
@1.25
@2.00
@1.25
@1.50
@1.50
@1.00
@1.00
@1.50
@1.00
@ —
@ 75

@1.00
@2.25

@3.50
@4.00
@4.00
@ 50

@1.25
@ 15

@ 14%
@ 9 Vi

@ 12
@ 80
@1.25
@ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 13 @ 18

Chickens, fey., 3 Vi to 4 lbs. to

pair, lb . 35 @: 40

Common to good.... . 15 @ 20

Fowls . 13 @ —

Spring ducks, lb . 22 @ 25

Squabs, dozen . 1.50 @2.75

CO ENTRY-DRESS E D M E ATS.

Calves, veal . 7Vi@ 9

Spring lambs, head . 3.00 @7.00

D ogs . 5 Vi @ 8%

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.75 @6.45

Stags aud oxen . 4.00 @5.05

Bulls . . 3.30 @4.50

Bologna cows and bulls . 1.75 @4.00

Milch cows with calves . 35.00 @50.00

Calves . 5.00 @7.50

Sheep . . . 3.75 @5.00

Lambs . 5.75 @0.50

Hogs . — @6.00

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale selling price here.

Peppermint . 2.90 @3.25

Wintergreen . 1.85 @2.10

Tansy . 3.75 @4.25

Spea rmi n t . 4.50 @4.75

Sassafras . 57Vi@ 75

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. 1). New York. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @53.00

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit . — @12.00

Dried blood . — @25.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — @25.00

Peruvian guano . — @37.00

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots. lb. — (a 2%

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 5%

TOBACCO.

SEED DEAF.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers.. 5 @ 10

Seconds . 25 @ 35

Wrappers . 30 @ 70

Light wrappers . 60 @ 70

New York State fillers . 3 @ 5

Fine and selections . 25 @ 26

Average running lots . 5 12

Pennsylvania broadleaf . 3 @ 5

VIRGINIA SIlirPING.

Common lugs . 6 @ 6%

Good lugs . 6% @ 7

Common to medium leaf . 7 Vi.@ 8 Vi

Medium to good leaf, dark . 9 10

Medium to good leaf, light... 10 @ 11

Good to fine leaf, dark . 1 1 Vi @ 12%

BURI.EV - LOUISVILLE.

Common lugs . 10 @ 11%

Medium lugs . 11 %@ 12%

Good lugs . 12Vi@ 13%

Common leaf short . 10 @ 11

Common leaf . 1 1 Vi @ 12%

Medium leaf . 12%@ 13%

Good leaf . 13% @ 15%>

EXPERIENCE WITH WATER TANKS.

Five years ago we put water into our
house, using two tanks, a wooden tank out¬
side for watering plants, lawn, etc. We do
not drink from this tank, because It Is not
piped to (he house, but would not consider
the fact that it is wood an objection. This
tank is empty in the Winter and apparently
is as good as ever. The other is a galvanized
Iron tank in use all the time, but is rusting
in spots, and will soon have to be replaced.
Dozens of small spots of rust form In the
bottom, and In the course of a few years eat
holes through the iron. Sometime ago our
bathtub needed a new coat of enamel. I was
advised to try white .Tapalac ; Ibis makes a
fine covering, hut softens in warm water.
Now, when the present, tank logins to leak, I
shall get a new' one and paint the inside w'lth
Japalac. This will l)e clean, and I believe
will protect the surface from rust, which Is
the chief objection to Iron tanks. Of course
I have no experience in this, but believe It
will work. Z. C. B. will find an Iron tank
satisfactory if he can keep it from rusting,
but the ordinary galvanizing will not do that
many years. There is no bad taste from a
galvanized iron tank, and I should not expect
It -from cypress wood, from which most tanks
are made. L. w, r.

Michigan.

We have on our place a 50-foot tow'er and
wind wheel, and a 65 barrel cypress tank
standing 20 feet from the ground. We have
drank the water from this tank for the last
three years, and have never found an un¬
pleasant taste, nor have I ever heard any
complaints from any of the neighbors who
have cypress tanks, but those wTho have pine
tanks find the taste of their water something
vile. I do not know of any iron tanks in
this vicinity, but should think the Iron would
give a taste to the wrater in time. I know'
that cypress is all right, and where we have
to d<pend on wind to fill It I would not care
for a smaller tank than 60 barrels. With a
gas or hot-air engine a tank half the size
would answer all purposes. Perhaps our
method of caring for the water during the
Winter may Interest some. The standpipe is
covered with a felt packing that comes on
purpose and Is enclosed In a four-inch box,
outside of which is a 12-inch box, leaving an
air space between, both boxes extending from
the platform of the well to the bottom of
tank. In cold weather I start the mill pump¬
ing at chore time at night, and when through
with chores hang my lantern in the pit or
well and turn off the mill. The pump has
forced warm water from the well through
the standpipe, and the heat of the lantern
rising up between the two boxes prevents the
cold striking through to the pipe over night.
No saw’dust-packed standpipe for me. Will
It be practicable to put a little water motor
in my shop for turning grindstone and run¬
ning a little circular saw to saw up half-inch
stuff for berry crates, etc. T could not well
use a pipe larger than an Inch, as It is a good
way to run it, and the connections are only

an Inch. I can get pressure generally of up¬
wards of 25 feet. What would such a motor
cost? c. l. v.

Long Island.

WANT TO KNOW.

As strawberry picking will be in order
before long, I and probably others would like
to hear from those who tried the strawberry
picker advertised last Spring. Did it work
as represented and could you pick berries
with it that lay on the ground? i*. s.

Exeter 1’a.

Hand Bumping Machine. — Tan I get a
suggestion from some one through the col¬
umns of The R. N.-Y. of how to rig a hand
machine of some kind to pump water? 1
have a drilled well 125 feet deep; have an
Empire double-action pump with windmill
attachment. 1 need water for 23 head of
stock. 1 cannot afford at present a hot-air
or gasoline engine or windmill. The pump
has a six-inch cylinder, which allows for the
rise and fall of pump rod six inches.

New York. n. j. h.

Water and Sewage Questions. — In a re¬
cent number I see the compressed air sys¬
tem of water supply recommended. As 1 am
about to install a water system of some
kind, and incline towards this one. I would
be glad if some others of your readers would
give their experience with it, and state how
large a tank under these conditions is nec¬
essary for ordinary house supply, also
whether or not it is necessary to have any
special tank so long as it is air and water¬
tight. As I understand it, all the mechanism
Is located at the pump, which can only l>o
bought from one firm. Also, would you mind
opening the question of the “septic tank"
system of sewerage for country places and
farms. This system seems to be highly rec¬
ommended, and is not, so far as I know,
patented. It seems to be Simple, inexpen¬
sive, and without mechanism of any kind,
and ought to be easily constructed by any
mason. Am I right, or is it necessary to
go to a high-priced “company” to get the
thing done right. If not, how can we go
about it? If half that, is claimed for it is
true it is one of the greatest hygienic dis¬
coveries of the age. I shall also have to
put down an artesian or drilled well, and if
any of your readers have any hints to throw
out as to how I am going to tell that the
well driller will not to go past good water In
order to run the bill up I would lie grate¬
ful. X. Y. Z.

2 Horse Power

Gasoline Engine

$85.

DIRECT FROM
MANUFACTURERS

complete and fully guaran¬
teed. This is one of our reg¬
ular "Lazier Noiseless’
line of engines. Any other
manufacturer would charge
you from $125.00 to $175.00
for one equal to it. We have
decided to sell more engines
and lie satisfied with a small
profit. This is the reason of
the big cut in price.

This engine, illustrated above, is especially designed
for the farm, and is adapted for such work as churn¬
ing grinding, pumping water, sawing wood, etc. Jt
will do the work of three men and is never lazy or
tired out. We are manufacturers of gas and gasoline
engines, not dealers, and in buying from us, you buy
from headquarters, and pay no fancy commissions to
anyone. We guarantee all our engines to develop the
full rated horse power ami give perfect satisfaction.
We build 18 different sizes of gas and gasoline engines
from 2 to 100 horse power and know we can furnish
just what you want. Drop us a line, telling us for
what purpose you desire an engine, and you will

receive a rcplv from our expert free. Address

LAZIER ENGINE CO., Buffalo, N. Y

BINDER TWINE

Farmer* wanted as agentt*. August Post, Moulton, Iowa,

T AUCTION REVOLVERS, GlIVS,

Swords and Military Goods. NEW and
old. Bargains for use or decorating.
Largo illustrated 15c. catalogue mailed fie
stamps. Francis Bannkkman, 579 Broadway, N.Y.

ATT E NT I O N-SolZ "2

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
I. H KHZ, Genl. Mgr. , 99Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

FARMERS— Invest your earnings. Make them
grow. Our free Booklet “A” offers safer and more
profitable investment than real estate mortgages.
vYrite to-day. It will pay you. A. H. Bennett & Co.,
501 Jackson Street, Topeka, Kansas.

:t,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS FOR SALE in
Maine. New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Delaware. Maryland, Virginia and Michigan,
“Strout’s Spring List" describes hundreds in de¬
tail; many with stock, tools and growing crops in¬
cluded. It is the most complete look ot real farm
bargains ever issued. It lias over 100 cuts of build¬
ings and travelling instructions to each property so
you can go and trade with the owners. Send to¬
day for free copy. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42,
150 Nassau St., New York City.

When you write advertisers mention The
it. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

OQMli 00*8W*Ll FARM BUILOIMQ*. HAVERHILL, MAES,

— 4) -

ll; ‘I I '!5

iMj i _ ;

” L -

yti

A Good
Barn Deserves

a good roof. Shingles rot,
blow off and burn. Roofs builtof
“The Register”

«Rex Stinthote

ROOFING

always resist fire, water, snow,
heat, cold and wear. We prove it.

Send for
Free Samples

and our book, telling tht
whole story with pictures*

J V.AW. Rird«fcCo.

70 India Street
i»oHton, Mumh.

r. v.r .'THE
/.■'.•■■ANIMALS’
FRIEND

Kills every fly It strikes,
when either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. £lioo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely hat mless to manor
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cow 9
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any imita-

_ tion. Halfcent’s worth saves

3 quarts milk and much flc9h. NO LICK in poultry house or any
place it is sprayed. I f your dealer does not keepKhoo- Fly (made in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough Shoo-Fly to protect 200cows. Name exp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free Jtooklot describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50 cows in few minutes.

SHOO-FLY MF’G. C0.f 1020 Fairmount, Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Shoo-Fly is O. K.

MORE INCOME

' Without Speculation.

[<* a ■a]

xfe&ltsy

#25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear e;irn
tngs from day recelveo
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

DKSTR1CTED loans on bond
*V«nd mortgage t>< thrifty home
buyers who pay all interest and
part principal monthly. That is
tin* way the funds of our clients
ire 1 vested; and 11 years’ con¬
stant growth of assets, surplus
and profits indicates the meas¬
ure ofsuccess achieved. We re¬
invest your 4 p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU 5 p. c. per an¬
num for every day we have
them, increasing their earning
power 25 p. c. Write lor par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits,

81 00,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

5 Times lil’d’g, lVwy, N.Y. City

#52.5MubberTir$

— TOP BUGGY. 2 year guarantee. Bold
Jon 30 days Free Trial. It's a
■genuine Split Hickory. That ^

■means value. Guaranteed ^

■solid rubber tires. Worth 50%^

Imore than we ask. 192-page
Icatalog free. Send now. n
The Ohio Carriage
Slfg. Co. j
L C. Phelpi,Pres.f
Station 290 I
Cincinnati*

Ohio

FOR SALE

»♦♦♦ H0LLYR00D FARM ♦♦♦♦
A Gentleman’s Country Home

Beautiful ami healthy location. Lawns, Rare Shade
Trees, Conservatory. Gardeners’ cottage and small
tenement on estate.

HAVE HERD OF ABOUT 100 HEAD OF
HIGHLY BRED

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

All Registered.

Also Choice Jersey Red Swine for Breeding.

Farm consists of about 300 acres, cultivated aud
woodland. Farm Implements, Machinery, and Work¬
ing stock. Ready for immediate business; will pay
10% on investment. Inspection invited. Will sell farm
and stock separately if desired. For particulars
address Hon W. B, ROYUE, or JAS. H.
VVALL1UK, Middletown, New York.

miDUJlII Dill I Wanted, from twelve
UUltflnlli DULL months to two years old.
Must be registered. Reply P. O. Box 1177, New, York

The SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER

takes less power because it is the only blower that provides for the
speed of the fan according to elevation
ft ‘ ...

It has greater capacity and is
cheaper to operute than any other
eilo filler. It makes accidents
impossible. And this muchine
will cost you less money than other
machines anywhere near its capacity.

THE SMALLEY

has the reputation of being the best Silo
Filler that money will buy— AND IT IS.

60 years of practical experience are back of
it, with no dissatisfied customers. Hun¬
dreds testify to its superiority over others.

Our FREE Catalogue will tell you all '
about the SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER
—why it is best; why it will save you money
and trouble. Write for it TODAY.

Smalley Manufacturing Co., Box 321, Manitowoc, Wis

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4i7

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

We find the following paragraph in one
of the city papers :

Waldo E. Barnes, Jr., of No. 1832 Broad
Street, Providence, advertised extensively in
the farm journals for butter, eggs, hay and
other country products, lie would pay more
than Ihe market, prices for these commodities,
he said, just to get a good line of customers.
The good line responded liberally from New
York State and throughout New England,
some farmers sending him produce to the
value of .$400. In a few instances he paid
the high prices for first consignments, and
then gave his note for 90 days for the bal¬
ance. When the notes were not. redeemed
the Postoffiee Department was asked to help
collect the moneys due. This was too much
of a task for even the sleuths of the inspec-
tor’s office, but they were able to cut off Mr.
Barnes' letters at the postoffice.

Readers will remember that we refused
Mr. Barnes' advertising, and have cau¬
tioned our people against him, several
times. We like to head these fellows off
before they do the damage.

Another Providence, R. I., concern that
wants to make people rich hv writing let¬
ters for them at $25 per thousand, is the
Crown Supply Co., but you must send $1
in advance to get paper and other alleged
supplies. If you send your dollar, and
never hear from it again, you can charge
it up to experience. We think we have
cautioned our people against the "work at
home” concerns no less than a hundred
times. They all want money in advance
for something that you would not pay for
except under the pretence of paying for
work, which they never do. They are the
meanest frauds we know, because they
prey on the misfortunes of invalids and
cripples, who can ill afford the loss.

A letter from a Colorado subscriber this
week asks about a stock investment
scheme advertised by a Philadelphia
agent. This correspondent forwards a
three-page letter and an eight-page circu¬
lar, all filled with assurances of the value
of the stock, and arguments why the
farmer should send his money for the
stock. The only information given is that
the company is stocked for $500,000 and
the par shares $50 each. The purchaser of
this stock is allowed to pay $5 down and
$5 monthly until the whole $50 is paid in.
There is no table of assets and liabilities,
not a figure to show how much property
is actually behind the $500,000 of paper
stock. The agent indorses the scheme.
He urges you to buy the stock with all the
persuasion of words at his command, but
there is not a line or a word in bis letter
or circular that would hold him respon¬
sible for the value of the investment. We
don’t care what any man’s wealth may be,
or what his reputation is, our standing
advice is never to buy any stock in the
company he promotes until you have
found out what the assets and liabilities
of the company are. If there be -m ex¬
cess of assets, the difference is Lie net
value of the business. But when this is
satisfactory it is not always safe to invest
in the stock, for reasons which are appar¬
ent enough. Promoters often predict fab¬
ulous dividends which never materialize
afterwards. Besides, if there is any stock
in Philadelphia or anywhere else capable
of paying 17 per cent or 10 per cent or
eight per cent annual dividend, there is
any amount of money right at home ready
and anxious to take it up, and the reasons
given for not selling the stock at home
are not entirely convincing.

Last week we refused an order for sev¬
eral thousand dollars’ worth of advertis¬
ing for a perfectly legitimate and responsi¬
ble firm which has incorporated and wants
to sell its stock to country investors. The
work is being promoted by a responsible
firm, and the advertising is placed by a
first-class house. Why did we refuse it?
Well, first, because we do not think it wise
for farmers to invest their earnings in
schemes of this kind. There is too much
risk and too much uncertainty. A more
conservative investment is wiser for haref-
earned money, especially when you are re
moved from any influence in the buiness
and know nothing about it or its manage¬
ment. Four per cent that we are sure of
in a strong savings bank or trust company
is a better investment than promises of
bigger things from a promotor. Of course
there are a few cases where the gambler

wins, and if anyone wants to take the
.chance alter knowing the facts, we have
no right to object.

Here is a letter that has been on my
desk since January. We said last year
that if the new Crimson Rambler rose
was once established in your grounds you
would not part with it for a $5 bill. Now
our readers are telling us that we were
right.

As no snow is on the ground, I had to look
at my Philadelphia Rambler, and to my sur¬
prise, found it looking the same as it did
last July, only without its green leaves.
When 1 planted the rose I would not give
three cents for it, but my brother said that
all good things come in small packages. This
gave me courage, and I planted it the best
I knew how, and now you can’t buy it for $5.
My rose measured 4 '/< inches last Spring, and
after seven months' growth the largest vine
measured 53 Inches. I hope “The Business
lien" will make the same growth in my poul¬
try yard as the rose did in the garden.

Reading, Pa. u. b.

We have no comment to make on the
following letter. It speaks amply and
ably for itself. Yes, sir, we are proud
of such letters:

i enclose $1 money order for renewal to
your valuable paper, which has found a place
in the Knowles family for nearly half a cen¬
tury. Among the 10 different periodicals
taken in our house I would sooner drop any
other one than The R. N.-Y.

Michigan. l. u. knowi.es.

Here is one from to-day’s mail :

I received the hook, “The Rusiness lien,"
last week. It is a dandy. 1 wish we had
more papers in the United Slates like The
II. N.-Y. Then there would not be so many
fake advertisements in the papers. I will do
all I can for The R. N.-Y.

Ohio.

GEORGE POPP, JR.

We print this because we want you to
see what people are saying about “The
Business Hen.” If you have not yet se¬
cured one, we do not want you to forget
it or miss it. We will send it back the
day your renewal is received. When you
get it show it to your neighbor and tell
him how he can get it.

TAR ON A TIN ROOF.

On page 350, W. A. II, asks, regarding tar
for tin roof. YVe are using it on all our tin
roofs, while it is fresh we sprinkle on what
dry sand it will hold. YY’e put tarred paper
on one side of the roof of a henhouse about
10 years ago, then applied tar and sand, and
it looks to be good for 10 years more.

New YTork. k. p. t.

For 25 years I have been putting on tin
roofing in preference to shingles and In that
period have never met a tinner but con¬
demned use of tar in any form as covering.
Sooner or later, they all say, tar will crack
and ruin the roof. Raw oil and metallic
paint wears off but never cracks. One pound
of red lead to the gallon of oil and metallic
is strongly recommended. Red lead alone is
better but more costly. I have used tar roof¬
ing extensively but do not commend it for
permanent roofs; it is worthless on the south
side where the sun strikes. r. s. l.

District of Columbia.

I advise not to put tar on a tin roof.
Twenty-five years ago [ put a new tin roof
over a plastic slate roof (ground slate mixed
with tar). This slate roof gave out in three
years. The tin was put in direct contact
with this plastic slate and in five years was
completely eaten through, some sheets being
entirely gone. This was all removed, and
slate was put on, which is still there, and
not a dollar has been laid out on it In the
last 25 years. The tin could be torn like
paper, it was so badly rusted and eaten on
the under side. r. m. w.

New Y'ork.

I would advise not to use tar on tin roof.
Most of the tar at present is from the so-
called chemical works and is a by-product of
charcoal. It is not lit to use on anything,
the acid in it will eat up anything it comes
in contact with. Any roof paint is better
and much cheaper in the end even at four
times the price of tar. I can get all the tar
I want free of cost at chemical works here
hut would not use it. I have had experience
in using it on tin roofs to my sorrow. Buy
oxide of iron and mix with pure linseed oil.
This is the cheapest and best roof paint.
YY’hite lead can be mixed with it or some
other color if so desired. a. c. s.

Pennsylvania.

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

I ■ R. & H. J. Weleher, Newark, N.Y.

Satisfaction

is tile first re-
uisite, price
the next For
both try

Arrow Brand Asphalt Ready Roofing

No trouble, no repairs. Proof against heat, cold,
rain and sun Sand or gravel surfaced. Send for
samples, booklet and prices.

Asphalt Ready Rnofing Co., 80 Pine Strept, New York,

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

When Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

When Rear them

Fidelity Food Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER 00.
B«x 0 l>. Jameabnrg, N. J.

Lousy Hens

Lice are often fatal to poultry and
even when not they will so fret a hen
that her vitality will be wasted— her
egg production curtailed and her
weight diminished. Many supposed
cases of cholera among poultry are
really cases of lice.

INSTANT
Louse Killer

la sure, quick death to these pests while
non-poisonous to the fowls. It is a powder
Bold In cans with perforated top, conveni¬
ent for sprinkling on roosts, nests, etc. It
also kills bugs on cucumber, squash and
melon vines, worms on cabbages, slugs on
rosebushes. Instant Louse Killer Is the
original powder louse killer, put up In
round cans with perforated top. Be sure
of the word “ Instant ” on the can— it has
twenty-five imitations.

1. lb. 25c ( Except in.Canada

_ „ _ J and extreme

3 lbs. 60c (West and South.

If your dealer cannot supply you we
will forward 1 lb. by mail or express,
prepaid, for 35 cents.

Sold on a Written Guarantee

Manufactured by

DR, HESS & CLARK
Ashland, CPbio

HATCH EVERY ECC USED

Will it do it? Ask our patrons.

Mrs. W. F. Graham, K. F. D. No. 1, New
Hartford, la. ; Mrs. Krlo Brack, Havensville,
Kan. Send for FREE catalogue, giving those

30 DAYS’ TRIAL.

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23, Springfield, Ohio.

R0-«Kg «Ii»,
•1.00 and *5.00

t I O-80 For *

I mm 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to*daj.

QEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page Illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years aie in toese yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

Apr! I hatched Ducks, $1.50 to $2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 centfsand $1 .15 for 1 1 ; and $6 and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings. 81) cents and tl for thirteen; and $5 and $0 per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity New Yoik City,
8C pens, 2.UU0 layers. Cut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

COD c 11 C at 60 cents per setting.
tUUd Tun OALt Selected. 75 cents
Choice fine laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Barred
P. Rocks, R. I. Reds, S. C. YV. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverollel” They are free.

J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
It Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan¬
dottes, U.C. Beds. McCain Co , B., Delaware, N.J.

? P \A/ | pnunPNR f°r Hatching.

Oi Ui 111 LLUnUnilO $1.50 per 15; $6 per 100.
FRED KEYERLEBER, Box 71. Euclid. Ohio.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.
Grandview Farm, Stanfordvllle, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding "Business Leghorns" for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

Finely Bred Last Year Pullets jy

Birds I have been breeding from this season, Single
Comb, White and Brown Leghorns, Black Minorcas,
White Wyandottes, YY^hite and Barred Plymouth
Rocks. LOCUST FARM, Eatontown, New Jersey.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks $12.50 per 3 00

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

nfilll triii/1000000000
rllUL In f*iasj

ft POULTRY LINE — Fencing, Feed, Incu-X
ftbators. Livestock, Brooders— anything — X
ft it's our business. Call or let us send youX
Qour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the X
ft asking — it's worth having. X

©Excelsior Wire <t Poultry Supply Co.,X

O Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. Q

OQOQOQQQQQQQOQQQQOQOQOOQGO

Rose Comb W. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Eggs$lforl5; $3
for 50; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio •

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY !
40 Eggs, $2; 100 for $4. Also breeding stock at right
prices. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, New York.

ftEKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING, PURE WHITE DUCKS

F 13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

H John H. Gamber, R. F. D„ No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

M s ruuitry, Pig.uus, Parrots, Dogs, Cats,

la II Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
W Rates free. J. A. BEBGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

CfilSC Single Comb White Leghorn Eggs. Healthy
CUUw selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15; $4
per 100. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

S, C. BROWN LEGHORNS

od Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs, $1 per 15, or $4 per 1U0. J. A.
BUSH, R, No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

pJGGS for hatching. $1 for fifteen; $3 for 50; $5 for
•*-< 100. Stock as good as the best; each variety kept
on a separate farm, with free and unlimited range.
Eggs carefully packed; orders promptly filled. White
Wyandottes; Buff and White Plymouth Rocks: R. C.
Brown, Ro' .* and Single Comb YVhite Leghorns;
Anconas; Black and YVhite Minorcas.

Otselic Farms, YVhitney's Point, N. Y.

tJLJHITE WYANDOTTE®, 400 layers, bred for
Ww laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $1.50 per 15; $5 per 100; $45 per 1000. Safe arrival
guaranteed. E. H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

Water mIqOQ for preserving eggs. Endorsed
iiQlCl UI Quo by agricultural papers. Gallon can.
$1. Middlesex (’’hem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

F^LLSWORTH’S Choice White YY’yandottes, 15
EL eggs $2. Henry W. Ellsworth. Portland, Conn.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair. 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. K. D. 41. YVeedsport, N. Y.

Cox’s Barred Rocks SJX'YSa

Ringlet strain, farm raised, satisfaction guaranteed.
Eggs $1 per 15. J. YV. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

S. C. R. I. KEI>8, farm raised Eggs from best pen,
$1 per fifteen. C. L. TURNER, Becket, Mass.

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar-
IW red & White ltocks.White andSilverWyandottes;
hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For BIRDS,
moderate prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write
WALTER SHERMAN, 25 Boulevard, Newport, K. I.

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15. $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Clr. free. JOHN A. BOTH, Quakertown, Pa.

PAPER INCUR A TOR

TESTED =«= SUCCESSFUL

15 0 Egg Capacity.
Weight , 80 Pounds.

PRACTICAL — GUARANTEED

Our Brooders operate on same principles as the Incubator
(Tons of Living Air.)

This Incubator is a Wondor, and the Leader of all Incubators. Does not
require an expert to operate. Made of PAPER- the world's best known
Non-Conductor. As strong and durable as YVood.

Will heat up in any outside shed in zero weather in one hour, and will
use from 58 to 75 per cent less oil than any other incubator on the market.
No even temperature necessary; any temperature between 95 and 106 dees.,
like the lien's, will secure a 90 to 100 per cent, hatch of fertile eggs. Our
Regulator is tons of air, and an even heat is not necessary. Our Brooders
—on the market for the past seven years— have demonstrated to the most
exacting that they can raise in them 95 to 100 per cent, of chicks. Chicks
grow fast and are strong and healthy.

Our Customers' Reports verify every statement made. Send stamp for
"1905 Price-List and Customers' Reports” or 15c. in stamps or money for
a 96-page catalogue. "The Hen’s Secrets and Nature’s Laws.”

A hen is no air-tight box, and has no bake-oven heat, there are tons of
living air all over the hen and eggs. THE PERPETUAL HEN INC.
AND HROODEK WORKS. Trenton, New .Jersey.
jay-PIe»«# mention Rural New-Yorker when writing. (Robt, N. Oliphant. Prop.)

4i8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 20,

TROUBLE WITH SOW .

I had a sow three years old that farrowed
April 1, pigs healthy and good feeders. April
15 they began squealing and falling over
backward; seemed unable to stand; all dead
but two. Sow is healthy, feed is corn and
oats (ground) in milk. d. H. H.

New York.

The sow lias been in fine condition when
she farrowed, which was all right, but the
care afterwards was wrong. In this case
the sow should have been several days
getting up to full feed. But I take it she
was highly fed from the start. The pigs
were hearty fellows and good feeders, and
the feed was so plentiful that they only
had to eat, sleep and lay on fat, and took
no exercise. The sow also was without
inducement to take exercise, and had no
grass. While she shows no indisposition or
signs of illness, but rather is in perfect
health, she fed the pigs too well, more
than they could stand without exercise,
and plenty of it. This trouble always fol¬
lows too high feeding. Sows in good
flesh when they farrow should be brought
to full feed slowly, taking a week or 10
days to do it, and the pigs, if not dis¬
posed to take exercise, must be made to
do it. This they will usually do if the
sow has a lot to run in and some grass.
But if the weather is cold and raw the
pigs will need watching to see that they
take the required exercise.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

SHEEP WITH COUGH.

What will cure a dry cough in sheep? We
have a pet sheep that has a cough, just a dry
exhausting cough ; no running at the nose ;
she is kept tied most of the time. e. t.

New York.

It is always hard to diagnose a case at
a distance without knowing all the
symptoms, therefore the “absent treat¬
ment” may not be effective. It would
seem as though the trouble were bron¬
chitis. If this is the case there should
be some fever and rather poor appetite.
In this case give each, day for a week one
drachm ground ginger, one drachm salt¬
peter, one-half ounce Epsom salts. This
can be mixed with a thin gruel and given
to the sheep in a bottle. Care must be
exercised not to strangle the sheep. Keep
the sheep dry and quiet, with plenty of
nourishing food and pure water. Sheep
often have a “dry” cough from a species
of “hair worm” (Tricocephalus') in the
intestines. If this is the trouble there
should also be diarrhoea. A good remedy
is a half ounce of salt one day, and one*
drachm of sulphate of iron the next. Con¬
tinue this for four days. This may be
given with the grain. Linseed meal is an ex¬
cellent food in such cases. Stimulating
and laxative roots, if they can be ob¬
tained, will be of good value.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

On page 322 I note an inquiry regarding
treatment for a cow with caked udder. We
have a cow which gave birth to twin calves
last. May and she had a very badly caked
udder. I tried hot water which did not help
much. I then rubbed her udder four times
a day about 10 minutes each time with lin¬
seed oil, and it did wonders. She has fully
recovered and is as well as before. i.

Connecticut.

On page 344 you ask “does millet injure
horses?" Y'es, if allowed to form seed before
it is cut. Ask F. II. M. whether his millet
was not cut when in seed.

Farmers here feed it to horses and mules
with uniformly good results, but cut it while
in bloom. Ask Prof. Ilicnebauch to investi¬
gate, whether those North Dakota farmers
who had bad effects from feeding millet hay,
did not cut the millet when in seed, and was
not that mare fed with millet hay with the
seed in that test that showed such bad effects
upon her. s. f. h.

Alabama. _

“It’s really very kind of you, Mr. Dum-
ley, to give me your seat,” said Miss Koy.
“Not at all,” replied Dumley. “We men
are getting very tired of being accused of
giving up our seats only to pretty girls.”
— Philadelphia Ledger.

“Dan; “I wonder if the Koh-i-noor is
still the biggest diamond there is?” Fan:
“I dono where that place Kohinoor is, but
if th’ diamond’s any more’n 90 feet each
way it ain’t regulation an’ oughtn’t to be
recognized.”— Baltimore American.

FOR SALE

MALE AND FE-
MALE EI.K at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM. Cincinnati^, N. Y.

FOR SALE ood one._ Price $20.

Short-horn Bull Calf.

A. W. GKAHAIl, Cast!*!© New York.

Choice Chester

_ _ _ _ _ White Pigs.

D. C. BRANDS, Delaware, New Jersey.

0 1 Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-

■ li Ui able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

0. 1. c.

prices.

Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
ail ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for

H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls. N. Y.

D| SPRING FIGS, Gilts and Service

I lj Boars. Best strains bred from
■ ■* Wi Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit. Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg:, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SSZSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BKOOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich •

O. X. C. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East I’lmrsalia, N. Y.

ST RICTLY O. I. C.

Standard Bred Spring Pigs, for
sale now, sired by Busy Tom, the
great O. I. C. of to-day. M. L.
Bowersox, R.3,Bradford,Dk,Co,0.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

In Calf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Springbank ,^§gS| Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right'
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A flnelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old Jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City, Kentucky.

LAKELAND HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

BULLS ready for service, A. R. O. dams, breed¬
ing of the best.

YEARLING HEIFERS, in calf by Mutual
Plctertje Paul.

A. R. O. COWS, of good breeding and in calf.
Write for particulars. WING R. SMITH, 37 and 38
Wleting Block, Syracuse, New York.

Star Farm Holsteins.

First Spring Offering. Groatest Ever Yet Made!
rA Registered Holstein-Friesian Cows, Cfl

UU . due this Spring . uU

$IOO . Per head and upwards . $IOO

C A Registered 2 year old Holstein-Friesian Cft
DU ....Heifers, due to freshen next Fall..,. yU

$90 Per bead and upwards . $90

iy PJ Registered Holstein Friesian Bulls, QC

£0 . ready for immediate service . £Q

THE BEST EVER OFFERED AT PUBLIC SALE.

$75 Per bead and upwards . $75

I ft Registered Male and Female Calves, some of
f U them grandsons and granddaughters Of Aaggie
Cornucopia Pauline, Champion Cow of the world, A.
R. O.; seven day record, 34.31 pounds.

£JO A. R. O. Cows, In calf to Aaggie Cornucopia
UU Pauline Count No. 20642 ; and Mercedes Julip's
Pletertje's Paul, No. 29830; combined A. R. O. butter
records of dams, 63.63 poundsin 7 days, average per
cent, of fat 4.2. Greatestof any two bullsln the world.

$50 _ Calves for $50 per head and upwards — $50

Records are Official. Greatest Opportunity Ever
Offered. Now Is the time to start a foundation herd.
Prices reasonable. Full guarantee on everything.
Personal inspection Invited. Circulars will be sc.it
on application. _

HORACE L. BRONSON, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

Registered Guernseys.

' an Json of Rutilas Gold Basis dropped August,

ptembor, October, 1904.

J. H. HUNTER

Also two young cows.

WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD.

9

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
In one year,8heet Anchor’s Lassie, 4 7 6.2 lbs. of but¬
ter In one year, Azalia of Florbam, 400 lbs. of butter
In one year, Lucretla 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter in one

year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breed¬
ing stock for sale at all times, including the choicest
of heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings
at the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13
lirst and second prizes, and one champion¬
ship out of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable.
For further Information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New Yorker in writing.

Note. 15 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from SlOO to 0300, also several mature bull*.

PUBLIC SALE

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

Fourth. Public Sale

SYRACUSE, New York, June 8 and 9, 1905

This offering of 175 HEAD OF PURE BRED HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN CATTLE cannot but please all kinds of buyers.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY

A. A. OORTELYOU, Noshanir, New Jersey
T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, New York.

STEVENS BROTHERS HASTINGS CO., Lacona, New York.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, New York.
H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, New York.

We wish all that are interested to have a Catalog. The largest and best we have ever issued.

ADDRESS

S. D. W. Cleveland, Sales Manager, Syracuse, N.Y.

A PLEASED BUYER IS THE BEST ADVERTISEMENT

The good will, confidence and esteem of one’s friends are among the choicest things in life. I think no
one appreciates them more highly than I do, and for that reason it is more than gratifying to see at our sales
the same faces and names among the buyers that have been patrons at our sales for the past 25 years. This
alone speaks for itself. I shall lie satisfied if, in the future, 1 retain the esteem of those who have had con¬
fidence in me in the past, as well as the class of cattle that we handle.— T. S. C.

Those who have seen our present importation are free to admit that they are the best of any that we

have ever imported.

At the coming sale the "cream will ho thick,” and the chances for buying as good as at any of our former
sales. Many of the cows and heifers will he in calf to the famous GOLDEN FERN’S LAD and his blood
predominates. , , „ „ , , „

It has always boen our custom to sell no animal unless wo statod all faults, and to care for the comfort
of the cattle, in such a manner so that when they left our stables buyers could expect reasonable
improvement. , , , , . .

Our most sanguine expectations have been more than realized, through letters we are receiving from
buyers. Among the number to he sold are so many “Toppers” that we do not want to he partial, and will
cheerfully mail the catalogue free of charge to anyone, that alone tells the tale, and from which, those that
are interested, can mako their own preference, liar* Catalogues ready May 1, 1905.

Address

Mention Rural New-Yorker.

T. S. COOPER & SONS,

“ Linden Grove,” Coopersburg, Pa.

For Sale Cheap
HOLSTEIN BULL

Two-thirds White. Bom Oct. 16. 1904. Sire, “Soldene
Olothilde Artis." Sire of 8 tested daughters. Dam,
"Felicia 3d," 15 lbs. 15 oz. at 3 years. Avery large,
fine cow. He will please you and you cannot afford
to use a grade at the price l will make.

Oakland Farm. T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, N. Y.

Regist'd Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
F»ncy of Eureka 180891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna

B RILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home Of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Ponghquag, N. Y.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. MeLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForcat Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Frlesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rilton, Ulster C0..H.Y.

_ i* Sale

ire bred Holstein-Friesian Bull and Heifer Calves
am registered and record stock. Prices moderate,
rite promptly. W. W- CHENEY, Manlius. N. Y.

from 3 to 18 months old. A
few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHABLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y-

HOLSTEIN BULLS

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you w ant write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

OEDXBY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of Im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard- Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

%W Correspondence solicited.

GKDNKY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

en I will sell you a registered JERSEY BC

KrtalrV Rt.fB'k T TttRflv for HfirvifRP! at, fftHTlPr

BULL,

Rogistorod «T erseys

9 Heifers, 3 to 14 mos. 6 Bulls 2 to 8 mos. old. St
Lambert Strain. “ Sire a Pure St. Lambert. ’’

J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster. Pa

Good health for calves
Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years otd.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHER0N and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. We now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J, Crouch & Son, LaPayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenth, SedaIla,Mo., San Jose, Cal,, and London, Canada

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

4i9

SUMMER BUTTER MAKING AT
HOME.

A pantry on the northwest corner of
the house, with two windows, is an ideal
one to raise cream. Do not put food of
any kind that has an odor with milk.
Have the shelves bare, so that they can
be kept clean with hot water. As long
as the weather will permit I keep cream
and butter in the pantry. Have the cellar
cleaned; the windows replaced with
screens. If the sun shines in have a board
at hand to put up to them in the morn¬
ing, taking away as the air grows cooler.
A large box does duty as a table. This
box turned over holds carrots in the
Winter. It is taken out each Spring and
thoroughly cleaned. The side of a pack¬
ing case three by five feet makes a plat¬
form on which to churn when I cannot do
it upstairs. When the butter comes I
bring it up to wash, as it is sometimes
necessary to wash in 10 waters. I do it
in the churn in very warm weather. The
cream is churned when it needs it, if it is
every day. I much prefer to have the milk
lopper, as it is easier to skim clean. I
skim morning and night when necessary.

I am governed by the condition of the
butter about working it, after working it
three times, if it shows signs of being
oily I leave it at once. In rolling it up
I dip the cloth in cold water, removing it
for a dry one before selling. I take no
more customers than I think I can furnish
the season through. I have had for sev¬
eral years 25 cents in Summer, 28 in Win¬
ter. The surplus is packed in crocks and
sold at the current price. I make some
cheese each year when there is a flush ot
milk. With the utmost vigilance there are
times when the butter will not be so good.
It cannot be good unless much time and
thought are used in making it. I depend
on the cellar almost entirely. In a very
warm spell I put the cream pail in a tub
of cold water to lower the temperature;
never in the well, as I consider it too
much of a risk. The trouble and ex¬
pense of cleaning a well should the cream
accidentally get into it would be too great.
Keep all utensils clean, use plenty of cold
water and your butter will be good.

MRS. F.

GOOD MILK RATION.

What is a good feed for a cow that was
fresh in November; seems to he drying up
some? I have’ good Herd’s grass and clover
hay. Iler feed is six quarts of mixed feed a
day and all the good hay she will eat up
clean. I make butter to sell. Give a good
ration of grain if you can that is profitable
to feed. J. c. a.

In addition to what good hay the cow
will eat clean a good grain ration is two
pounds wheat bran, three pounds hominy
feed and three pounds of cotton-seed meal.
This will make butter of unusually fine
quality as far as feed is concerned. An¬
other good grain ration is three pounds
mixed feed and two pounds each gluten
feed and cotton-seed meal. This also
will make a nice quality of butter. After
cows begin to shrink it is very hard to
bring them back to their natural flow.
It is much easier to keep the flow even
from the start. h. g. m.

Dairy Cows and Good Milk. — In regard to
F. A. B. page 367, buying heifer calves, if he
was here in Delaware County, N. Y., in Feb¬
ruary or March he could pick up all the
young calves he would want, and get them
from dairies that give rich milk. Thousands
are killed annually and their hides sold for
75 cents each. Almost everyone sells milk
and it is about impossible to raise calves on
creamery separated milk ; even when one can
get it, the creameries would rather mix it
with their whole milk and ship to the city.
It is “good enough for the city people!’’
Dairies are very few in this section that test
less than four per cent butter fat. T have a
list of 20 dairies before me, that average four
to five. Of course I remember in a recent issue
of The R. N-Y., that three< or four writers
from the central part of the State commented
on the Cowan bill and felt so sorry for the
poor dairyman with his poor dairies that
could not give 3.3 milk, and that half of
the cows would have to be thrown out. It
was too bad that those Holstein men should
advertise the poor dairymen’s herds In the
way they did and no doubt they think every¬
one believed it, but the farmers are not all

fools merely because they keep silent. I was |
in favor of the Cowan bill, for the purpose
of stopping the skimming of milk at the sta¬
tions, selling a can of cream for about $16
and adding one-fifth skim-milk to the whole
milk, thereby taking the place of whole
milk. The facts are that the poor dairyman
could stand the 3.3 test but the much adver¬
tised ITolsteins would have had to go away
back and sit down. E. E. s.

Delaware Co., N. Y.

The Curse of Maggots. — I see many inqui¬
ries in the farm papers concerning maggots.

I consider them the worst pest which the
market gardener has to contend with, for
there is scarcely any practical way to destroy
them. I have lost several hundred dollars
from the depredations of the cabbage and rad¬
ish maggots during the last two years. All
my ground is now infested with them, so that
last year I had to rent extra ground for my
cabbage and radishes. By not raising cab¬
bage and radishes on my soil this season I
hope to starve them out and get rid of them.
In fact, this is the only practical remedy
where these crops are raised on a large scale.
The Cabbage maggot will not bother onions,
nor the Onion maggot cabbage or radishes.
Both originate from eggs deposited by flies
very similar to common house flies. Last
Summer I had one acre of early cabbage in
two separate patches, both of which were
badly infested. In the one patch, as soon as
I noticed the eggs deposited around the plants
I scraped the soil away down to the roots
and filled the excavation around the stems
with fresh ashes and a teaspoonful of nitrate
of soda, neither of which did a particle of
good. The maggots hatched and thrived in
the ashes as they would in soil, and destroyed
nearly every plant. In the other patch I
made a slight excavation around each plant
and poured about a cupful of carbolic acid
solution around each, following the first ap¬
plication with another a week later. In this
way I saved nearly every plant, and raised a
fine crop. I saved most of my late cabbage
by sowing radishes thickly between the rows.
Most of the maggots attacked the radishes,
which were destroyed, together with the mag¬
gots, by the use of the cultivator. A second
brood of maggots then attacked the cabbage,
and as the stems were then too large and
tough for them, they crawled up into the
heads and injured many. Nine-tenths of all
my radishes during the past two seasons have
been ruined by maggots, of which they seem
to be the favorite food. I know of no profit¬
able way to destroy the maggots on radishes
or onions in large patches, as the amount of
carbolic acid necessary is too large, and the
labor of applying too great. o’, d. e.

I’iqua, O.

HOW YOUR SEPARATOR

MAY PAY FOR ITSELF.

♦♦♦♦♦♦

With the unprecedentedly high prices for butter there
never was so important a time to make the most profitable
of all investments for everyone having cream to separate
as the Cream Separator.

But some who should have a machine do not have the
ready cash and all may not understand that this isn’t
necessary in the purchase of the best of Separators. *

Others who have a small amount of cash are tempted
to put it into some trashy cash-in-advance machine
because they cannot immediately command the full
amount necessary to buy a DE LAVAL.

But there is no such necessity. More than 200,000
of the 600,000 users of DE LAVAL machines have prac¬
tically let their machines earn their own cost, which they
have done the first year and have kept on doing every
year since.

If you have the ready cash of course there is a liberal
discount for it. But if not, any reputable buyer may se¬
cure a DE LAVAL machine on such liberal terms that it
actually means the machine paying for itself.

Send today for catalogue and name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

silos’

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Koof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

>E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.#

/f BLATCH FORD’S X

SUGAR and FLAXSEED \

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR AND
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

OIRTV MOLASSES, MILL FEED OR REFUSE

• Food for Slock at quarter the coat of Stock F<
l Recommended by Agricultural hxperlment Stations a.
^thousand* of Farmers. Write for lamplet and price*.

THE BARWELL MILLS. Waukeflan, I '

ru nt tc,

NO O

beal

Recomi

thoua

use

: Food*,

iaand

cea.

\.w

“Well,” said Mr. Titewad, putting
down his paper, “that woman who got all
that money from those bankers certainly
was shrewd. Seems like a woman can
always get money from a man, no matter
how cautious he is.” “She can,” re¬
marked Mrs. Titewad, “so long as she
isn’t married to him.” — Judge.

GREAT SEPARATOR CONTEST

Held Dec. 17, 1903, at Minnesota Dairymen’s
Convention

Our Claim

: We will place a Sharplos Tubular beside
any other separator and guarantee the Tu-
! bular to cut in half any record for clean
skimming the other machine can make.
The Challenge

Three competitors, each beaten hundreds
of times singly, band together and enter a
contest aguinst the
L Sharpies Tubular. Pro-
| vldlng the “combine-
of-three” are allowed
to furnish the milk.

Providing the “com -
bine-of-three” dictate
temperature of milk.

Providing the “com-
bfne-of-three” dictate
quantity of milk. Pro¬
viding tho “combinc-
of-three” run three ma¬
chines, and if any one
leaves less than double
the fat of the Sharpies
I Tubular they win. The
I “combine-of-three” select cold, hard-sktm-
I ming cows’ milk (62° to 70°) 200 ibs. at a run.
„ The Result

Sharpies Tubular . 05

“The Combine) Alpha De Laval.,
of Three’

,175

,125

j United States .

1 _. „ I Empire . 450

The report was signed by Robert Crlck-
f more* Creamery Mgr.; A. W. Trow, Pres..
Minn. Dairymen’* Ass’m ; and E. J. Henry,
Babcock Tester Expert, the judges mutu¬
ally agreed upon. Write for complete re¬
port and catalog E-153.

Get a bottle — cures pains
Pratts Veterinary Liniment.

Mftdeby Pratt Food C>., Pbila. Qvar 30 years eld>

A Perfect Machine.

The Reid Band Separator is built along the lines of
honesty, simplicity and effect¬
iveness. No standing on tip¬
toe to fill can or getting on your
knees to clean or adjust. It’s a
ti m e-saver— a money-saver .and
the best hand separator made.
Will last a life-time. The

Retd Hand
Separator

is guaranteed to do just
what is claimed for it, and
if the buyer is not satisfied
with it, tho money will be
refunded. Credit and 30
days’ free trial , if desired.
W rite at once for catalogue.

A. H. REID CREAMERY It
DAIRY SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia.
Agents !— T>e»n A Co., Minneapolis, Minn., and
Mower-JIarwood Co., Cedar Kapids, Iowa.

Get ALL
the Butter
Out of
Yo u r Milk

If you don’t get all the
butter out of your milk (
you don’t get all the profit
out of your cows. You can
not get all the butter out of your
milk by the old-fashioned way of skim¬
ming, but you can with a

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

It skims to a trace and Is the
easiest to run, easiest to wash,
most durable of all separators,
saves its cost the first year.
Send to-day for our Book 50 which
proves that you need & National

Monthly Payment Plan

When desired, the N ational Sepa-
Full can be purchased on our

Height easy payment plan. This plan

4 ft. 4 In. requires no payment until the

Separator has proven Its worth
after five days'trial. Then cornea
a small cash payin'- H: the bal¬
ance in easy monthly .\*v^*.lments.

National Dairy Mab'dineCo.

Newark, X. J.
General W estern Agentsi
Hastings Industrial Co.,
70 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.
Desirable agents wanted in
unoccupied territory.

Fearless Horse Powers

T wo horse size guaranteed to produce .3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. Strong, safe, ossy for
horses. Always ready. Two horso slxo $100.
catalogue.

Mfg.Co. Box 11 . Coblesklll. N.Y.

420

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 2ft , 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PniCES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low pricc-i will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts And Making
P.iwdrr. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt. ,New York

Fearless

Threshers.

/

Best for single farmer or I
several neighbors. Withjj
tread power it's all indoors.

Suitable for either horse power or engine. Threshes and
cleans perfectly. Runs easy. Also Hoise Powers, En-
gines, Feed Cutters, Wood Saws, Silos, etc. Send for
catalogue. >

HARDER MFG. CO., Box 11, Coblesklll, N.Y.

stands
for

SPLIT IIICKORY-the world’t ,
standard in good buggies— 25% more
value at same price of others. Get'
something good nnd be satisfied. This 1

Split Hickory Special, $50

Made to order, sola on 30 days’ Free Trial,

guaranteed 2 years. 192-page free cata¬
logue tells all about all kinds of vehicles
nnd harness, all prices. Send for it today. ,

The Ohio Carriage

Mfg. Co. $

(H. C. Phelps. Pre».)

Station 290

Cincinnati,

Ohio J

50,

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last,
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for windand tread power.
Made in four sizes for 1,4,8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.

THOS. ROBERTS,
Box 02. Springfield, O

Quaker City Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal,
cry r nil TDIA1 Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
OLI1 I Uli InlML horse power. Ball bear¬
ing. easy running. Freight paid. Send for free
38th Annual Catalogue.

The A, W. Straub Co i 47-49 CanalStvChicago.Ill

Agents

Hammer

Hatchet
Screw Driver
Staple fuller
Fail Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Pinchers

o Every Farmer Wants One at Sight

P Ono of our agents say a he will make $1500 next year. Webo*
^ lleve he can. This is the best seller we snw Write for
OO Rpvr-f.t. ftryfu plan to Agxnth. Make money now

~~ J. B. Foot© (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown,0-

The Great Agents Supply House.

r'^ qul—

8 TOOLS IN one3

Go Slow!

Do not think of buying a machine
for drilling for water, oil or any
other purpose without first inves¬
tigating our great

"CLIPPER

and

“Advance”

Machines.

They are by far
the greatest
Drills overpro¬
duced.

LOOMIS
MACHINE CO.,
TIFFIN. OHIO.

GREEN MOUNTAIN

■silo I

The Green Mountain is superior
to all other Silos and is in use on
the finest dairy farms in the country.

We want you to have a copy of
our New Free Catalogue. Write
for it now.

Special discount if you buy early.
Agents wanted in unoccupied
territory.

Note : We are manufacturers and dealers
in Machinery and Supplies for Dairy and
Creamer)' ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleas¬
ure Boa . etc., etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

kpATENTEPyAtjG^6^.? I POTS

TURNS

MILK

INTO

MONEY

OO'

ITHE

%

Cream Separator does it

SURELY — SIM PLY -SWIFTLY — SAFELY — STEADILY

LESS COWS BUT MORE BUTTER

“Last April I bought your No. 7 U. S. Cream Separator, after
trying other Separators. From the first clay of May until the first day
of January, 1 have made lbs. more butter from six cows than I did
the previous year from eight cows. I do not hesitate to say that, in my
opinion, you make the best Separator on the market to-day.”

Middlbburgh, N. Y., Feb. 7, 1905. WARREN TURNER.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago, Minneapolis. Omaha, La CroMe, Wi*., Sioux City, la., Kansas City, Mo.,

Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Buffalo, N. Y., Portland, Me., Montreal and Sherbrooke*

Que., Hamilton, Out., Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

404 ADDRESS ALL LETTERS TO BELLOWS FALLS, VT.

250 DIFFERENT STYLES

WE MANUFACTURE ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE LINES OF VEHICLES AND HARNESS IN THE WORLD.

. Every one embodies the results of over 20 «

| years of successful manufacturing ex- 1 , A

I.-,. perience. WE HAVE NO ACENTS, but I *1 $4-U

I ▼ J I »;pll direct to th*» tindpr a twn-vear I fT.,(7777H i J ML. s \

And

I And up , au UMTI-Kfcfc TRIAL KLAW. up

lg ex-

perience. WE HAVE NO ACENTS, but

sell direct to the users under a two-year
binding guarantee and on our

30 DAY FREE TRIAL PLAN.

You pay after you try
our vehicles and find
them O. K.

Write for our
FREE CATALOC

and lowest wholesale
factory prices.

COLUMBIA MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO., tfi&SSBm? Ohio

TILE ^DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE S?FjSSSS

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.

I Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
3 Pipe, Ked and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. W rite
for what you want and prices. joint II. JACKSON, ;e Third At.., Alb.ny, N. v.

WHITMAN’S^

LARGEST 8t MOST P
GUARANTEED

ALSO LARGE LINE FIR
S EM D

WHITMAN AGS

/nn’iBAUING
^PRESSES
E IN AMERICA.

/£ NO EQUAL
JLTURAL MACHINERY
LOGUE.

LOUIS, MO.

Received the GRAND PRIZE, highest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair, St. Lottie

Buy FARQUHAR Threshing Machinery

Don’t think of baying an engine or thresher until you send and geta Farquhar catalog, illus¬
trating and describing the celebrated Ajax Portable Threshing Engine, Penn a.
Traction Engine, center crank, steel ^reared throughout, with independent

Farquhar Hake and Ylbr ' ~

mounting, and Farquhar Hake and
Catalog: of Engines, lioller*,Saw Mills,
Threshers* We furnish small machinesfor
your own work or large ones for merchant
threshing, with self-feeder, wind stacker
and all up-to-date attachments.

Farquhar engines are easy steamer*
and have the latest improved
safety appliances, thoroughly
tested and guaranteed. No
record of a Farquhar boiler
ever exploding.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO. Ltd.

York, Fa*

>rator Separators* Write for ft*ee

OHIO

” Self Feed
Blower

Ensilage Gutters

will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters. Hence, they excel in the two most important points,

The new sizes will out:— CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 14, 12 to 15 tons per hour In 1*2 inch lengths. Power 8 to 1 0 H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 16 to 20 do do lOto I2H. P.

No. 1 0, 20 to 25 do do 12 H. P. "

And they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 Self Feed Cut¬

ters, both with Blower and Chain Elevators.

More money can be made out of milk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 6894c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage $5.86t£, with
Grain $2.46)4 State

Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay and 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 40 per
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silage costs about *1.50
per tonin silo. Catalog shows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of “Ohio” Cutters. “Modern Silage
Methods” tells everything about
silage from planting to feeding
and results. Price 10c., coin or
stamps. Manufactured by

THE SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO.

Tin Olds Portable Eng.na

QLDS ENGINES

Take Your Power to

Your Work

Insending outtheirlast specifications for'
gasoline engines for West Point, the U S.
War Department required them "to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all
others or the D.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either J
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.,

N. V. Agents, K. H. Doyo & Co., Binghamton, N. Y.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150 00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Powtr, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample Vv H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H.A. Dissinger&

400 Cherry Street

Wnglitsville, Penna.

A GOOD NAME IS BETTER

than promises. Buy the

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine

and you will have reliable,
safe and economical power.
Ill'll Catalogue mailed free.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

Waterloo, Iowa.

Writ,

for

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery to start or run. The original
»eed-controlled friction-drive Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engine shaft. No
belts. No beveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel necessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fuli.y Guaranteed.
MOTSINGKR DEVICE MFG. CO.,

58 .Main Street, Pendleton, Ind., U.S. A.

BALES 15

Kale

Gem and Victor Presses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy.
38 years — 18 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say Hay Press to GEO. EKTEL CO., Quincy, 111.

DOWNICIDE

Ttie only preventive to vegetation of fungus, blight,
curl leaf and .San Jose Scale, Sure death to every
known insect. An economical, clean, efficient, ready
to use insecticide and fungicide. Satisfaction
guaranteed or money refunded, Write for hook.
Downicide Chemical Co.,Middleport, N.Y.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PMTTCDO
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage U (J I I Lno
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE A6R’LW0RKS, Potlstown.Pa

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. W0
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

Vol. LXIV. No. 2887. NEW YORK, MAY 27, 1905. weekly, si.oo pkh year.

BUILDING A MODERN GREENHOUSE.

THE BEST SYSTEM OF GLAZING.

A Practical Question from Oregon.

One of our readers in Oregon wants to take down his
glass-covered vegetable house and rebuild. lie asks the
following questions: “What is the most improved method
of glazing a greenhouse? I have heretofore let the glass
lap about one-eighth of an inch, bedding (he glass in putty
and fastening with two-pointed tacks. In one season
the tacks would work loose, and many of them come out
so the wind would take the glass out and break it. Are
any houses glazed with the glass placed end to end and
fastened with strips nailed on the sash bar? I now have
two houses side by side, each house 30 by luO feet j-

want to put^it up as one h^vy^ 0„ by 1.>0 feet. Is it
better to have a solid roof of glass, or make it in sections
of six or eight feet in width? Will the glass in a solid
roof expand and shrink so as to loosen the glass more
than if it were in sections?"

Lapped Glass Preferred.

The method irtos* wit ely used in glazing greenhouses
is that now used by this correspondent, namely, that of
lapping the glass from one-eighth to one-quarter of an
inch, bedding in good putty, and fastening down with
brads or double pointed tacks. The loosening of the
tacks may be due to not having driven them deep
enough, or else is caused by the kind of wood used for
strips; for example, cypress may not hold the tacks
quite as well as yellow pine, though the former is per¬
haps the most popular wood for greenhouse building at
the present time. But if the double tacks are unsatis¬
factory I would suggest the use of ordinary wire brads,
three-quarter inch No. 16 brads having given us good
service for many years, though this system requires the
use of four brads for each pane instead of two double
tacks. Some greenhouse men are enthusiastic on the
subject of butted glass, and sash-bars may be had with
the separate strips for covering the glass, but unless the
roof has quite a steep pitch, and the glass is carefully
sorted and fitted, there is usually much more leakage
from a butted roof than from one in which the glass is
lapped, and consequently the believers in butted glass are
in the minority among the florists of our country. In
building a house 60 feet wide it would be much better
to use what is commonly known as the
“ridge-and-furrow system,” than to build
one large roof, dividing the roof into
four sections, each of which would be
15 feet in width, and supporting the in
tervening gutters and also the ridge¬
poles upon light iron posts. Wrought
iron pipe, either 1/ or two inches in in¬
ternal diameter is a good material for
the posts, being sufficiently strong and
not casting much of a shadow over the
growing crop.

Pennsylvania.

this section arc built with their sash-bars 24 inches apart.
Massachusetts. F. a. waugii.

Lapped Glass with Glazing Points.

I believe 90 per cent of the greenhouses built within
the last five years are bedded in putty, and lapped about

for butting than our American-made glass. In regard
to two houses 30 x 150 or one 60 x 150, I would advise
building two 30-foot houses, but leave them open be¬
tween the two. Make your gutters at least seven feet
high. The glass in a solid roof will not expand very
much. Last Summer I built three houses 21 x 120 feet,
hut think it would have been better if 30 feet was the
width. By all means, do not build narrow houses;
there is nothing gained and much to lose by so doing.

Indiana. vv. w. coles.

How to UseJhr n“~

To my knowledge ti¬

re have been no great innova-
reenhouses in recent years. Many

A ONE-ARMED HUNTER. Fig. 173.

one-eignth of an inch. Nothing but the best grade of
putty should be used, and for keeping the glass in place
I 'iave found the Seibert zinc “Never-rust” glazing
points the best. They seldom work out, or get loose.
Four tacks should be used for each pane of glass, two

W. H. TAPI.IN.

Solid Roof, Says Prof. Waugh.

The best greenhouse builders do not
recommend butted glass as practical.

The method of lapping glass as prac¬
ticed by your correspondent is found in
practice to be better for most cases. We
have tried hutted glass extensively here
with and without strips, and we find it
highly unsatisfactory, especially when the
■Strips are used. I think it would be
advisable to put the houses together as
suggested in one 60-foot house. I should
make the roof solid instead of making it
in sections. In a house of this size there will need to be
plenty of purlin supports, that is, two or perhaps three
between the eaves and the ridge. If proper support
is given in this way light strong sash bars can be used
20 or 24 inches apart. The best modern greenhouses in

A BLIND JERSEYMAN HUSKING CORN. Fig. 174.

on the top to hold it down and two at the bottom to
keep it from sliding. Many of our Canadian brethren
use butted glass, and fasten it with wooden caps, with
satisfactory results, but I am of the opinion that the
English-made glass they use is cut to better advantage

Hons in "glazing

greenhouse builders use the Peerless glazing point,
which is a double-pointed carpet tack witli a kink in it
so as to fit the glass whether the glass is single or
double strength, there being two sizes made on that
account. When ordering state which kind is used. I
cannot understand, if the points are driven in sufficiently
firm, how they could work loose in one season or more.
It looks at this distance as though the lumber used for
the sash-bars was not sufficiently well seasoned, and
in the natural process of drying the shrinkage caused
the tacks to become loose. Many builders of green¬
houses secure the sash-bars (the lumber from which they
have been made is either naturally well seasoned or
is kiln-dried) often long before the building operations
are commenced, and they are given two coats of paint,
the first being made of the best white lead, not too thick,
in which is mixed a dash of “metallic brown” to give
a pinkish tint, and when this, the first coat, is thoroughly
dry one with more body to it is then given. The best
putty made is none too good to use on which to embed
glass for greenhouse glazing. A few years ago there
were some complaints about the Peerless glazing points,
because they rusted out too quickly, but now an im¬
provement in that respect has been effected by making
them of ,T non-rusting metal, I understand. Many flor¬
ists prefer to use zinc shoe brads ; those known as
“6-8 slim“ being the most in use, though others prefer
to use those known as “6-8 stout.”

The first move in glazing is to drive the first brad in
the wall plate perpendicularly or nearly so, for the first
pane of glass to rest upon. The next is
to drive a brad on each side in the sash
bars an inch or so from the lower end
of the glass, then at the upper end of the
glass, one on each side, an eighth of an
inch below the edge; this will allow for
a lap of an eighth of an inch, that is
most in general use. Tt thus takes four
brads to each separate piece of glass, ex¬
cepting the first, which requires five.
With a putty knife take off the putty
flush with the glass ; no puffy as in olden
times is used over the glass. As soon
as possible after the roof is glazed a good
coat of paint is given, taking care to rub
same in well to fill up what few cracks
in the putty there may be, and also that
part of the sash-bar exposed to the out¬
side weather. The sash-bar on the in¬
side of the greenhouse is better painted
with a portion of zinc, as being less af¬
fected by the discoloring mildew than it
is if painted with only white lead and
linseed oil. There are a number of
commercial greenhouses glazed on what
is known as the butted glass system,
especially among florists in Canada,
but wherever it has been tried around Philadelphia
it has not proved to be as satisfactory as the “lap”
plan. When the butted glass principle is used, glass
that is as “broad as long” is most frequently used, as a
better opportunity is thus given to make a more com-

422

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 27,

plete lit, as that is the secret in glazing to avoid “drip”
as much as possible. Instead of the strips that are
used to secure the glass in position being nailed, screws
are used, preferably those with round heads.

Greenhouses have been built in the neighborhood of
Philadelphia 56 feet wide (the sash bars are 32 feet
long), but personally I would prefer them more on what
is called the “ridge-and-furrow” plan, or as your reader
says, “six or eight feet in width,” with the gutters
seven or eight feet high, as there would be naturally
less- strain on the lesser than on the larger roof, espe¬
cially in windstorms. At some points on the Pacific
Slope what is known as the redwood lumber is in gen¬
eral use for all purposes, being very durable, and is very
often used without any paint whatever. A first-class
job of glazing greenhouses cannot be made without at
least three coats of paint. edwin lonsdale.

Pennsylvania.

Good Construction Needed.

I would suggest to your correspondent that he pur¬
chase “Greenhouse Construction,” by. Prof. L. R. Taft.
It is an extremely valuable work, and answers his ques¬
tions in detail. I think the reason his double-pointed
tacks worked loose was the light construction of his
houses, which gave too much spring during high winds
or from snow. This is obviated by st i fTer sash bars or
purlins, with supporting posts nearer together. Houses
are built with butted glass, and caps are placed upon
the sash bars to hold the glass in place and are fas¬
tened by screws. To replace a square of glass these
caps must be unscrewed. Putty need not be used under
this method, but in a cold climate like ours, where
heavy winds are frequent, I believe a good glazing of
first-class putty would give a much warmer house.
Ye have both the butted and lapped glass and do not

~ It lakes considerably
think there is much i J

longer to lay the butted, as i',* /'S

closely. I would use the grooved sash bar to carry
away the drip. I do not think there would be any ob¬
ject in building a roof in sections, but a house 60 feet
wide would need to be thoroughly braced.

Maine. f. c. curtis.

Thirty -foot Houses Preferred.

I would advise the Oregon reader to build either one
60-foot house or two 30-foot houses solid roof. I
would prefer two 30-foot houses, as a 60-foot house will
be very high at the ridge. There is no danger in a
solid roof from expansion or contraction of the glass.
The most improved method of glazing greenhouses is
to lap the glass and bed it in good putty. Add some
white lead in the putty, and fasten the glass with stout
zinc points or the perfect double glazing points. If he
uses large glass the zinc points are best; he will not
have any trouble with their working loose. I would not
advise him to butt the glass end to end, as there will
always be some drip, which is injurious to the plants.

New Jersey. _ f. c. schweinfurth.

FANCY MARKETS FOR EGGS .

How can I reach a fancy egg trade or obtain an advance
above market quotations for strictly fresh eggs? Which are
the most satisfactory customers, private, hotel or restaurant,
or commission merchant? Should eggs be stamped with
name and address? How should the price be regulated, by
an advance above highest market quotations or a set price
for certain periods of the year? How are the eggs graded
as to size? Would advertising in the dailies of large cities
reach private customers? I have a flock of about 300 White
Leghorns which I expect to increase. I am at present sell¬
ing the product in the local market at market price, which
is 18 cents per dozen, the lowest price reached yet for the
season. a. c. p.

New York.

There are always two sides to everything, even the
poultry business, one no more important than the other,
and the marketing of your product to advantage is
almost as hard as raising the article for market. There
is a market for fancy eggs, but how to handle it, to get
it and keep it, is quite a study. Taking for granted we
have fancy eggs, large and pure white, the first obstacle
we run up against is the difficulty of supplying them
throughout the whole year, October and November are
the weak points, which must be met each year with a
large number of early pullets. A good hotel trade is
perhaps the most satisfactory of all the markets,
and the best way we know to handle it is giving
a guaranteed article at an advance over the
regular market quotations. Go personally and see the
manager and get him interested in having a fine product
coming regularly that he is absolutely sure is fresh, and
he will stand for an advance. The private family trade
is the most work and the best pay, the hardest to get
started; but once you get a start it grows of itself, as
the people will tell their friends where they get those
delicious eggs. For both private family and hotel trade
the eggs should be put up in strong locked boxes, well
marked, and either painted or varnished so as to be
neat-looking packages.

Remember that the fancy egg trade is peculiar in some
respects. You can never replace an egg that reaches
your customer’s table bad, or even slightly stale, and

your care must be to see that nothing leaves the farm
you are not sure of. The commission merchant is not
in it with the two kinds of markets mentioned already,
but there is another market which depends on where
you are located whether you can handle it or not. I
refer to public institutions, such as hospitals, sanitari¬
ums, asylums, homes, and schools. These we have
found good markets at reasonable figures. Personal
calls on the managers or stewards you will find much
more to the point than advertising in any of the dailies,
and the stamping or dating eggs is a matter of detail
to be done, or ieft undone, as you find your market
demands. floyd q. white.

STRAWBERRY BASKET CARRIER.

At Figs. 175 and 176 are shown a handy device in¬
vented by T. C. Kevitt, of New Jersey, for carrying

HANDY BASKET HOLDER. Flu. 175.

two baskets of strawberries home from market. A
great many retail buyers take two baskets at a time,
and the common way is to put them into a paper bag
or set one on top of the other and tie them together.
No matter how carefully this wrapping up is done some
of the berries will be crushed, and the whole package
will look messy when opened. With this device the
baskets are kept separate, no weight rests on them, and
a convenient handle is provided. The carriers fit in
any of the standard crates now in use, weigh about an
ounce, and are inexpensive. The idea is for the shipper
to furnish each crate with a set of the wire carriers,
and it is thought that the neatness and convenience se¬
cured by their use will, for many lines of retail trade,
ensure an advanced price, considerably more than
enough to cover the cost.

AN ADVOCATE OF THE SILO.

Experience in Construction and Feeding.

Having just emptied my last silo of its silage, I wish
to record my continued satisfaction with this excellent
Winter forage. The year’s experience has been a rather
discouraging one for a silo man, but as man has no
control over climatic conditions we are obliged to take
both success and partial failure as they come. I am
now very sure of one thing ; viz., that immature, late,
frosted corn will not make the best silage, and when

T

BASKET HOLDER IN HSE. Fig. 176.

this kind of material is put into a silo we cannot ex¬
pect it to keep as well as matured, unfrosted corn (by
matured I mean at the dough stage, when cut). But at
the same time, when caugfet by a frost there is no way
in which one can realize so much from his crop as
through the silo, and while, as stated above, the loss
will be somewhat larger than with good corn, still it
will not be as great as it would be if the corn were left
in the field. Carefully kept accounts with our silage
field show us that we can grow and harvest corn for
the silo for $1 per ton, and in an exceptionally good

year the cost is even less. I cannot give any figures as
to the value of a ton of silage, but after 15 years’ ex¬
perience with silage fed to dairy cows I consider its
value, if good and sound, at from $1.50 to $2 per ton.

When we installed the silo we were keeping from 20
to 24 head of cattle ; now on the same land we carry
from 30 to 36 head, so we credit the silo with increas¬
ing the capacity of the farm 50 per cent. Of course as
we increased the stock we increased the fertility of our
farm. We found it necessary to purchase more grain,
but this was offset by the prolonged period of milking
which our cows were easily able to maintain when
they had this succulent food during November and De¬
cember. From the little start at Winter dairying we
received during the first Winter after we built the silo,
we now dairy all the year round, a thing that one cannot
do unless he has succulent food for Winter feeding.
There is no crop that will furnish as much food per
acre as the corn crop, and no way in which it can be
so economically preserved as in the silo. I presume
R. N.-Y. readers understand thoroughly that all of our
farm crops, excepting the clovers, are rich in carbo¬
naceous material and poor in nitrogenous or muscle and
milk making elements, so when buying grain to feed
with silage select those with the largest percentage of
protein.

In the construction of a silo to-day, we have changed
our ideas somewhat from those of 15 years ago. Wc
now favor higher silos, with smaller surface exposure.
Probably about six square feet of surface per cow is
the maximum amount for best results; then if one has
a light crop and is obliged to feed a half ration he
can still keep ahead of the second fermentation. We
find it better to feed the lighter ration and make the
silage last until Spring, rather than to feed a large
ration for a short time. In shape I prefer the round
silo, as all sharp angles are obviated with this form.
I would locate the silo as near to the feeding alley as
possible, 'Tun' w.huVJ K”'h.l of wood, either using staves
or, if lumber is reasonable in price, take 2 x \S" aruf-
cut into lengths six or eight feet long; spike these
together in the form of an 8 or 12-sided silo. With
an adz cut out the inner edge of these planks, making
a true circle on the inside. Make several of these forms
and use them as hoops or stages to keep the silo from
spreading. Put the forms about two feet apart, one
above the other, at the bottom of the silo, and increase
the distance towards the top. Line up the inside of
these forms with good lumber and board up the out¬
side, and one has a good silo, all made of lumber and
spikes. If in a section where good lumber is expensive,

1 presume one of the readymade silos would be best.
The silo has come to stay and no dairyman should be
without some source of succulent food during the Win¬
ter months, and silage is the cheapest source of supply.
Build the silo well, make a good, strong, air-tight box
at least 30 feet high and from 12 to 16 feet in diameter,
depending upon the amount of stock to be fed. Plant
the corn 3j^ feet apart and give it thorough cultivation.
Use a variety of corn which will be in the dough or
glazing stage at the time of first frost, and when the
crop arrives at this stage put it into the silo. Always
feed in connec'ion with some hay, giving a cow only 40
to 45 pounds (two bushels) per day, in two feeds. Do
not feed just before or at milking time. Feed nitrogen¬
ous grains in connection with the silage; ground oats,
bran, gluten, cotton-seed or linseed meal, and you will
be pleased with results, and save a lot of labor and
waste in harvesting the corn crop. R. J. weld.

Pennsylvania. _

AN INEXPENSIVE BATHROOM IDEA.

long, narrow kitchen 20 x 10 feet is divided by
a partition five feet from the end. The ceiling is
eight feet high. The partition we decided to have six
feet high ; this will allow the hot air from the kitchen
to pass over and heat the bathroom. The door we ar¬
ranged directly in line with the stove, to furnish ad¬
ditional heat, and also to lessen the distance to carry
the hot Avater for the bath, which will have to be heated
by the stove. Our pump draws the water from the
cistern. On one side a convenient arrangement for
washing is shown in Fig. 177, a tight box fitted to the
wall with wooden brackets, the seams well filled with
putty and then painted with white enamel. A hole is
made in the bottom of box, and a two-inch drain pipe
fitted into same. The waste water from this and also
from the bath flows into a flower bed, which is situated
right at side of kitchen. The towel rack is made from
a curtain pole painted white to match the woodwork.
The walls, four feet high, are covered with blue and
white tiled paper. A rug in front of the bath, with
all the other toilet accessories, completes the thoroughly
practical, convenient and artistic bathroom, the ex¬
pense for the comfort derived amounting to but little.
The bath chosen is one that requires little water on
account of the long, narrow end. Bath cost $6 ; pump,
92 cents ; plumbing, $6 ; other expenses, $1 ; total,
$13.92. M. s.

Long Island.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

423

WHICH FIELD FOR ALFALFA ?

One of our readers in Vermont asks us the following ques¬
tion concerning the best location for Alfalfa. Which field
would you select, and why? “I would like your opinion as
to which of three pieces of ground would probably prove
most satisfactory for Alfalfa. The first is sandy and grav¬
elly, and next to the river. The second is a light soil on
high ground. It could be irrigated by means of a hydraulic
ram from the river. The third is a swamp, which I intend
to drain."

The swamp land could hardly be considered until it
was drained and had been cultivated for a time. I do
not believe anyone can tell which of the other pieces
would be the best adapted without making a trial. If
the subsoil is not filled from the river I think it would
he much more fertile than the high ground, and if so
the best place; otherwise I should make the high land
rich and use that. h. e. cook.

Lewis Co., N. Y.

By all means take the second field. Alfalfa is very
impatient of water in the subsoil. I infer that the
level of the first field is not much above the level of
the water in the river. This being the case, standing
water will be found in that field too near the surface.
The swamp will not answer at all, as it is impracticable
to drain it sufficiently deep to suit Alfalfa, for which the
water table in the sqU should be from eight to 12 feet
below the surface. wm. p. brooks.

Mass. Experiment Station.

I should select, first, the sandy or gravelly soil next
to the river, provided it is well drained, and second,
the light soil on high ground. I should be rather in¬
clined to suspect that the swamp land would not be
well adapted for the plant, though if well drained and
limed heavily, the conditions might be made favorable.
The reports on Alfalfa this Spring are uniformly good.

I have seen quite a large number of very excellent
stands in different sections of the State. I think it
is largely a question of learning how to handle the
plant, D. C. Lewis, of Cranbury, is very enthusiastic
over his seeding of last year. Our own crops arc very
fine this Spring, with the exception of weeds, which
bother the first cut particularly, and I am discouraged
in my attempts to get rid of them. e. b. voorhees.

New Jersey Exp. Station.

Our Bulletin 114, put out in April (which discusses
Alfalfa in Vermont) says on page 128, concerning
choice of soils, that “open loams over deep, loose, allu¬
vial subsoil” are suitable soils for Alfalfa; “if of lime¬
stone origin so much the better. A fertile soil is de¬
sirable, but a permeable one is yet more to be desired.”
It further says that the following soils are unsuitable:
“Ill-drained soils, those on which water stands at any
time ; those which become water-logged or saturated
for more than a day or two at a time; soils underlaid
with hardpan or with subsoil of dense texture, unless
it is situated well below the surface; soils that heave in
Winter.” I should imagine that the swamp soil would
be undesirable. Whether or not the first one would
be worth while would depend upon the distance of the
water table from the surface. The second-named soil,
if not acid, would, I should say, be likely to be rather
better than the first. Joseph l. hills.

Vermont Exp. Station.

R. N.-Y. — The bulletin referred to states that out
of 56 trials with Alfalfa in Vermont 21 were failures,
or practically so; 12 were permanently successful, and
23 partly successful. The best results were obtained in
the Champlain Valley. The soil there seems best
adapted to Alfalfa, and many who tried it were good
sheep farmers, who realized the great value of the plant,
and worked hard to meet its needs.

In case the first-mentioned plot of sandy, gravelly
soil next the river is not too low it would be best for
Alfalfa. The second, if not too light, and treated with
a good coat of stable manure, well worked in, might
be satisfactory. The third, however, is entirely unfit
for Alfalfa. In relation to methods of preparation,
would say if the land is dry and somewhat cloddy roll
it hard after seeding. If it is moist so that rolling
would pack it unduly, drag with a plank drag. Leave
it smooth. If you can get earth from an old Alfalfa
field in good health sow some of this soil on the field.
There are three principal causes of failure in Alfalfa
growing. The first and most prevalent one is lack of
proper bacteria in the soil. This can easily be remedied
by securing soil from a field where Alfalfa grows lux¬
uriantly, and where it has grown for years. The older
the field the better. The soil acts much as yeast does.
When the conditions are made right the bacteria spread
rapidly, and soon the whole field is impregnated and the
crop will grow. Such soil may be spread on fields where
Alfalfa is already feeble, and if this is the difficulty the
result will be beneficial. The second cause is lack of
potash in the soil. If properly inoculated and drained
the strong clay soils are the best. On any other, and
even on these, an application of sulphate of potash or
a mixed fertilizer rich in potash will be of decided ad¬
vantage. If the so.il is in the least acid, an application
of 20 bushels of lime per acre is absolutely necessary.

The third difficulty is lack of drainage. Alfalfa
likes plenty of water, but there .must not be so much in
the soil That air cannot get to the roots. If the soil is
water soaked for any length of time the crop will not
thrive. F. e. dawley.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

FLOUR AND KEROSENE FOR SPRAYING.

At the Canadian Experiment Farm, Ottawa, Canada,
experiments have been made with lime and kerosene.
The mixture gave excellent results, and is considered
well worthy of trial. Prof. Shutt used freshly slaked
lime, as he says it makes a smoother mixture than

ordinary air-slaked lime. We do not understand that
he used limoid at all. He makes what he calls a perfect
emulsion by selecting a half pound of good quicklime,
adding one quart of kerosene and then two gallons of
water, the whole to be thoroughly churned until it is
mixed. He has also used what he calls a flour emulsion.
In this, flour was substituted for lime. One quart of
kerosene is placed in a pail or barrel, and eight ounces
of flour added. This is thoroughly stirred and mixed
up, and two gallons of water for each quart of kerosene
added. The whole thing is vigorously churned or
mixed, as is done with limoid, from two to four min¬
utes. If the emulsion is required for immediate use,
less flour can be used. In one case, two ounces of
flour with one quart of kerosene was used, but when
this was left standing for a few hours, the kerosene
separated too much. It is also found that by scalding
flour before adding the kerosene less weight is re¬
quired. This flour mixture is smooth, easier sprayed
and does not clog the nozzle. It is just as effective as
the lime or limoid and kerosene, and does not whiten
the trees or foliage. In most cases, however, limoid
would be cheaper than the flour. Still, where good lime
cannot be obtained it is possible to use the flour, es-

THE WEEPING ROSEBUD CHERRY. Fig. 1 78.

See Ruralisms, Page 426.

pecially where a small amount of spraying is to be done.
This flour emulsion can also be added to Bordeaux
Mixture or Paris-green if desired.

DAY FARM LABOR IN DELAWARE.

Referring to page 396, in regard to farm wages, we
pay here 85 cents per day. Men board themselves and
work from sunrise to sunset with one and one-half
hour at noon. They live in town and walk a mile to
work. We have men who ''live in houses on the farm
to whom we pay 75 cents a day, find house, firewood
and let them have horse to cultivate truck patch. They
also keep chickens and raise a hog or two. They
board themselves, of course. This is for the entire
year, any kind of work. For any extra heavy work,
like harvesting hay or wheat, fodder, etc., we pay

$1, and for picking peaches usually 10 cents an hour.

T am at a loss to see how a farmer can do 10 hours’
work at ordinary farm work. With men at work in
factories, they can work 10 hours every day, but on
a farm rain or bad weather may delay certain kinds of
work, making it necessary to work longer. Besides,
teams must be fed early, milking, etc., done, so that
with the crops grown here I cannot see how ten-hour
work can be done. Ten hours usually means to begin
at seven A. M. Our first berry train leaves about nine
A. M., and if we began at seven how much could we
accomplish? Suppose a man has a field of hay in prime
condition for housing? Pie must quit at six P. M.,
when he could probably complete the job by night.

It would be interesting to know what crops your
Maine correspondent grows so he can afford to pay
$1.35 to $1.50 for 10 hours’ work. Up to two years ago
we paid 75 cents a day to town men who boarded
themselves. If wages advance any more we cannot
grow crops at a profit unless the price increases. The
crops grown and prices received for same make a great
difference in farm wages. Plere our leading farm crops
are small fruits, potatoes both sweet and white, vege¬
tables like peas, tomatoes, corn, etc., cantaloupes, water¬
melons, peaches, pears, some apples and plums. All
these are money crops ; wheat and corn are largely
grown more as secondary crops, the latter for
feed; also hay. Some little dairying is done; not much
stock ; quite a lot of poultry. Berry picking is paid
for by the quart, lj/2 cent being the price for straw¬
berries and blackberries, and two cents for raspberries.

A good picker will make $1 to $1.50 in five to six hours,
and many $2.50 and up to $3 on long days. Let us
hear prices for farm help from other localities and
the crops they grow. Of course we use all the farm
machinery we can, but there are not so many labor-
saving machines for fruit as there are for hay and
grain crops. chas. wright.

Delaware. _

CROP FOR PLOWING UNDER.

What Is the best thing for me to plant this Spring for the
purpose of plowing under and enriching a light sandy soil,
and without much expense in first fertilizing? The books
say that Red clover needs a deep rich soil, so I am afraid it
would not be well. I see in the catalogues different
“vetches” advertised for poor soils. Would they be good?
And could I make any use of them for food for a horse, or
chickens, besides plowing under? Also, is such land good
for field corn or oats, and would it pay me to try and raise
these for a horse and chickens — -hiring all the work done?

I wish some one could tell me how to get a good cow for $30
to $40 ; or how much one ought to pay for one with
enough Jersey blood in her to make good, rich milk for gen¬
eral purposes. h. m. w.

There seems to be no leguminous plant adapted to our
northern latitude that will thrive on sandy soil. It
is very difficult indeed and a slow process to build up
this kind of soil without some added fertility and I
doubt about the wisdom of trying it. I know of no
plant that would do better than buckwheat. Sow early
and if you should, through favorable weather, get a
crop of grain, you could put back the straw and have
the grain to feed; if not, plow under the whole crop;
work for a couple of weeks and sow Winter rye, to
plow under early next Spring, about the 20th of May.
You could then perhaps get something of a crop of
corn. I should, however much prefer to buy and
apply 300 to 500 pounds high grade commercial fer¬
tilizer and be quite sure of having a crop to* harvest
this season, I consider it very unfortunate that people
generally think land cannot be improved in available
plant food without the use of legumes. I know bet¬
ter, and have previously given the history of a piece of
land that grew a crop of grain each year, chiefly with
250 pounds acid phosphate per acre, and gained yearly
in productive power. The decaying roots and stubble
surely increased the available nitrogen of the soil. Of
course, the clovers, etc., are better, but they have to
have new milk to feed upon, while buckwhheat and
oats will make something of a growth upon whey.

It is doubtful about much profit arising from hiring
all the work done upon this kind of soil, unless you
can sell the produce in some way to city boarders at
two prices.

No one can tell you how to get a valuable cow for
$30 to $40, but you could find them here and probably
in your neighboring county, Washington, that under
good full feed for a year or more would develop into
$50 to $65 cows. I am surprised to know that the
country is full of most valuable cows. If they only had
enough to eat of a balanced ration every day in the
year, feeding 10 pounds of grain daily when in full flow
in Winter and five pounds in Summer ; in fact, never
less than four pounds daily when dry and all the
roughage they can eat, this kind of feed and care
would revolutionize the cow business in this country.
Buy a $30 to $40 cow and educate her into a $50 cow —
that’s a good business practice. h. e. cook.

The farm horse which is driven to town and made to
eat “post, meat” two or three nights a week after a hard
day’s work, can hardly be blamed for not laying much fat
on his ribs.

424

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 27,

FARMERS' CLUB

f Every query must lx* accompanied by
(lie name and address of the writer to in¬
sure al tendon. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
o r advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Grafting Plum Into Apricot.

E. A. C., East Hartford. Conn. — If I
should graft plum into a Russian apricot,
would 1 1 be likely to live? I have two of
the above, and .they seem to have but two
faults, the' fruit is about as large as a hick-
orynnt and as insipid as dishwater, and they
bloom so early that they are usually killed by
frost.

A ns. — The apricot and plum may be
intergrafted or budded with fair suc¬
cess. The Russian apricots that I have
seen were all of poor quality, and I think
E. A. C. has stated the case just right.
Many people have been induced to plant
this fruit, which I consider of almost
no value, and the trees may as well be
destroyed or worked over to something
be' ter. I would advise cutting back the
branches at once and budding the sprouts
in August, which 1 think better than
grafting. H. e. van deman.

Cement and Lime for Mortar.

./. /)., Huron. Ont. — I am about to build a
stable with concrete walls, and would like to
know if I can mix Portland cement and stone
lime together for mortar. I have built the
same kind of walls with lime mortar, and
think that if the two will work together a
much stronger wall would result. If they
will, what would lie about t lie right propor¬
tions?

Ans. — Yes, you can lay your wall with
stone • lime and Portland cement mixed,
and have a sound piece of work. I am
assuming that it is to be built of large
stone, and not a concrete wall of gravel
or crushed stone. If the latter 1 would
use only Portland. After slaking the
lime (slake it just as nicely as for plas¬
tering), add one-quarter Portland; that
is, three parts stone lime and one part
Portland, and four parts sharp sand for
round stone, or five parts if flat stone.
For pointing after the work is done one
should always use about two parts of
Portland to three of lime. You will of
course put in a cement floor. h. e. c.

Mammoth Clover in Peach Orchard.

IP. E. L., Dundas, Canada .—I have a two-
acre peach orchard four years old. It was
well worked last Summer, and in August I
sowed it with Mammoth clover. It came
through tlie Winter all right. Now I am at
a loss to know what to do with it. I am
told this kind of clover will grow five to six
feet long. If I plowed it under when should
it be done? How big should the clover get
before plowing it under? There is every
appearance of a big peach crop.

Ans.— If the clover which was sown
is the Mammoth Red clover it will not
grow higher than from 2 to 2l/> feet, the
latter height being seldom reached. We
should advise the plowing under of the
clover at once, as the conservation of
moisture is of more importance than the
plowing under of a large crop of clover.
If the clover makes a good growth in the
Autumn there will be quite sufficient plant
food plowed under early in the Spring.
If there is promise of a big peach crop
it is all the more important to conserve
as much moisture as possible so as to
develop this crop to the best advantage.
The clover should he plowed under at
once, and thorough cultivation given the
orchard in the early part of the season.

W. T. MACOUN.

Use of Lime with Fertilizer.

S. L. P., Linnberville , Pa.- — I am about to
prepare for planting corn. I have some lime
ready to put on after plowing, intending to
work same into ground. It is an old sod.
I had expected also to use chemical fertilizer
at the rate of r>00 pounds to the acre. I am
told it will not do to use lime and fertilizer
at the same time. Is this right? I have
some raw bone meal analyzing 4% ammonia.
21. .">0 phosphoric acid, left over from Fall
seeding. I expected to mix 1,600 pounds
hone and 400 pounds muriate of potash for
this field of corn.

Ans. — The objection to the use of lime
with fertilizer does not seem to he well
understood. Phosphoric acid is found
combined with lime in three forms. When
three parts of lime are combined with

one of phosphoric acid the combination
is called insoluble, as plants cannot make
use of it readily. When two parts of
lime combine with one of phosphoric acid
the combination is not soluble in water,
but is to a considerable extent in the
acids which are secreted by the plant.
These acids are about the strength of
weak vinegar, so that this is used for test¬
ing phosphoric acid. When only one part
of lime is combined with one part of
phosphoric acid water will dissolve it.
Now- phosphate' rock from which acid
phosphate is made contains the insoluble
form, that is, three parts of lime to one
of phosphoric .acid. When this rock is
ground fine and mixed with sulphuric
acid the insoluble form is changed to the
soluble — that is, two parts of the lime
are taken away and the single part left.
Phosphoric acid has a great “affinity" for
lime — that is, the two rapidly combine
when put together. Thus when you put
acid phosphate in the soil and mix lime
with it the two combine and instead of
the soluble form of phosphoric acid you
are likely to have the insoluble — thus de¬
feating the very object for which the acid
phosphate was made. This is the chief
objection to using lime in connection with
fertilizer. In the case mentioned, where
ground bone is used, there would be little
objection on this account, since the phos¬
phoric acid in the bone is not likely to
take up the lime. We have not found
that corn responds to lime as does grass
or small grain. We would ratliqr, from
choice, use lime in the Fall when seeding
to grass.

Cattails or Flags for Forage.

Ho any of your readers know anything
about the feeding value of cattails, otherwise
called flags? Would they pay to put in silo?

Cape Cod, Mass. E. l. s.

The Massachusetts Experiment Station at
Amherst gives the analysis of some kinds of
salt grasses in Bulletin 50. which can he ob¬
tained from the Station. This work did not
include flags or “cattails.” The chances are
that it would not pay to put them in the
silo. Has any reader tried it?

Fertilizer for Potatoes.

I have noted that some correspondents pre¬
fer to buy the ingredients of commercial fer¬
tilizer and mix at home. This Spring I de¬
cided to give this plan a trial, and placed an
order for fertilizer in the form of 1 .TOO
pounds acid phosphate and 300 pounds muri¬
ate of potash to make a ton to apply to pota¬
toes, when planting witli planter. I very
strongly desire to be successful on the ven¬
ture, but am at a loss to know how to mix
evenly. Would you suggest to me a plan to
mix the ingredients so that I may obtain best
results from the test? e. d. r.

Bar to, Pa.

Unless you use stable manure or are plant¬
ing on a good clover sod you are likely to
fail with this mixture. It contains no nitro¬
gen. an element potatoes must have. The
acid phosphate and the muriate will not mix
well. They are both damp and sticky, and if
mixed are likely to cake or harclen into
lumps. We would much prefer to broadcast
them separately and harrow into the soil be¬
fore planting. You will have a much better
mixture if you will use 500 pounds of dried
blood or cotton seed meal in place of an equal
weight of the acid phosphate.

2 Horse Power

Gasoline Engine

$85.

DIRECT FROM
MANUFACTURERS

complete and fully guaran¬
teed. This is one of our reg¬
ular "Lazier Noiseless
line of engines. Any other
manufacturer would charge
you from $125.00 to $175.00
for one equal to it. We have
decided to sell more engines
and he satisfied with a small
profit. This is the reason of
the big cut in price.

This engine, illustrated above, is especially designed
for the farm, and is adapted for such work as churn¬
ing, grinding, pumping water, sawing wood, etc. It
will do the work of three men and is never lazy or
tired out. We are manufacturers of gas and gasoline
engines, not dealers, and in buying from us, you buy
from headquarters, and pay no fancy commissions to
anyone. We guarantee all our engines to develop the
full rated horse power and give perfect satisfaction.
We build 18 different sizes ot gas and gasoline engines
from 2 to 100 horse power and know we can furnish
just what you want. Drop ns a line, telling us for
what purpose you desire an engine, and you will
receive a reply from our exnert free. Address

LAZIER ENGINE CO., Buffalo, N. Y

CUTTERS

AND SMREODCR8
FOR ENSILAGE A DRY
FODDER. Also Latest
Improvements in-Car¬

riers. HARDER MFG. CO. , Box 11, Cobliskill. N. T,

Every variety of seed the farmer needs

W to make the farm pay. Northern grown, - - — - - — -

hardy varieties. We carry an especially attractive lot of Grass Seeds— Clover,
Alfalfa, Timothy, Millet, Blue Grass. Harvey’s Special Pasture Mixture, etc.

HARVEY’S SURE SEEDSt ,

are all tested and true to name. Field Seeds. Potatoes, Oats, Wheat, Barley,— the
beet that grow. Corn-the regular sorts and several new varieties of money¬
makers. some especially suitable for ensilage-flne for the dairy farmer. Write
for complete free catalog. Harvey Seed Co., 114EIlicott Street, Buffalo, N. x.

TREES

rr nCB I AA CDCIGUTT DA III Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina

rtil IUU) rntlUfl I r Mill Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.

AH kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.) .

Harrison

We have an exception¬
ally fine stock to offer
this spring — nearly 10,000.000 plants, strong rooted

ALL. THI

Strawberries

in the best possible condition.

Some <>0 varieties, including Bubach, Excelsior, Gandy, Haverland, Louis

Huboch,

iy.

Michell’s Early, Parsons, Sharpless, Warfield, Etc.

You will be surprised at the plant excellence. Prices are right. Try us with a first order this
spring. Arrival in perfect condition guaranteed. Send today for free catalog.

Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Maryland.

Leading Strawberry Plant Crowera ot America.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurserlea*
Drawer 1044— 1, Rochester, N.Y.

Established lSlfi.

Cow Peas! Cow Peas!! Sorghum

Seed, German Millet, ready now. Mail orders
promptly filled. Elbert G. Packard, Dover, Delaware.

A ■ 200 bu. Whip-poor-will:

■ lY w) M La EL 100 bu. Clay Cow Peas:
100 bu. Soja Beans; 20 bu. Stowell’s Evergreen
Sweet Corn: 2 bu. King of the Garden Lima Beans;
4 1m. Henderson's Dwarf Lima: Quality Very Fine.
Prices right. Address, W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.

SEED POTATOES

A fine lot of EARLY NORTHERS grown on
virgin soil. $1 per bushel: $2.50 per barrel while they
last. T. DRISCOLL, Kauneonga.Sull. Co., N. Y.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Me.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Climax, Parson's
Beauty, Senator
Dunlap and 50 other varieties. Send for price list to

D. RODWAY, Hartly, Delaware.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KKVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

SWEET CORN

Choice Stowell’s Evergreen
Seed, high vitality, 2 bushel
hag, $3: 5 bags, $12.50. O. W- CLARK & SON,
Seedsmen, Buffalo, New York.

r«D cm c— CHIMSON CLOVER Seed, $550
run OALC bushel: Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;

!nd growth Seed Potatoes. S.'i^Mo^s.SO barrel: Onion

CRIMSON CLOVER SEED

New Crop ready June 20. My own growing. Book
orders now, Elbert G. Packard. Dover, Delaware.

POTATOES

grown especially for SEED. 15
varieties, price right, list free.

SWEET PO I’ A TO PLANTS - Jersey Yellow,
Jersey Red, Big Stem, Red Bermuda, Pierson's
and other varieties. C. M. Harrison, Vineland, N. J.

PA DR APP PLANTS. Very Strong, E. Sum-
UADDAUL mer. Succession, Danish Bullhead,
$1, 1000: $4, 5000. F. W. Rochelle, Drawer3, Chester, N.J.

ffiBSplitHkkory,

Top Buggy guaranteed 2 years ,Soldon30 Days

■ t-> — - .

J Free Trial. It s a genuine
■Split Hickory that means
■25% more value. The biggest
■ buggy bargain of the year.
\Free 192 page catalogue.

\ The Ohio Carriage
Mfg. Co.

LH. C. Phelps, Pres.

Station 1T0 ^

^Cincinnati, Ohio

DEMAND INCREASING

every year for the Frost Fence. We are not surprised
as it contains the weight, strength and wearing quali¬
ties to last three times as long as woven fabric. It
pays to buy a good article.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO . Cleveland, Ohio.

YOU CAH’T AFFORD

to buy poultry fencing without in¬
vestigating The PAGE. It is made

of larger, stronger colled spring
wire, heavily galvanized, with
bottom spaces only 1H inches, re¬
quires fewer posts, no boards,
looks better and lasts much longer.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 255 Adrian, Mich,

ANCHOR FENCE

is strong, durable ..
economical — made
a common sense pi:
Sold to yon at mai
facturer’s prices. Se
to-day for Catalogue "D.’
ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO.. Cleveland, Oh

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

THE SMALLEY MODERN SILO FILLER

Takes less power, has greater capacity and
is cheaper to operate than any other silo
filler. Accidents impossible. Special
sizes. Prices lower thun for other
machines of equal ca¬
pacity. Our
free
cata¬
logue
proves
u!) this
true.

Scud for
it now.

SMAM.KT

JIANLFAITtJHIRG CO.,

Boxful , Manitowoc, His.

API P QU Plants ready Juno 15. Only $1 per
0 C L C It V 1,000. Best varieties. Also cabbage
plants same price. Sl«ymaker & Son, Dover, Del.

Your dealer has it
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

AIR-COOLED GASOLINE ENGINE

attached to horizont H spray pump. It can-hewever.
beattachedto any make, either horizontal
orvertical. We furnish spray pump con¬
nection in place of walking beam. Ample
power, handling with ease eight nozzles at
100 pounds pressure. Absolutely guaran¬
teed. Write for particulars.

R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y

f " -

To Introduce

The Farmer’s Friend

STEEL FRAME
PLANTER

A simple, compact, easily handled tool-
plants corn, beans, peas, popcorn, carrot,
beet, turnip or onion seed, with or without
fertilizer, in hill or drill.

Not a New Planter, but New h Some People.

In sections where Tho Farmer’s Friend is not used
we will sell a lew machines direct to users at
wholesale prices. Writeat once. The No. 4 Tiger
Planter, a real two row planter— not two single
planters In one frame. The most up-to-date planter
made. Full information and prices sent on request.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

im i r

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

with blower are guaranteed to do
more and belter work with ihe
same amount of power than
— rra other machines of
llie same or even
larger
size. We
rmanui act tire
different sizes
'ranging in ea-
rpacity from eight
rto l went y tons of
ensilage per hour.

-;.^A FAIR TEST

will demonstrate
the superiority of boss Machines
over all competitors.

Write to-day for FREE Catalog.

THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13, Springtiold, Ohio

i*rgcBt Manufacturers of Ensila-e Machinery in the World.
Write for Boss Manure Spreader Catalog.

55 Years’
Experience

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

425

CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKEHOUSE .

About a year ago 1 asked you for some
information regarding the construction of
a smokehouse, and you kindly published
my query and several replies from mem¬
bers of The R. N.-Y. family, but none of
them suited my case. I had the use .of a
neighbor's smokehouse, and it was a good
one of its kind, but too hot for my idea
of what a good smokehouse ought to be.
One morning, when riding over to start
a smudge in the basement of that house,
the idea occurred to me to build a house

w

r>-

Jk.

like the accompanying plan, as I was to
get out a cellar for a new barn anyway,
I thought there would not be much trouble
to build an oven and have a pipe from it
to the smokehouse, and so get away from
the heat of the burning wood, and yet have
all the smoke required. The plan will
explain itself, and the picture shows the

5-“

'v. ...

building as it stands at the end of the
barn, with- the meat showing inside the
door. The oven is three feet square, and
has a sheet-iron door opening into barn
cellar. The pipe leading from it to smoke¬
house is a 10-inch glazed earthen pipe,
with an elbow at each end to give the turn
required. Over the end of the pipe in
floor of house- you will notice an affair
marked “deflector;” it is a flat square

Iron.

Poor

who has a cellar can make a smokehouse
like this one, with very little expense, and
there will be little or no heat from the
oven. A thermometer 10 feet from my
oven stood at 40 degrees all the time I
was smoking (15 days). Some people
might think that this was far too fine a
house for them to build, but if they adopt
the underground part they can put any
kind of house on it they want. This one
is on a gentleman’s private home, and has
to be in keeping with the other buildings.

_ A. M.

FACTS ABOUT WINDMILLS

G. C., Newark, Dela. — I wish following In¬
formation from Chas. Q. Eldredge, page 199 :
Why does he use frame 60 feet high, iron or
wood frame? Does mill stand directly over
well? What is cost of mill ready for use?
I would like same information from W. T.
P. ; also kind of pump used.

The pump is a Hoosier three-way wind¬
mill pump, made bv Flint & Walling Mfg.
Co. This pump is a good one, and sells
for about $10 with windmill head; all the
wearing parts are made of brass, very lit¬
tle cast-iron, mostly gas pipe. w. T. p.

I use a 60-foot steel angle iron tower,
and it had to be that high to carry it
above the peak of my home. A wind¬
mill to work well must be higher than
anything in its immediate vicinity. The
mill does not stand within 100 feet of
well, or over pump. Pump is driven by a
belt from my line shaft, and a l)4-inch
suction pipe leads to well and reservoir.
I can pump from either by opening one
valve and closing the other. A windmill
like mine, 16 feet, with 60-foot tower, all
galvanized, perpendicular shaft with bevel
gear below to drive horizontal shaft, one
length of shafting, and pump all complete
and set would cost about $300. I use an
Aermotor mill. chas. q. eldredge.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION.

Information About Stacking Fodder.

You probably have readers in the western
part of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, on
the line of the Lehigh Valley Kailroad. who
could inform me through your columns how
they put up stacks of corn stover or fodder,
as I have there seen from the cars. They
are not put up in the round, conical form
generally followed in haystacks, but some¬
thing of the shape of a house, i. e., entirely
of the bundles of stalks, no lumber about It
whatever. The advantage I believe to be In
so putting up corn fodder Is that the stalks
being put up in any length desired, when
being used, parts from top to the ground can
be taken away, leaving none exposed to rain
or melting snow, as would be in the case of a
large stack of conical form. Stacks as in¬
quired about could be built on old boards
laid on the ground, avoiding thus the annoy¬
ance of freezing fast, and thus a method be
offered readily to keep all stalks that could
not be accommodated in a barn, or even bet¬
ter than in a barn, there being no danger
of heating. I would like to have full in¬
structions as to how such stacks of corn fod¬
der or stover are put up in New Jersey, or
wherever else the same is done. a. b. c.

piece of blue stone laid on four pieces of
brick at the corners, and as the smoke
strikes it, of course, it has to take a
horizontal course and fills the whole house
instead of going up in a straight line for
the ventilator on top. The ventilator is
12 inches in diameter, and has a damper
which I can regulate to suit the weather
conditions. The basement of the smoke¬
house is filled with stones gathered off the
fields, and five inches of concrete on top
of them, the walls being nearly three feef
under the ground line to be below frost
This house is built of brick, with shin¬
gle roof, but a frame building would be
quite safe, as there are no sparks at that
distance from the fire, and if hickory is
used there are no sparks anyway. And I
only use dry hickory, as I think the smoke
is sharper and more penetrating than
from green wood. I cut one-inch pipe to
run across the house the narrow way, and
made hooks of heavy No. 9 wire to fit
easily on the pipe, and had a long one
and a short one alternate, so that I can
hang a big lot of meat and yet have none
touching, as I can roll the pipe any dis¬
tance apart, and slide the hooks as near
or as far from each other as I want. I
have found the above arrangement a great
improvement on stationary nails driven
into cross beams. I have just finished
smoking a batch of pork, and have it
thoroughly done, and yet only a nice color
like hams that are sold by butchers and
grocers, and not the black hnlf-cooked
tilings that usually pass as well-smoked
hams among us country folks. Anyone

FAIRBANKS

FARM POWER MEN,

Will eolve your Farm Power
problem. Our experience gained
through serving hundreds of
other practical farmers cannot
fail to be of value to you, and it
is yours for the asking. We shall
want to know the size, kind and
number of your machines need¬
ing power, and will recommend
the kind and size of power that
will do your work most conveni¬
ently and economically. We consider
the arrangement, the speeds, the pul¬
leys, the beltings and other things in
our recommendations.

In writing to us you assume no obli¬
gations. You don’t agree to buy any¬
thing from us. You just tell us about
the work you have to do, and we tell you
the surest and most economical way to
do it. We not only tell you how much
power you need, but we tell you how to
use that power to make it earn you
money. Why not write today and see
what we have to offer? Isn’t it worth
trying? Why not put your problem up
to us? Our book about Farm Power
free. Address

FAIRBANKS FARM POWER MEN,

The Fairbanks Co., New York.

Scales, trucks, valves and fittings, gas and
gasoline engines, farm machines, machine
tools, factory power transmission,
factory supplies.

Albany, Ntw Orleans, Baltimore, Boston,
Phlla., Pittsburg, Buffalo, Syracuse,
Hartford, London. England.

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THF.
ANIMALS AS

firmly

AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn

. SPECIAL TOP BUGGY TO ORDER

I 2-year guarantee, sold

I on 30 days free trial is _

iTHE WORLD’S STANDARD N
1100 points of superiority. Send
Afor 192-page free catalog of
\ vehicles and harness.

VThe Ohio Carriage
Mfg. Co., (H. C.

‘.Phelps, Pres.,)

.Station 290 f
Cincinnati, Ohio

A LEAKY TANK

is au abomination.

CALDWELL

Tanks don't leak. They
are ma<le right . Wo build
tanks of Everlasting Cy¬
press ; also White Pino.
Wo have hundreds we
can reler to in your
•vicinity. Send lor lllua-
trated catalogue and
price list.

W. K. CAI.DWKLL CO.

Louisville, Ky

IT DOES THE TRICK ! SF _F, D.

SPECIAL.

This axle runs easier than any other, and requires
no attention, It7s a- Wonder.”

STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

Don’t
buy a
Vehicle
of any
kind until
you got our
New Vehicle
Catalog

nilT Til IC J! n fl I IT »•<* send It to U8 and we will mail you free the most complete catalogue of vehicles ever printed. The cut.

■ a as I n— J nil "aJ I are v^ry large, the descriptions are complete and plain. We employ no agents, therefore our prices are the
lowest ever made. Don't buy a vehicle of any kind until you get our 1905 catalogue HARl/IN QMITH C.O OHIOAGO. 1

and see our astonishingly low prices and the most liberal terms ever made. IflAtlwill 9ITII I fl DU* villi/ lav •

,000 VEHICLES AT FACTORY GOST

7 - ANTICIPATING AN EXCEPTIONAL TRADE IN VEHICLES THIS YEAR IN

| THE SOUTH ON ACC0UNT0F THE VERY LARGE CROPS ANDTHE HIGH
PRICE OF COTTON, WE HAVE CONTRACTED FOR AN ENORMOUS
STOCK OF MATERIALS. THE SLUMP IN THE PRICE OF COTTON HAS
| CURTAILED TRADE IN THE SOUTH TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT WE
MUST MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO DISPOSE OF THIS STOCK, AND
WE ARE OFFERING NEARLY 7,000 VEHICLES OF THE

VERY LATEST DESIGNS, direct to the CONSUMER

AT A SAYING OF NEARLY 40%

/RITE US TO-DAY IF YOU ARE NEEDING AiVEHICLE
OF ANY DESCRIPTION,

Dep’t 12, Pioneer Carriage & Harness Co., Cin’ti,0.

250 DIFFERENT STYLES

WE MANUFACTURE ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE LINES OF VEHICLES AND HARNESS IN THE WORLD.

1*491

Every one embodies the results of over 20
years of successful manufacturing ex¬
perience. WE HAVE NO AGENTS, but
sell direct to the users under a two-year
binding guarantee and on our
30 DAY FREE TRIAL PLAN.

You pay after you try
our vehicles and find
them O. K.

Write for our
FREE CATALOG
and lowest wholesale
factory prices.

COLUMBIA MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO., cuiciNN/Yri^oHuj

PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00 $r4.Roo“oli07"o6;

TOP BUGGIES.sImllartoone Illustrated, SURREYS at

HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED, 534*00 tO $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be offered at theie prlcea and why we can
sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house Is all fully explained In our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogues. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwill receive by return mail. Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything In Buggies, Road
Wagons, Carts, Surreys, Phaetons, Carriages,
Light and Heavy Wagons, Vehicles of all kinds,
also everything In Harness, Saddles and Sad¬
dlery, all shown In large handsome halftone
Illustrations, full descrip lions snd .11 priced st prices
much lower than sny other hoove can poaalbl; make.

WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

I nniCC youwill receive the most aston-
LUUUCO ishing Buggy Offer ever heard of,

anew and astonishing proposition. How others
can offer top buggies at *21.00 to *23.00 and why we can sell at much lower prices than all others will be
fully explained. We will explain why we ship so as to make freight charges amount to nex_t to nothing.
We will explain why we are the only makers or dealers in the world that can ship buggies the day we receive
your oX OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER. OUR PAY AFTER RECEIVED TERMS. OUR BINDING GUAR-
IntEE ARE ALL EXPLAINER 1HEN WE SEND (OU THE FOUR PR E E C A T A L O C U E S.

HAVE YOU ANY USE FOR A BUGGY ? tou0*11. h?fyou ?intt*use°ACTOp'BUGGY,AtT^ a"nY*Pr!ce!

S? tyh?sUradne^b°arn’5 W JSSi

?jrpTained.hal|VfreelforethePask|,ng.IOWr*te Today* SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL

Concord Wagon No. 82 E

Buekboard No. 40 E

Spring Wagon No* 441 E

Runabout No. 54 E

Good Yehiclos at Factory Cost

Extension Top Surrey No. 7 7 E

Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug¬
gies from us know we sell high-grade vehicles at
prices ranging from 25 to 50 per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it w ill cost you nothing to investigate.

We are situated in the vehicle center of the
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making parts for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
know ing every detail of their construction — and then
we sell them, direct from factory toyou,at exact man¬
ufacturing cost plus one small profit. Under our
system, you don't pay any traveling men’sexpenses,
dealer’s profits, costof storage or handling. You simply
pay for the butfipy. And remember, we sell every¬
thing on one plan — an absolute guarantee of
satisfaction.

Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
ness Catalogue. We can show you what you w ant, at
the price you want. Nearly 200 styles and kinds.

I HARNESS

We don't sell cheap harness, but we sell No. 1 Har- I
ness, made right here in our Kalamazoo factory, at
the price others ask for cheap harness.

' Our big general catalogue. No. C-86, will give you best information and lowest prices on
everything forthe home and the farm. Ask forit. It'sfree.

CASH SUPPLY S MFG. CO.* 481 Lawrence Sq, KALAMAZOO, MICH

4-26

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 27

^uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Chinese Weeping Cherry. — One
of the most delightful weeping trees, and
one of the earliest to bloom, is the Rose¬
bud cherry, Prunus or Cerasus pendula,
generally sold as Japan weeping rose-
flowered cherry. It grows naturally as a
small tree with crooked, drooping
branches, and is probably native to China,
though very common in Japan. As culti¬
vated for ornament it is usually grafted
on straight Mazzard cherry stocks five to
eight feet high, thus allowing the graceful
pendulous branches to spread widely be¬
fore reaching the ground. The rose-pink
blooms are beautiful in bud, and when
open. They are borne in the greatest pro¬
fusion, entirely wreathing the branches,
and come out in late April, just before
the leaves appear. The color is most
cheerful, and the tree, either in foliage
or flower, makes an elegant specimen
adapted for any situation, but most effec¬
tive when backed with dark evergreens.
Fig. 178, page 423, shows a 12-year tree in
a backyard near the Rural Grounds. Noth¬
ing finer could have been chosen for the
situation, and it would equally grace the
most pretentious pleasure grounds. Trees
with three-year tops, grafted on tall stocks
may be had from first-class nurseries at
$1.50 each, and are likely to prove a good
investment in beauty and pleasure. There
are few diseases or pests, except the San
Jose , scale, to contend with. Trees trans¬
plant quite readily, but grow rather slow¬
ly afterwards for several seasons. When
established, however, they rapidly increase
in size and attractiveness. The Rose-bud
cherry seldom fruits in this country. The
little cherries are small, dark and astrin¬
gent, of little edible value when they do
appear.

Controlling the Currant Worm. —
Few insect pests are at the same time so
destructive and so easily controlled as the
imported Currant worm. These little
green and black “caterpillars” familiar to
everyone who grows a gooseberry or cur¬
rant bush, are the larvae of a very hand¬
some black and yellow saw-fly, scarcely
larger than the common house fly. The
eggs are laid on tufts of leaves in the
center or base of the plant, and the first
visible indication is the appearance of
riddled or gnawed foliage at this place.
A puff of white hellebore, Paris-green or
London purple from a powder gun, or a
wetting with a mixture of a teaspoonful
of either of these remedies with a gallon
of water, will at once check the trouble.
If neglected the worms rapidly eat out¬
ward, defoliating the branches as they
go, and great damage may quickly ensue.
The first brood usually appears in early
May, soon after the blossoms fade. Goose¬
berries are almost invariably attacked in
preference to currants, but if the adults
are numerous eggs will be freely depos¬
ited on both kinds. Bushes should be
examined, daily at this season, looking
carefully about the base for the tell-tale
holes about the midrib of the leaves,
where the minute, newly-hatched larvae
begin their work. In late June or July a
second brood appears, and may do con¬
siderable mischief unless routed, as if the
bushes are defoliated even after the fruit
is off, the succeeding crop is sure to suf¬
fer. We have never observed either the
native or imported Currant worms on the
strong-smelling black currant, or the vari¬
ous ornamental flowering currants. The
damage appears confined to garden goose¬
berries and the ordinary red and white-
fruited currants.

Working Currant Worms to Advan¬
tage. — There are doubtless many insects
more 'or less helpful to the interests of
man by assisting in the pollination of
blooms,' aerating the soil, preying on in¬
jurious insects and to some extent at
least in restraining weedy growths, but it
is not often that visible good can be ex¬
tracted from the workings of a recognized
pest. We were able, however, to use the
Currant worm to advantage last Summer
in controlling the growth of a particularly
fine Triumph gooseberry planted in an
angle on the north side of a dwelling,
where it is in continual shade. This bush
is about six feet high, with a spread of
over eight feet, in the best of vigor, and
\ early bears a good crop. We find it
desirable to start some new canes near
the center every second year to replace
the older ones as they are pruned away.
The usual May attack of the Currant
worm was promptly suppressed, by helle¬
bore, and no more were noticed until
July. It seemed necessary to trim out
the center, which was rather dense after
the berries were picked to allow the se¬
lected sprouts to grow through to the
light, and a start was made toward thin¬
ning out the interfering foliage, when a

moderate brood of newly-hatched worms
was noticed. As we had no great han¬
kering after the job of pruning a thorny
bush at this busy season, it was decided to
allow the worms to eat out the foliage,
permitting them to work outward chiefly
on the branches that were to be cut
away the following Spring. Within 10
days they had thinned the foliage in just
the right proportion and were stopped with
a light application of Paris-green. The
new canes came through in due time, and
made a strong growth, as they appeared
rather stimulated than otherwise by the
reduction of foliage on the old growths,
and consequent increased air and light.
A plant situated in full sunlight would
not have fared' so well, but under the cir¬
cumstances half an hour of disagreeable
work was saved and the plant benefited.

The Levin Pruner. — How many R.
N.-Y. readers have this most useful of
pruning tools? When accustomed to its
action, few implements are more conveni¬
ent and effective, up to the limit of its
capacity. We have used many makes of
light primers, including some of the best
foreign manufacture, but find the Levin
the handiest and most effective of all. It
is light and strong, has no projecting
sharp points, and being small enough to
be carried in the pocket is always ready
for use. The blade is guarded on both
sides, and makes a clean cut, seldom get¬
ting out of order. Owing to the unusual
extent of winter-killing of shrubs and
trees commonly regarded as hardy in this
locality there is an endless amount of
trimming to be done this season, and this
neat and handy implement is a comfort
to use. The cutting notch will only ad¬
mit branches of half an inch or less, but
one is certain to make a neat and clean
cut. With the old style of secateur or
pruning shears one is constantly tempted
to strain the implement on wood too thick
or hard to cut with the leverage obtain¬
able. Of course in a regular pruning cam¬
paign one needs powerful long-handled
primers, saw, knife and even chisel, in ad¬
dition to pocket tools, but the Levin is
sure to be needed to lop off the smaller
twigs. We have, however, known expert
primers accustomed to the regular style
of spring shears who could not be induced
to use the Levin, saying it was too slow
and trifling. Onef familiar with its use,
however, it is likely to become the daily
companion of the tree grower. It was ex¬
tensively distributed six years ago as a
premium by The R. N.-Y., and we fancy
few tools have given the recipients better
service. _ w. v. F.

Flour of Lime. — While the lime question
is up for discussion I would like to know
how many readers of The R. N.-Y. have
“caught on” to using quicklime ground in
the form of flour. Our attention was called
to it a few years ago and since then have
used nothing else. It is made by a firm at
Fostoria, O., and costs 75 cents per barrel of
200 pounds at tue factory. Other firms may
make it, but I have never heard of them. It.
is simply fresh-burned lime ground through
powerful mills as fine as flour. For spray¬
ing purposes it is unexcelled, there being no
foreign matter or particles to clog the noz¬
zles. Lime prepared in this way will also
alr-slake much slower than .when in lumps.
For making the lime-sulphur solution it is
ideal. Both being in the flour form we mix
the two thoroughly before slaking the lime.
Theoretically every particle of lime touches
a particle of sulphur. Boiling hot water is
applied, and by the time the slaking process
is over the two seem to have made a chemi¬
cal combination without any further boiling.
At least we have the brick red color which
does not change by any amount of boiling.
For applying to land lime in the flour form
must also be ideal, although we have never
used it for this purpose. w. a. bassett.

Seneca Co., N. Y.

Leggett’s Dusters

Distribute Insecticides
In Dust Form.

No Barrel of Water to Haul.

Several styles for garden, field or orchard. Full line
of the needed powders. Also dry and liquid Bor¬
deaux Mixture Spray Calendar with concise infor¬
mation on request.

LEGGETT & BRO., 301 Pearl St., N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

SHOO-FLY ~

K ills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest off Cows while in
pasture, louder than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
since 1885. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, send us $1.00,
will return latest Improved 3-Tube Sprayer and enoutrh “ Shoo-
Fly " to protect 200 cows. Name Exp. Office. Free Hook let.

S1I00-FI.Y MFC. CO., 1020 Pairmonnt, Philadelphia, Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience “ Shoo-Fly " is O. K.

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

MADE ONLY BY THE

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.,

BOSTON, MASS.

Be sure and get Swift’s- If your dealer
does not handle it. write direct to us.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of AgrI . and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertilizeras weilas an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lt>. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4. 50; half barrel,
170 lb., 3Mc per 1 b ; bar rel,425 lb. ,3J4c. Send for booklet.
•JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

HURST’S POTATO SPRAYER FREE

Sprayseverything.Trecs, potatoes,
truck, orchards and small patches
equally well. Rows, 4 at a time, 20
acres per day. Even a acre growers
say, “Pays itself first season." First
order (where no agent) Wholesale
price and agency. Ten days’ free
trial, or will take extra yield one
acre our pay. Write to day for
one free in each locality.

H. L. HURST MFG. C0.f
Dept. Canton, Ohio.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers In our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich,

The
WATSON

Four Row
Potato Sprayer

Covers 30 to 40 aores per day.
Straddles 2rows, sprays 4 at
a time.Wheels adjust for dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays to any
fineness, and gearing of pump to wheel of cart gives any
pressure desired. Automatic agitator and suction strainer
cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula book shows the famous Garfield, Empire King,
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

Field Force Pump Co. , 2 11th StMElmiraf N. Y.

F

E^C. Brown Co.,

6 rows at a time, any
width, with

Rrnu/n’c traction
Drown S COMPRESSED

AIR SPRAYER.

Constant pressure up to 150 lbs.
Power costs nothing. 100 gal¬
lon cypress tank, all brass
pump. Perfectly adapted also to or¬
chard work. We are the largest man¬
ufacturers of spray pumps In the
world, hand and power, including the
famous ‘•Auto-Spray.**

Send for Catalogue.

268 State St., Rochester, N.Y.

4 "flow To Use 1

PARIS GREW

| Infield and Orchard 1

is an Illustrated Booklet which
will save you money. It’s iree to
you if you give your dealer’s
name. Write to address below.

Beware of other brands of Paris
Green on the market, w’hicli even
if “pure, ’’may contain “free” acid
and which when applied, may
burn or destroy the leaves of your
crops and trees. You have your
profits at stake, and should use

ANSBAC/fE/fS

PARIS CRM

In use by successful Farmers and
Orchardists since half a century.
It’s

ABSOLUTELY PURE!
DEADLY IN RESULTS!
HARMLESS TO FOLIAGE!

Reject all substitutes. If your
Dealer won’t furnish it, write us,
and we’ll see that you get it.
Comes in 5 lb., 2 lb. and 1 lb.
boxes, sealed with Ansbacher’s
guarantee of purity.

For Booklet, etc. drop postal to

A. B. ANSBACHER & CO.,
5 Murray St., New York.

Please mention your Dealer • name when writing.

Disparene

The most powerful Insecticide made;
kills all leaf-eating insects; the only one
that will destroy both broods of the codling-
moth. Used and endorsed by Ohio, N ew
Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, and other experiment stations, park
superintendents, tree wardens, and large
orchardists everyv here.

Professor Smith, of New Jersey, says:
“My experience has been so satisfactory
I have recommended it highly.”

Enough for a large orchard, $4-25

Enough for 75 gals, spray . 1.00

2 lb. sample . 50

Large illustrated catalogue free.

BOWKER

INSECTICIDE
COMPANY

Address nearest office:

Boston, New York, or Cincinnati

SAVE TREES BEFORE DISEASED

by spraying, and thus add to your profits. Use THE
PERFECTION SPRAYER for all insects and fungi.
8prays everything. Saves its cost in oue season.
Combined hand and horse power. Catalogue FREE.
THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N.J.

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

.The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., box 15 Anderson, Ind,

Hammond’s Slug Shot for Potato Bugs, Currant, Cabbage Worms, Etc.

To the Editor op American Gardening:

In your issue of June 18, rnpage 399, I notice a good article on the Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. For
the benefit of your numerous readers I would advise them to try Hammond’s Slug Shot. I have used it here
this season with excellent results, < n Potatoes, Ege Plants, Cucumbers and Squash,— for Potato Bugs and also
for Striped Beetles, and it is the best remedy I kno w of , simple and effective. I purchased two of the Dusters
which he advertised in your paper, and they are very useful articles. The best time to dust the plants is early
morning, as the substance adheres much better when the d<=w is on. A light dustiug is sufficient, and woe bet de
the bugs or the larvaj. Once they get a taste of it they shrivel up right away.

Sold by Seed Dealers and Merchants all over America.

GEORGE STANDEN, Gardener to Col. D. S. Lamont, Millbrook, New York, 1904.

Send for Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights to Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., for information about solution of Copper, Bordeaux Mixture.

Grape Dust and Cattle Comfort.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

427

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — We searched the skies for
some days, though we know that never brings
rain. Clouds formed, but blew off west or
north, and the ground remained dry and hard.
It was a good thing we had that manure
around the young trees. At last we woke up
one morning and found the ground wet. There
had been a light shower in the night. Jersey
weather is not unlike the traits of Jerseymeu
Both are hard to change, and stick to one
thing a long time. We knew that shower
was the first of a series, so Philip and the
boys began at once to transplant cabbage, let¬
tuce and similar truck. The onions are not
quite ready to set out yet. We have learned
by experience that damp soil is not so neces¬
sary with the onions, because they will start
and grow without much trouble. Looking
back on Saturday night, at the second week
ir. May, 1 felt that we had accomplished
something. The sweet corn in the front held
was planted, and the potatoes in the currant
Held. That was a hard job, as such planting
must be done with great care. The manure
for the pepper field has been hauled and
spread, and we are all ready to plow it. Jack
has his chicken coops made and occupied.
We have made good progress at hoeing around
the young trees, and the Japanese millet has
been seeded. The children are greatly inter¬
ested in this crop. News from the war has
been scarce of late. Our little folks can’t
understand why those war fleets don't get at
each other. It will not be half so exciting to
see the Japanese millet drive the wolf away
from the cow barn next Winter, but, after all,
that is a better fight. As I have said, i sow
this millet in order to “occupy the land"
until August, when I intend to plow the field
and sow Alfalfa’ alone. I have never had
great success with this millet before, but I
think I am more responsible for failure than
the millet was, and so I shall try it again.

Helping Mother. — The kitchen help prob¬
lem is the toughest proposition at Hope Farm
just now. Mother is face to face with house-
cleaning and housework, with such help as
she can pick up.

Wanted, a woman!

I think we could find almost anything by
posting a notice on our road sign, but women
who will actually do housework and help in
a reliable way are less numerous than honest
men ! Call for typewriters or “salesladies”
or clerks and the yard couldn’t hold the
crowd. Call for a girl or woman to do house¬
work, and the kitchen stove would rust before
anyone heard the call. We want good help
in the house, and so do hundreds of others,
but where is it coming from?

Our folks had some experience last Winter
helping Uncle Ed take care of his boarders,
and this experience is like a cushion for
them now. One good thing about the Hope
Farm family is that: we can line up at the
end of the week and get more comfort out of
our baked beans and rice pudding than some
people do (I will not say can) out of a 15-
course dinner. Mother can do the mixing
and superintending, and the rest of us fill in.

For example, Sunday morning the Hope
Farm man got up and started the fire and
called the boys. By the time Mother ap¬
peared he had the water hot and the milk
skimmed. Mother got the fishballs ready,
and then mixed the biscuits, while the little
girl fried the balls. The other little girl got
on a chair and ground the coffee, but it was
a hard job for her. The hoys set the table,
and as everybody had a hand at breakfast
we pronounced it one of those rare occa¬
sions when a large number of cooks make
good broth. It was raining hard, but Mother
finally started for church with the hoy.
Lyon washed the dishes, and we helped wipe.
Then the little girls wanted to get dinner.
Mother had told them what to do. They
peeled the potatoes and got the roast of pork
in the oven, and the peas in the stewpan, and
opened the jar of fruit. Jack and I acted
as a sort of advisory committee.

“Oh. Father, won’t you come and look at
the potatoes to see if they are done?”

That anxious little voice would pipe up
just as I got into my book by the open fire, or

“Father, won’t you come and look at the
pork ?”

I was glad to know that my judgment was
considered so valuable. Mother came riding
home at last through the cold rain to find
two smiling little cooks, all ready to mash
the potatoes. Those who prefer well-done
meat might have criticised that pork, hut
they wouldn’t have done so in the hearing of
our little cooks. Mother devoted her criti¬
cism to the Hope Farm man for not keeping
up the fire. In view of the tendency of so
many women to run away from Housework, I
am well nlcased to see our little girls glad to
help Mother. While the potatoes were cook¬
ing the little girl came in to try to learn to
play “Rocked In the Cradle of the Deep,” be¬
cause Father likes that song! Oh, we get on,
but we would get on much faster if we had
good help. If any woman wants a good
housekeeping job we have the job !

Frpit Matters. — We have begun our ex¬
periment of planting grapevines along the
stone walls. Thus far 50 each Concord,
Moore’s Early and Worden have been put in
on the south side of the walls. We take
small vines, cut the top back to about two
buds and clip the roots off close. Small holes
are made with the grub hoe about three feet
out from the wall and eight feet apart. We
shall give each vine a forkful 0? good manure
and keep the weeds and brush cut down. The
vines will be staked so they will grow up
about as high as the top of the wall, and then
left to run over it. T was led into this ex¬
periment by watching some wild vines which
were started beside- a part of the wall.
They have made a vigorous growth, and the
fruit is larger and a little better in quality
than any other wild grapes I can find. T do
not exnect a heavy yield of fruit from vines
planted in this way. but I expect to produce
a fair ouantity of very fine eating grapes at
little cost. If these vines do well I shall
cover all the walls in this way. . . . Mr.
Van Deman and other good men have said :
“Never plant trees in growing grain or sow
oats in a young orchard.” I am not so sure
about that “never.” Two years ago I bad
some young Fall-planted trees in rye. It had
been a dry season, and on Decoration Day
the rye had grown higher than the trees.
They did look sick, and Mr. Van Deman felt
sure that the rye had either killed them or
crippled them beyond recovery by sucking all
the moisture out of the soil. I will now ad¬
mit that be frightened me, but I cut the rye
and piled it around the trees. They were
slow that Summer, but all lived, and to-dav
I do not believe Mr. Van Deman could tell
by their appearance which trees he thought

would die. I nave a low field which has not
yet been ditched as we plan, but 1 wanted to
plant irees in it, so last year 1 sowed rye.
My belief was that the rye would make a
rank growth and thus dry out the ground so
I hat the trees would not be injured. This
has proved true. The field is considerably
drier than another bare place by its side.
The rye must have sucked tons of water out
of it. The trees have started well. “Never”
is a hard and strong word.

All Sorts.— Those who want to read about
transplanted onions should send for a bulletin
on onion culture issued by the New Mexico
Station, Mesilla Bark, N. Mex. It seems that
even in that country transplanted onions pay.
.Most people object to transplanting because
they say it costs too much. Figures in this
bulletin show that it costs about $50 to set
out the plants on an acre, assuming that a
man can set 5,000 plants a day. That
would be one every seven seconds in a 10-
hour day, and I should be constantly re¬
minded that 1 had a back if I tried it With
a boy to drop the plants for him an active
man might do it, but he would have no time
to tell stories or look at the scenery. With
all that I think the work of transplanting is
less than thinning or weeding with the fin¬
gers. The real objection to transplanting is
the difficulty in doing it all at once. It will
not do to let it dawdle along. When you are
ready to transplant put all hands at it and
see that they work. I am satisfied that it
pays us to thin or transplant so as to grow
the big onions. It pays an onion or a man
to cut out some of the little things and put
their energies into a few good ones! . . .
Our old horse Major sets an example for some
men and women. No one knows how many
years the old fellow has counted. Last year
he broke his hoof off. and I was tempted to
have him shot, but Mother and the children
said No ! The old fellow ran in the pasture,
grew a new hoof, passed the Winter in a box
stall and this Spring turned up in great
spirits. He trots off on errands, gives good
advice to the little brown colt, and does his
best up to his limit. The other day Philip
and Jack started to haul manure. They used
Nellie and Frank for half a day, and then
put Major in Nellie's place. The old horse
didn't like it, but he pulled until he came
to a hill, and then he quit. It wasn't a balk,
but he looked around at that manure and
shook his head ! He said just as plainly as
though talking through a megaphone : “Gen¬
tlemen, this is too much for me, and I know
it. I will do your errands or haul a culti¬
vator or do anything that is within my power,
but this is too big a job. I am an old horse,
my joints are stiff and my bones are brittle.
If you had called on me for this 15 years ago
I would have responded, but you will have to
look to younger legs for this work. Sorry I
can’t accommodate you, gentlemen, but you
ask too much of me !”

The old horse looked over his blinders like
an old man looking over his spectacles — far
back to boyhood — and went to eating grass !
He had heard Mother express her sentiments
about the old and faithful, and he knew that
no one would club him while she was on the
farm. So he gnawed grass like a philosopher
until they unhitched him and put Nellie in
his place. I have seen elderly men sit in cars
while strong and vigorous women stood up.
Such old men and Major were what I call
sensible. When this performance was report¬
ed to Mother she said :

“I am glad ! The old horse knows !”

He does ! I have heard elderly people say :
“Wear the oldest out first !” while they ran
errands and did the drudgery for young,
strong people. Mother and old Major do not
subscribe to that proposition. They believe
in oats for the old horse as well as for the
colt, and rocking chair for Grandmother as
well as for the girls ! h. w. c.

©he ever increasing sale of
r “I ONE” shoes proves that
they fully satisfy the tens of thou¬
sands of men who demand them
every season. Manufactured in all
approved shapes from the finest
leathers, by experienced workmen,
they are the largest value for the
money in the shoe world.

Insist on having “ IONE” and
if not found, write us and we will
see that you secure them.

Huckins, Temple & Wood,

Only Hakers
BOSTON

* ■■ ■ ■ i ■ -

New Idea
PitlessScale

Is the name of Osgood's Steel Scale, just out. Send
for full particulars today. Brand new. You will line
it. Correct construction. No wall; no pit; no lumber
'except platform plank. I In sections ready to bolt
together. Friend, you admit you need a scale and
have been losing money every year by not having one.
Now don’t put it off another day. We will send you
one on 80 Hays’ Free Trial. Liberal terms if desired.

By the way, we want a good agent in your town. If
you know one, do us and him a favor by showing him
this ad. We need him now to introduce our New Pit¬
ies*. Remember, we make all kinds of scales. Write
today sure.

Ostfood Scale Co. Box 157, Binfihamton, N.Y.-

/>IDER

a Can be r
right kinc

MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.
WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Net Price Farm implement Catalogues

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Better peaches, apples, pears and
berries are produced when Potash
is liberally applied to the soil. To
insure a full crop, of choicest quality ,
use a fertilizer containing not less
than io per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our practical books of information ;
.they are not advertising pamphlets, booming
^ special fertilizers, but are authoritative
treatises. Sent free for the asking .

(JERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau St.,
New York.

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
cation. Robt. C. Reeves Co., 187 Water St., N.Y. City.

8

Agents

y/anjU.

quick

Hammer

Hatchet -
Screw Driver
Staple Puller
Nall Claw
Wire Cutter
Leather Punch
Finchers

o Every farmer Wants One at Sight

Ono of our agontg say b ho will make 11600 next year. Web$-
llevo ho can. This 1b tho host eoller wo «v*r aaw. Write for
03 *. Ownrn and plan Aoentr. Make money now

J. B. Foote (Dept. 14) Fdry. Co. , Fredericktown,Ol

The Great Agents Supply House.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level n||TTCDP
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage U U I I LI10
® Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGB'LWORKS, Pottstown, Pa

BUCKEYE

Walking Cultivator

In Modern Farming

machinery has an importance that cannot
be overestimated, and whether the farm be
large or small, the equipment must be up-
to-date, ample, and economical of operation
and maintenance. The famous Buckeye line
of Cultivators has met the demand of success¬
ful practical farmers for years. The largest
and most complete line of Riding and Walking
Cultivators on the market ; they are renowned
for adaptability, durability and economy.

The latest addition to this popular line is the
Buckeye Sunbeam Balanced Frame
Watkins Cultivator, here illustrated,
which has many new and improved features.
The one-piece steel axle gives it great strength
and rigidity. Frame perfectly balanced. No
Joints to work loose and wobble. All tending
to prolong the life of the cultivator and add to
its efficiency and economy. Light and neat
in appearance, It is the best cultivator of
this style now on the market.

Look over the Buckeye line at your deal¬
er’s, and send for complete catalogue.

P. P. MAST & CO.

9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

DeLOAOH JPA.T

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Free of Saw Mills. 4H. P. and up. Shingle
Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
Cresses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
lie Loach Mill Mf g. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta.Ga

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

R1DER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 23# Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West .Montreal, P. Q.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitts St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuieute-Rey 71, Havana. Cub*.

babue harvesting
Dwrcrac. machines

Binders, Reapers, Mowers, Rakes.

If you have never used an Osborne you can have no idea of the many con¬
veniences about it that make harvesting grain easy work — easy on horses,
easy on men. That’s why they are so popular. They run easily, work
well and last long. Any Osborne agent will he glad to show you why and
how, and surely it will pay you to take a few moments for investigation. It
means an easy harvest for you. Call on the Osborne Agent.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY., of America, (Incorporated) Chicago, U. S. A.

Write “Osgood” Binghamton, New York, about
heir “New Idea” ready to weigh "Pitless Scale.”

428

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 27,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

1 1 KKIIKKT W. COLI.INGWOOD, Edit/Or

Dr. Wai.tkk Van Relict, f ,,,
Mrs. K. T. Boyle, ( Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Eoslal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. Od., or 8% marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and anv* such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent 1o us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rirai. New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order lo introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Continued study of the swamp lands in the Middle
West piles up the evidence that many of us have been
on the wrong track in our handling of such soils. It
was formerly supposed that after draining lime would
fit such soils for several if not many crops. It is now
found that some of these soils are not sour enough to
need heavy liming, but that they are always deficient in
potash. The results obtained from the use of wood
ashes on such soils seem to come from the potash
rather than from the lime.

*

At this time last year new potatoes from the South
were bringing $4 to $5 per barrel. This year good stock
sells at $2.50. The chief reason for this low price is
the large stock of old potatoes left over. People like
to eat new potatoes, but the proportion of price between
old and new does not vary greatly from year to year.
The southern potatoes are a luxury and, except for the
few who care little for price, the average consumer
will not touch them when the price is over twice that of
old potatoes. Too many potatoes were held last Fall.
Now the surplus is being thrown upon the market for
what, it will bring.

*

An opinion by Attorney-General Moody may be ac¬
cepted as another step toward legislation for regulation
of railroad rates. Congress, he says, has the power to
regulate interstate commerce. When rates of traffic are
too high or through “rebates” and other methods, some
shippers are given an unfair advantage over others.
Congress has the power to stop the abuses of power by
changing rates or methods. He also says that Con¬
gress may delegate this power to a commission. Thus,
according to this legal opinion, the proposed law giv¬
ing the Interstate Commission power to enforce its
own rulings will be constitutional. I his is important,
since the bill has been opposed because it would be
“unconstitutional.” President Roosevelt has come out
squarely for the plan to give the Commission greater
power, and there is no doubt that he has a great ma¬
jority of the American people at his back. Probably
the wisest railroad men are prepared to accept such a
law, because they are shrewd enough to see that in the
present temper of the people the proposed change is
conservative and not injurious to honest trade.

*

Reports from southern truck and small fruit grow¬
ers are discouraging. In South Carolina alone losses
will run over a million dollars, due to poor railroad
service and lack of refrigerator cars. During the past
few years the business of growing strawberries has
grown rapidly. This year the growers prepared for an
extra large crop and secured it. 1 hey notified the rail¬
roads early and expected extra cars, as they had a
4 right to. Instead of prompt and satisfactory service
they were given the poorest service ever known in that
section. In some cases where 20 refrigerator cars were
needed barely half a dozen were provided. At many
stations thousands of crates of berries were left ex¬
posed to the sun for more than a day and then shipped
on so-called express trains so slow that the fruit was
ruined. Instead of bringing prosperity and good feel¬
ing to the State the berry crop brought loss and dis¬

couragement. The most exasperating thing about it is
the fact that the railroads blame the Armour Company
for not furnishing iced cars, while the latter say they
furnished cars as fast as the railroads called for them.
Between them the railroads and the Armours seem
likely to ruin a section which ought to be prosperous.
All over the country wherever perishable fruit is shipped
there is an outcry against the Armour Company for its
iced car service. Last week we gave some facts about
the situation in Michigan. Since then the Armour
Company offered to compromise by making a reduction
in charges if the shippers would withdraw their suit
from before the Interstate Commerce Commission.
This offer was very properly refused !

*

The references to “butted” and “lapped” glass on first
page may prove puzzling to those unfamiliar with
greenhouse construction. In butting, the glass is laid
in the sash bars so that the ends exactly meet, without
overlapping. The glass must be carefully fitted, as if
not perfectly straight at the ends, cracks are left open
at the junction, and annoying drips result. The cracks
are either sealed with white lead or brought together
with a narrow zinc strip bent into the form of a Z,
so placed that one leg of the Z is above one pane, the
other leg below the next. Sash bars especially made
for butted glass are not rabbeted, the cracks at the
sides of the panes being filled with thick paint, and a
wooden strip then screwed down the sash bar to hold
the panes in place. Canned glass is laid like shingles,
the panes overlapping about one-eighth of an inch. No
paint is put at the overlap. Although it is asserted that
less glass is broken by frost or wind when butted, and a
certain amount of soot or dirt is bound to collect under
i lie overlap of lapped glass, as our correspondents say,
the majority of practical florists here prefer the lapped
system.

*

When the daily papers reported that King Edward of
England called the “seedless” apple “delicious” and or¬
dered it served at all court dinners, we cheerfully printed
the news. We have always understood that "court
dinners” are pretty dry affairs! Having printed one
side we are bound to present the other. The follovving
note is now going the rounds :

London, May fi. — The much vaunted seedless and eoreless
apple, imported from America, lias been solemnly pronounced
a fraud on the premises of Messrs. Shearn in Tottenham
Court Road. On Thursday a little crowd of experts in fruit
culture met to hear the fierce controversy which for most
part raged around this fruit. Messrs. Shearn purchased for
$1.') three months ago two of the only four alleged seedless
apples which have so far reached England. Columns have
been written about this fruit. Never before has au agricul¬
tural product received such a boom, and orders for the trees
have poured in from all the parts of England. But there
was an army of skeptics who talked and wrote with never
falling energy, their sole desire being to see t lie two samples
possessed by Messrs. Shearn put to the test of four swift cuts,
and these seedless and coreless apples were undone, reveal¬
ing just as many pits and a harder and larger core than
most other apples have. There was a gasp of astonishment
among the onlookers, and the comments which were made
were as heartless as the apples had been claimed to be.

If Shearn is wise he will congratulate himself that
this discovery cost him only $15. We are not told what
these “onlookers” thought of the quality, but we can
easily guess. King Edward is yet to be heard from.

*

The greenhouse questions discussed on the first page
this week are characteristic of changing conditions in
agricultural work. As the great cities enlarge their
borders, and the suburban dweller treads close on the
outskirts of adjacent farms, land becomes too valuable
for bulky mixed farming and intensive culture must
take its place. This, with the increasing demand for
vegetable food, turns the farmer into the trucker, and
the trucker into the greenhouse man. This form of
evolution is clearly illustrated in many communities
within easy haul of Manhattan, where hay, grain and
potatoes first gave way to cabbage, salads and other
green vegetables, with a few frames given over to
pansies or daisies. Later the frames blossomed out into
modest greenhouses ; bulb stock and carnations succeeded
the pansies, and, in the fullness of time stately rose
houses nourished their fragrant crops above the hay
fields of the preceding generation. These conditions
repeat themselves in many a growing community, and
the long-headed farmer prepares for them by familiar¬
izing himself with the simple facts of glasshouse cul¬
ture. We have been greatly impressed by the amazing
increase in questions bearing upon such subjects which
come to us in our daily correspondence. Naturally,
every farmer is not or cannot be interested in glass
gardening; environment and conditions must decide
that. The growing of cut flowers in the vicinity of the
great cities is now passing more into the hands of men
of large capital, owing to the increased cost of equip¬
ment, but away from these centers, with a local demand
to be fed. glass gardening is a good crutch for the
trucker. Best of all. it provides interesting work that
holds the family together, since both sons and daughters
can find employment in "the art that doth mend nature. ’

The pictures on the first page preach a good sermon
to those who grasp the text. There are loo many de¬
fectives — who through the loss of some member or fac¬
ulty find life made harder — who look only upon the
dark side of their affliction. The deaf man will not see
that his eyes are quicker and stronger; the blind will
not realize that hearing is more acute ; the man with the
missing right hand will not appreciate the wonderful
development of the formerly useless left! ft is said to
he “human nature” to grieve over such losses, but is it
not a poor sample of human nature which spends useful
time with the dead? The two men pictured this week
are not of that class. The hunter has taught his left
hand and trained the stub of his right arm. The blind
man can nearly see the corn with his hands. The un¬
discovered possibilities of the human body which afflic¬
tion brings into service may be classed among the most
wonderful things of life. They are compensations
wdiich God grants to those hopeful and fearless souls
who will not be crushed down. We know afflicted
people who have met their misfortunes in such a way
that their work is both a guide and a shame to the
strong, healthy men and women who lose heart and
quad in the face of fancied disaster.

*

We have always considered an agricultural paper
somewhat like an asparagus plant in one respect at least.
Asparagus, during the season of cultivation, stores up
material in its large roots. In Spring the shoots grow
rapidly, very largely from this stored-up material. Some
people have made the mistake of supposing that because
the asparagus makes its edible crop in the early Spring
this is the time to feed and cultivate the plant.
The fact is that most of this feeding and cultivation
should have been done 8 to 10 months before the edible
shoots appear. The work of the Summer is like storing
up a good bank account to be spent later. There is a
tendency sometimes to neglect cultivation of the farm
paper during the Summer. A poorer quality of paper
will be used — fewer engravings and less care in select¬
ing and editing matter. The theory is that farmers do
not read much in Summer, it is not the season for r.ew
subscriptions and therefore the grip may slacken a little.
In the Fall such papers put on better paper and freshen
up as business becomes better. This seems to us like
the work of the man who expects to feed asparagus in
the Spring, or who attempts to increase the crop of
strawberries or apples after the fruit buds had been
formed. The farm paper ought to be at its best in the
Summer. Character and reputation are made far ahead
of the subscription season. If farmers do not read so
much in Summer that is all the more reason why their
paper should be made doubly interesting, so that they
will be obliged to read it.

BREVITIES.

How many dairymen in your neighborhood own and use
a Babcock tester?

Do strawberry growers believe that spraying with Bor¬
deaux Mixture pays?

The best “inoculation” for garden crops — Sweat drops
from “The mau with the hoe.”

Prof. Slingeri.anp advocates the prepared limes for mak¬
ing Bordeaux Mixture, but we find that stone lime still has
plenty of friends.

It makes one think that the world is surely moving to
receive a bulletin on “Methods of Milking” from the Exper¬
iment Station of Hawaii.

“The R. N.-Y. helps me ‘cut corners.’ We have taken
three days to plant one acre of potatoes ; now myself and nine-
year-old boy with team plant 1 % acre in one day and didn't
work hard.”

Southern farmers will be interested in China's proposed
boycott of American goods, as we now sell that country
$25,000,000 a year in textiles alone. The cotton industry
would he one of the greatest sufferers.

When glazing points rusted out too quickly florists told
manufacturers what they wanted, and a non-rusting metal
was used, says Mr. Lonsdale. That is one of the many
cases where the florists have, established good precedents for
other consumers to follow.

The striking Chicago teamsters, irritated by the attitude
of the express companies towards their organization, declare
they will get even by using all their energies in the advance¬
ment of the parcels post. Well, now, they might do a lot of
less useful things than that.

China threatens to boycott American goods unless the
terms of the proposed exclusion treaty recently discussed in
the United States Senate are modified. The Chinese mer¬
chants at the head of this movement look with favor niton
the exclusion of coolies, but they ask that respectable and
well-to-do Chinese may visit America upon the same terms
as other foreigners.

The following formula for a tonic to make house plants
bloom was printed in a household paper, being winner of
first prize in a competition for useful suggestions : “Mix
together one pound of whole pepper and one pound of cop¬
peras in one gallon of rain water. Crush the pepper and boil
the whole together. Then add four gallons of rain water, or
use four cups of water to one cup of the solution. Water
the plants with this once a week. Keep it corked in a cool
place.” The only improvement we can suggest Is the addi¬
tion of Worcestershire sauce and camomile tea.

1505.

429

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — John C. Teller, a cousin ol' Senator Teller,
of Colorado, was twice indicted at Cheyenne, Wyo., May 10,
by a Federal grand jury for alleged thefts of Government
timber. Teller supplies most of the ties used on the Union
i'acitic, and. it is charged, has been cutting them on the
public domain for 20 years. ... It was generally under¬
stood by both sides to the Chicago strike that there would bo
no disturbances while President Roosevelt was in the city.
Notwithstanding this tacit agreement there were a number of
outbreaks May 10, one of them taking place in Michigan
Avenue a short time after President Roosevelt had passed
the spot. In this riot a number of men were cut and shot.
George S. Pierce, a union teamster, was shot and killed
May 10 by George T. Waldorn, a deputy sheriff, who was
guarding a Wells Fargo Express wagon. Waldorn was for¬
merly a member of the teamsters’ union, and Pierce taunted
him with his change in employment. Angered by the lan¬
guage of Pierce, Waldorn drew a revolver and fired one shot,
the bullet striking Pierce just above the heart. Eight hun¬
dred pupils of the Hendricks Public School went on a strike
May 10 because a colored teamster for the Peabody Coal
Company delivered a load of coal at the building. Many
teamsters stopped near the school and prompted the pupils
in their “strike." Police sent to the school are alleged to
have used clubs on more than one pupil. Since then strikes
on the part of pupils, and small riots have occurred at sev¬
eral schools, much disorder resulting. . . . The fast

Cleveland and Cincinnati express, west hound, on the Penn¬
sylvania Railroad, crashed into a wrecked east bound freight
train In the yards east of Harrisburg, Ta., May 11. A car
filled with low grade dynamite was exploded. The passenger
cars were shattered and the wreckage burned. Some of the
bodies were completely consumed by the flames, which de¬
stroyed the six Pullman sleepers, one day coach and one com¬
bination car which made up the train. The wreck was
caused by a slight accident to the freight train. Passing the
plant of the Paxtang Electric Company, an air hose burst,
setting the brakes, and several cars in the middle of the
train buckled up and fell across the passenger tracks at the
side. Almost at the same time the fast express dashed
along and plunged into the wrecked freight cars, Including
the one loaded with dynamite. The shock of the explosion
was heard for miles around. At Highsplre windows were
broken, and the people generally shaken up badly, but no
serious damage was done. In Middletown the shock was
terrific and many persons jumped out of their beds and fled
to the streets under the impression that there was an earth¬
quake, Across the river at New Cumberland and other
Places there was an upheaval that badly frightened the resi¬
dents. Many persons when they saw the blazing wreck from
over the river crossed in boats to the scene, and did all they
could to assist the wounded. The dead number 22, and 130
persons were injured. Many of the survivors were literally
stripped of all clothing by force of the explosion, and were
frightfully burned. ... II. Streyckmans, formerly em¬
ployed by Armour & Co. as a stenographer, exposed May 12
to the Interstate Commerce Commission, at its Chicago in¬
vestigation of private car lines, a secret code said to have
been used by the company in conducting its business with
shippers and in making rebates. Streyckmans also outlined
to the commission what he declared to be discrimination by
the car lines in granting rebates to certain shippers. Streyek-
mans declared that former Lieutenant Governor Aldon An¬
derson, of California, paid 55 per cent of the tariff rate on
his shipments. Others said to have received more than a
50 per cent rebate were Frank It. Buck, of San Francisco;
the Earl Fruit Company, the Porter Brothers Company and
the Producers' Fruit Company. Stephens & Humphreys, S.
U. Roper, Schnadel Brothers, George D. Kellogg and others
were declared to have received their rebates. On cross-ex¬
amination Streyckmans declared that George II. Robbins,
president of the Armour Car Lines, had attempted by threats
to get the papers and the code the witness had In’ his pos¬
session. . . . The town of Snyder, Okla., which was hit

by a tornado soon after midnight May 11, Is almost in ruins.
It had 1.200 inhabitants, mostly Texans, and many of these
were either killed or injured. It is now believed that the
number of dead will not exceed 100 and that over 200 were
injured, about 50 of them seriously. The tornado’s havoc
was not confined to Snyder. That the village or Olusee was
also destroyed by the same tornado is believed, for all at¬
tempts to reach it by wire or telephone have failed. Ac¬
cording to the course of the storm, it would have struck
with full force upon the little village of frail frame dwell¬
ings. Reports from despatches on the Santa Fe road say
that the town of Quinlan, in Woodward County, \Yus hit
and that three persons are known to have been killed. . . .
Hiram Cronk. sole survivor of the War of 1812, who cele¬
brated the 105th anniversary of his birth on April 20 last,
died May 13 at his home at Dunnbrook. N. Y. In accordance
with the arrangements made by the New York Board of Al¬
der men last Winter he will have a public funeral in New
York, and will be buried in Cypress Hills Cemetery, Brooklyn,
where are interred the bodies of about 50 of his fellow sol¬
diers of the War of 1812. . . . May 14 the Trinity River

at Dallas, Texas, was two miles wide, the flood being the
worst since 1890. There is a heavy loss to live stock and
farm property. . . Five officials of Carriage and

Wagon Workers' Union No. 4 and three hired “sluggers" are
under arrest in Chicago charged with a conspiracy which re¬
sulted in the murder of C. .T. Meyers, alias Carlson. The
men arrested are Charles J. Casey, business agent of the
union : Henry J. Newman, financial secretary ; George Miller.
John Ilelden and Frank Novak, members of the executive
committee, and Charles Gilhooley, Edward Feeley and Mark
Loony, hired “sluggers,” not members of the union. For 10
years Meyers had been in the employ of the Meckel Wagon
Company. He was a union man. On April 1 the executive
committee of the union called a strike against the Meckel
shop. Some of the men refused to quit, among them Meyers.
The union, it is alleged, employed as an “educational commit¬
tee" Gilhooley, Feeley and Looney. They attacked Meyers
within a few feet of his home on April 13. Meyers died
from his injuries within two weeks. Casey, the business
agent, made a confession May 14. He says that in all the
union paid Gilhooley $47 for murderous assaults.

ADMINISTRATION. — -President Roosevelt will soon issue
a proclamation setting aside about ten million acres of land
in Idaho as a forest reserve. The matter was taken up wifh
the President May 15 by Senator Dubois, of Idaho, and Gif¬
ford Pinchot. chief forester of the Department of Agricul¬
ture. The proposed withdrawal of the land in question has
been the subject of animated partisan controversy in Idaho
for several months, and it has brought about strained rela
tions between the two Senators from that State. Senator
Heyburn contended that the withdrawal of such a large area
would retard the development of the State and discourage
settlement by homesteaders. He declared further that it
would entail great hardship on manv citizens because of the
fact, as he put it. that the proposed reserve embraced many
small towns. Senator Dubois took issue with his colleague.
He replied that the sentiment of the State was in favor of
the reserve and that not a simile town would be affected.
Gifford Pinchot took Senator Dubois’s side.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The American Stockgrowers’ As¬
sociation, which was organized last January by persons who
withdrew from the National Livestock Association, began its

first annual convention at Denver, Col., May 9. Addresses
of welcome were made by Governor McDonald, Mayor Speer
and John W. Springer, a former president of the National
Livestock Association. W. \V. Turney, president of the
Texas Cattle Raisers’ Association, responded. Discussion
among the members of the new association indicates that
affiliation with the National Livestock Association is oui of
the question at present. President Ilagenbarth, of the lat¬
ter organization, is in attendance at the convention, but the
executive committee of his association failed to appear.
"There will be no clash at t li is convention,” sad President
Ilagenbarth. “Our organization wants peace, and is for
everything that will promote harmony among the stockmen."
The convention discussed ways and means of securing better
rates and service from the railroads, and of lighting the al¬
leged combination of t lie packers. Since the organization of
the new association, its president, Conrad Schaefer, has died,
and before the convention assembled the members had prac¬
tically agreed upon Murdo Mackenzie, a Colorado and Texas
cattleman, as Mr. Schaefer's successor.

The semi-annual meeting of the Missouri State Horticul¬
tural Society will be held at Versailles. Morgan County, Mo.,
.Tune 13-15.

Report up to April 28 from 72 counties in Indiana show
that no fruit crop, except peaches, has been materially dam¬
aged by the low temperature during the Winter and the
April frosts. Apples and pears are in normal condition :
peaches indicate a half crop ; plums 50 to 00 per cent :
cherries the same; currants and gooseberries considerably
damaged by April frosts; strawberries had the early bloom
nipped by the frosts, but it is believed that sufficient buds
still remain alive to insure a good crop ; grapes apparently
in good condition. A perceptible increase in the planting
of orchards and berry fields is noted throughout the fruit
regions of the State, according to data compiled by W. B.
Flick, secretary Indiana Horticultural Society.

The twentieth annual meeting of the I-Iolstein-Friesian
Association of America will be held at the Yates Hotel,
Syracuse, N. Y., June 7-8. Prof. C. F. Curtiss, of the Iowa
Agricultural College, will address the meeting June 8 on
Holstein Characteristics. Care and Management. Secretary,
Frederick L. Houghton. Rrattleboro, Vt.

The twenty-first semi-annual meeting and fruit display of
the Kansas State Horticultural Soeety will be held at:
Wichita, Kan., June 7-9.

The annual convention of the American Seed Trade Asso¬
ciation will be held at Alexandria Bav (Thousand Islands),
N. Y.. June 20-22.

S. C. Hood, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, I>. C., a graduate
of the University of Vermont in 1904. has returned to Bur¬
lington to take up the work in drug plants carried on by the
experiment station in co-operation with the Department of
Agriculture for the last two years. It is intended to grow,
in part upon the new college property purchased from the
Ainsworth estate and In part on other grounds many annual
and perennial drug plants and garden herbs. The prominent
feature of the work will be. as it has been for the past two
years, the growth of tlie opium poppy with a view of deter¬
mining the possibilities of thy production of morphine in
New England.

An appropriation of $20,000 has been secured from the
Rhode Island legislature for the purpose of building a green¬
house and also buildings for poultry instruction at the Agri¬
cultural College. This is in addition to the usual appropria¬
tions for student labor, extension work, repairs, anil $5,000
to pay up an old debt. These bills, aggregating $31,500,
divided into four resolutions, passed botli houses without a
dissenting vote or a word of criticism. The college author¬
ities feel that, with a modern greenhouse and poultry plant,
they can offer instruction in agriculture that will be thor¬
oughly up to date. This is the largest grant which the Leg
islature has made to the college for eight or nine years, and
indicates a thorough belief in the work of the college and a
willingness to support it properly.

A Winter Fair will be held at Syracuse, N. Y., in connec¬
tion with the next meeting of the New York State Breeders’
Association. December 19. 20 and 21. A premium list will
be ready for distribution in a short time. The Chamber of
Commerce is co-operating to insure the success of the exhi¬
bition. The fair will be more than a fat stock show, since
prizes are offered for dairy cattle. There will be a dairy
cow test and several prizes for stock foods, such as corn,
roots and hay. At each session there will be lectures with
regard to the animals or other objects on exhibition by men
and women of national reputation. At the evening session
it is expected to arrange for lectures and demonstrations on
the cooking of meats, which will be of special interest to
housekeepers. This exhibit will also offer valuable oppor¬
tunity for breeders to exhibit animals which they may wish
to sell, although they may not be entered for premiums.
J. C. Duncan, chairman of the exhibit committee, has re¬
ceived a large number of letters from breeders and feeders
of live stock, expressing their interest in the exhibition
and stating their intention of making an exhibit. Exhibitors
and others Interested may obtain a premium list from the
secretary, Frof. Thomas F. Hunt, Ithaca, N. Y.

The next annual session of the Farmers’ National Congress
will be helu in Richmond. Va., September 12-22, 1905. The
Congress is composed of delegates appointed by the Governors
of the various States on the recommendation of the agricul¬
tural organizations of each State. The president is Hon.
Harvie Jordan, Monticello, Ga. ; John M. Stahl, secretary,
Quincy, III.

The Department of Agriculture is much interested in the
study of American bulb growing, and desires to secure all
possible information on the subject. It is already in touch
with all the active bulb growers, but would be very thankful
for any information that may lie furnished in regard to
experiments on the growing of bulbs of any kind in America,
whether such experiments have proven successful or not :
and would like to enter into correspondence with all per¬
sons who have conducted such experiments. Address com¬
munications to A. J. Pieters, Botanist in Charge, Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, Washington.

CROP PROSPECTS.

You will be glad to hear that we are having a beautiful
Spring in British Columbia. The pollination of fruit trees
generally seems to be perfect this year. We are looking
for a bumper crop. Many home seekers are coming into this
Province and buying land at very good prices. On the whole
we are enjoying prosperous times and excellent health ; we
have neither want nor suffering worth mentioning.

Vancouver, B. C. t. c.

Corn planting is in progress now ; some was planted in
April. Rain last week hindered, or one-third of the corn
would now lie in the ground. May 7. We had a light snow
May 4. and a light frost in the morning the next day. It is
still cold and backward, yet plums are in bloom earlier than
usual, and promise a full crop, as do also apples and small
fruits. I am trying three acres of Alfalfa this Spring.
The first sown is a fine stand.

Later: — I wrote you that we had good prospects for a
crop of plums, etc., but there was a hard frost this morning
(May 8) that changed it from good to poor, although but
few of the plums are in bloom, and the Injury may not be
as great as we fear. ’ w.’ h. h.

Letcher, S. D.

We have been out of the fields for nearly a week on ac¬
count of heavy rains, and will be out for some time yet. I
have about two-thirds of my 34 acres of corn planted. The
Alfalfa is so heavy that it is lodging. That sown this Spring
is large enough to show what it is. Clover over the country
is very fine, as it passed the Winter without injury, and the
weather this Spring has been favorable to it. Wheat and rye
very promising. Corn that is planted is coming nicely.

Ohio. JOHN M. JAMISON.

Destroying Mustard. — The College of Agriculture,
Ithaca, N. Y., has issued a bulletin telling how to destroy
wild mustard growing in many crops by means of the cop¬
per sulphate spray. Few farmers have yet made a practical
trial of the method. As a part of its extension work the
College will be glad to communicate with farmers having
mustard in their fields, who would like to test the efficiency
of the copper sulphate spray. J. l. stone. ,

THE ITALIAN PRUNE ON PUGET SOUND.

Most varieties of the plum kind are in their best environ¬
ment. under the conditions of temperature and climate in
general as found on the Northwest Pacific coast. Particu¬
larly is this the case with the Italian prune tFellenberg).
We have a four acre orchard of these, now some 15 or 18
years from planting, in the valley of the Skagit, about 80 .

miles north of Seattle, and are somewhat curious to know
how their performance tallies with the results obtained
from orchards in the east, or elsewhere. The soil is the
common rich, loose, alluval or sedimentary deposit of our
rivers, taking their rise in the Cascade mountains and some
six or eight feet above sea level. The river adjacent is
usually bank full during the hot months of June and July,
and the land is thus sub-irrigated when it needs water the
most. The trees then take on the richest green, and fruit
swells to fullest perfection. The Italian prune is unique in
that trees need no propping, as the branches are well knit
to their stems, and this variety invariably sheds any above
its normal crop of fruit each season. Our trees have never
been cultivated except first two years from planting, but are
in grass, and pastured with sheep 10 months of the year.
The crop now averages about 50 tons each year from the
four acres. That is of fruit which is of the largest size
and perfect. We have no curculio here, and no insects
bother the trees. They have never been sprayed, and do
not need it. and practically have never been pruned. I
know of no other variety of the plum kind that Is so satis¬
factory to grow. j. v. c.

Seattle, Wash. _

PAPER POTS.

Concerning “Paper Pots for Tomatoes” (page 357) would
Mr. Crosby tell us when and how he puts plants into pots,
and to what size he grows them in pots before setting out
in field? a. w. g.

St. Thomas, Ont.

Last year my tomato seed was sown March 1, and as
soon as the plants had their third leaf they were put into
the pots, and were not set out in the field until May 19.
'I'liis year my seed was sown about the same time, but I
deferred putting them in the pots until they were quite
good-sized plants, about three inches high, anil I find they
do better. If they stay in the pots too long the roots come
through the bottom of the pot. For starting cucumbers or
Lima beans they answer the purpose admirably. In plant¬
ing in the field a furrow is made, and the bottom of the pot
is torn off and the earth drawn around the rest of the pot.
This is better than taking off the sides too. The plants are
put in the pots just the same as clay pots. We Jiave had
no rain for nearly two weeks, and farming operations are
generally at a standstill on account of the dry condition
of Ihe ground, but I have been setting out my plants since
day before yesterday, and they are all standing as straight
as drum majors. I use no water at all beyond thoroughly
soaking the plants before they are carried to the field.

Maryland. _ p. b. crosby.

We have used this season, as for the last two or three
seasons past, a certain amount of box fruit, this coming
from the Far West, we might say altogether from Colorado,
where they have a superior article, in color, size and general
quality, packing nothing but select fruit. When so ordered
their seconds and off fruit are packed separately, and culled
severely from the orchard run. This box fruit wo aim to
sell late in the season, when weather is getting warm, and
where local buyers, mainly, do not care to chance a barrel:
also where -they want to be certain of getting a strictly
first-class apple, every apple almost. alike and perfect. This
same manner of packing will not apply to any other locality
besides the Far West, such sections as California, Washing¬
ton. Oregon. Idaho and Colorado, for the reason that no
other sections have perfect enough fruit to pack in boxes,
and they have always in the past made a botch of the pack¬
ing and package, disgusting handlers. These latter com¬
ments apply to all apple-growing sections outside of the
Far West, and unless they are able to grow a perfect apple,
like the Far West, it is useless, in our idea, to advocate
anything but the barrel package. geo. w. davison & co.

New Orleans, I-a. _

BUSINESS BITS.

“Veterinary Remedies” is the title of a booklet issued by
the well known veterinary surgeons, Moore Bros., Albany.
N. Y. This booklet should be of great value to every owner
of a horse, cow or other farm animal. By a careful’ reading
of it anyone can diagnose the prevalent diseases, and advice
and remedies are suggested in each case by Dr. Edward
Moore, than whom there is no more competent veterinaries
in the United States. The book is free to any reader asking
for it.

In a new book published by the Fairbanks Company of
New York called “Farm Power.” they tell how they have
gone about it to solve the farm power problem, and how they
came to establish their farm power department. The Fair¬
banks Company come out broadly and offer to help any of our
readers to an understanding of farm power and how to use it.
We suggest that you write to them, telling them about the
machinery you have on your farm, and let them see if they
can figure out how you can profitably use farm power. Their
book. “Farm Power.” is sent free to any of our readers.
Address the Fairbanks Company, New York.

The many years’ experience of E. C. Brown & Co., Roch¬
ester, N. Y., in building spraying machinery accounts for
the excellent machine they have perfected for spraying pota¬
toes and vineyards. We refer to their traction compressed
air sprayer. It is designed primarily as a potato sprayer,
and can be had to cover either five or six rows at one pas¬
sage, but it is equally well adapted to vineyard spraying.
We believe potato farmers and vineyarilists will find in this
Brown Sprayer a machine very much to their purposes. Full
particulars on this and most any other style of sprayer may
be had by writing direct to the Brown Company.

There is probably nothing in which quality is more im¬
portant than in tools. Yet the quality of a tool is not ap¬
parent to the eye. and even the experienced buyer must take
chances unless he relies upon a brand which guarantees re¬
liability. By simply keeping in mind when buying the name
Keen Kutter, anyone may buy any sort of tool with full
assurance of lasting satisfaction. The Keen Kutter line of
tools was awarded the Grand Prize at the World's Fair, St.
Louis. This is the only award of the kind ever made to a
complete line of tools. If your dealer does not keep Keen
Kutter tools, you may make sure of being supplied by writing
to the Simmons Hardware Company, St. Iahhs, or 298 Broad¬
way, New York.

The question has frequently been asked. “Can a Bordeaux
Mixture be made mechanically in a dry form." That is
powdering a fine quality of lime and blue vitriol together
in the usual pronortions, thus producing a fine powder. It
is claimed by many that such a mixture is effective and
has advantages. When used on damp foliage a chemical
action 1 Kes place and the result is satisfactory. We have
seen a sample that is called “Universal Bug and Blight
Dust,” to which has been added a small percentage of Paris-
green. which will undoubtedly Increase its value. The mix¬
ture is quite inexpensive. The dust spraying Is rapidly
coming to the front for orchard as well as field work, and
this mixture will doubtless be welcomed.

The blower elevator is rapidly replacing the chain carrier
for silo filling. It requires six men a day to put up a chain
carrier, while a blower can be put up or down in a few
moments. The Smalley safety blower made by the Smalley
Mfg. Co., Manitowoc. Wis.. is extensively used bv dairymen
and stock raisers. The safety fly wheel and pulley on this
machine insure the operator against breakdowns and per¬
haps fatal accidents, for if hard foreign matter gets into the
knives the fly wheel and pulley will revolve loosely on the
shaft, stopping the machine instantly. The progressive
farmer appreciates the advantages of the Smallev safety
blower, and consequently it is coming into general use.
Smalley’s free catalogue tells all about these goods. Write
to-day for it.

4-3o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 27,

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day

ODE.

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest
By all their country’s wishes blessed !

When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
Returns to deck their hallowed mould,

She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than Fancy’s feet have ever trod.

By fairy hands their knell is rung;

By forms unseen their dirge is sung;

There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,

To bless the turf that wraps their clay;

And Freedom shall awhile repair,

To dwell a weeping hermit there!

— William Collins (1720-1756).

•

Young green onions boiled like aspar¬
agus will be appreciated. Prepare them
just as for serving raw, then tie in
bunches, drop. into boiling salted water,
and cook 10 minutes. Drain, lay upon
toast and pour over them a well-sea¬
soned cream sauce. They are as delicate
in flavor as leeks, a vegetable not as com¬
mon as it should be upon our tables.

*

Anyone fond of knitting will find pleas¬
ure in making baby’s mittens without any
thumbs, as little presents for the mothers
of small olive branches. Every baby
“makes a fist” when his mittens are put
on and the little thumbless mittens will
keep his hands warm, without the bother
of smuggling a limp little thumb into
a separate compartment where it will
never stay.

*

Try this method of baking eggs for
a delicious breakfast dish ; Butter muffin
rings and drop an egg into each cup until
you have used as many eggs as will be
required. Pour over each egg two table¬
spoonfuls of thick sweet cream, add half
a saltspoonful of salt and cover the tops
with buttered bread crumbs. Bake until
set in a hot oven, which will take about
five minutes.

★

One of the attractive Spring fashions
that blossomed out suddenly in April was
the use of white pique collars and cuffs
on jacket suits. The collars are made
just like a man’s narrow collar and lapels,
folded over the edge of the collarless
jacket, the cuffs being pointed and turn¬
ing back, quite plain. The effect is good,
and these adjuncts freshen a dark jacket
suit, giving a Spring-like look.

*

' A German sweet pickle, well worth
trying, is made from very young string
beans. Cut the ends off the tiny pods
and remove the little beginnings of
“strings,” pack in glass jars, and pour in
the boiling spiced and sweetened vinegar
just as if making sweet-pickled pears or
peaches. If white wine vinegar is used the
beans will retain their vivid green color
and thus make a pretty as well as a de¬
licious relish.

*

T here are now many exponents of un¬
cooked food among the vegetarians, and a
recent book devoted to this propaganda
points out the advantages gained in
houseekeping by the system. Cereals are
to be ground and soaked, and bread pre¬
pared by grinding nuts and grains to¬
gether and drying them in the sun, or
by means of electricity. We have eaten
uncooked bread made from oatmeal, and
it tasted just like genuine Scotch oat¬
cake, but was not quite as nice, to our
mind, because it was made about half
an inch thick, whereas the oatcake was
rolled thin. A Scotch relative, whose oat¬
cake was always considered especially
good, rolled her dough (merely oatmeal
and water, slightly salted) until it was
less than one-fourth of an inch thick, let
it dry a little on the molding board, and
then cooked it, by tilting it up in front
of the fire, with the door of the range
open. Even a believer in uncooked food

would have endorsed that oatcake, served
with a dressing of cream cheese or honey.
Uncooked vegetables are prepared for the
table by grinding or by cutting in cubes
for salad. We think, however, even the
most hardened reiormer would draw the
line at uncooked potatoes. Here are sam¬
ple menus for one day, given in a recent
book on uncooked food : Breakfast — One
red apple, two ounces of pecan meats,
one very ripe banana, sliced, with thick-
cream ; one glass of milk. Luncheon —
Two Bartlett pears, one ounce of pecan
meats, three Turkish pulled figs, one
ounce of pignolias, cold slaw, with olive
oil ; one cake of unfired bread, four
prunes, with thick cream ; sweet butter, a
glass of eggnogg. Dinner — Half a

pound of grapes, two ounces of mixed
nut meats, vegetable salad, one cake of
un fired bread, cream cheese, six or eight
black dates, very ripe red banana, with
thick cream; a pint of milk. We have
no doubt that any disciple of this re¬
formed dietary would endorse the entire
wholesomeness of these menus, yet many
a person of good health would find that
weirdly-composed dinner the cause of
much internal discomfort. The simultan¬
eous absorption of a pint of milk, a
banana and half a pound of grapes, all
innocent in themselves, has a tendency
to suggest in many cases the swallowing
of a paving stone.

*

As a variation in serving that whole¬
some but homely vegetable, the carrot,
at the end of the season, before young
roots are ready, try cooking it with fine
herbs — aux fines herbes, as the French
cook book calls it. Cut cleaned carrots
into thin strips ; put them in a stew-pan
with a generous lump of butter and a
slight dusting of salt, and let them stew
in their own juice until tender, only add¬
ing a little water if they become too dry.
Sprinkle a dusting of flour over them, and
15 minutes before they come to the table,
sprinkle with minced parsley, a pinch of
cloves and the grated yellow rind of a
lemon.

*

The Youth’s Companion tells of a
young business man who stopped in at the
corner grocery store one morning on the
way to his office to leave a daily order
for eggs for his young son.

“Can you furnish me with fresh eggs?”
he demanded.

“Yes, sir, we can.” was the answer.

“‘Perfectly fresh?”

“Perfectly.”

“Laid the same day?” 9

“Well,” said the man, doubtfully, “we
could guarantee a small quantity that
way.”

“They must be three in number and
they must be laid on the day they are
left at my door,” insisted the young
father, and then, remembering the theory
of the efficacy of “one cow’s milk,” in
bringing up babies, he added, “and they
must be one hen’s eggs.”

*

Modern silversmiths exert their inge¬
nuity in giving us new articles of table
ware, but none of these modern pieces
can equal in interest the old Apostle
spoons, which came into fashion about
the sixteenth century. It was the Eng¬
lish custom for sponsors to give these
spoons to their godchildren. A wealthy
godparent would give the entire set of 13,
while poorer people were' content with
but one, bearing on the handle the figure
of the child’s patron saint. The com¬
plete set had a Master spoon, bearing the
image of the Saviour holding sphere and
cross, and 12 others, each having the
figure of a different Apostle, with his em¬
blem, St. Peter a key, St. Paul a sword,
and so on. Tt is said that only two com¬
plete sets of these spoons are now in exis¬

tence, dating 1566 and 1626, the date being
fixed by the hall-mark (the official stamp
of the Goldsmith’s Company and other
assay offices in Great Britain). One set
sold in London in 1903 for $24,500, while
a single spoon bearing a figure of St.
Nicholas, and the inscription, “St. Nich¬
olas, pray for us,” sold about five years
ago in London for $3,450, said to be the
highest price ever paid for a single spoon.

The Evening Meal In California.

In this sunny Southland the people are
generally given to the evening dinner— so
contrary to the custom of years of coun¬
try life, where we always dined at noon.
I am learning to like the new way for
this reason : It insures one warm, hearty
meal for the children, who carry their
lunches to school, or if they come home
at noon are in too great haste properly
to masticate hearty food. But I have
not learned to enjoy spending several of
the afternoon hours in the kitchen stew¬
ing and boiling and roasting, neither do
we believe in living out of tin cans and
paper bags, so this is the way we man¬
age:

In the morning, when a fire in the
kitchen stove is not objectionable, many
things are cooked which will bear re¬
heating, or may be converted into other
dishes. Soups, stews — especially the
Spanish stews, and Spanish rice with
peppers — but those I will reserve for an¬
other chapter — beans, cauliflower, beef
loaf, rice and tomatoes, escalloped rice
and cheese, macaroni and cheese, simple
rice, bread, custard or fruit puddings
which may be served cold, or reheated in
a steamer. And by the way, I consider
steaming the best way of reheating food.
Have the water boiling briskly under the
steamer, and it takes but a few moments
to heat the food through, and it should
not be left to become watery. Almost
any vegetable or escalloped dish, steamed
in this way, is just as nice as when
freshly cooked.

We are fond of all kinds of creamed
soups, and it is seldom that our “cooler”
does not afford materials for one. Un¬
less I happen to have a meat stock for
my soup, 1 brown a lump of butter and
a spoonful of flour together, then add
whatever vegetable I have on hand — po¬
tatoes, baked beans or boiled cauliflower
—mashed fine. When this is heated
through I add cold milk and water to
make it the proper thickness, stirring un¬
til it boils smooth. This is seasoned to
taste. We Took celery tops and some
of the ill-looking stalks for greens, and
the water in which they are boiled is
saved and at another meal is used to
flavor a creamed potato soup. Last
night our soup was a combination of
mashed potatoes, baked beans, mashed, a
bowl of water in which turnips had been
boiled, a generous quantity of creamy
milk with proper seasonings, and it was
eaten with a relish. So many and devi¬
ous are the ways of converting the left¬
overs into warm dishes for the evening
meal. mary s. stelson.

God gives the mind, man takes the char¬
acter. The mind is the garden, the char¬
acter is the fruit; the mind is the white
page, the character is the writing we put
upon it. — George S. Weaver.

Easy Shaving

is only possible when the
beard is thoroughly soft¬
ened by the lather of

WILLIAMS’ lH5vn

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

Banner Lye

in handy cans

There are any number of uses for Banner Lye,
and the patented safety package makes it con¬
venient to handle.

Banner Lye lias no equal as a cleaner and dis¬
infectant. It not only makes your home safe
against the dangers of dirt and disease germs,
but makes your milk-pans, butter-tubs and dairy
sweet and sanitary.

Don’t confuse Banner Lye with old-style lye.
It Is odorless and colorless, safe, quick and
cheap.

For soap=making

the grease from your kitchen can be used to
good advantage with a 10-cent can of Banner
Lye. No boiling or large kettles are needed;
in ten minutes you have 10 pounds of good hard
soap or 20 gallons of soft soap.

Write for booklet ” Uses of Banner Lye,” and give
us your grocer's name should he not have it.

Tiie Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

Ih° Reeve Kitchen Cabinet

AT

WHOLESALE

PRICES

We are now sell¬
ing these famous
Kitchen Cabinets
direct from fac¬
tory to you, thus
saving you deal¬
ers’ big profits.

Write to-day for
illustrated cata¬
logue and reduced
price list to

Reeve Mfg. Co.,

27 Main Street.
Cortland, N. Y.

TELEPHONES

AND DINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS’ LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

“FUMA

33,

kills Pialrle Dogs,
’ Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.’’ So the weevil, but you can stop

“•tiff”* “Futna Carbon Bisulphide "StS

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yau, N. Y.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

has been used by Millions of Mothers for their '
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best <
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

At Wholesale Prices

Gold Coin Stoves have been STANDARD in high grade
trade for nearly fifty years. In every town where they are
not now sold we will sell

Gold Coin Ranges

and Heating Stoves at their wholesale price, sent on your appro¬
val, securely crated, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to
put in your home. No stoves are better made or more highly
endorsed. They allow no waste of fuel: are handsomely
ornamented and guaranteed to please you. No stove offer is
made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin sent prepaid

ON TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not
satisfied. This is the first proposition of this kind ever made by
a manufacturer of a High Grade Trade Mark Stove. Send for

FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE No. 3

It tells what a good stove must be and describes our full line of
Gold Coin Ranges and Heating Stoves. Write for it to-day.

The Gold Coin Stove Co., Troy, N.Y.

(Successors to Bussey & McLeod. Estab. 1800)

OUR OVEN THERMOMETERS

make
good
baking
easy

Every Gold Coin lias

Patent Stelliform (irate

Handy, easy, saves fuel.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

43 1

Some Posy Beds.

II.

Not every farmer's wife can raise fine
annuals. The patience or the skill, or the
strength may be lacking, for so much
sowing of seeds, transplanting of seedlings
on damp days, hot weather hoeing and
Fall gathering and labeling of seeds. Yet
she may have even more beautiful flowers
to cut and to give away. Comparisons
are unwelcome to the flower-lover, but
remind me not of annuals when 1 can cut
great stalks of Irises, lavender, orange,
royal purple; or can fill tall vases with
syringa and lemon yellow lilies ; or can
see, on grandmother’s old card table, the
green bowl in which she used to mix cake
heaped full of gorgeous preonies and their
stout, handsome foliage. With ordinary
care a garden of perennials is a perma¬
nent investment, and will grow more and
more beautiful each year, provided some
system of enriching and transplanting is
kept up. Great clumps of hardy Phlox
are so lovely when in bloom; full rows
of daffodils and Narcissi so charming in
early Spring; one wants many stalks of
Speciosum and Candidum lilies, whole
armfuls of Gypsophila and southernwood.

Any mere man, if obedient to direction,
may be trusted to hoe a garden where
none of the big plants can be mistaken for
weeds. But at transplanting times beware
how you leave him unwatched. A faith¬
ful but thick-pated Patrick once dug up
and threw away all the roots my mother
had bid him save, and dealt handsomely
by all she had ordered removed. Have
the ground spaded deep and well enriched
before setting a perennial. A top-dress¬
ing of the entire bed will not come amiss
every Fall. As it is desirable to have a
rather close stand of plants, not a great
deal of deep digging can be done each
Spring. If the Fail top-dressing has been
neglected a plentiful addition of fine com¬
post about each specimen will be paid for
in blooms later on. Ground bone is also
gratefully received, or other commercial
fertilizer mixed with the soil. These last
any woman can apply for herself, asking
no aid but a dip into the sacks being emp¬
tied on other parts of the farm. Try it
about whatever old standbys you may
possess, but remember that wherever you
have scattered ground bone a hen will
dig as if possessed of an evil spirit. (She
would not care half so much for it if
served in the poultry house out of a pat¬
ent dish bought for her especial use.)

There is an easy way of fighting weeds
in a bed of perennials, but it so savors
of shiftlessness that I hesitate to mention
it. Yet for the sake of those who love
flowers and long for bouquets, yet cannot
hoe, it shall be suggested: Make the path
- — if path one must have — out of coal
ashes or sawdust, and mulch all the earth
between the plants with old hay, dry
leaves, or lawn clippings. Returning after
a year’s absence T once found my garden
so carpeted with chickweed that the fol¬
lowing Summer was one long fight, with
victory hanging in the balance in the end.
That Fall I raked all the maple leaves
from the lawn on to the bed. The chick-
weed succumbed. Nor were my Irises,
Yuccas and Phlox the worse, but rather
the better off for having their feet kept
cool and moist.

Perennials should have sunshine, and
no water should settle upon them during
Winter. Yet some sorts thrive best in
partial shade. A bed but 20 feet square
will hold many pretty favorites and old
reliables endeared by long association.
Daffodils, single hyacinths, Scotch roses
and double buttercups descended from
one’s grandmother’s garden have a special
charm. A long border near the back of a
beautiful green lawn blooms fresh in my
memory, though seen several years ago.
Tall clumps of pampas grass were scat¬
tered along its length ; at intervals were
generous plantations of dear old Madonna
lilies, with here and there a taller Aura-
turn all shining, more beautiful than ala¬
baster candelabra when their blossoms
were seen from across the emerald fore¬
ground. There were neat iron trellises
on which grew showy-flowered Clematis,
both purple and white. There were — but
what was there not of plants rare and
interesting? Some, till then, but names
and dreams of loveliness to me.

But let us keep to ordinary farm pos¬
sibilities, to the struggle against chick-
weed, hens and various marauders. Prob¬
ably you must fence in your flowers with
poultry netting. It saves worlds of strain
on the temper, and dogs and cats are as
well kept out. I remember a petted out¬
door companion, a brown-eye;l setter, who
would watch with deep interest while T
planted bulbs, alert ears hanging over his
intelligent face, and now and then a lap
at my cheek, if possible to say, ‘Why do
you do it?” When my back was turned
two rakes of his strong paw and out
would come my Gladiolus or tuberose for
a brief and cursory inspection. Dear dog
gie ! TIis was a friendly soul. He wished
to share my interests and my possessions,
and no place would do so well as my

flower bed for the burying of bones he
wished to lay away to season.

A root of perennials will show by one
of three signs when it needs resetting :
When it becomes too bulky for good
looks, when it falls into the way of giv¬
ing less blooms each succeeding season,
or when its growth is less robust and it
seems dwindling in size, then select a
fresh site, having an eye to its apparent
preferences. Most bulbs will lose their
leaves, and can be lifted and reset during
August. Plants which bloom in early
Spring are best moved after active growth
is over, but not in a season of hot, dry
weather. Later-blooming sorts one will
naturally transplant when the beds are
being put in order in the Spring. Usually
each plant will be greatly benefited by
division of its roots. Cut squarely such
sorts as cannot be pulled apart. Discard
the brown, knotted pieces that seem old¬
est, setting the fresh, new nodes, and
being careful to preserve the fine feeding
roots. Directions for setting trees apply
perfectly. Do not expose roots to wind
or sun, or let them dry out. Trim broken
and mangled roots to a smooth cut. Pre¬
pare a deep bed well enriched. Spread
out the roots and sprinkle fine, rich soil
among them. When covered pour in a
pailful of water. Add more soil and
firm close over the roots. Have the
plants stand at about the same height
in the earth as before lifting, except pae-
onies and such sorts as tend to bury
themselves too deeply. Set the latter
with the newest nodes just beneath the
surface.

Does such a garden offer too little in
the way of fresh interest and novelty,
and do roots of perennial plants seem
more expensive than seeds of annuals?
But you can become a miser in plants so
far as varieties- go. Set all you can and
keep all you get. Try one or two fresh
varieties each season. Study, humor and
cherish each till it proves not for your
locality or begins multiplying and prom¬
ising offspring for your neighbor’s beds.
When selecting varieties the season of
bloom counts for a good deal. So many
old favorites heap our laps with blossoms
in May and June, when we are almost
too busy house cleaning to enjoy them,
and leave us flowerlcss later on. But it is
a rest from the smell of paint-pots and
soap-suds and whitewash just to go out
and look at the big, fresh-faced preonies,
the Dicentra hearts all hung in tinkling
rows and Narcissi and daffodils all “Nod¬
ding their heads in sprightly dance.” The
gorgeous perennial poppies must be wel¬
come at any season, and who doesn’t love
any sort of lily, from the grassy-leaved
yellow ones to huge, heavy-scented Aura-
turns? 'I he Funkias, white and lavender,
bloom in August, and hardy Phlox has
now so many delicate colors wherewith
to brighten the hardy borders at a sea¬
son when flowers are not plentiful. Then
Golden Glow is a faithful ally all the Fall,
and hardy Chrysanthemums carry on the
decorative scheme long after the Dah¬
lias have drooped beneath the first breath
of frost. PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Rural Patterns.

The surplice style gives an attractive
effect in the corset cover figured. It
combines a tucked back with fronts that
are shirred at the shoulders and gathered
at the waist line, and is closed invisibly
beneath the edge of the right front, the
lower edge being finished with the basque
portion which serves to keep it in place.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 1(4 yard 36 inches wide
with 4 yards of lace and 3 yards of in¬
sertion to trim as illustrated. The pat¬
tern 5013 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38
and 40 inch bust measure; price, 10
cents.

Modified shirt waist dresses, giving a
childish effect, are well liked for growing
girls. No. 5022 is among the best that
are offered, and is worn with the turn¬
over collar and cuffs, which are always
pretty and childlike, and is closed at the
center back. In the illustration the ma¬
terial is Scotch gingham but there are so
many available ones that the list is very
nearly endless. All the simple washable
fabrics of the coming season can be util¬
ized, gingham, chambray, percale, cotton
veiling, pique and the like with the collar
and cuffs either of white, as illustrated.

or of the materials as may be preferred.
The dress is made with waist and skirt,
which are joined by means of a straight
belt. I he waist is laid in a broad box
pleat at the front, and tucks at the shoul¬
ders that are stitched for a portion of

6013 Surplice Corset Cover,

32 to 40 bust.

their length only, while the back is laid
in tucks from shoulders to waist line. The
skirt is straight, which renders it well
adapted to laundering, and tucked for a
portion of it length, while the sleeves are
in shirt waist style, tucked at the wrists.
When liked these can be finished without
cuffs as shown in the back view. The

6022 Girl’s Dress, 8 to 14 yrs.

quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size (12 years) is 5J4 yards 27, 4J4
yards 32 or 3'/> yards 44 inches wide with
14 yard 36 inches wide for collar and
cuffs. The pattern 5022 is cut in sizes for
girls of 8j 10, 12 and 14 years; price 10
cents. _

If fortune, with a smiling face,

Strew roses on our way,

When shall we stoop to pick them up?

To-day, my friend, to-day !

But should she frown with face of care,
And talk of coming sorrow,

When shall we grieve if grieve we must?
To-morrow, friend, to-morrow !

— Mackay.

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PAPER

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278 Green St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
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THE FARMERS

on the

HOMESTEAD LANDS

WESTERN
CANADA

carry the banner or yields of wheat
and other grains for 1901. This is the
eru of $1.00 wheut.

70,000 FARMERS

receive $55,000,000 ns a result of their
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well as cattle and horses add consider¬
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FREE HOMESTEAD

at once, or purchase from some reliable
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Apply for information to Superinten¬
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TH0S. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

STOP THAT COUGH

•“ JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
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GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

432

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 27,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, May 27, J905.

FARM TOPICS.

Which Field for Alfalfa? . 423

Farm Labor in Delaware . 423

Crops for Plowing Under . 423

Use of Lime With Fertilizer . 424

Cattails or Flags for Forage . 424

Fertilizer for Potatoes . 424

Construction of Smokehouse . 425

Facts About Windmills . 425

Information About Stacking Fodder.... 425

Hope Farm Notes . 427

Crop Prospects . 42!i

Destroying Mustard . 429

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Fancy Markets for Eggs . 422

An Advocate of the Silo . 422

Farm and Dairy Notes . 434

Cow Weaner . 434

Pure Bloods vs. tirades . 435

Remedies for Ailing Cows . 435

Pasture for Hogs . 435

HORTICULTURE.

Building a Greenhouse . 421

Strawberry Basket Carrier . 422

Flour and Kerosene for Spraying . 423

Grafting Plum Into Apricot . 424

Mammoth Clover in Peach Orchard . 424

Kuralisms . 42C

Flour of Lime . 42(5

The Italian Prune on Puget Sound . 429

Paper Pots . 429

Boxed Apples . 429

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 430

The Evening Meal in California . 430

Some Posy Beds, Part II . 431

The Rural Patterns . 431

MISCELLANEOUS.

Inexpensive Bathroom . 422

Cement and Lime for Mortar . 424

Editorials . 428

Events of the Week. . . 429

Business Bits . 429

Markets . 432

Publisher’s Desk . 433

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending May 20, 1905.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red .

No. 1, Northern. Duluth....

Corn, mixed .

Oats, mixed . . . . .

Barley .

— © 98%

— @1.08%

— © 5(5

— © 36

— @48

FEED.

Wholesale prices

Spring Bran .

Middlings .

Red Dog .

Ilominy Chop .

Retail Western New Y'ork.

Wheat Bran . 22.00

Middlings . 24.00

Red Dog . 26.00

Corn and Oats . 25.00

DAY AND STRAW.

©18.10
(a 21 .00
(a 2.3.25
(a 20.00

(<l 23.00
© 26.00
© 27.00
@ 26.00

Ilay, No. 1 . 75

No. 2 . 05

No. 3 . 60

Clover and Clover mixed. . . . 65

Straw, long rye . 80

MILK.

@ 77%

@ 70
© 65
@ 72%
@ 85

New York Exchange price 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-cent zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 21 %©> 22

Firsts . 20% ©> 21

Seconds . 19 © 20

State dairy, tubs, extra . 21 fa 21 %

Firsts . 20 © 20%

Seconds . 19 © 19%

Thirds . — @ 18

Western Imitation Creamery,

extras . — © 19

Firsts . — © 18

Renovated, extras . — © 19

Firsts . 18 @ 18%

Seconds . 17 © 17%

Thirds . 15 © 16

Western Factory, firsts, current

make . — © 18

Seconds, current make . It! © 17

Thirds . 14 @ 15

Packing stock No. 2 . 16 @ 17

CHEESE.

NEW.

Full cream, small, fine . — © 11%

Small, fair to choice . 10 % © 11

Large, white . 10% © 11

Large, colored . 10%© 10%

Light skims, choice . 9%@ 9%

Full skims . 2 © 3

OLD.

Fancy, white and colored . — © 14%

Fine, white and colored . — @ 13%

EGGS.

Nearby, fancy, white . 20 @ 21

Choice . 10 © 10%

Extra mixed . — @ 19

Western, firsts, storage pack.. 18%@ 18%

Firsts . — @ 18

Seconds . 17 © 17%

Thirds . 15% © 16

Term, and other South, seconds 16 © 16%

Thirds . 13% @ 15

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bu . 2.85 ©2.00

Common to good . 2.50 ©2.80

Pea, choice . — @1.75

Common to good . 1.50 @1.70

Red kidney, choice . — @2.65

Common to good . 2.45 @2.60

White kidney, choice . 3.10 @3.15

Black turtle soup, choice . 3.25 © —

Yellow eye, choice . — @2.00

DRIED FRUITS.
Apples, fancy, N. Y. State....

Choice, N. Y. State .

Low grade .

Waste, prime, 100 lbs .

Chops .

Sun-dried quarters .

Raspberries .

Iluckleberres .

Cherries . . .

6% @ 7

5 % © 6

4 (■< 5%

95 @1.05

1.45 @1.50

2 % @ 3

24 © 25

10 @ 11
@ 1 3 %

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Ben Davis .

Spy .

Baldwin . . .

Greening .

Spitzenburg .

Russet .

Strawberries. Norfolk, fey ....

Norfolk, ch .

Md., fancy . .

Md., choice .

2.25
2.25
o 2~i
2. 00
2.25
2.25
6

5

6
4

@3.50
@3.50
©3.00
© 3.25
@3.50
@3.00
@> 1 2
© 8
@ 14
@ 8

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes. State & W'n, 180 lbs.

Maine, 168-lb bag . 90

Bermuda, new. No. 1, bbl .

No. 2 . .

Southern. Rose, No. 1. bbl
Chili white. No. 1, bbl.

Chili red. No. 1, bbl...

Seconds, bbl .

Culls, bbl .

Sweets, Jersey, bbl . 2,00

Asparagus, Colossal, doz. . .

Extra prime .

Culls . 50

Beets, Charleston. 100 bchs.

Florida, bbl crate . 1.00

Carrots, Charleston, 100 be

Cabbage, Norfolk, bbl .

Celery, St. & West., doz. . .

Chicory, New Orleans, bbl.

Corn, Florida, ease of 100.

Kale, nearby, bbl .

Kohlrabi, New Orleans, 100

bunches . 2.00

Lettuce, nearby, bbl .

Mushrooms, lb .

Oyster plants. 100 bchs . 2.00

Peas, East. Sh. Va.. bu-bkt. .

N. C\, bu-basket .

N. C\, %-bbl. basket .

Norfolk, per %-bbl. basket.

Norfolk & Suffolk, per bkt. . 2f

Parsley, New Orleans, 100 be

Parsnips, old bbl .

Radishes, nearby, 100 bchs.

Spinach, nearby, bbl .

String beans. Charleston, wax,

bu-baeket . 20

Round green . . .

Flat green .

Savannah, wax .

Green .

Florida .

Squash, Marrow, old, bbl .

Hubbard, old, bbl .

Tomatoes, Florida, fancy, 20-

qt. carrier . .

Florida, choice . 1 .00

Florida, common .

Turnips. Rutubaga. bbl....

LIVE POULTRY
Spring chickens, nearby, pair
Western and southern, lb.

Fowls, Western .

Roosters .

Turkeys .

Ducks . . 60

Geese, pair . .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, Western, average best 17

Mixed weights, fair to good. 15

Chickens, broilers, 3 lbs. and

under to pair, lb . 40

Mixed sizes . 17

State and I’a.. mixed sizes.... 15

Western broilers . 30

Fowls, Western, medium size. .

Ducks, Spring, I.. I. and East¬
ern. lb . . . —

Squabs, prime large white, doz.2.50

Mixed, dozen . 2.12

Dark, dozen . U50

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

. 6 © 9%

head . 5.00 @6.50

. . 7 % @ 8%

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 5.75 @0.3.)

. 3.«>0 @4.40

. 3.00 @4.75

. . . 1.80 @4.25

beef . 8 % © 10

7 3

© 1.12

@ 1.15

4.00

© 4.50

@3.50

2.25

@3.00

2.25

@2.75

2.25

© 2.50

©'2.00

© 1.75

2.00

© 1.00

2.25

© 2.75

© 2.00

@1.00

1.00

©6.00

@2.00

1.00

@3.00

©1.75

15

©) 90

2.00

@5.00

@3.00

40

© 60

2.0(1

@4.00

©2.25

10

© 50

2.00

@3.00

1.50

@ 1.75

25

@ 50

25

@1.25

7~>

@1.50

25

@ 75

il.OO

@ -

1 .00

© —

40

@ 50

75

© 1.00

20

© 60

25

@1.00

25

@1.50

15

© 50

25

@1.00

.25

© 1 .00

—

@1.00

1.00

@1.25

1.50

@2.00

1.00

@1.25

50

@ 7 5

75

@ 1.00

75

@1.00

© 35

—

© 13%

_

© 9

—

©/ 12

60

@ 80

1.0(1

© 1 .25

—

@ 25

©

@

©

©

@

©

©

©

(a

16

45
20
17
35
1 3 %

20

75

@2.25

@1.62

Calves
I .a mbs
Hogs

i >xen .

Bulls .

Cows .

Dressed _

Milch cows with calves . 50.00

sheep5 '.7.7.'.'.'.'.'.'.: :: :: : :: : :3.5o @5.00

Lambs .7 . 8-00

Hogs . ('-°o

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wintergreen . 1.85

Sassafras

© 50.00

@7.00

@9.00

@6.12

Peppermint

2.90

@2.10
© 70

@3.00

Spearmint . 4.75 @.>.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f
bag

per

'rices for
lots 10 to 25
Nit rate of soda . .

Muriate of potash .

* "M nhosphate .

Kainit .

Dried blood .

Tankage .

Bone meal .

Peruvian guano .

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots.
Copper sulphate, bbl. lots.

o. b. New York! Single
cent higher.

lb. —
lb. —

© 53.00
@43.00
© 1 2.50
@12.00
© 52.00
@35.00
@25.00
@37.00
© 2%

© 5 %

“I think,” said the reporter, ‘‘that the
iiiblic would like to know how you man¬
ned to live to such a great age.” “By
lerseverance,” replied the centenarian. 1
est kept on livin’.”— Philadelphia Press

Mama; '‘When that naughty boy threw
tones at you why didn’t you come and
ell me instead of throwing them back
t him?” Little Willie: “Huh! What
;ood would it do to tell you? You
ouldn’t hit the side of a house.” — Wash-
ngton Life.

“BED-hangings are in fashion again,
ead a citizen of Arkansas, who was la-
loriously conning the “patent side" of <he
ullage newspaper. “Bed-hangin’s— well,

’ll be dad-dogged. It’s a blamed lazy
uss that won’t git out o’ bed to be
tung.” — Credit Lost.

“It’s pretty hard to determine a boy’s
'ocation.” “Well, it seems to be pretty
veil settled that my boy is bound to be a
■ontractor.” “Showing an aptitude for it
d ready, eh?” “Well, he contracts nearly
■verything that comes along; had the
•hicken-pox and mumps last month, and
iow he’s got the measles.”— Philadelphia
Press.

/

rj

TURNS

MILK

INTO

MONET

iTHE

Cream Separator does it

SURE' V — SIMPLY — SWIFTLY -SAFELY — STEADILY

TEN YEARS USE FURNISHES AMPLE PROOF.

separator for farm purposes and that its wearing qualities are of the best, and cheerfully
recommend the U. S. Cream Separator to any one intending to purchase a separator for
its durability, simplicity and construction. It is a clean skimmer and easily eared for.
We have used our separator twice a day and skimmed the milk from 30 cows and it never
failed to do the work which it was required to do. To all appearances it will last a good
many years to come.”

Roskndaj.e. Wis.. March 8. 1905. F. H. SCRIBNER.

The U. S. Separator holds the World’s Record for cleanest skimming
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing Warehouses at Chicago. Minneapolis, Omaha. La Cros*e, Wis., Sfmix City, la., Kansas City, Mo.
Salt Lake City, Utah, San F»ancisco, Cal., Portland, Ore. , Buffalo, N.Y., Portland, Me., Montreal, and Sherbrooke,
Que., Hamilton, Out., Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

404 Address all Letters to Bellows Falls, Vt.

Convenience.

Why not get it in your cream separator when
every other essential goes with it? That’s
the difference between the separator of
today and the old machines. The new

Papec

Cream Separator

doesn't require you to lift the milk as high as
your head to fill the can. A child can fill it.
That counts when you use it every day twice
a day. Mind you, this is not attained at the
expense of clean skimming, easy turning, or
cleaning. Handiness is not inconsistent with these
things. The Papec is the separator that has them all.
Let us tell you all about it. Our free book will do it.

THE PAPEC MCH. CO.,

Box 10, Lima, N. Y.

Buy Direct From Factory

And Save the Middleman's Enormous Profits.

Our Milk Cans embody all best improvements ; are
made of annealed steel ; all partsdouble tinned. In¬
sides 11 mli and smooth as glass ; no places for milk to
collect and sour ; very easy to clean— a most Import¬
ant feature. Guaranteed as repre-
.ruled or cans may lie returned at
inir expense liulh ways. A postal card
will hrlmr our Catalogue giilne full
deser’ptlonv. Seud for one today
Wisconsin,

8 gal, 15 lbs, $1 35
10 gal, 10 lbs, 1 40
5 gal, 12 lbs,

8 gal, l~'4 lbs,

10 gal, 18% lbs,

5 gal, 15 lbs,

8 gal, 21 lbs,

10 gal, 22 lbs,

8 gal, 21 lbs,

10 gal, 22 lbs,
Terms, cash with order.

■New York.'

1 40
1 55
1 00
1 05
1 75
1 80
1 75
1 80

. . or

C. (> 1). subject to examination.

THE SEESTEDT BROS. MFG CO.

ROMULUS, MICH.

Iowa,

New York,

Cleveland,

Live stock diseases prevented
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder,

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

BINDER TWINE

Farmers wanted as agents. August Post, Moulton, Iowa.

att e nt i o NT.?;:.;::,, ssr

favor us with your orders. Mull orders a Specialty

1. HKKZ, (lent. Mgr., SSMoutgomery St. .Jersey Clty.N. J.

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8. Oswego. N. Y.

DURHAM BULL

Wanted, from twelve

_ _ months to two years old.

Must be registered. Reply P. O. Box 377, New. York.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.: 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 1110s. old, St, Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

SILOS

Buy your Silo material from T E.
CROSS, Poughkeepsie, New York,
and save agent's profits.

There is a good opening on a large farm in Western
Pennsylvania for a bright, up-to-date farmer and
wife. Prefer one having had experience on a dairy
farm. This will appear but once. If you want the
place reply to "Farmer,” care Rural New-Yorker,
stating experience, age and references.

WANTED

Strawberries and all other Fruits and Vege¬
tables; Dressed Lambs, Calves, Hothouse Products,
Fancy Eggs, etc. Top prices secured for choice pro¬
ducts. Write us what you have for sale.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New Y’ork.

6*0. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. PRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.;

Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds ov
COUNTRY PRODUCK, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Speolalty. ©Consignments solicited
84 * 36 Kittle 12th St.„ New York-

VIRGINIA FARMS

COST $10
Income $30

ACHE
por Aero

I HOICK Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
j Hying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . $2.50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, .50
Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

Virginia Land Is doing this for 11* fanners every year, and
we prove it to you by signed statements. Long Summers,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eastern
markets at loweBt rates Best church, school ami social advau
tages. For list offarms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAUME, Agr. aud lud. Agt.
Norfolk and Western By., Bos 17 Roanoke, Va.

3000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale throughout
New England and the South, “Strout's Spring List”
describing and illustrating hundreds, mailed free.
E. A. Strout, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau St., N.Y.City.

DO YOUR OWN THRESHING,

The two horse power Little Giant

_ Thresher and Cleaner enables U

farmer todoTiis own threshing. Save expense and thresh when you have

the time. No waiting fur the job thresher. Thresh for yourself and your neighbors. Clean
threshing, perfect cleaning. Grain ready for market. Capselty 200 to WO bu per day.

Threshes all grain and graes seeds. Runs by steam or other power. Tread powere for 12 or
3 horses. Can be used for «awtog.shelllng.pumpillg, feed cutting, etc. 8end for catalog, free.

11EEBNKB «fc SONS, No. 28 Broad St., Lunsdale, Pa.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE »

‘“T1IE MASTER WORKMAN,"

_ _ a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Leal to Run. Quickly, easily started. Novibration. Can be mounted on any J''?Eouat smaUcost— portahle sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND BOK Catalogue Til K TEMPLE PUMP UO-, Mfr»., Mea«her A 15th SU., Chicago, lHlblb OUR HBTY-rlKbl YfcAK.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

9

1905.

433

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

Last December we received a letter
from a New England friend accompanying
the renewal of his subscription. The let¬
ter, among other things, contained this
criticism :

I consider The R. N.-Y, as up-to-date a
farmers' paper as there is. and it is my fav¬
orite weekly. One little suggestion is of¬
fered: that is. about the .Tack-in-the-box table
of contents. To my mind a business farmers'
paper should have a definite and convenient
place for an index every week, where he can
use red or blue pencil titles for future refer¬
ence. I would suggest as the most conve¬
nient place for all concerned (so as not to
mar a full outside last page) the lower right
corner inside the last page. This would be
handy to find either lying on a shelf or hang¬
ing up. F. HOWARD BROWN.

Massachusetts.

It struck me at the time that the crit¬
icism was merited. There has been some
question as to whether a table of contents
is necessary in a weekly paper like The
R. N.-Y. Some of the staff think it a
waste of space, others think it especially
valuable. But if it is to be a feature at
all, it certainly should appear regularly
and have a definitely fixed location in the
paper. This is not as easy as it seems at
first thought. The last page is most con¬
venient, but it is not possible to keep it
there regularly. Mr. Brown’s suggestion
for next to the last page will not do, be¬
cause, when we run 20 or 24 pages that
page goes to press before some of the
other pages are made up. The table of
contents must be the last page put in the
forms, so as to get a complete list of the
contents. The market page is the only
one that we can rely upon during the en¬
tire year. This will not always be page
12, but the market page is sufficiently
prominent in itself to serve all the pur¬
poses of permanent location. We have lo¬
cated it on this page. For the present at
least it will appear there regularly. It is
for your convenience solely. If it is of
no use to you, and you prefer the space
for something else, tell us so. Whether
it remains a permanent feature or* not will
depend on the expressed preference of
readers.

The following letter was received last
week :

I wonder how many there are who have
become acquainted with that Philadelphia
real estate agent. I acknowledge the corn
to the tune of $20 retaining fee. hut the in¬
ducements were very good. I quote from his
letter :

“Yesterday in submitting to a client de¬
scription of property similar to yours 1 dis¬
covered that yours was not on the list. Just
now I would like to have your property on
my lists, as 1 believe 1 can make a speedy
sale for you.” e. l. d.

Wenatchee, Wash.

When a man receives a letter like that,
or a telegram with the same intimation
of a prospective customer, and never hears
further from the possible buyer, after pay¬
ing the advance fee, he naturally feels that
he has not got all he paid for. It gives
special significance to the case when nu¬
merous customers report a similar expe¬
rience.

We arc always glad to hear fom sub¬
scribers whether they have been with us
for years or only for weeks. We like to
hear from the young men because the
future of our country depends on them.
We are pleased to hear from the old men
because they have made the country what
it is to-day, and their honest and sturdy
traditions are valuable guideposts for the
ambitious young men who are to follow
them. Here is a friend who has evidently
been with us for over 20 years :

Enclosed please find $1 for the renewal
of my subscription. It does not expire for
two months yet, but my wife wants “The
Business lien.” I see every now and then
an article from some one stating he has taken
The R. N.-Y. for 10 or 15 years, which is
certainly a long time, but if I recollect rightly
I have been a steady subscriber since 1874,
shortly after I started my farm on almost
nothing, hut am now in good circumstances,
a good share of which I owe to The It. N.-Y.

Cochrantown, Pa. c. a. l.

And here is a western friend, who goes
back 15 years longer:

E. M. W. in your issue of January 28.
says that he commenced to read The R.
N.-Y. in 1858. It seems from this that some
of your subscribers have l>een with you for
a long time. This speaks well for the jour
nal, and incidentally for E. M. W., of Kansas.
May I say that we lived near Rochester,
N. Y.. in 1850, and read Moore's R. N.-Y.
when It was quite young. It was good then,
perhaps that is why we read it now.

McPherson, Kan. e. d. r.

'It will be fitting to follow these old

friends with a note from a friend of more
recent acquaintance. Hear him:

I availed myself of your “10 weeks for 10
cents" offer and like your paper so well I
am sending for a yearly supply. You have
certainly given me my money’s worth. I
notice you send "The Business lien" same
day subscription is received, for which I will
thank you in advance. e. e. it.

Connecticut.

Needless to say, “The Business Hen’’
went back to E. F. B. by the next mail.
We have other letters similar to this by
every mail. We are simply using this one
as a text for you. If your neighbor does
not feel like paying for a whole year’s sub¬
scription, suggest to him that he can have
it 10 weeks for 10 cents. He will acknowl¬
edge. like E. F. B„ that he has had his
money’s worth, and the yearly renewal
will follow. In the meantime we want to
remind those who have not yet received
“The Business Hen” that the book is all
ready for them, and will go back the day
renewals are received.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Eggs. — The market is dull and there is a
surplus especially of medium grades. The
general run of southern gatherings are selling
very low.

Better is down 3% cents from last report.
The recent declines seem a little too heavy to
last, but the general range of prices is still
above this time last year.

Beans Wanted. — “Where can I get Black
Turtle sou]) beans? I cannot find them in
any seed catalogue." m. b.

Michigan.

There have been several inquiries like the
above recently. Though not listed in seed
catalogues this bean may be had from many
grocers or dealers in large towns who keep
white beans, red kidney, "etc. It is a small
bean of good quality, black as charcoal. I
have bought small lots of these beans for
readers, in the food markets of this city, for
15 cents per quart, and postage costs about
the same, costing the customer 30 cents per
quart, rather high for anything hut experi¬
mental planting.

Potatoes.- Conditions are worse titan last
week. Dealers in old stock seem to think
that this is the last chance to get rid of their
surplus holdings, and prices have dropped ac¬
cordingly. New potatoes from the South are
also lower, some of choice quality and un¬
pricked having sold as low as $2.50. Sort¬
ing of the better grades should he very care¬
fully done to get out those that are mangled
in the digging. It is doubtful whether it
pays even to put them with seconds. When
shipments are made in barrels, every barrel
should be examined and all nails knocked
down before filling. New potatoes on which
the skin slips easily look rough enough from
the shaking on the way without any addi¬
tional mutilation from digging tools or nails.

Green Beans and Peas have been arriving
here in miserable condition. The consignees
have refused to receive a good many. The
Board of Health has seined some, and others
have sold for barely enough to pay expenses.
Results are certainly very discouraging to
growers, though most of them recognize that
there is a large element of chance in pro¬
ducing these crops at a long distance from
market. The very quickest possible handling
is needed to get green corn, string beans and
peas here from the South in anything like
desirable condition. Those familiar with these
vegetables at their best know that they ought
to be cooked within a half hour of their re¬
moval from the field. When the nearby crop
is coming in. t lie city consumer can some¬
times jjet these vegetables when one day old.
but. with quick work, four or five days must
separate the southern crop from the northern
table. They are still beans, peas and corn,
but have lost their garden fragrance and
flavor. When they have to stand around at
shipping points a day or more waiting for
cars, tile wonder is that they sell at all.

Apple conditions are very much improved,
as the bulk of mixed and cull fruit which
loaded down the market a month ago has
either spoiled or been sold. The export de¬
mand is first class at present. Varieties seen
in New York now are mainly Spitzenburg,
Spy, Ben Davis, Baldwin. Greening and Rus¬
set. Spy is easily at the top in price and
quality, though some of its fine flavor is
wanting. But few Russets are seen. The
dirty color makes them unattractive to those
unfamiliar with their excellent late-in-the-
Spring quality. Ben Davis comes the nearest
to all-season uniformity of any variety I
know. Open a barrel in November. February
or July, and the fruit wears the same cheer¬
ful smile. Though never choice, this apple
is always fair to middling and occupies a
previously unfilled place in apple society.
Growers and dealers should remember that
this apple lias its own place and not attempt
to boom it unduly. The worst blow that the
Ben Davis has received in this market has
not come from those who criticised its qual
ity, but from dealers who have sold it as
first class, which always results in dissatis¬
faction. Anyone who gets buncoed in this
way is sure to tell li is friends about it. and
every barrel sold under such misrepresenta¬
tion prohibits the sale of several others of the
same variety, which might have worked out
in medium grade channels without causing
any cry of fraud from the customer. I have
noted a number of cases of this description
and Its attendant results, and judge that at
one time the custom was quite common. But
it was a mistake, as it always is in the long
run. to sell anything by misrepresentation.
Any individual gain thus made will result in
ultimate loss to the industry in general. H.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co,

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any

case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. liberal terms.

,461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

M

a

;

I Continues tube

I remedy for S|
] bones, Curbs

1 all forms of lam

KENDALL’S S

1 cures promptly, p
1 out scar. $1 a bot
I druggists. Unequa
I Book, A Treating

Dr.B.J.KE
| Enosbura Fal

the one reliable

>avlns, Rlnf*
Splints and

eness.

PA V IN CURE

©rmanentlr, wlth-
tlo. 6 for f 6. All
led for family use.

»n th« Horn , free.

NDALLCO, •

Is, Vsrmont.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young .Stock, Both Sexes, #5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D., Lake Co., Ohio.

20th Century Wagon Box

Stock Rack and Hay
Ladders. Made Better than
you expect. Thoroughly 8"' Jed, not nailed. Write

Model Mfg. Co., Box 219 Muncie, Indiana.

Dfllll TD %#>ooooooooo

rUULIK ■•ss.ft&d

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
jbators. Livestock, Brooders— anything— J
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the!
jasking — it’s worth having. j

> Excelsior Wire 8t Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. (

oooooooooooooooooooooooool

Pratts Animal Regulator
cured his horses.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

OKJIPlfCil DiDCD 4 mos- trial 10c- Box U,

UniUnE.ll rArCn New Brunswick. N. J

Wator n 000 for preserving eggs. Endorsed
VTulCl UlUOO by agricultural papers. Gallon can,
$1. Middlesex Chem. Works, Middletown, Ct.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS.. R. D. 41, Weedsport. N. Y.

cuuo run dale Selected, 75 cent

Choice fine laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Barr
P. Rocks, R. 1. Reds. S. 0. W. Leghorns.

0. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Ma;

LIGHT BRA H M A K'iS:

C. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston Four Corners, N. Y.

Finely Bred Last Year Pullets ,F" S;

Birds I have been breeding from this season, Single
Comb, White and Brown Leghorns, Black Minorcas,
White Wyandottes, White and Barred Plymouth
Rocks. LOCUST FARM, Eatontown, New Jersey.

S. C. K. I. HKDS, farm raised. Eggs from best pen,
$1 per fifteen. C. L. TURNER, Becket, Mass.

liUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15, 11.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertowu, Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. Wo have been
breeding “Business Leghorns" for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Kggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks IS 12.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

Rose CombW. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Eggs $1 for 15; $3
for 60; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

Var s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J . A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

r/JIJQ Single Comb White Leghorn Eggs. Healthy
CUUw selected stock. Free range. $1 per 15; $4
per 100. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

Choice Stock forSale.— Hocks.Wyandottes, Leghorns.

Minorcas. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed. 5c.: dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

0)

h

o

IT)

CM

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Cood.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

r\>

cn

o

H

C/>

Made of pure vegetable drugs
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

COOPER

SHEEP DIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD <’»'• 60

yours. Used on 250 millions annually. If local
druggist cannot supply, send $1.75 for$2 (100 gal.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 72 Beaver St., N. Y.

F.S.BURCH

jEarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.

Best on tbe market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F. S. BURCH &C0-, 144 Illinois St. Chicago,

No agent’s
profits to pay.

THIS IS THE LIMIT.

^ A /"fh For a 50-Egg Hot Water,
Self-regulating Incubator.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchable egg.
$3 for 50-chick brooder. Only 87.50
for complete outfit. 30 days’
trial. Send for FREE catalogue. t

Buckeye Incubator Co.

Box 23. Springfield, Ohio.

CYPHERS

INCUBATORS

are guaranteed to hatch more and
healthier chicks than any other or
your money back. Used and en¬
dorsed by 42 Government Experi-
mentStations. Complete catalog and
* poultry Guide, 212 pages (8x11) free
if you send the address oftwoneigh-
. bors who keep good poultry and name
^ this paper. Address nearest office.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

STRICTLY
r" AUTOMATIC'
■JMROUGHOUT

$ I 0-80 For
I Ma 200 Egg

J/INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction find
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.

WE KNOW

We give you this know¬
ledge in Gleanings in Bee
Culture , a semi-monthly pa-
14 L, L per edited by bee-men of
wide experience. Learn
this fascinating business.
Copy free. Six months’ trial twenty-five
cents. Subscribe now and begin to learn.

A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

SQUABS PAY*™**

Ea»ler, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
Industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.

KaiseSQ U ABS Pay*

You can make this business interesting and success¬
ful with two requisites — 1st, good stock : 2d, intelligent
care. We will sell yon the first and teach you the second.

Our Plant is the Largest in America

k We raise only straight bred Homers, the best for
A producing choice squabs. Our squabs bring high-
esfc prices in New York markets. Our booklet will
set you thinking in the right direction.
Send for it. It’s FKEK.

JBSSV The Atlantic Squab Company
BoxK. Hammonton, N. J.I

REKIN DUCKS A AID

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks, $1.50 to *2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents and $1 .15 for 1 1 ; and $6 and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings. 80 cents and $1 for thirteen; and $5 and $6 per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity New Yoik City.
8C pens, 2.000 layers. Cut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONN IE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get ihe stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York tbe past three years are in these yards

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverolle?” They are free.

J. H. SYMOND8,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTES

(Duston Strain) Eggs, 75 cts. per 15; $4 per 100.

Grandview Farm, Stanfordville, N. Y.

P

CL IV I IM UUV/I\ tGGd

FOR HATCHING. PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster. Pa.

S, C, BROWN LEGHORNS iSsSLJsSi:

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs, $1 per To, or $4 per 100. J. A.
BUSH. R, No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

WHITE WVANDOTTES, 400 layers, bred for
laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $1.50 per 15; $5 per 100: $45 per 1000. Safe arrival
guaranteed. E. H. DeMAR, Bryantville, Mass.

434

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

May 27,

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES
Cow Gives Bloody Milk.

We have a cow that is giving bloody milk
from one teat. She came in a month or two
ago, and gave milk that after setting over
night in a fruit can by the side of another
can of perfectly natural milk showed a red¬
dish tinge. It improved, but now shows red¬
dish again. Cow is healthy and not old. We
feed Buffalo and wheat middlings, give good
care and kind handling. J. w. t.

Andover, N. Y.

Cows often give bloody milk when
their udder has been injured, and this is
the most frequent cause. If at calving
time the udder is swollen and inflamed the
milk will often be bloody for a few days,
but usually ceases if the udder has proper
attention. I have known cows to give
bloody milk later, if overfed, and the
milk glands stimulated beyond their ca¬
pacity. A lessening of feed and a change
of feed will prevent this. I have heard of
cows giving bloody milk when fed on,
madder root and a few other plants, but
have never had any trouble this way. I
should bathe the infected quarter with
hot water, give laxative food, such as
bran and linseed meal, and think the
trouble will cease.

Bitter Milk.

Why does the cream of our Jersey cow
when standing in a milk pan for 36 hours
have a bitter taste? After standing 24 hours
it is sweet. The cow is grain fed, and now
has grass also ; feed is No. 2 flour and wheat
bran, and fresh water; milk kept in cool cel¬
lar. A. G.

St. James, L. I.

Milk has frequently a bitter, bad taste
for a few days after cows are turned into
rank fresh grass, also milk and cream
from strippers is sometimes bitter, but I
am inclined to think that the trouble is
caused by the growth of the wrong kind
of bacteria in the cream. I do not like a
cellar, no matter how clean, for the keep¬
ing of milk or cream. It is almost impos¬
sible to ventilate properly, and the air is
such that it often kills the good flavor in
milk or cream. Try keeping the cream
in some other place, and above all see that
the pans arc thoroughly cleaned and
scalded well or steamed after washing.
Bacteria often get into the unsoldered
crevices in pans and pails, and ordinary
cleaning does not kill and remove them,*
and they are ready to grow at the first
favorable opportunity. Whenever you get
new tinware of any kind that is to receive
milk see that all seams are run full of
solder, and are smooth. They are much
easier to clean, will last much longer, and
are sweeter and cleaner in every way.
Much tinware nowadays is thrown to¬
gether apparently, and when buying bet¬
ter have a tinner look it over and com¬
plete the soldering, h. g. Manchester.

ALL SORTS

Cure For Sucking Heifer. — R. D. G.,
Massachusetts, asks about sucking heifer. If
he will take wire % or 3-16 x 14 inches,
sharpen both ends, put il through the nose,
twist it two turns, not loo tight, around t lie
nose, and bend the ends like a two-tiued fork,
he will have no more trouble. n. ,r. p.

Swart wood, N. Y.

A Cow Weaner. — I find the best cow wean-
er to be this : Put a halter on the cow’s
head, then put a surcingle around the body
just back of the forelegs. Take a stick about
three feet in length and fasten a snap to each
end of it. When you let the cow out of the
barn, fasten one snap to a ring in the halter
and the other to a ring in the surcingle, mak¬
ing the stick pass between the cow's forelegs.

Newman, N. Y. G. a. a.

Milk Out of Order. — On page 380, under
“Farm and Dairy Notes,” I observe W. M. H.,
Milton, N. .T., is having trouble churning his
milk into butter. To quote his language,
"milk will not churn into butter; it simply
comes to a thick froth like whipped cream."
We had exactly this difficulty last Winter
with our family cow ; stabled and well fed,
and apples no part of her diet. I concluded,
however, that the trouble arose from some
irregularity of the stomach and intestines,
and fed her for a few weeks on finely pow¬
dered charcoal mixed with an equal part (by
bulk) of salt, feeding her a small handful of
the mixture stirred in her bran feed, with
the result that the trouble soon disappeared.
Willow charcoal is the best, but I used such
as most convenient. I should be glad to have
\V. M. H. try It. and repovt his result.

Yancey Mills, Va. J. W, A.

Mrs. Hardpan: “Yes, Johnny, yeou
kin hev an apple if they be any startin’
tew spile.” Johnny: “An’ ef they ain’t
startin’ ter spile?” Mrs. Hardpan: “Then
yeou’ll hev ter wait till they dew. Them
apples cost too much ter eat ’em fresh.”
— Chicago News.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

GEDNEY FARM

L. K. ORTIZ, General manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 66000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLIIKN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

jy Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Acknowledged to be the greatest and
best herd in the world.

280 HEAD ALL REGISTERED 280

For Sale, Cows, Heifers, Calves, Service Bulls, grand¬
sons of Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline, the present
Champion Cow of the World, and Mercedes Julip's
Pietertjd, the 1900 World’s Champion Cow. Circulars
sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N, Y,

U n I 9TFIN Rill I Q from 8 to 18 months old. A
nULCIUIl DULL0 few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y

For Sale

Pure bred Holstein-Friesian Bull and Heifer Calves
from registered and record stock. Prices moderate.
Write promptly. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

LAKELAND HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

BULLS ready for service, A. R. O. dams, breed¬
ing of the best.

YEARLING HEIFERS, in calf by Mutual
Pletertje Paul.

A. R. O. COWS, of good breeding and in calf.
Write for particulars. WING R. SMITH, 37 and 38
Wieting Block, Syracuse, New York.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS
For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old; large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 bead.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. B. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Iscliua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you w ant write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves,
A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MARCOC.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

n I will sell you a registered JERSEY' BULL,
, dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
F STTANNDN. 90f> Libftrfcv St.. Pittshurcr. Pa.

Registered Guernseys.

Grandson of Rutllas'Gold Basis dropped August,
September, October, 1904. Also two young cows.

J, H. HUNTER, Valley Fall*, N*w York,

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM

J. CROUCH & SON, Props., LAFAYETTE, IND.

LARGEST IMPORTERS OF

OLDENBURG GERMAN COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN
STALLIONS. Always on hand from 150 to 200 head.

Importations arriving every month. Wo now have 100 head that just arrived.
At all the leading fairs and live stock shows in 1904 we won more prizes than
all others combined. We have the prize winners of the World, but our prices
are no higher than others. If your community is in need of a good stallion,
write us.

J. Crouch & Son, LaFayette, Ind., Nashville, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., San Jose, Cal. , and London, Canada

A PLEASED BUYER IS THE BEST ADVERTISEMENT

The good will, confidence and esteem of one’s friends are among the choicest things in life. I think no
one appreciates them more highly than I do, and for that reason it is more than gratifying to see at our sales
the same faces and names among the buyers that have been patrons at our sales for the past 25 years. This
alone speaks for itself. I shall he satisfied if, in the future, I retain the esteem of those who have had con¬
fidence in me in the past, as well as the class of cattle that we handle.— T. 8. C.

Those who have seen our present importation are free to admit that they are the best of any that wo
have ever imported.

At the coming sale the “cream will he thick,” and the chances for buying as good as at any of our former
sales. Many of the cows and heifers will be in calf to the famous GOLDEN FERN’S LAD and his blood
predominates.

it has always been our custom to sell no animal unless wo stated all faults, and to care for the comfort
of the cattle, in such a manner so that when they left our stables buyers could expect reasonable
improvement.

Our most sanguine expectations have been more than realized, through letters we are receiving from
buyers. Among tne number to ho sold are so many "Toppers” that we do not want to be partial, and will
cheerfully mail the catalogue free of charge to anyone, that alone tells the tale, and from which, those that
are interested, can make their own preference. iST’Catalogues ready May 1, 1905.

Address

Mention Rural New-Yorker.

T. S. COOPER & SONS,

“Linden Grove,” Coopersburg, Pf

If you are going | JITJ^TTVT" BULL, and will write us

to buy a m m ^ JL £_l JLJL wl just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers- Hastings Company,

BROOK8IDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co„ N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Cattle

Fourth Public Sale

SYRACUSE , New York , June 8 and 9, 1905

This offering of 175 HEAD OF PURE BRED HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN CATTLE cannot but please all kinds of buyers.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, New Jersey F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, Newr York. H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, New York.

STEVENS BROTHERS HASTINGS CO., Lacona, New York. H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, New York.

We wish all that are interested to have a Catalog. The largest and best we have ever issued.

ADDRESS

S. D. W. Cleveland, Sales Manager, Syracuse, N.Y.

WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6340 and BLUE BLOOD, No. (BIO.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie7th, 503.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie. 476.3 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
amt second prizes and one championship out.
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address.

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva. N. Y.

Please mention Rukau New-Yorkkk in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

JACKS, SADDLE HORSES

AND

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.
75 MARCH PIGS,

(§15 apiece, or ($35 a pair.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A flnelotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
Write or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City, Kentucky.

& P. Chinas, Berkshircs and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows

Springbank i

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.FarrowedSows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson. Prop.. Marbledale, Ct.

I GUARANTEE TO SHIP YOU

A Jersey Red Sow

O R PIG

to arrive safely. Get the Pig Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

STRICTLY O. I C.

Standard Bred Spring Pigs, for
sale now, sired by Busy Tom. the
great O. I. C. of to day. M. L.
Bowersox, R. 3, Bradford, Dk, Co, O.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia.N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

0 SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Best strains bred from
■ Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

0 1 A Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,

■ li Ua all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs 01

v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cineinnatus. N. Y.

|— n C Al IT MALE AND FE-
r UK oALC MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mo*. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montreal, Pa,

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

J

435

PURE BLOOD vs. GRADES.

In a report of the New York State
Fair “H.” compares the show herds of
cattle with the “circuit trotter,” and ven¬
tures the remark that these excellent
specimens would make a poor showing
for themselves if put out on the* farm,
and subjected to the usual or ordinary
feeds. This is but a half truth. Take the
dairy breeds as shown. I challenge “H.”
that lie cannot produce frofii an equal
number of grade cows of the average
farmer cows that will make an equal
amount of milk and butter, on the basis
of cost, production and profit. I concede
that there are many good grade cows.
Bue we don’t want the average cow, but
the best cow that will produce a profitable
amount of butter, and her calf, if well
cared for, at six to 10 months of age, will
sell for the value of its dam's yearly but¬
ter product. That cow is the purebred ;
no grade cows will ever do that. In my
own county in Massachusetts there are
many herds of purebred cows, where the
annual sale of butter and calves for breed¬
ers is $100 or more per cow. These are
cattle bred on the farms, and they go out
annually to the fairs, often making a
“circuit,” winning blue ribbons galore,
and some of these herds have graced
New York State Fair with credit. They
are Short-horns. I bought two heifer
calves from a good breeder, paying $35
cash at 10 days of age. These were raised
with only the same care that the grade
heifers had. Their first calves were
males, and both were raised on skim-milk,
grass and a small amount of grain, with
the grade calves. At four and seven
months old, respectively, both were sold
for $75 cash, for breeders, and buyers
were satisfied. Here we have over 100
per cent, advance over cost of dams,
which is the value of blood. These cows
gave me two heifer calves the next year
that arc worth $50, to increase the herd.
Certainly two grade heifers would not
equal this record, under usual conditions.

1 agree with “II.” that our premium lists
should have a class for purebred sire and
four of his get; that would be showing
results, and the value of a sire, and an
educator. This brings me back again to
the value of pure blood, which is the
basis of all improvement in live-stock.
This is an age of progress — “Verily
things do move.” Let your standard be
pure blood, and get into it all the quality
you can. _ c. M. A.

REMEDIES FOR AILING COWS .

I very frequently get a request for a
remedy for garget. The following has
given such excellent results, not only with
me but with many of my neighbors, that
I give it here, that the greater number
may have the benefit One ounce fluid
extract of belladonna, one ounce fluid ex¬
tract of gentian, one ounce saltpetre, one
ounce muriate of ammonia in five pints of
water. Dose: A wineglassful every three
hours. This should be preceded by a
pound of Epsom salts, given at least an
hour before. Of course the cow must be
kept warm, and hot water with plenty of
rubbing applied to the udder.

As a tonic, for a cow out of condition,
the above mixture is excellent. In such
cases give a dose three times a day. I
always keep the above on hand, getting
five or six times the formula put up, and
divide and dilute with the five pints of
water as I may need it. Trouble often
comes unexpectedly, and if a trip to
town has to be made much valuable time
is lost. I have for several years had my
druggist put up for me 10 to 12 pounds of
Epsom salts, in pound packages, so as to
have a dose always on hand. This garget
remedy I got in this wise : At the Pan-
American test one of the Polled Jerseys
was taken with garget, I think the worst
case I ever saw. Her udder was as hard
as a stone, swollen to almost twice the
natural size. She was hardly able to
move, and one chill succeeded another.
As soon as my attention was called to
the case, I telephoned for Dr. Martin,
one of the two “vets” in charge of the

cattle. After he had treated her, I re¬
marked that I feared she would be of
little value in the test, even if she lived.
The doctor, however, did not take so
gloomy a view of the matter. The next
morning she was decidedly better, and in
48 hours the udder was normal, the cow
eating well, and in less than a week she
was giving her usual mess of milk. I
asked the doctor if he would object to
giving me his remedy, when he at once
wrote it out as above, and l have never
had or known a case where it was given
in time that it did not effect a complete
cure.

Scab on End of Teat. — I suppose
dairymen have had cows lose teats from
this cause, more particularly where they
have been heavily fed on concentrated
foods. I know that formerly I had
serious loss from this source. A number
of years ago at an institute my good
friend, Dr. Smead, gave a remedy. Since
then I have never had a cow lose a teat,
although I have had numerous cases. The
remedy is this : One part of pure car¬
bolic acid to 10 parts of best raw lin¬
seed oil. The druggist may say he can¬
not combine them, but if the oil is warmed
it can be done. They will remain mixed
indefinitely. I have found that if I ap¬
plied this at the first appearance of the
scab, at the end of the teat, and kept it
up after each milking, I could effect a
cure. If it goes beyond the first stages
it will be necessary to inject it into the
teat with a small syringe. Let it remain
a moment, then milk it out and apply
to both teat and quarter of the udder ex¬
ternally. This scab is contagious. A
cow so affected should never be allowed
to lie in a place where another cow will
follow her, neither should one milk her
and then milk another. In such cases I
always leave such a cow to the last to be
milked. This solution is excellent to
keep in the stable for ordinary cuts, or
for sore teats. It is healing and a disin¬
fectant. edw’d van alstyne.

Pasture for Hogs.

What is the best crop to sow in a hogyard
with the intention of letting young shotes
harvest it? r. r.

Seneca. N. Y.

We have found nothing more satisfactory
than Dwarf Essex rape. This may be de¬
scribed as a “turnip run all to top.” It
makes a large growth above ground, and
when eaten down once grows up again. It is
broadcast the same as turnip seed. Next to
tins we like Early Amber cane broadcast.

MONEY!

Cows will give 15 to 20 per
cent more milk if protected
from the torture of flies with

CHILD'S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY.

Kills flies and all insects; protects horses as well
as cows. Perfectly harmless to man and beast
Rapidly applied with Child’s Electric Sprayer.
SO to 50 cows sprayed in a few minutes. A true
antiseptic; keeps stables, chicken houses, pig
pens in a perfectly sanitary condition.

Auk dealer for Child's SO-BOS-SO or send $1 (spesUI
prl««) for 1-gal can and Sprayer complete by express.

CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Manufacturers,
24 LaFayette Street, Utica, N.Y.

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction
The cut shows the " Weedsport
improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

SILOS

cheapest in the end. We wi _ _ _ _ _ _

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
We want agents. Special terms

BEST OF SEPARATORS
ACTUALLY FREE
OF COST.

This is really the fact in the purchase or a
DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR. Any reput¬
able person may buy a DE LAVAL machine on
such liberal terms that the machine actually

pays for itself.

And it not only does this the first year, in which
it saves its cost, but goes on doing it lor fully
twenty years to come. In the face of these facts
buying trashy “cash-in-advance” separators, or any
other than the best, is penny wise, dollar foolish.
Such machines quickly lose their cost instead of
Saving’ it, and then go on losing instead of
saving.

There is no possible reason why any buyer of a j]
Cream Separator should be content with less than the
DE LAVAL, and there never was a more promising
time to make this most profitable of all farm invest¬
ments

Send at once for new catalogue and full
particulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

5l«E!la

Separators

Every Tubular
Starts
a Fortune

If you had a gold mine would you
throw half the gold away? Properly
managed dairies are surer than
gold mines, yet many farmers throw
half the gold away every day. The
butter fat is the gold — worth twenty
to thirty cents a pound. Gravity
process skimmers — pans and cans —
lose half the cream. Your dairy
can’t pay that way.

Like a Crowbar

Tubular Separators
are regular crow¬
bars — get right
under the trouble-
pry the mortgage off
the farm. How?

Gets all the cream
—raises the quan¬
tity and quality
of butter — starts a
fortune for the
owner. It's a
modern separator.

The picture shows.

Write for catalogue F-I53.

THE SHARPLES CO. P. M. SHARPLES

CHICAGO, ILL. WEST CHESTER, PA

SILOS

The “Philadelphia” and Patent Roof
All sizes Wood Tanks and Steel Structures.

^E. F. Schlichter, 1910 Market St., Phila., Pa.i

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress In 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N. Y.

BLATCHFORD’S X

SUGAR and FLAXSEEDN

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR AN D
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

I DIRTY MOLA.StS, MILL VCCO OR RCFU.C
. ..J beat rood for Stock •( quarter the coet ol Stock root.

. Recommended by Afrlcultural Experiment StaUoni and
a^thoutand, of rarmem. Write ter rankle, and r'tei
THE (URWELL Ml LIS. Illv

KUHfc FLi

^ NO O
^^The beat
^^Recomi
^Lthom

» ^ »- m • •

ruse A
k roots.
nssnd

wjr

Perfection

Milk Cooler and Aerator

The surest guarantee of good t
butter and cheese and Tong I
keeping milk. Aerates while

it cools. Expels all animal - „ _ ^

odors and feed, stable and other foreign smells.
Convenient. All sizes. Descriptive circulars free!
L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

Aerated
cTVIilk Pays

Milk is money to the farmer. It
pays best when cooled and
aerated to remove animal heat
and stable odors.

Champion Milk
Cooler -Aerator

i Saves ice, work and time. Used and
endorsed by thousands. Write for
free booklet, “Milk and Its Care."

^Champion Milk CoolerCo.

9 Squires Street,
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DR. DAVID
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436

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 27, 1 *105.

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THE BABCOCK MILK TESTER.

Value of the Machine for the Dairy Farmer.

My experience with and observation of the Babcock
tester has mostly been in dairies where milk is taken
to the creamery or milk station. I recall two instances,
however, where butter makers have used it in their
dairies. In one of these the dairyman used the test
and found that he was getting considerably less butter
than he should, judging from the test he made. After
some experimenting he discovered that
his churn was too small, as a larger
churn gave him the correct yield, accord¬
ing to the reading he had made of his
testing bottles. The other instance was
one where five neighbor; purchased a
10-bottle machine together. This was
passed around from one to another as
was found convenient. Not only was
the milk and the skim-milk and butter¬
milk tested, but each individual cow
came under scrutiny. Some great sur¬
prises resulted. In one of these dairies
the cow that had been regarded as the
best proved to be the one that yielded
the smallest amount of butter on the
farm. Some of those that had previ¬
ously been “endured” came up toward
the head of the class. So far as I am
able to judge, and I have visited a good
many dairy farms, not more than one
per cent of dairymen use the Babcock
test. Many feel that they do not know
how to test milk, and that there is some¬
thing about it that they cannot learn.

I know a rural school where the test
has been taught, at least to some ex¬
tent. It took very little time from other
studies. The pupils were shown how
to measure and then left to make their
own measurements with the pipette, sev¬
eral of them taking it home and prac¬
ticing with water till thry could meas¬
ure very well. Then came the readings.

The test bottles were nearly filled with
water, bringing up the column into the
neck of the bottle a little. On this
column was placed a small quantity of
oil from the machine oil can, some kero¬
sene having been added. This repre¬
sented the quantity of fat, and careful
readings were made and compared. The
work was found to be of great interest
to the pupils, especially as much dis¬
cussion had been made in the neighbor¬
hood respecting the test.

If one is making butter, it seems to
me that the test might be of enough
benefit to make it profitable, as indi¬
cated in a previous paragraph. If one
furnishes milk to a creamery where the
per cent of butter fat is used as a basis
for payments, it might pay the dairyman
to use the Babcock machine, both as a
protection and a satisfaction. In either
case, it will pay the farmer to know the value of his
individual cows, and this can only be determined by
means of a testing outfit. If one is furnishing milk on
the “pooling system,” and every man is trying to get
as near the limit allowed by law as possible, I am
not sure but the man is happier if he remains ignorant
of the true value of his cows. More dairymen are
using the test than ever before.

The size of the outfit would have to be determined
according to conditions. One can get along with a
two-bottle machine, and if he simply wants to know
how his herd, as a whole, stands two bottles might

do very well; but if he wishes to test each of the 10
to 30 cows in the herd, lie will probably add another
dollar and get a four-bottle machine. Even an eight
or 10-bottlc machine is not too large in that case,
though four bottles will answer. I know an owner of
a 'herd who discarded an eight-bottle machine for a
larger one, because he wanted to make frequent tests
of his 30 or more individual cows. It is in testing
the individual cows that the value is greatest. It’s
an eye-opener, and many a “boarder” has had

to “get” after the Babcock came, because she
never paid up, and many a “suspicioned” cow got her
true estimate only after the machine spoke her merits.
The weighing scales and the Bahcock tester are becom¬
ing essentials for the dairy farmer. To use the tester
requires care. Measurements must be accurately made,
the acid must be right, and the whirling sufficiently
rapid and continued long enough. The temperature at
reading should be the full 140 degrees F., and the full
column should be read from outside to outside, as de¬
scribed by Prof. Wing. Doubtless the best way is for
a neighborhood to purchase a machine together, and

cither pass it around or let some one operate it for all,
each sharing in the expense. In case of a family of
boys, a testing outfit would make a glorious Fourth-of-
July present, would make interesting and useful amuse¬
ment, and be a source of much information and training.

Regarding the method of using the test, there are
differences of opinion. 1 remember quoting Prof. Hills
one time at a farmers’ meeting, the professor having
said that two tests1 a year for each cow will answer very
well. One of these should be made at a time six or eight
weeks after the cow comes fresh, and
the other at five to seven months along
in the lactation period. A man present
immediately pronounced this a lazy
man’s method. Prof. Pearson suggested
to us a short time since that one test
at about four months after the cow
freshens will give an approximately cor¬
rect value of that cow’s quantity of but¬
ter fat, but he added that he would take
samples for at least three days, and
make a test from the composite sample.

I will admit the closer accuracy when
frequent tests are made, but for a man
who is busy with his farm work I be¬
lieve either Prof. Hills’s method or that
of Prof. Pearson will answer his pur¬
pose quite well. Perhaps a combination
of the two methods, that is, make the
two tests but take a composite sample
for three days at each time, will answer
as well as any way. It is quite a chore
to make a test with a hand machine,
though not by any means difficult after
a little practice.

Since writing the above I have figured
on an official test made on a Guernsey
cow owned by Dr. Evans of this place.
It is as follows: January, 4.20 per
cent; February, 4.22; March, 4.91;
April, 4.87; May, 4.50; June, 4.01; July,
4.23 ; August, 5.63 ; September, 5 ; Octo¬
ber, 5.15; November, 5.15; December,
5.15; average, 4.78. It is evident that a
test taken in six weeks and again in six
months would give an average under
the yearly average in this case. It could
not be made to average over 4.36 per
cent, or 0.42 per cent less than the year¬
ly average. This was a two-year-old,
and gave 9,030 pounds of milk in 365
days. Had it been a 4,000-pound cow
there would have been less than 17
pounds of butter fat estimated under
that' from a full year test. The 9,000-
pound cow would vary about 38 pounds
of fat. H. H. LYON.

R. N.-Y. — As some readers may not
be familiar with this machine it may be
said that the Babcock tester is a device
consisting of glass bottles, varying in
number from two to 12, according to
capacity of work desired, set in a centri¬
fugal machine. The bottles have long
necks with graduated scale marked
thereon. Given quantities of the milk to be tested and
sulphuric acid of 1.82 specific gravity are put into the
bottles, and they are then swiftly whirled. The acid
dissolves all solids other than the fat, setting the fat
free so that it can be measured at once. The rotary mo¬
tion is to hasten the action of the acid. This test was
invented in 1890 by Dr. S. M. Babcock, of Wisconsin.
For effectiveness and simplicity it is the best known and
has practically taken the place of all others. Tt may be
safely worked by anyone who can make exact measure¬
ments and will handle the acid carefully. It costs from
$8 to $14 at dairy supply houses.

SPRAY OF MARECHAL NIEE ROSE, MUCH REDUCED. Fig. 181.

See Ruralisms, Page 442.

June 3,

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

438

THE VALUE OF YOUNG ORCHARD TREES.

In the Spring of 1808 I set out an orchard, apple trees
with peach between the trees in the rows. They were
good trees. They have been well cultivated, fertilized and
pruned, and they have made a fine growth. Last Spring
the orchard was seeded down to clover. In late November
a passing train set lire to leaves, etc., at the foot of the
bill. The fire ran up the hill and through a part of the
orchard. Several of the trees are dead, and I think more
will die. What are the trees worth? What damage should
the railroad pay? If possible I would 'ike the opinion of
several practical fruit growers to present to the company
if necessary. Reach trees are Elberta, Salway and Smock;
apple trees York Imperial, Stayman and Rome Beauty.

Ross Co., Ohio. m. l. r.

Very much depends on the condition of the young:
orchard that has been burned. If the orchard has been
well cared for, as one 'would infer from the letter, and
of good and productive varieties, I should value the
apple trees at $12 per tree, and peach $7. I would place
no value on trees half burned. f. p. vergon.

Ohio.

One dollar for each year of a tree’s life, counting
from the time the tree is planted, is a very low esti¬
mate indeed, provided the tree is healthy and vigorous.
This applies to apple trees. I know of apple trees,
planted 15 years, that have already returned to the
owner $2 for each year of the tree’s life, counting from
the time of planting, or $30 per tree. An estimate of $15
per tree on such an investment as this is certainly a
very low one. I have also known the crop of apples from
a seven-year-old tree to sell for $4, although this is
exceptional. Two crops in succession from such trees
would actually return to the owner $1 per tree for each
year of the tree’s life. However, the basis of valuation
of trees should he their present and prospective value,
and not their record for the past. f. h. ballou.

Ohio Exp. Station.

Good apple trees seven years planted and well cared
for are worth $7 each, and peach trees of same age one-
half as much as the apple; the railroad company ought
to pay for all they have caused to be lost at this rate.
In some instances the value would be higher, in some
possibly a little lower, but 1 make my estimate on a con¬
servative basis, and from experience in the fruit busi¬
ness. Outlook for apple crop here is good; the fruit
has set well and the weather so far is favorable. I
would be slow to take the price or value I have placed
upon trees of seven years planted and cared for as you
describe those have been. We have sold the apples
from a Hen Davis orchard planted seven years for $40
per acre, and from one 19 years planted at $200 per
acre wholesale. n. f. Murray.

Missouri.

The owner is likely out about 25 cents a year for
care of those trees, and if well fertilized and cultivated
it may exceed that amount. With interest added and
hope of a dividend, if the trees are of profitable varie¬
ties, he should have from $2 to $3 each for his trees at
the lowest estimate. I would not want to take that for
mine, and I would rather keep good trees than sell
them at $5 each at that age. All trees in an orchard
are not good trees, and some of them die ever\r year, and
if the railroad pays a fair price, including those about
ready to die, that ought partly to satisfy the owner for
the loss of his expectations. As {.o peach trees set
between the apples, I would not consider them worth
much at that age as a general thing. The inquirer has
probably got the value out of them and the apple trees
need the room. u. T. cox.

Lawrence Co., O.

Some years ago the writer was called on by the Van-
dalia railroad to appraise some damage to an orchard
that they had burned over. This orchard had been
planted from three to nine years, was only in fair condi¬
tion, not having had the best of care. It consisted of
about 50 acres planted to apple trees, but there were
many vacancies in it, and in the writer’s opinion the
pruning had not been properly done, and the orchard
lacked quite a lot of being in the best of shape, but
allowing all of this, taking into consideration the cost
of the trees, planting, classification, etc., I could not
figure out where there had been a loss to exceed $1,500
to $1,800. While of course no one would be willing to
go in. and sell out his orchard tree by tree at that price,
yet the actual reduction to the selling value of the farm
did not exceed $1,500. I went among many of the
large orchards of the country and took the selling price
of orchards at different ages, and found that on this
basis the loss figured almost identically the same as
I had figured it on the other line, that is, the price at
which orchards of different ages could be nought, all in
good condition, and well cared for. The orchard re¬
ferred to in your letter has been planted seven years.
If in good condition and has received proper care, 1
should say it had increased the value of the land from $50
to $75 per acre, owing to the location, etc., though it may
possibly have increased it $100 per acre. If the larger
part of the trees were ruined of course the. orchard is
practically a loss, as a few trees scattered here and
there over a tract of land are worthless. The varieties
in the orchard would also affect its commercial value

materially, but to give anything like a reasonably accu¬
rate estimate as to value of trees or damage done one
would be obliged to know more definitely the circum¬
stances or conditions. emery albertson.

Indiana.

The cost of the production of the tree does not give
its value, nor does its value depend upon any other one,

or even a dozen considerations. Nor can a value be
placed upon the tree at any particular period of its life,
because of the element of time either of its past or of
its future. Perhaps the greatest single determining
factor of a tree’s future value is its treatment in the
nursery. It must be started right. The bud must be
placed upon a congenial stock, well grown in a congenial
soil, free from disease and insect enemies, with its
branches well spaced at from two to three years old.
These conditions, in a measure, will insure it against

A MORGAN MARE AND HER FOAL. Fl«. 183.

destruction at or before its period of greatest useful¬
ness, and fixes its value at a figure many times greater
than the value of the average tree the average nursery¬
man sends out. Given such a tree there still remains
many conditions which determine its value. The species,
the variety of the species, the individual of the variety,
the climate, the location of the orchard, the market, the
reputation of its fruit on the market, the- purpose of its
production and many other things are to be considered,
and who can say what the first tree of a new variety

“CAN SHE MAKE A CHERRY PIE?” Fxo. 184.

is worth? I venture to say that the first tree of the
Baldwin or Grimes, or even the poor old Ben Davis, was
each worth more than one million of dollars to our
race. But now let us come down to the value of an
average fruit tree under average conditions. Let us
take for this, purpose the apple, which, perhaps, is as
near an average fruit as any. A well-grown two-year-
old is worth at least 25 cents; the preparation of the
soil, the pruning, setting and cultivation for the first
year 75 cents; the interest on the investment in soil,
implements and taxes, etc., about five cents, bringing
the cost for the first year to $1.05 ; say it is one dollar.

The cost or expense per year for the next six years will
not vary much, and will be about as follows: Cultiva¬
tion of soil, three cents per tree ; pruning, spraying,
protection, fertilizer, etc., five cents ; interest and taxes,
three cents, or about 11 cents per tree per year, 60 cents
for the six years. This will bring up the cost for the
seven years to $1.66, to which we may add or allow a
margin for incidental and even unforeseen expenses,
bringing the cost up to at least $2 per tree, up to near
its bearing age. This is the cost of the tree. Its value
is a different matter, and in the opinion of the writer
is not far from $5. These figures arc based upon a
general average. j. w. trinkle.

Jefferson Co., I mb _

CORN IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN.

O. L. Goulter, of Grand Traverse Co., Mich., sends us
the following note :

For the enlightenment of that class of people who
have the idea that northern Michigan can .produce
nothing but “Injuns,” snowdrifts and pine stumps, I
submit the photograph shown at Fig. 185. This is Late
Mammoth sweet corn grown by me for fodder at Cen¬
tral Lake, Mich, (north of 45 degrees), in the year
1899. Both myself and neighbor shown in picture are
close to six-footers. The corn* was grown on rather
light sandy loam that had been well manured with ordi¬
nary barnyard manure for several years; was planted
about May 20, drilled in with an ordinary farm drill,
closing three hoes and leaving one to run. It had
about the regular cultivation for such a crop. I made
no definite data at the time and made no especial effort
at either keeping close tab or in trying to grow a bum¬
per crop, only pursuing my general policy in farm
operations, small fields and big yields. At my regular
employment I daily, from June to October, inspect
growing crops, covering a territory from the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan to Oklahoma, and my observa¬
tion compels the belief that 80 per cent of the farms I
tramp over during the Summer months would be be' ter
off (or rather their owners would) if it were possible
to confiscate about half their land and devote the same
labor and attention to the remaining half. I neglected
to state the land had a clover and Timothy sod pre¬
ceding plowing for the corn crop.

SAMPLES OF HORTICULTURAL ADVICE.

It would appear from the following that horticulture
Can hardly be called an exact science. On January 18,
1905, I wrote the following letter to a number of promi¬
nent horticulturists and nurserymen:

I have in my orchards 900 Bon Davis trees planted in the
Spring of 1Q00. I am beginning to fear this variety is
over-planted and am seriously considering having these trees
top-grafted to Arkansas Black, McIntosh Red and Rome
Beauty. Kindly give me your opinion of the plan, and of
these varieties, and suggest any others you would recommend.

1. “I think myself Ben Davis is over-planted. I
would top-graft with Rome Beauty and Arkansas
Black.”

2. “Ben Davis is not long enough life tree to top-
work; don’t think you need be uneasy about production,
and bring a good price. If you had hardy variety like
Northern Spy it might pay.”

3. “If they were mine I don’t believe I would do it;

. . . always be a market for Ben Davis ; no better

keeper. If I did top-work would use Jonathan and
Grimes, not Rome Beauty — it is not a, good bearer and
drops badly.”

4. “I understand Arkansas Black is not a prolific
bearer, and the Rome Beauty is certainly not as relia¬
ble cropper as Ben Davis. You would not miss it to
top-work to Grimes Golden.”

5. “I should hesitate some time before I made the
change, especially if I had other land \ could set. . . .
I think Rome Beauty is all right. McIntosh Red liable
to scab ; nice otherwise.”

6. “I, too, think Ben Davis is over-planted, ... I

would not use any of the varieties you name. . . .

Arkansas Black good apple but not prove satisfactory.

. . . Rome Beauty is all right if you have deep,
moist soil, if not it is of no value. ... I am
planting, etc.” This man sent a bill (afterward with¬
drawn) for $5 for this expert advice.

7. “Do not like your selection at all. . . . Arkan¬
sas Black shy bearer. . . . susceptible to scab. Mc¬

Intosh good apple, not good shipper, not good keeper.
Rome Beauty is probably the best of the three — but
there are better sorts.”

8. “Would advise you to leave the Ben Davis, as

they are . . . not of the best quality but most sal¬

able.”

9. “Am surprised that you have 900 Ben Davis that
you want to top-graft; hardly see that you can im¬
prove on good old Ben. Arkansas Black is almost no
account, McIntosh 1 do not know. Rome Beauty will
do right well.”

In view of this variety of opinion, 1 concluded to
follow the advice of Number 8, as it is the easiest and
cheapest plan. w.

Missouri.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

439

A WOMAN'S FARM NOTES.

The Use of Dynamite

Our potato patch this year we selected as being good
land for the purpose and free from rocks. To be sure,
there were a few in sight, and these we decided to have
dug around and pulled out. If the piece yields potatoes
as well as it yielded rocks in proportion to our expecta¬
tions, we shall be well pleased. In a piece 20 by 200
feet there were 25 stones, 23 of which a two-horse team
can handle. The other two had to be blasted. To blast
them it cost just 19 cents for the dynamite, fuse and
caps. The rocks were drilled from four to six inches
deep, and the holes were about an inch in diameter.
It needs good judgment to place the holes to the best
advantage. One must remember that the force of the
explosive is expended more sidewise than downward, so
the hole should come as near the center of the rock as
possible. It is better to have some one of experience
to handle dynamite, but if the novice must do it, let
him be sure to remember certain things in order to avoid
accidents. The dynamite is exploded by concussion, so
care must be used in handling it. In pressing it into
the hole use a wooden stick, not metal, and work it in
gently. Freezing spoils it, and it works better in warm
weather, so when possible select a warm day in which
to use it. The caps, or detonators, are fully as dan¬
gerous to handle as the dynamite. We read in the
paper to-night of a boy who had several in his pocket
and happened to slap his hand against it, when they
exploded, injuring him severely. If they must be kept
on hand, let them be packed in sawdust or tissue paper
and kept well out of reach of children.

Be sure to have good fuse. We had some once that
was “kinked” and twisted, and it made a great deal of
trouble. To have a blast fail
to go off gives one a sicken¬
ing feeling. It is far from
pleasant to go back to it and
have to dig out the charge
and begin over again. The
fuse must be kept dry, and if
the hole in the rock has been
drilled some time it should be
wiped out with rags so as to
have it perfectly free from
all moisture. A foot and
a half of fuse is a good length
to use. The end of it is put
into the cap, reaching to the
bottom of it, then the upper
edge of the cap is dented
carefully with a knife, laying
the cap on the stone or a
piece of wood and pressing
the edges of the cap to¬
gether, so it will not dn p
off the fuse. This is put in
the hole, the cap resting on
the bottom. Then the paper
is peeled off the dynamite and
it is cut in small pieces, and
these are pressed in around
the fuse, which should be
against one side of the hole
and not come out of the middle of the dynamite. Some¬
times a little dynamite is put in the bottom of the hole
before the cap and fuse are put in. One can try both
ways and decide for himself which is the better.

for a six-inch hole we used about a fourth of a half-
pound of GO-per-cent dynamite. After it is pressed
down firmly, tamp the hole with bits of sod or dry
grass, lay a stone- over the hole, and light the fuse, then
run to the nearest shelter. If it is important to keep the
pieces from flying, cover with brush or logs. Snarled-
up wire is good, but should be weighted down. The
heavier the charge the more the pieces are apt to fly.
The rocks we blasted in the potato patch broke cleanly
in three pieces with hardly any small fragments, while
a charge in a rock in another field broke the top into
hundreds of pieces and did not split the main part at all.
This difference, however, was not caused by a differ¬
ence in the charge, but in the placing of the holes, and
in the hard, close grain of the rock in one case, and the
coarse, crumbly texture of the other. It is a good plan
to dig the earth away about the rock that is to be
blasted. Not only will this simplify the labor of getting
the pieces out afterward, but the blast will be more
effective if the resistance of the surrounding earth is
removed. With some people, the use of d. namite inva¬
riably brings on severe headache. Some think this is
caused by handling the stuff, and some think it is the
smell of the smoke. In any case, it is a good plan not
to touch the dynamite except with gloves on the hands,
and not to go to examine the result >f the blast till the
smoke has cleared away. Those who are accustomed
to using dynamite, handle it without fear and with what
seems like recklessness, but it is well that the novice
should have a wholesome fear of its terrible power,
that he may handle it with the greatest care.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

WATER TANK FOR A SILO.

I have a small place keeping three or four cows, and
do not wish to go to the expense of a silo and of buying
a gas engine and silage cutter. 1 keep two men, an.d
they have the time, so labor is no consideration. I can
buy here in Baltimore at a very moderate price a water
tank 6 x 12 feet. Could I buy this tank and use a hand
power cutter that costs about $20 and cut up my regular
field corn and put it green in the tank? Would it keep,
and would a hand cutter cut the corn line enough? How
many tons would the tank hold? u. g. h.

Baltimore, Md.

The Silage Will Keep.

By hard packing this tank would hold about V/2 tons.
There is no doubt that the corn would keep as well as
in a larger silo. The hand cutter would cut it fine, and
if the labor is of no account go ahead. Use the finest
cut; pack tight. I want to congratulate this man; with
surplus labor he should make things hum. h. e. cook.

It Will Be a Plaything.

If cost of labor is no consideration a silo 12 feet high
and six feet in diameter will be practical. If the silage
is cut by a man power cutter charge the labor required
against the silage, and it will be a high-priced feed.
This tank will hold a little over 600 bushels, enough to
feed four cows 2'/ months. Silage will keep cut at
almost any length, but the finer it is cut the more the
silo will hold. You can keep silage in a gallon jar if
you put pressure enough on it to keep out the air. No
silo less than 20 feet deep will keep without great loss
unless pressure of some kind is put on the top. A
6 x 12 silo should have a board cover made to slip
inside the tank, and at least two tons of earth or stone
placed on it, or should be weighted with a log as the
old-time cider presses were made (see Fig. 182). The

principle of keeping silage and canning corn is the
same. The green corn cut into the silo heats up and
drives out the air. The weight of silage in a silo 20 or
more feet high pressing down fills up all space taken
by the air, and makes the mass airtight. It is much
cheaper to build a silo high enough to supply its own
pressure, and employ a 12-horse-power engine to ele¬
vate the silage, than to use any other weight. There¬
fore your correspondent’s silo 6 x 12 filled by man
power will be a plaything and not a paying investment.

Maryland. john h. janney.

A Hillside Pit Better.

If the tank is six feet high and 12 feet across it cer¬
tainly will be unsuitable. Presuming that it is 12 feet
high and six feet across it would contain 339 cubic feet.
Ordinarily a cubic foot of silage weighs 40 pounds. In
so small a silo it might not weigh over 35 pounds.
Such a tank would hold about six tons of silage. This
would keep three cows 100 days, they eating 40 pounds
daily, which is as much as is generally fed. The silo
could be refilled as it settled, so that when finished it
would be full to the top. Then it might hold a ton
more. This tank can be sunk in the ground, and keep
the contents as well as a larger silo. If left above
ground, unless it is absolutely airtight and well sealed
on top, there would be a large proportion of loss. I n
any case, it would lie unhandy to get the last half of
the silage out. Tf the questioner will dig a four-sided
pit on a hillside large enough to hold what silage he
will need, as computed above, he can then gain access
to it from the end, and take out all the contents with
ease. Line this pit up with rough lumber. The earth
will do the rest. Unless he can buy the tank very cheap
this will be much better, and he can afford to renew
the boards every four or five years if need be. It will

be necessary to brace it across when empty in the
Summer, so that it will not cave in. This pit must
be in porous soil, where the water does not stand.
When full, grass or weeds can be put on the top, and
the earth from the pit piled on top, which will both
press it down and seal it. I know whereof I speak, for
I have kept wet brewers’ grains in such pits many
times. My first experimental silo was just such a one,
and I have never had silage keep better than in that.
A hogshead sunk in the ground is the smallest in
actual use I know of. If time and expense of
hand filling is no object (and I am not sure that hand
labor for the writer, all things considered, would be an
extra expense) it will be perfectly practical to cut by
hand as suggested. By having the silo in the earth
the cutter can be on the top, and the corn will drop in
without effort. It should then be thoroughly tramped.
Let the corn come almost to the glazing state before
cutting. There is n^ particular necessity of cutting the
corn so fine, except to have it pack tighter. An inch is
a good length, and a good $20 machine will cut that.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

The proposition as to silaging by hand-power cutter
in tank six feet in diameter and 12 feet in depth is
feasible, though it would not prove profitable. The tank
would hold approximately four tons, and if well packed
the silage should keep. A silo 10 x 25 is as small as
would be likely to be profitable, and it must be filled
by engine or horse power. e. h. Bancroft.

NEW PROCESS ” LIME FOR BORDEAUX.

I was much interested in Prof. Slingerlar.d’s article,
page 391, upon the new process limes for making Bor¬
deaux Mixtures. A reading of his article might lead one

to think that Prof. Slinger-
land would recommend the
new process limes for general
use above the best brands of
stone lime. I believe that it
is a mistake to recommend
these limes for Bordeaux
spraying; it is harder to tell if
the lime is fresh when in the
ground or “water-slaked dry”
state except by test that most
fruit growers will not take
the trouble to make, whereas
the stone lime is always fresh
enough for practical purposes
if a lalge proportion is in the
lump and not air-slaked, and
will keep indefinitely if slaked
and kept under water. The
hydrated or “water-slaked
dry” referred to cannot be
more than about two-thirds
as effective (pound for
pound) as good stone lime
for the work of neutralizing
the copper sulphate when
making Bordeaux Mixture.

I have seen these new
process limes as sold com¬
mercially used for lime-sul¬
phur washes and Bordeaux Mixtures, and have seen only
a small proportion of what I would call good mixtures
made where said limes were used. Good brands of stone
limes gave uniformly good results. There is, however, a
great difference in lime stones. The Ohio white limes
and Massachusetts white limes are among the best for
spraying purposes ; local limes of Erie and Niagara

Counties are poor, having a large proportion of grit

or foreign matter.

Prof. Slingerland also says that a good Bordeaux
Mixture cannot be made unless the lime, and copper
sulphate are both very much diluted before they are
combined. It is not always convenient to dilute both;
a mixture nearly if not quite as good can be made if
the lime is very much diluted and a concentrated solu¬
tion of copper sulphate added, mixture being stirred
when addition is made. Reverse the operation and add
concentrated lime to dilute copper sulphate and a very
poor mixture results. I also notice that the most
practical and most observant fruit growers are gener¬
ally using an ekeess of lime. Too much reliance on
the ferro-cyanide test has often resulted in the russet-
ing fruit, and an excess of lime rather than a mini¬
mum quantity is wanted. b. D. van buren.

WASHING AWAY OF FERTILIZER.

I broadcast high-grade fertilizer on freshly plowed,
nearly level loamy land. A heavy rainstorm came be¬
fore I could harrow. What is the probable loss of fer¬
tilizing material through exposure to air and moisture?

Arlington Heights, Mass. l. f. s.

There will be little, if any, loss if the soil was har¬
rowed and planted as soon as possible after the rain.
On hilly land some of the plant food might have been
washed away, but on such soil as you mention the loss
is very slight.

A NORTHERN MICHIGAN CORNFIELD. Fig. 185.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 3,

44o

FARMERS’ CLUE

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of (be writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.!

Rent for Farm Machinery.

F. L. If., Springfield, Vt. — Can you give me
any advice regarding renting farm tools such
as cultivators, disk harrows, smoothing har¬
rows, etc. I sometimes have occasion to rent
these, and do not know what is a fair price
to charge for their use.

Ans. — We have never charged rent for
the use of farm tools. Have any readers
had experience? As farm tools cost
money, and their value is destroyed by
use, there seems no good reason why a
man should not pay a fair price for the
use of a cultivator, just as he should for
the use of a $10 bill.

Apples in Wei Soil.

What is the matter with my apple trees?
They are three years old, that is have been
set out three years and were three-year roots
and two-year tops when set. They are set
in sandy soil, fairly rich ; look fine and
healthy, but make a very slow growth ; the
best of the lot not being over six feet high.
They are surrounded by willows, not very
close to them but close enough to break the
wind well. The river water is not over three
feet below their roots, is it possible that the
water is too near? G. w. m.

' Montana.

My belief is that these apple trees are
' in soil that is too wet, for the proper
location for an apple orchard is one that
is well under-drained. With permanent
water only three feet below the surface
such cannot be the case. 1 he fact that
willows are growing not far distant is not
a sure sign of wet ground, for sometimes
we see them doing well in rather dry
ground. In Montana and other northern
prairie States willow windbreaks are quite
common, and in many cases of great ben¬
efit to orchards, except to the trees very
close to them. H. e. v. d.

Value of Burned Phosphate.

G. J. I., Spencerport, N. Y. — In a burned
warehouse In our town there is a quantity
of phosphate. How much has that decreased
In value from being exposed to fire and
water?

Ans. — It would be impossible to give
a definite answer to the question as to the
effect of fire and water upon the value
of a phosphate, without knowing exactly
how much water came in contact with the
phosphate, and the height of the temper¬
ature. If the phosphate was in bags in
a heap, the chances are that the injury
has not been very great, as the effect of
the fire would be merely to burn the out¬
side, while the water would not be apt to
penetrate the entire mass, and carry from
it the soluble constituents. Without at¬
tempting definitely to advise, I should say
that if the heap has not been wet all
through, so as to become pasty, that por¬
tion which remains dry should be quite
as good as it was before the fire. That
is, if the portions on the outside, and af¬
fected by fire and water were removed,
the remainder i oi 1 I be practically unin¬
jured. This suggestion is based entirely
upon such supposition.

E. B. VOORHEES.

Angleworms in Cabbage.

F. K. Z., Gardeau, Pa. — I am troubled with
angle or fishworms In cabbage late in Fall,
especially with the short-stemmed varieties.
Would an application of salt to the land
do any good? If so, how much would be safe
to apply?

Ans. — Never before have I heard of
angleworms working in cabbages. It is
possible if the cabbages rested on the
ground that earthworms might eat them
somewhat, as they do feed to some ex¬
tent on grass and other leaves, which they
pull into their holes. I would sooner
think the culprits were thousand-legged
worms or millipedes, which often bore
into several kinds of vegetables which
rest on the ground. Earthworms usu¬
ally do more good by working over the
soil than they do harm to any crops
growing thereon. Probably enough salt
could be applied to the land to destroy

earthworms and many kinds of insect
larvae which live in the ground, but it
would require several tons of salt to
accomplish this, and this amount would
destroy all vegetation, and possibly ren¬
der the soil unfit for crops for several
seasons. I would like to see some of the
“worms” which are accused of injuring
the correspondent’s cabbages.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Use of Water Glass Mixture.

Can the water glass mixture be used a sec¬
ond time? I put up 10 dozen eggs last year
in water glass, and used them all the past
Winter; found them perfect for every use in
every way; also tested them by boiling. To
boil them, take a pin aud prick the large end
to let the air out. I also fried them, and the
yolks remained whole, which I consider a
good test. f. i). c.

The water glass solution can be used the
second time, but we do not advise it. If it
is to be used boil it thoroughly before putting
in new eggs. We would rather take a fresh
solution.

Soy Beans for Western New York.

Which would be the better in our part of
the country, cow peas or Soy beans for hay
for Winter feed for sheep? We wish to plant
about six acres of sandy loam, well manured,
which raised a fair piece of corn last year.
What varieties of either? g. s.

Ballston Spa, N. Y.

For your location we consider Soy beans
better than cow peas. They grow better in
your latitude, and their upright growth makes
them easier to cut and handle. The Medium
Green is a good variety. In our experience
Soy beans have not done well when first
grown — without inoculation.

Cultivating Potatoes. — I saw in a recent
issue reference to cultivating potatoes after
planting, and before they are up out of the
ground. I have been cultivating potatoes for
30 years, and try to raise big crops, and my
rule Is to harrow them three times before they
are up, and many times afterwards, and cul¬
tivate level. w. n. w.

Lanark, Pa.

“The Best of Prophets

of the future is the past.” The
first Page Fences built have been
in use 20 years and are still good
fences. We make better fences
now than ever before: U*e
stronger wire, heavier cross¬
bars, thicker anil vanlzlng. Write.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 756, Adrian, Mich.

PENN R. R. CO.

and thousands of progressive farmers buy and erect
the Frost Fence, because it has the weight, strength
and wearing qualities to last a lifetime. Penn orders
over fiO miles last 60 days.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland. Ohio.

FINE

SEED.

All Recleaned and Tested. Special Prices to Far¬
mers and Market Gardeners.

Timothy. Red Clover, Alfalfa, White and Alsike
Clover, Redtop, Kentucky Blue-Grass. German Mil¬
let, Spring Rye, Barley Seed, Cow Peas, Soja Beans.
Oats: Learning, Pride of the North, Mastodon, Cu¬
ban Giant and all kinds of Flint and Sweet Corn: all
varieties of Garden Peas; Mangel Beet; Essex Rape,
Onion Seed. IHf Implements for Farm, Garden and
Lawn. Catalogue free. CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224
James Street, Syracuse, New York.

SWEET CORN

bag, $2: 5 bags, $12.50.

Seedsmen, Buffalo. New York.

Choice Stowell’s Evergreen
Seed, high vitality, 2 bushel

O. W. CLARK & SON,

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and moat com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Ntirserle*,
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, N.V.

Established IS 10.

.K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send forour liberal termsof distri-

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

fZf*

CORN FIELDS
ARE GOLD FIELDS

to the farmer who under¬
stands how to feed his
crops. Fertilizers for Corn
must contain at least 7

per cent, actual

Potash

Send for our books — they
tell why Potash is as necessary
to plant life as sun and rain;
sent free, if you ask. Write
to-dav.

OERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street. New York.

Cow Peas! Cow Peas!! Sorghum

Seed, German Millet, ready now. Mail orders
promptly filled. ElbertG. Packard, Dover, Delaware.

O A I 200 hu. Whip-poor-will:

■ I V La b 100 hu. Clay Cow Peas;

100 bu. Sojn Beans: 20 hu. Stowell’s Evergreen
Sweet Corn: 3 bu. King of the Garden Lima Beans;
4 bu. Henderson’s Dwarf Lima: Quality Very Fine.
Prices right. Address, W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

SWEET POTATO, Yellow Jersey, 100, 25c.; 1,000,
$1.50.

CABBAGE, All Head Early, Early Summer, Suc¬
cession, Wakefield, Bridgeport, Drumhead Hol¬
land and Danish Bailhead, 1,000, $1; 10,000, $8.50;

100, 20c.

CELERY, White Plume, Golden Self-Blanching,
Giant Pascal. Winter Queen and other varieties,
100, 20c; 1,000, $1; 10,000, $8.50; Transplanted,
1.000, $2.50.

ONIONS, Prizetaker, 1,000. $1 ; 10,000, $8.50.
TOMATOES, In five varieties, $1, $2, $5, $10 per
1,000 according to size.

Price List mailed free, covering all kinds of Vege¬
table and Flower Plants. Cash with order.

LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onnrga, ill.

MORGAN ROADSTERS

15.1 hands, 950 pounds: sorrels, narrow strip in face,
long tails; closely matched] sound and smooth: am¬
bitious. fearless and good for long driving. Also, a
pair of chestnut heavy COACH HORSES, 16 hands,
1250 pounds, good action form, honest, sound aud
smooth. GEORGE H. PIERCE, Mention, Vt.

VICTOR

GOW CLIP

By Mail, 30c; Four $1.00.

VICTOR NOVELTY WORKS,

874 Warren Avo., Chicago.

Holds cow’s tail to her leg and out of milk and
milker’s face. Carried in the pocket.

“A valuable article to have In tlie cow stable when
milking Is going on. Have used them for several years
In my dairy ami want one dozen more. It Is a good
thing.” J. SPENCER llOSFORD, Kinderhook, N. Y.

“I think averytlilng of the cow clip. Nothing like It.
There Is no kicking. It Is a dandy.” H. P. NEWTON,
Secy. Pioneer Eire Insurance Ass’n, Keokuk County, la.

“I am well pleased with the clips, they give good satis¬
faction.” 8. K. P. JACKSON, Treas. Williamson Co., Tex.

Thousands Tell The Same Story,

Monarch

Hydraulic

PRESS

power. Steel beams,
sills, etc. Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Spe-.lal Features This Year.

Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.

A. B. Farquhsr Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

. Room 161. 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City, y

ESTABLISHED 1864

IVe offer 40 bus. Stowell’s Evergreen Sugar
Corn at $1.50 per bus. 500 lbs. of Boston
Marrow Squash at 25 cents per lb. 40 bus.
Burpee Bush Limas at $5 per bush.

WILLIAM R. BISHOP, Seedsman,
BURLINGTON, - - NEW JERSEY.

Al CAI PA CRH from a vigorous growing field of
ALlHLlM OUIL Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per
hundred pounds; 10 per cent discount on 500 pounds
or over. R. D. BUTTON, Canastota, New York.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Climax at $2.00 a 1,000, and all other leading varieties,
Apply to D. EODWAY, Hartly, Delaware.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome design s ; stron g
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &

MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

CELERY and CABBAGE PUNTS

FOR SALE — Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, f. o. 1). here. Write for prices.
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15.
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

AFI C D V i’b'ints ready June 15. Only $1 per
U E L Li II I 1,000. Best varieties. Also cabbage
plants same price. Slaymaker & Son, Dover, Del,

SWEET POTATO PLANTS _ Jersey Yellow,
Jqrsey Red, Big Stem, Red Bermuda, Pierson’s
and other varieties. C. M. Harrison, Vineland, N. J.

FDR SALE

—CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, 13.0(1 to $x.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E HOLLAND.

Milford. Delaware.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

CRIMSON CLOVER SEED

New Crop ready June 20. My own growing. Book
orders now. Elbert G. Packard. Dover, Delaware.

CRIMSON CLOVER

price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
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grazing and hay crop. Special
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HENRY A. DKEER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

TREES

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FRUIT TREES

Plants, vines, and ornamentals are grown in
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A BOY

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ROSS MANURE SPREADER

Sizes 50-70-100 Bushel

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Kxcessive strength, light draft, automatic
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Fifty-five years’ experience. Free Catalogs.

THE E. W. ROSS C0„ Box 13, Springfield, Ohio

EERIN

IDEAL.

Do you want a harvesting machine for
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The special features of the Deering
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Strength, Capacity, Light Draft

Built of the best materials, with “bicycle bearings” throughout — a
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the Deering machines. The Deering agent will be glad to show you
Call on him and see his line of Binders, Reapers, Mowers and Rakes.
International Harvester Co., of America, (Inc.) Chicago, V.S. A.

w

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

GREENHOUSE WORK IN JUNE.

Rose Planting. — The month of June
brings an important period in the green¬
house, from the fact that it is at that time
that those who force roses for the Winter
production of flowers begin the operation
by planting out the young stock on the
benches. The first part of this operation
consists of clearing out all the old soil
from the benches in question and giving
the house a thorough cleansing by the re¬
moval of any dead leaves or other rubbish
that may have been allowed to accumu¬
late in any part of the same. If the house
or houses are detached, or properly sepa¬
rated from any other greenhouse in which
plants are growing, it is also a good plan
to give a thorough fumigation with sul¬
phur at this time in order to destroy all
insects. Any rotten boards in the benches
should also be removed and repaired, and
the entire benching and side walls be
given a good coat of hot whitewash, this
being the cheapest and most satisfactory
purifier for this purpose. The soil having
been prepared beforehand in the propor¬
tion of four parts of rotted sod or good
top soil to one part of good, short stable
manure, and turned over twice in order to
be thoroughly mixed, may now be brought
into the house, and the benches filled to
a depth of five or six inches. The soil
need not be packed down in the benches
at this time, but simply leveled with a
rake, and the young plants from three or
four-inch pots should be planted out at
once, being spaced about 15 inches apart.
Give each plant a good watering, but do
not saturate the whole of the bed, simply
giving a syringing to the remainder of the
soil in order to keep it damp. Do not
shade the young roses, but give an abund¬
ance of fresh air, and syringe them lightly
twice a day in hot weather. In about a
month the plants will have taken hold of
the soil, and the latter may then be
pressed down firmly with a brick or block
of wood, afterward stirring the surface
with a short-toothed rake or weeder.
Keep the soil free from weeds, and in a
few weeks more the first mulching of
short manure may be put on, but do not
put on too much at once, a, coating half
an inch thick being enough now. The
plants will be strengthened for the work
of the Winter by pinching out all flower
buds as they show until September, and
the growth will become more sturdy by
free ventilation both day and night at this
season, while vigorous syringing will be
required to discourage the attacks of red
spiders and other insects.

Carnations that are still kept in for
Summer flowers, a practice that is not un¬
common among growers who do a retail
trade, will need an abundance of water
now, and all the ventilation that can be
given them, and the flowers will be larger
and better colored by having a partial
shade on the glass over them, some grow¬
ers sprinkling thin whitewash on the glass
with a syringe, or else putting a broad
streak of whitewash down the glass with a
brush. The light-colored carnations are
the ones that sufTer most from the strong
sunshine of the Summer, some of the deli¬
cate pink shades becoming very washy
from this cause.

Smilax. — The latter part of this month
is also a proper time to plant a smilax
bed, and just here it may be said that the
most profitable way to grow this useful
plant for cutting is to replant the bed each
year with young stock, from which may
be cut two or three crops of smilax in a
season, though good results are also had
by careful growers who cultivate the same
bed for two years before replanting. A
smilax bed should be made upon, the
ground, that is, with the natural earth for
a bottom, and using a six-inch board for
sides, this bed being filled with similar
soil to that suggested for roses, the young
plants being planted in rows 12 to 15
inches apart and about eight inches be¬
tween plants in the row. Galvanized wire
should be stretched across the bed at the
surface of the soil and also overhead, both
wires to run parallel to the rows of plants,
this forming a framework to which the
vertical strings are attached for the sup¬
port of the growing vines. There is a
thin green twine offered for the purpose
of training smilax, this being the best for
such use from the fact that the twine does
not show, and thus need not be removed
when the cut vine is used in a decoration.
The kind of smilax plants that one should
use for planting out are healthy and vig¬
orous seedling stock from three-inch pots,
such as should be had from seed sown
last January or February, it being useless
to waste valuable time and space by plant¬
ing old plants or divisions of the roots.
After planting the smilax should be given
a light shading, and kept moist by fre¬
quent syringings, and as it is somewhat
subject to the attacks of thrips during the
Summer, it is a good plan to fumigate
each week or ten days with one of the
nicotine preparations. Ordinary tobacco
stems may also be used for this purpose,
but need more care in the application, for
when used in too great quantity the to¬

bacco smoke is liable to cripple the tender
young shoots of the smilax.

Asparagus. — Two or three ornamental
species of asparagus are also much used
for cutting, the species in question being
A. plumosus nanus, A. Sprengeri and A.
tenuissimus, the two first being the great¬
est favorites at the present time. These
also are planted out in beds at this season,
but in the case of A. plumosus a high
greenhouse is required to accommodate its
full growth, strings 12 to 15 feet long be¬
ing grown by those expert in its culture.
But there is also a large demand for short
sprays of both this species and Asparagus
Sprengeri, such immense quantities of
this material being used in arranging fu¬
neral flowers and other decorations. For
this purpose the asparagus may be grown
on the side benches of a greenhouse in
which the center is occupied by a smilax
bed, the treatment required being very
similar in each case, though the asparagus
will probably utilize a greater quantity of
manure than the smilax. Both plants are
gross feeders, and both require a night
temperature of about 60 degrees during
the Winter, and abundant moisture at all
times. w. h. taplin.

NOTES ON DUST SPRAYING.

Report From Delaware.— The Delaware
Experiment Station, in Bulletin 09, gives an
account of various experiments with the dust
spray, and the conclusion is that the Codling
moth and Apple scab were controlled by dust
spraying, using Paris-green for poison. These
experiments were conducted on Nero and Red
Astrachan apple trees. The great advantage
of the dust method is that it avoids a mixing
house and storage tanks and the heavy work
of handling liquid sprays. Prof. Close thinks
that if t lie dusting method continues to give
the favorable results given in this first trial,
it will replace, in part, the liquid method, ex¬
cept where insects such as the San Jos6 scale
are present, which must be fought during the
growing period. lie suggests the following
formula. One pound of pulverized copper
sulphate, one pound Paris-green or green arse-
noid, one pound of ground sulphur and 50
nounds of llmoid, or other hydrated lime,
lie would mix the copper sulphate and lime
together a day or two before spraying, as this
hastens chemical acfion between the two. As
is pretty well known by this time, this mix¬
ture is blown out of a powerful bellows upon
the foliage of the trees. The dust settles
upon the tree, and especially when the foliage
is damp, sticks there, and is expected to do
the work of the liquids.

Likes Dust Spray. — I like the dust spray
because it is so handy ; no mixing no water
to bother with, and no barrel standing around
in the way. You just put the powder in the
hopper and are ready to spray. As I work
in the shop, I have no time to spray during
the day except in the morning before the dew
is off. I use this spray on strawberries, po¬
tatoes. gooseberries, currants, all grapevines,
everything except trees. On the trees I use
a bucket pump, with liquid spray : I find it
very convenient to spray a few rose bushes,
or to go over currant bushes for Currant
worms. I use i’aris-greeu and Bordeaux
mixed for Currant worms. c.

Connecticut.

For the land’s sake, use Bovvker's Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adz\

COWS GIVE MORE MILK.

HORSES HO MORE WORK.
CATTLE FATTEN ON % FEED IN & TIME.

Protect your stock from the torture of flies. Thou¬
sands of testimonials. This marvelous instantaneous
fly remover will not taint milk or injure cattle if they
lick it. Satisfaction guaranteed. Cost, lc. a week
per cow. Write for particulars, Get the genuine.
Don’t be fooled with imitation.

W. EDGW, 62 Joralemon Street, Brooklyn. N, Y.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PIITTCDP
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage UUI I LUO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONEA6R’LWORKS,Pottstown,Pa

s

AVE YOUR BACK

Save time, horses, work
and money by using an

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Low wheels, broad tires. No
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Book on ‘‘Wheel Sense’ 'free.*
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AGENTS FINE SAMPLE SENT ANYWHERE,

ON RECEIPT OF

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THREE RIVERS. MICH.

44 1

When you write advertisers mention The
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IT DOES THE TRICK ! S

F. D.
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This axle runs easier than any other, and requires

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It’

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STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

A low wagon
at a low price.
Llaydy for
tiie farmer.
Will carry a
load any-
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Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
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width of tire. Hubs lo lit any axle.

For eatalogue and prices, write to

Empire Mfg. Co.. Box 70 H Quincy, III.

OUR FREE CATALOGUE

Tells all about our no-mouey-
l ith-order-plaii, freight offer, two
year guaranty and 30 days

tree trial oiler. We sell

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‘26 years experience hack of
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Write, today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

ENS1

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f Mounted or unmounted. With either I
blowers or carriers for elevating. Our \
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Frames, Small Threshers , Carta, etc. Catalogs free.

BELLE CITY MFC. CO.,

Box 23-E Raclno Jet. Wla.

CUTTERS and BLOWERS

Built on the right principle, oomblning safety flywheel, belt pulley and
feeding device. Will elevate easily Into any ello. Also silos, engine#,
bore# powers, threshers and hay presses. Write for our free oatalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box II. Cobleskill. N.V

Net Price Farm Implement Catalogues

Containing over 550 illustrations, sent free on appli¬
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^H. C. Phelps, Pres.j
Station 290

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Received the CiRA.lXIJ PRIZE, highest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair. St. Louis.

Highest Award aad
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St. Loals.

Buy FARQUHAR Threshing Machinery

Don't think of buying an engine or thresher until you send and get a Farquhar catalog, Ulus,
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York, Pa.

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GUT THIS AD OUT * d 10 u* a®** we win mail you free the most complete catalogue of vehicles ever
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MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL*

Concord Wugon No. 82 E

Huckboard No. 46 E

Spring Wagon No. 441 E

Kuna bo ut No. 54 E

Good Vehicles at Factory Cost

Extension Top Surrey No. 7 7 E

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Canopy Top Surrey No. A 17 E

Those readers of this paper who have bought bug¬
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prices ranging from to bO per cent less than
prices asked elsewhere. If you do not know this,
it will cost you nothing to investigate.

We aro situated in the vehicle center of tho
world: Kalamazoo, Mich, manufactures more and
better buggies than any other city. Here, too, are
great factories making part m for all kinds of vehicles.
We select all parts and assemble vehicles carefully,
knowing every detail of their construction — and then
we sell them, direct from factory to you, at exact man¬
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Write today for our new Spring Vehicle and Har¬
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44.2

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 3,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

A Hot Dose. — A horticultural exchange
has a report from a disgusted gardener
to the effect that he made two applica¬
tions each of 250 pounds of nitrate of
soda the same season to a plot of lettuce
42 hy 200 feet with the result that the
lettuce was scarcely helped by the first
treatment and entirely destroyed by the
second. Of course he could not see where
the benefits of “intensive culture,” by
means of chemical fertilizers, came in.
Such a dose would burn the roots off
any self-respecting garden plant, and
would lie fairly efficient as a weed exter¬
minator. Plants must have nitrogen, and
lettuce, owing to its expansive leaf de¬
velopment, is a hungry feeder on nitro¬
genous materials, but to saturate a plot,
measuring less than one-fifth acre, with
500 pounds of nitrate of soda carrying at
least 80 pounds of nitrogen was alto¬
gether too much of a good thing, and
would certainly prove destructive to plant
life until well leached out of the soil. The
usual safe application of nitrate of soda
does not exceed 200 pounds to the acre —
about 38 pounds for the area mentioned
above at one aoolication. If the soil is
well stocked with humus and the nitrate
is accompanied by a due proportion of
potash and phosphoric acid, applications
of 250 to 300 pounds an acre are not out
of the way where intensive results are
wanted. Nitrate of soda is very caustic
in its action on plant roots unless in
weak solution, and glasshouse cultivators,
who need to get the greatest possible re¬
sults from their limited and expensive
space, have learned caution from disas¬
trous experience. Their soils are al¬
ready stocked with plant food almost to
'lie limit of plant capacity for absorption
and assimilation, and the addition of fur¬
ther supplies in concentrated form must
be made with great caution, and a thor-
r ugh knowledge of the chemicals used
as well as the needs of the plants. The
same rules annly to the use of chemicals
outside in garden operations. Had the
lettuce grower put on a total of about 80
pounds in two equal applications several
weeks apart, strewing it on the soil a foot
from the rows of plants, and raking or
hoeing it immediately in, or watered be¬
tween the rows with a solution of one
pound to 50 gallons of water often enough
to use up 00 pounds nitrate in the grow¬
ing season, he doubtless would have a
more favorable opinion of this convenient
chemical.

Not Good for Roses. — Nitrate of soda
may be regarded as quite indispensable in
modern garden operations except in those
rare instances where ample supplies of
good animal manures can be had. It is
the principal source of quickly available
nitrogen in most reliable complete com¬
mercial fertilizers, and can be used to
good advantage in its pure state as above
indicated for most rapidly growing plants,
but needs much caution when applied to
hard-wooded plants. Roses in particu¬
lar, though reveling in large supplies of
organic nitrogen, are often unfavorably
affected hy the nitrates of soda or pot¬
ash, or sulphate of ammonia. When suffi¬
cient stable manure is not to be had these
soluble inorganic forms of nitrogen may
be sparingly used, but should be much di¬
luted with water before application; four
ounces to 50 gallons of water is safe and
reasonably effective, though slow in ac¬
tion. Rose growers, however, use every
effort to feed their roses with organic ma¬
nure, securing their nitrogen from vari¬
ous animal sources, their phosphoric acid
from stable manure and ground bone,
while lime and potash are used in the
form of wood ashes. We are reminded of
the intolerance shown for nitrate of soda
■ by rose roots by the behavior of a good-
sized Philadelphia Rambler recently placed
in a pot that contained a few pounds of
this chemical many months ago. The ni¬
trate became damp, and was to some ex¬
tent absorbed by the porous material of
the pot, which was later soaked in water
and exposed to the weather for nearly a
year. It would seem that about all of the
nitrate would long ago have been washed
out. yet this rose plant, potted up in
similar soil and at the same time with
others quickly showed signs of root dis¬
tress in yellow drooping foliage, spindling
growth and dying branches. Examina¬

tion revealed threadlike and blackened
root fibers, but recovery began soon after
it was transferred to fresh soil in a new
pot. A tomato or geranium would have
probably found this slight excess of ni¬
trate to its liking, but the rose could not
endure it.

The Marechal Niel Rose. — In Fig.
181, first page, we have a spray of Mare¬
chal Niel less than 18 inches long, carry¬
ing four fine buds of this most perfect and
lovely of yellow roses. Marechal Niel
does not generally produce its blooms so
near together, though strong shoots from
cut-back canes often bear clusters of three
to five large flowers. They are seldom as
perfect when thus crowded as when car¬
ried on solitary stems. This remarkable
rose was introduced to cultivation by a
French grower in 1SG4, and has never
been excelled by any rose of its color—
a deep bright golden yellow. Occasionally
a bloom of Perle des Jardins, a dwarf¬
growing, tea-scented variety brought out
ten years later, will favorably compare
with Marechal Niel, but in general the
form is less perfect, and the color lighter.
Recent introductions in double yellow
roses, such as Franz Deegan and Souvenir
de Pierre Notting, have excellent quali¬
ties, hut are not likely to supersede Mare¬
chal Niel. Pierre Notting is a seedling
of Niel and the Tea rose Maman Cochet,
and retains some of the pink shadings of
the latter parent, though it is a very
handsome deep yellow flower in general
effect. Yellow roses are not popular now
in the cut flower markets, and the finest
blooms meet with slow sale. Fewer
plants of Marechal Niel are met with each
season, as growers find them unprofitable
and are throwing them out; nevertheless
no really first-class rose is so nearly
within the resources of the ordinary farm
home. It is not hardy outside north of
Richmond, Va., but can readily be win¬
tered over in any glass-roofed structure
with little fire heat, if well protected from
the Winter sun, which is likely to start
growth too soon. To secure good bloom
this rose should be planted in a rich, deep
border under glass and encouraged to
make free growth during Summer. When
dormant it is pruned back like a grape¬
vine, allowing one or two buds to each
spur. A flowering shoot should start from
each bud in early Spring, and it is not
uncommon for well-established plants to
bear 300 or more magnificent blooms at
the same time. Like Crimson Rambler
and most other tall-growing climbers, it
seldom produces Summer or Autumn
bloom, and it is this single cropping ten¬
dency that has caused it largely to go out
of cultivation in this country, though it
is still commonly grown abroad, especially
by amateurs, who often attain grand suc¬
cess. Plants are cheap, and can be had
on their own roots from most dealers
from 15 to 30 cents each, but better
growth and finer blooms may be expected
if budded on the Banksla or Cherokee
rose, as a more vigorous root system is
thus created. Rosa Ranksia is almost
exclusively used abroad, but is scarce in
this country. The Cherokee rose, R.
lnevigata, is now common in the South,
having been introdued from China. Plants
may be procured from southern nursery¬
men, though seldom catalogued. Mare¬
chal Niel, and other climbing Noisette
roses unite readily with Cherokee and
form a congenial union. The Rural
Grounds Marechal Niel, from which the
illustrated spray was cut, was budded on
an established Cherokee five years ago,
and grows so vigorously that it is trouble¬
some to keep within bounds. We repeat¬
edly failed to grow it on its own roots be¬
fore, under the same conditions. To
those desiring the finest attainable roses,
and willing to devote glasshouse space
equal to two or three hotbed sashes to
accommodate a good-sized plant, we rec¬
ommend Marechal Niel on one of the
mentioned stocks. Only sufficient heat is
needed in Winter to keep the soil from
hard freezing. Sufficie.pt frost to check-
growth and thin the foliage is a decided
benefit. w. v. F.

Magnesia in “Lime.” — Mr. Slingerland in
his article, “The- New-Process Lime in Bor¬
deaux Mixture,” page 391, says: “Doubtless
the reason why it takes more new-process
lime than stone lime to make a good Bordeaux
Mixture is because the former limes are
about one-third magnesia.” Also he says :
“All of these new-process limes were tested
beside good stone lime, and also with the
best stone finishing lime I could get.” Again
he says : “A is made with the best stone lime
( Canaan finishing lime).” At the present
time there are five or six lime kilns in opera¬
tion here. All of them are burning mag¬
nesium limestone, and no limestone free from
magnesia has ever been burned here.

Canaan, Conn. J. s. a.

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and send 4 Buggy Wheele, Steal Tire on, .

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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

443

Hope Farm Notes

The Start. — If I were to say that it was
a great pleasure to wake up iu the early
morning of May 10 you would all understand
that 1 was guilty of poetic license in a pro¬
hibition state or condition. I wished the sun
had delayed his coming by at least one hour,
but here he was at the window, and like other
evidences of time he waits for no one. The
little girls and Mother were sound asleep, and
I liked to think as I hurried into my clothes
that this meant slumber by proxy for me.
Philip was already up and driving the cows
down for milking. 1 shook up the boys and
called Jack. It was remarkable what a pow¬
erful hold sleep had upon them all. The
day nearly began wrong. There had been a
little shower in the night. The boys had put
the kindling under a hole in the outer shed,
and it was wet. The ashpan under the
grate -was full of ashes which must be dug
out and carried away without covering
Mother’s clean floor. The tank was nearly
empty, and the water wouldn't run well. I
know that men have roared and howled for
less tliau that, and spoiled the labor of an
entire day. I can roar as loud as anyone if
1 try, but before I roar I want to know what
it is about. So as the whole set of annoy¬
ances stood revealed I thought it out about
like this :

“Now, then, old man, are you in any way
responsible for these things? You are sup¬
posed to be the boss here ; are you really a
boss or part bossy? This wood is, wet, but
why have you left that hole open? It is your
job to light the fire. Why didn’t you see
last night that the ashes were emptied?
There was wind part of yesterday ; why didn't
you have the mill pumping through the
night? The man who lets an ashpan upset
his philosophy 'is a subject for the ashpan
himself." I had to admit that it was partly
on me. so 1 didn't use kerosene to start the
fire, but found some dry brush and soon had
the fire blazing. I was able to put those
ashes just where I wanted them, around a
tree near the house. The mill started up;
in fact, with the exception of forgetting to
salt the water in which the oatmeal was
boiled I had things in great shape by the time
Mother came bustling down with her usual
remark, “Why didn’t you call me?”

The boys had the table set, the little girls
helped finish breakfast ; we were all glad that
Mother had her extra nap. Our breakfast
was oatmeal and cream, scrambled eggs, bread
and butter and a banana for each of the chil¬
dren. I wouldn’t like to say how many times
a week we have eggs for breakfast, but there
are so many different ways of cooking them
that it seems much like a new dish each
morning. While we were eating breakfast
Alex came walking into the yard. Alex
works by the day, and his job for the fore¬
noon was to plant Lima beans with Philip.

Tiie Day’s Work. — The little girls cleared
off the table and washed the dishes. Every
time I speak of children’s work some one asks
if I do not think it a mistake to have the
girls do housework. To me such questions
are about as foolish as I can well imagine.
Our children are taught to do their share of
humble labor. It is their contribution to the
home, and the little girls are willing and
glad to help Mother and save her steps. I
would not willingly have in my house over
night anyone who would attempt to say that
girls, and boys too, should not he taught to
do housework. Mother had a day's work of
housecleaning blocked out. and the little boy
took old Major and started for a woman who
had agreed to help. Women, at least those
who are willing to work, are about the most
precious articles in sight just now. But they
were not even in sight that day, for the
woman couldn't come, and old Major came
home with drooping head, sorry for the dis¬
appointment of his best friend. However,
Mother went at it as best she could with such
work as the children could give her. Lyon
got his lunch ready and started for school.

Jack had seven hens and an incubator
about ready to send a flood of chicks out.
and the coops and brooders were not quite
ready. Last year the cats got a good many
of our chicks, but: Jack says they shall not
get any of his. so he is making covered runs
for them. That would keep him busy for
the day.

The Hope Farm man took a hoe and sickle,
and started for the rye fields where the young
trees were planted this Spring. Had there
been moisture enough in the soil for both rye
and trees he would have let the field alone,
but the cold, dry winds were blowing the
moisture out of the soil. In some places it
was baking hard around the little trees. I
went through the field with my sickle, cutting
the rye in a space about as large as a hogs¬
head around each tree, and throwing the
straw around the base. In some places where
the soil was baking around the tree I loos¬
ened it with my hoe before cutting. This
field has about 180 trees, half apple and half
pear. As I went on I was able to observe
how the trees were starting, and if need be,
cut them back. By cutting the rye in this
way we provide mulch for the trees and give
a guide for the mowing machine’s driver so
that he will not cut the trees. All this rye
is to be cut for fodder. By a little after 10
I had finished the field. Philip was still
planting Limas, while Alex was cleaning up
the land that Is to be plowed for peppers. In¬
side the house Mother had cleaned up the
front room and planned dinner. The little girls
had peeled potatoes, helped a little with the
sewing, and now were reading. The boy had
done his chores and was cleaning off the
pony. There is another field of rye at the top
of the hill with young peach trees planted in
it. so this must he my next job. I have often
referred to our hill, but it is doubtful if those
who live in a flat or gently rolling country
ran understand how our farm humps i I self up
in the middle. Tt is a steep, rocky ridge ris¬
ing abruptly nearly 200 feet above the road
in front of the house. We are never able to
haul a load directly up and down, but go
zigzagging along the face of the bill. I
mounted tills bill to cut out the rye. T al¬
ways like io climb this bill, for its eastern
slope records a good share of our farm his¬
tory. I remember when, looking up from the
valley, there was nothing to be seen against
the sky. Then after we planted the apple
trees we saw what seemed like little sticks
or whips in the ground. Now the hill is cov-
eral with trees six and eight feet high, and
reaching out every day for greater size. As
I go on T stop to loo'- at the Japanese millet.
Tt has been seeded six days, but there is no
sign of it yet above ground. There is no sign
of the Japanese fleet, yet no one believes that
Admiral Togo Is asleep or running away. We
shall hear from the millet later. Opposite
the millet is our old Greening apple orchard.

This is where we came the nearest that we
ever did to seeiMug land to grass after the-
famous “Clark" method. It is a poor place
for grass, with little soil above the ledge, yet
there is no such crop in sight anywhere else
on the farm. Above it is the Alfalfa field.

1 must admit that it. doesn't look as thick or
stout as it should, but I am still hopeful that
after the first cutting it will do better. It is
a good thing for a fellow to be hopeful if he
can. I hadn't noticed them before, but a
number of plants of Crimson clover are grow¬
ing in the Alfalfa. I should be sorry to have
Spring go by without a little of this brilliant
clover to brighten up the farm. Above the
Alfalfa is the first little peach orchard so¬
ever planted. We didn’t know much about it
then, and the boys took the trees out of the
box and put them iu without trimming either
top or root at all ! You can imagine what
looking things the trees are. Then we let
the scale get at them, rousing up last Fall
to spray with limoid and kerosene, it looks
now as though we have saved the trees, such
as they are. Right beyond this little orchard
begins the stone wall where we have started
the little grapevines. They seem to be start¬
ing out.

But it will never do for a man to dawdle
along this way with the rye growing around
the baby trees and the wind sucking the
moisture out of the soil. I find this harder
cutting than the other, for the rye is heavier.
Many of the little peach trees are backward.
As I go on I cut them back, in some cases to
within six inches of the ground. These peach
trees are each in the center of four apple
trees that were planted 32 feet each way.
There are about 200 of these, and I get them
nearly all done before it is time to go down
to dinner. I am hungry. Mother is less of a
philosopher than I am when her dinner is
ready, and there are several kinks in my back,
and yet I must stop on the brow of the hill
to take a good long look up and down the val¬
ley. It is a mistake for a farmer to work
with his eyes constantly fixed on the ground.

It would be a hard and strange man who
could stand on our hill to-day and see all these
green things shaking in the wind and watch
the clouds and the shadows without feeling
something stir within him like the yeast of
his best self.

Nooning. — I was just in time for dinner.
We had a lamb stew, bread and butter and
custard pudding. Jack hurried out to work
on his brooders. The Brown Leghorn eggs
are hatching and the chicks must have a
home. I stopped awhile to eat an extra plate
of pudding and talk to Mother and the chil¬
dren. Then we carried the stove out. That
looks more like the beginning of Summer than
this cold wind does. Mother went back to
her cleaning, the children washed the dishes,
and I went out to help the men shake up the
rye fodder. This rye is on the ground we
are to plow for late potatoes. We ought to
have a hay tedder, but we don't own one, so
we shook up the rye with forks to let the
wind blow through it. We can haul it in
to-morrow, and the horses will begin to eat it
at once. This done, Philip began to set out
tomato plants and Alex went at the kitchen
drain. This drain has been a nuisance and
nightmare to me for some years. The house
is built upon solid rock. The man recorded
in Scripture found such a foundation a great
advantage, but he did not find it necessary to
dig drains away from his residence. He
didn’t have Mother to claim full privileges
for her sink. Our drain clogged. I poured
Lewis lye down, but in the end we had to dig
the pipes up, and found them clogged with an
awful mess. Roots from an apricot tree have
worked in, and there was a bad crook in the
line where the boys didn't like to dig out a
stone. Surely our sins will find us out, and
it takes more than lye to clean up. Alex
took the job of putting the drain back while
I went back to the hill. A block of two-year-
old apple -trees need cleaning. They have
been neglected, and the grass is growing close
around the trunks. This will never do. Liv¬
ing grass close up to the trunks of young
trees has done more to discredit the mulch
method than any other thing, while dead
grass has done most to save it. The base
of the tree must be clean. I use a light:
three-cornered hoe for this week. We will
clean tip these trees and then get the rest of
the manure up around them. A little brown
bird (lies up almost at the point of my hoe,
and I stop the blow at the risk of breaking
my shin. As I expected, I found a little
nest with four speckled eggs. I let that tree go.

I will not break up a home if I can help it.
Shep, the big dog, has followed me over the
hill. He lies under a tree with one watch¬
ful eye open. One of the cats has come, too.
We have nine cats. I said recently, and the
children heard me, that I would not have an¬
other cat on the place. It was a very solemn
little girl who came and said in a trembling
tone :

“Oh. Father, Eva, my cat. has one little
kitten— oh, can’t I keep it, Father?”

Then she ran to Mother and there was a
tearful time. So now we have 10 cats. The
rest of Eva’s and all of Frisky’s family dis-
apneared mysteriously, and the two mothers
are both nursing the one baby. They seem
likely to kill the little ball df fat by kind¬
ness. That is a pleasant form of death !

I am often asked why I work these trees
by hand. Why not plow several furrows on
either side of the row? That would be eas¬
ier, or perhaps as well, but part of my scheme
is to demonstrate if I can what and how
much a man can do in an orchard by hand
labor. I have acres of trees that have never
been touched by a plow or horse -tool. The
first peach trees I planted in this way are
small, but loaded to the tops with fruit. We
know how to get more size on them now.
One thing is sure; if these cold winds keep
up we must cut that rye on the hill at once.

1 notice the clover leaves are wilted, while
the Alfalfa is as smooth as a new apron.

The shadows come crawling out of the
woods, the cat went home, ahd Shep came
wagsring his tail. The trees are not all done,
but it is time to quit. As I come over the
brow of the hill Hope Farm lies bright and
fair in the light of the setting sun. The
cows are following Philip down the lane.
There tire only two left out of our herd, hut
they are good ones. I can see Alex at his
work, and Jack caring for his chickens. Little
spots of color on the lawn show the little
girls at play and a flash and glitter shows
Where Lyon turns a corner with the lawn
mower. I can even see the darker color
where Philip has watered the onions, now
nearly ready for transplanting.

While we were waiting for supper I hoed a
few rows of strawberries. The boy drove
Frank to the station and brought back the
mail, a lot of feed and a vinegar barrel — -
for spraying must begin by Monday if this
wind will ever go down. Tt was a hungry
and tired company that obeyed Mother’s call
to supper. We had a Dutch dish of chopped
ham fat and hard-boiled eggs, bearing a name
which I will not try to spell, stewed potatoes,
bread and butter, rhubarb sauce and unlim¬

ited milk for the children. For my part 1
must confess that I did my duty at the table
so well that I found it advisable to go out
and hoe another row of strawberries.

Night came on rapidly. It was so chilly
that i started a little open fire. The chll
dren played games after clearing up the
dishes. Those who think these little folks
were driven to their work should have heard
them singing together in the kitchen ! Jack
went out to tesi his incubator eggs. This is
the first time he ever ran an incubator, and
the thermometer seems to have registered all
the way from 108 to 50 degrees. Still, at
the last, testing there were 150 live germs out
of 200 total ! Out of 28 Brown Leghorn eggs
under two hens, 26 chicks came out ! So we
all ended the day cheerful and happy. All
had been busy and all were tired. There had
been no quarrel or bitter words all day long.
Everyone had done some useful labor that
will make the farm better and more produc¬
tive. Everything on the place, from Peggy,
the Boston terrier, to old Major had a good
supper and a cosy bed. The Hope Farm man
took up his book as the little girls came
around with the good-night kiss. It’s a beau¬
tiful to have happy and hopeful little people
growing up to take your place. I am not
quite ready to step aside yet, though. True,
I am past the age when Dr. Osier says a
man has done his best. Still, after cutting
rye around 350 trees and hoeing nearly 200
more I may safely say that if the doctor
expects to chloroform me he must first run
me down and overpower me. A man with a
farm to improve and beautify may keep young
a long time.

So the day ends peacefully and gently with
sleep. The last thing I remember before I
dropped off was the story I heard in Charles¬
ton, S. C., about the bells of St. Michael’s
Church. This chime of bells was brought
from England more than 150 years ago. One
was cracked and recast so that it gave the
same tone. For years the music of these
bells cheered the people. Then came the war.
Cannon were needed. The bells were taken
down and sent to Columbia to be made into
cannon. When Columbia was destroyed the
bells were melted in the flames. After the
war (he metal was found a rough mass, sent
to England and there recast into another
chime of bells, which now hang in the church
tower. In the drowsy whirl that precedes
sleep I thought of this story, and how it
seems that a human life may be not unlike
that bell metal. A day, a month, a lifetime
plays its changes on heart and hand. Soon
joy, sorrow, anger, all the varied emotions,
sweep through the human frame— (as the
metal was charged from cannon to bells. Yet
thank God that at the end, after all the
fierce and sinful struggles, man comes back at
last as helpless and yet as strong in faith
as a little child. h. w. c.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

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FOUNDER

THE

HENRY B.HVDE

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At the flood-tide of your
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’ Name. . . .
Address*

444

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 3,

The Rural New-Yorker

TIIE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homea,

Established 1850.

P

Herbert W. Cobbingwood, Editor.

Dr. Wabter Van Pbeet, I

Mrs. K. T. Kovbe, ^ Associates.

John J. Dibbon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or H'/a marks, or 10Mi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street,- New York.

SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

A pamphlet issued by the Department of Agricul¬
ture mentions the great demand for buttermilk in
southern cities. The South is not a dairy section, and
in some places where very little butter is made the
buttermilk trade is very heavy. It seems that this
“buttermilk” is nothing but sour skim-milk, which is
shaken up or churned for a few minutes. When cus¬
tomers demand evidence of butter a small quantity of
cream is shaken in a glass jar, and the butter granules
put with the skim-milk. This mixture finds a sale at
three to five cents per quart. It is a good way' of dis¬
posing of skim-milk, and the mixture satisfies a legiti¬
mate demand, but it is not “buttermilk,” though no
harm is done to other products by its sale.

*

Last week we referred to the unfortunates who, hav¬
ing lost some member or faculty, decline to give up, but
go on doing their best. The picture on page 439 gives
another side to this. One man stands upon the shoulder
of another to show the height of the corn. The corn
conceals the fact that “foundation” man has lost his
right hand. The hand was lost in childhood, and yet
this man did not despair, but worked on until he is now
respected and responsible. Not only this, but he still
has a shoulder for “the other fellow” if need be. We
regret to say that the tendency of too many “strong
ones” is to walk over the weak and helpless, never
dreaming that their strong backs and shoulders were
made to carry rather than to bear down When a man,
like the one in the picture, has grown strong under
affliction he is likely to have more charity. But what
about you and the burdens you think are heavy? You
may lighten them by helping some one else to rise.

*

Hon. Thomas C. Platt is receiving a good deal of
mail these days. We feel sure of this, because people
send us copies of the letters they write him. We have
not room to print many of them, but here is one which
may be called a fair sample :

Hon. Thomas C. Platt: Dear Sir: — Your position regard¬
ing the parcels post question has been brought to nay notice.

I understand you do not think the American people seem
ready to demand this addition to the public service. I can
assure you you are entirely mistaken. The people do want
the parcels post, and it is a crying shame that they do not
now enjoy tills highly useful service. The people of these
United States will not stand idly by and see Europeans send¬
ing their packages from across the ocean clear across our
continent, while they — the Americans — cannot have this
privilege our Government gives to foreigners. I say again,
it is a shame, and the people of this country will not stand
it much longer. As the President of the United States Ex¬
press Company you will doubtless be injured some by the
parcels post service, but as a politician and a leader in the
Republican party you will suffer to a greater extent if you
persist in ignoring the wishes of the people you are sup¬
posed to be serving. The people will hold the Republican
party responsible for the lack of the parcels post addition to
our postal service. Cordially yours, c. a.

Now there is a man who points the way. He is a
more useful citizen than the one who sits down and
mopes because Senator Platt is a large man, while a
postage stamp seems like a little thing. Suppose we
had 20,000 good men in New York who would talk up
to Senator Platt in just this way. Does anybody doubt

what the result would be? We select Senator Platt
as a special mark for the postage stamps because he
is thought by many to be the most powerful opponent
of the parcels post. Let us take hold of the hardest
part of the job first. There is no public man in this
country who can afford to ignore the postage stamp
vote. Keep at him. therefore, fearlessly and respect¬
fully, but keep at him !

*

We have pointed out some strange features of the
horse business. In spite of the increase of trolley cars,
automobiles and other machines formerly drawn by
horses good animals are worth more than ever and hard
to find. In view of this, one would think that farmers
would raise more horses. We should naturally ex¬
pect to find one or more colts on every good farm. Yet
the great majority of eastern farmers buy their farm
horses from the West or Canada. We find compara¬
tively few colts outside of the sections where horse
raising is made a business. The explanation seems to
be that most farmers regard a good colt as a risky piece
of property. A barbed wire, a rolling stone, a hole
in the pasture, may quickly cut the colt’s value in two.
Then again many farmers feel that they lack the time
required to drive and train a good colt. It needs con¬
stant and steady exercise, and this means time taken
from regular farm work. These are some of the rea¬
sons why so many farmers prefer to let others oversee
the first four years of a horse’s life.

*

The Cincinnati Times Star pictures the woes of a
dealer in colored oleo. This man was found guilty of
selling oleo for butter, the fines and costs amounting to
$750. He refused to pay and was put at labor in the
prison workhouse. When he called for a better place
to sleep he was told that “all prisoners fare alike !”
Promptly on time he was called up with the other pris¬
oners and marched to his work. He found there was
no shirking and that while selling oleo- for butter might
be in some ways a “soft job,” working out his fine was
a job that went without cushions. At last reports he
had about made up his mind to pay the fine and stick to
either honest butter or honest oleo ! The moral in this
little story is many sided. The most important side
is the civilizing effect which a little wholesome labor
has upon a well-to-do rogue. The reckless auto drivers
belong to a class that should feel the uplifting influence
of a good sweat. These gentry go rushing along our
country roads, scaring horses and putting lives in peril.
A small fine or a smaller bribe means nothing to them.
What they need most is a good job at some useful work
behind the bars with no rest and no prison favors. One
good application of this treatment would go* far to make
them useful members of society!

*

A benevolence in which country dwellers should be
especially interested is the work of the National Plant,
Fruit and Flower Guild, whose headquarters are in this
city. The object of this association is to carry bright¬
ness into the lives of the poor in great cities, and to
bring them in touch with nature. This organization
distributes fruit, flowers and plants to hospitals and
dwellers in the tenements ; it furnishes plants and
seeds for vacant lot farming, for backyard gardens and
for tenement window boxes. It also provides nature
study material for the public schools. Anyone who
doubts whether the poor city dweller really cares for
flowers ought to walk by The R. N.-Y. office display¬
ing a bunch of lilac or daisies just as the children pour
out of the public school around the corner. He must
be a very hard-hearted mortal who can resist the ap¬
peals made for “only just one flower, please, mister,” as
the youngsters flock around him unawed -by the big
policeman who stands guard at the schoolhouse door.
By addressing the Guild at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York,
one may obtain instructions as to the material desired,
and also shipping tags, the express companies sending
all such gifts free, except the nature-study material.
Nor need this work be confined to persons living near
New York. There are many other places where such
work may be begun to the greater happiness of the poor,
the sick and the unfortunate.

*

The following note is from a friend -in Colorado:

A man is in this neighborhood selling State and county
rights for a formula that will make three or four times as
much butter from ordinary milk as you can without using
his method. lie claims that he uses some vegetable that can
he bought in any town at a small cost, and I saw him make
five pounds of butter out of a quart of milk and some of this
vegetable. Will you tell me if this is a fraud, or have you
ever heard of such a thing?

Heard of it? Why, something is wrong when a
month goes by without a report from this friendly old
fraud. Some years ago the daily papers printed let¬
ters about “Black Pepsin,” a small quantity of which
would “double the amount of butter” one could make
from a given quantity of milk. This stuff coagulated
the milk solids, so that upon churning you produced

a mixture of pot cheese and butter fat — a pasty sort of
salve, which would not sell and which few would eat.
The only person we ever knew to make such stuff the
second time was a farmer in Oregon, who wanted to
be economical, and fed this mess to his hired man. As
for taking five pounds of butter out of a quart of
milk — just consider for a moment how absurd that is.
The quart of milk weighs about 33 ounces. A four-
per-cent milk will thus give less than V/2 ounce of
butter fat. Do not, under any circumstances, buy such
stuff. You cannot make good butter by its use, but
will only make trouble and loss for yourself!

★

We once received a rush letter from a man who de¬
manded instant help. His strawberry plants were dying
and he concluded that the damage was done by an in¬
sect which he found running away from one of the
plants. He sent us a sample of the damaged plants and
also several of the insects. We were to telegraph if
need be and tell him how to kill the pest. We saw
at a glance that the plants had been injured by the
white grub. The insect was the common water bug,
which could not possibly kill a strawberry plant! Our
friend was, sure of his effect but made a bad guess at
the cause: Another man found his young orchard badly
affected with plant lice. He observed many ants run¬
ning about on the trees and immediately concluded
that the ants were hunting and killing the lice. So he
went about digging up ant hills and carrying the dirt
to scatter in his orchard, so as to have plenty of the
ants. He thus did just the thing he should not have
done. Instead of trying to kill the lice the ants pro¬
tect them and make them work. Thus the more this
man increased the supply of ants the more he helped
the lice and hurt his trees. We mention these two
cases to show how easy it is for the best of us to go
wrong when we trust to our own imperfect knowledge
to settle an important matter. A large proportion of
the failures in life are due to the habit of making snap
judgments and refusing to wait until the best opinion
within reach can be consulted.

*

You may start from Maine and travel to Arizona, and
then work up to Washington and travel to Florida. In
all your journey you cannot find a place where people
are not discussing the problem of how to retain the
common rights of the common people. You will find
some radical people who -talk what amounts to revolu¬
tion, while others seem hopeless and indifferent. The
great majority, however, realize the situation, and are
beginning to see their duty. The following note from
South Dakota is a fair sample of what farmers say

I like what you say on page 382 in regard to trusts, and
believe with you that unless the trusts are less aggressive
or go more on the Iive-and-let-live plan that Government
ownership will he a stronger issue than tariff or free silver
were. We want parcels post and postal savings banks, and
if Congress does not come to the rescue soon we shall have
to get a new Congress that will at least try to give the peo¬
ple what they should have. From this on I shall support
the man who seems most likely to work in the interest of
the people.

What is commonly known as “talk” is not half as
cheap as it used to be. The constant discussion of these
public questions in magazines and papers has resulted
in public education. At no time in the history of the
country have the great majority of thinking Americans
had a clearer idea of the great evils that confront so¬
ciety. We have great confidence in the ability of the
plain working people to handle these matters justly.
We shall find that the extension of agricultural educa¬
tion has helped to steady society as well as benefit agri¬
culture.

BREVITIES.

A dishorned goat is a renovated butter.

With us the Alfalfa grows right away from the clover.

Now, then, if you only had a good field of Crimson clover!

It requires great faith to do a thorough job of spraying
for the first time on a windy day.

Immigrants are still pouring into New York and at the
same time farms are being drained of laborers.

Some people like to stand in the limelight. Let them
remember this. The glare will expose your faults as well as
your virtues.

Ten to one you can sit down at any time and think of five
cases where if you had taken your wife's advice you would
now be better off.

It is announced that in cheap candies oxide of iron, man¬
ganese and other minerals used in barn paint form a sub¬
stitute for chocolate. It doesn't seem a desirable interior
decoration for young America.

The Agricultural Department says that insect pests In the
United States annually cost the farmers $700,000,000 a year,
or more than the entire annual expenditures of the Govern¬
ment. Load up your spraying outfit, and see if you can’t
knock a trifle off the bug appropriation this year.

Since January 793 persons have been killed or injured by
automobiles in and around New York. Of these 02 were
killed and over 50 crippled for life. With nothing but a
small fine in prospect, the owners of “devil wagons” seem
to find these murderous assaults on pedestrians quite divert¬
ing.

1605.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

445

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — May 17 George F. Meade, of Boston, presi-
rent of the National League of Commission Merchants, con
tinned his statement before the Senate Committee on Intel'
state Commerce, giving details of alleged abuses of the
private car system. lie presented some of the features of
the testimony brought out in the hearing in Chicago. He
asserted that Armour & Co. in some cases charged railroads
$2.50 a ton of freight for the ice used, and paid the roads
a rebate of $1 a ton. Refrigerating charges and freight
charges, he said, were consolidated in one bill, the different
items not being specified. Joseph S. Call of Los Angeles,
Cal., representing 70 per cent of the Citrus fruit growers of
southern California, appeared to urge giving the Interstate
Commerce Commission power to supervise rates, establish
maximum rates and put them in effect until passed on by a
court, in accordance, he said, with the recommendation of
the President. He has been employed by the Government
in railway litigation. lie maintained that the private car
lines were agents of the railroads, and the railroads should
be held responsible for the acts of the car lines. Joseph
Bartle, of St Paul, an oil shipper, testified that St. Paul
and Minneapolis were not treated fairly in rates. He thought
the Standard Oil Company got a concession from the rail¬
roads. The rate on oil, he declared, was advanced at the
request of the Standard Oil Company from 12 to 20 cents a
hundred. . . . The “whipping post law,” for the pun¬

ishment of wife-beaters, which was passed by the Oregon
State Legislature in January last, went into effect May 18.
The new law provides that a man convicted of wife beating
may be punished by whipping, not exceeding 20 lashes, but
this is only an additional punishment, and not the exclusive
punishment for the crime. The old punishment by fine or
imprisonment is still in effect under the new law.

Governor LaFollette, of Wisconsin, has won his long fight
for a railroad rate bill which will allow him to appoint a
commission with power to fix all railroad rates in Wiscon¬
sin. The Senate May 18 passed the committee measure,
which was approved by La Follette, after a long fight on the
part of the opposition to have the commission made elective.
The election bill was rejected by La Follette men two years
ago, and he made his campaign on this phrase of the rate
question, though the opposition favored a bill giving a
measure of control of rates to an elective commission. The
Senate was evenly divided, but (he Assembly is strongly for
La Follette and will pass the bill with little question. . . .
The I'ostoflice Department issued a fraud order May 17
against the “Walter May Corresponding Club.” of South
Bend, Ind. The “club” was operated by Joseph A. Logan,
who inserted advertisements in newspapers throughout the
country announcing that a wealthy woman desired to marry,
and that a wealthy man was seeking a wife. Persons an¬
swering the advertisements were informed that for $5 each
the “club” would put these seekers after a wife or husband
in communication with the writer. When the inspector
looked up the “club” Logan was getting in about 1,400 let¬
ters a day. many of them containing money. The Depart¬
ment says it was one of the worst matrimonial frauds it has
struck for a good while. . . . Fire at Wilkesbarre, Pa.,

May 21, caused loss amounting to $300,000. ... At

Columbus, O., May 22, a Hocking Valley locomotive which
had just been overhauled blew up, killing six men.

Judge Albion Winegar Tourgee, of Mayville, N. Y., American
Consul at Bordeaux, France, died May 21 from acute
uraemia, which resulted from an old wound. He had been
ill for several months. Albion W. Tourgee was born in
Williamsfield, Ohio, in May, 1838. He spent his youth in
western Massachusetts, and in 1858 he went to the Roches¬
ter University. In April, 1801. he enlisted in the Twenty-
seventh New York Regiment, being wounded at the first bat¬
tle of Bull Run. He re-entered the army in July, 1802, as
a first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Regi¬
ment. His service in the field was soon terminated by the
fortunes of war, which made him a prisoner. He was con¬
fined at Atlanta and Salisbury and in Libby Prison. At the
close of the war be settled in Greensboro, N. C. He prac¬
tised his profession there, and In 1807 was elected a dele¬
gate to the State Constitutional Convention. A year later
he became a judge of the Superior Court, holding his office
until 1874. During li is term of service as judge the Ku-Klux
Klan was exposed and broken up, largely through his indi¬
vidual efforts. In 1809 he was one of the commissioners
appointed to prepare the code of North Carolina, and in
1875 he was again a delegate to the State Constitutional
Convention. Among Judge Tourgee’s published works are
three law books. His first contribution to fiction was made
In 1874. when, under the nom de plume of Henry Churton,
he wrote “Toinette,” a tale of the South, a work which at¬
tracted much attention below Mason and Dixon’s line by the
views expressed in it concerning the social relations of the
whites and blacks. In September, 1879, Judge Tourgee pub¬
lished a second novel, “Figs and Thistles: a Story of the
Western Reserve and the Civil War.” The publication of
“A Fool’s Errand,” two months later, caused a genuine sen¬
sation throughout, the country. “Bricks Without Straw”
appeared in October. 1880. From 1881 to 1884 .Ttirge Tour¬
gee was editor of the Continent, a literary weekly. Among
his other works were “Hot Ploughshares.” “Black Ice,”
“With Gauge and Swallow,” ‘Out of the Sunset Sea" and
“The Story of a Thousand.” He was appointed Consul at
Bordeaux in 1897 and in 1903 was promoted to the post of
Consul-General at Halifax, returning later to his former
office at Bordeaux. . . . After he had served four months

in the penitentiary at Columbus, O., for robbing a corncrlb,
Stanton Randles, a young farmer from Coshocton County,
was released from prison May 20 upon order of the Circuit
Court. The grounds upon which the man was released were
that he had made no entrance to the crib In order to get
corn, but had pried off a board and let the corn roll out, and
therefore was not guilty of any penitentiary offense. He
had been sentenced to live years. . . . Mrs. Mary Ash¬

ton Livermore, widely known as a teacher, lecturer, writer
and agitator on woman’s suffrage and temperance legislation,
died at Melrose, Mass., May 23, aged 85. When the Civil
War began Mrs. Livermore turned all her energies to the
work of the United States Sanitary Commission. So suc¬
cessful was her work that Dr. Henry W. Bellows, president
of the commission, after seeing the results which she had
achieved, telegraphed to Washington to have Mrs. Liver¬
more made an associate member of the commission, in
charge of the work in Chicago. It was at this time that
Mrs. Livermore began her career as a lecturer, raising large
sums by this means for the needs of the commission. After
the war Mrs. Livermore turned her attention to the cause
of women. At first she did not favor equal suffrage, but
was soon won over to the cause and the remainder of her

life was given up to this work and that of the Woman’s

Christian Temperance Union. In 18(19 she established the
Agitator, a woman’s suffrage paper which was later merged
with the Woman’s Journal In Boston, which Mrs. Livermore
edited for two years. Associated with her on the Agitator
were William Lloyd Garrison. Colonel Thomas W. Higginson,
Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. For 10 years Mrs. Liver¬
more was president of the Massachusetts Woman's Christian
Temperance Union, and during this time she delivered lec¬
tures all over the United States and In England and Scot¬
land. In 1895 she retired from her more onerous duties, but

retained her membership in 37 clubs and the presidency of
two of them. Mrs. Livermore was the author of “The Chil¬
dren’s Army.” “What Shall We Do With Our Daughters.”
“My Story of the War,” “American Women” and numerous
other books.

ADMINISTRATION. — No action will be taken by the
Administration in the Venezuelan asphalt controversy until
it has an opportunity of securing the advice of Congress as
to the character of the steps it would be justified in taking
to bring the matter to an end. This much was made known
May 22 after the news that the president of the highest
court in Venezuela had rendered a decision against the
New York and Bermudez Asphalt Company, ordering it to
pay damages to the Venezuelan Government, and that its
concession and property be forfeited, had been received. The
President has ample power to take up the asphalt negotia¬
tions again in a diplomatic way, but it is understood that

he realizes that to do this would be futile and would serve
only to encourage President Castro in what Administration
officers declare to be a defiant and insolent attitude toward
the United States. The fact that the President has decided
to wait until he can secure the advice of Congress indicates
that he believes the end has been reached in the attempt, to
adjust the controversy peacefully, and that the only recourse
now is to forcible action. The Administration authorities
are of the opinion that any attempt to prevent the Venezue¬
lan Government from depriving the asphalt company of its
property and its legal right should necessarily have to be
undertaken by the use of force or at least a show of force,
and they are unwilling to go to that extreme, because they
realize that forcible action might be construed as an infringe¬
ment upon the war-making power, which is vested solely in
the legislative branch of the Government. . . . Here¬

after convict labor cannot be used on Government works,
according to an order just issued by the President at the
instance of the War Department. The Judge Advocate Gen¬
eral of the War Department decided that the use of convict
labor on Government works, even in States which permit
it, is contrary to the spirit of the law. The case arose over
certain river and harbor improvements in Arkansas, where
the contractor had expressed the desire to hire convicts from
the State authorities.

FARM AND GARDEN. — Co-operation in agitation for re¬
form of many kinds is asked by the National Live Stock
Association in a bulletin addressed to “all live stock organ¬
izations.” The movement includes amendments to the inter¬
state commerce law to provide for “just and reasonable”
railway rates, the feeding of the American army in the
Philippines with meat supplied by this country instead of
mrchased abroad, and the extension of the market for Amer-
can meats in foreign countries.

Southern California is to have a laboratory and exper¬
iment station for the study of diseases of plants. The finan¬
cial support is to be furnished by the State that the work
may be undertaken by the University of California as a
part of the activities of its Department of Agriculture. The
State Commission for the selection of a location for the
pathological laboratory and experiment station, a board con¬
sisting of the Governor. President Beniamin Ide Wheeler, of
the university, and Professor E. .T. Wickson, of the chair of
agricultural practice in the university, is ready to receive
proposals in regard to a site. It is expressly set forth in
the bill providing for this work that lands already belonging
to the State at Whittier or at Patton may l>e used if the
commission so decides. Should other communities in south¬
ern California, however, make offers particularly advan¬
tageous in character the commission will be glad to enter¬
tain such proposals.

Vol. 10. American Oxford Down Record, will be closed
July 1, 1905, and pedigrees received after that date will be
held over for Vol. 11, which will not be printed until 1907.
Information concerning registry of this breed may be ob¬
tained from W. A. Shafor, Hamilton. O.

CROP PROSPECTS.

The prospect for most all fruit is fair here, but it has
rained so much the past week that I am afraid the scab will
do a great deal of damage. It has rained nine days in suc¬
cession, and is approaching five inches in that time, and is
still raining some. u. t. cox.

Lawrence Co., Ohio.

Wheat and grass are looking fine, especially new seeding,
but weather keeps cold and dry. and everything is very back¬
ward. May 21 we had a heavy frost, mercury in place’s down
to 32, and a good many tomato and bean plants and manv
strawberries were killed. But I don’t think it was hard
enough to hurt peaches or other fruit. Orchards are show¬
ing a medium bloom, except where the Baldwins bore heavily
last year. It has been a very good Spring for work, cool
and dry, and most farmers have Spring grain all In and corn
and potato ground is well along towards being fitted, but
many are waiting for warm weather to plant. We have
sold one of our farms, so we will cut down our farming
operations. We sold the best farm in the State of New York.
That is putting it strong, ain't it. but I challenge the whole
State to show 327 acrdS in a nearly square block, with not a
poor knoll, nor a rod of waste land on it, every foot rich
and strong: good for 40 bushels of wheat or 50 bushels of
barley per acre. The first year we got the Mansliurv barley
we sowed six acres, from which we harvested and sold 427
bushels of barley. It was simply immense; men when they
saw it in shock would not believe it was barley till they
went to the field. We gave It away for $100 per acre.

Niagara Co., N. Y. ,t. s. woodward.

GOOD ROADS CONFERENCE AT CORNELL

While there was some disagreement among those present
at the Good Roads Conference held at Cornell University,
May 10-19, upon methods, there was but one unanimous sen¬
timent: that the object of the meeting was fruitful of very
far-reaching results to the internal welfare of the State of
New York. It is slowly dawning upon all concerned that we
lack trained men to execute the laws already upon the
statute books, and none in sight. Much trouble has fol¬
lowed in many towns simply because no one was at hand
who knew what to do. It goes without saying that of all
men, farmers are most surely able to meet emergencies, but
in this case they have no literature, no experience upon
which to rely, and so mistakes are frequent. Everyone
who spoke emphasized this point, and particularly the engi¬
neers. It is not proposed to send graduated engineers into
every town as road officers, but if the Governor signs the
bill making a small appropriation it is expected that a
reasonable number, at first of the road officers or the super¬
visors, or both, would attend a short course in the same
capacity that the students now take the short course in
butter and cheese making, and so be better eouipped to deal
with the questions that confront them in their respective
towns. They would of course find that application of teach¬
ing was non-applicable in many cases where quick judgment
only would qualify. Contact, with men doing like work in
other towns, and their ideas and experiences, and the prob¬
lems renovated by experts of broad and trained experience
would give new interest and conception of road building and
maintenance.

W. Pierpont White, who must really be called the father
of the present good roads movement in New York: State
Engineer Van Alstyne and three prominent sub-engineers, in¬
cluding Editors Tucker and Johnson, and State Grange
Secretary Giles addressed the convention. The State Engi¬
neer’s paper was elaborate and carefully prepared. A few
statements briefly follow : Our best energies in the past
have been employed upon railroad construction, until the
cost of hauling per ton mile has been reduced from .0325
cents per ton mile in 1865 to .0073 cents per ton mile in
1904. This means that if the people paid ns much for rail¬
road haul now as then they would pay $142,000,000 more
for local freight and $326,000,000 more for through freight.
The average cost for hauling agricultural products in New
York State over wagon roads is .26 cents per ton mile,
while over the good roads of Europe it is .10 cents. He
also called attention to the effect upon farm values by hav¬
ing roads over which city people could ride, thereby making
real estate attractive to them. The fact that the present
State law provides for the building of any kind of road of
moderate cost up to the laying of brick if advisable was em¬
phasized. The State has now petitions for 5,500 miles, has
surveyed 2,900, has planned for 2,100 miles: 1.750 miles
have been approved by all parties concerned and moneys
appropriated, and 700 miles have been built or now under
construction : $6,300,000 of State money has been expended
in surveys and construction since 1898. In 1905 under the
Fuller- Planck State aid law 54 counties, 416 towns. 36,100
miles of road had received State aid ; the State had paid
$483,355.27 and the towns expended $1,062,803. The in¬
crease is shown by eight counties, 43 town?: 3.696 miles of
road being under the law in 1899. Slowly the State is being
systematized. In the future the agreement between town
boards and Commissioner must be on file in the State Engi¬
neer’s office : also an annual report of moneys expended.
Eleven counties have now appointed either an engineer or
superintendent.

The following States have enacted road laws : New York,
New Jersey, Massachusetts. Connecticut. California, Ver¬
mont, Maine. Rhode Island. Pennsylvania. Delaware, New
Hampshire, Maryland and Ohio. Iowa, Michigan and North

Carolina have established bureaus for collecting information.

The following estimates were given where no unusual
conditions are met : Expense of grading and drainage, $800
to $2,000 per mile ; cost of concrete culverts, retaining walls,
etc., from $500 to $1,000 per mile ; cost of guard rails, ditch
crossings, underdrains, etc., $200 to $500 per mile. The fol¬
lowing table gives careful estimates of varying road con¬

struction :

Earth road . Nothing

A gravel surface 6 inches by 14 feet . $1 ,000 to $ 1 5,000

A shale surface 0 inches by 14 feet . 1,300 to 15,000

Macadam surface 6 inches by 14 feet . 4,500 to 6,000

Pacing brick 8 feet wide laid on macadam. 10,000 to 12,000

Average cost of all engineering work on roads is 10 per
cent of contract price.

Since writing the foregoing I have attended our local
Grange meeeting and found much sharp criticism upon the
methods adopted by our highway commissioner, who is doing
his first work under the money system, and I am of the
opinion some of it is deserved, simply because there has been
no education for the man. and the job is therefore too big
for him. Of course people are bound to criticise anyway ;
nothing but a miracle in road building would satisfy the tax¬
payers, and if the least chance is afforded for criticising they
make the most of It _ it. e. cook.

THE SMALL SILO. — I think that there is no doubt but
that silage can be made to keep in a tank such as is de¬
scribed on page 439. While I have never seen a silo as
small as the one you mention in practical use, yet I remem¬
ber very well, when I was at college, an experiment which
was conducted where a silo was used made of a water tank,
which was four feet, in diameter and 10 feet high. The corn
was packed very tight in this tank and heavily weighted, and
It made a good quality of silage, keeping very well with
practically no loss. A tank 6 x 12 feet would hold from
six to eight tons of silage, depending on how tightly it was
packed and how much weight, was applied.

Md. Exp. Station. h. j. patterson,

OHIO CROP NOTES. — We have had very wet weather the
past ten days. About one-half of our people have their corn
planted ; the remainder have corn ground ready, but it rains
every day or nearly so, and we are delayed. It is not late
yet, as people usually plant from May 12 to 16, when they
can, but ground is again badly soaked, and most ground
will not be in good cond! ’on again for three or four days,
even if the rain ceases. We had a beautiful March, but a
cold April and May so far. Wheat, prospects are excellent ;
few people expected a good wheat crop this year, as we had
a dry Fall and Winter, and it got a poor start in Fall, but
it had protection, covered by snow the greater part of
Winter, and March, usually the hardest month on wheat,
was favorable, with plenty of rain in April and May, which
caused a rank growth. Oats look poor, as it is too cold,

and they look small and yellow, but may come out all right.

Ground for corn was in excellent condition until those rains
the past 10 days. Grass looks well for the same reasons
that helped wheat in March, April and forepart of May.
Excellent prospects for all kinds of fruit so far, such as
apples, pears, nlums, peaches and cherries. I don’t know
much about strawberries, raspberries and blackberries, but
suppose they are all right yet. I have potatoes six or more
inches high that I planted the latter part of March, but only
a few, about 15 feet square, which I can cover up if danger

of frost. Wheat is only 90 cents here now. It had been

up as high as $1.21. Oats are about 40. corn 60; butter
about 22 to 24; eggs 15: potatoes scarcely any sale at any
. price, hard to get 25 cents now. We are in one of the best
counties in the United States, but like everywhere else, it Is
nothing but combines and trusts in almost everything. This
is a great county for clay products, tile, building blocks, etc.,
but they are all combined and no competition any more.
We used to have two grist mills and warehouse here owned
by different persons ; now all three are owned by same peo¬
ple, and the millers all over this county have been holding
meetings and organizing to fix prices they will pay for wheat
and prices they will sell their products for. They want to
beat, farmers and town people, the farmers In buying their
grain, the latter In selling their products. They pay 90
cents for wheat and sell it at $1.15 to $1.20 to town people
who buy it for chicken feed, etc. As they hold this wheat
a week before they sell it they make nearly 25 per cent
jer week or over 1,200 per cent per year. We have laws
n Ohio making it- usury to charge over eight per cent for
money, and banks now seldom pay farmers over three and
four per cent per annum. Cannot a stop be put to these
extortions by combines? Louisville used to be the best
wheat market in the county, but our two mills were paying
more in order to run out the warehouse by paying more
than It could afford to pay and ship, and finally the latter
got to quarreling together, and a receiver was appointed,
and now the owner of the mills has a controlling interest
and there will be no further opposition. We have a strong
Grange here ; would It be practicable for them to find good
customers and ship their products by carload? We have
saved much in buying our fertilizers, salt and binding twine
this season. peter balmat.

Ohio.

BUSINESS BITS .

Jackson’s Round Agricultural Tile fills the long-felt want
of everyone who desires the perfect drainage of the land.
If you are Interested in this subject write to John H. Jack-
son. 60 Third Avenue, Albany, N. Y., for his catalogue. It
will tell you all you want to know about drainage tile, sewer
pipe, fire brick, chimney tops, encaustic sidewalk tile, etc.
Send for it to-day.

Popularity at home is a pretty sure indication of merit,
whether it be a man. a piece of machinery or some patented
device. Applying this test to the automatic water buckets
manufactured by B. II. Fry, Arnenia, N. Y., we should say
they come as near being perfect as is possible to make
them — there are over 2.000 of them in use in the Immediate
neighborhood where they are made. To know more about
them send for circular, prices, etc.

Farmers everywhere are confronted by the problem of
protecting the stock and poultry from dampness without
great expense or labor. Shingles have always been a favorite
solution, but now a new ready roofing, Ainatite, has been
put on the market and proved itself to be a great advauce
over the old methods. Any man can lay It without experi¬
ence. Sample can be obtained free from the Barrett Manu¬
facturing Company, New York. Chicago, Philadelphia. Cleve¬
land, Cincinnati. St. Louis, Allegheny, Kansas City, New
Orleans, Minneapolis.

Progress is the watchword of the Frost Wire Fence Co.,
Cleveland, O., manufacturers of the Frost fence, coiled
spring wire and steel gates. The Frost Co. invented the
first machinery for producing genuine coiled spring wire — •
not a pound of it having been made In the United States
up to that time. It now requires thousands of tons annually
to supply the demand. Their latest achievement is the
“Frost New Look,” which supersedes the “Frost Wedge
Look.” invented by H. L. Frost in 1896. The “Frost New
Lock” has proven to be the most practical and economical
device In the world for uniting two hard wires at crossings,
thus furnishing a key to the construction of a fence that
will endure for 25 to 30 years instead of three to five years
— <the life of an ordinary fence. Ask the Frost Wire Co.
to mail a copy of their new catalogue and a small model
demonstrating the merit of the “Frost New Lock.”

Horace L. Bronson, of Star Farm. Cortland. N. Y.. re¬
ports the following Important sales of registered Ilolsteins
from Star Farm herd: To A. L. Phillips, a daughter of
Baron DeKol, Baroness Tdola. No. 71474: to Jorge C. Mi-
lenes, of Santiago de Cuba, the heifer calf Nazli Johanna,
No. 70620, also the bull calf. Wietski Butter Boy, No.
35720. These calves were carefully crated and an ample
supply of feed furnished, so that they stood their long
shipment without losing flesh and arrived in grand condition.
To W. R. Selleck, Huntington Harbor, L. L. two carloads of
registered Ilolsteins, including some of the choicest males
and females of the breed. This consignment made a sub¬
stantial addition to Mr. Selleck’s large herd of registered
ITolsteins at Huntington, L. I., their Summer home. In
Winter the stock is shipped to his stock farm in Virginia,
and there allowed to graze during the Winter months. After
a practical trial Mr. Selleck reports a great saving over
keeping the stock north during the Winter.

446

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 3

• 'T^T'T''yr ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼T ’'TW'TW

f Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

A garden is a lovesome thing, God wot !
Rose plot,

Fringed pool,

Fettl'd grot —

The veriest school

Of peace; and yet the fool
Contends that God is not —

Not God! in gardens! when the eve Is cool?

Nay, hut I have a sign ;

'Tis very sure God walks in mine.

— Thomas Edward Brown, horn 1830.

*

For covering the walls of the bathroom
Sanitas wall oilcloth is strongly recom¬
mended. It can be washed off like tiling,
which it resembles in appearance. It is 47
inches wide and costs 25 cents a yard; a
seven-inch border to match costs five
cents a yard.

*

Prunes cooked slowly in maple syrup
are delicious. No fruit seems to vary
more in quality than the prune, and its
faults are not always the result of care¬
less cooking. Old stock cannot be made
palatable; the fruit must be fresh and
well-kept. Small prunes of excellent qual¬
ity are very cheap, five to eight cents a
pound, and will be found quite as satisfac¬
tory for general use as the more ex¬
pensive large ones, so long as they are
fresh stock.

*

Asparagus a la vinaigrette is a deli¬
cious dish for a cold Sunday dinner.
Cook as for boiled asparagus. While
cooking make a hot French dressing by
mixing together in a saucepan over the
fire six tablespoonfuls of salad oil, two
of vinegar, two teaspoonfuls of French
mustard, half a teaspoonful of sugar,
salt and pepper to taste. When the as¬
paragus is tender drain, put in a deep
dish and pour over it the hot dressing.
Cover and set aside to cool, then stand in
the ice chest for an hour or so before
serving.

*

The first young beets, when only the
size of a hickorynut, are served with their
own tops as “greens,” as follows : Re¬
move any rusty or ragged outer leaves,
but do not trim the tops from the roots.
Wash carefully without breaking the skin
of the roots, cook in salted boiling water
until tender. Cut off the leaves close to
the roots, drain in a colander and chop
fine, seasoning with butter, pepper, salt
and lemon juice. Keep hot by setting the
dish in a p'an of boiling water while the
roots are scraped and trimmed, then dish
with the little beets as a garnish around
the “greens.”

*

When visiting one of the primary
schools some years ago, the day before
Memorial Day, or Decoration Day, as it
was then more generally called, says a
writer in the Boston Herald, I, as usual,
as a member of the School Board, ad¬
dressed the pupils. When closing I said ;

“Well, children, you have a holiday to¬
morrow. What day is it?”

“Decoration Day !” from all in unison.

“What do you do on Decoration Day?”

“Decorate the soldiers’ graves,” said all
together again.

“Why do you decorate their graves any
more than others?”

This was a sticker, but finally one little
fellow held up his hand.

“Well, sir, why is it?”

“Because they are dead and we ain’t.”

*

The views of the old lady thus ex¬
pressed in the Youth’s Companion will
appeal to a good many who know a little
more than she about fencing as a femi¬
nine accomplishment :

“It does beat all, Michael, what they’re
teaching girls now in these city schools,”
said old Mrs. Milliken, laying down the
advertising section of a big daily which
she had been reading closely for the last
half-hour. “Of course when Jamie went

to the farm school and they gave him
digging afid chores and such, it seemed
right enough, for he was a boy, and was’
fitting himself for making a living off
the land.

“But what I can’t make out is why ever
city folks, and girls at that, -and ones
that don’t need to be scratching to make
ends meet, should be paying twenty-five
dollars extra, as the paper here says, just
to learn fencing.”

“Does seem kind o’ queer, ma, come
to think of it,” returned the old man, at
the other end of the table, “but seems like
of late I’ve been hearing a lot of talk
’bout nature studies and ‘back to nature’
and simple lifes and such, and maybe
that’s the city folks’ way o’ getting at
those things, though it ’pears to me as if
’twould come handier for ’em to take a
jaunt out in the country where real fences
was, if they’re so mighty anxious to be
learned 'bout the building of ’em !”

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

We have been so busy housecleaning
and gardening that I have not had time
to put my grumbling on paper, which
was perhaps a good thing for the readers,
who, no doubt, think I do not realize my
blessings enough. If one could just live
in the present it would be easy, but the
future will loom up, dark, to every
thoughtful girl, who has no lawful pro¬
vider, and is without a settled career. It
is very fine for Carnegie to give ten mil¬
lions to college professors who are beyond
the limit age, but there is no bonus for
the maiden aunt who has spent the best
years of her life catering to the needs
of those nearest to her, or toiling to help
other people’s children. But Spring has
so many allurements that it is not easy
to be glum, for

“The west winds blow, and singing low
1 bear the glad stream run.

And all the windows of my soul
I open to the sun.”

If we could live more in the sunshine,
and less over the cook stove, many of our
dreary thoughts would vanish, and the
healing power of light and air would
soothe and tranquilize us. So with rake
and hoe and sometimes spade I have been
out in the garden, and the result is in the
hands of Him Who “giveth the increase.”
The boys have planted whatever they fan¬
cied in their garden plots, and, as usual,
they differ in their methods and ideas as
widely as in character. Cleveland wanted
a little of everything, and put his beans
in too early, so, that they caught the frost
and he had too many things crowded to¬
gether. Grant helped his brothers with
the digging and raking before he planted
his choice, which was melons in hills that
were made early and sown first with let¬
tuce seed, and as soon as it was warm
enough the melon seeds were put in the
center of the hills, to start while the let¬
tuce was growing. As soon as the salad
was fit for the table we all shared the
dainty leaves in sandwiches, and enjoyed
it because it was grown by the laddie for
us. Sherman would not buy any seed,
but begged from me some sweet peas and
radishes, eating all the latter while they
were very small, and neglecting to hoe
his sweet peas now that they are up, or
to put strings on them. I told him yes¬
terday that his sweet peas were like un¬
trained children, growing very lop-sided,
and not likely to come to any good unless
trained to regular habits of growth while
young. “Oh, well, aunty,” he said, “I
don’t care about them. I want to work
at something that will make money.”

How could I blame the boy'? I am
trying to do that myself all the time. Per¬
haps the tops and marbles I should buy
with the money may seem more of ne¬
cessities than his, but the thought is the
same. How often I have said it to my¬
self when toiling at work that seemed
ter bring no recompense, “I want to work
rt something that will make money,” as if
everything depended upon the cash in
hand. There is a beautiful glamour over
everything that is likely to turn out profit¬
ably, and I cannot blame Sherman, for we
are all like the “maid and the milk pail.”
counting up, and anticipating results, only
to have our hopes dashed to the ground
by one careless movement.

We are encouraging the little melon
grower because the preserves we have
enjoyed most during the Winter was a
confection made of melon rind. It was

cut off just where generally thrown
away, and boiled till clear, after cutting
into small pieces ; then a syrup made to
which a little green ginger was added and
the rind put in when cold, and heated
through, sealed up while hot. It proved
to be very much like the expensive gin¬
ger compote, with the added taste of soft
candied peel, and was a very great favor¬
ite while it lasted.

Gardening is hard work; the steady use
of the hoe makes your back ache, and the
weeds will crop up, if the land is neg¬
lected for a little while. We have had
heavy rain that prevented the necessary
attention, and already the weeds are visi¬
ble above the seedlings. No time for
dreaming, or for theory, while necessity,
which “knows no law”, shows the daily
duty to the woman with the hoe.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

Ill Cherry Time.

Several years ago I spent part of my
vacation on a farm where there were
cherries in abundance. The idea of dry¬
ing some came to me, and I was given
permission to use all I wanted to. So I
set to work picking and pitting the firm,
ripe fruit. Each plateful was liberally
sprinkled with sugar. The fruit was then
set in a sunny place to dry. When my
work was finished I had several quarts
of fine dried cherries. These I used the
next Winter in place of raisins in cakes
and puddings, finding them an excellent
substitute.

Canned Cherries. — This fruit is one
which a young housekeeper can safely se¬
lect when just beginning to learn how to
can fruit, for my experience has proved
it to be the best of keepers. While
peaches, plums and berries with the best
of care will often spoil, the cherry al¬
ways behaves itself, a great relief to a
busy woman. After pitting the cherries
weigh them, allowing one-fourth of a
pound of granulated sugar to every pound
of fruit. First heat the cherries until
juicy, then add the sugar which has been
heated in the oven. Cook gently till the
sugar is dissolved. Then boil for five
minutes, and can. If the cherries are very
juicy can the juice left in the kettle. It
will be an addition to a pudding dressing
the coming Winter.

A couple of weeks ago I made a cot¬
tage pudding, making a dressing as fol¬
lows: Cherry dressing: One-half cup
butter, one-half pint hot water, one-half
cup granulated sugar, one heaping table-
spoonfdl of flour, one-half pint of cherry
juice. The sifted flour, butter and sugar
were first made into a smooth paste. The
hot water was added gradually, then the
cherry juice. The sauce was then allowed
to boil till done.

Cherry Pudding. — One egg, one-half
cup sweet milk, one teaspoonful baking
powder. Stir in flour to make a stiff bat¬
ter, and as many cherries as possible.
Bake in buttered pudding dish. Serve
with lemon sauce.

Spiced Cherries. — Make a syrup by
boiling together four pounds of granu¬
lated sugar, one pint of vinegar, one-half
ounce each of cinnamon bark and whole
clover. Cook in this till the skin breaks
nine pounds of firm, ripe cherries.

Cherry Pie. — Sift one teacupful of flour,
mix with it one cupful granulated sugar.
Stir this into the cherries before putting
in the pie tin. Bake with two crusts.

HELEN C. ANDREWS.

P ureWHitf Jeab

does not necessarily mean
White Paint. Pure White
Lead is the best possible
basis for ninety-nine out of
a hundred shades of paint,
particularly the light tints
that are now so popular
for suburban and country
houses.

But White Lead must be PURE to be
good. Our booklet n What Paint and
Why” (sent free) tells you how to get
Strictly Pure White Lead and why it is
the best house-paint. Write the nearest
office.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

Largest makers of White Lead in the world

New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland,
Chicago, St. Louis

National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburg
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia

3% or vastly more
as you choose.

The bank may pay 3% interest on
the cash difference between the cost
of putting in a hot air furnace or stoves
and the cost of

American

1 V Radiators

&

DEAL

Boilers

But this difference invested in our
outfit for steam and water warming
will yield many times the 3% (many
users save as high as 40%) by the
great economy in fuel and labor, ab¬
sence of repairs and in household
cleanliness. Then, too, the outfit
outwears the building — is a perma¬
nent investment. These facts are
established. It is not the first cost
but the low cost of running that
decides shrewd investors our way.

After all, the comfort, convenience and abso¬
lute control of inside temperature in anv weather,
are most important. These benefits represent the
real economy — the dividends which figures do not
and cannot measure.

Whetheryour building is OLD or new, SMALL
or large, farm or city, send for our booklet ( free)
“ Heating Investments Successful.” It will make
you a better judge of heating values. This is the
best season to buy !

Dept. 9. CHICAGO

Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If yon can't
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.

Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

THE HESSLER

Rural Mail box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Host-
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application A
large, strong box
and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

INDRURO ID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating- or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong- and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac'ically Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Anv Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Eight in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samt les, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston,

Mention R.N.-Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

447

Seasonable Recipes.

Canned Strawberries. — Fill a quart jar
with large, ripe berries, from which the
hulls have been taken; till the jar with
cold water; then pour it out again into
a measure. For every twelve jars to be
put up use thirteen of these measures of
water and in it dissolve six pounds of
sugar. Pack the jar with berries as close¬
ly as possible without mashing them. Fill
each jar up to the shoulder with syrup,
cover it loosely with the lid and set it in

32 to 42 bust.

a large boiler, which should have a loose¬
ly fitting wooden bottom pierced with
holes. If set on the metal bottom the
jafs are liable to crack. When the boiler
is full of jars pour in cold water up to
their shoulders ; cover it and set it on the
fire. At the same time put the surplus
syrup in a saucepan and allow it to be¬
come hot. As soon as the water in the
boiler begins to boil note the time, and
when it has boiled for eight minutes re¬
move the boiler from the fire. Take out
one jar at a time, fill it even with the hot
syrup in the saucepan, fasten it airtight
and stand it back in the boiler until all
are filled and covered ; let them stand
there until cold, and then store in a cool
place.

Strawberry and Currant Jam. — To
every pound of fruit allow three-quarters
of a pound of sugar, also one pint of red
currant juice to every four pounds of the
berries. Boil the currant juice with the
strawberries for half an hour, stirring all
the time, then add the sugar and boil 20

4930 Five Gored Tucked Skirt,
22 to 32 Waist.

minutes longer, skimming carefully. Put
in small jars or tumblers with paraffin on
top. The currant juice may be omitted.

Raspberry and Currant Bar-le-Duc. —
To four pounds of raspberries add one
pound of currants; bruise the currants
and strain the, juice; add to it three-quar¬
ters of a pound of sugar to each pound of
juice, including the weight of the berries
left whole. Boil 20 minutes and skim, add
the raspberries, cook twenty minutes
more. When the syrup jellies on a plate,
take off and place in glasses or small jars
while hot.

Spiced Currants. — Make a syrup of
three pounds of sugar, one pint of vine¬
gar and water, half and half, two table-
spoonfuls of cinnamon, one tablespoonful

of cloves, half a teaspoonful of salt; add
six pounds of washed, drained, stemmed
currants and boil half an hour. Seal in
jars.

Mock Cherry Jelly. — Cut red-tinted rhu¬
barb in pieces until you have a gallon.
Gather a quart cup pressed full of cherry
leaves, wash and put to boil with the rhu¬
barb for half an hour. Strain off the
juice and make as other jelly. Has the
flavor of cherries.

The Rural Patterns.

Simple waists made in surplice style and
worn with chemisettes of linen or made in
lingerie style are exceedingly fashionable.
The waist figured consists of the fitted
foundation, which is closed at the center
front, fronts and backs. The back is
tucked from shoulders to waist line, the
fronts to yoke depth. The chemisette
is separate and arranged under the fronts,
closed at the back. The sleeves are full
both at the shoulders and the wrists,
where they are finished with shaped cuffs.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 3E> yards 21. 3T4 yards 27
or 1% yard 44 inches wide, with H
yards in any width for chemisette and 2Rj
yards of banding. The pattern 4931 is
cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and
42-inch bust measure ; price 10 cents.

•Skirts in round length that touch, or
just a little more than touch the floor,
make one of the most fashionable models
for all indoor occasions and for the
handsome street suits. No. 4930 is exceed¬
ingly graceful and simple in the extreme,
and is adapted to all materials that are
soft enough to take graceful folds. The
skirt is cut in five eores and is laid in
three tucks of generous width. The upper
edge is shirred to give the effect of a
shallow yoke, and the fulness is so dis¬
tributed as to give less at front, more at
sides and back. The quantity of material
required for medium size is 9 yards 21,
714 yards 27 or 4 4 yards 44 inches wide
The pattern 4930 is cut in sizes for a 22,
24, 26, 28, 30 and 32-inch waist measure ;
price 10 cents.

The Bookshelf.

Paper Bound Novels. — The 25-cent se¬
ries of paper-bound novels issued by the
Macmillan Company continues to offer
rt this price standard copyright fiction.
One of the recent issues is “The History
of David Grieve,” by Mrs. Humphry
Ward, a very strong study of the develop¬
ment of character. Mrs. Ward easily
stands at the head of contemporary wo¬
men novelists, and this cheap reprint will
be welcome. Another volume in this se¬
ries is “The Garden of a Commuter’s
Wife,” which is as delightful at a second
or third reading as at a first.

The Dark Side of the Beef Trust, by
FTerrhan Hirschauer; published by Theo¬
dore Z. Root, Jamestown, N. Y. ; 160
pages ; paper, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents.
The object of this work is said to be to
“warn the people as to the dangers lurk¬
ing in the food which the Beef Trust says
we must eat or starve.” Speaking of that
special type of beef known as the “can-
ner,” it is asserted that the old, crippled
and distempered cattle, which were for¬
merly killed and buried are now picked up
and sold for food. This is a unique book,
well peppered with exclamation points and
hair-raising statements tending to create
a resolution on the part of the reader to
raise his own meat or become a vege¬
tarian.

Riding and Driving, by E. L. Anderson
and P. Collier; 441 pages; 138 illustra¬
tions; Macmillan Company, New York.
This is a volume of the American Sports¬
man’s Library, edited by Caspar Whitney,
and is a commendable addition to horse¬
man’s literature. The history and breed¬
ing of the saddle horse, his care, and the
chapters on driving are particularly good.
The illustrations are excellent. Price $2,
net ; postage 20 cents additional.

Farm Buildings; The Sanders Pub¬
lishing Co., Chicago, Ill.; 185 pages; fully
illustrated. Every useful type of farm
building is here described in ample de¬
tail, and the farmer cannot fail to find
very much interest and profit in this well-
written and neatly made up book. Price,
from this office, $2, postpaid.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURESWHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

Tools for
The Farm

Keen Kutter quality tells in the actual use of the tool.

Keen Kutter Tools are not retired by an occasional snag
or “ tough proposition.” They are made to stand hard
work and lots of it. They hold their edges, do not
break, easily, and last long after poor tools have gone
to the scrap heap. The

keen kutter

brand covers a complete line of tools. In buying any kind of
tool just see that the name Keen Kutter is on it and you have
assurance of full satisfaction. Keen Kutter Tools have been
Standard of America for 36 years, were awarded the Grand
Prize at the St. Louis Fair, and are the best that brains,
money, and skill can produce.

Some of the kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are: Axes, Adzes,
Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files,
Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay
Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks, Corn Knives, Eye Hoes,
Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Shears,

Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors,
etc., and Knives of all kinds.

Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this
Mark, aud Motto:

" The 'Recollection of Quality Remains
Long After the Price is Forgotten.'’

Trade Mark Uegiatered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis, U. 8. A., 8i>8 Broadway, New York.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . $2.50

Bush Fruits. Card . 1.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits mid Ornamentals, .50
Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

piDER MAKING

M i Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.
WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

WALL PAPER OFFER.

OFOR 26 CENTS YOU CAN PAPER A ROOM.

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single roll, 3 cents per
double roll, handsome
border to match, only %
cent per yard (8 yards
fori cent). Coat of thla
paper for a room llxll
feet, height of ceiling,
9 feet, is 20 cents for side
wall and border. 6 cents
for celling. Total coat
only 26 cents, allowing
for two ordinary doors
and windows. Don't buy
a roll of wall paper until
you see OUR FREE SAM¬
PLE BOOK NEW PAPERS
and learn our astonish¬
ingly low prices, won-
derfulvalues In gilt, em¬
bossed. bronzed and In¬
grain papers at 0 cents
to 20 cents per roil,
turn) as dealers
everywhere ask 18
cents to 00 cents per

roll. THEBOOKOF SAM¬
PLES IS FREE, explains
how to order, how to
tell how much to order,
tells all about how to
hang paper, how to
make paste, how to se¬
lect ha rmonizlngcolors,
etc. Write and ask for
Wall Paper Samples
BE SENT TO YOU BY
FREE. ADDRESS.

“FUMA

■ ■kills Prairie-Dogs,
' ' Woodchucks, Gophers,
aud Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop

""’W” “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”£‘55E

EDWARD R. TAYLOR. Penn Yau, N. Y.

and the complete book WILL
RETURN MAIL. POSTPAID.

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

BICYCLES ON TRIAL

for 10 days* We ship on ap¬
proval to anyone without a cent deposit.

£>05 Models $W tO *24

with Coaster-Brakes & Puncture-Proof Tires.

1903 .k 1901 Model. $ O

of best makes . " III ^ I ^

500 Second-Hand Wheels

All makes Sc Mod- $ O $ 0

els good as new C*

RIDER AGENTS WANTED In
each town at good pay. IVrile at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.
TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, tv so CHICAGO

#2 5 upward, with¬
drawable on BO
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department

PROFESSIONAL men ami
* others with limited oppor
(unity for profitable home in
vestment are advised by man>
conservative authorities t»-
utilize the facilities of this Com
I' any for eflectim? loans on hlffh-
clasg real estate. Our “certi¬
ficate” system is the simplest
plan for mail investment.
Write for detailed information

Assets, . 8? 1 ,700,000
Surplus and Profits,

$ 1 60,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.
5 Times BIM'k, B'wy, N.Y. City

150 Envelopes and 150 Letter Heads, neatly
printed, for 75 cents, postpaid. Address
THOMPSON, The Printer, R. 8, Oswego, N. Y.

TWENTY BUSHELS

Of WHEAT

to the Acre

is the record on the FREE
Honn-stead Lands of Western
Canada for 1904. The 150,000
farmers from the United States
who during the past seven years
have gone to Canada participate
in this prosperity. The United
States will soon become an
importer of Wheat. Get u

Free Homestead

or purchase a farm in

WESTERN

CANADA

and become one of those who will help
produce it. This is the era of $1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Superinten¬
dent of Immigration, Ottawa, Cun., or to

THOS. DUNCAN,

Canadian Government Agent, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mention this paper.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. — Get it from your Druggist.

448

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 3,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, June 3, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Corn in Northern Michigan . 438

A Woman’s Farm Notes . 439

Washing Away of Fertilizer . 439

Value of Burned Phosphate . 440

Angleworms in Cabbage . 440

Soy Beans for Western New York . 440

Hope Farm Notes . 443

Crop Prospects . 445

Ohio Crop Notes . 445

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

The Babcock Milk Tester . 437

Water Tank for a Silo . 439

Use of Water Glass . 440

The Small Silo . 445

Where the Horses Come From . 450

Cow Peas in Indiana . 450

Important Guernsey Auction . 451

Mange on a Horse . 451

Can a Farmer Practice Dishorning?.... 451

Rye Straw and Abortion . 451

Value of Rye for Feeding . 451

Brittle Hoofs and Distemper in Horse. . 451
Lumpy Jaw in Calves . 451

HORTICULTURE.

The Value of Young Orchard Trees . 438

Samples of Horticultural Advice . 438

“New Process” Lime for Bordeaux . 439

Apples in Wet Soil . 440

Greenhouse Work in June . 441

Notes on Dust Spraying . 441

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 442

Magnesia In Lime . 442

Coal Ashes and Mulching . 449

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 440

Charity Sweetheart's Letters . 440

In Cherry Time . 440

Seasonable Recipes . 447

The Rural Patterns . 447

The Bookshelf . 447

MISCELLANEOUS.

Rent for Farm Machinery . 440

Editorials . 444

Events of the Week . 445

Good Roads Conference at Cornell . 445

Products, Prices and Trade . 449

Killing Ants . 450

Chestnut for Shingles . 451

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending May 27, 1905. Wholesale except other¬
wise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, in¬
quiries and observation of sales in the vari¬
ous market sections. Where possible these
figures are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat No. 2, red . — @ 96

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... — • @1.11%

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 57

Ogts, mixed . — @ 35

Rye . — @ 74

Barley . — @ 45

FEED.

Wholesale prices.

Spring bran T .

. .

@19.50

Middlings .

. 21.00

@22.50

Cotton-seed meal .

@26.00

Linseed meal .

. .

@30.00

Retail Western New

York.

Spring bran .

Middlings .

. 22.00

@23.00

. 23.00

@26.00

Red dog .

. 26.00

@27.00

@27.00

Oil meal .

@35.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . 75

No. 2 . 65

No. 3 . 50

Clover and clover mixed.... 50

Straw, long rye . 70

Short and oat . 45

@ 77 %
@ —

@ 60
@ 70
@ 75 *

@ 60

MILK.

New Y’ork Exchange price 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-eent freight zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras .

Firsts .

Seconds .

Thirds .

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.

Tubs, firsts .

Tubs, seconds .

Lower grades .

Western imitation creamery,

extras .

Firsts .

Seconds .

Western factory, firsts .

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Renovated, extras .

Firsts .

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Packing stock No. 2 .

No. 3 .

22 Vi @
21 % @
20 @
18 @
20 %@
20 %@

19 @

20 @

18y2®

18 §
17 @

16 @
i9%@
18i/2®
17 @

— @
17 @

15 @

22

21

19
22
21

20
18

19

18

19

19

18

16

18

16

CHEESE.

NEW.

Full cream, small, white, fine
Small, white, fair to ch...

Small, colored, fine .

Small, colored, fair to ch. .
Large, white, fine

— @ 10%
ioy,
ioy>
ioy,
ioy
10

_9%

~9%^
10 @

Large, colored, fine . 9 %@

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white. . 20 @

Selected, white, good to ch. 19 @

Extra, mixed . 18% @

Western, choice to fancy . 18 @

Good to prime . 16%®

Poor to fair . 15 @

Kentucky, fair to prime . 15 @

Tennessee and other Southern. 15”
Southern, poor to fair . 10

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Spy, Spitz. & Greening.2.50
Ben Davis and Baldwin. .. .2.50

Russet . . 2.25

Common stock . 1.00

Huckleberries, qt. .

Strawberries, Md. & Del . 3

South Jersey .

Virginia .

Peaches, Fla., carrier .

Muskmelons, Fla., bu. crate.
Watermelons, Fla., each....

21

19%

19

17%

16

16%

15

10

% @

16

15

1.

2.50

@3.

50

2.50

@3,

.25

@3.

25

1.00

@2.

00

—

®

18

3

@

10

5

@

10

2

@

6

2.00

@4.

00

2.50

@5.

00

» ___

@

75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes ,old, 180 lbs . 75 @1.10

Bermuda, No. 1, bbl . 3.50 @4.00

No. 2 . 2.00 ® 3.00

Southern, Rose, No. 1 . 2.00 @2.75

Chili, white. No. 1 . 2.00 @2.50

Chili, No. 1 red . 2.00 @2.25

Culls and seconds . 1.00 @1.75

Sweet potatoes, Jersey, bbl. . . .2.50 @4.00

Asparagus, Colossal, doz . 3.25 @4.00

Prime . 1.50 @3.00

Culls . 75 @1.25

Beets, new, 100 bunches . 1.00 @5.00

Carrots, new, 100 bunches. ... 1.00 @4.00

Cabbage, new, bbl . 25 @1.30

Cucumbers, Southern, bu . 1.00 @1.75

Corn, 100 . 1.50 @3.00

Celery, State & W’n, doz . 20 @ 90

Chicory and escarol, bbl . 2.00 @4.50

Egg plants, bu. box . 2.00 @3.50

Kale, bbl . 40 @ 60

Lettuce, bbl . 1.50 @2.25

Mushrooms, lb . 10 @ 60

Parsnips, bbl . — @1.00

Peppers, Fla.. 24-qt. carrier. .. 2.00 @3.00

Peas, green, bu . 25 @1.50

String beans, bu . 50 Or 1 .25

Spinach, bbl . 75 @1.00

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 50 @1.00

Rhubarb, 100 bunches of 3 to 5

stalks . 50 @1.00

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, veal, fancy . — @ 9%

Poor to good . 6 @ 9

Spring lambs, head . 2.50 @5.50

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers . 4.95 @6.00

Bulls . 3.35 @4.40

Cows . 1.90 @4.40

Dressed beef . 8%@ 9 1 '

Milch cows with calves . 20.00 @50.00

Calves . 4.00 @6.50

Sheep . 3.50 @5.00

Lambs . 6.00 @8.75

Hogs . 6.00 @6.20

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices for ton lots f. o. b. New York. Sin¬
gle bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Nitrate of soda . — @50.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit, 12 per cent potash. .. — < @12.00

Dried blood . — @45.00

Tankage . — @35.00

Bone meal . — @20.00

Peruvian guano . — @37.00

Sulphur flowers, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2%

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — * @ 5%

Since the catalogue for the breeders’ con¬
signment sale, to be held in Syracuse, N. Y.,
June 8-9, has been completed, and we have
had opportunity to look over the breeding of
the offerings from Brookside Herd, we are
almost Inclined to question the prudence of
risking the value of so many high-class ani¬
mals on the uncertain chances of a public
sale. However, we made our selections with
the intention of picking out from among our
350 Holsteins tin' finest lot of cattle ever of¬
fered in public auction. Among them are 30
whose dams average over 27 pounds, 20 with
dams over 20% pounds, and 15 with indi¬
vidual records of over 20% pounds. Worthy
of special mention is Pontiac Netherland De-
Kol, whose sire, Ilengerveld DeKol, was re¬
cently sold for $1,500. This heifer made an
official record of 19% pounds butter in seven
days, with her first calf, as a two-year-old,
and her dam has recently closed an A. R. O.
record of 22.6 pounds butter in seven days.
Others are the 24-pound cows. Tehoe DeKol
and Edith Prescott Pauline DeKol ; the 23-
pound cows, DeKol Koningen Pauline and
Clothilde Artis Topsy ; the 21 pound daughter
of DeKol 2d's Butter Boy 3d, Molly Wood
2d's DeKol 2d, with her yearling daughter
and bull calf, both sired by Beryl Wayne’s
Paul DeKol ; the two-year-old daughter of
Beryl Wayne’s Paul DeKol and Mutual Friend
2d’s Pauline, the latter being a 20% -pound
cow, whose dam was Mutual Friend 2d, with
an official record of 25% pounds: yearling
bulls from the 24-pound cow, Ed I till Prescott
Pauline DeKol, and the 23-pound cow. DeKol
Koningen Pauline, both bulls sired by
Duchess Ormsby’s Butter King: the 20-pound
cows, Ilengerveld Duchess DeKol, Martha
Dowager, Alta 3d, and others of equal quality.

THE STEVENS BROTHERS HASTINGS CO.

Laeona, N. Y.

Harvest Helps

To harvest the biggest crops
possible, in the quickest time,
in the only labor-saving
manner— send for this book
which fully explains

WALTER A. WOOD

HARVESTING

MACHINERY

This book is free and tells
everything the farmer wants
to know about harvesting
machinery made by the oldest
independent makers of har¬
vesting machines in the world.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING and REAP¬
ING MACHINE CO., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

WANTED— Young man— one who is used to farm
work. Must be strictly temperate and of good
habits. None other need apply. Write stating wages
expected. Address, A. B. C., care WM. STEVEN¬
SON, New Britain, Conn.

I ft Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason
■ Ui able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, 8S5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

REGISTERED JERSEYS— 4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.; 7
Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St, Lambert Strain. “Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

Kills lice on horses and cows
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

A New Type
of Hay Loader

The Only Loader with Floated

Gathering Cylinder having
Flexible Fingers

It’s worth any farmer’s time to in¬
vestigate a hay loader that gathers
up all the hay, but leaves the bottom
trash—

That will load anything from
lightest swath to the heaviest
windrow—

That will pick up large separate
bunches of hay, or separate
sheaves of any crop, whether bound
or unbound—

That works just as well on rough
as on level ground, and that
handles hay in a soft persuasive
way under all conditions—

That is at home in any field and
can follow the mowing machine in
every kind of crop which can reason¬
ably be called hay—

If there is any comparison between
the "rake bar” type of hay loader,
and the New Deere Loader, it is all
in favor of the new Deere.

Mechanically considered our two
cylinder loader is absolutely right in
principle.

Its gathering fingers are not “hook
formed,” consequently they pick up
hay and nothing but hay.

Once started up the elevator, the
strongest wind cannot dislodge it,
and as it nears the operator, it is
gradually compressed into a narrow-
stream, making it easy to handle.

The New Deere Loader is of dur¬
able construction, light of weight,
and draft— altogether the best loader
on the market.

Catalogue and full information
sent on request

Our goods are handled by reput¬
able dealers throughout flic country.

Your dealer will be glad to show
you the New Deere Loader and you
can see for yourself that it has all the
advantages we claim for it.

Mention this paper when writing.

Deere Mansur Company

Moline, Ill.

MILL MACHINERY

THE

American Line

combines highest quality with lowest price. Most
work with least power. All sizes Portable Mills, Edg-
ers, Trimmers, Planers, Lath and Shingle Mills, etc.
Acomplete storehouse of wood workers’ machinery
Pine book, telling all, FREE.

Am. Saw Mill Mach. Co., 610 Engineering Bldg. Raw York.

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, witli less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 10, Lima, N. Y.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK & SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D, HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N, Y.

4TTFNT Lon s

H I I til I Ivll help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty,

i. HKRZ, Gent Mgr., 99Mnntgnmery St., Jersey City,N. J.

‘•Free from the care which wearies and
annoys.

Where every hour brings Its several joys.”

“AMERICA’S

SUMMER

RESORTS.”

This is one of the most complete
publications of its kind, and will
assist those who are wondering-
where they will go to spend their
vacation this summer.

It contains a valuable map, in
addition to much interesting in¬
formation regarding resorts on or
reached by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES.

A copy will be sent free, upon receipt of a
two-ceut stamp, by George H Daniels, Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, New York Central &
Hudson River Railroad, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

DoDOACII r*2AT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoaeli Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

1

NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS.

Clark's Reversible Bush & ling Flow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Doable- Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 3(5 acres per day. His Rev. t
Disk PJow cuts a furrow 5 to 10 in. deep, p4 in. wide

All these machines will kill wltch-
grass.wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle ,
orany foul plant. Sendforcir’iars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May-be run by any ignorant boy or woman
80 well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-EPJCSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West , Montreal, P. Q.

■SO North fth St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Tenleute-Rey 71. Havana. Cuba.

1905.

449

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

COAL ASHES AND MULCHING.

In the past five j ;ars I have taken great
Interest in the different means and methods
resorted to by your correspondents for en¬
riching the soil and bringing it up to a
higher state of cultivation, causing crops to
be vigorous and thrifty with greater yields
and larger profits. In all those articles no
one appears to have a good word to say for
coal ashes. The only mention is F. I*. Ver-
gon, of Ohio, page 137 ; he advises the use of
cinders about trees as a protection from
mice. I have in mind a time when I used
coal ashes very freely. Iu the Spring of
1885 it was my lot to be living on the Pali¬
sades, and as on many a place after a severe
Winter the ashes had accumulated to such a
degree that we must get them out of the way
in order, as the gardener said, to have things
looking shipshape, so I was told to take them
to the orchard and put half a cartload about
each tree, spread three feet in diameter and
four inches thick. The next year we did
more that way ; then the second year we also
began to prune them. The trees were planted
about five years before on a dry rocky hillside
sloping to the east. When we had completed
the circle of three feet we began to widen,
as we had more ashes, to five feet. I was
on this place nine years, and the thrifty,
healthy condition of those trees speaks very
loudly in praise of coal ashes. How do your
readers explain this? As to the real value
of coal ashes as a fertilizer, we must admit
that they contain a very small amount of the
three elements that go to make up a manure,
but we cannot deny its usefulness in different
ways. We all know how long the frost stays
in an ash heap. Put about one foot deep
about a peach tree in Winter and see how
late the tree comes in bloom. It holds mois¬
ture as a mulch about trees, and keeps the
ground underneath cool. The rain spatters
the lower tree with the grit, so it retards the
troublesome borer. I never knew of a mouse
eating the bark. It keeps down the weeds.

I am a firm believer in mulching. Especially
currants, gooseberries, etc., are benefited by
a mulch. Will other readers give their views
on the different materials for mulching?

Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. G. t. k.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Potatoes. — The situation is not at all im¬
proved. The old stock is being unloaded as
rapidly as possible and it seems to be a case
of taking whatever buyers are willing to of¬
fer. The holder is not in position to put
on any pressure. The receipts of southern
new are large, but all that show good qualit"
are selling well, though not at high prices,
$2.25 to $2.50 covering a large share of the
sales. Seconds and culls are badly neglected.

Four Strawberries. — This describes most
of the berries here now. The season thus
far has been unsatisfactory to growers and
dealers. Shortage of cars held back some of
the best of the Carolina crop until it was
spoiled. The berries arriving now show dam¬
age from both drought and rain. A good
many of the Marylands in this week are
small and knotty, hard to sell at six or eight
cents. The bloom in Jersey and other nearby
sections is tine, but a soaking rain is needed
soon to prevent a crop of nubbins.

Various Green Vegetables. — String beans
from the far South are bringing very little.
Some are damaged by delays on the way and
others were too old and tough when picked.
A string bean past its prime is not worth a
long-distance trip to market, and should
never be sent anyway, as if sold it only dis¬
gusts buyers, being uneatable no matter how
cooked. Beans from North Carolina that
were not spotted by rain have sold well this
week. The above applies to green peas also,
large quantities of which have sold for 25
cents per bushel. Cucumbers have shown
very uneven quality, and cabbages likewise,
many of the latter being entirely worthless.
Taken altogether green vegetable notes for
the week make a genuine hard luck story,
very discouraging to growers.

Florida Peaches of the Honey variety are
on hand. A customer in a retail fruit store
remarked that every peach looked as though
it contained the germ of a good-sized doctor's
bill. The fruit man said he sold three dozen
to a man who ate five right there and came
back the next day for more. The Honey
peach “isn't supposed to be large," as the
fruit man remarked. Those seen now are a
little larger than a pigeon’s egg, green, with
a suggestion of red on one side, and “taste
better than they look,” which is no striking
recommendation of their quality. At present
they are bringing from $2 to $4 per standard
crate, retailing at 20 to 50 cents per dozen.

Various Metals. — The consumptive mar¬
ket in copper is particularly active, sales of
30,000 tons for domestic use being reported
during the last week ; 2,000 tons have been
sold for immediate shipment to China. There
has been heavy business in structural steel
of late, the month of May showing the larg¬
est bulk of orders for any month in two
years. A large quantity of this is for bridge
and railroad construction. As the building
trades in this city are in a fairly peaceful
condition, the crop of strikes being small at
present, a number of large building opera¬
tions in the downtown district are being

pushed rapidly. Builders during the past
two years have had a hard row to hoe. Iu
some cases work was totally held up for
months, and in one instance I know that the
employers after getting their material at
hand, fenced in their work to protect em¬
ployees from walking delegates and other
trouble makers. In pig iron trade is dull,
but showing some signs of interest. Prices
of pig iron run from $15 to $17.25; steel
billets, $22 to $23; eld metals run about as
follows: Zinc scrap, 4%; lead, 3 Mi to 4%:
brass, 7 % to 8% ; copper, liy2 to 14%.

Bro k e rs Wa n ted. — “Is

& Co., of

New York, Philadelphia and Washington, a
reliable concern? They keep sending me let¬
ters regarding investments.” s.

Pennsylvania.

I have never heard of them, do not find
them at the New York address given and
they are not in the directory. Probably their
Washington and Philadelphia branches are
equally evanescent. One can lose money fast
enough by stock speculation through suppos¬
edly reliable brokers, so it is certainly not
advisable to deal with these fellows who are
carrying their office in their hats and have
a scheme for getting mail either through
friends or private letter boxes. The proba¬
bilities are that any money sent to them
would be a genuine “hand-out.” They have
got hold of lists of names and are scattering
their oilers broadcast. Those wishing to deal
in stocks would better buy through well-
known bankers or brokers. They will not
offer so many “ground floor” opportunities or
securities that pay 20 per cent, but will han¬
dle money honestly and buy, sell and settle
up as ordered. They can get the best bar¬
gains in all stocks, so that there is no use in
dealing with wildcat concerns without the
fundamentals of honesty and sometimes no
fixed office. u.

Clown ; “I see they have a new keeper
in our menagerie. Didn’t the animals like
the old one?” Elephant: “I gues they
did; they ate him up.” — New York Sun.

“I guess I’ll send my boy to college fur
jes’ one term,” said Farmer Corntossel.
“Why for only one term?” “Well, he’s
too big fur me to handle, an’ I’d like to
try what a little hazin’ would do fur him.”
— Washington Star.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE ”

KcglHtprml Trade Mark

SPAVIN CURE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save- the- 1 1 orse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (oxcept low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Itorso may work as usual.

ftR.OO per bottle with written guarantee,
'-4* ^ Send Tor copy, «Ibo booklet and acoree of
lettern on every kind of case amt lameness. De-
scribe your own case.

At all druffgtats and dealers or express paid.

Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y.

v Advice FREE

Dr. S. A. Tuttle, a veterinary sur¬
geon of long experience has writ¬
ten a book entitled “Veterinary
Experience” on the diseases of
horses, giving symptoms and
treatment in plain terms. It Is
fully illustrated with diagrams
showing the skoleton and circu¬
it latory and digestive systems with
Ireferonces that make them plain.

- — ' Tells how to buy a horse and

know whether It is sound or not. Every horse owner
should have one. It is sent to any one.

TUTTLE’S ELIXIR

Is the only guaranteed cure for Colic, Curb, recent
Shoe Bolls and Callous. It locates lameness, relieves
and cures Spavins, Ring Bone, Cocklo Joints. Creaso
Hool, Scratchos, Catarrh, etc. Send today ana get the
book free and information about Dr. Tuttle’s specifics.

luttle’s Elixir Co. 30 Beverly St. Boston. Mass,

Avoid all blisters; they are only temporary relief.

iPAVIINOFp
CURES ■

Spavin, Ringbone, Greaso
Heel, Sweeney, Windgall,
l Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
j Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
I ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un-
' natural growths and lame-
I ness, leaving flesh smooth
Vand clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL, AFTON, N.T.
#1 no no“ ttox, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
P*aee and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

F. It. & H. J. Welcher, Newark, N.Y.

SEND at once
for sample

GAPE EXTRACTORS

l-c, apiece, or 3 for 30c. Save money and time.
Once used always used. G. E. WARD, Agent, 935
It. I. Avenue North West, Washington; I). C.

CHOICE Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks 1812.50 per loo
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

ANY handy man can
apply Ruberpid
Roofing. We sup¬
ply, free, all neces¬
sary nails, tin caps, and
Ruberine Cement for the
laps. Can be laid on a
flat or a pitched roof. Con¬
tains no tar or rubber.
Will not melt, rot or oxi¬
dize.

If you want a ready-to-
lay roofing for your barns
or your residence, which
can be depended upon to
last indefinitely with
ordinary attention, use
Ruberoid. It has been
giving the most satis¬
factory service for four¬
teen years. Send for
samples and Booklet K.
Send also for sample of

Ruberoid

Red

Roofing

A Permanent Roofing
with a Permanent Color

RUBEROID

r Is the name of the
r oldest weather proof and
elastic ready to-iay roofing on '
the market. It is to-day as it has
been for fourteen years, the only
prepared roofing which outlasts
metal or shingles. Be careful, how¬
ever, to get the genuine. You cannot
make any mistake if you look for
the registered trade mark “Ruber¬
oid,” which we stamp on the
underside of each length, every
- four feet. Avoid materials
with similar appearance
and similarly sound¬
ing names.

RUBEROID

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

The combination of ingredients
used in Ruberoid Roofing is owned
and patented solely by us.

The Standard Paint Co.

Sole Manufacturers,

100 William St., New York

fl-

Factory Net Price List.

Regular
19 & 20 Wire.

24 inch per rod, $ .28

36 “ “ “ 35

48 “ “ “ '42

60 “ “ “ .48

72 “ “ ** .54

84 “ “ “ .60

Extra Heavy
No. 17 Wire.

24 inch, $ .48
36 “ 59

48 “ .70

60 “ .85

72 “ .93

84 “ 1.00

As it Looks When Erected. 84 “ “

This fence is put up in 10 and 20 rod rolls. We accept orders for any number of rods or rolls,
and pay freight on orders for *10. or over almost everywhere. We have poultry yard gates
fence- They open both ways; are very convenient, durable and sightly.
1 rice list free. For more than five years we have been selling Union Lock Poultry and Field
Fence to farmers and poultrymen. They prize it for many reasons. It is

The Fence That Does Not Sag.

It stretches perfectly and fits uneven ground. It is easily erected. Its horizontal cabte wires
make it strong enough to turn all stock, while its 1 Yk inch meshing at the bottom keeps in the
little chicks. Extremes of heat and cold do not affect it, it adjusts for ail temperatures It is sold
at farmers’ prices. u

WE MAKE PROMPT SHIPMENTS. For this purpose we maintain mills in both Con¬
necticut and Illinois. We ship from nearest mill. Send in your order nowand be ready for an
early spring. Catalog of Farm, Poultry and Lawn fence free. Write for it.

CASE BROTHERS, 11 MAIN STREET, COLCHESTER, CONNECTICUT.

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

"r»- v Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

_ Rear them

E ldelity r ood Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.

PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bex !>■ .i>. Jameaburg, N. J.

Finely Bred Last Year Pullets ijj

Birds I have been breeding from this season. Single
tomb, White and Brown Leghorns, Black Minoreas,
White Wyandottes, White and Barred Plymouth
Rocks. LOCUST FARM, Eatontown, New Jersey.

CHKiKFlil PAPER 4 mos. trial 10c. Box R,
UUIIUnbll iHrCIl New Brunswick. N. J.

All successful Poultry Raisers
know Pratts Powd. Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan¬
dottes, It.C. Reds. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N.J,

1A/HITE WYANDOTTE*, 400 layers, bred for
w W laying and market qualities for 8 years. Plenty
of eggs $1 .50 per 15; *5 per 100: $45 per 1000. Safe arrival
E. H. DeMAR, ~

guaranteed.

Bryantville, Mass.

5,' C‘ Rd KKOS’ farm raised. Eggs from best pen,
$1 per fifteen. C. L. TURNER, Becket, Mass.

LIGHT BRAHMA Kfi

(j. GORDON, Box 63, Charleston Four Corners, N. Y.

Rose Comb W. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Eggs$l for 15: $3
for 60; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

BUFF, White Leghorns. Eggs 75c per 15. $1.25 per 30,
$2 per 60. Cir. free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, I’a

90

Dfllll TD v*000000000

| IJ IJ I I |lf We keep ev-

iDoniTDvi ifii? 1 ■ ery thing m the
^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— !
lit s our business. Call or let us send you!
Sour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
^asking— it's worth having. ‘

jExcelsior Wire <t Poultry Supply C0..1

J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City £

ooooooocm?oo(xmx)oooooq<

r,V ar’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of “What is a
Faveroile? They are free.

T ^ J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

wby not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
Y ork the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

P

EKIN DUCK EGGS

FOR HATCHING. PURE WHITE DUCKS

13 EGGS, $1.25; 26, $2; 100, $6

John H. Gamber, R. F. D., No. 1 Lancaster, Pa.

RHODE ISLAND REDS, Light Brahmas. Bar¬
red & White Rocks.White andSilverWyandottes;
hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For BIRDS,
moderate prices, or EGGS to HATCH, 6c. each, write
WALTER SHERMAN. 25 Boulevard, Newport, R. I.

RHODE ISLAND REDS. Great layers. Fine
table fowls. Eggs from prize winning stock. $1
per sitting. CHARLES KINGSBURY', Barnard, N.Yr.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New Y'ork State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs. $1 per 15: $■'> per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS. R. D, 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns' for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, York town, N. Y.

45o

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 3,

Live Stockand Dairy

WHERE THE HORSES COME FROM.

Few farmers in (his vicinity raise colts.
Some buy green horses direct from the North
or the West, but there is often trouble in get-
tine them acclimated, and for several weeks
they cannot be used. By far the larger part
of the farmers here buy the second-hand
horses sold at auction in Boston each week.
These horses do not command so high a price,
and are belter broken and more serviceable
for immediate use. No mules are used here.

Sherborn, Mass. J. e.

Nearly all horses used hereabouts are west¬
ern ; cost from $00 to $150 and $175 for work
horses. Very few horses are raised here ; we
have too little land for grazing; too valuable
for cropping. Horses selected for farmin'*
purposes weigh from 1,000 to 1,500 poun
and generally give good satisfaction. Usua. •
they are of Percheron and Clydesdale brei
and some are of native stock. Many of our
horses are purchased in the St. Louis mar¬
ket. Our horses are most desirable when
smooth and close built. d. c. lewis.

Middlesex Co., N. J.

I think most of the horses, especially farm
and team, used in this section are from the
West. As to how satisfactory they are, I
cannot say. I have three which are fairly
good. Prices vary as to quality. I think
$125 to $200 will buy a good sound work
horse 1,200 to 1,300 pounds in weight and
five to seven years old. Very few colts are
raised around here, and those mostly fancy,
not as business. I think colt raising would
more likely be profitable in a more sparsely
populated country. Biocky horses of 1,200 to
1,500 pounds weight built for work are most
wanted. Of course roadsters are wanted too.
With them prices vary exceedingly, according
to speed and style. They are a fancy article.
There are some horses brought here from
northern New York and Canada, but more
from the West. M. M.

Medway, Mass.

A good many western horses are used in
this vicinity. Seven or eight years ago a
four or five-year-old western horse could be
purchased cheaper than it could be raised,
hence horse breeding was neglected. Now,
and for the past four years, a good western
horse costs nearly twice what it did eight
years ago, so farmers are again breeding
horses, and many of them have young teams.
A good, sound, young farm horse weighing
1 ,200 or 1,300 pounds costs from $125 to
$175. The horses most in demand for farm
use are grade Percheron or Clydes of com¬
pact build and about 1,300 pounds in
weight. Some farmers say that this type of
horse is too slow, not having snap and ambi¬
tion enough. They call them cold-blooded,
and say they prefer a lighter weight horse
with more spirit, but on larger farms where
but little road work is demanded the heavier
horse is favored. E. c. gillett.

Steuben Co., N. Y.

Probably we raise half of the horses used
on the farms and in the business of this sec¬
tion. This estimate would include horses
used in the heavy work of the paper and lum¬
ber business. On the farms alone probably
three-fourths of them arc locally bred. The
horses raised here are much improved in ser¬
viceable quality over 20 years ago by the in¬
troduction of heavy draft breeds. I am sure
many of the smaller farmers could raise more
horses of the right type and make it profit¬
able. I question, however, whether It would
pay where the work is continuous and the
colts would interfere with the dairy and farm
work. I am unable to call to mind a single
instance in this section where farmers have
permitted horses to take the place of cows
who have made the change profitable. One
reason no doubt has been a lack of the right
kind of mares. The sire is depended upon
to get. stock of quality without much regard
to the dam. Prices are high. A sound six to
eight-year-old horse weighing from 1,150 to
l,3O0 pounds of substance is worth from $175
to $200. The best class of business horses
have been shipped in from western points.

Lewis Co., N. Y. it. K. c.

In relation to farm horses used in Maine
I regret to be obliged to write you that a
large majority of them come from the West,
and are sold to our people through the dealers
in Boston. For these horses weighing from
1,200 to 1,400 pounds we pay in the Boston
market from $150 to $200. These are used
for farm work, such as plowing, mowing,
hauling wood, etc., and very few of this class
of work horses are being raised in Maine.
Those who do breed and raise such horses
find it profitable, as a good home-raised colt
of this class at four years of age will readily
bring $200 or more in our own market. By
far, however, the larger part of the colts
raised In this section are bred for speed or
driving horses, and find a market in Boston
and in New York. At the present time there
is a sharp call for Maine-bred driving horses,
which are selling at the farms for $150 to

$300. Of course some sell for a great deal
more, but I am writing about the average
horse. At these prices it is certainly good
business for the farmer to raise colts here.
For a good seller we expect a horse to stand
at least 15 Vi hands high and weigh 1,000
pounds or more. Most of the colts raised
here now have good action and speed, because
in no country can a better list of stallions be
found than in Maine, and for endurance as
road horses I do not believe that the Maine
horse can be equalled anywhere. The pur¬
chase of so many farm work horses, however,
has been a serious drain on the pockets of
our farmers, as this money, a great: many
thousands of dollars annually, goes to the
farmer in the West, all of which should be
kept at home. When our farmers learn that
It Is better business to feed hay at home to
good thrifty Percheron colts that will return
them $15 per ton than to sell at the barn to
be shipped to the Boston market for $8 pei
ton, then they will be far more prosperous.

Penobscot Co., Me. s. w. gould.

Killing Ants.

What should be done to a piece of ground
that is swarming with ants? It is around
a very good pear tree, which is just about
killed. w, H.

Elmsford, N. Y.

The best way to kill ants is to find the nest
or hole and punch a crow bar down into its
center. Pour into this hole a quantity of hi?
sulphide of carbon, close the top of the hole
and cover the place with a blanket. The
fumes of this liquid are deadly to breathing
life, and will penetrate through the soil.
Those fumes will probably kill the tree.

Cow Peas in Indiana.

We have come into possession of three
acres of land; about one-half acre is very
poor, barren clay, with a gravel subsoil. We
want to improve it; it Is now hard. We pro¬
pose to sow cow peas on it this Spring, and
when they are forming pods plow them un¬
der; then sow Winter rye and plow it under
next Spring. The land is clear of humus,
and by sowing cow peas and rye, and adding
some stable manure to the rye sod during the
Winter we hope to make It productive.

Muneie, Ind. m. J. B.

This plan is a good one. We would sow
the cow peas at any time after May 20. Plow
the ground and broadcast three pecks of seed
and harrow well under. Whippoorwill, Won¬
derful or Clay are good varieties. It will
pay to use 200 pounds of good fertilizer. Do
not plow under too early, and thus sour the
ground.

Kon SiLXjE —■Genuine Arabian Stal¬
lion, 15 Vi hands, ti years, 1000 lbs; dark dapple gray,
well built, sound, elegant driver and tine saddler;
exhibited at St. Louis Fair; kind as a dog and an
elegant stock horse; cost $2000, will take $1100, J. F.
PEARSON, 63 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn. New York.

Cr» 0 Q A I |— M ALE AND FE-
“ yl\ uHLu MALE ELK ai

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan

Op Cloverdale Herd. Rooorded Stock
■ li V ■ nil ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write fm
prices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester, Mleb

0. 1. G.

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Bost strains bred from
w" ■“ w" Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

O. I- O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

STRICTLY O. I C.

Standard Bred Spring Pigs, for
sale now, sired by Busy Tom, the
great O. I. C. of to-day. M. L.
Bowersox, U.3, Bradford, Dk, Co, O.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM. Gettysburg-, Pa.

m

A fine lot of 7 Aug. an(j Sept. Boars,

and some fine J uly and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall Jitters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson. Prop.. Marbledale. Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin, Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Ilolsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton &Co., Erclldonn, Chester Co., Pa.

BARGAINS

in Gilts, Bred Sows, Pigs of all ages, sharp reduction
to reduce stock. Write now if you want some of our
Improved Large English Berkshires. Our special
Swine Powder at 5c. a lb. and method of feeding will
astonish you with results at selling time. 2c. stamp
for particulars. Nice tiling in it for agents.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO.. Fannettsburg, Pa.

ShomEly

'.-•.THE
.••ANIMALS’
>v FRIEND

every fly it strike?*,
• * when either of our patent
jauoiussAA - - BprajCr8 are used ; keeps off
the rest. Shoo-Flj is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely hai mless to man or
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cows
in pasture from ail insect
posts longer than any iniita-
______ _ tion. Halfcent’s worth saves

3 quarts milk and much flesh. NO LICE in poultry bouse or any
place it is sprayed. I fyour dealer does not kecpShoo- Fly (inndc in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough Hhoo-Fly to protect 200 cows. Name exp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free. Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50 cows in few minutes.

SH00-FLY MF’G. CO., 102G Fairmount, Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Shoo-Fly is O. K.

SHOE boils

ABS0RBINE

Will remove them and
leave no blemish. Does
not blister or remove the
hair. Cures any puff or
swelling. $2.00 per bottle,
delivered. Book 7-B Free.

ABSORB1NB, JR., for
mankind, $1.00 per Bottle.
Cures Boils, Bruises, Old
Sores, Swellings, Etc. Manufactured only by
W. F, YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass-

NO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Opr, ■
thalmta, Moon Blindness, and other Sore Eyes,
BARRY CO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

Over 30 years, 30 years old
Pratts Pood for stock.

SWISS

Cow Bells

Patented Design. Made from
Finest Quality Swiss
Bell Metal.

We sell exclust vely to the job¬
bing trado. but to introduce
these delightfully musical
toned Swiss Cow Beils more

generally, offer them singly or in sets, tuned to ac¬
cord. Made in 8 different sizes, with extra fine and
substantial straps, orsingly with or wiihoutstraps.
Send for circular of Cow, Sheep and Turkey Bells,
etc. We are the oldest Boll Makers in America.
BEV1N BROS. MFC. CO., EAST HAMPTON, CONN.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

1 1 0 LfSTE I N-FR I ESI ANS
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that w ill please you.

A special offer ou some nicely bred BULL CALVES.

A. A. COHTELYOU, Neshanie, N. J

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Headed by the two greatest Service Bulls in the
world. Is the largest herd in the world.

Offers special bargains in

SERVICE BULLS

Cows, Heifers and Calves. Yon can get anything you
want at Star Farm. Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. I>, Cortland, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A.R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
Deiiol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write tor prices ou
anything needed inHolstein-Friesians.-

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

For Sale Clieap
HOLSTEIN BULL

Two-thirds W hite. Born Oct. 15, 1004 . Sire, “Soldeno
Cloth! Ido Artis," Sire of 8 tested daughters. Dam,
“Felicia 3d,” 15 lbs. 15 oz. at 3 years. A very largo,
fine cow. He will please you and you cannot afford
to use a grade at the price l will make.

Oakland Farm. T. A. MITCHELL, Wefdsport. N. Y.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A
few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K, RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y’

i* Sale

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you‘11 get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Expensive
Feed

If you skim by the old setting method you leave
cream in the skim milk which you feed to your
stork. Tills is in reality feeding butter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take oM the butter fat out of your milk. It willin-
erease the butter production one-fifth. It will give
you warm sweet skim milk for feeding. The

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It hns a very
simple bowl construction, making
it easy to wash. 1 1 isalsotheeasiest
running of all separators. Write
for our Book iu, telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. Tilts
plan requires no payment until
the Separator has proven its
worth after five days’ trial.
Then comes a small cash
payment; the balance In
easy monthly instalments.

NATIONAL DAIRY MACniXE CO.
NEWARK, N. J.

Onpc-M Western Aeceto;

’ Hastings Industrial Co.,

LaSalle A Lake Sts., Chicago, III.

I Desirable Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory.

Regist’I) Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester While, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come sec my
stock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS

For Sale at Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old: large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertjo, No. 30100, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 10 head.

Also a few FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

P. II. McLENNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
K. DeForest Dorchester, Manager McLennan
Stock Farm, Ischua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

WHITE STRINGS EARN!
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 0340 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 0310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie7tli, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 470.2 IDs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 608.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including t ire choicest of
heifer ami bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1004 comprised 13 first,
and second prizes and oue championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

NOTE. 20 choice two year old heifers for saie at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BI LL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Pure bred Holstein-Friesian Bulland Heifer Calves
from registered and record stock. Prices moderate.
Write promptly. VV. W. CHENEY, Manlius. N. Y.

BRILL TARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows. Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Pougliquag, N. V.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or

trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

JACKS, SADDLE HORSES

AND

POLAND-CKINA HOGS.
75 MARCH PIGS,

t$I6 apiece, or #25 a pair.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky.

Kentucky Jack Farm.

A fine lotof Kentucky bred
and big black Spanish jacks
and jennets. Also one and
two-year old jacks. Young
stock for sale at all times.
W rite or see me before you
buy. Come to Kentucky if
you want a good jack.

JOE E. WRIGHT,
Junction City, Kentucky.

GEDKTEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER <>5000

Bon of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bud
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im
ported cows.

Spjoci A l.TY Young Bulls amt Heifers, all ageB.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard- Bred BLACK M1NORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plain*, N. Y.

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

IMPORTED GUERNSEY AUCTION.

Peter C. Kellogg, auctioneer, sold for Ed¬
ward T. Price, at Spotswood Farm, Broad
Axe, Pa., on May 11, 48 head of imported
Guernsey cattle. Buyers were present from
and cattle soltl to most of the New England
States, to Wisconsin, West Virginia and in¬
termediate sections. The 48 head made a
straight average of $308.13. E. C. Converse,
Greenwich, Conn, was the heaviest buyer, ob¬
taining eleven head for $5,715, an average of
$519.54 each, and among them the two high¬
est-priced animals in the sale; Geo. C.
Thomas, Jr., Chestnut Hill, Pa., secured
seven head at an average of $284.30 each;
C. A. Griscom, llaverford, I’a., bought five
which cost at an average of $271 each ; Al¬
fred G. Lewis, Geneva, N. Y„ bought four,
paying an average of $431.25 each. Dr.
Seltzer, Philadelphia, Pa., took two at $370
each, and C. S. Carr, Wheeling, W. Va., two
at close to $300 each. The demand for good
animals was far from satisfied at the close of
the sale, and a much greater number would
have found ready market. The last cow sold
brought $570, and her calf, dropped recently,
brought $90. P. .T. Casey, of Springfield,
Mass., assisted Mr. Kellogg as auctioneer.

The following classification summarizes the

sale :

16 cows averaged . $486.87 each.

16 heifers averaged . • 290.31 each.

5 yearling bulls averaged.... 233.00 each.

6 bull calves averaged . 78.33 each.

5 heifer calves averaged . 144.00 each.

Twelve of the animals brought $400 and
upwards, reaching to $1,125 for the highest,
as shown below :

Golden Chance, heifer, in milk, E. C. Con¬
verse, Greenwich, Conn . $1,125

Daisy 2d of Beaulieu, cow, eight years,

E. C. Converse . . $1 ,025

Zara of the Isle, cow, three years, E. C.

Converse . $760

Daisy of the Bordages, A. G. Lewis, Gen¬
eva, N. V . $860

Rosette of (lie Gron 1st, heifer, in milk.

C. S. Carr, Wheeling, W. Va . $570

Ramee Lady, cow, three years, E. C. Con¬
verse . $540

Esperanee of Lohiers, springing heifer, Geo.

C. Thomas, Jr., Chestnut Hill, Pa . $525

Pedro of t ho Videclins, bull, two years, E.

C. Converse . $475

Pandora of Lllyvale 2d, heifer, one year.

Geo. C. Thomas, Jr . $450

Glen of the Isle, cow, eight years, E. C.

Converse . $425

Sundari 17th, cow, five years, A. G.

Lewis . $410

Fanny du Foulon 15th, heifer, one year,

E. C. Converse . $400

_ A.

NOTES ON AILING ANIMALS .
Mange on a Horse.

I have a horse that has something like the
itch. Several horses in this neighborhood
have died with it. but it seems to be a new
disease. Everyone pronounces it itch. Do
you know anything of it? If so, is it con¬
tagious? Will other stock and human beings
catch it from the horses? What Is the rem¬
edy, if any? J. w. M.

Greenwood Depot, Va.

It occurs to me that your horses have
mange. Take one pound of tobacco stems and
boil them in 12 quarts of water, and let the
water cool. Then take a pall of soapsuds
and wash the horse from the end of his ears
to the ground, and then apply the tobacco
water before he gets dry. I think it will as¬
sist you, but this wash must be repeated at
least once in two weeks for about two months
in order to get the little insects as they hatch.

Can a Farmer Practice Dishorning?

Can you tell me whether anyone has a
right to buy a pair of dishorning clippers and
dishorn cattle as a business and charge for
the same? S.

Wayne Co.. N. Y.

I know of no law to prevent any person
from buying a pair of dishorning clippers and
using them on his own cattle, but he has no
more right to dishorn his neighbor’s cattle
without charging for it than he has to charge
for it, for as soon as he takes up the work
he takes up the veterinary profession (an oc¬
cupation not: agricultural or mechanical).
The law at the present time, in the State of
New York, says that a veterinary surgeon
must be a graduate of a three-year veterinary
college before he can register In the county
he wishes to practice in. and that any person
who has not been registered in the county
clerk's office before he attempts to practice
is subject to a fine or imprisonment, or both,
if he takes up the profession without having
registered in the county clerk’s office.

Rye Straw and Abortion.

Can you tell me if rye straw, with or with¬
out the heads on. will cause abortion in cows?
I have a heifer which has just lost her first
calf, and I can think of no cause excepting
that, as I have been told such is sometimes
the result. Also, will my heifer be likely to
come into her milk in due time, the calf hav¬
ing been about eight months old, or will she
run dry till next calf? I have never before
had a case of premature birth among my
cows. The heifer in question has had only
hay, with occasional roots or potatoes, m.

45 i

It might be that rye straw that contained
a large amount of smut may cause abortion,
but perhaps your trouble came from a lack
of proper feeding. If you will compare the
analysis of good pasture grass with the feed
that you were giving, and take into considera¬
tion that the latter is not as digestible as the
former, I think you will see your fault. A
three-year-old must consume food to sustain
the life and growth of the calf, and also to
continue her own growth, in addition to sus¬
taining her own life.

Value of Rye for Feeding.

Everybody I have asked says rye is not
good to feed to cows, chickens, pigs, etc. ; in
fact, anything that will have young. Would
you please inform me what It is good for, and
the best way to feed it? H. T.

Norwalk, Conn.

I am at a loss to know whether II. T. refers
to the medicinal effects of smut, that some¬
times grows on the heads of rye and is known
as ergot, or if he has reference to the bad
effects that rye has when fed to various do¬
mestic animals. It is true that ergot, “smut,"
when in large quantities and with poor feed¬
ing may cause abortion, but I think this is a
rare exception. It is a well-known fact that
when animals are fed on a whole diet of rye
grain or feeds, even if it does not contain the
smut, it may cause various troubles; founder
(laminitis) in horses, and cows may give bit¬
ter milk, and even the butter may have the
same taint. Swine that are fed on rye or rye
feeds have soft and flabby flesh, and when rye
flour is fed to poultry it will kill them by
collecting on the inside of the crop and bak¬
ing there. From what I have seen and know
of it it is the poorest grain crop the farmer
can grow ; in fact, I should call it a big lot
of nothing. It can be fed to swine with very
good results if.it is not ground too fine, and
is mixed with other grains in order to make
a balanced ration.

Brittle Hoofs and Distemper in Horse.

What is good for a split heel, and also a
cure for brittle hoofs? What is a good rem¬
edy for distemper? My horse is young, only
seven years old, and he Is very heavy.

Muskegon, Mich. n. e. a.

To stop the split, in the hoof take your
horse to a veterinarian or a blacksmith, and
have him cut the hoof straight across the
crack about one-half inch deep just at the
edge of the hair, and just as close to the hair
as he can, and not make it bleed. For brittle
hoofs use butter that has no salt in It. just
at the top of the hoof in the hair. To stop
his coughing give a little sugar in his feed
and to check the heaving wet his hay. Give
him one-half pail of water in the morning
and at noon, and give all he wants at night.

Lumpy Jaw in Calves.

I have several calves that have large soft
lumps under and on side of their jaws, also
one or two that have small hard lumps. What
causes it? What will cure this? I have doc¬
tored the calves for lice and skin disease with
kerosene and lard. Ilair sometimes comes off
before the kerosene and lard is applied.

Mt. Upton, N. Y. o. u. M.

I should judge that your calves are year¬
lings, and that they have actinomycosis,
known as lump jaw. It is caused by a fun¬
gus that goes down to the bone by the side
of the teeth in some way. You can try the
iodide of potassium for a few days. The dose
for a full-grown cow is from one to two
drams given once a day in water. If your
calves are yearlings you can give them about
one-half dram once a day until the tears run
from the eyes, and then skip a few days and
repeat it again. I would advise you to dis¬
pose of all that are so affected. If you will
wash your calves all over once in two weeks
with tobacco water or some good sheep dip
I do not think they will have any lice or skin
disease. m. i>. williams, d. v. s.

CHESTNUT FOR SHINGLES.

Durability of Chestnut Shingles. — Re¬
plying to* J. F. T., page 273, in regard to
chestnut shingles for roofing, in 1886 I had
occasion to rebuild my farm barn and used
chestnut shingles to cover. I assume that
what the inquirer wants to know more than
anything else is their durability, which is
not what the little boy said about the chest¬
nut rails his father used that would last for¬
ever, for his father had tried it twice. In
my own case, the barn above alluded to, I
should think was quarter pitch and the shin¬
gles lasted well about 15 years. Since then
I have been obliged to patch more or less,
and this year I expect to replace them with
chestnut, if I can get them sawed ; If not,
shall buy sawed hemlock. I think if the roof
was steep and the shingles were from young
and thrifty timber they would last 20 'vears
or more. m. e. m.

Guilford, N. Y.

Years ago we here used to make chestnut
shingles by boiling the bolts and slicing them
off. But my uncle tells me that they were
not very satisfactory. h. h. h.

Milton, N. Y.

Chestnut shingles are very serviceable, and
when made from good sound timber will last
from 20 to 30 years. They were in use in
this section very extensively 40 to 50 years
ago, but the shipbuilding Interests for which
our section of the State is noted have worked
into this kind of timber to such an. extent
that their use is discontinued and cedar used
instead. Considerable cedar is cut locally,
but most of the shingles come from other
States. chas. q. eldridge.

Connecticut.

AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

of watering cattle in the stable will
more than pay for itself the first two
months from the increased product of
the dairy. I<8 popularity at home is
the best recommendation it can have
— Over 2,000 of these BASINS
are in use on 60 farms within a radius
of five miles of Amenia, New York.

If you keep cows, write me— 1 shall be
glad to answer all questions and give
full information.

B. H. FRY, Manufacturer. Amcnia, N. Y.

A Perfect Machine

The Reid Hand Separator is built along the lines of
honesty, simplicity and effect¬
iveness. No standing on tip¬
toe to All can or getting on your
knees to clean or adjust. 1 1's a
tune-saver— a money-saver, and
the best hand separator made.
Will last a life-time. The

Reid Hand
Separator

is guaranteed to do just
what is rlaimed for it, and
it the buyer is not satisfied
with it, the money will be
refunded. Credit and 30
duns' free, trial , t f desired.
W rite at once for catalogue.

A. H. REID CREAMERY &
DAIRY SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia.

Agents 1 — Wean & Co., Minneapolis, Minn., and
Mower- liar wood Co., Cedar Rapid*, Iowa.

No more sick cows
Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR ANO
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

DIRTV MOLASStS, M ILL TCCO OB REFUSE

■ t*»l Food (or Stork »t quarter the coat ol Stock Foot!.
.Recommended by Agricultural Experiment StAllonaaiv
^thousand, oi Farmrra. Write lor ,aai|ilei and price..

THE BARWELL MILLS, Waukegan, lll.„

' Un t ru

NO D
t**t

^^KRecomi
^ thou*

NkJH

J9t

Foots.

» «nd

:X

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y’. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal. See guarantee, page 8.

Tubulars Find Gold
in Milk

Good butter Is worth 20 to 30 cents a
pound. Butter is worth only one
cent a pound as stock food, yet farm¬
ers using gravity skimmers — pans
and cans that leave half the cream in
tne milk — feed that half the cream
to stock, then wonder why dairy¬
ing don’t pay.

Can’t find gold with¬
out digging. Can’t
make dairying pay
big profits without
getting all the
cream.

TUBULARS

Dig Right Down

to the paying level
— squeeze the last
drop of cream out of milk-
make dairying pay. Tubulars
are the only modern separators.
The picture shows them. Write for
catalogue G-153.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

MILK OIL DIP j.

Cattle, Sheep, -
Hogs.

Oldest American Dip. Cheapest,

Most Effective, Strongest obtainable.

1 gal. can #1 - 52 gal. barrel $40.

Catalog Stockmen’s Supplies Free.

F. $. BURCH & CO.. 144 Illinois Street, CHICAGO.

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200sizcs: also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11. Coblosklll, N. Y.

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERN ATI ON A L
SILO COMPANY, Box SfS, Jefferson, Ohio.

100% ON YOUR MONEY
EVERY YEAR

FOR TWENTY YEARS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

This is the marvelously good investment that
more than 600 000 users have actually found the
DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR to be.

With the average number of cows a DE
LAVAL machine saves and earns its whole cost
the first year, which it continues to do yearly for its
established life of fully twenty years more to come.

There surely isn’t another such investment,
either on the farm or off it, open to anyone having
cream to separate. Why delay making it ?

As for the first cost, if you have the ready cash
of course there is a fair discount for it, but if not
any reputable buyer may secure a DE LAVAL ma¬
chine on such liberal terms that the machine

actually pays for itself.

Send at once for catalogue and full particulars

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Dhumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Stkeet,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

452

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 3, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLES A L.K PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers

Jtroflts. In use 61 yars. Officially Endorsed by the
irange. Low prlcea will surprise you. Wrife for Samples
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 pur cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. 1HAK6ES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. I),
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VeeeySt., New York

HARNESS

TTe sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And wc warrantitto be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CO., « Lake 8t.,Owego, Tioga Co.,X.Y.

BALES 1S HAY

Bale Jlay

Gem and Victor Presses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy.
38 years — 1 8 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say Hay Press to GKO. EKTEL CO., Quincy, 11L

SEPARATORS AND POWERS

fbr 1, 2 and 3 horsea ; level or even tread.

Sweep Powers, 2 to 8 horse; Hand _

^ free

and Tower Corn Shcllers, Feed Cutters; Feed~Mills; Saws; Steel
and Wood Rollers; Engines, 3 to 25 H. P., mounted or stationary.

THE ME88INGEK MFG. CO., Tatamy, Pa. w

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample S'g H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. It. A. Dtssinger &

400 Cherry Street

Wrlgflitsville, I'cium.

POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Oiir3-H.P." BEAT ’EM ALL”
Pumper, only $110. Our 3^ to 4-
H.P. “WATERLOO BOY’
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, - Iowa.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $160.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Thrre Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Seud for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

OLDS

ENCINE

/nWTZAI

RD
engine:

WITH

pump

LJACK

ARE USED
BY THE

1. s.

GOVERN¬

MENT

Insending out their last specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.
War Department required them ‘‘to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all
others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing,

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile ) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing ail sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.

New York Age*ts : B . H. »eyo & Co. Binghamton, N . Y

$1000. CASH

O

C3

13

JR BOYS, GIRLS, WOMEN *5? MEN.

R n n nr boy or girl under

il 1 ifl Sll 18 yfi? er writing tho larg-

\J UllUIl iO ^ ix months of age.

$25 Cash

>0 • v

E AnnV» jy boy or girl under

ll I irl Nil 18 ycAint- ago raising the larg-
\J vUUll est colt to six months of age.

$25 Cash

(E fin nil nr For any boy or girl under
III ImAll 18 years of age raising the larg-
IU U14U11 cat lamb to four months old.

$25 Cash

A n -."L $£T*For any woman reporting
III the largest amount of butter

V/ VIAULI from one cow for any 90 days.

$25 Cash

|R AnnVi any woman reporting

III tin Nil t*10 *ar8e8* amount of milk

1 \J UllUIl from one cow for any 60 days.

$25 Cash

A AnnVi For *ny 111,111 or woman re-

III 1 |fl \|1 PortmK the largest amount of
u UliUil milkfrom5cows,forany00 days.

$25 Cash

A AnnVi For any man, woman or boy

ill 1 . U [I raising largest number of pigs
' \J UliUli from 5 sows to 4 months of age.

$50 Cash

|D Ann Vi ^ f°r any man > woman or boy
.{I 1 jrIU[l raising largost number of pigs

1 1/ UllUIl from 1 sow to 2 months of age.

$25 Cash

1 E An nVl For any°n® reporting larg-

lll 1 ■ /j Vk 1 1 est number of pigs farrowed by

U UU.DLI one sowjdead and alivecounted.

$25 Cash

$125 Cash
$25 Gash
$125 Cash

•xT For anyone showing larg¬
est gain for one car load of
steers for any 90 days.

For anyono showing largest
gam for two steers for any
90 days.

•T* For anyone showing larg¬
est gain for one car load of
hogs for any 90 days.

$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash

©y For anyone showing largest
gain for 10 hogs for any 90 days.

9GT For anyone raising the larg¬
est hog to six months of age.

PfFor anyone showing the
greatest gain for one hog for
any 90 days.

#lf*For anyone reporting the
largest gain for one mule in
any 60 days.

ffiTFor anyone reporting the
largest gain for a horse or mare
in any 60 days.

For anyone reporting small¬
est amount grain used for team
working every day any 60 days.

fFTTor anyone reporting the
largest gain for 26 sheep for
any 90 days.

*^For anyone reporting the
largest wool clip from 5 sheep.

For anyone reporting larg¬
est gain in 10 sheep any 90 days.

For anyone reporting the
largest gain for five goats for
any 90 days.

9ir For anyone reporting larg¬
est wool clip from five goats-

*3" For anyone reporting the
largest number of first prizes
won atfairs in 1905 for one ram.

Sore And Ssve This Premium List For Ke!erence.“^J|

Those Premiums are open to any Man, Woman, Boy or Girl In the world on the following conditions:
••International 8tock Food” Is to bo fed to all competing animals. The time limit is, for reports on
animals and the tests, for any time between May 1st, 1905, and May 1st, 1906. You can select any
months for yourtosts during thiB specified time. Wo do not require you to feed any certain amount of
••International Stock Food,” but leave the matter of amount used to your own judgment. Feed as
much of “International Bteck Food” as you think will give you the best paying results. If two or more
inako tho same report the money will be divided equally* At the end of your test we require your
written statement as to time you started your test, the amount of “International Stock Food” used and
the result, and this statement to bo signed by yourself and two witnesses. Animals competing for one
prize must not be reported for any other prize. Each prize must be won by different animals. If any
report appears to contain a self evident error, we reserve tho right of asking party to make a sworn
statement. Q&'You Must Send For One Of The Dan Patch Colored Lithographs, Offered Free On This
Page, If You Hare Not Received One. Wo would like a photograph of the animals before and after test,
but we do not require It. The results, including name and address, will he published In all
leading “Farm Papers,” having over Fivo Million Farmer Subscribers. Premiums will be decided by ns
on the written statements which will be open for public Inspection at any time*

International Stock Food"

3 FEEDS ESS ONE CENT

Is sold by over One Hundred Thousand Dealers on a “Spot Cash Guarantee” that the use of one ton will
Make You $360.00 not profit over its cost, or that one hundred pounds will make you $18.00 net profit.
If It ever fails your money will be promptly refunded. “International Stock Food” is prepared from
powdered medicinal Roots, Herbs, Seeds and Barks and is equally good for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats,
Hogs. Colts, Calves, Lambs cr Pigs. It is fed In small amounts mixed with grain and purifies the blood,
tones up and strengthens the system and greatly aids digestion and assimilation so that each animal
obtains more nutrition from all grain eaten. It will always make you more money than you can possibly
make without its use. It also Cures and Prevents Many forms of Disease and is absolutely harmless
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MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., U. S. A.

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TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
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Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
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' for what you want and prices. JOHN H. JACKSON, 78 Third Are., Albany, N.Y.

OHIO

” Self Feed
Blower

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will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
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No. 14, 12 to 15 tons per hour In 1-2 Inch lengths. Power 8 to 10 H. P. Steam.

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And they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 Self Feed Cut-
ters, both with Blower and Chain Elevators.

More money can be made out of milk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 68%c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage $.>.8oH}, with
Grain State

Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay and 4 pounds
of gratp as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 40 per
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silage costs about *L.50
per ton in silo. Catalog shows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of “Ohio’’ Cutters. “Modern Silage
Methods’’ tells everything about
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and results. Price 10c., coin or
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Mention this
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ine A. If. OliaUD 10. 47-49 CanalSt., Chicago, Ill

VICTORY FEED MILL.

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fd for wind and tread power.

lade in four sizes for 1,4,8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.
THOS. ROBERTS,
92. Springfield, O.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2889

NEW YORK, JUNE 10, 1905.

WEEKLY', $1.00 PER YEAR.

GREENS UNDER GLASS.

A FLORIST WHO GROWS NO FLOWERS.

How Foliage is Prepared for Market.

VARIEIIES GROWN. — Foliage for the cut flower
trade is now an important branch of glass gardening,
and while a number of ferns are used the stock ma¬
terial is confined to smilax and climbing asparagus.
Several of the graceful maidenhair ferns
are grown for fine decorative work, but
this may be regarded as a separate branch
of the foliage business. In addition to
the aesthetic value of the asparagus vines
they can be economically grown in large
quantities, and they are very lasting,
whereas maidenhair ferns quickly deteri¬
orate. A recent visit to an establishment
in the “rose belt” of New Jersey, where
between 95,000 and 100,000 feet of glass
are devoted to “greens,” shows this cul¬
ture under factory conditions.

SMILAX CULTURE. — The entire area
of glass at this place is in asparagus,
only three things being grown, smilax
(Asparagus medeoloides), A. plumosus
nanus and A. Sprengeri. The smilax is
sown as soon as the new crop seed is
received, usually in January and Febru¬
ary. The seed is grown in California, and
sells for about $1 a pound. Old-time
florists used to grow their own smilax
seed, but in a foliage factory, where four
full crops, and sometimes a fifth, are cut
in a year, the strings are not expected
to reach the fruiting stage. The seed is
sown in flats (shallow boxes) about one-
fourth inch deep, and kept in a temper¬
ature of 60 to 65 degrees. Most grow¬
ers transplant the seedlings into pots or
other flats when they have made a little
growth, but at the place visited the seed¬
lings are planted out on side benches at
10 or 12 weeks in three to four inches
of soil, the plants being 2(4 inches apart
each way. They are kept in the same
temperature, and the little plants are
pinched back (we might call it pruning)
three or four times before they get their
final shift. This is for the purpose of
making them strong and stocky.

PLANTING THE CROP.— About June
or July the plants are put where they will
make their crop, in the center bench of
the greenhouse, with enough headroom to
produce a five or six-foot string. Many
growers put smilax in a solid bed, run¬
ning it for two or three years before re¬
planting, but here it is only run one year,
and the bench is preferred. The soil is
sod and cow manure, such as would
be selected for roses, but made very rich,
as smilax is a gross feeder. The plants
are set 8 x 8 inches apart; if small, light
plants, two axe set together. The plant¬
ing may be described as quite similar to
the setting of small strawberry plants. A
stout wire is put across the bed at each
row, and another parallel wire across overhead, strings
extending by each plant from the lower wire to the
one above. The material used is green silkoline, made
for the purpose, which does not show when the string
is cut. Old-time florists who have struggled to draw a
stout white cord out of a twisted string of smilax can
appreciate the reason for the green twine. Light shade
is given when the smilax is first planted. It will be
ready to cut from the middle to the end of August,
and a crop is then expected every six or seven weeks.

1 he side benches of the house are planted with aspara¬
gus, from which sprays are cut instead of strings.

GENERAL CARE. — In cutting, an effort is made to
cut evenly over the bed, which is at once restrung.
I he plants are given less water until growth begins
again; if watered too freely after cutting the smilax
suffers; foliage curls and grows yellow, and one crop
is lost. Ordinarily smilax takes a good deal of water,

SUBSTITUTING FOR HIRED MAN IN WEST VIRGINIA. Fig. 188

A PENNSYLVANIA WOMAN HELPS UNLOAD. Fig. 189

but it must be given with discretion, and the inexperi¬
enced grower may gain a good deal of melancholy ex¬
perience before he learns just what a sufficiency of
water is. Under ideal conditions there should be no
insect pests or fungus diseases in a smilax house, but
sometimes in extremely warm, dry weather there is a
visitation of red spider, which is removed by vigorous
syringing. Thrips and green fly are also occasional
visitors, which are removed by fumigating with tobacco,
but the grower interviewed, who markets from 40,000

to 50,000 strings of smilax a year, says fumigation is
rarely needed. Fire heat is given from the middle to
the end of September, or whenever the temperature in
the houses begins to drop to 50 degrees at night. The
whitewash shading, put on when the smilax is planted,
is allowed to wash off in the Fall.

SOIL AND RESETTING. — These benches of smilax
are only run one year. When time for planting comes
again they are emptied of plants and soil,
and reset. The boards in the bottom and
sides of the bench aire whitewashed
roughly, as a cleansing agent, and then
filled with soil. The cow manure used is
from stockyards where little or no bed¬
ding is used, and is very rich; about 200
tons have been used this year, costing
$1.75 to $2.50 a ton. The sod used costs
$2.50 a load ; 300 to 500 tons are used an¬
nually. The spent soil removed from the
benches is sold to jobbing gardeners, who
use it for top-dressing lawns.

ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS.
— This feathery vine, which is often called
asparagus fern, unites great durability
with the most delicate beauty. It is not a
dwarf variety, as the adjective Nanus
would imply, but is distinguished from
the type, A. plumosus, by the fullness and
flatness of the fronds, which are much
more desirable for decorative work, and
also by the fact that it cannot be propa¬
gated by cuttings. Commercial propaga¬
tion is by seeds, though it can also be
increased by division of the plants. The
seed is sown, like smilax, just as soon as
the new seed comes into market, usually
about January. Most of it is greenhouse
grown ; some comes from Florida and
Carolina, some from California, and much
from growers here in the North, many
florists ripening the seed they use them¬
selves. It is sold by the thousand seeds,
the price varying from $2.25 to $5 a thou¬
sand seeds. The highest price is paid for
greenhouse stock, because it comes in at
the most convenient time. The California
crop, coming in about February, is late
for growers of cut fronds, but suits those
who wish to grow plants for fernery and
basket use. It is very necessary that the
seed should be pure; the type plant (A.
plumosus) does not produce as many
sprays at the bottom, and is less compact,
so if carelessness has permitted it to
creep in among Nanus it means a decided
loss. Cases have been reported where ir¬
responsible sellers have mixed seed of
common field asparagus with the foliage
variety, which would cause irremediable
loss to the grower.

STARTING ASPARAGUS.— This is
sown in flats like the smilax. It often lies
six weeks before germinating; 30 days is
a short period for it. When 10 or 12
weeks old the little plants are shifted from
the flats to a bench where they are planted
out. Here they remain until June, July
or August, according to growth and convenience, when
they are replanted on side benches, where they spend
the Winter. The plants do not run to vine the first
year, hence the old-time growers made no profit on
asparagus until over a year old. Under these newer
methods, however, sprays are cut all the first Winter,
and a strong, stocky plant is provided for permanent
planting the next year. In June or July of the second
year — that is, about 18 months fiom the time the seed
was sown — the plants are set in solid beds, where they

454

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 10,

are strung like smilax. The wires, however, are heav¬
ier than those used for smilax, and the strings arc a
strong green and white flax twine, as the asparagus
makes a very heavy vine.

FURTHER CULTURE. — It will be understood that
the solid bed is upon the ground, with about 10 inches
of soil, instead of the four or five inches of the bench.
There are no boards or concrete at the bottom ; the
subsoil is broken up to allow drainage, and the soil
filled in. Asparagus strings are from 8 to 15 feet long,
and some grow it in houses 20 to 30 feet at the ridge,
but here the houses are only 18 feet. The very lofty
houses are expensive to heat, causing waste of coal,
which a factory florist cannot afford. Nicety in water¬
ing is required; if too dry asparagus gets red spider;
if too wet or if poorly drained, it turns yellow. The
solid beds run three to four years without replanting.

ASPARAGUS SPRENGERI.— This plant forms
graceful, drooping sprays, but does not run, so string¬
ing is not required, and it is carried on side benches.
The seed is sown in Summer, as soon as it arrives,
and in Fall potted off in two-inch pots. It is kept
growing, and shifted as required so that by the follow¬
ing Summer it is in four or five-inch pots, when it
is planted in the bench. Cutting starts in the Fall,
about September or October. Sprengeri is a very gross
feeder, and rrtust be highly fed. By the end of the
first season it will need a mulch of cow manure, and
after that it must be mulched twice in the season with
the manure, with some light top-dressing of soil, as the
roots come to the surface. The plants arc run for two
to three years; they could be run four, with proper
feeding, but by that time the hemlock boards of the
bench are rotten, and it must be rebuilt. Thrips are
troublesome in Summer, and Sprengeri must be care¬
fully watered; if too wet it rots.

FLORISTS’ FERTILIZERS.— It will be noted that
nothing is said about horse manure. Florists do not
like it ; cow manure is always their staple plant food,
with blood, bone and sheep manure as tonics for
the juveniles. The solid beds will need mulching the
first Spring, sometimes the first IWinter. The sheep
manure and blood and bone are used on Plumosus
whenever the surface is stirred; probably a 100-pound
bag on a bed 200 x 10 feet. Sometimes more than this
is given, and at about two-week intervals, but the
grower watches his plants as carefully as a poultry fat-
tener watches his birds. With Sprengeri the surface of
soil is not stirred, because there are too many roots
there; the weeds are cut, and the mulching given.
Liquid manure is excellent where a tank is arranged
under pressure, so that it is applied through pipes
and hose ; without such arrangement it takes too much
labor. Many growers top-dress their smilax, but at
the place visited this is not done ; the soil is made
rich enough to last through the season. No chemical
.fertilizers are used. Sometimes an asparagus bed will
only last two years, as a result of the heavy feeding,
forcing and constant cutting. At this foliage factory
the effort is to reduce labor by every expedient, while
running the place at fullest productive capacity. In
other words, it grows foliage in the same systematic
way that a cotton mill turns out textiles, and this
accounts for remunerative returns at a time when many
flower growers feel a certain anxiety over dwindling
profits and increasing expenses. E. T. R.

A VETERAN'S ARGUMENT FOR SILAGE .

I have depended largely on silage as roughage for
dairy stock for 15 years. I think my experience teaches
that 40 pounds silage is equal to 20 pounds best clover
hay, counting roughage onlv, but with silage corn
planted as we do in this section, rows 3)Z feet apart,
drilled in the row one stalk to 15 inches, we get fairly
good ears if season is favorable. This very much en¬
riches the silage, so that dairy cows fed 40 pounds such
silage will not require more than one-half as much
grain as those fed on 20 pounds clover hay, and I feel
confident that cows so fed with four pounds grain to
balance will keep in better condition and give more milk
than those fed 20 pounds clover hay and eight pounds
grain. Owing to the more protein needed to balance
silage I estimate that four pounds -protein feed will
cost five cents and eight pounds of the more carbona¬
ceous will cost eight cents. Counting clover hay at $10
per ton, 20 pounds cost 10 cents on this basis; then
allowing 10 cents for 40 pounds silage this will equal
$5 per ton value for silage. In addition to this, if we
add to the value of silage the saving in the cost of
grain feed, three cents per day, we save over clover
hay in feeding a ton of silage $1.50, thus giving the
silage a value of $0.50 per ton as compared with clover
hay at $10 per ton. With this system of silage feeding
I believe that we can produce milk during the Winter
season, with good warm stables, as cheaply as we can
on grass during the Summer, thus better equalizing the
milk production throughout the whole year, giving the
dairymen much better prices for milk. With my own
herd I get as much milk during the six Winter months
as I do during the Summer. I have endeavored to

bring out two points that I think all should be interested
in : First, the value of silage ; Second, what does it
cost to produce milk during the Winter season com¬
pared with the cost during the Summer.

Belmont Co., O. _ l. p. bailey.

IOWA EXPERIMENTS AT COUNTY POOR

FARMS.

Two years ago this past Winter the Farmers’ Insti¬
tute of Sioux County requested the Board of Super¬
visors to appropriate $300 for the carrying on of exper¬
iments with corn, oats, Alfalfa, potatoes, etc., on the
County Poor Farm. The Board of Supervisors granted

AN EAST TENNESSEE MOUNTAIN CABIN. Fig. 190.

$250, and instructed the steward to use more, if it was
necessary. The following year five other counties in
the State took up the work in a similar manner, and
this year there are a dozen or more counties in line,
with the prospect of as many more another year. I
have just returned from visiting two of the counties
where they are doing the work for the first time, and
the other count}' mentioned above, which was the first
county in the United States to take up this kind of
work. The people seem to take an interest in this
movement, and, in my estimation, it is really one of the
most important in the agricultural movements, and is
bound to spread rapidly in the United States, first, be¬
cause the people take a great deal more interest in
these things at home, and second, there is such a great
difference in soils and crops grown in the different

parts of the State, that the experimental work must be
extended to these different sections. This, of course,
must be carried on in co-operation with the State Ex¬
periment Station, so that the work may be done in a
definite way, and the results available. Last year two
of the counties invited the farmers and their families
to visit the county experiment station and bring their
lunches so as to spend the day. Two or three from the
college were present to help in explaining the work
and to give talks on these occasions. In one county
there were something like 2,000 present, and in the
other more than 2,500. We are planning a considerable
extension of this work for another year. The plan is

to confine the experiments in a given county to the
things of greatest importance to the people of the
vicinity. Our plan is to send a man from here to start
the work, during planting time, and as much of the
other time as is necessary. lie stays through the plant¬
ing, and will again take charge of the work of harvest¬
ing, weighing and recording of results, etc. These re¬
sults will then be published in the local papers and in
pamphlet form for distribution. Where it is of value to
the rest of the State it will be included in the exper¬
iment station publications. p. g. holden.

Iowa Exp. Station.

R. N.-Y. — As indicating the line of experiments
suitable at such poor farms we give extracts from a
letter written by Prof. Holden to the Jefferson Co.
(Iowa) Board of Supervisors. This county has just
appropriated $200 for such experiments :

I would suggest that you arrange to carry out two or three
lines of work which I consider important. One of them is
the testing of the different kinds of corn grown in your
county. Our experiments have shown conclusively that
there are many kinds which are yielding eight and ten and
even twenty bushels less per acre than certain other kinds
grown in the county, and yet the farmers have no way of
finding out how their corn compares with that of their neigh¬
bors. Samples of corn should he gathered from over the
county and planted side by side, repeating the experiment
three or four times in order to insure accurate results. In
order to make the conditions absolutely the same for each
variety they would have to be planted by hand in most cases,
although it would be well to repeat them with the machine,
planted so as to determine how well they are adapted to
the planting by machine. It would also be important to
test the number of kernels to the hill to determine, if we
can, about what thickness the corn should be planted to
give, one year with another, the best results. This would
have to be repeated a number of times,, I would also sug¬
gest that the different varieties of corn that have been bred
in Illinois and other places be tested to determine whether
they are in any way superior. I would also arrange for a
test with the growing of some Alfalfa, as it is bound to be¬
come one of the crops of the State sooner or later. A small
field of this, say two or three acres, can be put. In in the
Spring, but I would suggest that you make an experiment
with Alfalfa sown In August, after the oats are removed.

I would also suggest that you prepare a test with Fall and
Spring plowing. _

WHICH FIELD FOR ALFALFA ?

If the land lying next the river referred to on page
42.3 is not frequently overflowed so as to drown out
the Alfalfa it might seem that this is the best location
for it. Alfalfa requires a porous subsoil, and a gravelly
loam soil is one of the best. Sand does not seem to
be so desirable, although if a top-dressing of manure
or straw can be supplied there is usually little diffi¬
culty in securing a stand on the sand. When once
well established in the sand it seems to do very well.
He speaks of light soil on high ground, but does not
state the character of the subsoil. If it is a porous
subsoil, no doubt it would grow Alfalfa to good ad¬
vantage, but if hardpan then it likely would not. He
certainly cannot grow Alfalfa on the swamp land until
after it has been drained, and even then the probability
is that he would not reduce the water table sufficiently
low to make the growing a success. I have not ob¬
served many instances where Alfalfa has grown well
on muck land. j. L. stone.

Cornell University.

PLAN FOR A NEW ENGLAND ORCHARD.

On page 354 I notice a plan for planting a Connecti¬
cut orchard in which it is proposed to set permanent
apple trees 33 feet apart in squares, place a quick¬
growing variety of apple in the center of the square as
a filler, and fill in to 16l/2 feet apart with peach trees.

While we are not familiar with conditions in Con¬
necticut, we cannot advise definitely for that locality'-,
but the plan struck us as having considerable merit.
This may be because the writer has just finished setting
a Michigan orchard on the same plan, except that the
permanent apple trees were placed 36 feet apart instead
of 33, leaving the peach trees 18 feet apart. Like the
writer, we have never seen a plan just like this
recommended, but thought it combined features of
merit from several plans. The peach trees should
pay for cost of setting and caring for the orchard be¬
fore they are ready to come out; after this the tem¬
porary apple trees should produce some profits ; and
when they are gone we have a bearing orchard of per¬
manent trees with all previous expense cancelled. We
have no experience with a bearing orchard of this

kind, but have made orchard plans a subject of some

study and believe that this plan is as desirable as can
be followed.

For Michigan conditions we would prefer planting
the trees farther apart than 33 and 16 '4 feet unless the
land be quite valuable, though we have seen peach
trees as close as twelve feet in the high-priced fruit
belt land. Our apples are intended for a general mar¬
ket like Chicago and are about equally divided among
the four following varieties : King, Grimes Golden,

Jonathan, and Wagener. Our peaches are intended for

a home market and comprise a succession of varieties
from early to late, including Dewey, St. John, Elberta,
Kalamazoo, Crosby, Fitzgerald, Gold Drop, Engels
Mammoth, Smock, Marshall’s Late, and Salway. We
should also like to hear criticisms of the plan and
varieties. s. b. h.

Athens, Mich.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

455

HOW THE FARM WOMEN HELP.

The pictures on the first page show what happens
during harvest on some farms. One shows a West
Virginia family stacking oats. This is a job that must
be clone just when the work is ready, and all hands
have turned out prepared to do their share. The other
scheme is described by our friend, H. L. Detweiler, of
Chester Co., Pa.

“The Madame in the picture does not object to lead¬
ing the trusty horse in haying time, and it helps us
very much. It can readily be seen the picture is a ‘snap
exposure’ by my own camera. The building in the
foreground shows one side of our double corn crib,
and shows what two young farmers with necessary in¬
genuity and proper tools may build. We built it en¬
tirely ourselves, including the masonry walls beneath.
Much of the lumber we had seasoning for two years.
We can unload cither outside, or by driving in. At the
time this was taken, it was not finished. This will be
the Winter quarters of our 12 horse-power gasoline en¬
gine, and our feed grinder will be under the adjoining
building, hence all our grinding will be handily done.”

EXTRA HAND POWER ON A PUMP.

In answer to N. J. IT., New York, who, in your col¬
umn headed “Want to Know,” page 416, asks for sug¬
gestions on rigging a hand attachment for a pump, I
send the following: He states that his pump has a
six-inch cylinder which allows for a movement of six
inches up and down on the pump rod. T have assumed
that he means six inches total movement, or three
inches up and three inches down from a normal position.
In other words, a six-inch stroke. If this is not the
case, the sketch I send will not do, as it is dimensioned
for a six-inch stroke pump, and a movement of a
foot either way from the vertical on the top of the
lever where you grasp it to pump. Now, by way of ex¬
planation of the sketch, Fig. 191, it illustrates my sug¬
gestion of building a small platfown (say 5x3 feet)
over the pump, on which to stand when working it, and
to push and pull on the vertical lever, which moves
through an arc of two feet. It is possible to get much
more power this way without getting so tired, especially
as the pump is double action, and would, with an up
and down motion soon put a “crook in the back.” If
your correspondent feels that he would like to rig up a
hbrse-power pump, I would gladly sketch him out a
suggestion. j. w. j.

Roxborough, Pa; _

THE VALUE OF AN ORCHARD TREE.

A few years ago a prominent fruit grower of Mis¬
souri told me that he had adjusted a good many claims
against the K. C., Fort Scott and Memphis Railroad
for fruit trees destroyed by fire. They had adopted a
schedule of values which seemed to be fair, and which
was acceptable to both the growers and the railway
company. It was $1 for a tree one year planted, $2
for a two-year-old, $3 for a three-year-old, and so on
up to 10 years, when a tree was assumed to have
reached full bearing. Trees 10 years or over were
valued at $10. At this valuation, orchards of 60 to
100 trees to the acre, as they are planted here, would
be worth $600 to $1,000 per acre, a price very much
above what the best of them would bring. There are
values, however, aside from the commercial value, which
most property possesses. No one wants a ragged or¬
chard, and while most growers would be glad to sell their
orchards at the rate of $10 per tree, I think very few
would be willing to have trees destroyed here and
there, even at that price. But viewed from a commer¬
cial standpoint, $10 is not such a large price for a
thrifty tree in full bearing. It need produce only an
average of two bushels annually to pay an interest of
from eight to 20 per cent on that valuation, so I think
my Missouri friend’s schedule is not too high, and is
probably as near justice to both parties as can be ob¬
tained. w. D. CELLAR.

Kansas. _

AN EXCELLENT CONNECTICUT SILO.

After all that has been said and written in favor of
silos and how to build them, at almost every farmers’
institute there are inquiries about them. I am still of
the opinion, after 14 or 15 years with them, that a dairy¬
man who keeps 10 or more cows cannot afford to be
without one silo or more. Its advantages, in short, are
Summer pasturage in Winter, which is the ideal feed
for a cow; a large amount of food from a small acre¬
age; comparative ease in handling the bulky, heavy corn
crop without waste or loss; a steady, even feed that you
can depend on for results right along. The ups and
downs of different kinds of hay and other roughage
are avoided. Small space stores a vast amount of food,
and nowhere near so large a territory needs to be
farmed to handle a given amount of stock as on the old
hay and corn fodder plan. This last has been quite an
item with us, as before the silo we had to cut hay on a

lot of farms to carry our stock. Now it is all cut on
our own farm, and we sell lots of hay besides. I know
a good many who by the use of the silo now sell hay
annually who before could scarce raise enough to sup¬
ply their own wants. Usually the silo means more
stock, which means more fertility Returned to the farm
annually.

What kind of corn should wc raise? That would de¬
pend. If I had plenty of good tillable land I should
raise a large-eared, large-stalked kind that would ma¬
ture a crop in our locality. If rough, hilly country
where it was hard to get good plow land 1 should raise

a variety that would grow the largest amount of fodder
that would nearly approach maturity regardless of
whether it had ears or not. The kind of silo I would
build would depend on circumstances. If where brick is
cheap 1 should build a brick silo of seconds or swelled
brick, otherwise probably a wooden silo. 1 should
not buy a patent or readymade silo, as l could hardly
afford it. Usually there are several profits from the
producer to the purchaser, and these add no value but
only expense. We have an octagonal silo similar to
that shown in Fig. 193 that we like very much. It is
good, durable and economical. The framework is 2 x 6
stuff 18 inches apart at the bottom and gradually wider
towards the top, until about three feet there. Fig. 192
shows how these are laid, and on the inside up and
down is one thickness matched stuff, nothing else. Prac¬
tically no corners; strain equal at all points, and very
little material required, and anyone handy with tools
can do the job. An outside covering can be put on if
desired for looks and durability, but is not necessary.

MANCHESTER’S EIGHT-SIDED SILO. Em. 193.

If I wanted a round silo I should go to a large lumber
yard and get 2x4 or 2 x 6 stuff, and if necessary
pay a little more to get straight, good lumber of long
lengths. Patent doors are not necessary. Get four
4 x 4 to put up at equal distances apart, and bore holes
through these to hold the rods in place, and toe-nail
each stick several times as you are building. Before
building any kind of a silo dig down two feet deep all
round, a ditch two feet wide, where the silo is to rest,
and fill in with small stones or coal ashes, or sand
and cement, so that the structure will be level and stay
level. Get a silo anyway, and get at it early. Plant
early and cut before frosts are expected. Don’t put it
off another season, as you cannot afford to be without
it. H. G. MANCHESTER.

BEEHIVES AND OTHER INCUBATORS.

I send you an article from the Detroit Free Press, “The
Beehive as an Incubator.'' Have you ever heard of their
being used for that purpose? e. o.

Michigan.

This article seems to have gone the rounds of the
press. It gives a picture of an old man standing before
an '’open beehive. Inside the hive are seen a dozen eggs
with a cloth wrapped around them. The story tells of
a farmer named Plenry Decker, who uses his beehive
as an incubator. He claims that the hive hatches the
eggs in 19 days instead of the ordinary 21. The eggs
are said to be placed on cotton cloth, thus separating
them from the bees. Around the sides a cushion was
made from a quilt, or placed with another cushion over
the edge. It is said 18 chicks were hatched out of 20
eggs, and that this is a fair proportion of a hatch by
this sweet incubator. This article has been sent us by
a number of people, asking if there is really any truth
in it, and on submitting it to the best authorities on bee
culture, we are told that a hive of bees would certainly
generate heat enough to hatch eggs, but that it is not
probable that the scheme would ever be more than a
novel experiment. The loss of this heat would injure
the bees, and there is nothing in it to warrant serious
thought.

Somehow every Spring a variety of old stories come
floating through the press. Not long ago a reader sent
us the story of an old man with a long gray beard
who was walking along the road when a swarm of bees
mistook his beard for a hive. They gathered in his
beard, but the old man walked half a mile, combed
the bees out of his beard into a hive with his fingers,
and thus obtained a fine swarm of bees. We are not
prepared to say that this could not be done, although
we do not intend to try the experiment.

Another story generally told at this season of the
year is the fact of an economical woman with a con¬
sumptive husband. This gentleman was so far gone
with the disease that he was unable to leave his bed.
His wife was a hard-working woman who found it
necessary to make every edge cut. Therefore she
packed a large number of eggs in bed around her hus¬
band and used him for an incubator, it being said that
he gave an excellent hatch of 70 or 80 per cent of fer¬
tile eggs. The beauty of this incubator was that it
seems in itself an ideal one by testing the eggs and
caring for the chicks as fast as they were hatched. It
is not likely that anyone will deny the possibility of
hatching chicks in this way. At the same time it is
doubtful if many of our readers care to use this form
of incubator. _

FERTILITY OF THE LAND.

Prof. Roberts in his valuable book, “The Fertility
of the Land,” excludes lime from the list of plant foods,
and limits its effect tov improvement of chemical and
mechanical conditions of the soil. I notice that intelli¬
gent writers on the subject hasten to assure their read¬
ers to the same effect, apparently fearing to be regarded
as not orthodox unless they thus clearly define their
position in the line of authority. All agree that pot¬
ash, nitrogen and phosphoric acid are indispensable in¬
gredients of plant food, and if asked for proof of this ‘
would answer rightly, that analysis of plants results in
finding these substances in their structure, and that
plant growth is visibly increased when we supply them
in proper condition to the soil in which the plants are
grown. And this answer is conclusive to every un¬
biased mind as an absolute demonstration that each of
these three is a plant food, though not in itself com¬
plete as such. Potash, phosphoric acid and lime, being
mineral elements, are not dissipated by fire, and as to
them, reduction of plants by fire is a sure process of
analysis in its results, while nitrogen, being evanescent,
:s driven off into the atmosphere.

Prof. Roberts, on page 333 of his book referred to,
f'ives the average of 15 analyses of wood ashes made
by various agricultural stations to be potash 6.17 and
phosphoric acid 1.8S, making no mention of lime, not
because no lime was found, but leaving lime out of con¬
sideration in accordance with the idea that lime is not
a plant food. But there were in all these lofs of
ashes thus analyzed very large quantities of lime, prob¬
ably not less than 33. as against the above 6.17 of pot¬
ash and 1.88 of phosphoric acid. An analysis of wood
ashes made by the Massachusetts Experiment Station,
and which is even less than a fair average sample, gives
potash 5.46, phosphoric acid 1.36 and lime 34.10. If
then the presence of potash and phosphoric acid in the
ashes of plants proves these substances to be plant
food, and it certainly does, the presence there of lime
proves it also to be plant food, and by its much greater
amount the most essential of the three. It ought to
be clear, one would think, to everybody that the trees
from which these ashes were made fed sparingly on
potash, even less on phosphoric acid, and fairly gorged
themselves on lime. And the conclusion seems irre¬
sistible that there is more of a call upon us for lime
than for potash or phosphoric acid, in providing plant
food for crops. woodbridge strong.

Middlesex County, N, J.

456

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 10,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Tut questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Cement for Silo.

H. Ii. B., Eastford, Conn. — As I am about
to build a silo, will you tell me how to pre¬
pare the cement for the foundation? I have
not had first-class success with cement.

Ans. — Clean off surface until dirt is
solid ; make a box six feet long, three feet
wide, and 10 inches deep. Into this put
very coarse sand, even bordering on
gravel, five parts; best Portland cement,
one part ; mix thoroughly with shovel and
hoe while dry; then use water enough to
make spreadable. Plaster the bottom di¬
rectly upon the dirt to the thickness of
one inch. If weather is very dry at the
time sprinkle each day for three or four
days. H. e. c.

Dying Apple Trees.

E. T. 8., Bradford, Pa. — I have a young or¬
chard of apple trees four years old this Spring
that was looking well last Fall and growing
fast this Spring. Some of the largest trees
are dead, and others do not look well. I have
examined them and find roots in good, thrifty
condition. They seem to be dying from the
top. The bark is dry and scaling off ; there
are some small rotten spots on trunk of
— trees, as if insects had worked in, but I have
found none. I have never sprayed yet. Can
you tell me what is the matter, and give me
a remedy? Will it injure to spray bodies of
trees with petroleum?

Ans. — From the statements made by the
owner of this orchard it seems to me that
there must have been some “tree doctor”
practicing on his trees. The question in
the final sentence about the use of petro¬
leum is a hint that may lead to the solu¬
tion of the trouble. It would be easy to
say just what was the cause of the dead
trees and the “rotten spots” if I knew that
petroleum had been applied for any rea¬
son. It may be that this or some nos¬
trum that contained carbolic acid or some
other injurious property has been used to
prevent rabbits or mice from eating the
bark last Winter. As the trees were
healthy up to last Fall, started to grow all
right this Spring and then died or now
show signs of disease on the bark of the
trunks it would lead to a suspicion of
some sort of malpractice. Possibly the
severity of the past Winter may have
injured the trunks of some of the trees.

I know of nothing so good for fruit trees
as thorough and constant application of
common sense and little else. Good til¬
lage, plenty of sunlight and occasionally
a spraying of Bordeaux Mixture and ar¬
senical poisons to kill the fungus and in¬
sect enemies will usually serve all needful
purposes. Petroleum is a dangerous thing,
to use about any kind of vegetation anc
requires the most thorough knowledge o
what for, when and how to use it. It is
rarely that it can be used with safety ex¬
cept emulsified and diluted. I was at
meeting in South Carolina once where
Senator Tillman was induced to give his
experience in using kerosene to kill Peach
borers in his trees. He thought it would
do it, and as he had a very fine orchard
covering 10 acres he had it put on the col
lar of each tree. The result was that all
of them died, victims of a senatorial tree
doctor. Politics and kerosene are both
good when properly used but need to be
mixed with plenty of good sense. Other¬
wise they are very dangerous in the or
chard. h. e. van deman.

the business, and wrote to a number of
people who are interested in automobiles.
We would not do injustice to any repu¬
table concern, but the following notes are
from reputable manufacturers:

The Automobile School is a very small
school, and they have one old automobile,
which they give lessons on, but we are hardly
in a position to judge the benefit any student
might gain from this school.

Boston, Mass. dowi.ing & maguire.

Personally, I know absolutely nothing in re¬
gard to this school. I referred the matter to
my foreman, and he tells me he knows of
several persons who have taken this course
and have been unable to obtain positions with
the knowledge acquired from same.

Boston, Mass. a. t. fuller.

If we were in your place, we certainly
would not advise the patronizing of a school
of this description, if we did not know all
about it; $25 seems to be a rather big price
to charge a person to give him instructions in
the handling of an automobile.

Detroit, Mich. reliance motor car co.

We know there is such a school, but have
heard very little for or against it. These
people have a demonstrating car, which they
use to show pupils the practical workings and
machinery, and have no doubt that they do
some good. We think any boy going into an
automobile repair or machine shop would
learn more in a week than he would in one of
these schools in a month.

Boston, Mass. j. h. mac alman.

As to the value of such a course the
following note is interesting:

You are doubtless aware that the procuring
of a license for a student operator is compar¬
atively a trifling matter, as anyone can ob¬
tain a license if he comes recommended by
two or three responsible persons. The school
could very easily get licenses for all of their
pupils but we should imagine it would not be
so easy to secure positions for them. There
seems to be a great tendency among automo¬
bile owners to drive their own machines, and
it is these owners who are patronizing the
automobile schools for the purpose of becom¬
ing familiar with the mechanism of their cars.
The country boy who pays his $25 for a
course of tuition is likely to be disappointed
about finding a satisfactory place as soon as
he lias learned the operation of a car, as the
man who would employ a professional chauf¬
feur is as likely as not to want him to be a
professional servant also, and as we under¬
stand it the course would not include this
training. waltham mfg. co.

This being the case a country boy
would not receive much benefit from the
course, unless be knew how to serve as a
gentleman’s servant in other capacities.

Weed Killer. — iThe Pennsylvania Exper¬
iment Station says that the “Cereal Weed
Killer” is green vitriol or sulphate of iron
heated so as to drive off the water. This
substance, known as copperas, consists of
hard green crystals. On heating to about the
temperature of boiling water the mass whit¬
ens and crumbles, and in this form it is used
for killing weeds. In some cases it is dis¬
solved, seven to nine pounds to a barrel of
water, and sprayed over the field. In Belgium
the fine powder is spread over the ground 200
to 300 pounds per acre. This destroys maw
young weeds, while grain and other crops are
not injured.

A School for Aufomobiling.

8. V. T., Franklin, Vt. — I enclose a pam¬
phlet recently sent which will explain itself.
Can you inform me as to the reliability of
this concern?

Ans. — The pamphlet or circular offers
to teach people how to run an automobile.
The course costs $25, and the proprietors
of the school offer to help “graduates”
to secure a “chauffeur’s license” and also
to help obtain a position. They say
that the “average pay when competent is
from $100 to $150 per month and found.”
We know nothing about the school or

EVERY WIRE

fn the Frost Fence is the same size-stays two sizes
larger— all large and strong enough to make a rigid
fence that will stand for 110 or more years. Send tor
1905 catalogue,

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland. Ohio.

ANCHOR FENCE & MFG.

ANCHOR FENCE

Built on the most ap¬
proved plan, and of
material that gives
lasting service. Send
for Catalogue “D.”

CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

SEED BUSINESS FOR SALE

Good growing trade in choice home grown garden
and flower seeds: seed potatoes and also some trade
m nursery stock. Will sell with or without premises
of 1 hi acres. Good chance for right party. For full
information. Address

CHAS. L. GOLF, Crystal Lake, Ill.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

CELERY and CABBAGE PLANTS

r ok BAl.E — Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, f. o. b. here. Write for prices
x-r^eF. rea<F’ about June 15.

WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

CRIMSON CLOVER SEED

New Crop ready June 20. My own growing. Book
orders now. Elbert G. Packard. Dover, Delaware.

Ai FA FA ^flll From a vigorous growing field of
“L-l “ OUIL Alfalfa, three years old, $1 per
hundred pounds; 10 percent discount on 500 pounds
or over. R. D. BUTTON, Canastota, New York

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St, LouIb. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, Pi. T.

Established 18W-

ET 13 C AI F 200 bn. Whip-poor-will;
■ Lu CL 100 bu. Clay Cow Peas;

100 bn. Soja Beans; 20 bn. Stowell’s Evergreen
Sweet Corn; 3 bu. King of the Garden Lima Beans;
4 bu. Henderson’s Dwarf Lima; Quality Very Fine.
Prices right. Address, W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.

enp Cl I C— CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, 15.50
lUn OMLC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND.

Milford. Delaware.

SWEET CORN

hag, $3; 5 bags, $12.50.

Seedsmen, Buffalo, New York

Choice Stowell’s Evergreen
Seed, high vitality, 2 bushel

<>. W. CLAKK & SON.

Cow Peas! Cow Peas!! Sorghum

Seed, German Millet, ready now. Mail orders
promptly filled. Elbert G. Packard, Dover. Delaware.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
' bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

—BUDS!—

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

SWEET POTATO, Yellow Jersey, 100, 25c.; 1,000,
$1.50.

CABBAGE, All Head Early, Early Summer, Suc¬
cession, Wakefield, Bridgeport, Drumhead Hol¬
land and Danish Bullhead, 1,000, $1; 10,000, $8.50;
100, 20c.

CELERY', White Plume. Golden Self-Blanching,
Giant Pascal, Winter Queen and other varieties,
100 , 20c; 1.009 $1; 10,000, $8.50; Transplanted,
1,000, $2 50

ONIONSr Prizetaker, 1,000, $1; 10,000, $8.50.
TOMATOES, In five varieties, $1 $2. $5, $10 per

1,000 according to size.

Prico List mailed free, covering all kinds of Vege¬
table and Flower Plants. Cash with order.

LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

SWEET POTATO PLANTS - Jersey Yellow,
Jersey Red, Big Stem, Red Bermuda, Pierson’s
and other varieties. C. M. Harrison, Vineland, N. J.

TREES

CR DCD |nn FRCIftUT DAin Apple. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
ren IUU, rnciuni rMIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

86 Warren St., New York. 289 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 284 Craig St., Went , Montreal, p. Q.

40 North Tth St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitts St., Sydney, N. 9. W.

Tenlent«-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

Bend ;for
our new
III lint rated
catalogue
FREE

BLIZZARD

Superior
Self
Feed
Table

Attachment

FEED and ENSILAGE
CUTTER or SHREDDER

With Wind Elevator

We guarantee the “Blizzard” to
be the best, and most reliable en-
silageor fodder cutter obtainable. Strong
and durable; very economical to run ; no
waste; will elevate to any heightorin any
direction. I twill pay you to investigate the
merits of the “ Blizzard ” before buying.
W rite for particulars how to get a ma¬
chine on trial. We assume all risk.

JOSEPH DICK AGRICULTURAL WORKS.
Box 69, Canton, Ohio.

DoIjOA.CII PAT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

AW MILL

cutaway tools for large hay crops.

Clark s Reversible Busli &Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a U6W
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His .

Disk Plow cuts a furrowS to 10 in. deep, In. wide

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, bard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle .
orany foul plant. Send for cir’lars.f
CUTAYVAY HARROW CO., I
Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

HEEBNER

Results perfect. Will lit one man or a whole neighborhood equally well.

'S ’lSarKSf HORSE POWER

and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner

make the handiest and most economical threshing outfit known.
The thresher is made in three sires, 21, 26 and 30 in. cylinder. It Is
a simple, easy to handle, light running, strong, durable and effective
machine. Will thresh and clean wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, rice,
alfalfa, millet, sorghuin, timothy, otc. Capacity 200 to 600 bus.
Can be run by steam, gasoline, or any othor power if preferred. Tread

Td 6 hor,'“ ln Tr por>- Kor cuttin«

f powers on the nmrket. Mounted or unmounted, aB ordered. We also make Lever Powers, Feed and

|^S^39^C^^8awB^Feed^irlDders^etc^^cnd^t>r FREE catalogue. UEKHMKB M BOKS, No. 2 a Broad Bt„ Lansdale, Pa.

Pin Hoe or Spring Hoe,
Square Tube Steel
1 Frame. Lifting
Lever at End. ^

I Spring I*reB‘
su re in
Front,

v

Medium Weight Hoes, which travel
at Uniform Depth. Accurate
Land Surveyor. Evenly Bnl.
anced. N o N eek Weight.

Light Draft.

A Drill

With a Record

It has met with the unqual¬
ified approval of farmers who
- edit'

have used it for years. Unsurpassed
for accurate sowing, durability, econ¬
omy, and ease of operation. Work-
parts simple and easy of access.
Machine perfectly controlled and regulated
while in motion. lias doable run force grain
feed, with cone gear for change of quantity. Non-
Corrosive Glass Fertilizer Distributor, thrown out of gear
, by independent lever. This is a drill of highest grade,
fully illustrating the superiority of the Buckeye line;
its excellency will appeal to you. Your dealer has it — ask
mm ; or write to us for complete descriptive catalogue.

P» P« MA^T & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

457

HANDY SEED SOWING DEVICE.

Previous mention has been made of the
inventive turn of mind which obtains in
the average market gardener. Methods
of intercropping where two or three crops
can be taken from the same piece of
ground, inventions of and improvement
in labor-saving devices, and many handy
tools of home manufacture are frequently
evolved. The diagram below represents

the necessary implements for sowing veg¬
etable seeds with neatness and dispatch.
The flat is of the regulation size we adopt
for growing one dozen tomato plants for
Spring sales. It is the product of the box
factory and can be purchased in quantity
at a reasonable price. This size of flat
provides a suitable medium for sowing all
kinds of vegetable seeds, easily trans¬
ferred from warm to cooler conditions
and in case of damping off no great loss
is incurred. When sowing the seed the
flat is loosely filled with soil to which a
good proportion of sand has been added
and leveled off with one sweep with the
back of the pressboard. The soil is then
pressed down one-half inch, as indicated
by fit of the pressboard in width to the
flat. The level stick is then used. This
fits the flat the long way, and makes a
drill, the bevel edge being greater than
the depth of the pressboard. The seed
is sown in these drills, which can be quite
close together when the soil is light in
texture, covering lightly with soil and
repeating the pressing with board. One
of the advantages in sowing all seed at
the same depth and in transplanting from
rows is that the operator can remove the
seedlings much more quickly. We would
suggest a trial of this device, the explana¬
tion being much more difficult than the
experiment.

— Francis Canning, in the American Flor¬
ist- _

INFLUENCE OF STOCK UPON GRAFT

I cut from a Bartlett tree at least 12 years
old some scions, and set them in a Flemish
Beauty. The three limbs that united with
the scions were allowed to grow, and there
were no more grafts put in. The first crop
of fruit from these grafts was of excellent
quality, a Bartlett type with Flemish Beauty
flavor, and ripened about a week earlier than
Bartlett on same soli. It had very little
more color than the Bartlett. In the next
two or three years the fruit grew smaller and
earlier, until now it ripens with the Lawrence,
has a very high color, is much smaller and
very much poorer tlavor. This fruit has been
pronounced by Prof. Beach as different from
anything he knows of. 'rite tree and grafts
are still living. f. w. vail.

New York.

I read with interest the recent discussion
in regard to the influence of the stock on
the scion or bud. The superintendent of our
State experiment orchard, Joe A. Burton,
Mitchell, Ind., grafted a fruit spur of the
native wild crab with a fruit spur of Yellow
Transparent apple, to determine the effect of
the stock on the variety grafted. The graft
grew, developed a cluster of leaves, bloomed
and set fruit; after the leaves had. become
well set the leaves of the Yellow Transparent
were taken off and the sap was elaborated by
the foliage of the wild crab and conducted
through the cell structure of the crab to the
apple. The apple developed into a typical
Yellow Transparent in size, shape and color,
and those who tasted it said it was Yellow
Transparent in quality. This experiment
seems to show that the variety has the power
to maintain its identity in the Individual
cells. In this case the sap was carried and
elaborated by the stock, and yet the variety
was able in Its own cell structure to maintain
its identity. c. m. hobbs. -

Indiana. »

About 15 years since I grafted a tree to
Tompkins King. I should judge the tree was
20 years old, strong and vigorous, but the
fruit was as sour as vinegar, and very hard ;
in size about as large as the Baldwin, form
and color more like Wolf River. The first
fruits partook of the character of the stock,
hard, sour and very unlike the King, but each

successive year the quality improved, and
after about five years the characteristic of
the King predominated, and the tree bears
more or less every year of fine large fruit.
To my mind here is positive proof of the in¬
fluence of the stock over the graft, the strong
over the weak, but as years passed this in¬
fluence was overcome by the rapid growth of
the grafts, forming a new head to the tree.
I have another case where I set Sutton
Beauty grafts iu a Summer Strawberry apple
tree. These grafts bore the past season. The
fruit was not over one-half natural size, and
set thick and in clusters, not unlike the
Strawberry. This being the first fruit, I can¬
not say what the future may show, but I
have a firm belief in the influence of the
stock upon the graft when set upon large
vigorous trees. In grafting small trees this
influence would be overcome before they came
in fruit, but use vigorous growing stock every
time to insure vigor in graft.

New York. Walter f. tabeu.

A neighbor had quite a number of apple
trees of the Roxbury Russet variety, and
asked me to graft one of them to Baldwin. I
took scions from a tree that bore large well-
colored fruit, and set for him, but told him
It would not prove satisfactory. When he
got fruit from that tree they were a greenish
yellow with large patch of russet on one side,
small In size and not of good Baldwin qual¬
ity. About 10 years ago I took scions from
a Transcendent crab and set in a small apple
tree back of my barn. The tree was a seed¬
ling that came up in the mowing, and was so
small that the two scions set made the top
of the future tree. As the tree was too
small to bear I cannot tell what its fruit
would have been, but of this much I am abso¬
lutely sure; those scions lived and made the
whole top of that tree, aud the fruit has
hardly any resemblance to a Transcendent
crab. It is larger, of just about the color
of Yellow Transparent. It is a prodigious
bearer of beautiful fruit. At least two-thirds
of fruit set should be removed properly to
thin. There is nothing of the astringent
tang usually found iu a crab. The quality
for canning or sauce is so far superior to
Transcendent as to seem like a new fruit.
If some nurserymen had this they would send
it out as superior to anything in the crab
apple line. I have grafted several trees from
the original, and find the qualities perpet¬
uated. The crab tree stood about 25 rods
from the one In which I set the scions, and
there was not another crab tree within one-
third of a mile. The crab had not been set
long enough so the other could be a crab
seedling. u. D. G.

Asliburnham, Mass.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

with blower are guaranteed to do
more and better work with the
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FAIR TEST

will demonstrate
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55 furs* over all competitors.

Experience Write t onlay for FREE Catalog.

THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13, Springfield, Ohio
Largest Manufacturers of Eu.il.ge Machinery In the World.
Write for Rose Manure Spreader Catalog.

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
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If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
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Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N„ Y.

THE SMALLEY MODERN SILO FILLER

J ukcH loss power, has greater cupaoity and
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Send for
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SHALLOT

JUNllEAt TUKINUCO.,

Box$>l , Manitowoc, IVIs.

s

i Aspinwall

-E§f Potato

IP A' Sprayer

CREA TL Y IMPRO VED
FOR 1005.

Especially designed for handling Bordeaux and other
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HIGH PRESSURE PUMP

Brass-lined cylinder . Brass-ball valves. Syphon agitator constantly

in motion insures an even solution of mixture and prevents clogging of screen.

Blight and Rot Prevented. Spraying to prevent blight is no longer an experi¬
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showed an average increased yield^of 58 bushels per acre from sprayed fields as compared
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We are the only concern in the world making a complete line of Potato Machinery
consisting of Cutters, Planters, Sprayers, Diggers and Sorters. Write for free catalogue.

ASPINWALL MFG. CO., 56 Sabin St., Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.

The Price of Our $25.00
CONCRETE STONE OUTFIT

is more than saved on the first building
erected. Anyone can make perfect stone
with it. Shipped on trial to responsible
parties.

Send for free book of instructions.

THE CEMENT WORKING MACHINERY CO.,

191 Lafayette Ave., Detroit, Mich.

How can you make more

money on the manure at your \
stable door? This free book of
&4 pages tells how. It is full of
photographs. Has excellent arti¬
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when and where to spread it, how to
do it quickest and best with a

20th Century
Manure
Spreader

Every page is absorbingly interest-
ing. It tells the farmer how to make
more and save more while he is
making his land worth more every
day. Write your name and ad- /
dress on a postal and ask for /A
book No. A-7 now. Mail It to
us. We’ll send the book
promptly.

THE J. S. KEMP MFS. CO.

Newark Valley, N. Y.

Waterloo, la.

$21.00 PRICE EXPLAINED

FOR $21.00 TO $23.00

TOP BUGGIES. almllarto one Illustrated,
HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADVERTISED.

■Iso ROAD-WAGONS at

$14.00 to $17.00,

w SURREYS at ’

$34.00 to $38.00.

HOW BUGGIES can be ottered at these prices aud why we can

sell buggies and all other vehicles at much lower prices than any
other house is all fully explained in our Four Big Free Vehicle
Catalogues. Cut this ad. out and send to us and
youwlll receive by return mail. Free, Postpaid,
Four Big Vehicle Catalogues showing the most
complete line of everything in Buggies, Hoad
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WITH THE FOUR FREE CATA-

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7,000 VEHICLES AT FACTORY GOST

7 — ANTICIPATING AN EXCEPTIONAL TRADE IN VEHICLES THIS YEAR IN

THE SOUTH ON ACC0UNT0FTHE VERY LARGE CROPS ANDTHE HIGH
PRICE OF COTTON, WE HAVE CONTRACTED FOR AN ENORMOUS
STOCK OF MATERIALS. THE SLUMP IN THE PRICE OF COTTON HAS
CURTAILED TRADE IN THE SOUTH TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT WE
MUST MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO DISPOSE OF THIS STOCK, AND
WE ARE OFFERING NEARLY 7,000 VEHICLES OF THE

VERY LATEST DESIGNS, direct to the CONSUMER

AT A SAYING OF NEARLY 40%

/ RITE US TO-DAY IF YOU ARE NEEDING AiVEHICLE
OF ANY DESCRIPTION.

Dep’t l2,PioneerCarrlage & Harness Co., Cin'tl.O.

458 •

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 10,

NOTES FROM THE RURALGROUNDS

Asparagus and Salt. — Practical grow¬

ers from t lie earliest times have insisted
that salt in considerable quantity is ben¬
eficial to the asparagus plant. Asparagus
was formerly closely grown in heavily
manured beds, and it was a common cus¬
tom to empty on these beds the brine in
which the family supply of meat was
packed in Winter. These brines con¬
tained much soluble nitrogen from the
meat, and often were fortified by nitrate
of potash or saltpetre, added as a preser¬
vative. I he result of such applications
to a plant able to resist the action of
salt could not be otherwise than benefic¬
ial, but there has always been testimony
to the effect that asparagus was bene¬
fited by applications of pure salt, chloride
of sodium, containing no other fertiliz¬
ing matter whatever. Others claim that
salt is only indirectly helpful by its tend¬
ency to increase soil moisture, make
other fertilizing matter already in the soil
available, and suppress weeds. Large
growers, however, do not appear to get
much benefit from salt as an asparagus
fertilizer, and rely on the usual ma¬
nures and chemicals for feeding their
beds. I he Arkansas Experiment Station
has been making some interesting trials
of this kind, which are detailed in the
recently issued Bulletin No. 8(5. Half a
ton of salt to the acre did not give ap¬
preciable results either in increasing the
crop nor in checking the growth of
weeds, but a further treatment next sea¬
son, of two pounds to the square yard,
or nearly five tons to the acre, in two
equal applications, twenty days apart, on
the same plot, sligh'ly increased the
yield of shoots as harvested the following
Spring, and appeared to promote vigorous
growth, at the same time greatly dis¬
couraging weeds, only a few of which ap¬
peared during the entire Summer. The
plants also gained a strongly increased
bloom or glaucous appearance which
would seem to indicate added resistance
1o disease. Such varieties as Argenteuil
and Palmetto, having well-developed
bloom, are plainly less susceptible to rust
than pale or bright green kinds like Col¬
umbian or Conover. Five tons to the
acre, however, is expensive treatment for
the small advantage returned, and the
outlay would better be made in more ef¬
fective manures where asparagus is grown
on a large scale. For the family bed,
two pounds salt to the square yard and
the yearly application of meat brine are
not out of the way, and may be worth
their cost in keeping down weeds. The
Bulletin recommends the salt treatment
for asparagus when grown as a Summer
screen along boundary and division fences.
The airy, graceful foliage of asparagus
softens if not conceals harsh outlines and
backgrounds, and being of rapid growth,
is admirably adapted for the purpose, but
we all know the difficulty of keeping fence
rows and corners clean of weeds and
grass by the usual means. Salt here
serves an excellent purpose by helping the
asparagus and suppressing weeds, but it
must be borne in mind that no trifling
application will answer. By the testi¬
mony of this bulletin and much personal
expciuen'ce two or more pounds to
the square yard each season will be
needed. The salt should be sprinkled on
the soil and well hoed in to prevent rain
from washing it away. Two applications
appear to be more effective than an equal
amount put on at the same time.

Butted Glass for Greenhouses. — Sev¬
eral glasshouse men have had their say
regarding butted versus lapped glass for
greenhouses, and their conclusion that in
general it is better slightly to lap the
panes, using a less expensive grade of
glass, than try to make a close fit by but¬
ting together, may be taken as correct.
The Rural Grounds glasshouse was built

10 years ago, using double thick glass of
the best quality, to inches square, butted
together, tor the roof, there has been
less glass broken by frost or wind during
this interval than in any similar con¬
struction with lapped glass that has come
under the observation of the writer, and
the roof is about as clean and light as
when finished, there being small chance
for the lodgment of light-obstructing
matter in the close joints between the
panes. No white lead nor metal strip
were used in the joints, and they do not
appear to have been needed. The sash
bars were spaced one-eighth inch farther
apart than the width of the glass, thus
giving sufficient play to make a good fit
in almost every instance. The glass be-
hip, square, we had a choice of edges ex¬
cept in the case of one box, Hi x 32
inches, which had been substituted for two
boxes of 10 x 10. Here we were restrict¬
ed in choice, and the long 32-inch panes
had proportionally less play than the
shorter ones. The fit is less perfect, but
the cracks between the ends are not great¬
er than can be found between the sur¬
faces of lapped panes in any house con¬
structed on that principle. It is well
known that window glass is not really
flat, having a bulge or convexity on one
side and a corresponding hollow or con¬
cavity on the other, due to the cylindrical
form in which it is blown. It is the uni¬
versal custom in greenhouse glazing to
lay the panes with the bulge or convexity
outside, as it is supposed better to resist
wind pressure and other strains than if
laid the other way. This rule is followed
when glass is butted as well as when
lapped, but in the case of panes having
different degrees of curvature there may
be greater space when lapped than when
straight edges are butted together. In
most lapped glass constructions joints
may be found between panes of different
curvature through which a tolerably thick
knife blade may easily be passed. Such
small openings quickly seal in frosty
weather, and are really only objectionable
because they accumulate dirt and admit
wind in chilly weather above the freezing
point.

No Putty Used.— Butted glass is laid
without nails or putty. The panes are
laid directly on the grooves of the bars
and held in place by accurately fitting
wooden caps, screwed down after the
glass is in place. All the woodwor
should receive two or more coats of best
white lead paint before glass is put in.
This form of glazing is much easier and
more rapid than bedding in putty, the
work can be done with comparatively in¬
experienced labor, and glass can be more
readily replaced in case of future break¬
age. as it is only necessary to loosen a
few screws, spring up the caps and slip
in new panes of the same size, afterward
turning the screws to their former place.

I here is some leakage of wind and rain
around the edges of the glass when laid
on the bare wood iu this manner, but a
perfectly tight joint can easily be made
by laying strips of ordinary cotton candle-
wicking, soaked in boiled linseed oil over
the edges of the glass close to the tongue
before the caps are screwed in place. This
cheap and convenient packing ,is quite
commonly used, and tends greatly’ to make
the roof warmer and drier during stormy
weather. As to drip, our experience is
there is less than wi'h lapped glass for the
same pitch of roof. More water may
make its way between the joints, but it
tends to cling to the under surface of the
glass and run down to the eaves, where a
shallow inside gutter should be provided
to carry it away from the benches. When
drip starts to run down the under surface
of lapped glass it finds interruptions like
the jogs of a shingle roof at each joint
and thus drops off on the plants, walks
or benches. Buffed glass roofs should
have a pitch of eight inches or more to
the foot, so that the drip will adhere and
rapidly run to the bottom.

^ Butted System More Expensive.—
Sash bars with cap, cut for butted glass,
cost a trifle more than the ordinary kind,
but this expense is offset by the saving in
putty and zinc nails, to say nothing of the
economy in time and labor in glazing, bu'
the best grade of glass must be used if
close and uniform joints are expected.
1 he Rural Ground greenhouse was built
m 1895, when glass was very cheap. For
$2.50 per box of 50 square feet we se¬
cured as good glass as could be bought
now for $5. It is clear, thick, uniform
and cut almost perfectly square. Herein
lies the only real objection to tlie butted
system. Low-grade glass, roughly cut.
cannot make a tight fit and satisfactory
job. laid edge to edge, but will answer
fairly well for a time when lapped. For
commercial structures glass of ordinary
grades, slightly lapped, is most practical.
We can recommend the butting system
however, for amateur and other small
glasshouses where neat, light, durable
glazing and freedom from annoying
breakages are the objects, rather than the
utmost economy in first construction.

w. v. F.

Bowker’s

Insecticides

Disparene,

the most powerful known.
Destroys codling-moth,
canker-worm, elm-leaf beetle, gypsy and brown-
tail moths. Used and endorsed by Ohio, New York,
New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and other
experiment stations, park superintendents, tree war¬
dens, and large orchardists everywhere. All ready
to use by adding water. Enough for a large
orchard, $4.25. Enough for 75 gallons spray for $1.
A 2-lb. sample for 50 cents. One application lasts
months. Not washed off by heavy rains.

Boxal,

rust, and
combined.

especially for potatoes, serves three pur¬
poses : it kills bugs, prevents blight and
prevents rot. Insecticide and fungicide
Enough for an acre, $ 1 .

Our large handbook of insect pests and plant diseases is worth
50 cents, but we mail it FREE

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CINCINNATI

For All Leaf Eating Insects

spray with

SWIFT’S

Arsenate of Lead

is uu Illustrated Booklet which
will save you money. It’s free to
you if you give your dealer’s
name. Write to address below.

Beware of other brands of Paris
Green on the market, which even
i f “ pure, ’ ’ may contain ‘ 1 free ’ ’ acid
and which when applied, may
burn or destroy the leaves of your
crops and trees. You have your
profits at stake, and should use

ANSBAC/fEJtiS

It will not burn. It sticks
and will not wash off.

CO.,

I11 use by successful Farmers and
Orchardists since half a century.
It's

ABSOLUTELY PURE!
DEADLY IN RESULTS!
HARMLESS TO FOLIAGE!

Reject all substitutes. If your
Dealer won’t furnish it, write us,
and we’ll see that you get it.
Comes in 5 lb., 2 lb. and x lb.
boxes, sealed with Ansbacher’s
guarantee of purity.

For Booklet, etc. drop postal to

A. B. ANSBACHER & CO.,

5 Murray St., New York.

Please mention your Dealer s name when writing.

MADE ONLY liY THE

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL

BOSTON, MASS.

Be sure and get Swift’s. If your dealer
does not handle it, write direct to us.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other IN8KCT8 killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. 8. Dept, of Agrl. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoaplsa Fertlllaeras well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. I-!. 60; 100-lb kegs, $4.60; half barrel,
170 lb., per i b; barrel.426 lb.,3)^c. Send for booklet.

•JAMI5S 00(111, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

HURST’S POTATO SPRAYER FREE

Sprayseverything. Trees, potatoes,

truck, orchards and small patches
equally well. Rows, 4 at a time, 20
acres per day. liven 2 acre growers
say.*'Paysitself4irst season." hirst
order (where no agent) Wholesale
price and agency. Ten days' free
trial, or wdl take extra yield one
acre our pay. Write TO-DAY for
one free iu each locality .

H. L. HURST MFG. CO.,

Dept. £ Canton, Ohio.

The
WATSON

Four Row
’ Potato Sprayer

I Covers 60 to 40 acres jar day.
Straddles 2rows, sprays 4 id
a time. Wheels adjust lor dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays toanv
Oneness, amt gearing id pump to wheel of oart gives any
pressure desired. Autoinalio agitator and suction strainer
cleaner. It never apoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula book shows the famous Garfield, Umpire King
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write lot it.

Field Force Pump Co., a ilth St., Elmira, N. V.

A single dose relieves.
Pratts Heave Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Many valuable horses saved
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. UvcriiVyeajsviU.

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Go., box 15 Anderson, Ind.

1905.

459

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

__ ^ at j 1 can hardly imagine myself going to Norway

H AHP hnfm \ HT PC ami riding off into the country with a stran-

llvflJC 1 Cl I 111 ItUlvu ger as Lars did with me. There is something

- about America that appeals to such men. I

. .. viou tip would like to know why they leave the old

Too Dry. — As I write the di ought has be- col)ntl.y alKi what they expect to do here.

come serious. The few showers were followed Every day now thousands ot foreigners come
„y high winds, which loot the moisture out {--f ..f , il^1;. f "

of the soil. Day after day clouds have gath-

. i „n- M’hn hot dare of the Florida Potatoes. — Lett to myseii, i

ered only to pass oil. the g would say very little about our lirst crop ot

sun would be easier to hear than this tan- potatoes lu Florida. It is a bad failure
, ■ 1 1 i y i 1 1 ir disulay of clouds. The grass seems ]ust how bad 1 cannot say unite yet. A friend
st01JUe(1 growing, except on the damp- in New York gives me the following hit,
to have stopped glowing, e i which makes It. necessary for me to say

er soils, and the clover has begun to head soinething :

out 10 days earlier than it should. Straw- “When the Hope Farm man goes to Florida

berries are likelv to fail unless we can have and engages In the business of potato rais-

moisture soon We planted our last potatoes ing, what hope Is there for an up-State man
motstuie I'bbn ue pu who is in the potato business ?. I suggest he

on May 2;>. the soil was like a oust neap, ]n.jUg a few bajes of cotton up with hpn t < >

but 1 thought the potatoes better off in the hake the surplus potatoes with, for they will

E„it than out We evidently did a good job not burn alone. Florida potatoes at 80 cents
soil than out. " e ■y a peck taste a great deal stronger ot money

when we put the manure around our youne )han 20-cent State potatoes, and if he re¬
trees early in spite of the drought, these gards the welfare of his subscribers h’e will
trees are starting well, and I doubt if we desist from Hooding the market wHh_ early

lose a dozen out of nearly 1,000 planted. ’’‘Yiaklwlnville, N. Y.

All the rye in the young orchards has been M„ crop has had precious little to do with
cut and most of It piled around the trees, making prices this year. On one field where
Ucriug June am. JulJ we sl.al., an we get we^l.u.ed^.tjj 20 £f™jj ®

time, scrape up all the manure and flash we js t|U, WOI.sj report that has come to me thus
can find and spread it around these trees. In far — largely because many other growers will
one mac. on tbe WU we have tried Iwlc. lo jay nolbing^ All n,,a,,,gl, oar pjjrt oj Florida

get a good seeding of grass. I he plants come would not fjroio . The vines wore as good as
Up feebly and the stand has never been satis- the promises some men make, while the pota
factory. ' This year the place ha. bloomed out to^were wor^eveh than

with sorrel until it looks almost like a paten wouldn’t have been money enough in it to pay
Of Crimson clover. That is as plain evidence for a Summer vacation. Here is a copy of
as if the grass stood up and called “Give us our first commission return:
lime!” They will get a good dose of it when 2 boxes beane.^. ....... ;; ; 2J

we try seeding again this ball. While this , 1)a|.,.p| potatoes . 2.00

drought is bad for most of our crops, like i barrel potatoes . 1-7-

most other evils, it has some good sides. . .T$fi5r

The cherry crop is developing without rot or commission . $0.0.7

appearance of disease. Too much rain would Cartage . „\7o a «,o

have given it a hard knock. The dry weather freight and expiess . j | 1

is excellent for brooding the little chicks. Net. proceeds . $2.2.1

We have nearly 200 out thus lar, and the per The (irs(. shipment of string beans was 1 '»
cent of loss In brooding has been next to ,]ayS OI, t h c* road by express, and so badly

nothing. Damp weather would get them. The spoiled that I refused to accept them. Th

. . also shows „s another virtue in the next one hade, ^thrown away Jot

Alfalfa, which we had heard or, hut. did not went to the railroads and express companies,
realize While the grass turns yellow and Thus, while it is possible that people paid SO
clover leaves wilt lb, Alftlf. keeps ,reen ^‘thf

and goes ahead as if it could drink dust, money. The handlers got most of the money.
When we pull up a plant we see the reason while about all we get out of the peck is a

for it. while ’J’fiH'tliy waits lo 'have water *}.\ljn(|n^"1 'filing' good1, ‘ i^otiuLs'at '“O* cents
brought to it, Alfalfa goes down for the watei a i)UShel consumers here and in New \orh
and gets it. Clover goes part way, but Al- were paying at the rate of $1.50 to $2. From
_ , , . . „A n a those figures the Hope’ Farm man is not like

falfa has a longer reach. jv to classed as a millionaire yet. I cer

Farm Notes. I spoke recently of putting t’ainly have no “tainted" money to give away,
nilrate of soda on the Alfalfa Held. The A^the same^lnne^I am J^'^YhY'ahead8!!)
young plants which came up this bpring put SWPet potato plants Into the soil where
looked thin and yellow. The nitrate has col- the white potatoes failed,
orod them green and given them better stand- Health Hints. — An Interested friend In
iug, but it has also pushed along every weed Massachusetts wants to know about the little

. . . 1 *•««* “'■"1 Scmt»f tb“ SaVJ;‘X JATl

make hay of weeds and Alfalta and see what woak Sp0t on the little fellow’s lung — or
will happen next. I have a belief that by near It. The boy is delicate anyway, and
cul ling .he crop early I can make it grow we^ent hlj» to Fioricla^for the Winter.^

faster — on much the same principle that cut- ai)0Ut; R. He was able to be outdoors every
ting a boy’s hair makes it sprout. A barber day, there were at. least twice as many sunny

*•“» '“"r "r Sidr.irei. Wi o^heeod/rf,»7pi;°.a t5;

oftener If I waul to keep from being bald, |j0V pjckecl up well, grew nicely and seems
but then he Is financially interested in the much better for the Winter. There are
i t, Sn raving was done last week, many consumptives who pass the Winter in

J , \ ,, ,, , , , , Florida. In fact, those who are consid

We dissolved the sulphate ol copper In a bar- pr|ng pfp jn that Stale should remember

rel and mixed limoid with water. First we that many of the arguments in favor of
filled the tank about half full and poured (lie Its climate are put out by those ’ who cannot
, ,, ...... .... well live elsewhere. Our people ptonounee

copper and lime watei in together. Attei the winter climate delightful. They were
stirring It thoroughly it was tested with lit- an helped by the mild Winter. Tn April In
mug paper. Then we added more water. The sects became troublesome, and the heat was
, i ..i i: • i i i more severe. The nights in Florida are

I arls-green was mixed with limoid and made always cool and inclined to be damp. I

into a thin paste, poured into the tank and have* heard it argued that any human will
thoroughly stirred. Then vve closed the tank, ho better off for the cold and snap of a

let in the gas until we got about 100 pounds patent 'trueLf1^ voimg and vIgomus>(people!°but
pressure, and blew out the mixture in llie not of the elderly or sickly. The same cor-
form of a line mist. Tile wind was blowing respondent writes :

quite hard, and from a little distance the “Please give ns a screed on the benefit of
, , . ax . . .... the open window in bedroom. r have two

sprayer seemed to bo putting out smoke. t\ hen young men, and I think they would be in

spraying with the wind tills mist was driven different If their windows were glued tight
all through (lie tree, so that: it would be hard shut.”
to find a spot that was not thoroughly wet. I will let some one who knows more about
_ , , , , . , . . , , if tell whii fresh air, night or day, is su-

I started out to aim one bunch of nozzles, but ,0 Second-hand air I know that It

I was put out of action early. I jumped out is. Whenever I sleep In a close room at
of the wagon to fix something and struck on night I feel in the morning as though some

the side of my loot. I lie lesult was a wt II- man shutting himself into a small room and
turned ankle, and about all I could do for breathing the same air over and over again !
the rest of the day was to sit with my foot I am sure that this second-hand air is
. , , , . responsible for many a headache and “had

in the air and give advice, l.ars took the ton£ue„ and cokl \n the hea(1. By an

nozzle. When he cleaned up at night, he means open the window at night,
looked as if some one had painted him blue Help Wanted. — Here is a letter which is a
and green. l.ars never saw spraying done fair sample of many others:

before, and his first day’s work on an Amer- “I have noticed a good deal lately about
f .... iv . city people who would like to try farming,

lean farm must have made him realize that j j,aVp a farm 0f gp acres, about four miles

Norway Is many miles away. from my home place, which F am using mostly

r, , r , , j . for hav. This farm has a good house, and

i'AHM Help. Lars is a Norwegian. I got n(. pregent quarters for 200 hens. It is an

him in New York, five days from the ship. I excellent place for poultry. I will give a
went: in the morning and engaged a Dane, decent married man free rent of this house

hut when I went back to get him the Dane p i*ovlclf> quarters for just as* many hens as he
had gone with another man. Then Lars ap- shows himself capable of making pay. I)o
peared. He doesn’t know a word of English, you know where the fellow Is? Farm is
. , , , , , . . . . three-fourths mile fiom school, I1/' mile from

and I know even less of his language, but Rf0t.p, church, etc., and 2l/> miles from rail-

when I talked money he grasped the situa- road. .t. grant morse.

tlon. About the first thing he had bought New York.

was a hook In which English words are No. sir. I don’t know “where the fellow is.”

beside .Ue.r „ulv.lent lb bis own l„„- Lr,,WJtft,.,',|l|I. Sid'

guage. Thus I found cow. pointed out the ing place until I try to capture him for home

word, and gave a good imitation of the mo- use. I could use such a couple to good ad-

,, . i .... i . , vantage right here, for the time is at hand

tlon employed in milking. Lais understood, vvlipn we could enlarge our operations with

and in this way I found that he could milk, profit. It would seem as If there ought to

drive a horse, hoe, plow, chop and do other be people lo take such a place as Mr. Morse

, i cj t i . , . . „ mentions, and make it provide far more for

farm vvork So I^ars has joined the ranks of them than a good home, r have a desire to
rrie ,^°Pe J.atmers. I hilip talks with him. SPe jU)W many there are who would take such
He Is a good stout man, capable of doing our a p]a(.P If those who want help or those

work well. For aught I know, lie may be a wkc> want positions will write me I will see

descendant of the Lars In Macaulay s poem wkaf can lie done about bringing them to-
who “kept the bridge’ nt Rome. He will „pthcr n w r

help keep the farm at least. I often wonder 2 _ _ _ '

what such men must think to leave their na- . . XT vr , , .

live land and the home of their childhood. Write Osgood Binghamton New \ork. about
and strike off to a strange and unknown land, heir "New idea" ready to weigh "Pitless Seale."

mm

833=

LNGiHtA

m

mm

Him

»j4H!

The Trick of

Making a Farm Power
Profitable

lies altogether in the use you make of
that power. You may only run your
cream separator au hour a Gay. An
hour’s pumping may fill the tanks
that supply your house and barn with
water. By a proper use of your
power you may be able to do both of
these things at the same time. You
only have feed to grind and ensilage
to cut at certain times of the year.
You want a power that starts quickly,
is simple and safe; but more than this,
you want to know just how to use the
power. We may be able to make sug¬
gestions as to the grouping of ma¬
chines to be operated so the power
that, will operate your largest machine
will separate your milk, churn, pump
your water, turn your grindstone; in
fact, operate a number of machines
at one time and make a saving in time
and fuel. If you will write and tell
us what machines you have on your
farm, we will try to work out your
proposition and tell you how to make
money out of the power you buy. This
information won’t cost you anything.
We will give careful personal atten¬
tion to your particular problem. Write
and see' what we have to say. Book
about Farm Power Free.

FAIRBANKS FARM POWER MEN,

The Fairbanks Co., New York.

Sca/es, trucks , valves ami fittings , gas and
gasoline engines, machines, machine
tools, factory power transmission,
factory supplies.

Albany, Mew Orleans, Baltimore, Boston,
i phila., Pittsburg, Buffalo, Syracuse,
Hartford, London, England.

We want you to know Tubular
Cream Separators as they are.

The low can, enclosed ffears
and ease of turning are shown in
this illustration
from life. Tubu¬
lars have l .either
oil cups, tubes,
nor holes — tl ey
oil themselves.

Th y have bowls
without compli¬
cated inside parts
— they h !d the
world’s record
for clean skimming, durability,
capacity, e&^y urnln^ and easy
washing. They save half the
work — greatly increase the
amount and quality of but¬
ter — are wholly unlike all
other separators. Catalog 11-153
will interest and benefit you.
Write for it.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

F. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

Garden Truck

can be raised profitably only in soil
containing plenty of Potash. All
vegetables require a fertilizer con¬
taining at least io per cent, actual

Potash

Without Potash no fertilizer is com¬
plete, and failure will follow its use.

Everv farmer should have our valuable books
on fertilization— they are not advertising
matter booming any special fertilizer, out
books of authoritative information that means
large prolltM to the farmers. Sent tree for the

asking. (JEKJ]AJi kaLI WORKS

New York.

IT DOES THE TRICK ! SPECIAL

This axle runs easier than any other, and requires
o attention, It’« Ft Wonder.
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wo
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

$50B Split Hickofa

*7 SPECIAL TOP BUGGY TO ORDER *

I 2-year guarantee, sold
| on 20 days free trial is
ITHE WORLD’S STANDARD
ll(X) points of superiority. Send
"for 192-pag® free catalog of
i vehicles and harness
\T!i« Ohio Carriage
Mf*. Co., (H. C
.Phelps, Pres,)
k Station 290 ,

. Cincinnati, Ohio

Stop— Think

Do you know how much you lost last
year by not owning a correct stock and
wagon scale? You ndniit you need one.
Why don’t you write for our catalogue.

“New Idea”
Steel Pitless Scale

just out. All complete, ready to weigh
on except platform plank. No pit. No
wall. All steel. New construction. You
Will like it. We mukt> all kinds of scales.

Do you know a good agent for us? Do us
and him a favor, show him this ad.
We want him Now.

OSGOOD SCALE COMPANY
Box157( Bimihaniton, N. Y.

Buy Direct From Factory

And Save the Middlemau’a Enormous Profits.

Our Milk Cansembody all best Improvements; are
made of annealed steel ; all parts double tinned. In¬
sides liusli and smooth as glass ; no places for milk to
collect and sour ; very easy to clean— a most import-
ant feature. Ouaranteed an repre-
H.nted or cans may lie returned at
our expense both Maya. A pualal card
will bring onr Catalogue glilng lull
description*. Send fur one today.
Wisconsin,

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to i actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al-
wiivh umler control. Strong, »afo, tiny for
'huraei. Always ready. Two horso size $100.
a Send for catalogue.

— -|-<|...-jt....jHarder Mfg. Co. Box 1 1 . Coblesklll, N.Y.

Iowa,

New York,

Cleveland,

Terms,

8 gal, 15
10 gal, 10 lbs,
5 gal, 12 lbs,
8 gal, 17)di lb8.
10 gal, 18!i lbs,
5 gal, 15 lbs,
8 gal, 21
10 gal, 22
8 gal, 21
10 gal, 22
cash with

lbs, $1 35
1 40
1 40

1 55

lbs,

lbs,

lbs,

lbs,

order

1 60
1 65
1 75
1 80
1 75
1 80
or

'New York.

('. O. D. subject to examination.

THE SEESTEDT BROS. MFG CO.

ROMULUS. MICH.

| More Than Glean Skimming

9 Of course you want that. But you want something
more. Separating cream is an every day, twice a day
jub. You want a handy machine. Do you know that
the boasted clean skimming of many separators is at¬
tained at the expense of convenience? That's all
changed in the new

PAPEG SEPARATOR.

Built on a new plan. Its seven gallon reservoir only
30 inches high. A child can till it and a child can turn
it. So simple it’s almost impossible for it to get out of
order. You'll take new interest in dairying and make
better profits i? you buy the right separator. It’s to
your interest to investigate the Papec. Let us send
you catalogue, free.

THE PAPEG MCH. CO. Box 10, LIMA, N. Y.

46o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

The Pural New-Ynrkpr corporations refused to pay the tax. It was finally car-
\ fV 1 UI HCr ned to the Supreme Court, and that has just upheld

the law. The corporations must pay the tax. New
York City alone will receive $24,008,863.21 of back taxes
and interest. 1 he decision has an importance aside
from the fact that it will compel these corporations to
pay their share of public expenses. It is further evi¬
dence of the unmistakable tendency of public feeling.
Society has rights which public servants or workmen
are bound to respect. J he people who obtain a fran¬
chise to light our streets or carry us from place to place
or perform other public service are not our masters, but
our workmen !

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, / .

Mrs. K. T. Rovle, ’^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

June lfy

become safer on a Jersey highway. If this has no effect
a much stronger law will be passed next year. Already
there are. reports of Granges and farmers’ clubs in
the State which have determined not to support any
man for public office who owns an auto!

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union $2 04
equal to 8s. (Id., or 8^ marks, or 10 Vi francs. ' ’

“ A SQUARE DEAL,”

We believe that every advertisement In this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do' not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned bv the courts
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
mouth of the time of the transaction, and you must have
User l0ned I he Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver-

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In otder to introduce i he R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

»

Automobilists in England must be as reckless as
they are here, as the Marquis of Queensberry recently
applied to a magistrate for permission to carry a rifle
and revolver to protect himself at a crossroads much
infested by motorists, near his residence. He was told
that he could carry the weapons after securing the
proper license, and it seems possible that anyone who
now tries to run down that ornament of the British
peerage will be in a position to sympathize with the
non-union driver of a Chicago coal wagon.

*

A patent insecticide is offered which is guaranteed
to drive all the worms out of the ground. If it does
that it should be left alone. It would be a foolish piece
of business to try to destroy the worms in a lawn, or in
the field. Worms are beneficial, rather than harmful,
and there is absolutely no reason why they should be
driven out of the ground. The robin is sometimes
credited with being useful because of the fact that it
eats so many worms, and that is really one of the most
seiious charges that can be brought against the bird.

The “foliage factory” described on first page is a
novel enterprise. The product does not interfere with
any farm crops. Probably the annual sales from this
two acres of glass will equal those from 500 acres of
average farm land. If the farmers undertook to pro¬
duce foliage and the glass-growers tried to grow farm
crops both would probably fail. It is all in knowing
the details of your trades and working them to best
advantage. The R. N.-Y. has thousands of readers
who are interested in glass gardening, as well as thou¬
sands more who rarely go inside of a glasshouse. The
wants of such a big family are varied. Whatever they
take up we like them to put both heart and energy
into it.

*

The actions of the Japanese before and during their
great naval victory are characteristic of the strong and
dominant qualities of the race. Every sailor, from the
Admiral down, knew that the life of the empire was
at stake. With every temptation to sail forth to meet
the enemy the Japanese controlled themselves and re¬
mained hidden in a safe hiding place until the Russians
came just where they were wanted. Then the Japanese
fell upon their enemies like a herd of tigers, with irre¬
sistible power. The American people generally sympa¬
thize with the Japanese, and glory in their victories
without knowing exactly why. They may well stop to
consider what this patient watching and tigerish spring
may mean to the world’s civilization when directed
against other nations than Russia. China has the mil¬
lions of untrained hands, and Japan has the minds for
training and equipping. There are centuries of history
yet unwritten, and Japan will do some of the writing.

*

It seems from Prof. Holden’s letter on page 454 that
Iowa started the plan of conducting experiments on
county poor farms. We learn from other sources that
these experiments are useful. 1 hey do not attempt too
much, and they interest farmers. The great picnics
and other gatherings at these farms are very useful.
We find that most of the eastern experiment station
directors are quite shy of this plan — claiming that the
conditions are quite different in the Eastern States. We
shall give their opinions with some comments soon.

*

It seems that the ginseng growers are not all dis¬
couraged yet. This is what one of them says :

It is the tricksters in the trade in dried root in New Y'ork
who are manipulating the market to their advantage. We
are taking advantage of the depression to get plants and seed
cheap.

I he R. N.-Y. will not knowingly do any injustice to
a legitimate farm industry. We learn from the best
authority we know of that the Chinese will not buy the
cultivated ginseng root. After making the statement
repeatedly no one has come forward to show that such
roots can be sold. If the dealers are depressing the
market purposely it ought to be easy to prove it.

*

Six years ago the New York Legislature passed what
is known as the Franchise Tax law. Under this law
public utilities, such as street cars, electric light, gas
and telegraph plants are taxed for their special and local
franchises. The law was important because it intro¬
duced a new principle of taxation. If it were legal a
public franchise or privilege to serve the public was
I not a private contract, but a property which came within
reach of the Government. From the first the great cor¬
porations opposed the law chiefly on the plea that It
interferes with a private contract. In effect they
claimed that the public had no interest or rights in the
service they gave after their contract had been made.
The State claimed that the right to perform this public
service constitutes a valuable and taxable property. The

The Seedless Apple Company has issued a circular in
which, among others, United States Pomologist Brackett
is quoted as endorsing the seedless apple. We sent a
copy of the circular to Prof. Brackett, asking if he had
changed his mind. As a result he has sent the follow¬
ing note to the president of the company:

A. R. S. Dokme. Dear Sir: I am just in receipt of a letter
enclosing a clipping from your circular in which you say :

"He have samples of the apple in our oflice, and Major
Brackett, Chief of the Horticultural Department of the De¬
partment of Agriculture at Washington, lias seen our apples
and expressed himself as conviced of their merit as a horti¬
cultural and commerical proposition.”

(Signed) a. r. s. dohme.

Please retract this statement immediately. It is absolutely
false. I have never expressed any such opinion of this freak
of nature. On the contrary, I have said in plainest terms
that this apple has no commercial value, in my opinion. I
demand that you make this correction. Please let me hear
from you promptly. G. B. brackett.

We are glad to say that in response to this letter Mr.
Dohme wrote that he will at once correct the statement
in his circular. He regrets that he was “apparently
misinformed.”

J

There has been so much discussion of the automobile
law passed by the New Jersey Legislature that we give
a synopsis of it. Every automobile that is driven in
the State must be numbered and licensed. Records are
kept of all owners and all transfers of vehicles. The
fee for registration is $1 for a single vehicle and $10
for manufacturers. Each car must carry three lamps,
two white in front and one red behind, all marked with
the number. J he rate of speed is limited to 20 miles
per hour, and drivers are compelled to proceed at a
“reasonable speed.” When caught racing on the public
highway or passing horses at a speed greater than a
mile in three minutes a driver of an auto may be, on
conviction, fined $100, or if the violation be willful/im-
pi isoned for 10 days. In such cases any constable or
police officer may arrest an auto driver without a war¬
rant. Various fines, ranging from $15 to $100, are pro¬
vided for, and on a second offense the fines are doubled,
or the driver may be sent to jail for 10 days. This bill
was the outcome of a contest between farmers and
horsemen on one side and automobile owners on the
other. The farmers wanted an even more stringent
law, but it was thought best to compromise at least for
the present. New Jersey, lying between New York and
Philadelphia, has more than a fair share of the “sports”
and reckless and defiant fools who seem to glory in
their ability to frighten horses and destroy life and
property. If this law is enforced so that a fair number
of these rascals can be jailed instead of fined, life may

1 he possibilities of that automobile school are dis¬
cussed on page 456 because some of our readers are
evidently considering the plan of patronizing such insti¬
tutions. When a country boy receives a suggestion that
by paying $25 he can receive instruction which will
enable him to earn $100 per month he is quite likely to
consider the suggestion a fact. The following note
from the Boston Automobile Exchange should be read

by anyone who thinks of investing $25 in such an enter¬
prise :

In our opinion, and we are the oldest automobile concern
in Boston, there is not one out of a hundred of the drivers
in Boston who are earning .$100 per month, even those who
have been in this line a year or more. We have graduates
of this and other schools asking for positions almost every
day, which would tend to show that the schools do not obtain
positions for all their graduates. As for the school in ques-
tion, it is as good as any of them, but we would not think
of hiring a graduate of any of the schools; we would much
lather have a green hand and teach him our own way.

As will be seen on page 456 an auto driver may also
be expected to act as a gentleman’s servant ! We have
no doubt that a student at such a school might obtain
a good theoretical knowledge of the business, and alsq
acquire some practice, but the chances of* obtaining ,1
good job are not good enough to make it an object to
leave a good farm.

*

On page 455 Judge Strong asks questions about lime •
that have occurred to many. The proportion of lime in
the ash of plants is far in excess of the other minerals.
For example, ordinary wood ashes contain in one ton
not far from 650 pounds of lime, 100 pounds of potash,
and less than 40 of phosphoric acid. Why, then, do
the chemists speak of three “essential elements” in
fertilizers, and why are valuations of fertilizers figured
on the basis of nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid?

I he answer made by the chemists is that while lime is
essential there is usually more than enough of it in
most soils to act as plant food. With potash and phos¬
phoric acid the case is different. While all soils contain
these elements they are mostly in an Insoluble form.

'I he plant cannot utilize them as it can the lime. Again,
phosphoric acid as usually applied in bone or dissolved
rock is a phosphate of lime, and supplies a large quan¬
tity of lime as plant food. In the majority of cases we
do not use lime for its actual plant food value, but be¬
cause of its chemical action upon the soil. This action
is varied; it sets free other plant food, notably potash,
and sweetens or neutralizes the sour soils, thus making
nitrogen more available. We use nitrogen, potash and
phosphoric acid to supply plant food directly. The
chief reason for our using lime is to fit the soil so that
more of its plant food will be available.

BREVITIES.

A “devil wagon” is made devilish by the driver.

Hope Farm furnished a sailor for the ocean yacht race,

A chip on your shoulder is an invitation for the axe at
your neck.

More nitrate of potash has been used for fertilizer this
year Ilian ever before.

The cash price paid for silage indicates about one-fourth
the feeding value of good hay !

1 he works of a man’s life are bound together. You can¬
not separate them and say one part must fairly represent the
man.

We receive a number of protests from practical sprayers
against the use of prepared limes for making Bordeaux Mix
ture.

Exports from France in 1904 amounted to $864,771,500,
lTl'lOO ^ the g°0(Is sent by parcels post amounted to $01,-

Ihe only chance for Russia seems to be in getting an
American to build a new navy and then hiring Admiral Togo
to command it !

While our soil is drying up, farmers 500 miles away are
driven from their fields by the rain. General advice doesn’t
go far in this great country.

A dough of wheat bran or cornmeal well poisoned with
arsenic or Paris-green sweetened with molasses is good bait
for cutworms. It will kill chickens as well if they get at it.

Remarkable how much less Paris-green is now thought
necessary to kill the Codling worm than was used five years
ago. Then one pound or more to 40 gallons of water was
recommended. Now one pound to 100 gallons does the busi¬
ness. Improved pumps and nozzles are mostly responsible
for the gain.

A man who says “book farmers can’t teach me anything”
was told that salt will kill wireworms. So he put a good
handful of salt around each tomato plant. The wireworms
haven’t sent an official announcement, but the tomato plants
are dead ! Salt will kill the worms if you use enough of it
to pickle them, but plants cannot stand the pickle.

Owing to the liability of celluloid to catch fire and ex¬
plode under certain conditions, the Canadian Postmaster
General has decided that articles composed of this material
may only be mailed when packed in tin boxes with tightly
fitting lids. The mailing of celluloid except so packed is
prohibited, and renders the sender liable to prosecution under
a statute regarding explosives.

ISOS.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Officers of the Nonpareil Cork Works, of
Camden, were placed on trial May 24 in the United States
Court at Trenton, N. J., charged with conspiring to prejudice
lhe Federal Steamboat Inspection Service hy putting iron
bars in cork blocks intended for life preservers. The defend¬
ants are J. II. Stone, II. C. Quintard, Charles Russ and
James Iiuss. Mr. Booraem opened the case for the Govern¬
ment, saying that it would he shown how David Kahnweiler's
Sons, of New York, had purchased cork from the defendants
to make life preservers. They purchased 1,750 cork blocks,
every eight of which were to weigh six pounds, the weight
required in life preservers by the Government regulations.
Each life preserver is made up of eight blocks. When the
blocks were delivered to the Kahnweilers, it is asserted, it
was discovered that the eight blocks only weighed five and
a half pounds. They at once told the cork works of the
deficiency. In reply, it is contended, the cork company
wrote the Kahnweilers that it would send 250 extra blocks
of heavier weights, to mix with the lighter ones. When the
heavier blocks were received Mr. Kahnweiler became sus¬
picious and examined them, finding the iron bars in them.
He telephoned to the cork company, but could get no satis¬
faction. Louis M. Kahnweiler was the first witness, and
he told in substance the story outlined by the Assistant Dis¬
trict Attorney. James J. Jones, a negro employee of the
cork company, was called to the witness stand. He swore
that he had placed the iron rods in the cork blocks and
said he had done so under the direction of James Russ,
superintendent of the plant, and in the presence of Quintard
and Charles Russ. He said he had made thousands of cork
blocks, but had never used iron rods until told to do so in
the order of 250 blocks for the Kahnweilers. A point of
*he defense was the demonstration in court before the jury
tfiat: life preservers loaded with iron bars showed a buoyancy
*f 27 pounds, whereas the Government test is but 24 pounds.
The defense is claiming that no injury was done to anyone,
and that therefore no conspiracy exists. President Roose¬
velt lias asked Congress for a law making the putting of
iron bars in life preservers a crime. . . . On May 18

the City of Philadelphia voted to lease the city gas works to
the United Gas Improvement Company for a term of seventy-
five years for .$25,000,000. The action was taken amid much
excitement, and Mayor Weaver announced himself as un¬
alterably opposed to the lease and in favor of postponing the
matter until 1007. Indignation meetings were held by Phila¬
delphia citizens, and a delegation of one hundred ministers
called on Mayor Weaver and urged him to stand boldly for
the rights of the people. On May 23 Mayor Weaver summar¬
ily dismissed David J. Smyth, Director of Public Safety, and
Peter E. Costello, Director of Public Works, two of the prin¬
cipal members of his cabinet, and declared his defiance of the
political ‘machine” which they represented. An Injunction
was secured hy the removed officials to prevent the men ap¬
pointed to succeed them from taking office, and the men re¬
moved returned to the places they had held and attempted to
perform the duties. Mayor Weaver, who had secured as
counsel Elihu Root, ex-Seeretar.v of War, and ex-.Tudge James
J. Gordon, of Philadelphia, took steps to eject the removed
officials from the offices they had resumed, holding that they
were trespassers, in the effort to regain the posts of direc¬
tors of the departments of Public Safety and Public Works,
which include all the principal municipal departments, with
ten thousand employees, the “machine” managers and adher
ents threaten to bring proceedings for impeachment against
Mayor Weaver on the ground of malfeasance in office. The
attempted lease of the gas works would rob the city of mil¬
lions, and compel the consumers to pay an excessive price for

f;as for an indefinite period. May 27. alarmed hy the public
ndignation, the gas company withdrew its offer.

The Chicago Grand jury has indicted 12 men in connec¬
tion with the death of Charles Carlstrom, the member of
the Carriage Makers’ Union, who died at the result of the
beating he received at the hands of thugs, hired by the
officials of the union, according to their own story. The in¬
dicted men are George Metier, formerly president of the
union ; Henry J. Neuman, secretary ; Charles J. Casey, busi¬
ness agent ; six members of the executive committee of the
union, and Charles Gilhooley, Marcus Looney, and Edward
Feele.v. the three men, who, it is alleged, were hired hy the
offichils of the union to beat men who did not go on strike,
or took the strikers’ places, ’l’lie indictments charge man¬
slaughter and conspiracy to commit great bodily injury.
Judge Mack has sentenced 17 Chicago schoolboys for taking
part in the strikes at public school buildings. Thirteen of
the hoys were sent to the parental school, while the other
four were remanded to the institution for boys at St. Charles.
HI. . . . The omission of the little word “not” in the

engrossed copy of the bill passed by the Wisconsin Senate,
creating a commission to control and supervise railway
rates, makes it necessary to amend the bill and pass it again.
Section 33 of the new law was intended to read that “They”
(the orders of the commission making rates) “shall not he
declared inoperative, illegal or void for any omission of a
technical nature in respect thereto.” As the bill was actually
passed by the Senate it provides that the commission’s rui-
iugs “shall be declared inoperative,” etc., for any omission of
a technical nature In respect thereto. The mistake was dis¬
covered by accident by a member of the railroad committee,
and had it not been noticed the bill would have become a law
and the railway commission would have been shorn of its
power. The situation now calls for the repassage of the bill
in the Senate with the word “not” back in the section where
it belongs . . . There was general strike rioting

in Chicago May 20 throughout the lumber yards district.
Lumber wagons returning from making deliveries were at¬
tacked by crowds at every available opportunity. Large
numbers of men, armed with clubs, slungshots, and bricks,
accompanied by jeering women and children, filled t lie side¬
walks along Centre Avenue, West Thirty-fifth street, Loomis
street, and Archer avenue, waiting for wagons, which were
believed to be unguarded. At Archer and Loomis streets
trucks appeared with one policeman on each. The drivers
were immediately bombarded with bricks and stones and
several air rifles were brought into play. A bullet from one
of these wounded policeman James Fitzpatrick in the rigjit
hand. The policemen drew revolvers and fired over the
heads of the rioters, holding them at bay until the driv¬
ers reached the yards. Fierce rioting broke out at West
Madison and Canal streets. An American Express Company
wagon was stopped by strikers, and the mob seized the wheels
of the wagon in an attempt to overturn it. A riot call
brought three patrol wagons loaded with officers. The
police charged the crowd and arrested everybody they could
lay hands on. They loaded the three patrol wagons full of
men. and made three trips to the station house, carrying
prisoners each time, but every time they returned the jeer¬
ing crowd was larger. Forty-two arrests were made.

It is announced here that the Standard Oil Company
has purchased 100,000 acres of land in Eastern North Car¬
olina. containing several million feet of gum timber, from
which oil barrels will be manufactured at a cooperage plant
to be established on the line of the projected Virginia and
Carolina Coast Railroad, which is to run into Norfolk.

THE EASTERN WAR.— May 27-28 a great naval battle
was fought in the Straits of Korea, in which the Russian fleet
was practically destroyed, only three small vessels escaping
Official statement of Russian losses so far as ascertained :
Following six battleships sunk : Ivniaz Souvaroff, Imperator,
Alexander III, Borodino, Oslyabya. Sissio Velikv and Navarin.
Following five cruisers sunk : Admiral Nakhimoff. Dmitri
Donskoi, Vladimir Monomakh, Svietlana and Jemchug. Coast
defence ship Admiral Ousliakoff sunk. Two special service
ships, Kamtchatka and three destroyers also sunk. Two
battleships, Orel and Impebator Nicholas I : two coast de¬
fence ships, General Admiral Apraxine and Admiral Senjan-
vin. and one destroyer reported captured. Thus Russians
lost altogether 22 ships, the aggregate tonnage whereof
amounted to 153.411 tons. Reports thus far received
indicate that Admiral Togo obtained a victory without loss
or serious damage of a single battleship or cruiser. His
casualties are not reported, but are insignificant. It is be¬
lieved that the Russian casualties are heavy, although the
Japanese appear to have rescued a large number. The cap¬
tured ships, with prisoners and wounded, are arriving at
Sasebo. A number of Russian prisoners were landed on
Tsu Tsland. Three hundred, believed to be from the trans¬
port Ural, have been landed on the Iwami coast.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The Grange fie’ 1 meeting at
Amber, N. Y., on the shore of Otisco Lake. June 14. should
be a success Worthy State Master E. B. Norris is to make
the principal address. Excelsior Grange No. 456, Is doing

everything possible to “gladden the heart” of everyone
that attends.

A joint meeting of the Ohio State Forestry Society and Col¬
umbus Horticultural Society will be held in Townshend Hall,
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Saturday, June 10.

The next bi ennial meeting of the American Bornological
Society— the twenty-ninth in the history of the organization
— will be held in Kansas City, August 8-10. The meeting
goes to Kansas City at the earnest request of the Missouri
Horticultural Society, backed by the horticultural societies
of the Mississippi Valley and Western States in general.

CROP PROSPECTS.

The Baldwins that did not bear heavy last year are set
fairly well, same as the Greenings; but I cannot see more
than 60 per cent of last year’s crop in sight now, and after
the June drop that may be materially reduced. Small fruits
seem to be set well. t. b. w.

Hall’s Corners, N. Y.

There is a larger crop of potatoes planted this year in
Jamesport than there was last year. Potatoes are coming
up well, also corn. There are a good many cauliflowers to
be set out in June or July. Farmers are making money
from potatoes and cauliflowers. Cabbage seed is a light crop
here. There is a big crop of grass ; it is looking well now.
A good crop of wheat is expected this Fall. Rye is about
five feet high now. Farms are selling very high ; Long Is¬
land is the place for farmers to make money. h. p. t.

Jamesport, L. I.

The prospects for a good crop of fruit this season in
this locality are very promising. Peaches, pears, plums and
cherries are setting very full. Apples are just in blossom,
and present indications are that some varieties will be more
abundant than last year ; perhaps not as many Baldwins and
Kings. Weather conditions this Spring have been very favor¬
able for fruit thus far. Recent rains have given practical
assurance of a good hay crop. Wheat, and oats look well.
Early potatoes are coming up nicely. Corn planting has just
begun. Altogether the season is earlier than usual, and
very flattering for good crops of all kinds. f. s.

Lewiston, N. Y.

Judging from bloom I should say apples would be 50 per
cent of las’: year ; plums about: the same. Peaches consid¬
erably better than last year, but then peaches are very un¬
certain here ; about one crop in three or four years and not
enough raised for local consumption. I supposed that where
peaches failed Japan plums would fall, hut find that Burbank
and Abundance are as sure here as Europeans, rarely a
failure. Cherries blossomed immensely, but the result is
light with sour and fair to good with sweet. Currants and
gooseberries promise to be moderate. Strawberries good.
Cherries have been light for three or four years. a. i. i,.

North East, Pa.

The prospect at. present is good for all kinds of fruit.
The season has been cold, but frequent rains have given
about the right amount of moisture. Insect enemies are
not plenty; have not seen a tent caterpillar's nest this sea¬
son. The blossoms are just falling from the apple trees,
and every careful fruit grower is preparing to give the trees
a thorough spraying to head off any insects and fungus
that may appear. Though the season is backward yet all
kinds of farm crops are promising. Wheat and grass came
through the Winter in line condition, and are looking extra
good. The outlook for fruit is better than a year ago.

Hilton, N. Y. b. w. b.

I hardly think it time for the Apple Consumers’ League
to disband. The apple trees blossomed very full here, except
the Baldwins. I doubt if there are one-tenth as many Bald¬
win blossoms as usual. Greenings, Spies, Roxbury Russets,
Tolman, Blush and Twenty Ounce are vying with each other
in their beauty. It looks as though every blossom is trying
to turn itself into an apple. Pears seem 'to be setting well ;
a good bloom on peaches. I have not heard about prospects
for peaches. Weather has been ideal ; no hard rain or thun¬
der storms during blossoming time. Wheat and grass are
doing finely: rather cool for oats to start well; no barley
raised here now. A great many potatoes are planted for so
early in the season. About 8,000 barrels of apples yet in big
cold storage house. i. n. s.

Albion, N. Y.

At present the fruit crop is very encouraging. Apples and
pears blossomed profusely, and the weather conditions were
good, warm and dry. giving bees a good chance to work
among the pollen. We had some killing frosts the week of
May 22, but they did very little if any damage except to
strawberries and garden truck. At the present writing I
should say that the apple crop in the Hudson River Valley
will be fully equal to last, year’s crop with the exception of
Baldwins, which is the off year in most orchards. Green¬
ings are very heavily set, and it looks as though there would
be more Bartlett pears than last season. All peach orchards
that survived the Winter of 1904 are heavily set. with fruit
also. The outlook for hay and grain is very poor, and these
crops will be ’way below the average. s. s. d.

Stuyvesant Falls, N. Y.

The present outlook for fruit in this section of the Hudson
Valley Is excellent. Apples, which were pretty short this
last season in this vicinity, promise well. Peaches at pres¬
ent date look like a full crop. Pears will be reduced in
quantity in this section for some years to come, owing to the
great devastation to orchards from the severity of the Win¬
ter of a year ago. Orchards that escaped with little injury
promise fairly well. Sweet cherries are variable, some good.
Small fruits good. It is pretty dry here at the present time,
and the strawberry crop will suffer if rain is delayed any
length of time. The hay crop is needing rain very much,
also oats. There is a very large dairy interest in this countv
and farmers are feeling quite concerned over the dry condi¬
tions, there having been no good soaking rains since the
frost came out of the ground. j. r. c.

Newburgh, N. Y.

Cherries very heavy bloom, with fruit getting thinner
each day. Prospectively the crop a good half cron. Peaches
are quite promising where care is taken and scale is kept
down. Very few orchards are left, and a small proportion
of what trees are left are looked after as regards the scale.
Plums a general failure: pears were full of bloom, some
varieties a very full set of fruit, but I look for not over one-
quarter average crop. Apples are promising a half crop: a
noticeable deficiency in first earlies ; second earlies a better
prospect, but not an average except the Bough apple : trees
of this kind a very full set. All trees that were heavily
leaded last year show little fruit this year. It is impossi¬
ble for a tree average years to produce two heavy crops of
fruit in succession. It is only done with good cultivation, and
abundance of rain during August and September. Wheat is
a very fine show ; oats are also good, grass is short owing
to cool mornings down to frost every morning for a week
and quite dry. Most of the corn is planted, and after the
fine rain of May 29 will be likely to grow rapidly. Potatoes
are looking good ; stock is in good condition : everything Is
done for milk production. i. j. Blackwell.

Mercer Co., N. J.

Rriefly stated the fruit prospect in central New Jersey is
about as follows at this time, June 1. Apples, some vari¬
eties a full crop: others a very light setting: probably will
average a good half of a crop. Pears vary according to age
of trees and other conditions from a very light setting to a
fair crop : on a fair average, could be called 30 per cent of a
crop. Peaches a full crop on most varieties of all age trees:
unless the June drop is very severe many varieties will have
to be thinned to get good fruit. Plums almost a failure of
nearly all varieties of the Japan strain : the European and
native varieties a fair setting, but rot will probably destroy
them as usual. Cherries, sour varieties, a good crop: Gov.
Wood and other sweet grafted varieties about 50 per cent
of a crop: probably nearly enough for the birds: this will
be cheerful news to those sickly sentimentalists, who advo¬
cate the protection of the birds at the expense of the fruit
growers. The small fruits promise a large crop, except
blackberries, which were badly winter-killed: the Ward
seems to be hardier than other varieties. The general light
setting of fruits is a disappointment, as we never had a
greater quantity of blossoms on all kinds of fruit trees: the
late frosts, tip to and after the middle of May. probably
caused the damage. As to the cereal crops, I would say.
wheat and rye promise a full crop® oats look well, but need
rain. Corn is coming up nicely: much of it was planted
late, owing to ground being too dry for cultivation. Pota¬
toes are doing well ; the bugs are here in full force, and

46 1

appear to be very active and healthy. The fruit crop as
compared with last year is about as follows: As many
apples, fewer pears and plums, a full crop of peaches, while
last year they were a failure; the smaller fruits a much
better crop, but these are only grown in a small way ; most
farmers don’t grow enough for home consumption.

Belle Mead, N. J. _ w. h. s.

BRIEFLY ANSWERED.

When to Cut Wheat Hay.

When is the proper stage to cut: wheat for hay? ,t. b.

Florisant, Mo.

We cut wheat when the first heads are observed In the
dough stage, that is, when the berries crush into a milky
fluid when pressed between the linger nails. Cut the wheat
with the mower and cure like clover hay.

Second Crop Potatoes.

Can early potatoes of the first crop be used for seed for a
second crop when nearly mature, If they are exposed to the
light a few days before planting? a. i. w.

Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Such potatoes make good seed, but it is difficult to sprout
them. A few days in the light, will not answer. Read the
notes on page 372.

Sweef Corn or Cane for Fodder.

How will it do to sow sweet corn broadcast for fodder to
be used either green or dry? I think I have seen it grown
that way, but do not know the result, neither do I know the
best way to cover the corn. I should be glad for information
in regard to it ; it certainly saves a lot of hoeing.

Massachusetts. g. w. h.

This plan will answer. Sow the large kinds like Ever¬
green or Mammoth. We have sown such corn by scattering
it on the rough furrows and harrowing in with an Acme
harrow with the teeth put as flat as possible. Drilling in
close drills would be better for large seed. We have obtained
better results by sowing Early Amber cane, about three pecks
to the acre. We soak the seed in warm water and broadcast
like rye or wheat. The soil should be In good condition.
The cane makes good green fodder, but, like sweet corn, is
hard to cure, especially in a wet Fall.

Insect on Strawberries.

I send a bug which is eating our strawberry plants, and
a leaf showing some of its work. Will you tell us what
to do to stop the destruction, and something about the bug?

Oswego Falls, N. Y. h. a. b.

The Insect proved to lie one of the leaf-eating beetles, and
a first cousin of the well-known Colorado Potato beetle. The
strawberry eater is scientifically known as Chrysomela sutu-
ralis. It. has been recorded as injurious on opening peach
buds in Michigan. The beetles hibernate and come forth
with hungry appetites in the Spring, attacking tender vege¬
tation wherever they find it. Nothing seems to he known
about their further life history. They may not again appear
in the correspondent's strawberry bed in several years. If
they do at. all. They will doubtless quickly succumb to a
thorough application of a poison spray, the same as is ap¬
plied to kill the Potato beetle. M. v. slingekland.

Orange Winter Apple.

What, kind of an apple is the Winter Orange? Has it any
other name? It came with some trees I bought; I never
heard of it before. Is it: a long keeper or Is it. as good as
King, Baldwin or Spy, or other Winter apples?

Boston, Mass. J. b.

The Orange Winter apple is not very well known. This
name has recently been changed to Newell, by which it is
now listed by the American Bornological Association and by
the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.. in Bul¬
letin No. 56, Bureau of Plant. Industry. The Newell or
Winter Orange -apple originated in Wisconsin and is de¬
scribed as a very vigorous, productive, late keeping variety
of good quality. We have no means of knowing whether it
is as good or valuable as Baldwin or Northern Spy. These
are standard kinds, and are quite reliable in many localities.
Whether the Newell will prove as useful as these varieties
remains for the future to tell.

BUSINESS BITS.

A windmill insurance policy is issued on the Goodhue wind¬
mills and towers by the manufacturers, the Appleton Mfg. Co.
of Batavia. Ills. For a small fee they issue a regular issnr-
ance policy running five years, agreeing to furnish free all
repairs needed to keep the outfit in first class running
order, and to replace any parts, furnishing an entire new
outfit, if necessary for any outfit wrecked in storms or in any
other way, no matter what the cause. Write Appleton Mfg.
Co., Batavia, Ill., for an attractive booklet on windmills
and windmill Insurance.

The Harder Mfg. Co., Cobleskill, New York, are entitled to
be called “the pioneers of the round silo industry.” Before
silos were known as commercial articles, they began to In¬
troduce them to the public, and soon brought but the famous
Harder Patent Continuous Open Front. The silo business of
the Harder Company has constantly increased, as this firm
aims to manufacture the best silo that money can produce.
The Harder silos are in use in nearly every state east of the
Mississippi river and many Government and State Institu¬
tions are equipped with them.

The Cream Separator has proven its utility for farm use.
In many cases it would be more profitable to sell a cow to
pay for a separator, rather than do without one. Farmers
with five to ten cows have found that a separator actually
added to the profits as much as another cow would. They
would have to pay for the keep of the extra cow, but the
separator makes the profit and “keeps” itself. In looking
at a separator, pay careful attention to the construction of
its operating parts. A cheap separator, like other cheap
apparatus, gives cheap service. The Vermont Farm Ma¬
chine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt., manufacturers of the United
States Separators, that hold the world’s record for closest
skimming, have applied to the separator problem a success¬
ful manufacturing experience of over 30 years. Dron them
a postal card for a handsome little hook, entitled “The
Dairy.” which contains profitable information for every
farmer milking cows.

If any man wishes an unanswerable argument as to the
value of a oil stove, let him offer to take charge of the fam¬
ily ironing on a warm June day : let him stand by a big coal
range, in a small kitchen, and there let him wrestle with the
children’s starched clothes, while he keeps one eye on the
day’s baking, and wonders whether a seven times heated
furnace could be much hotter than the atmosphere in which
a tired woman often works for hours at a stretch. If used
for no other purpose, a modern oil stove (which Is very dif¬
ferent from the ill-smelling and often dangerous stoves of the
old types) would pay for itself in one season in the addi¬
tional comfort given on ironing day. When we add to this
the fact that it is only in use when heat is needed, so that
the kitchen may be kept cool and comfortable, that it bakes
admirably, and that it is always ready for a quick meal, we
see a few of the advantages of an oil stove. For circulars
and fuller information address the World Mfg. Co., 5934
World Bldg., Cincinnati, O.

Last year the Geneva, N. Y., Experiment Station made
potato spraying experiments on a large scale, and
the results given in Bulletin No. 264 show the
effectiveness of Bordeaux as a preventive of Potato blight.
The volunteer tests of 41 farmers showed au average increased
yield of 58 bushels per acre. The percentage of
culls in the unsprayed rows was much larger than where
sprayed. In order to do effective work, the Bordeaux Mix¬
ture should be applied with a first class spraying machine,
one capable of giving 75 to 100 pounds pressure, the high
pressure being necessary in order to obtain the fine, mlst-
like spray which covers the leaves and stalks of the plants
thoroughly. One of the best known and most widely used
spraying machines on the market is the Aspinwall four-row
sprayer made at Jackson. Mich., by the Aspinwall Mfg. Co.
With this machine from 20 to 25 acres of potatoes can be
sprayed per day and the vines kept free from bugs and blight
with comparatively little labor and expense. The company
will be glad to mail their catalogue post free to anyone in¬
terested.

June 10,

462 THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

From Day to Day.

OFT IN TIIE STILLY NIG1IT.

Oft in the stilly night,

Ere slumber's chain has bound me,
Fond Memory brings the light
Of other days around me:

The smiles, the tears,

Of boyhood’s years,

The words of love then spoken ;

The eyes that shone,

Now dimmed and gone,

The cheerful hearts now broken.

Thus in the stilly night,

Ere slumber’s chain has bound me,

Sad Memory brings the light
Of other days around me.

When I remember all

The friends so linked together
I've seen around me fall,

Like leaves in wintry weather,

I feel like one
Who treads alone
Some banquet hall deserted,

Whose lights are Hed,

Whose garlands dead,

And all but be departed;

Thus in the stilly night

Ere slumber's chain lias bound me
Sad Memory brings the light
Of other days around ine.

— Thomas Moore (1779-1852).

*

When cooking a pot roast or beef
loaf pour a can of tomatoes over it. It
will absorb much of the flavor and be
delicious.

Fried salsify is a delicate dish, worth a
little extra trouble. Parboil, drain, roll
lightly in a floured cloth, and then fry to
a delicate brown in deep fat. Drain from
the fat, and give a little dusting of cay
enne pepper, Serve with a garnish of
lemon.

*

Dainty walnut wafers are made thus:
Break two eggs into a bowl, add one cup
of granulated sugar and stir well. Mix
in thoroughly one cup of chopped Eng¬
lish walnuts and three-quarters of a cup
of sifted flour. Drop on buttered pans,
allowing plenty of room for them to
spread, and bake in a quick oven until a
delicate brown.

jfc

White washing belts are a very satis¬
fying part of the Summer wardrobe. They
are of linen, duck and canvas, and cost
from 25 cents to $2.50. A great many of
the linen belts are embroidered ; some are
finished with a gun metal or nickel buckle,
others with a crocheted ring. Some pret¬
ty and inexpensive belts are made of two-
inch I lamburg insertion lined with a color
and edged with narrow linen binding. A
pretty adjunct to a cotton shirtwaist dress
is a belt of the same material, edged with
white linen binding.

*

Before canning or preserving, be sure
that there are plenty of fresh rubber rings
for the jars. There is no economy and
much risk in using old rubbers, as their
object is to obtain an elastic cushion under
the lid, and this elasticity is gone after
a year’s use. When fruit is canned in the
jars, it is possible to prepare a large
quantity at once by cooking one batch in
a washboiler over a fire, and another in
a pan of water in the oven. The cans are
set in cold water, which is allowed to
come to a boil.

*

A box of assorted rubber bands is a
small investment, but a great convenience
in the household. Many an untidy pack¬
age is made and kept neat and compact
by this agency. When putting away rem¬
nants of fond in the ice-box, it is often
a convenience to cover open vessels with
tissue paper, held in place by an elastic
band; this will prevent strongly flavored
articles from contaminating other food in
the same compartment. Waxed paper is
an excellent material for wrapping up food

in the ice-box, or for picnic lunches.

*

We recently tested a prune pie which
was a sudden inspiration on the part of
the cook. A pie tin was covered with a

rich crust and then half filled with a
layer, of stewed prunes and their juice,
the stones having been removed. Over
the prunes a custard was poured, made
by beating up one egg and a teacupful of
milk, a little nutmeg being grated over
the top. 'file pie was baked until the
custard was set, and was pronounced deli¬
cious. Little patty pans lined with pie
crust and filled with the same material,
are prune fanchonettes.

*

The sleeves with full puffed top now
fashionable are fitted very closely at the
wrist, and to secure this fit a small open¬
ing should be left fastened by buttons and
loops. The opening is made at the. thumb
side of the sleeve, and the little buttons
used must be inconspicuous. Where it is
impossible to match the dress material
“ring buttons” are used. Little brass rings,
such as are used with hooks in place of
eyes, are covered by buttonholing with

twist of the same color. The ring is then
crossed from side to side with the silk,
twisted and meeting at the center, so that
the ring may be sewn on. Buttonholed
loops of twist fasten over them.

*

An example of business reciprocity is
thus described by the Youth’s Companion :
The owner of the Makepeace Flour .Mills
looked sternly at the provision dealer, who
had for some years supplied the wants of
bis household.

“Those last apples you sent us were
good,” he said, with a keen eye fixed on
the other man’s face, “but they were in
undersized barrels, my wife tells me,
smaller than ever before. She says that
the three barrels would scarcely make
two and a half of the proper size. How
do you account for it ?”

“1 can’t,” said the provision dealer, with
apparent distress of mind. “I snum, I
can’t! There I bad my wife send me
down three of your barrels that we’ve
been getting flour in, and just packed the
apples in aijd headed ’em with burlap. For,
says 1 to her, ‘1 believe in reciprocity, and
I’m bound he shall have just as good
measure of apples as we get of flour,’ I
says. Now don’t it beat all?”

Thou wilt find it less easy to uproot
faults than to choke them by gaining vir¬
tues. — Ruskin.

Cherry Recipes; Cotton -Seed

Oil.

It is seldom that we write to you, except
to renew our subscription or to ask for a
rose, tun none the less <lo we appreciate the
character of your periodical, and the earnest
effort you make to keep your readers warned
against dishonest advertisements. Tub R.
N.-Y. is one of the few papers which believe
that it is the business of money to make
men. not of men to make money.

\Ve have grown tired of canned fruit, and
if you can give information on the following
points it will be appreciated: How to make
candied cherries. How to prepare cherries
like the Maraschino cherries on sale in deli¬
catessen shops, or as near like them as an
amateur can hope to prepare them. Any
other method of keeping cherries full meated
without shrinking.

What is the comparative nutritive value of
cotton-seed oil and olive oil? It has been
staled that cotton-seed oil is very desirable
for table use, being much cheaper than olive
oil, but I have an idea that good machine oil
might come under the same recommendation.

c. D. L.

We arc unable to give directions for
making candied cherries, and hope some
reader of The R. N.-Y. may be able to
supply the desired information. Mrs.
Rorer gives a recipe for “conserved fruit,”
which may be found desirable. For this,

make a syrup from a pound of sugar and
a half-pint of water; stir until the sugar
is dissolved, then boil quickly for three
or four minutes. Try by dipping a little
in cold water; if it forms a small ball
when rolled between the finger and thumb
it has attained the desired degree. Throw
the fruit to be conserved, a little at a
time, into this syrup; let it simmer for a
moment, then lift out with a skimmer,
draining free from all syrup. Sprinkle
sugar thickly over boards or tin pans,
place the fruit over it in a single layer,
sprinkle over thickly with granulated
sugar, and place in the oven or sun to
dry. When dry, make a syrup as before,
and just before it reaches the “ball” de¬
gree add the fruit; stir with a wooden
spoon until it begins to grain and sticks
to the fruit. When cold, sift off the
sugar and put out again to dry. When
dry, place in layers in boxes, between
sheets of waxed paper, and keep in a cool,
dry place.

The process of making Maraschino
cherries is a trade secret. The liqueur
Maraschino, in which they are preserved,
is distilled from fermented cherry juice
flavored with cherry stones from a cherry
growing in Dalmatia.

We can give a family recipe for cherry
preserve that keeps the fruit “full-meat-
ed,” and it can be highly recommended for
its delicious flavor. Pit the cherries,

THE MEN WILL SOON BE IN. Fig. i‘)4.

When you write advertisers mention Tub
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Banner Lye

10 lbs hard soap or 20 gallons soft soap
Costs 10 cents Takes 10 minutes No boiling

makes pure soap

It Feels Good

on your face and your
face always feels soft and
smooth, if you use

WILLIAMS’ iHovAH®

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly."

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury. Conn.

A KALAMAZOO

Direct to You"

Wo will semi you iliroct
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prepaid, any Kalamazoo
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cutting out all dealers,’ jobbers.’ middlemen’s
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UV fit all our ranges and cook
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AT

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Write to-day for
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TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATEHIAI, FOR

FARMERS’ LI DIES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list l'rou. 'The

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78 ContralAvo., Cleveland, O.

Money Required

until you receive and approve of your
bicycle. IVe ship to anyone on

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Finest guaranteed f f~l 4* OX

1905 Models ip MU to

with Coaster-Brakes & i’uucturelcss Tires.
1008 K 1901 : ll„ de ls (f 7 ,
of Best Makes.... v* d tO ip ! dZ
SOO Second-Hand Whcola
All mokes & Mod- BP Q ^
els good as now 1 ° O

GKJiAT 1' ACT OK Y Cl. TAKING SACK.
It I unit AUKNTH WANTED in each town at good
pay. IV rite at onceior catalog and Special Offer.

TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, w -o CHICAGO

tMRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

Dy Millions of Mothers for their
Teethl

has been used bt

children while Teething for over Fifty Years.
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

PISO'S CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

1905.

463

which must be perfect ripe fruit, weigh,
and put in a preserving kettle, allowing
three-quarters of a pound of sugar to each
pound of fruit. Do not add any water;
the juice and sugar make the syrup.
Bring to a boil, and boil for 20 minutes,
stirring to avoid burning and skimming
to keep clear. Skim out the fruit, putting
on shallow platters, pour the syrup over,
and cover with clean panes of glass.
Put the platters out in the sun, and keep
outdoors three days, bringing in at night.
Then put in jars, like any other preserve.
The sun cooks the syrup to a honey-like
consistence, and the flavor is delicious.
Strawberries cooked the same way have
all the rich fragrance of the fresh fruit.

Nutritive value is not so much the
point considered in table oil as flavor.

A purified cotton-seed oil, from which
the strong flavor is eliminated, is sold
under the name of “table oil’’ for about
$1 a gallon. It is satisfactory for many
cooking purposes, for frying fritters, cro¬
quettes, etc., but is not considered so
desirable for cooking fish or oysters, as it
shrivels them somewhat. It is not found
agreeable as a salad oil by those accus¬
tomed to good olive oil, as there is a
certain rankness of flavor; however, we
are told that much “olive oil’’ on the mar¬
ket is really cotton-seed oil strained
through olive pomace. Many .of the man¬
ufactured fats sold as substitutes for lard
consist of cotton-seed oil in combina¬
tion with beef suet or other tallows. We
do not use these manufactured fats other
than lard, preferring to “try out” and
clarify suet or drippings ourselves, as we
dislike the flavor of the manufactured
combinations. There is. of course, a de¬
cided difference between “table oil” (cot¬
ton-seed) at $1 a gallon, and imported
olive oil at CO cents a quart can, hut so
long as we continue to eat salad our
preference will be given to the latter.
It appears, too, that olive oil is assimilated
much more readily than cotton-seed oil,
which would give a higher nutrient value,
even if it is not shown by chemical an¬
alysis. _

Suggestions ill Mush.

I Tot Molded Cereal. — Cook rolled wheat
the evening before needed. Any oilier
cereal may be used. Turn into cups to
mold. In the morning put the cups in a
steamer over boiling water until hoi;
unmold and place three or four stoned
dates on the top of each mold.

Virginia Mush. — Boil two and one-half
quarts of water iu iron or porcelain ket¬
tle. When boiling hard sprinkle slowly
into it one pint sifted cornmeal, stirring
constantly. Add two teaspoonfuls salt and
boil evenly and slowly for about an hour,
when it should be boiled down one-half.
Serve with cream and butter. What re¬
mains is excellent fried or scalloped with
cheese.

Farina Mush. — Put in a kettle one quart
fresh milk and .. teaspoonful of butter; let
it boil; add a scant teaspoonful of salt and
stir in a small teacupful of farina; let it
slowly sift through the finger.s to prevent
lumps, stir until as thick as oatmeal mush.
Cook 20 minutes and serve with sugar
and cream. Ground cinnamon spread over
it tastes very good.

Graham Mush. — Stir two cups of
graham flour into one quart slightly salt¬
ed boiling water; boil until thick. Just
before removing from fire add one-half
cup each of chopped figs and seedless
raisins.

Brewis. — Put through the grinder dried
brown bread until you have a large cof-
« fee cupful. Stir in a saltspoonful of salt
and a scant pint of boiling milk, with a
lump of butter the size of a walnut melted
in it. Let thicken and serve.

Whole Wheat. — Select a good quality )f
grain, new if possible; wash through sev¬
eral waters, and boil like rice, in plenty
of water, till tender. Drain, and when
served heat in a steamer or double boiler,
and serve with cream, milk or stewed
fruit. Heated in milk, with sugar, spice
and raisins, we have frumenty or fur¬
mety, still a Christmas dish in some parts
of England, and supnosed to be the orig¬
inal ancestor of plum pudding.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rurtil Patterns.

Simple blouses made with shallow
squares of lace at the neck arc much in
vogue and are exceedingly becoming to
young girls, In whom their simplicity is
well suited. No. 4949 is shirred over
the shoulders and on to the sleeves, so giv¬
ing the broad effect, and also includes
sleeves made with double puffs above the
elbows. The waist is made with a fitted
lining on which the full front and backs

are arranged, and is closed invisibly at
the center back. Both front and backs
are shirred at the shoulders and gathered
at the waist line, and the square of lace,
or tiny chemisette, is arranged over the
lining on indicated lines. The sleeves are
made over fitted linings, which are faced
to form the cuffs, and which serve to
hold the shirrings in place. The belt is
one of the shaped ones of the season
and is closed with the waist at the back.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 3->4 yards 21, 2J4 yards
27 or 144 yards 44 inches wide. The pat¬
tern 4949 is cut in sizes for girls of 12,
14 and Id years of age; price 10 cents.

Skirts slightly gored and shirred at their
upper edges to give a yoke effect are
among the latest shown for young girls.
No. 4948 is laid in three tucks of gen¬
erous width and is well adapted to all
seasonable materials, the many washable
ones as well as wool and the like. The

4948 Misses’ Tucked Five Gored Skirt,
1 2 to 1 6 yrs.

skirt is cut in five gores, which provide
sufficient fullness at the upper edge, with
graceful and becoming folds at the lower
portions, and are so shaped as to launder
with success. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 5)4 yards
21, 5)4 yards 27, or yards 44 inches
wide. The pattern 4948 is cut in sizes for
girls of 12, 14 and 1G years of age; price
II) cents. _

Convenient Screens.

The person who planned the cottage in
which we live arranged things so con¬
veniently that 1 have been wondering why
all men could not do the same. The one
thing that appeals to me so particularly
just now does not seem to be very diffi¬
cult or expensive. Every door, window,
and ventilator about the place is well

screened, even to those going under the
house. By the way, his manner of ven¬
tilating, for a small unpretentious place,
is away ahead of any 1 have heretofore
met with. It is a one-storied cottage,
and over the stove in the kitchen there is
a ventilator up through the roof, another
like it goes up in the center of the bath¬
room, and still another from the dining¬
room into the garret, where a pipe lets the
heated air outside. But the screens over
these, and all other openings, were what I
wanted to call especial attention to.

The windows have full-length wire
screens, on good frames, which are
fastened to the casing above, while the
lower half is hinged to the upper, with a
hook at the bottom to catch into a staple
in the sill. When flies get in the
room the window shade can be pulled
down half way, when they will settle on
the lower half of the screen, which, be¬
ing shoved outward, a quick “swish” of
the duster will send them out of doors.
It is the very easiest way of getting flies
out that T have ever tried. Both sashes
of the windows raise and lower with
pulleys in the casement, so that, with the
screens so arranged, both sashes can be
washed, outside and in, without climbing
on a chair, or doing any reaching.

Having the screens the full length of the
window allows a thorough ventilation of
ihc rooms, above and below, which we all
know to be the only perfect way. The
kitchen door opens on a small porch, and
is so close to a “built-in” cupboard that
the doors would interfere but for strong
spring hinges on both, and the former has
the upper panels cut out smoothly, and
wire screen put over the outside, which
does away with the bother of an extra
door on a small porch, also the opening
and shutting of the two, cool or rainy
days. The panels are fixed so that they
can be replaced at any time, having a
ridge to set them in and a button to hold
them in place.

T do not see that any of this would be
very expensive, considering the fact that
the screens will last many years longer if
put up in this way, and the time it would
take extra would be overbalanced by the
saving it would be of repairs in the fu¬
ture, for you know how often a good
piece of screen is ruined by the usual care¬
less way of putting them up. Then what
a convenience to the housekeeper, who
has so many things, great and small, to
do during fly time. hale cook.

The Bookshelf.

William Htckling Prescott, by Harry
Thurston Peck. This biography is a re¬
cent issue in the English Men of Letters
series. Prof. Peck gives a careful study
of Prescott’s character, and of the causes
that led him to take up historical compo¬
sition. Every reader of The Conquest of
Mexico or of Ferdinand and Isabella will
gain insight into the historian’s style by
a careful reading of his biography. Prof.
Peck acknowledges his indebtedness to
Ticknor’s earlier biography of Prescott,
but many other sources of information
have been studied and referred to. The
book is pleasantly written, and will prove
as interesting to the general reader as to
the student. Published by the Macmillan
Company, New York; cloth; ISO pages;
price 75 cents net; postage, six cents ad¬
ditional.

flow to Know Wild Fruits, by Maude
Gridley Peterson. Many a flower lover,
who is “getting acquainted” with the
wild plants, finds himself puzzled when
flowers give way to fruits. Even the
most casual acquaintance with botanica
description enables one to identify indi¬
vidual blossoms, but it is more puzzling to
look at unknown fruits or berries, later
in the season, when mature growth al¬
ters the appearance of the plant. For
this reason Mrs. Peterson’s hook will be
welcome to a great many ; it is profusely
illustrated, and gives clear, concise de¬
scriptions of about 200 familiar plants.
Care has been taken in giving common,
proper and varietal names, following fa¬
miliar usage as well as the latest scien¬
tific ruling. From early Summer unti
the fall of the leaf this book will form
a useful companion for a country ram¬
ble. Well printed and handsomely bound/
340 pages; published by the Macmillan
Company. New York; price $1.50 net;
postage 12 cents additional.

1% HIGHER DIVIDEND
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!H*25 iipunrd, willi-
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•lays’ notice.

Investments bear earn
I rigs from day received
to day withdraw n.
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CKAUClIINfl PtvemlKiitimi or
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present standing, *ml itn con-
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Investment.

Wo pay you r> p. r. purannntn
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MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
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WE 9UKK TIIE UIGIIT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

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Monarch
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Galled horses — best, cheapest
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66

FUNIA”

Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.

The wheels of the
gods griud slow but
exceedingly small.” 8o the woovtl, but you can stop

u”w“S"‘“,Funia Carbon Bisulphide

EDWARD It. TAYLOIt, Penn Yaw, N. Y.

BUILD UP

your Health and
Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a. pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
SET for WOMEN, CHILDREN ^nd MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

464

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 10,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, June 10, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

A Veteran’s Plea for Silage . 454

Which Field for Alfalfa . 454

How the Farm Women Help . 455

An Excellent Connecticut Silo . 455

Fertility of the Land . 455

Hope Farm Notes . 459

Crop Prospects . 401

When to Cut Wheat Hay . 401

Second Crop Potatoes . . .’ . 401

Sweet Corn or Cane for Fodder . 401

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Wyandottes and Dark Eggs . 406

Horses In Western New York . 406

Right of Tenants to Manure . 406

Carnivarous Sheep . 460

Raising a Jersey Calf . 407

Ripening Cream; Use of Starter . 407

Care of St. Bernard Dog . 467

Cribbing Horses . 407

HORTICULTURE.

Greens Under Glass . 453, 454

Plan for a New England Orchard.... 454

The Value of An Orchard Tree . 455

Dying Apple Trees . 456

Weed Killer . 450

Handy Seed-Sowing Device . 457

Influence of Stock Upon Graft . 457

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 458

Insect on Strawberries . 461

Orange Winter Apple . 461

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Upy to Day . 462

Cherry Recipes; Cotton-seed Oil.... 462, 463

Suggestions in Mush . 403

The Rural Patterns . 463

The Bookshelf . | 403

MISCELLANEOUS.

Iowa Experiments at County Poor Farms 454

Extra Hand Power on a Pump . 455

Beehives and Other Incubators . 455

Cement for Silo . 456

A School for Automobiling . 456

Publisher’s Desk . 465

COUNTRY'-DRESSKD

Calves, prime veal .

to good .

Fair
Poor
Spring

@

(u

MEATS.
. 9 €

. 8
. 6

lambs, head . 2.00

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, lb . 13

Chickens, fancy, broilers, lb. . . 40

Mixed sizes . 17

Fowls . —

Ducks . 17

Squabs, dozen . 1.50

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 5.35

Bulls . 3.00

Cows . 1.90

Dressed beef . g

Milch cows with calves . 20.. 00

Calves, veal . 4. 00

Sheep . 3.50

Lambs . 7.00

Hogs . 4.90

@

@

@5.00

9%

8%

7

17
50
20
14
19
@2.75

@6.00

@4.75

@4.30

@ 9

@50.00

@7.25

@5.00

@8.50

@5.90

THEPOTA TO CROP,'

large or small, is beat
harvested with

the Improved

DOW DEN

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

near New-
small milk

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending June 3, 1905. Wholesale except other¬
wise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, in¬
quiries and observation of sales in the vari¬
ous market sections. Where possible these
figures are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Du¬
luth . — ..@1.17%

No. 2 Northern. Manitoba.. — @ 97

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 56

Oats, mixed . — @ 35

Rye . — @ 85

Barley . — @ 44

FEED.

Spring bran . —

Middlings . 20.00

Red dog . —

Cotton seed meal . —

Linseed meal . : . —

@19.50

@22.50

@23.50

@26.00

@30.00

Hay, prime

HAY AND STRAW.

No. 1 .

(a)

15.50

No. 2 .

13.50

(a)

14.00

No. 3 .

12.00

@13.00

Clover and clover mixed..

10.00

@

14.00

Straw, long rve .

14.00

@

16.00

Short and oat .

@

12.00

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras, lb .

. 20-y, @

21

Firsts .

@

20%

Seconds .

(3)

19%

Thirds .

@

1 8 %

State dairy, half-tubs, extras

—

(a)

18%

Tubs, firsts .

. 19% @

20

Tubs, seconds .

. 1 8 % @

19

Lower grades .

. 17

@

IS

Western imitation creamery.

extras .

„ — —

@

19

Firsts .

. 18

@

18%

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fine .

, - 1

@

9%

Small, fair to choice .

. 8%©

91/4

Large, fine .

. -

@

9%

Light skims, small, choice...

• 7 V

■, @

7%

l’art skims, prime .

. 5 % @

6

Full skims .

1

@

2

. 20 @
— @
18 @
— @
17% @

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white. .
Selected, white; good to eh.

Fresh gathered, extra mixed

Fresh gathered, firsts .

Western, graded, ch. to fancy.

Western, good to prime . 16%

FRESII FRUITS.

Apples, Spy . 2.50

Baldwin . 2.50

Ben Davis . 2.50

Russet . 2.25

No. 2 stock . 1.00

19

18%

17%

17

@5.00
@3.50
@3.25
@3.25
@2.00
@ 18

1

@

@

@

@

@ —
@3.50
@3 00
@50.00

7

7

6

12

Huckleberries, N. C.. quart.... 10

Strawberries, Norfolk, qt . 2

Eastern Shore . 3

Maryland and Delaware. ... 3

Jersey . 3

Blackberries, N. C., qt . 10

Gooseberries, qt . 10

Peaches. Fla., carrier . 2.00

Georgia, carrier . 1,00

Watermelons, Florida, 100. ..30.00
MILK.

In effect June 1. New York Exchange price
reduced one-fourth cent per quart, netting
2% cents in 26-cent freight zone where no
extra station charges are made.

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes very dull, new Southern 50 cents
per barrel lower.

Potatoes, old, 180 lbs .

New. No. 1, bhl .

Southern, culls to seconds.

Asparagus, extra choice, doz.

Fair to good .

Beets and carrots, 100 bnchs.

Cabbage, Southern, bbl .

Cucumbers, S’n, 3-pk. bkt. . . .

Sweet corn, Southern, 100. . .

Celery, dozen .

Egg plants, bu. box .

Kale, barrel .

T^ettuce, barrel . .

Mushrooms, lb .

Onions, bu. crate . .

Peppers, 24-qt. carrier .

Green peas, bu. bkt .

Radishes, 100 bunches .

Spinach, bhl .

Squash, new, bbl..
Turnips, ruta baga.
Tomatoes, 24-qt. ci

bbl.

. 75

@1

.00

@2

.00

50

@1

.25

.1.75

@2

.50

.1.00

@1

.50

.1.00

@4

.00

75

@1

.00

. 50

@1

.50

@2

.50

, 20

@

80

,2.00

@3

.50

40

@

60

1.00

@2

.00

20

@

50

75

@1

.50

2.00

@3.

.00

75

@1.

.50

—

@

50

50

@2.

00

40

@

60

@2.

25

50

@1 .

00

75

@2.

25

A Milk Proposition. — “I live
ark, N. J., and intend to start a
route. I wish to get good milk that I know
has not been watered and doctored, and can
pay a fair but not fancy price. Must 1 de¬
pend on the city wholesalers or would it be
feasible to buy direct from some farmer?”
New Jersey. t.

There are usually many farmers on the look¬
out for such an opportunity to ship direct to
a reliable man and get away from the large
wholesalers. The best way will be to write
to several farmers in the dairy sections most
accessible, and then if possible visit the place
that seems most suitable and make a strict
bargain. If unable to do this, deal with the
large wholesalers. They can supply any quan¬
tity or grade desired, but the margin of
profit: would be smaller than in a direct ar¬
rangement made, as indicated above.

Cheese. — The old stock is practically out
of the market, and new make is getting so
plenty that prices have gone down to the low¬
est figure for a long time. Sellers at inte¬
rior points seem disposed to cut prices to
avoid an accumulation of fodder cheese,
have been making some investigation of the
cheese offered at retail here at present, and
find it surprisingly good in flavor and texture
as compared with offerings in the same stores
last year. There is considerable demand for
a cheap cheese, but a grocer who keeps only
the low-priced grade is quite sure to kill off
the better element of his trade. In scores
of families no cheese is used merely because
only a rank mean-flavored article, that can
be bought at a low price, is offered. Dealers
who are obliged to keep cheap cheese should
have the other grade also, buying the small
sizes if necessary and advertising it at every
opportunity. Where customers are educated
in this way a choice cheese does not last long
enough to make much waste.

Investment Sharks. — Last week reference
was made to a brand of stock brokers who
could not be found at the address- given, get
ting their mail by proxy, changing their name
at convenient intervals, and pocketing what¬
ever money is sent them without making
acknowledgment or return. Dealing with
them is probably as painless a way of losing
money as one could find. As all future cor¬
respondence is ignored, he is not long left In
doubt about their intentions. We are often
asked to look up another type of brokers con¬
cerning whom it is more difficult to make
a correct estimate, as they have a plant and
do business, at least some of which must bo
on the square. Their office may be a small
two-room affair, or more pretentious. Their
typewriters and letter duplicators are busy
preparing matter for the mail, as most of
their customers are obtained by sending cir¬
culars and what appear to he personal let¬
ters to lists of names of country and village
people. They always know of ‘a low-priced
stock which can he bought to advantage now.
Send them $50 or $100 and they will “mar¬
gin” so many shares a certain number of
points. This is a form of gambling quite
similar in effect to betting on a horse race.
The broker gives you a ’‘tin,” you send him
$50 or so to protect him in case the stock
goes down. lie buys a certain number of
shares with his own money, or that of some
other customer. If it goes up. you have the
profits, less his commission and possibly some
other charges, hut never actually own any
of the shares. If it goes down, he holds it
until the loss nearly covers the money vou
sent him, then sells, and you lose your $50.
You take all the risk : he can lose nothing.
That is the essence of dealing on a margin,
which has ruined scores of people and made
hundreds dissatisfied with their lot in life.
The best thing that can happen to the person
who makes the first trial at such gambling is
to lose the whole amount put up. This may
discourage further attempts of the sort. The
worst thing is to gain $50 or $100 for every
$50 put up, as is sometimes the case. Men
who can go through such an experience with¬
out losing their heads are scarce. Making
money by hard labor will he too slow a pro¬
cess after that, and when the luck goes against
them, any way of getting money to make one
more trial may be resorted to. It is hard to
conceive anythin* outside of real crime more
destructive to life development of farms and
farm homes /nan the sending away of
hard-earned money to some stock broker who
has glittering opportunities to offer. The
personal interest which should be centered in
the farm goes with the money. The finan¬
cial page of the daily paper Is anxiously
looked at to see how copper, steel. St. Paui,
etc., has gone. No matter what the result,
the farm and farm life seem a dreary place
and hopeless drudgery. The effect on young
wage earners in the city is demoralizing.
Clerks, stenographers, and office hoys drop
their dollars into this hungry mouth. I knew
a young man about to be married, who had
saved $500.. A friend had just doubled his
money in a Wall Street investment, and Iip
kept thinking how much better $1,000 would
he than $500. until he turned over the $500
to the same broker on what was considered a
sure thing. But the stock went down and
down until he lost every cent, and actually
had to borrow money for his wedding outfit.
This severe lesson was enough. As he was
industrious and had a good and growing posi¬
tion. he got a firm footing again and has
prospered ever since, though never touching
stock speculation. h.

EGGS FOR SALE Selected. 7 5 cents.

Choice fine laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Baired
P. Rocks, R. T. Reds. S. C. W. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

Potato Digger • Peep °r ,shallo,w- y°u get

, ... . them all, fast, cleanand un-

•nt. Standard differ with no peer, and 1 1 lwtp- Aik fur fra. Dowden book

OOWOEN MFC. CO., Box 533, PRAIRIE CITY, IA.'

Better than
Firing.

•'■pi

Stop firing or using any such barbarous
methods when you can accomplish far more
In a quarter of the time and never lay up the
horse and never blemish him. Try

Stevens’ Ointment.

ft

FORSALE

STOCK & DAIRY FARM

Walworth County, Wisconsin.

In the world famous

“ELGIN DISTRICT

fifty years It has been the greatest horse
xiy In Europe and as a blister is used and

For

remedy in Rurope and as a __ _ _

recommended by the greatest veterinaries every.
where. For Splints, Spavins. Thuroughpins,
Curbs and all diseases of the legs it is infalliable
and positively guaranteed. None genuine with¬
out our written signature. Price, $t.ooj«r box,
postpaid. Stevens' Ointment can lie furnished
through your druggist or harness dealer or direct.

Sam Parmer, Nashville, Tenn., says: “I have
used Stevens’ Ointment for l>ad legs for years. It
is away ahead of firing and all otherblistering for
it acts quick, cures quick and you don't have to
lay up the horse.” Send for Dr. Stevens’ valu-
able treatise, " Lameness in the Horse, Its Cure
and Remedy”— FREE.

TUTTLE & CLARK, Detroit, Mich.

Sole Agents for til* United States.

Tne Latest Product of the 3<)th Century.
The Air-Cooled Pumping Gasoline Engine.

Just what
you want
for .Sawing
Wood.
Churning,
Running
Cream
Separator.
No Water
to freeze.
Gasoline
in the base.

ngiue.

Made in 1^
and 2Hj H.
P. Either
plain or
with hack
gear.

Write for
price.

R. H. Deyo,
& Co..
Bingham¬
ton, New
York.

THE

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co,

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for catalogue
No. 62.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
f&le by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conu.

BINDER TWINE

Q3p Farmers Wanted as Agents.

041, AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa.

SILOS

putters, Blowers, Engines and Hay-

. _ _ _4fiSn

ing Tools. R. C. REEVES
187 Water Street, New York.

CO.,

SILOS

Buy your Silo material from T E.
CROS-L Poughkeepsie, New York,
and save agent's profits.

XAYI C WIITO Make old buggies run like new.

• MALL II U I O Sample sent on approval.
Agts. wanted. Hardware Co.. Box F 43, Pontiac, Mich.

ATTENTION l “ “S

favor us with your orders. Mall ordets a Specialty,

I. HKRZ, Genl. Mgr., yyMontgoniery St., Jersey City, N. J.

A farm that will pay big money on the investment
the first year, and increase in revenue each suc¬
ceeding year. Deep, rich soil that has never been
overworked— up-to-date buildings and equipments.
Located in a beautiful, healthy country with good
roads, good shipping facilities, and good educa¬
tional opportunities. Prosperous section. Would
make a most ideal country gentleman’s place.

240 ACRES

185 acres under cultivation, 55 acres in woods and
pasture, in which there is a splendid pond of sever¬
al acres. Every acre can be worked if desired.

Barns and Buildings

Da.iry Barn, 32 by 100 feet, and is arranged to
house 65 milch cows. Modern equipments, cement
floors.

Horse Bam, 30 by 40, with stalls for 12 horses;
modern conveniences, cement floors, etc.

The Waffon and Tool House is new and modern.

size 32 x 42.

The Hen House is 14x20. All of stone and with
sheet iron roofs.

Wood Shed, 18x20.

Good Well-built Hog Sheds.

Wind Mill, 60 feet high, with 10 ft. wheel — two
good wells, plenty of good water.

HOUSE — A Good, Comfortable, Roomy Homo,

16 rooms, surrounded by large oak trees, and situ¬
ated on a good macadam road.

Orchard, 7 years old, with 50 trees of selected
fruits just rounding into bearing.

Local and Long Distance Telephone in house.
One-half mile to post office and creamery near by!
Books show net returns of $3915.00 from this farm
last year after providing for the keep of two fami¬
lies. Farm fully stocked now with all necessary
live stock, tools, implements, etc., which will be
sold with the farm if desired.

I believe this is one of the best properties, in one
of the most prosperous, beautiful and healthy sec¬
tions of our country. It has the name of being by
far the best farm in that part of Wisconsin. Prices
and particulars by addressing

FRANK E. LONG, 1202 Powers Bldg., CHICAGO.

VIRGINIA FARMS

COST $10 PER ACRE
Income $30 per Acre

Virginia Land Is doing this for its farmers every year, and
we prove It to you by signed statements. Long Summers,
mild Winters. Best shipping facilities to great eaateru
markets at lowest rates Best church, school and social advau
tages. For list of farms, excursion rates and what others have
accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LABAUMK, Agr. and lud. Agt.
Norfolk and Western Ky., B»Jtl7 Itoanoke, Va.

FOR SALE-FARM 222 ACRES

Johnson tp., Trumbull Company, Ohio. Fertile soil,
spring water, good fences. 8-room house, three barns.
Centralized school, R. F. I). mail. Immediate pos¬
sesion. Price #30 per acre.

George ill. Smith. Court House, Warn n, O.

Maine Farm For Sale— 100 acres good land, good build¬
ings, _50 apple trees, all kinds small fruits. Beautiful
shade trees. Price $1000. A. I. Hall, Rochester, N. H.

3,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale through-
out Ntiw England aud the South; “Strout’s Spring
Gist, describing and illustrating hundreds, many
Sdpdp’ JP"? wi ng crops included, mailed

FREE. E A. SI ROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau
St.. New York City, orTremont Temple. Boston.

DISTRICT AGENTS

WANTED. $]00 to $500 necessary to start. Ex¬
's',,''0 agency given for sale of Five Dollar Washing
Machine, guaranteed to do twice the work of auy
i en Dollar Machine sold to-day. Works easy, noise¬
less, no gearing. Made like galvanized tub. Weighs
— pounds. New article and selling fast. Territory
assigned in order of application. LEADER
WASHER COMPANY. Box 220, Bay City! Michigan

UEO.P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

putter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot-
‘°,us« .products a Specialty Consignments solicited.
34 A 30 Little 1 3th St., New York.

WANTED

Strawberries aiul all other Fruits and Vege-

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St.. New Y’ork.

A PROFITABLE FARM MACHINE

Cream represents cash. Be sure then to buy the Cream Seuarator that
skims the closest— that yets all the cream possible. *

THE U. S.

CREAM SEPARATOR

takes out more cream than any other because of
the unique construction of the bowl.

AN EXCLUSIVE FEATURE

Only two simple parts inside the bowl, one fits into the
Other, both fit into the steel bowl shell.

When put together there are three bowls in one.

No other separator has this advantage, and that is
why no other can skim as close as the U. S.

Our free booklet fully explains and illustrates this
feature. It shows, too, the easy-to-fill milk tank, the en-
leased light running gears, and self-oiling device found in the U. S. It makes
I mighty interesting reading. Drop us a line now while the matter is fresh in your
mind, and we will send you the booklet by return mail.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Prompt Deliveries. ia Distributing Warehouses in U. S. and Canada

406

DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one cylinder engines: revolutionizing iras nower t .... i, «... —

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Bn
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. Send fuk Catalogue. T’

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,**

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

easdy started. Novibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost — portable, sta-
UI. 1 LMPLE PUMP CO-, Mftra., Mcughcr JL l&tb ttUt.,OIUciiKo, THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

1905.

465

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The following letter has just reached
us :

I had saved up $500 which I was going to
invest in stocks of a Philadelphia company
which was offered me by a Philadelphia
agent, but since reading one of your articles
I have delayed making the investment. Will
you please let me know what you think of my
making the investment? 1 have not very
much money, and cannot afford to take any
chances with it. J. o. d.

New Mexico.

We seldom advise our friends for or
against any particular investment. But
we never hesitate to advise against invest¬
ments, in the security of a company that
you know little or nothing about. We
have read the prospectus of the company
referred to by our correspondent; but
there is not one word in it that gives any
assurance of the real value of the business
back of the stock. You send your $500 to
the promoter and get in return a piece of
paper saying you are entitled to five shares
out of five thousand in a company that for
all you know may not be worth a dollar.
The agent may tell you that it is valuable,
and may promise big dividends and assure
you that the stock will double in value in
a year, but all you have for it is your
little piece of paper, and you have no re¬
dress if it pays no dividends or if the
stock (piece of paper) should turn out to
be not worth thirty cents. If the agent
thought it would increase in value, and
pay big dividends, he would not sell it to
you at par. Our standing advice is to re¬
fuse to invest in any company scheme un¬
less you positively know that it has real
value for every dollar of capital stock pro¬
vided for in its charter. Tt may not be
safe then, but anything short of this is
like buying a pig in a bag.

Since the publication of our correspond¬
ence with W. M. Ostrander, of Philadel¬
phia, Pa., in reference to his plan of charg¬
ing an advance fee for listing farm prop¬
erty for sale, we have had a constant
flood of letters from subscribers from all
parts of the country. Most of these let¬
ters come from men who have listed their
property with him, paid the fee, but made
no sale. No one has reported a direct
sale, but one man says he knew of one
sale made for a neighbor of a California
property. In his letter to us Mr. Ostran¬
der says :

If anyone who has had business dealings
with me has failed to receive all that he
paid for I am unaware of the fact.

Evidently some of his clients could not

have written him as frankly as they have

written to us. The letters we receive use

rather plain and forcible language and

need to be edited to print; but following

are a few of the mildest :

I was very much interested in some letters
in your recent issue regarding the real estate
agent. I put $15 in his hands to sell my
farm over two years ago. and have never
heard from him except as I write him a stir¬
ring letter once In a while to remind him of
my $15. In spite of any impudence I give
him he sweetly remarks that he Is doing all
in his power and sends me a paper or hook
with a line or two of advertisement. There
are lots of farmers who are glad he is {retting
what he deserves. I have never heard of a
farm he sold yet. w. s.

Connecticut.

A business man from Ohio sends this
information :

I am pleased to read your show-up of that
Philadelphia real estate agent. From what
they tell me, I believe he has got a lot of
money from people here. A prominent Ohio
man wrote him for terms. The agent wanted
$50 for advertising, hut the man didn't bite.

In a few days he received a telegram telling
him to send $50 at once, as a customer was
waiting to buy his farm. It was not sent.

I have yet to hear of his even trying to sell
a farm, and we are in a position to hear of
such things. j. c. >r.

Following is a letter from a client who

does not feel that he got all he paid for:

I just want to relieve my mind a little.
We did not get anything for our $15 spent
with the Philadelphia man. who I have read
something about in your paper. He tried a
telegram on a near neighbor but it did not
work. s. b.

Virginia.

Here is another:

I was led to believe by letters received from
Mr. Ostrander that if I would pay him $25
he would make sale of my farm soon. I paid
him the $25, hut as yet I have never had a
letter from him since paying my money unless
It was in answer to a letter I wrote him.
The $2.) was for some advance charge, and
balance of his commission was to be paid after
he made the sale of my farm. I have the
farm, and do not know that he made any
effort to sell it. I am out $25. I bit at the
bait. p. f s

West Virginia.

Here is just one more:

I am glad to see that you are taking up the
Ostrander matter. Some 15 months ago I

wrote him about some property. I received
a lengthy reply setting out that he had plans
for giving special attention to property in
this section. A few days later, 1 received a
telegram almost exactly similar to the one
quoted in The R. N. Y.. I swallowed the
bait, sent on my $50, and have long since
charged it up to tuition. I have uot received
one single inquiry as result of all Ostrander's
boasted facilities for advertising.

Missouri. h, b. m. a.

We have any number of similar letters,
but this must be sufficient to convince Mr,
Ostrander that some of his clients do not
agree entirely with him in the statement
that they got all they paid for. If Mr.
Ostrander will show any definite equiva¬
lent for this money we will print it prompt¬
ly. Just what service did you give these
four clients, Mr. Ostrander, for their
money? We do not claim that no service
was rendered. We don’t know but they
got more than they paid for. Let us have
the facts, and we will print them for the
benefit of all concerned. In the meantime
we would like to hear direct from anyone
who has actually made a genuine sale of a
farm through this agency.

“ 1 he Business Hen” is yet going out
every day. There are nearly 200 going
out in the mail to-day to renewals that
came in this morning. If yours is not yet
in, let us have it now, and we will look
for anyone who receives it to mention it
to at least one neighbor. Before you
leave him say that he can have The R.
N.-Y. 10 weeks for 10 cents, and if he
renews at end of 10 weeks for a year he
can have the book free. Can’t you do as
much as this? We think you will.

Kendall's Cures

Spavin, Ringbone,
Splint, Curb
and all forms of
Lameness.

STANDS AT THE HEAD.

Kensington, Minn., March 28, 1901.
DR.B. J. KENDALL CO..

Dear Sire: — Will you kindly send me one of your
books entitled "A Treatise on the Horse anti his Dis¬
eases?” My experience teaches me that Kendall's
Spavin Cure as a liniment for man and beast stand*
at the hoad. Yours truly, HANS WOLLY.

That Is the experience of every asor of Kendall's
Spavin Cure. Price 31; 8 lor 3S. Unequalled as a
liniment for family use. E'or sale by your druggist.

Ask him for a free copy of “A Treatise on tho Horeo
end hi* Dlsoaao*" or write

OB. B. j. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURG FALLS, VT.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.0.0 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 P ackage cures any
case or motley refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn tho
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
freo. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich, L. L. Conkoy, Prin.

COOPER

SHEEP DIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD for oo

years. Used on 260 millions annually. If Ioeai
druggist cannot supply, send 31.75 for 32 (100 gal.)

pkt, to Cyril Franeklyn, 72 B* aver St., IS. Y

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. _ NUTWOOD I’.lRMg,

K. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

DfUII TDV NEW C 4 months’ trial. 10c. Box
r UUL I n I nc TV d R. New Brunswick, N.J.

AGENTS WANTED

To l/ADflRENE —Greatest Louse Fighter,
soil vnruns.il L Roup Cure and Disinfectant
on earth. Every farmer and fancier wants VAPOR-
ENK. Write to-day. Poultrymoti preferred.

STANDARD POULTRY CO.. Warren, Ill.

Safe and reliable
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

GOOD PROFITS FROM BEES

Learn how to make nionoy easily, quickly. Send
for free copy of that lively bee-paper, Gleanings in
Bee Culture. Read it. Then subscribe. 6 months’
trial. 25c. 40 to 60 pages. Semi-monthlv. Do it |

now. Name this paper and get a free bee-booklet.

A- 1. ROOT COMPANY,

MEDINA, OHIO.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultrymen’s guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 500 illustrations. Describes

thedard Cyphers Incubators

price 16. 60 mud up,»nd 40 Poultrjmen 's ntCMlittea. Freo
ifyou fleud addressee of two neighbor, interested in good
poultrj. Write to Cypher* Incubator Co.
Uurialo, Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas
City or San Francisco,

mmM

L ' p - T!
: $

Free Sample

THE best Ready-Roofing at the Lowest
Cost. Send for Iree sample and see
for yourself how much better it is than the
old kinds.

Wind and weather proof, will not leak,
crack, buckle, creep, rust or rot. Shipped
ready to lay, and can be put down by a large
boy. Cement and nails free with every roll.
No experience needed.

Don’t forget to write for sample to-day.

Barrett Manufacturing Co.

New York Chicago Philadelphia
Allegheny Kansas City New Orleans
Cleveland St. Louis Cincinnati
Minneapolis

Happy Hena

lay most eggs. Give them
the protection and comfort
of warm, dry shelter with
“ The Register ”

«Rex mtkote

ROOFING

As a roof or a siding it positively resists heat,
cold, rain, snow and sparks. Wo want you to
know more about it. We can convince you.

Send for Free Samples

and our free book, you* namo on a
postal will do. Beware of in-
1 ' ferior imitations. This
trade mark on every roll.

J. A. * W. BIRD * CO.

70 India Street,

•BOB ton, Maas

iliiiiljpni jimipjiraiiU*

«• etows- House, CAST SKAT0, III* i

S.c. BROWN LEGHORNS £S»S!32 1

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
l^^rteen years. Eggs, $1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
Bl oH, R. No. 10, Loekport, Niagara Co., New York.

REKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks, $ 1 .50 to ?2. 50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents and $1 .15 for 1 1 ; and $0 and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings. 80 cents and $1 for thirteen; and $5 and $6 per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity New Yotk City.
80 pens, 2,000 layers. Gut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONNIE HRAK, New Rochelle, N. Y.

SQUABS PAY

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO.. 335 Howard Street, Melrose, Mass.

C HOICK Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
Hying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

Rose GombW. Leghorns

Prize Winners at the best shows. Eggs (1 for 15; $3
for 50; $5 for 100. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks #12.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

Choice Stock forSale.-Rocks.Wyandottes, Leghorns
Minorcas. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also, Lice
Kilting Nest Eggs, sample mailed, 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pino Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

Finely Bred Last Year Pullets gy “j

Birds I have been breeding from this season. Single
V-Omb, White and Brown Leghorns, Black Minorcas,
White Wyandottes, White and Barred Plymouth
Rocks. LOCUST FARM, Eatontown, New Jersey.

N EGG FACTORY

must be furnished the proper raw
materials to keep going to its full
capacity. HARVEY’S Electric
Poultry Food will keep your hens busy in
winter when eggs are high — lots more money
in winter eggs; you ought to feed for it.
Write for our free catalogue — tells how.
Harvey Seed Co.. 88 Elllcott 8t„ Buffalo, N. Y.

ALL

1EEDED'
APPLYU

o' ANY HANDY MAN
CAN APPLY IT

Wi(h eAch roll of Ruberofr! Roofing wo Include di¬
rections and sufficient naila, tin ca|)h and Ruberine
Cement. Ruberofd Roofing ha* no equal. It Is
positively weather-proof and Are-reels tins , outlasts
metal or shingles. Contains no tar or paper. Will
not melt, rot or tear. We guarantee Its quality.
Send for samples And Booklet “K.” Have you seen

RUBER0ID RED ROOFING?

A permanent roofing with a permanent color.
Manufactured solely by

THE STANDARD PAINT CO.,
100 William St., New York.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding "Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost,
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty -two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

RHODE ISLAND REDS. Great layers. Fine
table fowls. Eggs from prize winning stock. $1
persitting. CHARLES KINGSBURY, Barnard, N.Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

90

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverolle?” They are free.

J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, _ Metuchen, New Jersey.

-,Var’S Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY.Box 8, Telford, Pa,

DAIII TDV0000^
r UUL 111

n POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-
(bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything—

(it s our business. Call or let us send you!
{our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
(asking— it's worth having.
iExcelsior Wire It Poultry Supply Co.,!

■+>) Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City <

oooooooooooopoooooooooooc<

I VI111I f

Fencing

3.®-

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can't slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom for little chicks.
High as you want it, lto T ft. A poultry fence
for all fowls that does not sag.

Wo sell direct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mills in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue.

CASE BROS., II Main St., Colchester, Conn.

466

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 10,

Live Stock and Dairy

WYANDOTTES AND DARK EGGS

Do White Wyandot tes lay only dark-colored
eggs? I have some hens I bought for pure-
blood White Wyandottes, and get white and
dark eggs. I have some chicks hatched March
l(i from the above eggs, and one of them is
getting quile a large single comb. Is that a
Wyandotte? The rest of them have double
combs.

All the American breeds of poultry are
“manufactured” breeds ; that is they arc
made by crossing different breeds and se¬
lecting and breeding those that come
nearest the desired type. After several
years of this selecting the type becomes
more or less fixed, and we have the
Wyandotte or the Plymouth Rock or the
Rhode Island Red, etc. By carefully se¬
lecting only those which lay brown eggs
we may in time almost entirely eliminate
the tendency to lay light colored eggs,
also by breeding only from those with a
rose comb we will in time get rid of the
single combs, the occasional feathers on
the legs, the black feathers in the plum¬
age, and the other “outs” by which the
tendency to revert back to original types
so pesters the breeder. The White Wyan¬
dotte has not become sufficiently "fixed”
as yet, so that there will be some that
will lay light-colored eggs, and it may be
the very best looking hen as to Wyandotte
type that docs it. I have not found any
breeder who would guarantee that eggs
from his flock would produce chicks with¬
out any single combs. The best we can
do is to breed out these imperfections
as rapidly as possible. So when a man
talks to me about “pure-blooded” fowls
it is evident at once that he is an ama¬
teur in the poultry business.

A year ago I sent to a successful breed¬
er for 100 White Wyandotte eggs, and
when they hatched only 26 chicks, five of
which were single combed and two slate
colored, I was just about disgusted. I
had sent an order for another 100 which
I countermanded, but too late, the eggs
were already on I he way. The stock
was said to be from the most eminent
breeder of White Wyandottes in the coun¬
try. I wrote him about the case, asking
if he would guarantee that eggs from
his yards would not produce any single-
combed birds. In his answer he ignored
that question, but said “the slate-colored
chicks would produce my whitest males,”
and “the percentage of single combs was
altogether too great,” etc. But I have to¬
day from those 26 chicks one male bird
that I wouldn’t take twice the price of
the 100 eggs for. He is the broadest-
breasted, broadest-backed Wyandotte I
ever saw, pure white, with legs as stout as
a 30-pound turkey, and is the admiration
of all who see him. I have also some
pullets from same lot fit to go with him.
The second 100 eggs hatched over 70
chicks, which were the evenest and hand¬
somest little chicks I ever raised, and I
wrote that breeder a letter of apology
and have dealt satisfactorily with him
ever since. geo. a. cosgrove.

HORSES IN WESTERN NEW YORK.

M-ost of the horses used in this county come
from the West, largely from Montana, the
Dakotas and Wyoming, being brought here by
carloads. Many are a good while in getting
acclimated, but when so are considered very
good horses. They cost all the way from $125
to $250, according to size and style. Very
few colts are raised in this section, though
more than a few years ago, when horses were
so cheap that it took two or three to buy a
bicycle. The principal reason why more colts
are not. raised is because the fences are so
poor. Most of the old “worm” rail fences are
becoming rotted down, and it is only a very
few years since wire fences have come into
use. But many farmers arp becoming con¬
vinced that horse raising is to be very profit¬
able, and are fencing their farms with a view
of growing more colts. Very much more fenc¬
ing would he done if farmers could get better
material : much is extremely poor. We put
up a wire fence two years ago, and now many
of the strands are half rusted off, and hardly
a. trace of the galvanizing Is visible. If some

firm would make a first-class galvanized wire
fencing wo would be glad to buy it at a
greatly larger price. The truckmen in the
cities and larger villages of course use heavy
draft horses, but on the farms good blocky,
short-legged horses weighing from 1,100 to
1.500 pounds each are mostly called for, and
those that are fast walkers are much sought
after. A few mustangs have been brought in,
but they are not very satisfactory, even
though sold chrap. j. s. woodward.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

RIGHT OF TENANT TO MANURE.

I made an oral agreement last Novem¬
ber to rent a barn from another tenant, who
rents house and barn of a landlord, for
which I was to pay 75 cents a month till
April, 1905. Now he claims all the manure
made, because It does not rest upon boards.
I have paid for rent monthly, and nothing
has been said about the manure till I be¬
gan drawing it away, as I did when my
brother rented It, but always left enough for
his garden. Now they claim to be entitled
to the manure. I see that Ohio laws give
the liveryman the rights to the manure; how
about Pennsylvania? Would not a drayman
have the same privilege as a liveryman when
he does both kinds of work? If the manure
Is to be left on the premises, could I buy
it from the landlord instead of tenant?
Could the tenant sell it? I suppose In town
a tenant could have manure unless in lease
stated otherwise. Everything which made
the manure was bought. o. s. t.

Pennsylvania.

. The manure in question will belong
to the tenant who made it, provided it
was not made in any way connected with
agriculture. Where property is leased for
purposes other than agricultural, the rule
is that the manure may be removed by
the tenant. A livery stable man, for in¬
stance, is entitled to the manure made
in the livery stable. The landlord has
no interest in it, because it was not con¬
nected with agricultural purposes. The
Pennsylvania law is no different from
that of Ohio and other places in this
respect. The fact that the manure does
not rest upon boards is immaterial. It
does not become a part of the realty un¬
less it is incorporated into the soil itself.
It seems very clear, therefore, that O. S.
T. has the right to remove all of the
manure made in the barn in question.

What, If any, is the law In the State of
New York in relation to removal of manure
(selling) by tenant from a rented farm? Has
owner any redress? it. D.

Massachusetts.

A tenant of a farm rented for agricul¬
tural purposes, has no right to remove
from the farm manure made upon it,
either during the existence of his tenancy,
nor at the termination of it. The manure
made on the farm belongs to it, and may
not be sold or removed by the outgoing
tenant. The landlord might recover dam¬
ages for such removal by the outgoing
tenant, and prevent by injunction, or
otherwise, a continuing tenant from thus
misappropriating the manure.

Carnivorous Sheep. — Australian sheen
have acquired a taste for rabbits, which
would be very desirable if they captured and
killed the destructive bunnies, but according
to the Melbourne Australasian, many sheep
are poisoned by eating dead rabbits that were
killed with phosphorus. In every case the
sheep were supplied with plenty of water and
salt, and, in most instances, with a quantity
of dry grass. In one case 15 out of 30 fat
wethers in a 300-acre paddock were lost in
two months. In every instance the loss ap¬
peared to be heaviest among the fat sheep,
ewes especially. One sheep owner in the Al-
bury district lost 40 valuable ewes out of a
flock of 400. The animals will leave every¬
thing else to hunt for the dry carcases of
poisoned rabbits. The grazier adds : “I have
scores of times seen sheep fight like dogs to
get. the carcases away from each other. So
far I have had no losses among cattle, hut
during the past month our cattle have taken
to eating the rabbits, and devour all they can
find — -fur, bone and everything.”

Dripping Stovepipe. — We bought a new
stove that was airtight when shut up, so as
to keep fire all night. It would keep In all
night, but there would be a lot of sooty water
on the stove in the morning. I got a “Home
Comfort” damper, such as goes on to the side
of stovepipe, and put that on, and it was a
remedy. The damper when open was nearly
half as long as the stovepipe; this gives a
draft so that it keeps the stovepipe dry.

McDonough, N. Y, f.' w.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

MORGAN ROADSTERS

15.1 hands, 950 pounds; sorrels, narrow strip in face,
long tails; closely matched; sound and smooth; am¬
bitious, fearless and good for long driving. Also, a
pair of chestnut heavy COACH HORNES, 16 hands,
1250 pounds, good action form, honest, sound and
smooth. GEOROE H. PIERCE, Mendon, Vt.

JACKS, SADDLE HORSES

AND

POLAND-CrilNA HOGS.
75 MARCH PIGS,

$15 apiece, cr $85 a pair.

Write for what you want.
J, F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky.

OEDKTEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

SHOO-FLY ~

Kills every FLY it strikes. Repps the rest ofT Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by loading dairymen
since 1885. If your dealer docs not keep the genuine, send us $1.00,
will return latest Improved 8-Ttibc Sprayer and enough “ Shoo*
Fly ’* to protect 200 cows. Name Kxp. Oilice. Free Hook let.

Snoo-FI.Y MFC. CO., 1026 Fairmoont, Philadelphia, Ta.

F.DTTOR knows from experience ** Shoo-Fly ” is O. K.

N o experiment, results positive
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co. , Phila. Over 30 years old.

Wire
Guts

Thousands o f
horses and cat¬
tle are disabled
every year by
barbed wire. It
Is not a serious
matter where

Bickmore’s Gall Cure

Is at hand. It heals qulekly and permanently.
Most efficient remedy in the world for wounds of
tills character. Also for Harno.s, Collar and Sad¬
dle Call., Scratches, Crease Hool, Crack.,
Flesh Wounds, etc. Sold everywhere by dealers.
Be sure to ask for Rlekmore’s. It’s guaranteed.
Send 10 cents for trial sample.

BICKMOBE GALL CURE CO., Bo« 519, OLD TOWN, MAIHE.^

DEATH TO HEAVES

BUU XIUIgCDt.VU V'BSI «

A veterinary Bpecitic for win<*
„ throat and stomach troubles
* 'Strong rccommcndM $1.00 pei
can. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid
The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

K

- r - - _ - .« _ _

trios. Write for prices and information.
ELROSE STOCK FARM , Oi

iMf/i I o. X rtilo

ME

Cincinnatus, N. Y.

■“ W OHkL MALE ELK r

I lie Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigai

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two lo
eight mos. Cire. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stork, Both Sexes, $5 up.

E. F,. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. !>., Lake Co., Ohio.

They LEAD all Breeds

THE JERSEY RED
HOGS and PIGS.

The Catalogue is FREE.

ARTHUR .J. COLLINS, M (tores t own, N. J.

OA Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason
■ !■ U ■ able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

0. 1.C

prices.

Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
■ ail ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for

H. Tj* JiLADLh, Valley Falls, N, V.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SS;

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

0.1. G.

Prices reasonable

• ’ m ivimw i wilts iuiu norvic

Boars. Best strains bred froi
Registered Stock, pairs not akir
i. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pi

O. I. O. Pig-s

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. ,1 . SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalla.N. Y.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. PigB, pairs and trios not related

WILLOTJGKBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

Springbank MEM Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine J uly and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to -breed for early fall litters. Write me and stato just
what you want. ,1. E. Watson, Prop.. Marbledalo, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Uolstelus. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
InCalf. Hamilton &Co., Krclldoun, Chester Co., Fit

GOLDEN STKEAMKIi 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
8TREAMER and GOI.DEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
FIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

C-if Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 I iberty St., Fittsburg, Pa.

Registered ,jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.; 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St, Lambert Strain. “Niro
a Pure St. Lambert.” .1. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

WARRINER'S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestvllle. Conn.

Purebred Holstein -Friesian Bull and Heifer Calves
from registered and record stock. Prices moderate.
Write promptly. W. W. OH ENEV. Manlius. N. Y.

IIULU I LII1 UULLO tew

cnoice young Cows;

Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right'
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, NY'

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MARCOU.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HO LSTFIN'-FR I ESI ANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. D5 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.'

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTKLYOU, Nesbanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
Deiiol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM. Rifton. Ulster Co.. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Headed by the two greatest Service Bulls in the
world. Is the largest herd in the world.

Oilers special bargains in

SERVICE BULLS

Cows, Heifers and Calves. You can get anything you
want at Star Farm. Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, He pt. 1), Cortland , N. Y.

Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BOLLS
For Sale it Farmers’ Prices

I have several Bulls, 12 to 15 months old : large,
handsome, perfectly marked animals, ready for im¬
mediate service, for sale. Sired by Corona Spofford
Pietertje, No. 30160, and selected from best dams in
herd of over 40 head.

Also a Pew FRESH COWS and a number of Heifer
and Bull CALVES from a few months to a few
weeks old. For particulars inquire

I’. B. MeLKNNAN, Syracuse, N. Y., or
R. DeForest Dorchester, Managor McLennan
Stock Farm. Iseliua, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.

WHITE STRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6340 and BLUE BLOOD. No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deatiie 7th, 508.9 ibs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476 8 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, .Lueretia 3d, 508.4 IDs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of nil ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 1 3 first
ami second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N, Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

If you are going
To buy a

BULL, and will write us
just wbat you want, we will

send full pedigrees and description*, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers- Hastings Company,'

BROOKSIDB HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co,, N. Y.

1905.

' THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

467

RAISING A JERSEY CALF.

Would some of the readers of Tiik R. N.-Y.
tell me how to take care of and how to feed a
Jersey calf four weeks old? 1 would like to
raise it for my own use. w. a. a.

Felton, I’a.

I usually feed my Guernsey calves on
full milk for about two weeks. I then
gradually reduce the quantity of full
milk and add separator milk until about
six weeks old. I then give them separa¬
tor milk entirely if doing nicely. I give
them in addition to this as soon as they
are able to cat it ground oats, wheat mid¬
dlings, and a small quantity of oil meal,
with what good hay they will eat, clover
preferred. j. h. huntep.

New York.

The best food for a Jersey (or any
other dairy bred) calf four weeks old is
skim-milk, and it will do no harm if it is
not very well skimmed cither. Some
Jersey breeders recommend keeping one
of those deep-milking Holstein cows;
they say their milk is naturally skimmed
just about right for a young calf. I have
fed patent calf foods, and those without
the patent, but at present 1 feed on grain
until the calf will eat it dry from a box
within reach. Then bran and middlings
or oats or oatmeal may be kept where
they may eat it at will. The young calf
will also cat hay if she can get it. Keep
her clean and grow her with a big belly,
but dpn’t starve her with trash without
any nourishment in it.

» New York. j. grant morse.

- 1 let the calf be with the dam until three
days old, then take away and give fresh
milk from the cow until three or four
weeks old. Then 1 give them skim-milk
and two tablespoonfuls of wheat shorts in
each mess, with half teaspoonful of salt.
Give them all the hay they will eat; if
they can get grass that is better. Con¬
tinue the milk and wheat shorts for five
or six months if they cannot get grass,
increase the wheat shorts according to the
age of the calf. When they are brought
in for Winter, when they cannot get grass,
give them a little wheat bran, wheat
shorts and cornmeal mixed, one part
shorts, one cornmeal, two parts bran.
Give one quart twice a day and clover
hay, all they want. A. s. b.

South Branch, N. J.

I take it for granted that the calf is now
four weeks old and in good condition,
which means that it has not been starved
or out of condition at birth, and has
been properly kept since. If it had been
born on my farm it would have been
left with its dam three or four days after
its birth, then fed three or four quarts
of its dam’s milk twice daily for about
two weeks, then gradually changed to
skim-milk, so that at four weeks of age
it would be on skim-milk (four to five
quarts twice per day, warm and sweet
right from the separator) and the fat
would be supplied by a little cornmeal.
Give all the nice clover hay it will eat,
or at this season turn out to pasture.
Good pasture and skim-milk will be all it
will need, and the milk may be gradually
dropped at four or five months of age.
Shelter will be necessary in inclement
weather, and protection from the Hies
in the fly season. w. f. wagner.

Harrison City, Pa.

Commence with the mother by seeing
that her bowels are cleaned out by one
pound salts at calving, and one, two and
three weeks before. Let cow dry calf off,
and take it away to dry, clean and sweet
quarters — where there has not been a
case of scours. Feed it the mother’s
milk as often as she would, but only a
little at a time. Remember it is a young
baby. At 10 days old you dilute feed
with skim-milk and after that gradually
to entirely “skim.” By this time it should
be eating some whole oats and clover hay
(don’t insult her with Timothy). Grad¬
ually .you can feed a mixture of bran,
ground oats and cornmeal. By this T
don’t mean corn-and-cob meal and oat
hulls. A little good old-process oil meal
added to the grain will be an advantage,
and if the owner will feed on cut, moist¬
ened hay it will go much further and do

more good. If she can have a shady
grass lot on dry days so much the better,
but don’t let her get wet, nothing is
gained, and last, but most important — do
not breed her under 15 months of age.

Pittsburg, Pa. r. f. shannon.

A healthy Jersey calf should take
from four to six quarts of milk in a
day. 1 feed one part warm skim-milk and
three parts whole milk (fresh from the
cow). If possible divide this mess up
and feed at morning, noon and night until
the calf is a month old. If impossible
feed twice a day, morning and night.
If the calf thrives, gradually increase the
amount of warm skim-milk so that the
calf should be able to take all skim-milk
at the age of 10 to 12 weeks. If skim-
milk cannot be had, dilute whole milk
with warm water, gradually diluting the
milk as the calf grows older. Should
the calf scour, decrease the quantity of
milk fed. A calf feeder with an artificial
rubber teat is a good thing if you keep it
clean and sweet, otherwise it is better to
let the calf drink from the pail. Keep
your calf in a warm, clean, well-lighted
pen where it can have access to good hay
and a dry grain ration of one-half part
each of Winter wheat bran and ground
oats, also provide a salt lick in the pen. Tt
is impossible to give explicit directions for
the care of calves — good common sense
must be used. H. E. kinne.

Hartwick Seminary, N. Y.

RIPENING CREAM; USE OF STARTER

I would like to know how to make cream
ripen to churn and make sure to have it
sour enough and yet not too sour, a common
difficulty in Summer. Here is my method;
if anyone knows a better way to start the
ripening of the cream I should he greatly
obliged to learn the same, and if any objec¬
tion to the method I mention, I shall he glad
to learn that also. I use a hand separator
and always cool off the cream thoroughly
after each separation ; then I mix it with
cream from previous separating, all of which
I keep as cool as possible. Here is the point
I am puzzled about : how to ripen the cream
successfully ; what to use for “starter.” I
always start mine this way, and successfully,
too, it seems. When I have almost enough
for one churning the last lot of cream to
bo mixed with the old cream, instead of cool¬
ing it off as before, I pour It in warm, imme¬
diately after separating, and it. seems to be
a splendid starter. If there is any objection
to this method I have not been able to find
It out. Is there any better way, simple, that
a farmer can adopt? s. c. H.

Champion, Wls.

I wotdd not put in the last separation
of cream warm from the machine, as I
would suppose this would have a tendency
to make soft butter. We cool each mess
of cream and mix, then warm the whole
lot up to 70 degrees and keep it at that
temperature until it sours. Then cool
down to 60 degrees and churn. The way
to keep cream from getting too sour is
to churn it when it gets sour enough.

J. GRANT MORSE.

CARE OF ST. BERNARD DOG.

We have a St. Bernard dog, nine months
old, brought from Switzerland when only a
few weeks old. Ills coat is so heavy that the
first warm days have made him almost ill.
Should he be clipped? What is (he very best
diet for him? We are now feeding him new
milk twice a day, cornmeal mush and scraps
from the table. pont.

Long Island.

Do not clip the hair, for if you have him
clipped he will never have the same bright,
glossy look. I know it from experience. Broken
crackers that yon can get at the bakery or
grocery, and as such dogs are large eaters,
well-baked cornbread will help to fill them up,
but it must be fed with care. Potatoes should
never be cooked with skins on, and they
should never have the potato water. I have
had good results from potatoes and cornbread.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

CRIBBING HORSES ,

Can you tell us why horses eat their man¬
gers? We feed meal and wheat bran. The
horses seem possessed to eat everything in
their reach. e. s. s.

State Line, Mass.

The habit is usually acquired from idleness,
scanty feeding, poor food, poor teeth and
sometimes from worms, but I think t lie latter
is overestimated. When the habit lias been
formed it is a hard thing to break off. Cov¬
ering the edges of the manger and corners of
the posts with thin iron, or even driving a
few small shingle nails where they are liable
to gnaw will put a stop to it. and perhaps is
the neatest, and best way. This is a good sub¬
ject for discussion, and I would be pleased to
hear from others.

WHY YOU SHOULD BUY A

CREAM SEPARATOR

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

BECAUSE.— It will save you $10.- per cow every
year of use over any gravity setting or skimming
process, and last you at least twenty years.

BECAUSE.— It will save you $5.- per cow every
year of use over any imitating cream separator, and
last you at least five times as long.

BECAUSE.— In proportion to actual capacity it is
not only the best but also the cheapest of cream
separators, and saves its cost the first year of use.

BECAUSE. — It can be bought on such liberal terms
that it actually pays for itself.

BECAUSE.— Being the first of separators it has
always kept far in the lead, being protected by one
important patent after another, and its sales are ten
times those of all other machines combined.

A DE LAVAL catalogue explaining these facts
and many others in detail is to be had for the asking.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal 8ts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHI LA DKLl’HI A
9 & 11 Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cort/andt Street,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
7ft & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDormot Avenue.
WINNIPEG.

MfUICVI Cows will give 15 to 20 per
|NrT I cent more milk if protected
mviikai ■ from t[le torture of flies with

CHILD'S SO- BOS -SO KILFLY.

Kills flies and all insects; protects horses ns well
as cows. Perfectly harmless to man and beast
Rapidly applied with Child's Electric Sprayer.
80 to 50 cows sprayed in a few minutes. A true
antiseptic; keeps stables, chicken houses, pig
pens in a perfectly sanitary condition.

Auk denier for Child's 80-B08-S0 or send $1 (special |
price) for i-gnl enn aud Sprayer complete by express.

CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Manufacturers,
24 LaFayette Street, Utica, N. Y.

/! r BLATCHFORDS

SUGAR and FLAXSEEDN

PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR ANO
PURE FLAXSEED WITH THE OIL ALL IN IT
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC

DIRTY MOLASSES, MILL FEED OR REFUSE

! beet Food for Slock at quarter the cost of Stock f
^Recommended by Agricultural hxperlnicnt Stations a
^thouMnda of Farmers. Writs for samples and prices.^

kIHE BARWELL MILLS, Waukegan, III..

runt r v

L NO I

^^^Thc bea

thou

Xj

USE A

i Foods,
is and
ttt.

\.JT

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows tlie "Weedsport)
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and

r

r~

jin

cji

■^i

r

i| 1!

IP

r

(j

j|T 1 1

J

, 1

1

Jlilj

Id

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers.most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMFASfY, Box 53, Jefferson, Ohio.

DR. DAVID ROBERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to readers
of this paper.

Is your herd on a paying basis ] If not,
read my booklet and learn why not.

Hundreds of dollars can be saved and made
every year by keeping cattle in a strong,
healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers your whole
herd.

I have made a specialty of all diseases of
cattle and have written booklets that will en¬
able you to prevent and cure any of the fol¬
lowing ailments.

No. 1. Booklet— Abortion in Cows.

No. 2. Booklet— Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet— Retained Afterbirth.

No. 4. Booklet— Scours i n Calves.

Also J How to make your OWN

No. 5. Booklet — | STOCK FOOD at home.

These books are free. Write for them.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

415 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wls. 1

Cowy Smells ft

feed and stable odors left In milk a
mean quick souring and low grade
butter and cheese. The

Perfection Sfi* 1

£u rifles and cools perfectly.

very particle exposed to the air. Si tnplo. costs little,
most convenient, many sizes. Write for circulars.

L. R. LEWIS, Mfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y.

LABEL

Dana's*",':, EAR LABELS

stamped w ith any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

C. II. DANA, 7 4 Main 8t., West Lebanon, N. H.

468

£

Q>

THE RU -iL NEW-YORKER.

June 10, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLESAIjF, PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
proms. In use 61 year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOlL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25 to 30 percent coimniHKion

to Ket order* for our celebrated Tea*,
Coffee*, Spice*, Extract* and BakfiiK
Powder. Beautiful Present* and Coupon*
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID.
For prompt attention addre** Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO..

P. O. Box 889, 31-33 VeseySt., New York

' Top Buggy guaranteed 2 years. Sold on 30 Days '
| Free Trial. It's a genuine
Split Hickory that moans
|2 b% more value. The biggest 1
Ibuggy bargain of the year.

A Free 102 page catalogue.
i The Ohio Carriage .

Mfg. Oo.

LH. C. Phelps. Preal
Station 200
^Cincinnati, ObioN

To Cas Engine Operators

Dynamo Ignition. ,

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery \o ntart or run. The original
•4 speed-controlled friction-drive Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engino shaft. No
belts. No beveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel necessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fully Guaranteed.
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO.,

58 Main Street, Pendleton, Ind., U.S. A.

BARREL OF AIR BURNER AS FUEL

New, Remarkable Stove — Ohioan’s Great Invention — Consumes 395 Barrels
of Air to One Gallon of common Kerosene oil making oil-gas — the
New Fuel that looks and burns like gas?

Wood, coal and oil all cost money. ONLY FREE FUEL IS AIR! Unlimited supply — no trust in control. Air belongs

to rich and poor alike. We can’t burn air alone but see here ! Our wonderful stove burns air and gas _ very

little gas— principally air. Takes its fuel almost entirely from the atmosphere.

A miniature gas works -penny fuel for every family— save 1-2 to 1-3 on cost-save dirt and drudgery— no more coal or

wood to carry — ashes unknown — absolute safety.

SEE HOW SIMPLE? TURN « KNOB-TOUCH A MATCH-FIRE IS ON. TURN AGAIN— FIRE IS OFF? THAT’S ALL.

Astonishing but true — time- tested— proven facts — circulars give startling details — overwhelming evidence.

NO SUCH STOVE SOLD IN STORES. UNLIKE ANYTHING YOU’VE SEEN OR HEARD OF.

Not Dangerous Like Gasoline

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws,

One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level rillTTCDO
Tread, Perfect Governor. Feed & Ensilage UUI I trio
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONEAGR’LWORKS.PotfstOwn, Pa

Goodhue

Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free

booklet explains their many ad¬
vantages, and tel Is about our new

INDESTRUCTIBLE
TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical informa¬
tion that should be in the hands of every farmer.
Send for i t to-day and ask about our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

APPLETON MFG. CO.

27 FARGO ST. BATAVIA, ILL.

Fearless
Threshers.

Best foe single fanner orj
sereral neighbors. With ’
tread power it’s all Indoors.

Suitable for cither horse power or engine. Threshes and
cleans perfectly. Runs easy. Also Horse Powers. En¬
gines, Feed Cutters, Wood Saws, Silos, etc. Send lot
catalogue, o

HARDER MFG. CO., Box 11, Cobleskill, NT.

b THE FAMOUS <

Green Mountain

.a

Adds twenty to twenty-five per
cent to the productive value of
every cow.

Makes it possible to feed your
present herd at one-half the present
expense, or to maintain a herd
twice as large without any addi¬
tional expense for feed. Pays for
itself in two years at most, and in
many instances in one year.

Our New Catalogue tells all
about it. We want you to have a
copy of it. Write us to-day.

Agents wanted in unoccupied
territory.

■>TfWtfP.ACX.V.k)l

Note: We mr manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and
Supplies for Dairy and Oeamery ; also Gasolene Engines,
Pleasure Boats, etc., etc.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

The Parsons’

SHORT TURN

“LOW-DOWN”
MILK WAGONS

SHORT¬
EN YOUR
LABOR
AND

LENGTH¬
EN YOUR
LIFE.

Send
for

Catalogue

PARSONS "LOW-DOWN” WAGON WORKS, EarIvllle.N.Y

A genius of Cincinnati has invented a new,
scientific oil-gas generator that is proving a
blessing to women folks, enabling them to
cook with gas — relieving them of drudgery.
Makes cooking and housework a delight arid
at the same time often saves 1-3 to 1-2 cost
of fuel.

How often have many of our ladv readers
remarked that they would give anything to
get rid of the drudgery of using the dirty coal
and wood stoves — also the smoky oil wick
stoves and their gasoline stoves which are
so dangerous and liable to cause explosions
or fire at any time.

Well, that day has arrived and a tine sub¬
stitute has been discovered and every family
can now have gas fuel for cooking', baking
and heating and not. have their kitchens a
hot, fiery furnace In summer, and be carry¬
ing coal and ashes — ruining their looks arid
health.

Thousands a Week.

Upon calling at the factory we found that
this invention has caused a remarkable excite¬

ment all over the U. S. — that the factory is
already rushed with thousands of orders and
evidently the Company"s representatives and
agents are making big profits as they offer
splendid inducements.

As will lie noticed from the engraving, this
OIL-GAS GENERATOR is entirely different
from any other stove — although its construc¬
tion is very simple — may be easily and safely
operated and is built on the latest scientific
principles, having no valves, which is a
marked improvement, as all valves are liable
to leak, carbonize, clog up or overflow.

By simply moving a knob the oil is auto¬
matically fed to a small, steel burner bowl
or retort where it is instantly changed into
gas, which is drawn upwards between two
red hot perforated steel chimneys, thoroughly
mixed with air and consumed, giving ,a
bright blue flame — hottest gas fire, similar in
color and heating power to natural gas. *

This invention has been
fully protected in the U. S.

Patent Office and is known as
the HARRISON VALVE LESS.

WICKLESS. AUTOM A T I C
OIL-GAS GENERATOR— the
only one yet discovered that
consumes the carbon and by¬
products of the oil.

The extremely -small amount
of Kerosene Oil that Is needed
to produce so large a volume
of gas make it one of the most
economical fuels on earth and
the reason for the great suc¬
cess of this Generator is based
on the well known fact of the
enormous expansiveness of oil¬
gas when mixed with oxygen
or common air.

Oil-Gas is proving so cheap
that 15c to 30c a week should
furnish fuel gas for cooking
for a small family.

Kerosene oil from which oil-gas is made
may be purchased in every grocery — is cheap
and a gallon of it will furnish a hot, blue
flame gas fire in the burner for about 18
hours and as a stove is only used 3 or 4
hours a day in most families for cooking,
the expense of operating would be but little.
In addition to its cheapness is added the com¬
fort, cleanliness — absence of soot, coal, dirt,
ashes, etc.

What pleasure to just turn on the oil — light
the gas — a hot tire ready to cook. When
through, turn it off. Just think; a little
kerosene oil- — one match — light — a beautiful
blue gas flame— hottest fire — always ready —
quick meals — a gas stove in your home.

It generates the gas only as needed — Is not
complicated, but simple — easily operated and
another feature is its PERFECT SAFETY.

And liable to explode and cause fire at any
moment. This stove is so safe that you could

drop a match in the oil tank and it would
go out.

This Oil-Gas Stove does any kind of cook¬
ing that a coal or gas range will do — inval¬
uable for the kitchen, laundry — summer cot¬
tage — washing — ironing — camping, etc. Splen¬
did for canning fruit — with a portable oven
placed over .the burner splendid baking can
be done.

Another Important Feature

Is the invention of a small Radiator Attach¬
ment which placed over the burner makes a
desirable heating stove during the fall and
winter so that the old cook stove may be
done away with entirely.

While at the factory in Cincinnati the
writer was shown thousands of letters from
customers who were using this wonderful oil¬
gas stove, showing that it is not an experi¬
ment but a positive success and giving splen¬
did satisfaction and as a few extracts may
he interesting to our readers we reproduce
them :

L. S. Norris, of Vt., writes : “The Harrison
Oil-Gas Generators are wonderful savers of
fuel — at least 50 per cent, to 75 per cent,
over wood and coal.”

Mr. H. Howe, of N. Y., writes : “I find the
Harrison is the first and only perfect oil-gas
stove I have ever seen — so simple anyone
can safely use it. It is what 1 have wanted
for years. Certainly a blessing to human
kind.”

Mr. E. I). Arnold, of Nebr., writes: “That
Ho Saved 84.25 a Month for Fuel
by using the Harrison Oil-Gas Stove. That
his gas range cost him $5.50 per month and
the Harrison only $1.25 per month.”

J. A. Shafer, of Pa., writes: “The Harrison
Oil-Gas Stove makes an intense heat jfrom a
small quantity of oil — entirely free from
smoke or smell — great improvement over any
other oil stove. Has a perfect arrangement
for combustion— can scarcely be distinguished
from a natural gas fire.”

Mr. II. B. Thompson, of Ohio, writes: “I
congratulate you on such a grand invention
to aid t lie poor in this time of high fuel.
The mechanism is so simple — easily operated
— no danger. The color of the gas flame
is a beautiful dark blue, and so hot seems
almost double as powerful as gasoline.”

Mrs. J. L. Hamilton, writes: “Am de¬
lighted — Oil-Gas Stoves so much nicer and
cheaper than others — no wood, coal, ashes,
smoke, no pipe, no wick, cannot explode.”

Hon. Ira Eble, J. F., of Wis., writes : “Well
pleased with the Harrison — far ahead of gas¬
oline. No smoke or dirt — no trouble. Is
perfectly safe — no danger of explosion like
gasoline.”

Chas. L. Bendeke, of N. Y., writes : “It is a
pleasure to be the owner of your wonderful

rison very satisfactory — Sold 5 stoves first
day I had mine.”

J. II. llalman. of Tenn., writes: "Already
have 70 orders."

This is certainly a good chance for our
readers to make money this summer.

Hundreds of other prominent people highly
endorse and recommend oil-gas fuel and there
certainly seems to be no doubt that it is a
wonderful improvement over other stoves.

The writer personally saw these Oil-Gas
Stoves in operation — in fact uses one in his
own home — is delighted with its working and
after a thorough investigation can say to our
readers that this Harrison Oil-Gas Stove
made by the Cincinnati firm is the only per¬
fect burner of its kind.

It is made in three sizes 1, 2 or 3 genera¬
tors to a stove. They are made of steel
throughout — thoroughly tested before ship¬
ping — sent out complete— ready for use as
soon as received — nicely finished with nickel
trimmings and as thore seems to be nothing
about it to wear out, they should last for
years. They seem to satisfy and delict
every user and the makers fully guarantee
them.

Oil-Gas Stove — no coal yard, plumbing — ashes
or dust. One match lights the stove and in
10 minutes breakfast is ready. No danger
from an explosion — no smoke — no dirt — sim¬
ply turn it off and expense ceases. For
cheapness it has no equal.”

Agents are doing fine— Making
big money.

WONDERFUL QUICK SELLER.

Geo. Robertson, of Me., writes : “Am de¬
lighted with Oil-Gas, so are my friends — took
12 orders in 3 days.”

A. B. Slimp, of Texas, writes: “I want the
agency — In a day and a half took over a
dozen orders.”

Edward Wilson, of Mo., writes: “The Har-

HOW TO GET ONE.

All our lady readers who want to enjoy the
pleasures of a gas stove — the cheapest, clean¬
est. and safest fuel — save 1-3 to 1-2 on fuel
bills and do their cooking, baking, ironing
and canning fruit at small expense should
have one of these remarkable stoves.

.Space prevents a more detailed description,
out these oil-gas stoves will boar out the most
exacting demand for durability and satisfac¬
tory properties.

If you will write to the only makers. The
World Mfg. Co., 5934 World Building,
Cincinnati, Ohio, and ask for their illus¬
trated pamphlet describing this invention and
also letters from hundreds of delighted users
you will receive much valuable information.

The price of these Stoves is remarkably
low on Ty $3.00 up. And it is indeed difficult
to imagine where that amount of money could
he invested in anything else that would bring
such saving in fuel bills, so much good health
and satisfaction to our wives.

DON’T FAIL TO WRITE TO-DAY

for full information regarding this splendid
invention.

The World Mfg. Co., is composed of prom-
iDent business men of Cincinnati, are per-
fectly responsible and reliable, capital $100,-
000 and will do just as thev agree. The stoves
are just as represented and fully warranted,
and delivered promptly to any address.

Don't fail to write for Catalogue.

$40.00 Weekly and Expenses.

The firm offers splendid inducements to
agents and an energetic man or woman hav¬
ing spare time can get a good position, pay¬
ing big wages by writing them at once arid
mentioning this paper.

A wonderful wave of excitement has swept
over the country for where shown these Oil-
Gas Stoves have caused great excitement.
Oil-Gas fuel is so economical and delightful
that the sales of these Stoves last month
were enormous and the factory is rushed with
thousands of orders.

Many of our readers have spare time, or
are out of employment and others are not
making a great deal of money, and we advise
them to write to the firm and secure an
agency for this invention. Exhibit this stove
before 8 or 10 people and vou excite their
curiosity and should be able to sell 5 or 8
and make $10.00 to $15.00 a day. Why
should people live in penury or suffer hard¬
ships for the want of plenty of money when
an opportunity of this sort is open?

5ave $30

1° J*® ordinary way of buying \\Z from a dealer this buggy

mission added, from $16

to 830 more than if bought from our factory. We are actual manufacturers and
sell by mail direct to the customer, saving all middlemen or dealers’ profits to the
buyer. In every case we guarantee satisfaction or refund purchase price, and
pay freight both ways. Write for free illustrated catalogue.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO., Colnmbns, Ohio.

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
structed. Saves
labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2890.

NEW YORK, JUNE 17, 1905

WEEKLY, ?1.00 PER YEAR.

FRUIT GROWING ON ROUGH LAND.

A NEW USE OF OLD PASTURE.

Promising Industry for New England.

UNPROMISING SITUATIONS.— On the rough
hills around Wallingford, Conn., an experiment in fruit
culture is being worked out which is sure to have a great
influence upon New England horticulture. It is bring¬
ing waste if not abandoned land back to profitable pro¬
duction. Mr. J. Norris Barnes, of Yalesville, is the
pioneer in this rough land planting. As is usually the
case, neighbors watched the plan and the trees until
results began to show — then peach trees began to
crowd in upon the hills everywhere. Mr. Barnes, with
his brother, conducts a nursery business chiefly on the
level land at the lower part of the
farm. The hills are being planted to
peach orchards, with apple trees in
most of them — designed for permanent
use of the ground.

One must go to New England to
realize just what a hill farm means.

Some of these hills have been cleared
for more than two centuries, and have
been practically abandoned. The de¬
velopment of New England farming
during the past 25 years has been chief¬
ly along the valleys, where flat land,
reasonably good and easily tilled, has
been used for truck farming or grow¬
ing feed and forage. The hill lands
are difficult to cultivate, and have been
used as pastures or left to grow up to
brush and wood. A man may travel
back from some populous manufactur¬
ing town, still in the hearing of fac¬
tory whistles, and find himself in a
wilderness, with little besides old stone
walls and rotting fences to show that
humans ever held the hills as their
home. These hills are mostly rocky
and steep — in some cases being nearly
covered with flat stones, while in
others large bowlders or rocky ledges
show upon the surface. While these
uninviting fields are usually of good
fertility they have little commercial
value. All farm property in this sec¬
tion a few miles back from the rail¬
road is low, even the excellent dairy
farms which lie in the valleys. These
old hills have little value, because they
have been judged by their ability to
compete with the smooth valley lands
in growing truck or feed. Mr. Barnes
believed that this cheap and idle land
could be turned into profitable or¬
chards of peach and apple if they were
handled in the way best suited to their
needs. It was evident that “intense and thorough cul¬
ture,” such as is advocated by many expert growers,
would not do here.

WHY USE HILL LAND?— But why should an ex¬
perienced man consider these rough hills suitable for
fruit growing?

All old pasture lands are strong. That is well un¬
derstood. I once attended a farmers’ meeting at the
orchard of Grant Hitchings — the advocate of mulching.
An old farmer who was present said :

“I am told that this hill where the orchard is was
used years ago as a pasture for cattle and sheep. That
explains it. No wonder the trees grow. Stock may
walk away from a field, but they can’t carry the strength
they have added to the soil.”

V/hen soil goes back to nature' it never loses strength,
but gains in humus, water-holding capacity, and the
peculiar character required to produce a tree and grow

firm, high-colored fruit. It is now pretty well under¬
stood that in the North, away from large bodies of
water, the hillsides are the safest places for peach or¬
chards. In time of frost, at least when the air is still,
the hills are likely to be warmer, since cold air, being
heavier, rolls down into the valleys. Air drainage is
also better on the hills, and this constant circulation of
air may mean greater safety from fungus diseases. The
use of chemical fertilizers is now becoming so well un¬
derstood that peach growers can feed a tree properly on
almost any soil that is not too wet. Therefore those
hills which had been crowded out of competition with
ordinary crops may yet find a new place in farm econ¬
omy. It is not unlike putting an idle man who has
loafed and grown strong for years, at a useful job which

attracts the best there is in him, giving him opportunity.

ROUGH LAND PLANTING. — ‘What special method
is suitable for planting such lands? In my own case I
have been satisfied to put June-bud peach trees into the
ground without plowing or cultivating the soil — piling a
mulch of some sort around the little trees, feeding them
well and then leaving them pretty much alone to make
their own heads.- The growth of such trees has been
moderate — with a low and peculiar wide-spreading head
— well adapted to hillsides where the winds are strong.
It has been my practice to cut the top of the tree back
12 or 15 inches and the roots back to mere stubs. Ex¬
perience shows that by starting the trees this way we
have better control of the top as it grows and can start
it close to the ground in bush form. I have found that
close root-pruning, and planting in a small hole, has
given a deeper and, as I consider, a better root system.
Mr. Barnes is evidently not prepared to go to this

extreme limit in rough land planting. He cuts the top
of the tree — usually a yearling — back to a small whip,
but leaves, I should judge, about five inches of side
root. With the first orchards, now eight or nine years
old, the ground was evidently quite well tilled to
begin with, but as the trees have grown successfully it
would seem as if with each year the trees have been
planted on rougher land — with less importance attached
to the previous culture. In fact, Mr. Barnes told me of
one orchard planted on land which a few years ago he
considered too rough for profitable use. I am sure
that most people will plant on rough land at first with
many misgivings only to be astonished at their success,
provided they give the trees a fair chance. Mr. Ba'rnes
took me back to an old moss-grown pasture where a
neighbor has started an orchard. The
trees were cut back to eight inches or
a foot above ground and had been
planted right in the old sod. Then two
or three furrows on either side of each
row had been turned to the trees. The
trees were apparently all starting. They
would look forlorn enough to a peach
grower who follows the old plan of
thorough cultivation, but I know from
experience what such trees will do if
the grass and weeds are kept away
from the trunks and the trees are fair¬
ly well fed.

HOW TO START.— I asked Mr.
Barnes to tell in a brief statement just
how lie prefers to plant a tree. Here
is his answer:

“The method we prefer to use in
planting a young peach orchard, if the
land is fairly tillable and in fair con¬
dition, is to open a trench by turning
a two-horse plow furrow each way,
and with shovel enlarging and deepen¬
ing the place for the tree, to receive
the tree roots the proper depth, and
that should be such that the union of
the bud with the stock is not higher
than the surface of the ground. We
have given up making large holes, but
aim to fill around roots with the best
soil, and add bought fertility according
to richness of soil. A mulch of leaves
or litter of some sort around the newly
planted tree is excellent treatment,
nothing better. Later we turn back
one, two or three furrows to the tree
row; that is the team work for the
first season, but if the trees are not
mulched they are worked around suffi¬
ciently to keep down all trash growth
about them. The cultivated area is en¬
larged as the growing tree demands
until the whole surface is under tillage.
This system has given us excellent results, and we are
pleased with it, as being economical, saving of the
vegetable substance in the soil and preventing in part
the tendency to wash by rains on the hillsides. Our
main orchard, now eight and nine years old, was plant¬
ed and grown by this method, next to no fertilizer be¬
ing used after trees were well started, until after first
crop of fruit was obtained, and it is and has been a
splendid orchard, and has given us large quantities of
fine fruit. Our apple orchards have mostly been planted
with the peach trees, and so of course have had the
same treatment.”

Thus in the younger orchards you will find rows of
young trees stretching across the fields with three or
four feet of plowed space on either side, and the rest
of the surface left untouched. Year by year more of the
centers are plowed until the entire field has been turned
over. All the later plantings of trees, within three or

47o

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 17,

four years have headed very close to the ground. The
peach will run from 6 to 18 inches and the apple two to
three feet from the ground. Two of the last orchards
planted are on mountain land so steep and rough that
it never can be cultivated with a team. The rows are
18 feet apart, and the trees stand 10 and 12 feet in the
row. Mr. Barnes says that those trees had next to
nothing done to them in the way of working, and yet
some of them made two and even three feet of grow’th

last year. H. w. c.

(To be continued.)

NITRATE OF POTASH AS A FERTILIZER.

A short time ago there was an inquiry in The R.
N.-Y. regarding nitrate of potash as compared with
nitrate of soda and muriate of potash, which was an¬
swered unfavorably as regards the economy of nitrate
of potash. The writer has bought and mixed, each year
for the past eight years, from 12 to 15 tons chemicals,
and has made quite a study of the economy and effi¬
ciency of different materials. Owing to the high cost of
nitrate of soda the present year an effort was made to
find something to take its place. As a large part of
our fertilizers are used on grass lands, it was considered
important that a readily available and quick-acting
source of nitrogen should be used. Nitrate of potash
contains the two most important ingredients needed by
the grass crop, nitrogen and potash, in such combina¬
tions as to be at once available. A small amount of
finely-ground bone was added chiefly to dry out the
nitrate of potash, so that it could be readily distributed
with a broadcast fertilizer sower. Nitrate of soda con¬
tains on the average 15J4 per cent of nitrogen, while
muriate of potash, of a high grade, contains 51 per cent
of actual potash. Nitrate of potash has an average com-
position of 13 per cent of nitrogen and 4554 per cent of
actual potash. The following table shows the relative
cost, at the best prices which could be obtained for
the different materials:

1 ton of nitrate of potash at N. Y . $7.".00

Freight to local station . 2.80

877.80

Equivalent, of nitrogen from nitrate of soda, 1677 lbs.

at $48.50 per ton . $40.67

Equivalent of potash from muriate of potash, 1765

lbs, at $41.50 per ton . 36.64

Freight to local station on 3,442 lbs . 3.82

$81.13

Difference in favor of nitrate of potash . $ 3.33

Litchfield Co., Conn. chas. s. phelps.

POTATO BLIGHT IN CENTRAL NEW YORK

A SPRAYING EXPERIMENT. — A personal expe¬
rience with the late blight of the potato may be of eco¬
nomic interest to all potato growers. We have been
aware for some time of the results obtained by the ex¬
periment station workers, notably in the Vermont Sta¬
tion, in preventing this blight which prevails occa¬
sionally and somewhat frequently in central New York
by spraying with the Bordeaux Mixture. Since potatoes
constitute one of the chief crops on our farm, the old
Lincoln homestead, three miles west of Syracuse, my
father and I decided two years ago to make a trial
treatment as an experiment, but rather more extensive
than we would care to undertake, had we not had full
faith in the results reported by the other workers. The
field was planted with Burbank potatoes in rows three
feet apart, and the hills 17 inches apart in the row.
The soil is a disintegrated shale containing much gyp¬
sum, and receiving drainage water from limestone. It
is in a high state of cultivation, and highly manured. In
this particular field the blight is a very frequent visitor,
coming nearly every year. In 1902 it was first noticed,
and nearly ruined the crop, so that the yield was not
more than 50 per cent of what it should have been. It
was in 1903 that the treatment which I am describing
was made. Spraying had not been undertaken on any
adjoining farm by any farmer in that region with the
exception of a very few small market gardeners, who
used the knapsack or bucket pump, treating possibly one-
half acre or an acre of potatoes. The Bordeaux Mix¬
ture was made according to the formula 5-5-50, and
applied three times; first when the potatoes were 10 to
12 inches high ; second, about 14 days later, and third
about 14 days after that. In the interval there were
some rains, but not enough seriously to interfere with
the treatment. In all there were 17 acres treated. Six
rows were left untreated, however, in order to deter¬
mine the value of the treatment. In 1904 17 acres on
the same field were also treated three times at the same
age, and three rows were left untreated.

RESULTS OF TREATMENT. — As to the benefits
of both of these treatments, I may say that in 1903 the
six rows left unsprayed blighted and died to the ground,
while the adjoining rows remained healthy and green.
Fig. 198 shows the difference. Absolutely the only dif¬
ference in these two portions of the field is that the
portion of the field at the left was sprayed three times.

while the portion to the right was unsprayed. The soil,
fertilizers, time of planting, kind of seed and everything
excepting spraying was precisely the same on these two
regions. The sprayed potatoes continued to grow and
the unsprayed potatoes were dead. In digging the dif¬
ference is fully as striking. Two rows of equal length,
one sprayed and one not sprayed, were dug and the
yield measured. The unsprayed gave 1054 bushels and
the sprayed 17 bushels. Spraying had caused an in¬
crease of 62 per cent in the yield. In 1904 the results
were very similar, and need not be recited. The striking
benefit received from spraying only once, an experiment

POTATO FIELD SHOWING SPRAYED AND UNSPRAYED
PORTIONS. Fig. 198.

which was tried on a small portion of the field, is worthy
of note. Where sprayed only once a given area gave
6014 bushels, 5354 of which were salable, and the same
area unsprayed gave 3954 bushels, 3154 bushels of which
were salable, an increase of spraying of 53 per cent in
total yield and 70 per cent in salable potatoes. That is
nearly as much benefit was noted from one as from
three sprayings. The amounts above given were made
as the potatoes were picked in the field. No difference,
however, was noted in the keeping quality, and there
was no particular loss from rot, so that the estimate as
given may be considered as applying, at the time of sale.
Stating this gain in terms of bushels per acre the yield
on an unsprayed acre was 147 bushels, and upon a
sprayed acre 250 bushels, making an increase in yield
due to spraying of 103 bushels. Even with potatoes
bringing but 50 cents per bushel, as was the case that
year, the gross increase amounted to $51.50 per acre.

COST OF SPRAYING. — One authority says that
“the Bordeaux Mixture costs 8-10 of a cent a gallon.
The aim is to apply from 150 to 200 gallons per acre.
Two applications require 300 gallons, and three applica¬
tions require 500 gallons.” Conner sulphate was bought
for 654 cents per pound in 100-pound lots. Ten acres
sprayed three times will require 5,000 gallons, or 500
pounds of copper sulphate costs $31.25; also 500 pounds
of lime cost $1.50, the total actual cost of the materials
being $32.75, on the basis of 10 acres. The cost of
mixing is trifling, and the cost of application, if proper

DETAIL OF SPRAYED POTATO FIELD. Fig. 199.

machinery is at hand, is very slight. The application
on our field was made by using the Gould power sprayer,
tank mounted on wheels with a pump geared to the
wheels and supplying spray from six nozzles, taking
therefore six rows at a time. With this spraying ma¬
chine an acre can be sprayed in from 15 to 20 minutes,
requiring one man and two horses. The cost of the
sprayer was $70. While the sprayer is' somewhat ex¬
pensive, it is possible for several farmers to buy one
together, and thus reduce the cost to each. It will be
seen at a glance, however, that even if you deduct the
cost of the sprayer as well as the cost of the materials
and labor from the profits of the first year, the spraying
pays a handsome profit even upon the basis of 10 acres.

The difference of the yield of the sprayed and unsprayed
10-acre field, based on our yield of 1904, would be
$515; the cost of materials $32.75, leaving a difference
of $483.25 to set against the trifling amount of labor
required and to pay for the spraying machine.

LSE OF PARIS-GREEN. — There is one feature of
the labor of which I have not spoken, and that is in
connection with the fact that most years it is necessary
for the farmer to apply Paris-green for the Potato beetle,
whether he chooses to use the Bordeaux or not. If the
Paris-green is needed it may be mixed in with the Bor¬
deaux Mixture at the rate of one pound for every 200
gallons, and applied with the Bordeaux. In such a case
it costs nothing to apply the Bordeaux Mixture, since
the green would have to be applied anyway, and the
Bordeaux may be applied with it without any extra labor.
The use of the power sprayer, even if the green alone
is to be applied, is to be highly recommended ; not only
because of the cheapness and thoroughness of the appli¬
cation, but also because it makes it possible to go over
10 or 20 acres of potatoes with the green, even in the
midst of haying, or when >ou are pressed with work
of whatever kind. You can always secure time enough
to run over your potato field with the green if you have
a power sprayer, when you could not get time to make
the same treatment by hand. This often means a great
difference in the yield of the crop. This experience,
though not showing such large gains as have been re¬
ported in some bulletins, seems to be thoroughly con¬
vincing as a practical field demonstration as to the value
of spraying with the Bordeaux Mixture for the pre¬
vention of the blight; also to show clearly the cheapness
and efficiency of power sprayers for applying the green
alone.

PROFIT OF SPRAYING. — The loss from blight
throughout the country is very great. In 1885, in six
of the chief potato-growing States, it was estimated to
be $10,500,000. This could have been very largely avoid¬
ed by proper treatment. The results of spraying as
stated by the New York Experiment Station are as fol¬
lows: An increase in yield per acre due to seven spray¬
ings of 12354 bushels, having a value of $61.75. Allow¬
ing that the extra expense of the seven sprayings was
$13, a very liberal allowance, there is left a net profit
of $48.75 per acre. F. L. stevens.

N. C. College of Agriculture.

HOW TO CURE ALFALFA HAY.

As it will soon lie time for making Alfalfa hay, I would
like to hear from some of your experienced readers the best
methods to make it. It is a new crop in this section of
the State, as I have never seen any of it growing in this
county until I sowed my little crop, and I have never seen
any made. I understand Alfalfa hay must be made dif¬
ferently from that of Timothy or clover. t. b. h.

York Co., l’a.

When we get ready to cure our Alfalfa and make it
into hay we expect to adopt about the following method :
We shall not expose long to the sun after being cut, but
will practically cure it in the cock to save the leaves as
far as possiible. We have provided haycaps to protect
from the rain and dew. D. c. lewis.

New Jersey.

I should advise to mow in the morning as soon as
the dew is off, tedder, rake as soon as the rake will
draw it together, cock in small cocks, and leave to cure
from two to five days. Turn the cocks over every two
days so as not to smother the Alfalfa, as Alfalfa starts
a new growth very quickly. Turning the hay over is
done by two men (one left handed) by placing the
fork, on one side, lifting, and walk past the cock,
drawing out the forks. Two men, this way, can turn
the cocks as fast as they can walk. Be Careful not to
handle when too dry, as the leaves will drop off. Draw
in, if necessary, late in the afternoon. Handle Alfalfa
about the same as clover. The best hay I have seen
in this section is part Orchard grass, perhaps one-fourth.
The Orchard grass aids in curing the Alfalfa. M. h.

Fayetteville, N. Y.

We have had no difficulty in curing the Alfalfa hay
in reasonably good weather, according to the following
plan: Cut in the afternoon, when the foliage is dry;
about 11 o’clock on the following day begin with the
tedder, shake it well, going over it at least twice; then
rake and put up in small cocks. If the weather is
good, this may remain until the day following, when
they should be thrown out about 10 o’clock, stirred well
and hauled in during the afternoon. The main points
to observe in the curing of Alfalfa hay are, first, to
handle it while it is in a wilted state before the leaves
are thoroughly dry, to prevent the loss of leaves. If it
is put up when warm, and allowed to stand in the cock
for 24 hours, it will continue the curing process without
becoming so dry as to lose on the subsequent handling
after it is thrown out. During such weather as we are
having at the present time, cool and cloudy, it will nat¬
urally take several days to cure. e. b. voorhees.

New Jersey.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

47 1

WESTERN READERS HEARD FROM.

Prospects in South Dakota.

In one way it is the same with us as it is anywhere
else; one man will be doing well, have well-kept fields,
good fences and a pleasant home, and maybe the very
next farm (better soil perhaps) will present a picture
just the opposite. I think that at the present time this
country is the equal of any that I know of for a man
with small means to build up - home. Of course good
land that does not require irrigation and land under
ditch cost something. But I think there is still some
Government land to be had under the Belle Fourche
project that the Government is expected to begin next
April, and there is much land that has been signed un¬
der this ditch that can be had reasonably. The esti¬
mated cost of this ditch and reservoir is over two mil¬
lion dollars. The flood picture, Fig. 200, gives one a
good idea of the lay of this part of the country; it is
a view looking up Bear Butte Valley, and shows the
Butte five miles to the west. The hills begin about five
miles west of it. The other picture. Fig. 201, is my
home. My principal business is dairying; I get 25 cents
for butter the year round. At the present time I am
milking six fresh cows and six strippers, and am aver¬
aging over 11 pounds of butter a day. I feed Alfalfa
hay and squaw corn in the bundle. Squaw corn I
should think would be a grand feed for eastern farm¬
ers, especially northern New England
States. It matures quicker than any other
corn, and produces a crop, no matter how
dry the year. It grows four or five feet
high, with a world of suckers. With a
good stand drilled in and kept clean in
the start, it will cover the ground so that
the weeds have no show at all. Good
farm hands are very scarce ; those that
can be trusted, and are known have no
trouble in getting from $30 to $40 a
month. c. b. j.

An Invitation from Kansas.

I see so much written on Alfalfa cul¬
ture and so many suggestions offered that
I have to smile at times. I seeded 20
acres of cornstalk ground in Alfalfa in
1901 (April), 30 pounds per acre, one-
half sown each way (seed from crop of
previous year and clean). I prepared
seed bed as for onions, fine and smooth,
and 2'4 inches deep. No cultures, no
nodules, no “inoculated” soil; but just
excellent potato ground. Result, an ideal
“stand.” I clipped it five times first Sum¬
mer (no hay) ; next year cut four times;
the following year four times ; then
floods took all but roots. First 1905 crop
is now weighing out on city scales 10
tons per acre, second crop beginning to
bloom. This land cost $22.50 per acre in
1900. Does the East offer any farms
with “buildings thrown in” that will do
as well? If your son is going to be a
farmer and raise beef, corn, potatoes or
Alfalfa, mules, hogs or cotton, better
send him West to take a few lessons.

I hen give him some of that three per
cent money you got loaned out, and he
can fix himself right in any Western
State. Then you come to visit him, and
I’ll warrant he will make your visit in¬
teresting, if not instructive. Too much rain and corn
slow growth now. No fruit this year except straw¬
berries, and they sell for $1 per crate (24 boxes). New
potatoes $1.35 per bushel; green Alfalfa per ton de¬
livered in city, $2.50. Wheat fine. Oats nothing.

Ft. Scott, Kan. g. p.

TWO TROUBLESOME INSECTS.

Climbing Cutworms.

Is there any effective remedy for climbing cutworms?
We here in the Michigan grape belt are greatly troubled by
them. The usual remedy is to put cotton wool or tin on
vines and wires to prevent their climbing. I saw Paris-
green in mixture with bran and syrup recommended, also
Paris-green water on clover, and tried both without any ap¬
parent result. o. p. s.

Mattawan, Mich.

A firm in Grand Rapids, Mich., is making a “tree-
tanglefoot” mixture which is exceedingly sticky and
will remain so for many days. I do not think it will in-
jure grapevines, and I have used it very successfully
this Spring in stopping the ascent of canker-worm
moths on trees. It is certainly the stickiest substance
I ever come across, and I think it would stop cutworms.

I cannot understand why the correspondent is not
successful in stopping the worms with a band of cot¬
ton batting. The best way to apply this is to wind a
strip of batting several inches wide around the trunk

of tr'-e or vine and tie it with a string at the bottom;
then taking hold of the top edge pull it down so it
overhangs, thus forming a sort of an inverted funnel of
batting around f-h . tee. There are several ways by
which these c'imb ... cutworms can be killed. Where
they climb trees, ,t is practicable to jar them off on to
sheets at night ; usually about nine or ten o’clock is the
best time. This might not be practicable in vineyards.
Hand-picking is certainly practicable and effective; this
can be practiced either at night when the worms are
on the vines, or during the day when they are hiding
in the soil around the base of the vines within an inch
or two of the surface. The collected worms make good
poultry food. I have known of the above methods being
practiced successfully and cheaply in western New
York. I cannot understand why the correspondent
had trouble in poisoning the cutworms. The most effec¬
tive poison bait that has been thoroughly tested is a
bran mash poisoned with Paris-green or white arsenic,
using two or three pounds of the poison to 25 pounds
of the bran ; the sweetening of this mash apparently
does not add to its attractiveness for the cutworms. In
some experiments reported from Michigan several years
ago, it was stated that 90 per cent of the worms were
killed where little bunches of such a poisoned mash
were dropped around the base of each tree or vine.
This poison bran mash has been extensively and success¬
fully used in gardens and onion fields badly infested.

THE STEELY BEETLE ON GRAPE BUDS.

I send a small box of bugs that are ruining my grape
buds. They crawl into the buds and eat the heart out of
them. Can you tell me what they are, and if there is any
way to get rid of them? If there is we would like to try
it before they get all over the plot. This is the third
year. Last year there were only a few, the first year a
great many, and this year they are worse than ever.

Springville. N. Y. w. h. s.

The insect which has “nipped in the bud” many a
prospective crop of grapes in several of the grape-grow¬
ing sections of New York this Spring is the old enemy
familiarly known to vineyardists as the “steely beetle.”
These dark blue flea-beetles come from hibernation
early in the Spring, and do very destructive work on
vines by eating into and killing the opening buds. Such
vines do not start into growth in the Spring, and some¬
times it is attributed to frost. Later in the season a sec¬
ond growth develops, which rarely bears fruit. After
eating the buds, the beetles lay yellow eggs under the
loose bark near the buds, and after some of the leaves
have unfolded these eggs hatch into brown grubs. The
grubs eat small holes through the leaves, sometimes
riddling a dozen or so leaves on a vine. There is but
one brood of the insect in a year. The insect can
be effectively combated in several way. Oftentimes
the beetles get the buds before they are discovered. If
their work is suspected, it is practicable to go over the
vines and jar the beetles into little dishes of kerosene.

or the buds can be painted or sprayed with a strong
dose of poison, like arsenate of lead, at the rate of one
pound in 10 gallons of water. If the beetles get in
their destructive work on the buds before they are
discovered, one can prevent the appearance of the
beetles the next Spring by watching for the appearance
of the grubs on the leaves two or three weeks later,
and then simply spray the infested leaves with any of
the poisonous insecticides. Every grub killed in June on
the leaves means one less beetle which might success¬
fully hibernate and appear in the Spring and destroy
several buds. As it is doubtless now too late
to strike a blow at the beetles, the correspondent
should make every effort to kill the grubs which will
appear on the leaves a little later.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL CEMETERIES.

What would be the most suitable plants for vase in ceme¬
tery, both for creeping plants for edge, and upright plants
for center, something that would be in bloom most of the
season. Also what do you think of planting deciduous trees
for shade in cemeteries — some claim that they cause moss
on the monuments and that sextons object to the roots in
digging graves. But I think trees add much to the looks
and comfort to visitors to cemeteries. Many of our ceme¬
teries here are entirely bare of trees. r

Ohio.

We consider that cemetery and park planting are
both based upon the same principles of beauty, and the
absence of deciduous trees is a decided
detriment. Many years ago gardeners of
prominence began to work for the en¬
couragement of “rural cemeteries,” as
they are called; that is, burial places dis¬
tinguished by the absence of fencing
around the lots, copings or elaborate
monuments, the idea being to turn each
one into a beautiful and restful park.
This idea has gained ground in the large
centers, but too often the cemetery be¬
longing to a small community is not
“rural” in the landscape gardener’s sense,
the absence of fine trees and shrubbery,
combined with tasteless monuments, hav¬
ing a most repellant effect. By all means
encourage the proper planting of fine
trees and shrubs in your local cemetery,
and if at any time visiting Chicago go to
Graceland Cemetery and see how beauti¬
ful God’s Acre may be.

It would be a hard matter to recom¬
mend plants that would be in bloom
most of the season. In the land¬
scape or "rural” cemeteries the graves
are not mounded. It is difficult to
keep a mounded grave in order, as the
grass dries out badly in Summer heat,
and is difficult to cut neatly. Suitable
trailing plants for covering graves, and
for cemetery use generally, are the Me¬
morial rose (Rosa Wichuraiana), Eng¬
lish ivy and “myrtle” or periwinkle (Vin¬
ca minor). Various Spiraeas, both hard-
wooded and herbaceous, Deutzias, Hy¬
drangea, Japan snowball, dogwoods, both
tree and bush forms, mock orange and
lilac, white kerria and fringe tree are all
suitable for cemetery planting. The old-
fashioned Hybrid China rose, Mme. Plan-
tier, is very desirable ; its season of bloom
is short, but while it lasts it is a mass of
white flowers, and several of the Rugosa
roses should be used, as they are so handsome in
growth. The list of suitable shrubs is almost endless.
In herbaceous plants there is equal variety. As neat
edging plants the Plantain lilies (Funkias) will be
found excellent; for general planting hardy Phlox in
the pale colors; Irises, purple and white; lily of the
valley, native Asters, English violets, Yucca or Adam’s
needle. The planting must be governed by soil, expo¬
sure and effect desired.

For vases, in cemeteries as elsewhere, one must de¬
pend chiefly upon annual bedding plants, and they must
be very thoroughly and regularly watered, as the soil
in a vase always bakes, especially if in an iron recep¬
tacle. The soil should be good, and about the middle
of the season a top-dressing is often an advantage.
Some taller, rather stiff plant must be put in the center,
such as Cordyline indivisa (Dracaena) or Bowstring
hemp; in a sunny place surround this with geraniums
and dusty miller, with Vinca major, Coboea and Mau-
randia (Lophospermum) for trailing vines; nasturti¬
ums if desired. Sweet Alyssum is very pretty around
the edge ; it will fall over and mingle with the vines ;
so will Ivy-leafed geranium. Coboea and Maurandia
are easily raised from seed, and are handsome flower¬
ing vines. For a shaded situation put a small palm
in the center of the vase, and fill with Rex Begonias,
with variegated ivy for trailer. The material suggested
is all such as may be easily obtained.

BEAR BUTTE VALLEY, SOUTH DAKOTA. Fig. 200.

A FARM HOME IN SOUTH DAKOTA. Fig. 201.

472

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

J.une 17,

FARMERS’ CLUB

f Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Treatment of Moss-Covered Field.

P. S. It., St. Mary’s Pa. — I would like
to know about a moss-covered field that has
never been plowed. Would it raise buck¬
wheat? IIow can I get rid of the moss, and
what fertilizer should be used?

Ans. — We should take the moss as evi¬
dence that the field needs lime. When
plowing we should use 20 bushels of
slaked lime well harrowed in. For fer¬
tilizer two parts of ground bone to one
part by weight of muriate of potash may
be used with the lime for buckwheat.

Early Blooming Baldwins.

M. P. G., Kent, N. Y. — We have five acres
of Baldwin orchard set out live years this
Spring. Several of the trees are now in
blossom, one tree having about two dozen
blossoms. Is it possible for a Baldwin to
blossom so young, or do you think the trees
in question are not true to name? If they
are not Baldwins I want to graft as soon as
can be done.

Ans. — Wc have had Baldwins begin to
bloom three years from planting, but this
is very unusual. With us trees in sod and
kept mulched bloom earlier than cultivat¬
ed trees. We should want some better
evidence than this before grafting these
trees. Send samples of the foliage and
wood to the Geneva Experiment Station
for examination.

Nitrate of Soda on Strawberries.

F. IP. Macdonough, A. Y. — How do you put
nitrate of soda on strawberries now so as to
get the benefit this season? Is It any good
to sow good phosphate on?

Ans. — When this letter came, May 24,
it was too late to put nitrate of soda on
matted beds. It might be put on beds
where the plants are in hills by making
small furrows about eight inches from
the plants, and scattering the nitrate there.
On matted beds we would broadcast the
nitrate in April before the plants are
large. We must remember in using nitrate
of soda or other fertilizers on strawber¬
ries that the fruit buds were formed last
Fall. The use of fertilizers in the Spring
will not increase the number of fruit, but
may make larger fruit or more vigorous
plants. It is much better policy to fer¬
tilize the strawberry when the plants are
set out, and in the Fall when they make
runners.

Pecan Questions; Basket Apple.

II. S. M., Canton, III. — 1. Do some pecan
trees never bloom or bear nuts? I have some
obtained from a nursery In New Jersey 16
years ago. These trees were listed as Texas
softshell. They were said to bear at eight
years of age; were small when planted, mail¬
ing size. They are now 16 to 18 feet high,
four to five inches in diameter, and have never
shown any sign of bloom. I suppose these
trees were seedlings, as 1 don't think graft¬
ing the pecan had been thought of at that
time. I am 15 miles distant from the wild
pecan belt, the Illinois River bottom, where
the native trees grow by the tens of thou¬
sands, but do not bear young. These trees
bear a crop on an average of once in about
five years, when they are old enough. The
nuts are small, dark in color, and of good
flavor. 2. Is there an apple called the
Basket? At a local fruit show here not
long since there were on exhibition specimens
of an apple measuring 25 inches in circum¬
ference, labeled as above. These were iden¬
tical with an apple grown here 40 to 50
years ago, known as Pennock. Its quality
was poor and is not now planted much. 3.

I have some young apple trees just beginning
to bear, bought in Illinois. Some were to be
Ben Davis, but none of the lot was of that
variety. One is a large yellow apple, the
shape of Maiden Blush; season, September;
poor in quality. Another is large to very
large, the color of Willowtwig; very high in
quality ; season. October. The latter tree has
a very thick, corky leaf. Could you name
these from description?

Ans. — 1. Seedling pecan trees rarely
bear before they are 10 or 15 years old, and
some of them n*t before they are 20 or
even older. It is all wrong to sell seed¬
ling pecan trees with the promise held out
that they will bear at eight years old, and
I would not have them at any price, un¬

less I could not get grafted or budded
trees, or did not intend to bud or graft
them. Illinois is rather far north to grow
the really choice varieties of the pecan,
but some of the earliest kinds, if hardy
enough, may succeed there very well. Ef¬
forts are being made to find and select
some of the northern varieties that are of
superior quality, and propagate them by
grafting, but as yet none of consequence
has been found. Some such seedlings
may be grown and sent out in time to
come. All pecans are of good flavor, and
most of them are of choice quality, com¬
pared with other nuts. 2. Basket is a
synonym of the Pennock apple, but it is
very rarely used. This variety was once
quite popular as a market apple, but its
poor quality has caused it to be aban¬
doned. 3. There are so many varieties of
the apple to which the description given
might apply that it is impossible for me
to name the kinds in question. If I could
see the specimens of the fruit 1 might
do so. Specimens should be sent next
Fall to the Division of Pomology, of the
Department of Agriculture ; they may be
identified by the experts there. Boxes
and franks for transmission will be sent
upon application. H. E. van deman.

Telephone Night of Way.

We are building a local telephone line
here, and in some places it will have to be
built along roads on which there are lines
already built, the poles standing about 15
feet from the fence. I am told that we
should get a right of way so the old lines
cannot Interfere with us. If we place our
poles In the line of the road fences can they
Interfere with our line? What is the law
regarding crossing other lines and railways?
What steps should be taken to obtain the
right to place poles past a farm owned by
one who objects to the line being built there?

New York. central.

Under the transportation corporations
law seven or more persons may organize
a corporation for the purpose of con¬
structing, owning and operating telephone
lines within this State. Such a corpora¬
tion may construct and maintain its lines
over any of the public roads, streets or
highways of the State, and also over pri¬
vate lands, subject, however, to the right
of the owners to full compensation. Under
these provisions Central and his associates
may make use of the highway in question
without regard to the fact that there is
another line already in use. They may
run the line along the highway past any
farm or other property whether the own¬
ers object or not, and may cross other
lines and railways, in a way not to in¬
terfere with existing rights, and sub¬
ject, of course, to such, reasonable rules
and regulations as to the placing of the
lines that may be made by the municipal
authorities of the district.

Opening an Obstructed Ditch.

Tnere Is a pond on my farm which is
caused by the running of water from a
neighbor’s farm, and because the one lower
down will not ditch a disagreeable pond of
stagnant water stands all Summer. As it is
good land, it is both a nuisance and a loss.
Are the ditching laws of the State of New
York such that I can compel the neighbor
lower down to open up his drain, or can I
do it myself if he refuses, and make him
pay for it? e.

New York.

By Chapter 433 of the laws of New
York, for 1904, it is provided that, if
any person through whose lands regu¬
lar constructed ditches now run, fails
to keep the same open through his lands,
after a request in writing served on him
for a period of 10 days, then any person
whose lands are damaged by such failure
may apply to the fence viewers of the
town, in which such ditches run, to open
the ditch, and on failure so to do, pro¬
ceedings may be taken, as provided in the
act, to cause the ditch to be opened. The
person complained of has the right to
appoint a fence viewer on his part, who
with a fence viewer appointed by the
person complaining shall assess the dam¬
ages for closing the ditch. If the party
complained of does not exercise this right
the act provides for appointing the fence
viewers without regard to his wishes.
The expense of the fence viewers and the
charges for closing the ditches shall, it

is provided, be a charge and lien against
the premises through which the ditches
run. While this law fully meets the case
submitted, its constitutionality is extreme¬
ly doubtful. This act is to take the prop¬
erty of one person to benefit the private
property of another. Chapter 384 of the
laws of 1895 provide a system for drain¬
ing agricultural lands. A person desir¬
ing to take advantage of the act can
petition the court for this appointment of
commissioners to proceed to determine
the necessity for the drainage, and upon
deciding in its favor, to cause the w’ork
to be done, open the ditches in the lands
of other owners, and assess the damages
and expenses between the various land
owners. The commissioners were also
empowered to determine the benefits ac¬
cruing to the lands so drained, even
though against the will of the owner.
This act was declared to be unconsti¬
tutional in Matter of Tuthill, 163 N. Y.
133, upon the ground that it in effect
authorized the taking by one person of
another’s land for purely private pur¬
poses, and was, therefore, in violation of
both State and the Federal Constitution.
The act of 1904 above referred to seems
to us to come within the terms of the
decision in Matter of Tuthill, and to be
equally objectionable upon constitutional
grounds to the case there presented. The
law, however, remains upon the statute
books, and can undoubtedly be taken ad¬
vantage of until this point is raised.

Illinois Fruits. — We had a very fine
warm March here, and some of the Japan
plums were in bloom about April 4, when a
cold wave, with the mercury at 27 degrees,
came along and pinched some of the pre¬
cocious blossoms. Gooseberries were cut out,
and the early blooming fruits generally much
thinned, Kieffer pears, etc. But I never saw
apples in better shape, and I have noted date
of bloom on nearly a thousand varieties. I
hope, if the curcullo will be decent about it,
to be able to give you some notes during
Summer, Fall and Winter on some of the
new and little known varieties.

Central Illinois. bexj. buckman.

Steamed Apples Esteemed. — The Apple
Consumers’ League makes me want to tell
your readers how much better an apple is
when steamed than when baked. I tired of
baked apples last October but when my daugh¬
ter began to serve them for breakfast, fresh
steamed in 10 minutes, they were so much
better than baked that I have eaten from one
to three every morning since, and often two
to three before retiring for the night (when

One horse equals two on other presses. Leads In speed,
clean work and right working. Self Feed, Large Feed
Opening, Modern. Many styles horse and power presses.

ELI

99

HAY PRESS.

Collin* Plow Co., 1 1 1 1 Hampshire St., Quincy, III.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low Bteel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to fitany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO.. Box 70 F Quincy, III.

ELECTRIC
Metal Wheels

will give you a new wagon and a
lifetime’s service out of your old
running gears. They are the
modem great service wheel.
Made to III any wagon, adapted
to every duty. Straight or stag
gered oval steel spokes, broad
tired, any height desired. You
will be through with repairs and save money, fields
and labor of horse and man. Write at once for our
catalogue. It’s free for the asking.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.,

, BOX 88 Qulnoy, Illinois.

GREATLY IMPROVED FOR 1905.

Especially designed for handling Bor¬
deaux and other heavy mixtures
used in spraying for blight.

HIGH-PRESSURE PUMP

Brass-lined Cylinder,
Brass-ball Valves.

Syphon agitator constantly in motion in¬
sures an even solution of mixtures and
prevents clogging of screen.

Bug* Destroyed A Blight & Rot Prevented.

Fifty-eight tests conducted by the New
York agricultural department in 1904 show¬
ed an average increased yield of 58 bushels
per acre on sprayed fields as compared
with unsprayed. Wo are the only concern
In the world making a complete line of
potato machinery consisting of Cuttors,
Planter*, Sprayor*, Diggers and Sorter*.
Write for our free Catalogue.

Asplnwall Manufacturing Co.,

67 Sabin St,, Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.

I could find any loft over from breakfast),
and last night I found and ate five, with
plenty of cream, which made them “fit for a

CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS $1 per

1.000. CRIMSON CLOVER SEED, $4 a bushel. List
free. SLAYMAKER & SON. Dover, Delaware.

king.” Now, some one will say, how are they
steamed? After the core is punched out and
the opening filled with sugar, they are barely
covered with water in an earthen dish or
porcelain-lined vessel, covered in some way to

FOR SALE

—CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5.50

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

Milford. Delaware.

keep in the steam as much as possible and
boiled as violently as the fire will permit for
about 10 minutes for small, and possibly 15
minutes for large apples. Baldwins prepared
in this way are beautiful, as well as delicious,
and I expect to eat them until strawberries
come. Meat has no charms for me at break¬
fast time when I can get fruit.

New York. a. c. worth.

Propagating Currants.- — In the Spring of
1902 I had a little piece of ground, between
two rows of trees, where I had berries
the year before. I hoed up the straw¬
berry vines, raked them up and plowed
the ground to get it ready as early
In the Spring as I could, before the ground
had really settled. I drew a line where I
wanted the rows, the rows five feet apart,
the bushes four feet apart. I then cut from
thrifty Red Cross bushes as long year-old
shoots as I could, from 14 to 18 inches in
length. They were cut with a long slanting
cut so as to be as easy as possible to stick
Into the ground. Then I stuck one cutting
into each place where I wanted a bush, and
as far down into the ground as I could, from
eight, to 14 inches. After tills. I put my
feet on each side of the cutting and pressed
the dirt down hard. There were 34 cuttings
and every one lived. Just as soon ns the
ground settled I put on coating of manure
plowed in with a hand garden plow, and
planted one row of potatoes between the rows
of bushes. In the Spring of 1903, I put on
a good coat of potato fertilizer plowed in.
and planted dwarf peas between the rows.
The bushes had grown well, had from three
to five branches, from 18 inches to two feet
long. The crop of currants that year was
30 quarts. In the Spring of 1904, I sowed
on a heavy coat of fertilizer, worked in with
a garden n]ow, and the crop was over 70
quarts. I think I have saved over two years’
time In setting the cuttings where I wanted,
in getting the bushes to bear.

Deep River, Conn. c. p. k.

CELERY and CABBAGE PLANTS

FOK SALE— Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, t. o. b. here. Write for prices.
Cash witli order. Plants ready about June 15.
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

D Q A I E? 200 bu. Whip-poor-will;
■ I V AA, La E* 100 bu. Clay Cow Peas;

100 bu. Soja Beans; 20 bu. Stowell’s Evergreen
Sweet Corn; 3 bu. King of the Garden Lima Beans;
4 bu. Henderson's Dwarf Lima; Quality Very Fine.
Prices right. Address, W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections In America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurserleo*
Drawer 1044— I , Rochester, N.Y*

Established

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

CRIMSON CLOVER

price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
able also for early green food,
grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

HENRY A. DKEER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

TREES

$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

473

QUESTIONS FROM TENNESSEE.

A. B. K., Jackson, Tenn. — In making a
plant or vegetable house of glass on one side
and prepared cloth on the other, on which
side would you use glass? Do you think
such a house would be a success In this
latitude? What plants do well here with
partial shade? I thought of planting celery
and corn in rows beside it — the rows to run
north and south. How do you think celery
would succeed In that way?

If I wanted to build a plant house
partly covered with prepared cloth, I
would build what is called a three-quarter
house running east and west. On the
south side use the glass, two 3 by 6-feet
sash high, the lower sash resting on
frame 12 inches from the ground, the
upper sash fixed so that it could be used
as ventilator, and on north side would
use the cloth, extending down eight feet.
This, with the walk dug out, and the
plant bed about the level of outside
ground, makes a good house. As to
planting corn and celery in alternate
rows, I don’t see where the gain is. If
A. S. Iv. intends to earth up his celery, he
will need as much space for his celery
row as for his corn. The shade of the
corn, I think, will neither benefit nor in¬
jure his celery. I prefer each in separate
field. w. G.

Wilmington, N. C.

We have no experience with prepared
cloth houses, but have used cloth as a
cover for cold frames in which to winter
early cabbage plants. With the addition
of tight board covers in the coldest wea¬
ther it answered this purpose well. I am
of the opinion, however, that a house of
prepared cloth and glass would be far less
satisfactory in Tennessee than in the lati¬
tude of Vicksburg and Montgomery.
While our mean climate would indicate
the success of such a covering, we have
extremes occasionally that would result
disastrously. Early celery succeeds well
throughout the State where a water sup¬
ply is assured, and where plenty of well-
rotted manure can be supplied. I have
found no unusual methods necessary.

Tennessee Station, ciiarles a. keffer.

The shipping facilities, markets and
climate of Tennessee are unknown to me,
and consequently cannot advise as to
crops. Prepared cloth is not a success,
three-yard sheeting being preferable in
all cases as a covering for cold frames.
The combination of glass and cloth is
not advisable, as after going to the ex¬
pense of glass safety demands strong and
durable support, and crops under glass
should not be endangered by flimsy ad¬
juncts liable to be destroyed by the first
heavy storm. I should not consider cel¬
ery a crop for glass, but the plan as
outlined in the inquiry is worth a trial.

North Carolina. w. H. B.

A COVER CROP IN RASPBERRIES .

One of our readers In Connecticut asked us
to name some crop that can be raised be¬
tween raspberries, after the crop of berries
has been gathered. lie wants this crop to
furnish humus, so that he can get along by
the use of chemical fertilizers alone. He
wants something that will not live over
Winter, and thus prove a nuisance to be got
rid of by plowing. Crimson clover would
not answer In this case.

Crimson clover is just the ideal crop for
this purpose ; nothing else so good, and I
cannot understand why you say it would
not answer in this case. Oats and turnips
would be next best I think, j. H. hale.

R. N.-Y. — He does not want a crop that
lives over Winter.

I have not been obliged to experiment
in such a case, but would suggest oats or
buckwheat. I have used oats on straw¬
berries for mulch when other material
could not be had. Any material that will
decay so fast as to leave nothing to plow
or cultivate under in the Spring will not
supply the humus needed. I would sug¬
gest after using the fertilizer that he
mulch heavily, and when partly decayed
cultivate in. c. knapp.

Illinois.

In a general way we are looking for a
solution of the same question ; the best
way to furnish humus to the soil. Possi¬

bly cow peas might be as good as any¬
thing, although valuable time is lost to
the growth of the cow pea in waiting for
the gathering of the berry crop before
planting the seed. I should prefer to try
on a small scale, unless one was satisfied
that even the past growth and develop¬
ment obtained was as well as one could
do with anything else. The past two
years we have planted cow peas for the
purpose named. The first year they were
a total failure, not enough warm weather
for them. Last year they were a great
success, getting a growth nearly waist
high, and heavy. Planted in June, growth
was made till killing frosts towards Oc¬
tober 1. The roots of these cow peas
were a mass of nodules, which are pre¬
sumed to mean an addition of large quan¬
tities of nitrogen to the soil. Some of
these cow peas were plowed under about
October 1; the remainder are now on the
soil surface. Possibly the inquirer might
sow Cow-horn turnips to advantage — if
.soil is already fairly fertile, allowing same
to lie on the ground and decay. Last
season as an experiment we sowed, in ad¬
dition to the cow pea ground, several
acres with a mixture of Cow-horn turnip
seed, Crimson clover and Red clover, ex¬
pecting the turnips would afford protec¬
tion to the young clover plants through
the Winter. We got a great growth of
turnips, which were mostly left on the
ground. j. norris barnes.

New Haven Co., Conn.

I do not see why corn, or oats, sown
broadcast, would not be a good cover ; or
yet better the White Egg or other turnips,
if the crop was allowed to remain and
decay on the ground. Beans, which per¬
ish with the first frost, would have less
value as a protection than peas, which
hold their leaves longer. I had occasion
years ago to note that where 50 bushels
of turnips (ruta baga) were spread rather
too thickly on some good soil in Ver¬
mont, the succeeding wheat crops
lodged, and so did the two crops of grass
which followed them, showing high fer¬
tilizing qualities, both immediate and last¬
ing. J. W. ADAMS.

Massachusetts.

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.

Ditch Causing Overflow.

I own eight acres of rich muck land
which has been too wet for the last three
years to produce any crop by reason of own¬
ers of land adjoihing and below not keeping
outlet or main ditch open as they used to do.
The land never used to overflow as long as
ditch was taken care of. I would like to
know If I can compel the owners of the
land through which the ditch runs, which will
be benefited by it to do their share of the
work in cleaning ditch, or do I have to do
It myself? b. s.

If the owner below B. S. has not been
the active cause of the filling in of the
ditch, we do not see that any duty rests
upon him to keep it open for the benefit
of B. S. He would have no right to fill
in the ditch or obstruct it in such a way
as to throw the waters back upon the lands
above, but beyond this it seems that he
is under no obligation to keep the ditch
open for the benefit of the owners of the
land above. In such case the overflow
is caused not by him, but by the process of
nature, for which he is not responsible.

Defective Land Transfer.

A owned a farm of 51 acres; sold six acres
to straighten line 30 years ago. A dies;
wills farm to bis wife. She sells to B five
years ago ; makes a deed for 51 acres, the
original lot of ground, to B, saying nothing
about the six acres sold by her husband. B
sells to C his farm of 51 acres, Ignorant of
the six acres short, making deed as before
from old original deed for 51 acres. C dis¬
covers by tracing lines on original deed that
three and one-half acres were sold to one
party and two and one-half acres to another.
A’s wife made deed for 51 acres when she
knew this land was sold. What can C do by
law, having bought the farm fov 51 acres,
holding deed for land some one else has
fenced in? Also, what can (’ do if the record
does not show these transfers for six acres?
Neither of the parties lias any deed for the
land, but say they can prove the transfer.

G. N. K.

If C received a full covenant and war¬
ranty deed, and the tract conveyed was

six acres short, he could hold the grantor
liable under the covenants contained in the
deed. B, his grantor, could in like man¬
ner hold A responsible under the deed.
If, however, A never gave a deed of the
six acres, it may well be that C is entitled
to take possession of it, inasmuch as it
would be difficult for A’s grantee to estab¬
lish a title to the six acres in question. It
does not appear whether the six acres are
in C’s possession or have been held by A’s
grantee for the 30 years. If the latter is
the case, this grantee may have acquired a
title by adverse possession. The first
thing to ascertain is, whether a deed of
the six acres was ever in fact given by A;
if not, whether the six acres have been
held adversely by the adjoining owner
under the claim of title for 30 years. If
it turns out that C has lost his right to the
six acres either because of a conveyance,
or because a title gained by adverse pos¬
session, then C should seek to hold his
grantor liable for the value of the six
acres under the deed warranting the title
to him.

Impassable Highways.

IIow is the law concerning the supervisor's
duty to keep roads open? If the snowdrifts
are soft, so that it is dangerous to drive;
cannot a traveler tear open the fences and
go through the fields without liability for
trespass? z. a. s.

If the highway becomes impassable, by
reason of snow or otherwise, the traveler
may lawfully enter private property at
the obstructed point in order to pass
around the obstruction. In so doing he is
not guilty of a trespass. He must not,
however, make a greater use of private
property for this purpose than is necessary
to enable him to continue on his way.
But to accomplish this he may lawfully
open fences that bar his way without lia¬
bility on his part.

“Johnnie, what is a grampus?” “That’s
a little cat’s grandmother.” — Pennsylvania
Punch Bowl.

“If a millionaire was to offer you $100,-
000 would you ask him if he made it
honestly?” “No.” Would you question
his morals?” “No.” “What would you
do?” “I’d probably fall in a fit.” — Cleve¬
land Plain Dealer.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adi'.

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silatre and All your
silo In less time, with less power unci with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. Wo guarantee every
machine to bo perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

BALES15 IVay HAY

Our largo feed opening makes it easy for the man
to get in the largest possible charge. Our power-
head, with its 9-ineh trip lever arms utilizes every
pound of tho horse's strength. Our quick rebound¬
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team. How with these and many other points
in tho construction and easy operation of our
Gem and Victor presses wo bale 15, 18 or even
20 tons a day, is fully described in our Hay
Press book. Say Hay Press on a postal with
your address and we'll gladly mail it with no
obligation on -}g years’ experience back of

Lyourpa rt / our machines.

(P-Trte

Quincy, ill.

Positive cure for all hog disease
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

" The ‘Recollection of Quality Remains Long SJfter the Trice is Forgotten. "

Trade Mark Registered.

“Old Friend Tools”

Every man feels a certain pleasure in the use of good
tools. He knows that he can depend upon them to do their
work and do it well. In time a man will become attached
to a good tool as to an old friend, so in sympathy do they
seem to become.

Keen Kutter Tools are the kind of tools that become old
friends. They are the dependable, long-service kind.

There is neither economy or satisfaction in using poor
tools, they are brittle and break easily, or they are soft and
require constant sharpening, and they finally have to be
discarded long before good tools would be worn out.

There is economy and satisfaction in buying Keen Kutter
Tools because every Keen Kutter Tool is the best that Lraius,
money aud skill can produce.

Keen Kutter Tools have been the statulard of America
for 36 years and were awarded the Grand Prize at the St.
Louis Exposition, the only prize of the kind ever given to a
complete line of tools. The name Keen Kutter covers a
complete line of tools so that you may buy any kind of tool
with assurance of absolute satisfaction.

When, for instance, you buy a bit be sure to get one
bearing the Keen Kutter name. Made in all leading pat¬
terns, highest quality of steel, finest finish aud with long
cutting lips, insuring long life.

Some of the other kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are :
Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers,
Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets,
Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks, Corn
Knives, Eye Hoes, Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips,
Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc.,
and knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools, write us and we
will see that you are supplied.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis. U. S. A. 298 Broadway. New York.

474

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 17,

uralisms •

►

fully grown for home adornment in the
Far South and in the Pacific States. Sev¬
eral species of lilac are cultivated, all of
which are natives of Central and Eastern
Asia. All are good, but the common or
garden lilac, Syringa vulgaris, is by far
the most useful as well as ornamental

w

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Local Fruit Prospects. — The end of
May does not reveal flattering prospects
for tree fruits. Peaches and plums had a
tolerable show of bloom, notwithstanding
widespread injuries from cold and San
Jose scale, which was not appreciably
checked hereabouts by any of the insecti¬
cide sprays used last year, but the flow¬
ering period was so disturbed by alter¬
nating frosts, fogs and cold winds that
all chances of a full crop were effectually
destroyed. There is a light set on young
trees and older ones that failed to bear
well last year. The Domestica plums are
in much better condition than the Japans
and the natives best of all. Cherries fared
better, though the weather was generally
too cold during bloom to favor pollina¬
tion by insects. Sweet varieties are fairly
filled ; sour kinds set less freely, but seem
more likely to perfect their fruits. Apple
blooms were irregularly distributed and
generally scanty, except on trees stripped
by early September gales last season.
There is promise of a light crop of Sum¬
mer and early Fall varieties, but the
Winter sorts are not in condition to bear
well after the fine yield last year. Kieffer
pears bloomed at a favorable time, catch¬
ing the best days of the month, and are
fully set. They have been off-crop in this
locality for the last two years, and should
be now in condition to make up for lost
time. European pears start out better
than anticipated, but the trees are so gen¬
erally infested with scale, most notice¬
ably the Bartletts, that only a trifling yield
may be expected. Quinces look well, and
are holding an ample supply of young
fruits.

Small Fruits Better. — The outlook for
small fruits is decidedly more cheerful.
Blackberries and raspberries came through
the Winter better than could be expected,
considering the great injuries inflicted on
plants heretofore regarded as quite hardy,
and are well laden with bloom, but dew¬
berries were killed to the snow line, re¬
gardless of variety. Strawberries received
the advantage of good snow protection
and wintered splendidly. There has been
profuse bloom, and a heavy set of young
berries. The earliest flowers had their
centers blackened by frost, but enough
good buds were left to provide a heavy
crop. 1 he chances have, however, been
lessened by drought, practically no rain
having fallen from the middle of April
until May 28, when the soil was soaked
by a most welcome shower. More will be
needed to carry through the crop, but
good early pickings seem assured at this
writing. Currants and gooseberries are
quite promising, where not troubled with
scale. The Currant worm appeared in
greater force than for several years, but
has been controlled by careful growers.
Grapes start very slowly, owing to cold
weather. The past two cool Summers have
perceptibly diminished the vitality of all
but Isabella, McPike and a few specially
rugged varieties. Juneberries, both tree
and Success, the dwarf kind, are loaded
with fruit and clothed with dense and
healthy foliage. The blooms opened on
favorable days, while the cold, boisterous
weather that followed had little unfavor¬
able effect on these hardy natives.

A Grand New Lilac. — “As hardy as an
oak” loses much of its significance as a
commendatory phrase in view of the sever¬
ities of the past two Winters. Pin oaks,
10 years planted, were killed in Boston
parks, and the Willow-leaved oak cut back
to some extent in Philadelphia. There
are many hardy oaks, a few species grow¬
ing naturally almost to the Arctic Circle,
but there are also many tender ones. The
Live oak of the Gulf States will not en¬
dure Winters north of Charleston, and the
Evergreen or Ilex oak of Europe does not
thrive far from the shores of the Mediter¬
ranean Sea. Most of the California oaks
are tender, or at most half hardy in the
Atlantic States. The garden lilac, how¬
ever, is so thoroughly resistant to Winter
cold in all localities where planted that
it may be taken as a practical standard
of hardiness. In Manitoba the lilac is
one of few ornamental shrubs that can
be relied on to pass through the Winter
without harm, and it is just as success-

member of the genus. From the garden¬
er’s standpoint it has been magnificently
improved in recent years, chiefly by
French growers, and we now have single
and double flowered varieties of great
size and perfection, with a range of color
from white to dark red-purple. There is
a long list of fancy new kinds which have
been largely planted in public parks and
botanic gardens, but few of which are
well known to amateurs. The habit has
been improved as well as the flowers, and
the plants quickly make shapely dwarf
shrubs clothed with bloom, in their sea¬
son, from base to summit. These named
varieties are often grafted on privet
stocks, but grow better and last longer
when worked on seedling lilac roots. It
is said they thrive exceptionally well on
the European ash, Fraxinus excelsior, but
plants on this stock are seldom offered in
this country. Strong grafted plants that
should bloom the year after planting
are offered by first-class nurseries at 50
cents to $1 each, according to scarcity of
variety. For the best results the soil for
these beautiful lilacs should be deeply dug
and well manured before planting. They
transplant easily and grow under almost
any conditions, but it is worth some
trouble to grow perfect specimens. They
are best planted six or seven feet apart
to have room for full development, and
should then remain in enjoyable condi¬
tion for a lifetime. Not all the new kinds
are equally attractive; some have good
colors, but the panicles of bloom are stiff
and stodgy in form, and the florets, espe¬
cially of the double ones, hard and awk¬
ward in form. Others are free and grace¬
ful in outline and harmonious in color
and poise as they develop on the plant.
Fig. 197, first page, shows the bloom truss
much reduced in size of Michael Buchner,
one of the less known of the newer vari¬
eties. 1 he plant is very dwarf and blooms
early. The panicle is very large and often
composed of four masses instead of two,
as shown in the cut ; the flowers are
double, pale lilac in color, and very fra¬
grant. It is a distinct and meritorious
variety, the blossoms being particularly
lasting. Our plant was received five years
ago from Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester,
N. Y. ; is now five feet high, and has
bloomed four seasons, carrying dozens of
these massive panicles at the same time.

Some Good Varieties. — Well-tested
varieties of the highest merit are Marie
Legraye, single white, and Charles X., red
ish purple, single, both extensively used
for forcing under glass; President Grevy,
light bluish purple, very large and double;
Madame Lemoine, splendid double white;
Ludwig Spaeth, large, single, dark red,
the finest of its color; Michael Buchner,
described above, and Frau Dammann, sin¬
gle white, dwarf and very profuse in
bloom. There are many other good ones,
but the above, if well grown, make a col¬
lection in which any amateur may well
take pride. _ w. v. F.

Lime the Tree. — “The troubles of a New
Hampshire man,” as stated on page 341, have
enlisted my interest to the extent of a sim¬
ple suggestion for their removal. In the first
place, don’t cut that tree. A tree only 30
years old, and still capable of growing a full
crop of fruit to nearly its full size, ought
to survive another quarter century of use¬
fulness. If of the Flemish Beautv variety,
its age indicates that in respect to frult-
bearing it has not passed its prime. So in¬
stead of cutting down a tree that is suffering
from a deficient soil, apply a liberal dressing
of slaked lime, say one peck, upon the sur¬
face, and confidently await an entirely favor¬
able result. Some other kinds of pears are
similarly affected, but the same treatment is
a specific for all. p. p. c.

Hartford, Conn.

Testing Cotton-Seed Meal. — tEvery year
some one asks how inferior cotton-seed meal
can be detected. The following test recent¬
ly printed in a bulletin from the Maine
Experiment Station originally appeared in
The R. N.-Y., written by Prof. E. B. Voor-
hees : “A first-class cotton-seed meal should
contain over 40 per cent protein and about
9 per cent fat. It should be a light yellow
color. If it is dark in color with many fine
black specks, it indicates that ground hulls
have been added. If it is a rusty brown
color, it indicates that the meal is oid or the
material has at some time undergone fermen¬
tation. Such meals are not safe to use.
The texture of the meal should be about the
same as finely ground cornmeal, and it
should be practically free from cotton lint.
The presence and amount of lint can be de¬
termined by sifting a portion in a flour or
meal sieve. The cotton fiber will remain in
the sieve. The lint and hulls are also quite
easily detected by stirring the meal up with
water. Put one teaspoonful in half a glass

of water, mix thoroughly and allow the mix¬
ture to stand a few minutes to settle. The
black hulls will be found on the bottom and
can be seen through the glass. The good
meal will be in the next layer and the lint
on top. A first-class meal should show only
a few black hulls and scarcely any lint.”

Bathroom Problems. — 4 must praise you
for your effort to collect and disseminate in¬
formation concerning the construction of
bathrooms in dwellings. In my section where
we have some Winters nearly six months of
snow, with the mercury at 40 or more below
zero, some mornings, with houses heated only
by stoves and wood for fuel, the greatest prob¬
lem connected with bathroom construction is
the heating of the room. p. e. l.

Penobscot Co., Me.

Just as They Are

The cut shows them— catalog I- 103 tells
all about them. Notice the low supply
can, bottom feed, wholly enclosed gears,
absence of oil cups or holes. No other
separator has those advantages.

Thi Sharpies Co. P. M. ShirpUt

Chicago, 111, Wait Chester. Pa.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

WICH-

SELF

FEED

Two
Horse

The Baler for speed. Bales 12 to 18 tons a day.
Has 40 inch feed hole. Adapted to bank barn
work. Stands up to its work— no digging holes
for wheels. ' Self-feed Attachment increases
capacity, lessens labor, makes better bales and
does not increase draft. Send for catalogue.'

Sandwich Mfg. Co., 157 Main St., Sandwich, Ills.

No doubt about
Pratts Animal Regulator.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

CUTTERS

AND SHREDDEH8

FOR EN8ILAGC & DRY
FODDER. Also Latest
Improvements in.Car-

rierr. HARDER MFG. CO,, Boi 11, Coblttklll. N. V.

WITH THE

EMPIRE KING.

The only hand pump having a me-
,, chanical automatic agitator with a

I brush for keeping the suction strainer

II clean. Also the Garfield Knapsack and
Orchard Monarch. Can furnish the New
Process Lime, which requires no slack¬
ing or • training. Valuabl* book fro«. No
“dwindled feeling” I f you use our pumpa.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO..

8 I Ith St., Elmira, N.Y.

“Lightning” White-

Wash Sprayer No, 28

White-wash your poultry-houses and stables.
Kills lice and vei min. Kasy to operate. Sprays
white-wash rapidly. Impossible to clog. Also
for spraying trees, washing wagons, etc.
Double action pump, will spray 30 ft. high,
has a 1-2 feet heavy hose, extension-rod, brass
nozzles, steel stirrup, ball valves. All brass
pump, $3.60 , Galvanized Iron, $2.60. Cash
with order. Express prepaid. Agents wanted.

1J. B. Smith & Co., Utica, N.Y.

Hubbard’s “Black Diamond” Fertilizers

All Brands ready for immediate shipment. Our book “HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS

FOR 1905” sent free to any address.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY, Fertilizer Manufacturers - Middletown, Conn.

1905.

475

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

I Told You So. — If I were an artist and
were given tlie job of painting a picture of
Hope Farm life I should at this time sketch
the following : A somewhat portly man sits
in a chair with his left foot, well bandaged,
raised on a stool. There is an air of patient
resignation about this man, such as ought to
hover about one who regrets his condition and
still knows that he is largely responsible for
it. A lady who is evidently capable of ex¬
pressing her opinion when necessary hovers
about solicitous for the foot, and yet con¬
vinced that the limping moral which it tele¬
graphs to the brain should he well committed
to memory. The little girls stand looking at
Father, and if deep and unadulterated sym¬
pathy would cure the ankle it would be im¬
possible ever to turn it again. The little
boy stops as he comes in with the wood to
ask how the foot is, and to wonder whether
any of the Japanese were as badly wounded
in the great sea fight. The sky Is clear and
the wind is blowing. It is hard for a man
to he anchored by a lame ankle while there
is so much to be done at double-quick time.
This idea becomes more of a burden when
Mother brings a tray of washed dishes for me
to wipe. The little girl follows to ask if I
won’t help her peel the potatoes ! Mother
has written a letter to a friend and leaves
It on the table so that I can easily read
. . . “it was doing well when he put lini¬

ment on it and blistered it and would not he
quiet. Now it is dreadful ! Next time he
will take his wife’s advice. Live and learn !’’

This is interesting reading for one driven
from congenial into menial occupations. Still
the pen is less disturbing than the tongue !
The barb on the pen is the fact that Mother
is entirely right. If, when I turned that
ankle ever, I had done as she told me to the
chances are that I would be able to execute
a clog dance to-day. When a man is forced
into menial occupations by his own folly he
should not kick, especially with his sore
foot, but go to work and make himself worthy
and able to get away from the menial things.
Yes, and do those things well, too. So
Mother doesn't get me into an argument, and
I get those dishes dry, and I'll guarantee
those potatoes were properly done. I can
cheerfully say that I do not know of any more
Impossible task than that of rising above dish¬
washing by the mere fact of good service.
When people find a dishwasher who really
leaves clean dishes he is such a rare bird that
they try to keep him caged in his job ! The
boy comes and asks questions about the war.
One little girl cooks custard, and the other
makes cookies, and Mother thinks we had bet¬
ter go to ride ! My judgment is that swear¬
ing and growling makes poor liniment for a
wound.

Farm Notes. — We began transplanting
onions June 1. This Is later than we like,
but everything has been backward this year.
The cold winds started the trouble ; then
came the long drought. However, we shall
have onions as large as a baby’s head yet.
Most of our crop was sown outside this year.
One lot was put on a spot where a big ma¬
nure pile stood last year. These plants have
grown well, and while not so large as those
from the hotbed are very promising. To show
what people think of these big onions I will
say that last year’s customers are already or¬
dering for next season. . . . We had just

the right weather for spraying. A wind
drove the spray through the trees so that, ap¬
parently every part was well covered. Then
we had several days of dry cool winds. The
poison and the copper had plenty of chance
to settle and stick. I must admit that it re¬
quires some faith for a man to believe that
the small amount of I'aris-green we put in a
tankful of water can possibly keep the worms
in check. It seems Incredible to those who
do not know the habits of the worm, or realize
how many million deadly particles there are
in an ounce of Paris-green. After all, the most
successful people I know are those with the
truest faith. There Is great difference be¬
tween faith and “cheek.” ... A tank
for holding water is convenient, but like other
conveniences it becomes a nuisance unless
watched carefully. Some years ago, when I
spoke of building a tank instead of running
wafer from the spring, a man who evidently
knew, wrote : “Wait till the boys forget and
leave the cover off that barn tank.” Well,
we waited, anu the time came; at least part
of the cover got off. Whew !

“It’s a wonder we didn’t all have fever,”
said Mother. When we came to clean the
tank we found that we had no good place to
let the foul water out at the lowest point
of the pipe. That tank is now as clean as
washing powder and scrubbing can make it,
but there Is a settled rule against drinking
tank water. The pure article right out of the
well is good enough for us. If any reader is
situated so as to pipe water direct from a
spring my advice is to do it, and let tanks
for drinking water alone. . . . The great¬

est barn nuisance we have found is a flock
of pigeons. The original birds came from a
neighbor’s and built nests in our barn. They
have increased, in spite of our dozen cats,
about as fast as the squab men say they

should. They foul the hay and do far more
injury to the crops than a flock of crows
would. I never knew before why squab grow¬
ers all advise peas as food for pigeons. I
know now when I see long rows of peas dug
up or destroyed by these birds ! The nui¬
sance became so great that we had to get rid
of the birds. Philip is an ex-soldier in the
Norwegian army, and I got an air gun. It
was guaranteed to drive a buckshot into a
plank. Philip hit one bird on the back of
the head. All he did was to shake his head,
and the shot rolled down. Then I got a small
rifle and cartridges, and this settled the busi¬
ness. Philip can put a bullet into a pigeon
at a good distance, and the rest of the flock
soon get over their taste for peas and fly off
to some place where there are no old sol¬
diers! I am all over my desire to keep
squabs. . . . Philip and Lars are dis¬
cussing the prospects of war between Norway
and Sweden. I can't make out why there
should be any fighting; still I know that you
can’t understand the national spirit of a man
from a foreign country. For example, I pre¬
sume that Philip and Lars cannot understand
what our Decoration Day means to old sol¬
diers or their children. In “The Making of
an American” Jacob A. Itiis, who came from
Denmark, tells how he tried to get back to
France to tight against Germany, because the
latter country had whipped Denmark ! I
don’t think Philip and Lars take much stock
in that spirit. Our pigeons would evidently
rather not march in the Swedish army if
Philip were to carry his rifle back with him.

For several days the clouds gathered
without squeezing out a drop of rain. Then
the wind chased the clouds away and we
gave up hope for a shower, when suddenly,
without warning, a gentle rain began to fall.
What a blessing it was. The brown patches
on the lawn and in the meadows waved the
green flag, the potatoes that were planted in
the dust jumped up. the peach trees that were
meditating a “June drop” postponed it —
everything took a long, glorious drink and
started in afresh. While the clover has been
shortened a little by the drought everything
else looks well. . . . The Japanese millet

celebrated Togo’s victory by getting out of
the ground. After lying 14 days where we
seeded it the millet came out with a rush. We
expect a good crop of fodder from this and a
good place to seed Alfalfa.

Mulch and Borers. — I have heard the
criticism made in the following note before,
and I would like to have the point discussed :

“I would like to suggest to H. W. C., who
speaks in Hope r arm Notes of mulching his
young fruit trees, that any kind of mulch
around a young apple or peach tree Is an
ideal harbor for the beetle that lays the egg
of the borer. We prefer to pac!$. a small
mound of clay or sand around the stalk,
and scarcely ever have any trouble with
borers. In a few cases where these pests had
found a lodgement we have saved the trees
by packing a pretty large bank of clean sand
around them, in one Instance a cartload ex¬
tending eight inches up the trunk ; the tree
is now a thrifty bearer." w. t. s.

Pennsylvania.

The eggs from which the Peach borer hatch
are laid by a moth or flying insect, which ap¬
pears to put the egg just at the surface of the
ground. It has been my observation that
when I have had a good mulch around the
base of the peach tree thl° moth does not
get to the ground, but lays the egg, if at all,
higher up on the trunk, where the borer Is
less likely to do damage. T do not pretend to
be a trained entomologist, but if would seem
from my experience that the mulch is more of
a preventive than a help to borers. I would
like the experience of others concerning this.

I am not speaking of flie Apple borer, which
has not troubled us much as yet. A mound i
of clay or coal ashes around the tree is ex¬
cellent. It has been so successful with us
that we now save all our coal ashes carefully
and use them around young trees. I am get¬
ting a little shy of some untested advice.
For example, I have been told that peach
trees forced Into young and fresh growth late
in the Summer and Fall would be killed dur¬
ing the Winter. I have a small peach or¬
chard near the house. Slops from the house
alone or with wood ashes were used around
these trees all last Summer and Fall. They
never stopped growing, and snow found green
leaves on them. Yet they came through the
Winter in fine condition, and are now making
better growth than anything else on the
place. Of course I do not pretend to say that
this is the best way to winter trees.

Milk Fever. — There was joy among the
younger Hope Farmers when we found #a little
yellow calf In Genevieve’s stall. It was a lit¬
tle thing, but with all the earmarks and color
of a coming cow. Older readers will remem¬
ber Julia, the kicking cow. Genevieve is her
daughter. She has turned some of her moth¬
er’s evil qualities into good ones, and added
them to those she inherited. She was too
fat. and I was afraid of milk fever, but she
seemed to recover well, but the disease came
upon her suddenly. One morning we found
the poor cow stretched out flat on the floor
with her head thrown back as (hough she were
dead. It was a pitiful thing to see the little
calf standing by its sick mother hungry and
not knowing what to do. The thing to do
with a cow In that position is to get her head
up away from the ground and make her lie
on her chest. She must not be permitted to
put her head down low. The next thing, un¬
less you know exactly what is needed, is to
get hold of some one who does. I knew about
this treatment of forcing air into the udder,
but I preferred to experiment on a cheaper
cow than Genevieve. So Jack took Nellie
and made a good record in a race to call the
veterinarian. The vet made a live.lier race
back, and brought a small tank of oxygen.
Those who delight in dosing an animal would
be disappointed in his treatment. The poor
thing lay like one dead.

“If you don’t do another thing to-day,”
said the vet. “keep that cow’s head up from
the floor. If you have to tie it up do so ;
roll barrels against her to keep her on her
brisket, but do not let her head go down.”

We had a small rubber tube with a metal
milking tube at the end connected with his
tank of gas. After forcing all the milk out
he sterilized the udder and then inflated it.
This was done by pushing the tube up each
teat in succession and letting in the gas until
the udder was blown out. Then cloths were
tied around each teat to hold the gas in and
kept there two or three hours. He gave no
medicines. It seemed to me that the cow
could not recover — she lay in such a stupor
that one could touch her eye without causing
her even to wink. To my surprise she began
to rally, turned over and finally, after 12
hours, got on her feet. The udder was In¬
flated again at night, and a little water was

given her. She was still better the next
morning, but there was a dangerous noise in
her lungs which may mean pneumonia. She
probably had her head down flat during the
night before we found her, and that is what
did the damage. As I write I cannot say
what the outcome will be, but I will repeat
the advice which I believe to be good — in
case of milk fever do not let a cow put her
head on the ground. Keep it up in some way'
Do not: drug the cow, but get some one who
knows how to inflate the udder.

“You do not need to tell me this is a good
cow,” said Dr. Hopper. “None but a fine
animal would have such a disease as this.”

It; Is no consolation to poor Genevieve lying
there with labored breathing while her baby
bawls from a box stall to feel that she has
both pedigree and performance. Better be
the poorest scrub in*the barn at such an hour
than pay the penalty of greatness.

it. w. c.

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476

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 17,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Da. Walter Van Fleet, i .

Mas. K. T. Kovle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 % marks, or 10 francs.

“ A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement In this paper Is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising In our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made In money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JUNE 17, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

The United States Supreme Court decided the fam¬
ous colored oleo cases against the oleo makers. The
vital question w.as whether palm oil could be used so
as to give a yellow tint to oleo. Not satisfied with
this decision the oleo makers asked for a rehearing
and made a long argument to show why the case
should be reopened. 1 he court has denied the motion
so that the decision must stand. It will be interesting
to see what the oleo men will try next.

*

Sometimes a man rents a farm or a small place with a
garden. He refuses to plant small fruits or asparagus,
or plant fruit trees, because he says some one else will
get the benefit of such planting. We have known men
to defer planting year after year for this reason, their
families going without fruit and vegetables meanwhile.
It seems like a very small thing to deprive the family
of a luxury for fear that we may leave a blessing behind
us when we move away. Does anyone really desire to
leave a curse in his tracks? That is about what we do
when we leave a farm or garden without fruit. There
are few pleasanter things than the chance to go back
to some home of former years and see the trees we
planted grown to usefulness.

*

Ten years ago nearly every back yard in a suburban
town of 10,000 population contained a few trees each
of apple, pear, peach and plum. The trees were gener¬
ally thrifty and gave the family nearly 50 per cent
of its fruit supply. Now at least 9 out of 10 of those
trees are dead — killed by the San Jose scale, and all
the fruit used by the family must be bought. These
trees developed the family taste for fruit, but are now
out of business forever. The same thing is true to a
greater or less extent in every large town at the East.
People are demanding more good fruit, but find them¬
selves unable to grow it at home. This is one way in
which the San Jose scale is making a market for fruit
growers who can control the insect in their orchards.

*

A traveling “eye doctor” has been going through
some nearby suburbs recently reaping an abundant
harvest from the ignorance and credulity he encounters.
He talks delightfully of the many troubles caused by
defective vision, persuades his listener to submit to
a test, free of charge, and then, of course, discovers
immediate need for eyeglasses, which he supplies at a
good price. People who would never think of handing
over a watch or a bicycle to some wandering mechanic
for the simplest repairs are quite willing to entrust
their eyesight, most precious of senses, to such a char¬
latan. Let the wandering eye doctor alone ; better spend
a few dollars with a competent authority, if need be,
and avoid the risk of injury which can never be
repaired.

*

The Fourth of July will soon be with us again, and
we may prepare for the usual list of accidents affecting
person and property that follow its celebration. Last
year the papers gave a list of 52 deaths and more than
3,000 persons injured by fireworks on Independence

Day, a longer list of casualties than the Japanese report
in their recent great sea fight. The fire loss to property
was something over $300,000, according to various
authorities. The R. N.-Y. hopes it will not be ac¬
cused of lack of patriotism in suggesting that there are
worthier ways in which to show love of country than
in maiming oneself or one’s neighbors, nor is “the spirit
of ’7G” displayed in the recklessness that burns down
a barn. We have already plenty of laws governing the
storage and use of explosives; we now need an en¬
lightened public spirit that will redeem such laws
from the dead-letter class.

*

The development of rough land orcharding near Wal¬
lingford, Conn., has been going on quietly for some
years. We have heard “experts” who were accepted
as teachers say that success with such methods is quite
impossible. Yet here are bearing orchards which pro¬
duce the finest fruit. It dotmii’t pay any man to lay
down cast iron rules and say that nothing else will
answer ! At the same time no one can say that this
rough system of planting and culture can be advised
for general use. It is the best system for that sort
of land. The wise man adapts his plan to his farm,
for it is easier to change the plan than it is to change
the farm. To us it seems clear that this rough culture
points the way to a great change in American fruit
growing. Thousands of acres have been standing idle —
resting and gathering new strength. The last genera¬
tion believed it best to let them go back to the forest.
The new generation will make the forest an orchard.

*

It is announced that the cost of free rural delivery
of the mail will reach over $20,000,000 this year! This
will cause a deficit, and require a larger appropriation
by Congress. Some of the daily papers argue that this
being so the parcels post is out of the question, since it
would only add to the expense. The reverse of this is
true. The parcels post would help make rural free de¬
livery self-supporting. The larger part of the parcels
post mail would go to and from the country. This in¬
crease of revenue would mean little extra expense, for
the carriers and their outfits are already paid for. They
would simply carry a wagon load where they now carry
less than a bushel of mail. We believe that within a
year the postal receipts from rural delivery would be
doubled, and that within a reasonable time the deficit
would be wiped out. They will have to drum up a
better argument than that. There are only four argu¬
ments against a parcels post — the four great express
companies.

*

Some years ago a young farmer began to study ways
for improving his condition. He had a good job as
farm manager, but wanted a better one. He finally
decided either to take a course at an agricultural college
or to spend a year or two with good farmers in the
great Alfalfa growing section around Syracuse, N. Y.
He finally decided in favor of the Alfalfa field, as
compared with college class room. Now we have a
letter from him in which he says:

The more I see of Alfalfa, the more I realize its possibil¬
ities. The farmers here have a bonanza and do not know
it. Some do not grow Alfalfa because it makes too much
haying. We are just learning the possibilities of Alfalfa
and inoculation. I observe that when we get off (he lime¬
stone formation Alfalfa does not do so well.

Next year this man will he after a position with
some farmer who wants to make a speciality of Alfalfa.
Of course our college friends will tell us this man was
not wise in his choice of an education, but could they
teach him any one thing that would be more valuable
to him than a thorough knowledge of the needs and
possibilities of Alfalfa?

*

Along a dusty road in a country neighborhood not
far from New York a carriage came rolling one hot
Summer day. In front of a farmhouse under great trees
was an inviting well. The woman who rode in the car¬
riage motioned her driver to stop, and spoke to her
footman :

“Go and get me a drink of water from that well.”

The footman started, and then hesitated. Well he
might, for standing by the well, as if on guard, stood a
great black dog. The open mouth showed long white
teeth, and there was a faint mutter of a growl deep in
the throat.

“Go and get me the water !” commanded the woman.
“But, madame, I am afraid of the dog!”

“Go on ! I would not miss you as much as I would
the water !”

The farmer inside the house heard the conversation.
He came to the door, and at a few words from him the
dog left the well and permitted the footman to draw
the water. Less than 150 years ago the ' ancestors of
that woman in Europe had the same low estimate of
human life or comfort. “I would not miss you.”
Human life was cheap before the French Revolution, as
it is to-day. Between the old-time aristocrat and the

arrogant woman of to-day there have doubtless been
wide changes in social conditions. Wealth, idleness and
a wrong view of life have brought back the old, selfish
aristocratic disregard of the rights and feelings of sub¬
ordinates. And now as then and ever the farmer must
“call off the dog.”

*

It is coming time for the scientific men at the exper¬
iment stations to think about their vacations. Life is
short, and even the vacation may well be used by a busy
man for improvement. Some of the scientific men rec¬
ognize this fact and pass part of their vacation at some
university digging a little deeper into laboratory sci¬
ence. We have before now suggested that they take a
job as hired men on some average farm for a few weeks
or months. Let them change their name and drop, if
they can, the earmarks of the professor, and go out
and work like an ordinary farm hand. Take our word
for it, the experience gained in this way will be worth
far more to them than a year in any great laboratory.
They will size themselves up against what we may call
the real thing.” At present some of them do not seem
to realize just what the average farmer needs. Let them
work in a farm family and learn, not through a micro¬
scope, but through the pores of the skin and the small
of the back, just how large some of the farmers’ bur¬
dens are, and their lives never will be the same again.
Get out against the real thing, gentlemen, if you want
to be useful as well as ornamental.

*

Hardly a day passes that we do not receive several
poems or short stories from people who evidently wish
to earn money with their pens. As a rule these pro¬
ductions have little merit, and we cannot imagine how
they could possibly command a cash value. They are
usually crude, and show little or nothing of the ability
to portray the true emotion of human life. We have
no use for them whatever, and would prefer not to have
them sent. It is to us a sad thing that so many young
people are encouraged to write such matter, and really
think that it can have commercial value. For some
reason which we quite fail to understand most parents
are delighted when John or Mary begins to write verses
or compositions.” The habit is encouraged, often to
the point of actual damage. There is no good reason
why John’s poor verse or Mary’s crude essay should
be ranked above Fred’s fine calf or Lucy’s light loaf
of bread. The calf and the bread are of far more value
to society, yet father and mother will not have it so.
It is well to cultivate the power of expression in a
child, hut this should not be done to the exclusion of
the more useful, if homely duties, which all must face
sooner or later. Many children get over the unfortu¬
nate idea that their pens will earn them an easy living.
Others drag on longer to become more or less of a
nuisance to their friends. A few with real genius keep
on, and do really good work, but usually amid hard
and unhappy conditions. Having had a chance to look
at the subject from every side, the writer would most
earnestly advise parents not to encourage children in
the belief that their crude productions can have com¬
mercial value, or that they can make a living with the
pen.

BREVITIES.

Spell ruin In italics — rum ■’

Don’t delay bay cutting too long.

It takes grit to make a ben show her teeth !

Dry the grass with least exposure to the sun.

Let some one else experiment with dynamite!

Don’t try to breed up from a broken-down mare.

Bend the style of your living to your circumstances.

Be sure to remember that the fat in milk is not in the
form of a solution.

Too many farmers waste by-products and then waste
money buying products.

Din you ever swindle yourself out of a dollar and then
blame It on some one else?

Do not spend money on mushroom culture till you have
read Bulletin No. 22V from Cornell University.

What about a second spraying with Paris-green in August
to destroy the second brood of Codling worm?

Some people seem to regard inherited poverty as an incur¬
able disease. It isn’t. It may be made an antidote for
laziness, and evil, and a germ of prosperity.

The direct sales of bottled whisky often do more damage
than the rumshop does. In this way the whisky gets into
the home. The devil is most dangerous when he is most
respectably dressed.

Cut down a tree in full leaf and see how those leaves
suck the moisture out of the trunk. Cut off or destroy the
leaves and see how the moisture stays in the wood. Much
the same with grass and clover. Do not let the leaves dry
and rattle off at first. Let them suck moisture out of the
stems.

Bulletin No. 1G5 of the California Experiment Station
has a curious history. Asparagus had become a leading crop
in California, and growers did not understand the rust dis¬
ease. The Legislature refused to provide money for an in¬
vestigation, so the California Fruit Canners’ Association
raised *2,500, and the Experiment Station secured an expert
to study the rust and print his report.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

477

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Slugging methods of union labor organiza¬
tions were again exposed May 27 by the arrest and confes¬
sion of George Mellor, former president of the Chicago Car¬
riage and Wagon Workers’ Union, Local No. 4, and also
the arrest of four other j^uen who admit they attempted to
beat non-union employees of the Wells-Fargo Express Com¬
pany. Mellor. presided at the meeting of the executive com¬
mittee of the Carriage and Wagon Workers’ Union the night
of April 0, when sentence of death was pronounced on C. J.
Carlstrom, who was slugged by Charles Gilhooley and his
band of thugs. Carlstrom died two weeks after being beaten.
In the confession made by Casey he implicated nine mem¬
bers of the union, who acted as the executive committee
when funds were voted for slugging purposes. Mellor suc¬
ceeded in eluding capture by going to St. Louis, but on his
return to Chicago the police got trace of him through a
woman for whom he deserted his wife and four children.

. . . May 27 the Chicago Brotherhood of Teamsters re¬

moved President Shea, their strike leader. One reason why
the high union officials apparently are anxious to put the
president aside in a measure as soon as possible and bring
the governing board of teamsters more into the public eye
is believed to be connected with recent disclosures regarding
Shea's past, and the probability of more to follow. Shea's
Boston career shows lie has been a general disturber of the
peace, and a frequent figure In the courts as a result of
cases of assault. The slugging of strike breakers con¬
tinues. James Spencer, employed as a driver by a depart¬
ment store, was reported to the police May 31 as having been
attacked by three men and left unconscious on the prairie.
According to Spencer, the men forced him to board a Went--
worth avenue car. He protested and called to the con¬
ductor for assistance. The conductor, however, refused to
aid. At the end of the car line the trio took Spencer from
the car and beat him into insensibility. Sensational dis¬
closures of attempted bribery of labor officials by prominent
employers were made June 1 by President Shea of the Broth¬
erhood of Teamsters and Albert Young, former president of
the Teamsters’ National Union. Before the Grand Jury
Shea testified that in October, 1903, he had been offered
$10,000 by John C. Driscoll, former secretary of the asso¬
ciated teaming interests, to call a strike against the firm of
Sears, Roebuck & Co. At the time the offer was made
Robert J. Thorne, of Montgomery Ward & Co., was pres¬
ident of the associated teaming interests. Shea and Young
have been arrested for criminal libel as a result of this
charge. President Shea and the other labor leaders who
were arrested under the charge of the last Grand Jury ac¬
cused of criminal conspiracy to ruin the business of Siont-
gomery, Ward & Co., were reindicted June 3. In all 20 in¬
dictments were returned against union leaders. A plot to
kill Judge Jesse M. Holdom and D. M. Parry, former pres¬
ident of the Citizens’ Industrial Association, came to light
June 3, and as soon as sufficient evidence can be obtained
it will be laid before the June Grand Jury and indictments
asked for. There was considerable violence throughout the
city. In some cases shots were fired on both sides, but no
one was seriously injured. At a meeting of the Chicago
truck drivers June (5 the proposal to deliver to strike-affected
stores and express companies was defeated. The vote was
a hard blow to the associated teaming Interests who have
contracts with boycotted business men and who have taken
a neutral position so far. It means either a -spread of the
strike or a backdown of the team owners. They have said
that if this action was taken by the truck drivers they would
order deliveries and force a lockout. There are 0,000 truck-
drivers. Destitution has entered the ranks of men thrown
out of work on account of the teamsters’ strike. Hundreds
of families are reported to be without, support. Benefits paid
by the unions in many cases are said to be inadequate to
keep up large families. Added to the thousands of strikers
are many who lost their positions because of business de¬
pression traceable to the labor troubles. Scores of' men
brought to the city as strike breakers are in want. “Sup¬
port” cases, which receive attention from the County Attor¬
ney. are reported to have increased 100 per cent since the
strike. These cases have to do with husbands who fail to
provide for their families. In one day 78 of these were
brought to the attention of Assistant Coiinty Attorney Ander¬
son. . . . May 30 a cave-in buried 23 men In the Gunni¬

son tunnel, near Montrose, Col., where the Federal reclama¬
tion service is digging a tube to carry the water of the Gun¬
nison River into the TTncompahgre Valley. After 54 hours
of ceaseless toil the rescuing party released the last of the
imprisoned men, Fred Groff, June 1. He had been lying on
his back, an iron rail under his neck and a huge timber
across his chest, with earth and rock packed tightly about
the rest of his body for over two days. The last day the
rescuers got near enough to pass him a tube, through which
milk was given to him, and it is believed this saved his life,
as he was so exhausted that he could not have lived long
with the pain he was enduring. Three hours before Groff
was taken out, Ben Taylor was dragged out of bis prison.

Six of the 28 men imprisoned are dead . Judge

Floyd Estill, of Hamilton County. Tenn., declared June 1
that snoring in church is a breach of the peace, and fined
Charles Shubert. a well-known young man of Chattanooga.
.$20. Shubert fell asleep in a leading church and his snor¬
ing disturbed the congregation. lie was arrested on the
complaint of (he pastor, and although the young man pro¬
tested that his actions were without malice. Judge Estill
declared that the worship had been disturbed. The case
may be fought out in the Supreme Court. . . . One of
the largest seizures of lace that has been made at New York
in some time, was reported June 2 by Inspector Morrison,
who sent the stuff to the public stores. The lace was seized
on the steamer Lombardia, of the Italian line from Naples.
It was concealed inside of five mattresses, which came over
ostensibly as “passenger baggage.” It was Syrian lace, and
there were 335 pounds of it altogether. It is customary
among Government officials to estimate Syrian lace by the
pound, but even at this measure, the lot in question was
quite valuable, ranging in value from $1 to .$4 per pound. It
was said. Altogether, the stuff was worth probably between
.$2,000 and .$3,000. The lace had been carefully concealed
In the mattresses, with a layer of wool on each side of it,
and thus the mattresses were regularly made up. with cords
or thread thrust clear through at regular intervals, and tied
on the outside. . . . Noah Webster Anderson was arrest¬

ed near Brvant. Ind.. May 31, on the charge of altering
paper money. The method he Is accused of using in making
money out of the Government was a bit out of the ordinary,
for instead of raising the bills he is said to have torn them
in pieces and (lien pasted the pieces together in such a man¬
ner as to make seven bills out of six. Between the various
pieces he is said to have pasted together he left a small
space, concealed by strips of paper. The work on bills he
was accused of treating in this way was a bit clumsy, how¬
ever, inasmuch ns the composite bills were made up of .$5
bills of different issues and the discrepancy was detected
without much trouble. An attorney in St. Louis was arrest¬
ed, some time ago, for a much better executed piece of work
along (lie same lines. It was noticed that lie was passing
a number of $20 bills that were uniform as to length in
regard to one another, but were a bit shorter than the regu¬
lation bill. Secret service operatives rented an office in a
block across from his rooms and watched him carefully, cut¬
ting $20 hills into narrow strips and then pasting the strips
together, leaving a small part out in each case until lie had
enough strips to make a couple of new bills. He used no
strips of paper to fasten the strip of bills together, but cut
them so uniformly that he could paste the edges together
with' what is known as “forgers’ paste.” Only in close
examination could the missing narrow strip on each bill be
noticed. He had gone to the trouble of getting new bills
of the same issue for ills work. . . . Snyder, Okie.,

which is just recovering from the effects of the tornado
which swept hundreds of homes to ruin a few weeks ago.
was flooded June 3 by a cloudburst which has turned the
wreck strewn town into a lake. Scores of people, who a few
weeks ago lost their homes and families, were battling
against the water, and women and children were being res¬
cued from floating houses and taken to places of safety. Tt
is not yet known whether there has been any loss of life.
The flood will cause much suffering, as the commissary de¬
partment established for the relief of the tornado victims
has been flooded and the food supply is ruined. ... A
fraud order was Issued at the 1‘ostofflce Department June 3

against .T. L. Frazie Mining and Development Company, 412
West 124th street. New York. This concern appears to
have acted as an agent in the exploitation of the Me-
Crusky Gold Mining and Milling Company, with properties
alleged to be located in Georgia, it was using the mails
in the sale of stock, which sales, the Department held, on
account of the nature of the scheme, were in violation of the
fraud provisions of the postal laws. The B. Franklin Rem¬
edy Company, 519 Third avenue, New York, has also been
denied the use of the mails. A fraud order was also issued
against Ilaring DuBorue, Box 29, Grey Court, New York.
DuBorne advertised that he was about to put a breakfast
food on the market and he invited everybody interested to
suggest a catchy name, promising to give as a prize a hand¬
some automobile to the one who satisfied him. Everybody
who wrote was told that he had won the prize and was
invited to send $20 to pay the freight on the machine. No
machines appearing, many complaints were made to t lie De¬
partment. lienee the fraud order. Here is the letter sent
by DuBorne to one of the “lucky” persons : “I have decided
to use your idea of ‘U-Auto-Eat.’ The automobile is yours.

I will ship it to you on receipt of the freight ($20). Ex¬
cuse brevity, but I am rushed to death.”

ADMINISTRATION. — -Charles J. Bonaparte, of Baltimore,
will be the next Secretary of the Navy. This announcement
was made officially May 31, soon after Secretary Morton had
declared his final decision to retire from the Cabinet on
July 1 and associate himself with New Y'ork City transpor¬
tation Interests. The selection of Mr. Bonaparte will prove
a surprise to many of the leaders of the Republican party,
and may be an unwelcome appointment to some politicians,
although the majority have learned to respect the rugged
honesty and fearless determination which are his chief char¬
acteristics. He is a man of abundant means, and will be
in no way dependent on the meagre remuneration of a Cab¬
inet officer. Ever since he was graduated from the Harvard
Law School, in 1874, Mr. Bonaparte has been waging a fight
for better municipal government, and has received hard
blows and won some signal victories. Charles .T. Bonaparte
was born in Baltimore on June 9. 1851. lie is a grandson
of Jerome Bonaparte, once King of Westphalia and brother
of Napoleon Bonaparte. The romantic story of his grand¬
mother, the beautiful Elizabeth l'atterson, of Baltimore, has
been told many times, although Mr. Bonaparte himself al¬
ways deprecates any reference to his distinguished lineage.
His line old Baltimore home Is noted for containing the most
extensive collection of relics and souvenirs of the First Con¬
sul and Emperor of France in this country. ... Ac¬
cording to tables prepared in the division or rural free de¬
livery, which have just been laid before Postmaster General
Cortelyou by the Fourth Assistant Postmaster General, there
is no perceptible abatement in the demand for the rural free
delivery service. There are pending 4,708 petitions for new
service, against 5,470 similar petitions on tile one year ago.
The work of establishing the service is proceeding as rapidly
as possible. Rural routes are being ordered into effect at
an average rate of about 600 a month. With the beginning
of the next fiscal year, July 1, when the new appropriation
for rural tree delivery becomes effective, a large number of
routes will be established, the service to start on August 1.
It is found necessary to give at least sixty days’ notice of
the intention to start a new service. New York has 1,630
active routes, many counties being entirely covered by the
service. Only 78 petitions from that State are now pend¬
ing. The greatest pressure for the continuation and exten¬
sion of the service comes from the Southern States.

THE EASTERN WAR. — Official announcement Is reiterat¬
ed from Tokio that the annihilation of the Russian fleet was
accomplished with slight damage to the Japanese warships,
only three torpedo boats being lost. The surrendered Rus¬
sian officers have been released on parole and Rear Admiral
Nebogatoff has been permitted to send a report to the Czar.
Admiral Rojestvensky has been taken to the Sasebo Nava!
Hospital. He has a fractured skull. The report that an¬
other admiral, supposed to be Voelkersam. was captured with
him, was an error. Another Russian torpedo boat destroyer
has reached Vladivostok with about 209 survivors of the
battleship Oslyabya. No official estimates of the number of
Russians lost in the destruction of the fleet has been made.
Allowing lor 3.000 prisoners in the hands of the Japanese
and the possibility that the few ships which escaped carried
survivors from other vessels, it is computed that the loss of
life in the Russian fleet was probably about 5,000 men.
June 3 three fugitive Russian cruisers arrived at Sual,
Luzon, about 125 miles from Manila. They will remain in¬
terned there until the end of the war.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The Illinois State Fair will be
held at Springfield. September 30-0ctober 7 ; W. C. Gar¬
rard, secretary, Springfield, Ill.

Prof. \\ . F. Lafta, of Purdue University, who is superin¬
tendent of farmers’ institutes in Indiana, has arranged a
schedule of about 35 Summer Institutes, to be held through¬
out the State in June and July. The special object of ithp
institutes is to afford helpful and practical instructions for
the women and boys and girls of the farm. Two prominent
features of instruction will be those in domestic science by
Miss Mather, of Normal, III., and in poultry raising and gar¬
dening by Prof. George Stiitzer, of Lafayette, who formerly
was connected with Purdue. President W. E. Stone, Profs.
W. C. Latta, J. Troop and II. E. Van Norman and Dr. R. A.
Craig, of Purdue, also will give lectures at some of the
meetings. _

CROP PROSPECTS.

The apple crop in southwest Missouri will be very light
again : do not think it will be any better than last year.
Northwest Arkansas will have a light crop : probably one-
fourth crop, a little better than last year. I have no definite
report on north Missouri yet. The continued rains have re¬
tarded growth in corn crop, which is late and much in need
of cultivation. Wheat' promises fair crop. Oats will not be
up to average unless it quits raining soon.

Missouri. geo, t. tippin.

The outlook for fruit in our section is very good at pres¬
ent, for all kinds, and promises a heavy yield. Peaches were
very light last year. This season they are heavy. Pears
were very light, almost a failure; this year a good crop.
Strawberries look fine, with a good load of bloom: last year
they were a light crop. Grapes are about t lie same as last
year. Apples are 50 per cent better than last year. No
farming in this section to speak of. j. f. w.

Marlboro, N. Y.

The apple outlook is not so encouraging as last season.
We grow the Baldwin largely, and they have blossomed very
light this season. Greenings, Wageners and Fall fruit have
blossomed full. Pears, plums and peaches blossomed well,
and the trees seem to be in good shape for a crop. The
weather has been too cold for grapes so far, but the vines
wintered well, and we look for a crop equal to last year
Spring grain and grass have started well, but need rain.
Corn is nearly all planted, but the weather has been too cold
for it to start much. t, m. c.

Lakemont, N. Yr.

The Winter apple crop will be comparatively short in this
section. Everyone I have talked with will have fewer apples
than last year. Baldwins especially light, but Summer and
Fall varieties promise a full average yield. Our own crop
will be about half as much as last year. All other kinds of
fruit promise well. Weather conditions have been favorable
all through the blossoming period. Seasonable rains have
occurred up till now. when the need of rain is beginning to
be felt. Less spraying has been done than usual, owing. I
think, to the dry cool Spring. The blossom ends are closing
up fast now with a good dose of poison inside, and it matters
little this year whether it lie Disparene or Paris-green, as no
rains have occurred to wash it off. w. a. b.

In regard to spraying, it has as a rule been very imper¬
fectly done in this section in ray oninion. In fact, those
who know the importance of thoroughness in the work, my¬
self Included, are too apt to neglect, owing mostly to the
pressure of other things. We have found it quite laborious
to handle so much water in snraying, and this season Mr.
Eastman and myself are testing the dry powder process,
which is applied with a machine made expressly for this
nurpose. Apply when the leaves are wet to trees and
bushes. I will report the result this Fall. In regard to the
prospects of the fruit crop. I can only sav that the bloom
is coming out now, and in ail of my life I think I have never

seen the bloom so immense and perfect, from the largest
trees to the smallest shrub or plant. The fields look like
fields of gold, the dandelions are so profuse. Judging from
indications in this section there will be an immense crop of
apples, currants, gooseberries, strawberries, etc., should noth¬
ing Interfere. a. n. b.

Dexter, Me.

Up to the middle of April prospects for fruit of all sorts
were exceptional. At that time we had some very severe
frosts, which destroyed the greater part of tne fruit. Includ¬
ing strawberries, which are the poorest crop I ever knew.
This is one of the greatest fruit and truck sections of the
West, thousands of acres being planted to different fruit and
vegetables. The San Jose scale has not yet made its appear¬
ance in Union County, but I expect it to come soon, if fruit
growers continue buying trees from nurseries in infected
localities. I recently noticed shipments of trees from New
Jersey and Virginia. How is it that this pest has been
spread broadcast over the country, and yet every nursery
catalogue contains a certificate of Inspection, stating that
their nurseries are free from the pest? From my experience
with scale insects I believe that if it is once introduced into
a locality it is there to stay, requiring most thorough work
to hold it in check, something the ordinary farmer will not
have time nor inclination to do properly. M. L. b.

Dongola, III.

Thermometer at 28 a week ago yesterday (May 22), with
apples in full bloom, yet they do not seem to be injured.
Strawberries badly hit, and my plums, blooming heavily, have
dropped. Cherries too far advanced to be hurt. April was
the driest I ever knew, and a cold month, yet almost every¬
thing was as far along as last year, that is, blooming period.

1 think the drought hastened bloom. We have had two good
showers in May. but no steady fall, and ground is in bad
shape; hay in this neighborhood will be very poor. This is
“off year” in New England for Winter apples, but the Kings,
Ilubbardstons, Russets and most of my Baldwins are in bet¬
ter show than a year ago. Later I may find a different
state of things. Last year in the old orchard there must
have been 140 barrels — old neglected trees — that certainly
responded well to a little care. I should also say that R. I.
Greening, Danvers Sweet and Porter are overloaded. The
only trees not heavily set are some Maiden's Blush, a Golden
Pippin and two large neglected Baldwins.

Weston, Mass. _

BRIEFLY ANSWERED .

Mixing Clover Seed.

Will it be wise to mix several kinds of clover seed? Crim¬
son clover was winter-killed here. j. h.

Orange Co., N. Y.

We think it desirable to mix one part Alsike clover seed
with four parts of Red clover, especially where the soil Is
damp. We have not mixed other clovers with Crimson,
though some farmers report great success in sowing equal
parts of Red with Crimson in the late Summer. Of course
the Crimson dies out, but the Red often lives.

Getting Rid of Bats.

Give a remedy or remedies for destroying and removing
bats from buildings. c. H. c.

Germantown, NT Y.

Bats do no particular harm in buildings. It is a common
notion, however, that they sometimes introduce into houses
t lie human bedbug, but this is not true. They may be in¬
fested by the true bat bedbug, but this insect does not attack
human beings, and is a distinct species from the one which
lives on man. I think the bats could be killed if the build¬
ing were closed tightly and thoroughly fumigated with sul¬
phur; then keep the bats out by closing up their entrance
holes. M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Cloth or Glass for Plant House.

I have about one acre of fine sandy land adjoining citv
on sidehill of 35 or 40 degrees), sloping to soutn. and well
protected by Hill and woods on north, northwest and
west. I think of building a small vegetable or plant house
or both. Would a three-quarter span facing south with
north one-fourth covered with good protection cloth answer,
using glass on south span? Also, may I use good protection
cloth on cold frames, say every alternate sash to be glass,
and tacking cloth to frames 3 x 6 feet, using one glass and
then one of the cloth, and so on? We have a good market.
There is a running stream on side of hill. a. s. k.

Jackson, Tern.

Plant cloth will give very good satisfaction for a short
time: it soon becomes rotten and worthless. I would not
use it on plant house; it serves a very good purpose for cold
frames, when the season is so far advanced that we do not
get heavy snow or frosts. It is very convenient for shading
newly transplanted plants. Plant cloth was very popular a
few years ago, but is not used to any extent now, except
for cold frames. By all means, use glass; it. is the cheapest
and safest in the end. JOHN j rankin’, JR.

ATTRACTING BUSINESS. — Some farmers use letters or
circulars to attract private trade. The following neatlv
printed circular is sent by the Locust Farms, Eatontown,
N. J. :

“If you are interested in having fresh eggs — never over
twenty-four hours old — eggs that have a rich flavor, we can
supply them. Perfect sanitary conditions in poultry houses,
intelligent feeding with best of grains — clover hay and green
foods — give us these fine eggs. It costs more to produce our
kind. Test the difference between so-called fresli eggs and
those of Locust Farms. Ours are not eggs with a past. The
white egg of the Leghorn or the brown egg of the Plymouth
Rock.”

BUSINESS BITS.

One of the standard lines of silage machinery which it will
be well for any dairyman who intends purchasing an outfit
this season to look into carefully Is the “Belle City,” man¬
ufactured by the Belle City Mfg. Co., Racine Junction, Wis.
The cutters are made with either blower or carrier at¬
tachments, and are guaranteed to give satisfaction in
every way. Catalogue and full information will be sent
on request.

Haymakers will note that the Eli hay press advertising
makes its appearance for the first time this season in tills
issue. Haymakers are all familiar with the Eli presses. They
have been long in use, and they have a good name. The
makers, the Collins Plow Co., of Quincy, III., have presses
doing duty in about every corner of the country. Anyone
about to buy a press should not think of doing so without
first investigating the Eli line. It consists of some 38 styles
and sizes, both horse and belt power. The Eli catalogue
will be gladly mailed on request.

For fencing poultry there is nothing better than the
Union Lock Poultry Fencing, manufactured by Case Bros.,
Colchester, Conn. It will not sag, will withstand all tem¬
peratures, will keep in small chicks, yet is heavy enough to
use as a division fence against small animals. An extra
heavy fence is made which will turn both stock and poul¬
try. (including small chicks. It is superior to all other
kinds of fence in that it can be used on uneven ground
without sagging or buckling, simply by placing the posts
on highest and lowest places. • This fencing is shipped di¬
rect to farmers and poultrymen from mills in Connecticut,
Illinois and California. Note the advertisement in another
column.

Dr. David Roberts, the noted cattle specialist of this
country, lias recently made a very remarkable report on
the prevalence of abortion among the herds of the United
States. The magnitude of the loss sustained will be a sur¬
prise to the great majority of farmers and stockmen. The
loss is so great as to make it wise for every stockman to
examine into the condition of his herd. Dr. Roberts has
established beyond question the fact that abortion among
cows is due to a germ, and is contagious, not only among
cattle but other stock as well. This eminent doctor has
been so remarkably successful as a cattle specialist that
stockmen will lie pleased to learn that he has written five
little books treating on the diseases specified and their
cure. Every farmer and stockman would do well to write
for these books befoie the edition is exhausted. Address
your letter to Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist, 431
Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wis.

478

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 17,

l Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

ETIQUETTE.

The gossips tell a story of a Sparrow and
a Cat,

The Feline lean and hungry, and the Fowl
exceeding fat.

With eager, famished energy, and claws
of gripping steel,

Puss pounced upon the Sparrow and pre¬
pared to make a meal.

The Sparrow never struggled when he found
that he was caught,

(If somewhat slow in action he was mighty
quick of thought,)

But chirped in simple dignity that seemed
to fit the case,

“No gentleman would ever eat before he’d
washed his face!”

This censure of his manners wounded Pussy
like a knife —

For cats are great observers of the niceties
of life—

He paused a breath and licked his paws, the
proper thing to do,

When, chirping derisively, away the Spar¬
row flew !

In helpless, hopeless hunger, at that Mocker
on the bough

Poor Pussy glowered longingly, then vowed
a solemn vow :

“Henceforth I'll eat my dinner first, then
wash myself!” — And that's
The universal etiquette for educated cats.

— Arthur Guiterman in New York Times.
*

Chocolate cream cake gives a pleasant
variation in icing. Use any good cake
recipe and bake in a square pan. When
cold cover with the following icing: To
one and one-half cupful of sugar add one-
half cupful of sweet milk. Place on stove
and cook, after it begins to boil, for four
minutes. Do not stir it. Pour out on a
platter and beat until thick enough to
spread on the cake. While making this
frosting have one and one-half square
of Baker’s chocolate melting, and after
covering the cake with the frosting spread
the chocolate smoothly over it.

*

The author of ‘Tedagogues and Par¬
ents” describes an incident that may be
applied to many emergencies in daily life :
Two youthful and unconscious expo¬
nents of differing schools of mental phil¬
osophy feared to be late at school.

‘‘Let’s kneel right down here and pray
that we shall not be late,” proposed one.

“No,” firmly responded the other, “we’ll
skin right along and pray as we go.”

This brings the whole doctrine of faith
and works right into a nutshell.

*

Collar supporters are novelties in jew¬
elry, designed for wear with fragile lace
stocks. They consist of a light metal bar
ll/2 or two inches long, having a little or¬
namental stud at either end. The stud
unscrews, and its shank is then pushed
through the lace at the top and bottom of
the stock, so that the metal bar forms a
vertical support ; the stud is then screwed
in again to hold it in place. These sup¬
porters cost from 25 cents a pair up, ac¬
cording to material and decoration.

*

The Chicago Tribune tells the story of
a .Utopia set apart for all reformers, in
which they could reorganize society to suit
themselves. Things had been running for
a few years when an outsider asked one
of the inhabitants if all was happy in
this reformed community.

“No, not exactly,” replied the tired-
looking citizen, with some reluctance.
“We’re organized on the right basis, and
our plan of society is perfect, but some¬
how or other the people that live here
are the darnedest, contrariest cranks you
ever heard of.”

*

Cherry batter pudding is one of the
season’s dainties. Prepare a cupful of
stoned cherries. Beat two eggs separate¬
ly, add half a pint of milk, or better still,
sweet cream, to the yolks, and to this
one tablespoonful of melted butter. Have
ready V/2 cupful of flour, into which
two teaspoonfuls of baking powder have

been sifted, with a dash of salt. Add this
to the yolks of the eggs and milk, and
lastly add the whites of the eggs, beaten
light. Beat vigorously for a few minutes
and turn into a greased baking pan, al¬
lowing the batter to be about an inch
thick. Cover it with the cherries, add
one-third of a cup of granulated sugar,
sprinkled lightly on the top, and bake
in a quick oven for 30 minutes. Serve
hot with hard sauce or a sauce made from
a cup of cherries and half a cup of sugar
stewed together until the cherries are re¬
duced to a pulp. Sauce as well as pud¬
ding should be served hot.

*

A farmer who was much troubled by
trespassers during the nutting season con¬
sulted with a botanical friend, says the
Youths’ Companion. The botanist fur¬
nished him with the technical name of
the hazel, and the farmer placed the
following notice at conspicuous points
about his premises :

Trespassers take warning! All persons en¬
tering this wood do so at their own risk, for
although common snakes are not often found
the Coryius Aveilana abounds everywhere
about here, and never gives warning of its
presence.

The place was unmolested that year,
and the farmer gathered his crop in peace.
*

To make a twine shopping bag, a ball
of stout dark brown twine is required.
Drive 20 tacks half way into a board one
inch apart. Make two strong cords of
twine, each 20 inches long. Lay these
down close to the tacks. Now with the
ball of twine in the right hand work from
left to right a row of loose buttonhole
stitches, going under the cords, round the
tack, and over the cords at each tack. On
reaching the end work back from right
to left, knotting round a round stick to
make each loop match the rest. A simple
double buttonhole stitch is the best knot.
When the net thus made is twice as
long as the finished bag is to be, loosen
the first row from the tacks and knot
the last row around the cords, join up
at the ends, and finish the top in any¬
way preferred. A boy who is confined
to the house by sickness or accident often
finds recreation in this netting.

*

A very pretty shirt waist seen recently
was of cream-colored challis piped at the
edge of the tucks with bright red silk,
and trimmed with four stiff little bows of
red silk put down the front like buttons.
The effect was very good. Small bows of
silk or velvet are sometimes used as trim¬
ming placed in lines close together. Ro¬
settes of all sizes and styles are very pop¬
ular, especially those called cocardes,
which consist of a flat button in the cen¬
ter surrounded by rows of little frills. Flat
rosettes of the same material as the dress
are made by cutting out a circular piece
about the size of a saucer; the outer edge
is gathered and brought in to the center,
and there finished with a button, or a little
ball of the material stuffed with wad¬
ding. Triple rosettes are made of three
circular pieces of the material of gradu¬
ated size, treated in the same way; then
mounted one over the other, and finished
with the button or ball. Much cleverness
of hand is required with these trimmings;
a certain knack comes with continued
practice. In a fashionable dressmaker’s
establishment there are not only different
experts employed for skirts, waists,
sleeves and trimmings, but also specialists
in collars and stocks, who work on no
other part of a costume.

Yield thy poor best, and mind not how nor
why,

Lest one day, seeing all about thee spread
A mighty crowd, and marvelously fed,

Thy heart break out into a bitter cry,

“I might have furnished, I, yea, even I,

The two small fishes and the barley bread.”

— Frederick Langbridge.

The Rural Patterns.

The waist shown at No. 4973 will be
found very becoming to a youthful figure.
The waist is made with a fitted lining,
which is omitted from the model, fronts,
back and applied yoke, but when silk or
wool material are used the foundation is
in every way desirable. The fronts are

finished with a wide box pleat and the
back is long at the shoulders, joined to the
fronts at the edge of the yoke. The
sleeves are in regulation style, and at the
neck is a turn-over collar. The quantity
of material required for a girl of fourteen
years of age is 3$4 yards 21, 3l/2 yards 27
or 134 yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
4973 is cut in sizes for misses of 12, 14 and
1G years of age; price 10 cents.

A loose house gown, like No. 4955, is a
great comfort for warm weather, when
made of some thin material. The gown
is made with fronts and back, the back be¬
ing laid in inverted pleats at the center
and the fronts in two outward turning

4955 Negligee House Gown, 32 to 40 bust.

pleats at each shoulder. At the neck is a
big collar, and the wide, flowing sleeves
are in one piece each, gathered at their up¬
per edges. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 9j4 yards
27, 9 yards 32 or 5 yards 44 inches wide,
with 74 yards of banding to trim as illus¬
trated. The pattern 4955 is cut in sizes
for a 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 inch bust meas¬

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N>

01

o

H

C/>

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Kural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent inevery
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
Rural Mail box. and a small price.

H. E, Hessler Co„ Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

ar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can’t
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.

Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna,

*&WE WANT AGENTS

in every town to ride and sell our bicycles.
Good pay. Finest guaranteed 1905 MODELS,
with Puncture-Proof & f
tires .Coaster- Brakes V* " ” ^ ^mW

1908 k 1904 Model*

of Best Makes . V* » ~

SOO Second-Hand Whoola

All makes & Mod- Q (O
ela good as new V « 10
CLEARING SALE at half cost.

We SHIP ON APPROVAL and

TEN DAYS TRIAL to anyone

without a cent deposit. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.

TIKES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, tv so CHICAGO

AT WHOLESALE PRICES

Oven Thermometer Attachment To introduce our well-

known line every¬
where, we will sell our

Gold Coin
Ranges

or Heating
Stoves at
the whole¬
sale price,
securely
o r a ted,
freight
prepaid,
hlgl ly pol¬
ished, ready to
put In your
home, and seut
On Trial.
This Is the first
proposition of
this kind ever
made by a manu¬
facturer of a High
Grade Trade Mark

PATENT
STELLIF0RM GRATE
handy, easy, saves fuel

Stove. Write for our Free Illustrated Catalog No. 3.
THE GOLD COIN STOVfi CO,, Troy, N. V.
(Successor to Bussey & McLeod).

“The Nation’s pleasure ground and sani¬
tarium.” — David Bennett Hill

THE

ADIRONDACK

MOUNTAINS.

The lakes and streams in the
Adirondack Mountains are full of
fish: the woods are inviting, the
air is tilled with health, and the
nights are cool and restful. If you
vi nt this region once, you will go
there again. An answer to almost
any question in regard to the Adi-
rondacks will be found in No 20
of the “ Four-Track Series,” “ The
Adirondack Mountains and Bow
to Reach Them ; ” issued by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL

A copy will be mailed free on receipt of a
two-ceut stamp, by George H. Daniels. Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

SEE THAT YOUR TICKET READS VIA THE
NICKEL PLATE ROAD.

ure ; price 10 cents.

Great battles are really won before
they are actually fought. To control our
passions we must govern our habits and
keep watch over ourselves in the small
details of everyday life. — Sir John Lub¬
bock.

If you are going to Erie, Cleveland, Ft.
Wayne, Chicago or beyond, and you will be
assured a most satisfactory trip at the lowest
possible cost. Through Pullman sleepers from
New York and Bostou to poiuts above men¬
tioned. Elegant high back seat day coaches.
Famous Dining Car Service.

For rates to any point West or on the Pa¬
cific Coast, and before arranging for your trip,
write R. E. Payne, General Agent, 291 Main
St., Buffalo, N. Y., or A. W. Ecclestone, D.
P. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

1905.

470

Frozen Desserts.

Strawberry Ice Cream. — Mash and
strain through cloth the contents of two
baskets of very ripe strawberries ; stir in
two cupfuls of sugar. Cook one quart of
milk in a double boiler and while hot
stir in two spoonfuls of cornstarch dis¬
solved in a little cold milk; add the
beaten yolks of six eo-^s with a cupful of
sugar, cook for three minutes; remove
from the fire i pour over the beaten
whites of the eggs ; strain and add to it
one cupful of whipped cream. As soon
as the mixture begins to freeze, remove
the cover and turn in the berry juice.

Strawberry Parfait. — Boil three-fourths
cupful of sugar, one-fourth cupful of
water ; pour on to two stiffly beaten whites
of eggs and beat until foamy and cold,
then fold in one cupful strawberry pulp
cooked thick with one-half cupful sugar;
add one pint cream whipped until solid,
one teaspoonful of rose extract; turn into
ice cream mold and cover securely with
oiled paper and the cover ; pack for three
hours in equal quantities of salt and
crushed ice. When unmolded garnish
with fresh unhulled berries.

Raspberry Granite. — Boil a quart of
water and one pint of sugar together for
20 minutes, then add the juice of three
lemons and the juice of two quarts of
red raspberries. Set away to cool. When
quite cool pack into a freezer as for
cream, throw a blanket over it and set
away in a cool place. After an hour
scrape the frozen mixture from the sides
of the can ; do not beat, as you want the
frozen mixture to be granulated, not
creamy. It will require about an hour
and a half to freeze the dish. Just before
serving stir in the third quart of berries
and serve. These ingredients will make
two quarts of granite.

Raspberry Ice Cream. — Cover two
rounding tablespoonfuls of gelatine with
cold water, and let soak for half an hour.
Mash one quart of ripe berries with a
pound of sugar and let stand for an hour,
stirring often. Strain and press, add to
the gelatine with a pint of whipped cream
and freeze. Or mix well and place in a
mold to harden.

Raspberry Water Ice. — Wash thorough¬
ly a quart of very ripe berries, red ones
preferred, put in a bowl with a cupful and
a half of sugar; mash and let stand until
the juice is all released; strain; add a
quart of ice water and the juice of two
lemons ; freeze.

Cream of Peach Sherbet. — Put one
quart of rich milk in a double boiler over
the fire, add a cupful of granulated sugar
and stir until dissolved ; cook 10 min¬
utes, then set aside to cool. Put suffi¬
cient quantity of peaches through a vege¬
table press or coarse sieve to make one
pint of pulp ; add the cold milk and flavor
with a little almond or a few pounded
peach kernels. Freeze same as sherbets.

More About Washing.

Mrs. Frederick C. Johnson, whose arti¬
cle, “Notes from My Kitchen,” appeared
recently in The R. N.-Y., is to be con¬
gratulated upon her remarks concerning
washing — not her method — but the fact
that she has been willing to experiment
with various processes whereby soiled
and useless garments are converted into
wholesome utility. There is too wide a
variance between family washings and
laundry conveniences for housekeepers to
become agreed upon a laundry process,
and the great variety of soaps, powders
and fluids, also washing machines, all help
to increase and multiply the methods of
extracting soil from woven material. But
every housekeeper must adapt herself to
some one method, and it is each one’s
duty to herself (not to the washing) to
experiment with methods and laundry
aids, until she is convinced that she has
a process adapted to herself and her
household conveniences — to her strength
and good judgment.

The weekly washing is the most burden¬
some of all the household duties ; for it
cannot be slighted, neither can it be neg¬
lected, for then it just grows and grows
until it becomes a veritable monstrosity.
And yet it is surprising how little thought
is given the subject of laundry conveni¬
ences in building and repairing farm¬

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

houses. The woman who goes out of
doors for water, down cellar for tubs, into
the woodshed for the washbench, in brief,
here and there to collect her laundry im¬
plements, works under a great disadvan¬
tage as compared to the woman who has
stationary tubs, hot water by turning a
faucet, and empty tubs by pulling a stop¬
per, and no disarrangement of her kitchen
by a collection of unusual utensils. Sta¬
tionary washtubs usually are found with
a water and sewer system, but not neces¬
sarily so; although the stationary tub
does call for a reliable drain to carry off
the water. Stationary tubs and good
drains cost money, and so do bay win¬
dows, sliding or folding doors, stuffed
furniture and many other objects about
the house, both useful and ornamental.
But what would a stationary washbench
cost, located underneath a kitchen win¬
dow, roomy in width, and long enough
for two if not three medium-sized tubs,
enclosed underneath a laundry closet, a
place for the washboiler, washboard,
wringer, clothes-line, pins, bluing, soap
and starch?

There are several washing machines
which take the place of at least one sta¬
tionary tub, but housewives differ in opin¬
ion as to the helpfulness of even the most
up-to-date washing invention ; and they
will continue to differ while badly soiled
garments require special attention — hard
rubbing. It hardly seems possible for
varied opinions to exist as to the conveni¬
ence of a stationary washbench or a
laundry closet, and there are several laun¬
dry hints, which may be termed as regu¬
lar “trump cards,” to utilize when in a
state of laundry doubt, such as the treat¬
ment of stains.

Stains are either of an animal, vegeta¬
ble or a mineral nature. Cold water, es¬
pecially soft water, is nature’s great sol¬
vent. Stains of an animal nature yield
their animal substances to cold water, to
cold or lukewarm soapsuds, and finally to
boiling water. Cold water and lukewarm
suds will not always remove the color¬
ing matter of animal stains, but such
stains are never thereby rendered indeli¬
ble. Boiling water removes nearly all
kinds of fruit and vegetable stains; but
it sets stains of an animal nature, and
also the coloring matter of some vegeta¬
ble substances, -such as cocoa, chocolate
and coffee. Stains from freshly-made
coffee usually yield to boiling water ; but
coffee spilled at the table contains sugar
and more or less milk or cream, the
same as cocoa and chocolate, and milk is
an animal substance. All animal matter
contains albumen in some degree. 1 he
white of an egg is nearly all albumen —
a sticky elastic substance, which thickens
— cooks — with 120 degrees of heat. Boil¬
ing water represents 212 degrees of heat,
and when applied to a vegetable sub¬
stance containing animal matter, the col¬
oring matter is held by the albumen, and
both are cooked into the texture of woven
material. The same may be said of
flour mixtures, alone or combined with
fruit or vegetables. All the grains con¬
tain gluten, which, if not chemically the
same, is identical to albumen as found
in animal substances. Ink stains yield to
cold, sweet, skimmed milk; printer’s ink,
and also machine oil yield to cold water
and soap. In short, when in a state of
doubt, it is always safe to use cold water
for an unusual or a cooked food stain.

Iron rust is the most common mineral
stain to trouble housewives, but that is
usually avoided with good and well-cared-
for laundry implements, although it has
been asserted with a degree of authority,
that soaps and mineral bluings contain
substances which unite chemically and
yield a result, which will cause spots the
same as iron rust spots. To avoid such
a possibility, the washing should be free
from soapsuds before bluing, or the blu¬
ing omitted. From personal experience,
lemon pulp can be commended for rust
stains. With a large article, fold with the
rust stains uppermost, and place in the
strong rays of the sun (in warm wea-
ther)j cover with lemon pulp and a piece
of glass — window glass — and repeat until
successful. For small pieces, dip in
cold water, fold and lay on an earthen
dish, cover with a clean white cloth also
wet with cold water, with holes cut there¬
in exposing the rust spots, which cover
w' h thick pieces of juicy lemon pulp, and
place in a hot oven for a safe length
of time — until the covering commences to
dry. This process will leave a lemon-
colored stain which will yield to boiling
water. In using boiling water for a
stain, place the material across the top
of a deep dish, and pour a stream of
boiling (boiling, not hot) water directly
upon and through the stain.

Aside from unusual and special stains,
the family washing has to do with body

soil, and earthy dirt. Dust and mud
usually consist of a mixture of animal,
vegetable and mineral matter. With the
inside garment soil of an animal nature,
and the outside soil of a mixed nature,
it stands to reason that the housewife
in a state of laundry doubt is quite sane
and safe in putting her white cotton and
linen washing a-soak over night in a
strong lukewarm (more cold than warm)
soapsuds, with soap rubbed on where
especially needed, no matter what follows
the next morning — rubbing and boiling,
or boiling and then rubbing. There are
compounds which are equal to all kinds
of dirt and stains, and many a house¬
wife and laundry woman has thereby been
able to do large washings by first boiling
(stewing) the clothes before rubbing,
or even soaking them. But the majority
of women hesitate to use these aids
through the belief that they injure the
texture of goods; and then, with the
small family, the bulk of the washing
consists of wearing apparel, much of
which usually requires special attention,
consequently each housekeeper should be¬
come a laundry law unto herself.

A word about making soapsuds with
hard soap — have a soap-bag. The small
salt bags are nice for soap-bags. Shave
the soap and tie it in the soap-bag, drop
into the boiler. No waiting for floating
pieces of soap to dissolve ; no soap stick¬
ing and burning to the bottom of the boil¬
er. Scraps of soap all utilized. When
not in use, keep the soap-bag on an old
saucer for future use. Never, never be
without a soap-bag for making soapsuds
for the laundry. With colored wash
goods and blankets of cotton and wool,
keep on the safe side, and at the first
washing soak for one hour in strong,
cold salt water. Only the striped borders
of blankets need to be soaked, then wash
as usual according to a well-tried method.

MEDORA CORBETT.

The Bookshelf.

Experiments with Plants, by W. J.
V. Osterhout, Ph. D. As the author of
this book says, the numerous questions
which young people ask about plants are
best answered by themselves. To put
them in the way of doing this is the
object of “Experiments with Plants.” It
contains 10 chapters, dealing with seeds,
roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits,
their structure and functions; the influ¬
ence of surroundings upon plants ; bac¬
teria ; making new kinds of plants. The
style in which the book is written, clear,
simple and free from technicalities, makes
it most interesting reading for those un¬
familiar with botanical science, but it
will be found equally valuable for teach¬
ers, especially in rural schools. The
most casual glance will show many a
wonder in plant life which we pass by
every day without the least thought un¬
less some such teacher as this directs at¬
tention to it.

The works of God are fair for naught,

Unless our eye, in seeing.

Sees hidden in the thing the thought

That animates its being.

Any teacher who can show us the
wider meanings of field and garden, and
thus enlarge the horizon of daily life, is
to be welcomed warmly, and Dr. Oster¬
hout belongs to this class. The book is
admirably indexed and freely illustrated.
Published by the Macmillan Company,
New York ; 492 pages ; price, postpaid,
from this office, $1.25.

Mrs. Darrell, by Foxcroft Davis. A
novel of American life, marked by good
character drawing and a pleasant picture
of Washington life. The dominant char¬
acter is not the heroine, who is negative
and not altogether “nice,” as women term
it, but the strong, unscrupulous Senator
Clavering, who dominates book and hero¬
ine alike. He suggests a composite por¬
trait of some very real persons who have
been prominent in political life. The
pictures of older Washington and its
society possess the strongest charm of the
book, and that fine old heroine of society,
Mrs. Luttrell, in her perennial black vel¬
vet and ermine, seems too real to be a
mere creature of the imagination. “Mrs.
Darrell” seems likely to be one of the
popular Summer novels. Published by
the Macmillan Company, New York, price
$1.50. _

Silence, when nothing need be said, is
the eloquence of discretion. — Bovee.

To judge of the real importance of an
individual we should think of the effect
his death would produce. — Levis.

/ZCjh On Long or Short
9 Term Investments

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY received at auj
*’* time In the year, yields
5 p. c. per annum for
every day we have it.
You should learn how far our
operations are removed from
any element of speculation.
Conservative investors will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and profit without the
annoyance of individual mort¬
gage loans. Write for par¬
ticulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co..

5 Times Bl’d’g, B'wy, N.Y. City

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating' or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Pire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samj 'es, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

HARNESS

We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CD., 6 Lake St. ,Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.

Monarch
Hydraulic
PRESS

-FOR-

CIDER, WINE,

yi n <■- - — ■ - etc. Greatest ca

f pacity, best results with least power. Steel beams,
sills, etc. Great strength and durability, ijafety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Feature* Thla Year.

Gasoline engines , stationary , portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co'*. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask ror catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

Room 161. 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y.CIty, ,

CIDER «« WINE'

f MORE

GOOD

can be made from a given amount
apples or grapes with one of our
presses than with any other.

The juice will be purer and
bring higher prices, while
the extra yield soon pays
for the press. We make

HYDRAULIC"0*"

in all sizes, hand or power. 25
to 300 barrels per day. Also
Gasoline k Steam Engines, Boil¬
ers, Saw-Mills. Steam Evapora¬
tors, Apple-butter Cookers, etc.

Fully guaranteed. Catalog FREE.

TheHydraulicPressMfg.Co.

12 Main Street, Ml. Gilead, Ohio

or Room 1 24-F, 39 Cortlandt St., New

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

OUR FREE CATALOGUE

Tells all about our uo-money-
witli-order-plan, freight offer, two
year guaranty and 30 days
fre« trial offer. We sell
direct, giving biggest bug¬
gy bargain of the year.
26 years experience back of
every job. We make Open
Buggies from $22.60 up, Top Buggies $27.90 up, flur¬
ries $42.00 up, Wagons $33.90 up, Harness, $4.30 up.

Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

66

FUMA

■ ■ kills Prairie. Dogs,
' 'Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” 8o the weevil, but you can stop

Carbon Bisulphide "."“SE

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Every human soul has the germ of
some flowers within ; and they would open
if they could only find sunshine and free
air to expand in. — Mrs. Child.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . $2.50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, .50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New York.

Get it

from your

Druggist,

STREN GTH-GI VER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

48o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 17,

CONTENTS.

The Ritual New Yokkek, June 17, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Nitrate of Potash as a Fertilizer . 470

Potato Plight in Central New York.... 470

How to Cure Alfalfa Hay . 470

Western Readers Heard From . 471

Treatment of Moss-Covered Field . 471

Hope Farm Notes . 475

Crop Prospects . 477

Mixing Clover Seed . 477

Attracting Business . 477

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Testing Cotton-Seed Meal . 474

Holstein Breeders Meet . 480

The Cribbing Horse . 482

Surgery for Fowls . 482

Raising a Calf . 482

Use of the Babcock Tester . 482

Brief Dairy Notes . 483

A Plea for the Old Horse . 483

The Cash Value of Silage . 483

HORTICULTURE.

Fruit Growing on Rough Land (Con¬
tinued) . 409, 470

Climbing Cutworms . 471

The Steely Beetle on Grape Buds . 471

Improvement of Rural Cemeteries . 471

Early-Blooming Baldwins . 472

Nitrate of Soda on Strawberries . 472

Pecan Questions; Basket Apple . 472

Illinois Fruits . 472

Steamed Apples Esteemed . 472

Propagating Currants . 472

Questions From Tennessee . 473

A Cover Crop in Raspberries . 473

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 474

Lime the Tree . 474

Cloth or Glass for Plant House . 477

Budded vs. Seedling Trees . 481

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 478

The Rural Patterns . 478

Frozen Desserts . 479

More About Washing . 479

The Bookshelf . . 479

MISCELLANEOUS.

Telephone Right of Way . 472

Opening an Obstructed Ditch . 472

Ditch Causing Overflow . 473

Defective Land Transfer . 473

Impassable Highways . 473

Editorials . 476

Events of the Week . 477

Getting Rid of Bats . ; . 477

Business Bits . 477

Markets . 480

Publishers’ Desk . 481

Products, Prices and Trade . 481

Humorous . 484

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending June 10, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales In the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1. Western, Duluth —

No. 2. red. Winter . —

Corn, No. 2, mixed . —

Oats . . . —

@1.07%
@1.05
@ 58
@ 35
@ 80
@ 50

Rye .

Barley .

. .

FEED.

Wholesale prices at New York.

Spring bran . —

Middlings . 20.00

Red doir . —

@17.60

@23.00

@24.00

@21.00

@23.00

@26.00

@27.00

@35.00

@27.00

Corn chops .

Retail Western
Spring bran . . .

Middlings .

Red dog . .

Oil meal .

New York.

. 21.00

. 22.00

Corn and oats. . .

HAY

Hay, No. 1 .

No 2 .

AND STRAW.

. 75

. 65

@ 77%
@ 70

@ 60
@ 70

@ 55
@ 75
@ 60

No 3 .

Clover mixed .
Clover .

. 50

Straw, long rve .
Short and oat.

. 45

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.11 per 40-
quart can. netting two cents per quart in 26-
cent freight zone for places where there are
no station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 20 •% @ 21

Firsts . 20 @ 20%

Seconds . 18% @ 19%

Thirds . — @ 18

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. 20 @ 20%

Tubs, firsts . 19 @ 19%

Tubs, seconds . 18 @ 18%

Ixnver grades . 17 @ 17%

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 18% @ 19

Firsts . 17% @ 18

Western factory, firsts . — - @ 17

Seconds . 16 @ 16%

Lower grades . 15 @ 15%

Renovated, extras . 17% @ 18

Firsts . 16% @ 17

Seconds . 15% @ 16

Lower grades . 14% @ 15

Packing stock, No. 1 . 15% @ 16

No. 2 . 15 "@ —

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fine . — @ 9

Small, fair to choice . 8t/4@ 8%

Light skims, choice . 7 @ 7%

Part skims, prime . 5% (o' 5%

Full skims . 1 @ 2

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 20 @21

Fresh gathered, good to ch. 19 @ 19%

Fresh gathered, extra mixed 18% @ 19

Fresh gathered, firsts . 17%@ 18

Western, choice to fancy . 17% @ 18

Western, average best . — @ 17

Kentucky, fresh gathered . 14 %@ 16

Southern, poor to fair . 10 @ 14

HOPS.

Choice .

.. 27

@ 29

Medium to prime .

. . 25

@ 26

Ordinary .

. . 23

@ 24

olds .

@ 13

German crop, 1904 .

. . 56

@ 60

BEANS.

Marrow, bushel .

. .2.85

@2.90

Pea .

@1.75

Red kidney .

. .2.40

@2.70

White kidney .

@3.15

Black turtle soup .

@3.60

Yellow eye .

@1.95

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy.... — @7

Evaporated, good to ch . 4 %@ 6

Sun dried . 2 @ 4

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.40 @1.50

Waste, 100 lbs . 95 @1.00

Huckleberries . 10 @ 11

Blackberries . 6%@ 7

Cherries . . .

Raspberries

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, prime, Spy . 3.00

Baldwin and Russet . 2.75

Ben Davis . 2.75

Plums, Southern, carrier . 2.50

Peaches, carrier . 1.50

Strawberries, up-river, qt . 6

Jersey .

Maryland and Delaware.

Gooseberries, qt .

Huckleberries. N. C., qt...

Blackberries, N. C., qt....

Muskmelons. Fla., bu. crate. . .1.00
Watermelons, Fla., 100 . 35.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, old, 180 lbs .

New Southern. No. 1, lb.

Southern, seconds .

Asparagus, Colossal, doz . 2

Common to good
Beets and carrots, 100 bnehs. .1
Cabbage, Southern, bbl . .

Cucumbers. Southern, bu

Corn. Southern, 100 .

Celery, doz .

Egg plants, bu . 1

Lettuce, bbl . . .

Mushrooms, lb.

Onions, bu ....

Peppers, 24-qt.

Green peas, bu

carrier . 1

@ 13

@ 24

S.

.3.00

@5.50

.2.75

@4.00

@3.50

. 2.50

@3.00

@2.50

6

@ 9

4

@ 10

. 3

@ 9

6

@ 9

. 10

@ 16

. 7

@ 10

.1.00

@2.50

@60.00

@1.00

.1.50
. 50

@2.50
@ 1 .50

. 2.00

@3.00

. 50

@1.50

. 1.00

@3.00

. 50

@ 90

. 75

@1.50

.1.00

@3.00

@ 90

@3.00*

. 75

@1.75

. 10

@ 50

. 50

@1.50

@2.50

Radishes, 100 hunches

—

@ 50

String beans, bu . .

. 50

@1.25

Spinach, bbl .

. 30

@ 50

Tomatoes, 24-qt. carrier . 75

@1.50

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chickens, lb. . ,

. 20

@ 24

Fowls . .

@ 15

Roosters . .

_

@ 10

Turkeys .

. .

@ 12

Ducks, pair . .

. 60

@ SO

Geese, pair .

@1.25

Pigeons, pair .

. —

@ 25

DRESSED

POULTRY.

Turkeys . .

. 13

@ 17

Spring chickens, extra

ch., lb.. 40

@ 45

Prime .

@ 35

Com. to good .

. 20

@ 28

Mixed lots .

. 15

@ 18

Fowls .

—

@ 13%

Ducks .

. 17

@ 19

Squabs, dozen .

@2.75

LIVE

STOCK.

Steers .

@5.85

Oxen .

@4.35

Bulls .

. 3 25

@4 50

Cows .

. 2.00

@4.20

Dressed beef .

. 8

@ 9%

Calves, veal .

@7.50

Tai lenders .

. 4.00

@4.75

Sheep .

@4.60

Lambs .

. 7.5

0@8.50

Hogs .

. 5.80

@5.90

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Peppermint . 2.75 @2.90

Sassafras . 50 @ 55

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Wintergreen . 1.75 @2.00

Tansy . 3.75 @4.25

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots. Single bag

lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Nitrate of soda . — @48.50

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kainit, T? per cent potash. . . — @12.50

Dried blood . — @45.00

HOLSTEIN BREEDERS MEET.

The twentieth annual meeting of the Hol¬
stein Friesian Association of America was
held at Syracuse, N. Y., June 7-8. The pres¬
ent membership is 1,353, an increase of 173
during the year. Among other motions car¬
ried were the following:

To appropriate $500 for special premiums
at Western State fairs.

Appropriating $800 for premiums at Lewis
& Clark Exposition.

Duplicating premiums offered by fat stock
show to be held in Syracuse next December.

Prohibiting registry of cattle whose ances¬
tors are not registered.

Thanking the National Dairy Union for
their influence in regard to oleomargarine
legislation.

Authorizing the board of officers to con¬
tinue the system of premiums for officially
authenticated butter records and other tests
substantially the same as last year.

Officers elected for the ensuing year are as
follows :

President, A. A. Cortelyou, Neshanic, N. J. ;
first vice-president, Wm. A. Mattison, Utica,
N. Y. ; second vice-president, M. E. Moore,
Cameron, Mo. ; third vice-president, R. M.
Hotaliug; fourth vice-president, Horace L.
Bronson, Cortland, N. Y. ; secretary, F. L.
Houghton, Brattleboro, Vt. ; treasurer. Wing
R. Smith, Syracuse. N. Y. ; superintendent of
advanced registry, Malcolm H. Gardner, Dar¬
ien, Wis. ; directors for two years, A. W.
Brown, Unauilla Forks, N. Y. ; E. F. Smith,
Columbus, O. ; U. J. Gillette, Rosendale, Wis.

H. C.

HORSE WITH THE HEAVES.

Will you give me a remedy for the heaves
in horses? I have two that have it, and
would like help if it is to be had.

Cobleskill, N. Y. c. K. y.

Much confusion exists in regard to the
nature of heaves. Scientific veterinarians
are well acquainted with the affection, and
almost every experienced horseman is able
to detect the disease. Feeding on clover hay
or bulky foods has much to do in producing
the trouble. When the disease is estab¬
lished there is no cure for it, but proper at¬
tention paid to the diet will relieve the trou¬
ble to a certain extent. Turning on pasture
gives relief and a little raw oil, dark mo¬
lasses or Glauber's salts once or twice a day,
or one-half to one ounce of Fowler's solution
of arsenic once or twice a day, may give re¬
lief for a time. It should be remembered
that careful attention to the diet and water-

W ALL ACE PEERLESS

Gasoline Engine Sprayer

Simplest, most reliable and best constructed power
sprayer made. Fast displacing every other type for
Parks, Large Orchards, etc. Engino horizontal, not
vertical; famous Wallace type of pump. None to
equal. Sold as shown or mounted on truck ready for
work.

WE ALSO MAKE THE

ing is the best medicine.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

HORSE WITH ABSCESS.

I have a horse with an abscess on back,
about 10 Inches in front of hip, and eight
Inches from back bone. The abscess was
lanced over four months ago, and is still
discharging considerable quantities. Ilorse is
in fair flesh and feels well. We work him
about half of the time. Can you suggest a
remedy? g. e. c.

Auburndale, Fla.

Very likely your horse has a cracked or
broken rib, and about all that can be done
is to let nature do the best it can. If the
abscess closes it may be necessary to open it
again. I have seen cases that went two and
three years ; some recovered and others did
not. You can make a weak solution of
copper sulphate, (blue vitriol or blue stone)
by putting a half teaspoonful in a pint of
rain water and syringe out the sore; repeat
it the third day, and then only wash the
outside off with good soap and water, and
do not press on the end of the rib to break
it loose if it unites.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

WANT TO KNOW.

Wooden or Iron Pipe. — I am about to
convey water a distance. Would logs do as
well as iron pipe? What would be the last¬
ing quality of chestnut, red oak, hemlock
and beech or Black cherry? Would either
make the water taste? m. o. r.

Pennsylvania. _

Curing a Sucker. — On page 434 I notice
a reply to E. D. G., Massachusetts, in regard
to the cure for a sucking heifer. I can
give him a better one than that, and less
trouble. Just take the cow she sucks and
rub over the teats, each one with a little mo¬
lasses, just enough to make them sticky,
then dust on red pepper on each one, and
be sure it covers the whole teat. Turn them
out and see the fun ; she will never suck
again. It will do the cow no hurt, and it
will cure the heifer. Wash off before milk¬
ing again. This is our remedy ; we have
nad the same trouble, and have used this
same remedy, but once or twice will do the
business and hurts nothing.

Connecticut. J. f. williams & son.

WANTED to sell
For particulars w:
Nat. Silo & Lumber
18 Pymatuuing St.,

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers' clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

our
rite
Co.

Liuesville, Pa.

Cutters, Blowers. Engines and Hay¬
ing Tools. R. C. REEVES CO.,
187 Water Street, New York.

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box II, Coblosklll, N. Y.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK & SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

WE WANT TO BUY

1,000 Brown Leghorn Chickens. State price, point of
delivery. Hudson Valley Farms, Glens Falls, N. Y.

Wallace Junior Sprayer

which gets its power from both cart wheels. Com¬
pressed air, 85 gallon tank; high, steady pressure and
no cost to operate. The ideal sprayer for Nursery,
Vineyards, Potatoes and all medium work. No hand
work. Write for free book on Power and Automatic
Sprayers.

Wallace Machinery Co,

CHAMPAIGN - ILLINOIS

The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Cutter, your Thresher, etc., eas er,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like
manner. The ideal motive power for the modem farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO.. Rutland. Vt.

BINDER TWINE

83/" Farmers Wanted as Agents.

4> AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa.

WANTED

FIFTY GOOD BREEDING EWES, young stock.
Grade Dorsets or Shropshires preferred.

S. A. <fc F. R, WHEELER, Lockport, New York.

FOR SALE— FARM 222 ACRES

Johnson tp., Trumbull Company, Ohio. Fertile soil,
spring water, good fences, 8-room house, three barns.
Centralized school, R. F. I), mail. Immediate pos¬
session. Price aH20 per acre.

George M. Smith, C^urt House, Warren, O.

WE HAVE FOR SALE

200 Yorkshire Pigs at $4.50 and $5.50 each, and 250
Berkshire Pigs at $5 and $0 each. These Pigs are an
especially nice lot six to eight weeks old out of pedi¬
greed stock.

We also have three boars three months old at $15
each, two hoars six months old at $25 each, and one
hoar eight months old at $35. These are extra tine
Berkshire Boars out of pedigreed stock. Also twenty -
flve mixed Yorkshire and Berkshire Sows ‘with pig,
at $15 each. Hudson Valley Farms, Glens Falls, N. \ .

3,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale through¬
out New England and the South; "Strout's Spring
List,” describing and illustrating hundreds, many
with stock, tools and growing crops included, mailed
FREE. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau
St., New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

ATTFNTION~Nee<Un" male

I I E» I™ I I ll help of any kind-
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty
1. HKltZ, Qcul. Mgr., ^Montgomery St., Jersey Clty,N. J

DeLiOACH JPAT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle
^Planing, Lath and Corn Mills: four Stroke Hay
.Presses. Water Wheels. We pay freight,

^ DeLoacli Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta,Ga-

AW MILL

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

48 1

PUBLISHERS DESK.

So far the burden of evidence is in
favor of the table of contents. We have
not heard so much from it as we do from
many business subjects discussed in this
column, but all the letters received have
been in favor of the weekly index. Here
is one from a far western friend which
expresses the general trend of all of them :

I wish to let you know that I, for one,
appreciate your new departure in regard to
a weekly table of contents I believe this
feature will about double the value of your
paper to me in keeping track of articles which
I read and want to refer to later, which can
be done by marking them at the time in the
list. Your paner of May 27 came to-day, and
is already read through, and its table of con¬
tents marked for filing. I hope you will not
fail to continue this feature. I have not been
a subscriber to The R. N.-Y. for a very long
time, but I hope to be. Your paper has
proved to be the best of its kind that I have
had the pleasure of reading. w. r. s.

Phoenix, Ariz.

The month of May is not supposed to
be a good month for subscription returns
for farm papers or publications of any
kind ; but our increase for May over the
same month last year was 38 per cent
gain. The returns as a whole, of course,
did not aggregate as much as during the
Winter month ; but the percentage of gain
for the month was the largest increase for
this year.

Sometimes old members of the Rural
family drop out for a while; but a large
percentage find their way back again ; need¬
less to say they are always welcome. The
following letter shows the return of one
prodigal son. We are frank to acknowl¬
edge a degree of pride in a letter of this
kind, coming as it docs from a man of
broad and successful business experience :

I come seeking admission into the fold once
more. I have been “awful lonesome” since I
left you. If you will admit me you will find
enclosed one dollar for your valuable paper
one year. t. r. m.

Pocomoke City, Md.

Following are two brief notes received
this morning among many others, express¬
ing appreciation of “The Business Hen”:

I beg leave to acknowledge the prompt re¬
ceipt of your very interesting and practical
book, “The Business lien." It smooths out
many stumbling blocks in the way of an ama¬
teur in poultry raising. Accept my thanks.

New Rochelle, N. Y. f. b.

“The Business lien" reached me ; am great¬
ly pleased with the book. Please’ accept my
thanks G. l. a.

Rockford. Wash.

Our purpose in publishing this book was
to make it a real guide and help to the
person who has had little or no experience
in poultry raising, and it is gratifying to
have this feature of the book so gener¬
ally recognized and so cordially approved.
There is no poultry book on the market
that gives the beginner the detailed in¬
formation found in “The Business Hen.”
If your copy has not reached you yet, it
must be here awaiting your renewal. We
will send it to you the same day your
subscription to The R. N-Y. for this year
is received here. It costs you nothing.
We send it and prepay the postage. If
you are not pleased with the investment
when you receive it, tell us so, and we
will willingly refund your dollar.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Asparagus Bunches. — “What is the stand¬
ard size for a bunch of asparagus?” s. t.

New York.

There is no standard size, though most as¬
paragus sections have a local uniformity in
this matter. I have noticed lots from some
localities which ran 4 V2 inches in diameter
at the butt end and others 3%. The length
runs from eight to 11 inches, probably nine
inches would be a fair average. There are
some lots of nondescript bunches, no two
the same size, not put up with a regular
buncher, but the figures given above refer to
professional growers who aim at uniformity,
at least for certain localities.

Canal Traffic. — Nineteen hundred and
four was a prosperous year for the Suez
Canal, the total tolls amounting to about
$23,050,000, considerably in advance of any
previous year. The number of vessels passing
through was 4,237, nearly 500 more than for
the previous year. In eastbound traffic on
our great lakes. May showed a very heavy
tonnage, 4,936,851 tons passing through the
Sauit Ste. Marie, Mich., Canal This com¬
prised 5,582.061 bushels of wheat, 4,806,670
of other grains, 4,332,736 tons iron ore, 558,-
586 barrels of flour, 16,686 tons copper and
1,365 passengers. The last week in May,
New York State canals carried 117,919 tons.

Fire Notes. — During May, for the United
States and Canada, fires to the amount of
$12,700,000 were reported. There were six
from $300,000 to $500,000, five $200,000 to
$265,000, live $150,000 to $165,000, 14 from
$100,000 to $140,000, 26 from $50,000 to
$85,000, 73 from $25,000 to $45,000 and 111
from $10,000 to .$24,000. In the list were
51 stores, 43 factories, 39 lumber plants, 12
hotels, eight warehouses, seven stables, six
lots of farm buildings, three churches, three
schools, two theatres, one saloon and one
poorhouse.

Small Fruits. — Jersey strawberries are
on hand in liberal quantities and selling low.
I have noticed but few this week that could
be called prime. They retailed at 20 cents
per quart. A very fair grade brought 15
cents, or two for a quarter. It was easy to
get clean, medium-sized berries for 10 cents.
The dry weather has written its name on
hundreds of crates, which makes clear the
great advantage anyone has who can irrigate
his strawberry field. A great many sanded
berries are seen. Sand on berries is a worse
nuisance than might be supposed. When
first picked most of the sand will wash off
quite readily, but by the time the crates reach
market the sand will be pounded into the
pulp or dried on as though glued fast. Such
berries have to be “peeled" before they are
tit to use, and those who have been beaten
on one lot of this sort are likely to look very
closely before buying again. I saw a man
looking at some large bright berries. There
was a little grit on them which made him
hesitate, but the dealer was sure they were
not sanded, and turned out a basket to show
his confidence. Those in the center were cov¬
ered with dirt, and the buyer walked on. The
man who picked those berries made a big
mistake. There have been some very fine
blackberries from North Carolina, which
brought considerably, more than strawberry
prices. The market is seldom overstocked
with choice blackberries. The huckleberries
seen thus far have been only of medium qual¬
ity, but some retailed up to 25 cents per
quart. An inquirer asks regarding the scant
size berry basket. The law requires that all
short of standard pints and quarts shall be
branded “short” in letters half an inch high,
but no provision was made for proper en¬
forcement of the law, and no one seems to
care enough about it to follow It up. All
sorts of baskets are seen, some a trifle shal¬
low or narrow and others with stuffed bot¬
toms or sides bulged in like a patent medi¬
cine bottle. These exaggerated frauds are
not very common, however, and the berries in
such packages are usually sold at a cut rate,
probably about their real value. The usual
crop of little green gooseberries Is on hand,
choice specimens of this fruit are seldom seen
in this market. h.

BUDDED vs. SEEDLING TREES.

Are budded peach trees more tender In
bud than seedlings? Peaches are all killed;
cherries badly Injured ; Early Harvest black¬
berries killed, and canes of Loudon rasp¬
berries killed ; Ben Davis apple buds slightly
injured ; apples generally all right.

Springfield, Mo. m. t. l.

I have always supposed that the buds of
seedling trees were the most hardy, although
I have no positive evidence that they are,
further than the fact that a few seedling
trees I have watched seem to bear annual
crops, while budded varieties often fail. The
prospects at this date are good for a crop
of peaches this season.

Tompkins Co., N. 1\ d. r. fease.

I have had quite a number of peach trees
come up where they could be left to grow.
From such trees I have had some very good
marketable fruit, but only one tree whose
buds were more hardy than the buds from
budded trees. I have had fair crops of
Crosby and Elberta from budded trees when
all seedlings but one tree were killed
by cold. Prospect for peaches in this immed¬
iate location (northwestern part of Worces¬
ter Co.) is very good at this date.

No. Leominster, Mass. s. r. w.

In southern Indiana, where both budded
and seedling peaches are extensively grown,
it Is the general opinion that seedling peach
trees are somewhat hardier than the budded
trees, as a class, and that the fruit buds
of the seedlings are hardier and bear more
frequently than do the budded. Just why
this is true I have never been able satisfac¬
torily to determine, that is, just why the
process of budding on the seedling stock
should make any difference In the degree of
hardiness of the same variety when grown
from the seed. In central Indiana peach
buds are practically all killed, and many of
the cherry buds. We think that there Is a
fair prospect for apples, pears, and plums.

Indiana. c. M. hobbs.

It has always been the Impression held by
many gardeners that seedling trees that
sprout nearby buildings are more sure to
bear annually that the budded, yet I know
of no instance that proves this. I think It
is more often that the seedlings are pro¬
tected by buildings than budded trees that
are planted. As to the peach prospects,
there are but few peach growers In this

country (Worcester), while on the Peninsula
there are many orchards. The best reports
show that fully two-thirds are killed; of
some varieties all are killed. One customer
reports that Champion and Elberta show
50 per cent of the live buds, while all other
varieties are killed in same orchard.

Maryland. orlando harrison.

I have been growing peach trees in Win¬
nebago County for 20 years, and have found
less than a dozen varieties that will stand
our climate. We have about 300 bearing
trees of five varieties. I have planted a
good many bushels of peach stones, varying
In quantity from a peck to five bushels.
Generally the seed has grown well. If I
can get them to live until they have been
budded and the buds have grown one year
the trees stand very satisfactorily, but I
have not yet found a seedling peach amongst
the many thousands grown that will stand
our bare-ground Winters. I would not advise
anyone to plant seedling peaches in this sec¬
tion of Illinois, with the expectation of get¬
ting fruit In paying quantities.

Illinois. s. E. HALL.

Speaking from limited observation, I
should say that budded peach trees are rather
more tender in the bud than seedling trees.
W'e have not yet learned to combine the
hardiness and vigor of the seedling with the
size and quality of our best fruit. I know
of no one who is growing seedling trees here
for the sake of what may be developed, and
those that happen to be planted in orchards
are not allowed to remain until fruiting
time. It would be better to plant varieties
of well known hardiness, than to take any
chances, on seedlings. The indications now
are favorable for a good peach crop In the
southern Michigan fruit belt. The yellows
have not been so destructive of late years,
and the carloads of lime nnd sulphur now
being sprayed will, no doubt, hold the scale
In check. L. W. ruth.

Berrlan Co., Mich.

As a rule the seedlings are most hardy In
bud, but the fact that a tree is budded has
nothing whatever to do with its hardiness.
All open or large bloom will stand a greater
degree of cold than the small bloom, hence
all open or large bloom varieties, whether
seedlings or Improved, are most hardy, some
more so tnan others. Such varieties as
Early Rivers, Amsden, Lemon Free and many
others, will stand as much cold as most
seedlings. Such large yellow varieties as the
Crawfords, Reeves, Susquehanna, and that
class are tenderest. There Is considerable
difference In the hardiness of the cultivated
varieties, even among the same class of
bloom. Most of the seedlings have the large
open bloom, and budding them would not
detract from their hardiness. I have not
made a thorough Inquiry in regard to the
peach prospect, but so far as I can learn,
most of New Jersey is all right; Delaware and
Maryland hurt somewhat; Missouri reports
nearly all gone. Charles black.

New Jersey.

A peach tree grown from a bud Is not
necessarily any more tender than if grown
from the pit, but it is a fact that the better
quality of peaches are more tender both In
less seedling. We have grown many bushels
of the finest quality of large rich yellow
peaches on seedling trees, but they were just
as tender in bud and tree as other choice
varieties on budded trees. The seedlings re¬
ferred to were grown from pits brought from
Connecticut in 1858, and these were grown

in Connecticut with but little variation In

form or quality for at least 50 years before
that. In appearances they resembled the
large Barnard, but were inclined to mildew
or fungus, and the last of the trees were
killed in 1898. The more hardy varieties,
such as Early Michigan, Kalamazoo, Chili,

etc., will endure about as much freezing as
the worthless seedlings, such are much more
hardy in bud than Crawford, Foster, and
the large round budded varieties. Peach
trees that are alive and have had proper

care are looking very fine, with the buds
nearly all sound, but many trees were killed
a year ago, and many fruit growers seem
to have lost their nerve, and neglected their
orchards. In fact, the orchards about here
that have been properly sprayed and cared
for are very scarce. In the most favored
localities there will probably be considerable
fruit even where the trees have been neg¬
lected. The yellows seems to be spreading
much more in neglected orchards than where
properly sprayed and cultivated.

Kent Co., Michigan. l. j. post.

POULTRY SURRLIES-

* The Kind that Make Fggs — All per 100 lbs.

Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; Mtco Grit tor
Poultry. 60c.; Mico Grit for Pigeons. 60c ; MtcoGritfor
Chicks. 60c.; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. *1.66;
8aul s Poultry Mash Food. 12: Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2.
Saul’s Chick Food, *2.50 ; Cut Clov er.ll .00 ; Clover Meal
*1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, *2.25: Pure Meat
Meal, *2.25: Pure Meat and Bone. *2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, *2.25; Pure Bone Meal, *2.25: Hemp Seed. *4.00;
Sunflower Seed, *5.50; Chicken Millet, *2.50. Cata¬
logue sent free.

CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N.Y.

If You Could Buy

a Poultry Fence that would turn
all stock and outlast the posts at
[ the price common nettings,
I wouldn’t you do It I The PAGE
| is mad of stronger wire, heavily
galvanized. It lnsts and is

_ efficient. Write for descriptions.

jfefay tarpAGF. WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.

Box 76 7, Adrian, Mich.

ORNAMENTAL FENCE
at an economical price.
Handsome designs ; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
ANCHOR FENCE &

MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and
prevent further attaoks.
In popular use 25 years.
Price 8 lb. Pek. SO seats. 7 lb. Pek. 01.00.
Send for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St., New York

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prin.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

POULTRY PAYS

When

Pineland Incubators

When Hatch them

Pineland Brooders

When Rear them

Fidelity F ood Feeds them

Send for Concise Catalog.
PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO.
Bex n. D. Jamesburg, N. J.

on Tnuoooooa

rUUL I n tjfefiaaj

©POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
rtpators, L/1V6 Stock, Brooders — anything — J
*Sit’s our business* Call or let us send you!
lour Illustrated Catalogue— it's free for the I
> asking— it's worth having:.

>Excelsior Wire <t Poultry Supply Co.,<

jDcpt. H.G. 26 <fc 28 Vesey 8treet. New York City t

oooooooooooooooooooooooocl
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

EGGS FOR SALE Selected, 75 cents

Choice fine laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Bairei
P. Rocks, R. I. Reds, S. C. W. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 98, Gt. Barrington, Mass

S, C, BROWN LEGHORNS SaSSKS;

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs, *1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
BUSH, R. No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

BUSINESS WHITE LEGHORNS

and unsurpassed in beauty. Eggs that Hatch.
Incubator Chicks *12.50 per lOO
HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio. R.F.D. 2.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES,
SALMON FAVEROLLES.

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverollo?” They are free.

J. H. 8VMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

C HOICK Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY. Box 8, Telford, Pa,

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan¬
dottes, K.C. Reds. McCain Co , B., Delaware, N.J.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

REKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks, $1.50 to *2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents and *1.15 for 11; and *6 and *8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings. 80 cents and *1 for thirteen: and *5 and *6 per
hundred. Largest plant vicinity New Yoik City,
80 pens, 2,000 layers. Cut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers Incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence Invited.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Oroington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in these yards

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

POULTRY NEWS

4 months’ trial, 10c. Box
R. New Brunswick, N.J.

PICKETS LOCKED IN CABLES

Can’t slip, but stretches perfectly to fit uneven
ground. Fine meshes at bottom fc

for little chicks.
A poultry fence

gro - -

High as you want it, 1 to 7 ft.
for all fowls that does not sag.

Wo soil dlroct to Farmers and Poultrymen.

Prompt Shipments at Factory Prices.

Mill's in Connecticut, Illinois, California. Write
for catalogue*

CASE BROS., I! Main St„ Colchester, Conn.

482

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 17.

Live Stockand Dairy

THE CRIBBING HORSE.

What can he done to prevent a horse from
gnawing his manger and the woodwork of
his stall?

Yes, we have had such a horse, had him
often, and never had a poor or mean
one, and never let the fault stand in
the way of purchase. In fact, they have
all proved superior workers. I got the
first one unwittingly, a big brown stallion
from the South, fat and rugged, but an
inveterate cribber. I experimented with
everything advised, from soap to red pep¬
per, straps on neck, sheepskin and zinc on
manger, till plowing and fresh dirt beat
them all; just let him eat what he
pleased. It seemed to cool the stomach
and check the desire. I have known town
horses checked in the habit by putting
turfs jn the manger. One dealer in this
vicinity puts up a stock of turf to be used
in case he gets caught or sees a chance
to buy one at a discount. One that he
treated that way was used for two years
on an oat and hay ration before showing
any signs of cribbing ; then the habit
returned. For temporary relief we rub
the upper gum with laudanum, but it is
not a cure, simply keeps them quiet while
it lasts. Leave nostrums alone ; they are
no good. The habit is not confined to any
particular stage of life, having known one
colt that began at two hours of age, while
some did not till 18 or 20 years old, but
it seems to be as a rule confined to the
male. Seldom, though rarely, does a mare
crib. Can anyone give the reason?

Litchfield Co., Conn. g. l. g.

she ate more it was simply stored up until
the crop dragged upon the ground. She
did not amount to much, but as an exper¬
iment I plucked the feathers over the crop,
and with a pair of sharp-pointed scissors
cut the skin about one inch long, then dis¬
sected it back a quarter of an inch each
side and opened the crop, found the straw
and removed it, after which the crop was
sutured with catgut and later the skin was
sutured in the same manner. I think that
were I to do it over now I would use silk
for the outside sutures. She recovered
nicely, and has since cut straw out of her
regular diet. 1 supposed at the time that
great care would have to be exercised in
getting the edges of the crop together, but
since that time S. P. Bulkley, of this city,
had a valuable cockerel get a piece torn
from the front of his crop, and before he
knew it a large part of the front of the
crop had sloughed away. He was so anx¬
ious to save the bird that we cut away the
dead tissue and sutured the edge of the
crop to the skin and then sutured the skin.
The bird made a rapid and permanent re->
covery. I would scarcely dare tell this to
strangers if several other people had not
seen it. The bird has been shown and
won a number of prizes since the accident.
I examined a hen, after death from the
hatchet, several years ago for a neighbor,
that had been much as described above,
and found several hard tumors on the
oesophagus and just below the lower open¬
ing to the crop; if that condition exists
the ax will be the only remedy.

Cortland Co., N. Y. ellis m. santee.

Cribbing or gnawing and biting the
manger is caused by indigestion, being im¬
properly stabled, and from not being sup¬
plied with salt. If the horse is placed in
a properly lighted and ventilated stable,
and supplied regularly with plenty of salt,
treated kindly and given exercise and
change of ration frequently, he will not
gnaw his manger. If from long neglect
or other causes lie has developed into a
wind sucker, there is no cure. He can
be prevented from indulging in this, how¬
ever, by putting a small strap around his
throat about where the throat-latch comes
and drawing it tight, but he will return
to the habit as soon as the strap is re¬
moved. A surly owner or groom is the
cause of many of the vices in horses. Left
to himself in a lonely stall he pines for
company. The coming of his master or
the one who cares for him is hailed with
delight, but too often his manifestations
of pleasure are met with a blow, kick or
oath. He learns to fear the coming of
man, becomes ugly and dangerous. No
animal responds to kind treatment in so
marked a degree as the horse. B.

Indiana. _

SURGERY FOR FOWLS.

In dressing a roaster recently I found be¬
tween the outer and inner lining of the giz¬
zard two worms about one inch long, and
about as thick as thread. Just where they
were was a dark red spot, and the skin
seemed to be decaying. The bird seemed
to be healthy, only that the comb would
sometimes be blue. I have also a hen among
the flock that reminds me of some flamingoes
when she tries to swallow, and her crop
seems to be always so full that it is nearly
touching the ground. I have fed some poul¬
try powders, and that has done her good,
yet not cured her from twisting her neck.
She seems to be trying to dislodge something
in the stomach. I should be very thankful
if anyone could tell me what is the matter
and some way of curing that. l. m. r.

If this hen be a valuable one it might
pay to open the crop transversely across
the upper margin, and see if the trouble be
due to an abnormal growth, or to some
indigestible substance that she has swal¬
lowed. I had a hen of that kind that had
swallowed a lot of straw from the litter,
and it had become wadded up and wedged
into the lower opening of the crop so as
to shut off anything leaving the crop; as

RAISING A CALF.

As a general thing, we start our calves on
a stepmother, after taking them from the
dam, and usually let. them stay on the step¬
mother until they are about two months old;
then we put them on new milk for a few
days, gradually adding a small quantity of
skim-milk until we get them accustomed to
it, then use wheat middlings and a small
amount of oil cake meal, commencing grad¬
ually and increasing as they grow older,
until they are about three months old, grad¬
ually decreasing the milk, adding a certain
per cent of water, till by degrees they get
accustomed to their rations of middlings and
oil cake and water. We very seldom have
any tendency to scours by this treatment.

West Chester, Pa. edward Walter,

USE OF THE BABCOCK TESTER

There is no Babcock tester used near here
now. The cheese factory that I used to take
my milk to thought of testing, but some
kicked and it was not used. One other fac¬
tory put it in but it gave so much dis¬
satisfaction that it was thrown aside. I
have never used it; have thought I would,
but so much said against it I have not used
it I judge a cow by her cream ; if real
thick, I keep her, but if not some one else will
milk her or she goes to the butcher. I know
of one factory that uses the tester that has
been the means of having less cows but a
great deal better ones. f. l. b.

Fulton, N. Y.

There is practically no butter made in this
section of northern New York, all cheese
and milk shipping, and here, I am sorry to
say, anything above standard has no value.
It is my observation in butter sections, or
where milk is valued by its fat content, that
farmers are using the hand tester more than
formerly ; at least it would so appear as
judged 'from institute work. There may be
less inquiry because the novelty has gone,
and the machine and its work is staple and
standard. It will have value if the milk is
weighed daily and tested, say semi-monthly
or once a month, and then acted, upon.
Testing alone without the weight is a waste
of time. h. e. c.

About three-fourths of the farmers in
my section are making butter, but I am sorry
to say, not one of them uses a tester of any
kind. This of course leaves them working
in the dark. I, for my part, would not
make butter without a Babcock tester. By
using the same I can learn my cows and
on what kind of feed they produce the most
butter. In a general way, I would advise
a four-bottle tester. If farmers would real¬
ize the value of a tester, they would miss
a good time now and then in order to pay
the price of it. A farmer without a tester
is like a sailor on high sea without a com¬
pass. What has been said about the tester
came from a manufacturing standpoint in
order to make sales ; the farmers have not
given up the idea, because they never had it.
They are in a rut and will remain until ex¬
perience teaches them otherwise. I feel as
if I could not say too much on this matter.

Gates, N. Y. j. j. w.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

ABSORBING

Will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints,
Bruises, Soft Bunches, cure Boils,
Fistula, or any unhealthy sore
quickly ; pleasant to use; does not
blister under bandage or re¬
move the hair, and you can
work the horse. ^2.00 per bot¬
tle delivered. Book 8-B free.
ABSORBINE, JR., formankind,
^$..°0 per Bottle. Cures Varicose
" Veins, Strains, Bruises, Etc. Mfd.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPAVIIST CURB

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
dtC.OO per bottle with written guarantee,
V Setnt for copy, eleo booklet and ecoree ol
letters on every kind of case and lanienesa. De¬
scribe yonr own case.

At all drugglet* and dealera or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

SI. 00 per Box, by Mail,

SP AVI IN OF cr

CURES 1

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Windgall,
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Sores. Pollevii, Scratches,
ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un¬
natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
and clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL, AFTON, N.T.
For Horses and Cattle.

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

E. K. & H. J. AVeleher, Newark, N.Y.

After all other Liniments, then
buy Pratts. It never fails.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

HO MORE BLIND HORSES.— For Specific Oph¬
thalmia, Moon Blindness, and other Soie Eyes,
BARRY GO., Iowa City, Iowa, have a sure cure.

FOR SALE

MALE AND FE-
. _ _ MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs 01
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

0. 1.C

prices.

Cloverdale Herd.

1 all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs, 5

H. L. BEADLE, Valley Fall

Recorded Stock,
Pigs. Write for
s, N. Y.

0. 1. c.

Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason¬
able. Van DorenBros., Lysander, N.Y,

0.1. c.

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Best strains bred from
Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit, Pa.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES 8”32X

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mlcb

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, ISA up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D., Lake Co., Ohio.

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug. Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshircs and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and priee-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WIL.L.OTJG-HBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

FOR SALE. Pure Wood Cheshire Pigs from prize
winning sow at Syracuse State Fair, four weeks
old. Price $4 each. Decker Chaffee, Liberty, N. Y.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

GEBNEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey buli
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported COWS.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK M1NORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

VfT Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

HOLSTEIN GULL

FOR IMMEDIATE USE

"FR1CKASON,” Born Feb. 13, 1904. A fine individual,
nicely marked, two-thirds black, well grown. Sire,
“Mutual Friend 3ds Paul,’’ a son of "Paul DeKol” and
"Mutual Friend 3d.” 22.13.3. Dam made 13.2 at three
years. Her Sire has 3 A. R. O. daughters.

Oakland Farm. T. A. Mitchell,' Weedsport, N.Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.'

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holsfein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl WayneB Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N. V.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A
few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages. Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y-

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lprd Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Headed by the two greatest Service Built in the
world. Is the largest herd in the world.

Offers special bargains in

SERVICE BULLS

Cows, Heifers and Calves. You can get anything you
want at Star Farm. Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson , Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

HOLSTEIN - FRIESIAN BULLS
READY FOR IMMEDIATE SERVICE

FOR SALE CHEAP

Count Oatka Corona Spofford, No. 36117; born Feb.

24, 1904; Dam, Oatka Princess 2d, No. 55848.
Corona Spofford Netherland, No. 36122; born May 22,
1904. Dam, Salzell Netherland 2d, No. 58254.

All sired by Corona Spofford Pietertje, No. 30160.
Above animals are perfectly marked, weigh between
700 and 800 pounds; are from best cows in herd of
over 40 head; guaranteed perfect in every particular.
Will sell at farmers’ prices. Inquire P. B. McLennan,
Syracuse, N. Y., or R. DeForest Dorchester, Manager
McLennan Stock Farm, Ischua, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

WHITE SER! NOS EARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 503.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie, 476.3 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Fiorham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
ami second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rueal New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

„ YOUCAN’T afford a grade

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

REGISTERED JERSEYS— 4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.; 7
Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St, Lambert Strain. “Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

Western Horsesl Mules

Our sales will begin about July i of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
you posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky-

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

483

BRIEF DAIRY NOTES.

Late last Summer we were feeding the
cows fresh mown rowen in the barn nights,
and Saturday struck into the best piece
we had and brought in enough for two
feeds. While feeding that night we
thought what an extra good treat we were
giving them of rich clover just in blos¬
som, but soon noticed that none of them
scarcely was eating it, just smelling of it
and quietly turning up their noses, and
there it stayed until we cleaned out the
mangers in the morning. This was a new
proposition, but we remembered we had
given this field a heavy coat of manure as
soon as the first cutting of hay was taken
off, and the grass was probably tainted by
it. We had to take it all out of the barn
and cure it and the rest of the field for
hay. Something new turns up every day.

We were recently handed the annual
statement of the Simsbury, Conn., Cream¬
ery. This is one of the smaller co-oper:
ative creameries, which does a small but
safe business. There are 64 patrons fur¬
nishing cream, and these keep a total of
about 600 cow. They were paid for but¬
ter fat 28 1-12 cents per pound, receiving a
total of $28,614.39. Total expense for
making, which includes collecting cream,
making butter, delivery of same, collec¬
tions and management was V/\ cents per
pound, which is much below the average.
The cows averaged to make 212 pounds
of butter each per year. This seems small,
but is considerably above our State aver¬
age, and is very good for the average run
of dairies.

Every Spring he gets the “moving
fever.” If a renter he hunts up a new
place, or if he has bought the farm he sees
glorious chances in some new place, and
sells at a sacrifice in order to try a new
field. These moves cost a lot of money
and time, and when he gets fairly settled
and the hang of the farm he pulls up
again. He has to have new machinery
every time he moves. Often has to raise
crops with which he is not familiar, and
has to hunt up new customers ; all this to
satisfy that insatiable greed for change.

I have considerable respect for the man
who wouldn’t sell his home, though of¬
fered twice what its market value would
seem to be.

We were offered a car of rape seed
meal with a guaranteed analysis of 23
per cent protein and seven per cent fat,
which is just the same as genuine Buffalo
gluten feed. The price was reasonable
and the sample looked good and tasted
good, although we don’t take much stock
in tasting feeds; prefer to let the old cow
do that. Looks, feels and tastes similar
to linseed meal, so we were interested,
and looked it up in our books on feeding.
Not a word could we find concerning its
use and value and so tried our experiment
station. They report its being used in
Germany ; could not find of its being used
here ; that it resembles oil meal ; that cows
do not take to it readily, but have to be
“broke in;” that if fed in quantities larger
than three pounds per day it is liable to
taint milk; also that it is frequently adul¬
terated with mustard seed. We should
really like to try it, but -

He lives in town, has a little land, and
keeps two or three fine Jersey cows. He
came to the house the other day and said :
“I want a load of good early cut hay.”
We had to tell him that we needed all of
that kind for our own use; that we had
hay, choice bright Timothy, but that was
not the kind he was looking after. He
wanted hay for milk, and knew that kind
didn t have milk in it. We told him that
no good farmer would sell him his best
early-cut hay. He said: “The trouble
with most of them is they don’t know what
real early-cut hay is. They let it stand
until it s almost ready to fall down before
they cut it. Hay cut in July and August
isn’t early-cut hay. T bought a load of a
man that he called early, but cows shrunk
up right off.” You can’t fool the cows,
even if you can deceive their owner.

Names of Feeds.— I have received the

following letter from R. W. Chapin, Buf¬
falo, N. Y. :

We note your article in The R. N.-Y.,
wondering why feeds are put out under so
many different names. The reason is plain.
When a man sells gluten feed or distillers’
grains the price on his article of manufacture
is immediately set by any worthless or in¬
ferior article which sells under the same
general name. Our Ajax Flakes, Merchants’
and Manhattan feeds are so branded be¬
cause the manufacturers won't sell their
goods except under their own brands, and
are all what is known as “alcohol” grains,
in which the starch is taken from the corn,
leaving the highest content of protein.
There are other distillers’ grains, ranging
from 16 to 28 per cent protein, according to
whether they are made of rye, barley and
other cereals as well as corn, and some
manufacturers mix high-grade grains with
the low grade. You can see if the manufac¬
turer did not put a proprietary name on his
feed he would be at the mercy of any un¬
scrupulous seller, notwithstanding all the
feed laws. h. G. MANCHESTER.

A PLEA FOR THE OLD HORSE.

This last Winter I frequently saw an
old horse, lame and stiffened by years of
hard work, turned out to pick his living
in the cold and snow-covered fields. No
shelter had lie by night, no feed but what
he picked. He had been some one’s faith¬
ful servant for years, but now of no more
service. There was no one to care for
him. I pitied him, but could not aid. But
it made me think more kindly of our old
Jake, and resolved never to turn him out
in like manner in his old days. Jake was
born on our farm 20 or more years ago.
He started to work for us when he was
three years old. Worked three days only,
then he started to take my two girls to
school, aged 12 and eight years. It
seemed quite a risky thing to do to drive
a colt that had been driven only that little
time and only once alone. Some said:
“Davis is a fool to trust his girls with a
colt that way.” But I believed Jake to
be honest and trusty. He did not disap¬
point me. For five years Jake took the
girls to school Winter and Summer,
through all kinds of weather and over all
kinds of roads, with never a breakdown,
runaway, or accident of any kind. Jake
was an intelligent horse, knew just how to
do whatever task we set him to. I never
had any trouble with Jake ; always ready,
no matter when I wanted him to go; if
the day was fair and roads were good, or
if it was night and stormy and roads the
worst, Jake would go and go his best. If
I had a hard day’s work to do Jake did it.
If I wanted to go on a drive Jake would
go, and often showed himself off in great
style. He was a very handsome horse,
and for a Clyde a lively one. At those
times we were proud of him. How well
I remember the many pleasant drives I
have had with him. If I had a big load
to pull he was hitched to it and pulled it.
I knew he would. Often there came to
our house lots of children. They must
have a horseback ride, so Jake would be
brought out. He had a reputation among
the children, and how they gathered
around and on him; they enjoyed those
rides greatly, and they always got through
without anyone getting hurt. Jake was
the horse I used to ride after the mail be¬
fore R. F. D. came. Think what news in
those 20 years he has brought me. I al¬
ways talked a good deal to him. It was
a pleasure to me, and I believed he liked
to hear me. Jake’s work days are nearly
over. He only helps when we are
very busy. Occasionally he and I have a
gentle little drive. We seem to get along
so well together. I read in a farm jour¬
nal the other day an article from a prom¬
inent writer advocating killing the old
horses. "What,” I said, “murder that
faithful old servant after toiling all these
years for me! Kill him, he who helped
educate my children, who helped me build
my barns and make a home ; helped me
raise my crops and helped me pay my
debts ! Kill the horse that brought the
doctor on one of the worst storms and
roads for years, and helped save a life?”
There may be possibly a few dollars made
or saved by killing him. But where would

be my charity, where would be my grat¬
itude? No, that gentle old horse that
has served me uncomplainingly and has
been such a trusty, faithful servant, yes,
more, a companion so long, I think he has
earned an age of ease by a life of toil, and
I think I shall take pleasure in seeing him
enjoy himself, and patting and talking to
him as of old. byron davis.

Iowa. _

THE CASH VALUE OF SILAGE.

I have had experience in selling silage
from the silo by the ton. This silage was
made from yellow dent corn that would husk
100 baskets of ears of corn to the acre, the
entire crop being put into the silo. The

Tuttle’s Elixir

$100.00 REWARD.

Cures all species of lameness ,
curbs , splints, contracted
cords, thrush, etc. , in horses.
Equally good for internal
use in colic, distemper, foun¬
der, pneumonia, etc. Satis¬
faction guaranteed or money
refunded. Usedandendorsed
by Adams Express Company.
SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

TIITTIiK’S FA MILT KMXIIl Cutes rheumatism, sprains,
bruises, etc. Kills pain instantly. Our 100-page
book, “ Veterinary Experience,” Free.

TOTTIjK’S KMXIR CO., 80 Beverly 8t., Bsston, lass.

Beware of eo-called Elixirs- none genuine but Tattle’s,
void all blisters: they offer only temporary reliaf if any.

silage was well preserved, and of good qual¬
ity. I sold it at an auction sale for $2 per
ton. The purchaser drew it on sleighs eight
or nine miles, having first put it into sacks
and weighed it. He had a silo at home near¬
ly empty, and the purchased silage was put
Into his own silo, treading it down as firmly
as possible. He fed it out at once, and as
the silage had kept well, it was relished by
his stock. I would state, however, that the
weather was cold, being the last of February.
The expense in moving the silage was not
quite so much as it would have been to move
an equal amount of hay. The buyer was
well pleased with his purchase, and consid¬
ered the silage worth more to him than hay
would have been at $8 per ton. j. b.

Pompeii, Mich.

Referring to the question about the selling
price of silage, page 396, I have known of
two cases w’here it has been sold at public
sale 'on account of sickness. One parcel
sold at near 50 cents per ton and the other
two or three years later when feed was
scarce sold for about $2.25 per ton, and that
was hauled over three miles. e. w. s.

Ohio. _

A fly and a flea in a flue

Prevents and cures disease
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

If you skim bv the old getting method yon leave
cream in the skim milk which you feed to your
stock. This is in reality feeding butter, which you
cannot afford to do. A National Separator will
take all the butter fatout of your milk. It will in¬
crease the butter production one-flfth. It will give
you warm sweet skim milk for feeding. The

Were imprisoned. Now what could they do?
Said the fly: “Let us flee!”

“Let us fly,” said the flea —

So they flew through a flaw In the flue.

— Puck.

. V.r-.THE
V:: ANIMALS'

- -iy- - ^ ’•"•'FRIEND

" Kills every fly it strikes,

’ when either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. £hoo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely harmless to manor
beast. Cures all sorea, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cow a
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any imita-

_ tion. Halfcent's worth saves

3 quarts milk and much flesh. NO LICE in poultry house or any
placeitisaprayed. Ifyour dealer docs notkcepShoo-Fly(made in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough Shoo-Fly to protect 200cows. Nameexp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50cows in few minutes.

SHOO-FLY MF’G. C0.t 10*26 Fairmount. Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Bhoo-Fly is O. K.

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

skims to a trace. It has a very
simple bowl construction, making
It easy to wash. Itisalsotheeasieso
running of all separators. Write
for our Book 50, telling more.

Monthly Payment Plan.

When desired, the National
Separator can be purchased on
our easy payment plan. This
ilan requires no payment until
the Separator has proven its
worth after five days’ trial.
Then comes a small cash
payment; the balance In
easy monthly instalments.

IJATIOKAL DAIRY MACHIXE CO.
NEWARK, N. J.

n-'pH Western A cents:

’ Hastings Industrial Co.,

LsSolle A Lake Sto., Chicago, 111.
I Desirable Agents
wanted In unoccupied territory.

BEST OF SEPARATORS
ACTUALLY FREE
OF GOST.

1;

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

This is reallv the fact in the purchase of a DE
LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR. Any reputable
erson may buy a I)E LAVAL machine on such
iberal terms that the machine actually DaVS
for itself.

And it not only does this the first year, in which
it saves its cost, but goes on doing it for fully twentj'
years to come. In tne face of these facts buying
trashy “cash-in-advance” separators, or any other
than the best, is penny wise, dollar foolish. Such
machines quickly lose their cost instead of sav¬
ing it, and then go on losing instead of saving.

There is no possible reason why any buyer of a
Cream Separator should be content with less than the
DE LAVAL, and there never was a more promising
time to make this most profitable of all farm invest¬
ments.

Send at once for new catalogue and full par¬
ticulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph (k Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

8 & 1 1 Dmi mm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

484

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 17, 1905.

HUMOROUS

Have you heard of the nice motor car
Which papa one time gave to mamma?
They went out alone
On a ride of their own,

Do you ask if we're orphans? We are!

— Credit Lost.

“Now,” began the nioralizer, “take the
life of your neighbor, for instance. He
- ” “I’d do it in a minute,” interrupt¬
ed the demoralizer, “if the law would
tolerate it. He’s learning to play the
cornet.” — Chicago News.

A Never F iiling Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small

ay be had by using the

Improved Rider He S. r Pumping Engine and
Improved Eric? £7 i Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 yt~ hr d sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping ^ May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durah^ yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active rice.

Send stamp for "C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

SS Warren St., New York. franklin St., Horton

to Dearborn St., Chicago. Craig St., Went . Montreal, r. Q.

40 North 1th St , Philadelphia. 32 P111* St., Sydney, N. .

Tenl*»nt«»-Ri»v 71, TTavuna. Pnha.

“DarRinger, have you got a quarter you
don’t want?” “Why, certainly. Here it

is. ” The next day: “I say, Darringer,
that quarter you gave me was a bad one.”
“Yes, Bromley. You asked me if I had a
quarter that I didn’t want.” — Brown Book.

"Don’t you think,” asked Mrs. Old-
castle, “that everybody is affected more
or less by environment?” “Yes,” replied
Mrs. Packenham, “if they’re foolish
enough to take such things, but I al¬
ways turn down my glass and never touch

it. ” — Chicago Record-Herald.

Mother: “I wonder what Mrs. Good-
enough and Mrs. Snapper are talking
about?” Boy: “I know, I heard’m ; they
was talking about religion.” Mother :
“What did they say?” Boy: “O, nothin’
in particular; jest pitchin’ into the
preacher.” — The Ram’s Horn.

Mrs. Youngi.ove: “Be sure not to pass
that cake on the sideboard to the guests
this evening, won’t you, dear?” Mr.
Younglove: “Why not?” Mrs. Younglove:
“Because I made a mistake and put in
bluing instead of vanilla. It tastes queer,
but isn’t it a beautiful sky blue?” — De¬
troit Free Press.

The stranger strolled through the vil¬
lage streets until lie arrived at the ceme¬
tery, says the old story. The gravedigger
was hard at work excavating a grave.
“Do people die often hereabouts?” asked

— E C O N O M Y— — — — — ■

HOT-AIR ENGINES anVpower

for simplicity, durability and economy

IT SURPASSES ALL OTHERS.

WE will demonstrate points of superiority. If you wish a Power or Pumping
outfit that you can depend upon, that does not need a skilled operator, we
will send you one, through your dealer or direct to you on fifteen days
approval. That shows you what WE think of our engine. Wo sell to only one
dealer in a locality.

Write us for Catalogue D and full particulars if you are in need of power for
any purpose. Our prices are within the reach of all.

THOMAS <C> mVUTH 17-19 Carpenter St., CHICAGO
1 nUlHAO Ut iji'II 1 n, « 88 Hudson St., NEW YORK

OHIO -— Ensilage Cutters

will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it Into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters. Hence, they excel in the two most important points.

The new sizes will cut: — CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 14, 12 «o IS ions per hour In 1-2 Inch lengthm. Power 8 to 1 0 H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 18 to 20 do do lOto 12H.P. *

No. 19, 20 to 26 do do 12 H. P.

And they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 Self Feed Cut¬

ters, both with Blower and Chain Klevators.

More money can be made out of milk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 68%c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs Si. 05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage Sfin.nohj, with
Grain S2.46J4- State
Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay anil 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 40 per
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silago costs about $1.50
per ton in silo. Catalog shows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of ‘ ‘Ohio’ ' Cutters. “ Modern Si lage
Methods" tells everything about
silage from planting to feeding
and re8ulta. Price 10c., coin or
stamps. Manufactured by

THE SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO.

the stranger. “None of ’em ever died
more’n once since my tinK,” answered the
gravedigger, wiping the sweat from his
forehead with the back of his hand. — New
York Sun.

Tommy had been to the dentist’s, and
the hollow tooth which had kept him —
and the rest of the household — awake all
night was extracted. Later in the day his
mother was surprised to see him seated
before the trophy, gloating over it. “What
are you doing, dear?” she asked. “Why,
mother,” he replied, with glee, “I’ve filled
up the holler wiv sugar — and now I’:n
watchin’ it ache !” — Melbourne Leader.

‘Blizzard

mounted.

New and
improved
with Self
Feed Table

Ensilage Cutting Made Easy

The “Bllzznrd” is a perfect hay, straw and fodder cutter, and a
most efficient dry corn fodder shredder. Prepares green and dry feed
economically , and this means money for the farmer. For ease and con¬
venience of operation, the

BLIZZARD

Feed and Ensilage Cutter or
8hredder with Wind Elevator

has no equal. Elevates to any height or in
any direction. Strongly built ; lias no com¬
plicated parts; fully guaranteed. Write for
particulars how to get a ‘•Billiard” on trial.
DICK AGRICULTURAL WORKS, Box 69 Canton, Ohio.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson's lioumi brain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOHN H. JACKSON, 76 Third Ave., Alban?, N. ¥.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply ana
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

VICTORY FEED MILL.

Oldest and Best Grinding Mill
Made. Will crush and grind
corn and cob and all kinds of
grain, mixed or separate.
Grinds faster, finer and with
less power than other mills.
Are built strong, well made of
good material, and will last
a lifetime. Small size adapt¬
ed for wind and tread power.
Made in four 6izes for 1,4. 8
and 10 H. P. Free Catalogue.

THOS. ROBERTS,*
Box 93. Springfield, O.

Quaker City Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CCIIT Oil TDIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 30
wtn I Ull I niML horse power. Ball bear¬
ing, easy running. Freight paid. Send foi free

38th Annual Catalogue.

The A. W. Straub Co,

3737 Filbert St . Phila. Pa.
47-49 Canal St. Chicago.IU

Th OMi Portibli Enj,n#

OLDS ENGINES

Take Your Power to

Your Work

Insendlng out their last specifications fori
gasoline engines for West Point, the^ U S. 1
War Department required them *‘to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all
others or the D.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
•mall power engine made; fitted with either J
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing ail sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.,

N. Y. Agents, U. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N. Y.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing- Outfits on
Wheels

Thrre norse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
8end for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Our3-H.P.“ BEAT 'EM ALL"
Pumper, only $110. Our3h> to4-
H.P. "WATERLOO BOY”
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, - Iowa.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE! PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INOERSOLL, 346 I'lymouth St., Brooklyn. N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ILL

2 5 to 30 percent commission

to got orders for our celebrated Teas,
CoflfeeH, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Preheats and Coupons
with every purchase. lHAKGES I’ a 1 1)
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.

OUr ot

THK GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

I*. 0. Box 289, 31-33 YeseySt. , New York

c

THK FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN

SILO

1 If you are now keeping five cows, buy a Green Mountain
Silo and fceep ten. It will cost you no more to keep the ten
cows with a Green Mountain Silo than five cows without
the aio.

Green Mountain Silo-fed cows give more milk. That
means to you more cows, more milk, more money, and twice
as much profit. The Green Mountain is the very best of all
siloi. Our New Free Illustrated Catalogue tells all about it.
Write for it. Special discount to early purchasers. Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory. .

Note : We .re manufacturers and deaWs in Machinery and Supplies
for Dairy and Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

A Saving

OF

Wc Can Save
Money
for Yon

If you contemplate the purchase of a car¬
riage or buggy of any kind it will pay you
to send for our free catalogue and learn the
advantage of purchasing direct from the fac¬
tory.

Our plan of selling by mail not only saves
the bu}'er one-third in price but gives better
satisfaction as to quality, and broader scope
for choice.

We make and ship carriages and harness
to every State in the Union and have thou¬
sands of testimonials from customers who
have saved money.

We are the only house in the State of
Ohio selling direct to the customer who
actually manufacture the vehicles aud har¬
ness they offer for sale.

Whatever your needs in the carriage or
harness line we can save you fully one-third
on any purchase, whether it be a carriage,
surrey, road wagon or harness.

Our Money Back
Offer

If you select a carriage or harness from our
descriptive catalogue and are dissatisfied with
your purchase we will refund the money and pay
freight charges both ways. Secure our large
illustrated catalogue for complete information.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Columbus, Ohio.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3 hz H. P.1.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger &

400 Cherry Street

Wrights ville, Penna.

Get free
cata¬
logue
of full
line of
Imple¬
ment*.

EMPIRE ENGINES

8 to 25 n. P., mounted or stationary;
Sweep Powers, for 2 to 8 horses;
Tread Powers, 1 to 4 horses, level
or even tread; 6 sizes, Separa¬
tors, Feed Cutters, Feed
Mills, Hand and Power
Corn Shelters, Saws, Plows,
Steel and Plank Rollers.

THE

COLUMBUS

and Gasoline
Engines.

S i m p’l e, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for catalogue
No. 62.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PHTTCPQ
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage UUl I LllO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’LWORKS, Pottstown, Pa

Vol. LXIV. No. 2891.

NEW YORK, JUNE 24, 1905

WEEKLY, *1.00 PER YEAR.

FRUIT GROWING ON ROUGH LAND.

A NEW USE OF OLD PASTURE.

Promising Industry for New England.

CARE AND CULTURE. — As to the care of the trees
up to the fruiting age, Mr. Barnes says :

“We have sometimes grown certain crops for first
two or three years among the young orchard trees, but
that has not been our common practice, simply aiming
to give sufficient cultivation and fertilization up to
bearing age necessary to give us the desired growth and
vigor in the tree. We calculate that such land has nat¬
ural fertility enough in it to grow a good tree to time
of fruit production when once it has a good strong

to the tree at any desired depth. The turning of these
plows gives better tillage for the trees than the spring-
tooth, as it turns trash and humus into the soil, while
the spring-tooth drags such trash out of the orchard.

NEED OF HUMUS. — I asked Mr. Barnes if he is
not afraid that under this system the humus in the soil
will be used up. I have little fear of this under my own
plan of cutting grass and weeds and letting them remain
on the surface. If Mr. Barnes is to continue plowing
the orchards lie could use one of the “cover crops,”
which are stoutly advocated by many peach growers.
Mr. Barnes made the following statement about the
culture :

“As to adding humus, we think that on one of our

to bearing size. We are very much inclined to attempt
such a policy with one of our orchards we are com¬
mencing to plant this season.”

THE FERTILIZER QUESTION is a complicated
one in these orchards. A big, high-headed tree is not
desired. They aim to avoid too great a growth of
wood, and an experienced grower can usually calculate
about how much nitrogen the tree will stand. In feed¬
ing 30,000 peach trees on these steep hills it becomes an
object to use concentrated fertilizers, and thus save the
work of hauling useless bulk uphill. Last year nitrate
of potash was sold at less than $70 per ton, and Mr.
Barnes used this and acid phosphate on all the orchards
—old and young. The young trees had been killed to

A PICTURESQUE COLONIAL KITCHEN IN OLD NEW ENGLAND.

Fig. 204.

hold of the soil ; therefore we aim to get the tree grow-
ing vigorously as soon as possible, tilling the ground
sufficiently to give the tree full possession of such part
of it as it needs in its growth made each year. The
first and second year only a small part of the ground
is needed, while at bearing age the whole land should
be wholly subject to the requirements made. After this
we aim thoroughly to cultivate the whole ground and
feed strongly.”

Spring-tooth harrows have been used largely in the
past, but now Mr. Barnes has found an orchard plow
made by the Syracuse Plow Company which does ex¬
cellent work. It is a steel frame mounted on wheels,
and carries three small plows which can be worked close

orchards we did destroy the humus in the soil by ex¬
cessive cultivation. We have endeavored not to repeat
that experience. The last few seasons we have used
gang plows on this orchard, plowing lightly and turn¬
ing under the trash growth that starts up very vigor¬
ously. I believe that with the aid of these plows we
need have no fear of badly damaging the humus supply,
provided the soil contains enough of it to begin with.
1 he growing of some nitrogen-storing plant and adding
humus at the same time also is something we have
never tried to do in our orchards, but with the contin¬
ued increase in prices for nitrogen, as we buy it, we are
asking ourselves if we can add this to the soil in a
practical way while we are growing the young trees

the ground by the severe Winter, and several thousand
of the older trees had been killed outright. Mr. Barnes
thinks they turned disaster into success in the treat¬
ment of these frozen trees largely by the fertilizing.
'I'he young trees revived and made an excellent growth.
I he nitrate of potash was easily and quickly applied — •
a good-sized handful being ample for a large tree. This
year nitrate of potash is higher, and a combination of
unleached wood ashes and fine ground bone is being
used. The trees will be watched carefully, and if they
show evidence that more nitrogen is needed nitrate of
soda will be added. An expert can quickly tell from
the appearance of the leaves when the tree lacks nitro¬
gen, and the nitrate will often show itself in 72 hours

486

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 24,

after application. Mr. Barnes says that lime in some
form seems to be specially useful on these hill lands.
For this reason wood ashes of good quality make a
very desirable fertilizer. It is planned to use lime in
the form of ashes or bone at frequent intervals on old
and young orchards. Mr. Barnes plans to apply the
fertilizer if possible during the month of May.

VARIETIES. — Mr. Barnes gives the following state¬
ment about the varieties best suited for this sort of
planting. Thus far Mountain Rose is the earliest va¬
riety grown, and this is planted largely to lengthen the
season so as to hold the pickers :

“In regard to the Elberta, we have planted it on
about all grades of soil, from moist or heavy land to
dry, and by dry I do not mean sand, but dry hill land.
We get the best colored fruit and much earlier ma¬
turity of same (which means being ahead of the bulk
of the crop in the locality) from our driest, poorest
ridge land ; also smaller sized trees. We do not care
any more to plant Elberta on heavy soil except enough
to keep our hold on the market while Elbertas are
wanted. On the heavier soils varieties of the Crawford
Late class, as Chairs Choice, Globe, etc., also Reeve’s
Favorite, do well. Champion bears heavily of very large
fruit on such soil, but for good colored fruit of this
variety take the dry soil. We have planted very lightly
of the early varieties and with results not encouraging
to us as a rule. Carman — from the few trees we have
bearing — promises well, and our late planted orchards
contain quite a few trees of this variety. We are not
in a position to say that one variety is better than
some other for rough land planting, but assume not.
Our position is that certain conditions must prevail in
producing a successful peach orchard, but not necessar-
'■* ily a certain method. The tree must have enough food
to develop itself fully, and also for production of large
crops of fruit, also enough moisture. If not enough of
any of the requirements is obtained the productiveness
of the trees will suffer. Several ways of obtaining
or maintaining the required conditions we believe ex¬
ist, and most economical method may not be the same
in every case. Mountain Rose is the earliest variety
that we have produced so far in quantity. It is hand¬
some in appearance, and fine in quality, but rather
■ tender to handle nicely ; yet we know of no variety
better that ripens with it. Carman may be better, but
we want to go with it further before saying so.”

CONCLUSION. — It is difficult to describe these
orchards clearly. They should be seen to be appre¬
ciated. It will be quite evident to anyone who can see
the little trees as they start on those rough hillsides,
and also the bearing orchards, that this form of cul¬
ture is sure to influence American fruit growing. Land
which brings $100 per acre located 500 miles or more
from New York cannot long compete with this cheap
land within 100 miles of a dozen large cities. When the
apple orchards which have been planted by this method
come into bearing the beauty and fine flavor of the
fruit will be so marked that they will command atten¬
tion at once. In many cases these rough hills can be
made to yield larger returns than the level valley farms,
which have been supposed to be all that is left of New
England agriculture. H. w. c.

SOIL FOR INOCULATING ALFALFA.

What has been the result from using soil from an Alfalfa
field for inoculation? How is the soil taken from the field?

Mr. F. E. Dawley says: “We have sent out over 700
lots of soil from our field, and over 90 per cent of the
people who have received it report satisfactory results,
and in some cases wonderful results. If I cared to ship
as far south as South Carolina I could ship by the
carload, but there is no profit in it at the price I have
made on the soil, as I am destroying a field that is
worth from $150 to $200 an acre. In relation to the
method of digging soil from a field, I remove the top
eight inches, then take the next eight inches, which I
screen to get out the coarse stuff, and start it on. I
think that is the best method of handling it. The only
point is to dig it where the inoculation seems most
abundant.” _ _

SHORT STORIES .

A PUBLIC SPRAYER. — This is the fourth season
I have run a power sprayer, and I have sprayed equiva¬
lent to from 100 to 360 acres each year. I run the
engine and do the driving; furnish the gasoline and oil,
and receive $7 a day. I apply 2,000 gallons a day where
water is near the orchard; the engine pumps in lime,
vitriol and water. I maintain about 100 pounds pres¬
sure and use three large Friend nozzles, which I think
are equal to 12 small nozzles. These are all on one
stem, so only one man is needed to do the spraying.
I believe the same material will go about one-third
farther than when applied at about 50 pounds pressure,
as is often done by hand. As most people spray the
expense is 50 to 75 cents per acre for large apple
trees. I run about 30 days each Spring, and do about
20 jobs, ranging from 25 acres down, doing some twice

and some only once. The difficulty of several wanting
to spray at once is not as great as would be supposed.
The cost for gasoline and batteries is small, but I
find the expense of hose, nozzles, valves and general
repairs to be larger than would be expected. Several
men have said my outfit would cover their orchard in
one-fourth the time required with a large double-action
hand pump and a tank holding 250 gallons. It would
seem to me the hand pump outfit should do it in about

ri

THE BOY WITH THE HOE. Fig. 205.

three times the time required for the power rig. At
this rate the power sprayer would seem to be the
cheapest, but the main saving is in the superior work
done, especially on tall trees. wm. bugbee.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

TALL TOMATOES FAILING.— I would like to
know if the popularity of the tall-growing varieties of
tomatoes is waning. It certainly is in our locality. When
we first grew tomato plants for market the demand was
almost exclusively for Stone, Acme, Perfection, etc., and
but very few people would buy the Dwarf Champion
or Dwarf Aristocrat. When Dr. Van F'leet introduced
his Quarter Century we commenced to grow it, and
the result was so satisfactory we added it to our list
of varieties for market. Now it is very difficult to sell
a box of a tall variety, and we shall make no attempt
to grow the tall plants again. Grown side by side with
the much-advertised Earliana, it proved to be earlier,
smoother and finer flavor, and outyielded it as least
five to one, as it did the new Dwarf Stone. Through
good seasons and bad the Quarter Century has yielded
splendidly, and I feel sure it is the best variety grown.
It has seemed to me for some time that The R. N.-Y.
was altogether too modest about this tomato. Great
cl: inis are made for the Early Jewell, but there are

THE ROSE-COLORED CALLA, RICHARDIA REHMANNI,
MUCH REDUCED. Fig. 206. See Rtiralisms, Page 490.

many boxes of Quarter Century where the fruit has
set and some as large as a 25-cent piece, while the
Jewell is just opening its cluster of bloom. F. c. c.-
Sandy Creek, Me.

WHY FARMERS FAIL.— Mr. Goulter, of Michigan,
ventures the assertion on page 438 that four-fifths
of our farms are twice as big as the business capacity
of the owners. This may be true, but I doubt whether
‘the remedy suggested would be effective. Mankind
is prone to think that its successes are due to grit

and its failures to environment. About five years ago
a farmer in my vicinity whose work was never done
sold his hundred-acre farm and moved to a 25-acre
lot, retaining all the help that he had on the larger
place. His work now is not more nearly in line with
that of his neighbors than it was. And thus always a
good farmer will do good work under all ordinary con¬
ditions, and vice versa. i. s. H.

INSECTS CONVEY BROWN ROT.

In Bulletin 116 of the Kentucky Experiment Station
Prof. H. Garman gives an interesting study of insects
and plant diseases. He noticed that the skin of grapes,
peaches and plums was often cut and that frequently
brown rot followed the wound. He was, for a time, in¬
clined to think that bees were the culprits, but he has
learned that tree crickets and June bugs do most of
the cutting. The bees do not cut the fruit at all, but
follow where other insects have cut it and cat or suck
the pulp. Regarding his observations, Prof. Garman
says :

For some time I have been watching honey bees from my
hives at work on plums, peaches, and grapes, with a view of
learning if they actually cut the skins of these fruits. While
loath to believe ill of so estimable a little busybody, I have
at times felt that there was no other solution of the ques¬
tion. They seem to know the location of every cut skin,
whether the cut is fresh or otherwise, and once started,
never rest until every drop of juice of the injured fruit is
abstracted. But it was observed that plums that were
perfect in the morning remained so at night, and no matter
how close a cut plum hung to a sound one they never
touched the latter. To test them, I more than once re¬
moved cut plums from clusters, thinking that when they
found their forage gone they would cut the next plum. They
returned again and again, circling through the vacant
space, but in no case did they show the slightest disposi¬
tion to attack the other plums. Then I began to take paper
sacks from plums that had been enclosed to protect them
from rot. These plums generally came out of the sacks in
perfect, condition, and when exposed in the morning, re¬
mained perfect the following evening. But the next morn¬
ing some of them were generally with small fresh-cut
holes in their skins, and the bees soon came to them. These
observations persuaded me finally that some nocturnal insect
was the culprit. But to test the bees still further ripe
plums and grapes were placed upon the alighting boards
of hives, and although in this situation the bees crawled all
over them, they were never injured. In short it seemed
never to occur to the bees, under all temptation put in
their way, to use their jaws on the fruit. This seems quite
remarkable to one who has witnessed the effective manner
in which they use these organs against robbers and in
cutting the caps from cells.

Further study showed beyond any doubt that tree
crickets were cutting the fruit, while the bees were fol¬
lowing them. It was also found that the Green June-
bug will at times cut the skin of grapes. Prof. Garman
shows the peaches at Fig. 207 as evidence of what in¬
sects may do in spreading diseases :

Observations such as have just been recorded with refer¬
ence to tree-crickets and June bugs have impressed me with
the important part taken by these and other insects in the
dissemination of the brown rot fungus of stone fruits. An
examination of rotting peaches and plums has very com¬
monly. shown the presence of a perforation in the skin from
which the disease spread. In many cases these breaks are
traceable to insects, sometimes to curculios, sometimes to
tree crickets, sometimes to June bugs. But the rot may be in¬
troduced by bees following after some one of the preceding,
and occasionally by wasps and even butterflies that visit
the breaks to sip the exposed juices. And thus it hap¬
pens that the injury actually destroying the fruit is the
result of inoculation by insects that had no part in cutting
the skin. Of course any accidental break in the skins of
such fruits is likely to result in rotting if the fungus is
about the trees, but excepting in the case of certain varie¬
ties that are prone to split when growing rapidly, such
breaks are not very common. While a plum that has been
inoculated intentionally will in warm weather show the
rot the following day, one that is simply punctured but
not inoculated may lie for a week or 10 days without an
appearance of the disease. This has been the result at
times when the skin of a plum was punctured in a half-
dozen places ; from which it appears that rotting on the
trees would he less frequent if the taint were not carried
on the mouth-parts of insects. I believe they sometimes
introduce the rot on trees from which otherwise it would
be completely absent. _

A COMPOST FOR TREE PLANTING.

Wishing to start Citrus and other fruit trees in very light
soil (nearly pure sand), I purpose digging holes and filling
with compost. What commercial fertilizers shall I compost
with stable manure and well-cured muck to make a healthy
and quick growth of trees? What quantity shall I use of
each, taking 13 tons (all that is available here) of stable
manure as the basis, making use of the largest possible pro¬
portion of muck, and using chemicals to supply what is
lacking to make a complete tree food? Give name and price
of good work on composts. C. P. J.

Neptune, Fla.

A book entitled “Manures, How To Make and Use
Them,” by Sempers. price 50 cents, will help you. If the
muck has been well cured or fermented you can mix it
with the manure with three times its weight of muck.
Both the manure and the muck are deficient in potash
and phosphoric acid, while fruit trees require a full
supply of these elements. We should use muriate of
potash and fine ground bone — the latter in preference to
acid phosphate for that light soil. For each ton of the
combined muck and manure we should want at least 100
pounds of bone and 40 pounds of muriate or sulphate of
potash. Mix these chemicals thoroughly all through the
pile as it is put together. After the pile has stood
awhile work it over thoroughly beginning at one end
and forking it into a new pile. A mistake is sometimes
made in using raw muck. It should be thoroughly cured
or “weathered” before it is used.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

487

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

The Will of the Hen; Brooding.

The following extracts from a letter from Mr. Turner,
who owned and fed the banner flock of 500 White Leg¬
horns in the Cornell co-operative feeding experiments
two years ago, are given to show that exact and scien¬
tific knowledge on the subject of feeding for Winter
egg production is yet lacking. Here is a man who made
his hens lay uncommonly well during the whole of one
Winter, outdoing all his competitors by far. Now he
comes forward and acknowledges his inability to repeat
his success. He recognizes the division of the hen’s
year into two periods (the natural laying season and
the barren season) just as T have frequently done. He
claims that during the unnatural season for egg-produc¬
tion laying is “subject to her will,” while I claim it can
be made "subject to the will of man,” when we learn
how.

I have succeeded in pulling through another cold and rigid
Winter, and have the pleasure ( ?) of reporting a barren
period for eggs during the same time. I fed no wheat after
November, 1904, but abundance of barley with ail the cooked
meat and bone the fowls would eat. Their condition was
very fine; combs cherry red, happy and musical, a mental
condition not existing with their keeper. They would not
lay, although I experimented with some to the effect of giv¬
ing them protein matter in extra abundance. They simply
ate, sang and “loafed." Thus matters were until the latter
part of February, when I bought some western corn, and
have given them that to the exclusion of any other grain
since. When they were in confinement I cracked and ran
it through the fanning mill. Now on account of pressure
of business I am feeding if whole. They commenced laying
decently about the middle of March, and to the present date
have been very productive. I have had to reduce my stock
by 500, to make room for the young fry, of which 1 have
1,200 in 15 brooders, and they are the strongest, heaviest,
healthiest lot of babies I ever raised. I am experimenting
with them, and flatter myself that the cause of the “droopy”
wing problem has been discovered; at all events I have suc¬
cessfully passed the first and most critical of these periods of
which there are two, i. e., at three
and six weeks of age, the former by far
the most fatal. The latter occurs when
the feathers crop out from the back
of neck, near the head. For years
back much anxiety has accompanied
the advent of these periods in the life
of the respective flocks, and to under¬
stand my joy, in at last passing one,
and the most dangerous of these pe¬
riods so successfully must be experi¬
enced. This year until the third week
was reached and past I gave the birds
nothing but corn which I had cracked
in my mill and thoroughly screened to
the size of a large pin head ; thrown in
finely cut straw. I am now feeding
cracked wheat and corr in equal pro¬
portions hidden in finely cut straw,
with one ration of cooked meat daily
(at noon), sand before them constant¬
ly ; in fact, sand must be indispensable
from the hour they enter the brooder
until they enter the pot. I have used
up about 20 head of stock (horses and
cows) to my hens through the past
Winter, so you will see meat will not
compel the hen to lay. I am foolish
enough to think that, to a certain time,
the laying conditions of the hen are
subject to her will, and that if we
want Winter eggs we must influence
that will power to get the hen to lay¬
ing before cold weather sets in, for I am persuaded that
if this is not accomplished Mr. Roosevelt with his big stick,
nor Mr. Russia with his big navy, can fully persuade the
hen to be fruitful. henhy turner.

It is interesting to note that corn is giving such good
results, both with his laying stock and young chicks.

I put myself on record long ago (see “The Business
Hen”) as saying that two-thirds of a hen’s grain
ration can safely be corn.

We very foolishly placed our 60-foot brooder house
near our other buildings when it was built, so as to
have it convenient. I have never slept quite so soundly
when all those brooder lamps were in operation, and a
change in our insurance arrangements led us to hesitate
about putting them in use this season. Recently, how¬
ever, we decided to move it back 100 feet from the
dwelling house, and try what we can do with a thou¬
sand June-hatched chicks; 600 are already domiciled in
it, and we expect 400 more before the close of the
month.

I have usually attended personally to the hatching and
rearing of the young stock, though it has been the
most undesirable job of the whole year, principally
on account of so heavy a percentage of loss,
never less than 20 per cent, and some years
running up to nearly 50 per cent. This Spring
Jesse consented to try his hand at it. His first
hatch of 200 was placed one-half in a brooder and the
other half with six hens. All were fed alike, being
given a good proportion of shrunken wheat, and both
lots died in great numbers, until at four weeks two-
thirds at least were dead. This looks as though the
trouble is with the feed rather than with the brooders.
The next 600 were placed in six small brooder houses,
and have been fed largely on cracked corn and corn-

tneal. Probably two-thirds has been corn, and the re¬
mainder either oat flakes or wheat middlings, with
thick skim-milk for drink most of the time since they
were a week old. This lot is thriving wonderfully well,
with very few losses. The cockerels are now beginning
to crow, and the critical point seems to be safely past.
If he can succeed as well with June chicks I will take
off my hat to him, and, with Mr. Turner, say, “Hurrah
for corn in the poultry yard.” Don’t understand me
as recommending an exclusive corn diet. Two-thirds
may safely be corn, with wheat, oats, meat and milk to
balance it up. o. w. mapes.

AN OLD NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN.

Nothing shows more fully the change in methods of
living within the last century than the alterations about
the kitchen hearth, the heart of the home. A modern
cook would shrink appalled before the difficulties of
that open fire shown in P'ig. 204, first page. No oven
to bake in, no bed of glowing coals for broiling, yet
the Colonial cook surmounted these difficulties and
made wonderful dainties that can only be imagined in
these days of ready-cooked and predigested provender.
Of course there was a great brick or stone oven for
use on baking days apart from the kitchen, and various
forms of bread and biscuits were cooked in a bake ket¬
tle, which could be used at the kitchen hearth standing
in the hot coals, while the spit and jack took care of
the roasts. But while we have improved on the cook’s
battery we can hardly improve on the real beauty of
many plain articles of furniture or household gear
which have come to us from those long-past days. The
individualism that made every artisan an artist is shown
in the conscientious working out of every detail, which
causes modern manufacturers to go back to this period
for suggestions of high art in homely living. The
kitchen shown in Fig. 204 breathes this spirit com¬

pletely; in such rooms was nurtured the love of home
that developed into the broader love of country, and
the virtues that there found expression in simple do¬
mestic life have ever been the strongest forces in the
development of the Republic.

GROWING CARNATIONS AND PANSIES.

I wish to get some reliable work on growing plants, both
indoors and out, particularly pansies, Asters, carnations and
\ erbenas. This is quite a market for these plants every
Spring, and I may want to try for the trade later. Take
the pansy for instance; we get them here in baskets in May,
all in bloom, and I wish to get at the details of growing.

Maine. g. r. r.

My impression would be that Practical Floriculture,
by the late Peter Henderson, will give as full particu¬
lars as any work in print. A later work by the noted
florist, Wm. Scott, Buffalo, N. Y., is entitled Scott’s
Manual, and costs $5. The most recent book on car¬
nations is by C. W. Ward, and is called The American
Carnation ; price $3.50. G. R. R. does not mention
glass in his inquiry, but I presume he understands that
growing carnations without a greenhouse is impractica¬
ble. Pansies, as commonly grown, are started in August
and carried through the Winter in cold frames. Ver¬
benas and Asters can be started in hotbeds in early
March, if one does not have a greenhouse. While much
information can be gleaned from books, my suggestion
to G. R. R. would be, if he intends growing plants
commercially, to visit several establishments where the
particular line of plants he is interested in is grown.
Every florist has his own methods. Because one sys¬
tem is successful, it does not follow that another may
not be equally so, and he will obtain more valuable in¬
formation by personal inspection and an opportunity

to ask the many questions which will occur to him than
he can possibly get from reading. He will make fewer
mistakes, and know the up-to-date methods used by
successful florists. We had an amusing experience with
pansies some years ago. Many of our customers were
anxious for us to grow them pansy plants which
would be more satisfactory than the August cold-
frame plants, many of which did not survive,
being dug out of baskets, and gave an unsatisfac¬
tory amount of bloom. We therefore started the plants
in January and transplanted to two and 2^-inch pots.
They made splendid plants, and sold quickly for the
higher price necessary to grow them in that way. The
next season we prepared an equally nice lot in the same
manner, and to our surprise there was practically no
sale for pansies, and we threw out nearly the entire
lot. As our customers came in from day to day the
reason became evident. The vigorous plants had seeded
and reproduced .themselves so freely, and made such
strong seedlings, that all had pansies for themselves
and all their neighbors, and it was three years before
we had any inquiry. It is needless to say that we had
eliminated the pansy. j? o curtis

MORE ABOUT “HORTICULTURAL ADVICE."

I am interested in your article entitled “Samples of
Horticultural Advice, on page 438. The writer who
exploits the opinions of various people who were appealed
to confuses suggestion with fact. He asks for infor¬
mation on a purely opinionative subject, and he
finds fault with people because they differ in their
opinion of what would be wise to do under the circum¬
stances. If the advisory board had been gifted with
second sight, and could absolutely foresee what those
900 Ben Davis trees were going to do as to vigor, pro¬
ductiveness, and how the market was likely to receive
Ben Davis in the years to come, the councillors might
have been able to reply with suffi¬
cient precision to satisfy the scien¬
tific desires of the questioner. But
anyone who asks questions about
plants and animals, associated as
they are with constantly varying
conditions, must not expect that a
reply can be given in terms of
mathematical exactitude. Anyhow,
in the case before us the whole
matter is speculative, and one
might expect nearly as many
opinions as persons appealed to.

I am often impressed with this
phase of the query problem ; that
is to say, the wish of the questioner
to have positive and precise an¬
swers rendered. It is needless to
say that the man who replies to
questions of this kind is the man
who is not chary of his reputation
as a horticulturist or a scientist.

JOHN CRAIG.

R. N.-Y. — It seems to us that
if there is any one proposition in
apple culture upon which an ex¬
perienced grower ought to have an opinion it is as to
the future of the Ben Davis apple. Surely such a man
ought to know what he would do if he had 900 trees
of Ben Davis!

SILO OUTSIDE OR IN ?

In building a new dairy barn is it not better and cheaper
in the long run to add the few feet necessary to the length
of the barn so that the silo or silos may be entirely inside
the barn, covered with the barn roof and enclosed within
its sides? The greater convenience in feeding from the silo
inside the barn is a big saving, and there will not be any
freezing around the outside in severe weather. It seems
to me that counting the roof for silo outside, the painting
and chute between silo and barn, etc., that it is fully as
cheap in building a new barn to make it large enough to
contain the silo. Sfios put up where stables are already
built are of course put outside for want of room. I should
very much like to have the experience of some practical
dairyman who has handled silos for a number of years, re¬
garding the advantages and drawbacks connected with both
methods of silo construction. reader.

New York.

My 22 years’ experience with silos has been with those
built both inside and outside ; those inside built square
and as a part of the barn. I would not do so again,
preferring the round silo outside. If the building was
used and simply boarded up inside for the silo, the
cost would not be materially different, as near as I can
figure, but if a round silo was to be built inside the
expense would be nearly double. The silo would have
to be complete except the roof. The freezing offers
no objection whatever; unless the corn is allowed to
be exposed to the air for a time after thawing there
will be no loss in feeding value. If one had the barn
room and it was of no use, then a saving could be
effected if built inside. h. e. cook.

488

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 24,

A GUARANTEE FOR EGGS .
What Most Breeders Would Do.

One of our readers says he bought a set¬
ting of eggs from an advertiser who claimed
that the Plymouth Rock hens were from a
strain of egg-record layers, and that they
had golden beaks and legs, well mated and
free from a trace of brown or other tints.
Our reader paid $5 for 15 eggs, the dealer
guaranteeing a fair hatch. The eggs were
under a good hen. The tenth day three in¬
fertile eggs were found, one was lost, and out
of 11 eggs left eight hatched. Of the eight
chickens not one had both a clear beak and
yellow legs, some of them being very dark.
The advertiser refused to do anything but
duplicate the order at half price. As a
breeder of poultry, what would you think
■would have been a fair basis of settlement
as between man and man? If you had sold
these eggs, what would you have been willing
to do about it, and how would you have set¬
tled with the purchaser?

The Guarantee.

The above statement was made from letters
sent by the purchaser. The breeder sends
the following as the only guarantee he made:

“We guarantee all eggs shipped to our
customers to have had the best possible care
and handling from the nest to the express
office, and they are very carefully packed.
We do not guarantee any certain percentage
to hatch, because after the eggs leave our
hands we can know nothing about their hand¬
ling or management. We set a test hen each
week during the season on eggs taken from
each flock, and know the average percentage
of fertile eggs for each week. If that per¬
centage falls below 94 per cent we add
enough eggs to make it up. If a customer
_ fails to obtain a satisfactory hatch we will
meet his loss half way, and duplicate the
order for half price. Positively no order du¬
plicated free under any circumstances.”

Try to Believe in Honesty.

We try to believe every one honest until
proven dishonest, so ff we received a com¬
plaint from a customer like this we should
either refund the money and have him ship
us the chicks, or we would duplicate the order
free of charge. It is good business to satisfy
your customers, if you can, by any reasonable
expense to yourself, even if you consider their
demands unjust, as a pleased customer is a
good advertisement. It is a question what a
breeder is to do where the express company
is at fault, as where a box of eggs is re¬
ceived smashed. In this case it is better to
replace the eggs, and go for the express com¬
pany, than to leave your customer feeling
that the eggs were not properly packed and
vou were at fault somewhere.

New York. floyu q. white.

No Dissatisfied Customer.

Mere is a case in which it appears at first
sight as if the seller had misrepresented his
stock and wronged the buyer, but my expe¬
rience with Plymouth Rocks has taught me
that one may have elegant looking birds, per¬
fect as to color, size, legs, beaks, etc., and
not pet a. chick from them as pood as the
parent birds. It takes a great deal of skill
so to mate Plymouth Rocks as to produce in
their progenv the good qualities of the par¬
ents, and it is quite probable in this case the
birds were not properly mated to produce the
best results. I have no doubt that the adver¬
tiser described his stock truthfully, and was
himself surprised to find the chicks so lack¬
ing in desirable points as they were. I bred
Plymouth Rocks for several years, and went
through this same experience in my own
yards year after year. In fact, it seemed al¬
most impossible to reproduce in the chick the
desirable points of the parents, and thjfc was
especially true when the breeding rjfock looked
extra good. You ask : “What ought the ad¬
vertiser to do?” I ask what can he do?
He might send another sitting of eggs gratis
if that would satisfy the buyer, in the hope
that the next lot of chicks would turn out
better, or he might return the money. But
we must remember that the advertiser has
paid out money for his fowls, also for adver¬
tising, and that he is as much disappointed
at the way the chicks have turned out as the
buyer, for every seller would he pleased to
know that every egg he sold had hatched out
a first-class chick. What better advertise¬
ment could he possibly have ;

You ask if I had sold those eggs, how
would I have settled with the purchaser?
That question is easy. I wouldn’t have a
dissatisfied customer at any cost. I should
Save written him that he could have more
eggs or part of his money back, or all of it
hack. I should say : “I have described my
stock truthfully, sent you the best I have,
and now I will do whatever you say is right.”
T used those very words to a customer in
February this year, where a case of 360 eggs
got so chilled tbat more than 200 of the
germs were killed. They were packed in his
double case, with a two-inch air space be¬
tween Inner and outer case, filled with saw’-
dirst, and an inch thick felt mat on top, lids
to both cases screwed down. Of course it
was no fault of mine, but I furnished another
360 at about half price, because I like to do
as I would he done by. I don’t believe In
David Harum’s rule at all. either morally or
as a business proposition. By mating dark-
colored males and females T have bred Ply¬
mouth Rock pullets that were .ief black, and
I gave up keeping that breed because I felt
that I had not the skill to mate them so as
to produce chicks that would satisfy my cus¬
tomers or myself. oeo. a. cosorove.

Connecticut.

A Fair Statement of the Case.

We offer every egg on our plant for sale,
and accordingly every Spring issue a mating
list, pntting the prices upon same at what
we consider they are worth. Of course some
of the yards are marked high, hut are put
at what we consider the eggs worth to us for
batching, and if the public pay for eggs from
these pens we assure you we send them to
them. We guarantee infertile eggs ; that is,

if the buyers return the clear ones, express
prepaid to us, we will examine them and re¬
place all clear ones, and there the matter
drops. Lots of limes the buyers write us
that they have so many infertile eggs and
state that they do not want to pay the ex¬
press on such a long distance, and we inva¬
riably take their word for it. About nine-
tenths of the people are fair and the other
tenth are crooks, and will resort to any
method to make out the eggs are poor to gain
their point. We try to use every one in a
fair manner and do what is right, and in lots
of instances wuere we know we are absolute¬
ly beaten we have made replacements just the
same, and let it go at that. I think the man
who bought the eggs, if he has got eight
chickens from his hatch, has got as many as
I should expect, and if it were mine I should
never ask for a replacement of the infertile
eggs. I consider eight chickens from a set¬
ting of eggs a very fair hatch. I have paid
as high as $15 for eggs from England, and
got but one chicken from the setting, and I
was thoroughly satisfied at. that. As regards
their having clear beaks and yellow legs, no¬
body can take chickens up to the time they
are three weeks old and tell what their beaks
and legs are going to be. They change, and
especially in the Barred Rocks. I have seen
Barred Rock chickens up to three months old
that were dark in legs, but getting out and
running through the grass and the morning
dew their legs would change and come to a
good yellow. In regard to the question, if I
had sold these eggs, I would certainly have
told the buyer to return the infertile eggs,
and I should have tested them out. and if I
found them to be absolutely clear I should
have replaced the eggs free of charge. Wil¬
low Brook Farm tries to have each and every
customer a satisfied one, and we go to all ex¬
tremes to have them so. Therefore we prob¬
ably would do differently from some in trying
to have each and every customer satisfied,
but as stated above, I should think eight
chickens a fair hatch.

Connecticut. willow brook farm.

In regard to shipping eggs, I would refund
to the purchaser the entire amount of pur¬
chase price if the eggs hatched not as guar¬
anteed. C. H. ZIMMER.

New York.

I have bought and sold eggs for hatching.
As to the hatch of eight chicks, I should con¬
sider it a fair hatch, all things considered.
The offer to duplicate the eggs at half price
is fair: I have had a dealer do the same
for me. It is impossible to tell what color
youug chicks will be when mature.

Connecticut. h. w. ellswortii.

In regard to settling the matter with the
purchaser, I would think that it would be no
more than fair to duplicate the eggs free of
charge, as the advertiser received $5 for the
setting of eggs, when it was evident that his
stock was not superior enough to warrant
asking such a price, as they did not breed
true to what he claimed they would.

Ohio. FRED. KEYERLEBER.

If the breeder guaranteed his stock there
should he at least one or two chickens similar
to the parents, as you are aware they are
liable to be bred back to a certain extent.
Under the circumstances I believe the reader
got a fair hatch. However, had I been the
advertiser I would have duplicated the order
tat the price the buyer paid for eggs) at
least free, provided, of course, I was certain
that my customer was giving me the facts.

Ohio. e. L. KINO.

If the breeder guarantees a fair hatch he
should send enough eggs free of charge to
make his guarantee good. A fair hatch from
15 eggs should at least be from 11 to 12
chickens. The advertiser in this case should
send another sitting of eggs free of charge,
and in case the buyer failed to get chickens
with golden beaks and legs the breeder should
return the money. A man who pays $5 for
15 eggs has a right to expect what he pays
for. A man should be reasonably sure that
his stock is first-class before he advertises It
as such. J. R. WINN.

New York.

I think the purchaser had a fair hatch; 11
fertile eggs out of 14 is certainly all any
breeder would guarantee. Their being dark
is no objection, but rather an advantage to
the purchaser, as the darkest W. Rock
chicks make the whitest hens, and their beaks
and legs may both be golden when mature.
The breeder offered what is the usual dis¬
count. one-half, which in my judgment is
fair, provided his stock will warrant his ask¬
ing price, $5 per 15. It must be strictly first-
class to command such prices. I think this
breeder did what most breeders would have
done under like circumstances, and no doubt
if he had written the purchaser explaining
the peculiarities of the W. R. chicks he
would have had no difficulty in making a
satisfactory settlement. The purchaser paid
a good price for his eggs, and has a right to
expect good results, and every chick (when
mature) that does not possess a golden beak
and golden legs should be replaced, free of
charge, by the breeder. Isaac c. clark.

New Y*ork.

The hatch was a fair one, as eight chicks
would be considered fairly good, and I would
not think any more could be asked for ; only
the chicks seem not to be what the pur¬
chaser bought. In that case, duplicating the
order at half price or any price would not
give the customer what he bought, unless the
eggs were sent from another pen. I would
think a fair basis of settlement would be to
return the money, as the chicks were not
what was expected. You ask if I had sold
the eggs what would I he willing to do about
it. In the first place, I would not have sold
those eggs, as I do not think the impossible
ought to be claimed, or rather, I think one
should only claim what he has, not overdraw
to get orders and then not live up to the de¬
mands. How I think such things ought to
be settled is for any one offering anything
for sale to offer only what he has and can
deliver, and then if eggs are guaranteed to
give a fair hatch, not to offer to duplicate at
half price, but to send another lot, free which
I do without question. d. a. mount.

New Jersey.

I have had but one instance in any way
similar to the one you refer to. There was
i poor percentage of hatch, about six out of
15, and the chicks were White Wyandottes.
They showed several black feathers. I of¬
fered to send a new setting free of cost, or
send six of my own chicks of same age and
nine eggs free, taking the six chicks they had
hatched which they claimed had black
feathers. This is the rule I would have in
every case ; possibly some would see the way
for dishonest persons to cheat me by making
false statements as to number of hatch and

as to chicks. This may be so, but I have no
hesitancy in carrying out my above rule and
taking my cuances with dishonest customers.
In the case I mention above the buyer took
the new setting of eggs free in place of the
six chicks and nine eggs free, my offer being
that he should return the chicks to me first
and at my expense. I have always felt had
it been me, I should have preferred the chicks
and eggs, and not raised any black feathered
\\ hite Wyandottes. One must, however, al¬
ways bear in mind that as in case of the per¬
son you mention, who had paid $5 for the
setting of eggs, that it is not infrequent to
have Plymouth Rocks with pale or dark legs
or beak, even when bred from most perfect
specimens, but all of the eight should not
have been dark ; some surely should have
had clear beaks and yellow legs.

New Jersey. locust farms.

Lime Needed Here.

F. N., Farmington, Conn. — I want to buy
air-slaked lime by the ton to put on land to
kill the acid. I have tested my soil wdth
litmus paper, and it only takes about 10 min¬
utes to turn the blue paper pink. I have sown
clover now for six years and failed every
time.

A ns. — Both tests indicate the need of
lime, though of course there are other
reasons for the failure of clover to grow.
The pink color of the litmus paper is a
good sign. Very likely clover will “come
in” after liming.

Fighting the Asparagus Beetle.

Reader (No Address). — We are very much
bothered with the Asparagus fly. As soon
as the sun shines very hot they eat the
top of the stem. Can you tell me what to
do?

Ans. — The Asparagus beetle does little
harm when asparagus is regularly cut. It
may be controlled after the cutting season
by dusting the tops while wet with dew
with one teaspoonful Paris-green or two
teaspoonfuls powered hellebore, thor¬
oughly mixed with a pound of flour.
Flour sticks to the fine foliage, and is
readily eaten by the beetles and larvae.

Treatment for Apple Blight.

D. J. H., Richmond, Ohio. — Last season
blight seriously affected some of my apple
trees for the first time ; in fact, the tree
which were struck by the blight are practi¬
cally dead. This season quite a number
are affected, threatening to destroy thie
whole orchard. We have sprayed our trees
with Paris-green for several years. This
Spring a few of the trees were not sprayed,
but it seems to make no difference ; the
blight affected the trees that were sprayed
as well as those not sprayed.

Ans. — Spraying with Paris-green would
have little or no effect upon blight. Paris-
green is a poison used for killing insects
which eat leaves or fruit. The blight is
a disease. The usual remedy is to cut out
and destroy the blighted wood, and spray
thoroughly with Bordeaux Mixture. Send
to your State Experiment Station at
Wooster, Ohio, and to the station at
Geneva, N. Y., for bulletins on the sub¬
ject.

Lime and Fertilizer with F ye.

8., Pennsylvania. — I have perhaps eight
acres thin, acid, level old meadow which I
purpose to plow this month, and later lime,
about one ton to acre, when thoroughly slaked
and mixed, sow rye, and plow it under next
year. May I use artificial fertilizer with
rye, and what formula would be suitable,
after use of lime, which I think of slaking
with several inches damp earth, then spread
and harrow in? This soil is very acid by
actual test. Soil is clay loam from three to
six or eight Inches in depth over underlying
hardpan. Will it pay to treat as proposed,
except for appearance’s sake, as land is on
main highway?

-Ans. — The plan of using lime when
seeding to rye is good. Broadcast the rye
on the furrows after plowing and harrow
in. You can use three parts of ground
bone to one of muriate of potash — both by
weight — as a fertilizer. We explained on
page 424 why we would not use acid phos¬
phate with lime.

BORDEAUX MIXTURE

™l.”°ouryl"wrf POTATOES 50 Per Cent,

STEDEM’S ?§nacteend BORDEAUX

saves you trouble and expense. Add water, and it is
ready for spraying.

1 gallon mixed with 49gallons of water, costs only 75c.
One barrel, making 2,500 gallons, costs only $35.00

(See article on use of Bordeaux Mixture in Rural
New-Yorker, page 470 June 17.)

Order from Seedsmen or direct from

8TEDEM c fa SOUS,

1806 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

i

YVill produce a full crop of berries
next June, if planted this Summer.

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

offers a choice line of these; also Celery,
Cabbage, Cauliflower and other season¬
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HENRY A. DREER, 714 ChestnutSt., Phila.,Pa.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
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including all desirable nov¬
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Mount Hope Numeric®*
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Established

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-BUDS!—

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Uerlin, Md.

CELKBY AND CABBAGE PLANTS $1 per

1,000. CRIMSON CLOVER SEED, $4 a bushel. List
free. SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Delaware.

CELERY and CABBAGE PLANTS

FOK SALK — Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, f. o. b. here. Write for prices.
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15.
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS CELERY ! White Plume,
Giant Pascal, and other varieties, 1,000, $1.00; 10,000
$8.50; transplanted, 1,000, $2. Cabbage and Tomatoes,
same prices. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, 111.

| 13 ’\T an(l Cabbage Plants. Very

EL CL iX I strong. The plants have an
average of foiir square inches of space each over the
whole field. $1, 1,000; $4, 5,000; 70c. 500. CELERY-
Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, Golden Self Blanching,
White Plume. CABBAGE— Danish Ballhead, Suc¬
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Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

FOR SALE

-CRIMSON CLOVER Seed, $5 50

_ _ _ bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel;

2nd growth Seed Potatoes, *3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion
Sets, $3.00 bushel JOSEPH E. HOLLAND,

Milford, Delaware.

Leggett’s Dusters

Distribute Insecticides
In Dust Form.

No Barrel of Water to Haul.

Several styles for garden, field or orchard. Full line
of the needed powders. Also dry and liquid Bor¬
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BETTER THAN EVER

With our new lock the Frost Fence'will stand more
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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

489

GRASS ROOT DIGGERS.

A bulletin from the Department of
Agriculture at Washington details some
experiments in trying to kill out Johnson
grass in the South. This grass has be¬
come a pest in some places, as it crowds
into cultivated fields worse than Quack
or Witch grass. It spreads underground,
so that ordinary culture merely encour¬
ages its growth. The roots must be
pulled up and destroyed before it can be
killed. A disk or Cutaway harrow does
good work at chopping off the roots, and
a spring-tooth will uncover many of them,

but in order to be effective a tool must
reach down under and rip the roots out.
Two grass-root diggers are mentioned in
this bulletin — they are shown in the ac¬
companying diagram. The upper one is
used by Geo. M. Clark, of Connecticut, in
preparing sod land for reseeding to grass.
With the best of plowing and harrowing
some roots of old grass will be left in the
soil. To destroy them Mr. Clark uses
this tool like a one-horse cultivator. It
works deep in the soil, gets under the
roots, and snaps them off — often reach¬
ing the side of the field covered with
broken and dragging roots. Mr. Clark
says that he cannot fit an old meadow
as it needs fitting without using a tool of
this sort. It seems to be indispensable in
destroying Johnson grass.

SHALL WE SPRAY STRAWBERRIES?

A prominent nurseryman and fruit grower
says : “Double the strawberry crop by spray¬
ing with Bordeaux Mixture.” I sprayed a
portion of my patch in an experimental way
a few years ago, from one to four times.
Spring before fruiting, with no beneficial re¬
sults whatever; in fact, the plot receiving the
four applications was less productive than
where no fungicide was used. The mixture
was the 5-5-50 formula* and was preventive
of Potato blight. Is it really practicable to
prevent rust or leaf blight in strawberries by
spraying? If it is necessary to spray the
season before fruiting, as some say, and, as
there is a constant increase in leaf and plant
the entire season, which would necessitate
frequent applications, would not the extra
expense overbalance the extra returns, if any?
Is there a successful strawberry grower who
makes it a regular practice to spray his beds
for fungus troubles? Would it not be wiser
to select productive varieties that show the
greatest immunity and propagate from those
plants that are the best in resistant power?
I submit the above, thinking it might be
profitable for discussion among your subscrib¬
er strawberry experts. When a man make*
the above statement, it is likely to cause a
good many investments in “copper” where a
little more information on the subject would
prevent its leading to a sort of “frenzied
finance.” j. e. k.

New Jersey.

I never have sprayed and I certainly
hope not to be obliged to do so. I am
growing largely of Wm. Belt, which rusts
and blights badly with some, but very lit¬
tle with me. Gandy sometimes shows leaf
spot, but not serious. I believe soil and
climate conditions govern to such an ex¬
tent that our safest way is to grow such
varieties as are most resistant to these
fungus troubles, rather than resort to
evils that we know not of.

New York. Walter f. taber.

My experience is very limited, and is of
no value; but one spraying in a season,
last year and this year, as there was no
rust one year ago, and it is too early yet
for conclusions this year. The safest way
is to plant varieties that need no spray¬

ing, such as Haverland and Lovett. Sam¬
ple has been all right with me so far; I
have fruited it twice. I think the best
way to test it would be to select a variety
extremely subject to blight, and spray
thoroughly, leaving check rows.

New York. c. a. parcell.

On a trip through the principal straw¬
berry growing section of Delaware I
heard of only one man who ever sprays
his strawberries, and it was reported to
me that he does it in a careless way and
gets no results. Around Bridgeville,
where there are hundreds of acres of
strawberries, there is only this one man
who sprays the plants. On Saturday, May
27, there were 52 carloads of strawberries
shipped from Bridgeville. On Monday,
May 29, the day I was there, 35 carloads
had been shipped by 3 P. M., and I pre¬
sume there were five to 10 or perhaps
more carloads on the track, waiting to be
sent out before night. c. P. close.

Delaware.

LOGS FOR CARRYING WATER.

One of our readers in Pennsylvania asks
us the following question about logs for car¬
rying water. Can you give us any informa¬
tion about it? “Would logs do as well as
iron? What would be the lasting quality
of chestnut, Ited oak, hemlock, beech or
black cherry? Would either make the water
taste ?”

Personally I have had no experience with
logs for carrying water, but have known
of their being satisfactorily used. In my
opinion, if tney were laid deeply in the
earth they would last as long as or longer
than the steel pipe now on the market. I
think that second-growth chestnut would
outlast the other woods mentioned. To
get satisfactory results the logs would
need to be carefully bored and jointed at
the ends. j. t. Campbell.

Pennsylvania.

In our community wood that would an¬
swer the purpose is so expensive and hard
to obtain that iron pipes are more desira¬
ble. In regard to the lasting qualities of
beechwood I am unable to say anything.
Of the other woods named, chestnut
would be the most durable. In a place
where good wood can be easily obtained
and a good mechanic secured to be sure
the logs are properly bored the use of
wood might be advisable. My experience
has been, however, that it is a difficult
matter to secure straight boring. If at
any place the boring approaches close to
the surface of the log a leak will soon
occur there. Defects in our chestnut wood
have also been caused by the devices of
chestnut hunters in obtaining the nuts,
thus rendering the wood less fit for such
purposes. Good chestnut logs properly
bored will last from 10 to 20 years, de¬
pending upon the thickness and the degree
of perfection that may be obtained in the
logs used. As to making the water taste,
all wood pipes will to some extent flavor
the water, and also color it slightly as
long as the wood is new, but this will not
be the case after the pipes are in use for
a short time. The taste caused by iron
pipes will be extremely slight, if any. I
have tried simply to refer to a few of the
conditions that need be taken into consid¬
eration by anyone who desires to make use
of pipes of any kind. JOHN good.

Pennsylvania.

I do not know how much water your
correspondent wishes to carry, or how far,
and it would be a difficult matter, in any
case, to advise on the subject. Pipes of
galvanized iron are almost universally
used, but there might be circumstances
where logs could be profitably employed.
An instance of this is known to me where
a log flume carries water successfully, and
has for many years from a mountain
spring, run to a barn about one-fourth
of a mile away. Chestnut was plentiful,
and straight logs from eight to 10 inches
in diameter and 12 feet long were select¬
ed. They were split in halves and a
groove about three inches deep was cut in
them with an adze, having a semi-circular
blade. With this tool a 12-foot section of

sluice pipe could be made as quickly as a
fence rail. They were fitted together
closely end to end, sometimes lying on the
ground, and at places supported by rocks
or timber to give them a uniform grade.
The water was used in the barn for the
stock. For some time in the Winter it
would be put out of use by freezing, al¬
though no amount of freezing disturbs it,
as is sometimes the case with pipes.
Chestnut is the most suitable wood for the
purpose, splitting easily and being very
lasting. None of the other woods men¬
tioned, Red oak, hemlock, beech or Black
cherry, would be suitable, as they are
lacking in durable qualities, a most im¬
portant consideration under the circum¬
stances. The wood would not impart any
taste to the water. grant davis.

New Jersey. _

MACHINE-PICKED RASPBERRIES.

Are raspberries for evaporating harvested
by machinery ; A bulletin from the De¬
partment of Agriculture has a picture of a
screen or frame against which the berries
are knocked or batted. Is this device con¬
sidered practical by growers?

I do not consider the raspberry harvester
practical. It is not used in this vicinity.

I believe one or two were tried in the west¬
ern part of the county. Raspberries do not
ripen evenly enough to be all harvested at
once. If batted off when too ripe some of
the ripest ones are mashed, and if harvested
when some are green the berry does not
cleave from the core, and a piece of stem
clings to the berry, and will not fan out
when run through the fanning mill — as they
must be after they are evaporated — to clean
out the leaves that are batted off. Grow¬
ers pay 1 Yi and two cents per quart for
picking, according to the scarcity of pickers
and the necessity of growers for pickers.

Wayne Co., N. Y. c. E. clark.

Raspberries are gathered by means of the
berry harvester to quite an extent in the
portions of New York State where they are
grown for evaporating purposes. The fruit
Is allowed to remain longer on the bushes
than when picked by hand ; then is batted
off Into trays. Leaves and stems come with
it, and all are put through the drier to¬
gether. When cured, the fruit is run
through a fanning-mill, separating as much
of the refuse as possible. It is then hand¬
picked and goes to market in excellent con¬
dition. I think the cost is somewhat less
than picking by hand, and it possesses the
advantage of making the grower less depen¬
dent upon pickers, since one man can gather
more fruit with the harvester than a picker
can pick ; the handpicking of the dried fruit
can be done more leisurely during the Win¬
ter. In “Bush Fruits,” at hand, this device
is discussed on page 74. We pay two cents
a quart for picking berries here. I think
that is a very general price, though some
growers vary it according to the berry and
character of the picking. fred w. card.

Rhode Island.

A few years ago, when evaporated rasp¬
berries were so cheap many of the berry
harvesters were used by the berry growers
about here, for the situation demanded cheap
harvesting or the abandonment of the berry
business. At present prices there is a fail-
margin of profit after paying 1 ya or two cents
per quart for handpicking. The harvesters,
however, are still used by some growers, and
the cost of harvesting will average about one-
half cent per quart. After batting, as the
practice is called, the berries are run
through a fanning-mill before evaporating,
and much of the rubbish that unavoidably
comes off with the berries, is blown out.
After evaporating the berries must be hand¬
picked the same as beans are. This work is
done by girls and women, who receive here.
75 cents per day, the amount of this work
that each individual can do in a day depend¬
ing on the amount of refuse matter the ber¬
ries contain, and will vary from 125 to 250
pounds per day. J. o. wadsworth.

Wayne Co., N. Y.

“Mother, can we go to play with the
other children?” “You may play with
the little girls, Emily, but not with the
boys; the little boys are too rough.”
“Well, mother, if we find a nice smooth
little boy, can we play with him?” — Life.

Stuyvesant : “What struck you as the
funniest things you experienced when you
were at New York, Uncle Geehaw?” Un¬
cle Geehaw (of Greenport) : “Why, hav¬
in’ to climb five flights of stairs up into
the air at One Hundred and Twenty-fifth
Street to get to the Subway an’ go down
three flights of stairs at One Hundred
and Fifty-fifth Street to get to the ele¬
vated railroad!” — Harper’s Weekly.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

EARTH

We have hundreds
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YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
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free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prin.

Veterinarians use
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

XAVI C MIITP Make old buggies run like new
i MALL llUIO Sample sent on approval.
Agtg. wanted. Hardware Co., Box F 43, Pontiac, Mich

BINDER TWINE

83 n Farmers Wanted as Agents.

4> AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa.

“FUNIA"

kills Prairie Doga,
’ Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the
gods grind slow but
exceedingly small.” 8o the weevil, but you can stop

“•feS"' “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”£KSS

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.

READY-MADE WIRE FENCE

All large, strong wires; 49-inch. 28c per rod;
45-inch, 25 cents per rod; 36-inch, 20 cents per
rod, in 10, 20 or 40-rod rolls. Orders .filled
promptly; quality guaranteed. Circulars and
samples free.

CASE BROTHERS, Colchester, Conn.

COOPER

i SHEEP PIP

STANDARD OF THE WORLD

year*. Used on 250 millions annually. If local
druggist cannot supply, send $1.75 for *2 (100 gal.)
pkt, to Cyril Francklyn, 72 Beaver St., N. Y

pn

k— ; 1

l|ntl

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L-

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Pi

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■ ' III

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod-
®ls °f up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the "Weedsport
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

P

, THE FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN «]

Green Mountain
Silage is like good
money in bank, to be
drawn out by the
farmer to suit his own
convenience in feed¬
ing his stock on the
most luscious and nu¬
tritious of green pas¬
turage during the long
winter season (or all
the year round for
that matter), at only
about half the cost o( ordinary feed.

Bad silage is as worthless as bad money.

Gwen Mountain Silage with all its famed supenority can
be bad only from a Green Mountain Silo. No other is to be
compared with it. It stands alone and supreme as the very
King of Silos. If you buy now you get the benefit of early
order discount. Our new free illustrated booklet tells more
about it. ^ Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. |

A 'ole ’ V r are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and Supplies
lor Dairy and G'amery ; also Casolcne Engines. Pleasure Boats, etc.

STODDARD MFC. CO., Rutland, VL

49o

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 24,

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The “May King” Lettuce. — With over
100 varieties of lettuce offered by Ameri¬
can seedsmen under something more than
300 names, there would scarcely appear
room for newcomers in this familiar and
important salad vegetable. A German
gardener has been able, however, by selec¬
tion from the large-leaved or cabbage-
head type, to develop a quick-growing
close heading lettuce of the highest ex¬
cellence, now largely grown for the Ber¬
lin market and offered in this country
this season under the name of “May
King.” Our seed was supplied by J. M.
Thorburn & Co., New York City, planted
in the greenhouse early in March and
later in the open ground. The variety ap¬
pears more vigorous and resistant to the
usual lettuce troubles than any we have
ever tried. Under glass, where closely
sown, it quickly gave a supply of crisp
and tender leaves of the highest quality,
and has been repeatedly cut for the last
two months without deterioration. Trans¬
planted plants make dense, solid heads of
medium size earlier than any other un¬
der the trying droughty condition preva¬
lent this Spring. The outside leaves are
light green and the head or heart clear
yellow in color; tender, crisp and of the
finest imaginable lettuce flavor. In table
quality it excels any other variety tried
here. It is claimed to be a money-maker
abroad, and is offered here as a superior
head lettuce for forcing and open-air cul¬
ture. Its great peculiarity, aside from
exceptionable quality, is extremely rapid
growth, the heads being developed quick¬
er than with any other kind.

The Rose-colored Cau.a. — About 15
years ago a new Calla, or Richardia, with
rose-colored flower spathes and lance¬
shaped, instead of arrow-headed leaves,
was discovered in the upper Nile region
of Africa, and soon introduced to Euro¬
pean horticulture under the name of
Richardia Rehmanni. For some years
the tubers were quite expensive, the first
quoted price being in the neighborhood
of $15 each, and it has only recently come
within the means of amateurs. It is now
offered for the first in this country by
John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y., at
25 cents each. Fig. 206, page 486, illus¬
trates a plant in bloom, from the Rural
Grounds collection, much reduced in size.
The flower or spathe grows very upright,
and is about four inches in length, deep
purple rose in color at first, becoming a
delicate light rose — very much the shade
of the pink lady-slipper or moccasin flow¬
er, Cypripedium spectabile, as it fully de¬
velops, and lasts in good condition nearly
three weeks. There is a dark crimson
blotch within, making an attractive color
combination. European growers report
that in cultivation the blooms are white
with only a faint rose tinge to the back
and margin, and this description is re¬
peated in the new Cyclopaedia of Ameri¬
can Horticulture, but all our plants are
bearing the deep rose and purple blooms
characteristic of the species. Since photo¬
graphing the plant shown in Fig. 206
it has produced three more fine blooms,
and it is likely another may follow — one
from each “eye” or growing point in the
tuber. The culture is very simple, the
dormant tuber, which should he kept dry
and fairly warm, like a potato, in Winter
may he potted up from February to April
in rich, light compost, using a five or six-
inch pot, with good drainage. The tuber
should be covered fully an inch deep, as
most of the roots proceed from the upper
surface and from the base of the young
sprouts. Water rather sparingly until
sprouts appear above the surface, when it
may be freely given, as all Richardias
revel in moisture when in growth. See
that drainage is free, however, and never
allow the soil to become sodden. Keep
the plant in full sunlight in a warm and
sheltered situation under glass or in the
window garden until all danger of frost
is over, frequently showering or syring¬
ing the leaves to keep off the little mite
known as red spider — apparently its only
insect enemy. The rose-colored calla has
a great tendency to produce seeds, which
weaken the tuber for the succeeding sea¬
son ; therefore, if these are not wanted it
is well to cut the spathes away as soon
as the attractive colors begin to fade. The
blooms are produced from May to August,
according to season of planting.

After-care consists in growing on until
the foliage turns yellow in the Fall, when

water may gradually be withheld, and the
soil in the pot allowed to dry up. The
tubers may be wintered in the soil where
they have grown, taking care they are dry
and free from frost until ready for plant¬
ing, or they may be shaken out, dried and
stored in paper bags until Spring. The
pots may instead be plunged in a warm
border in the garden after blooming, and
left until the foliage ripens, taking care
the soil does not dry too much before
growth ceases, and the tubers stored when
mature in the usual manner. Doubtless
this species will grow well in the open
air if the dry tubers are planted out in
May, but we have not tried it this way.
Seeds grow freely if planted soon after
maturity, but it requires two or more
years’ care to produce blooming tubers.
The rose-colored calla is a neat and at¬
tractive plant, not to he compared in
beauty and usefulness with the common
white calla or Lily of the Nile, Richardia
Africana, but so distinct and novel as
to be well worth growing. The red and
“black” callas offered by seedsmen a few
years ago were not closely related to the
Richardias. They were Arums, produc¬
ing their dull-colored and oddly formed
flower spathes before the leaves appeared.
Several species were offered, the blooms
of most having anything but a pleasing
odor when open. Arum Palaestinum or
sanctum has been chiefly offered as “black
calla,” but is usually a disappointment as
a decorative plant, being useful only as
an oddity. The color of the flower spathes
is blackish purple. The Arums sold as
“red callas” produced brownish-red
spathes, formed like the common Indian
turnip or Jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisamia
triphyllum, of our moist woodlands.

Yellow-flowered Callas. — Although
Richardia has been agreed upon as the
proper botanical name of this interesting
African genus, calla is firmly fixed in
the popular mind and will probably never
be displaced. The real Calla is a little-
known, hardy bog-plant found in Asia,
Northern Europe and Eastern North
America. It has a white flower spathe
something like its African relative, but is
much smaller. There is only one species,
known as C. palustris. Previous to 1890
no attractive yellow-flowered Richardias
were known ; two species, R. hastata and
R. melanoleuca, natives of Natal, had
been introduced, but they are too ob¬
scurely colored to be liked for decorative
purposes. In 1890 R. Elliotiana was found
in southern tropical Africa, and soon after
R. Pentlandi in Basutoland, South Africa.
Both have rich, lustrous yellow blooms of
good size, with purple blotches at the
base, but differ in foliage. Elliotiana has
white, spotted leaves of the usual arrow¬
head or halberd shape, while Pentlandi
has very broad foliage, dark green, and
practically unspotted. Both are 'slow to
increase, and require rather careful green¬
house treatment, as they are quite im¬
patient of cold or wet. Many hybrids
have been produced between these hand¬
some species and R. albo-maculata, an old
and well-known species with spotted foli¬
age and small white blooms, with a black-
purple blotch, so hardy that it can be
grown in the garden in Summer and
stored like the potato in the cellar in
Winter. We have grown for the last six
years on the Rural Grounds a hybrid of
this type from seeds pollenized by Herr
Max Leichtlin, of Baden Baden, Ger¬
many. It makes a handsome bedding
plant, with immense, richly-spotted foli¬
age and well-formed bright yellow blooms
of good size. Other interesting crosses
with “Rossi Major,” a highly perfected
form of R. Elliotiana, are under way.
These hybrids are of vigorous growth
and very easy culture. The keeping qual¬
ity of the dormant tubers is quite re¬
markable, requiring no greenhouse cod¬
dling. The firm of J. Tailby & Son,
Wellesley, Mass., has introduced Mrs.
Roosevelt, evidently a similar hybrid, said
to be very handsome and free in bloom.
The Messrs. Tailby purchased one of the
first three tubers of Elliotiana that came
to this country at a price very close to
$50 for the specimen, and have been very
successful in increasing the stock and in
growing seedlings and hybrids from it.
The announcement is now made that
Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., has
also meritorious hybrids of the yellow
species. There are already in Europe
several named varieties of this parentage,
and it appears likely that the possibilities
of calla breeding will be thoroughly
worked out. The plants have not yet
made their way into public use, but it is
safe to predict that the best types will be
quite popular, and that they will receive
their highest development in American
soil and climate. A large percentage of
the tuberoses and Gladioli used in the
world are grown here, and it appears
that the new Richardias or callas will
also find our bright sunshine most con¬
genial, and thrive better than in Europe.

w. v. F.

Cutting Alfalfa. — We usually make our
first cutting oT Alfalfa about June 10, n*n<l
second and third cuts when Alfalfa begins
to show the first bloom. We use a tedder
in curing, and put the Alfalfa in cock when
it is a trifle green. The method of curing
is practically the same as for curing June
clover. The Alfalfa, however, must be
thoroughly cured before put In, or it will be
mow burned. w. w. chenby.

Fruit Futures. — What effect the general
dissemination of the San JosC- scale will have
it is bard to determine; many, I believe,
witli small orchards will give up in despair,
while others will probably make a fight to
save their trees. There is no question but
what the scale is gaining ground quite rapid¬
ly in this section. The present outlook for
fruit in this vicinity is good, far different
from a year ago, when we suffered so much
from Winter injury. j. r. Cornell.

Orange Co., N. Y.

Hopeful About the Scale. — I have had
a great deal of experience with the San
Jos6 scale, and in fighting it; t lie scale and
oil remedies applied to combat it have killed
many trees for me, but I find the lime and
sulphur mixture very effective. I am sure
I have not one scale now, where I had 1,000
last Spring. I assure you the dreaded scale
has no terrors for me any more ; I agree
with J. II. Ilale that it is a blessing, for it
will benefit those who do grow fruit. I
know this is selfish, but we are living in a
selfish world. I don’t expect or believe the
scale can ever l>e eradicated, but I know
I can hold it in check so it won't do me any
material injury. wm. ii. skillman.

Central New Jersey.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal. ’ See guarantee, page 8.

Four Row
Potato Sprayer

Covers 30 to 40 acres per day.
Straddles 2 rows, sprays 4 at
a time. Wheels adjust for dif¬
ferent widths. Sprays to any
fineness, and g**arin»? or pump to wheel of cart gives any
pressure desired. Automatic agitator and auction strainer
cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
formula hook shows the famous Garfield, Empire King,
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

Field Force Pump Co. , 2 llth St. , Elmira, N.Y.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. Thissoapisa Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 5(i-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
270 lb.,3-qc per ib; barrel, 425 lb. Send for booklet.

JAMES WOOl), Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Big profit — rapid growth
Use Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

OATS FROM WHEAT AT LAST!

Remarkable Chatham Riddle for Succotash

The Chatham Fan¬
ning Mill has a new
riddle that is guar¬
anteed to make an
absolutely perfect
separation of oats
from wheat. This
wonderful piece of
mechanism has
about 4500 different
parts. You can take

oats and wheat and get a perfect separation, or you can
reverse the proportions. Above is a cross
section of the new riddle. You can see the
riddle will let wheat through readily, but oats cannot get through. The
riddle has a jumping attachment that keeps the oats jumping until
they go over behind on the floor. GROW SUCCOTASH! The new
riddle will enable you to obtain double crop value by sowing wheat and
oats together, as it insures the perfect separation necessary to obtain
the highest market prices. We have also invented a Corn Screen that
grades corn 9H per rent perfect. The accompanying sectional view

shows the principle of operation. The new Oats-from-Wheat Kiddle and _

Grader are new in ventions— only three months old— and obtained by us at heavy
expense. They cannot be applied to machines already sold, but our new mills
can be equipped with them. The Chatham will separate, clean and grade any grain or seed.
Writ© for Chatham Book at once.

Corn

THE MANS0N CAMPBELL CO., Lid., 40 WESSON AVENUE, DETROIT, MICHIGAN

Mitnufitctiirert Funning Mills, Incuhittors und Hroodern,

FERRES FRUIT

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., box is Anderson, Ind,

1905.

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

49 1

Hope Farm Notes

A Run of Luck. — Genevieve, the cow, died
after all. We got her pretty well over the
milk fever, hut pneumonia followed, and she
could not rally. I did not intend to raise
the calf, hut when her mother died I felt that
I would like to have some living remembrance
of her. So we are trying to bring up the lit¬
tle thing. We are short of skim-milk, with
so many little human calves to feed, and it
became a problem as to what to do. I cooked
oatmeal and mixed it with the little skimmed
milk we could spare and with an occasional
raw egg kept the little orphan going. We
now have a package of “calf meal." Philip
thinks this smells like a combination of
“slippery elm and fertilizer,’’ but the calf
takes to It, and thus far it has taken to the
calf. I fed a little that was left to the small
pigs and they nearly stood on their heads
in their eagerness to wring the last drop out
of the trough. It is as hard to make a good
calf without milk as it is to make a good
custard of water, starch and sugar, but we
shall do our best with this one. We were
not over the grief at poor Genevieve's death
when Frank, the faithful old work horse, was
stricken. lie dropped his head and went
down, literally falling in harness, for he was
in the field when the attack came. We made
him comfortable and sent for the vet. I
went myself this time, and it seemed as if
every auto in the country puffed and whizzed
around Nellie Bly. I left Mother at prayer
meeting on my way, and waited for her on
my way home. When we got there a light in
the barn showed that the doctor had come.
The old horse was very sick with inflamma¬
tion of the bladder. We put hot bandages
and mild blisters on him, gave him medicines
and stayed by him as best we could, but on
Sunday morning the poor fellow lay dead.
The doctor was afraid for him from the first,
lie cannot, tell what brought the trouble on.
After seeing poor Frank suffer as he did I am
glad the disease is rare. When I opened the
box stall early Sunday morning and saw that
faithful brute stretched out in his last sleep
I knew just how people have felt before me
when they saw the motive power of the farm
still forever. I am not specially fond of a
horse either. I have been up against some
hard blows in my life, and have lived down
many disappointments, but at that moment 1
wished I was 40 or 30 years younger — at an
age when one may show grief or joy in a nat¬
ural way! Many a man who reads these
lines who has worked with his horse and
learned to know him in silent, lonely places
will know what I mean. It was like the
passing away of a member of the family to
lose old Frank. One of his shoes will be
nailed over the door, iie did his duty as
well as lie could. He was big and heavy and
clumsy on his feet, but he had horse sense,
and that is like “good character” in a man.
I do not want another horse shaped like him.
but I shall go far before I find his true and
faithful honesty. We are now left without a
team.

“Luck seems to be against you !”

No, I will not say that; we are having a
good bunch of trouble all around just now.
Some people seem to get it in bunches, but
the average will come out right.

Rad and Good. — We have been disappointed
in our pepper plants. They were shipped
properly, but have gone astray somewhere.
The express companies are sometimes enough
to make a peaceful man want to light. I can¬
not well explain how the loss of these plants
has upset our plans. We shall have to plant
more bush Limas. The maggots too have
done great damage to the onions. They never
troubled us so much. I hear reports of sim¬
ilar loss from all over. The emulsion of soap
and carbolic acid will get the maggots, but
it seems only useful on a small scale for lack
of any way to put it on rapidly. Our onion
crop will be short. The grass also promises
to be short. On the other hand, our young
orchards never looked better. The trees are
making a beautiful growth. The dry weather
which killed some of our little peach trees on
top of the hill lias been just the tiling for
the apple and pear trees planted In the low
wet field at the lower part of the farm.
They have all started well. Had it been a
wet season many of them would have quit
early. We never had a better outlook for
apple and peach, and never sprayed the
apples so thoroughly. Then the chicken de¬
partment never was quite so promising. The
hens lay well, and while the lice have fin¬
ished some of tlie little chicks we are learn¬
ing how to finish the lice. As for straw¬
berries, when you can eat Marshalls as large
as an Astrachan apple, crimson all the way
through, and fragrant as a bouquet, who can
find fault with “luck" for which we were not
responsible? I confess that I felt a little
“blue” one night when things all seemed to
have stopped wagging their tails and bared
their teeth. I sat in the darkness thinking
if I hadn’t better start in and scold several
people. The little girl had learned to play a
new tune. She came and climbed on my knee
and asked :

“Oh, Father, would you like to hear me
play ’Yield Not to Temptation?’”

Of course I wanted to hear it ! I suggest

that those who come in from failure and loss
feeling as if they would like to scold and
whip innocent ones hunt up the hymn and
read it over before they carry out. their plan.
You see nine out of 10 people want to talk
about and broadcast the evil or sorrow that
comes in their way. That is why there is so
much of it in the world. Let us join the 10
per cent who bury their sorrow and talk
about their blessings.

Parasites. — You may think I break my
own rule when 1 give another commission
return on Florida potatoes, but I don't give
it simply to complain. Here it is:

Four barrels potatoes at $1.50 . $G.OO

Commission . GO

Cartage . 24

Freight . 3.12 — 3.9G

$2.04

This is only one small shipment, but it
will illustrate what I have in mind. The
railroads make sure of their charges, no mat¬
ter what happens to producer and consumer.
The farmer may (ind his returns cut down
to one-third, but the railroads get full price.
Last year potatoes which bring us $1.50 now
sold at $3.75. The railroads charged as much
for carrying the low-priced potatoes as they
did for the others. If they say that their ex¬
penses for running the road were just as high
I answer, so were the farmer’s expenses.
In fact, they were higher, since feed, ferti¬
lizer and some other things cost more. As a
matter of justice, it is hard to see why the
income of the railroad should be held up to
the top notch, while this very high price may
mean ruin to the farmer.

The railroads seem to be bent on killing
the goose before its golden egg is fully laid.
In some parts of the South the railroads in¬
duced northern people to settle and grow
berries or truck. As they were promised
prompt shipment and all the iced cars they
needed many good people invested all they
had and what they could reasonably borrow
in strawberry culture. They had a tine crop,
but when picking time came the railroads
simply left them to ruin. Where 20 cars
were called for eight or 10 would be sent.
Files of crated berries as large as houses
were piled up along the tracks to rot and turn
to a red drip in the sun. The crimson ooze
that fell from those crates was the true life
blood squeezed out of hopeful hearts by the
greed and carelessness of the railroads and ice
car men. They will simply ruin the fruit and
trucking interests of the South by such busi¬
ness. One would think they would see that
It is to their permanent Interest to accommo¬
date people and help them get started. This
would increase business. But my observation
is that these railroads and express companies
are after what there is in it to-day, regardless
of tiie future or of the shipper’s feelings.
You may have observed white objects growing
on the backs of the great green tomato
worms. They are parasites, creatures which
live on the worms and slowly eat them up.
The eggs are laid on the worm’s back. After
hatching the parasites eat into the worm and
devour the fatty tissue. Yet these hateful
creatures have an instinct which teaches
them not to touch any vital organ of the
worm. They seem to know that if they de¬
stroyed the heart or other organs the worm
would die and thus they would lose the
chance to feed. So they merely eat the fatty
tissue, and the worm lives on for their ben¬
efit. It seems to me that some of these “com¬
mon carriers” have less Instinct than these
parasites. They will not even give the ship¬
pers a chance to live. They seem willing to
attack and destroy the very heart of the
business they have induced men to enter,
while the parasite' knows enough to let the
worm live at least. No one need wonder that
country people will demand legislation of
some sort to regulate railroads. If the rail¬
road men keep on they will get a worse deal
than they deserve!

Farm Questions. — (A Kentucky man wants
to know about oats :

“Which is the best way to dispose of an oat
crop, to two-year-old steers: allow them to
get ripe and cut with a self-binder, or cut
them with a mowing machine, and make oat
hay? I would like to know the proper time
to cut oats to make oat hay of the best qual¬
ity. I have good results by feeding two bun¬
dles of oats per day to each steer in connec¬
tion with what clover hay they want. Of
course I do not expect to fatten on this ra¬
tion to any great extent.” B. a. v.

I have never fed steers. There is only one
steer that I know of in this township. For
cow feed I have found it best, to cut the oats
early and make lia.v. That is what I shall do
this year. We cut as soon as we can after
we find the first heads with grains so that
they crush into a milky fluid between the fin¬
ger nails. The oats are cut like other grass,
and cured in cocks Tike clover hay. T am
quite sure that an average animal will get
more food out of the oat plant handled In
this way than out of the mature grain and
the hard straw. When cut with a self-binder
the crop is easier to handle and feed out.
My experience is not worth much, as it is on
a small scale, and I place no value whatever
upon any theory I might have.

Another man in Maryland asks this ques¬
tion :

“Can Dwarf Essex rape lie cut and cured
like clover or hay? If so, how and when?
Will It hurt cattle or sheep to turn them Into
rape field from grass field?” c. c. s.

No, you cannot cure rape into hay. It
would only make a moldy mass like rotten
turnips. The only value 1 have found in rape
is as a green pasture or for plowing under.
It is so good for these purposes that we can
overlook its weak features. Be very careful
about turning stock into a rape field for the
first time. They will eat so much of it that
they will bloat. Begin an hour at a time,
then turn them out and let them stay a little
longer the next day, and so on. I have not
found this trouble with hogs. Man has
given the hog a name which stands for greed¬
iness, but Nature has deprived him of the
three extra stomachs which she gave the
sheep and the cow. These animals sometimes
commit suicide with capacity for a weapon,
stuffing their larger stomachs full. If the
hog had been given the four stomachs of the
cow and also hisjiresent desire to stuff there
would be no pork in the world to-day.

H. W. C.

Are You a Dairy Farmer,
a Grain Farmer, a Stock
Farmer, or a General
Farmer?

It doesn’t make any difference
what kind of a farmer you are,
your farm, your barn and your
work is different from that of
your neighbor. If you buy a
power to do your work, you
will find that to use that power
profitably will take a different
arrangement from any you have
ever seen on any other farm.
Instead of buying an engine and
then finding that it won’t do your
work, why not take up the
whole question with Fairbanks
Farm Power Men? It won’t cost
you anything to have them solve
your problem, to show you how
to use your power so it will
make money for you. Write
for their free book on “Farm
Power” and tell them about
your farm. See what they have
to say to you. Just address,

FAIRBANKS FARM POWER MEN,

The Fairbanks Co., New York.

Scales , truck* , valves a”d fittings, ga r and
gasoline engines farm machines .machine
tools, factory power transmission ,
factory supplies.

Albany, Now Orleans, Baltimore, Boston,
Phlla., Pittsburg, Buffalo, Syracuse,
Hartford, London, England.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

The Latest 1’rodm t of the SJOtli Century.
The Air-Cooled Lumping Gasoline Engine.

Just what
you want
for Sawing
Wood,
Churning.
Running
Cream
Separator.
No Water
to freeze.
Gasoline
in the base.

Made in U*s
and 2'u H.
F. Either
plain or
with back
gear.

Write for
price.

R. II. Deyo,
& Co.,
Bingham¬
ton, New
York.

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for catalogue
No. G2.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wo
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

*# BOX 17 HAVANA.HL.

IT DOES THE TRICK ! specialI

[ATOIS

A5PINWALL SPRAYER

GREATLY IMPROVED FOR 1905.

Especially designed for handling Bor¬
deaux and other heavy mixtures
used in spraying for blight.

HIGH-PRESSURE PUMP

Brass-lined Cylinder,
Brass-ball Valves.

Syphon airitator constantly in motion in
mires an even Holution of mixtures and
prevents clogging of screen.

Bugs Destroyed & Blight & Rot Prevented.

Fifty-eight tests conducted bythoNew
York agricultural departmen tin 1U04 show¬
ed an average Increased yield of f»H bushels
per acre on sprayed llehls as compared
with uiisprayecl. We are the only concern
In the world making a complete line of
potato machinery consisting of Cutters,
Planters, Sprayers, Diggers and Sorters.

Write for our free Catalogue .

Aspinwall Manufacturing Co.,

67 Sabin St., Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.

'Phis axle runs easier than any other, and requires
no attention, It’s n, VU onclor.”
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

THE POTATO CROP,

large or small, is best
harvested with

tho Improved

DOW DEN

Potato DiauePm Peep or ,hallow. y°u

• them all, fast, cleanand un-
•nt. BUmlud tiller with nope«T, sad llluU. Aak for fr«<* Dowden book

DOWDEN MFC. CO., Bob 522 PRAIRIE CITY. IA.

Goodhue

Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free

booklet explains their many ad¬
vantages, and tel Is about our new

INDESTRUCTIBLE
TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical Informa¬
tion that should be in the hands of every farmer.
Solid for it to-day and ask about our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

APPLETON MFG. CO.

27 FARGO ST. BATAVIA, ILL.

BUCKEYE

WalkingCultivator

In Modern Farming

rJ machinery has an importance that cannot
be overestimated, and whether the farm be
large or small, the equipment must be up-
to-date, ample, and economical of operation
and maintenance. The famous Buckeye line
of Cultivators has met the demand of success¬
ful practical farmers for years. The largest
and most complete line of Riding and Walking
Cultivators on the market; they are renowned
for adaptability, durability and economy.

The latest addition to this popular line is the
Buckeye Sunbeam Balanced Krume
Walking; Cultivator, here Illustrated,
which has many new and improved features.
The one-piece steel axle gives It greatstrength
and rigidity. Frame perfectly balanced. No
joints to work loose and wobble. All tending
to prolong the life of the cultivator and add to
its efficiency and economy. Light and neat
in appearance, it is the best cultivator of
this style now on the market,
k book over the Buckeye line at your deal
. er’s, and send for complete catalogue.

E P. P. MAST Sl CO.

22 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush Jfc Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Houble-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His J~

I»isk Plow cuts a furrowfi to 10 In. deep, -*■ ,14 in. wide

All these machines wl 11 kill witch-
grass, wbd mustard, charlock, hard-
‘ hack suntlower. milk weed, thistle ,
jorany foul plant. Send forcir’lars. /(

[CUTAWAY HAKKOY7 CO., I
lliggauuni, Conn., U. S. A.

492

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 24,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, i . _ . . „

Mrs. K. T. Koylk, Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8% marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JUNE 24, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR GARDEN PLANS.

We offer prizes of $5, $3 and $2 for the best three
plans for a farmer’s garden. We want a drawing show¬
ing how the garden was planted, and a brief statement
of the vegetables grown, the work required and some¬
thing about the product. We want only plans of
farmers’ gardens, showing how a good supply of vege¬
tables can he provided year after year without inter¬
fering with the regular farm work. We do not want
essays on amateur gardening or stories of special work,
but simply accounts of plain farmers’ gardens. The
drawings and essays must be here by August 1.

*

Last week we suggested that the scientific men at the
experiment stations might well spend their vacation in
working as hired men. No doubt some of them will
take the suggestion. Farmers may perhaps entertain
scientists unawares, as others have entertained angels
before now. Or will the scientist in search of such infor¬
mation as the hired man’s job affords be as rare as an
angel’s visit?

*

I he San Jose scale has appeared in those rough land
orchards in Connecticut. Mr. Barnes feels confident
that lie can hold the insect in check by thorough spray¬
ing with lime, sulphur and salt. Results with this mix¬
ture thus far are such as to give peach growers on
these hills great confidence in their ability to protect
the trees. No one expects to exterminate the scale, but
we must admire the confidence of those who use lime
and sulphur in their ability to save the trees.

*

It ought to be clear to most farmers by this time that
the State bounties on beet sugar have been of little
benefit to actual farmers. A few factory men and large
ranchmen in the West have pocketed most of the bounty
thus far paid. In New York State beet sugar making
is a failure. We might as well admit it now. The beets
can be grown, but the conditions of labor are such that
farmers cannot undertake to keep a crop of any size
clean. The Germans are far better able to produce beet
sugar. Sugar tariffs and bounties in this country have
severely hurt the German beet sugar industry. This is
reacting upon our own trade, because the Germans,
unable to sell their sugar here, are refusing to buy our
grain, meat and fruit. Our export trade in such products
will be curtailed if the sugar duties are kept up. If
farmers were really benefited by such duties it would be
another thing, but the great majority of them buy their
sugar, so that the refiners and dealers are chiefly bene¬
fited.

*

We have often been asked if public spraying cannot
be done in much the same way that wood saws or
thrashing machines are operated. Mr. Bugbee, on page
486, tells us about his outfit which, we understand, is
quite successful. In Wayne and other New York fruit
counties this public spraying is becoming general, in
some cases hand pumps being used. The price for this
service runs from $5 per day up. In Canada the Depart¬
ment of Agriculture started several spraying outfits.

The first year charge was made of three cents a tree.
This was raised later to four cents, and then to five
cents. It was estimated that a single outfit could
manage about 3,000 trees during the season. This
demonstration by the Government proved very success¬
ful — so much so that a number of private outfits are
now being operated. We believe that this plan of public
spraying is sure to be extended. It is a good thing for
the community, and apparently a paying job for the
owner.

*

It is reported that the bacteriologists of the Pasteur
Institute at Paris have discovered the microbe of the
Tsetse fly, which, in some parts of South Africa, renders
the keeping of cattle and horses impossible. The Tsetse
is a small yellow-striped fly with a short proboscis;
it is harmless to man and to many wild animals, yet
so fatal to horses and cattle that it is more dreaded
than the plague As a rule it is found in the neigh¬
borhood of water, some of the worst “fly belts” being
on the Zambesi and Limpopo rivers. The British South
Africa Company, which has spent a good deal of time
and money in the investigation of this fly, tried intro¬
ducing camels from India into these districts, but they
succumbed as readily as other working cattle to the
1 setse. If the French bacteriologists have finally iso¬
lated the germ poison of the Tsetse, the next step will
he material for inoculation which will render animals
immune. It is an example of the far-reaching power
of modern science, when work in a laboratory half a
world away may solve industrial problems that vex the
minds of Rhodesian pioneers.

*

On page 460 we printed a letter from Prof. G. B.
Brackett, pomologist of the United States Department
of Agriculture. 'I he Seedless apple people attempted
to make capital out of Prof. Brackett’s name, and he
promptly called them to time. We now have the follow¬
ing note from him :

No case Is hopeless as long as there are plucky men to
fight the wrong I have ever been grateful to you for being
a torch bearer to the uninformed. You have saved many an
innocent from parting from his bard-earned cash. Of course
it will be a "long time" before the public is educated, but
let the good work continue. You are doing all you can;
other horticulturists are helping; I am doing all I can, and
we’ll stick by our duty. The Seedless apple fake needs as
thorough eradication as the cattle plague. We are on the
side of justice, and we owe to fruit growers a duty. You
have never known how sincerely grateful to you I have
been for your fearless work. g. b. brackett.

United States Pomologist.

As we shall show before long, the Seedless apple
people have organized a company for the sale of stock.
Among the items of expense mentioned in their circular
we find $10,000 for advertising! It will be interesting
to see where that money is spent.

★

A recent letter from West Virginia contains the
following: ■« >

Enclosed you will find a couple of nails exposed to the
weather for 42 years. They were driven in 1863 into a roof
made of shaved Red oak shingles and Red oak lath. Now
the shingles have rotted away, leaving the nails with their
ends sticking in the lath. When we consider the quantity
of acid in Red oak the preservation of these nails becomes
a wonder.

The nails were in a remarkable state of preservation —
actually better than cut nails which we put in a roof
five years ago. Why can we not buy such nails now?

In what respect are these nails different from the poor
stuff sold at the present time? That is what farmers
want to know about nails and wire. The Department
of Agriculture has started an investigation. What are
they finding out? The first report is that the trouble is
largely due to “electrolytic action.” This means that
the metals of which the nails and wire "are made is
decomposed by an electric current. This action appears
to be caused by the manganese in the metal. In the
Bessemer process of steel making manganese is added
to the molten metal, and is seldom evenly distributed
all through the mass. Prof. Cushman, who is conduct¬
ing the Government tests, believes that this fault of
manufacture is the cause of decay in modern fence wire.
Thus far good. Having found the reason for the
trouble show us how to know that we are buying good
wire.

*

There is a beautiful little town in central New York
not far from Ithaca, where the influence of Cornell
University has done much to strengthen the taste for
nature study. The community itself, progressive and
intelligent, is founded upon industries near to nature,
and is disposed to appreciate the work of those who
seek the betterment of country life. That town has
adopted “Uncle John” Spencer with enthusiasm, and
when he visits them, to see how the nature study clubs
are getting along, the entire school census meets him at
the railway station, with enough prominent citizens to
give his reception the character of a royal progress.
There is something very delightful about this spontane¬
ous display of genuine feeling, which should make us

better able to appreciate a silent force which will gradu¬
ally change conditions in country life. A great many
educators have treated rural communities merely as
warehouses from which to draw the strongest forces
of national life. I hey have thanked the country for
the young vigor it supplied them, while drawing it away
into other fields. The new education, however, is fitting
our young people for the best development of rural life,
by showing the opportunities, pleasures and comforts
that there abide. I hose who are so extending the work
of our great universities as to bring them in close touch
with rural life are insuring a reciprocal benefit, for
whatever form of culture they extend flows back to
them in that broader life that only comes through a
closer contact with the primeval forces of Mother Earth.

♦

Some extra precautions may well be taken in the
care of the work team during hot, muggy weather. The
sun bears on like a hot iron; flesh galls quickly; diges¬
tion is more easily disturbed, and the whole system is
under a strain that is likely to irritate any weak spot
or organ to the point of collapse. A little good judg¬
ment shown in giving two or three minutes’ rest now
and then during a hard pull c.i plow, harrow or mower,
sponging the shoulders at noon and night, and mod¬
erate feeding until somewhat rested will avoid many
of these troubles. Sometimes it is a great comfort to a
horse to add a half hour to the usual nooning, and he
can without harm make up the lost time at either end of
the day. Some protection to the top of the head is
useful when the sun is beating down very hard. Many
of the city truck horses have a straw hat with holes
for the ears, tied to the headstall, but it ought to be
very open, as otherwise the horse’s head, not being
accustomed to a covering, will get very hot. A piece
of wet sponge tied to top of headstall is also useful.

*

We have often referred to the inability of American
farm laborers to form a labor union like those which
have given so much power to city and town workmen.
Efforts have been made in various parts of the country
to organize hired men or farm hands, but we have never
been able to find records of any such organization that
lasted six months ! A little over 30 years ago an organ¬
ization of English farm laborers brought a new force
into England politics. In 1872 the English “farm
hand as we would call him in this country, had prac¬
tically no public standing. It was stated that while the
landlords lived better than most princes and the tenant
farmers had plenty to eat, drink and wear, the laborers,
who did the rough work, were at the verge of starva¬
tion. 1 he trades unions in city and town were very
strong, and politicians gladly listened to them. Tt was
not dreamed, however, that the farm laborers had sense
or ambition enough even to ask for political power.
Suddenly the public was startled to learn that these
despised laborers had formed a union. Joseph Arch, a
Methodist preacher, started the movement, which spread
rapidly. Arch was sensible enough to keep out of poli¬
tics and confine himself to a fair statement of the
wrongs of the farm laborer as a class. The result was
that the English people enfranchised these peasants, giv¬
ing them a vote which was formerly denied. In this
country, at least at the North, it cannot he said that the
farm hand has any special grievance. He has, in fact,
the advantage of the farmer, for good hands are in
great demand, and can usually make their own terms.
This is one reason why “unions” have never been suc¬
cessful. Except in some special localities they are not
needed, since the lack of competition gives the advantage
to the hired man.

BREVITIES.

Fight shy of a fight.

What Is so raw as a (lay in June, ’05?

Ten to one your best successes have been your failures.

Hard to find — growers who spray strawberries to prevent
rust or blight.

A friend on Staten Island says Corsican is one of the
most satisfactory strawberries he is trying this year. We
do not know it — what do our other friends say about it?

Rich deposits of amlier have been recently exploited in
the Province of Santiago, Dominican Republic. It is at the
headwaters of the Lieey River, about 1,800 feet above sea
level.

A railroad train recently ran a mile in 35 seconds. On
Long Island a contest in passenger service between railroad
cars and autos shows that the latter carry passengers at
less than half the cost of railroad service.

President Reyes of Colombia has just promulgated a de¬
cree establishing a government monopoly of the production,
introduction and sale of liquors, cigars, cigarettes and
matches. We think that Senor Reyes would be able to
attained considerable distinction as a picturesque trust
buster.

During the past few years there has been an increased
use for coal ashes. On some farms where these ashes were
formerly thrown away they are now carefully saved for
mulching around bush fruits and young trees. While there
is little, if any, direct fertilizing value in coal ashes they
are useful if well handled.

1C05.

THE RURAL' NEW-YORKER

493

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The preliminary hearing of Jesse James,
son of the bandit and a pawnbroker and salary money lender,
who is charged by Joseph England with exacting usurious
interest on a loan of $35, began before a jury at Kansas
City, Mo., June 5. England, a young married man, testified
that he had lost his position as motormau for the street
railway because .Tames obtained a garnishee against his
wages after he had paid 10 per cent a month interest on
$35 for 15 months, or a total of 150 per cent. . . . W.

IV. Karr, the disbursing officer of the National Museum at
Washington, which is operated as a bureau of the Smith¬
sonian Institution, was arrested June 7 on complaint of
Samuel P. Langley, secretary of the institution, on the
charge of embezzlement. Karr admitted his guilt and con¬
fessed to having stolen about $46,000. His peculations, he
admitted, began about 15 years ago. . . . The postal

officials have issued an order debarring from the use of the
mails Dr. Winfield & Co., of Richmond, Va., who advertised
a compound which would turn the skin of the blackest of
negroes to a lily white. The story is related that several
years ago Dr. Winfield met a celebrated French scientist,
who gave him his discovery, “marwin,” with which he guar¬
anteed to change red, black, blue, green or yellow to a beau¬
tiful pinkish white. Department chemists say “marwin”
is composed of bichloride of mercury, benzoin, glycerin and
distilled water. “While the compound has a temporary
bleaching effect, it is not permanently beneficial, but is
ultimately injurious,” says the Department fraud order.

. . . The large carpet mills of (he J. W. Dimick Carpet

Company, of Rifton, Ulster County, N. Y., have been closed
down owing to differences of the company with its employees,
and will not be opened until the principle of the open shop
becomes established there. The blow is a severe one to
business men of Kingston and Rosedale, as about 500 men
and women, with a payroll of over $200,000 a year, are
thrown out of work. The trouble grew out of differences
among the members of the weavers' union, the printers’
union and the carpet workers’ union, and the 23 printers
quit work without giving notice, which necessitated the
closing down of all the departments of the mills. Notice
has been given by the company that when the mills open
it will be only under the open shop principle. . .

Judge James M. Leathers, sitting as Special Judge in the
Indianapolis Criminal Court, June 8, acquitted William W.
Lowry, an attorney of that city, on the charge of violating
the new anti-cigarette law by “unlawfully owning and keep¬
ing a certain cigarette.” Mr. Lowry admitted that he had
cigarettes in his possession at the time the indictment was
returned, but Judge Leathers held that inasmuch as lie had
obtained his cigarettes in original packages from outside the
State lie engaged' in interstate commerce and was protected
by the interstate commerce clause of the Federal Constitu¬
tion, which, he held, is a shield against prosecution under
the new anti-cigarette law so long as the receiver of the
cigarettes does not peimit them to pass from his possession.

. . . Fire in the Granite Linen Mill, Wortendyke, N. J.,

June 8, caused a loss of $150,000. ... A fierce fire in

a New York auto garage June 11 caused a loss of machines
of $350,000 and $75,000 on the building. . . . Damage
estimated at $3,000,000 was reported from Keokuk, Iowa,
June 11, as the result of an unprecedented rise of eight feet
in the Mississippi River in less than 12 hours. Hundreds of
families were driven from their homes and bridges were
swept away, railroad tracks were washed out, trains tied
up and thousands of acres of crops destroyed. Back of
Alexandria, Mo., 100 square miles of farming country were
flooded. The Egyptian levee on the Missouri side broke.
A report from Alexandria, Mo., said the water was rushing
through the streets like a mill race. The water was from
one to three feet deep on the floors of houses. . . . With
a mass of evidence of graft accumulating against labor
leaders through the investigation of the Chicago Grand Jury
John C. Driscoll June 13 declared that he was ready to go
before the inquisitors and give the names of labor leaders
to whom he has paid money in the last two or three years.
Driscoll said that he was labor dictator of Chicago. lie had
settled or averted about 400 strikes, he said, and had paid
about $50,000 to labor officials for that purpose. There was
absolutely no change in the strike situation June 13. No
conferences were held and the employers declare that busi¬
ness lias almost resumed its normal condition. Police pro¬
tection has not been withdrawn from the wagons, however.

. . .Grave charges have been made against officials of

the California State Land Office by Francis J. Ileney. This
Government attorney has reported to Washington that con¬
ditions in California are worse than those in Oregon, in
connection with which United States Senator Mitchell and
Congressman Hermann were indicted by the Federal Grand
Jury. He has made accusations against men in California
offices, asserting they have been in league with speculators
such as Benson and Hyde, who have fraudulently acquired
vast tracts of public lands in California. . . . Fire

which started in a casket factory in Williamsburg, New
York, June 10, spread to a tin factory and nearly a dozen
dwellings, and caused a loss of $325,000. . . The New

Jersey Supreme Court, in a decision rendered by Justice
Fort, June 12, sustained the constitutionality of the law
which prohibits the shooting of live pigeons as a test of
markmanship. The case was before the court on review of
the conviction of Charles W. Davis in the Burlington County
Court for violating the law. Ltavis is a member of the River¬
ton Gun Club, and his violation of the law was planned for
the purpose of providing a test case. The Supreme Court
holds that the law is a proper exercise of the police powers
of the State. 1 . . Warren W. Dickson, chief postoflice

inspector in Philadelphia, has been suspended pending an
investigation into his conduct of the office. For several
weeks Inspectors Ryan and Cortelyou have been looking into
Dickson’s management Chief Dickson’s suspension is di¬
rectly due to the recent investigation by the inspectors into
the get-rich-quick schemes in Philadelphia. The Depart¬
ment at Washington is said to have become convinced tbat
Dickson did not report bis former investigations into these
concerns to Washington in as prompt a manner as the regu¬
lation required. Chief Dickson was also responsible for the
action of his subordinate, George W. Holden, who was sus¬
pended recently because of his acceptance of a loan of $1,100
from the head of the Storey Cotton Company when he was
investigating that concern.

ADMINISTRATION. — The Government is having trouble
in bringing to trial the politicians who are mixed up in the
land fraud cases. A remarkable state of affairs exists out in
Oregon, where Senator John H. Mitchell and a member of
the house from that State have been indicted for conspiracy
to defraud the Government in land deals. It has been nec¬
essary for President Roosevelt to take extreme measures with
several Federal office holders in Oregon as a result of their
attempts to prevent the punishment of the indicted land
“grafters.” Former United States District Attorney Hall
was peremptorily removed by order of the President because
he showed no disposition to’ bring Mitchell to trial. A few
weeks ago United States Marshal Matthews, at Portland,
had his head chopped off by an order of the President. The
reason given was that Matthews was hindering the prosecu¬
tion of Mitchell, whose campaign manager he used to be.
Senator Mitchell will make a desperate attempt to free him¬

self from the cha rges of wrongctoing. He has engaged ex-
Senator John M, Thurston, of Nebraska, to defend him.
Thurston is one of the b’est men in the country at this busi¬
ness. Local feeling runs high in Portland. Mitchell has
many strong friends who are standing stanchly by him in
his present difficulty. Public sentiment is divided on the
question of his guilt . . . The Postoffice Department

has called the attention of postmasters throughout the coun¬
try to a regulation forbidding carriers to sell tickets for
picnics to families on their routes, or to have any negotia¬
tions which are, in effect, asking for sums of money, which
it would not be pleasant for the recipient of mail to refuse.
The regulation is sweeping and comprehensive. Reports have
come in of late regarding various enterprises of this sort
which, it is assumed, had been started because the law has
been so little invoked of late. . . . The complaint of the

leading cotton manufacturers of the Southern States and
of various export associations throughout the United States
against the Chinese Exclusion law was brought to the atten¬
tion of President Roosevelt June 12 by a delegation of about
25 men, representing all the interests concerned. The dele¬
gation was headed by John Foord, secretary of the American-
Asiatic Association. A printed address was presented to the
President, in which it was represented that a serious boy¬
cott against American goods in China is threatened because
of the oppressive features of the exclusion act. The visitors
told the President that insulting and humiliating treatment
of the privileged classes of Chinese by our immigration offi¬
cers should cease, and they declared that China has the best
of reasons for resenting our treatment of her subjects. They
proposed that the unfortunate effects of the exclusion law
should be neutralized as far as possible by suitable treaty
arrangements, but the President, without saying so in so
many words, rather discouraged this view of the matter. He
advised the visitors to talk with the Congressmen from their
several districts to the end that relief might be obtained
from the National Legislature.

NORWAY-SWEDEN. — The Storthing (Norwegian Parlia¬
ment, at Christiania, June 7. declared the union between
Norway and Sweden dissolved and affirmed that the King
of Sweden is no longer King of Norway. A resolution was
adopted unanimously empowering the present members of
the Norwegian State Council to exercise until further notice,
as the Government of Norway, the power hitherto apper¬
taining to the King. An address to the King was adopted
declaring that no ill feeling was entertained toward him,
the dynasty or the Swedish nation, and asking his Majesty
to co-operate in the selection of a young Prince of the house
of Bernadotte to ascend the throne of Norway. In political
circles it is not believed that King Oscar will' agree to allow
a member of the house of Bernadotte to accept the crown of
Norway. If the Norwegians hold to their action Norway
will be an independent nation for the first time in more than
five centuries. In 1376, when the crown of the little Norse
kingdom fell to a Danish ruler, she passed under the sway of
that country and was only a Danish province, although an
unruly and independent one, until 1814. when she was passed
over to Sweden. The family of Bernadotte, to which King
Oscar belongs, is of comparatively recent origin. It was in
the reign of Charles XIII., who yielded up Finland to Rus¬
sia, that the Swedish Diet passed one of the most curious
acts of succession in history. It was the age of the Napo¬
leonic wars. Napoleon’s most serious rival in France was
Jean Bernadotte, a marshal of the empire. The son of a
country lawyer, Bernadotte had risen from the ranks to be
the second soldier of the Grand Army. He was made Min¬
ister of War during Napoleon’s absence in Egypt, and in that,
capacity he reorganized the army. Napoleon feared him
more than any other man in France. Swedish noblemen tak¬
ing part in the Napoleonic wars had encountered this Berna¬
dotte. Ilis ability, personality and ambition made a great
impression upon them. Ilis rivalry with Napoleon was a
matter of common knowledge. Charles XIII was childless.
The succession became a matter of concern to the Diet. The
collateral branches of the royal line had no strong candidate.
A coalition of nobles startled Europe by proposing Berna¬
dotte, a Frenchman, who had never even seen Sweden, as
Crown Prince and successor to the throne. They won their
point. Bernadotte accepted, and became at once virtual
ruler of Sweden. He silenced those Swedes who feared that
he would hand them over to Napoleon by joining a coalition
against France. With the help of England, Bernadotte
forced Denmark, in 1814, to hand over Norway to Sweden.
In return, Sweden ceded parts of Pomerania, her last pos¬
session on the mainland, to Denmark. Norway’s Diet for¬
mally refused to submit to the change of rule. Bernadotte
led an invasion at once, and conquered Norway with very
little trouble. When, in 1818, Bernadotte, came to the
throne as Charles XIV. he established the union of the two
countries. Each kept its old code of laws, with a few slight
modifications to make the joints fit. Each kept its national
assembly, with power to legislate for its own territory, sub¬
ject to royal veto. Both were represented in the Cabinet
From the very first Norway was independent and sullen.
A strong liberal party arose, in which there grew up an
undercurrent of sentiment for independence. Norwegian leg¬
islation has always been more liberal than that of Sweden.
Norway had a constitutional government from the first
Sweden gained its full constitution only in 1860. In Nor¬
way all adult males and all adult females having an income
of more than 300 kroner are voters. In Sweden the fran-
chinse is so limited by property qualifications that the pro¬
portion of electors is small. King Oscar has sent a letter
to the Storthing in reference to the secession of Norway
from Sweden. He declares that the oath he took when the
became Norway’s King prevents him from passing over in
silence the action of the Norwegian Government in breaking
the bonds tbat united Norway to Sweden. He contends that
when he vetoed the bill providing for separate Consuls for
Norway he acted within the prerogative conferred on him
by the Constitution. Indeed, it was a duty demanded by
consideration for the union. He points out that it is not
compatible with the fundamental principles of the Norwegian
monarchy that the King should become a mere tool in the
bands of the State Council. Moreover, he is not only King
of Norway, but of the union. Consequently he is also King
of Sweden, and if the Norwegian nation demands the right
to force him to give a decision which, in his opinion, is con¬
trary to the interests of the union and Sweden, the logical
conclusion is that the King’s decisions must be dependent
wholly upon the will of the Norwegian nation and Council.

CROP NOTES FROM ILLINOIS.

I have not traveled much this Summer, but locally the
prospect for apples is good, with the curculio and scab yet
to be counted in. Spraying is not general here, except with
those who make fruit growing a business. Bears were in¬
jured badly by a freeze in early April. Peaches a failure,
same cause, riums as usual will be plentiful and cheap.
This is not a popular fruit here, as we cannot raise the bet¬
ter kinds. Both the Domestica and Japanese, from one
cause or another, fail on the black prairie soil of central
Illinois, and the same may be said of sweet cherries, English
gooseberries and quinces. Anthracnose is the bane of the
raspberry here, and many, if not most, of the small fruit
men have dropped it. Cherries, such as Early Richmond
and some of the Montmorency succeed, and the crop this
season is an average one. Strawberries have given an av¬
erage crop that ripened a week early and brought an average
price of $1.50 per 24-quart crate. This price applies to the
average berry; fine, large ones were a dollar higher. The
blackberry crop will be plentiful. More Snyders are planted
than all the other varieties combined. Gooseberries were
injured by the early freeze before spoken of, and the crop
is not large. Houghton and Downing are most planted, but
the first is too small and the last not productive enough
here. Pearl does not seem to differ from Downing here.
The Champion, which I received from Oregon 20 years ago,
is the best all-around gooseberry we have here. Locally
the currant crop was ruined by hail. Hail is more destruc¬
tive to the currant than any other fruit I know of. There
are many good varieties. London Market, Wilder, Victoria,
White Grape, etc. Some of the newer ones T have not
fruited sufficiently to pass an opinion on. The currant
needs a cooler Summer than we have here. Some varieties
blight, some are subject to the borer, as the Fay and others;
some to the leaf aphis, as the Long Bunch Holland. Per¬
simmons and papaws promise well. The former I have
sharply headed back this year to find ff it is possible to

keep them within step-ladder bounds, as we may the peach
and plum.

I have not examined the nuts closely, but notice that the
Ridgely chestnut is tasseling out bountifully, and a large
seedling hazelnut that I have is as usual setting quite full.
Grapes are in good shape, but rather late. Just why the
grape should be late and the strawberry early I do not
know. Nor can I explain why peaches should have endured
a temperature of 30 degrees below zero and still promise
a good crop (until our April freeze) when by all rules 20
degrees below should have killed them all. Although not from
Missouri, I still have to be “shown.” I fought the Apple cur¬
culio last Fall with fire, burning the leaves and trash cleanly
wherever the fire would run, and I think with some good
results. As to other farm crops, we always raise corn here
if they do anywhere. Much replanting has been done, be¬
cause of a cold April and May, but we expect a good crop
yet. We do not raise wheat. Oats are in good shape and
potatoes also. The ground from some cause broke up last
Spring unusually mellow and free from clods, which is quite
a point in favor of all crops. Gardens, because of recent
dry weather, have lost more of their weeds than usual, which
is not saying much. I think Timothy meadows are some¬
what shortened lately from lack of rain, but still hay will
be an average crop. But little rye and no barley is sown
in this part. Not many side crops. Central Illinois lives
on corn, hogs, cattle and pasture. b. bgckman.

Sangamon Co., Ill. _

CROP PROSPECTS .

The weather here is wet and cold. Wheat, oats and grass
are almost too rank in growth ; corn nearly a failure ; gar¬
dens backward and poor. All hot weather crops slow and
small. Fruit, in general, medium in quantity. Potato plant¬
ing not finished. o. t. w.

Fairport, N. Y.

Although great damage was done to the fruit industry in
eastern and southern Virginia by late freeze, yet the main
fruit sections of the State suffered but little. Therefore we
have every prospect of a good crop of both peaches and
apples, especially the latter. Thus far we have had a re¬
markably good season for all manner of crops, and Virginia
will thus continue to have “good times.” h. l. p.

Blacksburg, Va.

The outlook for a fruit crop is not as promising as last
year. Apples will not be over 40 per cent of a full crop ;
pears a failure ; plums very light crop. Peaches set well
and may reach a full crop in favored locations, but were
somewhat damaged on low land by the frost In May. Cher¬
ries are a very uneven crop, perhaps 30 to 40 per cent.
Wheat promises a full crop. Oats are doing well ; also corn
and potatoes. g. w. h.

Callery, Pa.

Raspberries are sometimes harvested by batting them upon
a light canvas covered frame, carried in front of operator,
supported by straps from shoulders. Fruit to be gathered
by this process must be fully ripe. The dried product is
run through ordinary fanning mill to remove leaves, or some¬
times hand sorted. Two cents per quart is usual price for
picking, and is cheaper than “batting” when possible to get
operators. Ben Davis promises a record-breaking crop. Hub-
bardston and Twenty Ounce average. e. w. c.

Wayne Co., N. Y.

The outlook for fruit in Orleans County, N. Y., is very
good ; with the exception of the Baldwins it is equal to the
crop of last year. All small fruits will be a full crop.
Meadows show well, especially new seeding, which has not
looked better in years. Wheat, oats and barley are looking
first class ; there is a large acreage of potatoes and beans
planted this year. Sweet corn and tomatoes are getting to
be quite a leading crop for canning factories, which is prov¬
ing to be profitable for the farmers; everything seems to be
favorable for the farmers this season, and they are feeling
well over the prospects for the season’s crops. j. b.

Albion, N. Y.

The cold rains and frosts of April 17-21 injured the
apples very badly wherever they were in bloom. The south
half of the State will not have over 35 to 40 per cent of a
crop ; the north half in some cases a little better, possibly
40 to 50 per cent. There is still danger from dropping.
The peach crop is a failure. Pears are about one-third crop ;
plums will be full crop ; cherries also ; raspberries one-half
crop; blackberries two-thirds; grapes full crop. Meadows
and pastures never were better. Corn backward, but grow¬
ing nicely now; oats a fine prospect; wheat looks fine and
prospect 95 per cent. l. a. Goodman.

Missouri.

Fruit of all kinds has blossomed very full, with the
exception of the Baldwin trees that bore heavily last year,
and also the Greenings. Other varieties have blossomed
very full, and if we are to judge by the blossoms I would
think the prospect nearly as good as last year at this time.
Pears, plums and cherries I think promise to be fully as
good a crop as last year. Wheat and rye are very promis¬
ing. The season up to June 5 has been rather dry, but fine
weather for getting in crops and for work of all kinds. We
have had a fine rain this week ; the ground is thoroughly
wet, and crops of all kinds are looking well.

Ontario Co., N. Y. p. e. v. e.

The fruit prospect on the whole is average. Apples one-
half of full crop; pears 35 per cent; peaches 150 per cent.
I do not think I ever saw peach trees so full of fruit.
Cherries just harvested, and the yield was far above an
average. Plums of all kinds 25 per cent of full crop,
grapes 100 per cent. We will have three times as much fruit
this season as we had last year ; short crop last season. The
prospect for oats was never better. The crop was sown early,
and it has been wet all season so far, just ideal for oats.
Grass and pasture fine. The wheat is ripening and promises
an average crop. Harvest will be a week or 10 days earlier
than usual. w. w. s.

Salem, Ind.

I believe that apples will be a rather short crop in central
and northern Ohio. The trees that bore heavily last season
are resting and those that did not bear have but a- light
setting of fruit. The promise for peaches at the station is
better than usual, quite a number of varieties showing a fair
setting of fruit. There will evidently be another heavy
crop of the native varieties of plums. A few of the Japanese
sorts are also promising. The European varieties which
bore so abundantly last year are now resting. The straw¬
berry crop has been materially decreased by imperfect polli¬
nation caused by cold, wet weather and a succeeding frost
that cut from 50 to 75 per cent of the flowers that were
out at the time of its occurrence. Prospect for blackberries
and raspberries good. F. h. b.

Ohio.

BUSINESS BITS.

Ebtel’s hay press book is yours for the asking. The
man who is to spend money for a hay press should learn all
about it beforehand, and this book is intended to answer all
bis questions, showing him what is necessary in a good hay
press. Send a postal card to George Ertel Co., Quincy, Ill.,
who will send this 80-page book free.

The Tapec Machine Co., of Lima. N. Y., manufactures
the I’apec pneumatic silage cutter and guarantees that it
will cut and elevate more silage with less power in less
time and with less trouble to the operator than any other
blower silage cutter made. Write to this concern at above
address for their free catalogue and investigate before
you buy.

The Manson Campbell Co.. Ltd., of Detroit, Mich., makers
of the Chatham fanning mill, have perfected a device by
means of which perfect separation of wheat and oats is
made. It is in the form of a new riddle with an ingenious
jumping attachment, and has 4,500 different parts. This
will supply the extensive demand from all parts of the
country for an oats-from-wheat separator, and the new style
Chatham fanning mill will have this improvement and a new
corn screen, which grades corn perfectly. All interested
should send to the Manson Campbell Co.. Ltd.. 40B Wesson
Avenue, Detroit. Mich., for the new Chatham TJook.

494

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 24,

f Woman and Home

From Day to Day.

THE DANCING WIND.

Now all the world Is dancing,

For the merry wind doth play
A tune of .Spring on a golden string
As he goes upon his way.

The great trees dance together,

And bend, as the wind sweeps by,

To kiss his feet, as the violets sweet
Peep out at the windy sky.

And in the spreading meadows
The ranks of the fresh green grass,

Dance to and fro as the wind doth blow,
And laugh to hear him pass.

The white clouds, too, are dancing,

Across the wild Spring sky
But he drives them home, when they fain
would roam,

'jo the west where the sun will die.

The daffodils and lilies

Beside the garden wall

Dance to his song the whole day long

Till evening shadows fall.

And when the world is sleeping,

And stars their light have shown
The wild wind sings to his golden strings
And dances all alone.

— Sidney Hesselrigge, in the London Garden.

*

Aseptic drinking cups recently noted
were intended for use in traveling. They
were made of parchment paper and while
entirely waterproof, could be carried as
easily as a little paper bag. They cost 2/2
cents each.

*

To clean a soiled white straw hat, dis¬
solve two teaspoonfuls of oxalic acid in a
pint of warm water, and then carefully
scrub the hat with this, using an old nail¬
brush for the purpose. As the scrubbing
proceeds, mop up the discolored water
with a white rag, so that it has no chance
to sink into the straw. It may be 'neces¬
sary to go over the straw a second time,
but this it better than actually soaking the
straw with the acid, which is very likely
to rot it.

*

Some of the prettiest “bungalow” furni¬
ture now offered for the country home
shows various combinations of woven rat¬
tan. I he framework is plain wood in pol¬
ished natural finish, the rattan forming
back and sides of the seats, or tops and
wings of tables. T he rattan is woven as
for ordinary cane seats, but the cushions
are of bungalow cloth, green, blue or tan.
This furniture is very light (a great ad¬
vantage over the “mission” style), very
durable, and artistic in its simplicity. Of
course it is not cheap; settees cost from
$18 to $25; chairs $10 to $15; tables $10
to $12.50.

*

The following recipe for the rich Bar-
le-Duc preserves is given by the Boston
Cooking School Magazine. The removal
of the seeds is, however, too much of a
“chore'’ for the average housekeeper :
Take selected red (or white) currants of
large size, one by one, carefully make
an incision in the skin, one-fourth an inch
in size, with tiny embroidery scissors.
Through this slit, with a sharp needle,
remove the seeds, separately, preserving
the shape of the fruit. Take the weight of
the currants in strained honey and, when
hot, add the currants. Let simmer a min¬
ute or two, then seal as jelly. The cur¬
rants retain their shape, are of a beautiful
color and melt in the mouth. Should the
currants liquefy the honey too much,
carefully skim them out, reduce the syrup
at a gentle simmer to desired consist¬
ency and store as before after adding the
fruit.

*

Recent newspaper disclosures have
awakened the public conscience to the ex¬
istence of unspeakable corruption in polit¬
ical and commercial life, which is all the
more dangerous because its exponents are
among those classified among our “re¬
spectable” element. It would be well for
us to consider how much of this corrup¬
tion owes its birth to home influences.
A case recently brought before us illus¬

trates this. A boy received from his father
a pair of $1.50 skates for a Christmas gift.
The skates were bought from a friend in
the hardware business, who gave one-
third discount. The boy was dissatisfied
with the skates, and tried to exchange
them for another style; failing this, he
tried to return them, but demanded $1.50,
the full retail price, instead of $1, the
amount actually paid. This was refused,
to the boy took the skates to a big de¬
partment store, asserted that he had
bought them there, and received $1.50 for
them. He did not even spend the $1.50
lie had thus obtained in this store, but
took his ill-gotten money to another firm,
where he thought he could get a better
bargain. Comment on this transaction is
unnecessary ; it is saddening to know that,
instead of showing this pitiful little con¬
fidence operator his dishonesty, the boy’s
father proudly related the whole transac¬
tion to his acquaintances, as proof of his
son’s business shrewdness and ability to
get along. It is quite possible that a boy
trained to such disregard of common hon¬
esty may make a financial success of life
(if not prematurely jailed) but what can
we expect from a home where such low
moral standards prevail ?

*

According to the American Florist, the
largest greenhouse establishment in
Springfield, Ill., containing 60,000 feet of
glass, belongs to a woman, Miss Bell
Miller. 1 he story of her remarkable suc¬
cess in business is best told by Miss Mil¬
ler herself : “I was a school girl in short
dresses,” she said, “when I first began
greenhouse growing. My house was a
dry goods box sunk into the earth and
covered with glass. Lettuce was my prin
cipal crop. 1 made my house with my
own hands, as my father kept a hard¬
ware store and gave me carpenters’ tools
which I learned to use. My lettuce proved
a success and with money I earned sell¬
ing it, I bought material for my first real
greenhouse. With the aid of my father’s
hired man I put it up. Ever since I have
done much of the work on my houses.

I can beat any man I ever saw putting in
glass.

"In my tiny greenhouse I grew car¬
nations and bedding plants and sold them
to my neighbors. The money I used to
build a larger house where I grew violets
As long as I looked after violets myself
I succeeded with them, but when I began
to leave the care to hired men they
wouldn’t grow. But my first violet houses
paid so well— violets in the Winter being
a novelty then in Springfield — that when
I quit school my brother persuaded mother
to give me $1,000 and let me enlarge my
plant and go into the flower raising busi¬
ness. I his was the only money ever given
me. 1 he plant has been extended since
with money earned by it. The $1,000 was
used to build a house for carnations.

I hat was 12 years ago and ever since the
business has grown. My retail trade is
among my own neighbors and I keep it
by never being too late on an order and
always sending the very best stock. One
poor rose in a dozen will spoil the appear¬
ance of the dozen and it never gets in
here.” _

To a Bashful Young Person.

A young relative came to visit us last
Winter, and since then a correspondence
has flourished between us. We found
him a shy, yet open-hearted lad, somewhat
under twenty, with an honesty and liveli¬
ness of thought and feeling which made
him a pleasant person to know. Tn a
letter received last week he makes this
confession and appeal :

“Do you know of any cure for bashful¬
ness? Is there any hope that an awkward
blushing, stammering idiot can conquer
himself? If there is not I’ve about made

up my mind to give up and stay at home.
I’ve tried all the rules I know but the
more I try not to think of myself, the
more I can’t think of anything else, and
whenever I’ve made a bold dash and tried
to do something to add to the happiness
of others, I have invariably stumbled over
three chairs, forgot to wait for a reply to
my questions, made people worried over
what ailed me and finally floundered into
some stupidity which would not have
overtaken me had I stayed in my corner.
You see I’ve lately become acquainted
with two families of young people in the
village and they are no end kind about
asking me to their homes. But it’s all
new to me, and I tret hot and mad for
hours after remembering the balks and
blunders I’ve made. It is torture to me,
and if it is no use their trying to make
anything of me I may as well give them
up. I suppose you’ll not know of any sure
cure. Peas in my shoes or pebbles under
my tongue would be gratefully endured if
there were a gleam of hope ahead.”

My first impulse was to send my young
friend a book I’ve lately been reading.
On second thought a letter seemed more
likely to carry comfort. For I felt that
there was comfort for him and this is the
best I could do toward pointing it out:

“By all means keep your new friends.
Heaven seldom sends us a richer bless¬
ing than friends we can admire and some¬
times look up to. They inspire us to do
our best, and are one of the deepest and
safest sources of happiness life has to
offer. Certainly you can conquer1 — not
your native shyness, but all the unhappy
effects of it. There are two ways, wait
till you are fifty and you will have out¬
grown it. You will then have found out
that there are no people whose opinion is
much worth minding and that you don’t
after all care a rap what they do think
of you.

“The other way reaches the same or
better results by a short cut. Firstly, you
must not care if you are bashful. Some
people have yellow hair, some black. Some
are born self-assertive, some retiring. You
don’t quarrel with the color of your hair,
accept your temperament too, and be sure
that all the world has a kindly feeling
for the bashful person. It is not a bad
sort to be. Try to find it amusing, not
everybody knows the lively sensations im¬
parted by a blushing skin and a halting
tongue. If your growth in character lies
along those lines of experience explore
them thoroughly. There is strength and
usefulness for you in places where the
bold man could never find admittance.
The man who is capable of stage fright
has a susceptibility of feeling which en¬
ables him to draw his audience to him
in ways impossible to those of a cold,
self-sufficient nature. This is as true of
ordinary conversation as of public speak¬
ing. Fate has not dealt unkindly by the
bashful man. Be content to be bashful,
but strive to be the most cheerful, amus¬
ing. frankly diffident person you can im¬
agine.”

“There is a secondly which goes to the
root of our self-consciousness. We all
want to appear well before others. Many
people are extremely self-conscious but
assume that they are making always a fine
appearance. They all the time observe,
admire and approve of themselves. Their
bondage is fully equal to that of the bash¬
ful person, and the hopelessness of their
slavery is pitiful. Until they awake to it
there is no possibility of better things for
them. To be always asking that people
think well of us is a childish impulse of
which we become ashamed when we look
it in the face. Call it by name and we
see how truly selfish it is. Surely not a
thing to agonize one and insist that we
must have. There is a funny side to this,
too. Picture yourself one of a roomful
of twenty people, each of the nineteen
eager for the approval of all the rest, and
nobody with time or thought left for
approving. A audience is the great need.
Make that your part. Be willing to give
to others what you at first thought you
must have for yourself, you will soon
learn to greatly enjoy your generosity, nor
would you willingly strut upon the stage
while there is a seat in the house from
which applause is welcome.

“Have I made it clear? You are to be
perfectly willing to be bashful, and then
you are to learn to scorn the selfishness
which asks, ‘what sort of a appearance
am I making? what do people think of
me?’ No one can foretell how difficult
or how long the fight will be for any par¬
ticular individual, but the field of battle
lies all within ourselves, victory is sure
and the reward great.”

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

IT WON’T R1POFF

ROOFING

A Ready Roofing, which u proof against all
kinds of weather, and an absolute protection
against storms. It is faced with a mineral surface
that will wear for years without repair.

Farmers will like it, for it can be laid by anyone
old enough to be trusted on the roof.

Sample free for the asking.

BARRETT MASL'FACTURISO COMPASY.

Sew York Chicago Philadelphia

Allegheny Kansan City New Orleans

Cleveland 8t. Louis Cincinnati

Minneapolis

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . $2.50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, .50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New York.

The

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AT

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direct from fac¬
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saving you deal¬
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price list to

Reeve Mfg. Co.,

27 Main Street,
Cortland, N. Y.

TELEPHONES

ANI) DINE MATERIAL FOB

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so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

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Enjoy the comfort and
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Free trial sample
Write for “The
how to Dress

The J. B. Williams Co Glastonbury, Conn.

Banner Lye

10 tbs hard soap or 20 gallons soft soap
Costs 10 cents Takes 10 minutes No boiling

makes pure soap

r BICYCLES ON TRIAL

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fe Models */0 tO *24

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500 Second-Hand Wheel*

All makes & Mod- « Q $ O

els good, as new O Hr O
RIDER AGENTS WANTED in
each town at good pay. Write at once for
Special Offer on sample bicycle.
TIKES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES.
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept, w so CHICAGO

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

1905.

495

Four Good Candies.

Chocolate Caramels. — Three pounds
brown sugar, one-half pound unsweetened
chocolate, one-fourth pound butter, one
pint of cream or milk. Cook till it strings.
Just before taking from the fire put in a
little vanilla, according to taste. Pour
into a buttered pan, and mark into squares
When partly cool.

Virginia Taffy. — Stir together three cup¬
fuls of New Orleans molasses and a cup¬
ful of brown sugar. Add a gill of vin¬
egar and put OY# the fire in a porcelain-
lined sauceptog. Bring slowly to a boil
and stir the syjfcp often as it cooks. I est
the candy from time to time by dropping
a bit into iced water. As soon as this bit
hardens stir into the boiling syrup a heap¬
ing teaspoonful of butter; when this melts
add a teaspoonful of baking soda dissolved
in a tablespoon fnl of boiling water and
remove immediately from the fire. Pour
into buttered tins and cut into diamond¬
shaped candies.

Coffee Creams.— Boil together half a
cup of strong coffee and two cups of
sugar until the syrup strings when it drips
from a spoon. Remove from the fire and
beat hard until it is creamy. Stir in a
cupful of chopped nuts and pour into a
shallow buttered tin to cool. Cut into
squares after it is quite cold. A little but¬
ter added just before taking from the fire
is an improvement.

Nut or Fruit Fudge— Boil two cups of
sugar, one of water and a tablespoon fid
of butter together, fudge fashion, but,
just before you pour it out, stir in a cup¬
ful of finely chopped nut kernels, prefer¬
ably hickory nuts or walnuts, or perhaps
a little of every kind. Then pour out and
cut before it gets cold. Or, for fruit
fudge, pour in chopped candied fruits ;
but the nuts make the more delicious
candy. _ __

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural Patterns.

and

and

Making or Buying Readymade.

With the arrival of the new year the
good housewife takes an inventory,
spends many of her leisure hours
stormy days in replenishing and repairing
the household stock of muslin, bedding
and underwear, and Summer clothing,
such as print, lawn or gingham dresses,
and the indispensable shirtwaists, which
can be made much easier then than in
Summer, and she has the satisfaction of
feeling that she is all ready for warm
weather when it conies. Here I fancy that
1 hear some woman say: “But you can buy
muslin underwear, shirtwaists, wrappers
and children’s ginghams and prints almost
as cheap readymade as you can buy the ma¬
terial.” But I deny the fact, and can
prove it ; moreover, a woman of good
judgment will not buy any such quality
of material as is put into these cheap
readymade garments, unless you run across
a bargain sale late in the season, after you
have left off Summer clothes and need
your money to prepare for W inter. Such
bargains are seldom satisfactory the fol¬
lowing season, as there is always some
change in style. You may perhaps find
a 50-cent waist or wrapper made of flimsy
three-cent print, while the $1 waist will
be a poor quality of cambric. 1 he cheap
muslin underwear which comes near the
price of material will be nothing but
strainer cloth after washing, and the chil¬
dren’s dresses will be scant and far from
fast in quality or color. In order to get
good quality, fairly made, you have got to
pay a good price.

I know of women who do not hesitate at
$2 or $2 for a waist, who buy the mate¬
rial and hire them made because they are
so much more satisfactory. There is cer¬
tainly some excuse for business women
who are pressed for time, or those unable
to sew, who are able to buy high-grade
goods, buying readymade. But for the
wives and daughters of common everyday
laborers (whether mechanics or farmers),
whose duty it is to make their allowance
of husband’s or father’s hard-earned
money go as far as possible, there is no
exefise. To buy the high-priced is extrav¬
agance, and the cheap quality and make

poor economy. I have known these women
to waste hours and days through the Win¬
ter, perhaps bewailing the fate which keeps
them indoors, and complaining of dull
days and long evenings, which might be
very profitably and pk santly spent doing
plain sewing, and who' are bringing up
their daughters in this mistaken idea that
it is really cheaper to live in idleness, ig¬
norant of the ever useful art of sewing,
because they can buy these machine-made
readymade garments so cheap. Not that
I would deny the advantage of sewing ma¬
chines, but no woman can make a satis¬
factory garment unless adept at hand sew¬
ing as well. It is these little finishing
touches that must be done by hand, that
distinguish the well-made from the slack-
made garment.

It would seem advisable for som
women who cling to this mistaken idea to
sit down and reckon up how much good
quality material she needs to replenish her
household, and then reckon up how much
even the cheap grade of readymade gar¬
ments will amount to, and decide at once
which will be the cheapest and most sat¬
isfactory. I think she will decide that a
little plain sewing will be a good remedy
for lonely hours which may be profitably
spent. AI.tCE E. PINNEY.

Painted Ceilings.

We have had several of our ceilings
overhead painted this Spring, instead of
whitened, and we are much pleased with
the result. Old ceilings — ours are about
75 years old — are hard to treat with white¬
wash. The smoke and grime of years
stains through in a very short time, and
the whitewash scales and flakes off, leav¬
ing dark, unsightly patches. Painted ceil¬
ings are said to be permanent, lasting for
years and needing only an occasional wip¬
ing over with a damp cloth. While the
first cost is from a third to a half greater,
it is far more economical in the long run,
to say nothing of the saving in wear and
tear of nerves incidental to freouent white¬
washing. Three coats are required, and
the first one takes a good deal of paint, as
it strikes into the surface. The second coat
looks very nice, but when dry shows dull
places where it has struck in. 1 he third
coat covers all these places and gives an
even gloss all over the ceiling.

It is not well to try for a pure white
ceiling, especially in a much used room,
as white paint will turn a shade of yel¬
low that is not pretty in a short time.
We had our ceilings painted light gray,
but if one preferred the paint could be
tinted with blue, green or yellow.

SUSAN B. ROBBINS.

Blouse waists worn with chemisettes,
make pronounced favorites, and will ex¬
tend their vogue for many months to
come. No. 4945 is charmingly graceful
and simple, and includes sleeves shirred to
form puffs above the elbows, so reducing
the apparent breadth. In the case of the
model the material is almond green chiffon
taffeta, the chemisette and cuffs being of
the material banded with tiny braid and
the belt of chiffon velvet. The tucks at
the back give the effect of broad shoulders
with a small waist, while those at the

[STANDARD FOR FOURTEEN YEARS

Ruberoid is and has been for fourteen years the
standard of roofing quality, it was the first weather¬
proof and elastic ready-to-lay roofing placed on the
market anil there is more of it in use to-day than of
any other roofing. Contains no tar or paper. Will
not melt, rot or tear. Highly fire-resisting.

Ruberoid Rooting outlasts tin, iron and shingles.
Lasts indefinitely with ordinary attention.

Do not bo imposed upon by inferior imitations
Look for the registered trade mark "RUBEROID”
stamped on the under side, every four feet. No
other is genuine. Send for samples and booklet "K
The Standard Paint Co., Sole Manufacturers
100 William St., New York.

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination

CALDWELL

Tanks don’t leak. They
are made rl^ht. We build
tanks of Everlasting Cy¬
press; also White Pine.
We have hundreds we
can refer to in your
vicinity. Pend for Illus¬
trated catalogue and
price list.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

4945 Blouse Waist, 32 to 40 bust

front provide becoming fullness,
waist consists of the fitted lining, which
closes at the centre front, fronts and back.
The chemisette is separate and arranged
under the fronts, and the shirred sleeves
are arranged over foundations which are
faced to form the cuffs. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
5 )/z yards
44 inches

wide for belt. The pattern 4945 is cut in
sizes for a 32, 34. 36, 38 and 40 inch bust
measure; price 10 cents.

'I'he fancy Eton always makes a pretty
and attractive wrap. No. 5054 is made
of taffeta with banding of lace and
matches the skirt but it is pretty in pongee
or rajah in the natural color, or is suited
to the separate wrap as well as to the

21, 4)4 yards 27, or 2)4 yards
wide, with )4 yards 21 inches

Wage Earners f ^
P a \ You •

#25 upward, with¬
drawable on BO
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn
Ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

/yrit LOANS are secured
^ l»y mortgages on suburban
liomcH owned bv ambitions
wage-earners, paying all inter
out and part principle MONTHLY
You would choose h uch invest
uieiitH for SAFETY We pul
lie in within your reach, paying
• p. c. per annum on xiiuim larg<
or small FROM DAY OF KK
CK1PT TO DATE OF WITH
DRAWAL. Conservative in
vestors will appreciate a plan
all' rdlng all the security ami
protit without the aunoyanc
uf individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings and Loan Co
5 Times Bl’d’g, H’wy, N.Y. City

The Bookshelf.

On the We-a Trail, by Caroline
Brown. This popular book has just been
published by the Macmillan Company in
the 25-cent Paper Novel Series. It deals
with the same Revolutionary period as
“Alice of Old Vincennes” and “The
Crossing,” and oddly enough, some of the
same personages appear in all three books.
While not a “juvenile,” this hook will ap¬
peal strongly to young people, and give
a insight into the real romance of Amer¬
ican history.

The Fat of the Land, Dr. Streeter’s
story of a factory farm, is now published
in Macmillan’s Paper Novel Series, price
25 cents.

Successful Fruit Culture; 274 pages;
133 illustrations, Orange Judd Co., New
York. Prof. Maynard has had extensive
experience as a horticulturist, and has
filled this book full of valuable informa¬
tion that can be got at readily by the busy
man. Price, postpaid, from this office, $1.

Monarch

Hydraulic

PRESS

;j -FOR-

J CIDER, WINE

_ - Greatest ca-

f pacify , best results with least power. Steel beams,
sills, ete. Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Feature* Thla Year.

Gasoline engines, stationary , portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co’a. Bollara, Englnam, Saw
Mills, Threahara. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co..

Room 181. 39 Cortland! St., N.Y.m’v

piDE

V » Can h
right 1

6054 Box Plaited Eton. 32 to 40 bust.

costume, while the trimming can be any
appropriate banding that may be liked.
The little Eton is made with fronts and
back, with the full sleeves, all of which
are laid in 'box pleats. The big collar
finishes the neck and extends well over
the shoulders, giving the fashionable broad
line. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 4 'A yards 21, 3?4j
yards 27, or 2'/ yards 44 inches wide with
7J 4 yards of banding. The pattern 5054
is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40
inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

R MAKING

be made profitable if the
kind of machinery is used.
WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,
118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

SEE THAT YOUR TICKET READS VIA THE

NICKEL PLATE ROAD.

If you are going to Erie, Cleveland, Ft.
Wayne, Chicago or beyond, and you will be
assured a most satisfactory trip at the lowest
possible cost. Through Pullman sleepers from
New York and Boston to points above men¬
tioned. Elegant high hack seat day coaches.
Famous Dining Car Service.

For rates to any point West or on the Pa¬
cific Coast, and before arranging for your trip,
write R. E. Payne, General Agent, 291 Main
St., Buffalo, N. Y., or A. W. Ecclestone, D.
P. A., 385 Broadway, New Y’ork City.

[MRS. WINSLOW’S
! SOOTHING SYRUP

_ _ d by Millions of Mothers for their

children while Teething for over Fifty Years. 1

_ _ ag

It soothes the child, softens the

anas, allays I

_ . gun .

all pain, cures wind collo, and is the best (
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

STOP THAT COUGH

«“ JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

fr

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known (Sb used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

496

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

June 24,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, June 24, 1005.

FARM TOPICS.

Soil for Inoculating Alfalfa . 486

Why Farmers Fail . 486

Silo Outside or In? . . . 487

Lime Needed Here . 488

Fighting the Asparagus Beetle . 488

Lime and Fertilizer with Itye . 488

Grass Root Diggers . 489

Cutting Alfalfa . 490

Hope Farm Notes . 491

Crop Notes from Illinois . 493

Crop Prospects . 493

IIow We Use Dynamite . 497

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Mapes. the Hen Man . 487

A Guarantee for Eggs . 488

llolstein-Friesian Sale . 496

Cows that Chew Bones . 497

Some Experiments in Feeding . 498

Cribbing Horses . 498

Horse With Bad Habit . 498

Angora Goats . 498

A Postponed Twin Calf . 498

An Argument for the Mule . 499

HORTICULTURE.

Fruit Growing on Rough Land . 485, 486

A Public Sprayer . 486

Tall Tomatoes Failing . 486

Insects Convey Brown Rot . 486

A Compost for Tree Planting . 486

Growing Carnations and Pansies . 487

More About “Horticultural Advice”.... 487

Treatment for Apple Blight . 488

Shall We Spray Strawl>erries? . 489

Machine-Picked Raspberries . 489

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 490

Fruit Futures . 490

Hopeful About the Scale . 490

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 494

To a Bashful Young Person . 494

Four Good Candies . 495

Making or Buying Readymade . 495

Painted Ceilings . 495

The Bookshelf . 495

The Rural Patterns . 495

MISCELLANEOUS.

An Old New England Kitchen . 487

Log.4 for Carrying Water . 489

Editorials . 492

Events of the Week . 493

Business Bits . 493

Publisher's Desk . 497

Humorous . 500

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending .Tune 17, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red . — @1.06

No. 1, Northern, Duluth... — @1.14%

No. 1, hard, Manitoba . — @1.08

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 60

Oats, mixed . — @ 35

Barley . — @ 46

FLOUR AND FEED.

Flour, Spring patent, bbl . 5.25 @6.85

Winter patent . 4.90 @5.25

No. 2 Winter . 3.10 @3.35

Rye . 4.25 @4.90

@3.00

@1.25

@17.85

@21.10

@23.10

@21.50

@30.00

@26.00

82% @

- ,

77

%@

80

65

@

—

55

@

60

50

@

65

(8)

05

50

@

55

—

@

50

45

@

—

50

@

—

70

@

75

50

@

60

45

@

50

- -

@

40

Cornmeal, kiln-dried, 100 . 2.90

Bag meal . 1.10

Spring bran . —

Standard middlings . 18.50

Red dog . . . —

Hominy chop . —

Oil meal . —

Cotton-seed meal . —

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime, large
No. 1, large 1ml

No. 2. large bales . 65

No. 3, large bales

Clover mixed . 50

Clover

Shipping . 50

Salt

No grade . 45

Packing . 50

Straw, 'ong rye .

Short and tangled rye

Oat and wheat . 4T

No grade . .

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.11 per 40-quart
can, netting two cents per quart to shippers
in 26-cent freight zone who have no extra sta¬
tion charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 19% @ 20

Firsts . 18 %@ 19

Seconds . 17% @ 18

Thirds . 16% @ 17

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. . 19 @ —

Tubs, firsts . (18 @ 1 18%

Tub3. seconds . . 16% @ 17%

Lower grades . 15% @ 16

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 17%@ —

Firsts . 16 @ 17

Western factory, fresh, lsts. . 15 @ 15%

Seconds . 14 @ 14%

Lower grades . — @ 13%

Renovated, extras . 16% @ 17

Firsts . 15 %@ 16

Seconds . 14% @ 15

Lower grades . 13% @ 14

Packing stock. No. 1 . 15 @ 15%

No. 2 . 13% @ 14%

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fine . 9% @ —

Small, fair to choice . 8%@ 9

Large, fine . 9%@

Light skims, choice . 7

Part skims, prime . 6

Full skims . 1

HOPS.

Choice, 1904 .

Medium to prime .

Ordinarv . 22

Olds . 10

German, 1904 .

@

@

7%

6%

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white.... 20@
Selected, white, good to ch. . 19 @

Fresh gathered, extra mixed 18 %@

Fresh gathered, firsts . 17 %@

Western, ch. to extra fancy... 17%@

Western, average best . - — @

Common to fair . 15 @

Kentucky, fair to prime . 14% @

Tennessee & other S’n . 14 % @

Southern, poor to fair . 10 @

DRIED FRUIT.

Apples, evaporated, fancy...

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to good.

Sun dried .

Chops, 100 lbs .

Waste . 9f

Raspberries . 23

Huckleberries . 10

Blackberries .

Cherries .

FRESH FRUITS

Apples, Spy, bbl .

Baldwin . 2.75

Ben Davis . 2

Russet . 2.75

Peaches, bushel carrier . 1.00

Plums, Ga., bu. carrier .

Lemons, Italian, fancy, 360s.

Oranges, Calif., box .

Grape fruit, Calif . 2.50

Limes, West Indies, bbl.

Pineapples, Fla., 24s . 2.00

Fla., 30s .

Fla., 36s .

Havana, 18s .

Havana, 24s . 1

Havana, 30s .

Havana, 36s .

Havana. 42s .

Strawberries, Md. & Del., qt.

South Jersey .

Upper Jersey .

Staten Island .

Up river .

Hilton and Irvington . 10

Raspberries, red, pint . 6

Blackberries, qt . 8

Huckleberries, qt . 10

Gooseberries, qt . 6

Musk melons, bu. crate . 1.00

Watermelons, 100 . 20.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel .

Marrow, common to good.

Medium, choice . 2.10

Medium, common to good.

Pea, choice .

Pea, common to good .

Red kidney, choice .

Red kidney, com. to good.

White kidney, choice .

Black turtle soup, choice.

Yellow eye, choice .

Lima, California .

Green peas, Scotch, bags. ...

21

19%

19

18

18

17

16

16

15

14

6

@ 6%

. 5

%@ 5%

4 1/4 @ 4 %

2

@ 4

@1.50

. 95

@1.00

. 23

@ 24

. 10

@ 11

7

@ 7%

1

@ 13%

3.

.3.00

@5.00

@3.50

@3.25

@3.25

1.00

@1.50

@1.75

2.90

@3.10

2.40

@4.50

@6.50

6.00

@6.50

2.00

@2.25

@2.00

@1.70

2.00

@2.25

@2.20

1.75

@1.80

1.45

@1.50

@1.35

(a

@

@

@

@

@

9
10
10
16
12
16
9

10
15
@ 8
@2.50
@40.00

VEGETABLES.
Potatoes, S'n, Rose, No. 1
S' n. Chill white. No. 1.

S'n, Chili red. No. 1...

Southern, seconds .

Southern, culls . 40

Old. 180 lbs .

Asparagus, Colossal, dozen..

Extra prime, dozen . .

Prime .

Culls . . .

Beets, South'n, 100 bunches

Carrots, old, bbl .

Southern, 100 bunches...

Cabbage, Norfolk, bbl .

Cauliflowers, hothouse, doz..

Cucumbers. Florida, bu .

Savannali . 1.25

Charleston . 1

North Carolina . 1.50

Norfolk . 1.50

Corn, Southern, 100 .

Celery, State & W'n, doz. st'ks

Egg plants, Florida, bu .

Lettuce, bbl .

Mushrooms, lb .

Onions, S'n. white, bu-crate..
Oyster plants, 100 bunches. .

Parsnips, bbl .

Peppers, Florida, 24-qt. carr.

Peas, Baltimore, June, bu...

Maryland. Telephone . 1.50

Maryland. Sugar .

Mai y land, June .

Jersey, Telephone . 1.50

Jersey, June .

Philadelphia .

Radishes, 100 bunches . 50

String beans. Charleston, bu

N. Carolina green . 75

N- Carolina, wax . 50

Spinach, bbl .

Squash, bbl. -crate . 1.00

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl...

White, 100 bunches . 1.00

Tomatoes, Florida. 24-qt. carr.
Watercress, 100 bunches . 1.00

LIVE
chickens, lb.

POULTRY.

Spring
Fowls

Old roosters .

Turkeys .

Ducks, pair .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED

Turkeys . 13

Chickens, fancy broilers, 3 to 4

lbs. to pair, lb .

Pennsylvania, broilers . 30

Western, broilers, dry picked
Western, broilers, scalded..
Southern, broilers, scalded..
Fowls, Western, med. size....
Western, heavy weights. . . .

So'n & Southw’n. med. size.

W’n & S'n fowls & chickens,

poor to fair .

Spring ducks, Long Is'd & E’n
Squabs, pme, large, white, doz.

Mixed . 2.12

Dark . 1.50

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.50

Bulls . 3.00

Cows . 2.00

Dressed beef

Milch cows with calves . 20.00

Calves, veal

27

@

28

24

@

26

22

@

23

To

@

12

50

@

60

@3.10

.2.60

Oi 3.00

.2.10

@2.15

.1.75

@ 2.05

—

@1.80

@1.75

. 2.70

@2.72%

.2.40

@2.65

.3.30

@3.40

.3.65

@3.70

.1.90

@1.95

. -

@3.80

. 97

%@1.00

. 1.25

@2.25

.1.00

@1.50

. 1.00

@1.37

7r>

(<T 90

. 40

@ 65

. 75

@1.00

. 2.50

@3.00

@2.00

@1.50

. 75

@1.00

.1.00

@3.00

@2.25

. 1 .00

@3.00

. 60

@ 75

.1.00

@1.50

.1.25

@1.50

@1.75

@2.00

@2.00

@2.00

.1.00

@2.00

s 30

@ 90

.1.00

@2.00

. 50

@1.00

. 10

@1.00

. 75

@1.00

. 2.00

@3.00

@ —

.1.50

@2.50

75

@1.00

@1.75

75

@ 85

85

@1.12

@2.00

, 1.00

@1.25

—

@1.00

, 50

@ —

50

@ 75

. 75

@1.25

50

@1.25

. 30

@ 50

1.00

@1.50

1.00

@1.50

@ —

50

@1.25

@ —

—

@ 1 3 V,

- -

@ 9

—

@ 12

60

@ 80

@1.25

—

@ 25

RY.

13

@ 17

35

@ 40

30

@ 35

. 28

@ SO

25

@ 26

20

@ 23

—

@ 12%

12

@ 12%

—

@ 12%

10

@ 1 1 %

—

@ 18

2.50

@2.75

2.1 2

@2.25

1.50

@1.62

@5.90

@4.50

2.00

@3.85

7 % @ 9 %

n.oo

@50.00

6.50

@7.50

Buttermilks and tailenders. . .4.00 @5.50

Sheep . 3.00 @4.50

Lambs . 5.50 @8.00

Hogs . 5.50 @5.85

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers.. 5 @ 10

Seconds . 25 @ 35

Fine wrappers . 60 @ 70

N. Y. State fillers . 3 @ 5

Average running lots . 5 @ 12

Pennsylvania broadleaf Bs.... 13 @ 14

Va. shipping com. lugs . 6 @ 6%

Com. to med. leaf . 7%@ 8%

Med. to good leaf . 9 @ 10

Good to fine leaf . 11 %@ 12%

Louisville hurley com. lugs... 10 @ 11%

Med. to good lugs . 11%@ 13%

Com. to good leaf . 10 @ 15%

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — • @49.00

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . — @12.50

Kalnit . — @12.50

Dried blood . — @46.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 5%
Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb. — • @ 2%

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN SALE.

At the llolstein-Friesian sale at Syracuse,
N. Y., last week, the cow Pontiac Netherland
DeKol, consigned by Stevens Brothers-Hast-
ings Co., brought the highest price, $1,000.
H. S. Gordon, ICerhonkson, N. Y., was the
buyer. The next highest was A. A. Cortel-
you's Creamelle 2d’s Princess, sold to Her¬
bert Barber, of Plattsburg, N. Y., for $600.

The following are names of buyers, number
of animals taken by each and total price :

Herbert Earlier, Plattsburg, N. YT., 11,
$1,970; F. W. Scott, Granville, N. Y., 7,

$1,240 ; Woodcrest Farm, Rifton, N. Y., 9,

$2,400; Otis M. Bigelow, Baldwinville, N. Y..
7, $970; II. S. Gordon, Rerhonkson, N. Y., 7,
$2,315 ; Davis Brothers, Clifford, N. Y., 5,

$645 ; Henry Stevens & Son, Laeona, N. Y.,
5, $1,245; F. R. Hazard, Syracuse, N. Y., 5,
$1,195; A. A. Cortelyou, Neshanic, N. J., 5,
$1,500; T. Carrigan, Concord, Mass., 4, $565;
J. B. Marcou, Princeton, Mass., 4, $880 ;

i rank W. Ames, Morristown, N. Y., 3, $375 ;
George A. Gilroy, Glen Buell, Ont., 3, $610;
G. A. Abbott, Cuyler, N. Y„ 2, $210; H. W.
Cobb, Pierrepont Manor, N. Y., 3, $410; II.
V. Noyes, Kenwood, N. Y., 3, $T»ST> ; J. P.
Crowell, Cato, N. Y., 3, $295 ; Walsh Bros.,
Babcock Dill, N. Y„ 3, $440; L. II. Corning,

Cortland, N. Y
Y 2
, $165
$265 ;
L. J.
George

, 2, $300; H. S. Finch, Rich-
$215 ; Otto L. Ives, Guilford,
George S. Loomis, Richland,
Delos Thompson, Oran, N. Y.,
Hoffman, Bridgewater, N. Y.,
Sloane, White Lake, N. Y., 2,

$55 ;

V., 1,

$250 ;
II. H.
S. E.
E. A.
$160 ;
Y., 1,
$420;
$150 ;
J. II.
E. E.

ford, N.

N. Y„ 2,

N. Y„ 2.

2, $165;

2, $290;

$260 ; George E. Jones, Concord, Mass., 2,
$150; Stafford County Farm, Dover, N. II.,
2, $280; William Stevens, Phillipsville, Ont.,
1, $130; T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport, N. Y.,
$180; II. K. Smith, Nelson. N. Y., 1
S. C. Brown, Clifford, N. Y.. 1, $190
Prickett, Fayetteville, O., 1, $185;
Harwood, Bennington, Vt., 1
Vandervort, Sidney Center, N.

R. G. Starkweather, Jordanville, N.

$175; W. E. Shinn, Columbus, N. .T., 1,

A. J. Richardson, Springville, N. Y., 1,

IT. II. Waite, Adams, N. 1, $200;
Selbach, Whitesboro, N. Y., 1, $105;

Poole, I.incklaen Ctr., N. Y., 1, $250 ; Jonathan
Wyekoff, Navarino, N. Y., 1, $185; II. L.
Bronson, Cortland, N. Y., 1, $90 ; W. W.
Cheney, Manlius, N. Y., 1, $165 ; C. F. Hunt.
Manlius, N. Y., 1, $50; Ilaviland Fuller, Ful¬
ton, N. Y., 1, $145; A. B. Owen, Goshen,
N. Y., 1, $90; F. P. Knowles, Auburn, Mass.,

I, $360; F. F. Walker, Burlington, Mass., 1,
$50; IT. L. Nottingham, Syracuse, N. Y., 1,
$80; F. Filsinger, Liverpool, N. Y., 1, $105;

J. II. D. Whitcomb, Littleton, Mass., 1,

C. L. Roberts, Basking Ridge, N. J., 1,

Frank Backman, Woodsport, N. Y\, 1,

George M. Bull, Slatersville Springs,

1, $100; Jarvis Brothers, Cooperstown, N. Y.,
1, $200; Jacob Todd, Jr., Millstone, N. J., 1,
$140 ; Frank Murray, West Winfield, N. Y.,
1, $120; E. L. Talbott, Burlington Flats,
N. Y„ 1, $235.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

$105 ;
$200 ;
$110;
N. Y.,

NEW HOTEL ALBERT

Cor. University Place and 11th Street,

NEW YORK CITY.

One Block Westof Broadway. European Plan.

The only absolutely, fire-proof transient hotel
below Twenty-third Street. First-class accom¬
modation at moderate rates. Rooms from
ONE DOLLAR per day up. One hundred
rooms, with private Bath, from TWO DOL¬
LARS per day up. Cuisine and service un-

aypaI 1 pi!

L. FRENKEL, - - Proprietor.

:22 Cream
Separator

FOR 525 ,00 we sell the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR. capacity, 200
pounds per hour; S50 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for 529.00:
BOO pounds capacity per hour for
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal of Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
5TB. 00 to SI 25.00.

OUR OFFER.

rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement if you
do not find by comparison
test and use that it w ill skiin’
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run ligliterand
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepald for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

FRUITS aid VEGETABLES

Strawberries. Blackberries, Huckleberries, Raspber¬
ries, Cherries, Peaches, Potatoes, Mushrooms, Fancy
Eggs, etc. We can secure top prices for choice pro¬
ducts. Write us what you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.
GKO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE. Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot-
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little 12th St., New York.

Only Soap that will satisfy you
Pratts Harness Soap.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

FOR SALE— FARM 222 ACRES

Johnson tp., Trumbull Company, Ohio. Fertile soil,
spring water, good fences, 8-room house, three barns.
Centralized school, R. F. D. mail. Immediate pos¬
session- Price @20 per acre.

George M, Smith, Court House, Warren, O.

A TTF MTin M— : Needing male

1 I kll I I I « help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail ordets a Specialty

I. 1IEKZ, OenL Mgr., 99Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J

3,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale through-
ottt New England and the South; "Strout’s Spring
List, describing and illustrating hundreds, many
• tools and growing crops included, mailed
FREE. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau
bt., New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

Government Irrigation.

States Government will construct an
IRRIGATIONJSYSTEM in Klamath County, Oregon,
embracing about 300,000 acres. This will open rich
lands for homes. Full and reliable information sent
on receipt of 50 cents, by W. 8. SLOUGH, Principal
Public Schools, Klamath Falls. Oregon.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our
For particulars write
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pymatuning St.. Linesville, Pa.

SILOS

8904;

FOR Q A I C -Ayrshire Bull CHERICOHE,

IUI1 OHLL two years old. Price, $50.00.
OLIVER SMITH & SON, Chateaugay. New York.

S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs. $1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
BUSH, R. No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKS

from good laying strain; one to four weeks old; 15 to
25 cents each.

M. C. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

BOOKS FOR SALE

Asparagus Culture, Hexamer . 50

Animal Breeding, Shaw . 1.50

A B C of Bee Culture, Root . 1.25

American Fruit Culturlst, Thomas . 2.50

A Woman's Hardy Garden, Mrs. Elv. . . 1.75
Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Business Hen, Coilingwood . .75

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Cauliflower. Crozler . 50

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Campbell's Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Corn Judging, Shamel . 50

Celery for Profit, Greiner . . .50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Domestic Sheep. Stewart . 1.50

Evolution of Our Native Fruits, Bailey. 2.00

Errors About Plants, Crozier . 25

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Everybody’s Paint Book, Gardner . 1.00

Farm Poultry, Watson . 1.25

Feeds and Feeding, Henry . 2.00

Feeding of Animals. Jordan . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing. Waugh 1.00
Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.00

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser. Law . 3.00

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fertilizers, Voorliees . 1.00

Fumigation Methods, Johnson . 1.00

Garden Making. Hunn and Bailey . 1.00

Greenhouse Construction, Taft . 1.50

Greenhouse Management, Taft . 1.50

Sent postpaid on receipt of price by
The Rural No.w-Yorkeb, New York.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

lionary ojiictioifn*14™tionTOiis,DXDcrn^£^^nBn?'/'XT-»t?J*,**0^S5/B.^^tn?,m- J8H.1c*c*D easlly started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
tionary ortracUon. Mention this paper. Sbwd for Catalogue. TliE TEMPLE PlfrlP CO-, Utn., Mca«hcr A l&th BU., Chicago, THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YliAR.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

1005.

TI1H RURAL NEW-YORKER

497

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

This morning’s mail brought two letters
from Massachusetts to my desk. Here is
one of them :

Isn't it somewhat singular that people in
the rural districts need so many warnings
against crooks and sharpers? Do get-rich-
quick schemes appeal to them more forcibly
than to others? I believe you are doing
good work educating your readers and teach¬
ing them how not to he caught with glitter¬
ing promises. c. f. w.

Massachusetts.

It is a mistake to suppose that people
in rural communities need more warning
in this matter than other people. There
is just as much trickery and more crook¬
edness successfully practiced in the cities
as in the country. The sharpers in the
city play a different game, but they get
the people’s money just the same, and
there is no attempt to warn them of the
danger. The daily papers report only
the big cases, and that after the damage
is done.

The other letter is as follows:

In reference to your expose recently of
W. E. Barnes, Providence. R. I., you will find
enclosed clipping from Providence Evening
Bulletin, of June 10, from which you will
see that he will not trouble farmers for the
next twelve months. g. w. a.

Massachusetts.

Old readers will remember Mr. Barnes
had the effrontery to send The R. N.-Y.
a check in advance with an order for
advertising same as he was running in
several of the eastern farm and local
papers. Our investigations showed that
he was a crook of the first rank. We
returned his check, .and exposed his
methods. As one result of the exposure
the postal authorities cut off his mail
facilities, and subsequently the U. S.
Grand Jury found an indictment against
him on two charges, one of the counts
charged him as follows :

Pretending to he a cattle dealer and a
dealer in general farm products, to wit, hay,
butter, potatoes, eggs and apples, and that
he wrote letters and mailed the same at the
Providence Post Office soliciting and thereby
intending to induce readers of his advertise¬
ment to send him farm products on credit.
Barnes promising to pay cash within a short
period of time. The indictment charges that
in truth he fraudulently intended by his
representations to get possession of all such
farm products with intent to convert them
to his own use, and that he did not intend
to pay for the same.

Barnes admitted his guilt, but pleaded
for mercy on the ground that he would
pay as fast as he could, but it was shown
that he had previously served a term in
prison in Vermont, and that he deliber¬
ately and systematically planned to beat
the farmers who shipped him goods. The
judge sentenced him to a fine of $10 and
one year in the State prison. .

Some publishers contend that exposing
frauds is not a legitimate function of a
firm paper. We think it is. What is the
good in raising big crops and fine animals
if rogues are to get all the profits? The
R. N.-Y. spares no pains or expense to
give the best information on production ;
but we are not satisfied until The money
for it is in the producer’s pocket, and even
then we want to brand the hand that
would pick the pocket.

Some of our friends seem to be in
doubt as to whether we can yet send “The
Business Hen.” We want to say that we
have one for every subscriber on the list
all ready to send out the day the renewal
is received. Furthermore, it is our stand¬
ing rule to return the dollar to anyone
who would in any way feel dissatisfied
with his bargain. If you want the book
to-morrow send the renewal to-day.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Strawberries. — The season is at its
height, and I have seen more choice berries
for the last three days than all the rest of
the season. As usual the Hilton and Irving¬
ton fancy have brought highest prices. These
are grown with a heavy mulch and are thus
entirely free from sand, no matter how many
heavy rains there may be. The wholesale
range for choice berries has been 12 to 16
cents, but the great bulk go under 10 cents,
owing to short baskets, dirt or defective
size or quality.

Potatoes. — Trade has been very good, but
receipts of southern new stock are the heav¬
iest of the season, and prices are still further
depressed. No. 1 Rose have sold as low as
$1.25 per barrel, and seconds down to 75
cents. This upsets the calculations of those

who have held old potatoes, which are now
going at 75 cents to $1. Ordinarily they
would bring between $2 and $3, but new are
so abundant and cheap that they are within
the reach of all. Potato growers have found
financin' profit a scarce article this season.

A Bill Posting company has just been in¬
corporated in New York State for nearly half
a million dollars. It is to be hoped that no
extensive increase in the disfigurement of
rural landscapes is contemplated by this con¬
cern. There are now too many rocks, trees,
fences and barns plastered with invitations
to take So and So’s whisky or pills. I have
been through sections where whole farms ap¬
peared to have been sold out to these bill
posters. Enormous signs were painted on
roofs and sides of buildings, boards nailed to
trees, and the whole place, as one ap¬
proached, had the appearance of a county
fair in full bloom.

A Supposed Milk Deal. — It is announced
that that most strenuous competitor of the
Borden Condensed Milk Co. in this country,
Henri Nestle, is to give up his American
trade. It is understood that the Nestle Com¬
pany’s invasion of the United States was
in retaliation of a like attempt of the Bor¬
den Company in France and Switzerland.
The new move is supposed to be the result of
an agreement to keep out of each other’s pas¬
tures in future.

Butter. — It has been a long time since
any considerable quantity of extras has sold
below 20 cents. Favorable weather in pro¬
ducing sections has increased the output,
and some of the best has sold at 10 V2. The
lower grades are maintaining a comparatively
high level, packing stock being only four or
five cents below the price of extras. State
dairy holds up well. There is something
about the flavor of dairy made June butter
which many people prefer to creamery. One
of the chief drawbacks is a lack of uni¬
formity which the machine handled product
of the large creamery secures. With the
facilities on most farms it is hard to get
the same degree of ripeness for two lots of
cream or to work the butter just the same.
This causes some variation in the layers of
a tub or jar which can hardly lie avoided.
A short time ago a dealer asked me to look
at a package of dairy butter he had received.
It was nicely made and had a flavor and
fragrance which turns bread into a luxury.

I am not acquainted with the farm home
where that butter was made, but know so
many others that have turned out such but¬
ter that I could see the fresh pasture, pure
mountain stream running through it, content¬
ed looking cows, clean milk room and uten¬
sils, and what is scarcest of all, clean stable.
Creamery extras will never drive such butter
out of the market.

No Need for Complaint. — An exchange
prints a statement from a large fruit grower
to the effect that he is well satisfied with the
treatment he has received from railroads and
iced car companies. He considers that any
law tending to lessen the privileges of the
refrigerator car concerns would work a de¬
cided harm to the shipper. It is somewhat
superfluous for such an extensive user of iced
cars to say that he has no complaint to
make. Why should he? It is easy to see
that the present refrigerator car system is
arranged for the convenience and profit of
just such large-scale shippers. But what
about the hundreds of smaller men, who can
ship only one to 10 carloads, and who must
take any sort of service, or no service at all,
and see the fruit rot while waiting for cars?
O. they have no rights that anyone need
resp'ect. Why should they try to grow a few
acres of peaches when the work can be done
so much better and cheaper on a large scale?
The spirit of present day business is to root
out the small man or make him a minor ele¬
ment in a feudal system, which it is sup¬
posed that this country has no use for. Most
commendable work has been done by these
large scale farm operators, but very few
men are fitted by nature or fortune to carry
on such work. If they were plentiful they
would soon fill the markets, make their lands
a burden by over-production, and thus become
business suicides through their own industry
and shrewdness. But no less commendable
is the work of a man with 100 acres or less
who through hard, intelligent work turns out
a product comparatively small, but equal in
quality to the market offerings of his big
brother. Just what service this smaller cit¬
izen has a right to demand from common car-
i iers, Congressmen and other supposedly pub
lie servants, he must decide, and in his vote
he holds the power to work out justice for
himself.

Cotton Reports. — The newspapers of late
have had much to say about an alleged leak
in the Government report on the cotton crop.
The statistics officially collected by the De¬
partment of Agriculture are supposed to be
withheld from the public until a certain day
and hour, when they are telegraphed in all
directions as soon as possible, and it is
claimed that certain outside parties have had
part of this information and used it for
financial gain several hours in advance. Such
charges have been made before, but the De¬
partment claims that owing to the way the
figures are handled any extensive leak would

be impossible, and has not been able to trace
any bad faith on the part of employees. The
“leak” is called merely a good guess. An¬
other investigation is now being made. All
of these crop statistics are of value to pro¬
ducers, handlers and consumers, but the one
upecial feature of secrecy until uniform and
instant dissemination is made is of practical
Importance to only one class, the plungers
and speculators, the “longs” and “shorts” of
whom are ready to fly at each other’s throats
on receipt of any definite crop information.
Whether it is really worth while for the De¬
partment to furnish this information dished
out in such manner as to egg these specula¬
tors on to any such man-eating display may
be doubted. These Government crop forecasts
do not always pan out. according to the facts
that develop later, but they are without doubt
the best reports that are compiled, as the
Department has better facilities, putting
more time and money into it than any other
organization. If one speculator can get these
facts even a short time before his opponents
in the business he is forearmed and in a quiet
way can sell or buy according to the trend
of the report. In a critical time such infor¬
mation might be worth thousands of dollars.
Whatever news leaked out in advance would
be for this purpose, and the result of a prac¬
tical bribe, which even Government employees
have not shown themselves totally averse to
taking. The whole question can be boiled
down to very small compass : Who are these
reports made for, the planter, cotton user
and the party who may be called the legiti¬
mate jobber or handler of the fiber, or the
pure and simple speculator, who does not
touch five bales of cotton in a year, yet who
dominates the market, pocketing the hog’s
share of the profits? All but the latter
would be satisfied with the report given out
in whatever manner most convenient for the
Department, minus the secrecy which adds
to the expense and puts such pressure on
the honesty of Government employees, h.

HOW WE USE DYNAMITE.

I was quite interested in the article on
the use of dynamite by Susan Brown Rob¬
bins, page 439. I can testify to the efficiency
of dynamite in ridding land of rocks, as I
have used it for that purpose to some
extent, and have been in a position to
watch its effects in the hands of others,
and thought a description of the methods
used in this section might be useful. With
us, instead of drilling a hole in the stone
we take a bar and punch a hole under
the stone, or as nearly so as possible, and
then, fixing a charge, we place it in the
hole, shoving it in with a stick as far as
it will go; then tamp with mud or soft
earth as snug as possible, light the fuse
and then run, (being careful not to omit
the running part). In fixing the charge,
instead of removing the paper and putting
in the dynamite loose, we open one end
of the cartridge, and with a sharp pointed
stick make a small hole in the end of the
stick of dynamite. Then, after adjusting
the cap on end of fuse, slip cap into hole
in end of dynamite, press the paper
wrapper around the fuse and tie with a
string. This method has been found to
work very satisfactorily around here, and
saves the labor of drilling the rock.
Sometimes it will throw the rock out of
the ground without breaking it, in which
case lay a charge on top of the rock, cover
with a few shovelfuls of soft mud, lay on
top as large a stone as one can lift, light
the fuse and skip. For a small stone or
a flat rock a part of a stick or charge will
sometimes do the work, in which case we
cut the cartridge up in pieces with a knife,
while on larger stones a heavier charge
is necessary, although I have never used
more than a half pound for a blast. Here
we use 75 per cent dynamite for rocks
and 60 per cent for stumps, as we find
that gives best results. H. h. t.

Naples, N. Y.

Cows That Chew Bones.

G. M. M., Petoskey, Mich. — What is the
cause of cattle eating old bones? They are
in fairly good condition, but seem to be crazy
for old bones. If it is a disease, what can I
do for it?

Ans. — This is caused by a lack of
phosphate and lime in the food. The
animal craves this bone-forming material,
and the system is out of condition — creat¬
ing a depraved taste. The remedy is to
supply the bone-forming material. Bone
flour, a large handful each day, mixed
with the grain, will relieve the cow. Wheat
bran and linseed meal are the best bone¬
forming foods. Oats are good.

Hog worms are costly
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

AJ. Liu miuur aim egg money ynQp

is a big item to the farmer’s IllUriC.

wife. She can increase her

egg production by feeding E.VIUI9

Mixed Grains

I —a combination of cereals specially suited
I to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it.

A Money-Saving Catalogue Free.

| HIHTET SEED C0„ 83 ELLICOTT ST., BUFFALO, N. Y.

WOMAN WANTS

The butter and egg money

POULTRY SUPPLIES

UNION LOCK poultry fence stops small
chicks, fits uneven ground, don’t sag or buckle,
and is easily erected. Satisfied customers say
it’s best. We sell at factory prices and pay
freight. Orders filled without delay. Write
to-day for catalogue of farm, lawn and poultry
fences. CASE BROS., Colchester, Conn.

POULTRY

•ooooooooo

We keep ev-1

_ — mb J erything in the)

>POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
ibators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— I
tit’s our business. Call or let us send you J
tour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the f
tasking— it's worth having.

>Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

>Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City.

SQUABS PAY £!£!

Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO.. 335 Howard Street, Melrose, Mass.

Cyphers Incubator

J guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
. chicks than any other or your money back.

. _ ^ Absolutely self regulating. Price $6.60

J STRICTLY |^»ndup. Send for 212 page (8x11 Inch..) c.t»!<*u.

I'AirmU/lTir II and poultry guide. Free, if you send us names of

Jun II Uro friend* lntereited In fowl poultry. Wrlto to

THROUGHOUT t cyphers incubator co

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, New Tork, Kansas City or San Franclsoo.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs 01

, , , W rAto for prices and information.

MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

snnmH nni i if piip^ *r> From trained

OUUIUn uULLIl. ruro, dogs. Eligible to record.
None better. Booklet free. L. H. Devolld, Caldwell.O.

CpTTFR P||PQ for sale. For prices & descriptions.

ol it cn ruro wnte w. c. todd, wuiiston, Md.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford. Pa,

90

EGGS FOR SALE Selected, 75* cents.

Choice fine laying strains. W. Wyandottes, Baired
P. Rocks. R. I. Reds, S. C. W. Leghorns.

O. LINDEMARK, L. Box 93, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

__ _ _ Yearlings 75 centa. ♦

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS. R. D, 41. Weedsport, N. Y

ROSE COMO W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs *1
for 15; $3 for 50; $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding 'Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

WE WANT TO BUY

1,000 Brown Leghorn Chickens. State price, point of
delivery. Hudson Valley Farms, Glens Falls, N. Y. ;

Choice Stock for Sale.— Hocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns,
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c. : dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

WHITE ORPINGTONS,

BUFF ORPINGTONS, ERMINE FAVEROLLES
SALMON FAVEROLLES. ’

Send for list of winnings, also copy of "What is a
Faverolle? They are free.

T , , „ J. H. SYMONDS,

Importer and Breeder, Metuchen, New Jersey.

PEKIN DUCKS AND

WHITE LEGHORNS

April hatched Ducks. $1.50 to $2.50 each. Duck Eggs
80 cents and $1.15 for 11; and $6 and $8 per hundred.
Leghorns are the real egg machines. Eggs for hatch¬
ings, 80 cents and $1 for thirteen; and $5 and $6 per
hundred Largest plant vicinity New York City.
80 pens, 2,000 layers. Cut of same in Cyphers cata¬
logue. Agent Cyphers incubators, brooders, etc.
Correspondence invited.

BONNIE BRAE, New Rochelle, N. Y,

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
T?g.P^illustJ,.atecl Othbigton catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty -two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
i°rk the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

498

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 24,

Live Stockand Dairy

SOME EXPERIMENTS IN FEEDING.

Silage vs. Hay. — 1 recently had an op¬
portunity to make an exact comparison
between silage and hay. For one dairy
of 19 milkers I was buying a nice grade
of mixed hay, costing $10 per ton, which
lasted six days. Thus I had exact knowl¬
edge of quantity and cost; my next neigh¬
bor having more silage than he could feed
offered to sell some to me at $2.50 per
ton. It took 5,200 pounds to feed the
same cows six days (no hay), thus ef¬
fecting a saving of $3.50. I expected an
increase in the milk, but we only got about
three quarts per day extra. That there
was not more of an increase I attribute
to three things: First, we were feeding
liberally of malt sprouts, which in a meas¬
ure took the place of succulent feed.
Second, after our own silage was gone
there had been a tendency to shrink. Had
we continued the hay feeding doubtless
there would have been a further shrink¬
age. Third, the silage, though well pre¬
served, had been badly frozen before it
was put in. As all other factors were the
same, with everyday conditions, it is safe
to say that 2 / pounds of silage will take
the place of one pound of hay, with a sav¬
ins in favor of the silage of a little over
three cents per day a cow; if good mixed
hay is worth 50 cents per 100, silage is
worth a trifle over 19 cents.

Molasses as a Foon. — The past Win¬
ter I have heard much of the so-called
“saccharine dairy feeds.” The names and
analyses are as varied as the different
samples, running from 12 to 22 per cent
of protein ; price from $22 to $25 per ton.
The samples with the low protein content
evidently had pretty poor material for
a base. In one case I was quite certain
it was ground cornstalks. The higher
grades doubtless were brewers’ grains as
a base. In most cases the results in feed¬
ing were good, much beyond what the
analysis would lead one to expect. This
led to a rather careful investigation, which
demonstrated to me that the good results
came from the easily digested molasses,
and that in the few cases where the re¬
turns were not satisfactory the feeders
were giving an insufficient quantity of
protein, or with these were giving Tim¬
othy hay,' cornstalks and hominy or corn-
meal. After consulting with one of the
Experiment Station’s directors on the
healthfulness of molasses, and being as¬
sured that it was both healthful and nu¬
tritious, and advised to feed it, in connec¬
tion with a food containing a high per
cent of protein, I purchased dried brewers’
grains, 22 per cent protein, as a base or
carrier, feeling I would prefer to know
what I had, and not. caring to buy dried
cornstalks, of which I had plenty, even if
they were not ground ; then purchased of
the Lyons beet sugar factory molasses
that cost me delivered, including the bar¬
rel, about 10 cents per gallon. I sub¬
stituted one quart per day per cow of this
molasses for two pounds of wheat mid¬
dlings. The cost in each case was the
same. We had been feeding two pounds
of wheat middlings, two pounds of glu¬
ten feed and three pounds of malt sprouts
on an average to a cow each day. When
I began to feed the molasses my gluten
was gone, and I could get no more at less
than $27 per ton. This was fed in con¬
nection with what silage they would eat
twice a day (very few ears on it), and
a small mess of hay at noon. We now
fed one quart molasses, three pounds malt
sprouts and two pounds of dried brewers’
grains. Ordinarily, without the gluten, I
should have expected a shrinkage of per¬
haps a quart per cow a day. As it was,
we got an increase of 10 quarts from 20
cows. This was fed to 42 cows, in two
dairies, for six weeks. The cattle im¬

proved in appearance, and gained flesh.

Their dropping were about the same con¬
sistency as in midsummer, always an indi¬
cation to me that they are getting a di¬
gestible food. I conclude that when mo¬
lasses does not cost over 1% cent a
pound in comparison with corn or wheat
middlings at the same price, it is an eco¬
nomical feed. It is a safe and healthful
feed, and very easily digested; with it
should be fed something high in protein
It would be still more valuable for fat¬
tening animals, cattle, hogs or sheep; we
would better buy our molasses and make
our own mixtures, than buy the prepared
sugar foods. The cows soon become very
fond of it. We would put the dried
grains in a box, then thin the molasses
with three times its bulk of hot water,
and wet the grains with it; then mix it
with the other feeds.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

CRIBBING HORSES .

I had a blind horse that was a cribber,
and I put wire around the manger, so I
thought he could not get a good hold
to crib ; that is, I stretched the wire about
2(4 inches above all around the manger;
then I put sheep skin with long wool on
to cushion the manger along the top where
he would set his teeth, but still he would
find somewhere solid enough to catch
hold. Then I put a strap tight around
his neck, but still he would crib. Then I
traded him for a shotgun and lent my
brother-in-law the shotgun with the un¬
derstanding not to return it till I called
for it. I have not seen the gun since,
some 20 years ago. About seven years
ago I swapped for a fine-looking sorrel
mare that was a genuine cribber. I
buckled a strap tight around her neck,
and as Tong as the strap was on she
would not crib, but when I would take
the strap off she would try to make up for
lost time in cribbing. The strap was
about two inches wide with several holes
close together, so I could set the strap
so it would let her breathe free.

Pennsylvania. j. G. kapp.

HORSE WITH BAD HABIT.

I have a driving horse that has lately
contracted the habit of lolling her tongue
ivhile on the road. Can you give me a cure
for this? L. r.

The first thing to do is to try to locate
the cause if possible, as it may be due to
an Inflammation of the inner parts of the
mouth from irritating foods, irregular teeth,
or other troubles in the mouth, or from some
partial paralysis. The treatment will de¬
pend much on the trouble ; try to remove the
cause. There is a bit made to keep the
tongue in the mouth, but many times it.
will not. There can be a leather fastened
by one end to the bit and laid on the top
of the tongue that will keep it in many
times, and if this will not do the work a
pocket can be attached to the bit and the
tongue placed in it. m. d. william, d. v. s.

Angora Goats. — We have just got through
shearing, and a kid buck “Africano" we
bought of Mrs. Armer, of Kingston, N. M.,
sheared seven pounds fleece, and he only
weighed 32 pounds after shearing. He was
the first-prize kid at St. Louis Exposition,
and is just one year old to-day.

MELROSE STOCK FARM.

A Postponed Twin Calf. — I have a black
grade cow who calved on Wednesday, May
24, and last night (Sunday) we used her milk,
which was perfectly good. The cow seemed
quite well, but greatly to my surprise she
had another calf this morning. May 29, that
is, five days between the birth of the calves,
which are both perfectly strong and healthy.
Is it not a very unusual thing, and have
you known many such cases before?

Beamsville, Ont. a. e. f.

FLOCK OF ANGORAS FOR SALE.

Twenty-three head, including 10 Kids of this Spring.
$250 takes the flock, if taken promptly. Address,

^ B. H. L. S. CO., Fort Salonga, Long Island. N. Y.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailing for Europe personally to select
and. tiring over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings: $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret, N.J

1

Free

Veterinary
Book.

The proprietors of STEVENS* OINTMENT,
the great English remedy, have just Issued their
very handy book, “ Lameness in the Horse, Its
Cause, Detection and Remedy," and have auth¬
orized us to send it absolutely free to all. Every
horse owner should have a copy. For Splints,
Spavins, Sore Shins, Curbs, Bad Tendons and all
diseases of horses* legs Stevens’ Ointment is mar¬
velous. It is more powerful than firing yet leaves
no blemish, and you don’t lay up the horse. None
genuine without our written signature.

Price, $t .00 per box,
postpaid.

r Sam Parmer, Nashville. Tenn., says: “Stev¬
ens' Ointment is the lest blister I have ever seen.
You can apply struiigly ami not lay up the horse.
It is the best thing forbad legs ever discovered."
Be sure and send for above book at once.

TUTTLE CLARK,

Sole Agents for the United States,

Detroit, Michigan.

f DEATH TO HEAVES

Guaranteed

NEWTON’S Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Curs,

A veterinary specific for wind,
r ^.••j.throat and stomach troubles.
’Vf*'*1 Strong recommend « $1.00 per

can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid.
The Newton Remedy €o.,
Toledo, Ohio.

Above tra-ie mark on every box.

Cure For
Galls

While you work
the horse.

■t^BICKMORE’S

Dealers selling it everywhere are authorized
to refund money if it tails to cure all Galls,
Scratches, Cracks, Wire Cuts, etc. The stand¬
ard horse remedy for many years. Sample 10c.

BICKMORE GALL CURE C0„ Box 519 , Old Town, Me.

Western Horsesl Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

Puts new life and vigor in stock
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

WE HAVE FOR SALE

200 Yorkshire Pigs at $4.50 and $5.50 each, and 250
Berkshire Pigs at $5 and $6 each. These Pigs are an
especially nice lot six to eight weeks old out of pedi¬
greed stock.

We also have three boars throe months old at $15
each, two boars six months old at $25 each, and one
boar eight months old at $35. These are extra fine
Berkshire Boars ont of pedigreed stock. Also twenty-
five mixed Yorkshire and Berkshire Sows with pig,
at $15 each. Hudson Valley Farms. Glens Palls, N. V .

SPRING PIGS, Gilts and Service
Boars. Best strains bred from
Registered Stock, pairs not akin.
Prices reasonable. S. T. Witmer, Union Deposit. Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

LARGE improved YORKSHIRES

The best Hog: White, Easy Fattening. Prolific.

Young Stock, Bot h Sexes, !$5 up.

E. E. STEVENS. Madison, R. F. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

0. la C.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

FOR SALE. Pure blood Cheshire Pigs from prize
winning sow at Syracuse State Pair, four weeks
old. Price $4 each. Decker Cliaft'ee, Liberty, N. Y.

I ft Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-
■ Ui able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y

0 1 ft Clovertlale Herd. Recorded Stock,

i ■■ Ua all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for
prices. H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Yb

O. I. C. !Pig;s

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia.N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES 2£jS£l

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

Springbank j

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine J uly and Aug. Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson. Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

OBDNEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed t he Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.; 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Hen-, Lancaster, Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

rn n PA I P- MALE AND fe-
r \J IX O Lid MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.MARCOU.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N.J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co., N.Y.

Ufli QTPIN R 1 1 1 I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOILII* UULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y'

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

SEND NO MONEY,

Order a beautiful, registered, yearling, HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN BULL to head your herd to-day. You
need not pay for him unless he suits you.

$5,000 . . GUARANTEE . . $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. I>, Cortland, N. Y.
N. B. — 350 Cows. Heifers and Calves for sale. 350
You can get anything yon want at Star Farm at
satisfactory prices.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

Prom Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

WHITE SERI DIGS EARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7tli, 503.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.3 lbs. of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and hull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature hulls.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Choice lot: both sexes; ready to ship from

WILLSWOOD.

! ! Right Kind ! ! Right Size ! ! Right Price ! !
Offer a nice lot of Young Boars for Pall service.

WILLS A. SEWARD, Rudd’s Lake, N. J.

For Large LITTERS Buy a

JERSEY RED SOW

The FREE Catalogue Explains,

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N.J.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. ' Lacona, Oswego Co„ N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

499

AN ARGUMENT FOR THE MULE.

The picture at Fig. 210 shows a carload
of Kentucky mare mule colts, purchased
at an average price of $90 when they were
from 10 days to two months old, and de¬
livered October 15, 1903; these colts were
the pick of nine different counties, and are
said to be the best load in this part of the
State. The buyer of these mules buys
from 800 to 1,200 mule colts every season,
and in buying them selects them with
large feet and bone, with as much weight
as possible, with large heads and long
ears. We find the best colts we buy are
out of mares with from one-fourth to
one-half draft blood in them, which draft
blood gives them the bone and weight,
while the Kentucky blood gives them the
style and finish. We think a colt which
stands three feet five inches to three feet
six inches high, properly cared for when
weaned at 53 to 55 inches, when fully de¬
veloped will measure 15.3 to 16.1 hands
high, and that makes them good enough
for any market. For breeding mules we
prefer a jack with large foot and heavy
bone, with weight in proportion, 14 to
15^2 hands high, as they are more uni¬
form than the larger jacks. The smaller
jack’s colts are more compact and better
feeders, while as a rule the larger jack’s
colts are too leggy and have not enough
weight. As for feeding and taking care
of mule colts ; we feed them green corn
cut in a cutting box until after frost, with
old corn, usually four or five ears a day,
good clover hay and sheaf oats. We find
that bran and chopped feed about twice a
week are very good, as such a ration keeps
the bowels in good condition. We think
bedding is very essential, either straw or
corn fodder. We have found corn fodder
a very good bedding, as it is coarser than
straw, and the shed will keen drier with

average value, has a valuation of $70.07,
which is $15.56 higher than the horse, in
that State. In Illinois, another great
horse State, the horse is valued at only
$55.56, while the mule makes the average
of $65.89, being $10.33 in advance of the
horse. In Kansas the horse is valued at
$48.06, the mule at $64.22. In Nebraska
the horse is placed at $50.44 ; the mule at
$63.79. Is it not astounding? Taking the
whole Union, and including the great Ax-
tell at $100,000; Sunol, Boralma, Lord
Derby, Alex. Prince Alert, and the other
fast and high-priced ones, ranging in price
from $5,000 to $100,000, all valued, yet the
average of the mule is $11 more than that
of the horse. This establishes the fact
that the mule as a class is a more valuable
animal than the horse, and as the pro¬
gressive American farmer sees this, he
will adopt the mule as the farm animal
and motive power.

From repeated experiments that have
come under my observation in the past
25 years, I have found that three mules
15 hands high, that were constantly
worked, consumed about as much forage
as two ordinary sized horses worked in
the same way, and while the mules were
fat the horses were only in good working
order. Although a mule will live and
work on a very low fare he also responds
as quickly as any animal to good feed and
kind treatment. True, it is charged that
the mule is vicious, stubborn and slow,
but an experience in handling mules on
the farm has failed to sustain the charge
save in few instances, and in these pro¬
pensities were brought about by bad hand¬
ling. They are truer pullers than the
horse, and move more quickly under the
load. Their hearing and vision are better
than the horse. The writer has used
them in all of the different branches of

A CARLOAD OF KENTUCKY MULE COLTS. Fig. 210.

fodder bedding. Once a week we sprinkle
air-slaked lime, not too heavily, on the
bedding to prevent the mules having sore
feet. We keep plenty of fresh water in
their trough and plenty of salt, sulphur
and wood ashes in separate trough in the
shed. The load of mule colts shown in
Fig. 210 were fed by E. R. Davis, of Mason
County, Kentucky. This load of mules
sold first of September, 1904, for $127.50
and the buyer refused $130 the day he re¬
ceived them.

The majority of our small mule colts
are bought up by Pennsylvania buyers,
for $40 to $60 at weaning time ; the larger
ones selling for $60 to $90, are bought by
Kentucky buyers and kept for sugar
mules. The small colts that go to Penn¬
sylvania are driven through the country
and peddled out to the farmers by the
pair; they find it very profitable to grow
them until three or four years old and sell
to the miners. The mule is always ready
for the market, and finds a ready sale
at any age. Breeders usually take their
best mares to horses and breed the com¬
mon ones to the jacks. You may take a
stallion that cost $1,000 to $2,000 and breed
to mares of the same quality you would
breed to a $500 or $1,000 jack; the mules
will bring a third more at weaning time,
and often double. They can be kept at
less expense, and will always be the
greater money maker. The world, day
by day and year by year, is becoming more
acquainted with the American mule be¬
cause it is the best on the globe. All
nations that handle mules are purchasers
of American mules.

In a general way in a very large ma¬
jority of the States of the Union the mule
is valued higher than the horse. In Towa
the greatest horse State in the Union, it
is said with her many high-priced im¬
ported horses, the horse "is valued at
$54.41 per head, while the mule, with its

farming, from the plow to the carriage
and buggy, and thinks they are less liable
to become frightened and start suddenly ;
and if they do start, they usually stop be¬
fore damage is done, while the horse sel¬
dom stops until completely freed. A reli¬
able man tells he once saw a runaway of
six -teams in a cornfield, five of them be¬
ing mules and the sixth a horse. The
mules ran and capered until they came to
the first batch of green grass, and there
stopped to regale themselves, while the
horse ran on, greatly frightened, until he
stuck the plow in his back. In less than 10
minutes the five mule plows were going
without a bolt broken, while the plow
after the horse was a wreck, and the horse
ruined for life. The mule is more steady
while at work than the horse, and is not
so liable to become exhausted, and often
becomes so well instructed as to drive
with one line. j. F. cook.

Lexington, Ky.

Mr. Smith : “I believe there is a spe¬
cial Providence which protects bricklay¬
ers’ laborers. Do you know that only
yesterday one slipped off a 40-foot ladder
and was not hurt in the slightest degree?”
“That sounds almost miraculous,” said
Mrs. Smith. “Oh, no — there was nothing
marvelous about it; he slipped off the first
rung.” — Melbourne Leader.

“Doctor,” said the man who several
weeks before had been operated on for
appendicitis, “I’m all right now except for
a heavy feeling in the pit of my stomach
and a slight metallic rattling when I
walk.” “There !” exclaimed the M. D„
slapping his thigh, “I knew that case of
surgical instruments would turn up event¬
ually. Will you pay me for them and
keep them, or shall I remove them? The
cost will be about the same.” — Houston
Post.

INCREASED CAPACITY

CREAM SEPARATORS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

In line with its established policy of always keep¬
ing FAR IN THE LEAD of all possible competition
by further improving its separators every few years,
the DE LAVAL COMPANY has just let out another
“link” of superiority, which still further widens the
gulf of practical efficiency between the DE LAVAL
and the best of imitating cream separators.

Seemingly perfect as they have been before, the
MAY, 1905, DE LAVAL machines are still further
improved, run still easier, have lower-down supply
cans, and LARGELY INCREASED CAPACITIES
all for the SAME PRICES as here, of ore

STYLB OLD

“Humm ng-Birt)” . . . 250 lbs.

“Daisy” . . . . 350 “

“Baby ’ No. 1 . . 450 “

“B^by” No. 2 (Iron-Stool) 600 “
“Baba” No. 2 (Solid-Frame) 600 “

NEW

300 lbs.
400 “

500 “

700 “

700 “

1,2,0 “

1,2(10 “

‘ Babt ” No. 3 . . . 1,000
“D airy” Turb ne . . 1,000

Send for new 1905 Catalogue giving complete par¬
ticulars

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph (k Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

Why not get it in your cream separator when
every other essential goes with it? That’s
the difference between the separator of
today and the old machines. The new

Papec

Cream Separator

doesn’t require you to lift the milk as high as
your head to fill the can. A child can fill it.
That counts when you use it every day twice
a day. Mind you, this is not attained at ihe
expense of clean skimming, easy turning, or
cleaning. Handiness is not inconsistent with these
things. The Papec is the separator that lias them all.
Let us tell you all about it. Our free book will do it.

THE PAPEC MCH. CO.,

Box 10, Lima, N. Y.

1 DR. DAVID

ROBERTS

CATTLE
| SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours In
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.
l>r. Pa. Id Roberts, Cattle Specialist

MORE

MONEY!

Cows will give 15 to 20 per
cent more milk if protected
from the torture of flies with

CHILD’S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY.

Kills flies and all insects; protects horses as well
as cows. Perfectly harmless to man and beast
Rapidly applied with Child’s Electric Sprayer.
80 to 50 cows sprayed in a few minutes. A true
antiseptic; keeps stables, chicken houses, pig
pens in a perfectly sanitary condition.

A»k dealer for Child’s 80-B08-S0 or send $1 (special
price) for 1-gal can and Sprayer complete by express.

CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Manufacturers,
24 LaFayette Street, Utica, N.Y.

A Boon to
Farmers’ Wives

Why not save half the standing —
lifting— washing? Make your dairy
work twice as easy— twice as profit¬
able. Our friends call the Tubular
Cream Separator the “Easy Way.”
Try it. Catalog J-153 describes it.

The Sharpies Co P. M. Sharpies

Chicago, III. Wist Chaster. Pa.

LABEL!

Dana’s iSiSSt. EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent* Wanted.

O. U. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

SHOO-FLY ~

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest ofT Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
since 1885. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, send us $1. 00,
will return latest Improved 3-Tube Sprayer and enough ‘*Shoo-
Fly ” to protect 200 cows. Name Exp. Office. Free Hook let.

SH00-FLT MFC. CO., 1026 Fairmoant, Philadelphia, Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience “Shoo-Fly " is O. K.

na

lowers,

rs, norse powers, nay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N.Y.

5oo

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 24, 1905.

HUMOROUS

A Boston spinster owns a dog
One of those high-bred “towsers,”

That’s so well bred and nice, 'tis said,
He never pants — he “trousers.”

— Philadelphia Post.

“Do you think that mosquitoes carry
malaria?” “I dunno,” answered Farmer
Corntossel. “They never took any away
from here.” — Washington Star.

“Is that John givin’ the college yell in¬
side?” “That ain’t the college yell; the
old man’s flailin’ him out with a hick¬
ory, an’ he’s givin’ the home yell.” — At¬
lanta Constitution.

“You needn’t tell me,” observed Uncle
Allen Sparks, “that three-fourths of all
the misery and crime is caused by whisky.
It’s caused by the doggoned fools that
drink it.” — Chicago Tribune.

“Bridget, did you mold the bread, as I
told you?” “No, mum, I put it in that
damp cupboard. Last week’s bread mold¬
ed itself in there, an’ what’s th’ use of
takin’ extry trouble?” — Cleveland Leader.

“Howell : “A good deal depends on
the formation of early habits.” Powell :
“I know it ; when I was a baby my mother
hired a woman to wheel me about, and
I have been pushed for money • ever
since.” — Town Topics.

“Come, Willie,” said his mother, “don’t
be so selfish. Let your little brother play
with your marbles a little while.” “But,”
protested Willie, “he means to keep them
always.” “Oh, I guess not.” “I guess
yes, ’cause he swallered ’em.” — Philadel¬
phia Press.

“Doesn’t that law restricting your com¬
pany’s privileges cause you apprehen¬
sion?” “No,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax.
“The law is all right. What bothers me
is the fear that one of these days they'll
get enthusiastic and enforce it.” — Wash¬
ington Star.

“Oh ! John,” cried Mrs. Subbubs, the
moment he got home, “you told the cook
this morning to clean up the silver, didn’t
you?” “Yes,” he replied. “Why?” “Well,
she cleaned up the silver and a lot of
other things, and she’s gone with them.”
— Illustrated Bits.

“Perhaps this nickel will pass,” said
the tobacconist, as the customer paid for
a cigar, “but I’m not sure.” “What’s the
matter with it?” demanded the customer,
puffing at the weed. “Well, it isn’t as
good as it might be.” “Well, neither is
this cigar.”— Philadelphia Ledger.

Tired Housekeeper (in employment
agency) : “Oh, dear ! I wonder if there’ll
ever be any solution to the servant-girl
problem.” Employment Agent : “Oh,
yes, mum. My wife solved it long ago.”

“Well, well! Flow?” “She got rid of
the hull gang an’ did the work herself.” —
New York Weekly.

Mr. Newlywed: “How is that, my
love? Nothing in the house to eat? I
gave you money this morning.” Mrs.
Newlywed: “Yes, I know; but I ran
across the most exquisitely charming din¬
ner-gong — awfully fashionable, you know
— and I couldn’t resist the temptation to
buy it.” Mr. Newlywed: “But what
shall we do for dinner?” Mrs. Newly¬
wed: “We can listen to the gong.” —
Illustrated Bits.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT "FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.

0. W. 1NGERS0LL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated TeaB,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHANGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

TH?: GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31*33 Vesey St., New York

ySArrry C
"“or, Bk

THE PAPEG

The Price of Our $25.00
CONCRETE STONE OUTFIT

is more than saved on the first building
erected. Anyone can make perfect stone
with it. Shipped on trial to responsible
parties.

Send for free book of instructions.

THE CEMENT WORKING MACHINERY CO.,

191 Lafayette Ave., Detroit, Mich.

The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Culler, your Thresher, etc., eas’er,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like-
manner. The ideal motive power for the modern farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland. Vt.

CUTTERS and BLOWERS

Built on the right principle, combining iafetj flywheel, belt pulley end
feeding device. Will elevate easily into any eilo. Also slloe, engine*,
horse powere, thresher* and hay presses. Write for our free catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box II, Cobleskill, N.Y

BARB WIRE

Best .grade, 3c per rod. in 60, 70 or 80-rod
reels; can ship at once; we pay freight on 400-
rod lots to any R. R. station in New England
West of Portland, Me. Samples and circu¬
lars free.

CASK BKOTHKRS, Colchester, Conn,

911 9 0 Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hav-
XES ilX ing Tools. R. C. REEVES CO
tlliaUW 187 Water Street, New York. ”

SILOS

Steel Frame, round
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

THE “NE “WAY” PRESS

is a horizontal p
hour. Size of b»
46x 50 inches— ea:;
used. IlevolutiM
Makes the very <ie >
Box and Upright
Stands at work i’mbIq
Adapted to bank bqw

SANDWICH MFG. Co
icn

[ t bales ljf to 2% tons per
(1x23x19 inches. Feed hole
^ ed, no tramping, fork only
Zl, the loose baling system,
^..-astern market bale. Heat. mil
by doing 100 per Cent more work.
“ see It in the cnt. Very portable.
7* .. Write for Illnstrated Catalog.

^ 17 MAIN ST.. SANDWICH, ILL.

'-ct

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

HEEBNER’S ENSILAGE CUTTER.

The best cutter on the market for green or dry corn.
Leading ensilage cutter made. It not only cuts but crushes
the stalks, rendering them palatable. Stock greatly relish
and thrive on it. A |6. 00 attachment turns the machine into a perfect
shredder. Runs with least power. Used for cutting all kinds of stock foods.
Power can be applied to pumping, churning, grinding, etc. Catalogue free.

IIEEBNER SONS, 22 Broad St., Lansdale, Pa*

A Durable Machine

To be a permanent benefit a Cream Separator must be durable. The improved

U. S. Cream Separator

■will outwear any other. We’ll tell you why :

All the working parts are enclosed and protected from dust, grit and damage.
Those moving at high speed run in oil on steel balls, which greatly reduce wear.

All the steel, bronze and tin used is carefully inspected, and is of the highest
quality money can buy.

Throughout the whole machine the parts are few, simple
and easy to get at. Each completed machine is put to a
thorough test before shipped.

The U. S. Factory is supplied with the most accurate and
efficient machinery to produce exact duplicate parts, and
only skilled workmen are employed.

PRACTICAL PROOF

But the best proof of durability is what the machine has
done in actual use. In our “Dairy Separator Catalogue”
we have printed a few of the thousands of lettersreceived
from satisfied users. (Some of them have used the U. S.
for ten years or over.) Their testimony is worth something
to You. Write for this book now. It will interest you.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Prompt deliveries. 18 Distributing Ware¬
houses in United States and Canada.

The SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER

takes less power because it is the only blower that provides for the
speed of the fnn according to elevation.

It has greater capacity and is
cheaper to operate than any other!
silo filler. It makes accidents
impossible. And this machine
will cost you less money than other
machines anywhere near its capacity.

THE SMALLEY

has the reputation of being the best Silo
Filler that money will buy— AND IT IS.

60 years of practical experience are back of
it. with no dissatisfied customers. Hun¬
dreds testify to its superiority over others.

Our FREE Catalogue will tell you all
about the SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER
—why it is best; why it will save you money
and trouble. Write for it TODAY.

Smalley Manufacturing Co., Box 321, Manitowoc, Wis.

The WAGON to BUY.

STEEL WHEELS

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

TO FIT ALL

WAGONS.

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

DoIiOACH JPAT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine.
Catalog Free of Saw Mills. 4H. P. and up. Shingle
Planing, Lath and Corn Mills; four Stroke Hay
Presses, Water Wheels. We pay freight,
DeLoacli Mill Mfg. Co., Box 1002, Atlanta, Ga-

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a bettor silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. Wo guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send forcatalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co

Box 10,

Lima, N.Y.

fiend :for
our new
illustrated
catalogue
FREE

FEED and ENSILAGE
CUTTER or SHREDDER

With Wind Elevator

We guarantee the “Blizzard” to
De the best and most reliable en¬
silage or fodder cutter obtainable. Strong
and durable : very economical to run ; no
waste ; will elevate to any height or in any
direction. It will pay you to investigate the
merits of the “ Blizzard ” before buying.
Write for particulars how to get a ma¬
chine on trial. W e assume all risk.

JOSEPH DICK AGRICULTURAL WORKS.
Box 69, Canton, Ohio.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May bo run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Bouton

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West , Montreal, F. Q.

40 North tth St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitts St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

SILOS

liny your Silo material from T K.
CR088. Poughkeepsie, New York,
and save agent's profits.

CHAIN-HANGING

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville. Conn.

WARRINER’S

CHAIN

HANGING^

STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PIITTCDO
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed & Ensilage uUI I LnO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTO N E AG R’LWO RKS, Pottstown, Pa

Vol. LXIY. 1N0. 2892. NEW YORK, JULY 1, 1905 WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

BREEDING AND CARE OF COLTS.

Some Things Learned in Twenty-five Years.

THE BROOD MARE. — First of all, every prospective
horse breeder" should have a definite idea of what he
wants, to raise, whether draft, carriage or trotting
stock. I should say it would be better for the farmer
of small means to leave the latter for the wealthy or
gentleman farmer to lose money on. Everything else
being* equal, I would prefer brood mares of good size,
but beauty, style, ambition and nerve should come first.
Often a regular “cranky” one makes a first-class brood
mare, and I have raised many colts ranging in height
from l5J/> to 10 hands from 15-hand mares. These
mares were old-fashioned Morgans of a type seen every
day at all kinds of work 50 years ago, but now as scarce
as “hens’ teeth.” I would not use a genuinely broken-
down animal for brood purposes, no matter how well
bred she might be ; neither would I condemn one for
lameness caused by accident. A spavined or ringboned
one I never owned. It goes without saying that both
sire and dam should come as close as pos¬
sible to the type you have in mind to raise.

Although my large colts from small mares
had, of course, large sires, I prefer extra
size in the dam if either must be larger, but
quality and finish in the sire always. Sev¬
eral years ago I bought an imported Hack¬
ney mare about 15 hands, 1,100 pounds,
with a

will to road 10 miles an hour easily. She
has brought me three colts and two fillies,
all sired by a Morgan horse much smaller
than she, and each having a great deal of
the beauty and finish of the sire, with size
and. action of their dam, suitable for car¬
riage, gig or saddle. For several years I
bred to an imported French coach horse,
hoping to raise matched pairs. I was dis¬
appointed in this, but had one in the lot
which brought a fancy price at the New
York Horse Exchange.

CARE OF THE MARE. — As to time of
foaling, I have had them as early as March
20 and as late as September, and see no
particular difference in their growth, pro¬
vided always the mare is generously fed,
but prefer them as early as April. I his
leaves the mare in good condition to work
through the Summer, and the foal is big
and strong by tly time. Mare and foal are
housed at night until the fiiA of June un¬
less the weather is very warm. If the mare
is turned to pasture before foaling she is
always taken to the barn at a little past the tenth month,
where she can be looked after. I have had strong,
healthy foals born at ten and a quarter months. I never
give the mare heavy work, and keep her out of snow¬
drifts and off slippery places. She has a roomy box
stall, well bedded, and in Winter the liber" y of a large
field except on stormy days ; all the good hay she will
eat and occasionally apples, potatoes or carrots, and
always kind words. Her confidence is worth having.
During the last month or two she gets a good feed of
bran and perhaps a few oats. If she is groomed every
day so much the better.

THE FOAL is handled every day, has the halter on
as early as the third day, and often before he is 24
hours old; is taught to have his feet lifted and to be
groomed with a good brush, never neglecting the tail.
I have known three or four-year-old colts positively to
refuse to allow the tail to be combed, but I did not
raise them. These lessons are easily learned now. and
never forgotten, and save lots of trouble later. At two
weeks he should be perfectly halter-broken and under¬
stand the meaning of “whoa” and “back also accus¬
tomed to have ropes or straps wound about his body

and legs, and in place of the crupper; this may save a
kicking scrape later on. He is made thoroughly to
understand that man's strength — and woman's, too, for
that matter — is superior to his, but the children are not
to attempt to coerce him, for fear that he should escape
from them and lay the foundation of a bad habit in
future. In teaching to lead we do not find it the best
way to attempt to drag him along by the head, but walk
by his side and coax or even push him along, turning
to either side until he learns to follow the halter. If
he wishes to try his strength at the line once or twice
hold firmly until he is satisfied that it will not give way.
Sometimes a little touch of whip at his heels works
well, but never for a minute lose your temper; always
pet and praise him. Remember the best horse is always
companionable and friendly, with perfect confidence in
his master. In his early days, when any leading is to
be done, the halter goes on the baby and the mother
follows. After the foal is two or three days old he
is allowed plenty of exercise in a large yard or nearby
field, but never allowed to lie down on cold or damp

ground after becoinipg heated. Like all young things,
he must be kept warm, or trouble will follow.' Even
after turning to pasture he is not left out through a
cold rain — it is neither humane nor safe.

WEANING TIME. — If the mare keeps in good con¬
dition, which she should do on good pasture, she runs
with her colt until stabling time in the Fall ; it saves
trouble, and the colt makes better growth. Even if
she is worked it pays to feed her an extra grain ration,
and not wean the colt until six months old. When at
any time the mare and colt are separated each is put
in a box stall which has no nails, splinters or sharp
corners to injure them. Colts will sometimes attempt
to crawl through impossible boles, or over partitions
which are not built to the top. For the first few days
of weaning time the colt is allowed with the mare for
a short time at morning and night : then once each day,
gradually making the visits less frequent until he is
kept away entirely. The best of hay — preferably clover
rowen to begin with — is kept before him all the time,
also a pail of bran and oats mixed, equal parts by meas¬
ure, with a little salt. Plenty of water at least twice
a day. You Can't winter the colt on the north side of the

straw stack and expect him to “do you proud" in the
Spring. He gets apples and potatoes often, and some¬
times a nubbin of corn, and is never expected to clean
up his hay. What he leaves is given to the older
horses.

THE COLT’S EDUCATION.— He is taught to stand
tied while his hair is straightened every day; we find
an ordinary cattle card the best for this purpose when
the hair is long and thick. His feet are cleaned often,
and kept level, with toes short. This requires very
little time, and helps him to grow up right. Of course
he has exercise with the others in. the field, although he
is not let out when there is ice covered with a little
snow. Sometimes, when he is taken out to be groomed,
a bridle is slipped on over the halter, and he soon be¬
comes accustomed to the bit. He is easily taught to
drive this first Winter, and often his first lessons are
taken with a pair of lines snapped into the halter ring
and passed back through loops well down on the sides
of a surcingle. After he has learned, on the barn floor,
to go before, to turn to right or left and to stop at the
word, he is taken into the yard, to the car¬
riage house among wheels and all sorts, put
between the shafts and made acquainted
with nearly everything but drawing the car¬
riage. Being handled by one in whom he
has perfect confidence, he will show little,
if any, fear. When Spring comes again we
find it a good plan to keep the yearlings in
the barn for a few days after the older ones
go to pasture. The excitement and too
strenuous exercise of the first few days
before settling down to business is apt to
set them back in growth. They are salted
once a week, and looked over to see that
there are no cuts or sprains, which they are
liable to get in pasture, and which may
need attention. Contrary to the ideas of
many, this method of teaching does not
turn out dead-heads, but honest, willing,
reliable animals, trained, not broken.

C. v. p.

‘NITRO-CULTURE” NOT NEEDED .

I have been interested in the articles on
nitro-culture in The R. N.-Y., and thought
perhaps a few observations of my own
might be of some interest. T do not intend
to create the impression that these “cul¬
tures” may not be needed and useful in
growing legume crops in some sections,
but I do believe that the farmer in Union
Co., Ill., would get much greater value
from his money by investing it in some
form of potash and apply to the poor spots on his
farm. I have had spots on my own farm too poor to
“make a catch” of clover ; it would come up, grow slow¬
ly, turn yellow, and when hot, dry weather came die.
Yet these same plants, if pulled up, would show the
small nodules on the roots. An application of potash
or stable manure on these places would cause the
clover to assume a dark color and make a stand. I
notice by the circulars and catalogues that they claim
a special kind of nitro-culture for each species of
legume from sweet peas to clover. I am not going to
sry that this is not true, but what I do say emphati¬
cally is- if it be true then my soil contains in a dormant
state all these different varieties of “nitro-cultures”
waiting for me or some one to plant the crop to which
they are adapted. I say this because I have grown
successfully on my 40-acre farm almost every species
of legume, from the Japan clover to the Velvet bean,
all of which developed in great profusion the nitrogen
nodules and without the use of any nitro-culture. The
nodules on Velvet beans are as large as hazelnuts, Soy
beans the next in size, and Japan clover the smallest.
Our soil here is splendidly adapted to the legumes,

502

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 1,

all of which grow well. Cow peas grow on the thin-
est soil, and Crimson clover does well if the weather
in the Autumn is favorable to get a stand.

MARTIN L. BENSON.

SOME PROBLEMS WITH ALFALFA.

1 believe in my letter on Alfalfa last Fall I prom¬
ised a further report this Spring. The piece was top-
dressed last Winter, mainly with horse manure pur¬
chased in town, spread by hand. This Spring one of
Clark’s smoothing or leveling harrows was run over
to stir up the manure and spread it more evenly. As
I did not wish to rcplow the piece if the Alfalfa was a
failure or a partial failure, I sowed it to Timothy,
which was a fine catch and stand before Winter. This
Spring, about April 1, ] sov d Red clover at rate of 10
pounds to the acre, so I have a mess and a heavy crop
on the land. About two-thirds of the piece is a good
stand of Alfalfa, thick enough; the rest not so good.
It is now knee high or over, thick and heavy. Where
Alfalfa is thin Timothy and clover have come in heav¬
ily. The query is the survival of the fittest; will the
Alfalfa run out Lhe grass and clover or vice versa? I
shall cut as soon as the Alfalfa begins to come in
bloom if the weather permits. We have had a very wet
season so far here, which probably has something to do
with the heavy growth. Until lately roots have been
smooth. I now find on the fine rootlets and around the
base of the plant numerous tubercles, the size and
double the size of pinheads.

1 think I made a mistake last Spring in preparing
the bacteria in not keeping it warm enough, or in using
it too soon, as it did not get that milky or cloudy ap¬
pearance spoken of. I sowed another piece this Spring
and was careful to keep the bacteria about milk warm,
or at 80 or 90 degrees. It was cloudy enough. I
soaked the seed in it over night ; the seed took it all
up; sowed the seed -May 1 without any nurse crop, and
now have as fine a stand of young Alfalfa as could be
wished for, no bare spots; 6 to 12 inches high. I sowed
30 pounds to the acre. The piece was plowed last
Fall, well manured in Winter. The land had had no
manure or fertilizer for several years previous. I
used about 250 pounds of a home-mixed fertilizer,
ammonia, 8 phosphoric acid, 10 potash, except on a
narrow strip on one side, where I used none ; soil clay
loam with a trace of sand or sandy loam. c. E. b.

Canton, N. Y. _

SELLING DAIRY PRODUCTS.

I have been interested during the past five years
in watching the development of the retail butter,
cheese and egg stores of the Oneida Creamery
Co., with headquarters in Utica, N. Y. I recently ob¬
tained some valuable information from one of the
proprietors, Wesley McLeod. The company started
with one store with the idea that these commodities
should be sold at a smaller margin than customary
when sold at grocery stores, and by so doing increase
the consumption. 1 hat the movement has been a pro¬
nounced success is evidenced by the growth of the
business, until now 21 of 'these stores are running un¬
der this management, located chiefly in the cities
and towns from Buffalo to Schenectady. The
stores are finished in white, kept neat and attractive,
and certainly in appearance add to the desire for the
products when one enters. By a very simple device,
a scheme perfected by Mr. McLeod, the butter has all
the advantages of the refrigerator without contact with
the cheese, removing it from any danger of taking on
the flavors so pronounced in the soft cheeses. The
retail prices have been cut on cheese from two to three
cents a pound, and in the city of Utica the increased
consumption has been one-third per capita. Another
very interesting feature is the fact that the demand
for secondary quality has practically ceased, and only
the finest is kept ; no skim cheese or imitation cream¬
ery butter is sold. While the trade is among every
class of people, it has mainly developed among the
better class of laboring people ; that is, those who would
intelligently purchase in an effort to secure the most
and best for a given sum. Even the Italian trade,
said Mr. McLeod, is learning to buy the best; where
formerly some dairy butter was used it is now only
creamery. Where they formerly cut one cheese a week,
now they sell eight to 10. The largest per cent increase
in the cheese trade has been upon Brick Muenster,
Limburger and Neufchatel. It matters not what style
of manufacture people buy if they will only eat cheese.
The food nutrients in these cheeses just mentioned
cost more than in the so-called American or Cheddar
cheese, but the flavor is peculiar and they are soft, and
so people buy them, even though more costly. One
fact that has influenced the consumption of Cheddar
cheese has been the clean, fresh condition of each piece;
no dry cheese. The goods are all bought at the fac¬
tories and shinped direct to the stores. These people
are heavy buyers of butter and cheese, and so place

the goods on the shelves at the lowest possible price.
These stores are managed upon an actual cash basis;
r.o books are kept and no credit given. The whole
thing is systematized, is correct in theory and practice,
and should have a thorough- advertising and backing
from an agricultural point of view, and be encouraged
by the producers and consumers. If every town had
its dairy store it would not be long before we could
record more than the present 3J4 pounds of cheese per
capita per annum. _ h. e. cook.

A CONVENIENT BATHROOM.

Fig. 210 shows a sketch of our bathroom, put in in
189(5. The leading feature is the water closet placed by

the kitchen flue (and furnace flue) and ventilating into it
by two pipes, one of which, from the soil pipe, is car¬
ried up a few feet in the flue. The other one runs up
some four feet before entering the flue. Another feature
is the locating of a 50-gallon circulating boiler over the
foot of the bathtub, where it is out of the way and heats
the bathroom from the kitchen fire. The flue too heats
well. The expansion tank (our house is heated with
hot water) is set on a shelf over the basin and is out
of the way, while the corner wash basin is set in the
angle by the flue. We have one large window facing
the south and two doors. The bath and water closet
were second-hand, and I do not think the whole cost
for the outfit when put in exceeded $60, and everything
is good. JOS. PENNELL.

Pennsylvania. _

SORGHUM FOR HORSE FEED.

In the many statements in The R. N.-Y. as to how
horses are fed, the above valuable feed is not men¬
tioned. It is certainly one of the best, and is much

AT.FALFA HUNTS FOR WATER. Fig. 211.

relished by the horses. I am not posted by actual ex¬
periment as to how horses fed on it would stand heavy,
continuous work, but I feel safe in saying that it can

be economically used as a part of the ration. I do

not know of any cheaper provender for farm teams
during the Winter. Fed in connection with corn fod¬
der or stover they will do their stint of work and get
fat. In feeding sorghum to horses, there is no waste,
for if properly fed, they will clean it up, as well as they
will the finest quality of clover, or Alfalfa hay. A
larger amount of it can be grown on an acre than of
any other matured forage grown for horses. The

crop is easily taken care of, and easily fed, and makes

the most desirable feed when most needed, that is,
during the hard Winter months. On this farm there
is a mare used for driving that has the heaves. If she

can get what Alfalfa at a time she will eat, she is not
fit to drive. Late last Summer she got thin, because
it was difficult to feed her a sufficient amount of hay to
keep her in flesh. After the sorghum got ripe, and she
could have what she wanted, she got in excellent flesh,
and did all driving required, without distressing her.

For horse feed it is best to plant in rows, as it would
be planted to grow for molasses, and when ripe cut
with a corn harvester in good-sized bundles. It is
easier cured, and handles better, if one or two sharp
frosts strike it before it is cut, taking care to cut it
before the blades begin to drop. Last Fall the crop
here was shocked in the f dd, immediately after cut¬
ting, and fed from the shock, the last of it being used
in April. But it is best to finish feeding sooner, if it is
led from the shock. I could not store under shelter,
because the barns were full of Alfalfa hay, but the
horses had none of the hay till Spring work began.
It is not advisable to plant it till after corn planting*
because it is slow to start when the ground is cold.

_ JOHN M. JAMISON.

EFFECT OF LIME UPON CROPS.

It makes small difference to us brothers of the hoe whether
lhe lime becomes a carbonate, silicate or •‘slumgum." What
we want to know is, what is lime best lit ted for, and what it
absolutely harms. Why not print a list of the plants that
are most benefited by lime, also a list, not u Jong one, sure,
that it will harm. m. s, l.

Long Island.

The most complete list we know of is the one made
up by Prof. H. J. Wheeler, of the Rhode Island Statidh.
Here it is : •

“According to experiments made by the Rhode Island
Agricultural Experiment Station on acid soils in that
State, the plants tested may be classified with regard
to their behavior toward lime as follows: Plants bene¬
fited by liming — Spinach, lettuce (all kinds), beets (all
kinds), okra (gumbo), salsify (vegetable oyster), cel¬
ery, onion, parsnip, cauliflower, cucumber, egg plant,
cantaloupe, asparagus, kohl rabi, cabbage, dandelion,
Swedish turnip, pepper, peanut, English or flat turnip,
upland cress (pepper grass), Martynia, rhubarb, com¬
mon pea, pumpkin, Summer squash (scalloped), Golden
Wax bean. Red Valentine bean, Horticultural Pole bean,
bush Lima bean, lentil, Hubbard squash, saltbush, hemp,
tobacco, sorghum, Alfalfa, clover (Red, White, Crimson
and Alsike), barley, emmer, wheat, oats, Timothy, Ken¬
tucky Blue grass, Canada pea, Cuthbert raspberry, goose¬
berry, currant (White Dutch), orange, quince, cherry,
Burbank Japan plum, American linden, American elm,
Sweet Alyssum, mignonette, nasturtium, balsam, pansy,
poppy and sweet pea. Plants but little benefited by lim¬
ing — Indian corn, spurry, rye, carrot, chicory, Rhode
Island Bent and Red top. Plants slightly injured by
liming — Cotton, tomato, cow pea, Zinnia, Phlox ( Drum¬
mond! ), Concord grape, peach, apple and pear. Plants
distinctly injured by liming — Lupine, common sorrel
(Rumex acctosella), radish, Velvet bean, castor bean,
flax, blackberry, blackcap raspberry, cranberry, Norway
spruce and American White birch. Other plants said
to be injured are the chestnut, Azalea and Rhododen¬
dron.”

Of course it will not do to say that this behavior will
be noticed everywhere. Quite likely farmers have ob¬
served that lime does not always operate the same on
their soils. Some things seem to be quite clear, how¬
ever. For example, Timothy and clover seem to re¬
spond to lime better than Red-top does. Corn does not
respond to lime as the small grains usually do, so that
the practice of liming when planting corn is not as
satisfactory as is the plan of using lime when seeding
to grass and Fall-sown grain. While lime appears to
increase the yield of potatoes it also increases the lia¬
bility to scab.

NOTES ON THE CRANBERRY BUSINESS.

The prices obtained for cranberries during the last six
or seven years have given the business an impetus to the
extent of greatly increasing the acreage, which will no doubt
within a year or two result in a much larger production, and
it would seem that under certain conditions, i. e., a normal
crop in the cranberry growing section of the United States,
together with a good crop of other varieties of fruits, the
price of cranberries must rule low ; whether so low as to pre¬
clude the possibility of profit remains to be seen. In regard
to lands best suited to cranberry growing in Massachusetts,
a peat or muck swamp that has been covered with a growth
of maple, cedar, alder or brush is preferable to a swale or
grass bottom, as there would be less trouble from grass or
weeds springing up. I should consider good drainage as of
prime importance in a cranberry hog. A good peat bottom
and good sand, covering the bog when graded with about
three inches of sand. I have known some bogs to do well
that had very little or no control of water, although I
think it is a benefit to flood the bog in Winter, but should
not hesitate to build bog without it. other conditions being
favorable. The cost of building bogs varies from $1.50 to
$3.50 an acre. 1 think an average would be about $2.50
I have used fertilizer to good advantage on young bog where
vines did not make sufficiently rapid growth ; also on old
bogs, resulting in a more vigorous growth of vines and in¬
creased size of berries, although I think it is unnecessarv on
young vines where they are making a good growth. There
are quite a number of varieties of cranberries. The Eariv
Hlack has been the leading early variety in this section, and
does well on most bogs. The Howes is a hardy late berry
largely grown in Massachusetts; the Bugle, Beil, McFarlin.
Centennial and other varieties are grown with more or less
success, according to the nature of the ground.

Massachusetts. georgb b. ai.i.ex.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

5o3

PUBLIC SPRAYING IN CANADA.

This matter was taken up by the Dominion Depart¬
ment of Agriculture some three years ago. In the
Spring of 1903 a gasoline sprayer outfit was placed
in operation between Woodstock and Ingersoll, in the
central part of this province. About 2,500 average
sized apple trees were secured for the work along a
route of about 10 miles. Orchards in this section had
in the past been, with a few exceptions, almost entirely
neglected. The Department made a contract with the
farmers to spray these trees a certain number of times
during the season at the discretion of the persons in
charge of the work. The farmers were in turn to pay
back to the Department the sum of five cents per tree
per spraying. About 20 orchards were accepted in the
section mentioned, the orchards being of all sizes and
descriptions, so that the work was done under various
conditions. It was found at the end of the season that
the average cost per tree for each spraying was
rather over four cents. Of course, under more suitable
conditions, and probably with more experienced men,
this might have been reduced.

The results at Ingersoll more than justified the cost
of the experiment. The section around which this
machine was operated apples were practically worthless,
many thousands of apples going to waste on the
ground ; then on the route sprayed under these con¬
ditions these were sold at good prices. Last year the
work was extended to the Provinces of Quebec and
Nova Scotia. This year the Provincial Government
has undertaken the operation of two power machines
at Meaford and Trenton respectively. These places
are situated in two of our best apple-growing coun¬
ties, with an output during 1904 of over two million
bushels each. The Government is naturally anxious to
encourage any methods which will tend to improve the
quality of the fruit sent out, and is hoping that the
operation of these sprayers this year will be carried on
in the coming season by other private persons or
through the local fruit growers’ associations. Already,
owing to the operation of these power machines, a
number of sprayers are at work throughout Ontario
outside of those operated by the Department.

Two types of machines arc at present in use. One,
the Spramotor spraying outfit, is composed of 150 or
200-gallon tank, double gas pump operated by 2J/2 or
three horse-power gasoline engine. This outfit has in
most cases a tower, two lines of hose and 12 to 18
nozzles. In most orchards two men are required for
handling the nozzles, with either a man or boy to
drive the team. The other type of machine is what
is known as the Niagara gas spraying outfit. This
is much simpler than the former machine, but costs con¬
siderably more for the gas used in operating it. It
consists of a gaslight tank containing the spraying
mixture, to which is connected the small tank contain¬
ing the carbonic acid gas under high pressure. By
opening a valve in the latter enough gas is allowed in
the back chamber to raise the pressure to the required
extent as indicated by the gauge. A powerful agitator
is furnished with both machines.

In regard to the number of trees which can
be handled by one of these machines, it will
depend, of course, on the size of the trees and
the condition of the orchard. At Meaford this
year we sprayed about 2,500, most of them of
average size. At Trenton there were a num¬
ber of orchards of about nine or ten years of
age and we handled a good many more. We
have contracted with the farmers in this sec¬
tion to spray the trees at a cost not to exceed
five cents per spraying. In some cases it will,

I think, considerably exceed this amount, due
largely to the closeness of the trees. Many of
the orchards planted out years ago were
about 20 feet apart and are almost impassa¬
ble. The Department is, of course, endeavor¬
ing simply to instruct the growers in each
locality in the use of the power machines. It
would seem as if a greater amount will have to be
charged per spraying by the men in this business on
a financial basis. One of the Associations is running
its own machine, and charges members in proportion to
the size of the trees and the bare cost of materials
and labor. It has more than paid for the machine in
the quality of the fruit which it handled last year.
This is in a scale-infested section, too. In most of
the sections of which I am speaking we have been
fighting only the leaf-eating insects and scab, and us¬
ing the poisoned Bordeaux Mixture.

Ontario Dept, of Agriculture. p. w. hodgetts.

INVESTIGATION OF IRON AND STEEL.

It is perhaps too soon to speak very definitely of
the results of the investigation we are making into the
lasting qualities of iron and steel, as used for fenc¬
ing. It is, however, my individual belief that the
trouble is mainly attributable to electrolytic action.
This electrolytic action is probably caused by the

manganese in the metal being unequally distributed.
Probably the sulphur content also has something to
to with the case. Thirty or forty years ago the Besse¬
mer pneumatic process of steel manufacture was not in
general use, and the older metals were wrought or
puddled by hand in open hearth furnaces. By this
older method not only were any impurities that were
present very evenly mixed with the metal, but also
the working over of the metal in a pasty condition
gave it the well-known fibrous structure of wrought
iron. In the Bessemer process, as is very well known,
the molten metal, after being blown with air, is fluxed
at the very last moment before pouring with a man¬
ganese alloy known as ferromanganese. It could
almost be expected that the manganese will never get
perfectly even distribution throughout the mass of
metal as long as this manipulation of the process is
maintained. There is a considerable mass of evidence
which we have collected, not only from our own ob¬
servations, but from the experience of many others,

HUNT'S SEEDLING NO. 3. FIG. 212.

that the trouble with modern steel wire, nails, etc., is
due to the unequal distribution of manganese. Of
course the fibrous structure of the older wrought iron
is probably also an element in its favor as far as
resistance to the oxidizing influences is concerned.
Acting Chief, Division of Tests, a. s. cushman,

HOW ALFALFA HUNTS WATER .

Some one in Colorado or Utah took exception to
my statement that "Alfalfa requires wet feet but a
dry head." I send you picture (see Fig. 211) of ideal
conditions for Alfalfa. Last Fall the high water cut
awry that bank, leaving it perpendicular; there was

a curtain of roots along the bank extending down to
the water at that time. The picture was taken about
the first of April. The bank, you will notice, has
caved off and hides the lower ends of the roots. The

water in the river is just at the lower edge of the

picture. That bank and field varies from eight to 15
feet above the water level. At the point where the
picture was taken the top of the bank is 12 feet above
the water.

Our farms in this valley are all underlaid with a
body of river water. The soil has been created over
what was once the sandy bed of the river. The soil
is composed of decayed vegetation and sediment washed
from the hills. The natural conditions are as near

perfect, I believe, as they can be for Alfalfa. I have

not seen better crops anywhere than grow on what we
call sub-irrigated land. Those roots run down to the
water. I regret that I didn’t have a picture taken last
Fall when the bank was perpendicular and the Alfalfa
roots formed a curtain all along the bank, reaching

clear down to the water, 12 feet. I didn’t think
anyone \vould dispute the natural habit of Alfalfa, or I
would have done so. It is true Alfalfa will not grow
in water-soaked ground; that is, where the ground is
filled with water from the surface down, but it will
grow to perfection if the roots can go down from five
to I don't know how many feet and get what water the
plant requires. a. d. h.

Norman, Okla.-

POTASH; FERTILIZING YOUNG TREES.

In an issue of The R. N.-Y. not long ago an inquirer
asked about using nitrate of potash in mixing fertilizer.

In the reply it was stated that the cost of fertilizer in¬
gredients in nitrate of potash was too great to war¬
rant the use of it. I had supposed it was so myself
until last year I learned that the nitrate could be pur¬
chased in New York for $70 per ton, which would
analyze 44 per cent potash and 10 per cent ammonia.

It was too late when I learned the fact to get it for
use last year, but this year 1 bought two tons of it,
but I had to pay $75 per ton in New York, cost here
$78. Even at that price it is the cheapest source for
nitrogen and potash which I know. Nitrate of soda at
$52.60, reground, which it costs me delivered here,
makes ammonia cost 13.8 cents per pound. If we
reckon the potash in nitrate of equal value with the
potash in sulphate, high grade, just about five cents
a pound, the potash in 100 pounds of nitrate of potash
would be worth 44 X 5 = 2.20. The nitrate of potash
costs me per 100 pounds $3.60. Deduct the value of the
potash, $2.20, leaves the cost of 16 pounds of ammonia
$1.40, or 8^4 cents per pound, or a little better than
five cents less per pound than from nitrate of soda.
Prof. Goessman assured me that the nitrate of potash
from this source is of equal value with nitrogen and
potash from nitrate of soda and high-grade sulphate of
potash.

In reading Hope Farm Notes the thought came to me
that we learn as much, if not more, from failures than
from successes; experimentally, 1 mean; but in acquir¬
ing knowledge from readings or lectures we do not
usually have opportunity to learn from failures, as most
experimenters dislike to tell of their mistakes. The
guides for navigators are mostly warnings of danger;
so in life if persons were more willing to warn others
of their own mistakes perhap's there would be less
wreckages. I am led to these reflections by looking
over some of my work this Spring. I set some young
peach and apple trees, but most of them will die. I
knew better than to put manure about the roots when
setting, but thought good rich loam would be a good
thing. I had a quantity of what I called such, in which
I had grown rhubarb in my barn cellar this past Win¬
ter. It was a mixture of horse manure with some hen
droppings and loam, mostly loam. After setting the
rhubarb roots, I sowed on about 50 pounds of nitrate of
potash, which the free watering dissolved and carried
into the compost. I think there were about four or
five cords of the compost. The rhubarb did well, and
I reasoned that the material was so decom¬
posed and reduced that it would be only good
rich loam and well suited to use in setting
trees. But, alas, I did not realize the differ¬
ence in ability to stand rich feed,- between
rhubarb roots and the roots of young trees.
Had there been plenty of rain the trouble
might not have been serious, but we have not
had sufficient rain since the trees were set to
wet the dirt placed about their roots, and
most of the trees will be a loss. I hope my
experience may be a warning to others not to
try to fertilize young trees at their roots
when setting them. M. morse.

Massachusetts.

SPRAYING WITH COMPRESSED AIR

During the past three years I have done
considerable outside spraying. Nearly all
this spraying has been dene in peach orchards

>n a radius of one mile from my plant, and
the lime and sulphur mixture has been used, ex¬
cepting some later spraying with the Bordeaux.

[ have two compressed-air rigs, and have covered about
150 acres of peach orchards during the early Spring.
At the plant the mixtures are made, and also the tanks
are charged with compressed air while being filled with
the mixture. I have one man in the orchard who does
all the spraying, and a boy to deliver the charged rigs
to him and return the empty rig to the plant for re¬
charging. It requires about 30 minutes to blow out a
tank full of mixture, 120 gallons. I furnish and make
the mixture, and apply it to bearing trees at the rate of
three cents per gallon. This is really cheaper than the
average grower with the usual hand outfit can apply it,
counting the cost of their labor. Most of the larger
plants here are equipped with air compressors, and em¬
ploy thi's power instead of gasoline mixture and other
power pumps. Several are co-operative plants, and fur¬
nish mixture and power for the members and some out¬
siders. The introduction of this advanced method of
spraying has shorn the San Jose scale of its terrors, as
well as fungus diseases. w. h. owen.

5o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July i,

THE HOME OF BIG STRAWBERRIES.

Thomas R. Hunt, of Lambertville, N. J.,
knows how to grow big strawberries. He
has been growing fruit for over 40 years,
and is still ready to admit that he doesn’t
know it all. That ought to qualify a man
for service in the strawberry patch. When
I visited Mr. Hunt’s place on June 9 the
indications were that he would pick at
least 22, < 00 quarts of fruit on about 2]/2
acres. As this fruit rarely sells below 12
cents a quart at wholesale, and sometimes
brings 20 cents, it will be seen that these
are profitable acres. Some growers say
that big berries do not pay as well as
those of medium size, but Mr. Hunt does
not think so. His markets — Philadelphia
and Trenton — call for large, high-colored
fruit, and he has studied the best methods
of producing it. Soil, culture and special
varieties must be considered in providing
for a trade of this sort. A rich, strong soil
which holds water well is necessary. The
strawberry contains more water than
cow’s milk, and a constant supply of water
is as necessary for the growing straw¬
berry as it is for the milking cow. Mr.
Hunt has a pump and system of irriga¬
tion, but has not used it for several years.
He finds that a naturally strong soil, well
filled with humus, will absorb water, and
that a heavy mulch of horse manure on
the surface will hold the moisture in the
soil.

I have in years past told of Mr. Hunt’s
former methods of culture. It has prob¬
ably discouraged some readers to be told
how often the soil is cultivated and hoed,
and how much hand weeding is required.
One thing that induced me to visit the
farm again was the following note from
Mr. Hunt:

You know I have always grown my fruit
on year-old plants, renewing the bearing
plants each year, even though the patch re¬
mained in the same place, thus following
what has heretofore been considered the
proper method. But last year and year
before I have been experimenting in keeping
over and fruiting the old plants, and the
experiment has been attended by remark¬
ably good results, the plants seeming to gain
in vitality and fruiting qualities with in¬
creased age. This year I have a good many
rows (an acre) of two and three-year-old plants
which give promise of a great crop of line
berries, much better than my year-old patch,
and I should like you to see what, can be
done by old plants that have already grown
two crops.

I want to see anything that will de¬
crease the labor cost of producing* a crop,
not because I want to encourage laziness,
but because labor is becoming harder and
harder to obtain, and farmers must find
some substitute. The old plants were all
that Mr. Hunt claimed for them ; large
and healthy and covered with fine fruit.
The crowns of these old plants were
higher out of the ground than those of
younger plants, but they had made an
abundance of fruit buds and were matur¬
ing large fruit. The “culture,” if so it
may be called, was about as follows:
After fruiting the vines were mowed off
and burned. The entire surface of the
field is covered by a thick mulch of horse
manure, the plants growing up through it.
After the mowing of course the old plants
start new leaves, and also start out run¬
ners. The runners are cut off as they
come, a sickle being used for the pur¬
pose, so that the old plant grows up
throwing its full strength into leaf and
fruit buds. The mulch is not removed
from the ground — more is added. The
grass and weeds which grow through the
mulch are pulled by hand and left on the.
ground. The cost of this method is less
than half that of setting new plants or
“building up” the bed as advocated by
Mr. Kevitt. No one could see these
plants at Mr. Hunt’s place without real¬
izing that they are producing well. Mr.
Hunt says that he was driven to the ex¬
periment one year when work pressed so
hard that he could not care for the straw¬
berries in his usual way. They were, as
he thought, neglected, the runners cut off
and the old plants left. They did so well
that he tried it again, and found the suc¬
cess was not an accident. He would give

the three-year-old plants another fruiting
season, but that the ground where they
stand is needed for celery. Mr. Hunt’s
experience with old plants is much like
what we find in the poultry business. Most
poultry keepers advise pullets, and would
seldom keep a hen beyond her second
year, yet we often find men who keep
hens four and five years old with profit.

We may have the soil and the culture,
yet unless we have the right varieties we
shrll not produce big berries. Marshall
gives large fruit, but is not popular. Glen
Mary and Wm. Belt and others give good
results with some growers, but Mr. Hunt
has produced seedlings of his own. He
has a number of new ones growing every
year, most of them being discarded as not
much superior to others in cultivation.
Three years ago Mr. Hunt introduced
President, and a large part of his crop
this year is of that variety. This large,
fine-looking berry is finding its place
wherever big, high-colored fruit is want¬
ed. Two new seedlings of this year’s
lot are worth attention. No. 3 is shown
at Fig. 213, page 503. At. Mr, Hunt’s
place it is a strong "rower and heavy
yielder of large handsome fruit. It has
been tried at the Rural Grounds, and will
be reported in due time. No. 2 is a me¬
dium-sized berry of fine color and flavor.
Its most pronounced quality is the firm
flesh and tough skin, which make it re¬
markably useful as a shipping berry. It
is the firmest strawberry I have ever seen.

_ H. W. C.

Questions About Onion Sets.

11. K., Benton Harbor, Mich. — At what
time is it best to gather top sets from
onions? Is it best to wait until the stalk
on which they grew is perfectly dry, or to
pick them when the onions have formed and
just bclore the stalks die? I would also like
to know of a good way to keep the seed so
as to prevent the onion from sprouting.

Ans. — In answer to H. K.’s question,
the best time to gather top onion sets is
when the little onions are well formed, or
j ust when the main stalks begin to lose
their color, turning to a light green. It is
an indication that the parent plant has per¬
formed its work in reproducing itself in
the tops. The tops should then be cut,
leaving about four inches of the stalk on,
and dried in the sun for a few days, or
until the main stalk is dry; then stored
away in flats four inches deep, having
skitted bottoms to allow the air to circu¬
late freely. If the sets are kept cool and
dry even at the freezing point no trouble
will be experienced in keeping. An occa¬
sional turning during the Winter will go
far towards preventing sprouting.

JOHN JEANNIN JR.

An Orchard Problem.

E. B. H., Montevideo, Va. — Will The
It. N.-Y. please give an opinion on the fol¬
lowing orchard proposition? Three years
ago I went into a piece of timber land, cut
off the timber, burned the brush, cultivated
the land up both ways, dug the holes and
planfed 700 Stayman apple trees. The next
year dug around trbes square of about four
feet ; last year did nothing to them. This
year I find plenty of bushes and sprouts ;
am now mulching the trees with this brush.
As the brush is in full leaf, it makes a
dense covering around the trees. I do not
put the brush up against the trees, but make
a ring 10 feet in diameter around the tree
and two feet thick. The trees have done
fairly well so far. With the mulch treat¬
ment will they not make an orchard? Would
it not be better to pursue this plan rather
than try to' crop a piece of hillside land
that is stony? The land is fairly good and
would grow' the trees if not robbed by culti¬
vation.

Ans. — We shall be glad to have the ex¬
perience of those who have tried this plan.
We have one block of about 100 apple
trees planted under even rougher condi¬
tions. The land has not even been
cleaned. The apple trees are growing
right among White birches and brier
bushes. We gave each, tree a light mulch
of manure and a small quantity of lime,
and the growth has been satisfactory. We
hope, eventually to work up the land so
as to seed something that will serve as
mulch. We think you will be able to
grow an orchard of fair-sized trees pro¬
ducing beautiful fruit, but we should use
lime and small quantities of potash and
fine ground bone.

The SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER

takes less power because it is the only blower that provides for the
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THE SMALLEY

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Our FREE Catalogue will toll you all '
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—why it is best; why it will save you money
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— — 1 1 tTT-

Ensilage Cutting Mflade Easy

The “Blizzard” is a perfect hay, straw and fodder cutter, and a
most efficient dry corn fodder shredder. Prepares green and dry feed
economically, and this means money for the farmer. For ease and con-

- venience of operation, the

BLIZZARD

Feed and Ensilage Cutter or
Shredder with Wind Elevator

has no equal. Elevates to any height or in
any direction. Strongly built; has no com¬
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particulars how to get a “Billiard” on trial.
JOSEPH PICK AGRICULTURAL WORKS, Box 69 Canton, Ohio.

‘•Blizzard"

mounted.

New and
Improved
with Self
Feed Table

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

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will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Pnpoc. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

A low wagon
at a low price.
Handy for
the farmer.
Will carry a
load any¬
where a horse
cad travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
• width of tire. Hubs to lit any axle.
For catalogue and prices, write to

EmpIreMfg.Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

WAGON SENSE

Don’t break your back and kill your
horses with a high wheel wagon.
For comfort’s sake get an

Electric Handy Wagen.

It will »ave you time and money. A
set of Electric Steel Wheels will
make your old wagon new at small
cost. Write for catalogue. Itisfree.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Boi 88, Quincy, III.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

Well

DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made! Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIH, OHIO.

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

Potted Strawberry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

CUTTERS ana BLOWERS

Billiton the right principle.

- * • wr •

, combining safety flywheel, belt pulley and
feeding derice. Will eloTate easily into any eilo. Also iiloe, engines,
horea poweri, threshers and hay presses. Write for our free catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box II, Coble9kill, N.Y

ENS[

>,LV

V «urrti»

r Mounted or unmounted. Wltheitherl
, blowers or carriers for elevating. Out’,
r blowers are efficient and light running ^
and work perfectly. Large line ofPower
and Hand Feed Cutters, Horse Powers, Saw
Prune., SmtU Threslitri , Carti, etc. Catalog! free.
BELLE CITY MFC. CO.,

Box 23. e Racine Jot. Wla.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries
Drawer 1044-- I, Rochester, N,Y»
Established 181+ 0.

Iff FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

-BUDS!—

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.
Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS $1 per

1,000. CRIMSON CLOVER SEED, $4 a bushel. List
free. SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Delaware.

CELERY and CABBAGE PUNTS

FOR SALE — Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, f. o. b. here. Write for prices.
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15.
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS CELERY! White Plume,
Giant Pascal, and ether varieties, 1,000, $1.00; 10,000
$8.50; transplanted, 1,000, $2. Cabbage and Tomatoes,
same prices. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

|p I and Cabbage Plants. Very

EL Eb EL irc ■ Strong. The plants have an
average of four square inches of space each over the
whole field. $1, 1,000; $4, 5,000; 70c. 500. CELERY-
Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, Golden Self Blanching,
White Plume. CABBAGE— Danish Ballhead, Suc¬
cession, Surehead. F.W. ROCHELLE, Chester, N.J.

O A I Crimson Clover Seed,

fl Ia. <1^ M La EL $4.50 per bushel; Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
Prrtrli ■r'xx a Full in (Qfifi Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to

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Hr catalogue mailed free. Write now. T. J. DWYER & COMPANY, P. O. BOX l,CORNWALL,N.Yi

5

TREES

4&C BCD CDCIftUT DAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina

rtll IUUj rnLIUnl rAlU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low’wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
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price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
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grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

HHNRY A. DBBEBi 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Fenna*

CRIMSON CLOVER

1905.

5o5

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A WOMAN'S FARM NOTES .

Changing to the Farm. — It seems to
me that each year sees an increasing num¬
ber of city people looking hopefully toward
farm life as an escape from uncongenial
employment in the city, or as a means to
regain broken health and at the same time
earn a livelihood from the soil. It is a
hopeful sign, but many of these people
are doomed to disappointment and dis¬
illusionment — merely on account of ignor¬
ance. City life and country life are t so
different that a thorough knowledge of
how to make a living in the one is hardly
any help when a change is made to the
other. But the average city man does not
realize this, and he buys his farm and
moves upon it with a blind confidence in
his ability to get a living from it, and
without any but the vaguest ideas of how
he is to do it. If the man who is about
to make this radical change in his manner
of living would give serious thought to
one or two points, he would stand a much
better chance to make a success of his ex¬
periment and make it much more quickly.
The points I have in mind are these :
That first of all he should decide upon the
kind of farming he wishes to engage in,
whether dairying, poultry farming, stock
raising, market gardening or mixed farm¬
ing. He should remember that this is
the age of specializing, in farming as well
as in other business ; this may be a difficult
question for a city man to decide, but if
he reads agricultural papers, and visits
farms where the different kinds of farm¬
ing are carried on, lie ought to be able to
make up his mind which branch has the
most attractions for him and for which
he is best fitted. After his decision is
made, comes the next point, — getting the
farm best suited to the branch of farming
he is to undertake. To many city people
a farm is a farm, and if it is attractive
and suitably located they are satisfied.
But farms vary as much as other indus¬
trial plants. A man who was going into
the manufacture of woolen cloth and was
looking for a building and machinery for
carrying on his business, would not think
of buying a fully equipped shoe factory
for his purpose. And so if one intends to
raise chickens, he does not want to buy
a farm consisting mostly of low, heavy,
grass land which would exactly suit the
dairyman, and on the other hand the
dairyman does not want a high, dry sandy
farm which would be just what the
poultryman could use. Given an intelli¬
gent, energetic man — even if he never
lived on a farm — who knows what he
wants to do and has a farm that is
adapted to the requirements of his busi¬
ness, and it is hard to see how he can fail.

The Farmer’s Best Friend. — In this
locality it seems to me that the cow is
the farmer’s best friend. If a man has a
few good cows it seems as if he manages
to get along and pay his bills and make
improvements and get ahead. Cows bring
in a daily income, not very large it may
be, but sure and regular, and oftentimes
this counts for more than the spasmodic
income—?' large sum coming in a few
times a year and nothing between. There
are places where milk brings such a low
price that there is hardly a living in it,
but here the price is high, and it takes
a poor manager indeed not to make a
good living if the cows are what they
should be. To be sure, the keeping of
cows involves a sort of slavery. The
dairyman knows not holidays nor Sun¬
days, for the cows should be milked and
fed and watered every day with the reg¬
ularity of clockwork, but this daily grind
brings its reward in the daily income and
the steady improvement of the land.

Humus. — We read more and more
about the necessity of there being humus
in the soil. For years I have proved the
virtue of organic matter in the soil which
I used for my house plants. I have used
half garden soil, and half leaf mold from
the woods, with the addition of bone flour
and wood ashes. The plants have re¬
sponded nobly and shown the effect of a

light, porous soil combined with suitable
fertilizers and moisture.

Caring for the Hands.— I have always
rather scorned to wear gloves when doing
rough work, but this year when I helped
get in the next Winter’s supply of wood,

1 put on an old pair of loose fitting,
leather gloves. I found that I could work
much faster, not having to be careful how
I handled the rough sticks of wood, and
when I got through I had not a scratch,
sliver or blister, or even a hangnail as a
souvenir of my work. So in the future I
advocate the wearing of gloves whenever
practicable.

Dynamite Again. — In talking with a
neighbor about dynamite, he. said he fol¬
lowed a little different method from ours,
and it might possibly be a little safer.
He is careful to keep the caps away from
the dynamite while he is working. He
puts the charge into the hole in the rock,
then with a small wooden stick makes a
hole in the dynamite, into which he puts
the cap and fuse. He is using the 70-
per cent dynamite this year, and likes it
much better than the weaker kind. 1 oo
much care cannot be taken in the handling
of the caps.

Grass. — For some time we have experi¬
mented in a small way with different
grasses, and we have reached the conclu¬
sion that nothing comes of it but vexa¬
tion of spirit, and that if one wants to
raise hay he had better stick to the old
standbys — Timothy, Redtop and clover.
Orchard grass looks well, but it grows in
bunches, and has a way of dying out for
no apparent reason. Tall Meadow oat-
grass looks promising, as do some other
varieties, but one can’t make good hay out
of promises. But of all the delusions we
think grass mixtures are the greatest. We
seeded an acre with a kind that we
thought must be good, as it was very
highly recommended by an old established
seed firm. Some of this grass matures in
the latter part of May and some of it in
July, so when we harvest it in the latter
part of June, the greater part of the “mix¬
ture” being ready to cut then, some of it
is woody, and some of it immature. While
some of the grass is amazingly tall, there
is no “bottom” to the stand, and it is very
unsatisfactory. One must live and learn,
but we have decided that it is more prof¬
itable to learn by some one’s else experi¬
ence — Mr. Clark’s, for example — than to
waste time and money and land trying
new grasses and patent mixtures.

SUSAN BROWN ROB11INS.

without injury to the tenderest foliage. I
would try it at the rate of five pounds in
50 gallons for the Striped melon beetle.

I do not think the spray of Paris-green
mentioned would prove effective, and if
used stronger it might injure the vines.
One of the most effective sprays now used
for this insect is Bordeaux Mixture. It
probably does not kill many of the beetles,
but they do not like to eat plants thor¬
oughly sprayed with it. I would use this
fungicide freely at least every week or 10
days, until the plants get beyond the dan¬
ger of injury from this pest.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Cause of Double-Flowered Blackberries.

M. L. B., Donyola, III. — ’What is the cause
of double-flowered blooms on the blackberry?
Is it a peculiarity of the variety, or a dis¬
ease? I have a plantation of Erie, which is
very badly affected this way, and appears to
get worse each season.

Ans. — Double blossom or rose bloom in
blackberries is a disease due to attacks of
a peculiar fungus. It is a very obscure
trouble, and no effective means of con¬
trolling it are known. Erie and Wilson’s
Early blackberries are readily affected by
it, whole fields often being ruined, as dis¬
eased blooms produce no berries. The
only treatment appears to be to root out
all affected plants and burn them to check
further spread of the trouble.

Round or Square Silo ?

C. 8., Potsdam, N. Y. — I have a bay 14x15
in which I want to build a silo. Would you
build it square or round? Stone is plenti¬
ful, lumber $16 for hemlock, and other
kinds in proportion. IIow low is it prac¬
tical to dig, having good drainage? Would
a partition, if square and made of stone,
be a good thing, so as to have less surface
exposed in feeding.

Ans.— I should build the silo square if
it was to be placed in the 14 x 15 space.
Make the sides strong, use plank for sides
and plaster with Portland. Whether a
partition would be best will depend upon
the number of cows to be fed therefrom.
It is practical with good drainage to dig
six feet. Of course there must be no mis¬
take about drainage, and then I should
want the wall plastered with Portland.

_ H. E. COOK.

Fbr the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Insures a full milk pail
Pratts Cow Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

BINDER TWINE

03. Farmers Wanted as Agents,

04^ AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa-

WICH-

SELF

Horse

HAY PRESS

The Baler for speed. Bales 12 to 18 tons a day.
Has 40 inch feed hole. Adapted to bank barn
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does not increase draft. Send for catalogue/

Sandwich Mfg. Co., 157 Main St., Sandwich, Ills.

GOING TO BALE
HAY OR STRAW?

The Alligator Box Preeeia guaranteed to bale 23
tons of bay in 10 hours, or no pay. Hercules,
large bale press, guaranteed capacity ! tons an
hour. Small bale Perpetual Presses with capacity
guaranteed greater than any other small press.
Catalog free, In writing name tbia paper.

J. A. SPENCER
Dwight, Illinois

BALES 1S Ta°D7r HAY

and Make n Profit

Gem and Victor Presses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy,
38 years — 18 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say Hay Press to GEO. ERTKL C0„ Quincy, 111.

Hay Presses v?Lh

go low that it will

j. not pay you to patch your

-* old pr«K« or borrow
your neighbor*. T H K
ypj HENDRICKS is Um
^ etroiiKf'Hfc and easlor to
- operate than any other
press on the market.
Th«*y are easy to pay for.

i m i oi o vnci j vo j'uj *«»•

, Free catal’g. B. D. Hendricks & Co. , Cornell St., Kingston, N.Y.

MAKE YOUR OWN FENCE POSTS

Reseeding to Crimson Clover.

E. R. T., Harpers Ferry, IF. Ya. — I would
like your advice as to a piece of Crimson
clover. It was seeded last Fall, and grazed
closely all Spring, so that after the hogs
were removed from it a few weeks ago, it
bloomed close to the ground. There is a
good stand and abundant bloom. I would
like this crop to reseed itself; would it he
best to follow the land when the seed is
ripe or simply to leave it as it is? It was
well ton-dressed with stable manure in the
Winter, and I have thought that this might
provide sufficient covering for the seed with¬
out plowing.

Ans. — We doubt If you will obtain a
good seeding from the Crimson clover,
unless the bloom was well developed. We
have not been very successful in reseed¬
ing from such small plants, where the
crop was pastured off. We should not
plow the ground unless we wished to raise
another crop of some sort. Work the
ground over both ways with an Acme or
straight-tooth harrow after the seed has
fully ripened. This will scatter the seed
all over.

Poison for Striped Melon Bugs.

E. IF. 8., E. Radford, Fa. — Can you tell
me if arsenate of lead will kill the Striped
melon bugs? Will it burn the leaves? IIow
about Paris-green, four ounces, and eight
ounces of lime to 50 gallons of water? Do
you think this strong enough to kill the
bugs and not burn the foliage?

Ans. — I do not know if the arsenate of
lead will kill the Striped melon beetle,
but if any poison will kill them, this is
surely the best and safest one to use.
This poison can be used very strongly

With the COX No. « CEMENT
POST MACHINE, which cost#
but a small sum,

IT IS A REVELATION
IN POST MAKING.

Cement and reinforcements are all
that is necessai'y to buy. Posts
can be made far cheaper than you
Can buy cedar posts, and you can
save that continued trouble and
expense you have bad with wood
posts. So simple a child can
operate — one movement of the
lever locks and unlocks it and
trowels the post at the same time,
the posts will last forever. Send
for catalogue and full particulars,
Write to-day.

Atlas Cement Machinery Co,

338 South Ave., Rochester. N, Y.

The “

” the Standard Baler#

i See it work and youare convinced ,

- - I of its superiority. Power press [

shown delivers two 100 lb bales per minute, square and tight, bales that ■ P^ckF*r“- f

IT HAS FEATURES!

SMS, ^og^onttnuous

Travel and Reversible Lever presses. 38 styles and sizes. Eli catalogue free. I

Collins Plow Co., Ill Hampshire St., Quincy, Ills.

2 Tons in I Hour with I Good Horse

4 Strokes to I Revolution Automatio Feed and Hopper

Horse Power and Belt Power Combined, at Price of One,

Twice the Capacity of other Balers at half the price, is

Four to One which Equals Our

“Big 4” a

We also make Hand Feed Presses 2 *4 Strokes to 1 Revolution; Saw Mills; Shingle Mills;
Planers; Edgers; Lath Mills; Corn Mills; Water Wheels, etc. Write for Catalogue.

DeLoach Mill Manufacturing Co., Box 1002 Atlanta, Ca.

5o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 1,

A A. .A. .A. JL .A. .A. .A.*

Ruralisms ►

v”v ^

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Horticultural Nuisances. — We do
not propose to discuss here the ordinary
and obvious difficulties with which the
gardener and fruit grower must always
contend. Bugs, blights, diseases, the ex¬
actions of the transportation companies
and the dishonesty of middlemen we have
always with us, and they must be steadily
opposed by all means within our power.
Vicissitudes of weather and conditions of
soil and climate are ever-present factors
to be overcome by intelligent application,
but there remain some wholly unnec¬
essary annoyances that should be elimi¬
nated, and will doubtless be when we
reach a higher plane of civilization. Only
a few can be mentioned.

Fruit-eating Birds. — Nearly 1,000 spe¬
cies of birds have been observed in the
continental limits of the United States,
scarcely a dozen of which are harmful to
the horticulturist. In the Eastern States
the robin, catbird and cedar-bird or wax¬
wing are the only noticeably destructive
kinds. 'I he robin leads all others in
abundance, impudence and destructive
powers. The story of the robin’s depre¬
dations on the Rural Grounds has been
given in past numbers, and it is only nec¬
essary to say that the tiresome round of
destruction of our choicest small fruits,
beginning with half-grown cherries and'
earliest strawberries, down the list to
October grapes, has promptly begun. We
grow an abundance of these fruits. There
are outlying trees of cherries, Juneberries
and mulberries, and perhaps one-quarter
acre of abandoned strawberry beds filled
with fruits, aside from our trial plot, yet
in order to secure ripe and perfect ber¬
ries from the latter we must cover the
plants with netting. 1 he early cherries
all go. We have never had a ripe one,
and the black grapes must be picked
many days before real maturity. We
prefer not to calculate losses on raspber¬
ries and other intermediate fruits. We
are not allowed by law to kill these an¬
noying and useless birds, even in the act
of fruit destruction but find that a little
banging away of blank charges from a
noisy gun has some deterrent effect, at
least while one is about. The fruit grow¬
ers of New Jersey respectfully asked their
lawmakers to amend the existing protective
bird laws so that their crop — the crea¬
tion of their own industry — might be de¬
fended on their own lands, but this par¬
ticular Legislature, which was so corrupt
that it adjourned in a panic at charges
from the responsible mayor of a large
city that it unduly favored certain great
corporations, gleefully voted down this
“Robin bill. New Jersey farmers and
gardeners are not sufficiently organized to
be feared at the polls.

Maudlin Bird Talk. — The legislators,
however, were not wholly to blame. At a
hearing of this “Robin bill” a college
professor testi to the inestimable value,
from a theoretical standpoint, each pair
of robins was to the farmer, somehow es¬
timated at $35 each year, and thousands
of signatures were secured to petitions
from school children, who did not clearly
understand what they were signing, to
the effect that the robin be spared from
the deadly fruit grower. Unimpeachable
investigators have shown that the most
valuable “bird” to the gardener is the
common toad. He dors eat injurious in¬
sects — lots of them — and he never injures
anything of value to man. Happy is the
trucker who has a flock of toads. The
next in useful order for insect destroy¬
ing powers are domestic fowls, partic¬
ularly the turkey. A brood of common
chicks will gather up more harmful in¬
sects than a township of robins, as when
the robin is not eating fruits or berries

he is preying on the indispensable earth¬
worm. There are grave objections to hens
’ in the garden, but little chicks are all
right.

Long Live Bob White. — The most use¬
ful of wild birds' to the farmer, without
doubt, is the Bob-White, known as Vir¬
ginia quail or partridge. He is known to
destroy a greater variety of harmful in¬
sects, including occasionally the Potato
beetle, than any other, together with mil¬
lions of weed seeds. He is graceful,
cheerful and musical. He should be leg¬
ally taken from the class of gamebirds
and forever protected.

Rabbits. — A growing nuisance in this
locality is the wild or gray native hare,
so sedulously protected by law that it may
only be hunted six weeks in the year, and
not then when there is snow on the
ground — the time of all others when the
farmer boy is prepared to do full rabbit
execution. These restrictions are entirely
in the interest of city sportsmen and those
who can afford to hunt with dogs. Rab¬
bits are becoming so numerous and confi¬
dent that thev appear almost domesticated
about the Rural Grounds. They are daily
seen in full play, and a glance from a
window one recent morning showed five
adults careering about the lawn. So great
an area is planted with nursery products
in our vicinity that no great damage has
been done in rny special place until late¬
ly, when hybrid nut and fruit trees, two
years planted, were wantonly cut down in
midsummer, but the danger and annoy¬
ance is rapidly increasing. These rabbits
are full-fed Summer and Winter; there is
always abundance of clover and cabbage
when not covered by deep snow, but they
appear to be cultivating a taste for un¬
usual dainties. Thus we find a row of
choice new Gladiolus seedlings or carna¬
tion novelties nibbled to rags, or a lot of
young rose plants neatly cut off and
bunny’s tracks plainly evident in the loose
soil. One individual’s appetite has grown
so bizarre that he delights in novelties
among pepper plants, biting them off just
above the ground. The rabbit is not a
game animal — at best his flesh is poor
eating, and he is notoriously destructive
to fruit trees, cabbage ana turnip plants,
as well as to the valuable oddities be finds
on the Rural Grounds. When plentiful
he is an intolerable nuisance, to be classed
with other vermin, and merits no protec¬
tion from law — at least on the soil-tiller’s
own grounds.

Dogs. — Whether the dog has any place
in progressive civilization or not is a de¬
batable question. Some dogs are naturally
less objectionable than others, but each
and every dog is a danger and annoyance
when out of his master’s control. There
are lonely places where a well-trained
dog gives a feeling of protection, and
there may be rare occasions in country
life in which a faithful dog can really as¬
sist lus master, but the average dog kept
by farmers is a useless and rather dis¬
gusting parasite, while the town or subur¬
ban dog is almost wholly without excep¬
tion a nuisance. As the home grounds of
town dwellers are small and the neighbor¬
ing dog population numerous and excit¬
able the roaming habit is formed. Prop¬
erty is destroyed and lives endangered.
A pack of midnight yelpers, in chase of
cats or rabbits, goes crashing through the
gardener’s sprouting vegetation with re¬
sults that are always easier to imagine
than. describe. W e have followed the crook¬
ed track of a lone cur through a 12-acre
field to where he stepped on and stripped
from the stock the only growing bud of a
fruit novelty so scarce it could not be re¬
placed for a year. Our cucumber and
melon plants were fiercely attacked by the
Striped beetle, and an application of a
particularly odorous brand of bone meal
— our best preventive — was needed to
drive them away. The beetles lied, but an
assortment of dogs, stirred perhaps by
dim memories of long-buried bones, held
the following night a war dance on each
particular hill. The little seedlings were
not bettered by the performance. Not
long ago a neighbor had a field of table
corn nearly uprooted as the result of
placing a fish under each hill for fertiliz¬
ing purposes. Tf any corn was spared it
was because there were too many fishes
for the united capacity of the vagrant
dogs. The man who keeps his dogs at
all times within his home boundaries is
a good and safe citizen, but he who per¬
mits his canine pets to forage at large is
never to be trusted in any real emergency,
domestic or national. The first mentioned

class of dog owners is most discouraginglv
small.

The Man With the Horse. — The
horse is an indispensable animal — not to
be displaced by bicycle, trolley or auto¬
mobile. As a working machine he is
doubtless expensive and uncertain, but un¬
der intelligent management he can and
does render invaluable service to man.
trouble, horticulturally, is usually

The

with

alent

badly

the driver,
“singletree
harnessed
horses that has
trees than even

We know the all-prev-
disease,” the result of
and carelessly driven
ruined more good fruit
the dreadful San Jose
scale. There is always danger to valuable
vegetation when a horse is near, but com¬
petent management will reduce injuries to
the minimum. Words rather fail, how¬
ever, in the case of the free and easy
driver who comes, probably to consult you
about some trivial affair of little interest
save to himself, and ties his horse to a
favorite tree or allows him to browse
about a Rhododendron bed with the off-
wheel among the brittle bushes. Custom
and law does not allow us to deal with
this offender as he deserves. As with the
other nuisances, one must bear the losses
as best he can, hoping that progressive
civilization will modify his perceptions if
not eliminate him, together with the
birds, dogs and rabbits. w. v. f.

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TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

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The Ghatham Takes Oats From Wheat

Every farmer who prows succotash will be glad to learn that
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Farm

Hope

Notes

Tree Notes. — I can sympathize with what
Mr. Morse says on page 503. Last year I
was told of a fine way to plant trees. 1 was
to dig the holes in the Fall and fill them
with manure and add a little potash. In the
Spring this manure was to be dug out, the
tree planted in the hole thus made, and the
manure put around it as a mulch. I ought
to have known better, but this theory was so
plausible that I fixed 100 trees in this way.
This Spring I gave directions to dig out
the manure and some of the dirt. The t
refused to grow well. The buds started
dawdled along and most of them dried
Some never started at all, and some
recovering, after a soaking rain, hut not
of

on

or

to

all
•ees
and
up.
are
one

them is equal to trees put. in small holes
average soil and started without manure
fertilizer. It is just as much a mistake
start a young tree with manure or rich
soil around the roots as it is to start a boy
with money and opportunity packed so close¬
ly around him that he cannot get away from
it. The tree or the boy can utilize the wealth
of plant food or money after they make a
good start, but keep them away if you want
any start in the right direction. ... I
have been planting some apple trees with
three-year-old roots and one-year tops. These
trees were left unsold in the nursery row.
They could not well be carried over, and so
the tops were cut off close. A new bud start¬
ed and so I had a root at least three times
as large around as the top. These trees are
starting well. I like them, though I find
that most people object to their appearance.

. . . Since I advised cutting down that

old Flemish Beauty pear tree I have had
many letters from people who have made
such old trees fruitful. Here is a note about
a tree on the old place where I lived as a
hoy :

“It was 20 years old and never had borne
fruit that amounted to anything. Father
and went out to cut it
it over he thought to
the way and shades the
not cut it down now.’
bore two barrels of nice pears,
down cellar and we had them,
rosy-cheeked eating pears, all
tree lias borne ever since, and

took his ax one day
down. After looking
himself : ‘It is not in
I will

house some ;

That year it
We put them
nice flavored
Winter. The
this year the tree was white with blossoms
and the fruit is forming fast, and looks
abundant. Every week I used to take a pail
or two of washing suds and with a dipper
would pour it down the trunk of the tree,
starting as high up as I could reach. I
think that was what gave it a start.”

1 can readily see how glad the daughter
must be that Father changed his mind. Per¬
haps the tree was barkbound and the soap¬
suds may have loosened it: so that the bark
helped the twigs to produce something that
one can bite into. I can understand how a
person would work hard to save an old fam¬
ily tree.

All Sorts. — I have read of the man who
identified his long-lost brother because he had
“a strawberry mark on his left arm." The
Hope Farm people have eaten so many straw¬
berries that they ought to be well marked.
We have them at all hours. The other night
for supper our family consumed five boxes of
Marshall strawberries and nearly half a
bushel of green peas. This, with bread and
butter and milk, gave the grocer and the
butcher a poor show for trade. Yet suppose
we had been obliged to buy those things at
the price demanded for t lie best. One must
be a millionaire to live on such food, and
vet from now until after frost we shall have
our pick of four or more kinds of vegetables
and at least two kinds of fruit. It is bad
enough to live in the city and be denied these
things, but worse to live in the country and
cut yourself out of them. I don’t believe in
that form of self-denial. . . . We still

raise the Marshall strawberry for main crop,
though most commercial growers have dis¬
carded the variety. The great complaint is
that it does not yield heavily. That Is true
on most soils, but we find it remarkably hand¬
some. large and of the finest quality. For a
family berry the Marshall is good, because it
has a long season of ripening. I have known
it to continue ripening for 25 days. I do not
know of any variety that equals it in this re¬
spect. I came home late one night last week,
and found Mother in great trouble. Every
thing had gone wrong during the day. We
had promised a crate of My Marshalls to the
■customer whom we are
pleasing The little boys
it was impossible to get
faith in the staying power
find I didn’t lie awake
Shortly after five I was
We got the crate — and
too. Mother had
have faith like a

most desirous of
had reported that
the crate ! I had
of those Marshalls,
grieving about it.
out in the patch,
they were beauties
to admit that she didn't
grain of mustard seed, but
morning brought it back. . . . You would

be surprised to know how many people have
come forward with good advice and sugges¬
tions about my lame foot. I couldn't possi-
blv carry out all the suggestions and have
any fcot left. I am getting on my feet
again and am willing to accept all the ad¬
vice that will keep me there. Among the
remarks deemed suitable to the occasion is
one from a man who seems to have had expe¬
rience. Tie wants me to read the following
quotation from “The Heart of Rome,” page
69 : ,

“In nine cases out of 10 it is the woman
who enjoys the ecstatic delight of saying ‘I
told you so.’ and there are plenty of women
who would ask no greater joy In paradise
than to say so to their husbands forever and
ever, indeed, eternal punishment and reward
could thus be at once combined and distrib¬

uted in a simple manner.” All of which mav

being the most pro-
family man should

he true,
nouncod

this statement
a diplomatic

make. This is an additional reason for tak¬
ing your wife's advice.

Farm Help. — Since I printed the note
from Mr. Morse on page 459 calling for "de¬
cent" married men to take charge of a farm
I have heard Irom about 15 people who con¬
sider themselves decent and capable enough
to fill the bill. They seem to be all sorts of
people, young and middle aged, from city and
countvv. One man >s a farmer who has been
drenched year after year by floods of rain.

He wants a dry berth somewhere. There are
city men who want to try farming. 1 have
been obliged to ted those people that so far
as a job at Hope Farm is concerned the wife
must come ahead of the husband, as we need
help indoors. Another thing that comes up
is the children. It is a sad thing, but in
many cases the child is not wanted. 1 can
understand how farmers feel about such
things. They have tried to bring their chil¬
dren up at home, and have made sacrifices
to have them clean and unspoiled. They
shrink from bringing strange children to the
farm who may not be well trained, and who
may have bad habits of speech or behavior.
There is a danger here, as I know well. I
also know of farm children who have never
had good training. The children c f the
hired man may lie far superior, and yet they
are at a constant disadvantage. At the same
time I would like to know' what our farms
are for, if not for the rearing and training
of healthy children. It makes me very weary
to see people object to children, when a little
extra exertion on their part would fit these
little ones for good citizenship. I am not
going to start an “agency." but if people who
want a job and those who want good help
will write me, making known their wants and
what they have to to offer, I will try to bring
them together. The following letter will show
what some farmers are doing.

“Through reading in The It. N.-Y. early in
Spring that persons could obtain help by
writing to the Barge Office, New York City,

1 wrote, sending money for transportation of
hand. The man came, and is proving himself
a good, steady, trusty man. That one article
in your valuable paper is worth alone to me
several years’ subscriptions to your paper.

It seems to me other farm journals would be
benefiting their readers by printing notices
in their papers that farmers could obtain
help by writing to the U. S. Barge Office.
Farm hands are very scarce here, and ex¬
tremely high in price and very independent.
Jackson County is a rural county : no large
towns in it: has lost in population 1.4-10
within the last five years. Many other conn
ties report losses. As the old R. N.-Y. was
of so much benefit this time. I feel I am
indebted to it to the extent of being a per¬
manent subscriber." b. d.

Iowa.

I got Lars at the Free Labor Bureau at
the United States Barge Office. This Bureau
is conducted by several immigrant aid socie¬
ties who try to send desirable foreigners to
the country before they are fixed in the city.
This is a very good work. It is difficult,
however, to find a good farmer at this place,
and after sending money for transportation
one must take chances. IV. II. Meara, at this
Bureau, is the man to correspond with. The
farmer who takes an industrious foreigner
away from this great city is doing a patriotic
act. The sort of “Americanism” such a man
picks up here is the sort that ought to be
planted on the farm to grow up into a purer
article.

Farm Notes. — We cut the Alfalfa on June
15. A few hours after cutting it was raked
up and thrown into small cocks. Each day
these cocks were turned over — not spread out
at all. The result is a green looking hay
which smells good at least. I am told by
others that the best way to cure Alfalfa is
to rake it into windrows and leave it there,
turning it over from time to time. The ob¬
ject is to avoid knocking off the leaves, which
contain the best part of the hay. For this
reason a hay tedder seems out of place in the
Alfalfa field. Now I say “Alfalfa" when I
speak of my crop, but to tell the truth, there
is very little Alfalfa in it. It is about 80
per cent weeds. 10 per cent Crimson and Red
clover and the rest grass and Alfalfa. As
many of the weeds are daisies the stuff will
make fair hay. After cutting it over I hope
the Alfalfa will get a better start, and thus
make a better showing, but I don’t know
about it. I am disappointed at this out¬
come, hut shall keep at it. The

apples are setting a heavy crop. The Green¬
ings are likely to be loaded, and Baldwins
are not far behind. Many of the older or¬
chards in our country are in a bad way.
The scale is working in them, and they are
dying slowly. It seems almost useless to try
to spray these old trees. They are too high,
and the heads are so dense and irregular that
you cannot get the spray mixture all over the
wood. . . . Our cherry crop is fair, and
brings a good price. It is hard to get good
pickers for cherries. The fruit on the larger
trees grows far out. and many pickers do not
relish (he job. The cherries rot easily. We
were all ready to pick one year when there
came a warm rain, and in 36 hours practi¬
cally the entire crop was ruined. In theory
cherries ought to pay well, hut from our
practice T would not advise heavy planting.

I know one or two people who have
changed front on the robin question. Thev
found the largest and finest strawberries
picked and hacked. The birds did not ston
to eat the fruit, but simply went through the
patch, ruining the largest fruit. It was the
best example of cold-blooded wanton mischief
I ever saw. “Give the poor birds a little
fruit,” say the sentimentalists. I am willing
to contribute my share, but when the birds
act in that way I am done.

I get a number of letters like the follow¬
ing •

“Where can I get the form of ground phos-
phatic rock known as floats, and at about
what price? I am inclined to think it may
be good economy to apply a reasonable
amount of it yearly for future returns, as its
availability matures in the soil, not omitting
meantime the usual annual application of the
acid-treated form. I do not find it adver¬
tised in any of the agricultural papers that
I take.” w. s.

You will find it difficult to buy the “floats
or raw ground rock at a fair price. The
company which controls the phosphate indus
try does not care to sell the floats. Their
profit is made on the acid phosphate. I tToubf
the economy of using “floats.” I do not re¬
gard the soil as a long time investment, but
rather as a bank of deposit whence money is
always available. I would rather use (.lie
most available form of plant food in small
quantities at a time. Experiments with
“floats” have shown such small results that
few advocate their use, and few buy them.

11. w. c.

NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS.

Clark’s Reversible Bush & Bog Flow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double- Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
. true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Kev.

Disk Plow cuts a furrow5 to 10 i 11. deep, in. wide

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send forcir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARKOV? CO.,

Hlgganu'n. Conn., U. S. A.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAYANA METAL WHEEL CO.

B6X 17 HAVANA, ILL.

THE POTATO CROP ,

large or small, is best
harvested with

the Improved

DOWui

Potato Digger.

, Deep or shallow, you get
them all, fast, clean and un*
out. Standard digger with no peer, and It laata. Ask for free Powden book.

DOWDEN MFC. CO., Box 522 PRAIRIE CITY. IA.

THE

EQUITABLE

HENRY B.HYDE

FOUNDER.

J.W. ALEXANDER.
PRESIDENT

J.H.HYDE
VICE PRESIDENT

TIME AND TIDE
WAIT FOR NO MAN

Every tick of -the clock
brings you nearer the un¬
productive years of your life.

At the flood-tide of your
life make provision for your
mature years.

An Endowment Policy in the
Equitable will return your sur¬
plus earnings when you need
them most — and meanwhile
your loved ones are protected.

Splendid opportunities for men of character to act as representatives.

Wut. to CAGE E.TARBEll 21° Vies President.

SEND THIS COUPON FOR PARTICULARS OR WRITE

The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 120 Broadway, New York,

I>ept. No. 125.

Please send me information regarding an Endowment for $ . issued to a man

.years of ago.

Name —
Address

5c8

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 1,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

HERBERT W. COLLINGWOOD, Editor.

Ok. Wai.teh Van Fleet, | ,

Mrs. K. T. Kovlk, | Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. <5(1., or 8 Vi marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
\ve will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New -Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
' is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may lie made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YOUKEIt,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

Ik order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR GARDEN PLANS.

We offer prizes of $5, $3 and $2 for the best three
plans for a farmer’s garden. We want a drawing show¬
ing how the garden was planned, and a brief statement
of the vegetables grown, the work required and some¬
thing about the product. We want only plans of
fanners' gardens, showing how a good supply of vege¬
tables can be provided year after year without inter¬
fering with the regular farm work. We do not want
essays on amateur gardening or stories of special work,
but simply accounts of plain farmers’ gardens. The
drawings and essays must be here by August 1.

*

A smart and rich rogue is usually able to have a
“great” lawyer to keep him out of jail. These lawyers
are able to cut within a hair’s breadth of the law, so that
while their clients can rob the public they cannot be
indicted. It is one of the most discouraging things in
connection with modern business that these so-called
great lawyers are willing to sell their brains to unjailed
rascals who live by robbing the people.

*

The Spring thus far has been unusually cold. A few
days of unexpected heat caused great suffering in the
cities. Most of us have forgotten what hot weather is
like, but we must get used to it if there is to be any
corn. Thus far the corn crop is far behind. The
weather has been too cool, and unless July and August
are scorchers there will be a shortage of corn. There
is no “strike” that will affect so many people as a strike
of the weather makers against a hot Summer. Short
corn makes a long price on feed and everything that
comes from it.

*

Savings banks pay a low rate of interest but many
small investors are glad to deposit their money because
they feel that such banks are perfectly safe. The reason
why the rate of interest is low is because these banks
are under careful supervision and the directors are not
permitted to invest funds in any speculative schemes.
As a result savings bank funds are usually invested in
mortgages, city or State bonds or other perfectly safe
securities. The great life insurance companies accept
money from the people and agree to pay it back with
interest after a term of years, or to pay a certain sum
of money at the death of the insured. While in most
of these companies the policy holders or those who
insure are supposed to get the profits back in dividends
they rarely receive more than is paid by the savings
banks. It is well known that the profits made by these
large companies are much larger than the sums paid
as dividends. The balance seems to be held as a surplus
or eaten up by paying large salaries to officers. There
is little doubt that this “surplus” is used by officers for
private speculation. All the income such an insurance
company can have comes from the policy holders. Their
money therefore is used in dangerous speculations, while
they receive as interest no more than would be paid by
savings banks, which are not permitted to speculate!
People are realizing this, and the result will surely be
an overhauling of the insurance business. There must

be close supervision of the affairs of the great companies.
If they pay the policy holders no greater interest than
the savings banks pay, their investments must be
guarded and speculation must be stopped.

*

A long string of accidents by automobiles has been
reported of late. People have been killed and wounded
by servants who took the autos without leave and
drove recklessly about. Such drivers usually have more
or less liquor aboard, and in their hands an auto
becomes a terrible menace. In New York the magis¬
trates have at last begun to punish a second offense
at fast driving by imprisonment. That is the only sen¬
sible punishment. It is easy for a rich man to pay a
small fine. That is a good joke, but when he spends
a week or more behind the bars as a common prisoner
the smile comes off, and he will go slow enough to
keep out of jail.’

*

In trimming out brush along roadsides or fences
during the Summer, be sure that no wilting leaves or
branches of Black cherry (Primus serotina) are scat1
tered where browsing stock may reach them. It is
a singular fact that when wilting a combination of
ordinary harmless constituents in the leaves of this
cherry cause the formation of deadly prussic acid, and
cases of poisoning are not uncommon where such
material is left before cattle. The poisonous property
is volatile, and passes off quite quickly; it is only dan¬
gerous while the leaves are wilting, but it is easier to
avoid risks than to treat a case of prussic acid poison¬
ing. The prominent symptoms of Black cherry poison¬
ing in cattle are labored respiration, diminished pulse,
numbness, fright, protruding eyeballs, convulsions and
rapid death from paralysis of the lungs. Sometimes
there is frothing at the mouth ; the breath always carries
strongly the peculiar peach-kernel odor of the acid.
Where this property of the Black cherry is not known,
such cases are an absolute mystery to the owners of
affected stock.

*

President Roosevelt has appointed a committee which
is expected to overhaul the Government service, weed
out the drones and incompetents, and attempt to run the
public otisiness as a successful private enterprise is run.
Among other suggestions the President informs this
committee that it may well pick out the people who
write long letters when a few' lines might answer.
Fresh from his efforts to bring about peace between
Russia and Japan the President no doubt feels capable
of great things, but does he fully realize the size of the
job he has now undertaken? Who can shut off the
torrent of words flowing from one of these Government
windbags? We see only one way to do it, and that is
to compel them to write their letters with their own
hand. The modern system of dictating letters to a sten¬
ographer has bred words into many a good man’s letters
who would be as brief as need be if he were obliged to
write each one with a pen. We would prick these wind¬
bags with the point of their own pens. The modern
letter is often twice as long as it need be, because
some one beside the writer has to do the work of putting
it on paper. By all means give the windbags a pen
prick !

*

Mr. Darlington on page 514 gets at the wrong end
of the trouble with beef prices. He thinks eastern
buyers are not willing to pay enough for their meat.
When we are forced to pay 90 cents for a small roast
— weighing, when trimmed, a little over three pounds —
we feel that we are giving up “all the traffic will stand.”
Last Fall we gave the retail prices demanded by
butchers in a small New Jersey town. They are re¬
peated here — to-day the prices are higher than ever.

Best sirloin steak . 28 to 30 vents per pound.

enderloin steak . 24 to 2(5 cents per pound.

Beef ribs . 18 to 22 cents per pound.

Round . 1(5 to IS cents per pound.

Leg of lamb . 22 to 24 cents per pound.

Forequarter of lamb . 18 to 20 cents per pound.

l oin of pork . 1(5 to 18 cents per pound.

Bacon . 18 cents per pound.

Now what does the man who is paid $4.50 per hundred
for i.ve cattle think about such retail prices. Can he
blame the eastern buyer for cutting out part of his
meat bill? How is a man with a moderate income to
buy needed meat at such figures? The majority of
American workmen have been brought up on the theory
that high prices for goods are not entirely bad, because
the money goes to producers, and thus gets back into
circulation to make more work. In the case of this
meat we may well stop and ask — who gets the money?
The stock feeders evidently get little of it. We know
that local butchers who cut up the meat work on a small
margin. From the time the stock is bought until the
carcass is delivered to the local dealer practically all
the handling is done by the packers. Do not blame
eastern peope for refusing to pay extortionate charges
for meat. The trouble lies with the middlemen, who
are enabled through a monopoly to buy at the lowest
figure and sell at the highest.

THE FACTS ABOUT GINSENG .

For the past two years The R. N.-Y. has given the
facts about ginseng cultivation. These facts may be
briefly stated as follows : 1. It is possible to grow

ginseng in cultivation. For years this was thought to
be impossible, but we know the plant can be grown in
gardens, because we have seen it growing. 2. While
cultivation is possible it is by no means easy. Take 10
expert gardeners who grow vegetables successfully, and
we doubt if two of them can make even a fair success
with ginseng. 3. Even if one succeeded in growing
ginseng there is now practically no market for the root.
We have stated these facts with variations, and have
been challenged to prove them. The challenge comes
from those who have seeds and young plants for sale.
In answer to this challenge we print the letters on page
509. These are from dealers in ginseng. If there is
any higher authority on the subject — where is it to be
found ?

Another challenge comes from the experiment stations
which have helped “boom” the ginseng business. Here
are the statements :

Mow do you account for the following explicit reports?

“The price paid for first-rate cultivated roots is better
than that realized by most collectors of the wild ginseng.” —
II. Carman, Bulletin 78, Kentucky Experiment Station, 1898.

“The roots of cultivated plants are usually larger and
more uniform than those from the wild, and will bring from
50 cents to $1 more per pound." — W. M. Munson, Bulletin
95, Maine Experiment Station, 1903.

“Price offered (by exporting, house) was : 5 1-16 pounds
cultivated root at $8.50 per pound ($43.03) ; 13-16 pound
native root at $6 per pound ($4.87). This offer was ac¬
cepted and the price was paid." — George C. Butz, Bulletin
(52, Pennsylvania Experiment Station, 1903.

Are these gentlemen absolutely in error? To settle the
matter kindly give the facts on which you base your con¬
clusions.

Our authority is found in the notes from dealers above
referred to. Prof. Garman of Kentucky writes us that
cultivators tell him that the price of cultivated root
has been cut down. He assumes that it is “merely a
scheme to cut prices.” Prof. Munson writes that he
has no further information to give. Prof. Butz writes
that he has had testimony that the Chinese will not buy
the cultivated root. He thinks the price will rise again.
He would now discourage planting at the present time,
but thinks those who have roots growing should hold
them for a rise. The statements made in these bulletins
were correct at the time, but they did not take into
consideration the fact that the Chinese make distinction
between wild and cultivated plants. We understand that
the Chinese and the Koreans are cultivating ginseng.
If this is the case they will be likely to supply all that
is needed. We have no desire to injure any legitimate
business, but ginseng culture has been “boomed” in such
an extravagant way that the cold facts ought to be
known. The retired ministers and poor widows who
invested their savings in seeds of ginseng — expecting a
competence for old age — are to-day objects for pity.
Without meaning to do so the Government bulletins
have led them astray. It seems to us that even if the
Chinese decide to buy the cultivated root there will be
so much of it dumped upon the limited market that it
can hardly be given away.

BREVITIES .

A good article on colt raising — first page.

The dentist’s operation covers many achers.

Many servants could stand a good uncivil service examina¬
tion.

As we write the hot weather has really started. Good
for the corn.

Throughout central New Jersey at this time the lmyfields
plainly show the Alsike clover.

The New York State Supreme Court decides that a married
woman who works outside of her family may sue in her own
name for wages unpaid.

The Rhode Island Agricultural College has adopted the
excellent western plan of holding a farmer’s field day and
basket picnic on the college grounds.

Oregon hop growers are combining to control the sale of
their crops. If they can hold together they can save two
to four cents a pound on commissions.

We notice a good many Twice-stabbed ladybirds wander¬
ing over trees this season. They are welcome, for they are
credited with devouring scale as a hungry man eats oysters.

The latest news is that Chicago grand juries are likely to
indict some of the beef packers for conspiracy, violation of
anti-trust laws and other crimes. This is like putting car¬
bolic acid into Commissioner Garfield’s whitewash.

The following note from Adams Co., Penn., calls for
reports: “ What has become of our old friend the Potato
beetle? Diligent search over half an acre of potatoes did
not reveal a single one. My immediate neighbors report the
same.”

It is stated that colored oleo is sold for use in the navy
yard near Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. Warren, the Pennsylvania
Dairy Commissioner, has brought the matter before’ Presi¬
dent Roosevelt. As a butter-in for honest butter Dr. Warren
is a success.

Why do so few strawberry growers reach the great suc¬
cess of men like Mr. Hunt? One reason is that most people
will hoe and weed once, fewer twice, still fewer three times,
while most will quit at four times. A very small per cent
will stay by the job patiently enough to hoe 10 times.

1905.

5o9

T

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.— Petitions are to be circulated at Los An¬
geles, Cal., asking the City Council to pass an ordinance
granting a monopoly of the saloon business to a “benevolent
corporation,” which seeks to regulate the liquor traffic along
the lines made famous in Gothenburg. Half a million dol¬
lars has been subscribed for the company, whose purposes
are : Reducing the saloons from 200 to 75 ; replacing all
in the residence districts with coffee clubs; guaranteeing the
city .$186,000 a year; limiting corporation's profits to six
per cent ; selling only beer and light wines in mill districts ;
expending all profits above $210,000 a year for public im¬
provements; paying saloonkeepers for fixtures and good will ;
drastic regulations for operations of the saloons. . . .

The cattle interests of Texas will suffer the greatest blow in
their history when 6,000,000 acres of public land are placed
on the market September 15. These lands have been under
lease to cattlemen for many years. It is announced by the
State Land Commissioner that land will be sold to actual
settlers in tracts of from one to eight sections. The price
is .$1 an acre, payable in 40 annual installments, with three
per cent interest. Each purchaser must live upon the land
for three years to acquire title. After the sale of this land
the State will still own 12,000,000 acres, which is under
lease to cattlemen. . . . The names of officials of at

least five Chicago packing firms were presented to the Fed¬
eral Grand Jury June 16 by District Attorney C. B. Morri¬
son for indictment. From a dozen to 40 indictments are
generally expected. The charges are conspiracy, violation of
the anti-trust laws, perjury, subornation of perjury, and
intimidation of witnesses. The accused men make charges
of their own, asserting that the homes of some of them have
been robbed by Secret Service men in search of evidence. A
serious conflict has developed among the packers themselves,
because of alleged treachery. The Government officials are
said to count on producing testimony not obtainable except
by some one turning “State’s evidence.” ... A fraud
order was issued June 16 by the Post Office Department
against a man who has been doing business under the names

of N. I. Boeekelmann, B. Boeckelmann. K. Boeckelmann, B.

D. Boeckelmann, A. F. Boeckelmann. H. L. Boeckelmann, S.

T. Boeckelmann, S. 1’. Boeckelmann, I’. S. Boeckelmann, F.

Boeekelmann, I. Boeckelmann. C. S. Boeckelmann, II. M.
Boeckelmann, and II. O. Boeckelmann, at 28, 40. 42 and 60
Cornelia Street and 21 and 255 Bleecker Street, New York,
'l’he man is reallv a grocer named Charles Boeckelmann.
He published advertisements stating that he wished to in¬
troduce a kind of blueing, and to do so he would give to
anybody who sold 10 packages of it at 10 cents each “a
handsome chatelaine and pendant simulating a $20 gold
watch, guaranteed for twenty years.” The victim, of course,
was to send him the $1 secured by the sale of the blueing.
The Post Office Department investigated and a report said
Boeckelmann's “handsome chatelaine and pendant ’ was a
“small tin trinket of no value whatever.” Boeckelmann
made no attempt to defend the character of this transaction,
but employed a lawyer to see that the department should not
extend its fraud order to his grocery business. . . . The

first anniversary of the Slocum disaster was passed June 15.
In it 1,031 persons lost their lives in the burning and sink¬
ing of the excursion steamer, Gen. Slocum, in the East
River Two hundred and sixty-six persons were injured in
the worst marine disaster that has ever occurred in New
York waters. No one has been punished for the criminal
negligence which made the disaster possible. Official investi¬
gation disclosed that the cause was a gross lack of proper
life-saving appliances on the boat, and for this one man,
Ilenry Lundberg, probationary assistant local inspector, who
passed on the life-saving appliance apparatus on the steamer,
was on trial three times, but each time the Federal jury
disagreed. Seven other men, including the inspectors of life¬
saving devices, the master and nominal owners of the craft,
have been indicted, but because of the failure to convict
Lundberg, they will probably never be brought to trial.

. .A head-on collision on the Western Maryland Railroad
June 17 resulted in the killing of 23 and tfie serious injury
of from 15 to 20 persons. fl’lie accident occurred about six
miles east of Westminster, Md. . . . The case of the
F. R. Patch Manufacturing Company against Pain Lodge,
International Order of Machinists, of Rutland, Vt., tried at
the March, 1003, term of the Rutland County Court, is again
being brought to the front. The attorneys for the company
have trusteed the wages of 23 members of the lodge and
attached their goods, chattels and estates to the amount of
$5,000 to satisfy a judgment of $2,500 awarded to the
company by the County Court, together with the costs and
interest, amounting to about $3,000. The company sued
to recover damages for injuries done to its business by
boycotting and picketing in the strike of 1902. The Supreme
Court affirmed the decision of the lower court. Execution
was issued against the union on May 24 last and was re¬
turned unsatisfied on June 12. This method of collecting
damages from strikers is unprecedented in Vermont. . . .

The list of fatalities due to labor troubles since the begin¬
ning of the Chicago strike, furnished by the Coroner to the
State Attorney, as a basis for manslaughter indictments, in¬
cludes the names of 16 persons. Rioting that brought death
in its wake broke out again June 17. Two men were killed
and a man and boy badly wounded. Armed with a hand¬
ful of canceled checks to show how labor leaders were
bought and the interests of union men betrayed, John C.
Driscoll appeared before the Chicago Grand Jury for the
second time June 19. Driscoll declared that he had “set¬
tled” nearly 400 strikes and expended almost $50,000 in the
operation. ‘ lie showed the checks and gave the jury detailed
information regarding each check and what the money was
paid for. Over one hundred canceled checks and stubs were
shown, ranging in amounts from $10 to $500, and the
signatures of men prominent in the ranks of union labor
were shown on the checks. Driscoll explained that the
money he spent was furnished by employers. . . . Six

members of the last Arkansas General Assembly, including
the President of the Senate, are under indictment on charges
of bribery, perjury and conspiracy, and it is believed that
at least as many more indictments are yet to come. With
the arrest of these legislators and the prospect of other in¬
dictments have come charges that the last General Assembly
as a whole was rotten with corruption. It is charged that
more than $100,000 was disbursed as a corruption fund in
the Senate alone, and that a sum almost as large was put
into the House. . . . The Canadian Chinese Empire Re¬

form Association, the British Columbia Chinese Merchants’
Guild and the British Columbia Chinese board of trade met
at Vancouver, B. C.. June 19, and indorsed the propaganda
of the Canton and Shanghai merchants proposing to boycott
the United States for the Chinese immigration restriction.
They also indorsed the plan outlined to start flour mills in
British Columbia with Chinese capital and under Chinese
control to supply the Chinese markets. Other manufactures
run by cheap Chinese labor in British Columbia are spoken
of.

ADMINISTRATION. — Herbert W. Bowen, of New York,
United States Minister to Venezuela, was dismissed June 20
from that office and from the diplomatic service of the
United Slates by order of President Roosevelt for having
preferred charges against Assistant Secretary of State Fran¬
cis B. Loomis, which Secretary Taft reported to the Presi¬
dent were false, and for having instigated attacks in the
newspaper press upon the character of Mr. Loomis. Secre¬
tary Taft, to whom the President entrusted the duty of in¬
vestigating Mr. Bowen’s charges against Mr. Loomis and
Mr. Loomis’s counter charges against Mr. Bowen, exoner¬
ated Mr. Loomis as far as the allegations affecting his integ¬
rity were concerned, but admonished that official for his
personal participation in business affairs in Venezuela while
serving as the United States Minister to that Government.
The President has intended all along that if Mr. Loomis
were vindicated he should be promoted in the Government
service and the understanding was that he. would be sent to
Mexico as Ambassador or to Japan as Minister. Whether,
in view of Secretary Taft’s opinion that Mr. Loomis had
taken part in business transactions while Minister to Vene¬
zuela which were likely to give rise to comment reflecting
upon the Government, the President will feel that Mr.
Loomis is entitled to a promotion in order to emphasize his
'•indication, has not been disclosed, but it is believed that
Mr. Loomis will be appointed to another position, which will
be in the nature of a compliment. . . . According to Mr.

Lock Wing, the Chinese Vice-Consul in New York, the
boycott against American goods started some weeks ago by
tile Canton Commercial League has spread through 17 of
the 19 provinces of China. Unless the oppressive treatment

HE RURAL NEW-YORKER

meted out by customs officials to Chinese of the better class
while entering American ports is abated, Mr. Wing thinks the
boycott will soon be established hard and fast throughout the
empire, with a consequently large damage to American trade.

CUBA. — Gen. Maximo Gomez died at Havana June 17,
aged 82. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban Army
during the war for liberty, and was called the Cuban Na¬
poleon. He began the fight for freedom in 1868; in 1878 he
was proscribed and fled to Jamaica and lived a farmer’s life
there until the recrudescence of the rebellion in 1895 under
Jose Marti. He landed in Cuba on April 14, 1895, was
hailed by the Cubans with wild enthusiasm and was made
commander-in-chief. His ability and energy and his genius
for accomplishing results without fighting pitched battles
spread the revolution until the whole island was involved.
When the General passed away his wife and six children,
President Palma, the Secretary of the Government and
some others were present. The Senate passed a bill to
present $190,000 to the General, and a check for that
amount was delivered the day of his death by the Secretary
of Finance to a son of the General.

RUSSIA- JAPAN. — -Washington has been determined upon
as the meeting place of the Russian and Japanese pleni¬
potentiaries entrusted with the momentous duty of negoti¬
ating a treaty of peace. The selection of this capital was
the logical outcome of Japan's objection to Europe and Rus¬
sia’s objection to any place in the Far East. It is thought
that the plenipotentiaries will not get to work before the
middle of August. While the treaty of peace will be signed
in Washington, it is quite probable that the actual negotia¬
tions will take place at some cool Summer resort on the
Atlantic coast. The original objection of the belligerents
to this city was that the Summer here is usually very hot
and enervating, and it was regarded as too much of a hard¬
ship to impose upon the elderly men who will compose the
joint commission to have them perform their exceedingly
onerous duties in such a climate.

CROP PROSPECTS.

Acreage of potatoes somewhat larger this year ; apple
prospects only fair crop in this section on account of contin¬
ued cold, wet weather. Cherry crop a failure ; peach crop
equal to last year : plums shy ; berries big crop ; a big hay
crop about ready to cut. Peas for factory not extra ; corn
and grain in nice shape. c. a. b.

Mears, Mich.

In regard to the fruit prospects in this locality, the Indi¬
cations at present are that there will be a good crop of
peaches, probably fully equal to that of last year. Apples do
not promise so well, and the crop will come short of last
season’s yield. Pears, too, will not be equal to last year s
crop. Small fruits promise unusually well, and straw¬
berries are unusually plentiful and cheap. Cherries are a
fair yield. As to general farm crops, corn is backward,
owing to continued cool weather. Ilay and grain are prom¬
ising. E< B- E-

Harrisburg, Pa.

It is very wet here, rains nearly every day, and is very
warm, so that everything is growing rapidly, even the weeds
but much corn is not yet planted, and ground is so wet it
cannot be fitted. We had a fine Spring for seeding, and all
sown Spring grain, unless the land is too wet, is looking
fine; hay and wheat promise the best yield in many years.
Prospect for fruit not half as good as two weeks since.
Dropping and fungus spreading fast, and so much rain spray-
in# does not seem to do much good. If you could have half
the rain we are getting those parched New Jersey fields
would be better, and so would we. J. s. woodward.

Niagara Co., N. Y,

Fruit prospects are not very encouraging in this (north
central) part of Ohio. Apples are very scattering except on
some varieties that did not bear last year. Very few Euro¬
pean plums where they bore so heavily last year. Good
prospect for plums of our native varieties, which are prov¬
ing very dependable. Peaches promise a light crop, but are
better than last vear, at the station. Cherries a fair crop
of very good quality. Strawberries injured by dark, rainy
weather during their blossoming season, by frosts, and later
by continued rains, making the fruit quite soft and watery.
Bush fruits promising. F. H. ballou.

Ohio Exp. Station.

The past week has been almost perfect corn weather, and
corn being backward needed it very much. Pastures are the
best I ever saw them through this section, and meadows
as a rule are better than last year. Cherries and straw¬
berries are plentiful and cheap, and the birds have hardly
touched them. I wonder if it is not because the 17-year
locusts are plentiful now, and the birds prefer them to sour
fruit? I’m afraid I covered my rose bush too deeply last
Fall when I banked the cellar, as it failed to start this
Spring. A green worm similar to the Currant worm worked
on the rose bushes and sucked the green pulp from the leaf,
leaving the skeleton. N. s.

Elmoville, Ill.

It is a little earlv to predict fruit results. In general,
however. I should say that the bloom was rather below that
of last year. Many orchards which bore heavily last season
were weakened arid suffered severely during the Winter.
In Kennebec County the Baldwins suffered more than at
any other time for 25 years. Tolmans and Gravensteins, so
far as I have observed them, promise a fair crop this year.
In the immediate vicinity of the Experiment Station there
will be more fruit than last year. In eastern Maine the
outlook for hay is excellent. In the western part of the
State, however, there has been less rain, and the prospect
is not so good. It is too early to predict as to the stand of
corn and potatoes. It is perhaps difficult for you to realize
that very little corn is planted before May 25. and many
growers of sweet corn do not plant, till about June 10.
Maine Exp. Station. w. m. munson.

PROSPECTS FOR CULTIVATED GINSENG .

Exporters Will Not Buy It.

rfhe exporters will not buy the cultivated root if they know
it. The cultivated root has been offered at $4 per pound,
and no buyer could be found. At present there is no de¬
mand for either cultivated or wild. We are told that the
Chinese are using their money for army supplies. We do
not know whv the cultivated root is not in demand. We
think the root is too heavy for the size.

New York. peek & vei.sor.

No Steady Demand.

As to cultivated ginseng, we beg to advise that the reason
there is no steady demand for this root is because the Chi¬
nese consider three pounds of the cultivated to be equiva¬
lent to one pound of wild root, or in other words, cultivated
ginseng is worth $4.50 per pound, while its equivalent, or
wild root, at their ratio, would be $14 per pound if the wild
root was the same size as the cultivated. They also tell us
that, the cultivated ginseng has not the strength of the wild
root. We believe in time that there will be a very good
market for cultivated ginseng, as the supply of wild ginseng
is becoming very scarce, but it may take a few years.

New York. t. w. adams & co.

Prejudice Against the Cultivated Roof.

Ginseng is at present in a very doubtful and unsettled
position. Two years ago. when it was first marketed, it
was worth from $12 to $14 per pound — that is, choice stock.
To-day the same root, is worth $4 per pound. The decline
is due to the fact that the Chinese have taken a prejudice
against it, claiming it does not possess the virtues of the
wild root. Whether or not they are justified in making this
assertion, no one knows: but as they are the only consumers,
we must abide by their decision. At a price for which cul¬
tivated stock cari be sold to-day growers should find its pro¬
duction profitable. But they have been expecting too much.
Instead of looking upon the growing of ginseng as a busi¬
ness venture promising fair returns, they have come to look
upon it as the short cut to wealth and riches — a sort of a
private gold mine conveniently placed in their backyards.
This is not due to the growers, but to the extravagant and
foolish claims made by the parties having seeds and plants
for sale. Some of these parties who have been so anxious
to see their fellowmen get wealthy have been selling them
Japanese ginseng seeds. Japanese ginseng, as you are prob¬
ably aware, Is worth from 25 cents to 40 cents per pound,

and the seeds in proportion. When some of this cultivated
Jap root is brought to market, the consequences may pos¬
sibly be very serious on the whole ginseng business, as it will
shake the confidence of the Chinese buyers, who are a very
suspicious people under any conditions. It is our opinion
that cultivated ginseng is going to bring a fair price — not as
much as the wild root, for which there is always a good
demand, but enough to show a profit to the grower if he
produces fair results without too great an outlay. We are
ready to buy the output or part of it at any time, pro¬
vided the growers are willing to accept what it is worth.
The whole situation rests upon the question as to whether
the producer is willing to accept a fair return for his in¬
vestment and labor, the same as in any other business, or
whether he will insist on getting rich quick. If the former
we think he will be satisfied — if the latter, he is going to
be disappointed. wa. eisenhauer & co.

New York.

Will Not Receive Cultivated Ginseng.

We do not know whv the Chinese refuse to buy the cul¬
tivated root. They will only buy wild ginseng, but will not
even look at the cultivated, and as they are the only con¬
sumers of ginseng they naturally control prices and qual¬
ity they prefer. The following note, written by our Mr.
Lowell Lamb to different trade journals, gives an idea of
present trade conditions : “We are at the beginning of a
critical season in the ginseng business, and we want to give
all shippers fair warning that if they persist in shipping
cultivated root, which grows in certain parts of the United
States from both American and Japanese wild ginseng seeds,
the ginseng market will be spoiled. The Chinese will quit
buying American ginseng unless we can give them the same
wild ginseng that we have had in former years. We want
wild ginseng, and will pay top market prices for it, but
we will not receive nor handle ginseng that is mixed with
cultivated root, except at its actual value.”

New York. lowell lamb & co.

Sold at a Loss.

Cultivated ginseng is not wanted by the buyers here.
The wild root, which is worth $6.50 per pound to-day, they
claim is sweet, while the cultivated is bitter and they add
that the cultivated is forced too much, that it grows too
quickly and has not the virtue of the wild, which is growing
for years. It would take, say 25 years for a good-sized
wild root to be equal in size and weight to a five-year-old
cultivated one. Most of those that are pushing the cul¬
ture want to sell seed and plants, that is. to give their good
thing away. There is a limited : ale for the cultivated root,
while the wild sells on arrival, as almost any fur house will
purchase it, besides those who make a business of it. We
undertand there are large quantities of the cultivated root
on the market to-day, which they cannot move. We had a
box of the cultivated stock some time back on which we got
an offer from a buyer here, before it was shipped to us, and
when it arrived he had business somewhere else, and as no
one would touch it (25 pounds in the lot) we sold it, returned
what we agreed to, and lost $5. w. H. cohen & co.

New York.

A Fair Business Statement.

In the Fall of 1903 the average price of wild ginseng per
pound dried, was about. $6.50. At the same time the cul¬
tivated came to market with glorious results, beginning at
$8 and reaching the enormous price of $14 per pound for
some XX nice goods. The average price was about $5 per
pound more than the wild. This collection of cultivated
went into the sales at Hong Kong in February, 1904, to¬
gether with a fair average quantity of wild root, results of
which were very unsatisfactory ; although only a limited
quantity of culti'vated. yet it was enough at so high a price
to cause somewhat of a reaction in the cultivated ginseng
market, contrary to its favor. The results were not suffi¬
cient to stop the buying of cultivated root at the early begin¬
ning of the season, or Fall of 1904. But word soon came to
the Chinese merchants in this country (who are almost the
sole buyers, who export the root, to their native country)
that the medical properties of the cultivated root were not
up to the standard with the wild, and the price came
tumbling down by degrees until now the Chinese refuse to
buy cultivated at all. The wild root started to advance,
and prices were higher the past season for wild root than
any previous date. Even the southern root sold within 75
cents of the best northern root. The Chinese are very
superstitious, and when once set against a thing it is very
hard to change their minds. My honest opinion as to the
future of cultivated root depends largely on the extermina¬
tion of the wild, and when the wild is practically gone I
think thev will be obliged to use the cultivated. The
medical properties of the cultivated are just as good, or
practically the same as wild, but the Chinese are the sole
buyers you might say. and when they are set against a
thing it is hard to teach them or persuade them to do other¬
wise. I am cultivating ginseng, and I expect to do so in a
small way only. I honestly believe that the time will soon
come when the cultivated root will have to be depended upon
to supply the demand when the wild cannot be had. As the
high price of the wild root is causing it. to be eagerly sought
after both Spring and Fall or during the whole season when
it can be found with top on. it is not allowed to seed
much and so must eventually be destroyed entirely or nearly
so. The cultivated root at present is hurting the wild in a
way that should not occur, but such is the case. I.ots of
wild root that resembles the cultivated the Chinese say am
cultivated and refuse to buy. A small amount of cultivated
can be sold for the wild where it resembles the wild. I
would advise all ginseng growers not to dig a pound of root
another season, and also those who are not in the business,
unless plenty of capital, to stay out until things are in far
better shape than at present. I have seed to sell but would
advise no one to buy on anv advice of my own. but entirely
at his own risk. ‘The only objection the Chinese have
against the cultivated root is therefore the claim that the
medical property is not as good as the wild, and will no
doubt refuse to buy as long as the wild can be had even at
$10 per pound. Lemuel black.

New Jersey. _

GERMAN POTATO CULTURE. — Potatoes as a rule are
planted after the ground is put in good condition ; plenty
of stable manure is spread over the ground, then the ground
is plowed, not too deep, the manure is raked clean in every
second plowed furrow, and the potatoes are planted on the
manure in the furrow six to eight inches apart. To keep
a team with the plow going it takes two men raking in
manure and two men planting the potatoes : lands 200 to
300 vards long. Row must be far enough apart, so that
the young crop can be twice cultivated with one horse be¬
tween rows. The potato crop is gathered by plowing them
out every second furrow, throwing out potatoes; it takes
about 12 to 16 hands picking and sacking to keep the team
going plowing. But still there are some larger farmers who
are not satisfied with this way of potato gathering; they
want machinery to harvest the potato crop. J. s.

Hanover, Germany.

FRUIT PROSPECTS TN MASSACHUSETTS.— As a whole
the fruit crop in this State promises to be above the aver¬
age in quantity and of good quality. Apple trees bloomed
abundantly, but a comparatively few fruits set in many
cases. What remain will, however, be larger, and if the
Codling moth is not abundant will be of very fine quality.
Pears showed a small bloom, but have set a fair crop, so that
little thinning out will be needed. Plums and cherries
bloomed abundantly, and will produce more than an aver¬
age crop. I think there were never so many peaches set as
this season, but the trees generally have not been given the
usual care, and unless the fruit is thinned heroically much
poor fruit will be put upon the market that will Injure the
reputation of home fruit. Many of the peaches, plums and
cherries are stung by the Plum curculio. Blackberries ap¬
peared verv much injured by cold when Spring growth began,
but have improved so that a heavy crop will be produced.
Red raspberries, except where covered, were badly winter¬
killed and will produce only a small crop. Blackcaps are
not grown for market to any extent, and very little in the
home garden. Currants have set well. Strawberries are
very late, very few ripening before June 20. The crop will
be large, now that we have had an abundance of rain, but
owing to the lateness of the season and our markets having
been so abundantly supplied from New Jersey and the Hud¬
son River, prices are likely to rule low. s. T. maynard.

Worcester Co., Mass.

5io

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July i,

• ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 1 '^T'W WWWW'T 'TWW

l Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

THE HOLLY TREE.

O reader ! Hast thou ever stood to see
The holly tree?

The eye that contemplates it well perceives
Its glossy leaves

Ordered by an Intelligence so wise
As might confound the atheist's sophistries.

Below, a circling fence, its leaves are seen
Wrinkled and keen ;

No grazing cattle through their prickly round
Can reach to wound ;

But as they grow where nothing is to fear.
Smooth and unarmed the pointless leaves
appear.

— Robert Southey (1774-1843).

♦

Mint lemonade will be found very re¬
freshing on a warm day. Make a strong
lemonade (four lemons to one quart of
water) ; add one cupful of cold tea, a
few sprigs of fresh mint, a dash of red
pepper, and sugar to taste. Pour over
cracked ice.

*

Coffee chocolate cake has a pleasant
combination, flavor. Cream one cup of
sugar and half a cup of butter; add the
yolks of four eggs and half a cup of
strong cold coffee. Sift in 1)4 cup of
flour with two teaspoonfuls of baking
powder. Lastly stir in 1)4 square of
melted chocolate. Bake in a loaf and ice
with white frosting.

*

A New York woman is bringing suit
against a manufacturer of porous plasters
because one of these plasters proved so
exceedingly clinging in its disposition that
it refused to part from her without remov¬
ing several layers of skin, with the pos¬
sibility of a permanent scar. As a rule,
however, even the most determined plaster
can be removed by sponging over it thor¬
oughly with alcohol.

*

When school vacation comes the
children will feel that they have earned
a rest, but unlimited leisure soon palls,
and some interests apart from daily duties
will be enjoyed. It is a good time for
the girls to start making Christmas pres¬
ents; there are many useful and orna¬
mental forms of sewing that become rec¬
reation rather than toil when the work is
done out under the trees. Plan the work
in good time, see that needed materials
are at hand, and a surprising amount of
work can be done, with little extra ex¬
penditure of energy.

*

A quaint little string holder recently
seen came from the South, but it can be
made wherever cocoanuts are obtainable.
A cocoanut has a slice sawed off at the
opposite end from the three “eyes.” and
the meat is removed. It is then dressed
to form an old lady’s head, being covered
with a frilled cap of white crape paper.
One of the “eyes” is pierced to make a
mouth from which the string issues; the
two eyes above are each given a more
life-like apearance by a round piece of
white sticking plaster, having a black dot
marked in the center for iris and pupil.
The ball of string is put in before the
cap is pasted on, the end of the string
being drawn out through the mouth.

*

Concerning the matter of bashfulness,
discussed by Prudence Primrose, one
reader offers two cures for that condition.
One is to become secretary of some so¬
ciety, the other to acquire the office of
assistant superintendent in a large Sun¬
day school, where the superintendent be¬
lieves in “breaking in” his aids. Any
case of excessive shyness that survives
these duties can only be cured by active
experience as a book agent. There is no
doubt that the Grange is an active agency
in giving confidence and ease of manner
too, but after all perhaps the best advice

is to cultivate a sympathetic interest in
other people that will gradually produce
an unconsciousness of self.

Canning Vegetables.

We would like you to publish in your col¬
umn a recipe for canning peas and corn.

J. M.

This inquirer did not give his address
or we would have sent him the recipe to
avoid delay. We are glad to publish this
again, however, as there are always new
readers who have not read it before.

To can peas, fill the jars full of the
peas, uncooked ; then fill with cold water,
and lay on the tops. Place straw or
boards in the bottom of the wash boiler,
stand the jars on this, and pour enough
cold water in the boiler to come half way
up the jars. Put the boiler on the stove
with the lid tightly closed and boil three
hours. When the jars are taken out see
that they are full to overflowing and
screw the lid on tight. Another method
of preparing peas is to cook five minutes
in very little water then fill the cans and
place them in the boiler to cook for one
hour. A teaspoonful of salt is added the.
last thing before sealing. String beans
are cut in lengths, cooked with little water
for 10 minutes, then put in the cans and
boiled for two hours. I11 each case be
sure the can is full to overflowing before
sealing; if not fill it up with boiling water.

For canned corn cut the kernels off
the cob with a sharp knife, scraping out
the pulp. Fill into the can a little at a
time, pressing it down firmly until the
milk overflows the can. Add a teaspoon¬
ful of salt. When all are filled place the
cans in a boiler and cook half an hour
with the covers laid loosely on. Remove
from the fire and seal, then cook two
hours longer. The preliminary cooking
permits the corn to swell without endan¬
gering the cans, which may burst if tight¬
ly sealed from the first. Succotash is
canned by first half-filling the cans with
green Lima beans, then filling the remain¬
der of the can with corn, pressed down
firmly. Add a teaspoonful of salt to each
can, and cook like corn.

We never have any trouble with our
canned tomatoes, and the process is very
simple. Scald to remove the skins, put
in the jars whole or halved, fill up with
cold water; stand the jars in the wash
boiler, boil 30 minutes, and seal. Do not
use any over-ripe or fermenting fruit. The
main things to observe in canning vege¬
tables are that the jars are filled to over¬
flowing; that they are hermetically sealed,
while hot, and that they are stored in a
cool, dry place. Vegetables, like fruits,
should be taken in their regular order and
canned while in the best possible condi¬
tion. _

A Bachelor’s Cosy.

This description is for a new-fash¬
ioned cosy that is made to slip over the
teapot. An opening is left on each side,
through which the spout and handle pro¬
ject. The materials required are two
ounces of double Berlin wool, 1)4 ounce of
single (as it is knitted with an outer part
and an inner lining), 1)4 yard of ribbon;
No. 4 needles for double Berlin and No.
6 for single. Cast on 42 stitches with
double Berlin wool. Now knit what is
called the brioche stitch ; that is, bring
the wool forward over the needle, slip
one, knit two together; bring the wool
forward, slip one, knit two together. Keep
on doing this until half the wool is used;
cast off the stitches and do another piece
just the same for the other side.

With the single Berlin wool cast on
52 stitches, and knit in plain knitting two
pieces one inch longer than those knitted
brioche stitch. Sew them neatly together,
leaving spaces at each side for the handle
and spout of the teapot. Slip one over
the other, leaving the extra inch of plain

knitting at the top, round which crochet
an edge in knitting silk. Gather up the
top of the cosy, tie the ribbon round in a
bow and secure it by a few hidden stitches.
In choosing the wools let them be of dif¬
ferent colors— chocolate-brown lined with
orange, or dark crimson lined with pink
make pretty contrasts. The tea cosy is not
common among Americans, but it is such
a domestic comfort in keeping the tea
hot during a meal that it ought to find
more favor, here. There is no nicer piece
of work to take up when a friend comes
in than a piece of knitting, for when one

6051 Loose Plaited Coat, 32 to 40 bust.

becomes expert it does not require much
looking at. My stepmother could knit
and read at the same time, by propping the
book up on the table before her. I have
now in use a bedspread that she knitted
more than 20 years ago that is very hand¬
some and still in good condition.

ISABELLA ADA GLASSE.

The Rural Patterns.

A loose coat often forms a very con¬
venient garment and No. 5051 is a com¬
fortable and convenient style, either in
silk or woolen material. The coat is made
with fronts and back that are laid in
plaits, pressed to position and stitched
into place with corticelli silk for a portion
of their length. The neck is finished
with a roll-over collar and the sleeves are
shirred at their lower edges and com¬
pleted by flare cuffs. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
6)4 yards 21. 5)4 yards 27 or 3 yards 44
inches wide with ~->l/2 yards of banding,
)4 yards of silk for frills and fourteen
lace motifs to trim as illustrated. The
pattern 5051 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36.
38 and 40 inch bust measure ; price 10
cents from this office.

The skirt shown in No. 5052 is excellent
for invalid wear. The box plaits with
inverted plaits between at the front and
the box plaits at the back give just the
long lines that are necessary to an effect
of height, while the shirrings provide
soft fullness and are arranged over elastic,
so allowing of regulating the size. The
skirt is cut in seven gores and is laid in
inverted plaits at the centre front, which
are stitched for a portion of their depth

and pressed into position below, and in
box plaits that conceal the front and back
seams while there are tucks at the sides
which provide becoming fullness below the
stitchings. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 8)4 yards
27, 5 yards 44 or 4)4 yards 52 inches wide
when material has figure or nap. 7 yards
27. 4 yards 44, 3 yards 52, when it has not.
The pattern 5052 is cut in sizes for a 24,
26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 inch waist measure;
price 10 cents.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N'.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Banking’ by Mail
4 per cent interest

When hard-headed conservative busi¬
ness men send money by mail clear across
the continent and even from the Philip¬
pines, Hawaii and Japan, for deposit in
this bank there must be convincing rea¬
sons for it. As a matter of fact, we are
getting accounts from these far-off places
almost daily.

Our booklet H describes our methods
and management; and explains the ad¬
vantage of our simple banking by mail
system. Write for the booklet H to-day.

Assets twenty-six million dollars.
49,000 depositors. Small accounts
welcome. Zb e

Cleveland
{Trust Company

CLEVELAND OHIO

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . $2.50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Dwyer's Guide to Hardy Fruits mid Ornamentals, .50

Horticulturist's Rule Book. Bailey . 75

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New York.

Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

Eastern

Tel. M tg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

THE HESSLER

rural Mail Box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big protits for
agents. We want
an ugeut in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
and a small price

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

Don’t be discouraged
Try Pratts Heave Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

READY-MADE WIRE FENCE

All large, strong wires: 49-ineh, 28e per rod:
45-inch, 25 cents per rod; UG- inch. 20 cents per
A rod, in 10, 20 or 40-rod rolls. Orders filled
A promptly; quality guaranteed. Circulars and
W samples free.

• CASE BROTHERS, Colchester, Conn

INDRURO ID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating- or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong- and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac ically Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sanp 'es. prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

PISO’S CURE FOR

ui

N>

h

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Ol

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

0

ID

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

H

(M

C/>

CONSUMPTION

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

t;

o

1 1

Cocoatiut Fat for Cooking.

The talk about cotton-seed oil, on page
462, prompts me to call the atention of
housekeepers to cocoanut fat as a substi¬
tute for lard and cooking butter. The
pure, refined cocoanut fat is put up and
sold by the trade name of “Ko-Nut.” I
have used it for 10 years, and it has
always given entire satisfaction. It is of
the same consistency as lard, hard when
cool, liquid when hot. For frying and
shortening it excels every material I have
ever used. As a substitute for pork in
baked beans it is a grand success. People
who cannot digest cabbage boiled with
pork, find no difficulty digesting cabbage
boiled with “Ko-Nut.” It will keep for
years, and never gets rancid. Those who
are not using “Ko-Nut” are missing one
of the finest products ever put on the
market. It is a lift toward abolishing
hog-pens and slaughter-houses.

_ J. A. WILSON.

Home Dressmaking Hints.

If one has several shirtwaists to make
for the same person, it is a good plan to
make a diagram on a piece of paper and
write in the measurements, — length of
shoulder seams, distance from back of
neck binding to belt, length of sleeve and
neck, etc., these measurements to be
taken from a shirtwaist which is exactly
right. Then if one has a pattern that fits,
the waist can be made with but once try¬
ing it on, — that once to see to the setting
of the sleeve. One is inclined to think
she can remember all these little details,
but if she waits long before the next
waist is made, she is almost sure to for¬
get. so if she writes down all these little
points, she will be saved much time and
vexation of spirit.

Did you ever do your basting with a
flatiron? It works nicely on some kinds
of goods, — ginghams, percales, prints, etc.
Hems may be turned and ironed flat fully
as quickly as they can be basted, and all
the time used to pull out the threads is
saved. _ s. b. r.

A Homemade Down Quilt.

“And they’ve a down quilt for every
bed in the house.” I can remember just
how my dear old great-aunt said this of
her neighbors, the Smiths, with a shake
of her grey curls. No clearer proof to
her mind was needed of the over lux¬
uriousness and extravagance of the afore¬
said Smiths. I was younger then, and a
down quilt meant no more to me than
any other. The years that followed were
spent in steam-heated city houses, so it
was only when I returned to country life
that the desirability of a bed covering
which would combine great warmth and
lightness became apparent to me. How
well I remember those first Winter nights
on the farm ! With the thermometer
hovering near the zero mark and the
window open a wide crack, three or four
heavy blankets were necessary to keep
from freezing. The weight of them made
me long for an Arctic sleeping bag which,
after all, is the ideal bed covering so far
as comfort and simplicity go. And oh.
the bedmaking ! Truly, the woman who
wrestles for an hour every morning with
heavy quilts needs no health lift nor other
gymnastics.

The outcome of my experience was a
letter to a well-known Philadelphia firm
asking for prices on down quilts. The
answer was as follows : “Dear Madam —
Replying to your valued favor, for a quilt
6x6 feet, two pounds of down will be
required, price per pound $5. Enclosed
are samples of sateen for your selection
at 25 and 30 cents a yard ; yards will

be required. Cost of making $1.50.” As
it was out of the question to furnish the
beds with quilts at $14 each, I tucked the
letter into a pigeon hole of the desk with
a sigh, and gave up the plan.

The story would end here, had it not
been for the fondness of one member of
the family for green goose. One morn¬
ing in May, I was called out of the house
by the children to look at “Papa’s new
ducks,” and straightway I was introduced
to Madam Greywing and her consort.
For a few days, we kept the geese con¬
fined, lest they should stray away, but we
soon found that this precaution was un¬
necessary, Madam Greywing was too
familiar by far. She had been the pet of

her former owner, and expected the same
attention from us. She would come up
on the porch and gaze into the window
and squawk an indignant protest when
driven off. Once, when the screen was
carelessly left open in the evening, we
found them peacefully settled for the night
in the middle of the sitting-room carpet.
They seemed to consume as much grass
as a cow, and their relish for sweet peas
and other tidbits was appalling. My wrath
knew no bounds when, one June day, I
saw Madam placidly walking up the path
between the rose bushes. Jerk, jerk, went
the long, snaky neck. At every movement
she snapped off a tender bud and devoured
it. I vowed that a goose of such epic¬
urean tastes should be killed on the spot
and eaten. Probably all that saved her
life that day was my physical inability
to carry out my threats. Madam’s first
eggs all had soft shells, but we remedied
that, and afterwards she laid six good
ones. The nest was badly chosen, and
the rats destroyed the eggs, so our first
season amounted to nothing except some
valuable experience. The second Spring
she was more successful. Nine goslings
were hatched, of which eight came to
maturity. The gander’s devotion during
the period of incubation was touching.
He stood guard over the nest and woe to
the pig, dog or child that came too near.

When the holiday season arrived, the
dressing of the eight full-grown, young
geese fell to me. I found the task less
difficult than I had anticipated, for I
followed the advice of an old poultry man,
scalded them well in very hot water, then
dipped them for a moment into cold.
The outside feathers peeled off easily, and
then the fleecy inner coating, which was
carefully put by itself. This down was
quite unlike the short, chopped-up stuff
sold under that name in the stores. We
pronounced the nine-pound bird that
graced our table decidedly good eating,
and 1 stored away nearly a pint of clear
oil against a time of need, for I have gone
back to the remedy of our grandmothers
for ear aches, colds, etc., and find it more
effectual than many of the drugs put down
in the pharmacopoeia.

I was now the possessor of two large
sacks of down, but the making of the
quilt presented many difficulties. Luckily,
I was not forced to experiment with this
for the same Winter, a German lady
moved into the community who had made
such a coverlet. I was not long in mak¬
ing her acquaintance. The young matron
proudly displayed her handiwork, which
was a dream in pale blue and rose color,
and answered all my questions. Here
are some of the things I learned from her :
A quilt 6 x 6 feet is too small for any
but a single bed; V/2 yards long by the
same width is a better size, and for this,
three pounds of down will be required.
A spare chamber or other room having a
bare floor is the best place to undertake
the work. After joining the breaths of
sateen of the cover and lining, spread
them out, one over the other on a table
or other flat surface. The centers and
edges should lie exactly together. Draw
a series of continuous concentric circles on
the cloth with chalk or pencil, beginning
at the center and extending to the edges,
and baste the cover and lining together.
Leave an aperture in each circle large
enough to admit the hand. After basting,
they should be stitched with silk thread
and then stuffed with the down until full
and fluffy but not hard. It is best to do
but one circle at a time. When all are
filled, the edges may be finished with a
silk cord or double row of stitching. In
Germany these coverlets are often made
like a big sack or feather bed, only of
lighter weight, but most American house¬
keepers would probably prefer to confine
the feathers more closely. Very hand¬
some embroidered covers of washable ma¬
terial are sometimes slipped over them.
A day’s sunning and airing works
wonders in restoring the lightness of the
' quilt.

I have briefly outlined how not to keep
geese. When allowed their liberty, they
are sure to be a nuisance, but where a
bit of swampy meadow or other waste
ground having water may be enclosed for
them, they can be made a source of rev¬
enue for the farm. Much talk is heard
nowadays about the feather bed being
unhygienic but it will be long before the
folk brought up in the good old way are
willing to exchange it for the hard but
more sanitary mattress. The woman who
has tried snuggling under a feather cover¬
let on a cold Winter night will not rest
until she possesses one, if not “a down
quilt for every bed in the house.”

M. E. COLEGROVE.

Sectional View of
Handle Showing
Grellner Wedge.

11

H'lri

i|f

\m\

U [i;fe
y Hiti

Keen Kutter quality
tells in the long life of
Keen Kutter Tools as well
as in better work and
greater satisfaction. It
is not an unusual thing
for Keen Kutter Tools to
be passed down from
father to son, so long do
they last.

The long life of Keen
Kutter Tools compared
with the short term of
service of inferior brands makes Keen Kutter Tools by far the least expen¬
sive tools that you can buy. The

mn mtcr

trademark covers every kind of tools so that you may always be sure of
highest quality by insisting upon Keen Kutter Tools.

An example of the Keen Kutter excellence is found in Keen Kutter
Hatchets and Handled Axes. These are made of the highest grade of steel,
on the most approved lines, and by the best workmen. Every Keen Kutter
Hatchet and Axe has the handle wedged with the Grellner Patent Everlasting
Wedge which positively prevents the head ever flying off or working loose,
and is sharpened ready for use. These are exclusive Keen Kutter features.

Some of the other kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are: Axes, Adzes,
Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes,
Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks,
Brush Hooks, Corn Knives, Eye Hoes, Trowels, Pruning Shears,
Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors,
etc., and Knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Send far
Tools, write us and learn where to get them. Tool Booklet.
Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this Mark and Motto :

“ The Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten."

Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis, U. S. A. 298 Broadway, New York.

05% *

JL /u w

10RE INCOME

Without Speculation.

/$***&\

8 825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

DISTRICTED loans on bond
*Vuid mortgage to thrifty home
buyers who pay all interest and
part principal monthly. That is
the way the funds of our clients
are i ii vested ; and 11 years’ con-
4tant growth of assets, surplus
and profits indicates the meas¬
ure of success achieved. We re¬
invest your 4 p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU 5 p. c. per an¬
num for every day we have
them, increasing their earning
power 25 p, c. Write for par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . si, 700.000
Surplus and Profits,
*100.000

industrial Savings and I.oanCo.

3 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

■■■■

RED CYPRESS— WHITE
1* I N E — G A L V ANI ZED
STEEL

CALDWELL

Tanks are the best made
Ask for illustrated cat¬
alogue and price list;
also references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky.

SEE THAT YOUR TICKET READS VIA THE
NICKEL PLATE ROAD.

If you are going to Erie, Cleveland. Ft.
Wayne, Chicago or beyond, and you will be
assured a most satisfactory trip at the lowest
possible cost. Through Pullman sleepers from
New York and Boston to points above men¬
tioned. Elegant high back seat day coaches.
Famous Dining Car Service.

For rates to any point West or on the Pa¬
cific Coast, and before arranging for your trip,
write It. F. Payne, General Agent, 291 Main
St., Buffalo, N. Y., or A. W. Ecclestone. I).
P. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

f MORE

GOOD

CIDER»» WINE'

hydraulic:

can bo made from a given amount of
apples or grapes with one of our
presses than with any other.

The juice will be purer and
bring higher prices, while
the extra yield soon pays
for the press. We mako
Power
Presses

in all sizes, hand or power. 25
to 800 barrels per day. Also ^

Gasoline 4 Steam Engines, Boll- -
era, Saw-Mills, Steam Evapora¬
tors. Apple-butter Cookers, etc. ~

Fully guaranteed. Catalog FREE. I

TheHydr aulic Press Mfo. Co.

12 Main Street, Mt. Gilead, Ohio

^ or Room 1 24-F, 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Monarch

Hydraulic

PRESS

—FOR—

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rpacity, best results with least power. Steel beams,
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device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
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Gasoline engines, stationary, portable aiul traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co’s. Boliera, Engine*, Saw
Mill*, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

Room 161. 35) Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.

WHERE HEALTH AND PLEASURE WAIT

IN this latest number of The Four-Track Series the pictures tell the
story. There are only a few lines of descriptive matter, and twenty-
nine of the most exquisite and interesting half-tones of charming
scenes “ where health and pleasure wait.”

This is one of the most beautiful pieces of advertising ever sent out
by a railroad company.

For a copy of “ WHERE HEALTH AND PLEASURE WAIT,” which is No. 2 of the New Y'ork Central’s Four-
Track Scries, send a 2-cent stamp to George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, New York Central & Hudson
River Railroad, Room No. 319 Grand Central Station, New York.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. - Get it from your Druggist.

5l2

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 1,

CONTENTS.

The Rusal New Yobkek, July 1, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Nitro-Culture Not Needed . 501, 502

Some Problems with Alfalfa . 502

Effect of Lime Upon Crops . 502

How Alfalfa Hunts Water . 503

Questions About Onion Sets . 504

A Woman’s Farm Notes . . 505

Reseeding to Crimson Clover . 505

Hound or Square Silo . 505

Hope Farm Notes . 507

Crop Prospects . 509

German Potato Culture . 509

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Breeding and Care of Colts . 501

Selling Dairy Products . 502

Sorghum for Horse Feed . 502

Bad Outlook for Fat Cattle . 514

Horse-Breeding Notes . 514

Ailing Hens . . • 514

The New Milk Law . 515

Canadian Dairy Standards . 515

Preserving Eggs in Barrel . 515

Drainage From a Horse Barn . 515

HORTICULTURE.

Notes on the Cranberry Business. . .

Public Spraying in Canada .

Potash; Fertilizing Young Trees ...

Spraying With Compressed Air .

The Home of Big Strawberries .

An Orchard Problem .

Poison for Striped Melon Bugs .

Cause of Double-Flowered Blackberrie

Notes From the Rural Grounds .

Prospects for Cultivated Ginseng . . .
Fruit Prospects in Massachusetts . . .

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 510

Canning Vegetables . 510

A Bachelor’s Cosy . 510

'The Rural Patterns . 510

Cocoanut Fat for Cooking . 511

Home Dressmaking Hints . 511

A Homemade Down Quilt . 511

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Convenient Bathroom . 502

Investigation of Iron and Steel . 503

Editorials . 508

Events of the Week . . 509

Publisher's Desk . 513

Products, Prices and Trade . 513

Humorous . 516

503

503

503

504

504

505

505

506
509
509

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending June 23, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in 1 He various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern Duluth — to 1.18%

No. 2, red. new . — @1.06%

No. 3, Northern Manitoba.. — @1.01

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 62%

Oats, mixed . — @ 35

Rye . ’ . — @ 66

Barley . — • @ 48

FEED.

Wholesale at New York..

City bran . — @19.50

Middlings . 21.00 @21.50

Red dog . — @22.50

Linseed meal . — @30.00

Cotton-seed meal . — @26.00

Retail Western New York.

Spring bran . 21.00 @23.00

Middlings . 24.00 @26.00

Red dog . 25.00 @27.00

Corn and oats . 25.00 @27.00

Linseed meal . — @35.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Prices given are for large bales. Small
bales 50 cents to .$1 per ton less.

Hay. prime . — • @ 82%

No. 1 . 75 @ 80

No. 2 . 65 @ 70

No. 3 . 55 @ 60

Clover and clover mixed.... 50 (a 55

Straw, long rye . 70 @ 75

Short and oat . 40 @ 60

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.11 per 40-
quart can. netting two cents per quart to
shippers in 26-cent freight zone where there
are no additional station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras, lb .

20 %@

—

Firsts .

19% @

20

Seconds .

18

@

19

Thirds .

17

@

17%

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. .

19% @

20

Tubs, firsts .

1 8 % @

19

Tubs, seconds .

Western imitation creamery,

17

@

18

extras .

18

@

19

Firsts .

10

@

17

Western factory, firsts .

1 5 % @

16

Seconds .

14% @

15

Lower grades .

13% @

14

Renovated, extras .

— @

17

Firsts .

15% @

16%

Packing stock, No. 1 .

15

@

1 5 %

No. 2 .

14

@

14%

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 20 @

Fresh gathered, white, choice. 19 @

Fresh gathered, extra mixed.. 18% @
Fresh gathered, good to choice 17 @

Western, choice to fancy.... 17 @

Western, average best . 15% @

Western, com. to fair . 14 @

Western, poor to fair . 11 @

Kentucky, fresh gathered . 13 @

Tennessee and other S’n . 13 @

Southern, poor to fair . 10 @

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fine . 9%

Small, fair to choice . 8%; @

Light skims, choice . 7Yt @

Part skims, prime . 0% @

Full skims . 1 @

21

19%

19

18

17%

16

15

13

14%

14

12%

9 Vi
7%
6%

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy.... 7 @ —

Evaporated, choice . 6 @ 6%

Evaporated, com. to good... 4%@ 4%

Sun dried, Can., quarters... 3%@ 4%

Sun dried, Ohio . 2 % @ 3

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.40 @1.50

Cores and skins. 100 lbs.... 90 @1.00

Raspberries, 1904, per lb . 23 @ 24

Huckleberries, 1904 . 10 @ 11

Blackberries, 1904 . 7 @ 7%

Cherries, 1904 . 13% @ —

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Spy, bbl . 3.00 @6.00

Baldwin . 3.00 @3.75

Russet, Roxbury . 3.00 @3.75

Russet, Golden . 3.00 @3.50

No. 2 stock . 1.50 @2.50

Plums, Georgia, carrier . 75 @1.25

Peaches, Fla. & Ga. 24-qt. carl. 00 @2.00

Cherries, Up-river, 8-ll>. basket 25 @ 50

Strawberries, Md. & Del., qt.. 3 @ 7

South Jersey . 3 @ 9

Hilton & Irvington, fancy.. 10 @ 16

Upper Jersey, poor to prime 3 @ 8

Staten Island, quart . 6 @14

Up-river, quart . 6 @ 13

Western N. Y . 13 @ 14

Blackberries, N. ('., quart. ... 5 @ 8

Delaware and Maryland.... 7 (a 10

Raspberries, red. pint . 5 @ 7

Black caps, pint . 4 @ 6

Huckleberries, N. C., quart. . . 9 @ 14

Gooseberries, quart . . 5 @ 6

Currants, cherry, lb . 10 @ 12

Muskmelons, Fla., bu. crate.. 25 @1.50

Georgia, crate . 50 @1.75

Watermelons, Florida, 100. ..18.00 (a 40.00
Florida, carload . . 125.00 @275.00

HOI’S.

Choice . 27 @ 29

Medium to prime . 24 @ 26

Ordinary . 22 @ 23

Olds . 10 @ 12

German crop . 50 @ 60

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Rose, No. 1, bbl.... 1.00 @1.50

South’ll, Chili white. No. 1... 75 @1.12

Southern, Chili red, No. 1.. 75 @1.00

Southern, seconds . 50 @ 60

Southern, culls . 40 @ 50

Old, iu bulk, 180 lbs . 75 @1.00

Asparagus, Colossal, doz . 1.75 @2.25

Extra prime . 1.50 @1.75

Prime . 100 @1.25

Culls . 50 @ 75

Beets. L. I., 100 bunches . 1.50 @2.00

Carrots, old, bbl . 1.50 @2.25

Long Island. 100 bunches. -.1.00 @2.00

Cabbage, Norfolk, bbl . 15 @ 50

Eastern Shore, bbl. or crate 50 @ 75

Cauliflowers, hothouse, doz. . . 75 @1.50

Cucumbers, Southern, bu . 75 @1.25

Corn, Southern, 100 . 1.00 @2.00

Celery, State and W’n, doz. . . 20 @ 90

Egg plants, Florida, bu. ..... .1.00 @2.00

Lettuce .nearby, bbl . 50 0/1.00

Mushrooms, lb . 10 @ 75

Mint, 100 bunches . 1.00 @3.00

Onions, Southern, white, bu... 75 @1.00

•l X- 1 , n line, . . . . • ■ ■ ■■■ >

Oyster plants, 100 bunches. .. 2.00 @3.00

Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @ —

Peppers.. Fla.. 24-qt. carrier. . 1.00 @1.50

Peas, Jersey, Telephone, bu... 75 @1.25

Jersey. June . 50 @ 75

Long Island . 50 @ 60

Radishes, nearby, 100 bunches 50 @ —

String beans, N. C.. bu . 10 @ 50

Norfolk, wax, half-bid . 10 @ 50

Norfolk, green, half-bbl . 25 @ 65

Jersey, wax . 1.12 @1.50

Jersey, green . 1.25 @1.50

Spinach, nearby, bbl . 30 @ 50

Squash, marrow, new, bbl.... 75 @1.25

Southern, white, bbl . 1.50 @2.25

Yellow, crook-neck. bbl... 1.50 @2.50

'Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 1.00 @1.75

White. 100 bunches . 1.00 @ —

Tomatoes, Fla., carrier . . 50 @ 75

Savannah, 24-qt carrier. .. .1.00 @1.75

North Carolina and Virginia 75 @1.25

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chickens, Western, 11). . — @22

Southern . — @ 20

Fowls, Western . — @ 13

Turkeys, old. lb.... . — @ 13

Ducks. Western, average, pair. 70 (a 80
Southern, average, pair..... 00 ffl 65
Geese, Western, average, pair. 1.00 @1.25

Southern, average, pair . — 1.00

Live pigeons, pair . — @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, W’n. average best...
Western, mixed, fair to good

Western, poor .

Chickens. Pliila. broilers, 3 to
4 lbs. to pair, lb .

1 7 % @ —

I ’ennsyl vania
W’n, broilers

broilers .

dry picked...
W’n, broilers, scalded, 3 lbs.

and over to pair lb...
W’n. broilers, under 3 lbs. to

pair .

Southern, broilers, scalded..
Fowls. Western, medium size.

Western, heavy weights....
Fowls & chickens, poor to fair

Spring ducks, lb .

Squabs, prime, large, white,

dozen . :

Mixed
Dark

Bulls

15

@

16

13

@

14

30

@

40

28

@

30

• >;>

@

25

23

@

—

18

@

22

16

@

IS

—

@

12%

12

@

12%

10

@

12

17

@

18

.50 @2.75

.12 @2.25

Culls
Sheep
Lambs
Hogs

@1.62

LIVE STOCK.

> steers

. 7.00

@7.65

fn l 10

. 1.70

(a 3.25

. 4.50

(a 7.25

g

(ii 7.25

. 2,50

@ 7.50

@5.90

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf tillers.. 5 @ 10

Seconds . 25 @ 35

Fine wrappers . 60 @ 70

N. Y. State fillers . 3 @ 5

Average running lots . 5 @12

Pennsylvania broadleaf Bs.... 13 @ 14

Va. shipping com. lgs . 6 @ 6%

Com. to med. leaf . 7%@ 8%

Med. to good leaf . 9 @ 10

Good to fine leaf . 11 %@ 12 %

Louisville hurley com. lugs... 10 @ 11 Vi

Med. to good lugs . 11%@ 13%

Com. to good leaf . 10 @ 15%

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher. Nitrate of
soda scarce and temporarily high.

Nitrate of soda . — 53.00

Muriate of potash . — @43.00

Acid phosphate . • — @13/10

Kainit . — @12.50

Dried blood . — @48.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. lb. — @ 5%

Sulphur in bbl. lots, lb. — - @ 2%

The Value of Leached Ashes.

II. II. D., Midland, Mich. — On page 455 I
note an artice on the fertility of the land
that appeals to me as being one of the best
articles on the subject that 1 have ever seen.

I have used more than one thousand tons of
hard-wood ashes, but I have proved again
and again that leached ashes on my land are
superior to the unleaclied. I presume the
reason for this is that my land is lacking in
lime and not lacking in potash. I have
proved this so many times that there is no
doubt about a large amount of potash in un-
leaehed ashes being detrimental to my land,
although a small amount in the leached ashes
has produced no ill effed, and it may be de¬
cidedly beneficial. „ In any case, the combina¬
tion of lime, phosphates and small amounts
of potash in leached ashes will increase a
clover crop in some cases more than two tons
to the acre, whereas unleached ashes will
not do so.

Ans. — We liave never heard of just
such a case before. A fair comparison of
leached and unleached ashes is given as
follows :

Pounds in one ton.

Phosphoric
Lime. Potash. Acid.

Unleaclied ashes . 650 100 32

Leached ashes . 560 14 16

As all understand, “leaching” means
soaking water through the ashes so that
most of the potash and part of the phos¬
phoric acid is soaked or leached out. The
leached ashes contain more water than
the unleached. We have not heard of a
case before where leached ashes have
proved superior.

Farm Help Wanted.

IT. IT. Ii,, lloanolcc, Va. — I noticed that
through your columns farm hands had been
secured direct from the immigrant associa¬
tion. I would like to hire two youths, or
young men, for general farm work ; must
be large enough <o plow with “big plow,”
sober and industrious. I would prefer youths
17 or 18 years old, who want to make farm¬
ers of themselves.

Ans. — There is a free labor bureau in
this city conducted by various immigrant
aid societies. The object of the bureau is
to find work for deserving foreigners. We
have obtained help there,' both ^-ood and
inferior. You can address W. H. Meara,
Free Labor Bureau, Battery Park, New
York. You will have to advance the
money for railroad tickets, your security
being the checks for baggage. Hands are
demanding high wages, and will not be
likely to consider any inducement beyond
the money they can make.

Making a Cellar Water-Tight.

E. /’. /’., Worcester Co., Mass. — I have a
cellar with nine-inch walls of crushed rock
and cement that was not put in right, and
it is porous. We have lined it with one
part cement to three sand wash one to
three inches thick, and still it is somewhat
porous. What shall we do to make it water¬
proof? Would painting with coal tar when
the wails are dry fill up the pores? Would
several applications of thin mixture of clear
cement and water with a whitewash brush
be of any use?

Ans. — If E. P. P. used good cement it
would seem that it ought to be watertight.
Atmospheric moisture condensing upon
the walls under certain conditions is some¬
times attributed to porosity. It is usually
not very difficult to keep a cellar dry by
cementing, provided the outside water
pressure does not, in places, cause break¬
age. There is the great difficulty. For
porosity, as is indicated, I would take vul¬
canite cement (or any other good brand
of Portland) and make a paint by the ad¬
dition of water, and brush on as suggest¬
ed. Apply two coats, and do it when
water is not seeping through the walls.
Coal tar might be effective, but I think it
would not be suitable for a cellar on ac¬
count of odor. G. DAVIS.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-lr. a»d you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

DCAnV WnVA/ 250 bushels 1905 crop CRIMSON
nCAUl HUVT. CLOVER SEEDS, Delaware
grown. No weeds. E. G. PACKARD. Dover, Del.

IMPROVED LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fauuettsburg, Pa.

AYRSHIRE BULLS, COWS AND HEIFERS.

As 1 am over stocked, I will sell four Bulls from
one year old down to six weeks old: all from the be»t
Dairy Stock in America with long teats. Also two
fine Heifer Calves and two Cows. 1 can furnish pairs
not related. Address, C. E. HATCH, V. S., Gaines¬
ville, Wyoming County, N. V.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

OLDS

ENGINE

/fSwTZARU
ENCMC
WITH
PUMP
LJACKj

ARE USED
BY THE

u. s.

GOVERN¬

MENT

Insending outthelrlast specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.
War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all

others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8H. P. ( Jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.

New York Agents: R. H. Deyo & Co. Binghamton, N.Y

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3L H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H.A. Dissinger &

400 Cherry Street
AVriglitsville, Penult.

THE

COLUMBUS

Gas amt Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for catalogue
No. 62.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $ 1 00 .00
Five Horse Power, §5160.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Thr e Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $260.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

To Cas Engine Operator*

Dynamo Ignition.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

No battery to start or run. The original
•eed-controlled friction-drive Dynamo.
Driven parallel with engine shaft. No
bolts. No hoveled pulley or beveled
fly wheel nocessary. For make and
break and jump-spark system. Water
and dust proof. Fully Guarantxkd.
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. C0.,<
58 Main Street, Pendleton, Iud., U.S. A.

POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Our 3*H.P.“ BEAT ’EM ALL”
Pumper, only $110. Our 3 Hi to 4-
H.P. "WATERLOO BOY”
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, ... Iowa.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N. Y.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our fill
For particulars write \ll IIS
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co. *»*■■“*#
18 Pymatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

5,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale through¬
out New England and the South; “Strout's Spring
List,” describing and illustrating hundreds, many
with stock, tools and growing crops included, mailed
FREE. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau
St., New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

ATTENTION KS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty

I. HKKZ, Geill. Mgr., 99Montgonieiy St., Jersey City, N. J

FOR SALE

-An excellent Fruit and Grain Farm,
Seneca Lake, near Station ; 15 minutes
from Geneva. Thirty acres fruit; good buildings;
trout brook; $7,500, worth $10,000. Send 4c. for bul¬
letin. 500 farm bargains; New York State. Mention
this paper. Johnston Real Estate Co., Rochester, N.Y.

W ANTFn_Dairynlan an<1 Luttermaker for modern
YY n'l I LU private dairy, good milker, etc.; single.
Apply giving full particulars to MANAGER HIGH¬
LAND FARM, Noroton Heights, Conn.

1905.

5i3

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

The promoters of the Spencer Seedless
apple are not likely to die poor, if the
plans for promoting their stock go
through. In the first place, there seems
to be a parent company organized under
the laws of the State of Colorado. Then
subsidiary companies are organized to
raise and sell the trees in local sections.
We have before us a prospectus of a com¬
pany so organized to develop the trade
in the States of Maryland, Virginia and
West Virginia. Here is an extract from
the prospectus :

This company is incorporated for 100,000
shares of par value of $1.00 each, of which
51,000 shares belong to the parent company,
who agree to furnish us any number of buds
we will need free of charge. Of the remain¬
ing shares 25,000 belong to the officers of the
company, representing the cash outlay made
by them to procure the rights, and good will
of the company from the parent company, and
incorporate the Baltimore Company. The re¬
maining 24,000 shares are treasury stock, and
are hereby offered for sale at the par value
of $1.00 each. Below will be found the pro¬
spective earnings of this Company, based on
seven year's experience of the parent com¬
pany, and some of the already existent sub¬
sidiary companies :

Cost of 150,000 yearling apple
trees, at $2.85 per 1000.... $
Freight on same from Iowa to

Baltimore .

Rent on 20 acres of land per year

Irrigation expenses .

Office rent per year .

Advertising .

Labor of three or more men....

Printing, stationery .

Taxes, city and state .

Commission of 25 cts. a tree sold

for 100,000 . .

Salaries of officers .

427.50

187.50
250.00
1 50.00
100.00
10,000.00
1 ,500.00
250.00
200.00

25,000.00

3,000.00

41,065.00

Credit 100,000 trees sold in three

States in one year at $2.00 200,000.00

Profit $158,935.00

That is easy enough, to be sure. The
Colorado company prints and signs 100,-
000 shares of stock, and keeps 51,000
shares, which is a controlling interest.
Then 25,000 shares are given local officers
and promoters because of their influence
with the public generally; and then the
dear farmer is allowed to pay a full dollar
a share for the remaining 24,000 shares.
In other words, for every dollar the
farmer pays for this stock, 51 cents go to
the Colorado people, 25 cents to the offi¬
cers and promotors, and 24 cents remains
to be used and controlled, not by the
farmers who invest it, but by the Colo¬
rado people who retain a majority of the
stock. But this is not all. According
to the prospectus these trees are to cost a
little less than three cents apiece, while
the obliging farmer is to buy 100,000 of
them at $2 apiece. Of course, there are
some other trifling expenses to come out
of the sales, principally in commissions
for sales, officers’ salaries and $10,000 in
advertising. But why sell apple trees even
at this liberal profit while paper certifi¬
cates of stock can be sold on this liberal
basis?

The circulars of the company give the
names of some prominent bankers of Bal¬
timore as backers of the concern. These
men are very guarded in their statements
in reference to the enterprise, and do not
state that they have actually invested any
money in it. Prof. Brackett of the Agri¬
cultural Department at Washington repu¬
diates absolutely the endorsement used in
his name. Just why farmers could be
relied upon to buy this stock for the priv¬
ilege of selling to themselves trees at $2
apiece while standard varieties can be
had at 25 cents apiece, is something that
is not explained in the circulars. But this
is a detail that seldom interests promoters.
Why should it? Who ever heard of a
creamery shark running a creamery? The
business of promoters is to sell stock.

A similar subsidiary company has re¬
cently been organized to control the trade
of New York and New England. Its
headquarters are at Plattsburg, N. Y., and
the capital stock is $300,000. We have
not seen the prospectus, but we assume
the stock will be dealt out in the same
prudent proportions. Do the farmers of
New England want to pay $72,000 for the
privilege of selling three-cent apple trees
to themselves at $2 apiece and for apples
that are not considered equal in quality to
the Ben Davis? We think not.

This week I print the following letter

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

just to show a New England reader’s
sentiments for The R. N.-Y.

I have belonged to The It. N.-Y. family for
only a few mouths, but want to say to you
that in the past 40 years I have subscribed
for nearly every agricultural paper between
Boston and Chicago and some even beyond,
but The It. N.-Y. is the first one 1 pick from
my tableful of papers and magazines and the
only one I pretend to read through at this
busy season of the year. c. w. J.

Vermont.

By the way, have you yet received your
copy of The Business Hen? We have
some copies yet on hand. If yours has
not reached you, it will go the day your
renewal is received.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

New Custom House. — Work was begun on
this building 4% years ago, and it is now
somewhere near completion so far as the out¬
side is concerned. Its location, just north
of Battery Park. New York, is entirely suit¬
able, and the building is intended to be the
finest of its kind in the world. It is 191 x
278 feet, 125 feet high and has two stories
below ground. The lot on which it stands is
worth $3,000,000 and about $4,500,000 will
be put in the building. In addition to the
customs business, it will contain a branch
post office and internal revenue offices.

Watek by Dry Measure. — In levying cus¬
toms duty of one cent per quart on foxberries
packed in water, entered at this port, the
appraiser quite naturally used the liquid
quart, which is about 10 cubic inches less than
the dry quart, making a corresponding in¬
crease in duty. The importer protested and
the general appraisers upheld the protest,
ruling that as fruits and vegetables are ordi¬
narily sold by dry measure, the use of water
as a packing cannot affect the unit of meas¬
urement.

Potatoes. — The situation has been worse
than last week, large quantities of good po¬
tatoes having sold down to 65 cents per bar¬
rel and culls at 35 cents. About the middle
of the week receipts slackened, giving an op¬
portunity to make a fair clearance of the
surplus. It would seem that the potato
market must surely have struck bottom, and
that some price improvement might be looked
for before long.

Strawberries are plentiful, and the great
bulk are going low. Ten cents per quart, re¬
tail, will buy good berries, though of course
not the largest or choicest. Large clean ber¬
ries are so scarce that they attract attention
and retail as high as 20 cents.

Eggs. — 'The available storages in this vicin¬
ity are said to be nearly full, and speculators
are not doing much except where they can
pick up special bargains. As usual after a
hot wave, considerable heat defect is noted,
making careful candling necessary in order
to be at all certain about any lot except from
very near by. The eggs candled out are
turned in to the seconds and culls, thus add¬
ing to the already heavy supply of low
grades, which must be disposed of quickly
in order to bring over 10 cents per dozen.
Those past the stage of usefulness for even
cheap bakery work or scrambling, are still of
service in the tanning of fine leather. A
wagon load of these leather eggs was recently
upset in Jersey City, and the surrounding at¬
mosphere was tanned a dark brown odor and
consistency until relief was had from a fire
company, who turned the hose on the rotten
eggs, washing them into the sewer.

A New Excuse. — One of my neighbors, a
farmer who has a hired man only during
Summer and hires rather cheap help, has had
hard luck with men for the past two years.
Some stay two months, but the majority only
one. They seem to want to rove and on they
go. As they are used well and not over¬
worked, all sorts of reasons for leaving are
given. The most unreasonable excuse heard
thus far was made by the present man who
threatens to leave if there is another storm
like the one we had a few days ago. It was
a rather heavy rain, a small cloudburst in
which three inches of water fell in half an
hour, but the farmer does not feel responsible
for it and is wondering what means his man
will take to dodge weather eccentricities.

Boarding House Supplies. — '“I am run¬
ning a boarding house and wish information
regarding buying produce, etc. What is
meant by the 26-cent zone in your milk quo¬
tations? Can I get one 40-quart can of milk
sent me daily at two cents per quart? What
is the best way to buy butter, vegetables,
canned goods, ginger, etc., so as to get lowest
cash prices?” f. w.

Long Island.

The territory supplying New York with
milk is divided into four freight zones, viz. :
23, 26, 29 and 32 cents, depending on dis¬
tance from New York. The freight rate
jumps from one zone to the next in the same
way as standard time changes an hour when
a certain meridian is reached. These uni¬
form rate zones are the result of an agree-
men between the various milk carrying roads
to simplify matters for buyers, shippers and
railroad, by doing away with the hundreds
of different rates that would otherwise have

to be figured on. You could not get a single
can of milk at two cents per quart. It would
be four to six cents or even more, depending
on quality. There is a large milk company
with depots within a few miles of your
place, and in the long run it will pay you
to buy from them, as you will get uniform
quality without watering or doctoring, and
always be sure of a supply. The N. Y. Ex¬
change price at present is $1.11 per 40-quart
can. This does not mean that every man
who sells to a member of the Milk Exchange
gets this as the gross price. The dealers
have a mutual understanding not to go above
this sum, but buy as much lower as they can.
Out of this gross price comes freight, de¬
pending on the zone in which the shipper
lives, station charges, if there are any at his
shipping point, and five cents per can ferriage
if the milk arrives at a New Jersey terminal
and has to be brought across the river. In
regard to buying other boarding house necessi¬
ties I see dozens of people every week who are
working at this. They are shopping around here
and there among the commission men, with
some the main thing being quality, and with
others bargains, depending on the class of
boarding house they keep. The bargain hunter
has the hardest job, sometimes going to a dozen
places before finding something within his
price limit. It cannot be that “time is
money” with some of , these people as the
time spent would eat up their bargains sev¬
eral times over. I see another class who
have a regular list of people with whom they
trade. They drop in, give their orders, which
may bo 10 times as large as those of the class
first named, and are out in less than five
minutes. Considerable of this buying is

done by women. For staple groceries at mod¬
erate prices the large department stores can
be recommended ; several of them run
complete grocery departments and make free
deliveries within quite a radius of the city.
They will send price lists and fill mail orders.
As a protection to the retail trade, wholesale
grocers ordinarily refuse to sell to private
customers, even though they would take as
large quantity of many things as the retailer
would buy at one time. Here is the local
grocer’s opportunity. He ought to co-operate
with the boarding house buyer and sell in
large quantities at small enough margin to
hold the trade. I know local grocers who
are murdering their business by insisting on
a straight profit of 20 per cent on nearly
everything sold. Except in cases of very high
lent, exorbitant freight or goods on which
there is heavy loss by decay, these local
grocers ought to sell low enough to have
practically all of the trade. h.

Don't put off buying a
National until Spring. Huy
it now and get the uho and
profit in the mean time. The
Nutionul Separator
earns its coat faster than
you need it. Money refunded
any time if machine fails to
keep our promises. Remem¬
ber that the

NATIONAL SEPARATOR

pays for itself the first year— after
that it pays for other things. The sooner
you get the National in, the sooner it
will begin saving for you.

Write to-day for Book »0
and details of plan.

HASTINGS INDUSTRIAL CO.

(tenoral Sales Agents,

La Salle Sc Lake Sts. Chicago.
Manufactured by
National Dairy Mach. Co.,

t A.. IV * „ V _ 1. v

Height

ONLY
4 ft.

4> in.

Get rid of the worms
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila, Over 30 years old.

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

E. K. & H. J. Welcher, Newark, N.Y.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and
prevent further attacks.
In popular use 25 years.
Price 8 lb. Pek. 50 cents. 7 lb. Pcb. *1.00.
gend for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St., New York

“TRUTH CRUSHED

to earth shall rise again.” So
will Page Fence. Heavy trees have
fallen across Page Fences crushing
them to the earth, but as soon as the
weight is removed they spring right
boot to place. Write for evidence.
PAGE WOVEN WIBK FENCE CO.
Box 76* Adrian, Mich.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Tuttles Elixir

is a quick and permanent cure
for distemper, founder, lameness
of all kinds, pneumonia, thrush,
cuts, bruises, collar and saddle
galls, colds, stiffness, etc. It is
used and endorsed by the Adams
Express Co. We offer

$100 Reward

for any case of Colic, Curb, Con¬
tracted or Knotted Cords, Splints,
recentShoe Boils or Callous that
it will not cure.

Tuttle’s Family Elixir

is the best household remedy that can bo used for
rheumatism, sprains and all other pains and aches.
Saves doctor bills and stops pain instantly. Our 100-
page book, "Veterinary Experience free. Send for it.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co. 30 Beverly St. Boston. Mass.

Jicwaro of all WhCalled Elixirs. Get Tuttle's , the only genuine. For
eale by druggists or sent direct.

EGGS FOR SALE

Choice fine laying strains . -

P. Rocks. R. I. Rods. S. C. W. Leghorns

at 60 cents per setting.
Selected, 75 cents.
W. Wyandottes, Baired

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY, Box 8,Telford,Pa,

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan¬
dottes, li.C. Reds. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N.J.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get ihe stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
1,1st describingthirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Com..

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Eggs for hatching from mature birds. We have been
breeding “Business Leghorns” for 10 years. Send for
circular and prices. White & Rice, Yorktown, N. Y.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Rest Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: *5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ziMlVLER BROS. R. I), 41, Weedsport. N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Yearlings 75 cents.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS feSS:

ed Hens. Have been breeding Brown Leghorns for
fourteen years. Eggs, $1 per 15, or $4 per 100. J. A.
BUSH, R. No. 10, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKS

from good laying strain; one to four weeks old; 15 to
25 cents each.

M. C. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, New York.

A

ORNAMENTAL FENCE

J- at an economical price.
- Handsome designs; strong
and durable.

Write for catalogue “D.”
-R ANCHOR FENCE A
MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence— Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet
D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. ;Oakland,Cal.

OOOOOGGOO

POULTR the’;

jPOULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
>bators. Livestock, Brooders— anything — j
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the J
jasking — it's worth having. j

) Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

>Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City, i

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo;

f»OULTf2Y SUFF*LIES-

*■ The Kind that Make Kggs — All per 100 lbs.

Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; Mico Grit tor
Poultry. 60c.; MicoGrit for Pigeons, 60c ; .VllcoGrlt for
Chicks. 60c.; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.65;
Saul s Poultry Mash Food $2; Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2,
Saul’s Chick Food, $2.50; CutClover,$1.60; Clover Meal
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25: Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bone, $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25; Hemp Seed. $4.00;
8unfiower Seed, $5.50; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue sent free.

CH AS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street. Syracuse, N.Y.

^POUILrRY supplies!

UNION LOCK poultry fence stops small
chicks, fits uneven gronnd, don’t sag or buckle,

A and is easily erected. Satisfied customers say
^ it’s best. We sell at factory prices and pay
0 freight Orders filled without delay. Write
\ to-day foi catalogue of farm, lawn and poultry
0 fence*. CASE BROS,, Colchester, Conn,

t

5 1 4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 1

Live Stockand Dairy

BAD OUTLOOK FOR FAT CATTLE.

The future prospect of the cattle feeder
is not very bright, for the reason that the
people in the East are not willing to pay
for any length of time the price for beef
that will leave a margin for the feeder.
The feeder must either buy his cattle at
r round three cents per pound, or buy his
corn at 25 cents or less to produce the
medium grade of dressed beef at 4^2 cents
in Kansas City. At around three cents
for feeders (the price we paid this year)
the raisers of cattle on the cheap lands of
western Kansas and Colorado lost money.
The price of corn over the entire feeding
belt has averaged 40 cents per bushel.
During part of April the market afforded
a good profit to feeders, but since then
there has been a decline of 75 cents per
hundred on fat cattle, which wipes out
the profit for feeders. On the basis of 35
cents for corn and $5 for hay, it has been
abundantly proved that the good grade
of steers will cost eight cents per pound
for the gain made in feeding. You can
certainly see that at the prevailing prices
for grain, beef must be what you cal!
high, that is, six cents in Chicago for
good dressed beef and shipping steers. At
the present price of grain, beef cannot be
produced to sell at less than 10 cents for
good sides in New York. The average
price of corn all over the feeding belt has
been at such a high level that cheap beef
has been out of the question. At four to
4/ cents for feeders three years ago and
40 cents the prevailing price of corn in the
feeding belt, feeders lost $15 per head.
The average price obtained for beef in
Chicago was about $4.75 per 100. As
long as corn remains so high and the hos¬
tility of beef eaters to high-priced beef
continues the prospect for cattle feeders
is certainly poor.

I have sold a great many thousand head
of cactle in Kansas City and Chicago, and
have also bought fat cattle in Kansas City
for live export. On days when runs are
heavy there seems to be very little compe¬
tition, all buyers being able to fill their
needs, and on these days they usually buy
them 10 to 20 cents lower. When the
runs are light the market will show great
activity. Buyers certainly are not willing
to give all sellers ask in the cattle trade,
or in any other trade for that matter, but
in my opinion the supply and demand for
cattle regulate the price of cattle in spite
of the packers’ supposed combination. The
markets in England are hardly as good at
the present time as the Chicago market.
What the ability of the packers is to with¬
hold the supply from the East and the
export trade and thus control the prices
I cannot say. Along with others I lost
heavily in producing beef three j^ears ago,
and so far not been able to make up the
loss. T have 1,000 cattle on feed at the
present time. Walter darlington.

Concordia, Kan.

R. N.-Y. — Yet our people are compelled
to pay extravagant prices for meat at
retail.

I do not know very much about the
dressed beef. T do know one thing, that
the cattle feeders are not getting rich.
Half of the feeders make a failure of it
and have to quit. Land has advanced in
the last few years, so has our corn, from
45 to 50 cents, so it makes finished beef
very costly. It takes eight months full
feed to make ^ three-year-old good and
fat, and we have to have near $6 for
those good cattle laid down at Chicago,
or we will have to quit. There is more
money feeding hogs for us. I have four
loads feeding now. Two loads I expect
to ship next week; I call them good, but
price is 65 cents off from two months ago.
It is the shippers’ opinion that we do not
have enough competition ; we are satisfied
from the wealth that they are accumu¬

lating. We ship to Chicago; they tell us
what they will give and we have to take
it and thank them. If we hold over for
next day they set us back a notch, so we
try to be on good terms with them.

Arenzville, Ill. j. b. r.

HORSE BREEDING NOTES.

Is a year's get of 55 colts from 85 mares
a fair record for a Norman Percheron stal¬
lion ? READER.

Ohio.

We think that a Percheron stallion get¬
ting 55 colts from 85 mares is a sure
breeder. j. crouch & son.

La Fayette, Ind.

I consider 55 colts from 85 mares a
very good record. Much depends on the
reasons and weather, you cannot be sure
in the general way of more than half.

I\ G. H. BEN NET.

Plymouth, Mass.

1 think that 50 per cent is a very good
average. We have had some to get 90,
but that is where we selected the good
producing mares only. We give a 50 per
cent guarantee on each horse we sell and
have little or no trouble to give satisfac¬
tion. JAS. MC MURRAY.

Elkhorn, Wis.

We should say that 55 colts from 85
mares, which means over 64 per cent, is
a good average in any breed. In our bill
of sale we guarantee 60 per cent on all
stallions sold, which includes both Per¬
cheron and German Coach horses. In
the Percheron breed of draft horses it
is never unusual for us to get as high
as 75 per cent, and we have occasionally
sold stallions that got 90 per cent. The
Percheron draft horse is the most potent
of all draft breeds. The feed of a stallion
is an important matter. Avoid corn as
much as possible. Oats or barley fed
with the same weight of good wheat bran
will produce the best results with the
breeding stallion and we would advise
that the bran and grain be mixed and fed
moist, even to an extent almost sloppy,
during the breeding season. Give a feed
of either barley or oats, or both grains
mixed dry, in the morning, and a mix¬
ture of bran and one or both of these
grains wet, at noon and in the evening.
The idea in this is to avoid as much pro¬
tein as possible, in order to lay on soft
fat, which produces the greatest degree
of potency. Avoid hard fat, that is corn
feeding, as much as possible. In grass
season, if a breeding stallion can have an
armful of fresh grass every day, straight
grain feeding (oats and corn) will suffice.
Only moderate exercise should be given
in the breeding season, a soft, fat, lazy
life being correct for a breeding horse.
After the breeding season has ended, we
believe in lots of work for the stallion,
say after September and until about
March 1 of the following year. During
this time work will be of great benefit to
the breeder, but the horse should be taken
out of hard work and conditioned a rea¬
sonable time before the breeding season
begins. hartman stock farm.

Columbus, O.

AILING HENS.

A disease has broken out in my flock of 150
hens. They show no appearance of being
ailing till we find them dead, and a post¬
mortem shows their liver to be four or five
times its natural size, soft and spongy. Can
you tell me the name of the disease and its
cause and remedy? r.

Choconut Center, N. Y.

These fowls appear to have congestion
of the liver from lack of exercise, over¬
feeding or getting moldy or poisonous
food or water of some kind. Make into
pills or mix in the feed the following and
see that each fowl gets about this amount :
10 grains of Epsom salts, five grains
hyposulphite of soda, two grains bicar¬
bonate of soda, and repeat the same the
third day. m. d. williams, d. v. s.

OEDJNTEY FARM

L. E. OKTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 6G000

Bon of Forfarshire out of Golden' Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a 1 wo-year old.

few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty — Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

iW~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM. White Plains, N. Y.

REGISTERED JERSEYS— 4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos. ; 7
Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. “Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster. Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell yon a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

tEGiST’D Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep:
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
and make your own
_ , „ selections. Send 2c. stamp

F»ncy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

FflR \A L -Ayrshire Bull CHERICOHE, 8904;
I Un OM LL two years old. Price, $50.00.
OLIVER SMITH & SON, Chate&ugay. New York.

SCOTCH COLLIE PUPS,

None better. Booklet free. L. H.Devolld, Caldwell, O.

SETTER PUPS for sale. Forjprices & descriptions

write W. C.

', Williston, Md

PEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
1 kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

erriD CAI C male axj fe-
ryif OALCi MALE ELK at

I he Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

FLOCK OF ANGORAS FOR SALE.

Twenty-three head, including 10 Kids of this Spring.
$250 takes the flock, if taken promptly. Address,

. B. H. L. S. CO., Fort Salonga, Long Island. N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or

ri.te^or prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailing for Europe personally to select
and. bring over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings: $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret, N.J

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
, and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
►you posted as to our sales.

COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

_ Registered Trade Mark

SFAVIN CURB

Write us before you lire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save- the- Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Tlioroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

per bottle with written guarantee,
W sJ Semi for copy, alao booklet and score* ol
letter* on every kind of case and lamenes*. Do-
Scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

SRAVINOF cr

CURES ® ■

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Wind gall.
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Sores, Pollevil, Scratches,
ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un¬
natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
and clean. Testimonials.

_ CHURCH BR05., AFTON.N.T.

.00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattt y

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prin.

ABS0RBINE

Cures Strained Puffy Ankles,
Lymphangitis, Bruises and
Swellings, Lameness and
Allays Pain Quickly
without Blistering, removing the
hair, or laying the horse up. 32.00
per bottle, delivered, with full
directions. Book 9 B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., formanklnd,

31-00 Bottle. Cures Strains, Gout,
Varicose Veins, Etc. Mfd. only by

W, F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

ONLY TWO HOLSTEIN BULLS LEFT

OLD ENOUGH FOR USE.

Will close them out at your price. They are well bred,
well grown and nicely marked. At the price, they will
surely go quick. If you need one write immediately,

Oakland Farm. T.A.Mitchell,Weedsport,N.Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY. Manlius, New York.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton. Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. A"imals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to oiler at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU. Neshanic, N.J

uni OTCIM pill | P from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOILIIl DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y'

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

SEND NO MONEY,

Order a beautiful, registered, yearling, HOLSTEIN
FRIESIAN BULL to head your herd to-day. You
need not pay for him unless he suits you.

$5,000 . . GUARANTEE . . $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, De pt. D, Cortland, N. Y.

N. B. — 250 Cows, Heifers and Calves for sale. 250
You can get anything you want at Star Farm at
satisfactory prices.

WHITE STRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERO

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD. No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 4 76 2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest or
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEY CATTLE

Chester White Swine

mi cnla fllnvflr TCnnll Rt.or*Tr K*

Excellent
Breeding
Stock n obv

I I vn n oni** 1 1 A I'ft

mm

•A. fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine J uly and Ang.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Choice lot; both sexes; ready to ship from

LSWO

! ! Right Kind ! ! Right Size ! ! Right Price ! !
Offer a nice lot of Young Boars for Fall service.

WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd’s Lake, N. J.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES 5K22SS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mtcb

WE HAVE FOR SALE

200 Yorkshire Pigs at $4.50 and $5.50 each, and 250
Berkshire Pigs at $5 and $6 each. These Pigs are an
especially nice lot six to eight weeks old out of pedi¬
greed stock.

We also have three boars three months old at $15
each, two boars six months old at $25 each, and one
boar ei^ht months old at $35. These are extra fine
Berkshire Boars out of pedigreed stock. Also twenty-
five mixed Yorkshire and Berkshire Sows with pig,
at $15 each. Hudson Valley Farms, Glens Falls, N. Y.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog: White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, *5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

O. I. C. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

0.1. C

prices.

Cloverdale Herd. Recorded Stock,
■ all ages. Fifty Spring Pigs. Write for

H. L. BEADLE, Valley Falls, N. Y.

0 1 A Swine and Guernseys. Prices reason-

■ la Ua able. Van Doren Bros., Lysander, N.Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

5 1 5

THE NEW MILK LAW.

[The new law compels workers at milk
stations to take out a license from the State
Department of Agriculture. J

I believe the law to he a good move in the
l ight direction ; as I have not as yet had an
occasion to read the law cannot say much
about it. The worker should be obliged at
the time of taking or getting his license to
take an affidavit, that in case he is licensed
he would to the best of his ability see that
pure, unadulterated milk would be shipped
from the station where he is employed. As
far as I can hear that is not done at the
present time. w. s. a.

Hankins, N. Y.

It is claimed that this will give the De¬
partment of Agriculture a better opportunity
to detect fraud at the stations, more espe¬
cially the skimming process, which is so uni¬
versally carried on by the middlemen. I
fail to see how this will materially change the
situation. My experience with men is that
they know where their money comes from,
and as a rule will generally obey orders, say¬
ing that is what they are hired for; it is
hot tlieii- business to turn detective and wiil
cover up all irregularities. This is my opin¬
ion expressed in very few words,

Smithboro, N, Y, J, tv, ft.

CANADIAN DAIRY STANDARDS.

The following standards for butter and
cheese have been adopted by the Dominion
Department of Agriculture:

Standards for Grading Cheese.

First Grade. — Flavor, clean, sound and
pure; body and texture, close, firm and silky;
color, good and uniform ; finish, fairly even
in size, smoothly finished, sound and clean
surfaces, straight and square; boxes, strong,
clean, well made and nailed. Ends to be of
seasoned timber. Close fitting. Weights sten¬
ciled or marked with rubber stamp.

Second Grade. — Flavor, “fruity,” not
clean, “turnipy,” or other objectionable
flavor; body and texture, weak, open, loose
"aeidy,” too soft, too dry ; color, uneven, mot¬
tled, or objectionable shade; finish, very un¬
even In size, showing rough corners, black
mold, dirty or cracked surfaces, soft rinds;
boxes, too large id diameter; top edge of box
more than one-lmif an inch below tiie top of
the cheese. Made of light material. Ends
made of improperly seasoned material.

Third Grade. — Flavor, rancid, badly “off,"
anything inferior to second grade : body and
texture, very weak, very open, showing pin¬
holes or porous, very “acidy,” very soft or
very dry; color, badly mottled, or very ob¬
jectionable shade; finish, anything worse
than second grade; boxes, no question of
boxes sufficient to make third grade if other
qualities are good.

it would he impossible to define exactly the
qualities or defects which may appear in
cheese. The standards given are intended to
indicate the range of quality for the different
grades rather than to establish hard and fast
rules to guide the grader. 'The expression
"good color” means that (he color must be
of a proper shade. There are cheap, inferior
cheese colors used which do not give the
proper shade no matter what quantity is
used, 'i xie expression “clean surfaces” in t lie
definition for first grade does not exclude
from that grade cheese with a slight growth
of blue mold, although it is desirable that the
cheese should not show any signs of mold.
“Black mold” (see definition for second
grade) is simply the advanced stage of the
ordinary blue mold. The following scale of
points will indicate the relative values of the
different divisions of quality: Flavor, 40;
body and texture, 30 ; color, 15 ; finish and
boxing, 15.

Standards for Grading Creamery Butter

First Grade. — Flavor, sound, sweet and
clean ; body and grain, waxy, not too much
moisture: color, even, no streaks or mottles,
not too high ; salting, not too heavy if salt
butter, salt all dissolved; finish, good quality
parchment paper lining, neatly arranged,
package well filled, bright, even surface;
packages, well made, . of good material, and
clean. Boxes to be of right size to hold 56
pounds of butter when properly filled. Par¬
affined on inside. Neatly branded. Tubs to
be lined with parchment paper of good qual¬
ity.

Second Grade. — .Flavor, not quite clean, or
other objectionable flavor; body and grain,
salvy, overworked, too much moisture; color,
slightly mottled or streaky, too high, or ob¬
jectionable shade; salting, too heavy, salt un¬
dissolved. or unevenly distributed ; finish, very
light or poor quality parchment paper lining,
lining not arranged to protect butter, mold
on parchment paper, rough uneven surface,
package not properly filled ; packages, rough,
badly made, or of poor or unseasoned mate-
iiai, including sapwood, dirty packages, un¬
even weight.

Third Grade. — -Flavor, very stale, very
strong stable flavor, or anything inferior to
second grade: body and grain, very salvy,
‘mushy,” mold in butter; color, very mottled
or otherwise inferior to second grade in re¬

gard to color ;. salting, no question of salt
alone sufficient to make third grade if other
qualities are up to first grade ; finish, no
parchment lining, very rough finish, dirty
surface ; packages, inferior to second grade.

The standarus are intended to indicate the
range of quality for the different grades,
rather than to establish hard and fast rules
for the guidance of the grader. “Fresh,” or
saltless butter will be judged on the same
standards as for salted butter, by leaving the
matter of salting out of the consideration. A
package is not considered well filled if the
butter is more than half an inch below the
top of the package. It is very important that
all boxes should hold only 56 pounds. No
oilier weight should be marked thereon. Tubs
should lie of uniform size and weight. The
following scale of points Wiii indicate the
relative values of the different divisions of
quality; Flavor, 40 ; body or grain, 25;
color, 10; salting. 111; finish and packing. 15.
The expression “too much moisture" applies
to all butter Which Contains over the legal
limit of 10 per refit of water, or to any
butter that according to the custom of the
trade would he described as containing too
much water, “Too heavy salt” means more
salt than is generally demanded by the trade
for Sailed butter. “Too high color” means
over-colored. Or loo much coloring material
used. “Objectionable shades" or unnatural
colors are those which result from the use
of inferior or unsuitable coloring material.

Ottawa, Ont. r. a. RUDDiCK.

Preserving Eggs in Barrel.

F. It., Union, .V. V. — Having read the arti¬
cles on preserving eggs in sodium silicate, I
would like to ask if a clean oak barrel would
be a proper vessel to put them in?

Ans. — We should not like to use a new
oak barrel for preserving eggs by the so¬
dium silicate or any other process. Oak-
wood contains tannin, which might give
the eggs some flavor. Absolutely no
flavors arc wanted in eggs, fresh or pre¬
served, but the natural taste of the egg it¬
self. If the barrel is well charred by fire
inside it probably will not be objection¬
able. Clean glass or earthenware vessels
are the safest for the purpose.

Drainaqe from a Horse Barn.

II. II. C., fihfcitxhnrtf. Moss-. — We are
building a new barn, and wish to use the cel¬
lar to keep our wagons, farm tools, fertiliz¬
ers, etc. Can you tell us the best method
of carrying away the liquids from the four
horse stalls on the barn floor, so that none
of it. will drip through into the cellar?

Ans. — Sound lumber two inches thick,
matched, laid double, breaking joints,
would if carefully done prevent leaking
below, at any rate for some time. If you
could have a very strong foundation that
would not give under the weight above,
I would suggest laying matched plank and
then covering with two inches of concrete
made of Portland cement and coarse
sand, then laying the floor upon this of
matched plank. This would of course be
more expensive. A coat of sand and
coal-tar would make a watertight floor
laid between plank. You can lay a regu¬
lar concrete floor by arching or properly
supporting the foundation, and not use a
plank covering. The best of all would be
a coat of asphalt between two plankings;
this stuff is sufficiently flexible to prevent
cracking, but, it must be put down by
skilled men, and they may not be .near.
If you will use bedding freely, (dry straw
is best), you can easily absorb all of the
liquids, so that with the double planking,
painting between them with coal-tar and
the matching also with the same stuff, I
should not anticipate any trouble. When
the surface planks are worn, replace them
before the animals come in contact with
the under planks. h. e. cook.

1 he through train had stopped at the
little station for water. "What do you
people do to amuse yourselves here?”
asked the passenger with the upturned
mustache and the bored look, who had
stuck his head out through a car window.
“Well, we git a lot o’ fun cornin’ to the
deepo an fookin at the queer critters
that goes through yere on the kvars,” re¬
plied the native who was lounging on the
station platform. — Chicago Tribune.

I Steel Frame, roun
Built once for all Br

preservers, most durab

cheapest in the end. We want agents* Spefdal'terr

togran^andfanners^hibs^JtNTERNATIONVA

SILOS

SIGO COMPANY, Box V, Jefferson!

Ohi

BEST OF SEPARATORS
ACTUALLY FREE
OF GOST.

This is really the fact in the purchase of a DE
LAVaL CREAM SEPARATOR. Any reputable
person may buy a DE LAVAL machine on such
liberal terms that the machine actually D9VS

for itself.

And it not only does this the first year, in which
it saves its cost, but goes on doing it for fully twenty
years to come. In the face of these facts buying
trashy “cash-in-advance” separators, or any other
than the best, is penny wise, dollar foolish. Such
machines quickly lose their cost instead of SaV“
ing it, and then go on losing instead of saving.

There is no possible reason why any buyer of a
Cream Separator should be content with less than the
DE LAATAL, and there never was a more promising
time to make this most profitable of all farm invest¬
ments.

Send at once for new catalogue and full par¬
ticulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,

MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,

TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,

WINNIPEG.

The Only
Modern
Separator
Bowl

Why buy a separator
filled with bottomless cake
pans, punched and bent
sections of stove pipe, or
other complicated parts ?

The only modern
bowl has no contrap¬
tions; is as simple, light
and easily handled as any
woman could wish. The
illustration shows it.

Write for catalog K-153
and learn about the best
and most attractive
separator ever built— the
Tubular.

The Sharpies Co.
Chicago, III.

P. M. Sharpies
West Chester, Pa.

IL

Free journal,

How to Build,
Plant, Fill
and Feed.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK & SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

Jin

i

r—

r* -

H ■

i

r

r

_

■

^ -

jfa

r — .

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the “ Weedsport
Improved Silo." with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo ‘will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
W rite for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WKKIISPORT, N. Y.

DR. DAVID RODERTS

CATTLE SPECIALIST

offers his professional advice free to read¬
ers of this paper.

CATTLE

Owners and breeders can save hundreds
of dollars yearly by keeping their cattle
in a strong, healthy condition.

ONE diseased COW endangers the whole
herd. You can learn to avoid this dan¬
ger by reading my FREE booklets on the
following ailments.

Write for the ones you want.

No. 1. Booklet — Abortion i n Cows.

No. 2. Booklet — Barren Cows.

No. 3. Booklet — Retained a fterblrth.

No. 4. Booklet — Scours i n Calves.

Also ) IIow to make your OWN

No. 5. Booklet—) STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

414 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wls. 2

SILOS

Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hav¬
ing Tools. R. C. REEVES CO.,
187 Water Street, New York.

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblesklll, N. Y.

GREEN MOUNTAIN

SILO

The Green Mountain is supenor
to all other Silos and is in use on
the finest dairy fauns in the country.

We want you to have a copy of
our New Free Catalogue. Write
for it now.

Special discount if you buy early.

Agents wanted in unoccupied
territory.

Note : We are manufacturers and dealers
in Machinery and Supplies for Dairy and
Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines. Pleas¬
ure Boats, etc., etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

' - -

ru.

PATENTED^flpor^fcLz r 1 9010:

5i6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 1, 1005.

HUMOROUS

There was a young lady of Niger

Who went for a ride on a tiger.

They returned from the ride
With the lady inside,

And a smile on the face of the tiger.

— Credit Lost.

A professor of natural history, who
was delivering a lecture to his class
on the rhinoceros, noticed that the atten¬
tion of the students was wandering. “Gen¬
tlemen,” he said, sternly, “if you expect
to realize the remarkably hideous nature
of this beast you must keep your eyes
fixed on me.” — Harper’s Weekly.

“You met your husband in Kansas, I
believe?” “Well, you could hardly call
it meeting him. You see, a cyclone came
along, and when I recovered conscious¬
ness I was sitting on John back of what
had once been a pumping station. Isn’t
it strange how fate brings people together
sometimes ?” — Chicago Record-Herald.

An East Side kindergartner was about
to give her class a lesson, with “The
Kitten” as the subject. She began by
saying: “Our lesson this morning will
be all about the kitten. Now, can any
little boy or girl tell me which grows on
the kitten — fur or feathers?” A dead si¬
lence followed for a minute, when one
little boy said in a loud voice : “G-o-o-d
Lawd ! Hain’t you never seen a kitten?”
— Life.

“Ah ! what delicious honey we had for
luncheon to-day,” chirped the fluffy girl
from the city, who was enjoying the hos¬
pitality of Farmer Summerboard’s brown
old home. “I presume you have your own
bee here on the farm?” “Yes, ma’am,”
replied the horny-handed hired man, who
was a pronounced pessimist during fifteen
and one-half hours out of every twenty-
four. “It’s in the old man’s hat. He
wants to go to the legislature.” — Credit
Lost.

“I thought you had taken lessons in
the art of jiu-jitsu?” “I have. I’m an
expert at it.” “How does it happen, then,
that you’re all battered up like this? You
look as if you’d been in a railroad wreck.
They say that a fellow knocked you down
and walloped you as if you’d been a
nine-year-old boy. Where did your jiu-
jitsu come in?” “It would have been
all right, and I could have given him a
punch that would have made him as help¬
less as a child, but, confound the luck,
he wouldn’t stand still till T could pick
out the right spot.” — Chicago Record-
Herald.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you.k Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attentiou address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

EPARATORS AND POWERS

1 , 2 and 3 horses ; level or even tread. | _

;ep Powers, 2 to 8 horse; Ha- frea

1 Power Corn Shellers, Feed Cutters; Fee<UMills; Saws; Steel
1 Wood Rollers; Engines, 3 to 25 H. P., mounted or stationary.

THE ME8SINGEK MFG. CO., Tatamy.'PaJT

HORSE

THRASHERS
and CLEANERS

POWERS

Wood

Saws

One A two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PUTTERS
Tread, Perfect Governor. Feed & Ensilage uUi Itno

Write for catalogue. _ .

ELLIS KEYSTONE ABR'LWORKS, Pothtm.M

oeeeeoe' StsssseeswseeeseMMeseeososeesssesssseseseosMsswssssswisssssssss

ilOOO. CASH

Co

o

Ooc

CD

FOR BOYS, GIRLS, WOMEN MEN.

\ W Tor any boy or girl under
18 years of age railing the larg¬
est calf to lix months of age.

-VVWWW' VWV\*

any boy or girl tinder
18 years of age raising the larg¬
est colt to six months of age.

fW^Vor any boy or girl under
18 years of ago raising the larg¬
est lamb to four months old.

For anyone showing largest
gain for 10 hogs for any 90 days.

$iutash
$75 Cash
$25 Cash
$50 Cash
$25 Cash
$50 Cash

'W

$50 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$125 Cash
$25 Cash
$125 Cash

8gT“Be Sore And Stre This Premium List For Reference."'®!

Theio Premium, are open V) any Man, Woman, Boy or Girl In the world on the following condition,:
“International Stock Food” le to be fed to all competing animal*. The time limit It, for report, on
animal, and the teeti, for any time between May l«t, 1905, and May lit, 1906. You can eelect any
month, for your teat, during this ,p,clfi,d time. Wo do not require you to feed any certain amount of
‘‘International Stack Food,” but leave the matter of amount u»od to your own judgment. Feed a,
much of “International Stack Food” as you think will give you the best paying results. If two or more
make the same report the money will be divided equally. At the end of your test we require your
written statement as to time you started your test, the amount of “International Stock Food used and

the result, and this statement to be signed by yourself and two witnesses. Animals competing for one

prize must not be reported for any other prize. Each prize must be won by different animals. If any
report appears to contain a self evident error, we reserve the right of asking party to make a sworn
statement. #*-Tou Muet Send For One Of The Ban Patch Colored Lithographs, Offered Free On Thla
Page, If Von Hare F . Received One. We would like a photograph of the animal. Before and after test,
but wa do not require it. The results, including name and address, will r.e published in all
leading “Farm Papers,” having ovor Five Million Farmer Subscriber,. Premium, will be decided by ue
OB the written statements which will be open for publle Inspection at any time.

“International Stock Food”

3 FEEDS Ess ONE CENT

fy For any woman reporting
the largest amount of butter
from one cow for any 90 days.

£^»For any woman reporting
the largest amount of milk
from one cow for any 00 days.

tar For any man or woman re¬
porting the largest amount of
milkfrom5cows,forany60 day*.

'WWWWWWVV

For any man, woman or boy
raising largest number of pigs
from 5 sows to 4 months of age.

•y For any man , woman or boy
raising largest number of pigs
from 1 sow to 2 months of age.

•y For anyone reporting larg¬
est number of pigs farrowed by
one sow ;dead and ali recounted.

For anyone showing larg¬
est gain for one car load of
steers for any 90 days.

*3r For anyone showing largest
gain for two steers for any
90 days.

For anyone showing larg¬
est gain for one car lead of
hogs for any 90 days.

$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash

$50 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash
$25 Cash

93T For anyone raising the larg¬
est hog to six months of age.

fyFor anyone showing the
greatest gain for one hog for
any 90 days,

jjy-For anyone reporting the
largest gain for one mule in
any 60 days.

jjfy-For anyone reporting the
largest gain for a horse or mare
in any 60 days.

IGT" For anyone reporting small¬
est amount grain used for team
working every day any 60 days.

J^"Tor anyone reporting the
largest gain for 26 sheep for
any 90 days.

eV For anjrme reportin, the
large*, wool clip from 5 ibeep. J

W For anyone reporting larg-
eit gain in 10 iheep any 90 day,.

W For anyone reporting ,he
larges, gain for five goats for
any 90 day,.

•a- For anyone reporting larg*
e,t wool clip from five goat,.

•»-For anyone reporting the
largest numb,r of lir,t prize,
won at fair. In 1905 for one ram.

DO YOU WANT

AMY OF THE

$1000 SPOT GASH

PREMIUMS

WE OFFER FREE?

We do noi ank you to send us a cent. Our offer
is open to the world on the very easy conditions
stated below the list of cash prizes. The pre¬
miums are perfectly free and are open to any
mar woman or child. You can compete for one
or more and if successful you may earn several
hundred dollars in cash.

ABSOLUTELY FREE

Spot Cash Premiums

to encourage our friends and customers to give
a little extra care to their Horses, Cattle, Sheep,
Goats, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs and Pig*.
You stand as good a chance as anyone in
earning several hundred dollars in cash.

I, eold by over One Hundred Thousand Dealer, on a "Spot Ca.h Guarantee" that the u,e of on# ton will
Make You 1360.00 net profit over it, cort, or that one hundrod pound, will make you $18.00 net profit.
If It ever fall, your money will be promptly refunded. “International l Stoek Food” 1. prepared from
powdered medicinal Root,, Herbs, Seed, and Bark, and 1, equally good for Horse, , Cattle Sheep, Goats,
Hog,. Colts, Calve,, Lamb, or Pig,. It i , fed in small amount, mixed with grain and purifies the blood,
tone, up and rtrengthene the eyttem and greatly aid, digetion and assimilation so that each animal
obtain, mor, nutrition from all grain eaten. It will always make you more money than you can po..ibly
make without its use. It also Cures and Prevents Many form, of Disease and I, absolutely harmless
even If taken into the human .ystem . In addition to the use of “International Stoek Food making
you a largo axtra profit with your stock wo offer $1000 in cash premiums as an Incentive for you
to giva your stock a little oxtra caro. “International Stoek Food” Is endorsed by over Two

Million Formers who have been constant user, for
over fifteen years. The Editor of your “Farm Paper"
will tell you that w, always do exactly aa we agree.

Largest Stoek Food Factory In theWerld. ,

It Covers Over n City Block.

This Engraving Shows Our New
Minneapolis Faetory.

It Contains 18 Acres of Floor Spaee.

We Also Have a Large Faetery at Toronto,
Canada, Containing 60,000 Feet ef Spaee.
Capital Paid la $2,000,000.

You have as good • chance aa anyone in earning
one or more ol these spot cash premiums. They
are much larger than any “State Fair” elfers end
the honor of earning one or more of these pre¬
miums will be much greater because your name
will be published throughout the entire world. If
you desire any further information we will be
pleased to have you write us at any time. All
letters will be answered promptly as we have 300
people in our office and ISO typewriter*.

DAN PATCHES FREE

ETTO you

Lithographed In 6 Brilliant Colors,

Size 21 inches by 28 inches,

AND WITH POSTAGE PREPAID

IF YOU AHSMER THE FOLLOWING;

1 at.— How Much Stock Of All Kind* Do You Own?
2nd.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.
WRITE US TODAY

And You Will Receive This Large Colored Litho¬
graph of Dan Patch. Dan is Valued at $150,000 and

is the Fastest Harness tlorse the World Has Ever Sean.

The Colored Lithograph we will send yon is
large reproduction of the above engraving. This
is an Actual Photograph of Dan going at his
highest rate of speed. It is one of the finest
“Motion Pictures” ever taken and is as natural
as life. The size is 21 inches by 28 inches and
is free of advertising. Fine Picture for Framing.

We will be pleased to hear from you *3“ By
Return Mail and will answer you promptly.
Address your letter to

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., U. S. A.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil. In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices, JOHN H. JACK80S, 78 Third Are., Albany, H. Y.

OHIO

” Self Feed
Blower

Ensilage Cutters

will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters. Hence, they excel in the two most important points,

The new sizes will cut: — CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 14, 12 lo 16 Iona per hour In 1-2 Inch lengthe. Power 8 jo 10 H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 18»o 20 do do ° I2H.pI

And they are*so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 Seif Feed Out-
J ters, both with Blower and Chain Elevators.

More money can be made out of milk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 68^c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs 81. 0o ‘

Average net profit per cow per month on silage with

Grain $2.46^. State

Experiment Stations _ tta

have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay and 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 40 per
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silage costs about $1.50
per ton in silo. Catalog shows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of “Ohio’' Cutters. “Modern Silage
Methods” tells everything about
silage from planting to feeding
and results, Price 30c., coin or

stamp,. Manufactured to? ...

YH* SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO,,

QuakerGity Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
Ceut All TDIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
OtN I UN I nlHL horse power. Ball bear¬
ing. easy running. Freight paid. Send for free
38th Annual Catalogue.

A Ml C + vonh On 3737 Filbert St., Pbila. Pa.
The A. W. StrailD UO. 47-41) Canal St..Cbicago, Ill

The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Cutter, your Thresher, etc., easier,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any_ other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like
manner. The ideal motive power for the modern farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland. Vt.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2893.

NEW YORK, JULY 8, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

SOUTHERN FARM LABOR .

Experience With Colored Workers.

ON A LOUISIANA PLANTATION.— Within the
last few years I have had considerable to do with south¬
ern farm laborers, as I have the general oversight of
two places where they are constantly employed. One
is in central Louisiana and the other in southern Flor¬
ida. On the Louisiana plantation, which is all one great
stretch of the richest of alluvial land, where we now
have about 800 acres in crops, principally cotton, corn
and cow peas, there is a big force of laborers, and each
and every one of them is a negro. There is one white
man to attend to the management of the plaee, including
the keeping of the books, and an assistant, and it keeps
them both busy. There is also an engineer, whose sole
duty is to run and keep in order the cotton gin during
the season of ginning, which is from about September
15 until February. The regular force of colored work¬
ing people of both sexes will number near a hundred,
and in cotton picking time, when every pickaninny on
the plantation that is big enough to handle a cotton sack
is put in the field, this number is about doubled. The
growing of farm crops, especially cotton, was not our
main idea in buying and culti¬
vating land there, but pecan
orcharding.

RENTING OUT— The plan
upon which most of our crops
are grown is by renting the
land to the laborers. A very
few have teams and farm tools
of their own, and are able to
furnish themselves with pro¬
visions for man and beast, but
they are rare. We have three
such tenants, who have sev¬
eral bales of cotton of their
own stored in their yards,
which they can sell as needed
and use the proceeds as they
please. One of these three has
a good bank account besides.

He is the best farmer on the
place ; has the biggest crops per
acre and the cleanest fields.

There is a considerable propor¬
tion of the men, and a few
women, to whom we either sell
on credit or rent mules, gears
and farm tools with which to work their crops. To
such we charge the rent in one of two ways. We either
require so much in cash per acre for all the land they
engage, or such a proportion of the crop as may have
been agreed upon. From $5 to $7 per acre, according
to the condition of the land, is the price, or so many
pounds per acre of the lint cotton ; usually 80 pounds,
but less is sometimes considered fair, and as much
as 100 pounds is rarely asked and taken. There
are other tenants to whom we rent the mules, gears,
tools and furnish feed, c tton seed, corn and cow peas
for seeding, and take one-third of all crops they raise,
delivered at our gin or barn. If they furnish their
own feed we take one-fourth of what they raise. In
any of these cases the tenants are obliged to put about
one-fourth of the land to corn, with cow peas planted
between the rows when it is “laid by.” This furnishes
feed for the plantation and enriches the land. It is
naturally very rich, but cotton grown for a number
of years in succession will finally impoverish it some¬
what. No manures of any kind are used there, although
I think it might pay to apply them to the land that has
been cultivated for many years. In any of the cases
above mentioned there is no danger of the land owner
losing the rent, if the crop is good, for the seed cotton
is all brought to the gin on the place or to any other
gin he may desire, and there the cotton and seed

may be taken for the debt, even if nothing is left for
the tenant. The law protects the landlord well. Flouse
rent is always furnished free to all tenants and day
hands as well.

THE PLANTATION STORE.— It is a very com¬
mon thing on the big southern plantation to own and
operate a store or commissary, for the furnishing of the
laborers with food, clothing and other necessary sup¬
plies. We do not keep a general store, as some do,
but only the things that are really necessary; such as
meat, cornmeal, flour, soap, sugar, kerosene, working
clothes, etc. Saturday afternoons little or no work
is done, and rations are issued to all who need them.
Those who show by their work that they are worthy
of trust are given rations for a month or more at a time;
but those who are not so, or who have large debts to
pay for live stock, tools, etc., are rationed very guard¬
edly. It is not safe to give credit in excess of $5 per
acre on the land they are tending. An ordinary fam¬
ily is capable of tending about 20 acres of land, 15 of
it being in cotton and the rest in corn and cow peas.
A family usually can “make” more cotton than they
can pick, and the hiring of extra labor to pick out cot¬
ton is difficult and expensive, because it is not often to

be had at that busy season. There is no machine, as
yet, for picking cotton but the human hand. We also
have a set of “day hands,” which we often call “the
wages squad.” It is composed of men and women hired
by the day ; with them we work a crop of cotton and
other things, including a pecan nursery. They are paid
75 cents per day for men and 50 to 60 cents for women,
and work under a colored foreman, who gets $t per
day. I hired one of the best cotton farmers on the
plantation, gave him a horse to ride and orders not only
to look after the wages squad but all who are working
the entire cotton crop growing on the plantation. Of
course he works under the manager, who has supreme
command on the plantation. It is necessary to see that
everyone on the place, whether renter or day hand, is
out on time and doing his duty. The final test at the
cotton gin is at stake. If a tenant is sick he must be
helped along with his crop by a substitute, either with
or without his consent. A lazy or trifling fellow may
have to be persuaded or even forced into the field.

HOURS OF LABOR. — The hours of labor are long
on the big southern farms. One planter told me that
he followed “the eight-hour system — eight hours before
noon and eight hours after it.” That is too much to
.isk of any laborer, but it is done on some plantations.
Our big bell rings the first time before daylight, and
an hour later it sounds the call to start to the field.

About sunrise the breakfast is taken to the hands by
women or children and eaten while sitting on the
plow beams. At 12, noon, the bell rings them in, and
again at 1 P. M. it calls all to start for their teams;
hut about half an hour is allowed to get ready for the
field. At sundown the last call of the day is sounded,
and the plows are cleaned and turned upside-down.

I HE NEGRO WORKER. — The negro of the South
is a good laborer, under proper management. Lie is rea¬
sonably industrious, if he has an assurance of being
fairly treated ; which, I am sorry to say, is often not
the case. Fie is often robbed of a considerable share
of his earnings by his employer or landlord. He is
generally charged an enormous interest for all advances
in the way of money, rations, clothing, stock, imple¬
ments, etc., and his share of the crops is not always
reckoned fairly. A man from Ohio, but now living in
Louisiana, told me that lie once asked a big cotton
planter there, when they were conversing about the
labor question, what proportion of the crops grown on
his plantation he got? The bluff reply came at once:

By - I get it all.” Flowever, this is not the rule,

and many of the tenants or work hands are treated
fairly, and get all they earn, and sometimes more. They

often have good clothes, horses,
buggies and live well. But the
negroes, as a race, are a shift¬
less, improvident set. If they
were not guided by wiser
heads and often with stronger
hands they would make noth¬
ing for either their employers
or themselves. They really
need the white man to oversee
them, and sometimes to com¬
pel them to work. Many of
them are glad to have it so.
They are much like a “pack
of children,” as our manager
said one day. It requires a
great store of patience, as well
as tact, to get them to do any¬
where near their duty. When
I was trying to hire our best
tenant to act as foreman, he
said : “No, boss, I couldn’t

do it. I wouldn’t work them
lazy, triflin’ niggas for $50 a
month. I’d have to kill some
of ’em befo’ de crop season
was ovah. You don’t know these niggas like I does.”
They are often untrustworthy and proverbially deceit¬
ful. They will steal anything they can find. We have
often had the plow lines, collars, clevises, etc., taken
by those who were working with them, or from each
other’s outfits. To show how sly they are, let me tell
what occurred while we were planting the pecan nur¬
sery last March. There were seven women dropping
pecans, while the men and mules were opening the
furrows and covering them. I noticed that one of the
women was putting some of the pecans in her bosom
while she was filling her bucket out of a sack, but she
did not know it. So I thought I would look over the
entire squad. There was one other who looked too full
in front, but I never said a word until noon. Then the
droppers all came to the end of the rows and were
ordered to empty what they had in all their buckets
into two of them, so they could be taken to the com¬
missary for safe keeping until after dinner. When all
were emptied, I said, pointing to the two who had ^
unnaturally full bosoms: “Now you may put what
you have in your clothes into the buckets.” They tried
to look astonished and ignorant of what I meant. But
I reached to one of them and poked her dress waist
so the pecans rattled, and said : “Oh, shell them out,
you’re too full here.” Without a word they slowly and
sneakingly reached in next the skin and brought out

*

WORK SCENE ON A SOUTFIERN PLANTATION. Fig. 216.

5x8

July 8,

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

handful after handful until they each got about a quart..
“Now,” I said, “the next time you ‘get religion’ I want
the preacher to keep you under the water about an
hour, so you won’t steal any more pecans. I’m a
Yankee, and have eyes before and behind. You two
needn’t come back to work after dinner.” They are
all Baptists, and often “get religion.” We were then
almost beside the church building that belongs to the
plantation, and is for their use.

FLORIDA EXPERIENCE. — At our fruit farm
near Miami, Florida, the labor question is a very dif¬
ferent one from that in Louisiana. We have both white
and negro laborers. The former we pay from $2 per
day to $1.25, which latter is the same that we give the
negro men. We have had to pay them $1.50 for ordi¬
nary labor in clearing land, plowing, etc. 'I hey all
lodge and board themselves, except as we furnish
houses and charge rent for them. Ten hours is a day’s
work there, and the men are very strict about quitting
on time. We often let jobs to be done by contract, but
there is so much cheating in the way the work is done
that our superintendent has to be present in the field
a good part of the time. They will not do one stroke
more than is impossible to avoid. Laborers are in good
demand and very independent. The best ones are the
older men and women, who were once slaves. The
young ones have no training to work, but do as they
please, and that is very little. A few are provident
enough to buy or make homes of their own, but the
general rule is to live from hand to mouth, and never
work a stroke while there is a thing in sight to fill
the mouth. h. e. van deman.

THE BABCOCK TEST IN SCHOOL

The accompanying picture, Fig. 217, shows the district
school at work making a Babcock test. 1 here is Dwight
turning the machine and Don holding the watch and
counting to see that the machine is up to speed. Little
Ella is assisting Daisy in securing a pipette of milk for
another test, while Paul is Willie’s assistant for the
same work. Arthur, Lynn and Lewis are reading test
bottles to find the per cent of fat in the previous test.
Lloyd is measuring out acid to add to a sample of milk
as soon as the sample is ready and in the bottle. Walter
has done his duty, and is seeing that the rest do theirs.
Neva and Maude are busy filling pipettes and test bottles,
and Ray and Ruth are helpers. The testing outfit was
loaned the school by D. H. Burrell & Co. It consists
of a four-bottle machine with glassware, including bot¬
tles, a pipette, an acid measure and a bottle of acid.
This was supplemented by some glassware from nearby
sources. The cost of such an outfit is $5. Used in this
way it is a means of imparting instruction that is useful.
It affords opportunity for a little broader knowledge and
makes certain lines of instruction mean more because of
greater practicality. It gives an excellent training in
accuracy, for no one can mal a really good test without
being accurate.

The little cups of brass used in this machine are for
hot water, in which the test bottle is set while being
whirled. The water keeps the temperature up to the
proper point, so that the fat does not harden, or shrink
too much. As to the necessity for careful practice in
reading tests, I submit the following table, showing
independent readings of a number of pupils, with little
or no practice; also the reading made by a more expe¬
rienced person. These pupils were from 12 to 10 years
of age.

Test No.

1

2

3

4

-5

6

7

Pupil No.

(4 44

1.

.3.8

3.6

4.4

3.8

2.

.3.0

3.6

4.1

r>.

6.

4.1

44 44

3.

. 3.8

3.4

3.8

5.

6.

4.8

3.8

44 44

4.

3.4

5.

5.8

4.6

3.7

44 44

5.

.3.8

3.4

3.8

4.8

5.9

4.6

3.6

44 44

0.

.4.

3.6

4.

5.

6.

4.8

3.8

44 44

7.

.3.8

3.4

4.

5.

6.

4.8

4.

44 44

8.

.4.

3.6

3.8

5.

6.

4.6

4.

44 4 4

9.

.3.8

3.6

4.

r*.

6.

4.6

3.9

Teacher

3.7

3.8

4.9

6.

4.6

3.8

H. H. L.

EXPERIENCE WITH ALFALFA IN NORTH
CAROLINA.

I became interested in and began studying Alfalfa
about 15 years ago. In the Spring of 1892 I made my
first experiment by sowing a small plot of dark gravelly
soil in Alfalfa with Spring oats, and succeeded in get¬
ting a very good stand. I clipped it twice that year,
and during the next season, 1893, it produced three good
crops, but in August the leaves turned yellow, and it
was evident that something was wrong. In May of 1894
1 cut one fairly good crop as to growth, but it having
died out and become rather thin during the previous
Fall and Winter I plowed it up. In September of that
year I again seeded the same plot of ground, but the
result was not satisfactory. Upon examination, I found
that underlying this land about 18 or 20 inches from the
surface there was a bed of soft half-decomposed granite
rock, which prevented drainage and the roots of the
Alfalfa from going down. In November, 1899, I pur¬
chased another tract of land, on 20 acres of which the
original soil was a dark chocolate, with a good stiff red

clay subsoil. This land has been in cultivation for 20 or
25 years, and was exhausted, washed and worn so that
very little of the native soil remained. It is situated on
a high ridge, that is of a dry and thirsty nature. I
selected an acre and a quarter and commenced to pre¬
pare it for Alfalfa during the early part of 1900, by
plowing deep and subsoiling well to break up the hard-
pan and clay. I manured with stable manure, and
seeded it to wheat in the Fall. When the wheat was
harvested in 1901 the ground was prepared and sowed

COUNTRY SCHOOL MAKING BABCOCK TEST. Fig. 217

in Clay peas. This cultivation was repeated again next
year. In October, 1902, I again sowed it in wheat, and
in March, 1903, after harrowing well both ways, sowed
30 pounds of Alfalfa seed and secured a splendid stand,
but in a short while after the wheat was cut the young,
tender, delicate Alfalfa plants disappeared. Seeing that
it would not do to seed with a “nurse crop” in this
climate, I again set to work in November, 1903, thor¬
oughly to prepare the same land for Alfalfa. During
the Winter it was given a good coat of stable manure,
and in March, 1904, I again plowed deep, using a two-
horse subsoil plow in the furrow after the turn plow;
put on one ton of prepared lime, and disked until the
land was a perfect seed bed. Then 600 pounds of bone
meal and 30 pounds of Alfalfa seed were put in with a
drill. The land was harrowed with a fine-tooth smooth¬
ing harrow and rolled.

The seed came up even and thick, making a good
stand. About the last of May I noticed that the plants
were turning yellow. Believing that it needed inocula¬
tion, I ordered 400 pounds of soil taken from a field
that had been in Alfalfa for 15 years. This soil was
applied to a small portion of the square at the rate of
100 pounds per acre, and the rest at the rate of 300
pounds per acre. After three weeks the yellow leaves
disappeared where the heavier application was made,
but on the other portion there were yellow spots that
remained, and now scarcely any plants of Alfalfa are
alive where these spots were, and consequently there
is not more than two-thirds of a stand on this end of
the plot. About two months after applying the inocu¬
lating soil, upon examination, I found nodules on the
roots of the plants. It was clipped three times during
the season, leaving the clipping on the land as a mulch.
Last Winter stable manure was applied as a top-dress¬
ing. The first cutting was made May 15, when it was
about one-half in bloom. The yield was between 6,000

rUGET SOUND TOMATO THANTS. Fig. 218.

and 7,000 pounds of good, well-cured hay, without
damage by rain. A friend called to see it after it was
put in the mow, and said, .as he came out of the barn :
“I have never before been in a barn with such a delight¬
ful odor.”

The second crop was cut on June 16, when about one-
third of the bloom had appeared. As it has not been
cured and housed, I cannot tell how the yield will com¬
pare with the first, but it will be somewhat less. In
the “school of experience” I have gained much valuable
information in regard to Alfalfa, which has many pe¬
culiarities of its own, as well as virtues and desirable
qualities to commend it to the farmer. That it can be

successfully grown in this section of the country I feel
assured, but the land must be rich naturally, or made
so, plowed deep and well prepared, limed, inoculated
and seeded with the best of clean seed.

Greensboro, N. C. samuel l. trogdon.

NOTES ON ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

An Old Bed of Conover’s Colossal.

Seeing your note on culture of asparagus, page 407,

I would like to give M. M. a little of our experience.
Twenty-two years ago we cleared a spot of new ground
and sowed asparagus seed (Conover’s Colossal) ; the
following Spring transplanted, and in the Spring of
1885 began to cut for the table. The bed has hail no
other care than plowing the sod off and spreading
manure on, and this Spring it seems to be doing better
than ever. We had our first cutting May 6, which is
somewhat later than common on account of the back¬
ward season. One of our new customers says it is
“decidedly the best asparagus he has ever eaten.”

Mancelona, Mich. d. u.

A Long Island Grower Talks.

When we set out our beds we plowed the ground
first, then opened trenches with the plow by going twice
in a trench and then a board over the mold board the
last time to carry the earth off, but this was hard for
the team. I have since heard of an easier way, but
have not tried it. If you wish to put the trenches
six feet apart start a back-furrow three feet from
where you wish the trench to-be; plow a couple of
rounds, then start another back-furrow six feet from
the first. A few rounds will bring a middle or dead
furrow, and so on over the whole field. It will be eas¬
ier for the team to plow deep in this middle furrow,
and you will have more room to set the plants. We
filled our trenches the first year planted ; that is, filled
them in as the plants grew ; have since heard it is best
not to level the first year. When old enough to cut we
followed the plan of plowing back furrows on to the
rows, and then ridging with a ridger, a tool something
like a potato coverer, only larger. For green or white
“grass” this seems to be the best way, as it saves your
back, and by running the ridger once a week it keeps
the weeds down. We do not use the ordinary plow
nowadays in ridging, as we would get the ridges to one
side or the other by its use. I took Clark’s Cutaway
orchard plow, removed the three straight disks, and
replaced them with two from the other side, first bor¬
ing holes and placing the standards on an angle, four
cutting disks pulling against each other, or two pulling
against the other two. With two of the disks on the
other side and one of the straight disks on the outside
of this side to balance it we can do very good work,
and get our ridges in the middle. To plow the ridges
down after the cutting is over we reverse the disks, and
once over the row does the business with one team.
Then an Acme crossways in a few days or a week, a
weeder until the brush grows too high, then a one-
horse cultivator. g. p.

Long Island. _

PUGET SOUND TOMATOES.

Fig. 218 shows a few sample tomato plants. The past
Spring season on Puget Sound has been very favorable
to the growth of early tomato plants, especially so to
those who through the lack of proper appliances have
had more or less difficulty in past seasons. Commercial
tomato growing on Puget Sound is an art in itself,
owing the the peculiar climatic conditions, cool nights,
early and late rains, a combination that is both touchy
and exacting, requiring of the grower much care and
forethought. There is no such thing as an “early”
tomato and a “late” tomato here. While it is possible
to grow late tomatoes, as a commercial possibility they
will not do, so far as my experience goes and that of
many of my fellow growers. The Early Ruby is the
only commercial tomato for Puget Sound. Some grow¬
ers have what is known as the Atlantic Prize. My ex¬
perience proves that both tomatoes are the same, and
so far I hold that opinion. Earliana and Nolte’s Ear¬
liest have failed under my hand to equal the Ruby. In
fact, after seven years’ experience in tomato growing
on Puget Sound, testing two or more varieties every
year, the Early Ruby or the Atlantic Prize are the only
possible commercial varieties.

I should like to take up this question with some of
your readers: Does it pay to pot plants? Fig. 218 is
an object lesson on that subject. The left hand plant is
in a three-inch pot; the next in a two-inch pot. Look
close and you will note the two-inch pot below the ball
of earth. The next plant is a regular cold frame plant ;
the next shows the root growth of a frame plant. The
verdict of the photograph seems to show that the frame
plant is the most superior of the lot, and the field results
so far are also in favor of the frame plant, and the two-
inch potted plant against the plant in the three-inch pot.
However, there is much that can be said pro and con
on the subject, and I would like to hear what some of
your readers have to say about it. j. p mckail.

Washington.

1905.

5i9

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

A PENNSYLVANIA FARMER ON LIME.

I have used lime for agricultural purposes for 25
years, always with good results ; often the increase in
the first crop more than pays for the lime. Any farm
that has been under cultivation for many years will be
greatly benefited by the judicious use of lime. An ex¬
ample or two will illustrate. Meeting an old acquaint¬
ance in August, some years ago, I asked : “Are you
through haying?” “I guess so,” was his reply; “some
of it was so poor I cut it for the looks, but will not
draw it in.” I then asked: “How many acres did you
mow, and how much hay did you get?” He replied
60 acres, and got 28 tons. I said: “You foolish man;
how many acres do you intend to seed with oats next
Spring?” He said 10 acres. After advising him to get
a car of lime to use with as much stable manure as he
could spare from his other crops, we parted. I met
him again some years later (in August) and asked:
“Are you through haying?” “Finished last week,” he
replied. “How many acres did you mow, and how
much hay did you get?” “Mowed 30 acres, and my
barns wouldn’t hold it.”

Another illustration: A neighbor of mine fertilized
his farm excessively with stable manure for many
years, when it became so sour and filled with vegetable
matter that a good crop could not be grown. Studying
the situation, he asked me which I would recommend,
phosphate or lime. I said lime, by all means.

This advice he followed, and now cuts enor¬
mous crops of hay of the finest quality.

I claim four things for lime: It neutralizes
the acidity of the soil and sweetens it. It
attacks all vegetable matter with which it
comes in contact, decomposes it and fits it for
plant food. Lime enters into the composition
of all vegetable growth, especially grain and
hay. Lime is warming to the soil. The best
time to use lime is when seeding, either with
oats, rye, barley or grass seed alone ; either
Spring or Fall seeding. At first I used lump
lime, putting one-ha"' bushel in a pile at regular
distances, upon ground previously plowed, and
covered with earth ; left it a few days to slake,
then spread, but found some lumps would not
slake, while others would granulate to the size
of rice. I now put a load (a ton or more) in
a place; draw water and put on it, pulling it
apart so the water can penetrate it. It takes
about 60 gallons of water to slake a ton of
lime. In this way it all or nearly all slakes,
and in much less time, and will be more like
flour; the finer it is and the more thoroughly
it is mixed with the soil the better the results.

Reload and spread on the ground previously
plowed. Use some stable manure if you have
it ; harrow thoroughly and seed ; finish with
bush and roller.

I prefer the wood-burnt lime screenings from
the Glens Falls region in New York to the
coal-burnt lime from Pennsylvania or New
Jersey; it costs more per ton, but is stronger.

I slake the screenings the same way that I do
the lump lime. Lime should not be used as a
top-dressing, as it is so strong it burns the
tender plants and defeats our object. One
application of lime can be used by itself with¬
out manure if we do not have it, and have
good results. This gives a man who has a
run-down farm and no manure a chance to
get a start, but do not sell what you raise;
return it in some shape to the soil. The next rotation
use stable manure (the more the better) with the lime.
For the first application of lime use 1(4 ton wood-burned
lime or two tons Pennsylvania or New Jersey lime to
the acre. The next rotation, five or seven years later,
one ton will be sufficient, with as much stable manure
as you can get.

A ton of quicklime, after being slaked, will weigh
about 2,600 pounds ; it is better to buy the quicklime
and add the water than to pay for the increased weight.
My method of rotation is, first year, hoed crops, sowed
corn, millet, etc., with stable manure on them all ; sec¬
ond year, use the lime when seeding down. I sow 16
quarts Timothy seed to the acre, usually with a cover
crop, as oats. I sow all Timothy, as I make a specialty
of Timothy hay for market. I return this to the farm
by buying stable manure. I usually mow five years.
When I came here I could not get three-fourths ton of
hay to the acre; now my average is 1(4 ton per acre
for all I mow. I sometimes want to get a piece of sod
ground into gia.s again immediately. I then plow, use
stable manure and lime, seed to grass at once; this can
be done either Fall or Spring. I never fail to get a
good “catch” by this method. My advice is to use some
lime on all the old farms. It must not be imagined,
however, that the use of lime renders fertilizing material
unnecessary, but never mix it with acid phosphate.

Susquehanna Co., Pa. m. o. rounds.

SHORT STORIES.

INCUBATOR IN BEEHIVE. — Seeing your explana¬
tion concerning hatching eggs in a beehive, I want to
just say a few words. Hatching eggs in a beehive is
an impossibility if only the heat generated from the bee
is used, as the temperature of a cluster of bees is 98
degrees F., and the bee queen’s eggs are hatched and
brood kept at about that temperature. Eggs kept above
frames of brood in a beehive would be a few degrees
below that, and about 103 degrees are necessary for
hatching hens’ eggs. The old man who was sick might
have been used as an incubator, provided his fever had
been 103, but if his temperature was normal (98(4) he
undoubtedly could not be used as a successful incubator.

Illinois. J. E. JOHNSON.

HARVESTING RASPBERRIES BY MACHIN¬
ERY. — I have been in this business more or less for
12 years, and I always gather my blackcaps with har¬
vesters, as I think it is much cheaper. The frame is
perhaps not far from four feet long and about two feet
wide (I do not speak for sure, as my harvesters are all
on my other farm at present). They have handles and
a frame around the cloth so as to hold the berries. I
have two kinds of harvesters; one is the Horton (the
one I like best). If you have careful workers they will
waste no more berries than by the hand pickers. A
great many berries are raised around in this section, and

nearly all are gathered in this way. I have had four
tons of dried berries, although at present have not as
large an acreage as then, but will have in a couple of
years. You know where so many berries are raised all
could not get hand pickers enough, and to send away
they would have to be boarded and would be expensive.
I sometimes have my first year-old bushes picked by
hand, but not very often. I pay good, steady, careful
workers $1.50 per day and board and lodge them, but
they help about my chores on the farm night and morn¬
ing. A great many get help for $1 or $1.25, but I prefer
to have good help if I pay more; I think it is cheaper.
I am well satisfied with this way and shall pick mine
with harvesters. They have a sort of paddle and a
hook perhaps a foot and a half long that they bring
the bushes just above the harvester with, and a very
light tap with the paddle will cause the ripe berries to
fall off. If hit too hard too many red ones come off,
and are not as salable ; it takes some experience to hit
just right. EUGENE PADDOCK.

WORKING FOR ALFALFA.— I am trying three
acres of Alfalfa again. I plowed the ground early in
Spring, and worked it every few days until two weeks
since, or about the time I saw that advice in “Hope
Farm Notes,” and that rather discouraged me. But
having my ground in such fine shape, seed purchased
(66 pounds, 22 pounds per acre), I concluded to try it.
I sowed it both ways with a Cyclone seeder, and ran

the weeder over it. I also sowed some soil from my
mother’s Alfalfa field in Maryland, and just as we fin¬
ished we had one of the most violent rainstorms 1 wit¬
nessed for many a day. The rain fell in torrents, and
washed the fields in a sickening manner, and then fol¬
lowed up next day with a very high wind. While be¬
tween the wind, hot sun and my neglecting to follow
with weeder again, Alfalfa is having a pretty hard time
of it, in places it is as thick as it can stand, in others
scarcely any at all. But I shall let it go and have that
piece of ground inoculated with the bacteria which be¬
longs to the plant. b. r. b.

Waynesboro, Pa.

RENTING MACHINERY. — In reply to a question
about renting or hiring farm machinery, the custom
here has been to pay a certain sum per acre for the use
of various kinds of farm implements, such as mowers,
harvesters, corn binders, listers, press drills, seeders,
etc., the price usually depending on the cost of the ma¬
chine and wear of same. a. m.

STACKING CORN FODDER.— On page 425 inquiry
is made about long fodder stacks. We have always
made such stacks by first laying three heavy rails or
poles eight or nine feet apart, and then placing other
rails at right angles, allowing them to extend 18 or 20
inches on the outside, and 18 inches apart. This
makes a floor which holds the fodder from the
ground and prevents freezing fast and
spoiling the bottom of the stack. We begin
the stack by laying three or four bundles to¬
gether, lengthwise, in the middle of the stack
the entire length in order to raise the middle ;
then begin to lay crosswise in regular courses
on each side, butts out, till the entire width
of the frame is filled. The number of courses
will depend on the length of fodder and width
of frame. Bundles are usually lapped to the
band. Repeat, without laying any bundles the
long way, till the stack is the desired height, al¬
ways keeping the middle high, so that the stalks
will have some outward pitch like a roof. In
order to raise the center place bundles heads
to butts alternately, in the center row. After
the stack is as high as you wish raise the center
for the roof by placing bundles lengthwise as
at the beginning and draw in each course as
much as possible till a single row of bundles
will cover each side, then take well-tied, good-
sized bundles, divide them evei%, and set them
astride the top. 1 his makes the comb, and if
the work has been well done the fodder will
save as well as if it were put in a barn. In
order to make the bundles easy to get out
always begin to stack at the end opposite the
one from which you wish to feed; then they
will not be bound by bundles of the same row.
Easton, Pa. j. f. e.

AN EXPERIENCE WITH DYNAMITE.

A little over a year ago I employed a man
to deepen a well by boring with a two-inch
auger. He brought with him two sticks of
dynamite and two caps. When he quit work
for the evening he put them in an open box in
the wagon shed. I moved the dynamite to a
safer place, but did not know about or see the
caps. Before he had occasion to move the
dynamite there was a hard wind that moved
things about a good deal, so that when he came
to move it he could not find the caps, and sup¬
posed that the paper they were wrapped in had
been carried out of place by the wind. In the meantime
I found a nice, strong sucking pig dead in the wagon
shed, where the box was in which the dynamite and
caps were placed. The pig’s nose was crushed, as
though it had been stepped on by a horse, but I could
not understand how a horse could do it, and if he did,
why the pig should be killed instantly. When I learned
that the caps were lost I did some careful hunting about
the shed to try to find them, but to no avail. It was
with considerable fear that we worked about the shed ;
a person stepping on a cap, or dropping something on
it, or a horse stepping on it, might explode it. In case
of explosion by stepping on it a crippled foot would be
the probable result. A few days after the man quit his
experiments in the well I found another pig dead in
the shed with its nose crushed like the first one. This
second loss explained what became of the caps. Each
pig had found one and tried to bite it, the explosion
crushing the nose and causing instant death. This try¬
ing to get water in a cheap way was increased in cost
about one-half by the loss of the pigs. Still I was glad
to be certain that the caps were accounted for. Work¬
men often become entirely too careless in handling
explosives. The frequent accidents in large cities show
that ordinances regarding explosives are persistently
ignored. John m. jamison.

Ohio.

WELL-GROWN SPIRAEA (ARUNCUS ASTILBOIDES). Fig. 219.

See Ruralisms, Page 522.

520

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 8,

FARMER? CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

NOTES ON ASPARAGUS.

The asparagus crop here this season
with us fell off 20 per cent. In some
places it is dying out, caused partly by
rust. The rust is pretty bad every sea¬
son except the extremely dry ones. We
have not found any safe way of fighting
the disease. In this locality they are plant¬
ing new fields every season and think it
will pay as well as any other crops we
raise. Fertilizers most largely used here
are stable and barnyard manures. Care
of fields is to cultivate as much as possible
to keep free from weeds, which is a hard
job, and a good many weeds get the best
of us and go to seed. asa shepard.

Iowa.

Rust has not seriously troubled me,
whether because of my treatment or good
luck I cannot say. My field, one and one-
half acres, is mostly Moore’s Cross-bred,
or now called Giant. I have some of the
Donald’s Elmira, but I can see very little
difference. It all makes a good growth
when well fed and cultivated. I set the
roots about six to seven inches deep, and
do not cut until the third season after
setting. I like to use a good supply of
stable manure when setting, and find I
have to apply considerable in after years
to keep the soil supplied with humus, as
I cannot or have not been able to practice
green manuring with asparagus, but I
rely mostly upon chemical fertilizers to
feed the crop. I used this season nearly
1,500 pounds of a high-grade potato fer¬
tilizer per acre sown over the rows in
early Spring, and well worked in with a
Cutaway harrow. Just as the “grass” be¬
gins to show I bed up the rows to make
it better cutting, and enable the weeder
to do better work in keeping down the
weeds in cutting time. I usually cut un¬
til about June 20, and cut clean all the
time to keep beetles from breeding. As
soon as done cutting, I mean to clean out
the bed thoroughly, giving it a harrowing
and good scratching with the weeder,
after sowing about 300 pounds per acre
of nitrate of soda. I have tried to keep
weeds from going to seed on the bed, and
I mean to remove the seed stalks before
the berries fall. My field this season has
yielded nearlv its usual crop, but growth
has been hindered some by cold and

drought. Asparagus with me has 'been

my surest profitable crop, and the only
reason I have not planted more extensive¬
ly is want of suitable soil. Price this
season has been very high, and my finan¬
cial returns are best I ever had.

Massachusetts. m. morse.

The market price last year was con¬

siderably lower than it had been for two
or three former years ; the yield was con¬
siderably better than it had been for two
or three former years ; the rust was not
as bad year before last as it has been,
which accounted for the increase in yield
last year. The rust was worse last year
than year before, but some of the patches
that almost escaped the rust last year are
not cutting as well this as they did last
year. The cool weather probably had
something to do with it, but I doubt if
that is the entire cause. As to recom¬
mending larger planting, I do not care to
do so. It is a lottery any way. like most
of other farming. There appears to be
a distinction in asparagus as to varieties,
but no one claimed variety will produce
the same asparagus, even if the seed was
gathered from the identical plant; the
cause I do not know. I think the only
way to improve asparagus is to select
from selected and developed well-grown
plants from year to year. While grow¬
ing the plants for market purposes I
saved my own seeds by careful selection

from the best spears in the best patches
about the country, yet all the plants did
not produce the same size when cutting.
Some were very fine and some were
smaller. grower.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

HARDY ONIONS.

The Welsh onion, or ciboule, as the
French call it, Allium fistulosum, is very
fine to use green in the Spring for bunch¬
ing like the Egyptian tree onion, and can
stand as much frost or more; growing
from black seeds it is much cheaper. I
have wondered why they are not culti¬
vated in this country. I have had it for
about five years ; the leading seedsmen
do not catalogue it. There is very little
demand for it at present, and “'1 he New
Onion Culture” does not mention it at all.
The seeds can be sown from early in the
Spring till about September in this lati¬
tude. There are two varieties, the white
and yellow. They can be sown in rows
about one inch apart or closer in rows one
foot apart or more. The seeds sown in
the Spring are good to use in Summer
and Fall. This kind of onion does best
in sandy ground enriched with well-rotted
manure. When you have it once in the
garden it will last a lifetime. Chopped
fine it is good in salads, also in omelette ;
very good for poultry, etc. Why not try
some this year? The seed ripens in June
and July, and can be sown in Summer and
Fall. The seeds are good for two years
and more if kept the way it is grown.

Hardy onions can be sown as late as
September in this locality, but a good
many are disappointed ; sometimes the
seeds will not germinate, or the seedlings
damp off, and the maggots eat them. Mr.
Greiner complains that the seeds did not
come up well last Summer, and says the
Welsh onion germinates much better.
This is true, and the maggots do not eat
them either. They are just as good and
come two weeks before the hardy onion.
I believe that any onion can be hardy.
Frizetaker, Queen, Barletta and many
others will be hardy if they are grown in
this climate. The seeds grown in Califor¬
nia, Italy and south of France are not
hardy. There is nothing new about hardy
onions; my grandfather had them 75
years ago. Almost anyone can raise seed
of them. When bunching them in the
Spring choose the finest and earliest;
when you have enough plant them in rows
six inches apart, and rows at least two
feet from each other. Clean them from
weeds; they will keep without other care
till next Spring. Don’t plant them where
water is stagnant, because they cannot
stand that. It would be good to cover
them with straw or salt hay ; snow is the
best covering. About March 15 they can
be uncovered. What is required after
that is to keep out the weeds. When
they commence to throw the flowering
stem cover the bulbs with soil at least six
inches, so the wind will not blow them
down. They can be tied to a stick. They
get ripe in July, when the seed is black
and the stem yellow. They can be cut
down and put on canvas for a few days in
the sun to dry. They must be put inside
at night; the dew and rain might spoil
them. Do not dig the old roots; cut out
the stem close to the ground and let them
remain for four or five years; after that
they need to be renewed, because they
would run out.

Care of the Seeds. — It is very import¬
ant to use only well-ripened seeds. It is
very easy to know by the weight and the
color, and the organs inside, when they
are well filled when cut in two in the mid¬
dle. This is not only true for onions, but
for all kinds of seeds. The onions that
are in the market are generally weak and
are only good for one year. It is better
to keep them in their natural clothes;
when you need them you can thrash them
and sow them right away. To be sure
when they are good put them in water;
the bad ones come on top and the good
stay in the bottom. henri beaulieu.

Long Island.

Cow Peas in Northern New Jersey.

M. M., Englewood , X. J. — How late can I
sow cow peas for a profit as a soil im¬
prover, and how much per acre should be
sown ?

Ans. — We have sown cow peas as late
as the middle of July, and obtained a fair
growth of vine. Of course you cannot
get seed with this late planting. We use
three pecks of seed to the acre when
drilling or five pecks sown broadcast.

Pasture for Milch Cow.

J. G., Buffalo, X. Y. — What is the best
kind of seed to sow for pasture for a milch
cow, and how much should I sow to the
acre ?

Ans. — For permanent pasture we should
sow about four quarts each White and
Red clover and six quarts each Timothy
and Red-top. If the land was moist we
would drop the Timothy and use Orchard
grass instead. This is rather a heavy
seeding to some men’s mind, but we think
it pays to use plenty of seed.

Feeding Potatoes to Pigs.

New potatoes being cheap, will it pay
to cook them for pigs? What is the fatten¬
ing rate of a bushel of potatoes to a bushel
of corn. u. i>. b. -

Berkley, Va.

Here is a fair comparison of potatoes
with corn :

Pounds in One Ton.

Protein. Fat formers. Fat.

Corn . 170 1,200 05

Potatoes . 42 440 4

The actual feeding value of the pota¬
toes is a little more than one-fourth that
of the corn. The potatoes must be cooked
before they are fed. At present prices it
will pay to feed potatoes. We would like
to add wheat bran or meat of some kind
to them.

Cornus Sanguinea.

8. M. B., Trummsburg , X. Y. — Will you
tell a reader the good and poor qualities of
Cornus sanguinea ? I have ordered one
for a bleak and conspicuous place five feet
south of the house, but on reflection thought
it best to ask for knowledge of it before
setting it out. We are half way between
Ithaca and Watkins.

Ans. — Cornus sanguinea is a very
hardy and attractive shrub, the bright red
branches being especially beautiful ' in
Winter, when bare of foliage. It is
healthy, exceedingly hardy, and there are
no objections to it that we are aware of,
except that it is straggling in growth, and
is likely to send up suckers some distance
away from the parent plant, but is very
easily kept in control. It seldom grows
very high, the tallest sprouts reaching
four or five feet. The clusters of white
flowers are very pretty in May. This plant
is often called Red Osier dogwood.

Rose Beetles on Grapes.

G. II . G., Chicago, 111. — For several years
I lost about all my grapes on my Summer
home farm in Van Buren Co., Mich., by
the long, black Rose bugs. They would light
upon and cover the vines when the tiny
clusters were just out of the blossom, and
in two or three days strip the whole patch.
What can I do to save my grapes?

Ans. — The Rose bug or beetle is a very
destructive pest to young grapes and also
to many flowering plants. It is very diffi¬
cult to control. Hand picking or jarring
into a vessel of water containing a little
kerosene in the early morning when they
are more or less dormant is about the
most reliable way to save the grapes. An¬
other promising treatment is to syringe
them forcibly, with water heated to 120 de¬
grees. It must not be hotter than this,
as it would injure the grapes, and it can¬
not be much cooler, or it will not disturb
the beetles. The problem is to get the
water on the beetles at just about the tem¬
perature mentioned, 120 degrees. The
treatment is more effective if one ounce
of hellebore is stirred in each gallon of
the hot water just before syringing.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BORDEAUX MIXTURE

used now will increase your yield of Potatoes SOp.c.
STEDEM’S CONCENTRATED BORDEAUX
saves you trouble and expense Add water, and it is
ready for spraying.

1 gallon mixed with 49 gallons of water, costs only 75e.
One barrel, making 2,500 gallons, costs only $25.00
(See article on use of Bordeaux Mixture in Rurai,
New-Yorker, page 470, June 17.) Order from Seeds¬
men or direct from STEDEM & SONS,

1806 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia* Pa.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES i PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

c

RIMSON CLOVEI

n

Nature’s Fertiliser and Ideal 'Hay
Crop. New circular describing its H
merits and why every Farmer and
Trucker should plant it, mailed FREE. Write for
prices, also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, Pa.

r? A I I?— Crimson Clover Seed,

■ V/ rw O M k, EL $4.50 per bushel; Cow
Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

DCAI1V NOW 250 bushels 1905 crop CRIMSON
(lL/UH llUfl, CLOVER SEEDS, Delaware
grown. No weeds. E. G. PACKARD. Dover, Del.

CELERY

and Cabbage Plants. Very

_ _ _ _ strong. The plants have an

average of four square inches of space each over the
whole field. $1,1,000; $4.50, 5,000; 70c. 500. CELERY-
Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, Golden Self Blanching,
White Plume. CABBAGE-Danish Ballhead, Flat
Dutch, Surehead. F.W. ROCHELLE, Chester, N. J.

CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS,

SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Delaware.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS CELERY ! White Plume,
Giant Pascal, and ether varieties, 1,000, $1.00; 10,000
$8.50; transplanted, 1,000, $2. Cabbage and Tomatoes,
same prices. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

CELERY and CABBAGE PLANTS

FOR SALE — Leading varieties, carefully packed
with moss in baskets, t. o. b. here. Write for prices.
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15.
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y.

next June, if planted this Summer.

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

offers a choice line of these; also Celery,
Cabbage, Cauliflower and other season¬
able plants. Write for copy, FREE.

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut SUPbila., Pa.

TREES

SHRUBS

ROSES

The largest and most com¬
plete collections in America,
including all desirable nov¬
elties. Illustrated descrip¬
tive catalogue free. Gold
Medal— Paris, Pan-American,
St. Louis. 102 prizes New York
State Fair, 1904.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope ^Nurserle**
Drawer 1044 — I, Rochester, N.Y.

Established lSJfi.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
’ fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-

’bution to planters.— Stark_Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

POT GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS^LK

will fruit next season. Send for list. Order now.
BARNES BROS. NURSEB-Y, Box 8, Yalesville, Ct.

Potted StraAV berry Plants

List Free. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, New Jersey.

DWYER S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected Stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
P rndl 1 PP a Full Crnn in IMOR Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to
r,UUUtC a r u" V'rUD m our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty

for many years. It you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT AND ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES, PLANTS, VINES, ETC., for Fall planting— all grown on our home grounds and
guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all its branches.
Our catalogue mailed free. Write now. T. J. DWYER & COMPANY, P. O.BOX 1, CORNWALL, N.Y.

TREES

Cg PER IOO FREIGHT PAID £pp,le' P?ar\^lum' Cherry, Peach and Carolina

rtn IUUj rntiun I rHIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumieated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N Y.

/

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

521

GREENHOUSE WORK IN JULY.

Chrysanthemums form one of the
most important Autumn crops in the
greenhouse, and it is now quite time that
the young stock of these beautiful flowers
should be planted on the benches where
they are to bloom. In order to produce
the large and long-stemmed Chrysanthe¬
mum flowers that are now demanded, it
becomes necessary to plant the young
plants in rich soil, similar to that in which
roses are forced and also to throw all the
strength of the plants into a very few
flowers. To do this the growth of the
plant is confined to from one to three
shoots, and these are carefully tied up
and disbudded, and as the growth pro¬
gresses the plants are given additional
stimulation in the form of cow manure,
poudrette, dried blood and other fertiliz¬
ers the extra feeding of this character be¬
ing changed from time to time to prevent
souring the soil and giving the plants a
kind of indigestion. The time of flower¬
ing varies with the different varieties, and
in selecting a list it would be wise for a
beginner to be guided by the catalogue of
some Chrysanthemum specialist, from
which could be had reliable information
as to whether a variety is early flowering,
mid-season or late, remembering that the
general florist does not need a long list
of varieties, and that white, yellow and
pink are the colors most in demand. The
benches in which the Chrysanthemums are
grown will only need a depth of about five
inches of soil, and should have thorough
drainage by means of wide cracks be¬
tween the boards, for while these plants
are liable to suffer from becoming too dry
at the root, yet they must not have stag¬
nant moisture. The most troublesome in¬
sect on the Ch./santhemums at this sea¬
son is a kind of aphis, known as black
fly ; when allowed to take possession of
the young growths it will soon weaken
and cripple them. The best remedy is a
frequent application of tobacco dust with
a powder bellows, and the best time to
apply it is in the early morning while the
plants are wet with dew. Abundant ven¬
tilation is required both for these plants
and also for the roses at this season, leav¬
ing the ventilators partly open through¬
out the night unless there is the proba¬
bility that a heavy rain may beat in
through the open sashes. Many Chrysan¬
themums are also planted out in the open
ground during the Summer, where they
should be frequently cultivated, and also
be topped in order to induce a bushy
growth, such plants being lifted in the
latter part of the Summer and potted into
seven or eight-inch pots, and after becom¬
ing established therein are fed with liquid
manure frequently to keep the foliage in
good condition and to enlarge the flowers

Summer Lilies. — The Easter lily is not
the only member of that extensive family
that is in favor with the flower grower,
and during the early Summer there are
many thousands of the bulbs of Lilium
lancifolium potted into five or six-inch
pots and started into growth in the green¬
house, such bulbs producing their large
and showy flowers of white and rosy pink
about September, and often proving very
useful in decoration work at that season.
An abundance of water and free ventila¬
tion are among the chief requisites in the
management of these lilies, and with an
occasional syringing with tobacco water
or an application of tobacco dust, the
green aphis may be kept in check.

Begonias. — Numerous species of Be¬
gonias are found in greenhouse collec¬
tions, as also in many a window garden,
and many of these may be readily propa¬
gated at this season. Among these one
of the most attractive as a Winter-flow¬
ering plant is that known as B. incarnata,
a bushy-growing and very free flowering
variety with bright pink flowers, and one
that may be propagated readily from cut¬
tings during the Summer, and grown on
into very salable window plants for next
Winter. Cuttings of the beautiful Be¬
gonia Gloire de Lorraine may also be had
at this time, this variety being so exces¬
sively free in bloom that there is some
difficulty in securing good cuttings early
in the season. The best cuttings of this
Begonia are those formed from young
side shoots or growths from the base of
the old plants taken off when they are
about two inches long, and planted in
sand in a partly shaded poi'tion of the
greenhouse, but single leaves may also
be rooted, though these last are likely to
be much longer in making plants, owing
to the fact that they have to make a bud
from which to grow after they are rooted.
Many of the Begonias are shade-loving
plants, but yet it is not wise to put too
heavy a shade over these bushy growing
sorts, else they make too long and flabby
a growth, and will not produce as many
flowers as those that have been given
more light.

Propagating Rubber Plants. — During
these warm months is the most favorable
time to raise young plants of the common

rubber plant, Ficus elastica, by means of
topping. This operation consists in cut¬
ting about half way through the young
shoot of the rubber plant with a sharp
knife, then placing a thin splinter of wood
or drawing a cord through the cut to keep
it open, and then binding a handful of
swamp moss, or sphagnum around the cut
shoot, the incision having been made at
about the third or fourth joint from the
top of the shoot. The plant is then
sprinkled with water daily in order to
keep the moss moist, and in three to
four weeks the young roots may be seen
coming through the moss, and when this
condition is noted the shoot may be cut
off from the parent plant below the moss,
and the young plant potted into a three
or four-inch pot. When potting these
Ficus tops there should be no attempt to
remove the moss from the cutting, else the
young roots are very likely to be broken ;
the new plant will need protection from
the sun for a few days until it becomes
established in the soil. The young roses
should be starting away nicely by this
time, and should be kept free from weeds
in the benches, and also have the flower
buds pinched out as they appear, the sur¬
face of the soil being stirred with a
weeder to prevent baking, but not stirred
too deeply. w. h. taplin.

Lime on Moss Grown Land.

T. F. R., Carmel, N. Y. — I have a field of
six acres that the moss is getting over in
places, and has not cut more than one-half
ton of hay per acre for five or six years
past. I do not want to plow the field, as it
is a good way from the house and land a
little thin on a ridge. How can I make the
grass grow od the field? What, kind of fer¬
tilizer should I use? I sowed last year
a barrel of wood ashes on a small place
and the clover lias come in very fine there,
hut nothing but June grass and daisies on
the rest of the field.

A ns. — We should say that the land is
sour and needs lime. While the growth
of moss on such land does not always
mean an acid soil, we consider it good
evidence. The fact that clover “came in”
after using wood ashes indicates the need
of lime. Clover seed will often remain
for some years dormant in the soil. When
lime is added the conditions improve and
the seed sprouts. Wood ashes contain
35 per cent of lime. The use of lime
on this soil will bring in some new grass,
but you cannot expect a good crop until
you plow and reseed. In any event lime
alone will not produce crop after crop.
Other fertilizers must be used, and espe¬
cially nitrogen.

WANT TO KNOW.

Hand Hay Press. — I would like to know
if any of your readers have ever used a
hand-power hay haler of the cheap kind?
Do they give satisfaction ; also price and
where to buy them. I have never seen
any. j. b.

Tamaqua, Pa.

TUBULAR-or "Back Breaker?”

When you see the waist low Tubular you can’t be driven into buying a
back-breaking, “bucket bowl” separator. Can and crank are just the
right height on the Tubular. Here is the largest Dairy Tubular along
side four “back breakers.” The girl with her hand on the Tubular is 5
feet, 4 inches tall. This is an exact reproduction from a photograph.
Which kind for you? Makers of “back breakers” try to get their cans
low by setting the cranks low. High cans break your back backward —
low cranks break it forward. Unless you are a double jointed giant,
you’ll find a high can is no joke. To show you how high these “back
breaker” cans really are, when the machines are set high enough to turn
easily, we raised these “back breakers” ’til their crank axles were level
with the Tubular crank axle. “Back breaker” makers don’t like this
picture — it’s too true. They try to squirm out of it. You wouldn’t like
turning cranks as low as “back breaker” makers put them.

The low can Is only one of many advantages Dairy Tubulars have over all others.
Dairy Tubular bowls are simple— “back breakers” are complicated. Tubulars are
self-oiling— no oil holes to fill up. “Back breakers” are oil drippers and oil wasters.
To learn a lot more about Tubulars, write today for catalog N- 153

The

Sharpies Separator
Company
West Chester, Pa.

Chicago, III.
Toronto, Can.

BACK

BMAASfi

BACK

8RIAHCZ

“ Cheapest ” doesn’t always mean the lowest priced,
certainly does not when applied to cream separators.
Numerous makes of separators nowadays are offered
for less than the famous and improved

U. S. Cream Separators

Which hold World’s Record for Close Skimming.

A very short use of those cheap “job-lot” machines
proves it costs so much to keep them “going” during
their short life that they’re not “ cheap ’’—even as

(not to mention their poor results j
proven that U. S. Separators

_ _ as a gif t-

Time has conclusively

ARE LEAST EXPENSIVE

because the cost to maintain them is so small in com¬
parison with their long and unequalled service.

Fond Du Lac, Wis., September 15, 1904.

“TV whom it may concern:—! have used one of your U. S. Separators for the past
twelve years and it has given the very best satisfaction. I have paid 75 cents for extras
since getting the machine. I cannot recommend the U. S. too highly. _ J. BALSON.”

Our handsome Dairy Separator catalogue tells all about the splendid
construction that makes possible such testimony as this. Get it now, it’s
free, and you 11 find it interesting, we know.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

408 Prompt Deliveries, from 18 Distributing Warehouses throughout United States and Canada

WHITMAN’S"^

LARGE5T 8t MOST P
GUARANTEED

ALSO LARGE LINE FIR
s em D

WHITMAN -AGS

^<rAesseGs

E IN AMERICA.
/E NO EQUAL
-J LTU RAL MACH IN ERY

logue.
LOUIS, MO.

Received the GRA.NJJ RRIZB. hiqhest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair. Si Louis,
E. ID. WATKINS, State Agent, Xjima, 3ST. Y,

Hallock’s Elevator” Potato Digger

We wish to introduce our O. K. Elevator Potato Digger in every petato-growing
locality in the United States.

We have several valuable features not found in any other Elevator Digger. They
will interest you as soon as you know them.

We desire correspondence only from those looking for an A No. 1 Potato Digger
at a minimum price.

Address, D. Y. Hallock & Sons, Box 803, York, Pa.

522

July 8,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

“Bonora” Acts Well. — A preliminary
report on “Bonora,” a liquid concentrated
fertilizer for plants, was made on page
40, R. N.-Y. for January 21, 1905. Com¬
parative trials on potted plants under
glass between Bonora, one pint to 12
gallons of water, and liquid manures of
ordinary strength from animal sources
gave quite similar results. Applications
were made every two weeks for several
months. The plants in both lots throve
well, were very similar in appearance
at the end of the experiment, and were
much larger and stronger than plants of
the same varieties that received no fer¬
tilization over that contained in the pot¬
ting soil. There is no odor or unpleas¬
ant feature in the handling and applica¬
tion of Bonora, and in this respect it is
far more agreeable to use than liquid ani¬
mal preparations or the usual concentrat¬
ed flower foods sold by florists and seeds¬
men, that give off disagreeable acid odors
when in contact with damp soil. Bonora
can be used anywhere about the dwelling
or conservatory without offense, and with
the best results, if sufficiently diluted. Too
frequent applications are to be avoided.
Once or twice a month appears to be suf¬
ficient for most plants. We have also
tested a solid form of Bonora, so put up
to reduce cost of transportation. Six and
one-half pounds, equivalent to one gallon
of the liquid, dissolved in 100 gallons of
water, make an excellent application for
all sorts of plants, both under glass and
in the garden. It gives remarkably prompt
results when sprinkled on grass on the
lawn, the response in greener color and
increased growth being as quick as with
nitrate of soda, and apparently without
the caustic effect of the latter. As at
present manufactured this compound is a
handy and efficient fertilizer for those
who do not have a home supply of ma¬
nure.

A Well-grown Spiraea. — Fig. 219,
page 5 23j reduced from an English photo¬
graph, shows a particularly fine plant of
Aruncus, usually catalogued in this coun¬
try as Spinea, astilboides. This species is
not as commonly forced for early Spring
decoration as the nearly related Astilbe
Japonica, but is in many respects hand¬
somer if really well-grown. Both are
fine decorative plants, however, and may
readily be bloomed in the window garden
if clumps are dug in the Fall, placed in
well-drained pots or boxes, and allowed
to freeze moderately in the shelter of an
outbuilding, taking care the soil does not
dry out. About 12 weeks before blooms
are wanted they should gradually be
thawed, copiously watered and placed un¬
der glass or in a light window. Plants
need considerable moisture when in
growth, and are subject to attacks of
aphids or green plant lice, for which
weak tobacco infusion is the best remedy,
as the young foliage is readily injured by
fumigation. These herbaceous Spiraeas,
as the varioiu species of Astilbe and
Aruncus are almost universally termed by
gardeners, are quite hardy, making
charming clumps if planted in rich soil in
a rather shaded part of the garden. They
bloom in May and June, the flowers be¬
ing usually whiter in color and more free¬
ly produced than when forced. There are
several improved varieties having more
compact habit and denser inflorescence
than these types. They are very fine both
for garden planting and for forcing. The
best appear t be Floribunda, W. E.
Gladstone and Queen of Holland in
Aruncus, and Gerbe d’Argent, Mont Blanc
and Plumet Neigeux in the Astilbe group.
All are silvery white in color, but diffei
in form and asoect of the immense flower
panicles. Floribunda and W. E. Glad¬
stone are freely offered in Autumn bulb

catalogues at 15 and 20 cents each re¬
spectively, but the other named varieties
are still scarce in this country. There are
several other species suited for garden
culture having white, rose and light
crimson feathery blooms. The best is
probably Ulmaria Rubra, our native
Queen of the Prairies, with beautiful pan¬
icles of light rosy blooms.

A Grand Novelty. — A recently discov¬
ered Chinese species, Astilbe Davidi, is
described as a grand novelty, growing
five or six feet high under good culture,
and producing very freely immense fea¬
thery panicles of bright red-purple
flowers. It is allied to the very fine As¬
tilbe sinensis, from the same country, but
the latter does not grow as tall, and the
blooms are rather pale pink or rose in
color. Plants of A. Davidi still cost one
or two dollars each, but seeds are first
offered in this country for GO cents a
packet by Henry A. Dreer, Inc., Phila¬
delphia. They are supposed to produce
plants that will bloom the next season
after germinating. A single packet, sown
in a mixture of sand and muck, in a six-
inch pot under glass in March has given
us over 150 strong plants for the garden.
When large enough to handle they were
transplanted two inches apart in flats or
shallow boxes of ordinary soil and plant¬
ed out in June, after hardening off, in a
large bed, spacing them 18 by 24 inches
apart. They should make a great dis¬
play next year if up to the claims of the
introducers.

The Rose Chafer. — Before the coming
of the San Jose scale New Jersey horti¬
culturists found a favorite topic for dis¬
cussion in the all-prevalent Rose chafer
that mars the beauty of our choicest flow¬
ers, destroys our young grapes, riddles
the foliage of plum and cherry and cuts
down the chestnut yield by devouring the
catkins or male blooms. Less is said
about this voracious destroyer on account
of the present overwhelming danger of
scale to our entire tree fruit industry,
but probably no other established eastern
insect pest is the cause of greater disap¬
pointment and more widespread disgust.
He is so awkward and unsuspicious that
he can readily be beaten from the bushes
into pans of hot water or kerosene, but
comes in such aggravating numbers that
one is almost powerless to save his floral
treasures. Contact and internal poisons
are quite useless, as the effect is too slow
and uncertain. Hot water syringing is
correct in theory, but only practical in a
small way. Birds of all kinds decline
to eat them after the first experience. A
pet blue jay, always an eager destroyer
of garden insects, learned to discriminate
against the Rose chafer in the first hour,
and never could be induced to touch one
again. The active little chick, running
the flower beds intent on assorted insect
prey, soon finds out the spiny and dis¬
agreeable nature of this abundant pest,
and passes the sprawling clusters with
something like a shudder. It is fortunate
that Rose chafers are not equally abun¬
dant every season. There are periods of
abnormal increase, followed by a year or
two of lessened numbers. These periods
are of uncertain duration, and the causes
of the variation are not well known.
They are in extra force the present sea¬
son — so abundant that young peaches,
plums and other fruits have been quite
seriously attacked, as well as grapes. A
Rose-chafer bite is at this stage of de¬
velopment quite fatal to the little fruit,
as rot is almost certain to finish its de¬
struction. Luckily the active season of
this insect does not extend far into July
and seldom completely destroys the ob¬
jects on which he feeds, except in the
case of opening blooms. We trust a min¬
imum season of Rose-chafer destruction is
close at hand. The larvae are abundant
everywhere in light sandy soil, feeding
principally on grass roots. Plowing up
infested sod is supposed to destroy many
individuals, but does not seem to reduce
the pest. w. v. F.

Fertilizing Potatoes and Onions.

L. li., McKee City, N. J. — 1. We have about
12 barrels of wood ashes; these ashes have
been out in weather all Winter. We would
like to use all or half of them on early
potatoes. The potatoes are now in bloom.
We put 40 tons of pig manure and 1,000
pounds of fertilizer on the ground before
planting. Will the ashes make the potatoes
yield any heavier? 2. We have an acre of
onions set, and the maggot is in them. I
would like to know what to do for the mag¬
got. Are wood ashes good for the onions,
and how use it? We put 20 tons pig manure
on the onion patch and two one-horse loads
of chicken manure in the rows. We also
have some lime; we would like to put It
on the onions. Is lime good with the other
manure?

Ans. — 1. We doubt if the wood ashes
will be of much use to the potatoes now. It
is too late to use them. While wood ashes,
used when the crop is planted, will help
a potato crop, the lime which they contain
will increase the scab should there be
any on the seed or in the soil. 2. Wood
ashes will be of little help in fighting Onion
maggots. Lime is excellent for onions,
but should be used when the soil is fitted
— before the onion seed is planted. An
emulsion made by dissolving soap in water
and adding carbolic acid will destroy the
maggot, but is not adapted for use on a
large scale.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri . and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
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270 lb., 3?fc(c per lb; barrel,4251b..3*4c. Send for booklet.

,J AMES UOOI*. Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

The

WATSON

Four Row
f Potato Sprayer

I Cover9 30 to 40 aores per day.
Straddles *2 rows, sprays 4 at
a time. Wheels adjust for dif¬
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pressure desired. Automatic agitator and suction strainer
| cleaner. It never spoils foliage or clogs. Free instruction and
I formula book shows the famous Garfield, Empire King,
Orchard Monarch and other sprayers. Write for it.

Field Force Pump Co., 2 11th St., Elmira, N.T.

THE

ANIMALS’

FRIEND

SHOO-FLY

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest off Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairvmen
since 1885. if your dealer does not keep the genuine, send us |l.00,
will return latest Improved 3-Tube Sprayer and enough “ Shoo-
Fly " to protect 200 cows. Name Exp. Office. Free Hook let.

SH00-FLT MFC. CO., 1026 Fairmonnt, Philadelphia, Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience 4'Shoo-Fly ” is O. K.

What sprays

do you use ?

Bowker’s

are best

CP they are carefully and scientifically made
ilvV/UUOv combinations, many of them prepared
on government formulas, and all of them are specifics
for the pest to be destroyed. Not one remedy for all
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to use by adding water.

for instance> all insects

JL/1&KJ<I1 vlivy which chew, such as codling-

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off by heavy rains. 2-lb. sample, 50c. Enough for 75
gallons spray, $1. Enough fora large orchard, $4.25.

Large Illustrated Catalogue Free

BOWKER. INSECTICIDE COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CINCINNATI

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold In every country In the world Exclu¬
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So well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still In active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., Weal , Montreal, r. q.

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Teuiente-Key 21, Havana. Cuba.

FERRES FRUIT BOX

Is cheaper, lighter, stronger and better looking than
wooden boxes.

The saving made on express shipments on account of less
weight will more than pay for the boxes.

Write us for circulars and prices, also state the kind and
quantity of fruit you ship.

The J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., box is Anderson, Ind.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

523

Hope Farm Notes

Help Wanted. — The following letter
doesn't seem to need much of an introduc¬
tion :

"Please state in your Hope Farm Notes
next week that I have found a man for my
farm. (I haven't really got one for sure
yet, but that don't matter.) Tell them any¬
thing, only be sure to make them clearly
understand that I am not in need of anyone.

I have had letters from all kinds of folks,
young and old, married and single, and, I
should guess, rich and poor, all wanting to
raise chickens for me. One man uses printed
stationery that announces that he is the pro¬
prietor of a Michigan fruit farm. He is
doing well, hut it is too cold there ! Whew !

I guess he wouldn't think it very hot if he
were here some morning when the ther¬
mometer goes 20 or 30 below zero. Another
is a city man who earns a good salary; but
he spends it all. Wonder if he couldn’t
spend half the income of a little chicken
farm? The next is a young single man
without financial means, hut he has a
“classical college education.” I am afraid
that, like the “piper’s cow,” the chickens
would not be satisfied if he talked Latin to
them, but failed to throw out the feed. Then
I have heard from a first-class architect and
builder, who would not care to feed the hens
or' clean out the roosts, but he can build
beautiful hen coops and having read “The
Business Hen” could tell the hired help all
about it. The trouble with these people in
the first place is that they either did not half
read what you wrote about my place, or they
did not remember it. long enough to write
me. One man even addressed me as “Mr.
j Grant Morse, Proprietor Hope Farm." He
had the idea that I wanted to rent him
Hope Farm, and another resented the fact
that when he wrote to you for my address,
you tried to hire him, when you distinctly
said that you should try to catch the first

man ” J. GRANT MORSE.

It will be remembered that on page 459
I printed a letter from Mr. Morse in which
he called for a good family to take one of
his farms. At this season of the year most
capable people are busy, and do not need
jobs. Desirable men really have the advan¬
tage in any deal with a farmer, for as things
are now the good man calls forth greater
competition than the good job. Some of the
people that have written Mr. Morse would
make good helpers after they had learned
how, but they would not like to pay for
their own experience. The man with the
classical education might find his Latin and
Greek useful in expressing his feelings when
the eggs spoiled in the incubators, or the
chicks began to droop and die, but I cannot
think of any other value they would have
in the hen business. I can readily see that
a city man might spend every cent of a
good salary and actually save money on one-
third of the sum in the country. It would
be a good thing for the world if some of
these city workers could be trained to do
useful work on the farm. One trouble Is
that most of them seem to feel that the farm¬
er should pay for their training ! Yet they
would not expect that of a carpenter or a
merchant ! We have partly solved our help
problem by importing a colored girl from
Florida.

Atx Sorts. — The weather held farm work
up by (lie throat — or tried to — the third week
in June. We had a succession of thunder¬
storms. While the rain was not falling a
thick fog settled on the hills, and made life
as sticky as a postage stamp on a poli¬
tician’s back. We had two fields of clover
that needed cutting, but it was no time to
put it down. So we let it stand. The
cherries were ripening. We filled some or¬
ders, but the fog settled the rest, for rot
swept over the trees in a short time. The
strawberries in matted rows turned soft and
“mushy.” It was a bad week, though not so
bad as we usually have at this season. We
were able to get the strawberries and pota¬
toes hoed, and all this moisture helps the
grass. . . . Our haying will be late after

all. During the drought the grass made but
a short growth. Now it is climbing up, and
I am disposed to let it go and get some size
before cutting. . . . The little calf which

we have set out to raise in memory of poor
Genevieve is having her trials like the rest
of us. This thing of raising a calf with
little or no milk is hard on the calf. We
feed “calf meal” according to directions, and
have the little thing so that it will nibble
oats. For a time I thought it could not get
through, but now it is doing better, and is
making fair growth. While it: may be possible
to produce a good calf without milk, it is
not what you can call an easy job, and I
feel sorry for the calf. ... I have a
cow that has developed a remarkable taste
for apples. Turn her into the Baldwin
orchard and she will leave the finest of
White clover and grass to tear the trees
down. She reaches up to the lower limbs,
and strips them clean of green fruit. Put
her in the high-headed orchard, where she
cannot reach the limbs, and she spends her
time hunting for windfalls. She gives a good

flow of milk, but has this craving for apples.
You might call her a regular member of the
Apple Consumers’ League in good standing.
Perhaps she got hold of a paper containing
an account of the league and swallowed it !
If this is what an apple-eating argument
leads to in my own family it may be time to
pause. . . . The other night a neighbor

brought in some samples of muck out of a
swamp. I always try to keep a package of
litmus paper on hand to test soils for acid.
To those who have never used this paper
I will say that it is stained blue with a ma¬
terial which is very sensitive to acid. When
this blue paper touches anything that is
sour the color changes to pink or red. It
was interesting to see how the color changed
when the paper was put into that muck,
even for a short time. To haul that muck
right out of the swamp and put it on the
land would prove an Injury. Most of the
soil in our locality is sour anyway. Yet
if lime were used with the muck it will help
the soil. I hope, during late July and Aug¬
ust, to have a good many loads of muck
hauled from the swamp and thrown around
the apple trees. As this is done lime enough
to make the pile quite white will be scat¬
tered over it. Our swamps and low places
ought to be the richest parts of the farm,
for the fertility of the hills has been carried
there. It is not such a bad thing that the
muck is sour and inert, for otherwise it
might have all been lost to us. It is locked
up for safe keeping. Lime will help us un¬
lock it. Litmus paper is handy to have
about. It pays to pick out the sour things
and sweeten them up. . . . Not a day
passes that we do not miss old Frank. I am
sorry to go into the barn and not see his
honest old face looking out from the stall.
It will be hard to fill his place. I have
bought a brown mare, Madge. She is faith¬
ful and true, and has far more speed on the
road than Frank ever dreamed of, but when¬
ever there is a big load to be hauled up our
hill we shall miss Frank's big shoulders.

Florida Matters. — -A Florida reader does
not like my statement about the potato crop.
He says :

“In your issue of June 10 the Hope Farm
man gives his experience with his Florida
potato crop. I enclose a few bills of sale
from one of my neighbors to show you that
there is money in early potatoes if you have
the land. He planted eight barrels and
shipped 136 barrels. The first two barrels
sold for $8.50 each. Potatoes grown on our
muck land always bring the top prices in
the market.” f. v.

West Apopka, Fla.

I give copies of two of the bills. Here
is the best one, dated April 19:

4 barrels potatoes @ $7.00 . $28.00

Freight . $4.24

Cartage . 20

Commission . 2.80

r.24

$20.76

Here is another, dated April 22 :

4 barrels potatoes @ $4.50 . $18.50

Freight . $4.16

Commission . 1 85

- 6.01

$12.49

I give a copy of the bill, though I don’t
see how the commission man figures it
$18.50. That is his lookout. You see it
makes a great difference when you get your
potatoes into market early. A few days will
make a wonderful difference in the price.
All I can say is that this man beats me out
of sight. It didn’t cost any more to carry
the $7 barrel than those I sold for $1.50.
There may have been a few potato growers
who made money this year, but I am sure
the great majority ran a poor crop against
low prices. We now have our potato ground
planted to sweet potatoes or sown to cow
peas for hay.

I have had a letter from a well-known
New York farmer who has spent several
Winters in Florida. Among other things,
he says :

“There is no question in regard to the cli¬
mate of central Florida for consumptives, or
for people who have got past the cremation
period. I think there is no class of elderly
people that the Florida climate will do more
good than farmers. Then the expense is not
so great. A man and his wife can spend
three months in the town where I stop in
the Winter and pay all expenses from the
time they leave home in western New York
until their return for $200, and if they shut
up their house at home they will save half
of that.”

I find that there are quite a good many
elderly farmers who ask about a Winter in
Florida. I feel sure that most of them
would renew at least a good share of their
youth if they could skip a few blizzards and
get down into the mild air of the South.
They would not want to stay there all the
year, and they must remember that Florida
is a poor place for an elderly man who ex¬
pects to work his way. A man who ex¬
pects to get much good out of a Florida
Winter must be prepared to go there as a
loafer and take things easy. The northern
visitor will find Florida a good place to spend
money, but not much of a place to earn it.

II. w. c.

Pin Hoe or Spring Hoe.
Square Tube Steel
Frame. Lifting
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Spring l*re»-
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Medium Weight If och, which travel
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Light Draft.

A Drill
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Machine perfectly controlled and regulated
while in motion. Has double run force grain
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The Latest Product of the 20tl» Century.
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7-

FAIRBANKS

FARM POWER MEN,

Will solve your Farm Power
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In writing to us you assume no obli¬
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THE

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Columbus, Ohio.

Send for catalogue
No. 62.

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We are the largest manufac¬
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Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

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The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Cutter, your Thresher, etc., easier,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like
manner. The ideal motive power for the modern farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO.. Rutland. Vt.

THE “HEW WAY” PRESS

is a horizontal press. It bales 1] Yi to 2K tons per
hour. Size of bale is 46x23x19 inches. Feed hole
46x50 inches— easy to feed, no tramping, fork only
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Makes the very desirable eastern market bale. Heats all
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Adapted to bank barn work. Write for Illustrated Catalog.

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2 Tons in I Hour with I Good Horse

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PeLoach Mill Manufacturing Co., Box 1002 Atlanta, Ca.^

524

July 8,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, | . „ . .

Mrs. K. T. Roy le, ( Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. Gd., or 8 Vi marks, or 10 Vi francs.

A SQUARE DEAL.’

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JULY 8, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

♦

PRIZES FOR GARDEN PLANS .

We offer prizes of $5, $3 and $2 for the best three
plans for a farmer’s garden. We want a drawing show¬
ing how the garden was planned, and a brief statement
of the vegetables grown, the work required and some¬
thing about the product. We want only plans of
farmers’ gardens, showing how a good supply of vege¬
tables can be provided year after year without inter¬
fering with the regular farm work. We do not want
essays on amateur gardening or stories of special work,
but simply accounts of plain farmers’ gardens. The
drawings and essays must be here by August 1.

★

Nearly every day we read of some brave man or
woman who saves a child’s life at the risk of their own.
They rush into danger of some sort, and quickly pluck
the child away. Such people deserve the credit and
glory they receive. Yet the bravery they show is no
finer than that of the man or woman who takes a little
child into the family and brings it up to be a good citi¬
zen. There are often long drawn-out sacrifices and dis¬
appointments about such an experience that are never
considered by the public. It still remains a fact that the
farmer who takes a homeless waif and gives it a loving
home, and trains it for good citizenship, does more for
his country than any soldier who kills an enemy in
: battle.

*

It is nearly time for the annual contest between fruit
buyers and fruit growers over the prospects for apples.
The buyers start reports every year showing that the
country is full of apples. Their plan is to talk “big
crop’’ and discourage growers into selling at a low
figure. Ten years ago the growers were nearly helpless
in the face of these reports, for they had poor facilities
for learning the facts. Now they are well organized,
and collect reports for themselves. As a rule those
reports are fully as accurate as those collected by buyers,
and they have saved a great deal of money during the
past few years. While it is early yet to give any really
accurate estimate of the outcome, every report thus far
indicates a smaller crop than last year. In western New
York everything points to a loss of nearly 50 per cent
of last year’s crop. The wet weather has caused scab,
and many trees have produced large crops for several
years. This year they will take a rest. It would not be
safe to make final figures now. but there is every indica¬
tion of a short supply of apples. Now we shall see what
the buyers have to offer.

*

The Arizona man who refers, on page 525, to the
alarming spread of tuberculosis, says, rightly enough,
that victims r f the disease are not blameless in this
, matter, since they drink from public cups in the cars
and expectorate freely about the floors of cars and
depots. This is perfectly true, but why expect a higher
standard of public decency from a person dying of pre¬
ventable disease than from another? Take a short
railway journey on any warm day, and watch the pro¬
cession of travelers, young, old, healthy, diseased, clean
and dirty, who constantly drink from the one common
drinking cup. In most cases there is no real need for it ;

it is habit rather than thirst. An antiseptic cup of
parchment paper costs 2l/2 cents, and can be carried in
a pocket book, but apparently it is too much trouble to
avoid promiscuous drinking. As for the promiscuous
expectoration, the fact that special crusades by city
health boards are necessary to suppress it makes
one fear that Dickens was painfully accurate in some
offending passages in “American Notes.” Every
reform in public manners must begin with the indi¬
vidual. It is not the tuberculous alone, but the public
as a mass, who must be educated to higher standards
of sanitation. Start every child with his own individual
towel and wash-cloth, and he will soon resent a com¬
munistic drinking cup.

*

Before the great naval battle much depended upon the
success of the Japanese fleet in concealing its harbor.
If the Russians could have been sure where it was their
plans would have been changed, and they might at
least have saved some of their ships. It was necessary
to the safety of the empire that the hiding place be
kept secret. It is said that the Japanese refused to
discuss the fleet. Even the newspapers were silent. No
one talked — all avoided the subject. Every citizen felt
confidence in the admiral, and all knew that he could be
helped best in this case by silence. The result was that
the fleet was not located. The Russians fell into the
trap set for them. I he whole thing was an illustration
of the wonderful self control and skillful obedience of
the Japanese. It also shows, by contrast, the power of
public discussion, for if silence will help keep a secret
open discussion will let in the light.

*

The State of Maine derives some revenue from
licenses to shoot game. “Sportsmen” come into the
State to kill birds and animals, and pay the State for the
privilege. One would think therefore that the question
of the farmer’s rights against destructive game would
be well settled in Maine. When we were collecting
information about robins and the game laws we wrote
to the State Attorney of Maine. We asked if a farmer
who shot a robin or other bird in the act of destroying
his fruit, would have a valid defense in claiming that lie
was defending his crops. The following answer was
received :

I bare made examination of our reports, and find that no
such case has ever been adjudicated within this State. The
question has been, however, discussed quite extensively.
What the court would hold in such case, I am unable to say.
neither do I wish to express a definite opinion in relation
io the constitutionality of the law. My impression, however,
is that should the matter come before the courts, it would
be held to be no defense that a person killed game or birds
in close time, where they were destroying his crops.

It is hard to understand why such a defense would
not be valid. Is a man to stand by and see his property
destroyed by birds or animals with no power to prevent
it? The Delaware law is far better. In that State a
farmer is permitted to shoot birds when they are caught
in the act of destroying his fruit.

*

Most people who read the papers are more or less
familiar with the disclosures regarding the management
of the Equitable Life Assurance Society. No one doubts
that the society is perfectly solvent and abundantly able
to pay all claims upon it, yet all who have followed the
developments of this case must realize that the modern
system of life insurance is in danger. Thousands of
men have paid money for life, insurance. Many of them
worked hard and made sacrifices to secure the money
with which/ to pay their premiums from year to year.

In most cases the motive which impelled them to do this
was a noble one — that of providing for wife and children
in case of their death. The money which these men
have paid in has created an immense surplus. It was
understood that the greater part of this surplus or profit
belonged to the policy holders. Most endowment poli¬
cies state that at the end of a certain time the profits
of the company are to be paid out. Most people who
take such a policy do it as an investment— but they find
that the interest paid is usually no more than that paid
by a savings bank. The money which they have paid in
goes to enrich a few favored ones. Great salaries are
paid, sometimes to men who do not work. Great pen¬
sions are kept up and salaries are even paid to the
families of dead men. Officers are permitted to specu¬
late with these funds, and the money is employed in
various questionable ways. A group of farmers may
pay their insurance premiums — the cost often being far
more than is needed with economical management to
insure their lives. The money they pay may be loaned
to promote some railroad scheme or some corporation
which will prove directly harmful to the farmers’ inter¬
est. In view of the disclosures now clearly made it is
evident that one of three things will happen. The
present methods of life insurance must be reorganized
and changed ; the National Government will be obliged
to take charge, or the business of life insurance will be
wiped out. People will not continue to pay money for
insurance unless they are assured that this money is
safe, and that it is honestly invested. The disclosures

are useful because they show the fearful amount of
“graft” in the modern system of handling money. Far¬
mers are learning al> the time that the safest place
to invest their money is at home in things which make
the farm more comfortable and more productive.

*

A few years ago we gave a full account of the so-
called Torrens system of registering land titles. Under
this system the title to a piece of real estate becomes
a part of the deed. Upon application of the owner a
careful search is made by the authorities. This is certi¬
fied to, and is made a permanent record against the
property — no further search being necessary. When the
property is sold there is no need of making another long
and expensive search, because the official records go
with the deed. 1 his plan is in operation in parts of
several States and after once established has proved
very satisfactory. Here is a case which shows what
would be saved by this system. A piece of property in
a town near New York bordered on an open brook.
The owner mortgaged the property to build a house on
it. 1 he Loan Association which lent the money ordered
a thorough search of the title — the lawyer charging the
owner $50 for making it. A few years later a sewer
is built through the brook, and special taxes are assessed
upon the property. The law authorized another search
of title and the owner is now actually forced to pay $25
more for it ! Probably every time the property changes
hands there will be a demand for a new search at a
price depending upon the size of the owner’s pocket-
book. Under the Torrens system such things would not
be possible. The official record would show that the title
was clear and there would be no need of making a new
“search.” A new character would be given to property,
and thousands of dollars would be saved every year to
buyers.

*

It is a popular thing to abuse a nurseryman and
charge him with blunders. There are two sides to every
discussion. Here is an actual case. A farmer ordered
some trees and grapevines and also 200 strawberry
plants. The goods were packed and shipped. In due
time the farmer wrote giving mild praise for the trees
and vines, but complaining that the strawberry plants
were not in the package. The nurseryman knew those
plants were packed and sent, but the farmer was so
honest in insisting that they did not come that there
seemed nothing to do but pocket the loss. Then there
came the following explanation. The hired man opened
the package. He saw a bunch of straw on top, took it
out and threw it over the fence. Then both he and the
farmer looked carefully for the strawberry plants, but
could not find them. J wo weeks later the farmer hap¬
pened to see the bunch of straw. As it did not look-
well he lifted it with his fork and on shaking it out fell
the missing strawberry plants ! As the weather was wet
they were still alive and, when planted, made a good
growth ! The hired man had without knowing it, picked
them up with the straw and thrown them away. The
farmer was an honest man, who wrote at once and
admitted the blunder. We are sorry to say that some
men could hardly bring themselves to admit that they
had made such a mistake, and would not have notified
the nurseryman. We print this story to show how care¬
ful men should be in making complaints about nursery
stock. The nurseryman has been and always will be
abused for making blunders. Give him credit at least
for the good he does.

BREVITIES.

Prevention is easier than destruction.

The sticky fly paper is stuck with castor oil.

We have great faith in the future of the poultry business.

The Delaware crop of Crimson clover seed is short and
high.

Think of a man witli a noble education selling it to help
ignoble things.

It sometimes requires a ton of trouble to pound in an
ounce of prevention.

Mr. Jamison’s experience with dynamite caps is worth
committing to memory.

A most unfortunate man is he who has no way of enter¬
taining himself, and must go to others for entertainment.

Mr. Sylvester Johnson, of the Indiana Horticultural So¬
ciety, writes: “I am 82 years old and still eating apples.”

Now Mr. Rich Man, wouldn't you, if you could, keep the
power of your wealth away from your son until his char¬
acter is formed?

The Connecticut Experiment Station advises tobacco grow¬
ers to sow Hairy or Russian vetch as a catch crop after the
tobacco has been harvested.

The people of Fiji, who have just been introduced to the
automobile, call it “the father of all devils.” They have-
not yet suggested anything more appropriate for the road-
hog chauffeur.

A New York milkman was recently jailed for 15 days for
selling watered milk. He had previously been fined for a
similar offense, and it is said that in future such offenders
will be discouraged in this way.

The Bureau of Fisheries is asked to investigate the grad¬
ual disappearance of the mackerel from New England waters.
Perhaps New England has hurt the mackerel’s feelings by
giving the Cape Cod turkey first rank.

1605.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

525

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Running at the rate of 50 or 60 miles an
hour, the Twentieth Century Limited on the Lake Shore
Railroad dashed into an open switch at the passenger sta¬
tion at Mentor, O., June 21. Nineteen persons were killed
and 12 or 15 badly injured. The combination baggage and
smoking buffet car and the sleeping car behind it caught fire
and were destroyed. The train was eastbound. The engine
left the rails and plowed into the ground, tearing up the
track for yards. The two coaches following the engine
jammed into it with great force and were crushed, the tire
from the engine setting them ablaze. Fortunately most of
the occupants of the two coaches were rescued before the
fire reached them. . . . One of the worst floods in the
history of Ithaca, N. Y., came down from the hills June 21,
sweeping bridges, buildings and trees before it. The damage
is estimated at close to $100,000. Heavy rain fell for hours
in the country to the southeast of Ithaca and Six Mile Creek,
which runs through the center of the town, became a roaring
torrent. Five bridges were carried out along the course of
the stream, thousands of feet of lumber were swept away
from the yards of Driscoll Bros., and two houses and a shop
belonging to L. D. Crance were borne out into Cayuga Lake
by the flood. No lives were lost, although many persons
had narrow escapes. . . . June 20 it was discovered

that more than a million dollars was fraudulently obtained
from banks and trust companies by means of raised stock
certificates, winch were used as collateral for loans by Ben¬
jamin II. GaskiH, one of the best known bankers and brokers
in Philadelphia, who died suddenly May 25. A hurried ex¬
amination of collateral by banks and trust companies shows
that they have lost between $750,000 and $840,000 by Gas-
kill’s skill as a forger. When a complete examination of all
collateral is made it is expected that it will be found that
GaskiH's profits from his forgeries were far in excess of
$1,000,000. GaskiH's credit was never questioned. lie was
a member of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and was rated
as a millionaire by his fellow-brokers. lie was a director in
the Manufacturers’ Club, and in the Fifty Club, a most ex¬
clusive organization composed of business men. . .

Evidence tending to implicate officials of the Postoffice De¬
partment in the affairs of the Continental Financing Com¬
pany, the alleged get-rich-quick concern in Chicago, has been
unearthed by Attorney Gordon Ramsey, who is conducting
the Investigation for Attorney General Stead. From letters
found in the headquarters of the concern it appears that the
financing company, of which Henry Wulff, ex-State Treas¬
urer of Illinois, was president, became Involved in trouble
with the Postoffice authorities, and that its secretary, J. W.
Lobb, went; to Washington with an attorney and “settled
matters” in such a manner that the business was allowed
to continue. Inspector Ketcham made a report on the financ
ing company to Washington on May 12. He also made cer¬
tain recommendations for the guidance of the Department,
as a result of which Lobb was cited to appear in Washing-
Ion and show cause why a fraud order should not he issued
against his concern by the Postoffice authorities. Lobb im¬
mediately retained an attorney, who presented his case to the
Department at Washington. The fraud order was not issued
but Lobb was compel lod to reform the literature of the con-
cern to a marked degree. It is this agreement involving
changes in the literature which the State investigators would
like to have the Washington authorities explain. The num
her of persons at one time or another who “invested” in the
financing company is now known to be 32,670. The amounts
invested were small, as a rule. It is believed that the total
receipts were about $100,000. The accountants have found
thus far records of $60,000 received. . . . After having
been locked up for 48 hours the jury in the case of William
G. Crawford, indicted jointly with August W. Machen. the
former postal official who is now serving a term in prison,
and Dr. George E. Lorenz, of Toledo, on a charge of con¬
spiracy to defraud the United States through a contract to
furnish letter carriers’ satchels and straps to the Postoffice
Department, reported June 22 a disagreement to Justice
\V right, presiding in Criminal Court No. 1. Washington.

I his was the ending of the second big case in which Machen
was involved, a case that has occupied five weeks in trial

u!lir„n™eDT- tllat 1,as cost the Government thousands
S’ United States District Attorney Beach, who.

'' .I’ Conrad as special counsel, prosecuted Crawford.

, ! „ Yas intention to call the case up for retrial

in the ball term of the Court. Although the charge was
conspii acy, Crawford was tried alone, having secured a sev¬
erance from the case of Machen and Lorenz. Machen pleaded
guilty and was sentenced to two years in prison. Lorenz
turned State s evidence. He was sentenced to two vears in
prison June ~7. . . . The National Oleomargarine Asso-

clatlon, formed at Worcester. Mass., more than a year and a
half ago by oleomargarine dealers, large and small, through¬
out the United States, to secure the repeal of the National
Oleomargarine or Grout law, which levies a tax of 10 cents
a pound on every pound manufactured, is to disband at once
without having accomplished anvthing. . . . Fire In a

New York chair factory June 26 caused a loss of $75,000.

I lie same day a fire in a clothing warehouse and factorv in
another part of the city amounted to $150,000. while a third
fire nearby caused a loss of $50,000. ... A band of 100

Yaqui Indians is terrorizing the district along the San
Miguel River in the Tires district of Sonora. Mexico. Ten
ranchers, and probably as many women and children, have
been killed, according to the latest intelligence to reach
Tucson. As the descent of the Indians was so unexpected
and so cunningly planned that no organized effort could be
made to beat them off, the number of whites who have been
murdered will likely reach a much larger figure.

The United States Circuit Court of Appeals handed down a
decision June 27 declaring the Compagnie G^n^rale Trans-
atlantique without blame for the sinking of the steamship
La Bourgogne of the French line eight years ago, but pro
viding that the $26,700 received for freight and passenger
transportation should be given over with interest to a trustee
and paid out pro rata on proven claims. Nearly $3,000,000
in claims has already been filed. The court decides that the
subsidy paid for mail service cannot be levied upon, as it is
Impossible to divide it for separate trips. The United States
District Court is reversed only in that it did not hold the
freight and passenger moneys liable to claims for losses in
the disaster.

,-ADMINISl RATION. — In view of the imminent danger
that an effective boycott against American goods in China
niay be put in force by the Chinese merchant guilds. Pres¬
ident Roosevelt has taken decisive action looking to a more
lenient administration of the Chinese exclusion law' by the
officers of the immigration service. To this end he directed
June 24 that the State Department issue a circular letter of
instructions on the subject to our diplomatic and consular
officers in China, and he has informed the Secretary of Com¬
merce and Labor, who is charged with the enforcement of
the exclusion law, that any officer of the immigration service
who show's discourtesy to any Chinese of the exempted
classes applying at United States ports for admission will
forthwith lose his place. . . . It is understood that the

“cotton scandal” investigation has reached such a point as
to warrant the summary dismissal of one and possibly two
officials of the Department of Agriculture. Edwin S. Holmes,
associate statistician, was suspended some time ago. At the
time Secretary Richard Cheatham, of the Southern Cotton
Growers’ Association, who is responsible for the present in¬
quiry, expressed the opinion that Mr. Holmes w'ould not be
reinstated.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The faculty of the agricultural
department of the University of Missouri has just completed
an experiment in teaching agriculture to high school stu¬
dents. The Columbia high school w'as chosen for the exper¬
iment. Three lectures a week were given — one on horticul¬
ture, one on farm crops and another on animal husbandry.

K. Kayu, a wealthy Japanese merchant, of Tokio, accom¬
panied by his interpreter, W. Ijima, has come to Canada to
investigate the dairying business of the country at first

hand, and is much impressed by the methods employed by
Canadians in the making of butter and cheese. Mr. Kayu
has decided to introduce into Japan the Canadian dairying
methods as w'ell as Canadian cattle. lie has purchased fifty
head of Ayrshire cattle in Ontario and has forwarded them
to his native land. This is t He first consignment of Cana¬
dian cattle that has ever been shipped to Japan.

THE OUTLOOK FOR HORSE BREEDING.

The Oldenburg German coach horse seems to be the com¬
ing horse of America, as these horses have plenty of size,
substance and action, and when crossed on our trotting-bred
mares they get a high-class coach horse. Around here they
have been knowm to sell all the way from $250 to $1,000,
and in pairs from $2,500 to $4,000. J. crouch & son.

Lafayette, Ind.

The demand in this vicinity seems to increase for good
general-purpose horses and drafters with size, w'hile there
is a decline in the demand for driving horses. There are
not enough colts raised here to make a price, individual merit
being so different in the few that are raised. So far as I
can learn there was not. a single colt foaled in this township
last year. As to risk and profit, there is a general law
that governs those things, comparative risk accompanying
comparative profit, the average man being quite willing to
take up any line that he thinks is yielding his neighbor a
greater profit than he enjoys. geo. l. Gordon.

Connecticut.

The present outlook seems bright for all classes of good
horses. All useful animals are in demand, from the chil¬
dren’s pony to the heavy drafter, but probably the most reli¬
able and active demand is for the heavy, clean-limbed and
active draft horse. Prices for these, if first-class, run from
$200 up to $300, or even more in rare instances, and even
if not first-class, if they have the requisite weight they are
in demand. Good three-year-old colts bring from $lf>0 to
$225. There has been a gradual rise in prices since 1896
after the severe depression for the few' years previous to that
time to last year, when they probably reached as high a
mark as before the depression, although buyers are rather
more discriminating in their demands. As in other lines
of business, greater profits involve greater risks, and there
are probably rather more risks connected with the breeding
of horses than some other farm animals. This on account
of the sometimes sudden fluctuations in the market and the
frequent high per cent of mortality, often due to lack of
intelligent care. »mc lay bros.

Janesville, Wis.

We import all the leading breeds of draft horses, and after
an experience of 27 years in this business we have concluded
that the best draft horse to cross on the average American
draft-bred mares is the English Shire, from the fact that
he is the heaviest boned, deepest ribbed ; in fact, the most
rugged draft horse in the world. Grade Shires have topped
the Chicago markets for the past 10 years, and only last
week we sold a pair of Shire geldings for the record price of
$2,400, and they were only four years old. and scaled 4,280
w'hen sold. I may also say that at the farm sales around
this section w’eaning colts, grades, are selling at from $75
to $115, and nine times out of 10 w'hen the latter or $100
price is reached it is for a grade Shire. Eastern feeders are
paying from $200 to $350 for grade Shire geldings from three
to four years old to ta».e into Ohio and Pennsylvania and
finish for the New York market. With reference to the light
horse market, will say that there has not been a time during
my experience when high-acting geldings or mares, compact
in build, would bring the price they will do now. There is
simply no limit as to their value, and I w'ould advise any
farmer or breeder having a few well-bred trotting mares to
breed them to the highest-going and best-bred hackney stal¬
lion he can find within reach. They are the best heavy har¬
ness horse to-day in the world, and thev have proved this
assertion to be true at Chicago and New York horse shows.

Bushnell, III. ,t. g. truman.

There was never a time in the history of the horse-breed¬
ing business when the outlook for the future wms more prom¬
ising than it is at present. When other things are pros¬
perous the horse business is most prosperous. In fact, horses
have been selling at higher prices each succeeding year for
about eight years past. Raising horses is one of the most
profitable branches of farming. It does not cost much more
to raise a draft horse than it does to raise and maintain
a steer, and the price of a very common horse is double that
of a fattened steer. From western Pennsylvania westward
to central Kansas and Nebraska is the draft horse breeding
section of this country. Here our farmers and breeders
realize the larger profit there is in breeding draft horses over
raising any other kind of live stock. There is one branch of
the horse business that has been most deplorablv neglected,
viz., the raising of high-class carriage horses. The ordinary
farmer has bred the draft horse and the professional breeder
has undertaken to raise trotters, and neither of these has
been the kind that our wealthy people in the cities are paying
extravagant prices for to use before their broughams,
landaus and other pleasure conveyances. If a man who
owns a good trotting mare or a good roadster mare that can¬
not show much speed, breeds to a handsome, magnificent
high-acting coach stallion, he will produce the kind that do
now and always will demand the highest prices in every good
horse market. mc laughlin bros.

Columbus, O.

CROP PROSPECTS.

It is early to say what the apple crop will be in this part,
as I have no reports at hand. Here in my vicinity it does
not promise much ; the fruit is very poor and scabby.

Chandler, Ind. e. t. j.

There will be about a half crop of apples. Pears almost
a total failure. The prospect for peaches and plums is
very good ; perhaps a full crop, though the rot is showing
some in spite of our spraying, and may destroy the entire
crop. Cherries full crop ; also a full crop of blackberries and
raspberries. j. w. t.

Madison, Ind.

The fruit conditions in my locality are not the best for all
the growers. A few growers who sprayed well and at the right
times have fair crops of good apples, and the others have
all the way from that down to nothing. Those who did not
spray at all have nothing. The scab is worse than common,
the worst I ever saw it on both fruit and foliage. Where
good, timely spraying has been done the scab has done very
little damage. I have sprayed four times, and my prospects
are good on most of the orchards. Some that did not get
treated on time are very scabby, and the foliage looks bad
and is dropping. The others look as well as mine usually
do, and I have prospect for a good half crop or more. The
country around will not have more than 15 or 20 per cent
of a crop, and the State and. in fact, all the Ohio and Mis¬
sissippi Valley are in much the same condition as to apples.
Some places and some orchards are good, but most are light
and poor. We have some good peaches and plenty of plums,
but pears are few. The Ensee has a fair crop in sight, and
they are nice and in good condition. My brother took quite
a lot of good ones to Indiana last week to the nurserymen’s
meeting, and they had a good opinion of it. I still have
more than half a barrel of fine ones in cold storage, and
they have just as good flavor yet as they ever had, and the
color is just as bright. The Ohio Experiment Station has
a barrel of Rome Beauty, York and Ensee in cold storage
at Columbus, and is going to keep them till the State Fair
to test their keeping. u. t. cox.

Lawrence Co., O. _

THE PRICE OF MILK.

The New York Sun has been printing a discussion between
W. A. Linn, of Sussex Co., N. .T., a milk producer, and
George Slaughter, a member of the so-called Milk Exchange.
Mr. Linn claimed there was no fair reason for_ the recent
cut in milk prices, while Mr. Slaughter says there is too
much milk, and that the Exchange was justified. He under¬
took to argue that ex-Senator McBride, of New Jersey, is a
member of the Exchange and also a milk producer, and that
he favored the reduction. Mr. Linn nails this statement in
an interview with Senator McBride, who says :

“I have not attended a meeting of the Exchange in three
months, as I have been unable to do so by reason of ill
health. I was not there when the half cent reduction was

made, and had I been there I should have opposed it with
all my power. I regard it (and in this opinion I am sus¬
tained by other members of the Exchange) as wholly unnec¬
essary, without excuse, and an act of gross injustice to the
producers of milk. Seventy cents per can (of 40 quarts) for
milk does not pay for cost of production, and when Mr.
Slaughter says that such a cut was necessary he asserts
something wholly without foundation. The common day
laborer is much better off financially with his $1.50 per day
than the owner of a farm with capital invested making milk
for one and three-quarters cent per quart. It is strikingly
suggestive that milk is retailed in the city at from six to
10 cents per quart, while the wholesale producers receive
the fabulous sum of 70 cents per can of 40 quarts. In other
words, the dealers in the Exchange who retail get more on
the average for nine quarts than does the farmer for 40
quarts. Farmers are required to comply with rigid rules,
send standard milk, have everything first class. On its very
face the price of 70 cents per can is an imposition, and only
the most insatiate greed would expect it, much less decree
it as an emergency price. All talk that farmers have the
privilege of doing better than the prices named bv the Ex¬
change is nonsense. Mr. Slaughter knows that nine-tenths
of the milk sent to market is bought either on a six months’
or one year contract, with Borden’s or Exchange prices as a.
basis. I have not talked with one farmer, one creamer^
man or one dealer (including those who have New York id
terests) who does not declare that the June cut in price wa
unnecessary, unwarranted and unjust.”

EGGS IN COLD STORAGE.

The stocks in storage are about 35 per cent greater than
they were this time last year. As to the future of the mar¬
ket, we do not pretend to predict. lepman & iieggie

Chicago.

The stocks are large : April storage about the same as last
year. The future outlook is absolutely a weather market
If heat is excessive prices for fresh will hold firm. If con¬
ditions are below normal the market will rule low, as daily
receipts will continue large and storage eggs held. Person¬
ally. I have been a bear on the egg market for several
months. e. b. woodward.

New York.

It would be as easy for us to tell what the weather will
be next Fall as to predict the future price on eggs. Eggs
are usually controlled by weather conditions ; favorable
weather for laying means production and lower prices ; cold
hard Winter means advance in price. In our opinion there
are a great many more eggs in storage this year at higher
prices than a year ago. j. g. visiiion & co.

Buffalo, N. Y.

The amount of eggs stored in our section is about the same
as last year, owing to our storage capacity, which is limited
to about 25,000 cases. We have but one house in our city
that makes a specialty of storing eggs ; their capacity is
16,000 cases, and on .Tune 15 it. was filled. There is an¬
other house that takes in about 8,000 to 10,000; however,
this year they are filled up two weeks earlier than usual It
is our belief that eggs will sell in the Winter at the same
price as they did in April. ciias. h. hess & co.

Cincinnati, O.

I am of the opinion that it is somewhat weaker, owing to
the extraordinarily large stock held in storage, which is a
great deal more in amount than last year, and there cer¬
tainly were enough eggs stored last year to meet all require¬
ments. The production at the present time is heavy.
Weather conditions have quickened destruction, and I would
not be surprised to see large draughts made on the finer
grades of eggs now in cold storage to meet the demands of
the discriminating high-class trade for Summer use. This
will, of course, strengthen the situation. I look for a very
hot Summer, and if that occurs the situation will be very
much stronger than if the present heavy production keeps up.

St. Louis, Mo, F. W. BROCKMAN COMMISSION CO.

Eggs will never be as cheap as we once knew them years
gone by. I have been traveling the past 10 days in the
great State of Texas, which at some day in the near future
will have the largest population of any one State. There is
hardly any road to travel on in east and middle Texas, but
there is a station every five to eight miles. This same con¬
dition of affairs that is taking place in Texas is taking
place in the great Northwest, and owing to this fact, instead
of their being egg shippers, they become egg consumers, and
for this reason we cannot expect the prices to be as low as
in former years. It is true the eggs went into storage this
Spring, in our opinion, at least one to 1 V5 too high,
which makes us think that those who have stored heavily
beyond the actual trade for their home market, will come
out even or a small loss. If, on the other hand, we have a
very hot July and August, that would mean, on the con¬
trary, possibly a profit. t. c. h. W'egeforth co.

Chicago, Ill. _

DESERT DAIRYING ; CONSUMPTION.

The possibilities of the Salt. River Valley as a dairy region
are beyond the imagination of the average eastern dairyman.
But the filthy mess of fluid called milk put upon the market
by the majority of so-called dairymen is still further beyond
their imagination. Why such stuff is permitted to go upon
the market I cannot understand. This is a health resort,
and thousands come here and virtually live upon the prover¬
bial milk and eggs, little dreaming of what they are con¬
suming. This is a matter of local interest, and I should not
mention it if it were not for the fact that such conditions
exist to a greater or lesser degree near nearly every city in
the country. This brings up to a point I should like to see
discussed. It is this : Tuberculosis or consumption seems to
be increasing to an alarming extent? and the victims of this
disease are not entirely blameless for its spread. One has
only to sit a little while in the depots of some of the cities
of the Middle West, or travel on a train bound for some of
the health resorts to see why this is true. These persons,
some of them in the last stages, so-called, of this disease,
drink from the cups found at the public drinking places
found on trains and in depots, and various other places.
Besides this they expectorate with apparent immunity about
upon the floor of the cars and depots. Is it not possible for
measures to be taken to stop this not only dangerous but
loathsome practice? I think The R. N.-Y’. as good place as
any to start this discussion, for I have noticed that as a rule
discussions upon any subject in this paper bring results
sooner or later. j. d. p.

Arizona.

BUSINESS BITS .

Emil Linderman, of Corona, L. I., N. Y., has found Ken¬
dall’s Spavin Cure very effective for horse ailments. He
writes the manufacturers, B. J. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls,
Vt., as follows : “Please send me a copy of your Treatise
on the Horse and Ills Diseases. I have two horses which
had bog spavin on both legs. I have treated them with
Kendall’s Spavin Cure for two months and find the spavins
cured. I spent considerable money on veterinarians until a
friend of mine recommended Kendall’s Spavin Cure, which
I am satisfied will cure any case.”

Not alone for the comfort of animals, but from a busi¬
ness standpoint as well, farmers and dairymen should pro¬
tect their cattle from flies and insects during the Summer.
Almost a quarter of a century ago there was first offered
for sale a complete remedy for keeping flies off cattle, called
“Shoo-Fiy.” “Slioo-Fly” is known as the animals’ friend.
It has earned for itself a great reputation, not only at home,
but in foreign countries. It is harmless to man or beast.
Besides being the greatest stock protector known. “Shoo-Fiy”
cures all sores, scratches, skin diseases, hoof ailments, etc.
“Shoo-Fiy” is for sa'e by mostly all dealers, but if for any
reason it cannot be obtained, send $1 to the Shoo-Fiy Manu¬
facturing Company, 1026 Fnirmount Avenue. Philadelphia,
Pa., and get in return the latest improved three-tube sprayer
and enough “Shoo-Fiy” to protect 200 cows. If it does not
do what is claimed for it, money will be cheerfully returned.

526

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 8,

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

FLOWERS.

Your voiceless lips, O flowers ! are living
preachers,

Each cup a pulpit, each leaf a book.
Supplying to my fancy numerous teachers
From loneliest nook.

Floral apostles! that, in dewy splendor,
“Weep without woe, and blush without a
crime.”

Oh ! that 1 deeply learn, and ne’er surrender
Your lore divine.

In the sweet-scented pictures, heavenly
Artist !

With which thou paintest nature's wide¬
spread hall.

What a delightful lesson thou impartest
Of love to all !

Not useless are ye, flowers ! though made for
pleasure,

Blooming o'er field and wave, by day and
night,

From every source your sanction bids me
treasure

Harmless delight.

Fostlnimous glories; angel-like collection!
Upraised from seed or bulb interred in
earth,

Ye are to me a type of resurrection,

And second birth.

Were I. O God ! in churchless lands remain¬
ing,

Far from all voice of teachers and divines,
My soul would find, in flowers of Thy ordain¬
ing,

Priests, sermons, shrines !

— Horace Smith (1779-1849).

*

If raspberries and Summer apples are
available at the same time, a combination
of the two will make an excellent jelly.
Cook and strain separately, then mix the
juice, and proceed as with any other jelly.
*

Strawberry dauphines form a delicious
and very pretty dessert. Have ready six
pastry shells that have been baked and
allowed to cool; fill with strawberry jam,
or whole preserved strawberries. Whip
one cup of rich cream with three tea¬
spoonfuls of powdered sugar and season
with a few drops of orange extract. Pile
this quite high on the pastry, and put one
or two preserved or candied strawberries
on the top.

*

Where a housekeeper does not make
her own soap she can prepare an excellent
soft soap for housecleaning by combining
one pound of bar soap with one pound
of sal soda. Cut the soap into small
pieces; put soap and soda into a stone
jar on the back of the stove, where it is
not very hot, and pour over all a pail of
cold water. Stir occasionally, and after
it has stood several hours, when perfectly
dissolved, put away to cool. It forms a
soft jelly, and will be found very useful.
*

Swedish stew will make a savory
change in meat dishes. Put into an earth¬
en dish 2J/2 pounds of stewing beef, cut
into small slices; a large carrot, sliced;
a large onion, sliced ; three cloves, three
rounding tablespoonfuls of pearl tapioca,
a heaping tablespoonful of bread crumbs,
a tablespoonful of vinegar, one-eighth of
a grated nutmeg; salt and pepper. Cover
tightly after adding a little water, and
bake in a moderate oven five or six hours.
A bean pot is a good thing to cook it in.
*

To make strawberry sauce to serve hot
or cold, cook one cupful of water with
half a cupful of sugar for 10 minutes, then
turn in a quart of berries, and boil up just
once. This is delicious if chilled in the
ice box and served with cold cornstarch
or farina pudding. Raspberry sauce can
be made in the same way. Strawberry
hard sauce is made as follows : Cream
thoroughly one cup of sugar with one-
fourth cupful of butter; then beat in one
cupful of strawberries, which had been
crushed and pressed through a colander
or fruit press. Chill in the ice box, and
serve with any steamed or baked pudding.

Cretonne pillow slips can be bought
readymade to fit any pillow. They are
used during Summer to slip over orna¬
mental covers that might otherwise be¬
come soiled or faded, and are also used
where a more elaborate cover is removed
for the Summer. They are made just like
a laundry bag, with a drawstring which,
when drawn up, leaves a frill at the top
or end of the pillow. In a country house
recently visited, the bedrooms were fur¬
nished with simple white furniture and
single white iron beds of the shape usually
seen in hospitals and other institutions,
having a plain curved rail of the same
height at both head and foot. The beds
all had colored chintz or cretonne covers,
edged with a deep valance, while the pil¬
lows were slipped into covers to match,
drawn up with a drawstring as described
above. The effect was very attractive, and
the washing of white bed covers which
soil quickly in Summer, was thug avoided.
*

This little bride went to cooking school,
says Good Housekeeping, and the instruc¬
tor gave her a primary lesson, bread mak¬
ing; also, to encourage her, a dainty con¬
fection for dessert. When the two hours
of school had fled the little bride begged
a tin pail with a lid. In the pail she
dropped the ball of dough that she had
just kneaded, and on top of the dough
for convenience in carrying she placed
the mold of orange jelly and whipped
cream. Serenely she boarded the horse-
car — this was in Boston, before the era
of trolleys. Placing the little pail on her
lap, she — still serene — rode through the
sweet Spring sunshine to the far away
suburb, dreaming happy dreams of love
in a cottage, and of the pan of crusty
biscuit she would pull out of the oven
just as the one man in the universe came
in to supper. Suddenly she awoke from
her blissful dream, conscious that every
eye in the car was looking at that tin
pail, and every face was smiling. Poor
little bride ! Her bread dough was steadi¬
ly aspiring to the zenith, and the lid was
ascending with it. Frantically she essayed
to push the lid down ; the dough bulged
out at the sides. For half an hour she sat
with crimson face, desperately holding
on to that lid. And that dough heaved,
and that dough bulged, it dropped down
the sides of the pail, it advertised the cook¬
ing school, it proclaimed the bride to all
and sundry, and all and sundry were
mightily amused. But the bride was not
amused. Neither did she resurrect her
mold of orange jelly from the tragic and
untimely grave into which it sank.

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

It has been a very busy time, and the
chickweed and purslane are beginning to
show badly in the garden. But just as
everything wanted hoeing Minty “took
sick,” and I have had anxiety, which is
worse than work. She is not a trouble¬
some patient, but I found out that the
boys were added care, without her, and
that they are growing self-willed and ob¬
stinate, so that 1 have sometimes been
very tired. When Cleveland has a head¬
ache, to which he is subject, he wants
“Aunty” to bathe his forehead, and charm
away the pain. But there is no such al¬
leviation for me when the throbbing pain
makes me almost blind ; there is nothing
to do but to bear it. I was going to say,
“grin and bear it,” but remembered the
man who was suffering and said he would
bear it as long as he could, but he’d be
darned if he’d grin. Writers of poetry
tell us to smile when we are sad, and not
be so dreary as to show our distress to
others ; it would be a much more cheer¬
ful world if we could fill out the poem
with sober prose, but I am afraid our
physical troubles overwhelm us if they
are severe. I asked an old friend lately,

if she found me changed after a long
absence ; “Why, no, Charity,” she said,
“not in looks — but you seldom smile now,
that seems the worst change.” And it
isn’t much to be wondered at with all our
household cares, and added to this the
conversation that the men folks give us
which is part of our daily society news.
If a neighbor comes in they sit down and
compare losses instead of blessings.

“The weevils are spoiling all my peas,”
says the neighbor, then Brother answers :
“The crows have eaten my corn.” The
neighbor tells about an acre of potatoes
that have been drowned out in the low
land, and Brother says he has lost all
his plums from the curculio stinging
them. Neighbor has lost his best cow
and his colt was born lame. Brother has
a sick wife and the barn needs shingling.
So they compare trouble notes, and for¬
get to compare blessings. Meanwhile I
try to keep things going — but dust will
gather on everything, and I have no time
for reading or recreation, only to try to
do the next thing each hour as it comes
along.

Vegetables arc plentiful and of good
quality this year, and I am trying dainty
dishes for the boys, with very little meat
during hot weather. We have beans and
omelet which is Sherman’s favorite dish,
and have enjoyed the big Marshall straw¬
berries that I planted a year ago last
September. When I was out picking them
one day Nellie Lynch came along. She
stooped down and picked some of the
biggest and ate them, then went and sat
down under a tree a little way off.

“I don’t see how you can pick in the hot
sun, Charity,” she said, and I told her I
couldn’t if I had on a small hat and stiff
corsets, such as she wore. She tossed
her head and remarked that she liked her
strawberries best in the city, without hav¬
ing to pick them. “You’re quite wel¬
come,” I remarked, “but those you eat
here don’t have to be washed — everything
has its compensations.” I sometimes
think they do have it easier in many ways,
but when I remember how fresh and sweet
things are that grow in our own garden,
and how many comforts we enjoy that city
people know nothing about, 1 feel that
there are indeed real “compensations” for
living in the country. It often amuses
me to hear the patronizing tone that
dwellers of the towns take in speaking of
the green fields, and woodlands, but when
it comes to July they are apt to be like
Nellie, ready to sit down in the shade
amidst the rural scenery they affect to
dispise, and eat its choicest products.

Ah yes, “God made the country” — and
its beauty extols the work of His hands
as the days pass by. Minty has been
moved to the window ; the little girl baby
that came to us only lived an hour, and
she is dull and depressed. But her eyes
brightened at the sight of the first sweet
peas and mignonette that I took to her,
and she said: “Are they out already?”
Then she looked at me sadly and said :
“If baby had lived I should have named
her for you — Charity,” and somehow it
comforted us both.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

The Bookshelf.

The Outlook to Nature, by Prof. L.
H. Bailey. This book contains four
lectures delivered in Boston last January
as part of the University Course under
the auspices of the Education Committee
of the Twentieth Century Club. The lec¬
tures are entitled : The Realm of the
Commonplace ; Country and City ; The
School of the Future; Evolution; The
Quest of Truth. They are written in
Prof. Bailey’s usual pleasing style, and
will lead any thinking reader to a closer
communion with nature. Published by
the Macmillan Company, New York ;
296 pages; price $1.25 net; postage 12
cents additional.

A Dark Lantern, by Elizabeth Rob¬
ins. A very clever and absorbing novel
of modern English life, sufficiently morbid
and neurotic to be unwholesome reading
for persons of unstable moral standards. It
may be called a study in feminine de¬
terioration produced by too much ease,
comfort, wealth and culture. Miss Rob¬
ins has done some brilliant writing in
this book, as in “The Open Question”
and “The Magnetic North,” but it leaves
an evil savor in one’s mind, and the “dark
lantern” seems but a wrecker’s beacon
after all. Published by the Macmillan
Company, New York; price $1.50.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Get the heating outfit
now! — before Winter
conies.

Now, before Winter — not then,
when it’s here — is the time to
put in steam or water warming,
when makers and fitters are not
rushed as in the Fall. Be ready
to make your own weather in
your own home, store, church,
school or hotel — in country or
city — at the turn of a valve.

American x [deal

iA Radiators ^iBoilers

automatically follow the weather up and down— all
rooms, nooks and hallways are uniformly, health¬
fully warmed. Anyone can take care of an IDEAL
Boiler. The fire keeps all night — the house is
cozily warm in the morning. Any fuel may be
used, even to cheapest soft coal screenings. The
fuel and labor savings pay for the outfit, which
outlasts the building it heats. The freedom from
ashes in the living rooms saves much housework.
You will need our catalogues to select from — sent
free, on request, stating size and kind of building
you wish to heat.

Dept. 6.

CHICAGO

Don’t get Angry

with your razor. It has a
temper of its own. It
will work well if you use

WILLIAMS’ lHHNS

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

[h.e.Reeve Kitchen Cabinet

AT

WHOLESALE

PRICES

We are now sell¬
ing these famous
Kitchen Cabinets
direct from fac¬
tory to you, thus
saving you deal¬
ers’ big profits.

Write to-day for
illustrated c a t a-
logue and reduced
price list to

Reeve Mfg. Co.,

27 Main Street,
Cortland, N. Y.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

1905.

527

The Hen Business.

I am still in the lien business. My 39
pullets are now 54, increased by purchase.
They have done their duty so far; have
paid for their feed and $10 for repairing
house in the Fall, and a net profit of
about $30. They are eight months old,
and 1 fully expect to clear a dollar a hen
before they are a year old. Two weeks
ago I bought about 50 chicks for $5 from
a man who hatches thousands for differ¬
ent people. 1 consider it the cheapest and
best way to get them unless one has an
incubator cellar and other conveniences.
I ordered, at the same time, another hun¬
dred to delivered June 12. This year the
weather has been so wretched that noth¬
ing can grow, and I believe the late chicks
will do very nicely. Some years it is too
hot for them by this time; I put about 115
chickens in a 200-chick brooder, and feed
them chick food and fresh water. 1 have
a scheme for a drinking affair that works
finely. Nail three laths together to form
a trough and put pieces on the ends — paint
it, and there you are ! They don’t get wet
or tip it over, and it is very inexpensive.
My feed troughs are similar. I believe
in the dry food. I have not lost a chick
except by accident. There are 107 left.
The other eight were smothered at night,
one by one, by the others crowding. It
does seem perfectly senseless for those
chickens to squeeze into a tight bunch
when the temperature is up to 90 ! But
it is their nature, and that is hard to
conquer. I am wondering how many
of these chicks will round up in the Fall.
They arc all prize stock, with satisfactory
egg records. I was more particular about
the eggs than the prizes, but I found the
two went hand in hand. I had my choice
of settings of 13 eggs for $1 or chicks at
10 cents apiece. It seems better policy
to buy the chicks. They are White
Plymouth Rocks, Barred Rocks and
Rhode Island Reds. The latter I shall
keep for Winter layers, and sell the
others. The man of whom I bought them
assured me they would make vigorous,
lively chicks, and they have. I have not
been able to get a fence high enough or
tight enough to turn them. They fly
over boards two feet or more high, and
wriggle out through a pin-hole almost.
They seem to have a good deal of super¬
fluous energy that might be used in some
other way.

This year I have planted beans where I
had cauliflower last year — kidney beans.
My uncle gave me the beans, and he and
Father fitted the land and put in the beans,
together with a hag of phosphate ($1.65)
which I bought. I am looking for them
to come up and be hoed. I believe there
is money in farming as in any other busi¬
ness, if a man isn’t afraid of working too
hard or too many hours. No one in any
business can leave off work at four or five
o’clock and loaf round till dark and make
money. In farming one must “make hay
whether the sun shines or not,” and every
minute must be made to count. Nature
will work with you, but she won’t work
for you. ADAH E. COI.CORD.

Some Summer Desserts.

Raspberry Pudding. — Cut a pound of
sponge cake into rather broad strips, and
spread thick on one side with the fruit,
sugared if necesary, or with the jam.
Put one over the other in a log-cabin
pattern, and cover with a rich custard.
Then beat the whites of the eggs stiff with
as many tablespoonfuls of sugar, flavor
with lemon and heap high over the whole.
A very pretty dessert.

Strawberry Cream Pie. — After picking
over the berries carefully, arrange them in
layers in a deep pie plate, sprinkling sugar
thickly between each layer, having first
lined the dish with your best pastry.
Cover with a crust with a slit in the top
and bake. When the pie is baked, pour
into the slit in the top of the pie the fol¬
lowing cream mixture: Take a small cup¬
ful of rich cream, heat until nearly boil¬
ing, then stir into it the whites of two
eggs beaten lightly to a froth, also a

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

tablespoonful of granulated or powered
sugar; boil all together a few moments.
When cool, pour it into the pie through
the slit in the crust. Serve with pow¬
dered sugar sifted on top.

Raspberry Cream. — Two tablespoonfuls

6069 Boy’s Suit, 2 aiul 4 year*.

of granulated gelatin (or half a box),
half a cupful of cold water, half a cup¬
ful of boiling water, one cupful of sugar,
one pint of cream, whipped, and one pint
of raspberry juice from fruit put up fresh.
Soak the gelatin one hour in the cold
water, add to it the boiling water, set on
the stove and stir until the gelatin is per¬

fectly dissolved. Do not let it cook. Add
the sugar and raspberry juice, remove
from stove, strain through cheese cloth
and set in a cold place. When it begins
to form stir in the whipped cream, turn
into a mold and set on ice to harden.

One-half this recipe is ample for a family
of five.

Baked Blueberry Pudding. — One quart
ripe, fresh berries, mace or nutmeg one-
half teaspoonful; three eggs well beaten,
separately; sugar, two cups; cold butter,
one tablespoon; sweet milk, one cup;
flour, one pint; baking powder, two tea¬
spoons. Roll berries well in flour, add
them last. Bake half hour and serve
with sauce. Delicious.

Blueberry Betty. — Put a pint of milk in
a double boiler and put on the fire to
scald. Pick over, wash and drain a pint
of fresh blueberries. Flave ready a pint
of soft whole wheat bread crumbs. Put
a layer of crumbs in a buttered pudding
dish, then a layer of berries, then more
crumbs and so on until the dish is
full, having crumbs on top. Stir two
tablespoonfuls of sugar in the milk, and
when hot pour it over the contents of the
dish. Cover and set in the oven to bake
for about an hour. Stand the pudding
dish in a basin of hot water. Serve with
a tart sauce.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

5% Instead of 4%

MONEY now drawing A p. c.
^‘can bo safely reinvested
through this Company at f* p. c.

— increasing the Income 25 per
cent. Conservative Investors
will appreciate a plan affording
all the security and protit with
out the annoyance of individual
mortgage loans

Description of methods, names
of many patrons, and all desired
information on request.

#25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Assets, . #1,700.000
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

5 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

P1DER MAKING

V ■ Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.
WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 We*t Water St., Syracuie, N. Y.

The Rural Patterns.

The little boy’s suit, No. 5059, will be
found very desirable for Summer wash
goods. The suit consists of the trousers
and the blouse. The trousers are made
in genuine knickerbocker style, full at the
knees and open at the sides. The blouse
is novel and is made with center front
and center back portions, which are ar¬
ranged over the side portions and the
under- faced edges make the effect of wide
tucks. The sleeves are tucked at the
wrists and gathered at the shoulders and
there is a belt at the waist which can be
of the material or of leather as liked. The
quantity of material required for a child
of 4 years is 3 / yards 27, 3 years 44
inches wide. The pattern 5059 is cut in
sizes for boys of 2 and 4 years ; price 10
cents.

The Norfolk suit, No. 5046, consists
of the coat and trousers. The coat is laid
in box plaits that extend from the
shoulder to the lower edges and is sup¬
plied with ample patch pockets and fin¬
ished with a belt. The trousers are in
genuine knickerbocker style, drawn up
beneath the knees by means of elastic
inserted in the hems. The quantity of
material required for the medium size (10
years) is 5 yards 27, 2^j yards, 44 or 2*4
yards 52 inches wide. The pattern 5046
is cut in sizes for boys of 6, 8, 10 and 12
years of age; price 10 cents.

Self Is the only prison that can ever bind the
soul ;

Love Is the only angel that can bid the gates

Monarch
Hydraulic
PRESS

—FOR—

CIDER, WINE,

etc. Greatest ca-
’’pacity, best results with least power. Steel beams,
sills, etc. Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Feature* This Year.

Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.

A. B. FarquharCo'i. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

Room 101. 39 Cortlandt St.. N. Y. City,y

TANKS and TOWERS

We Buii.d A i. r. Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak.
CALDWELL TOWERS don’t f HI
lown.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
a.sk for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

;MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

hai been used by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years, t
It soothes the child, softens the gums, sdlays (
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best t
remedy for diarrhoea.

mirn'V'rv-irTvu' nrVT* 4

Banner Lye

Great help in house leaning
Makes pure soap without boiling

cleans and disinfects

unroll.

And when he comes to call thee, arise and
follow fast;

His way may lie through darkness, but it
leads to light at last.

— Henry Van Dyke.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Seut Postpaid on Keceipt of Price.

American Fruit Culture, Thomas . . $-.50

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, .50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New York.

You do not know what pretty clothes can
be made from calico until you have used

Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

EDdystoNE

PRINTS

Not pretty for a week, or till the first
washing, but bright- and fresh-looking until
the last thread is worn out.

Our calicoes are the standard of the United
States for wear, quality, fast colors, fine
printing, and attractive designs.

Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and- Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.
Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

Philadelphia

BUILD UP

your Health and
Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

Wr

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

528

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 8,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, July 8, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Southern Farm Labor . 517, 518

Experience With Alfalfa in North Caro¬
lina . 518

Notes on Asparagus Culture . 518

A Pennsylvania Farmer on Lime . 519

Working for Alfalfa . 519

Stacking Corn Fodder . 519

Renting Machinery . 519

Notes on Asparagus . 520

Cow Peas in Northern New Jersey . 520

Lime on Moss-Grown Land . 521

Hand Hay Press. . . . 521

Fertilizing Potatoes and Onions . 522

Hope Farm Notes . 523

Crop Prospects . 525

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

The Babcock Test in School . 518

Pasture for Milch Cow . 520

Feeding Potatoes to Pigs . 520

The Outlook for Horse Breeding . 525

The Price of Milk . 525

Eggs in Cold Storage . 525

Desert Dairying; Tuberculosis . 525

Mapes, the Hen Man . 530

Feed and Care of Farm Team . 530

Computing Cattle Rations . 530

More About That Egg Deal . 531

Why Use Hand Separators? . 531

HORTICULTURE.

Puget Sound Tomatoes . . .

Harvesting Raspberries by Machinery . .

Cornus Sanguinea .

Rose Beetles on Grapes .

Greenhouse Work in July .

Ruralisms .

518

519

520

520

521

522

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

Charity Sweetheart's Letters .

The Bookshelf . . • •

The Hen Business . .

Some Summer Desserts .

The Rural Patterns . . ■

526

526

526

r.27

MISCELLANEOUS.

Incubator in Beehive . HI 9

An Experience With Dynamite . 519

Editorials . 024

Events of the Week .

Business Bits . >>25

Publisher’s Desk . 529

Products, Prices and Trade . 529

markets

Prices current at New York during week
ending July 1, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Trices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth — @1.20%

No. 2, red, new . — @1.06%

No. 1, Northern Manitoba.. — @1.14

Corn, No. 2, mixed . — @ 63

Oats, mixed . — @ 36

Rye . — @ 66

Barley . — @ 48

FEED.

Wholesale at New York.

City bran . — @19.50

Middlings . 21.00 @22.00

Red dog . . — @22.50

Linseed meal . — @30.00

Cotton seed meal . — @26.00

Retail Western New York.

Spring bran . 21.00 23.00

Middlings . 24.00 26.00

Red dog . 25.00 @27.00

Corn and oats . 25.00 27.00

Linseed meal . — @35.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Prices given are for large bales. Small
bales 50 cents to $1 per ton less.

Hay, prime . — @ 82%

No. 1 . 75 @ 80

No. 2 . 65 @ 70

No. 3 . 55 @ 60

Clover and clover mixed .... 45 @ 60

Straw, long rye . 65 @ 70

Short and oat . 40 @ 60

MILK.

In effect July 1 the New York Exchange
price was advanced one-fourth cent, or to
$1.21 per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-cent freight zone
where there are no additional station
charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras, lb .

Firsts .

Seconds .

Thirds .

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. .

Tubs, firsts .

Tubs, seconds . .

Lower grades .

Western imitation creamery,

extras .

Firsts .

Western factory, firsts .

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Renovated, extras .

Firsts .

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Packing stock, No. 1 .

No. 2 .

20 %@
19 %@
18 @
17 @

19 %@
18% @
17 @

15 %@

18 @
16 @
15% @
1 4 % @

13% @
17 @

15 %@

1 4 % @
1 3% @
— @

14 @

21

20

19

17%

20

19

18

16%

19

17

16

15

14

16%

15

14

15%

15

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fine . 9%@ — <

Small, fair to choice . 9 @ 9%

Large, fine . — 9%

Light skims, choice . 7%@ 7%

Part skims, prime . 6% @ 6%

Part skims, common to fair.. 4 ”@ 4%

Full skims . 1 @ 2

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white. .

Selected, white, choice . 19

Fresh gathered, extra mixed 19
Fresh gathered, good to ch. . ”T
Western, graded, ch. to fey. .

Western, average best .

Western, com. to fair .

Kentucky, fresh gathered. . . .

DP' ED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy ....

Evaporated, choice . _

Evaporated, prime . 5%@

Evaporated, scarcely prime.

Evaporated, common to good
Sun dried, Can., quarters. . .

Sun dried, Ohio . 2%i

Chops, 100 lbs . 1.40 @1.50

Cores and skins, 100 lbs.... 90 @1.00

Raspberries, evaporated . 23 @ 24

Huckleberries, 1904 . 10 @ 11

Blackberries, 1904 . 7 @ 7%

Cherries . . 13% @ — 1

20 @

21

19 @

19%

19 @

—

17 @

18

17 @

17%

16 @

—

13% @

15%

13 @

14%

7 @

___

6 @

6%

5%@

—

5 @

5%

414 @

4%

3%@

4V4

2y*@

3

FRESH FRUITS,
pples, Red Astrachan, new.. 1.50

App

Green, new

Baldwin .

Russet, Golden
No. 2 stock . .

Pears, Florida, Le Conte

.1.50
. 2.50
.2.50
.1.50
. 3.00

@3.50
@3.00
@3.00
@2.75
@2.00
@5.50
@1.50
@1.50
'"■> i 25

@

@

Plums, Georgia, per carrier. . 75

North Carolina . 1.00

Peaches, Southern, 24-qt . 25

Cherries, Black, lb . 6

Red and white . 4

Sour . 3 _

Grapes, Fla., Niagara, 18-qr.

carrier . 1.50 @ —

Strawberries, S. Jersey, qt... 3 @ 7

Hilton and Irvington . 5 @ 10

Paterson . 5 @ 10

Other Upper Jersey . 4 @ 8

Staten Island . 5 @ 10

Up river . 5 @ 12

Western New York . 6

Blackberries, N. C., qt . 3

Delaware and Maryland. ... 4

Jersey . 8

Raspberries, Red. pint . 3

Black Caps, pint . 3

Huckleberries, quart . 8

Gooseberries, small, quart. ... 5

Currants, Cherry, lb . 7

Muskmelons, Florida, bu. -crate

Georgia . 50

Watermelons, Fla., 100 . 12.00 @25.00

Florida, carload . 100. 00@ 200.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel . —

Common to good . 2.80

Pea, choice . —

Common to good . 1.60

Red kidney, choice

Common to good . 2.50

White kidney, choice . —

Black turtle soup, choice. . . — <

Yellow eye, choice . 1.95

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Southern. Rose, No.,

1 bbl .

South’n, Chili white, No. 1
Southern. Chili red, No. 1 .

Southern, poor .

Old, 168-lb. hag .

Asparagus. Colossal, doz

@ 12
@ 5

@ 8
@ 11
@ 7

@ 5

@ 13
@ 7

@ 9

25 @1.75

@2.00

@3.30
@3.25
@1.85
@1.80
2.82 %@ —

‘ * @2.77%

@3.50
@3.70
@2.00

1.00
75
. 75
, 40

75

,2.00
. 1.50

. 1.00

. 50

100 bnchs.1.50

. 1.00

bunches . . .1 .00
bbl . 10

Extra prime

Prime .

Culls .

Beets, Long Island,

Carrots, old, bbl . . .

Long Island. 100
Cabbage. Southern.

Long Island, 100 .

Cauliflowers, hothouse, doz.
Cucumbers. S. C., l ushel . . .

North Carolina .

Norfolk, bbl .

Corn. Southern, 100 .

Jersey, 100 .

Egg plants, Florida, bu. -box. .1.25

Lettuce, nearby, bbl . 50

Mushrooms, lb . 10

Onions, Bermuda, 3-pk. crate. 10

Texas, 3-pk. crate . 25

Southern, white, bu. -crate. . 75

Southern, Potato, bbl . 1.50

Jersey, white, half-bbl. bkt.1.00
Okra, Fla., 24-qt. carrier .... 1.50
Oyster plants, 100 bunches. .. 2.00
Peppers, Fla., 24-qt. carrier .. 1.00

.2.00
. 75
40
, 50
.2.00
,1.00
.1.00

Tele-

Peas, L. I. & Jersey,

phone, bushel .

L. I. & Jersey, June .

L. I. & Jersey, small .

Radishes, nearby. 100 bunches
String beans, Norfolk, %-bbl.

basket .

Baltimore .

Maryland .

Jersey, wax .

Jersey, green .

Spinach, nearby, bbl .

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 1

Marrow .

White .

Yellow crook-neck .

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl . 1

White, 100 bunches . 1

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier.

Savannah . 1

North Carolina and Virginia 75
Maryland and Delaware. ... 1 .00

Jersey, bushel box . 1.25

Watercress, 100 bunches . 1.00

HOPS.

Choice . 26

Medium to prime . 23

Ordinary . 21

Olds . 10 @

@

35

30

25

50

30

40

50

50

75

30

00

75

75

75

00

00

75

00

@1.50
@1.25
@1.00
@ 65
@1.00
@ —
@1.75
@1.25
@ 75
@2.00
@1.50
@2.00
@ 75
@2.50
@1.50
@1.00
@ 75
@2.25
@2.00
@1.50
@2.25
@ 75
@ 75
@ 60
@ 75
@1.00
@2.00
@ —
@2.25
@3.00
@1.70

@ 75
@ 60
@ 50
@ —

@ 60
@1.00
@1.00
@1.00
@1.25
@ 50
@1.25
@1.00
@1.25
@1.50
@1.50
@ —
@1.75
@1.75
@1.50
@1.50
@2.00
@ —

@

@

@

12

60

German . 50

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chickens, Western, lb.. — • @ 22

Southern . — @ 20

Fowls, Western, lb . 12% @ —

Roosters, old, lb . 8 ”@ —

Turkeys, old, lb . — @ 13

Ducks. Western, average, pair. 70 @ 80

Southern, average . 60 @ 65

Geese. Western, average, pair. 1.00 @1.25

Southern, average . — @1.00

Pigeons, pair . — @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, Western, average best.

Western, mixed . 15

Western, poor .

Chickens, Phila. broilers, 3 to

4 lbs. to pair .

Pennsylvania, broilers . 28

Western, broilers, dry picked
Western, broilers, scalded, 3.
lbs. and over to pair....

Western, broilers, under 3 lbs.

lbs. to pair .

Southern, broilers, scalded.

Fowls, medium size .

Poor to fair .

Spring ducks, L. I. & Eastern

Penna. and Virginia . 17

Squabs, prime, large, white,

dozen . 2.50

Mixed . 2.12

Dark . 1.50

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale jobbers’ prices.

Pennyroyal, lb .

Peppermint .

Sassafras . 50

Spearmint . 4.50

Tansy . 3.75

Wintergreen . 1.65

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers . 4.40

Bulls

Cows . 1.70

Calves, veal . 4.50

Culls . 2.00

Sheep

ambs . 6.75

Hogs .

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers..

Seconds .

Fine wrappers .

N. Y. State fillers .

Average running lots .

Pennsylvania broadleaf Rs. . . .

Va. shipping com. lugs .

Com. to med. leaf .

Med. to good leaf .

Good to fine leaf .

Louisville hurley com. lugs. . .

Med. to good lugs .

Com. to good leaf .

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher. Nitrate of
soda scarce and temporarily high.

Nitrate of soda

. 17@

15

@

16

13

@

14

30

@

35

28

@

30

22

@

25

—

@

23

18

@

22

16

@

18

—

@

13

10

@

12

—

@

18

17

@

18

@2

.75

.12

@2

.25

<§ 1

.62

.00

@1

.10

@3

,30

50

@

55

(a 4

.75

@4,

.25

@2,

.00

.40

5,

,40

@4,

.10

.70

@3,

.25

@7.

,00

.00

@4,

.00

@5.

,00

@9.

00

.00

@6,

.15

5

@

10

25

@

35

60

@

70

3

<§

5

5

@

12

13

@

14

6

@

6%

7%

@

8%

9

@

10

11 %

@

12%

10

@

11 %

11%

@

13%

10

@

1 5 %

Muriate of potash .

Acid phosphate .

Kainit .

Dried blood .

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb.
Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb.

@53.00
@43.00
(a 13.00
@12.50
(n 4S.00
@ 5%

@ 2%

A very subdued-looking boy of about
12 years of age, with a long scratch on
his nose and an air of general dejection,
went to the master of one of the Board
schools and handed him a note from his
mother before taking his seat and becom¬
ing deeply absorbed in a book. The note
read as follows: “Mr. Brown. — Please

excuse James for not being present yester¬
day. He played trooant, but you don’t
need to thrash him for it, as the boy he
played trooant with an’ him fell out, an’
the boy fought him, an’ a man they throo
at caught him an’ thrashed him, an’ the
driver of a cart they hung on to thrashed
him allso. Then his father thrashed him,
an’ I had to give him another one for
being impoodent to me for telling his
father, so you need not thrash him until
next time. He thinks he better keep in
school in future.” — Tit-Bits.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Nil-Culture

BACTERIA FOR INOCULATION.

SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET No. 5

National Nitro-Cultura Co., West Chester, Pa.

AGRICULTURAL LIME.

Fresh Burned and Coarsely Ground.

Finely Ground for Bordeaux, White-washing, etc.
For particulars, address,

THE SENECA WHITE LIME CO„ Fostoria, O

CERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
1 Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

New York State Veterinary College

of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Free tuition to New York State Students. Extended
announcement. Address

Prof. JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot-
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little 12tli St., New York.

FRUITS m VEGETABLES

Strawberries. Blackberries, Huckleberries, Raspber¬
ries, Cherries, Peaches, Potatoes, Mushrooms, Fancy
Eggs, etc. We can secure top prices for choice pro¬
ducts. Write us what you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

I WANT best farm in Connecticut at $2,000 or less
cash, stock and tools, or $1,500 or less without.
Full details. A. H. TURNER, North Haven, Conn.

HOMESEEKER’S GUIDE.

DO YOU KNOW about the “Eastern
Shore” of Maryland? We publish a
Homeseeker’s Guide in the interest
of those desiring to purchasing good
homes. Write for it, it is free to you.

J. A. JONES & Co.,

SALISBURY, MARYLAND.

3,000 MONEY-MAKING FARMS for sale through-
out New England and the South; "Strout's Spring
List, ’ describing and illustrating hundreds, many
XIHUltock, tools and growing crops included, mailed
FREE. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept. 42, 150 Nassau
St., New York City, or Tremont Temple, Boston.

pnD CAI C— An excellent Fruit and Grain Farm,
I lin OH LL Seneca Lake, near Station; 15 minutes
from Geneva. Thirty acres fruit; good buildings;
trout brook; $7,500, worth $10,000. Send 4c. for bul¬
letin. 500 farm bargains; New York State. Mention
this paper. Johnston Real Estate Co., Rochester, N.Y.

RYE THRESHERS

i Clean the Grain;
hbind and pre-
_ I serve the straw.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

Original stock food in America
— Pratts, over 30 years old.

—Needing male

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 help of any kind.

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty
I. HERZ, Genl. Mgr,, 9V Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J

WANTED to sell our Mil aa
For particulars write NIIIIN
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pyinatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

OTnPtf CADM — 171 acres good land. Good build-
01 UU IV iHniYI ings. Near depot $12,000.

HORACE E. WILSON, Lebanon, Ohio.

ATTENTION

AGENTS

h V P1 Cut to tho length you want,
and cut evenly.

Delivered into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The standard by which all other machine* are built*

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
10 to 20 tons per hour# Prices lower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years tho Climax has come to be called The Complete Machine

Warsaw- Wilkinson Co>, 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

To irrigate, water stock or for any pumping, the
best outfit and cheapest to operate is the

FairbanRs-Morse

Gasoline Engine 4 Pumps

For Sale by

[Or cut out complete advertisement and send to

1 FAIRBANKS, MORSE <5 CO., - CHICAGO. ILL.

Please send me illustrated Catalogue No. X 598Gasoline Engines. I may want _ _ H. P.

Engine to run . . .

Name _ _ Street No . .

Town - State

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. _

tionary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND FOR CATALOGUE,

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

_ _ a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

Bnv and Leu to Bun. Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost — portable, sta-
THE TEMPLE PUMP CO-, Mfr»., Meagher A 15th Sta., Chicago, THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

SAVE

$35 to $50

by getting a Knodig Pitless Portable; complete
except floor planks. Guaranteed ten years.

.. , . Here is the evidence : 13.

Write for free catalog of scale information.

National Pitless Scale Co., Kansas City Mo.

Gentlemen The Knodig Pitless Scale has
been tested against a (260 Standard Scale and
proved all O. K. I enclose bank check.

_ Very respectfully, E. J. BUCHAN,

National Pltl«»« Seal. Co., 2100 Wyandotte St., Kaaaaa City, Mo. LaPorte City, Iowa.

SCALES

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

529

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

A. H. Phelps, Clinton, Conn., is not now
an agent for The R. N.-Y., and we will no
longer be responsible for collections made
by him on our account. We are compelled
to make this announcement because our
subscribers are reporting to us that they
have paid him money for subscriptions to
The R. N.-Y. which he has not accounted
for to us. Some of these collections have
been made, subscribers tell us, since he
has become the agent of another paper,
and we are unable to get any satisfactory
explanation or accounting from him. In
some cases it is reported to us that where
money has been sent him for The R.
N.-Y. he has sent the subscriber another
paper insead. Then again he has repre¬
sented to our subscribers that he could
take subscriptions for The R. N.-Y. for
less than the regular price in combination
with the paper he represents, which is
absolutely untrue, and in some instances
has even gone so far as to represent him¬
self as a publisher of The R. N.-Y., which
of course is ridiculously untrue. Repeat¬
ed protests and /arnings both to him and
his employers have brought no relief from
various abuses and breaches of confidence.
We have been reluctant to appeal to the
severity of the law as a matter of protec¬
tion, but if the abuses continue it may yet
become necessary to do so.

We frequently receive letters from sub¬
scribers asking where certain kinds of ma¬
chinery or goods can be found, but apol¬
ogizing for troubling us to look up the
information and reply. We refer to these
letters to say that no apology is necessary.
We are here to be of use to the readers
of The R. N.-Y. We are equipped with
all the facilities to get any kind of infor¬
mation at the shortest possible notice, and
nothing pleases us better than to have
you call upon us for any information that
will be of use to you.

In this connection there is another sug¬
gestion that we want to make. Many of
the large stores and mail order houses
usually make a custom of making what
they call a “leader” of some article which
they advertise. It may be a piece of dress
goods, a carriage, a stove or a barrel of
sugar. It is usually some staple article
with which you are familiar. The price
is made low on these “leaders.” The idea
is that you will also buy other things
when ordering this special article. This
you may or may not do, as you like, but
the “leader” affords you an opportunity to
get such goods cheap. Some careful buy¬
ers watch these things constantly, and
save a great deal of money by so doing.
There is bigger opportunity in it than one
would think who had not followed it care¬
fully. This applies to all legitimate ad¬
vertisers. Of course some unreliable
houses advertising in cheap papers abuse
the practice by offering poor quality of
goods as a “leader,” but no house can
build up a trade by doing so, and the good
houses could not afford to do it. A man
who has made a study of such things for
several years recently said to me that
these “leaders” give farmers the oppor¬
tunity to buy their goods cheaper than any
other class of people on earth. His con¬
tention was that the same special induce¬
ments, quality of goods considered, was
not offered to town customers, and he is
a man who has to do with both classes.
He had no object in misstating the facts.

A Connecticut subscriber sends us an¬
other stock prospectus emanating from
Philadelphia, accompanied by a long letter
urging him to buy stock at par in a com
pany capitalized for $150,000. You can
buy as many as you want, but not less
than five shares, and you can pay for it in
installments. This is another case where
a majority of control of the stock remains
in the hands of the promoters, and the
outside investors — lambs — furnish the
cash. It is entirely a new enterprise. If
the business does not prosper, of course,
your money is gone. If it does prosper,
what is to prevent the men who control
it from getting all the profits? If there

is any good reason why a farmer should
put his money into such doubtful enter¬
prises, we have never yet learned what
those reasons are. We confess to little
patience with promoters who make a busi¬
ness of enticing hard-earned money of
frugal people, such as farmers, mechanics
and employees into stock-jobbing schemes.
Compared with such polished rogues the
business of a common highwayman or
green-goods swindler becomes a respecta¬
ble occupation.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Potatoes. — The market had got Braced up
a trifle’ when another flood of tubers arrived,
and conditions are now about as had as be¬
fore. The top limit is $1 per barrel, except
for extra choice, but such deals are so scat¬
tering and exceptional that they are not
quotable. Old potatoes are quite thoroughly
neglected, selling at 75 cents to .$1.

A Big Raft of about 10,000,000 feet of
timber, mostly piling and spars, will be towed
from the Pacific coast to China this Summer.
This is said to be the largest lot of logs ever
towed. Great precautions will be taken to
avoid accidents, but navigators are protesting
on account of the danger to shipping in case
of the raft breaking up through rough
weather.

Saffron. — “What is the wholesale price of
saffron in New York ?” reader.

Mexico.

In the trade two products pass as saffron.
One is the dried anthers of Crocus sativus,
used in cookery, coloring confectionery and
formerly to some extent in medicine. Job¬
bers ask $4.50 to $7 per pound for this, ac¬
cording to quality. False saffron is the
flower of Carthamus tinctorius, offered at 80
to 90 cents per pound. It is used solely as a
coloring matter, as a substitute for true
saffron.

Live Stock Insurance. — “Give address of
reliable live stock insurance companies doing
business in the United States and Canada.
We have imported some expensive horses and
wish to insure them.” j. p.

Canada.

There appear to be no strictly live stock in¬
surance companies doing a general business
in this country. There are a number of local
mutual benefit concerns which handle more
or less neighborhood business. Some Are in¬
surance companies are said to do a limited
business in this line. The difficulties in the
way of a general live stock insurance trade
are great, and rates would have to be high
to make the risk money making or even safe.
Barring accident by the elements, an owner
can best insure his own live stock by the ex¬
ercise of reasonable care in diet, handling, etc.

Green Peas and Beans have been plenti¬
ful, but the proportion of good quality is
small. I see a great many that have been
left on the vines too long and are tough and
hard. Part of them may bring 10 cents per
bushel above expenses. In warm wet weather
a field of peas or beans quickly gets away
from the growers, especially if pickers are
scarce. The price range on peas has been 30
to 00 cents per bushel. On beans it has run
a little higher up to $1.25 for some nearby
stock that happened to be specially choice.

New Apples are something of a feature in
the market now. Red Astrachan and various
nondescript green kinds are seen. Choicest
Astracbans have brought as much as $3.50
per barrel. These new apples work out in all
sorts of channels from the high-priced fruit
stores down through the round of “green
apple” sauce, dumplings and cake, to the
knotty nubbins sold on East Side fruit stands.

Peaches. — The situation is not satisfac¬
tory, altogether too large a proportion of
spoiled stock having arrived, which has kept
the Board of Health inspectors busy. Here
and there a few nice peaches are offered,
but the bulk are still ordinary, compared to
wbat may be expected later. Prices have
ruled low, $1.25 per 24-quart crate covering
many sales.

Berries of all sorts have shown the ef¬
fects of rain and muggy weather, many of
the more perishable kinds being unsalable.
The weather has been particularly hard on
cherries. Strawberries are still plentiful, but
top prices are a little under those of last
week. The retailers have to do a large
amount of extra work sorting out defective
berries and repacking baskets. I see many
who are 'experts at this, particularly in put¬
ting the best berries on top and juggling the
baskets so as to make them hold less, by
false or bulged-up bottoms.

Muskmelons from the South and Cali¬
fornia are on hand in good supply. As usual,
the price range is wide, owing to varying
quality. The Californias are very much the
better, and more dependable at present, bushel
crates having brought $7, while $2 is the top
for southern, with some going at 25 to 50
cents.

Butter. — There has been a one-cent ad¬
vance since the product was last noted in
this column. This rise at once checked spec¬

ulative interest, and the week has been quiet
so far as this trade is concerned. Some of
the receipts are showing heat defects as the
result of the recent hot wave which extended
over a large section of country. Excessive
heat is one of the worst things that a but-
termaker has to contend with. It upsets all
calculations and makes extra work and pre¬
cautions necessary from the cow to the churn.
The horrible fly pest is usually at its worst
at such times, and the milk of a cow that
has had a day of torture from flies and heat
can scarcely be considered normal, perhaps
not unwholesome, but still the product of an
excited and feverish animal. Plenty of shade
in the pasture and a good fly killer are of
special service during such periods. I have
seen men slash down a pasture lot tree be¬
cause the roots were robbing the grass, and
the cows spent too much time in the shade.
No cow worth keeping will be too lazy or
comfortable to eat enough for the needs of
her milk-making machinery. h.

Clark's Alfalfa. — Geo. M. Clark, of Con¬
necticut, the famous grass man, writes he
is trying Alfalfa on a high and dry soil.
June 1 he writes : “I am sowing 25 pounds
to the acre of Alfalfa seed this morning,
and 800 pounds of high-grade fertilizer to
the acre, harrowing with my smoothing har¬
row in four directions. That rakes the
seed in about 1% inches; then I shall roll
it down lightly and see what will come of
it. There has been no rain of any account
on the field for nearly two months ; dry and
light as an ash heap down at least six
inches, with everything in the shape of
vegetation killed out so that the Alfalfa will
have the best chance it can have in such a
dry section of land.” It will be interesting
to see if this “intense culture” will make
“inoculation" unnecessary.

. '*-'3

A Sure Cure

••• for •••

Cripples.

Don’t despair If your horse has bad legs
or gone wrong. It is almost certain he can
I* cured and made to race quickly and tie
as sound as ever by Stevens’ Ointment. This
great remedy is a perfect substitute for firing and
is the finest blister known, yet in no case, however
often used, does it blemish thehorse and you can
give him his regular work all the time and you
don’t have to lay him up. None genuine without
our written signature!

Price, $1.00 per box, poslpaid.

Sam Parmer, Nashville, Tcnn., says: “I
bought a horse last year for a song for was given
up on account of big oscelletes on his fore legs.

I used Stevens’ Ointment on him and in four
weeks had him ready to race and won three races
with him, one after the other.” Send for Dr.
Stevens' valuable book, 11 Lameness In the
Horse.” It is free.

TUTTLE & CLARK, Detroit, Michigan.

SoleXgents for the United States.

Kendall’s Spavin Cure

as an infallible remedy
for Spavins, Ring¬
bones, Splints,
Curbs and other forms
of lameness has made
a million friends. That
Is why this man says
it Is the

BEST ON EARTH.

Butnpter, Oregon,
March 16, ’04.

Dr. B. J. Kendall Co. ,
Gentlemen:— E n o 1 o s • d
find a two oent stamp for
jour "Treatise on the Horse
and his Diseases." 1 have
used 160 bottloi of your
Kendall's Hpavin Cure In two years and I find It the best liniment on
earth. I follow the horse doctoring business and hare for years.

Tours truly, Dr. GEO. A. WINB0RG.

Price $ 1 ; six for 95. As a liniment for family use it has
no equal. Ask your druggist for Kendall's Spavin Cure,
also "A Troatlso on the Horae," the book free, or address

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., EN0SBURG FALLS, VT.

Sore Shoulders

used to lay a horse up for weeks at a time, resulting
In much annoyance and loss to the owner. Now you
can cure him while he works and never lose a mo¬
ment of hia service by using

Bickmore’s
Cure

Guaranteed to
cure lluruess.

Collar an d
Saddle Galls,

Scratches,

Grease Heel,

Speed Crack,

Cuts.etc. None
genuine without
the “Old Gray
Horse” trade
mark on each box. Beware of Imitations. Ask for
and insist upon getting “Blckmore’s,” for nothing
else is so good. Substitutes yield the dealer more
profit, but cost you the same. Ssmple, enough to
cure one horse, mailed for 10 cents. Write now.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Boi 519, Old Town, Me.

WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 503.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.3 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest or
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. X.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Cures cholera, roup and gapes
Pratts Poultry Food.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos.Oirc. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa

CholceStockforSale.— Bocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns.

Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.: dozen. 60c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultrymcn’s guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 600 illustrations. Describes

thedard Cyphers Incubators

price $6. 60 »n<l up. and 40 Poultrjinen ’n necessities. Free
ifyou Bend addresses of two neighbors Interested in good
poultry. Writo to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, (Jlilcajro, hew York, Kansas
City or 8nn Francisco.

^SQUABS PAY JSSSi

' Easier, need attention only part of
time, bring big prices. Raised in one
month. Money-makers for poultry-
men, farmers, women. Send for FREE
BOOKLET and learn this rich home
industry. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB
CO.. 335 Howard Street, Melrose, Mass.

GOOD PROFITS FROM BEES

Learn liow to make money easily, quickly. Send
for free copy of that lively bee-paper, Gleanings in
Bee Culture. Read it, Then subscribe. 6 months’
trial, 25c. 40 to 60 pages. Semi-monthly. Do it

now. Name this paper and get a free bee-booklet.

A- 1. ROOT COMPANY,

MEDINA, OHIO.

VERY HEN'S A MINT

Km She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfalfa Hay is the green food the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. W rite for free catalog,
narvey Seed Co.. 88 Ellicott 8t., Buffalo, N.Y.

POULTRY

1POULTRYLINE-

jbators. Live Stock, B

a 1 4 ' O ,4 nl ' /V

tQOOOQOOOO

We keep ev-
I ■ X erything in the )
-Fencing, Feed, Incu-5
. Brooders— anything — 2
)it s our business. Call or let us send you)
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the)
(asking — it’s worth having.

> Excelsior Wire Sc Poultry Supply Co.,<

) Dept. H.G. 26 A 28 Yesey Street. New York City. <

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQi

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get the stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Orpington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years are in tnese yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Oats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J- A. BERGKY,J3ox8.Telford,Pa,

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

Yearlings 75 cents.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS. R. I), 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

lau^riuun __

A veterinary apeciflo for wind,
’ throat and stomach troubles.
Strong r tcommends. |1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

TheNewton RemedyCo..
Toledo, Ohio.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn tne
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEOE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prin.

MTVE1IAL Only Sure Cure.

REMEDY Positive and Permanent.
REMEDY Absolutely pure

$1.00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

ABSORBINE

Will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints,
Bruises, Soft Bunches, cure Boils,
Fistula, or any unhealthy sore
quickly; pleasant to use; does not
blister under bandage or re¬
move the hair, and you can
work the horse. #2.00 per bot¬
tle delivered. Book 8-B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind,
$1.00 per Bottle. Cures Varicose
Veins, Strains, Bruises, Etc. Mfd.
only by

W, F, YOUNG, P.D.F.i 88 MonmouthSt.. Springfield, Mass.

53o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 3,

Live Stock and Dairy

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.
Animal Meal; Yarded Fowls.

Do you use animal meal in your flocks?
If so, how do you like it? I have been using
it for about two years, and while it may
increase the egg yield, still I have more
fowls die than before I began to use it. I
keep about 750 hens and mix 15 pounds of the
animal meal in a mash each morning, suffi¬
cient for the morning and noon feed for the
entire flock. I have always given my fowls
entire liberty, but as they do much damage
to my farm crops I am considering whether it
would not be better to keep them in large
yards. I have them in three houses at a
distance apart, 250 in each house. My idea
is to enclose about an acre for each house,
divide that into two parts, and sow oats in
first half, and then in the other to give
them green food, so that each flock of 250
hens would have one-half acre to run in at.
all times. What do you think about it?
Would I get as many eggs from the flock thus
yarded as when they had their liberty, and
do you think it could be done successfully?
My fowls are S. C. W. Leghorns. J. F.

Rockland County, N. Y.

This letter brings up two very impor¬
tant questions for the men who propose
to embark in the poultry business exten¬
sively to decide, and their name seems to
be legion. Queer, isn’t it?

In spite of two failures to one success,
the army is constantly filling with new re¬
cruits. In common with this man we have
made a practice of using animal meal in
a mash. In common with him also, too
many of our hens seem to die premature¬
ly. Jesse (my son and partner) has held
for some time that the use of the ani¬
mal meal is responsible for many of said
deaths. As this letter is received we are
just concluding an arrangement to dis¬
continue its use for a time and note re¬
sults. We shall substitute fresh meats
and livers for the animal meal. We can
buy hogs’ plucks from the large beef
concerns at a cost of about l]/2 cent per
pound. They will come in the regular
refrigerator cars, which supply our home
town with meat, and we will cook them
at home. This will give us a supply of
animal food at low cost, and it will be
clean and sweet, and fit for either hen or
human. While there is little question
but what the animal meal increases egg
production, there is some doubt in my
mind whether it increases mortality or
not. There is also some question whether
the increased egg-production is due to the
mineral matter (bone) or to the fat and
protein. The plucks will have no bone,
and we shall probably supply bone either
in the form of dry cracked bone, or fine
bone meal placed in the mash.

What advantage has this plan over the
common practice of securing carcasses of
superannuated horses, cattle, etc., cooking
them, and then running through a bone
mill? It can be supplied the hens in con¬
dition not tainted with putrefaction,
which is quite an item this hot weather.
It can be depended on as being from
healthy animals, which is more than can
be said of many of the carcasses cooked
for hens, and used in the manufacture of
animal meal. The hens can eat it with¬
out grinding. This is also quite an item
this hot weather. Bone mills generally
arc run in “sweat-shops,” unless steam
power is at hand. Even the lungs of
animals are readily picked to pieces by
hens after they are cooked, and the
pleasure and exercise they secure in doing
it would seem to be advantageous.

How shall we house our hens? J. F.’s
plan to confine his hens in yards rather
than let them roam over valuable land
devoted to other crops I believe to be all
right. There are two of the accepted
theories of the recent past that we are
soon to outgrow : The necessity of so
much room for exercise, and the necessity
of small flocks. Here is one of the men
who have made a success with hens who
is keeping 250 hens in a flock ; while many
have believed and taught that flocks of

12 or 15 are almost a necessity. If the
size of the flock can safely be increased
from a dozen to 250 why must we neces¬
sarily stop at 250? My dream of 1,000
in one room and one flock seems draw¬
ing nearer and nearer its realization.

o. w. MAPES.

FEED AND CARE OF FARM TEAM.

I do not consider my ration or treat¬
ment of team above criticism, but they
keep in good spirits and fair flesh when
the work does not “hustle” too hard. My
team weigh 1,100 each. One is eight years
old, an extra good road horse and a good
worker, the other 10 years old, a good
worker, but the road work, except at a
slow jog, is hard for her. Their road
work is very irregular and sometimes
severe, as we have to go two miles to
post office and blacksmith shop, nine miles
to the railroad, and five to the town where
our butter customers reside. Our hills
are long and steep ; a good deal of grain
has to be hauled for 25 milch cows; now
and then we like to drive to a neighbor¬
ing town to attend Pomona Grange meet¬
ing, etc. The worst of the road work is
that it must always be done quickly, on
account of the waiting “chores” at home.
It sometimes happens that they do not
leave the farm more than once during the
week, and another week they will be
driven daily from five miles to 40, though
probably do not take more than three 40
mile drives in any one year. During the
Winter their work is light, often not
enough for proper exercise, and they are
fed, night and morning, two quarts of
hominy and oats, mixed equal parts by
measure, and two quarts of carrots at
noon. I also give them at night, and in
the morning, what good hay they will
eat in an hour and a half. As soon as
the hard Spring work begins I feed them
two quarts of hominy and two of oats
night and morning, and four quarts of
oats at noon in place of the carrots. They
are turned in the pasture nights, and idle
times during the Summer. When I am
so fortunate as to have enough compe¬
tent help (which costs more and is more
difficult to get these days than grain)
they are given a thorough grooming every
morning, and I greatly regret its ever
being slighted or omitted, as I believe it
helps very much in keeping horses in good
heart. I have a third horse, an elderly
animal, that helps out when the work
crowds too much. I cut and wet the hay
for old horses, but not for those that have
good grinders. I always water often when
driving on the road, and in Summer let
them drink freely of sun-warmed water
when they come from the lot. In Winter
they are watered from the well after feed¬
ing. These horses do the team work for
a farm of 174 acres. I am a dairyman,
keeping 50 head of stock, and raise no
crops except hay, a few potatoes for
family use, and corn for a 100-ton silo.

Litchfield Co., Conn. f. l. ives.

COMPUTING CATTLE RATIONS.

To increase the digestible protein in
cattle rations most economically is often
difficult of determination. I have found
the following rule computed from tables
by Haecker, based on the value of bran,
of service to me. I send it to you, think¬
ing it may be of interest to your readers.

Multiply the following factors by the
price of bran per ton, and you have the
amount per bushel that you can afford to
pay for the different concentrates. Oats
.012; corn .021; barley .018; corn-and-cob
meal .018; peas .047; rye .024; wheat .025.
The same applies to the following in tons:
Cotton-seed meal 2.56; linseed meal 2.21;
wheat shorts .80. For instance, if bran is
worth $23 per ton, you can afford to pay
23 x .012 = .276 per bushel for oats. As
sufficient protein is what the average
farmer lacks in his home-produced ration,
a ready and simple rule, like the above,
for comparing the various concentrates is
convenient to have in his note book when
he is buying feeds.

FREDERICK H. BENSON.

Y\ hen you write advertisers tnenlion Tub
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

It Kills every Insect.
Karbo.

Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, Ill.

Sols-so

MORE-*”'
MILK ,

MORE*

(fKILFLYji

MHUCVI Cows will give 15 to 20 per i
III UN LI I cent more milk if protected I
from the torture of flies with |

CHILD'S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY.

Kills fliesand all insects; protects horses as well
as cows. Perfectly harmless to man and beast
Rapidly applied with Child's Electric Sprayer.
80 to 50 cows sprayed in a few minutes. A true
antiseptic; keeps stables, chicken houses, pig
pens in a perfectly sanitary condition.

Auk dealer for Child’s SO-BOS-SO or scud $1 (npeeiml '
prke) for 1-gal can and Sprayer complete by ex pres*.

CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Manufacturers,
24 LaFayette Street, Utica, N. Y.

No weak, sickly calves
Pratts Calf Tonic.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailingfor Europe personally to select
and. bring over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings; $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret.N.J

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice bred and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

MALE AND FE¬
MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

FOR SALE

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

CCTTCD PIIDQ for sale. For prices & descriptions.

oc 1 1 cn ruro write w. c. todd, wmiston, Md.

PEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
* kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

HORSE AUCTION.

Four Hundred Head of Draft
and Percheron Bred Horses

FROM TWO TO FOUR YEAR OLDS.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 12th, 1905.

Write or wire for circulars.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Kentucky.

Tliey Fatten Quick, the

JERSEY RED PIGS

The FREE Catalogue Explains,

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

IMPROVED LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa.

Springbank i

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. and Sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Keg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Choice lot; both sexes; ready to ship from

! ! Right Kind ! ! Right Size ! ! Right Price ! !
Offer a nice lot of Young Boars for Fall service.

WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd’s Lake, N. J.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. _ Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg:, Pa.

WE HAVE FOR SALE

200 Yorkshire Pigs at $4.50 and $5.50 each, and 250
Berkshire Pigs at $5 and $6 each. These Pigs are an
especially nice lot six to eight weeks old out of pedi¬
greed stock.

We also have three boars three months old at $15
each, two boars six months old at $25 each, and one
boar eight months old at $35. These are extra fine
Berkshire Boars out of pedigreed stock. Also twenty-
five mixed Yorkshire and Berkshire Sows with pig,
at $15 each. Hudson Valley Farms, Glens Falls, N. Y.

Breeders’ Directory

, L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden- Stream 8th,
Dorn Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey buli
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old-

few choice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty- Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS- Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE W Y AN DOTTK8.

W Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FA RM, White Plains, N. Y.

„ YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 l.iberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.: 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. ''Siro
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.MABCOU.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

II O LSTEIN-FR I ESI AN S

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you wantwriteorcoroetose'9
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.'’

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

HOLSTEIN BULLS

from 3 to 18 months old. A

- few choice young Cows;

Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro. N.Y-

GUERNSEY CATTLE ( Kxceiient

Chester White Swine 1 stock now

on sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa.

AYRSHIRE BULLS, COWS AND HEIFERS.

As I am over stocked, I will sell four Bulls from
one year old down to six weeks old; all from the beet
Dairy Stock in America with long teats. Also two
fine Heifer Calves and two Cows. 1 can furnish pairs
not related. Address, 0. E. HATCH, V. S., Gaines¬
ville, Wyoming County, N. Y.

FOR SALE — AYRSHIRES,

daily choice young Bulls, ready for service. Eighty-
five head to select from. Address,

J. F. CONVERSE & CO., Woodvilie. New York.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

SEND NO MONEY.

Order a beautiful, registered, yearling, HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN BULL to head your herd to day. You
need not pay for him unless he suits you.

$5,000 . . GUARANTEE . . $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.
N. B. — 250 Cows, Heifers and Calves for sale. 250
You can got anything you want at Star Farm at
satisfactory prices.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. It. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

Ort —Sixteen choice April Pigs loft, $7.50
■ li Ua each. Booking orders for Fall Pigs.
CLOVERDALE FARM, Valley Falls. N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES gSSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester, Mich

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog: White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, 85 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers- Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD, Lacona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

53 1

MORE ABOUT THAT EGG DEAL

I Lave never had enough experience in
breeding Plymouth Rocks to know whether the
yellow beaks and legs are always present when
first hatched or not. Possibly they may come
all right when older. Assuming that the
birds are defective, and always will be, still
it is not certain that there was any intent to
defraud in this case. So long as purebred
poultry is judged solely by the “points” and
“markings" of each individual, without refer¬
ence to pedigree and without registry papers,
there is bound to be trouble of this kind. A
bird may score very high whose ancestors
were far from the standard, and its progeny
is likely to revert back to a generation far re¬
moved. “If you had sold these eggs, what
would you have been willing to do about it?”
Apply the Golden Rule just as I frequently
have done in similar cases. Either return the
customer the difference between the price paid
me and the price of market eggs for eating,
or else offer to exchange the birds for others
with good markings. lie certainly paid the
price of first-class stock, and ought to have it.

O. W. MATES.

Regarding the trouble between the seller
and purchaser of Plymouth Rock eggs, page
488, I have had experience both in selling
and inlying eggs for hatching. In my experi¬
ence I have found that it is more difficult
to get satisfactory results from eggs pur¬
chased at $5 per setting than it is from eggs
purchased at a lower price. Last year I paid
$12 for 89 eggs. After being set 10 days I
tested out 20 infertile eggs. Of the remainder
I only hatched four chicks, and two of them
died. I could not find any fault with the
two which I raised, but I was not satisfied,
and reported the results to the breeder from
whom I purchased the eggs and he proposed
to duplicate the order for $7. I was not
satisfied with that proposition, and made
him a proposition which I considered fair.

I did not receive an answer to this letter, and
finally wrote him that I would expose him at
the farmers’ institutes. He then proposed to
send me one setting of eggs free of charge.
I accepted this as I considered that it was as
good as he would do, and wrote him to send
the eggs about April 15, 1905. I received a
card from him about April 10. stating that
lie would make shipment about April 15, but I
have not received the eggs or heard anything
from them at this writing, May 20. I have
ordered high priced eggs several times with
unsatisfactory results, hut last year's was the
most unsatisfactory. I think that some breed¬
ers who advertise to sell eggs at $5 per set¬
ting are baited for suckers and if they get
new customers to patronize them, every season
they will make no effort to retain former cus¬
tomers by satisfying them. In answer to
your questions I will say that if the adver¬
tiser had stock that was well mated witli
yellow beaks and legs, as he claimed to have,
at least some of the chicks would have had
the proper color in legs and beaks. It is
my opinion that the breeder did not have the
quality of stock that he should have had to
sell his eggs at $5 per setting, and I think
that he should have refunded the price paid
or sent the purchaser a setting of eggs from
the pens which he hatched his own chicks
from that would hatch chicks with the de¬
sired qualifications, free of charge. I think
that the number of chicks hatched would be
considered a fair hatch. Plymouth Rock pul¬
lets are not as yellow legged when they first
hatch as when they mature, and if your
reader sized his chicks up when they first
hatched he may not he doing justice to the
breeder from which he purchased the eggs. A
reliable honest breeder will not make a
guarantee unless he knows that lie can fulfill
the agreement, and he knows about how many
chicks his customers should hatch from a set¬
ting of eggs under proper care, and he also
knows what the quality of those chicks is,
because he is hatching from the same qual¬
ity of eggs and raising the same kind of
chicks at home. Many of the breeders of
fancy poultry who have made fortunes out
of the business and are selling eggs at a
high price are too independent to care
whether the purchaser of a single setting of
eggs is satisfied or not. and the purchaser
who has not spent more than $5 can credit
the amount to experience, and feel thankful
that lie did not Invest $25. j. w. cox.

I have been am importer and breeder of
fancy fowls for a number of years, but have
only sold eggs for hatching for three years.
In this business every man seems to be a law
unto himself and unfortunately there are too
many in it who are not on speaking terms
with the Golden Rule. Another misfortune
is the fact that a majority of the parties
getting the hen fever and purchasing eggs for
hatching have not the slightest knowledge of
setting a lien or of how a sitting hen should
be treated. They are impatient, annoying and
troubling the hen frequently and needlessly
and conveying to the hen a share of their
nervousness. At the end of three weeks the
hachlng is unsatisfactory and the breeder re¬
ceives a postal card not written by a disciple
of Chesterfield. Years before I commenced
to sell eggs for hatching I read and heard of
hundreds of cases similar in some respects
to the one you quote, but I never would have
attempted to settle one per cent of them.
No man is able to swear positively what hap¬
pened to each of a setting of eggs after they
were laid by one hen before they were placed
under the sitting hen. Still less can anyone
tell how the eggs are treated after being
given over to the care of a hen. Every man
thinks the hen he is trusting with a clutch of
expensive eggs is steady and quiet, hut after
the first week a good many hens get tired of
their job, especially if the nest is unclean
or uncomfortable. If she gets a chance she
sneaks out of doors after a few leaves of
clover, and to dust herself in the fresh earth.
An impatient amateur gets nervous and at¬
tempts to drive her back. Then trouble be¬
gins, and the amateur picks up a club and
chases the hen all over the place, and when
he tires her out he grabs her by the leg and
places her not gently but firmly on the nest
and fastens her on. At the end of the third
week the breeder will doubtless receive a
letter complaining of the hatch and sub¬
mitting the amateur’s expectation of a dupli¬
cate setting without cost.

I think a young fancier in sending money
for eggs for hatching to a breeder who is a
stranger, should have a written guarantee
as to the number that will hatch and the
quality of the chicks. I appreciate the fact
that with a made breed like the Plymouth
Rock there are liable to be a few reverts with
many sittings, hut the breeder who is famil¬
iar with his flock and the line from which it
came ought to know what he can guarantee
with some degree of certainty. 1 never had a
complaint of the character you quote. If a
customer complains of the size of the hatch
I immediately send him a sufficient number
of eggs to make the size of the hatch com¬
plete, and write him to that effect : if his
complaint is honest he is entitled to this
much ; if it is dishonest it would cost more

to prove that than the price of the eggs.
I am happy in the knowledge that in my
three years' experience I have had only four
complaints. Every breeder who advertises
eggs for hatching is aware of the risks of the
undertaking, if his methods are not so per¬
fected as to avoid these in a very large
measure, or if he is not prepared to meet
these squarely and honestly when they come,
he will act wisely to stay out of the busi¬
ness. There can be but little comfort in
pocketing a customer's $5, with the knowl¬
edge that the customer feels that the
breeder lias deliberately swindled him. I
am not familiar enough with Plymouth Rocks
to criticise them. Their beaks and legs
may improve in color with age. Eight chick¬
ens out of a setting of eggs is not a serious
matter for complaint this year.

J. H. SYMONDS.

WHY USE HAND SEPARATORS?

You ask me my reasons for using a sepa-
tor instead of taking my milk to the cream¬
ery as I have done in former years. One rea¬
son is the great saving of time. Now we
have the milk all separated and skim-milk
fed before breakfast, and it formerly took a
good share of the forenoon to carry it to the
creamery. Another advantage is having
warm sweet milk to feed my hogs and calves ;

I do not have to bother to warm the milk
for the young calves as we have had to in the
past. These are my reasons for using a sep¬
arator, as I do not think it amounts to any
more money than the old way. H. K. c.

Sheldon, Vt.

I am using a hand separator, but use a
sheep to separate with. The sheep and power
cost about $25. I keep a dairy of from 40
to 50 cows. I have my warm milk to feed
my calves with, instead of mixed milk which
I would get at a cream station. I would
rather separate my milk at home under shel¬
ter than to be out on the road in all sorts
of weather. I cannot tell you just what the
difference is in carrying my milk to a
cream station or separating it at home, as
far as dollars and cents are concerned, but
I prefer to keep my milk at home for the
above reasons. I see no drawbacks to it if
the work is properly done. W. J. T.

Enosburg Falls, Vt.

After having used a separator for six years
I am ready to say that I consider it a
money saving device, and I prefer to separate
the milk myself for the following reasons.
First, that the milk should be separated as
soon after it is taken from the cows as
possible. All cartage to and from a creamery
is avoided, and the skim-milk is at just the
right temperature to be fed to calves. With
regard to profits gained by the use of a sepa¬
rator over the old style of raising the cream
I would say that I paid $125 for my machine,
and at the end of two years’ time the machine
paid for itself after having separated the
milk for a herd of 20 cows. Of course there
are a few drawbacks : for instance tjie first
cost, which looks rather large ; then there is
the extra chore of keeping the machine neat
and clean. Of course where the separating
is done at the farms there must be ice used
in order to keep the cream sweet, but on the
whole I consider the separator a great boon
to dairying. c. P. C.

Simsbury, Conn.

We are using a hand separator though now
we have put a pulley on it and run it by a
bull in a one-horse tread power, which is
good for both bull and us, giving him exercise
and saving us much. By using a separator
at home we have the skim-milk direct to the
calves before the animal heat leaves it, mak¬
ing good calves to raise for the dairy. The
cream is taken by the cream gatherer three
times per week, and saves us much time that
we would have to spend if we had to cart the
whole milk to the creamery. We like the sys¬
tem, as we do not have to get out In all
weathers, and get our check monthly for our
cream. We think there is less work running
a separator than in the gravity process, be¬
sides getting some more cream. The draw¬
backs are the price of machine and cost for
repairs. We farmers do not find that ours is
a “get-rich-quick" process, but there are but
few farmers who desire to go elsewhere to
farm it. Most of the farmers here are to¬
bacco growers, and many of them are making
money. Some who went into the tent tobacco
scheme lost some money, hut most of the
steady growers have made money. Those of
us who do not raise tobacco depend upon out-
dairies and poultry mainly. I do not know
where a farmer for mixed farming could go
to better himself. With trolleys and tele¬
phones running all through New England and
good prices for all No. 1 produce, farmers
appear to be well satisfied with their location.

Weatogue, Conn. r.

Situated as I am 2% miles from a factory,
we think separating at home has many ad¬
vantages. In the first place, it requires much
less time. We can separate the milk from
eight cows in about 12 or 15 minutes, using
a De Laval hand separator of 450 pounds ca¬
pacity. If we were to deliver this milk to
the factory It would require a horse and
wagon or sleigh, as the case might be, and
some one to drive it. When we reached there,
we would have to wait for our turn to have
it separated : possibly there might be several
patrons ahead of lis. which would require
quite a little time, which to any progressive
farmer is as good as money. We would be
obliged to make the trip in all kinds of
weather, which sometimes would be very un¬
pleasant. Secondly, I consider the milk sep¬
arated at home much more valuable for feed¬
ing purposes, as it is warm. As soon as we
are through separating the warm milk Is fed
to the calves and pigs, which they seem to
enjoy and thrive on. I usually sell about
$200 worth of pork each year, and raise
two or three calves. I think the warm sepa¬
rator milk has a great advantage for this
purpose. If it was separated at the factory
it would not be in proper condition to feed
when it reached home. I have never patron¬
ized a factory where the milk was separated
there. We have some on this plan run¬
ning in this vicinity, but I claim there is no
way that milk can be handled with as little
trouble as to have it separated at home, and
gathered by the cream gatherer twice or three
times a week, as occasion mav require, to
keep it in proper condition. There may be
times during the warm weather that it will
be necessary to use Ice to cool the cream,
unless you have a good supply of cold
water. The Schaghtieoke Union' Creamery
Co. is run under the Babcock system. The
cream is separated at home and gathered by
cream gatherers, who are paid a fair com¬
pensation for doing the work. The patrons
are generally well satisfied with their returns,
the butter is uniform in quality and sells for
the highest market price, and many times
above New York quoations. Most of it is put
up in prints and has always had a good repu¬
tation in market. » 0

Valley Falls, N. Y.

INCREASED CAPACITY

CREAM SEPARATORS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

In line with its established policy of always keep¬
ing FAR IN THE LEAD of all possible competition
by further improving its separators every few years,
the DE LAVAL COMPANY has just let out another
“link” of superiority, which still further widens the
gulf of practical efficiency between the DE LAVAL
and the best of imitating cream separators.

Seemingly perfect as they have been before, the
MAY, 1905, DE LAVAL machines are still further
improved, run still easier, have lower-down supply
cans, and LARGELY INCREASED CAPACITIES,
all for the SAME PRICES as heretofore.

STYLE

OLD

NEW

‘Humm ng-Bibd” .

250

lbs.

300

lbs.

‘Daisy” ....

350

1 6

400

Baby” No. 1

450

tc

500

6 6

Baby” No. 2 (Iron-Stool)

600

l 6

700

66

Baby” No. 2 (Solid-Frame)

600

61

700

66

Baby” No. 3

1,000

66

l,2u0

66

Dairy” Turbine

1,000

66

1,200

66

Send for new 1905 Catalogue giving complete par¬
ticulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & 1 1 Drumm St..
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

| More Than Glean Skimming

W Of course you want that. But you want something
more. Separating cream is an every day, twice a day
job. You want a handy machine. Do you know that
the boasted clean skimming of many separators is at¬
tained at the expense of convenience? That's all
changed in the new

PAPEC SEPARATOR.

Built on a new plan. Its seven gallon reservoir only
36 inches high. A child can fill it and a child can turn
it. So simple it’s almost impossible for it to get out of
order. You'll take new interest in dairying and make
better profits if you buy the right separator. It’s to
your interest to investigate the Papec. Let us send
you catalogue, free.

THE PAPEC MCH. CO.. Box 10, LIMA, N. Y.

v\

jjtjU*

iil

1 Mi

'll

1 M1

Lli

In

'1 HS

lili

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if

'1 Hi

Tm

1 M

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]| prjl

is

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the " Weedsport
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

£A._oo Cream
Separator

— — — — ■ ■rtBia

THEY ARE BOTH C0WS;BUT-

FOR 525.00 we » e 1 1 the

celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR, capacity, ZOO
pounds per hour; 350 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for 529,00:
500 pounds capacity per nourfor
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal ot Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
575.00 to $125.00.

OUR OFFER. ZL'l?1'"

JUST as the fine, healthy, silage-fed cow
** is superior to the scrub, so is the Green
Mountain Silo superior to all other silos

GREEN* MOUNTAIN? SILOS

Are most convenient, most reliable, most profitable
and most durable. They mean more milk, more
cream, more butter, more money — all at half the
cost for feed. Write for free catalog.

Agents for Green Mountain Silos wanted in unoccu¬
pied territory.

STODDARD MFG_ CO.

RUTLAND, VT.

<smm

r CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestvllle, Conn.

rator on our 30 days' free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement If you
do not tind Dy comparisoi _
test and use that it will sk ini
closer, skim collier milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to us at our
expense and we will imme¬
diately return any nroney
you may havepaidforfrelght
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ail. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big otfer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & GO., CHICAGO.

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200sizes; also cutters, blowers
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N. Y.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 5£, Jefferson, Ohio.

LABEL

Dana’s

SEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

C. H. DANA, ? 4 Main St., West Lebanon, N. Si

532

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 8, 1905.

<**fU*m < ****** W$W* i

Mtt

Wmmmw.

s’*?.** *7?* ***■>’>

*m*Tf <#v:

NSILAGE

CUTTERS

Sell Feed
Blower

;n£ o ^ and elevate it into the Silo with a given amount of power than
3 been demonstrated so often that it is now admitted that the

maximum capacity with, the minimum of power. In proof note this

in 14 inch lengths. Power 8 to 10 H. P. steam.
inJ4 inch lengths. Power 10 to 12 H.P. steam,
in 14 inch lenghs. Power 12 H. P. steam. _ ^

The experience of thousands of owners of ‘ ‘Ohio” outfits show

" - ..„Li a positive and reliable guarantee. In addition fftliPsl

, - - ] “Ohio” Self Feed Cutters, equipped with either Blower or rs,J.*t (~i

The Self Feed on the “Ohio” increases the capacity 33% per cent and saves 66% rr- .

Our patented “Ohio” Silage Distributor, which is the latest and most effici-

No. 14. Capacity 12 to 15 tons per hour cut
No. 17. Capacity 16 to 20 tons per hour cut
No. 19. Capacity 20 to 25 tons per hour cut

Our own tests in actual operation show the above facts. T1 _ _

these same facts. To make every buyer absolutely safe we back these facts with
to the sizes named above we continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18
Chain Elevators, as the buyer may desire. r_“ 7-

per cent of the labor required in feeding a cutter. P
ent distributor made, saves the expense of one or more
distribute the cut material to all parts of the silo. —

The Only Ensilage Cutter Exhibited
at St. Louis that was awarded

A GOLD MEDAL.

5* *.*5*;
■ ■

On silage ration, milk costs 68% c, per 100 lbs.

On grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage
$5.86%, with grain $2. 46%. State experiment Stations have demonstrated by tests that Silage Clover
Hay and 4 pounds of grain as a daily ration will ^ ■

produce 40 per cent more beef during winter

months than by other foods. ^ The sheep feeder, g ' _•

has brood sows to carryover, have found ensi- h { OH HI KjG |7 S y / ' : \

lage quite as cheap and efficient for their uses.

Silage costs about $1.50 per ton in silo. \ \ s - — ■ *

Our Large Illustrated Catalogue will give ■'

you a splendid idea of the “Ohio” Cutters, their quality ’ pSjff

and advantage. We will mail you a copy free if you will t&SESsSSCi: : -$ i »

ask for it. Write today. “Modem Silage Methods,’* the ~~ ^ j«Bl

latest and best book on the subject, fully illustrated and &rdv'v- - v Y.\ / mftjtBk

covering the entire subject — construction, planting, feed- • -f -ft

ing, results, etc., will be mailed for 10c coin o, stamps. • j ® L ^

The Silver Manufacturing Co., souio!*

******* 4

k * ❖ * * $ * * * H « s * *4 if

fj&r# <?W*A4 * t/i

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLESAUE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low price's will surprise youA Write for Samples.
0. W‘. 1N0ERS0LL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

555 to 30 per cent commission

to get orders lor our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Pretents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHAKGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

NCHOR FENCE

( is strong, durable ami
economical — made on
a common sense plan.
Sold to you at manu¬
facturer's prices, Send to¬
day for Catalogue " D.

ANCHOR FENCE & MEG. CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

A always buys a good article, B a cheap flimsy 9116.
A buys the Frost Fence and Steel Gates. B a light
weight woven wire fabric. A loans money, B borrows.
Moral— Follow A’s example.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE 00., Cleveland, Ohio.

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s Reversible Rusli & Ilojj Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow a new
cut forest. His Double- Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land

true, moves 18.000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev. .v <£4p
DiskPlowcutsafurrowotolOin.deep, -r° G* in. wide

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
orany foul plant. Send forcir'lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,

Hlgganum, Conn., U. S. A.

Send for
our new
Illustrated
catalogue
FREE

od truck

FEED and ENSILAGE
GUTTER or SHREDDER

With Wind Elevator

We guarantee the “Blizzard” to
De the best and most reliable en¬
silage or fodder cutter obtainable. Strong
and durable ; very economical to run ; no
waste; will elevate to any height or in any
direction. Itwill pay you to investigate the
merits of the “ Blizzard ” before buying.
Write for particulars how to get a ma¬
chine on trial. We assume all risk.

JOSEPH DICK AGRICULTURAL WORKS,
Box 09, Canton, Ohio.

The machines that get all the
any kind of soil, deep or shallow,
rough. Delivered to pickers clean
Easily handled, strong and durable. Simplest and
most practical machine made for potato harvesting.

Send for catalogue.

DOWDEN MFC. CQ., Box 622 Prairie City, la.

HEEBNER’S ENSILAGE CUTTER.

The best cutter on the market for green or dry corn.
Leading ensilage cutter made. It not only cuts but’erushes
the stalks, rendering them palatable. Stock greatly relish
and thrive on it. A 15.00 attachment turns the machine into a perfect
shredder. Rune with least power. Ueed for cutting all kinds of stock foods.
Power can be applied to pumping, churning, grinding, etc. Catalogue free.

HEEBNER A SONS, 22 Brond St., Lonsdale, Pa.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Bevel p I ITTC DO
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage III) I I tnO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’LWORKS, Pottstovfn.Pa

IT DOES THE TRICK ! SF F' P*

SPECIAL.

This axle runs easier than any other, and requires
no attention, ‘•Itl’s A AAT" OHdor.”
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA.

WARRINER’S 8V&S.I.3 STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W- B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestvllle, Conn.

A "/VEI/V" METHOD OF CHURNING.

Half Cheese and Half Butter.

Several days ago a friend telephoned me to come at
once to the office of a prominent broker and see a
demonstration of a wonderful machine. He met me
outside in the hall, and in great excitement told me
“they had the greatest thing out’’ and that he had just
subscribed for $2,000 worth of stock at par. 1 went in,
found about a score of business men and women present
greatly interested in the “demon¬
stration” of the Wonder churn by
the inventor and patentee. I was
just in time to witness the oper¬
ation. The inventor (I did not
learn his name) took a quart of
regular bottled milk, and over a
gas stove, in a pan of water,
heated it to 98 degrees F. He
then brought out his Wonder
churn, a tin cylinder about four
inches in diameter and 14 inches
high, in the bottom of which he
deposited an “absorbent disk,”
made of perforated tin filled
with mineral wool and asbestos
(so he explained). Fitted to the
cover was a metal dasher like
that in an ordinary ice cream
freezer. The operator put the
disk in the bottom of the can
and poured the milk in. To the
disk he had attached a string.

He let the milk stand a few min¬
utes while he explained that the
disk was absorbing all the water
from the milk, leaving nothing
but the butter fat ; then he pulled
the disk up through the milk
and said he was ready to make
butter. He put in two pounds
of ordinary creamery print but¬
ter that had softened up a little
near the gas stove, added a lit¬
tle extract of carrots, and about
two ounces of what he called
vaporized salt. He put in the
dasher, turned the crank for
four minutes, announced that it
“had come,” took out the dasher,
poured the contents of the can
into a pan of ice water, let it
harden a few minutes, and
weighed out to the astonished
audience “ four pounds of fine
sweet butter.”

Having had several years’ ex¬
perience in making both butter
and cheese, I too was interested,
but not astonished at the results
attained. Heating the milk to
98 degrees convinced me the
operator was making cheese, and
I watched to see him add the
extract of rennet The extract
of carrots seemed innocent, so I
asked him to let me see the salt.

I at once smelled and tasted the pepsin. I accused him
of using it, and he explained that pepsin was used to
keep it; that it was healthful, etc. I called my friend
aside, told him the “butter” was at least half cheese,
explained the absurdity of the metal disk an inch thick
and four inches in diameter absorbing the water from
two pounds of milk, and finally offered to hunt up the
copy of The R. N.-Y. of two or three weeks ago, and
show him how you there exposed this same old process.
My friend withdrew his subscription. I called up our

State Dairy Commissioner and asked him to investigate
it, which he did, corroborating my opinion in every par¬
ticular. Still the promoters insisted, and I understand
they have organized a stock company ; paid the in¬
ventor $13,000 for his rights in the United States, and
are going ahead in making and selling the machines.
And this in enlightened Hartford in the days of stren¬
uous publicity! The city investor with his oil-well
schemes, his million-dollar gold mines at 25 cents a
share, and his Wonder churn has no laugh coming on

the occasional farmer who gets caught by a “gold brick”
or a bundle of “green goods.” G. l. v.

TREES INJURED BY WHITE LEAD AND OIL.

Referring to the recent discussion regarding the use
of white lead and oil on the trunks of fruit trees, I wish
to describe a case which has recently come under my
observation. Z. C. Bowen, of Waterbury, had a number
of young fruit trees, mostly apple, and reading about

the use of this material in Virginia by Prof. Alwood
and others, decided to try it upon his trees, thinking
that it might keep out borers as' well as prevent the
gnawing of the bark in Winter by mice. In the Spring
of 1904 he painted the trunks of about GO apple trees
and one pear tree. 1 hese trees varied in age from two
to 12 years. A few of these died, but the owner sup¬
posed from Winter injury or some other cause, as most
of the trees appeared to be. thrifty. In the Fall of
1904 Mr. Bowen gave another application to these same

trees and some others, the total
number treated being 122 apple
and five pear trees. The trunk
was painted from the ground up
to the tops, and as the trees were
headed high, the lower part of
the tree was covered in some in¬
stances to a height of six feet.
Out of the 122 apple trees thus
treated 96 are now dead, seven
seem to be quite thrifty, while
the remainder are unthrifty.
Some of these have one. or two
withered branches, and others
are almost dead, and show only
a few green leaves. In some
cases the tops are entirely dead,
and new growth is coming out
of the trunk ; eventually these
will doubtless make good trees.
Many, of the trees which are now
dead blossomed freely, and even
put out some leaves; then with¬
ered and died. Mr. Bowen
thinks that a good rain soon
after the trees blossomed might
have saved some of them. In
the Spring of 1904 Mr. Bowen
also printed the trunks of 60
other trees for a height of 12
inches above the ground. A few
of these were unthrifty last year
and most of them are now dead.

I made an examination of these
trees on June 9. Evidently they
were injured somewhat during
the Winter of 1903-4, as the
twigs show blackened wood in¬
side formed previous to last sea¬
son’s growth, but there is no
question that most of the injury
was caused by the white lead
and oil, probably the oil. It pen¬
etrated the bark and injured the
cambium layer in almost exactly
the same manner as the crude oil
which is applied to kill San Jose
scale. Mr. Bowen’s experience
points to the same results ; name¬
ly, that a Spring application may
be far less serious than a Fall
application. In the latter 'case
the oil has a long time to remain
upon the bark before growth
starts in the Spring, and there¬
fore penetrates deeper into the
tissues. In using kerosene and
crude oil against the scale we found this to be true.

Aside from this form of injury, the white lead and
oil forms an impervious coating over the lenticels of
the bark, thus shutting out the air and suffocating the
trees. After the Spring painting in 1904, the immediate
growth caused the bark to crack in many places on the
trunks, thus breaking the coating and admitting air, so
that the trees were not so seriously injured. Mr.
Bowen has suggested that 1 send this account of his
experience to you for publication to save other growers

534

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 15,

from killing their trees. It occurs to me that perhaps
painting the lower part of the tree trunk with arsenate
of lead might be effective in keeping out borers and
also in preventing Winter injury by mice. I know
that it is harmless to the tree. If we can apply arsenate
of lead, say one or two pounds to 10 gallons of water,
it will cover the bark with a poison which will stick
on for a long time. I have seen maple and hickory
trees sprayed with this mixture, though more dilute,
and it could be seen on the bark for several months, or
perhaps a year.

Though white lead and oil has been used on many
trees without injury, it must be considered a danger¬
ous practice, and it should not be applied to trees ex¬
cept occasionally to cover large wounds caused by the
removal of limbs, or breaking of the branches by
storms, etc. Even then care should be used to keep it
away from the inner bark or cambium; but to cover
the bare wood it answers very well, as it keeps out
moisture, prevents that portion of the tree from drying
out, and prevents decay. The materials used by Mr.
Bowen were purchased from a local store, and were
supposed to be pure articles, at least so far as pure
materials can be obtained from ordinary dealers. Fig.
225 gives the appearance of one of these trees as it
looked on June 9. w. E. britton.

HOW TO BUILD A SIX-SIDED SILO .

I am greaty interested in Mr. Manchester’s account of
octagonal silo, page 455, and would like more of the details
of putting frame togellier; also explanation of the black
dots on diagram No. 192, which I do not understand. I
have felt the need of a silo for several years, as I do nor
think I get the full value from my large crops of corn when
ground in corn and cob meal and fed to dairy cows, but the
high price of patent tub silos has heretofore deterred me
from purchasing. Mr. Manchester's plan of a cheap home¬
made silo looks practicable. Please tell us more about con¬
struction, how frame is put together to prevent spreading,
etc. This will interest many of your readers In this section
of Orange County, where the silo is seldom seen, but where
the want of it is becoming a serious drawback to dairying.

Howells, N. Y. c. a. e.

The first tiling is the foundation, and this should be
solid. Dig a ditch around where the wall is to be
about 18 inches wide, two to three feet deep ; fill this in
solid with stones, ashes, cinders or anything that will
not be heaved by the frost. Here we dig down to hard-
pan for the entire surface of the silo and put on this
two or three inches of cement. Portland is the best, as
it dries quickly and stays in better shape. For the bot¬
tom pieces of the framework we use 6x6 sticks. Ours
are eight feet long, and this gives a silo of about 16
feet inner diameter. Cut off three inches from end of
each stick where they lap, so that the bottom pieces of
framework will be level. Select a level spot near the
silo, and put this 6x6 section together, taking care
to get it true, as all the rest of the silo depends upon
this. Now go ahead laying t.ji your 2x6 pieces, setting
them right over the 6x6 sections. Do not cut out the
ends; simply lap them, using spikes 3/ or 3-)4 inches
long, about four spikes at each end. Before nailing see
that all are trued up to your 6x6 pattern, and should
be right over it. The number of sections you will want
will depend on height you wish to build silo. Allow
18 inches for first, 24 for next three, then 30 for three,
and 36 for remainder. If you have followed directions
your framework is all nailed together, and each section
can easily be picked up to put on permanent structure.
Now saw eight pieces 2 x 6, 18 inches long, to hold up
first section, and eight pieces for every other section just
the length you are to have the sections apart. By hav¬
ing all sections nailed ready complete to put on the
permanent structure you save a lot of time and bother,
as it is a simple matter to set each section on the little
posts you have sawed and ready. For the real silo, set
your 6x6 bottom section ; then set up 2x6 posts at
each corner, toe-nailing each one with a tenpenny nail.
Set on your first 2x6 section, putting a nail in each
post to keep it steady, and so right on up to the top.
It is all ready now to board, and we use matched pine
here, costing $25 to $30 per 1,000. One thickness only,
no paper or other lining, as we have found by experi¬
ence that one thickness is much more durable than
more, as it dries out quickly. If you are to have a tall
silo you will have to break joints in boarding, and do¬
ing this on different sections makes a stronger silo.

As to doors, we have five in a 25-foot silo. They are
simply made, put on from the inside, and airtight. Be¬
tween two sections where we are to have a door we
place two posts 2x6, setting them an inch narrower
on each side than our door is to be, and allow an inch
on upper side of lower section of door, and lower side
of upper section. Then all you have to do is set door in
place, and silage holds it tight. An outer covering to
the silo is not essential, but of course it makes the silo
look better, is a little more durable, and the dead-air
space prevents much freezing if it is in an exposed
place. This silo requires little lumber, can be built
quickly and cheaply, and doesn’t require a skilled me¬

chanic. Dots on diagram No. 192, page 455, mean noth¬
ing, and I was not aware they were in diagram sent.

To prevent silo spreading or opening we use two
rods around silo which protect lower six sections, as
in Fig. 224. A is stick just covering three sections and
where the rod C hits it is about four inches thick.
B B B are sections of frame. C is rod which only
touches silo at corners D, and where it passes over A.

In Fig. 223 dotted lines represent the door as it sets
against the framework from inside ; tight and no patent.

If. G. MANCHESTER.

WOOLLY APHIS ON OLD TREES.

We have quite a large orchard in Ohio, and have dis¬
covered that the Woolly aphis is damaging the roots of the
trees very materially. We recently examined the old apple
trees, and found that the roots are a solid mass of knots,
and covered with aphis. Last year we dug around the
trees, put in tobacco dust next to the trunk of the tree, and
at the beginning of the main roots. We find that this plan
does not affect the roots which are eight and 10 feet from
the tree. We fear unless we get the ravages of this pest
stopped we will lose our orchard in the course of time. We
would like to ask about sprinkling the tobacco dust over
the ground, where the small roots would extend, perhaps
eight, 10 or 15 feet from the tree; also as to the advisability
of boiling the tobacco dust, thus making a very strong mix¬
ture either to pour upon the ground or appiy in some other
manner, or if some plan could be advised whereby a large
number of trees could be so treated. c. m. d.

Huntington, W. Va.

I have had no experience with tobacco in any form,
and all I know about it is what I have read. I have
plenty of the lice on my tree roots, too, and all I do is
to let them alone. If the trees are furnished plant food
and moisture so as to promote good growth they will
likely outgrow the lice to a great extent. I fear that
it is not practical to treat many or any trees in a com¬
mercial way to keep the lice off. If there is a good
remedy I would like to know more about it.

Ohio. u. t. cox.

I have had very little personal experience with this
pest further than among young trees in the nursery row,
where we find an occasional tree so affected, and our
mode of treatment is to throw all such on the brush pile
and burn them. I know, however, that tobacco water
is recommended for this trouble, and a liberal supply
of this dust under the trees might be of benefit. Were
the orchard mine, however, I should note carefully the
condition of the trees as to foliage and general health
and appearance, and should there appear no special
indication of trouble I should depend on keeping up
this condition more by good cultivation and care than
on the tobacco dust. On the other hand, if the “old
trees” look sick and in poor condition, etc., use dyna¬
mite, blow them out, burn and plant a new fresh or¬
chard in fresh land. It may pay to treat a young
orchard or some of its individual trees for aphis, but
never an old one badly affected. geo. j. foster.

Illinois,

The only practical remedy for the Woolly aphis at
present in use is the application of the dust or stems of

BRACE TO PREVENT SILO SPREADING. Fig. 224.

tobacco. This is easy enough with young trees, but
where the root systems of old trees have become so seri¬
ously infested as described, the task of eradicating the
pest would be a heavy and expensive one. The appli¬
cations could be effectively made only by stripping
back the soil from the main roots as far as possible. In
sandy or porous" soil it might be well to try injections of
one-half ounce charges of bi-sulphide of carbon. This
may be done by thrusting down a sharp iron or steel
rod, making holes about a foot deep and 18 inches apart
either way, above the infested root system of the tree.
The bi-sulphide of carhon is then poured into the open¬
ings from which the fumes of the deadly gas will pene¬

trate the soil in every direction. Care must be exercised
in using this substance, as it is very explosive. It would
be an expensive and laborious task to apply either rem¬
edy given, and it is doubtful whether the results would
justify the expenditure in either method, where the
trees are so seriously infested and so large in size.

Why not try stimulating, the trees with generous appli¬
cations of fresh, unleached stable or barnyard manure?
Personally I should have more faith in the effectiveness
of a leaching of liquid manure from a heavy application
of such material than the leaching of a small quantity
of the decoction made from tobacco stems as suggested
by the inquirer. F. H. ballou.

Ohio.

The profits will be small and the days be few, of an
“old" apple tree whose roots are "a solid mass of knots
and covered with lice.” To find a remedy which will
restore such a tree to good health, means that you must
find one which will not only penetrate the interstices be¬
tween the knots and roots, but follows the roots out to
their extremities, and at the same time the remedy must
also exterminate the ants which cultivate the lice.
To find all of this is by no means an under¬
sized problem. I have abandoned a young or¬
chard of about 100 trees for the want of such
a remedy. I tried two remedies without much success.
About one bushel of water-slaked lime was put around
the crowns of some of the trees with little or no effect
so far as I could see. A surface application of tobacco
I thought checked them for a short time. If the cost
is not an object to your correspondent I would sug¬
gest to him to try the following plan : Start the break¬
ing plow in the center between the rows, throwing the
soil from the trees; follow up the plow with tobacco,
putting it down in the bottoms of the furrows. Plow as
deep as you can without too great injury to the roots
of the trees; this will put the tobacco down close to
the lice. Lncover the crowns and roots not reached by
the plow, apply tobacco and cover up again. Then thor¬
oughly spray the tops of the trees with a decoction of
tobacco. Cultivate thoroughly with a disk harrow, and
follow with a heavy roller. This will mix with and im¬
prison the ants in the soil. In about 10 days turn the
soil back, as in about that time chemical action will have
destroyed the insecticidal properties of the tobacco, and
the remaining ants will have formed into colonies again.
Cultivate with disk and follow with the roller as be¬
fore. By this method I cleared a plum orchard of the
green aphis and ants, with the exception that I did not
use tobacco on the roots. j. w. trinkle.

Indiana.

THE VALUE OF BURBANK’S FRUITS.

Reading the newspaper accounts of the donation to
Luther Burbank of $100,000 for his plant breeding pur¬
poses, suggests the question. Of what value to the east¬
ern part of the United States are the various fruits,
etc., of his origination? Doubtless they are valuable in
California and on the Pacific Coast, but are they of
much value to the eastern fruit grower? It would be
interesting- to have the opinion of fruit growers on the
subject. I have been testing most of Mr. Burbank’s
“new creations” introduced for the past 10 years. We
are located in latitude of Richmond, Va. ; our Winters
are generally mild, the evergreen Magnolia being per-
factly hardy, yet at times for a few days we have very
cold weather* — 10 to 15 degrees below zero. During the
extreme spells the various plums originated by Burbank
have been injured greatly. Some varieties, like the Del¬
aware, have been killed outright; others, like the Bur¬
bank and Wickson, with new growth badly killed back.
During the 10 years I have only had one good crop on
two varieties, the Burbank and Juicy; the several other
varieties have never matured a plum, though the trees
were well taken care of. The Burbank is a very large
plum, but not to be compared in quality to the Lom¬
bard or other fine European plum, or even to some of
our best natives. 1 he Juicy is a better plum in quality
than the Burbank. Gold and Wickson have never pro¬
duced a plum. 1 he European class of plums is more
reliable here than any of the Burbank hybrids or the
Japan varieties. All these are more tender in wood,
and bloom too early in the Spring, and arc affected as
badly by the -curculio as the European. In fact, the
curculio seems to attack all stone fruits with equal
severity of late years here. I have also grown many
others of Mr. Burbank’s originations. The Iceberg
blackberry is an interesting novelty, but of little use for
market. The Mayberry, which was introduced as a
most wonderful fruit at $5 each, said to ripen before
strawberries, was a complete failure here. There have
been many thousands of trees of these various varieties
of plums planted in southern Illinois, and I feel safe in
saying that not one tree in 10 has produced the owner
enough fruit to pay the original cost of the tree, to say
nothing of the care it has received or the land it has
OCCUpied, M. L. BENSON.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

535

STRING FELLOW TREE CULTURE .

On the horticultural grounds we have from time to
time put out a number of young trees pruned 'accord¬
ing to the String-fellow method. We have tried plant¬
ing them in sod, as recommended by him, and have
also tried pruning in the same manner and giving clean
cultivation. Under our conditions the method has not
given satisfactory results in our hands. Trees pruned
in this way and given clean cultivation have done
far better with us than trees similarly pruned
and planted in sod as recommended by Mr. String-
fellow. While neither peaches nor apples have
done as well by this method as by the ordi¬
nary method of less severe pruning, peaches have suc¬
ceeded far better than apples have, or perhaps I
might say conversely, apples seem to have suffered
from the severe pruning more than peaches. A large
portion of our trees so severely pruned at the time of
planting have each time died. 1 will say, however,
that those trees which have lived through the first sea¬
son have invariably shown remarkable capacity for
taking mi accelerated growth in subsequent years. Those
trees, whether peach or apple, which have pulled
through the first season have invariably made good
growth the second season, and in many cases have
fully caught up with the trees which were not se¬
verely pruned during the third season.

If in our soil and under our conditions • we can
succeed in getting the trees to live during the first year
in sufficient proportion to get a good start, I should
consider that the greater cheapness of planting and
handling, and the capacity which the trees show in later
years to develop well, would certainly make this method
of handling worthy of trial on the part of the com¬
mercial growers, even in this section. In many other
sections of the State I have seen this method tried by
commercial growers, both with peach trees and with
apple trees. Some report unfortunate results from it,
while others report most excellent success. Generally
speaking, it has been more frequently reported as suc¬
ceeding well with peaches than with apples in this
State, so far as I have heard. A number of men, par¬
ticularly in the Ozark section, in the southern third
of the State, say that they would not plant peach trees
any other way than by the Stringfcllow method. Pos¬
sibly a still greater number incline to the ordinary
method of planting.

I have seen comparatively few growers who have
tried the process in the clay loams of the northern half
of the State who have not reported about the same un¬
fortunate results which we have secured. Some of
the apple orch&rdists in south Missouri report that
they have secured excellent results by the Stringfcllow
method, but I have not heard of its being successfully
carried out north of the porous red soils of the Ozarks.
Even while the Stringfellow method is not adhered
to, I believe it has done us at least a splendid service
in showing us that it is not necessary to retain any¬
thing like the large quantity of fibrous roots which was
formerly supposed. Many of the largest orchardists
of the State are cutting back the roots of their trees
much more severely than formerly, even though they
have not approached the Stringfellow method. Many
of them agree with me that a large quan¬
tity of small fibrous roots, almost sure to
dry out in handling, are a detriment to
the tree rather than a help to it ; that
the soil can be much more firmly com¬
pacted about the main roots provided the
fibrous roots are hastily slashed off at
the time of planting. In other words,
these small roots may be (particularly if
dry) a disadvantage rather than an ad¬
vantage to the root system of the tree.

Missouri Exp. Station, j. c. whitten.

GET READY TO SAVE SEED .

Why are farmers as a rule so indiffer¬
ent as to the seed they plant? Is it care¬
lessness, or is it a lack of knowledge ?

Twenty years ago, in my early experience
along this line, I planted anything that
answered to the name ; that is, corn was
corn, melons were melons, and so on. I had not long
to wait for results; several fiat failures in rapid suc¬
cession soon taught me that everything grown and sold
under the name of seeds was not the proper thing to
plant and then expect best results. We may fit our
fields in the best possible condition, fertilize sufficient
to grow maximum crops, give thorough and intelligent
cultivation, and have fair climatic conditions; still,
without proper seed, the result will be disappointing.
Yet on every hand we see farmers failing from this
cause every season, and ever ready to explain the
cause and lay it to something else, when in reality poor
seed was the primary cause. I venture the assertion
that more money is lost every season from planting
poor seeds than from any one cause, and this without
fear of contradiction.

Is this the seed merchant’s fault? No, certainly not.
The demand for cheap seeds is far greater than the
demand for good pure seed, and so long as the far¬
mer demands cheap seed, that is what he will get, and
be disappointed in his crop almost every time. Good
seeds cannot be produced and sold at a cheap price,
and until. seed buyers realize this fact, conditions will
remain the same. It has been clearly proven by numer¬
ous experiments that large seed will germinate better
and produce a larger crop than ordinary seed, yet we
see quite often farmers selling their best and keeping
the poor to plant, or buying the poor because it is
cheap, hoping to save money by so doing. Where can
there be any gain in saving one or two dollars on the
purchase of seed, then losing all, or nearly all, the crop?
I know of one instance where certain grass seeds were

A TREE KILLED BY PAINT. Fig. 225.

bought for $5.50 per bushel, and it was so mixed with
dirt and foreign seeds that the good germinable seed
cost over $7 per bushel. How is this to be remedied?
By having a better knowledge of the seeds we plant.
From the standpoint of the trucker or market gar¬
dener more care should be exercised, because the crops
grown arc such that failure entails great loss. In se¬
lecting seed for market garden crops there are several
essentials necessary to success. The variety we wish
to grow, its form or type, formation of the plant, pro¬
ductive qualities, earliness, hardiness, and quality of the
product. All these should be taken in consideration
before seeds are saved for future planting. Can we buy
such seeds as these? No, not to-day. Then we should
save our own. Any farmer, trucker, or market gar¬
dener, can, if he will, improve almost any crop he
grows, provided seed selection is done along the lines

referred to above. Some seeds are better grown in
certain localities where soil and climatic conditions
are ideal for that particular crop ; for example, the east
end of Long Island is famous for its cabbage, Connecti¬
cut for carrots and onions, and so on. Aside from this
there are numerous crops grown by farmers that should
receive their special attention as to seed saving at
home.

The tomato and pepper growers of this section are
very particular as to the seed they plant. They go
through fields selecting only such plants as conform
to their ideals of what such plants should be, not tak¬
ing a few fruits that happen to be large from any
plant, but by taking the plant as a whole, its forma¬
tion, the amount of crop it has produced, the perfect¬
ness of the fruit as a whole, earliness, if that is a point

to be considered, etc. These two crops have been so'
improved by this method that they would hardly be
recognized along with what was grown 20 years ago.
1 he same may be said of corn and many other crops.
After selection conies the gathering and care till needed
for planting. If this is carelessly done all previous
work may be wasted. All seed should be left on the
plot till thoroughly ripe before picking, and in the
case of wet seeds they should be separated from any
pulp or foreign matter as soon as possible, washed and
spread out to dry, and thoroughly air-dried — but not
in the direct rays of the sun. As soon as dry they
should be bagged in good manila paper bags. This is
not so essential in the case of large seeds, but very
much so with small ones, as it has been clearly proven
that small seeds lose their germinating power much
faster where exposed to a circulation of air. Store in
a dry, cool place ; this is important, as some seeds are
injured by too much drying. The germ may also be
injured by severe freezing. If farmers as a whole
would be more exacting as to seeds they plant, a more
profitable and more salable product would be pro¬
duced, and that with scarcely any financial outlay.

New Jersey. c. c. hulsart.

AN AIR PRESSURE WATER SYSTEM.

We understand that you have used an air pressure water
system. Will you tell us how it operates, and where you
plan to force the water? Does it give satisfaction? What
power do you use on the pump?

It operates like any ordinary pump; u... be operated
by a little engine or windmill. It forces the water all
through my home, giving perfect satisfaction. We
pump by hand. It is advantageous, has no drawbacks.
When you have it put in you have no further expense.
It is a godsend to those who suffer from want ot
water from town supply being short or want of force
to send it to different places. F. m. ward.

Pennsylvania.

For many country homes the air pressure water sys¬
tem is a most desirable equipment. Gravity or water
power by means of the hydraulic ram are desirable
systems, but many places have to depend on wells or
cisterns for a water supply, and then one has the
alternative of a tank in the attic or the underground
air-pressure system. In either case the water has to be
forced, and I doubt whether there is much difference
in the power required to lift the water to the attic or
to charge an underground tank. The attic tank is sub¬
ject to leakage or liable to freeze up. In either of
these cases it may cause unpleasantness in the house.
The pressure system is possibly more costly, but when
once installed it is a blessing to country people who
have to depend on wells and cisterns for their water
supply. The tank can be charged either by hand power
or by the use of some kind of small motor. When a
limited quantity of water is needed it can be supplied
by hand, but where the supply is abundant and the
use liberal a motor should be brought int© service.
We use only hand power to supply the kitchen on first
floor and bathroom on the second. But charging a
tank is not a diversion by any means, nor is pushing
water up to the third or fourth story of a house. The
pressure tank should be as close to cis¬
tern or well as possible to insure best re¬
sults. The success of the system depends
much on the plumbing. For four years
it has worked satisfactorily on my place,
with practically no expenses for repairs.
In a word, the system is all right if the
work is done right. h. c. snavely.
Pennsylvania.

Our air-pressure water system consists
of a tank 30 inches in diameter by 10
feet in length, located in the cellar. In
this water and air are forced by a pump
of special construction (located for con¬
venience over the sink in the kitchen)
from the cistern in the cellar. The pump
differs from an ordinary force pump in
having a small cylinder for the purpose
of compressing a little air and forcing it
in with the water at each stroke. The
pressure is retained in the tank by a check valve. The
inlet and outlet being on the under side of the tank,
the air will (as in the air chamber of a force pump)
raise the water to any height, according to the
pressure. We get a good flow on the second floor with
less than five pounds. We have a regular steam gauge,
which, though not necessary, is a great convenience.
By about five minutes’ work I can pump enough to raise
the pressure five pounds, which will be enough to last
all day, on an average. The advantages are that we
have all the comforts and conveniences of a water sup¬
ply; closet, bathtub and lavatory, with hot and cold
water on first and second flomrs at a merely nominal
cost. The disadvantages are that we have to pump
the water. I hope at some time to have a small gaso¬
line engine for that. If our well water had been soft
enough for domestic purp.oses I would have had a
windmill arranged to fill the tank.

New York. clarence j. elting.

TWO HOLSTEIN COWS FROM OAKLAND FARM. Fig. 220.

See Page 540.

536

July 15,

FARMERS CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.!

Alfalfa for Inoculating.

A. 11., Thompson, Conn. — We have some
bunches of Alfalfa lliat came up below the
henyard three years ago that look line; we
cut three times. A strip that was seeded was
not a success except in spots where it was
rich soil.

Ans. — Pull up one of those Alfalfa
“bunches” and see if you can find the
little warts or nodules on the roots. If
you can the soil around those plants will
be good to inoculate a larger field. When
you seed again dig the soil around these
vigorous plants and scatter it over the
field to be seeded. It may mean a good
“catch.”

Turnips as Fertilizer.

J. IE. If., Lony Island. — I)o you think tur¬
nips are of any value as a fertilizer if grown
and left standing in the ground all Winter, or
plowed under in ihe Fall?

Ans. — Cow-horn turnips are useful as
a catch crop. We like to sow the seed
with Crimson clover, at the last cultiva¬
tion of the corn. The turnips usually die
during the Winter. Now and then one
lives over and goes to seed. The turnip
does not add fertility to the soil as clover
and cow peas do but it helps in other
ways. A good deal of vegetable matter
is added, and the Cow-horn turnip with
its long tap root opens the soil and loosens
the sub-soil to some extent. We expect
a crop of turnips to improve the character
of the soil more than its actual quality.
The danger from one of these catch crops
will come in a dry season, when there is
hardly enough moisture for the corn crop
alone. The turnips in such a season will
rob the corn, and neither will make a good
crop.

Remedy for Apple Borers.

T. G. E., New York, N. Y. — I want some
efficient remedy for Apple borers. This pest
has begun havoc upon my young apple
orchard of 300 trees three and four years old.

Ans. — No more efficient remedy for
Apple borers has yet been devised than the
old-fashioned method of digging them out.
This should be done in early Spring,
when they can be quite readily located by
the little particles of sawdust that are
thrown out from their burrows. With a
good, sharp knife and a wire most of the
borers can be reached and destroyed.
Some report good results from injecting
into the burrows through the little open¬
ings out of which the sawdust is thrown,
the ill-smelling liquid known as carbon
bisulphide, whose fumes penetrate all
through the burrows and kill the borers.
After injecting the liquid the hole should
be plugged up with putty or some similar
substance so as to prevent the fumes from
escaping. Early Spring, that is, in April,
is the best time to get at Apple borers.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

An Army of Maggots.

IT. 8. J., Stella, 0. — I saw. crossing a
path recently, something that at first glance
looked like a small gray snake, but upon
closer examination I found it to be a moving
mass of worms, so closely joined together as
to appear like one solid body. The individ¬
ual specimens were about three-eighths of
an inch long and the diameter of a coarse
sewing thread. They seemed to bo transpar¬
ent, with a dark line running through them,
I suppose to be the intestine; the head was
black. They formed a mass exactly in the
shape of a snake, except the head, which was
branched.

Ans. — 'I'lie peculiar “snake” which the
correspondent saw was doubtless a family
of small maggots, which feed upon decay¬
ing vegetation and fungus growths. They
are gregarious in habit, and when about
to transform to the pupa state often con¬
gregate in immense numbers, thus form¬
ing processions that have been observed
four or five inches wide and 10 or 12 feet
long. They travel in a solid column from
four to six deep on each other, advancing
about an inch a minute. From this pecu¬
liar habit they have been called the army

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

worm in Europe. They transform into
small, mosquito-like insects, known as fun¬
gous gnats; scientifically they belong to
the genus Sciara. Such “snakes are not
common. I have never seen one.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Filling a Vault.

L., Connecticut. — 1 have a vault under my
barn 30 x 14 feet and six feet deep. I wish
to fill it up with stone and cement on top for
stabling purposes. IIow should this be done t

Ans. — If you do not wish to use stone
for the purpose of getting rid of them
I should use dirt. Ordinarily the dirt
could be handled for from 50 to 75 per
cent of the cost of stone. Tamping it
solid is all you need to do. After you are
through then lay cement just the same as
though it had not been filled. We filled
an old cellar under a factory last Fall, and
laid cement, using dirt for filling. If you
use stone I would save the small ones
for the last six inches, and then fill in
with a mixture of Portland, one part, sand
five parts, making it thin enough to run
in at least six inches, not thin enough to
run deep into the body of stone, because
that would be unnecessary. It will re¬
quire nearly 100 loads to do the job.
Haven’t you a nearby spot that you could
spare, and arrange to scrape it in?

H. E. COOK.

Fertilizer Mixture for Fruit.

J. A. MV,, Amesbury, 3Iass. — What do you
think of the following as a fertilizer for fruit
trees and small fruits: 400 pounds hard¬
wood ashes; 100 pounds cottonseed meal; 50
pounds acid rock phosphate?

Ans. — Such a mixture of average sub¬
stance would contain:

Phosphoric
Nitrogen. Potash, acid.
100 lbs. cotton seed meal. 6% 1 3

400 lbs. ashes . -0 8

50 lbs. acid phosphate... 7

550~ 0 % -1 18

This is a fair proportion of plant food
for fruits, but we would not try to mix
these substances. The lime in the ashes
will "revert” the soluble phosphate as
explained on page 424. We have not
been able to mix other chemicals thor¬
oughly. with wood ashes, which are too
light and powdery to mix well with coarse
fertilizers. We would use the ashes alone,
and mix the meal and acid phosphate if
need be. From choice we would use two
parts of wood ashes to one part of fine
ground bone, and add nitrate of soda as
the trees and plants showed their need.

Destroying Two Running Weeds.

8. 11. C. (No address.) — Do you know of
any way of freeing ground of blackberries
and morning-glories?

Ans. — I suppose the question has refer¬
ence to the wild running blackberry or
dewberry. If so, and -the plants are lo¬
cated under a fence or stone wall, their
destruction is indeed a hard job. Plants
of that nature have latent buds on their
roots, and if any small portion of the
roots remain in the soil they will soon
multiply. Fortunately such plants must
have a long season of growth to store up
energy for future propagation. If we can
remove a portion of the roots by plowing
and cultivation, exposing to the sun for
the early part of the season such portions
as cannot be handily removed, we have
accomplished one-half of the job. 1 he
remaining rootlets can be smothered out
by sowing some quick growing dense crop,
buckwheat for instance, working on the
principle that no plant can long endure
without its leaves. The same will apply
to the morning-glory.

JOHN JEANNIN, JR.

Training of Cherry Trees.

T. 8., Philadelphia, Pa. — I have planted
some cherry trees. 1 purpose cultivating
with truck crops for one or two seasons, then
I will decide about after treatment. About
what height should I begin heading the trees,
and what of first pruning? They were
trimmed to single stem and cut back well.

Ans. — Cultivating the trees with truck
crops between them is a good plan; it
will push them along as rapidly as any
other treatment, and use the spaces be¬
tween them economically. It does not
matter how long the trucking is continued,
provided the soil is kept well stirred and
enriched, as it must be to grow profitable

crops of vegetables. As I understand the
matter, the trees were single stems well
cut back last Spring, and their heads arc
therefore started low. If this is the' case
I approve of their treatment so far. The
distance above the ground for cherry
trees, and all other kinds for that matter,
should vary according to the class or
even the variety of tree. The sour or
Morello class of cherry trees are more
spreading in habit than the Hearts and
Bigarreaus, and should have their heads
started about three feet from the ground.
The others, being more upright, should
be headed lower, and some of the very
upright ones not over two feet high. As
to first pruning, I would prefer a central
stem with the branches radiating from it
in all directions, and would prune with
that end in view. I would not keep back
the branches of the Morello type, for the
trees of this class need very little guidance
in forming their heads. Some of the taller
growing kinds, such as the Dukes, are

better for some heading back.

H. E. v. D.

Summer Spraying for the Scale.

E. C. K., Continental, Ohio. — I intended
spraying with limoid and kerosene for San
Jo’s 6 scale early this Spring, but owing to
illness only got a small number of my trees
treated. I fear they will be very seriously
injured if they go another season without
treatment. My plan is to make a 20 or 25
per cent K.-L mixture, and apply with brush
to as much of bodies and limbs as I can
without touching foliage, then spray re¬
mainder with 10 per cent solution. I wish
to begin this as soon as I get time, spraying
with the 10 per cent solution in July, per¬
haps following with another in August,
l'iease criticise this plan. Would it injure
trees?

Ans. — It is of course too late now to
use a 20 per cent limoid-kerosene mixture
on fruit trees. Even painting the trunk
and lower limbs with this strong mixture
would, most likely, kill the tree. We
would not use anything stronger than a
10 per cent solution — that is, 10 quarts of
kerosene, 10 pounds of limoid to 100
quarts of water. Even this, when thor¬
oughly mixed, should be used with
caution. We should spray a few trees
and watch them carefully before doing
any large amount of spraying.

A Prune- Plum Hybrid.

T. 8., Stockton, 111. — Do you know any¬
thing of a fruit that is a cross between a
prune and a plum, called Prunus Ammonia,
or something nearly like it? There was
an agent through here for an Ohio nursery
selling such trees, recommending them very
highly as good for a lot of fine fruit, and
also as a fertilizer for other plums. Trees
have been planted for live years and no
fruit yet.

Ans. — Prunes arc simply plums of the
European or Prunus domestica species
with a firm and sugary flesh, well adapted
to drying. There have been many crosses
between prunes and ordinary plums of
this species, but none is of special value.
Prunus Simoni is probably the species
meant by P. ammonia. It is the Chinese or
Apricot plum, bearing large flat fruits
with a rank, peculiar flavor. Bartlett,
Chaleo, Climax, Wickson and others of
Burbank’s hybrids are hybrids of P. Si¬
moni. These varieties succeed well in cer¬
tain localities, and fail in others. We
know of no direct crosses between a prune
and this species. It is not unusual for
plum trees to fail to bear until more than
five years planted.

Public Spraying. — There are several men
in this vicinity who have done public spray¬
ing, but none of them has a power sprayer,
all using the hand pumps mounted on a kero¬
sene barrel. They charge either by (he day
or so much per tree. When working by the
day the charge is 85 per day for 1 he man and
his outfit. The charge per tree is three cents
for large trees and two cents for smaller ones,
the employer furnishing a helper and mater¬
ials. When working by the day the sprayer
furnishes his own helper. There is but one
power sprayer used by any of the orehardists
about here, and that is of the compressed air
variety, the pressure being got up while driv¬
ing from tree to tree by means of a sprocket
wheel and chain attached to the wagon wheel.
This does quite satisfactory work where the
trees are not too large and when the ground
is dry. When the ground is wet the wagon
wheel will slip before sufficient pressure is
obtained, and this necessitates going over the
ground twice and finishing on the return trip
what was necessarily left the first time
through. The owners of the above outfit
are contemplating the purchase of a gaso¬
line engine outfit. J. o. wadsivorth.

Wayne Co., N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

FOR SALE CHEAP

A SMALL ORCHARD,

within three miles of the City of Geneva.

PRODUCTIVE AND DESIRABLE.

For information, address
Post Office Box 323, Geneva, N. Y.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES, .FS

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES. Medina. N. Y.

SS

-BUDS!—

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Hox 39, Berlin, Md.

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown. N. J.

c

RIMSON CLOVEI

Nature's Fertilizer and Ideal Hay
Crop. Now circular describing its
merits and why every Farmer and
Trucker should plant it, mailed FREE. Write for
prices, also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, I’a.

R

13 O A I C— Crimson Clover Seed,
1 l\ O rA Ln EL $4.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s. Louisiana, Mo.

I and Cabbage Plants. Very

EL mm Ea I strong, witli big roots. Raised
by irrigation and heavy fertilization. The plants
have an average of four square inches of space each
over the whole field. $1.00, 1,000; $4.00, 5,000 ; 70c. 500.
CELERY— Giant Pascal, Golden Self .Blanching,
Winter Queen, White Plume. CABBAGE— Danish
Bullhead, Surehead, Flat Dutch. Shipped in venti¬
lated crates, carefully packed in damp moss.

F. W. ROCHELLE, Drawer 3, Chester, N. J.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS CELERY White Plume,
Giant Pascal, and other varieties, 1,000, $1.00; 10,000
$8.50; transplanted, 1,000. $2. Cabbage and Tomatoes,
same prices. LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

STRAWBERRY MmZ’JSSSZ*

plant 1900. $1.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

POT GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTStSUS

will fruit next season. Send for list. Order now.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY, Box 8, YalesviUe, Ct.

STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out in August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. G5th Year.

ELLWANCER <fc BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

Pot

Crown

DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
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Our catalogue mailed free. Write now. T. J.DWYEK& COMPANY, 1’. (>. ROX 1, CORN VVALL,N.Y.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
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grazing and hay crop. Special
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HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

CRIMSON GLOVER

price of seed on request.

<f> r- nrn t A CDCIflUT DAIfl Apple. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
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TREES

1905.

537

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Resists Heat I

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Tar roofs melt and run, I
r Tin absorbs and radiates, N
but farm buildings covered with

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.Rex ^tmthole

ROOFING

are thoroughly protected under the hottest sun,
Rex Klintkotb also positively resists fire
water, snow, cold, rot and -wear.

Easy to lay; outfit in every roll.

k Samples and Book Free ,

Photos of REX FLINTKOTB farm
buildings, and much rooting in-
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Hallock’s Elevator” Potato Digger

We wish to introduce our O. K. Elevator Potato Digger in every potato-growing
locality in the United States.

We have several valuable features not found in any other Elevator Digger. They
will interest you as soon as you know them.

We desire correspondence only from those looking for an A No. 1 Potato Digger at a minimum price.

Orchard Questions.

J. R. IF., Pawtucket, R. I. — 1. I have a
young peach orchard just coming into bear¬
ing. For three Springs it lias been troubled
with leaf blight. What is the cause and what
is the remedy? There has been less this year
than the two previous seasons. 2. When is
the best time of year for cutting hack young
peach trees? .'1. More than CO years ago our
best early sweet apples began to be affected
by a needle-like worm that completely honey¬
combed them, and later they attacked the
early sour kinds, and of late all kinds except
the very sourest. The apples appear sound
on the outside, and show no hole where
the pest enters. Is there a remedy? If so,
what is it?

Ans. — 1. It is Curl-leaf of the peach,
and is caused by a fungus. It develops
very early in the growth of the leaves,
and seriously injures them, and thus
causes a general lowering of the vitality
of the tree. The young fruit shares in
the injury, and sometimes drops off. The
preventive measure is thoroughly spraying

DRYING MIXED CORN AND COW-
PEA HAY.

I have broadcast corn and cow peas to¬
gether. It is a hard mixture to cure.
Would it be wise to support the cocks on
three forked sticks made into a tripod
thus: B forhs of tripod; A top of cock

when first made ; C top of cock when set¬
tled. Sticks for cocks are plentiful, and
September is such an uncertain month that
there is almost sure chance of rain be¬
fore curing many days. Would this air
space under the cock permit it to cure
and dry out after a rain without handling?

Round Hill, Va. J. R. s.

MACHINERY IN THE HAY FIELD.

I have used a hay loader only one sea¬
son, the Summer of 1904, and like it very
much. I can handle twice the amount of
hay I could by hand, with the same help.
In ordinary hay, cutting about V/ ton
per acre, it takes from 12 to 15 minutes
to put on a large load, picking the hay
from the swath. In light hay we load
from windrow. It takes a man or boy to
drive and two men to load, for quick
work ; one man can load, but the wagon
has to be stopped often, as the hay comes
faster than one can handle it. The loader
T have loads from windrow or swath,
picking as clean from swath as any rake,
and is drawn by team weighing only 2,400
pounds. I think that a man cutting as
small an amount of hay as 20 acres would
find a hay loader a paying investment, as
the extra help he would have would soon
cost him the price of a loader. A. F.

Vischer Ferry, N. Y.

On account of the scarcity of help
farmers are doing most of their haying
with machinery. We certainly would ad¬
vise any man who has more than 10 acres
of hay to buy a hay loader and side rake.
We sell a great many to small farmers
and renters, and in many cases two neigh¬
bors buy together and save the expense of
any hired help. As to the amount of
work that these machines will do, our
loader will put on a load of hay much
quicker than two men can pitch it on ;
in fact, we have often put on a large load
in from six to 10 minutes with only one
man on the wagon. Two or three of our
customers did their haying entirely alone
last season. The advantage of a side de¬
livery rake is that it makes windrows
around the field, and you can then com¬
mence raking as soon as the first cutting
is dry around the outside. They also
make a much nicer windrow than the old
dump rakes. K. y.

Reading, Mich.

with Bordeaux Mixture when the leaf buds
are just opening, and again after about 10
days. This kills the germs of the disease
and prevents the damage to the foliage
and indirectly to the fruit. 2. 1 he best
time to cut back peach trees is just before
blooming time ii the Spring. I he amount
of fruit that is likely to set can then be
told, and any damage from \V inter is eas¬
ily seen. The pruning can and should be
in accordance with these conditions. 3.
The little worm that does the mischief
mentioned is commonly known as the
Apple maggot. It is quite prevalent in
the New England States and some parts
of Canada, and is a very serious enemy
to the apple. It comes from an egg that
is laid by an insect during the growing
stage of the fruit, and is not noticeable
until the damage is done, for there are no
outside evidences of its work. 1 here is
no preventive and no remedy, except what
can be done in the way of gathering the
affected fruit and destroying it, in the hope
of cutting short the next year’s crop of in¬
sects. Feeding it to stock will put it to
good use, so far as this saving goes.

H. E. V. D.

Trade in Galax Leaves.

IF. J. J., Johnson City, Tenn. — Will yoy
tell us something about the Galax trade?
When are leaves in demand and what are
usual prices paid to shipper, and what firms
usually handle this plant? Considerable
Galax grows within a few miles of this place,
and it might he that a small trade could he
worked up.

Ans. — Galax or colt's-foot was first
introduced to the florist trade about 1890,
and soon became a staple article, being
sold from cold storage all the year round.
The handsome heart-shaped leaves, green,
bronze or red, have to a great degree
taken the place of ivy, being cheaper,
more convenient, and more lasting. The
wiry stem permits the use of the leaf
without wiring in wreaths or other de¬
signs, while the beauty of the Galax
makes it very desirable in general decora¬
tive work. It lasts a long time, and is
thus very useful in cemetery designs,
while the green leaves are largely used
to border bunches of violets, in place of
the violet leaf, which fades quickly;
practically all of the violets sold on the
street are bordered with Galax. The
plant extends all the way from Virginia
to Georgia, especially in the Rhododendron
districts ; it does not seem likely to be
exterminated by picking, as this is done
chiefly in late Summer or Fall, or when
the plant ceases growth, care being taken
to avoid injuring the plant itself. The
leaves are green until touched by frost,
when they turn a rich red, shading to
bronze ; in densely shaded places they re¬
main green, however. The price in New

York is from 75 cents to $1 per thousand
leaves ; they are sold by florists’ supply
houses and dealers in greens; specialists
in this line keep Galax, Leucothoe, south¬
ern smilax and wild ferns in cold storage
all the year round. Galax leaves must
he perfect, and gathered with full length
of stem.

How to Grow Big Onions.

G. U. A., liird-in-IIand, Pa. — We put out
about 1% acre of onion sets in the Spring
in rows 20 inches apart and about six inches
in the row. They seem to be all going to
tops and no bulbs. We would like to know if
it will he necessary to turn the tops over to
grow large onions. There are quite a few go¬
ing to seed. Can we put in cabbage plants?

Ans. — There are two reasons why
onions grown from sets grow to tops in¬
stead of making bulbs. The first is an ex¬
cessive amount of nitrogen in the soil,
which is sometimes caused by using large
amounts of fresh stable manure or com¬
mercial fertilizers containing large quan¬
tities of nitrogen. Second, too deep plant¬
ing. I would suggest that the soil be
taken away from the plants as much as
possible to expose the crown or bulb to
the sun, then apply a liberal dressing of
wood ashes. Do not roll or break down
the top, as it will be likely to injure their
keeping qualities. The onions that are go¬
ing to seed are of no value. They are the
product of large sets. In purchasing sets
always select the smallest and set about
V/z to two inches deep, always working
the soil away from the onions. Do not
put in cabbage. j. j., JR.

Coal Ashes for Squash Bito. — Use sifted
coal ashes instead of plaster for Striped
squash bug. They are cheap, easily handled,
can he quickly put on without any apparatus
whatever, and are not injurious to tender
foliage though applied in large quantity when
the dew Is upon it. L. F. s.

Arlington Heights, Mass.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

AGRICULTURAL LIME.

Fresh Burned and Coarsely Ground.

Finely Ground for Bordeaux, White-washing, etc.
For particulars, address,

THE SENECA WHITE LIME CO„Eostoria,0

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet

D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New llaven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. ;Oakland,Cal.

MAKE YOUR OWN FENCE POSTS

With the COX No. A CEMENT
1’OST MACHINE, which costs
but a small sum.

IT IS A REVELATION
IN POST MAKING.

Cement and reinforcements are all
that is necessary to buy. Posts
can be made far cheaper than you
can buy cedar posts, and you can
save that continued trouble and
expense you have had with wood
posts. So simple a child can
operate — one movement of the
lever locks and unlocks it and
trowels the post at the same time,
the posts will last forever. Send
for catalogue and full particulars.
Write to-day.

Atlas Cement Machinery Co.

338 South Avo.. Rochester, N. Y

Address

D. Y. HALLOCK & SONS,

Box 803, York, Pa,

538

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 15,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Rose Philadelphia Gains an Award.
— The R. N.-Y. premium rose, Philadel¬
phia Rambler, received an Award of
Merit at the late Temple Show of the
Royal Horticultural Society, London,
England. The London Gardener’s Chron¬
icle. June 3, 1905, publishes this note con¬
cerning the variety:

Itoso, Philadephia kambler. — A climbing
variety resembling Crimson Rambler, save
that the flower is of a much richer type, the
color being (lark scarlet. The flower is also
of more substance than the older variety.
Shown by Hobbies Co., Ltd., Dereham, Eng.
Award of merit.

It is gratifying that this splendid hardy
rose is able to bold its own far from
home in competition with the grandest
roses of the world. Many of our readers
will doubtless see blooms of Philadelphia
for the first this season. Beautiful as are
the highly finished flowers on young
plants, the full effect is only seen when
well-established and blooming on canes
several feet high.

The Northern Range of the Live-
Oak. — The following note from Prof. W.
F. Massey of the North Carolina Experi¬
ment Station is self-explanatory. Prof.
Massey is of course thoroughly acquaint¬
ed with the flora of the Southern Atlantic
States :

W. V. F. says that the Live oak will not
survive the Winter north of Charleston. Ir
he will come here we will show him some
fine old specimens, and they are common all
over eastern North Carolina. The northern
limit of the natural growth of Live oak is at
Fort Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va., where
they are plentiful, and some inside the fort.

A Beautiful New Pillar Rose. — In
Fig. 222, first page, we have a not very
successful portrait of one of the finest
seedlings of Rosa Wichuraiana raised on
the Rural Grounds; the result of crossing
Wichuraiana with Souvenir du President
Carnot, a highly finished light colored
Hybrid Tea rose of French origin. The
buds and bloom shown in the picture
are reduced in size, the flowers often
exceeding four inches in diameter in the
natural state. The plant is very hardy,
having withstood the last two severe
Winters without the slightest protection,
with the loss of only a small proportion
of late-grown wood. It is a strong and
luxuriant grower, with broad, shining foli¬
age and very thick canes growing eight or
more feet high in a season. The flowers
are semi-double, very light rosy-flesh in
color — about the shade of Daybreak car¬
nation — and produced in the greatest pro¬
fusion over a long season in June and
July both singly and in clusters of three
to five. The stems are very long for a
hardy rose of this type, many exceeding
two feet in length, making it an extreme¬
ly desirable variety for cutting. The vig¬
orous habit of the plant, the large and
lustrous dark green foliage, great size,
delicate coloring and high finish of the
bloom, with their long graceful stems,
mark this “Daybreak Rambler,” as it

Falls man claims to have produced potatoes
without vines and to be able to supply new
potatoes for the market at any season. To¬
day he exhibited to several persons the box
in which he has conducted his experiments,
containing potatoes in various stages of
growth, and those who were invited to make
the inspection are much impressed. The in¬
ventor has conducted his experiments in a
box. In this there is a steam coil, heating
the contents of the box. lie states that he
has succeeded in perfecting a compound re¬
sembling soil. In a layer of this compound
he plants potato eyes and on top of the first
layer there is another with more potato eyes,
and so on until the box is full. He claims
that the potatoes grow in this compound, that
all growth, is in tubers, and that it is not nec¬
essary for either light or air to reach the
potatoes.

Every farmer knows that potatoes
stored in dark and cool cellars until after
planting season is over may show a ten¬
dency to produce small tubers on short
stems without the aid of the usual leaf
and root system, which is unable to de¬
velop under suNi conditions, and also at
times to form new potatoes within their
substance. Such freaks have been illustrat¬
ed in past numbers of The R. N.-Y., not¬
ably on first page of the issue for April
13, 1901. This direct tuber reproduction
is only owe of Nature’s efforts to continue
the species under adverse circumstances,
when the. cell life of the old potato is
about to expire, and natural growth is
thwarted. A potato tuber is really a
thickened portion of root stock in a dor¬
mant condition, stored with materials
suited to nourish a new plant, and fur¬
nished with buds or “eyes,” ready to
grow under the proper stimuli of warmth,
moisture and eventually light. When
these are denied and conditions do not al¬
ready destroy the life of the protoplasm in
the potato structure the effort for develop¬
ment takes the form of direct tuber or
new potato formation. Certain other tub¬
ers and corms of solid consistency will
do the same if kept out of the ground
much beyond the usual planting time.
All bulb handlers have noticed how read¬
ily new corms form on the top of the old
ones when Crocuses and Gladioli arc
stored beyond the usual season. We mis¬
laid some ripe corms of the scarce and
beautiful Gladiolus princeps during Win¬
ter and were not able to find them until
late next Summer. New and solid corms
had formed without an attempt at leaf
growth. The substance of the old ones
had nearly all been transferred into the
new growths. When planted the follow¬
ing year these Gladioli, after having been
out of the soil for IS months, had so re¬
newed their vitality that entirely normal
flower spikes were produced 'at the usual
time. Few varieties have such vigorous
constitution as Gladiolus princeps, but the
effort to continue life in bulbous plants
when proper growing conditions are with¬
held is far from uncommon.

Cellar New Potatoes Not Novelties.
— The steam coil box and “compound re¬
sembling soil” of the Montana man may
be dismissed as frills of the reporter. New
potatoes from caves and cellars are no
novelty, though the idea of thus rejuve¬
nating surplus old potatoes has more than
once been trotted out in Europe as a
"new potato culture” of great value. The
little tubers formed about the old ones in

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. Strong, safe, e*itjr for
‘horses. Always ready. Two horse sire $100.
a Send for catalogue.

Mfg. Co. Box 1 1 . Coblesklll, N.T.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

Well

DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made 1 Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE GO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

Monarch

Hydraulic

PRESS

-FOR—

CIDER, WINE,

- — etc. Orontest ea-

f pacity, best results with least power. Steel beams,
sills, etc. Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Features This Year.

Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

Room 161. 30 Cortlandt St., N.Y. City.

CIDER

MORE
GOOD

can bo made from a given amount of
apples or grapes with one of our
presses than with any other.

The juice will he purer and
bring higher prices, while
the extra yield soon pays
for the press. We make
Power
Presses

in all sires, hand or j>ower. 2b *“*■
to 800 barrels per day. Also
Gasoline k Steam Engines, lioil-
•rs, Saw-Mills, Steam Evapora¬
tors. Apple-butter Cookers, etc.

Fully guaranteed. Catalog FREE. 1

TheHydraulic Press Mfg. Co.

12 Main Street, Mt. Gilead, Ohio

^ or Room 1 24-F, 30 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.

HYDRAULIC

PIDER

M u Can be tr
right kind

MAKING

made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.

WE make the right kind.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

Il8 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading andbandling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to litany axle, to
carry any load. Straight orstaggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG.C0., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

Let Us Send You

Our Book.

about good wheels and good wagons that will save
you a lot of work and make you a lot of money —the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

- and the -

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the best. More than one and
a quarter millions sold. Spokes united to the
hub. Can’t work loose. A set of our wheels will
make your old wagon ne w. Catalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 88, Quincy, Ills.

may be named, as the best development of dark cellars and caves are rather watery,

the pillar or semi-climbing hardy rose yet
produced. This charming variety will be
propagated and probably in due time be
introduced to general cultivation.

A “New” Potato Culture. — The fol¬
lowing item, going the rounds of journals
fond of publishing horticultural fakes,
merits greater consideration than is given
to the run of similar sensational yarns, as
certain possibilities may be discerned
among the misleading statements:

Great Falls (Mont.). June 12. — A Great

but have tolerable quality when cooked.
Claims*fiave been made that unsalable old
potatoes can be so forced by this process
that the new product, selling at the high
prices usual for out-of-season young po
tatoes may return a profit on the stock,
labor and equipment. One experimenter
claimed he could recover in weight of
new tubers nearly half that of the old
ones, and sell the product at a fancy price
if offered just before naturally grown
new potatoes are expected in the market,
but we have never heard of practical re¬
sults . from this highly artificial way of
growing potatoes. w. v. f.

QuakerCity Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CCIIT ftlj TQIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
Otn I Ull IrllHL horse power. Ball bear¬
ing. easy running. Freight paid. Send for free
38th Annual Catalogue.

The A W Qtranh Pn 3737 Filbert St.. Phiia. Pa.

I lie A. TY , Oil dUU UU. 47-4‘J Canal St.. Chicago. Ill

LFALFA is now
attracting much
attention every¬
where. Do not forget that
Alfalfa needs heavy doses of
Potash to insure successful
growth.

We have a book which
is full of valuable informa¬
tion to all farmers who are
experimenting with Alfalfa,
and will gladly mail it free
of all cost to any one who
will be good enough to
write for it.

Address. GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau Street, New York

lUBBER-TIRETOP BUGGY $Cp

With leather - quarter top
ami all up-to-date appoint¬
ments. Guaranteed 2 yrs.
Sold on 30 dava free trial.

This and many other bargains
fully described in our free cata¬
log. We arc bona-fide manufac¬
turers, and sell direct to you at
factory prioes. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for free catalog.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

HARNESS

\t e sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CO., 0 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.

“Lightning” White-
Wash Sprayer No. 28

White-wash your poultry-houses and stables.
Kills lice and vennin. Easy to operate. Sprays
white-wash rapidly. Impossible to clog. Also
for spraying trees, washing wagons, etc.
Double action pump, will spray 30 ft. high,
has 3 1-2 feet heavy hose, extension-rod, brass
nozzles, steel stirrup, ball valves. All brass
pump, $3.50; Galvanized Iron, $2.50. Cash
with order. Express prepaid. Agonts wanted.

D. B. Smith «& Co., Utica, N.Y.

-.THE .

,. -ANIMALS’

. - » a.'-’-'FRIEND

■ i Km, .very fly It strikes,

• when either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. 8hoo-FIy is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely harmless to man or
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cows
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any imita-

_ tion. liaifcent's worth saves

S quarts milk and much flesh. NO LICE in poultry house or any
placeitis sprayed. I fyour dealer does notkcepShoo-FIy(madein
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
andenough Shoo-Fly to protect 200 cows. Nameexp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray SOcows in few minutes.

SH00-FLY MF’G. CO., 1026 Fairmount, Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Shoo-Fly Is O. K.

Goodhue

Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free

booklet explains their many ad¬
vantages, and tel Is about our new

INDESTRUCTIBLE
TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical informa¬
tion that should be in the hands of every farmer.
Send for it to-day and ask about our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

APPLETON MFG. CO.

27 FARGO ST. BATAVIA, ILL.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 739 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West , Montreal, P. Q.

40 North Uli St., Philadelphia. 22 Tilts St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuieme-Key 71, Havana. Cuba.

Hubbard’s “Black Diamond” Fertilizers

77

For FALL SEEDING use HUBBARD’S “BLACK DIAMOND

CRASS AND GRAIN FERTILIZER.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY, Fertilizer Manufacturers ... Middletown, Conn.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

539

Hope Farm Notes

FaIim Xotbs. — As 1, write the rain is fall¬
ing outside, a steady drip. Under some cir¬
cumstances we should welcome the wet, but
to-day the ghost at this welcome is the
thought of three tons of elegant clover hay
which lies on the hillside. We had that hay
all ready to haul in yesterday ; in fact, were
lust hitching up t lie horses when a drenching
shower came flooding out of the west. It
was over in half an hour, hut the damage
had been done, for t lie weather kept muggy
and close through the day, with no chance
to dry the water out of that hay. There was
no use hauling it to the barn. I never saw
so much damage to hay crowded into half an
hour before ! Mother tries to be cheerful by
saying that the special Providence in this case
knows that the stock will be provided for
anyway, while the trees are more likely to
suffer — so that clover will help the orchard.
That is certainly one consolation that comes
to the fruit grower who practices “mulch
culture." Sometimes a man will make up
his mind to put all the grass around the
trees. Then when it is nicely cured his
heart fails him and he wants to haul it
all to the barn. If a man starts in to
mulch trees he must give up the idea of hay
making, and so perhaps this rain knows more
about it than we do. What seems to hurt a
man more than anything else is to have
his well-laid plans fail in the hatching.

. . . If this gentle rain is bad for the
hay it is good for everything else. There
could be no better time for transplanting
cabbage. We have just put nitrate of soda
on the onions and this soft rainfall will
put it right where it is needed. The fodder
corn will sprout, and it will fit the old
strawberry bed and the oat stubble for
plowing. Where we cut the rye early a
thick growth of Red-top is coming up. This
rain will mean six inches of extra growth,
and all the other meadows will lie freshened.

Our oats were cut for hay on June
27. At that time most of the heads were
soft. After about 10 hours in the swath
the oats were raked into small cocks, and
these were turned over from time to time.
With us this seems by far the best way to
handle oats. As soon as possible we spread
a fair quantity of manure on the stubble,
and plow it under. Then we sow fodder
corn in drills three feet apart. For this
purpose we use either Evergreen sweet corn
or Rural Thoroughbred flint. Early in Aug¬
ust we shall sow a mixture of Crimson clover
and Cow-horn turnips in this corn.

Part of the old strawberry bed is so grassy
and weedy that it will not pay to bother
With it another year. The whole tiling is
jut off with the mower, and then plowed and
well harrowed. On this we shall sow yel¬
low turnips. In former years we have
drilled the seed, but this year we shall try
broadcasting Yellow Globe, and thus avoid

cultivation and weeding. . . . When the

first planting of peas were about six inches
high we made hills between the rows and
planted muskmelons. Now the pea vines
have done their duty and are pulled up and
thrown around peach trees. The melon hills
are cleaned* up and seem likely to give a
fair growth. It would also be possible to
plant hills of sweet corn five feet apart
among the melon hills, and, if fertilizer
enough was used and hoeing faithfully done,
obtain a fair crop of corn. I am getting
more and more each year into the plan of
crowding the lower part of the farm hard
by the system of close cropping — leaving
t lie rest of the farm in sod. This requires
much hand work, but you can get a good
deal from an acre. In our currants we grow
potatoes between the rows, and can grow a
good-sized plant of Marshall strawberry be¬
tween each two currant plants. . . . The

Potato beetles came with a rush this year
just as we thought they had skipped us. We
are using dry Bordeaux Mixture and Paris-
green put on with a powder gun. This
knocked out the beetles, and I believe it will
help us against the blight.

Cement Monuments. — Among the many
curious questions which come to me is the
following :

“What is your private opinion in regard to
the possible "chance for success in the manu¬
facture of cement monuments for one who
understands handling this material, who has
ingenuity enough to make molds for various
designs V Could they not be sold cheaper
than either marble or granite, and in many
eases be as handsome and nearly as durable?
I)o you know of its ever having been tried?”

It seems to me possible that in some sec
tions where suitable stone is not found such
monuments might find a sale. In the East,
or within a reasonable distance of marble
or granite, it does not seem to me that many
people would consider them. As I never saw
such artificial stone used for the purpose,
I can only guess at it. So far as human
sentiment goes, it seems to me that a stone
made in this way is far more significant of
the growth and outcome of a human life
than a solid stone dug from the earth. The
lime or cement goes through the fire and the
crushing machinery much as human impulses
and passions do. When they bind the sand
and broken stone together, it seems to me not
unlike the final binding of purpose and
deed in a human life. I think, however, that
the majority of people would overlook such
sentiment and prefer to have a stone that
is “fashionable." I have even heard of
people who, while denying common rights to
the living, desired uncommon monuments to
file dead. 1 will pass this question on to
those who know.

Making an American.” — I have received
the following note from a man who knows
why he came to America :

“You want to know how they leave the old
country and come to America. I was born

in Germany (Bavaria) in a little village.
My father is a stone mason and worked for
about a half dollar a day, and had five hoys
to keep. When I was 12 years of age 1 had
to work for farmers for about -3 1 2 a year,
and poor board ; twice a week a little meal,
working from five in the morning to eight at
night We did all mowing by hand, all grain
cutting with a sickle, and all thrashing with
flail ; from two o'clock in piorning till night,
and big haying from morning, five o'clock, to
midnight. After I was 20 years of age I
served three years in the army. After this
I would not stand the work any more, and I
came to this country, farming for the last
10 years in Pennsylvania. I do not work
such long hours; I have a mowing machine
and binder and a one-horse thrashing ma¬
chine. If I remained in my native country I
should be a poor man like mv father is "to¬
day." G. M.

Vinco, Ta.

So it seems that foreigners come here be¬
cause they think America has bigger oppor¬
tunities than Europe can offer. I think they
are right. Up to this time this has been the
land of opportunity. In the old countrv habit
has become too strong — the habit of thinking
that one man is better than another— not be¬
cause of something that he das done, but be¬
cause of his birth and ancestry. In the past,
in this country, the habit has been to class
a man by what lie does and what he over¬
comes. When men went into the woods to
make a home it didn’t matter who their
grandfathers were. The arm. the heart and
the brain counted. I fear the habit is chang¬
ing in this country, and that we are slowly
picking up the old country habit. I am very
glad that my ancestors have never handed
down any very remarkable performance. Our
children must do something for themselves
if they are ever to make a hole in the world.
It seems to me like a brave thing for a man
to break away from the old, country and start
here in a new and strange land. I wish
more of Ihese men would get into the country
and help us with the land. I have heard
several made-over Americans say that they
prefer to spend their last years in the old
country, because over there they find greater
respect for elderly people. There is a good
old habit which our younger people are get¬
ting away from.

Oi.d Horses. — nere is a note which gives
me an idea :

“Last Fall we had an old horse who had
outlived her usefulness, and could not eat
anything but grass and cut feed, so late in
the Fall the horse was shot and the hide
sent to Rochester to be made into a robe.
’Phe hair was very thick and long, and of a
dark brown. We now have the most beauti¬
ful robe imaginable. It is a soft shining seal
brown, shading to cream and white on the
flanks. It is well made and lined and only
cost $10.10.”

That seems to me a very sensible and beau¬
tiful way of keeping the old horse in mind.
The faithful old friend that carried us about
and did our work may still protect us and
remain as evidence of faithful service. I
would like to have such a robe made from
old Major’s hide when the old horse passes
away. lie is feeble now, and cannot do
much work. Most of his time is spent in the
pasture with Brownie, the little colt. It is
more probable that the old fellow is giving
her good advice than it is that she is listen¬
ing to it. Dick is our newest horse. lie is
a little bay fellow that I got in central New
Jersey. lie came up on the cars safely. Dick
came from a level country, and he doesn't
like our hills, not knowing yet how to save
his strength in climbing them. He got half
way up one Dill and stopped. The load went
hack and he with it. Dick, like Tom and
Harry, must learn that life is a steep and
rocky road, where one must keep hauling
on. with few good Samaritans to put a chunk
under the wheel.

Help Wanted. — T have been asked what
sort of position people have to offer hired
heln. Here is a letter from Connecticut
which ought to give a hint at least :

“I need the following: A married man
with furniture for a house (and not too many
kids), who will board an extra man or sev¬
eral. absolutely sober, willing, able-bodied,
not over middle life, nor under middle size,
used to dairy farm work, haying, etc., who is
anxious to have a situation for a term of
years. The position is worth $500 per year.
Including use of good house, spring water!
garden, use of team to plow it, pigpen and
chicken house, pasture for his cow and barn
room, fuel sawed, not over 10 cords per year,
and $.300 in cash. School and church near,
daily mail. Also a single farm hand: also
a man in sawmill second to the sawyer ; also
two log cutters: all at usual wages. I could
take a man and wife for a while, until first
above can be found, man for farm and wife
for general housework and plain cooking: $25
and board per month for the two.”

Tills man calls his section a help-deserted
country. I fear that he will have a job to
strike the people he wants, yet the average
man may well question his ability to produce
$500 worth of farm value with fair profit to
his employer. Such a place as this would be
worth a $1,000 job in a town or city — most
men would save more actual money in it. I
conclude that many people care less for in¬
dependent saving than for a “good time" or
living “near people." I cannot make out
who they expect will take care of them later
on. ' h. w. c.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y*. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

WICH

SELF

Horse

HAY PRESS

The Baler for speed. Bales 12 to 18 tons a day.
Has 40 inch feed hole. Adapted to bank barn
work. Stands up to its work — no digging holes
for wheels. 'Self-feed Attachment increases
capacity, lessens labor, makes better bales and
does not increase draft. Send for catalogue. '

Sandwich Mfg. Co., 157 Main St., Sandwich, Ills.

On Exhibition
Stoch Yards, Chicago

The Chatham Takes Oats From Wheat

Every farmer who grows succotash will be glad to learn that
THE CHATHAM FANNING MILL has a new riddle that is guar¬
anteed to make an absolutely perfect separation of oats from
wheat. This wonderful piece of mechanism has about 4,500 differ¬
ent parts, yet is as solid and compact as a one-piece affair. You
can take % oats and M wheat and get a perfect separation, or
you can reverse the proportions.

With this Wheat-and-Oats Riddle you can £0 ft ftearf and sow
oats and wheat together— as we guarantee you can make a
perfect separation.

Here is a cross section of the new Riddle. You can see the
riddle will let wheat through readily, but oats cannot get through.
The riddle lias a jumping attachment that keeps the oats jumping
until they go over behind on the floor. GROW SUCCOTASH I
The new riddle will hclp you obtain double crop value by sowing
wheat and oats
together, as it in¬
sures the perfect separation necessary to ob¬
tain the highest market prices.

HERE’S MORE GOOD NEWS! We
have also invented a Corn Screen that
grades corn perfectly. The Iowa Agri¬
cultural College has recently demonstrated
that it will grade corn 98< PERFECT! The
accuracy of drop of the best Edge Drop
Planters depends upon the perfect grading

of corn used. The highest degree of accuracy has heretofore been
60 to 65%. The new Chatham Corn Screen has raised the record to
100%! This increased accuracy of drop means an increased yield
of at least 20 bushels of corn to the acre! The accompanying
sectional view of Corn Screen shows the principle of operation.

The Chatham, in addition to the above improvements, has seven
teen screens and riddles and will separate, clean and grade any¬
thing that can be handled by machinery. Itrunsby handorpower.
It has a patent bagging attachment. The Chatham will add largely
to the profits of any farmer. It will prove a money-maker for you.
Write at once for free book. Every Chatham is GUARANTEED
FOR FIVE YEARS. Easy terms. Send for free book “How to
Make Dollars out of Wind.”

We have Distributing Agencies in all Grain Growing States.

The Manson Campbell Co., Ltd., 40CWesson Ave. Detroit, Mich.

^^^^^^^^Ifrs^annin^^Iills^ncubator^n^Brooders^^^^^^^

Yv'e also make Hand Feed Presses ZV% Strokes to 1 Revolution:
Planers; Edgers; Lath Mills; Corn Mills; Water Wheels, etc.

Saw Mills; Shingle Mills;
Write for Catalogue.

DeLoach Mill Manufacturing Co., Box 1002 Atlanta, Ga.y

2 Tons in I Hour with I Good Horse

4 Strokes to I Revolution Automatic) Feed and Hopper

Horse Power and Belt Power Combined, at Price of One,

Twice the Capacity of other Balers at half the price, is

Four to One which Equals Our

“lie «"

ELI The Press of To-day

Does more work for power used, and does it nicer and easier,
than any other hay press made. Steel or Wood, Horse or
Belt Power. Every approved device for easy, safe operating
and perfect work.

38 STYLES AND SIZES

of presses. Don’t buy until you see the Eli catalogue. We
mail it free. Write for it to-day.

COLLINS PLOW COMPANY, 111 Hampshire Street, Quincy, Illinois.

will |

Please cut this out now before you forget

GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, Ill.

“HAY PRESS”

1 3 5

and we will send you by return mail a book of hay-press information that may
prove invaluable to you. You bale hay for profit— not for fun — so you want the machine that
do the most work for tho least expenditure on men and horses. Get onr book. Read what we have
to say. Learn how our power-head puts into the work every pound of pull the horse exerts How
our automatic brake device relieves the team of all jerk and jar from the rebound of the plunger.
How the man can put in largo charges through our thirty-inch feed-opening and have plenty of |
time to do it because of the long plunger travel. It
is such points as these that enables the owners
of our presses to halo 15, 18 or even 20 tons of hay
a day. Then let us send you our book, it only
costs you but a moment's time and it will pay
you to read tho experience of purchasers whose
voluntary testimonials are given in order that
you may profit thereby.

38 years reputation for good hay presses is
back of us. Ask anyone who has ever used one
of our Gem or Victor presses what ho thinks
about it. Anybody in Quincy or who has ever
bought from us will tell you you are safe in deal¬
ing with us. Write today forourterms, guarantee
and five days' free trial plan, even though you
can’t buy at once. We would like you to tell us
if you expect to buy a press this season. A
postal card will do or use this coupon.

Name .

Postoffice .

GE0.ERTEL(0.,Quincy,Ili

Route No Co .

State .

^rVVVVVWWWWWS

Hay

Presses

. so low that it will '
not pay you to patch your J
ol d p r e a a o r borrow *
your neighbors. Til K f
il E N D KM KS is the ,
strongest aud easier to __
h; operate than any other jj
press on the market.
They are easy to pay for. i
Freo catal’g. B. D. Hendricks & Co., Cornell St., Kingston, N.Y. i

FERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wa
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Cutter, your Thresher, etc., eas?er,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like
manner. The ideal motive power for the modern farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO.. Rutland. Vt.

54o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July is,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FAR ME It'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

T5

Herbert w. Colling wood, Editor.

Du. Walter Van Fleet, i . _ .

Mrs. K. T. Roylk, ^ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8% marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR GARDEN PLANS.

We offer prizes of $5, $3 and $2 for the best three
plans for a farmer’s garden. We want a drawing show¬
ing how the garden was planned, and a brief statement
of the vegetables grown, the work required and some¬
thing about the product. We want only plans of
fanners' gardens, showing how a good supply of vege¬
tables can be provided year after year without inter¬
fering with the regular farm work. We do not want
essays on amateur gardening or stories of special work,
but simply accounts of plain farmers’ gardens. The
drawings and essays must be here by August 1.

*

President Roosevelt’s remarks at Harvard University
Commencement must have shocked some of the old
timers. The time was when such an address would not
be considered proper without liberal quotations from
Latin authors, and a sort of serious dignity \fhich is
supposed to be an essential part of a classical education.
We will stay on record as saying that dignity becomes a
disease with some good people. Some of the great
universities have nurtured the germs of this disease, and
we are glad to see a germ killer applied.

*

At one corner of the farmhouse we have a Ruby
Queen Rose — at the other a Crimson Rambler. Both
were in full bloom the latter part of June. At a low
estimate they add $25 to the value of the house — no
member of the family would have them permanently
removed for that money. As we go about the country
we are surprised to see how many farmhouses have
these beautiful vines climbing over them. They are
a source of constant pleasure, not only to the farm
family, hut to passers-by. The R. N.-Y. is happy to
think that it has contributed in some degree to this
display by sending Ruby Queen and Philadelphia to
its readers.

*

Now is the time to plant “catch crops.” It is good
farming to keep the land covered with some growing
crop. It is true that weeds will crowd in and cover
the land when the other crops are done. Some weeds
are useful to be plowed under as green manure, but the
best of them are inferior to cultivated crops even for
this purpose. Most people who let weeds grow would
seldom think of using them for a good purpose. Cow
peas may follow grain which has not been seeded to
grass. The cow pea grows readily, especially in warm
soils, and with a fair start will do more for the land in
90 days than any crop we have ever tried. We do not
advise making hay of cow pea vines at the North — we
would pasture or plow the vines under. Another simple
j “catch crop” which has proved very useful with us is
a mixture of Crimson clover and Cow-horn turnips to
follow corn. We can sow 12 pounds of clover and two
of turnips to the acre, and usually depend upon a good
catch. We scatter the seed on the ground ahead of
the cultivator at the last working, and aim to cover it
a little over one inch. A plank dragging behind the
cultivator helps put the seed in right. There are many
combinations of catch crops. Rye is a good crop to fol¬

low potatoes. The chief point is to keep some living
crop on the land .during late Summer and Fall, for most
of the loss in plant food occurs at this season. If weeds
are left to save this waste they should be clipped off
several times to prevent their seeding.

*

We learn that some of our scientific friends do not
take kindly to the suggestion about trying the hired
man’s job as a vacation. They think the suggestion is
undignified. We have often remarked that dignity may
grow into a form of disorder under some conditions.
Take a chemist or a botanist up under the eaves of a
hot barn mowing away hay — could he learn anything
about chemistry or botany? Probably not much — but
they would doubtless unlearn some things about science
that would make the remainder of their knowledge
more useful. They would have more sympathy for the
man who does the farm work. We will guarantee that
this sympathy would show in the bulletin they might
write thereafter. Sympathy is a good thing to carry
science down to the people.

*

The Connecticut man who offers $25 jointly a month
to a man and his wife, the man to work on the farm
and the woman in the housk, is not likely to be crowded
with applicants. In our locality a woman doing general
housework gets $15 to $20 a month, a waitress or “up¬
stairs girl” $18 to $22; a cook and laundress $22 to
$35. Where a man and wife are employed together
their wages are usually computed separately. With
farm hands getting $20 a month, $5 does not seem a
glittering opportunity to an industrious and competent
woman. The high wages which are paid in town and
city put a farmer at a disadvantage. It is seldom that
he can pay such wages out of the proceeds from an
average crop, yet this sort of competition forces up the
price of labor. Something is wrong when the man who
merely handles and sells can afford to pay more than
the man who actually produces.

*

According to one of the Massachusetts officials en¬
gaged in exterminating the Gypsy moth automobiles are
spreading the pest by stopping under infested trees,
whence the caterpillars drop into the auto, or on to its
occupants, as they prefer, to be carried far and wide.
We do not think the eloping caterpillars are invited by
motorists, however, nor does the average automobile
halt under the trees for any length of time purely for
frivolous association with Gypsy moths. As a rule,
when we come upon a stationary auto on a country
road, we find a perspiring man underneath it, and
if public opinion did not teach us to regard him as an
idle plutocrat pursuing a reckless amusement we should
think him a hard-working mechanic struggling with a
very disagreeable job. If the auto man is to be abused
for disseminating caterpillars when he stops, and equally
abused for endangering public safety when he doesn’t

he seems to have a hard road before him.

*

It has long been evident to many Americans that the
relations of this Government with the Chinese have
been one-sided. We exclude the Chinese — with the in¬
tention of keeping out cheap or undesirable labor —
while admitting other laborers who are quite as ob¬
jectionable as the Chinese. In enforcing this law many
prominent Chinese have been subjected to unnecessary
hardship. Educated and refined people have been treat¬
ed as if they were suspected criminals or worse. There
has been no excuse for much of this, and there is no
wonder that the Chinese Government has begun to
strike back. A boycott against American goods in
China is a serious thing just now, when we are talking
about “open doors” and a share of eastern trade. China
has hit Uncle Sam’s pocket hard, and that seems to be
why, all of a sudden, orders are given to stop persecut¬
ing the better class of Chinese. This order should have
been given years ago, before there was any talk of
boycotting in China. It looks as if the pocket nerve is
the most effective place to strike if justice is desired.
There are many farmers in the East who favor the
free entry of Chinese, believing that they will help solve
the farm help problem. While the Chinese might be
willing to work in gangs somewhat as the Italians do
or have done, we do not believe they would ever prove
successful as single “hired men.” It is evident, how¬
ever, that this country will lose much of its trade in
China if our present policy toward the Chinese is con¬
tinued.

*

It is stated that the Germans have levied a new tariff
on American apples. It will amount to $2.38 a barrel,
while apples from some other European countries will
enter Germany under a tariff of $1.19. During the 11
months ending May Germany bought $2,799,298 worth
of American fruit. This was $700,000 worth less than
the year before, and $450,000 less than the year before
that. The Germans have developed a taste for Ameri¬
can apples, and would buy many more of them if they
did not feel that this country legislates against them

in the sale of beet sugar. The American tariff on sugar
benefits only a comparatively few people. One argu¬
ment in its favor was that this tariff would build up the
beet sugar industry in this country, and give farmers
a new industry even in the Eastern States. It has done
nothing of the sort. Even with large State bounties to
aid them the eastern beet sugar factories have mostly
given up. In the Far West a few factories are still
running, but as a National enterprise American beet
sugar-making cannot be called a success. On the -other
hand, the tariff on sugar adds to the cost of an article
needed by all. It is also killing our foreign trade with
Germany, for that country must find an outlet for its
beet sugar or give up that crop and take up others
which will compete with the things American farmers
have to sell. Our export trade in meats has already
been hurt, and will be cut more, because the Germans,
deprived of their beet sugar market will produce more
live stock and either grow more apples or buy them
from people who will take German goods.

*

Rural free delivery of the mail has come to stay — the
question now is how to make it self-sustaining and more
effective. We are constantly told that the Government
loses money on this service, and plans are offered for
increasing the revenue from it or decreasing the expense.
Here is one suggestion :

Rural free delivery is desired nil over our country, but
a constantly increasing deficiency in the Department treas¬
ury retards its extension. Why should not an Immense
saving be made by letting R. F. D. routes to the lowest
bidders, with certain restrictions as to qualifications? Take
an instance known to the writer: An office has seven
routes. There is some doubling and retraveling of roadfe
that might be avoided if less carriers were employed and
details better arranged. It now costs over $5,000 for sal¬
ary of carriers, yet it is almost universally conceded by
men of good judgment that if one man could have the
management of the seven routes he could handle them for
$3,500 and have a good profit left. What is (lie opinion of
others as to the desirability of such a change? e. r.

1 he people most likely to object to such a change are
the rural carriers, who have a more or less fat job.

1 here is no doubt that many departments of the public
service could be handled cheaper if conducted as the
best private enterprises are. The public has not for¬
gotten the scandal arising from the old Star Route cases
of 25 years ago. I he best way to make rural deliverv
self-supporting is to start some sort of a parcels post.
The increase of business from this change would be
largely from country people, and the revenues would
he doubled in a short time without great increase of
expenses.

BREVITIES.

Keep dusty hay away from the horse.

The prize garden articles are coming in.

A fat job is a good filing to lean against.

When can you afford to feed grain to cows at pasture?

It is said that in some parts of China castor oil is used
for cooking purposes!

A newspaper printed in a rural county ought to make
a specialty of farm news.

Secretary Hitchcock deserves far more praise than he
lias received for the way he has run down some of the land
thieves.

Now we know what they use to make milk produce
“double the amount of butter." They use rennet and make
pot cheese !

There seems to be trouble in Georgia over the Agricul¬
tural College. The “university” seems to have taken the
college so thoroughly under its wing that it lias absorbed its
substance.

The Connecticut Experiment Station is starting some
experiments in corn breeding. There are native varieties of
corn that have many valuable qualities. It is believed that
these varieties will give better results both for grain and
silage than imported seed if they can be selected and “bred’
for improvement. This is excellent work which will prove
very useful to New England farmers.

A Michigan man who moved to Arizona was surprised
to find that The R. N.-Y. had readers there. There is no
reason for the surprise. We have subscribers in every
State and Territory and nearly every foreign country,
l’ractically every county in the United States is represented
in our family. We are safe in saying that no agricultural
paper is so widely distributed as The R. N.-Y.

In dealing with the method of strawberry growing fol¬
lowed by Tlios. It. Hunt, on page 504, we said he mows the
vines and burns them. Mr. Hunt says: “I do not burn the
berry tops, but let them and the weeds that are not seedy
and the old mulch lie on the ground and rot down. It
forms a mold something like that found in the woods, and
tends to keep the ground more cool and moist than bare
ground would be, besides perhaps adding a little fertility
to the soil. I am entirely opposed to burning any kind
of vegetable matter that can be worked into the ground.”

A tribute to Crimson clover comes from a reader in Dela-
wart, 82 years old: “I have had one acre in corn 12 suc¬
cessive years; put no fertilizer on in that time. I sow it in
Scarlet clover the last working in July, plow the next
Spring, turning the clover under ; plant about May 16 to 20 ;
h*ve averaged 70 bushels of corn or about 140 tons on the
cob. One crop destroyed by hailstorm made only 12 bushels,
and one was destroyed by heart worms. Scarlet clover has
made Kent and Sussex Counties rich. In 1860 I could buy
land there for $5 to $10 per acre, that will now bring from
$80 to $100 per acre.”

1505.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

54i

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The wreck of the Twentieth Century Lim¬
ited on the Lake Shore cost $771,000. This is the estimate
following the disbursement by two life insurance companies
of $206,000 to heirs of t lie dead. Of this sum $100,000 was
paid on life policies and $166,000 on accident policies.
There remains yet to be paid by life insurance companies
for deaths in this wreck $150,000. The railway company
affected by the wreck will pay $95,000 for nineteen deaths
without litigation. Injury claims are estimated to represent
at the present time without litigation $200,000. The loss
of the engine stands for $25,000 and of the library car $10,-
000. To these figures is to be added for incidental losses
not enumerated, such as delay of trains, track repairs, in¬
vestigation expenses, etc., $25,000. The total of this is
$655,000, which, added to what the insurance companies
have disbursed, makes $771,000. . . . Another failure in

the Postofflce fraud prosecution was recorded June 2.S when
United States District Attorney Beach abandoned the case
against James G. Metcalf, Ilarry llailenbeck and Norman It.
Metcalf, charged with conspiracy to defraud the United
States in connection with a contract to furnish money order
blanks, and against llailenbeck alone on the charge of pre¬
senting a false claim against the Government. . . . Pres¬

ident Hadley, of Vale, announced at the alumni dinner in
New Haven June 2S that a gift of $1,000,000 had been made
recently by John D. Rockefeller. President Hadley also
said that $2,000,000 in all have been given to the university
within a comparatively recent time, the other million being
subscribed by graduates in sums varying from $50,000 to
$250,000. . . . _ A painter working in a flat building in

East New York, N. Y., June 29, lit a cigarette and threw
the match away without noticing where it went. It landed
in a pail of benzine. The explosion threw one man through
a window and into the street. Burning oil flew over the
clothes of four others and they rushed into the street with
their clothes ablaze. Before people could get to them and
tear the burning clothes off several were frightfully burned.
The first floor and the walls of the building were ripped to
pieces by the explosion and the building took fire. The
blaze was put out quickly. A number of children who had
been playing in the street were struck by hits of broken
glass and several were painfully hurt. They were treated
on the spot by doctors from the hospitals. ' The explosion
broke windows for blocks around and caused a panic in the
neighborhood. Three of the men were fatally burned. . . .
The big firm of Sears, Roebuck & Co., of Chicago, is laying
out 20 acres in the West Side district of that city as an
industrial village for its business and employees. The
buildings will give 40 acres of floor space, and the main
building will be the largest single building in the world
devoted to the handling of merchandise, being one-fourth of
a mile long and one block wide. The railroad tracks will
run directly into this building, with trackage sufficient, to
load 32 cars at a time. In this building every express com¬
pany will be represented; every railroad, the two big tele¬
graph companies and the Government Postoffice Department
will also be represented. In addition to the business build¬
ings there will be homes for employees, and a park with a
large artificial lake. It is is estimated that 7,000 people
will bo employed in these buildings, and the buildings, equip
ment, etc., will be an investment of close to $4,000,000.

. . . Thirty-eight indictments against 21 persons were

returned at Milwaukee, Wis., June 30, by the Grand Jury,
which has been investigating county and municipal graft for
10 days. The preliminary report involves many supervisors,
who are accused of taking money from prospective bidders
for work on county buildings and other similar boodling.
How the county poorhouse came to be floored with marble
dr.d to have tiled bathrooms was a matter of interest to the
jury, and its investigation led to the indictments. . . .
John Hay, Secretary of State, died at Lake Sunapee, N. II.,
July 1, quite suddenly, though he had been in ill health for
some time. He was born at Salem, Ind„ October 8, 1838,
and was graduated at Brown 20 years later, being a class¬
mate of fhe late Elbert S. Carman, for many years editor
of Thk It. N.-Y. He studied law in Springfield, Ill., and in
1861 became assistant secretary to President Lincoln. He
saw some of the Civil War as aide-de-camp under Generals
Hunter and Gilmore, with rank of major and assistant adju¬
tant general, brevet lieutenant colonel and colonel. He
was First Assistant Secretary of Legation in Paris and in
charge several times from 1865 to 1807, was diplomat in
charge at Vienna 1807-68, Secretary of Legation at Madrid
1808-70, editorial writer for five years of the New York
Tribune, First Assistant Secretary of State and Ambassador
to England. lie was the author of “Pike County Ballads"
“Castilian Days,” and part author of a life of Lincoln,
written in conjunction with John G. Nicolay. Mr Hay’s
forbears were Scotch and English. His great grandfather
came from England to Virginia, and down to the time of the
slavery agitation the Hays lived the lives of Virginian gen¬
tlemen. Charles Hay, Mr. Hay’s father, moved out of Vir¬
ginia because of his hatred of slavery and settled in Salem
lnd., where he was generally beloved as a physician. The
death of Mr. Hay called out sincere eulogiums of his char¬
acter in both Europe and America : a memorial service was
held for him in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, July 5
Seventeen men, whose control of the meat-packing industry
of the country and exactions on meat producers and con¬
sumers alike have for years caused protest throughout the
nation, and the corporations of which they are the chief
officers, are under indictment at Chicago for'violation of the
Sherman anti-trust law. After an investigation extending
over several months, and costing in the neighborhood of
$300,000. the Federal Grand Jury brought in its report be¬
fore Judge Bethea July I, and promise was given that
as soon after Independence Day as possible the heads of
the great packing companies, their assistants and attorneys
would appear to plead to the indictments. In addition to
the bills under the anti-trust law four officials of Schwarzs-
chihl & Sulzberger were indicted on the charge of getting
rebates from railroads. The corporations indicted for con¬
spiracy in restraint of trade are : Armour & Co., Swift &
Co., Nelson Morris & Co., the Cudahy Packing Company and
the Fairbanks Canning Company. The men indicted o'n the
same charge are : J. Ogden Armour, president of Armour &
Co.; Clias. Armour, of Armour & Co. ; Arthur Meeker, general
manager of Armour & Co. : T. J. Conners, director Armour &
Co. ; P. A. Valentine, treasurer Armour & Co. ; Samuel Mc-
Iioberts, assistant treasurer. Armour & Co. ; Louis F. Swift,
president of Swift & Co. ; Charles Swift, of Swift & Co. ;
Lawrence A. Carter, treasurer Swift & Co. ; Arthur F. Evans,
attorney for Swift & Co. ; It. C. McManus, attorney for
Swift & Co. ; A. II. Vender, general counsel for Swift & Co. ;
Edward Cudahy, of Cudahy & Co. : D. E. Hartwell, secre¬
tary Swift & Co. ; Edward F. Swift, vice-president Swift &
Co.; Edward Morris, secretary Nelson Morris & Co.; Ira W.
Morris, of Nelson Morris & Co. The four employees of
Schwarzschlld & Sulzberger who were indicted for 'alleged
rebating with the railroads are connected with the traffic
department of the corporation. Their names are Samuel
Weil, B. S. Cusey, C. E. Todd and V. D. Skipworth. . . .

Setting aside all precedent, union teamsters at Chicago
July 3 suggested the employment of non-union teamsters by
the package express companies to avoid a strike of the
union drivers of those companies. This was the direct re¬
sult of injunction orders restraining the package express
companies from refusing to deliver to boycotted houses. The
union drivers asked the companies to employ two non-union
drivers each, the non-union men to make deliveries to the
strike-affected firms, while the union drivers took care of
the remainder of the business. The union men promised not
to molest the non-unionists. . . . Fire at Birmingham,

Ala., July 3, resulted in the death of two firemen, injury
to four others and a property loss of $100,000.

ADMINISTRATION.— The deficit in the United States
Treasury at the end of the current fiscal year, June 30,
approximates $25,000,000. This is about $7,000,000 in ex¬
cess of the estimate made some months ago by Secretary
Shaw. This deficit does not cause any alarm in Administra¬
tion circles. Treasury officers say it could continue for
three years without exciting serious concern. To fall back
on in an emergency there is an available cash balance of
$137,000,000 and a working balance of $57,000,000. The
deficit is due to enlarged arid extraordinary expenses rather
than to diminished revenues. As a matter of fact, the rev¬
enues have Increased, while expenses have jumped in the

year by leaps and bounds. The receipts from all sources —
customs, internal and miscellaneous — will aggregate for the
current fiscal year about $543,000,000, as compared with
$541,000,000 in 1904. Customs receipts, it is true, have
dropped off about $500,000, footing up to a total of $201,-
000,000. The gains come from internal revenue and miscel¬
laneous sources, the former aggregating $232,400,000 in 1904
and $233,500,000 this year, while miscellaneous receipts have
increased from $46,700,000 to $48,000,000. . . . John F

Wallace, Chief Engineer of the Panama Canal, resigned sud¬
denly June 20, to accept a New York position with a salary
of $05,000 a year. Mr. Wallace’s resignation leaves the con¬
struction of the canal without a head, and tile work neces¬
sarily will be crippled until the new chief engineer has had
time to study the plans and evolve his own methods. Mr.
Wallace is criticised for his failure to appoint an assistant
chief engineer, who would be familiar • with his plans and
able to continue the work in his absence. John F. Stevens
is to be the new Chief Engineer of the Panama Canal. He
is a well-known railroad man, and had been selected to con
struct the railroads in the Philippines. W. A. Darling has
now been chosen to take up this work.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The agricultural, live stock and
meat producing interests of the whole country are prepared
for a national reciprocity conference at Chicago, broader in
its scope and of more importance than any similar meeting
ever held in the United States. Ex-Senator W. A. Harris,
of Kansas, who, since he left the Senate, two years ago. lias
been conspicuously identified with the live stock interests
of the West, making his headquarters in Chicago, is in
Washington to promote the conference, which will meet
August 15. The movement was inaugurated at Chicago at
a meeting between representatives of the National Live Stock
Association, the Short Horn Breeders’ Association of Amer¬
ica, the National Live Stock Exchange, the Chicago Commer¬
cial Association, the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association, the
National Grange, the Millers’ Federation, the Chicago Board
of Trade, the Agricultural Implement Manufacturers' Asso¬
ciation and other similar business organizations. These
various bodies are represented on a committee of arrange¬
ments, with headquarters in Chicago.

The twenty-ninth biennial meeting of the American Borno¬
logical Society will be held at Kansas City. Mo., August
8-10. The society may bestow a medal upon a display, or
collection of fruits if deemed meritorious. It may also
award a medal to a new variety of proved value. Special
attention is called to this feature. Be it understood that
the exhibits are not competitive, but that each is judged
upon its own merits and if found worthy a medal is awarded.
Medals are of two kinds, silver and bronze. Both form hon¬
orable records of pomological progress. Let all those who
have new varieties of fruits, or old varieties of superior ex¬
cellence forward them to the meeting at Kansas City Ex¬
press should he prepaid, and the packages should be sent in
care of L. A. Goodman. Kansas City, Mo., for American
Bornological Society. _ M

COW PEAS AND WHEAT.

Mould it be possible and practical to use a crop of cow
peas between two crops of wheat? It has been suggested
that after wheat harvest cow peas could be sown, plowed
under after three months’ growth, and the soil again fitted
for wheat — so on year after year.

I know of no one in this lower section of Delaware who
follows this plan of fertilizing, but I believe the general
custom is to follow wheat with buckwheat and Scarlet
clover; getting a crop of buckwheat that year, and the fol¬
lowing Spring cutting the clover for feed, or plowin'' it
under at option of grower, following that with corn.

Delaware. s. b. adkins.

While 1 have never tried using cow peas between our two
crops of wheat, or have known anyone else in the neigh-
borhood to do it. yet I believe it would be a success and
have been arguing for this method for two or three years I
rather expect to try it. at least in a small way, this year,
and will be glad to let you know the results. The only,
objection to the method is that of having our corn ground
to plow for wheat ; this second plowing of our fallow would
make a great deal of work at. one time. I am also an, ad¬
vocate of sowing cow peas in our corn at its last, working
to turn down for wheat in October. I think we are not
making anything like the use of cow peas that we should.

Delaware. frkd. brady,.

I do not know of any farmers here who practice follow¬
ing wheat with a crop of cow peas grown on same land to
plow the peas under and work the land up and sow wheat
the same season. The objection to this plan would be the
expense and time required to fit the land for wheat after
plowing under a heavy crop of peas. M'e often grow a crop
of cow peas here after wheat harvest, which comes in June
and cut the peas for hay in September, seeding same land
to wheat in October, plowing the cow pea stubble in very
shallow, and working the soil up very fine before seeding
In plowing a heavy crop of peas it would be necessary To
plow deep in order to cover the pea vines. The expense
to firm this soil down to fit the land for wheat would be a
serious objection. I do not think it would be practical.
There seems to be difference in opinions in regard to using
acid phosphate and potash on cow peas. My experien/ce
has been that it did not pay. I have also used complete
fertilizers on cow peas, and could not see any benefit that
they did the cow peas. At present I do riot grow any
wheat. I think the cow peas are a great help to our light
land, making a No. 1 hay; the stubble and roots furnish con¬
siderable plant food to the land. The peas bring high
prices for seed, when grown for the peas, one of our best
crop's. A. A. DAVIS.

Delaware.

CONTROL OF CITY MILK.

Statements by Boards of Health.

Although examinations of milk have been made from
time to time, no milk has been condemned here for more
than a year. A few years ago several cows were found
to be tuberculous, and were killed, but I have not been
able to learn that the owners were compensated therefor.
In my opinion no milk has been delivered in this city dur¬
ing the present season from any dairy where human in¬
fectious disease has developed. M’e have had occasion to
remove one driver of a milk wagon, who had diphtheria, but
he was not connected with the dairy. The milk dealers gen¬
erally are working in harmony with the board of health.
From all that has heretofore transpired the power of the
board seems to be adequate for the protection of the public
health. g. v. r. Merrill.

Elmira, N. Y.

M'e have for a long time endeavored to secure a tuberculin
test of all cows supplying the city with milk, but up to this
time we have failed to do so. Concerning the milk from
tubercular cows, I am of the same opinion as Bang of
Denmark, who says that of all the tubercular cattle, ’but
one per cent are found to have tuberculosis of the milk
apparatus. I, however, believe that when tubercular organ¬
isms are found in milk, they frequently have gained entrance
along with the manure. M’here human diseases have been
prevalent we have succeeded in stopping the sale of milk
from such dairies most effectually. M’henever we have a
case of scarlet fever, diphtheria or typhoid fever the in¬
spector visiting the premises always includes the name of
the milkman. In every case of such disease the name of
the milkman is entered opposite it, together with other
data in a register kept, for that purpose. If any milkman
has upon his route more than three cases of any one dis¬
ease closely following one upon the other, his milk supply
is traced to its source, even if that source be a number of
miles* away. By this means we succeed every year in stop¬
ping one or two small outbreaks of diphtheria, scarlet fever
and typhoid fever. M7e have little difficulty in stopping the
sale of such milk, and we have under the law sufficient
power. In our city we condemn a very small amount of
milk. Mre do not believe that this is the way to do work,
unless the milkman is a flagrant violator of the law. I
know of no case where compensation has been given to a
dairyman for the destruction of cows or other property in
the interest of the public health ; nor do I believe that

such compensation should be given any more than com¬
pensation should be given to a man for counterfeit money.

Rochester, N. Y. G. w. goler.

As you will see by reading our rules, we can stop the
sale of any milk we have reason to believe is bad. Our
authority stops at . the city line, but the license system

really gives us power over dairies, for if objection is made
to our inspections we can refuse or revoke the license to
sell milk or cream. No milk has been condemned and no
property destroyed. There is no central station here, the
farmers peddling their own product. We have just finished
inspecting the 100 dairies that furnish this city with milk,
and find many violations of the new rules. Those Re¬

sponsible for these violations will receive due notice, and if
satisfactory conditions are not forthcoming the offending
parties will be called before the board to show cause why
their license shall not be cancelled. H. it. crum,

Ithaca, N'. Y.

There is a concurrent -jurisdiction over the sale of milk
and the regulation of dairies, by both the local boards of
health and the State Department of Agriculture. While

the jurisdiction of the State Department of Agriculture is
throughout the State the jurisdiction of the local boards of
health is only for the smaller sections of the State. The
City of Albany regulates the sale of milk within its boun¬
dary. All milkmen are licensed, and submit to the de¬
partment a statement of their source of milk supply, the
quantity they use and other information of like import.
As opportunity offers the milk supply to the citizens of
Albany is tested at various times, and particularly in such
cases in which the milk is under suspicion. It does not
often happen, however, that the milk is found below the
standards. We do not go into the consideration of the
bacteriological examination, nor into the use of milk pre¬
servatives. For the former there is no appropriation, and
the latter is more properly under the jurisdiction of the

State Department of Agriculture. We have a very few
dairy cows within the limits of the City of Albany, over
which this department, has jurisdiction. The question of
tuberculosis infection of cattle in the City of Albany is
left, for solution, entirely to the State Department of
Agriculture, where it properly belongs. The dairies within
the City of Albany, which happen to be in association with
contagious diseases, are controlled as the circumstances
at the time seem to warrant. M’hile no general rule is
made for the control of these conditions generally, it can
be said that prompt and vigorous measures are adopted
in each case to stop the spread of contagious disease
through the use of milk. Milk delivered in the City of
Albany from dairies outside its limits in the immediate
neighborhood of which are cases of human contagious dis¬
eases are also controlled. For the important contagious
diseases, generally classed as such, such as scarlet fever,
diphtheria and typhoid fever, we have a system of col¬
lective investigation. One of the questions asked by the
inspector in such cases is the source of the milk supply.
In case any number of cases of contagious disease appear
upon the milk route of any one milkman, that, source of
milk is immediately investigated. During the period of
this administration this collective investigation has twice
resulted in locating the probable source of contagion in
contaminated milk. The control of the milk supply in
each of these cases resulted in the prompt abatement of
this menace to health. Joseph n. craig, m. d.

Albany, N. Y. _

POTATO CROP OUTLOOK.

Botato beetles are more plentiful than last season ; some
farmers report their crop badly damaged. I do not know
of any farmers who use Bordeaux Mixture. The potato
crop looks fairly well, but needs more rain. As a rule, we
do not cultivate or stir the ground often enough. Coj-n
looks poorly and needs rain, and warmer weather, g. s.

Laplume,’ Ba.

Some reports indicate that Botato beetles are not so plen¬
tiful as usual this season, but. T have as many as I ever had.
Most growers have increased their acreage of potatoes this
year, while T decreased mine 30 per cent. T had a piece of
ground next to last year’s potato field that held the snow
all M’ in ter and did not freeze very deep, which probably
saved a good many beetles from freezing. The only kind of
blight that can be prevented by Bordeaux Mixture appears
so rarely here that no one now sprays for ft. There has
been a large acreage of potatoes planted, and good weather
has prevailed since June 1. The prospect for cheap potatoes
was never better at this time of year, but there is still time
enough for the prospective crop to be cut down 50 per cent
and its value increased 100 per cent. e. tolly.

Ohio.

I am very sorry to report that we have all fhe Botato
beetles we can use and a few millions to spare. T think
on account of the cold wet weather we have been having that
the small ones have been late in hatching, but they are
coming ahead now in good shape, and bid fair to make up
all lost time unless fed on the only article that Botato
bugs ever ought to have a chance to eat. The potato crop
looks fine where tended as it should be. M’e have had lots
of rain, and some farmers have that as the excuse for
weedy crops. However, the outlook for a big crop is fine.
Only a few farmers in this section use Bordeaux Mixture.
Those who have used it have failed so far to show results
sufficient to prove its use profitable. I used 13 pounds per
acre last year, in four applications, and 1 am satisfied that
my potatoes kept green and growing for two weeks after
about all other vines were dead. But my crop rotted as
badly as the rest. They run from 20 to 50 bushels pv> r
acre of rotten ones that we hauled to factory at 12 cents
per bushel. About 300 bushels of good stock per acre.

River Falls, MBs. e. h. O.

TROUBLE M’lTTT REAS. — Last year I recommended to
your cabbage growers the use of salt for the destruction of
the maggot. It has saved my crop for 15 to 20 years, and
is still doing it. Tf any reader lias tried the simple pre¬
scription to his advantage, I ask him to wash his hands
with me by telling me what is the matter with my sweet
peas, and how to save that fragrant crop? For two or
three seasons past some pest has attacked the root-stalks,
the effect being to cause the plants to lop down, loose en¬
ergy to attach themselves to the supports, and finally to
perish away before showing a blossom. “First of All” gar¬
den peas in the next row are displaying uncommon/ energy
and productiveness, showing that this latter-day pest does
not attack the whole pea family in the same way. The
Bea aphis came on in force two years ago ;_but the suc¬
ceeding seasons have not encouraged his attacks. e. w. '

Glen Summit, Ba. _

BUSINESS BITS.

The discussions in The R. N.-Y. during the pjist year on
the subject of cement for building on the farm Indicates
the possibilities of the many uses to which cement can be
profitably put. Inexpensive machines for molding cement
in any form desired are now being offered so that almost
any farmer can afford to own an outfit. Just at this time
the Atlas Cement Machine Co., 3.38 So. Ave., Rochester.
N. Y.. is looking for trade on a fence post machine. It
seems to us a cement post would be practically indestruc¬
tible and in the end much cheaper than wood posts.

Botato growers have long sought a machine that will
combine what may be called essential principles. It must
be within the strength of one good team. It must get out
the potatoes and leave them on top of the soil, and must be
sold at a moderate price. After many trials it seems to be
accepted as a fact that in order to do fair work on a va¬
riety of soils a digger must have some device for lifting the
tubers and shaking them free from dirt and vines. The
various devices of plows with bars or shaking prongs do rea¬
sonable work on some soils, but fail on others. D. Y. Hai¬
led? & Sons, York, T>a., have spent much time and money in
developing potato diggers. They have produced several bar
and shaker diggers which work well under some conditions.
Now they offer an elevator digger which we understand is
different from others of this class. M'e believe it will pay
readers of The R. N.-Y. to investigate it.

542

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 15,

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

IifiTIftED FRIENDSHIP.

Here let us sit and bless our stars,

Who did such happy quiet give.

As that removed from noise of wars,

In one another’s hearts we live.

Why should we entertain a fear?

Love cares not how the World is turned :
If crowds of dangers should appear,

Yet Friendship can be unconcerned.

We wear about us such a charm,

No horror can be our offence ;

For mischief's self can do no harm

To Friendship or to Innocence.

— -Katherine Philips (1631-1664).

*

Our favorite strawberry pie is a very
simple one. Line a pieplate with good
short crust, fill with ripe whole berries,
liberally sugared, and then cover with a
lattice formed of criss-cross strips of
crust. By the time the crust is browned
the berries are cooked in their own rich
juice, and the pie is much nicer than with
an ordinary double crust.

*

Travelers' collar hags, now offered in
all men’s furnishing stores, are easily
made and form a useful little gift; they
are meant for packing collars in a trunk
or suit case. The receptacle is exactly
like a round-bottomed workhag. The
round bottom, stiffened with cardboard,
is about six inches in diameter, and the
bag, about eight inches deep, is pulled
up with a drawstring. The bags are
usually made of broadcloth in some rich,
dark color, lined with light silk.

*

Have any of our readers tried the cold-
water process for canning rhubarb? The
rhubarb is cut in lengths, packed closely
in jars, and the jars then filled with cold
water. The water is poured in to over¬
flowing. so that all air bubbles are driven
.out; the jar then sealed, and put upside
down in a cool dark place. We are told
that gooseberries and pie cherries will
.also keep in the same way, but we have
not tried them. Tomatoes are also
treated this way, but the only time we
ever tried the process the result was very
discouraging. We should like to hear
from those who have had better results.
*

A thin lace stock, such as we find
attached to fine waists this season, loses
its transparency when lined with a foun¬
dation, yet persists in wrinkling down
without it. This may be remedied by
using four supporting strips of slender
featherbone, not fully tbe depth of the
stock, one at each side of the front, the
others at the back. Featherbone made
for the purpose costs about seven cents
a yard. Each end of the stay should be
covered with a bit of soft silk or muslin,
so that it will not rasp the neck. If the
full depth of the stock the stays are like¬
ly to project a little in wearing; for this
reason they must be a trifle shorter. The
front stays should be put in with
a slight slant towards the back at the top,
this giving a better fit. Sets of four stays,
bound ready to sew in, cost 10 cents.

*

A reader asked recently how to prepare
candied cherries. The following recipe
has since been given us: Select perfect
fruit, sour red cherries should be used.
Remove the pit, preserving the shape of
fruit as much as possible ; make a rich
syrup, and cook the cherries, a few at a
time, or one layer, in a porcelain-lined
kettle, until they look clear; now spread
the cherries on good white plates or plat¬
ters (do not use any old dish) and dry
in the oven or warming closet, turning
them occasionally once or twice a day
until dry enough to put in glass fruit
bottles packing them loosely; sprinkle
sugar over them while drying; also the
syrup, if any is left, should be poured
over. Pears may be treated in the same

manner. Halve them, pare carefully and
follow the above directions. They re¬
semble figs.

*

One of our friends, who is interested
in an institution for the care of aged
people, declares that S5 per cent of the
inmates have near relatives who could
care for them if they did not shirk the
responsibility. They prefer to pay an
entrance fee and leave old people depend¬
ent upon them to the care of strangers,
rather than lessen their own selfish ease
by returning, in some measure, the love
and care they received in infancy. It is
quite true that there are many unlovely
old people — cranky, small-minded and an¬
noying — who seem a disturbing element
in the family, but they are only a small
proportion of those thrust aside by im¬
patient youth. The tragedy of King Lear
is often repeated in plain and homely sur¬
roundings. The unloving son or daughter
who thus throws aside natural duties and
affections is sowing the dragon's teeth of
future discord. The example given is
easily followed by a succeeding genera¬
tion and the cold, calculating and selfish,
who have repudiated their obligations to
helpless age, may find too late that a
similar fate in turn awaits them.

Suggestions in Eggs.

Baked Eggs with Cheese. — Cut 12 hard
boiled eggs in thick slices, and, having a
buttered baking dish well sprinkled with
dry crumbs, place a layer of eggs in the
center. Sprinkle with grated cheese and
season lightly with salt and paprika. Add
another layer of eggs and cheese until the
dish is filled, finishing with the cheese.
Pour in a cream sauce thickened with the
yolks of three eggs, sprinkle with fresh
bread crumbs mixed with cheese, dot with
butter and bake about 10 minutes in a
hot oven, or until the crumbs are a golden
yellow. Serve at once.

Creamed Eggs. — Boil six eggs for about
eight minutes. Cool, remove shells, and
cut into halves. Put two tablespoonfuls
of butter in a saucepan and blend with
the same amount of flour. Adel a cup of
water and stir until smooth. Put in some
more butter, "season with salt and pepper
and a little lemon juice. Stir in the eggs
and serve on toast.

Pannikins. — Take some little earthern
pans, such as are sold for toy milk pans,
capable of holding one egg only ; heat
them in the oven, and when quite hot
take them out. and with a paste brush
butter them inside ; break an egg carefully
into each pan ; set them into the oven
until the white of the egg is hard enough
to retain the form of the pan ; turn them
out in a circle on the dish in which they
are to be served. On the top of each
sprinkle a little fresh parsley or grated
ham ; have ready a sauce of bread crumbs
beaten up with rich gravy, browned and
seasoned ; place this in the center of the
dish, the eggs inclosing it.

Eggs with Green Peppers. — Allow six
eggs for four or five persons. Toast as
many slices of bread as there are persons
to be served, and put where it will keep
hot. Put a tablespoonful of butter in a
frying pan, and while it is heating break
the eggs into a bowl. Allow a tablespoon¬
ful of milk or water to each egg, and as
soon as the butter is melted and begins
to bubble turn the eggs and milk or water
mixture in. When the whites begin to
set, lift and stir with a silver fork. Have
in readiness two finely chopped sweet,
green peppers, from which all the seeds
have been removed, and as the egg begins
to cook, stir the peppers through the mix¬
ture. Cook just a moment, spread on hot
toast and serve immediately.

Egg Salad. — Boil six eggs perfectly
hard, putting them on in cold water and

cooking 10 minutes after this reaches the
boil, that the yolks may be dry and mealy.
Cut the whites in two, remove carefully
and rub the yolks to a paste with three
tablespoon fuls of minced ham or chicken
or both, 10 drops of onion juice, a salt-
spoonful of mustard, a tablespoon ful of
melted butter, salt to taste and half a
teaspoonful of paprika. Crowd this mix¬
ture back into the halved whites, cutting
a bit off the bottom of each cup, that it
may stand upright, and letting the newly
formed yolk rise above the edge of the
white as far as the original yolk would
have done. Arrange these on lettuce
leaves and serve with a French dressing
or with boiled - salad dressing.

Deviled Egg Sandwiches. — Mash the
yolks of hard-boiled eggs to a powder
and moisten with olive oil and a few
drops of vinegar. Work to a paste, add
salt, pepper and French mustard to taste,
with a drop or two of tabasco sauce.
Now chop the whites of the eggs as fine
as possible, or until they are like a coarse
powder, and mix them with the yolk
paste. If more seasoning is necessary,
add it before spreading the mixture upon
sliced graham bread.

Roses from Cuttings.

Who ever has enough roses? Not many
readers will answer in the affirmative, un¬
less they hail from a clime where blight
and insects do not destroy, and frost is
unknown. Some varieties seem to have
an inherent weakness of constitution,
which causes them to dwindle and die
after a few seasons. Others are unable
to withstand the severe extremes of our
climate. The introduction of the Ram¬
blers with their hardiness and general
adaptability has marked a new era in rose
growing. Hundreds are now planted
where only one was formerly. Thousands
more should be grown. At this season,
every rose lover should start a few cut¬
tings. If her own garden is full, she
may help along the good work of neigh¬
borhood improvement. Is there no for¬
lorn school-house or cottage near you
whose occupants would be gladdened by
the gift of a rose? We prepare a bed
having an eastern and southern exposure
by scooping out the soil and refilling the
cavity with sand mixed with a little rich
earth. To ensure making the cuttings at
the right stage, they may be taken from
shoots on which the flowers have just
faded. Cut them about three inches long,
and insert half their length in the sand.
Some prefer to break them down, leaving
a heel at the base of the cutting. Place,
a glass fruit jar over each one, and water
religiously every day unless it rains. The
success of the undertaking depends upon
keeping the soil well moistened. Just
before the ground freezes in the Fall,
place a frame of boards around the cut¬
tings and fill the enclosure with leaves.
Lay a few boards or evergreen boughs
over the frame to keep the leaves from
blowing away. The Ramblers, Polyanthas.
and Hybrid Teas start readily at any time,
but the Hybrid Perpetuals seem to root
best in the Fall.

By May of the following year, they will
be ready to transplant to the permanent
bed. Some will bloom the first year, but
it is better to keep off most of the buds.
A Gruss an Teplitz which I started from
a cutting last September now stands near¬
ly a foot high, and has three fine buds.
Some shrubs can be rooted by making
cuttings four or five inches long from
half-ripened wood. Remove all but the
top leaf, and insert nearly the whole
length of the stalk in the soil. I have
rooted the climbing honeysuckle in the
same way. m. e. colegrove.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page S.

■ PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Couch Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

IN

01

o

H

W|

Banking by Mail

wherever you live
is so easy, and has proven so safe and
practical that many of the most careful in¬
vestors in the United States are taking
advantage of the local conditions in
Cleveland which permit this bank to pay

4 per cent interest

on savings deposits; compounded semi¬
annually.

Our booklet H clearly explains our
methods and will thoroughly satisfy you
regardingthe high character and standing
of this bank.

Assets twenty-six million dollars.
49,000 depositors. Small deposits wel¬
come.

Clevelartb
Urust Company

CLEVELAND OHIO

£)% And Safety

S2.r> upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.

Investments bear earn
lngs from day receiveu
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New fork
Banking Department.

PROFESSIONAL men anil
* other?* with limited oppor¬
tunity for prolltnble home In¬
vestment Ate advised by many
conservative authorities to
utilize the facilities of tlilsCom-
I any for efleclitiK loans on hlgh-
elass real estate. Our “eerti-
flcate” system is the simplest
plan for mail Investment.
Write for detailed Information

Assets. . 81,700.000
Surplus ami Trolits,
8100,000

industrial Savings and Loan Co.
5 Times Bl’d'g, B*wy, N.Y. City

8-Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can’t
ring every¬
one with
this your
wire is
j down.

Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mfgr.

Company

West

Chester,

Peima.

INDRUROID

ROOFINC

Requires no Coating- or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac'ically Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sami 'os, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chica

go, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

It always pays

to use good material for making clothes. A trifle more in
the beginning means better quality, more wear, finer print¬
ing, faster colors, prettier patterns, and greater satisfaction
as long as the dress lasts.

Simpson-Eddystone Prints fill all these requirements
and give the individuality to a dress that every woman ap¬
preciates.

Our ideas of quality are high and we live up to them.

Every piece of prints is thoroughly inspected before it leaves
our hands. This is why our calicoes have been the Stand¬
ard of the United States for 62 years.

Great variety of patterns in Blacks, Black-and-
Whites, Silver-Greys, Light Indigo Blues, Shepherd

Plaids. Sold by all first-class dealers.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

EDDYSTONt

PRINTS

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

543

The Spinster’s Portion.

Probably many noticed the coincidence;
on page 427 of onr Rural Round Table,
Opportunity held out a hand ready to
dispense weekly relays of silver, and on
page 44G poorly-requited Toil bemoaned
itself. Not to probe too deeply into those
privileges of make-believe which are a
writer’s own little jokes amid much that
is far from amusing, let us drop personal¬
ities and wonder afresh over this vexed
matter, the lack of connection between
wage payers and unremunerated toil.
The question being too big for a 10
minutes’ handling, narrow it down to the
cases we all could cite of lonely, narrow-
lived country spinsters, pinched in purse,
soul and possibly diet, yet living on and
on as if there were no better fate possible
to them.

Here are two sisters making a little
home for themselves on an acre of land.
They raise poultry, do plain sewing when
it offers, weave carpets, perhaps, try to sell
the crocheting they do — any way by hook
— but not by crook — they turn a penny.
For there are taxes to pay. a little insur¬
ance and interest, maybe, the omnipresent
rainy day always staring them in the face
with old age menacing on the near hori¬
zon. They fall sick and pay perfectly dis¬
couraging doctor’s bills ; there is never a
cent but by rigorous self denial for church
or Christmas. They have a friend, left
with a farm and the blessed memory of
having nursed and comforted two old
parents adown the evening slopes of life.
This woman — widow or spinster, it is
all the same — has heavier burdens of
taxes, interest and insurance. She under¬
stands the rotation of crops, the use and
needs of her home acres. She hires, and
struggles to realize her purposes; is
cheated, taken advantage of and reduced
to almost utter disbelief in the honesty
or kindness of man. Yet she loves every
meadow, pasture and wood lot upon her
farm. She works like a galley slave,
and all for the outlook of “keeping the
land in the family.” Yet the nephew who
will inherit it wastes nothing more than
pretty speeches upon her, and will very
likely leave his property to his wife, who
will in turn hand it on to a second hus¬
band’s children. ‘Tis a mutable life, this
one of inheriting and bequeathing, yet
these three women are living theirs as if
they were trees' rooted on cobbly hillsides
and destined to subsist on rain and dew
mostly.

Why do they cling so to their meager
homes and restricted lives? They are
past the age for dreaming of a type¬
writer’s or “saleslady’s” career. But they
work early and late, are faithful, capable
and blessed with what Mrs. Stowe called
“faculty.”- All over our prosperous
Union are women with pocketsful of
money bemoaning their cares, their re¬
sponsibilities. their inability to find com¬
petent help. Not each one of them has
the fellow feeling and kindness of heart
to make it a pleasure to work at her side,
but neither do our narrow-lived spinsters
find themselves much pampered in the
places they cling to. Not all positions
with families are to be counted as menial.
One must serve to be sure, but the mother
must serve, all must serve in some cap¬
acity in this world, or be accounted un¬
profitable servants when they stand before
their Judge.

What gets my lonely spinster for her
tenacious hold upon her home? Independ¬
ence? The independence of having a sur¬
plus of well-earned money to spend counts
up well against that of thinking one can
alway do as one pleases. It takes money
along with leisure to do much independ¬
ent living. A home? But one room can
be as truly a home as five, and the com¬
forts of a poorly equipped little cottage
make small show when compared with
those of a luxurious dwelling which even
the servants share.

Yet why argue the case. “When a
woman will, she will, and when she won’t,
she won’t.” In this case when she hugs
the home and “independence” she so
values it should be recognized that unless
unusually sweet-natured and content she
also clasps to her heart a poverty which
cramps and embitters. A narrow life
lived only for self turns generous natures
sour and self-centered ones into fossils.
Instincts of thrift and careful planning,
when crowded by necessity, push people
into attitudes which endanger self re¬
spect and kill out generosity and a happy,
free spirit. We all remember how our
unselfish friend, Charity Sweetheart,
blamed herself for grudging her brother,
not the fine feeling of liberality he en¬
joyed in giving away their maple syrup,
but her own pettiness in counting how
many hours of toil, how much careful
attention to details every ounce of the
syrup had cost.

One point must not be overlooked. An
old dog loathes new tricks, his very bones
cling to the bare hoards of his own fire¬
side and quietness withal. After 50 most
people prefer the ills they have to flying

into others they know not of. None of
us must lay down Heaven- imposed bur¬
dens in the hope of finding wider useful¬
ness and more broadening experiences.
But there are those who know that a
choice will some day come. All well
taken decisions depend upon the ideals
and ponderings of quiet nights and days
long before. To know what we want to
do is to put ourselves into unconscious
preparation for it. No one is old till
petrified by habit and dislike of change.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Rural Patterns.

Guimpe dresses are always among the
best liked for young girls and this season
the skeleton form is a favorite one. Illus¬

trated is a charming little frock that shows
a novelty of the sort combined with a
guimpe of white lawn and which is suited
to almost all seasonable materials. The
dress is made with waist portions and
skirt, which are joined by a belt, and in¬
cludes suspenders over the shoulders
which are cut out at their centers to allow
the guimpe to be shown beneath. The
guimpe itself is a simple one. tucked to
form a yoke, and includes bishop sleeves,
and both it and the dress are closed
invisibly at the center back. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size (10 years) is 4^4 yards 27, 4 yards
32 or 3)4 yards 44 inches wide with 1%
yards 36 inches wide for the guimpe. The
pattern 5043 is cut in sizes for girls of
6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of age; price 10
cents from this office.

The skirt. No. 5041, is cut in eight gores
there being inverted plaits at each seam

5041 Eight Gored Skirt, 22 to 30 waist.

with an additional txck at each side, which
serve to give the box plaited effect. Over
the seams are applied the pointed straps,
which extend for a portion of the length
only, and are held by ornamental buttons.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 10 yards 27, 6)4 yards

44 or 5)4 52 inches wide. The pattern
5041 is cut in sizes for a 22. 24, 26, 28
and 30 inch waist measure; price 10 cents.

The Floor Problem.

It is a puzzling question, — how to treat
one’s floors. Ingrain carpets are dusty,
bare floors are cold, borders of bare floor
with art square in center need constant
attention to keep the border free from
dust ; matting is pretty and cool for Sum¬
mer, but will not stand hard usage. 1
talked with a housekeeper of a dozen
years’ experience who had tried all these
ways, and she said very decidedly that for
herself the best way was to have a border
of matting with a large square rug in the
middle of the room. She likes Axminister
carpeting best, getting it by the yard witli
a border to match sewed around the out¬
side. The first few times it sweeps very
hard, but if it is swept in the same direc¬
tion every time the nap will become
stroked that way so that it will sweep
easily. It wears very well, this lady hav¬
ing one that has been in constant usage —
and very hard usage — for 12 years, and
looking soft and nice now. Light “wood"
tints are pretty and will not show dirt as
do darker colors. The matting for the
border should be of a fine weave, as it
wears better than the coarse. It comes in
many pretty colors and patterns.

s. B. ROBBINS.

i

Cooking Utensils. — It is a good plan
to keep spiders, kettles and saucepans as
clean outside as any other dish ; it is
really less trouble in the long run. There
is no need of getting enamel-ware sauce¬
pans and kettles black and smoky. Very
little time is gained, when wood is burned,
by setting them into the stove, as things
will cook nearly as fast on top, and the
bottom of the dish will get very smoky.
Then if it is set on a table or shelf it
will make a mark that will be hard to
remove. Many times the dishwater is
cold and greasy by the time the pots and
kettles are reached, but it is better to take
fresh water and have it hot and soapy
and wash these dishes so they may be
wiped on the dish-towel. If one must set
kettles into the fire, it is a good plan to
have certain ones for this purpose and
never set any others in. s. b. r.

Every woman is happy with her work
well laid out before her for some few
straight-going hours. Her occupation is
so apt ordinarily to consist chiefly in in¬
terruptions. — A. D. T. Whitney.

WnEN you write advertisers mention The
U. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page S.

THE

R1DEAU

LAKES.

The Rideau River, lakes and
canal, a unique region, compara¬
tively unknown, but affording the
most novel experience of any trip
in America. An inland waterway
between the St. Lawrence River
at Kingston and the Ottawa River
at Ottawa; every mile affords a
new experience. It is briefly
described in No. 34 of the “ Four-
Track Series,” “ To Ottawa, Ont.,
Via the Rideau Lakes and River,”
issued by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL

A copy will be mailed free on receipt of
a two-cent stamp, by George H. Daniels,
General Passenger Agent, Grand Central
Station, New York.

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application A
large, strong box
Rural Mail box. and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Go., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

Is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Onr Tanks are tight and durable.

Our Towers will stand in any storm.

Get our references in your section. Also
our Illustrated catalogue ami price list.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

THE MARK AND THE MOTTO

The Recollection of Quality
Remains Long After
The Price is Forgotten”

Trado Mark Registered.

C.SlMMOYs

Km

KulUR

The difference in worth between a
good tool and a pooi one is always
more than the difference in coat.

Counting tho time wasted in constant
sharpening and the short life of infer¬
ior tools, a poor tool is really more ex¬
pensive than a good one.

W henever you need a tool of any kind.

It will pay you to buy the Keen 'Kutter
brand, and have the best. AH kinds of
tools are made under this name, and every
kind represents the very highest quality of
muteriul, workmanship and finish.

Keen

mm

tools have been the standard of America for 30 years
and are the only complete lino of tools ever to re¬
ceive an award at a great exposition— the Keen Kut-
ter line being awarded the Grand Prize at the St.

Louis Fair.

Following are some of the kinds of tools made under the
Keen Kutter Brand: Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels,

Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws,

Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks,
Corn Knives, Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Eye
Hoes, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc., and knives of
all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools write us

and learn where to get them. Send for Tool Booklet.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY.

St. Louis, U. S. A.

298 Broadway, New York.

Get it

from, your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE-’ S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN,
CHILDREN

and MEN

544

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 15.

CONTENTS.

The Rbbal New-Yorker, July 15, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

How to Build a Six-Sided Silo . 534

Get Ready to Save Seed . 535

Alfalfa for inoculating . 536

Turnips as Fertilizer . 536

Destroying Two Running Weeds . 536

How to Grow Rig Onions . 537

Drying Mixed Corn and Cow Pea llay.. 537

Machinery in the llay field . 537

Hope Farm Notes . 53!)

Cow Peas and Wheat . 541

Potato Crop Outlook . 541

Trouble With Peas . 541

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

A “New" Method of Churning .

Control of City Milk . .

Two Holstein Cows .

Feeding Cotton-Seed Meal .

When Brooder Chicks Die.. . .

Calves With Little Milk .

Lice on Young Chicks .

Colt With Injured Leg .

Mange on Calf .

A Mysterious Hen Disease .

New Milk Law .

Indiana Sheep .

533
54 1
540
546

546
540

547
547
547
54 7
547
547

HORTICULTURE.
Trees Injured by White Lead and

Woolly Aphis on Old Trees .

The Value of Burbank's Fruits....

Stringfellow Tree Culture .

Remedy for Apple Borers .

Fertilizer Mixture for Fruit .

Training of Cherry Trf*es .

Summer Spraying for the Scale...

A Prune-IMum Hybrid . .

Orchard Questions .

Trade in Galax Leaves .

Coal Ashes for Squash Bug .

Notes from the Rural Grounds....

Oil,

533,

534

534

534

535

536
536
536
530

536

537
537

537

538

WOMAN AND

From Day to Day .

Suggestions in Rggs .

Roses from Cuttings. . . .
The Spinster's Portion...

The Rural Patterns .

The Floor Problem .

Cooking Utensils .

HOME.

. 542

. 542

. 542

. 543

. 543

. 543

. 543

MISCELLANEOUS.

An Air Pressure Water System..

An Army of Maggols .

Filling u Vault .

••••••

535

536
536

Events of the YVeck .

541

Business Bits .

.

541

Publisher’s Desk .

.

r>4.»

Products, Prices and Trade .

54. >

Problem of a Lightning Rod .

.

545

M A R K E

T

s

Trices current at New York during week
ending July 8, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales In the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red, new . — @1.0814

Wheat, No. 2, red, new . — 1.0814

No. 1, Northern. Duluth.... — @1.2114

Corn, export grade . — 47 0214

Oats . 36 47 40

Rye . — @ 70

Barley . . . — 48

HAY AND STRAW.

Receipts large and market

Hay, prime . . .

No. 1 .

X o 2 .

weak.

,13.06

4716.00
47 1 5.00
@14.00

No’ 3 .

Or 1 1 .00

Clover, mixed .

.10.00

Or 1 2.00

. . 9.0

or 1 1 ,oo

@14 00

Short and oat .

4/12.00

FEED.

Wholesale at New York.

City bran .

4719.00

Red dog . .

Middlings .

, -

Oi 24.00

.20.00

@23.00

Ilominv chop .

—

© 22.00

Oil meal .

, -

@30.00

Cotton-seed meal .

. -

47 26.00

Retail Western New York.

Middlings .

.24.00

47 26.00

Bran .

.21.00

4723.00

Red dog .

Oi 27.00

Corn and oats .

. 26.00

47 27.00

Oil meal . .

—

47 35.00

MILK.

The New York Exchange price is $1.21 per
40 quart can. netting 2% cents per quart, to
shippers in 26-cent freight zone where no ex¬
tra station charges are made.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 20% @ 20%

Firsts . 19% # 20

Seconds . 18 @ 19

Thirds . . . 17 @ 17%

State dairy, half-tubs, extras. 10% @ 20

Tubs, firsts . 18% @ 10

Tubs, seconds . . 17 @ 18

Lower grades . 15% @ 10%

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 18 @ 10

Firsts . 10 @ 17

Western factory, firsts . — @10

Seconds . 14% @ 15

Lower grades . — @ 14

Renovated, extras . 1 7 14 47 18

Firsts . 15% @ 16%

Seconds . 14% 4? 1.5

Lower grades . . — @ 14

Packing stock. No. 1 . — @ 15%

No. 2 . 14 %@ 15

^ EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white . 21 @ 22

Fresli gathered, white, choice. 19%47 20
Fresh gathered, extra mixed.. 10 @ 10%

Fresh gathered, firsts . 10% @ 18

Western, fresh gathered, firsts 10 @17

Western, seconds . 14% @ 15

Western, thirds . 13 @ 14

Kentucky, thirds to seconds.. 13 @ 14%

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

Small, fair to choice .

Light skims, choice .

Part skims, prime .

Part skims, good .

Full skims .

8% @
7%@
0 % @
5 Vi @

1 @

9%
0 Vi

0%

5%

2

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy . 7 @

Evaporated, choice . 0 % @

Evaporated, prime . — 47

Evaporated, scarcely prime. 5 % @

Evaporated, com. to good... 4 % @
Sun dried, Can., quarters... 3%@
Sun dried, Ohio . 2%@

Chops, 100 lbs .

. .1.40

@1.50

Cores and skins, 100 lbs. .

. . 90

Or 1 .00

Raspberries .

. . 23

Or 24

Huckleberries .

. . 10

or 1 1

Blackberries .

. . 7

on 7

Cherries .

. . —

© 13

6

_5V4

4 Vi
3

Vi

FRESH FRUITS.

Peaches arrived in poor condition
Apples, Red Astrachan, new,

barrel . 1 .50

Green, new . 1.50

Pears, Southern, Lo Conte, bbl.2.00

Plums, Georgia, carrier . 75

North Carolina . l.oo

Peaches, N. C.. 24-qt. carrier. 75

South Carolina . 50

Georgia . 25

Cherries, black, lb... . 8

Red and white . 5

Sour . 4

@2.50
47 2.00
Or 3.50
or 1.50
(a 1.50
<g 1.25
@ 1.25
Or 1.25
Or 1 2

Or 10
@ 7

Grapes, Fla., .Niagara, is

carrier . . .

Strawberries, up-river, qt. .

Western New York .

Biackbei ries, Del. and Md.,

Jersey .

Raspberries, red, pint .

Black Caps, pint .

Huckleberries, quart .

Gooseberries, small, qt. . . .

Currants, Cherry, qt .

Smn i 1

•It

fit

.50

4

4

4
3
3
3

5
5
0

© 2.00

(a 8

12

0

5

@

@

@
or
@

@ 10
@ 6
Or 7

or o

Muskmeions, Florida, bu. c

•ate 50

471

50

Georgia .

. . . 50

or 1

50

South Carolina .

. . . 50

or 1

50

Watermelons, Florida. 100.

. .10.00

@2

2.00

Florida, carload .......

. . .100.00© 200.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel....

@3

45

Common to good .

. . . 2.80

473

35

Medium, choice .

. . .2.20

Or 2

32%

Common to good .

. . .1.75

Oi 2

15

Pea. choice .

471

87 %

Common to good. .

. . .1.60

471

SO

Red kidney, choice .

. . 2.90

or 2

95

Common to good .

. . . 2.65

Or 2

85

White kidney, choice .

. . . -

47 3

50

Yellow eye, choice .

. . .1.95

@2

00

HOPS.

Choice .

... 26

©

27

Medium to prime. ........

... 23

4?

25

Ordinary .

... 21

4?

22

Olds .

@

12

German, crop 1904 .

. . . . 50

@

60

VEGETABLES.
Potatoes doing a little better.
Potatoes, Sout’n, Rose, TTehron

and Bovee. No. 1, bbl . 00 @1.25

Southern. Chili white and

Bliss. No. 1 . 75 471.12

Southern, Chili rod. No. 1.. 75 @1.00

Southern, poor, bbl . 40 @ 05

Old, per 168-lb. bag . 75 471.00

Asparagus, Colossal, doz . 2.50 @3.00

Extra prime . 2.00 @2.25

Prime . 1.25 471.75

Culls . 75 @1.00

Beets, L. T., 100 bunches . 1.50 @2.00

Carrots, old. bbl . 1.00 ,@ —

Long Island. 100 bunches. .. 1.00 472.00

Cabbage. Southern, bbl . 50 47 75

Long Island, 100 . 2.00 473.00

L. I. and Jersey, bbl . 75 @1.00

Cauliflowers, hothouse, dozen.. 75 471.25

Celery. State, dozen stalks.... 15 4? 00

Michigan, dozen stalks . 15 @ 30

Cucumbers, N. C., bushel . 25 47 75

Norfolk, bushel . . 50 47 75-

Norfolk, bbl . 1.25 @1.75

Corn, Southern, case of 100... 50 @1.50

Jersey. 100 . 75 471.50

Egg plants. Norfolk, half-bbl. . 4.00 47’ — -

Horseradish. 100 lbs . 5.00 47 7.00

Lettuce, nearby, bbl . 50 471.00

Western N. Y., dozen . 20 4? 40

Mushrooms . 10 4? 75

Onions. Sou’n. white, liu.-crate 00 47 7 5

Southern, Potato, bbl . 1.75 472.00

Jersey, white, half-bbl. likt. . 75 471.00

Peppers, Fla.. 24-qt. carrier. .. 1.00 @1.50

Peas, L. T. and Jersey, bu.... 50 471.00

String beans, Norfolk! bu..... 50 47 75

Baltimore . 75 471.25

Maryland . 75 471.25

Jersey, wax . 75 471.25

Jersey, green . 1.00 471.25

Spinach, nearby, bbl . 30 47 50

Squash. Hubbard, bbl . 1.00 471.50

Marrow . . . 75 471.25

White . 75 471 25

. Yellow crook-neck . 75 @1.25

Turnips, ruta baga. bbl . 1.00 471.50

White, 100 bunches . .1.00 47 —

Tomatoes, Fla., 24-qt. carrier.. 50 471.50

Savannah . 75 @1.75

N. C. and Va . 75 47 L25

Maryland and Delaware.... 75 471.25

Jersey, bu.box . 1.50 @1.75

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chickens, Western, lb.. 10 47 20

Southern . — @ is

Fowls, Western . — 47 13%

Roosters, old . — 47 9

Turkeys, old . — @ 13%

Ducks, pair . 70 @ SO

Geese, pair . 1.00 471.25

rigeons, pair . — @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, Western, average best 17 47 —

Mixed, fair to good . 15 4? 10

Poor . 13 @ 14

Chickens, Phila. broilers, 3 to 4

lbs. to pair . 28 @ 30

Western, broilers, dry picked 20 47 23

Western, broilers, scalded, 3

lbs. and over to pair. .... 20 @ 22

Western, broilers, under 3

lbs. to pair . 17 47 19

Southern, broilers, scalded. . 15 @ 10

Fowls. Western, dry picked,

medium size . . .' . — 47 12%

Western, scalded, merl. size. 12 47 12b.

Western, heavy weights.... — @ 12%

Southern and Southwestern,

dry picked . — @ 12%

Southern and Southwestern,

scalded . — @ 12

Western and Southwestern,

poor to fair . 10 @ 11%

Spring ducks, L. I. and E'n... — @17

Penna. and Virginia, lb . 16 @ 17

Squabs, prime, large, white,

dozen . 2.50 @2.75

Mixed . 2.12 @2.25

Dark . 1.50 @1.62

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale jobbers’ prices. „

Pennyroyal, lb . 1-00 @1.10

Peppermint . 2.75 @3.30

Sassafras . 50 @ 55

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Tansy . 3.05 @4.00

Wintergreen . 1.05 @2.00

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers . 5.10 @5.80

Bulls . 2.70 @3.75

Cows . l-"0 @3.25

Calves, veal . 5.50 477.50

Culls . 2.00 @4.00

Sheep . 2.50 @5.35

Lambs . 7.75 @9.65

Ilogs . 0.00 @6.25

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers. .

5

@

10

25

47

35

Fine wrappers .

60

@

70

N. Y'. State tillers .

3

@

5

Average running lots .

5

47

12

Pennsylvania broadleaf Bs. ...

13

@

14

\'a. shipping com. lugs .

0

on

6%

Com. to mod. leaf .

7

% or

8%

Med. to good leaf .

9

on

10

Good lo fine leaf .

1 1 % on

12%

Louisville hurley com. lugs. . .

10

@

1 1 %

Mod. to good lugs .

1 1 % 47

13%

Com. to good leaf .

10

@

15

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots,
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher,
soda scarce and temporarily high.

Nitrate of soda . —

Muriate of potash . — <

Acid phosphate . —

Kain it . —

Dried blood . —

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. lb. —
Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb. —

Single hag
Nitrate of

@53.00
@43.00
(a 1 3.00
Oi 12.50
@48.00
Oil 5%

47 2 %

When you write advertisers mention Thu
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Our.l-H.P." BEAT ’EM ALL’
Pumper, only $110. Our 3*2 to 4-
11. P. "WATERLOO BOY"
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

1 Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, ... Iowa.

PALMER

GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Ft ve Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Thr e Horse Pow r, $200.00
five Horse Power, $250.00
Seud for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3% H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger &

40(1 Cherry Street

Wriglitsville, Penna.

from Geneva. Thirty acres fruit; good buildings;
trout brook: $7, .100. worth $10,000. Send 4c. for bul¬
letin. 100 farm bargains; New York State. Mention
this paper. Johnston Real Estate Co., Rochester, N.Y.

The Corsican Strawberry. — Inquiry is
made about the Corsican strawberry. This
variety was sent out by Green's Nursery Co.
under' the name of Big Berry, but later* they
changed the name to Corsican. We fully
agree with your correspondent in placing this
among the most desirable strawberries now
grown. It belongs to the Sharpless type,
having similar strong growth of foliage and
plant. Berries are high colored and very
sweet, making a most excellent family berry.
It is also a good market fruit, as it car¬
ries its bright color with it. Season same
as Bubach, lasting a little longer. We have
sold a great many Corsican plants to cus¬
tomers, and have never heard a complaint
and often hear it spoken of in the highest
terms. The wonder is that so good a berry
should be so little known, a. w. slaymakek.

Delaware.

The Corsican strawberry is not fruitful. A
poor soft fruit. * h. a. simpson.

Illinois.

Woor, Prices. — Buyers are hustling for
wool : men, women, hotel men and preachers
are buying; commenced at 26 cents; then
offered as high as 34 cents for unwashed
wool. S. C. A.

Warren Co., N. Y.

Farm, Stock and Tools

FOR SALE. 200 acres, 70 of which is mowing, 130
acre pasture, keeps 30 cows. $1,000 worth of standing
wood and timber, sugar lot, fruit, crops all planted.
Ou main road, free mail, good schools, churches atui
neighbors. Splendid two-story house, 10 rooms, um-
ning water. Horse barn, cattle barn, ample for 40
head. Silo, cellar. All roofs slated. Extra good hen¬
house; milk room. Three horses, lot of harness,
wagons. About 25 cattle; a few hogs and liens, ami
a lull and complete line of farming tools, all in
good condition. Thta is going to be sold; it will pay
you to investigate. Address,

BOX 78«, IJR ATTLEBORO, YT.

WANTFn-0(,to,,er lst' Superintendent to take
If nil I LU entire charge of a Fruit, Truck and
Dairy Farm in Monmouth County, N, J. Must be
familiar with the best machinery and know howto
manage help. This is a commercial enterprise, not a
fad, and results are wanted ; both quality and quantity
being necessary. Best of references as to honesty
and experience must bo furnished. None but men of
experience and ability need apply. Address, F. H. W.,
care Rural New-Yorker.

USEFUL BOOKS

The Olds Portable Engine

OLDS ENCJNES

Take Your Power to

Your Work

Insending out their last specifications for '
gasoline engines for West Point, the U S.
War Department required them “to be
Olds Engines or equal.’’ They excel all

others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing.

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either j
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich.,

N.Y’. Agents, U. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N.Y

Sent postpaid by Rural New-Yorker at

prices named :

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

A I? C of Roe Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey... . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book, Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, Lodeman . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Cabbage, Gregory . 30’

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00
A Woman’s Hardy Garden, Mrs. Fly... 1.75
Dwyer’s Guide to Ilardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

Campbell's Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.00

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser, Law . 3.00

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing, Waugh 1.00

Feeding of Animals, Jordan... . 1.25

Feeds and Feeding, Henry..... . 2.00

Everybody’s Paint Book, Gardner...... 1.00

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Tub RuriL Noav-Yokkkr, New York.

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11-16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

FARM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
best features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will be up to the usual high standard and prom¬
ises to be larger than ever. Entries close Sej>t. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit and Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit ever given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features of
the Fair. Entries close in this Department,
August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.

The best birds in the country on exhibition.
All the latest improvements used in the handling
and care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to be greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies.

Entries close September 4.

S. C SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

SUM) FOR PRIZE LIST.

1905.

TUB RURAL NEW-YORKER

545

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

It is simply astonishing to sec the num¬
ber of rogues there are in the country
with schemes of one kind and another
to allure a dollar from the pockets of the
people w4io earn it honestly. Some of
these, schemes are so clever and subtle
that it is no wonder they catch the un¬
wary. The truth is they often catch men
of broad experience. We cannot hope to
head them all off. We could hardly hope
to do it if we devoted all our time to it,
and did nothing else. Some of them get
a good start before they come to our at¬
tention. Indeed, many of them have to
be developed before their true purpose
becomes apparent, and even then they
find apologists and defenders in apparent¬
ly respectable influences that profit by
the trickery. Fifteen years ago the
“creamery sharks” were in full sway.
They advertised liberally in farm papers,
and received no word of criticism from
them. Indeed, the work was done by
agents, and the advertising appropriation
was admittedly hush money. The R.
N.-Y. was the only farm paper so far as
we ever learned that refused their hush
money, and openly denounced them By
free contributions of stock or liberal sal¬
ary they always succeeded in securing
the influence of some respectable citizens
to help induce their neighbors to go into
the scheme.

When these same rogues turned their
attention to the Boston milk market they
found accredited help while in the work
to mulct the producers of New England
to the tune of $18,000, and to apologize
for them and condone their roguery after¬
wards. Their disciples modified the
scheme for operations in New York State,
and were again backed up by alleged
friends and advocates of the producers;
but all the time the farmer was paying
the piper. Indeed, so far had the brazen
effrontery of the scheme gone that some
of the local advocates of it actually re¬
ceived and accepted money for booming
a certain farm paper which was willing
to help in their speeches before meetings of
producers. When this scheme reached the
stock-jobbing stage The R. N.-Y. advised
the producers to keep their money in
their pockets, and they did so. Again,
the American Farm Company entered the
field. The R. N.-Y. showed up their
plans of operation from the start, and
when they began selling stock to farmers
amounting in some neighborhoods to $20,-
000, we talked so plainly about it that
the company felt aggrieved to the amount
of over $100,000, and sued us for that
sum. During this time they were able
to point to their advertising in other re¬
spectable farm papers, and the fact that
they had an alleged libel suit against
The R. N.-Y. was used as an argument
to discredit our information. When the
scheme would work no longer the suit
was withdrawn. Even now, at the pres¬
ent time, agents and promotors are put¬
ting out alluring propositions, and asking
farmers to subscribe for stocks in large
or small amounts in bulk or in install¬
ments, and if you write^one of the papers
or magazines that carry the advertising
and guarantee its advertisers, protesting
against them, you will get a polite letter
apologizing for them. We say this ad¬
visedly, because many of our subscribers
who have received such letters have sent
them to us, and some of them are on
file in this office now. As we said in the
beginning, we cannot hope to head off all
the rogues, but we propose to keep right
on trying.

Here is the substance of a letter just
received :

I am clad you are after the real estate
agents who are guilty of fraud. I enclose a
letter from one. This one procured two of
his grafts — $10 and $20 — here in this town
several months ago, but no sales. He has
tried his game on me several times, hut no
“bite” here. o. p. p.

Florida.

The following paragraph is taken from
the agent’s letter inclosed :

If you will send me check or money order
for the $10 retainer fee at once, as per my

former letter and booklet, I will place your
property on my list, and begin work without
delay, and 1 will agree to sell your property
within 30 days from the date it is listed with
me, or charge you no commission for my ser¬
vices thereafter. I also agree that, if I fail
to sell same within 30 days from the date it
is listed with me that I will continue my ef¬
forts in pushing the sale of same until it is
sold.

That sounds very liberal, but just what
is there in it to induce a man to part with
$10? This man’s promise to try to sell
the farm; not another thing. Neither is
there any better reason in the rest of the
long letter. Of course he is sure he is
going to sell the farm. He can’t afford
to be identified with a failure, he says.
But if he sells, the $10 is to be allowed on
the commission. This being so, and he so
sure of making the sale, why insist so
strenuously on the $10 in advance?

Here is one more letter on a different
and pleasanter subject:

Gentlemen : — I wish to thank you for your
“Business lien.” As I subscribed through an
agency I did not expect to receive it. It is
a wonderful little hook, a worthy companion
of your excellent paper. The same day 1 re¬
ceived “The Business lien" I received another
poultry hook, which cost me $12. For the
average poultryman I believe “The Business
Hen” is the equal. e. p. n.

Idaho.

From the first wc have had no occasion
to praise “The Business Hen.” Those
who have read it do that for us. We
made it for the practical man, and largely
for those who needed a full and detailed
information about poultry raising, yet
the men of most experience in poultry
raising are the ones who have praised it
most. To the farmer with a few hens it
is exceedingly valuable. It will be sent
those who have not yet received it the
day their renewal for subscription is re¬
ceived. _

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

A Ykak'.s Thadk. — The imports at New York
during the year ending June 30 were $684,-
497,042, a gain of $84,000,000 over the pre¬
vious year. The exports were worth $506,-
448,437, which is $12,700,000 In excess of
1904. The customs duties collected were
$172,547,960.

Pheasants Wanted. — “I wish to purchase
some pheasants and pheasant eggs, and would
like to know how much they are worth, the
eggs per setting and the pheasants per trio,
one cock and two hens.” J. e.

Long Island.

The Davenport farms, Morris Plains, N. .T.,
have tlft largest stock of pheasants, peafowls,
etc., in this country. Both eggs and stock
are for sale in season, and prices will he
quoted to inquirers. Some varieties of these
beautiful birds are quite easily raised and
handled and worthy of wider introduction
into country yards. Others have peculiarities
making special treatment necessary. One
should look into this matter carefully before
buying stock.

Cotton has once more gone above the 11-
cent mark, and the wild scenes of two years
ago have been repeated in the Cotton Ex¬
change here. The chief cause was the ad¬
verse Government report, which showed con¬
ditions to be from three to five per cent poor¬
er than was anticipated. The percentage
given by the Government, 77, is 7 Ms per cent
under the average for 10 years at the same
date, and would indicate a total crop of a
little over 10,000,000 bales. Against this re¬
port it is claimed that in parts of the produc¬
ing sections it is hard to get disinterested
information, and that planters willingly mis¬
represent crop conditions in the hope of
booming prices. No doubt there are those
who would do this, just as there are men
who always talk poor apple crops in the hope
of putting up prices. But representatives of
the buying end of both cotton and apples are
always best informed and not likely to be
buncoed by the producers. The gathering of
cotton or corn growing statistics is a job re¬
quiring much less time than looking over
apple orchards, and cotton dealers will learn
all that is to be found out, no matter how
many planters misrepresent or refuse to re¬
port. But it is to be hoped that the arti¬
ficial prices of two years ago will not obtain.
The public can very comfortably bear the ab¬
sence of the speculators devoured in this cot¬
ton exchange den : but the damage to busi¬
ness caused by the shutting down of mills
unable to run on raw stock at 45 to 20 cents,
and the increased efforts of foreign nations to
become Independent of our cotton by growing
it in their own tropical possessions, are mat¬
ters affecting hundreds of planters, working¬
men and the whole public as consumers of
cotton goods.

Size op Packages. — A correspondent asks
about the size of the baskets, boxes, crates,
etc., mentioned in quotations of fruits and
vegetables, and wishes to know why straight
bushels, halves and pecks are not used.

To answer the last part of the question
first, there is no good reason for the multi¬

tude of odd-size packages. The use of “pony”
packages, that is, those a little smaller than
a standard, is a sort of fad that has been
carried to an absurd extent. If A is using a
half-bushel package, B thinks he will be
smart and use one a trifle smaller, say a
quart or two, thinking it will sell just as
well. A learns about it and cuts his down a
trifle more, and so it goes. In short, these
nondescript packages represent the freakish
notions of package makers, shippers and deal¬
ers in various sections. Some of the stand¬
ards are as follows : A peach crate holds six
baskets of four quarts each. This crate is
also used for peppers and tomatoes from the
South. The muskmelon crate holds a
bushel ; the pony crate about a peck less. The
inverted bell basket is made in all sizes from
four quarts to a half barrel. Some beans and
peas come in the bushel size ; some in the
three-peck and half barrel. The peach basket
is supposed to hold a half bushel, but the 14-
quart looks nearly as large, and a good many
of these are seen. Tomatoes from nearby
come in a box called a bushel, hut really
three or four quarts scant. The chief effect
of this skimpy package business is to upset
confidence in all packages of the form coun¬
terfeited. There is no magic charm in the
sizes bushel, half bushel, peek, quart or bar¬
rel. The advantage of sticking to these is
that they are old established standards, but
the chief gain is the convenience of not being
obliged to look over every package carefully
to see that it is not “short." As has been
said before, probably few -people are cheated
by these short measures, as buyers pay a
short price for them ; but it is a bother to
have to eye every package so closely. It is
the contents and not the package that the
buyer is after, and he would be glad to be
relieved of (he nuisance of paying any atten¬
tion to the package. Take the four-basket
boxes in which plums and grapes from the
Pacific coast arrive, for instance. They are
more nearly alike than two peas, and no at¬
tention whatever is paid to them. It would
be out of the question to handle a fruit busi¬
ness of that size on the nondescript package
plan. _ ii.

Problem of a Lightning Rod.

E. C., Knox, jV. Y. — What shall I do with
my lightning rod? About eight years ago
a wing or lean-to was built to my wagon
house for an adjacent stable on the
side the lightning rod connected with the
ground. This was taken away and never
replaced. Rod with the points is still on
ridge with no ground connection. Wagon
house is shingle roof ; wing is steel. Can I
connect rod with this metal roof and be
safe, or would it be best to take down rod
entirely?

Ans. — This lightning rod should not be
left in the condition in which it is. Tak¬
ing one with another, it is doubtful if
rods afford much protection against light¬
ning. In this case, I think if it were
mine I would do that which is the least
work and expense, namely, take the rod
down. If he wishes to connect with the
metal roof of the lean-to, it will be ab¬
solutely necessary to have the roof con¬
nected with moist earth by metal wires or
rods, in order that the current may pass
harmlessly away in the earth. Rods
should be grounded deeply to moist earth,
or else carried down in a well. Of the
practical effects of lightning rods little
is definitely known. One properly con¬
structed will, no doubt, afford some pro¬
tection, but then, again, if it is defective
—and many are — it is liable to do more
harm than good. According to Govern¬
ment reports for year 189S, out of 1,800
buildings struck 40 had rods and S00 had
none, the remainder being not accounted
for in this respect. But this proves noth¬
ing, as the great majority of buildings
are not rodded, taking the country at
large.

When you write advertisers mention The
Ft. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

$100 REWARD

for any case of colic, curb,
splints, contracted or knotted
cords, recent shoe boils, splints
or callous that cannot t>e per¬
manently and positively cured,
if directions are followed, by

TUTTLE’S

ELIXIR.

It relieves and cures Spavins, Ring Bono. Cocklo Joints,
Scratches, Grease Hool, Foundor, Sore Backs and
Shoulders, Bruises, Wiro Cuts, Collar and Saddle Calls,
Pneumonia, Distemper, Chafed Places, etc. Used and
endorsed by Adams Express Co., Chicago Eire Department
and others. Tuttle’s American Worm Powders never fail.
Tuttle’s Family Elixir stops the pains and aches of mankind
instantly. Our 100-page book, “Veterinary Experience" free.

Tuttle’s Elixir Cc.. 30 Beverly St., Boston, Mass.

Beiuare of ail other Elixirs . Tuttle's is the only genuine
Avoid all blisters ; they are only temporary relief .

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sc.it
free. Address V KTEKINAKY COLI.Ki ; K.
Grand Kapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey , I’ri n

C HOICK Homor Pigeons for squab breeding and
flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Aeushnet, Mass.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Yearlings 7.5 cents.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Iiogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book. 10c
Rates free. J. A. BERGKY.Box 8, Telford. Pa,

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, VV. and ft. Leghorns, W. and B. W.van-
dottes, R.C. Reds. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N.J.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners tit the Best. Shows. Eggs $1
t'or 15; $11 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after Jane
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

EMPIRE STATE S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS. R. 1), 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

why not have the verj best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page illustrated Ornlngtou catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years aie in toesc yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

POULTRY SUFTLIES

* The Kind that Make Kggs — All per luu lbs.

Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 50c; MicoGrtt tor
Poultry. 80c.; MicoGritfor Pigeons, 60c ; MlcoGritfor
Chicks 6' c ; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.65;
Saul s Poultry Mash Food $2; Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2,
Saul’s PbicK Food, $2.50: Cut Clover,$1.6(l; Clover Meal
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25 : Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bone. $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25; Hemp Seed. $4.00;
Sunflower Seed, $5.50; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue sent free.

CU AS F. SAUL, 220-224 James Stx-eet, Syracuse, N. Y.

POULTRY

IOOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-i

_ — . _ J erything in the!

>poultryline- Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything — j
>tt’s our business. Call or let us send you.
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the 5
j asking— it's worth ha vine

Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

£? Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City (

OOOQQOOOQQQQOOQOOOQOOOQOCl

THE STRONGEST STEEL

Fence wire known to science ia
PAGE-WIRE — a high-carbon dou¬
ble-strength, basic open-hearth
spring steel wire made in our steel
mills at Monessen, Pa., and used
only in the manufacture of Pago
Fencea and coiled springH.

PAGE WOVEN WiltK FENCE CO.
Bex 753 Adrlun, Mich.

HOMESEEKER’S GUIDE.

DO YOU KNOW about the “Eastern
Shore” of Maryland? We publish a
Homeseeker’s Guide in the interest
of those desiring- to purchasing good
homes. Write for it, it is free to you.

J. A. JONES & Co.,

SALTS BIT KY, M A RY LAND

1’kach Fit Fuel A recent issue of Tub
R. N.-Y. stated that it is reported that peach
pits are used for fuel in some parts of Cal¬
ifornia. The writer bad occasion during the
past Winter to use some of this fuel, and
found them very satisfactory. They cost $4
per ton green at the canning factory. They
make a quick, hot lire, and are comparatively
cheap in tins land of high-priced wood
Arizona. j D r

ryn THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open and insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

I* . It. & H. .J. Weleher, Newark, N.Y.

TILt UHAIWEIM.AMD IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Carnes elf surplus wale
... , „ admits air to the soil. I

onii i,n t-| ■ r~ Vi ^ i the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made ferti!
ROUND TILE ] p ,lkl pr“;‘ /, >V meets ev.-ry requirement. We. also make. Sew.
■ J £l>e, Red and Hre Brick, < himney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Wri

for what you want and prices JOHN II. JACKSON, 70 Third Aw.. Albany, N. '

NO COMBINES OR TRUSTS IN CUTAWAYS.

i Clark s Kevcrsi bio Bush & Bog Plow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow anew
"L— Cut forest. Bis Double-Action Cutaway Barrow keeps the land
nr',,A. =. true, moves 18.600 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev. yr-y

1>,sk Plow cuts a furrows to 10 it. deep, .^14 in. wide /7\ -

All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wiul mustard, charlock, hard-
hack sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant Send forcir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,
Hlgganum, Conn., U. S. A.

j— ir * ~ ' j

546

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 15,

TWO HOLSTEIN COWS.

The picture printed at Fig. 226, page
535, shows two cows from the herd of T.
A. Mitchell, Weedsport, N. Y. The cow
on the left is “Spot Gladies.” She has
an A. R. O. record of 455.8 pounds of
milk, 17.89 pounds of 80 per cent butter
in seven days. The one on the right hand
side is “Colie 3d C.” She has an A. R. O.
record of 477 pounds of milk testing 3.05
per cent, 2t pounds and 12.4 ounces of 80
per cent butter in seven days. This cow
in the last four years has given 35,350
pounds of milk, running with a herd of
over 30 cows, and being milked but twice
a day. When asked why he prefers cattle
with a large proportion of white color, Mr.
Mitchell said:

“There is nothing in the rules that make
any reference to color except that they
shall be black and white. Color has no
influence whatever on the value of an ani¬
mal except that a certain color may possi¬
bly strike the fancy of a purchaser. Some
families, of course, run lighter in color
than others, bet there seems to be no dif¬
ference in production on this account.
The cow Colic 3d C. and calf was sold
at the Breeders’ Consignment Sales Com¬
pany’s sale June 9, 1905, bringing $405.
The reasons are many why almost every¬
one prefers this breed. They are large,
healthy animals, and have good constitu¬
tions. They are especially good feeders ;
they are easily fattened and made good
beef. Their calves are large, grow rap¬
idly, and are in much demand as veal.
They give a large quantity of milk, and
it is well maintained throughout the year,
which makes a large quantity of butter at
less expense than any other breed.”

FEEDING COTTON-SEED MEAL

There are two principal things to be
considered about any food. First, its di¬
gestibility and food content; second, its
cost. Cotton-seed meal stands at the
head of the list for protein (the thing we
usually are most in need of when we buy
feed), having from 41 to 42 per cent, of
which about 36 per cent is said to be di¬
gestible. It has over 10 per cent of diges¬
tible fat. Therefore, when feeding two
quarts or three pounds a day, we should
be feeding over a pound of digestible pro¬
tein. If the pasture is good, and the cows
not large milkers that might be more
than they would need or pav for. Too
much of such a rich concentrated feed
would tend to an overproduction of blood
and fat, and likely cause trouble with the
udder. It would depend, too, on whether
the cows have been used to cotton-seed
meal or not previous ^to their going to pas¬
ture. If they have not. and I thought
they needed so much feed I wo Id con¬
sider it safer to feed say one pound of
cotton-seed meal, one pound of cornmeal
and two pounds of wheat feed. This
makes a safe and altogether satisfactory
ration with pasture. Just how much to
feed and how long to feed it will depend
on the pasture and the particular cows fed.
As to cost, that is a relative term. With
wheat feed at $20 per ton, cotton-seed
meal is not expensive at $28 or $29. Then,
too, the latter is worth for the fertilizing-
materials it contains over $20 per ton ; a
large portion of this would go back to the
pasture.

The first essential in keeping, milch cows
is to keep them in good condition ; next to
feed them what they will pay a profit on.
The latter will depend on the individual
cow and the value of her product. I have
fed a number of carloads of cotton-seed
meal. My experience is this : When fed
with succulent foods, like silage or pas¬
ture, much larger amounts can be fed with
safety than when fed with dry fodder.
For an entire Winter I fed an average of
five pounds cotton-seed meal per day to a

cow, but in connection with silage and wet
brewers’ grains. There were no bad re¬
sults, except the cows lacked mineral mat¬
ter, as was evidenced by their inclination
to gnaw the 1 ark of trees. Ordinarily I
should not recommend so much ; when it
is low in price compared with other feed
(as it was then) there is good reason to
feed more largely of it. From two to three
pounds per day can be safely fed to an
ordinary milch cow. It has a tendency to
make hard butter, sometimes an undesira¬
ble thing in the Winter, but the reverse in
Summer. I have never seen as much
trouble with cows’ udders from its use as
from the high-grade glutens.

Ton for ton, I cap get more milk from
28 per cent protein gluten than from 42
per cent cotton-seed meal, but I cannot
keep my cows in as good condition on the
former. Usually the gluten can be pur¬
chased for less per ton. In buying cotton¬
seed meal, as with most other feeds, it is
necessary that they are pure and come up
to their guaranteed analysis.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

WHEN BROODER CHICKS DIE.

What do you do when brooder chicks be-
gin to droop, grow dumpy and begin to die?
They do not seem to be afflicted with lice, but
seem to lack vitality for a time. We would
like to know what expeneuceu poultrymen
do to prevent or cure such a condition.

Change all the conditions as much as
possible. Change feed; if in a brooder
house put them outdoors on a grass run,
but make the grass short; don’t put them
in long grass. Foul air is frequently the
sole cause. Get your nose down two
inches- from the floor — where the chicks’
noses are night and day; and see if you
like the smell. I have seen chicks confined
in a brooder house until so weak they ac¬
tually staggered like a drunken man ;
when brooders and chicks were put out on
a grass run the chicks were all right in
a week. It may be the feed. You don’t
give any of the conditions as to housing,
feed, age of chicks, etc., so it is rather
difficult to give specific answer! Some¬
times no one can tell; but I reason thus:
If under certain conditions as to feed and
surroundings, bad results follow, why not
change all the conditions? If the chicks
have bowel trouble, that is, are “pasted up
behind,” give 10 drops of “Squibs’ Mix¬
ture” in a half pint of water for their
drink. It worked like magic with my
chicks. Squibs’ Mixture is a cholera or
colic medicine kept in nearly all drug
stores. I put powdered charcoal in the
mash for my chicks two or three times a
week. Be sure they have plenty of grit ;
the fine gravel on the roadside is as good
as anything for grit. G. a. Cosgrove.
Connecticut.

When brooder chicks begin to droop,
grow dumpy and die, I should say that
there might be a variety of causes as well
as remedies. In the first place, I should
push them out of the brooder often, and
only feed what they would eat quickly,
and make them exercise hard ; also get
them out into the open air and sunshine.
We do not let them get this way if possi¬
ble. We commence with them as soon as
they arc put in brooder, and after a few
days of this treatment they generally get
on the right track and take care of them¬
selves. The feed might have something to
do with it, but more likely the conditions
of the breeding stock or the way they
were hatched, whether under hens or in
incubators, and the kind of incubator. If
you want good strong chicks use hens to
hatch them. e. h. de mar.

Massachusetts. _

Calves With I.itti.e Milk. — We have
raised six calves this Spring and without
very much milk to help either. They were
kept in the barn until the middle of Juno.
We made porridge of middlings and oil meal,
and when cold thinned with dishwater. This
was fed to them twice a day with plenty of
grass three times a day. Everyone says they
are fine calves. i. g. si.

Mhen you write advertisers mention TnB
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.’’ See guarantee, page 8.

JEGIST’I) Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
Berkshire Pips; Scotch
Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
Stock and make your own
„ „ selections Send 2c. stamp

Fancy ofEnreka VH>*91 for Now Catalogue.

EDWAttD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

„ YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price.
K. F. SHANNON. 905 I ibertv Pt . Pittsburg. Pa.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos. : 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lamhert Strain. “Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

OEDNEY FARM

I,. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfahshihk out of Golden Stream 8th,
Dorn Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
tbat ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.
QrAAew choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
» I REAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BKRKSHIRE
11CS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

. SffJ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y-

It Kills every Insect.
Karbo.

Biatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, Ill.

DR. DAVID
Roberts

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice bred and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

PEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the hftelligent
1 kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

CCTTCD D {I DC for sale. For prices & descriptions.
OL lien ruro write W. C. TODD, Williston, Md.

CO D CAI rr MALE anu fe-
Wl* OML.L MALE ELK at

I he Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs oi

, , ,, r,'F; f?r prices and information.

MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailing for Europe personally to select
and.brmg over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings: $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret, N.J

O. I. C. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalia, N. Y.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog: White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, *5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. E. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES BS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester, Mich

Reg. P. Chinas, Berlishires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co.. Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

_ R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Springbank

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. a„q sept. Boars,

and some fine July and Aug.Farrowod Sows, just right
.J breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
► you posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky

Breeders’ Directory

Seldom See

a big knee like this, but your horso
may have a bunch or bruise on his
Ankle, Hock, Stifle, Knee or Throat.

ABSORBINE

will clean them off without laying
the horse up. No blister, no hair gone.
$2.00per bottle, delivered. Book 10-B
free. ABSORBINE, JR., for man¬
kind, $1.00 Bottle. Removes Soft
Bunches, Cures VaricoseVeins. Allays
Pain. Genuine mfd. only by

F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt. .Springfield, Mass,

SPAVirsoF F
CURES 1

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Heel, Sweeney, Windgall,
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un¬
natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
and clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL, AFTON, N. T.
$1.00 ner Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPAVI3ST CURE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

per lK»ttle with written gunrantee,
'P 'J Send for copy, alao booklet and scores ol
letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, n.y

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIKSIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please youF
A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N.J

ONLY TWO HOLSTEIN BULLS LEFT

OLD ENOUGH FOR USE.

Will close them out at your price. They are well bred,
well grown and nicely marked. At the price, they will
surely go quick. If you need one write immediately.

Oakland Farm. T.A.Mitcliell.Weedsport.N.Y.

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE.

Home of Lord Nettaerland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

Ufll QTFIN Rill I Q from 3 to 18 months old. A
nULOlLlll DULLO few choice young Cows;
Improved Chester Whites of all ages Prices right.
CHARLES K. RECORD, Peterboro, N.Y-

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

SEND NO MONEY,

Order a beautiful, registered, yearling, HOLSTEIN-
FRIESIAN BULL to head your herd to-day. You
need not pay for him unless he suits you.

$5,000 . . GUARANTEE . . $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. I), Cortland, N. Y.

N. B. — 250 Cows, Heifers and Calves for sale. 250
You can get anything you want at Star Farm at
satisfactory prices.

AYRSHIRE BULLS, COWS AND HEIFERS.

As I am over stocked, I will sell four Bulls from
on* year old down to six weeks old ; all from the best
Dairy Stock in America with long teats. Also two
fine Heifer Calves and two Cows. I can furnish pairs
not related. Address, C. E. HATCH, Y. S., Gaines¬
ville, Wyoming County, N. Y.

FOR SALE— AYRSHIRES AND CHESHIRES.

Bull Calf, two months; two Heifers, six months;
nicely marked. BOARS and SOWS, eight months;
all eligible to registry and in fine condition. HOMER
J. BROWN, Harford, Cortland County. New York.

WHITE SERI DIGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 ]bs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of ail ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
anti second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEY CATTLE ) Breedfne

Chester White Swine l stock nfv

_n sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa.

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

547

net ON YOUNG CHICKS.

What would you do if you had a lot of
chicks badly infested with lice?

The best remedy that I could use is
Persian insect powder; use it pretty fre¬
quently in the evening whe-* they are in
the coops or in brooders, then spread it
over them or take one after the other if
they arc full of lice and rub it well in
the feathers. That is the best I can use.
Pennsylvania. joiin a. roth.

If I had a lot of young chicks badly
infested with lice, the first thing I should
do would be to vow never to let it happen
again ; then I’d grease their heads and
throats, dust them with something like
Lambert’s Death-to-Lice, spray their
roosting quarters with liquid lice killer.
But why have all this work and worry,
when you can hatch with incubators and
rear without the lousy hen?

Ohio. MILAN DALE FARM.

If the chicks were in a brooder I should
cleanse the brooder thoroughly with hot
soapsuds, and better still, spray it with
kerosene emulsion, and let it dry before
putting in chicks, and dust the small
chicks with good insect powder. When
chicks are larger, or as large as robins,
I use Lee’s Lice Killer, which is a liquid
preparation to be painted inside brooder,
and if chicks are with a hen remove the
hen and place her in a box painted with
Lice Killer. j. a. bush.

New York.

“What would I do if I had a lot of
young chicks badly covered with lice?”

I would take the coops and clean them
and spray with Russ liquid lice killer, and
1 should also buy Russ dry lice killer and
give them a good dose of the same. After
I had the lice off them, and two doses
would be sufficient, I would then spray
out the coops once a week. When the
birds got old enough to roost I would
take crude petroleum and wipe over the
roosts, and I do not think there would be
any trouble. We do not have any trouble,
as we keep after them, and do not give
them a chance to breed.

Connecticut. willow brook farm.

We had a Hock of 20 chicks running
with an old hen, and they became fairly
alive with body lice. We caught and
greased every one, old hen included, tak¬
ing pains to grease under each wing and
on top of the wing, as the lice were very
plentiful there among the quill feathers;
also greased very liberally around the
vent, as there were plenty lice in the
feathers there also. The next day we
couldn’t find a louse on the flock, and they
brightened up and began to grow right
away. We used common lard. To get
rid of red mites in brooders we would
clean thoroughly, scald with boiling water,
and when dry paint with kerosene, taking
pains to fill every crack. d. f. Arnold.
New York.

I do not know what I would do in a
case like this, as I have never been so
troubled yet. 1 his is one of the cases
where an ounce of prevention is worth a
pound of cure. Although lucre are many
good lice killers on the market, they are
hard to apply to little chicks. Chicks
hatched in incubators and placed in brood¬
ers that are clean should not be troubled
by lice or mites. We spray our colony
house brooder with the same solution we
use for San Jose scale — lime, sulphur and
caustic soda. One good application of
this, with eternal vigilance and some
good lice killer, on the perches, nests, or
under the hovers of he brooders will gen¬
erally protect us from these pests.

N ew York. floyd q. white.

I have no experience, as I never had any
lice in either poultry or pigeon houses.

I whitewash once a year with some crude
carbolic acid in the whitewash, and I paint
perches with Carbolineum. I house and
keep my poultry different from nine-
tenths of the poultry people ; all fresh air
houses, open fronts all seasons; free range
all the time ; no fancy foods, no mashes,
not even in Winter, no egg producers

or forcing food. I seldom lose a chick; f
don’t know what disease is, and get the
eggs. I have about 4,000 strong young
chicks out now, from “Tons of fresh air,”
incubators and brooders, and most all in
open front colony houses now. I think
I, know how to prevent lice and disease.

I doubt if I would be able to cure the
troubles. locust farm.

New Jersey _

COLT WITH INJURED LEG.

I have a yearling colt that was snagged
about three weeks ago below the knee of front
leg. It has become a kind of lump with a
little matter coming from one place; the leg
is swollen above and below the injury.
Should the leg be bandaged? a. w.

Dunbar, Pa.

Do not bandage the leg ; see that he has
exercise and wash the leg with cold soapy
water, with a little sugar of lead in the
mixture. m. d. williams, d. v. s.

MANGE ON CALF.

I have a calf which I think has the mange.
Will other stock take it in same stable after
calf is cured? If so what is a good disin¬
fectant, and how used? f. w. h.

Euola, I’a.

Try to remove the trouble at once, as it
is liable to get on the other cattle, and is
quite persistent in cold weather. If you will
keep your calf out of the stable and in the
sunlight, and wash him in tobacco water or
any good sheep dip once in two weeks, I think
that will be all that is necessary, but you
must do a good job or you would better get
rid of your calf.

M. 1). WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

A MYSTERIOUS HEN DISEASE.

I have some Buff Leghorn hens; their
craw becomes large, and upon examination I
find nothing in it but water. If I hold
them up by the legs water will run out of
the mouth. In course of time their combs
turn black ; they become very weak, drop¬
pings thin and whitish ; they then die. I
have fed charcoal, carbolic acid in water,
and tannic acid in feed. s. c. r.

Maryland.

A friend had something of the kind in his
(lock and lost about a dozen valuable birds
from the trouble. I examined one of them
after death, and found almost the whole ali¬
mentary tract very much inflamed and en¬
gorged with blood. The lower opening of the
crop seemed entirely closed, but by using con¬
siderable force a lead pencil was crowded
through it. I expected to find parasites, but
was unable to find a single one. The lower
part of the small intestine somewhat re¬
sembled the patches that are found in post
mortem in cases of typhoid fever of human
beings, but the mucous membranes were more
thickened. '1 here was no pus to be found
anywhere. I took the temperature of an¬
other hen that was apparently suffering from
the same trouble, and found it to be 108.4.
We gave them 10 drops of aconite OX in a
quart of drinking .water, after having
emptied out all of the water in the crops.
Four more of the worst ones died; the others
that were ailing were given free range after
two days, and were fed upon bread and milk
for several days. All recovered and there
were' no more cases. I was then inclined
to attribute the good results to the aconite,
but some time after that, while I was away
from home, my people on the farm shut up
my entire flock and, after about a week they
noticed some greatly enlarged crops and some
purple combs. As near as I can learn they
were similar to those described by inquirer.
They did not know what to do for them, but
attributed the trouble to the confinement,
and turned them out. I think four died ;
all of the others recovered, and there has
never been any more of it. e. m. s.

NEW MILK LAW.

Regarding license of workers in milk sta¬
tions, I think is a good law, which ought to
furnish more intelligent help, and nvake
each one feel that he has a personal responsi¬
bility. If producers whose milk goes to the
station do not like the price they receive,

I see no help for it until they put them¬
selves in shape to take care of their milk
and place it where it will pay best. Our
milk goes to Elmira at a more satisfactory
price than the station pays. h. m. f.

Elmira, X. Y.

INDIANA SHEEP. — Sheep still command
a good price in the Indianapolis market.
Usually there is a falling off in price after
clipping time, but this year is an exception,
as they showed a slight increase. Wool
sold here close about 30 cents, the highest
in 15 years. Putnam County, which adjoins
this county, has a Wool Growers’ Associa¬
tion ; they sell the clip each year at auction.
'■The clip of the members this year amounted
to 2,500 fleeces; they sold for 33 1-3 cents
per pound, the highest price in nearly 20
years. B.

Clay Co., Ind.

FOR YOU

Put Facts and Common Sense to’-
work on a Tubular Cream Separa¬
tor and you know it must be easy
to operate. Put Facts and Common Sense up against
a back breaking, hard to wash, high can “bucket
bowl” machine and you can’t make yourself believe
it is easy to operate. In the light of truth, the out-

of-date, “bucket bowl’
Which kind for you, the
Tubular or

Low Can or

Simple Bowl or
Enclosed Bears or
Self Oiling

separators go to smash.

"Bucket Bowl”

High Can
Bowl Full of Parts
Exposed Bears
Oil Yourself

Write for it.

Catalog O 153 tells all about Tubulars.

The Sharpies Separator Co.

Toronto, Can. WEST CHESTER, PA. Chicago.

(THE WAY THEY TALK.

“Scales in weighing order— working fine as silk.
Have been weighing horses, cattle and other stuff on
them. The more I use them the better 1 like them.”

JAMES COCHRANE, Beloit, Win.

KNOOIG PITLESS SCALES

save you *35.00 to *50.00 on cost, absolutely accurate,
always in order. Guaranteed 10 years. Catalog tells
it all. Write for it.

National Pities* Scale Co., 2101 w,.naotte Si.Rinsi* City, I

Portable. Easily
Moved and Reset
where wanted

SSSSHi

NATlONAi. PITLESS

Saw Mills

/ v

From 4 h.p. size to largest made. Favor¬
ites in every lumber district, because high¬
est grade. Edgers. Trimmers, Planers, Wood
Saws, Shingle and Lath Mills, etc. Catalog free.

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.,

610 Engineering Bldg., New York.

Fearless
Threshers.

Best for single fanner or!

several neighbors. Witht _

toea i 1 power it's all Indoors.

Suitable for either horse power or engine. Threshes and
cleans perfectly. Runs easy. Also lloise Powers, En¬
gines. Feed Cutters, Wood Saws, Silos, etc. Send lor
catalogue. —

HARDER MFG. CO., Box 11, Cobletkill, NT.

Best by Comparison

cheap^nfitatftfns^301'1161, °f * first‘c,ass Implement of any kind never failed to have

When the first Grand Piano was put on the market, perfectly made by skilled work¬
men, it had a perfect tone. Its makers had lavished money, thought and care upon It
and it was in every sense a masterpiece. Within a short time imitations began to anl
pear, each claiming to have equalled the work of the master builder. It is so with Kit
agricultural Implements. While imitation of any good article may be considered most
sincere flattery, yet the fellow who pays almost as much for the imitation as the price of
the original good machine, doesn’t get much good out of the flattery. The American
Manure Spreader invites a Test of Comparison under all conditions.

\v here a comparison is made between an American Manure Spreader and all other
spreaders on the market, invariably the decision is in favor of The American simply be¬
cause it s really and truly the best by comparison. " J

Some of the points of The American which entitle it to be called the best by com¬
parison spreader and which go far to get the decision are:

■Sprocket and Chain Power Quick Automatic return of bottom

Adjustable heed Mechanism Combination rake and end gate

c* t , Light draft and S'neral superiority of

♦Sa/Wy Link and Safety Sprocket material , workmanship and construction

moiJ?,y ’?as been sPared to make The American the acme of Manure Spreader
perfection. We have never built a cheap machine, never expect to or never will

When we cant build the best that money and skilled labor will produce we are
going out of business. Five sizes-nine styles. 50 to 150 bushels capacity. The largest
line including the largest Manure Spreader m the world. Our Tight Bottom machines
are designed especially for Dairymen.

, .'ne bave a, cataJogue which tells all about the construction of our spreaders and
also tells the value of manure, with treatise of care and application

Before you decide on what spreader to buy. you owe it to yourself to get this Infor¬
mation and you should send for this Free Handbook at once.

^ e sell our spreaders either on time or for cash. Money invested In a first-class
farmUuset,Preader bnngs more revenue than when invested in any other machine for

Handbook*681 th'ng t0 do is to sit r,ght down now while you think of it and write for the

How to Learn the Clash Value of Your Manure and
Get a Valuable Manure Handbook Free.

We want to place in the hands of every farmer who Is ambitious to increase his
crop yields and the value of his land some information that will open his eyes and a book
that will help him financially. We are gathering information as to the value of the
manure produced in the United States annually. You can help us. If you will fill out the
coupon below we will pay you for your trouble by figuring out for you the actual cash
value ot the manure produced on your farm, estimated on a scientific basis and will send
you a copy of our Manure Handbook and Complete Catalogue of American Manure
bpreaders. Write at once. This offer may soon be withdrawn.

AMERICAN HARROW CO. 1^>1 Hastings St. DETROIT. MICH.

If II, K* OUT AND HAIL TO US TODAY ——————

AMERICAN HARROW CO.
Detroit, Mich.

1 have . acres or land and . head of cattle

rr„ , jAh?riSes . - . . sheep.... . hogs. Please send me the

Handbook and Catalogue, and tell me the cash value of the manure produced on my farm.

548

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 15, 1905.

HUMOROUS

'(), Teacher, what's an Autocrat?

A liated personage, my child,

Who drives an auto through the wild
Defenseless 1 Tolela riat.

And who's the Proletariat?

The luckless masses, who would like.

With bricks, the Autocrat to strike.

Or rope him with a lariat.

Yet — mark you this : when one of that
Indignant throng amasses pelf,
lie buys an autocar himself,

And is, thenceforth, an Autocrat.

— Life.

Doctor (after careful examination) :
“Some foreign substance is lodged in your
eye.” Dennis: “Oi knowed ut! Thot’s
what Oi git f’r wurrukin' wid them Da¬
goes !” — Cleveland Leader.

“They are sending electricity through
buried wires in order to stimulate the
growth of vegetables.’’ “I wonder if the
current is strong enough to shock the
corn ?” — Cleveland Plain Dealer.

Tom : “Now that your engagement is
broken, arc you going to make Carissa
send back your letters?” George: ‘You
bet 1 am! I worked hard on those letters;
they’re worth using again 1” — Detroit Free
Press.

“I want a business suit now.” said Slo-
pay.” 1 was thinking of something in the
way of a small plaid.” “And 1,” replied
the tailor, “can’t help thinking of some¬
thing in the way of a small check.” — Phil¬
adelphia Press.

“You Americans don’t belong to the
nobility,” said the slightly supercilious
foreigner. “No,” answered Mr. Cumrox,
“hut if our girls keep on marrying abroad
the nobility will eventually belong to us.”
— Washington Star.

Little Amzi (who has an inquiring
mind) — “Do you s’spose, Uncle Bill, that a
hen knows the difference between a real
egg and a wooden one?” Uncle Bill Bider-
back — “Sartin she does, Amzi. Ye never
heard of a hen lavin’ a wooden egg, did
ye?” — Town Topics.

Ai.ice rushed in from the garden, where
she had been picking (lowers. She was
badly stung by a bee and was "holding on
to her finger and sobbing pitifully. “Oh,
mama,” she cried, “1 burned me on a
hug!” — Brooklyn Life.

“Are you going to send your hoy to
college?” “I don’t see the use,” answered
Farmer Corntossel. "The first thing a
college professor does when he gets a
bright idea is to publish it. I’d rather
subscribe to-the newspaper.” — Washington
Star.

“No man is so low,” remarked the citi¬
zen who is fond of moral reflections, “hut
what there is some one lower.” “That’s
so,” assented the fat citizen. “Even the
tainted oil millionaire can look down on
the chap who puts pig-iron into life-pre¬
servers.” — Louisville Courier Journal.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply ami
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtlVIIOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 yi artt. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low pricto will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NGERS0LL, «4 6 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders lor our celebrated Terns,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupon*
with every purchase. CilAKtiKS PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care «>t

THKG1IKAT AMF.HICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2*9, 31-33 VeseySt., New York

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and fanners’ flubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMI’ANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

Get free
enta-

of full
line of
Imple¬
ments.

EMPIRE ENGINES

8 to 25 H. P., mounted or stationary;
Sweep Powers, for 2 to 8 horses:
Tread Powers, 1 to 4 horses, level
or even tread; 6 sizes. Separa¬
tors, Feed Cutters, Feed
Mills, Hand and Power
Corn Shelters, Saws, Plows,
Steel and Plank Rollers.
TUX HKS8INUKU at Hi. CO., Tatamy, Fa.

The Smaller

TAKES LESS POW¬
ER because It Is tlie
only blower that
Tides Tor the ist

*peed
r cling;

S ro¬
of
to

sides

the fan accorc
elevation. Hundreds tes¬
tify to its superiority over
others.

r.REATEB CAPAOl"

because the machines have feij
making the table much wi'b«. ^ -.argrer
rollers, deeper throat and a o <~t ' Inde¬
pendent balance wheel to men ■ <* n the mo¬
tion. A 10-horse steam engine furnishes
ample power to run a cutter and blower from
10 to 15 tons capacity per hour. Many are
running with 8-horsc gasoline engines and do
satisfactory work.

CHEAPER TO OPERATE because
the self feed table Is so wide. No feeder
necessary. Simply drop the unbound bun¬
dles on the table and the self feed machine
docs the rest. The blower Is guaranteed to
handle all the machine can cut, and elevate
same to a silo of any height. The fan case
Is pressed from heavy steel, reinforced by
steel angles, therefore it cannot get out of
shape. We use larger pipe than others— it’s
because our machines cut faster.

SPEOIAI. SERES, Our specials No.
12, 14, 16 and 18 arc the Ideal silo fillers, for
they are larger and stronger than their size
indicates. That’s why they are called
specials.

ACCIDENTS ARE IIRPOSSIBL.E

on the Smalley Safety Blower, for when Iron
or other hard foreign substance comes in
contact with the knives the fly wheel and
pulley revolve loosely on the main shaft,
stopping the machine instantly. Machines
not so provided will be badly broken, some-

causing fatal
accidents.

DRIVING DEVICE

Is new and effective. Drive belt runs
cutter and blower. The tightener prevents
belt slippages.

-TI OUNTINGS. We have a durable
and Inexpensive four-wheeled truck for
mounting our cutters and blowers.

PRICES are lower than machines of
like capacity can be purchased elsewhere.

DON’T EXPERIMENT. It’s an¬
noying and expensive. Wc did that for you.
Get our machine, it has the reputation of
being the best that money will buy, has fifty
years of practical experience back of it and
no disappointed customer.

This Is what Geo. McKcrrow, of Pewau-
kce, Wisconsin, president of the Wisconsin
State Fair, says: “The only trouble we had
with the Smalley No. 18, special and blower,
was to get the corn to It fast enough to keep
It busy.”

Our free catalogue fully explains the
Smalley Modern Silo Filler that will save
you the most money and never cause you
trouble. Write for it today.

SMALLEY MANUFACTURING CO.,

Box 32 1, Manitowoc, WIs.

OHIO

” Self Feed
Blower

Ensilage Cutters

will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters, lienee, they excel in the two most important points,

The new sizes will out:— CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 14, 12 1o 15 ton» per hour In 1-2 Inch lengths. Power 8 to t O H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 16to20 do do 10«o12H.P. “

No. 19, 20 to 25 do do 12H.P. "

Aiul they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, lfi and 18 Self Feed Cut-
ters, both with glower amt Chain Klovators.

More money can be made out of milk cows and beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, mil k costs 68-j4c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage $r>.86J4, with
Grain ga.4(ij^. State
Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover 1 lay and 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce lOper
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silage costs about 91.50
per ton in siio. Catalog shows In¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of “'( >hio” Cutters. “Modern Silage
Methods'’ tells everything about
silage from planting to feeding
and results, l’neo 10o.. coin or
stamps. Manufactured by

THE SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO.

“Blizzard”

mounted.

New and
improved
with Self
Feed Table

Ensilage Cutting Made Easy

The “Blizzard” is a perfect bay, straw and fodder cutter, and a
most efficient dry corn fodder shredder. Prepares green and dry feed
economically, and this means money for the farmer. For ease and con¬
venience of operation, the

BLIZZARD

Feed and Ensilage Cutter or
Shredder with Wind Elevator

has no equal. Elevates to any height or in
any direction. Strongly built; lias no com¬
plicated parts; fully guaranteed. Write for
particulars how to get a “Blln.rd” on trial.
PICK ACRiari.TFIUL WORKS, Hoi 69 Canton, Ohio.

BJJ* UCut to the length you want,
and cut evenly.

Delivered into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The standard by which all other machine* arc built.

Maileinallsi7.cs. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
1 0 to 20 ton* per hour. Prices lower than any other pood
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has coine to be called Tho Complot© Machine.

Warsaw- Wilkinson Co., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, W. Y.

BUCKEYE

Combined Grain and
Fertilizer OiscDrill

WITH DISC-HOE SEEDING DEVICE

A BUCKEYE drill that embodies more excellent features than any other drill
we know of. The double run grain feed is “ as accurate as the sun” and will not
skip, choke or bunch. The fertilizer distributor, made of glass, Is a distinctive
feature of the Buckeye drills. It will not break, nor rust or corrode from the acids
in commercial fertilizers. Guaranteed to sow all kinds of commercial fertilizers
;ind tine manures, and does not grind the fertilizer into paste. The principles of the
disc and hoe drills are combined in the “Disc-Hoe” seeding device; the hoe evenly
and exactly depositingthe seed and fertilizer in the perfect furrow made by the disc.

Tills drill has a dozen other features of sterling merit, and is one of the leaders
of the famous Buckeye line. It will pay you to examine it at your dealer’B, or
write us for a complete catalogue of Grain Drills and Cultivators.

P. P. MAST & CO., 9 Canal Street, Springfield, Ohio.

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a bettor silago and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blowor ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and tho easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, neverdisappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutler you need a
Popoc. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

CUTTER

Mounted or unmounted. With cither Q

V blowers or carriers for elevating. Ourl
W blowers are efficient and light running 1
f and work perfectly. Large line of Power ’
an«l Hand Feed Cutters, Horse Powers, Saw
Frames, Small ThrcahcrB , Carts, etc. Catalog# freo.
BELLE CITY MFC. CO.,

Box 23-E Raclno Jet. WIs.

THE FAMOUS d

Green Mountain

ill

I

:

ill ill

/

j|

ii

e|

l|

11

Adds twenty to twenty-five per
cent to the productive value of
every cow.

Makes it possible to feed your
present herd at one-half the present
expense, or to maintain a herd
twice as large without any addi¬
tional expense for feed. Pays for
itself in two years at most, and in
many instances in one year.

Our New Catalogue tells all
about it. We want you to have a
copy of it. Write us to-day.

Agents wanted in unoccupied

oil MI 0 '

Lod territory.

[•UHNtlD VH. .. u '

Note: We are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and
Supplies for Dairy and Creamery ; alio Gasolene Engines,
Pleasure Boats, etc., etc.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

Free journal,

How to Build,
Plant, Fill
and Feed.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod-
ids of up-to-date silo construction.
Tho cut shows the "Weedsport
Improved .Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

SELF ADJUSTING HOOP SILO.

We have the only SILO on tho market that does not
require attention after erection. We use an automatic
adjusting attachment on each rod to take up the rod
when the silo shrinks. Also a perfecting working
door and a perfect open door front. Write for full
particulars and prices.

KEYSTONE SILO CO., Linosville, Pa.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One&two-horseThrashing Outfits. Level piiTTrno
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed & Ensilage UUI I LfiO
Write for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’LWORKS, Pottstown.Pa

'I

Vol. LXIV. No. 2895. NEW YORK, JULY 22, 1905. WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

SOD OR CLEAN CULTURE FOR INSECTS.

Which Gives Them the Better Chance ? Why ?

There is some difference of opinion among practical men
as to whether insects are more damaging in an orchard kept
in sod than in one thoroughly cultivated. Some growers
claim that certain insects prefer grass or certain weeds to
the foliage, and for this reason trees in sod will be cleaner.
We would like to have the subject discussed. Are there any
of Our common injurious insects that would be likely to leave
fruit trees for weeds or grass? Which do you think would
be the more likely to suffer .from insects, a sod or a culti¬
vated orchard, and why?

Not Much Difference in New Jersey.

This raises an interesting question, and one that may
be answered differently in different parts of
the country. Speaking for New Jersey alone,
it makes very little difference whether the
orchard is in sod or cultivated. The two
serious orchard pests are Codling moth and
Plum curculio ; neither one of them can, un¬
der any circumstances, feed on anything ex¬
cept the fruit. In a cultivated orchard the
dropped fruit is more readily seen and picked
up, and so it is easier to keep the orchard
clean. On the other hand, the curculio finds
it easier to get underground, and it has fewer
enemies that lie in wait for it. Where an
orchard is in sod there are always a consid¬
erable number of predatory forms, and pos¬
sibly fewer curculios would escape ; assum¬
ing that an effort was made to pick up the
dropped fruit in any case. As for the in¬
sects that feed on apple leaves, none of them
would abandon an apple tree for a sod. If a
sod is maintained for any considerable length
of time, it will become filled with cutworms,
wircworms and white grubs. These do not
ordinarily attack fruit trees, but in some sea¬
sons when May beetles are ur usually com¬
mon they may cause some injury to foliage
and even buds in apple and pear orchards.

On the whole, as between the two, a culti¬
vated orchard offers rather less chance for
injurious insects than one that is in sod.

On the other hand, the difference is so slight
that if a farmer considers it to the advantage
of his orchard to keep it in sod I would not
advise him to alter his plans in order to give
clean culture. John b. smith.

N. J. Experiment Station.

The New York Bug Man's Opinion.

It is my belief that, as a general rule, most
orchard insect pests will not thrive as read¬
ily in cultivated as in uncultivated orchards.

Yet I am fully aware that this is largely the¬
ory, as I do not know that anyone has made
a careful experiment along this line. The
Plum curculio is a serious pest in apple
orchards in Missouri and Illinois, and it has recently
been demonstrated that cultivated orchards suffer much
less from this insect. It is also a well-known fact that
cultivated orchards rarely suffer seriously from canker-
worms. Of course, there are several orchard pests
which do not go into the ground during any stage of
their life; fa*iiliar examples are the Codling moth and
the tent-caterpillar. Such insects, theoretically, should
be little influenced by cultivation, and I doubt if uncul¬
tivated orchards which are well fed suffer any more
from these two pests. In making this comparison one
should not include uncultivated orchards which are
neglected, for in such orchards I believe insect pests
would find more congenial surroundings and thrive bet¬
ter than in well fed or cultivated orchards. But not
everyone can grow apples successfully by practicing
the sod-culture method. There are, it is true, a few
orchards that are so peculiarly located and so well en¬

dowed by nature as to thrive under the sod-culture
system, and I do not think insects find more congenial
quarters in these orchards than in those which are
thoroughly cultivated. I know of only one case where
a certain insect pest of the apple prefers certain grasses
to the foliage of the trees ; this is one of the common
apple aphids or green lice, which frequently appear in
iarge numbers on the opening buds in the Spring. One
of these aphids deserts the apple leaves early in the
season and migrates to the June grasses, where it breeds
during the Summer, and then goes back to the apple tree
late in the Fall, where it deposits its Winter eggs. Thus
it simply uses the apple tree as hibernating quarters and
to furnish it food for two or three weeks in early

Spring. I know of no other orchard insect pest which
.prefers grasses or weeds to apple foliage, so I do not

believe this argument is a good one for those who

think that trees in sod would, therefore, be cleaner from
insect pests. Briefly told, I should not expect any notice¬
able difference in the number or ravages of insect pests
in two orchards, which were well fed and taken care

of, and which differed only in that one was growing in

sod and the other was thoroughly cultivated.

Cornell University. m. v. slincerland.

Keep the Orchards Cultivated.

There is no question that it is better to keep the
ground under an orchard cultivated. At least, I most
certainly recommend keeping the ground plowed and
often stirred. Many bad pests, as the Trypeta, “Rail¬
road worm,” etc., take refuge in the ground during a
part of their lives, and stirring the earth throws some

of them up where they are eaten by birds or killed by
atmospheric conditions or frost in cold weather. None
of the pests of fruit trees that is worth noticing would
leave the trees to betake itself to weeds or grass. The
idea is absurd. The grass or sod might well serve as
a shelter for injurious insects during the Fall and Win¬
ter, but it could never lessen their attacks by diverting
them to their own leaves or stem. A clean, well-culti¬
vated orchard is much less liable to suffer from injurious
insects than one in sod. g. h. perkins.

Vermont University.

Clean Fruit Under Cultivation.

So far as my observations go, cleaner and better fruit
can be grown in a cultivated orchard than in
one which is kept in sod, although I have
seen excellent fruit grown on trees which
were in a sheep pasture, but here the diseased
and wormy fruit which dropped to the
ground was all destroyed by the sheep. Of
course if hogs are kept in an orchard it is
practically a cultivated orchard. While it is
true that certain species of plant lice migrate
from fruit trees to weeds or grasses, where
certain generations live, the fact that the
weeds and grasses grow in the orchard
would make no difference with the trees, but
would only make it more convenient for the
migrating plant lice. They would migrate
just the same if they were obliged to go to
an adjoining field, or perhaps to a distant
one. On the other hand, borers in both apple
and peach trees have seemed to he more trou¬
blesome in uncultivated orchards, or even in
cultivated ones where there was a mulch left
round the trunk of the tree. I am also rea¬
sonably sure that stirring the soil close up
to the trunks of the trees through June, July
and the first half of August would do much
to help check such insects as the Plum cur¬
culio, Codling moth, Pear midge, and possibly
the Apple maggot, which go into the ground
to pupate. At the present time I can think
of no insects which are less troublesome on
trees in orchards where the sod method is
employed. w. e. britton.

Connecticut State Entomologist.

Insects Worse in Trash ; Sod Warmer.

1 here are many of our worst orchard in¬
sects which find shelter in weeds and grasses,
or any kind of trash that is left in the or¬
chard. Among such insects are the Codling
moth and the Plum curculio. A list of
others, too long for enumeration, also find
similar shelter. However, in orchards fol¬
lowing clean culture severe Winters often in¬
flict so much injury that the vitality of the
trees is reduced, inviting attacks of some in¬
sects that are almost sure to inflict fatal damage. Trees
injured by cold are especially liable to the attacks of
Bark beetle, and when they have once commenced there
is less hope for the tree than if it were attacked by
San Jose scale. Answering your question as to
whether any of our common injurious insects are likely
to leave fruit trees for weeds and grass, there are some
that occasionally inflict a good deal of damage and pre¬
fer weeds and grass. For this very reason weeds and
grass in the orchard are apt to breed them in excessive
numbers, so that they are more likely to attack the
trees than if clean culture were pursued. It is a gen¬
eral law of insect life that abundance of food will in¬
crease the number of insects to such a degree that they
are likely to seek food plants which ordinarily are of
second choice. I believe an intelligent fruit grower
can keep his orchard in sod or can have clean culture,
and so adapt his practice to his method that he will

A GOOD CLUSTER OF PRESIDENT. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 229.

See Page 551.

55o

TUB- RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 22,

not suffer disastrously from insect attack in either case.

Ohio State Entomologist. h. a. gossard.

An Argument Against Sod.

I list herein a few insects, in what I should regard
the order of their importance to apple growers in typical
localities of the United States : 1. Codling moth. 2.

Plum curculio in both apple and plum. 3. Leaf-eating
caterpillars, such as canker-worms and tent-caterpillars.
4. The Apple aphis. 5. The Woolly aphis. 6. Borers.
In considering the Codling moth first; as many of
your readers doubtless know, the larva when full
grown, either lets itself down from the apple, as a rule,
or the apple dropping, it crawls from the apple and
generally toward the tree trunk, and there pupates.
However, if it meets on this journey any protec¬
tion, such as would be afforded naturally in an
orchard left in sod, it would be very apt to pupate
in such a situation ; therefore, 1 regard a sod
orchard as undesirable with reference to the Cod¬
ling moth. The Plum curculio we are finding here,
and to my knowledge in some other States also,
almost as important a pest upon the apple as the
preceding. The Plum curculio, in going through
its transformations, pupates an inch or more below
the surface of the ground. One of the suggested
remedies, and a remedy that has been found good
in this connection, is working of the soil of the
apple orchard in July and August; shallow plowing
followed by two or three harrowings between the
middle of July and the middle of August.* This, of
course, is out of the question if the orchard is in
sod. Furthermore, while the adult beetle of the
Plum curculio flies a long distance sometimes to
find a suitable place to pass the Winter, it is a
fact that they do hibernate, for the most part,
under the fruit trees which they have been infest¬
ing, particularly if there is rubbish there, or if the
ground is in sod which is not disturbed. We can
refer to the last four groups of orchard pests men¬
tioned, in a general way, by saying that anything on the
soil which offers protection, either during Winter or at
other times, is undesirable, and sod does in a great
measure offer that protection. In a general way it may
be said of all insect life that protection of any kind, in
the shape of rubbish, or anything approaching rubbish,
encourages the increase of the insect. The insects which
I have given I regard as the chief enemies of the hor¬
ticulturist, and none of these, so far as I am aware,
would leave the fruit trees for any other plant. There¬
fore, while sod may be useful in conserving moisture,
and useful in a snowless Winter, to some extent in
protecting roots, I do not regard its presence in an
orchard as desirable. f. l- washburn.

Cultivation Destroys Many Insects.

It is safe to say that cultivation tends
to the reduction of destructive insects.

This operates in two ways; by the re¬
pression of weeds, which, being the
favorite food plants of an insect, often
constitute centers of infestation to ad¬
jacent crops, and by the destruction of
the insects through the disturbing of
the soil. Disking Alfalfa fields in

early Spring, after the frost has left
the ground and before vegetation is
well started, will destroy native grass¬
hopper eggs in the soil, kills native
grasses, the natural food plants of the
insects, and will often increase the
yields of the first and second crops of
Alfalfa by one-third. Cultivation be¬
fore the planting of corn to destroy
smartweed and Crab grass tends to
starve out the Corn root-lice and af¬
fords protection to the corn which is
proportionate to the thoroughness of
the work. Investigations of the out¬
breaks of the Buffalo tree-llopper, an
insect of increasing importance to the
western apple growing public, showed
that the trees that were much injured
by this insect were grown in weeds
and grasses, cultivation during August
and September having been suspended for one reason
or another, and the orchard weeds allowed to grow un¬
checked. Orchards where cultivation was not neglected
showed almost entire freedom from this pest. Com¬
plete reliance may be placed in clean culture for the
control of this insect. The Tarnished plant-bug will
thrive in Timothy overgrown with golden-rod and white-
top (Erigeron annuus), and in migrating to adjacent
orchards has caused severe injuries to the fruit trees.
Young apple orchards started in partially broken sod
have been ruined by grasshoppers breeding in the sur¬
rounding grasses.

Many important pests spend a portion of their lives
either in or about the surface of the ground. Cut¬

worms, wireworms and white grubs thrive in the sod,
and much can be accomplished toward their destruction
by timely plowing of the ground, followed by thorough
harrowing. Likewise the Plum curculio, Yellow-necked
apple tree caterpillar, Rose bug, Pear midge, Cherry
maggot, Apple maggot and Grape fidia are susceptible
to the disturbance of the soil by cultivation. Other fruit
pests might be mentioned which are amenable in part
to such practice. There is some truth in the statement
that grass in an orchard may furnish protection to the
trees from certain insects. For instance, fruit trees in
sod seem to be less ravaged by climbing cutworms than
trees growing in bare ground, as the grass is apparently
more attractive to the creatures as means of subsistence

than the foliage of the trees. But for the larger number
of important orchard pests greater protection would be
secured by judicious cultivation. Of course one can
recall to mind the histories of a number of orchards
which tend to show, that, while theoretically cultivation
is destructive to certain insects, yet in its practical oper-
tions very little difference with respect to these pests
can be detected in orchards that are systematically cul¬
tivated as compared with those grown in sod. But
while in this quandary we should not be unmindful of
the migratory habits of insects and of their “ups and
downs” occasioned by weather conditions and parasit¬
ism, which, acting as balancing forces, may often obscure
the good results of cultivation and neutralize the effects

of a contrary practice. Leaving out of consideration
the comparative values of the various methods of or¬
chard management in other respects, which are often
determined by local conditions, and granting all other
things equal, I think there is very little question but
timely tilling of the soil is very detrimental to many
orchard pests, and that many of them are destroyed
which might escape if cultivation was not practiced.

Geneva Exn. Station. P. J. PARROTT.

R. N.-Y. — There is no hard and fast rule applicable to
all orchard conditions. In localities badly infested with
injurious insects that harbor in sod, clean culture is
doubtless advisable. Pasturing with sheep or hogs, which
is a modification of both methods, finds favor with many.

ASPARAGUS IN MICHIGAN.

We have had less trouble this year than usual in
keeping our asparagus reasonably free from weeds.
This was done with the frequent use of the weeder.
A little, of course, is broken down, but the benefit far
exceeds the injury. To get the best out of a weeder, it
must be remembered that it does not destroy, but pre¬
vents weeds ; use it freely as soon as weeds are in sight,
or even before, and when the ground is dry, and results
will usually be satisfactory. With us the yield fluctu¬
ates, but it is reasonable to expect that it will be less as
the field grows older. Of the past five years, 1001 gave
the poorest yield, 1904 the best; in price 1002 was the
best and 1004 the poorest. The rust gave us quite
a scare a few years ago, but has given but little
trouble for the past two years, and I believe that
with proper care and fertilizing the crop will be
able to take care of itself. I have tried various
brands of commercial fertilizer, but with such in¬
different results that I have secured a reserved seat
on the manure wagon ; it is not so pleasant to ride
there as in an auto, but it is safer — at least for a
farmer. There is little probability of using too
much manure unless it should be so coarse as to
interfere with cultivation. I suppose most growers
find their asparagus rows weedy at the end of the
cutting season ; these should not be left, and to
remove them by hand is an expensive undertaking,
so for the past three years I have adopted the fol¬
lowing method: Immediately after the last cut-
ing I go over the rows with a plow, cutting off
all weeds, grass and the accumulated small aspar¬
agus stems ; run over the ground with weeder or
light harrow to scatter and kill the weeds and fine
the earth ; then reverse the operation and turn two
furrows on top of the row. The young shoots will
come through this, and will have a good start of
the weeds.

The beetle has been very troublesome here this
year. To keep them as much as possible from gnawing
the edible grass, and depositing their eggs on it, we
allow the small stems to grow for a week or 10 days,
but they must be cut before the larva has time to de¬
velop. I have not tried spraying either for rust or
beetles. Late in the Fall (the day before the ground
freezes, as nearly as I can guess it) I go over the field
with a disk harrow, the idea being to throw the beetles
out of their Winter quarters. I think 1 have destroyed
many in this way. Whether or not to increase the
acreage would depend chiefly on the matter of fertility
and help. If soil is naturally fertile, or if a good sup¬
ply of fertilizer is available, and the question of help
can be adjusted, there is no crop that I would rather
plant now than asparagus, for I believe
the market would absorb much more
at reasonably good prices.

Berrian Co., Mich. l. w. ruth.

STRAWBERRIES LARGE AS
APPLES.

Last year we printed pictures of the
Dixon strawberry. This new variety
probably grows the largest berries of
any now in cultivation. Emil Graef.
the originator, brought us a full quart
box which contained just seven berries.
The quality of the Dixon is good, and
the vines are said to be vigorous and
healthy. It gives one a curious sensa¬
tion to sit down and munch a straw¬
berry about as he would an apple. It
is a question whether such fruit will
have a standard value. As a novelty
most growers would like to grow a
few, but we doubt if such giants would
outsell medium-sized fruit in the long
run. Fig. 230 shows one of these
big berries.

SUCCESSFUL ALFALFA FIELD.

At Fig. 231 is shown an Alfalfa
field on the farm of D. C. Lewis, Mid¬
dlesex Co., N. J. It is very difficult to
snow Alfalfa in a picture so that one can realize
just what the crop looks like. This field is a great suc¬
cess. On page 293 of this year’s R. N.-Y. Mr. Lewis
told us how the field was started. He had tried several
times to get this crop under way, but was unable to
make it succeed until he brought soil from a successful
field and scattered it over the ground. Where this was
done the Alfalfa came in rank and strong, with an abun¬
dance of nodules on the roots. The seeding was done
August 12, after a crop of early potatoes. This is the
best seeding Mr. Lewis can do, as the potato ground
is thoroughly worked and in good condition. He sows
Alfalfa alone in late Summer because the seed starts
well then and weeds are best controlled.

THE DIXON STRAWBERRY. EXACT SIZE. Fig. 230.

ALFALFA FIELD AT CRANBURY, N. J. Fig. 231.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

55 1

THE USE OF A HAY LOADER.

1 am using a loader, also side delivery rake. I believe
there is an advantage in using both. On the small
farm one man can load his hay, provided he has a
hoy or girl old enough to drive the team. He could
not, of course, load as fast as tho_ugh there were two men
on the load, but he can still load nearly or quite as fast
as two men could get it on the wagon without the
loader. The use of a loader would necessitate using a
horse fork for unloading at barn, as it would be almost
impossible to unload a load put on with a loader, by
hand. On the large farm the hay can be put on wagon
as fast as horses can walk; two men on load and a
boy to drive. I usually have one team on loader while
one is unloading; in this way keeping loader at work
nearly all the time, and the same boy can drive for both.
If the hay was pitched on by hand it would be necessary
if fast work was to be done to have hay bunched, and
this takes at least one man. Where one has hay fork
in barn to unload the hay put on by hand would not
hang together nearly as well as if loaded by the loader,
unless care was taken to spread hay over load instead
of putting a forkful in a place, as is done when hay is
taken off by hand. The side delivery rake is a great
convenience to use in conjunction with loader, as you
can rake a continuous windrow around out¬
side of piece, taking driest hay first, leaving
the center until last. With the ordinary rake
it is necessary to rake the whole piece be¬
fore a windrow is secured long enough on
which to use loader. Many prefer the wind¬
row made with the side rake for pitching by
hand or cocking. With the whole outfit,
loader, side rake and horse fork in barn, one
can handle hay with less expenditure of mus¬
cle, making horse power do more of the
heavy work. To these should be added the
tedder, as an important tool if time and an
improved quality of hay is an object.

Oneida Co., N. V'. e. l. carpenter.

THE BEST STRAWBERRIES.

I have been asked repeatedly which are the
best varieties of strawberries to plant. This
1 can answer by saying that the best are
those that have the characteristics we most
desire, and will best develop them on our
own soil. To find this out, the safest course
is to- plant varieties that are recommended
by other growers in the immediate vicinity,
whose methods of culture are the nearest like
those the beginner proposes to follow. Next
to such varieties arc the few standard sorts
which have been well tested, and have a
reputation of doing well everywhere. The
leading points to be looked after, however,
are vigor and reliability. If we are seeking
to grow the largest and finest fruits possible,
we should not waste our time on the ram¬
pant growing kinds; these will usually give
us heavy crops of medium-sized berries with
ordinary care and cultivation. In some sec¬
tions these are grown very extensively for
the general markets, but if fancy berries are
desired for a fancy market it will be neces¬
sary to sacrifice these characteristics in favor
of size. We should remember the largest
berries, however, arc not always the most
profitable to grow. Frequently by changing
conditions we change results, and as the
strawberry is local in behavior, it is important
to know the demands of local markets.

During my thirty years’ experience with the straw¬
berry I have tested a great many varieties, beginning
with the famous Wilson’s Albany, and since that time
I have found about three of the standards that combine
enough good points to be classed as reliable and profit¬
able varieties to grow for market. With a due amount
of caution I will venture to name the Glen Mary, Win.
Belt and Gandy; when these big ones make their ap¬
pearance in the markets the smaller kinds rapidly de¬
cline in price. 1 he Glen Mary is certainly a very pro¬
ductive variety; the plants are strong and robust grow¬
ers, with clean, healthy foliage, and they seldom over¬
crowd the rows when left to themselves. This we con¬
sider a very valuable characteristic. The color is glossy-
crimson, quite firm, and quality better than is often
found in large varieties ; a very safe variety to plant.
Wm. Belt is a most luxuriant growing plant, and re¬
markably productive ; it is a little later than the former
in ripening; it is very large; indeed, no other variety
gives us so many large berries. The quality is of the
very best ; not quite firm enough to be classed as a good
shipper, but safe for local markets. It is one of the
most valuable varieties I have ever grown. The Gandy
is a superb late variety, very firm and beautiful in
appearance; the plants are strong and healthy; quality
fair. It is more extensively grown in central New Jer¬

sey than all others combined. It is not, however, what
l would call a productive variety. It is not a success
on high ground, but on well-enriched, moist ground
the berries are the most regular and handsome, and
more attractive than any known kind.

While growing the above standard varieties for sev¬
eral years we have tested a great many of the new
kinds, and for one reason or another we discarded
most of them. Senator Dunlap is a very promising
variety; fruit is of good size, regular and finely finished;
it is firm and of good quality; continues productive for
a long time. The foliage is dark green, rampant and
vigorous; in fact, this is its only fault. It overcrowds
in the matted rows ; if the plants could be spaced or
thinned to a suitable distance its yield would lie sur¬
prising. It will probably be our best berry for general
use. Of all new varieties I have ever tried the President
is most interesting, See Fig. 2:29. At first appearance
one is not favorably impressed with it, but, like some
friends we meet, it has strong personality, and when
we are well acquainted with its habits and requirements
we admire it. The plants are strong growers, produc¬
ing' an abundance of dark green foliage, and standing
very erect in size. It averages with the largest berries
grown ; in fact, the largest berries I have grown this

year were from this variety. It is firm enough for mar¬
ket, and the quality is good. It will surely be a great
berry for a fancy market, and one of the very best for
hill cultivation. We shall not lose sight of the Presi¬
dent; it has many good qualities. t. m. white.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

BERMUDA ONIONS FOR TRANSPLANTING.

Mow much Bermuda onion seed should he sown to produce
sufficient sets to cover an acre? d. k. e.

What seems to be a simple matter is after all quite
a proposition for the amateur in growing and caring for
a crop of small onion sets. There are so many chances
of failure in not sowing the seed thickly enough ; in
not pulling at the proper stage; or in not thoroughly
curing the crop, that the beginner is apt to give up in
disgust. The sets, however, that one grows for himself
are as a rule so much more satisfactory than those
bought in the open market that the risk is*worth taking.
Seed should be sown in good ground, well prepared, in
drills 10 inches apart, 125 to 150 pounds of seed to the
acre. Some growers sow later in the season in a poor
or shady plot, sowing less seed per acre, counting on
these adverse conditions to stunt and dwarf the crop.
But my experience has been that it is better to put the
seed in early in good rich ground, and sowing very

thickly. Great care should be taken that the little bulbs
do not get too large before they are pulled, as they swell
slightly after pulling. These should be dried as soon
as possible, turned frequently and stored on lath racks,
in a cool, dry room, care being taken that they do not
freeze. In the Spring they should be run over a screen
to remove the top, or topped by hand, which latter is an
expensive process. The sets most desired by growers
here are those that have passed through a screen of
three-quarter-inch mesh. It is difficult to state how
much seed to use in producing sufficient sets to cover
an acre; five or six pounds might be enough if all con¬
ditions were favorable. In an adverse season 20 or 25
might be required. The Onion maggot seems to delight
especially in working among the young plants, some¬
times to the extent of losing nearly all the crop.

Connecticut. Joseph adams.

R. N.-Y. — A bulletin issued by the New Mexico Ex¬
periment Station at Mesilla Park gives the best state¬
ment regarding transplanted onions that we have evC
seen. It is printed in English and in Spanish.

SHORT STORIES.

COS I' OF AMMONIA. — In reading over my remarks
on page 503 about the economy of using nitrate of pot¬
ash for fertilizer, I notice that I made a mis¬
take as to the degree of economy secured.
The nitrate of potash cost me here $3.93 per
hundred pounds, which makes the ammonia
cost 11 cents per pound, or three cents less
than in nitrate of soda. This would make
the saving on 320 pounds of ammonia in one
ton of nitrate of potash $9.60. m. morse.

HEMLOCK WATER PIPES. — Some
time since I noticed an inquiry in regard to
using logs as pipes for carrying water. I
have no experience myself, but a resident of
this town put in a quarter of a mile a
good many years ago (40 years, I should
think), and it is in use now. He used hem¬
lock. If hemlock will last as long for water
pipes as it does in a low meadow I work
your inquirer will not live long enough to
see them wear out. E. A. c.

East Hartland, Conn.

ORCHARDS IN BRUSH.— I notice on
page 504, under heading “An Orchard Prob¬
lem,” you ask for experience of others. I
have about 30 acres of this kind of orchard
growing from eight years old down to one
year. I would say mow the brush and briers,
let them lie where cut, and then turn in
the sheep, enough to keep everything down.
Piling too much brush around each tree will
make a cover for woodchucks and rabbits,
and in time will all grow up with brier and
brush, and all will have to be removed every
year to cut them out. Such new land will
soon come into good pasture, and lie can
mulch his trees with manure and straw,
swamp grass or something of the kind ; then
with the sheep he will get a crop each year
and save expense. a. herrick.

ALFALFA EXPERIENCE.— I read of
the Hope Farm man’s Alfalfa venture, and
presume you are not pleased with the out¬
come, but you have no right to complain.
The 80 per cent weeds, 10 per cent clover and
five per cent grass arc simply “nurse crops.”
If you had taken one year more, used plow
and harrow until weeds, clover and grass
were completely exterminated, and the soil
made rich, it is my opinion that you would
have 100 per cent Alfalfa. I have heard of nurse
crops for Alfalfa until I am impatient of the matter.
Barley and oats have not sufficient intelligence to brow¬
beat weeds and coax Alfalfa. What will crowd weeds
will crowd Alfalfa as well. In the season of
1903 I put a little Alfalfa seed into grass and clover
seed just to see what would come of it. The Alfalfa
grew and has lived through two Winters, but is not
large or strong. Early last Spring I discovered one
Alfalfa plant near my garden, and as a trial I cut and
dug the grass a little way about it, and I now have a
plant of nine stalks, almost three feet in height, all
aglow with bloom. This shows what it can do when
all conditions are good. There is a right place and a
wrong place to grow Alfalfa; a right way and a wrong
way. You may well ask if I know the right and wromr
why I do not take advantage of it. That is what I
would like to know. T was sorry for the loss of the
Hope Farm cow; T keep about 50 cows, and used some¬
times to have cases of so-called milk fever, but of late
have not had it, and the only change T have made In
management is not to emoty the cow’s udder for a
few days after calving T don’t suppose it matters
whether the udder is distended with air or milk. Why
either should be effective of course we do not know,
but the air treatment if applied in good time seems to
be effectual. g, w, h.

Rochester, Mass.

STRAWBERRY UNCLE SAM. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 232.
See Ruralisms, Page 554.

5 52

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 22,

FARMERS’ CLUB

| Every query must. l>e accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

STRAWBERRY GROWER’S STORY.

At the present time my principal money
crops are strawberries, celery and onions.
To start a strawberry bed, I select a plot
of ground, and fertilize heavily the year
before for onions. Early in the Spring
prepare the ground thoroughly; then
make the rows alternately two and three
feet apart, which leaves one wide space
for the pickers; setting tne plants about
three feet apart in the rows, and alternat¬
ing one row of staminate with about four
rows of pistillate. Cultivate continuously
all Summer, allowing enough runners to
take root to make single rows with plants
six to 10 inches apart. Then keep all
runners clipped off, the best tool for the
purpose being a light, sharp sickle. When
the ground freezes hard I mulch with
enough coarse stable manure to about
cover them. This manure has been gath¬
ered the previous Winter and Summer,
and stacked or kept under a shed to keep
it dry and burn the seeds out of it. As
- soon as the plants show signs of growth
in the Spring, open just a little over the
crowns to let the plants grow out, and
leave all the mulch on the ground. Tt
will preserve the moisture and keep the
berries clean. If any weeds appear be¬
tween this and fruiting time, have them
all pulled and seedy ones removed.

Immediately after fruiting weed thor¬
oughly by hand and with the point of a
sickle pick up all runners and leaves, cut¬
ting off everything but the new leaves in
the crown of the plant, and let everything
but seedy weeds lie on the ground. Of
late years I have not cultivated any after
the first season. This work with the
sickle can be done cheaply, usually when
cultivated ground is too wet to work on.
During the Summer, if mulch is thin and
straw plentiful and cheap, I believe it
would pay to add more. I keep the run¬
ners cut before they take root, and the
rows clean until the ground freezes again,
and then repeat the mulch.

After the second year’s fruiting, if the
crowns of the plants have grown very
large, they may need some cutting out.
I have carried them three years, and this
year have left one row for the fourth
year. At present it looks as well as any
of them. The two-year-old plot did better
this year than either the one or the three-
year-old ones. When plants have passed
the limit for profit, I mow them over,
raking off the very coarsest stuff, plow
and prepare the ground for celery, to be
followed in the Spring by onions or any
crop that requires a heavy dressing of
fertilizer or manure. I do not like to
put much fertilizer on the ground when
setting strawberries; it should be already
in the ground. I advise the use of very
rich ground. As an illustration of its
value, my first plot of berries, three-
quarters of an acre, was set in 18f>7 or
186f on a piece of new ground, fertilized
for corn the year before with 40 loads of
manure, and produced a perfect crop in
spite of all the weeds. For 10 or 15
years afterward T hunted the berries out
of the weeds, but never in that time
equalled the first crop. Then I began to
try to improve methods, and with better
cultivation in late years have surpassed
my first crop many times.

Mercer Co., N. J. thos. r. hunt.

Vetch and Rye for Hay.

ir. L. D., Meadow View, Va. — I am to
sow some vetch this Fall, along with rye,
to hold it up. If I let the vetch grow till
the rye is ripe, will it be safe to cure it
for hay and feed to horses and cattle? The
beards are all I would fear.

Ans. — To produce hay of satisfactory
quality you should not allow the vetch and
rye to mature, but the crop should be

cut as early at least as the rye comes into
the milk stage. Even then the rye hay
will be somewhat woody and unpalatable
for the stock. If allowed to mature it
would become much more so. Vetch and
rye thus grown and properly cured makes
a most excellent hay. If run through a
fodder cutter just previous to using and
slightly moistened, and the grain that the
animals rre to receive sprinkled upon it,
it makes a most suitable and efficient food.
Vetch hay by hself is one of the most nu¬
tritious hays produced. J. I- stone.

Orcharding in New Mexico.

A. D. Dexter, V AT. — I have come into the
I’ecos Valley, where irrigation is practised,
from Oklahoma, and am establishing a fruit
farm. I intend to plant GO acres of apples,
55 of which are to be of Winter kinds and the
rest of early. I also propose to plant sev¬
eral acres of plums and cherries. I wish
to know what varieties to plant and when
to get trees, whether from eastern or west¬
ern nurseries; and those grown from piece-
root grafts or from budded stocks.

Ans. — No more beautiful nor better
flavored fruits of their kinds are grown
anywhere than those of the Pecos Valley.
Irrigation, good soil and plenty of sun¬
shine seem to conspire to produce good
fruit. Of Winter apples there is none for
that section that excels the Rome Beauty,
Jonathan, Grimes, York Imperial, Arkan¬
sas and Stayman. There are other good
varieties, but these are known by trial to
do well there. Of very early apples the
Yellow Transparent and Early Harvest
are profitable, and a little later the Will¬
iams, Randolph and Fanny. Among the
good kinds that ripen in the Fall are
Wealthy, Wine and Fall Pippin. There
are so many good nurserymen, and some
that are so tricky that definite advice as
to who to buy from would he improper
to state here. As a rule the nearest really
good nursery should be the one to get
trees from. A written guarantee that
they are true to name should be required.
There are plenty of theoretical arguments
on both sides of the controversy about
root-grafted or budded r pple trees. No
doubt there are plenty of poor ones of the
former kind, and I know there are many
good ones. I have grown many thou¬
sands in this way, and for economy of
time and labor in propagating 1 prefer
them to those grown by budding, and they
are just as good as the latter, unless small
and inferior roots are used in making the
grafts. I have also seen plenty of poor trees
that were grown by budding on poor seed¬
lings in the nursery. If a good tree, no
matter how nroduced, is set in a good
location and in suitable soil and then well
cared for, there will almost surely be suc¬
cess in growing it in the orchard. Those
who usually do the most complaining
about trees are those who do not set
them where they should be, or do not
properly care for them.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Cabbage Maggots and Fertilizer.

A. A. It., Merchant ville, N. J. — I am meet¬
ing new (to me) conditions in the fight we
are continually having in this truck coun¬
try with the various insect pests. I have
about three-quarters acre of early cabbage
set out, April 7, and fertilized in the row
with 700 pounds guano, 10 per cent am¬
monia, live per cent phosphoric acid and
four per cent potash t no manure used,
neither was there any used last year. About
midway of piece I left out the guano for
a piece of a row, probably 50 plants, and
while fully 50 per cent of the remainder of
the plants have been destroyed by maggots,
every one in that check row is standing,
and fails to show any signs of the pests. I
want to know whether the maggot “seed”
were furnished “free gratis” by the fer¬
tilizer company in the organic matter, or if,
as I suspect, the eggs were laid after the
plants were set? Does the “varmint” that
lays them select the fertilized plants because
of the decaying tankage, etc., underneath?
The plants in the unfertilized piece of row
are not half the size of the others, but look
healthy, and as though they had never
heard of maggots.

Ans. — I doubt whether the fertilizer
had anything to do with the appearance
of the Cabbage root-maggot in the cor¬
respondent’s field. Early cabbages are a!
ways more seriously infested by this pest
than later varieties. I think the expla¬

nation of the condition described is that
the fertilizer enabled the cabbages to make
growth enough to feed the maggots and
yet develop the plants. I doubt if the
fertilizer had any other effect. It would
seem that just about the right combination
of fertilizer was hit upon for the soil on
which the plants were set. I think there
is a good deal in the notion that one can
grow beyond injury by thoroughly culti¬
vating and feeding the plants.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

“Bone-Ail”; Winter Fodder.

IF. C. L., Glcasondale, Mass. — Will some
of your cow experts please tell me what is
the cause and cure for the trouble in cat¬
tle known as bone-ail? Bunches come on
the outside of hind legs above the knee- and
become somewhat hard. Have been told that
turpentine and sulphur rubbed in well is
good for it. 2. What fodder crops for Win¬
ter feed can be grown after peas and oats
on same land to advantage? Teas and oats
are backward on account of dry spell. Can
seeds be disked in on peas and oats stubble
without plowing? What fertilizing is rec¬
ommended ? Land is medium clay hill loam.

Ans. — I must confess I never heard of
“bone-ail,” and out of curiosity I asked
a veterinary surgeon what it was, and he
had never heard of it. The bunches you
refer to I suppose, are the ones coming
out on side of leg near the hock joint.
These are sometimes caused by lying on
floors that have a ditch behind, and the
floor not quite long enough for the cow to
lie down comfortably without part of the
hind quarter hanging over; also from ly¬
ing on steel gratings. See if cow has
the right length stall. Turpentine and
sulphur might help the trouble. Any good
liniment will help, and well rubbed in fre¬
quently may cause it practically to disap¬
pear, though the rubbing may be as bene¬
ficial as the liniment. Hot water well
rubbed in is a very good liniment. 2. We
should use barley or rye for a fodder crop
after your oats and peas. Buth grow
quickly, make a lot of fodder, and will
stand considerable frost. You can also
raise a big crop of field turnips, but the
labor of harvesting, storing and cutting
costs quite a little for a food that is not
extra good to start on. We have planted
corn as late as July 10, and had a fine lot
of fodder six to eight feet high. We
never broadcast corn, preferring always to
plant in drills. h. g. Manchester.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page S.

next June, if planted this Summer.

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

offers a choice line of these; also Celery,
Cabbage, Cauliflower and other season¬
able plants. W rite for copy, FREE.
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila.,Pa.

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps,
Spray Mixtures. Booklet free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS SUSSSU

plant 1906. $1.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

c

RIMSON CLOVE!

o

Nature’s Fertilizer and Ideal Hay
Crop. New circular describing its I m
merits and why every Fanner and
Trucker should plant it, mailed FREE. Write for
prices, also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, I’a.

C? ft B C— Crimson Clover Seed,
l ink VJ fn la Ea $5.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND. Milford, Del.

, shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
.. fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

What is BONORA?

“BONORA ” is the new wonderful discovery by the English chemist,
Mr. Edward Earnshaw.

“BONORA” creates new life to all vegetation, lawns, shrubbery, fruit
and shade trees.

“BONORA” is exceedingly valuable for garden use, and when applied
to vegetables, roses or any variety of plant life, causes them to mature
two to three weeks earlier, encourages a strong, quick growth, and
increases the quantity and quality. It is especial y useful for Peas,
Cauliflower, Lettuce, Beans, Beets, Spinach, Radishes, Asparagus, etc.,
where a quick growth is desired. Two or three applications after the
seed first comes up, applied at intervals of a week or so, wi 1 produce
marvelous results. A row of Tomatoes treated with “ BONORA*
last year, came into bearing three weeks earlier, and produced nearly
twice as much as a i ow where it was not applied.

“ BONORA ” has a magical effect upon grasses. For grass plots there is
nothing to equal it, on account of its cleanliness, ease with which it is
applied, and the quick results from its use,

BONORA” is used in all the parks of Greater New York.

BONORA” is endorsed by President Frarcis of the St. LouisWorld’s Fair.
BONORA” is used on the principal public groundsof Washington, D. C.
BONORA” is used on the estates of Cornelius N. Bliss, Jacob 11. Scliiff.
M. C. D. Borden, W. F. llavemeyer, Daniel O’Day, S. R. Guggenheim,
Samuel Sachs, H. W. Poor, S. M. Colgate and many others.

Cutworms, Bugs, Wireworms, etc., cannot live where “BONORA” is used.

“BONORA” is made in liquid form, put up in 1, 3, 5 and 10 gallon kegs, at 8*3
per gallon ; half barrels, containing 35 gallons, at 81.75 per gallon, and baneis,
containing 50 gallons, at 81.50 per gallon. For using “ BONORA ” is diluted
with lOO parts of water and sprinkled on the plants so that it may reach the
roots. Send in your orders. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

BONORA CHEMICAL COMPANY, 586 Broadway, New York.

Factory and Laboratory, Kearney/N. J.

DWYER S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
Dmriure a Pull f* r* in IQOR Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to
riuuutca run viujj mi law our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty
for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT ANI) ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES, PLANTS, VINES, ETC., for Fail planting— all grown on our home grounds and
guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all its branches
Our catalogue mailed free. Write now. T. J.DWYER& COMPANY, P. O. BOX 1, CORNWALL, N.Y

Grown STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our naual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out In August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed

on request. 65th Year.

ELLWANCER A BARRY, Mount Hope N urseries, Rochester, N. Y.

TP’rt 1" ■■ (t C BCD mn CDCIfiUT DAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
^ >!>0 run ILMJ7 rnulun I lAlu Poplars, healthy, truejto name and fumieated.
K ^ J" JV All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat ail other reliable
| IhLi Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

553

PAPER BOTTLES FOR MILK .

Is There Any Place for Them ?

We have heard of paper milk bottles
several times, but have never seen one.
We do not think they have come into
general use yet, because if they had we
would certainly hear of them, being in
close touch with milk dealers’ everywhere.
The chief argument in favor of such a
bottle, if it should be developed so as to
be practicable, would be the cleanliness.
The user would have a new package every
time he received his milk. This, of course,
with the idea that the bottle would be
discarded for milk purposes, at least after
being used once. We cannot give you the
exact percentage of loss in glass bottles,
but we know it is very large, and some
concerns ship back broken bottles to the
factory by the carload. It is one of the
heavy items of expense in connection with
delivery of milk in bottles.

D. H. BURRELL & CO.

There are no paper milk bottles being
made now and used for the retail trade
that we know of. You have undoubtedly
seen the same articles in the different pa¬
pers that we have seen in regard to the
matter of paper milk bottles. We have
heard of paper milk bottles, and have in¬
vestigated it two or three times, but have
not found them to be practical or feasible.
The present agitation comes from Phila¬
delphia. We have made some inquiries,
but all that we have been able to learn is
that they are endeavoring to form a com¬
pany for the manufacture of paper bottles.
Our representative has been unable as yet
to secure a bottle for us. They claim
that they can be made and sold for about
$10 a thousand, and as they would only
be used once, the cost would be about a
cent a quart for delivery. From our ob¬
servation, we cannot agree with either
proposition, as we feel very positive that
they cannot make a paper milk bottle, or a
paper milk box, as it has been explained
to us they are to be in collapsible form,
and paraffin it and sell at $10 per 1,000.
They also propose keeping them enclosed
in antiseptic bags, which would add mate¬
rially to the expense. We cannot believe
that a paper box would be more cleanly
than a sterilized glass bottle. Neither do
we believe it is possible to make a collap¬
sible milk bottle or box that can be sealed
tight enough so that the milk will not slop
out in delivery.

THATCHER MANUFACTURING CO.

The paper milk bottles were spoken of
some years ago, and samples shown, but
for a time thereafter nothing definite was
done, although a paraffined box was got
up, which is used somewhat on the
East Side of New York, to give customers
who call in the stores five cents’ worth of
cream or a few cents’ worth of milk, and
they answer the purpose of a conveyance
from the store to the house. At present
the paper milk bottles are being pushed
more extensively, and may get some foot¬
hold on the market ; they certainly have
favorable features, being non-breakable,
only to be used once, there is no cleaning
and they should be comparatively inex¬
pensive. It is very doubtful whether the
paper bottles will ever be used for high-
class milk trade, as the question of a sani¬
tary conveyance and a sterilized package
are important, but for the cheaper trade
it may be of use. Most every consumer
wishes to see the cream line in the milk,
and this is only possible with the glass
bottles. As to expense, a paper bottle
should be got up for about half a cent
apiece, and at this rate it would be very
much cheaper than glass bottles, as it
costs about one cent a quart more to put
milk in glass bottles; the breakage upon
glass is at the rate of about a half cent per
quart, and the washing and handling
about another half cent per quart.
Paper bottles would have a great advan¬
tage as to weight, being much lighter, but
whether they could be equally well iced
would be a question. As much of the
milk is now bottled in the city this would
make it easier to adopt the paper bottles,

as this eliminates the rough handling on
the railroads, as well as eliminating the
number of handlings by the dealer. I
believe there is a place for the paper
bottles if they can be made sanitary, so
that the acids formed in the milk will not
affect the material employed in making the
paper bottles waterproof.

Culture of Peanuts.

F. 8. M., Newton Centre, Mass. — Can you
tell me anything about the culture of pea¬
nuts? I planted a small plot with them
about the middle of May, and a good propor¬
tion came up, though nearly three weeks
elapsed between time of planting and first
signs of life above the surface. I planted
them with their “dresses” on. Should I have
taken them out of the shell first? What kind

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES. PSs

Prompt shipments. K. CULLIES, Medina. N. Y.

CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS, te

SLAYMAKEK ic SON. Dover. Delaware.

NELSON EHRHART.

Corn Hybridization.

M. P. W., Clinton, Iowa. — I am making an
effort at cross-b* ceding field corn this Sum¬
mer. I have a very early, vigorous yellow
dent, that I have grown for 10 years in
Washington State, where the nights are cool
and rainfall but moderate. This corn, tried
here in eastern Iowa, shows the same habits
of quick growth and early maturity. It is
a little small in ear, yet shells out well. I
have another variety, a large, long-season yel¬
low dent, grown in southern Illinois. I am
going to cross-breed these. Which will be
better, the small kind as pollenizer on the
large sort, or the large wort on the small
kind? I wish to retain the earliness as far
as possible, yet increase size of ear and stalk
but moderately. I do not expect to complete
this in one season, but would like to hear
what others say as to which will he the best
cross. The large is a very large sort, large
stalk and ear, but certainly requires 120 days
in southern Illinois. I am sure it would be
too late even for this section of Iowa, while
the smaller ripens here in 90 to 100 days,
under conditions of two past seasons.

Ans. — It makes very little difference
which of the two varieties of com you

of soil do they thrive in down South, and
what fertilizer is best for them? They seem
to grow rather slowly. Ought I to expect
them to mature a crop here? My soil is or¬
dinary good garden loam, a little gravelly.

Ans. — Peanuts germinate more readily
and time is gained if shelled before plant¬
ing, although the usual custom in the
South is to plant them in the shells. For
the best results the peanut is always plant¬
ed in warm, sandy loam, but thrives fair¬
ly well in ordinary garden soil, and even
rich clay land if well fertilized. Well-
rotted stable manure, worked in the soil
before planting is a very satisfactory fer¬
tilizer. If this cannot be had, it is a good
plan to apply a good chemical potato fer¬
tilizer at the rate of about 1,000 pounds
to the acre before planting. Massachu¬
setts is quite far north for ordinary varie¬
ties to mature, but the little Spanish pea¬
nut ought to ripen in your locality if given
an early start and good, clean cultivation.
The Spanish peanut is very early, reliable
and prolific, but is much smaller than
many varieties planted in the South.

average or tour square __

the whole field. $1.00, 1,000; $4.50, 5,000; 70c 500
CELERY— Giant Pascal, Golden Self Blanching (im¬
ported seed). Winter Queen, White Plume CAB¬
BAGE— Danish B allhead, Surehead, Flat Dutch
Canlifiower. F. W. Rochelle, Drawer 3. Chester N j'

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS VERY STRONG CELERY!

White Plume, Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, Golden
Heart, $1.00 per 1,000; transplanted. $2.00 per 1,000.
All other vegetable plants, List mailed free.

LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

I I Al I for fat early Lambs. Rams for sale,
I I™ I Jesse Alley, La Orangeville. N.Y.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn tne
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey, Prin.

IMPERIAL ^PULVERIZER, CLOD

CRUSHER A
ROLLER.

Leads Them
All.

CIRCULARS. The Peterson Mfg, Co,, "Si.

Wo also manufacture old reliable

RICE HEATERS.

use either as a seed or pollen parent.
Hybridizers in all parts of the world have
made thousands of experiments, and have
come to the conclusion that when two dis¬
tinct species or varieties of plants are
crossed together the result is about the
same, no matter which supplies the pollen
or forTns the seed. For cross breeding
corn it is necessary to protect the silk or
female blooms on the ears from pollen
of its own or other varieties by covering
with a paper cap just before the silk
comes out of the husk. When the silk
under the cap has grown about two inches
long remove the cap and dust on the silk
pollen from the desired varieties. Re¬
place the cap and do not take it off again
until the silk is withered. The resulting
kernels when planted will produce varie-
ities more or less intermediate between
the parents; a selection of the best ones
may then be made and the varieties fixed
by growing them in a secluded place dis¬
tant from other corn blooming at the same
time, for at least three years, rogueing or
destroying all inferior plants. The pollen
is usually secured by cutting the tassels
of the desired variety early in the morn-
in^ and laying them on sheets of paper in
a dry, warm room until the pollen is shed,
which will occur about the middle of the
dav. The corn plant produces a great
quantity of pollen, and cross-breeding
work with it is very simple and easy.

A Disc Harrow with the “Plow Hitch”

This is the only Disc Harrow without a pole, on the market. We use
a Forward Truck, which allows the horses the same freedom of move¬
ment that they have in plowing. There is no more reason for a tongue
on a Disc Harrow than for one on a plow. There are any number of
mighty good reasons why the

Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow

Is the best, most economical and practical. It does away with
all the faults of the old style Disc Harrow. No whipping of the
tongue, so galling to a sensitive team. No neck weight. No
side draft. No crowding and stumbling at the turn. The
Detroit XongqeleSM is easy to guide, easy to draw.

Depth of cut is always even. We build this Disc Harrow
in 12 sizes. It has a Steel Frame of great strength; ball
bearings; double levers and steel scrapers that are
rigidly held in any
desired position.

Has a comfortable
Spring Seat.

Use the Detroit
Toogueleis Disc
Harrow and easily
get 25 per cent more
work out of your
team. Guaranteed to
give perfect satisfac¬
tion or money re¬
funded. Sold on
time or for cash. Write

American Harrow Co.,

165 Hastings Street, DETROIT, MICH.

Sold

on Tim©
for Cash.

Catalogue
SENT FREE
A Postal will get it.

Peach and Apple Carriers

If you have Peaches, Apples, Tomatoes, or

other Truck, send for our Catalogue and Price List.

SOUTH SIDE MFG . CO., Petersburg, Va.

Hallock’s Elevator 99 Potato Digger

New and with several important improvements. Speaks for itself. Don’t fail to
find out all about Hallock’s O. K. Elevator Potato Digger before you buy any other.

If you’re really interested in a first-class digger, write for complete description,
giving your name, post office, county and state.

554

July 22.

NOTES FROM THE RURAlGROUNDS

The Strawberry Season. — Strawberry
plants had favorable weather last hall,
and thoroughly matured their crowns be¬
fore frost. There was little unseasonable
fruiting as in former years, thus the
vitality of the plants was stored instead
of being frittered away in useless Au¬
tumn blooms and berries. The Winter,
though severe, was not unfavorable to
herbaceous plants, as they were protected
by snow during the hardest freezes, but
the growing season, so far this year, has
been too cold and dry for best results.
The plants started well as expected, and
though late frosts cut some of the first
blooms, there was a long flowering period
and abundance of pollen on staminate va¬
rieties. As a rule, berries set very well,
and grew fairly until continued dry
weather brought development to a stand¬
still, in early June. A timely shower, fol¬
lowed by dull weather and a few light
drizzles, as the fruit began to color, re¬
lieved the situation. There was sufficient
moisture to carry through the crop in the
more favored localities in central New
Jersey. Quality was generally good, and
some particularly well tilled fields gave
record yields. Strawberries have not
been over-planted for several years near
Rural Grounds, and local prices received
are quite satisfactory. First-class berries
realized an average of 10 cents a quart
throughout the season, with inferior grades
three to five cents less. There is only a
limited demand for ordinary grades.
Fewer new kinds were tested in this vicin¬
ity than in past years. Growers are tired
of the interminable string of new straw¬
berry names offered every year. They
are willing to try really distinct and prom¬
ising new kinds, recommended by respon¬
sible or distinterested parties, but no
longer buy every variety offered as a
novelty. The list of profitable commercial
strawberries in any locality is short, and
useful additions are only made at long
intervals. The following have been grown
for several seasons on the Rural Grounds,
and possess qualities that will ensure con¬
tinued planting until better kinds materi¬
alize.

William Belt, staminate, introduced
by Matthew Crawford, Cuyahoga Falls,
Ohio, has been fruited here for the past
10 years, and is more appreciated than
ever. A susceptibility to rust is claimed
to lessen its value in some localities, but
it has never shown weakness of any kind
here. The foliage is healthy and resist¬
ant, and the plant uniformly productive
under fair culture. For table use through
the entire bearing season it has not been
excelled by any variety that has come
to our notice. When fairly ripened it
is sweet and rich, and less likely to cause
digestive disturbances than most other
kinds. It is a reliable cropper; the ber¬
ries run large and well-formed after the
first coxcombed fruit of the cluster has
been picked. It has sufficient pollen to
crop well if grown alone, and acts as
a good pollenizer for pistillates, if planted
every fifth row. The only just criticism
we can make after this long acquaintance
is that thoroughly ripened berries are too
soft for long shipment, though firm
enough for nearby markets. Belt succeeds
in both light and heavy soil, but should
have good root and air drainage, and
always have full exposure to the sun.

President. — Pistillate; from Thomas R.
Hunt, Lambertville, N. J. We have now
tested this noteworthy variety four years.
It produced remarkably fine berries in
very light soil, as originally planted here,
but did not bear satisfactory crops. For
the last two seasons it has been very pro¬
ductive of really fancy berries of the
largest size and most regular forms, as
grown in clay loam of moderate fertility.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

We get our finest clusters on two-year
plants, and feel inclined to think it ' a mis¬
take to make plantings of President every
year, if grown for fruit alone. President
has been repeatedly described in 1 he R.
N.-Y., and it is only necessary to repeat
that it is a very promising commercial
variety. The color is at the start an at¬
tractive bright scarlet, and deepens into
a rich dark shade if allowed fully to ma¬
ture. The quality at this stage is very sat¬
isfactory, though not remarkably high. As
packed for market well-grown Presidents
are among the most attractive berries we
know.

Van Fleet. — Staminate; from J. H.
Black, Son & Co., Hightstown, N. J. ; third
year of fruiting. A fine early variety for
home use. Large in size, high in quality,
but probably too deeply colored for mar¬
ket. The plant is extremely vigorous, fo¬
liage noticeably dark and lustrous. 1 he
berries are large, broadly conical, seldom
coxcombed, deep blackish crimson in
color, with dark red flesh and prominent
yellow seeds, flavor sweet, rich and arom¬
atic. Productive under good culture, and
a fair plant maker. Begins to ripen with
Success and Michel, continues producing
smaller berries until end of season. Firm
enough for home markets and short ship¬
ments. The Marshall does not thrive
here, and we find this new kind takes its
place very well. We have not heard of
other trials than our own except in the
originator’s grounds.

Mrs. Fisher. — Pistillate; J. H. Black,
Son & Co., Hightstown, N. J. This has
proved most productive and reliable of
the Messrs. Black’s introductions, after
seven years’ trial. Like many other good
kinds, the berries are scarcely firm enough
for long shipment, but are very attractive
for near markets. The foliage is good
and plant strong and healthy. The berries
run large and well formed. 1 hey are
carried on strong peduncles. Color, bright
scarlet, light flesh. Quality very good.

Gandy. — We shall not again plant this
very successful late variety. It has been
the best money-maker of any strawberry
of New Jersey origin, for the growers
able to produce good crops. Its late
season, bright color and firm consistency,
enabling it to “stand up” for several days
in the dealers’ hands, make .it the most
salable of berries, but unless exactly
suited in rich, moist soil, it is seldom a
good producer. The quality is generally
liked by town consumers, who are more
certain to get it in good condition, but
is too sharply acid to bear comparison
with better kinds for home consumption.
Many seedlings appear to have been grown
from Gandy in the hope of getting a late
kind of more agreeable quality, but the
only introduction of promise from this
source seems to be Hunn, raised by an
experiment station worker. Hunn is
claimed to be later and more prolific. No
boasts are made of its quality. With a
fair plot of Belts and Presidents we can
get along without Gandy, even for late
use. Of many newer kinds tested we
mention the following:

ish in form, small to medium in size,
abundantly borne on long peduncles. Flesh,
light red all through, firm and handles
well. Quality so low as to be unsalable
in this locality, rather sour, insipid and
lacking in aroma. An easy grower and
great “quart-maker.” but undesirable on
account of small size and indifferent qual¬
ity where better kinds can be grown.
Likely to be useful as a pollenizer, as
President and other pistillates nearby
were unusually well-filled and productive.

w. v. F.

Sowing Crimson Clover.

N. If. M. K., Oerrardstown, W. Va. — In
sowing Crimson clover seed at the last plow¬
ing of the corn, is it better to sow it just
before or just after the plow?

Ans. — We sow Crimson clover seed be¬
fore the last cultivating. This covers it
an inch or more, as we tie a plank or
block behind the cultivator to smooth
down the soil. We do not plow corn.
We should think plowing would cover the
clover seed too deep. If we plowed we
would seed after plowing and then use
cultivator or light drag to cover the seed.

Fertilizer for Roses.

n. B., Rochester, X. Y. — Can you advise us
whether tankage would he a good fertilizer
for roses? We are planting roses into a held
from small pots. The land has been most
thoroughly prepared. A very -liberal amount
of well-rotted cattle manure has been plowed
under. The roses we are planting are strong
feeders, and we are endeavoring to find some¬
thing which we can top-dress with from time
to time through the Summer, cultivating and
hoeing it in. Some one has suggested tank¬
age. We have no analysis of it, but if, as
we understand, it is composed entirely of
flesh and blood, dried and ground up, we
should suppose it would be something roses
would take up quickly and on which they
would thrive. Have you ever known of an
instance of over-feeding roses? We wish to
give these plants all the nourishment they
will stand, but are a little afraid of over¬
feeding, although we never yet noted any in¬
jurious effects from a heavy fertilizing. Some
have recommended raw bone meal. What is
your opinion about it: for roses, and is there
anything better for the above purpose than
either of these?

Ans. — We have found tankage a very
good fertilizer for roses if hoed or well
mixed in the soil near the roots. It is
somewhat slow in action, as the nitrogen
is in organic form, and must be changed
by heat and moisture before it is available
for the roses. We think you could apply
this fertilizer liberally as a top-dressing
and cultivate it in several times during
the growing season. Raw bone meal is
. also a good fertilizer, as it supplies phos¬
phoric acid, which is not contained in the
same amount in tankage. Wood ashes are
also very desirable to supply potash and
lime, jiist what rapidly growing rose
plants seem to require. Five or six hun¬
dred pounds of bone meal and 20 bushels
of wood ashes in two applications would
be sufficient amount for an acre of roses.
Rose plants are very strong feeders, and
it is hardly possible to give them too
much animal manure, but chemical ferti¬
lizers, such as nitrate of soda or bone
superphosphates, contain traces of sul¬
phuric acid, and are very injurious to
them. Always use bone in form of raw
meal or flour. The very best rose ferti¬
lizer in our experience is night soil well
composted wi burned earth, preferably
clay, but you should have good results
with the above treatment.

Uncle Sam. — Staminate; from J. T.
Lovett, Little Silver, N. J. See Fig. 232.
page 551. Planted April 30, 1904.

Strong, healthy plant, bearing large clus¬
ters of attractive, bright red berries, al¬
most too soft for shipment. Quality ex¬
cellent. Well suited for home market.
The first fruits are large and generally
well shaped; later pickings much smaller.
Productive and a good plant maker. Very
early.

Wild Wonder. — Staminate, midseason ;
from John Shank, Mt. Sterling, 111.,
received May 4, 1904. Plant small,

but vigorous, throwing out an incredible
number of long runners. We can well
believe Mr. Shank’s claim that Wild Won¬
der plants can hold their own against
prairie grasses, so rapid is the increase.
Flowers large, producing a great amount
of pollen through a long blooming sea¬
son. Foliage bright green, smooth and
glossy. Berries deep red, regular, round-

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination

CALDWELL

Tanks don’t luak. They
are made right. We build
tanks of Kverlusting Cy¬
press ; also White Pine.
We have hundreds we
can reler to in your
vicinity* Send for illus¬
trated catalogue and
price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

THE “NEW WAY” PRESS

Is a horizontal press. It bales 1H to 2}^ tons per
hour. Size of bale is 46x23x19 inches. Feed hole
46x50 inches — easy to feed , no tramping, fork only
used. Revolutionizes the loose baling system.
Makes the very ..esirable eastern market baJe. Keats all
Box and I pright Presses by doing 100 per cent more work.
Stands at work just as you see it in the cut. Very portable.
Adapted to bank barn work. Write for Ulustrated Catalog.

SANDWICH MFC. CO., 157 MAIN ST.. SANDWICH, ILL.

Roaring and
Whistling.

This diseAse can be cured by blistering1 with *
Stevens’ Ointment, quickly, easily an«l without
any danger of blemish and you don't have to lay
up the horse/

Stevens’ Ointment

is the most famous blister on earth and Jthe only
sul>stitute for firing, and is a positive cure for
Splints, Spavins, King Bone, Oscelletes, Curbs,
Bad Tendon* and all diseases of the legs. None
genuine without our written signature. Price,
Ji.oo per box, postpaid.

A. II. Bellman, Henan, Eng., writes: “I used
Stevens' Ointment as directed and effected a per¬
fect cure on a horse that was a roarer. I think
the cure is very remarkable. I applied it every
two’weeks for 3 months and now he is perfectly
sound."

Dr. Stevens* Book FREE,— We have been auth¬
orized by Dr. Stevens, the eminent authority on
diseases of horses' legs, to send free to all his val¬
uable treatise, "Lameness in the Horse, Its Cause
and Remedy." Writeforitat ones. It’s valuable.

TUTTLE & CLARK, Detroit, Michigan.

Sole Agents for United States.

Work
Horses

need not be 1 aid off for
treatment if you use

Bickmore’s Cure.

Cures while you work him of all Harness, Sad¬
dle or Collar Galls, Scratches, Cuts, Cracks,
etc. Sold everywhere by dealers. Guaranteed.
Money refundedif it fails. Sample mailed for lOcents.

BICKMORE GALL CURE COMPANY, Box 519 , Old Town Ms.

Above trade mark on every box.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 46 1 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

KBWTON’B Hearo, Couuh, 1)1.-
tamper and Indigestion Loro.

A veterinary specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

FERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGRICULTURAL LIME.

Fresh Burned and Coarsely Ground.

Finely Ground for Bordeaux, White-washing, etc.
For particulars, address,

THESENECA WHITE LIME CO„Fostoria,0

BORDEAUX MIXTURE

used now will increase your yield of Potatoes 50 p.c.
STEDE.M’S CONCENTRATED BORDEAUX
saves you trouble and expense. Add water, and it is
ready for spraying.

1 gallon mixed with 4tl gallons of water, costs only 75c.
One barrel, making 2,500 gallons, costs only $85.00
(See article on use of Bordeaux Mixture in RuhaIj
New-Yorkek, page 470, .June 17.) Order from Seeds¬
men or direct from STEDEM & SONS,

1800 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, 1 a.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri . and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Feriilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 5'i-lb. kegs. L!.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
270 lb., 394c per b; barrel. 425 Ib-.rSQc. Send for booklet.

JAMES GOOD. Original Maker,

9 3 9 a t I N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Nitro-Culture

BACTERIA FOR INOCULATION.

SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET No. 5

National Nitro-Cultur* Co., West Chester, Pa,

i

Monarch

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CIDER, WINE,

etc. Greatest ca¬
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device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
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Gasoline engines , stationary \ portable and traction •

A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

, Uot.iit Hil. 39 Cortlamlt St., N, V. 'Gt v.

IDER MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

555

Hope Farm Notes

Farm Notes. — We got that clover hay in
on July 4. That seemed to, me like a pa¬
triotic way to celebrate, but I.ars was the
only one of the Hope Farmers who agreed
with me fully enough to work all day. Lars
has been in this country less than 00 days,
and as far as he has read American history
the fourth of July is the same as the fifth
or any other day. I have great respect for
the old fellows who signed the great Declara¬
tion, but I can't declare independence of my
mortgage while good hay is spoiling. So a
surface view of independence and another
that has been well rubbed in made a com¬
bination. and we got that hay under eovei.
The rain did it no good, but it is in fait
shape. The rest of our folks celebrated the
day with a picnic under the big grapevine.

. . . We have been caught by drenching

showers three times in one week of haying.
In every case it came just as we were ready
to haul the hay in, soaking it so that we did
not dare to touch it. This thing is getting
monotonous, but we see no way to help it.
It makes more grass to put around the trees.
Every one of our hayfields now is a young
orchard We ought to leave more of the
grass than we do around the little trees but
when we think of the hungry mouths in the
barn we are tempted to take it all. I try to
go over every field after cutting and fork a
good share of the grass to the trees. I will
probably throw more than the rest will, but
it takes courage to leave enough when you
think that hay is worth $20 per ton. This
seems to be the weakest point in mulch cul¬
ture — people will not realize that they must
leave enough grass to give the trees a fair
chance. I think a large proportion of the
failures with this system that are reported
are due to the fact that people try to save
all the grass for hay and still expect the
young trees to grow well. . . . The Al¬

falfa is nearly ready to cut again. It is a lit¬
tle thicker than when we cut it the first time,
but still so thin that it cannot be called a
success. I have found one strong and large
plant in a field that was seeded three years
ago, and since that time plowed twice. Now
if that single plant will grow that way why
can't I get about 75,000 on an acre? Thus
far that has been too much of a problem for
me to answer. . . . The rains are inter¬

fering with haying, so that I fear our crop
will be short after all. So we are putting in
fodder corn wherever we can find room for it.
People may talk about millet, sorghum and
other crops: after all with us there is noth¬
ing to beat good corn fodder, well grown and
nicely dried. In one place where the potatoes
did not come up well we have sown fodder
corn between the rows of potatoes. The tu¬
bers will be dug when ripe and the fodder
corn kept well cultivated with rye seeded in it
early in September. . . . We certainly

devoured strawberries while they lasted, and
now we are keeping the raspberries from
spoiling. Cuthbert. Kansas and Columbian
make a strong team. If 1 were limited to
one variety I would plant Columbian. The
quality is O. K., and the season of bearing is
long. Blackberries are coming on now, and
the Astraehan apples are ready. Apple sauce
time marks a great event with us. Our early
apples never were better. As the early crop
is reported short we ought to get something
for our fruit. Last year this orchard was
well worked over by the hogs, and fertilized
in addition. This year the cows have pas¬
tured there and the weeds and tall grass were
clipped off by the mower and left on the
ground. The trees were sprayed and the hens
have run under the trees. I call that a good
pedigree for a fruit crop, and it is pleasant
to see how the apples are taking on size and
color. As I write we have hay on the ground
in the rain, many acres yet to cut, part of
the onions full of weeds, likewise straw¬
berries; fodder corn to plant, potatoes to cul¬
tivate. berries to pick, apples nearly ready,
several acres of young peach trees to clean
up. not to mention other duties. Truly a
man needs 16 hands in dog days and plenty
of good nature. The last named is needed
when you go six miles from home and find
the ground so dry that lawns are turning
brown.

Who Killed Cock Robin? — When I was a
boy a local character was constantly saying,
“What’s one man’s owl is another man’s
nightingale.” lie was trying to make peo¬
ple see that there are two sides or more to
every proposition. This is a tough job. be¬
cause few people care to look at more than
half of one side at a time. The following
letter from Louisiana made me think of this
old saying:

“Can't something be done to stop that fel¬
low scaring the dear little robin from the
cherries and grapes? Shoot the little boy
full of salt and give the poor weary tramp 10
days in jail if they come in and touch a
cherry, blit the robin must have all he wants,
so that when the Winter comes and Mr. Yan¬
kee is freezing his fingers, toes and ears,
carrying an icicle on the point of his nose
and hoar frost on his eyebrows and hail
then the dear little robin comes to the South
where the roses are in bloom and the green
grass and leaves on the trees and warm sun¬
shine make life a pleasure. Then bang-bang
goes tlie gun and the dear little robin goes
in the creole gumbo that tastes so good,
warms the stomach and strengthens the body
and in the pot pie. or split down the back,
smashed flat and fried in hot salt butter
and nicely cleaned, dinned in whipped eggs
dusted with cracker floor and fried brown

and many other ways. They are cooked and
eaten by sensible folks. Of a truth those
Yankees are of use to raise plenty of robins
for us to eat.” creole.

A little more of that would make a fellow's
mouth water. That is a new idea to me.

Last week the children saw a man hauled to
court for shooting a robin ! Our creole

friend would hardly pay his fine ! Here is

the State of New Jersey protecting robins and
giving them a good start in order that south¬
ern people mav eat Fhem during the Winter.
The birds have bothered us more than ever
before this season. What a pleasure to think
that Hope Farm may provide some of these
toothsome dishes for our creole friend ! _ I
hope he will enjoy his meat. Tt certainlv
cost us enough. Some of these people who

stood with tears in their eyes to point out
the sin of shooting robins should move to
Louisiana and try to have a law passed in
that State 1

Moss Covered Customs. — -Our southern
readers are right after us of late. This is
from a Florida man : "The best ‘inoculation’
for garden crops — sweat drops from ’The man
with the hoe,’ page 428. There are a lot
of moss-covered customs, beliefs and century-
old opinions going to be kicked to death by
facts before the twentieth century is over or
sooner.”

I certainly hope this last statement is true,
though 'kicked to death” is a long, hard way
of dying. 1 asked this man just what he
meant, and he says that he thought we were
making fun of "inoculation" because we re¬
ferred to drops of sweat. Now this “inocula¬
tion" theory is all right, but the trouble is
that people* get an idea that the little “bac¬
teria" are to do all their work tor them. We
may learn how to start them in the garden,
the hayfleld and the manure pile, but even
when we do we cannot hope to hang up the
hoe, pitchfork or shovel for good. We have
got to work and sweat even though we “inocu-
late." The thing that must be “kicked to
death" is the idea that this “inoculation the¬
ory” cuts around the corner of hard work.
No greater nonsense has been printed than
this stuff which gives people an idea that
things are to be done for them in some mys¬
terious way, so that they may sit down and
play while* the work is being done. The fact
remains that no one ever has a good garden
or anything else unless he or some one else
waters it with sweat. If you show me a dol¬
lar I will claim that some one had to sweat
before the value hack of that dollar was
earned. The trouble is that too many young
fellows are looking for a breed of bacteria
that will earn a good living for them. They
will end up by seeing no good reason why
some classes of human beings should not con¬
tribute to their support.

Working Things Out. — I suppose that
most of us have run against people who for
some reason have a better grasp of affairs
than others. 1 once had a contract that I
was a little doubtful about. I went to one
lawyer. He glanced at it and said : “That's
all right : good as gold." Still I was not sat¬
isfied, and went to another. He studied ovei
it and finally said: “It isn't worth the paper
it is written on.” In a few minutes he
showed me just why this was so. It was
easy when you knew all about it. One man
had dug down to the bottom and knew every
pebble. The other dug until he got tired and
then guessed at the rest. The other day our
folks wanted a few quarts of red raspberries
to put in ice cream. Picking had been thor¬
oughly done: all there was left was a small,
neglected patch grown up to weeds and grass.
One of the hoys started for the berries, and
I saw him coming back with c-rmtv baskets.
"None there.” he said. I knew better, for I
had watched that patch through the season.
We went back and easily got more than we
needed. It is just that way all through life.
There are plenty of prize packages and neces
sary things tucked away in the weeds and
brier patches, but comparatively few can
swear to them or know where they are. The
great and useful people seem to be those who
know what secrets the uncultivated places
hold.

“Crackerjack” Wanted. — Here is another
sample of what people call for :

“I am without help, and would like very
much to have a man capable of handling
horses. By that I don’t mean one capable of
making a nervy team balky, but one who can
use judgment and can plow well. Now. what
have you to offer? I would give $'23 per
month and board, and if he is a crackerjack
and not afraid to hustle, I might give $25.

I have about 60 acres of fruit, mostly grapes,
some peaches, strawberries and raspberries,
and just now no one to drive a horse except
myself. Peaches need thinning, hay cutting,
and then a little oat harvest, and spraying
the 40 acres of grapes once more, and by that
time weeds will be higher than a horse’s back
in the vineyard for want of plowing. Hoping
you can help me out, although I am a doubt¬
ing Thomas.” f. m. n.

Highland, N. Y’.

This man may well call himself a doubting
Thomas if he expects to find a “crackerjack”
out of work. The man he has in mind prob¬
ably has no reason for making a change.
Surely no lazy man or dreamer should under¬
take such a job. This “crackerjack” busi¬
ness may be all very well, but I am not so
sure that “nervy" teams and road dusters are
after all best. I fear that many of us block
out too much and then have trouble in work¬
ing out our plans. I cannot say that our
new l.crse Dick has an overabundance of
nerve, while Beauty, the filly, has so much
nerve that she isn't safe. I consider it a
good thing that we are not all “crackerjacks."

I should think the old age of such a eharactei
would be melancholy.

Growing Bartlett Pears. — The following
question will interest many people :

“I have an orchard of Bartlett pears, set-
last Fall, on the southern slope of a rather
light, sandy loam knoll. When planting we
dug a fair-sized hole, and put a one-horse load
of sod and loam from an old hedgerow under
and around the roots of every sixth tree
This Spring we planted to early potatoes,
using about 1,400 pounds per acre of high
grade potato manure well scattered in the
rows. We also put about two pounds of bone
and potash around each tree, cultivating the
trees when we cultivated the potatoes. We
are digging the potatoes now, while the vines
are still green, and retailing to local custo¬
mers at 50 cents per five-eighths bushel bas¬
ket. Would it be advisable to mulch the
trees with these green vines, and do you
think sowing to cow peas after the potatoes
are off. cutting for hay and plowing under
the stubble, would benefit the trees? Or
would it be better to plow the whole crop un¬
der? This ground is rather dry in ordinary
seasons, and was also rather poor, but was
sown to cow peas last Summer and a good
crop plowed under before setting the trees.
No trees have died, and they are making a
fair though not rapid growth. 1 do not want
to do anything that would increase the danger
of blight*, which is a great drawback to Bart-
letts in this section. w. B. n.

Franklinville, N. .T.

From my experience I should say it is a
wonder those trees started and grew with all
that rich stuff around the roots. If I had
them as they are I would throw the potato
vines around the base of the trees. After
the potatoes are off I would sow cow peas in
drills 2V> feet apart, cut the vines for hay
and carry them off. work the ground lightly
and sow rye. 1 think these pear trees have
had about all the food that is good for them,
and thus I would not plow under the entire
cow-pea crop. h. w. c.

Power For The
Thresher.

The right kind of power, the kind
that saves you dollars. Are you inter¬
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matter with Fairbanks Farm Power
Men? You know there are two kinds of
power used in threshing. The shiftless
thresher uses the old , wasteful power,
hard to start, dangerous, always giving
trouble. The wide-awake, up-to-date
thresher uses a money making, money
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You can find out how to be one of
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letting them make a special study of
your particular needs. And it doesn’t
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Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

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When writing, ask for Catalog Eli.

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We also make Hand Feed Presses 2 Vi Strokes to 1 Revolution; Saw Mills; Shingle Mills;
Planers; Edgers; Lath Mills; Corn Mills; Water Wheels, etc. Write for Catalogue.

DeLoach Mill Manufacturing Co., Box 1002 Atlanta, Ca.

THE POT A TO CROP,

large or small, is best
harvested with

the Improved

DOW

Potato Digger.

out. Standard digger with no peer, and It lasts. Ask for free Dowds

DOWDEN MFC. CO., Box 522 PRAIRIE CITY

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

556

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 22,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established. 1850.

IIehbkut W. Colling wood, Editor.

Du. Walt eh Van Fleet,! .

Mus. K. T. Kovlk, (Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (5d., or 8% marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rubai. New-Yobkek when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Uemiltances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TI1E RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JULY 22, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR GARDEN PLANS.

We offer prizes of $5, $3 and $2 for the best three
plans for a farmer’s garden. We want a drawing show¬
ing how the garden was planned, and a brief statement
of tile vegetables grown, the work required and some¬
thing about the product. We want only plans of
farmers’ gardens, showing how a good supply of vege¬
tables can be provided year after year without inter¬
fering with the regular farm work. We do not want
essays on amateur gardening or stories of special work,
but simply accounts of plain farmers’ gardens. The

drawings and essays must be here by August 1.

*

Practically every report that comes to us states
that the apple crop will be short. We have never
known a more uniform statement. It is all one way,
and seems reliable. It will be interesting to see what
the apple buyers sav.

♦

Suppose you were to put the following sign up in
a prominent place in your barnyard:

The boss considers himself fully able to do all the
rum-drmking, all the lighting, all the • swearing , and a
good share of the story-telling that will ever be neces¬
sary on this farm!

What would be the result of such a suggestion ?
'1 he absolute necessities of the farm in these depart¬
ments may be represented by 0. The boss would not
have a hard job.

*

Pr is now stated that the oleomargarine people will
try a new attack. They have been beaten in their
efforts to use coloring matter so as to make oleo look
like butter. Now they will try to prevent the use of
coloring matter in butter. 'Their argument will be
that since they are deprived of the right to use artificial
color the dairymen should be made to stand on the
same footing. The fact is that probably for centuries
coloring matter of some sort has been used in butter
making. It has therefore become an established usage
—a legitimate part of dairying. The natural color of
butter is that which comes from the most natural food
* — grass, and any addition of color has for the object
the retaining of this natural color. The natural color
of oleo is light and the object of coloring it is to make
it appear unnatural.

*

So far as we know the question of insect injury in
sod or cultivated orchards has never before been dis¬
cussed just as it is in this issue. This question is of
great interest to many readers. It is admitted that there
are some real advantages in sod culture. There is less
labor about it, and the time has come when a man may
use this argument without being called lazy. Are
, insects more likely to give trouble in sod? Can we
call the plow and the harrow insecticides? The ento¬
mologists who talk this week, appear to answer yes to
these questions. They are not entirely agreed, however,
though the majority reason that cultivation will help
keep the insects in check. Most of these men reason
from the habits of the various insects. It will be fair
to say that what they advance is largely laboratory
evidence— useful, but not conclusive. Before calling

the question settled we want to hear from practical
men, who own orchards, spray and have had chances
to observe practical conditions. It is one thing to know
the habits of insects — it is another and in a way more
important to know just what the insects do under
practical conditions. What do the fruit growers say?
From our own experience we are not prepared to accept
some of the conclusions reached by the entomologists.

*

It seems that each year a larger proportion of city
people go to the country rather than to the seashore.
It has become a habit with thousands of people to pay
out money for vacations. We are glad to see the farms
getting their share. In our own county population is
more than doubled in Summer, and boarders are met
at every turn. '1 hey give our farmers new markets,
induce them to raise more vegetables and fruits, and
to add conveniences to the house. The Summer board¬
er crop is like every other — with good and bad points.
We have said before that a man to succeed with this
crop must have the self-control of Job, the courage
of John L. Sullivan, something of the diplomacy of
Secretary Hay. He must be blind and deaf at times,
and at others supernaturally acute In sight and hearing.
'I he Summer boarder brings cash to the farm. Some¬
times he helps draw the boys and girls away.

*

"July is an awful month,” said a farmer recently.
What he meant was that this year more than the usual
amount of work has been crowded into July. The cold
Spring held things back. Then the rain delayed culti¬
vation, and when suitable weather came, it was time
for haying, harvesting, and half a dozen other jobs
which demanded attention. Thus July this year is
“awful” to farmers who take pride in their work and
desire to keep their farms clean. To face such a situa¬
tion a man must have full control of head and hand.
He must stop to plan things, and arrange so that the
various jobs will not conflict. Nothing is more de¬
moralizing on the farm at such times than indecision
or bad planning. Let us give the best comfort we
can to man and beast, and above all remember the
women folks in the house. The “awful” July is hard
on them. They should at least have equal rights with
the hired man.

*

A familiar old question comes from Indiana — this
time from a woman :

Can you tell ine where I can secure articles or booklets
on the raising and management of frogs for market?

The only pamphlet we know of is issued by the
United States Fish Commission at Washington, D. C.
“Frog farming” is boomed now - and then. It is not
quite as sensible as ginseng culture or Belgian hares —
a good thing to dream about and forget in waking
hours. The story told about it is plausible enough.
Frogs’ legs bring a high price and the demand is
greater than the supply. If that were the whole story
there would be millions in it. There is another story —
told by the frogs. The old frogs gobble up the young
ones as fast as_ they can get at them. Do not listen
to the song of those who try to make music out of
“frog farming.” The hoarsest croak of the biggest
bullfrog that ever lived in a swamp will not express
your feelings if you invest money in the “business.”

*

'I he following letter has come to us without solici¬
tation. It may shed some light on the origin of the
“seedless apple”:

I read in The R. N.-Y. of November 26, 1904, an article
on the “Spencer Seedless Apple,” under the signature of
H., and the editor said it is from one of the highest porno-
logical authorities in the country. In closing the article
he said : “If the source from which the stock of the
variety was obtained by Spencer could lie located the whole
matter could, no doubt, be promptly cleared up without loss
to the public.” In the early fifties I obtained a few scions
of apple from a man in Virginia, called bloomless, coreless
and seedless. I was then owning a nursery at Springville,
Vernon Co., Wis. In a few years I had several thousand
trees in nursery, and a few in orchard. One of Wisconsin's
hard Winters killed the orchard trees, and hurt the trees
in nursery so that I never sold any more trees there. Later,

I grew a few trees in Grant County, Wisconsin, also Sac
County, Iowa, just enough to hold this stock. In 1884,
coming to this place, 1 bought scions and grew them in
nursery ; sold a few trees to a customer, saying. “Wait and
see what the fruit is. The fruit is not salable, not as
good as Ben Davis." In 1890, I went to Grand Junction,
Colo., taking a few trees with me, letting J. P. Spencer
have part of them. 1 left Grand Junction in 1896, not
hearing one word of “John” developing the seedless. A. II.
Jewett, a nurseryman here, grew a few in orchard until
they fruited, then grubbed them up. There are two trees
near here that I have for this year, to exhibit the fruit
at the Lewis and Clark Fair this Fall. If “John” has an
apple that will do what t lie seedless orange has done, “All
hail the news.” Charles waters.

White Salmon, Wash.

Mr. Waters says that he is 85 years old. As a
nurseryman of that age he can probably remember a
good many “novelties” and the way in which they were
introduced. Now, if John F. Spencer wishes to tell
what became of the trees Mr. Waters gave him he can
have the chance to do so.

THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

The National Department of Agriculture has made
a great feature of its crop reports. The cotton crop in
particular has received great attention, and the reports
issued during the Summer have much to do with making
the price of cotton. These reports are secretly com¬
piled, and are supposed to be given out so that all may
know the situation at once. It is easy to see that in
case of a considerable change in the prospects for a
crop the knowledge of such a change 24 hours in ad¬
vance would be of great advantage to a cotton broker
or buyer. In June Richard Cheatham, secretary of the
Cotton Planters’ Asociation complained that there must
be a “leak” — that is, that some one who knew what the
figures were was giving them out in advance. Secretary
Wilson at first declared that such a thing was impossible,
but the evidence was so strong that he was finally
obliged to start an investigation. As a result the
“leak” was found, and one man, Edwin S. Holmes, has
been dismissed from the Department. The evidence
shows that Holmes, through a go-between, gave out the
figures before their publication, so that certain brokers
were able to buy or sell cotton and make an enormous
profit. It would also appear that reports and figures
were changed so as to give these brokers an extra ad¬
vantage.

Such a disgraceful thing would be bad enough in any
National Department, but it is worst of all in the De¬
partment of Agriculture. That department has been en¬
larged and built up solely because it claimed to “do
thin vs for farmers.” It has posed as the special cham¬
pion and teacher for the American farmer. Whenever
large appropriations were wanted its great deeds for
agriculture (including these wonderful crop reports)
were paraded with great advertising skill — and they
rarely failed to draw the dollars out of Congress. Yet
all the time, those crop reports were being manipulated
not to help the farmers, but actually against their in¬
terests.

There has never been a time when this great secrecy
about the crop reports was either necessary or useful.
What good is possibly gained for farmers by holding
the figures back until a certain date? The farmers
would stand in a better position if they were told the
facts as they are received. If the Department is in busi¬
ness to serve the stock and produce brokers it may well
look to them for support. If it is doing business, as it
claims, for farmers, it should change its plan at once;
give up the “secret” reports and stop playing into the
hands of those who intend to reap where others sow.
Secretary Wilson said that it was “impossible” for any
one to give out the figures ahead of publication. The
failure of his methods ought to demonstrate to him
the failure of the system of secret reports.

I he trouble with the Department of Agriculture can
be stated in a few words. It is after an appropriation.
The ability to get money from Congress for the purpose
of establishing new bureaus or making places for new
workers seems ,to be the chief aim of those in charge.
In some lines it has done very useful work, but all
through it runs something which does not seem to ring
ir tune. 1 here has been too much self-praise — too much
of an effort to “boom” its own work for the sake of the
popular effect upon Congress. For example, take the
furore that was made over “soil inoculation.” The most
extravagant things were printed about it, evidently for
the purpose of advertising the Department’s work at a
time when money was wanted from Congress. This
course of airy bluff is destroying the usefulness of the
Department s work. It has antagonized the experiment
stations by trying to take credit and work which prop¬
erly belongs to them. The Agricultural Department
needs a thorough shaking up, and a reorganization on
more sensible lines. Tf that is not done quickly, in the
face of this disgraceful “leak,” its true usefulness will
be destroyed, for few will have any real confidence in
its work.

BREVITIES .

Not how much, hut how well.

Don t try to chase the cows home by dog power !

Money makes the mare go— failure to pay as agreed
makes her balk.

All have judgment, hut some will not exercise it until
it creaks like a rusty hinge.

The average breakage in glass bottles in the bottled
milk trade is five per cent or more.

Din any man ever hand down to his son great wealth
and strong character bound together?

A note from Massachusetts. — “Business Hen all right.
Rose hush wintered without harm and without protection,
beyond light cover of leaves.”

There is some discussion about damage from the second
brood of the Codling moth. North of the latitude of New
York we doubt if it will pay to spray with Paris-green the
second time.

Visitors at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Oregon
tell us that they frequently meet R. N.-Y. subscribers.
When two strangers find that they both “take The Rural”
a bond of good feeling is at once established, though one
be from Maine and the other from Mexico.

1C05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

557

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — 'President Roosevelt has commuted the sen¬
tences of William L. Kendig and William M. Jacobs, who,
being convicted of counterfeiting were sentenced in 1000
to 12 years imprisonment and to pay a tine of $5,000 each.
The commutation is granted on the ground that the sentences
were excessive, and orders that they expire immediately.
Kendig and Jacobs were the principals in one of the most
noted counterfeiting cases with which the officials here have
had to deal. In addition to putting out a vast number of
fraudulent internal revenue stamps for cigars, they printed
a counterfeit $100 silver certificate, necessitating the recall
of an entire issue of $40,000,000. Kendig's part in it was to
print the spurious stamps and money. Ilis two engravers,
Arthur Taylor and B. F. Bredell, also were arrested and
sentenced to seven years each. James Burns, a helper
around the warehouse where the printing was done, was
sentenced to two and a half years. The plates were en¬
graved in Philadelphia and the internal revenue stamps
were printed in Lancaster, Pa., and used on the products
of Jacobs, who was a cigar manufacturer in that city. The
counterfeiting conspiracy was widespreading. Ellery P. Ing¬
ham, a former United States District-Attorney, and Harvey
K. Newltt. who was his Assistant District-Attorney were
found guilty of conspiracy and the attempted bribery of a
revenue officer in connection with the counterfeiting. Jacobs
paid Ingham a heavy bribe monthly. It was reported dur¬
ing Jacob's trial that he was about to put in operation a
scheme to counterfeit $10,000,000 in twenty, fifty and one
hundred dollar notes, and had the machinery to make paper
identical with the Government's money paper.

John It. Rockefeller has made a gift of $10,000,000 for the
cause of higher education. The money is vested in the Gen¬
eral Educational Board. . . . Killed and injured in the

tornado that swept through Montague and Jack counties,
Texas, and into the Indian Territory, July 5. show a total
of 117 dead and til! injured. In Nocona, Montague. Salt Creek
and Jacksboro about 20 buildings were damaged. Crop,
farm, railroad and town damages will reach $500,000. . . .
According to dispatches received July 5-6, from 150 of the
principal cities in the United States, 55 persons were killed
and 2,705 injured in celebrating July 4. A curious death
was reported from Davenport. Iowa, where Mrs. G. W.
Dunwell died from shock sustained on the Fourth, when a
eelebrator discharged a revolver near her. The woman was
prostrated by fright and died from heart failure. At Rock
Island. Ill.. Mrs. V. Mold died of heart disease upon hearing
her son had been burned in an explosion of fireworks. At
Philadelphia. Pa., Mrs. Jennie Clemons was shot through the
abdomen while seated on her own porch, and died the next
day. The doctors found that she had been shot by a dum¬
dum bullet tired from a Krag-Jorgensen rifle, and two other
persons in the same neighborhood were wounded by similar
projectiles. The murderer remains unknown. ... At
least 40 firemen were more or less injured at a fire which
wrecked Wing A Son’s piano factory, Hudson and Thir¬
teenth streets. New York, July 7. Only the walls of the
seven-story brick structure were left standing. Six firemen
were so badly burned about the face, hands and body that it
is believed they cannot live. Three were almost roasted to
death, although alive when taken to St. Vincent's Hospital.
They were caught by a bac? draught in the burning fac:
tory. Fifteen of the 40 who were carried unconscious from
the fire, almost suffocated, went back to work after receiving
medical treatment. A dozen were taken to hospitals. . . .
Fire in the lumber yard district of the South End of Boston.
Mass., July 7. heavily damagbd the yards and wharfage
property of several firms. The total loss is estimated at
$200,000. The heavy losses are C. W. Leatherbee Lumber
Company, $75,000: Union Coal Company, $70,000; Benjamin
F. Lamb & Co., $40,000. . . . The law passed by the

Kansas Legislature last Winter appropriating $410,000 to
build an independent oil refinery at Peru was declared un¬
constitutional July 7 by the State Supreme Court in an
opinion rendered by Associate Justice Greene. The oil re¬
finery law was considered one of the most direct blows struck
at the Standard Oil Company by the last Legislate r<i,
which adopted several measures tending to restrict
that concern in the handling of the Kansas product.

Fire in the village of Panama, Chautauqua County.
N. Y.. July 7, destroyed the postoffice, the hotel, and every
store and business place in the village, including the Bell
and Independent telephone exchanges. There was no fire
apparatus or organization in the village to fight the flames.
The loss is $100,000, with insurance of $26,000. . ,

During a thunderstorm on July $ lightning struck a great
elm tree in Prospect Park. Brooklyn, N. Y., under which a
number of persons had collected for shelter. Twelve persons
were shocked by the bolt, three of them being seriously
burned. The same day one man was killed and scores of
women and children injured at Warwick, Orange County,
X. Y., by t He wrecking of the tents of Sautelle and Walsh
Brothers’ circus by a cloudburst and tornado which swept
through t He lower part of the village. The afternoon per¬
formance of the circus was in progress, and so suddenly did
the storm arise that the large crowd in the tents did not
have time lo get out and were buried under the failing seats
and tents, . . . One hundred pounds of Contractor II. S.
Kerbaugh’s rock powder exploded July ft near Harrisburg.
Pa., directly across the Susquehanna River from the scene of
the big wreck of May 1 2, when a carload of the same contrac¬
tor’s explosive blew up a Pennsylvania Railroad express train
and killed 28 passengers. The explosion of July ft killed
eight and injured two. All the victims were employees of
Kerbaugh and were at work on a new Pennsylvania freight
line across the river from South Harrisburg. ... In
view of the recent decision of the Court of Errors granting
property owners along the Passaic River the right to sue the
city because of the reduction of the volume of water in the
river, Paterson. N. J„ has begun a suit for $10,000,001)
against the East Jersey Water Company for diverting the
waters of the stream. The water company built the new
water works for Newark and Jersey City, and besides fur¬
nishing many other towns with water it Is preparing to
carry water to Staten Island. Paterson charges all her pol¬
lution miseries to the East Jersey Water Company. . .

Three saloons at Iola. Kan., were demolished by two explo
sions of dynamite July 10. The dynamite was exploded in
the alley on the east side of the Eagle saloon. The buildings
were wrecked and t He plate glass and window panes of
buildings for blocks were broken. Many buildings In the
vicinity of the wrecked saloons were badly wrecked and
brick walls were cracked. The damage is estimated at $100.-
000. The work was done by an unbalanced temperance crank.

During the past three weeks temperature in the
Nevada desert has reached 140 degrees. Nine prospectors
are reported dead and three insane from thirst and heat in
Death Valley. The heat wave was widespread, and deaths
ensued from it in all large cities.

FARM AND GARDEN. — i ne annual convention of the So¬
ciety of American Florists will be held at Washington, D. C.,
August 15- 16. 17 and IS.

The eleventh annual meeting of the International Apple
Shippers Association will be held at Hotel Victory, Put-Tn-
Bay, Ohio, August 2-4. for the election of officers for the
ensuing year and the transaction of any business coming be¬
fore the meeting. _

CROP PROSPECTS.

There are as many Potato beetles as ever this year. Very
few spray. Crop Is only fairly good. L. S. s.

Tolono, Ill.

Fruit report from "Washington County, R. I., is as fol¬
lows : Apples, peaches, nectarines, plums, fine crop ; grapes
and pears poor. w. b. w.

We have the best wheat I have ever raised, and it stood
up through all the rains until July 1. when it went down.
Straw very long, some nearly six feet. Beaus hurt very
badly with wet weather: clover hay very heavy, but down
so it Is almost impossible to cut without raking the opposite
way before cutting. Apples very light crop. Bartlett pears
light crop in most orchards. We have had rain enough this
Spring for two years. clark alias.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

Potato beetles arc as plentiful as ever in this
vlelnitv, and poisons will have to be used. Practically no
farmers in this part use the Bordeaux Mixture. Last year

a friend of mine living near Green Bay sprayed his potato
patch with the Bordeaux, making three applications, and
reported no rot, while unsprayed fields nearby rotted more
or less, and yielded considerably less. This season I shall
use the Bordeaux Mixture, applied with a four-row spray¬
ing outfit. About the same acreage is planted as last year.

Laney, Wis. l. n. n.

TJie outlook for apples is not encouraging. There will be
a lighter crop than was anticipated soon after the hlooin
fell. Spraying has done positive injury in our own orchards,
owing to the heavy rains which continued all through the
month of June. The rains dissolved the lime in the Bor¬
deaux and caused burning of the fruit and leaves. At
spraying time indications pointed to a dry season, and an
excess of lime was not used. The leaves turned yellow and
much of the fruit withered and dropped. Fruit has dropped
in unsprayed orchards quite generally also. The crop in this
section will be the lightest since 1001. w. a. b.

Interlaken, N. Y.

I have spent most of the last three weeks in southern
Ulster and northern Orange counties. Although they had
a very heavy bloom the apples are quite thin. I
think there are very few trees that will need thinning
this year. Peaches set very heavily, but the June drop
has thinned them very much. I think there are enough
left to make a good crop. Pears are very scarce. Hay
crop will be light on account of dry weather. Corn anil
potatoes are looking fine, but need rain very much. Straw¬
berries have been a fair crop ; drought shortened them.
Currants are a very good crop. w. b. b.

Newburg, N. Y. _

FRUIT AT LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION

STRAWBERRIES. — (June 10 I left my home in the East
for a prolonged visit to the Pacific Coast, where I am to
judge the fruits at the Lewis and Clark Exposition at
Portland, Oregon. The work will take me until October
15. I have already begun the judging, because the early
fruits have been ripening for some time, and they have
to be judged as they are in proper season. The straw¬
berries of Oregon, Washington, California and Idaho are
very little known by eastern people, because of the great
distance between the two sections of our country, and I
think the eastern people do not realize how abundant and
how good they are. I do not think I have ever eaten
better strawberries than I find here at this Exposition, and
I am sure I have not tasted them at their best, because
the distances from which they are usually shipped to the
Exposition are so great that In many cases they come
here in a damaged condition. The range of varieties is not
go great as it is in the Eastern States, so far as I have
seen the strawberries here, and the two leading varieties,
which are the Clark and Magoon. are peculiar to this
coast. They are of excellent quality, large in size and seem
to be good shippers. The ordinary varieties that are well
known East do credit to themselves, as anyone would say
who had an opportunity to taste them.

CHERRIES. — These Northwestern States grow more and
better cherries than any other part of North America, and I
think excel the world in the production of this fruit in point
of size and color. It is really amazing to see the cherries on
the trees. They hang in such abundance that in many
cases there is a solid mass of fruit larger than one's arm
for a distance of a foot or more, and in some cases the

stems cannot be seen for a distance of three or four feet

up and down the branches, because of the heavy load of
fruit. The size of the cherries seems to correspond with
the quantity produced. I have measured many that are an
inch and a quarter in diameter, and have heard of some
that were an inch and a half, but have not seen any of
them yet. An inch In diameter is a very common size

for several of the varieties. There are no worms in the
cherries here, and one may eat them with this assurance.
The variety most commonly grown is known here as Royal
Ann, which is the synonym used on the Pacific coasfj

for the Napoleon. It is a light-colored cherry, usually
being a mixture of pale yellow or cream color' and pink
or a light red. The flavor Is very good, but I would not
call it best. The Bing is the next most popular one, and
some think it Is ahead of alI_others. It certainly is better
In flavor than the Napoleon, being sweeter, richer and more
solid In flesh. It is almost black in color when ripe, but
is very eatable when it is only dark red. Its size is very
large. The Lambert is the largest of all cherries, but
is not quite so dark-colored, nor so rich in color as the
Bing. It is also very late in ripening, and is quite an
addition to the list because of this peculiarity . The
Black Republican is a deep black when fully ripe, as its
name would indicate, and exceedingly sweet in flavor,
although not so large as the other two just mentioned
Oregon has another cherry similar to the Lambert, and
is of a very recent origin, only a few having It growing
in their orchards as yet. All of these four last mentioned
varieties are of western origin, and were grown from
seeds planted near the city of Portland. All of the varie¬
ties grown In the East do exceedingly, well here, both the
sweet and the sour varieties, but the latter are rarely
grown because the others are better to ship and to can for
the trade and for family use. It is very pleasing to see
the eastern visitors at the Exposition go into ecstacles
over the cherries, and the exhibitors here from the States'
of Oregon and Washington, in particular, take great pains
to give them all they can eat, and this pleases them still
more. I think I have eaten several quarts each day myself,
and so far I have felt no ill effects, and expect to’ continue
to do so as long as the cherries last ; and I try to! have
my friends participate.

APPLES. — (The display of apples from cold storage in
the Oregon and Washington exhibits is very fine; the Hood
River region in particular is making an exhibit that I do
not think can be equalled in point of color, firmness, size
and freedom from blemishes anywhere in the Eastern
States. The opinion seems to be prevalent that western
apples are not good in flavor, but while this is true of the
apples of the valleys in California, and to some extend
elsewhere, it is not true of those of the true apple-growing
regions out this way. Only to-day I was having some
people from Indiana taste some specimens of the old Genet.
They did not recognize the variety because of the high
color and perfection of the specimens, but they recognized
the flavor when they came to eat them. They at once
said that they had never tasted better Genet apples. Esopus
Spitzenberg seems to reach about its highest perfection
in this country, and the orchardists here are taking advan¬
tage of the fact, and are planting It very largely. The
Newtown Is another variety that grows to perfection, and
is being extensively planted. Jonathan, Grimes and all
of the higher class of apples are grown for eastern ship¬
ment, as well as for use at home. They also cater to the
markets across the ocean Fn Europe, and some of the
best apples are sent there. The Ben Davis and its kind
are grown here too, but these are largely sent to Alaska
and to China and Japan, and sometimes to Mexico. Cali
fornia also buys a good many of the apples grown in
Oregon and Washington.

THE PEACHES here are just beginning to ripen, but
California has been shipping them for some time, although
in small quantity, to show the visitors at the Exposition
what they have there. Southern Oregon grows excellent
peaches, but in the northern part of the State very few
are grown, and the same is true of Washington, exce;*)
along the Columbia River. The climate is so cool that it
exactly suits the apple, but does not suit the peach 1,0
well. No matter how warm the days may "be the nights
are always cool, and the temperature in the day time is by
no means uncomfortable, so far as I have experienced it.
The pears, plums, grapes, quinces, etc., will come a little
later.

RUSH FRUITS. — Currants and gooseberries do remark¬
ably well, and are seen on the tables in their highest per¬
fection. The same is true of the raspberries, both the
red and black varieties. The Loganberry is one of the
leading fruits here, and it does remarkably well. The
fruit is as large as the biggest of our blackberries, and
almost as long in shape as the mulberry. The fruit being
very soft, it does not ship very well, but is essentially a
fruit for home consumption. Its color Is red and the

flavor quite tart, which makes it less desirable to eat fresh
than the raspberry, but when cooked it has a most peculiar¬
ly delicious flavor. As many may not know, it is a cross
between the red raspberry and the wild dewberry of this
coast. It grows like a vine, on the ground, and is somewhat
difficult to cultivate because it has to be tied to stakes.
In the mild climate here if is not injured by the cold
weather, but it is too tender to be a success in the Eastern
States. There is no end of wild raspberries here in the
clearings and everywhere that they can find room to grow,
but they are of a different species from those that grow in
the East. The leaves are very large, and the blossoms look
almost like those of the apple. The fruit is large, flat in
shape, and red in color, and commonly called Salmon
berry. The wild blackberry here is trailing in its habit,
and the fruit is of good size and of excellent quality. The
Salal is another wild berry that is found everywhere from
British Columbia to Northern California, west of the Rocky
Mountains, but it is not of high quality, and is not used
when other berries are plenty. The wild currants and
gooseberries are also very abundant. There are no wild
grapes here, and no wild plums of any consequence.

THE EXPOSITION is a success in every way, and any¬
one who wants to make a trip here ought to take advantage
of the occasion. I came by the Canadian Pacific route,
and it exceeds all the others put together in point of grand¬
eur of scenery, and I have traveled them all. It is simply
inexpressibly grand in the Selkirk and other mountain
ranges. The vast plains of the Red, Assinlboine and
Saskatchewan rivers are rich and almost boundless. They
produce wheat of the highest quality, and by the shipload.

_ H. E. VAN DEMAN.

HAY LOADER PROBLEM. — We have used a hay loader
for three years, and recommend its use even to those with
a moderate amount of hay. The loader facilitates hay¬
making in that a load caa be put on in about one-third as
much time as by hand pitching, and with less energy on
the part of the men. To the farmer who depends upon
extra labor to harvest the hay crop, the loader is un¬
questionably an economical tool ; to the farmer of a few
acres who ' wishes to be independent of labor, the loader
again recommends Itself. On the other hand where Alfalfa
and the clovers make up the hay, the loader will not be
a useful tool, because it breaks off the leaves.

Holland Patent, N. Yr. f. h. t.

FRUIT IN INDIANA. — Apples in southern Indiana, 41
per cent: central. 52 per cent; northern, 50 per cent.
Fruit good size and smooth. Codling moth in usual number;
June drop excessive. Pears, good size, fairly clear skin.
Blight last year destroyed many trees and orchards — not
quite so bad’ this years. Average for southern Indiana, 42
per cent ; central", 32 per cent ; northern. 44 per cent.
Prospects for a small crop of merchantable fruit. Peaches,
promising in nearly all sections of the State, mostly fine.
Southern Indiana, 55 per cent; central, 40 per cent; north¬
ern, 56 per cent. Leaf curl is prevalent where trees were
not sprayed. Plums, southern Indiana, 65 per cent : cen¬
tral, 38 per cent; northern, 56 per cent. Fruit good size,
trees healthy. Dropping caused by the curculio in all sec¬
tions. Grapes, crop fine : clusters and berries large and
vines healthy. Southern Indiana, 88 per cent : central, ft2
per cent : northern, 85 per cent. Berries abundant set¬
ting of fine quality — needs moisture to insure crop. South¬
ern Indiana, 87 per cent: central, ft2 per cent: northern,
02 per cent. Upon the whole the prospects are fair for
all the varieties of Summer, Fall and Winter fruits in
Indiana. Where trees have received proper care the fruit
is fine— good size and smooth. The prospects are for rea¬
sonable prices for all kinds. Reports from the west and
east are not so good as last year. Michigan reports tine
prospects for all orchard fruits, grapes and berries.

Sec’y Ind. Horticultural Society. w. b. flick.

PEACH CROP IN NORTH JERSEY. — The Wantage
Recorder, of Deekertown, N. .1., gives the following state¬
ment, based on the report of Samuel A. Miller, a well-known
grower :

“He gives It as a conservative estimate at the present
time at least half a million dollars is in prospective view
for the growing crop of peaches in the neighborhoods named,
lie says there are many growers in the vicinity of Vernon,.
Glenw'ood. Edenvllle and Amity, who will have 1,500 to
3,000 baskets each ; that there are from eight to ten whom
he is quite sure will have at least 10,000 baskets each.
Then there are two or three who will have more than that.
Capt. Daniel Bailey, of Glenwood, has the prospects for the
largest yields of anyone. These estimates, bear in mind,
are formed from the present outlook, and of course are sub¬
ject to many chances of being entirely or partially wiped
out from unforeseen causes. Is the peach growing belt mov¬
ing northward? This question seems to be a coming problem.
Charles Walling, between Unionville and Westtown, has
good prospects this year for several thousands baskets.
Other growers in Minisink also will have peaches this year,
and in northern Warwick and near Goshen peach trees give
indications of yielding a fair crop. In contrast to this
there are few orchards south of Wantage in this county
that are doing well, where a few years ago large yields?
were had. This would imply that for some reason, at¬
mospheric or soil conditions, were driving the fertility of
peach tree.s to more northern regions. The income from this
crop will be a great help to farmers who have expended
much monev in fertilizers, and labor. In cultivating trees
for the most delicious of all fruits — peaches, and everyone,
we think, will join with us in wishing that no misfortune
may happen to the crop.”

BUSINESS BITS.

Now is the time to look out for your strawberry crop of
next June. A number of nurserymen are offering potted
plants which will produce a good crop next year. A partic¬
ularly attractive midsummer catalogue just issued by T. ,1.
Dwyer & Co.. Cornwall. N. Y.. tells all about the best
varieties and how to grow them. Whether you grow fruit
for home use or market this catalogue will prove valuable.

It means dollars and cents to the dairyman to keep his
cows protected from flies during the warm weather. He can
see it in the milk pail. The loss is just as great when other
animals are tormented, but it is not so apparent. Many of
our people are using the preparation called “So-Bos-So.” It
is manufactured by Charles II. Childs & Co., 24 laiFayette
Street, Utica, N. Y.

Oru readers will remember the report on the new plant
food “Ronora" under the head of “Ruralisms” in July 8
issue. This compound certainly gave a good account of
itself on the Rural Grounds when used on plants and lawn.
As it can be used in and about the house without giving
off any offensive odors, it is bound to become a popular form
of plant food. The manufacturers, Bonora Chem. Co., 584-6
Broadway. New York City, are constantly receiving strong
endorsements of its efficiency from those who have used it
this season on lawns, gardens and field crops.

The corn crop Is now on the way. If you intend buying
silage machinery don’t fall to investigate the line manu¬
factured by the Belle City Mfg. Co., at Racine Junction,
Wis. Their line has become justly popular. Cutters are
made in various sizes and include both blowers and car¬
riers. Where neighbors are in the habit of exchanging work,
one outfit may very well serve for a whole neighborhood.
In the meantime it would be well to get into correspondence
with the Belle City people, get their catalogue with descrip¬
tions and prices and have a definite hasis on which to figure.

Tiie New York State Veterinary College of Cornell Uni¬
versity at Ithaca, N. Y., although a State institution, is ad¬
ministered by the trustees of Cornell University, and its
students profit by courses in the university class and labo¬
ratories and by the university library. The course is three
years and leads to the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medi¬
cine. Tuition to regular students is $100 per year, but stu¬
dents who are residents of the State of New York receive
tuition free. There are also numerous scholarships open to
residents of all States. The college offers peculiarly excel¬
lent opportunities for young men to prepare for a profession
which offers large possibilities. Those interested and who
desire further particulars should address Prof. James Law,
F. R. C. V. S., Director.

558

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 22,

f Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

AMERICAN ARISTOCRACY.

Of all the notable things on earth.

The queerest one Is pride of birth
Among our "tierce democracy !"

A bridge across a hundred years,

Without a prop to save it from sneers,

Not even a couple of rotten peers —

A thing for laughter, fleers, and jeers.

Is American aristocracy.

English and Irish, French and Spanish,
Germans, Italians. Dutch and Danish,
Crossing their veins until they vanish
In one conglomeration !

So subtle a tangle of blood, indeed,

No Heraldry Harvey will ever succeed
In finding the circulation.

Depend upon it, my snobbish friend,

Your family thread you can't ascend,

Without good reason to apprehend
You may find it waxed, at the farther end,
By some plebeian vocation !

Or, worse than that, your boasted line
May end in a loop of stronger twine,

That plagued some worthy relation !

— John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887).

♦

To renovate thin, black materials, such
as old mousseline de soie, cover the iron¬
ing board with old black cloth, and lay
the mousseline flat upon it pinning it in
place. Lay over it a piece of black lawn

or cambric that has been wrung out of

gum arabic water, and a dry cloth over
this; then iron with a hot iron. The

mousseline will be crisp and fresh, like
new goods.

*

Every woman who does not rely upon
pins has some special way of keeping her
shirtwaist neat at the back. A simple
way is to stitch a stout piece of tape

across the hack and sides at the waist line,
with ends long enough to tie in front.
Three hooks are sewn inside the hack of
the belt, about V/ inch apart. Three
bar eyes are sewn on the tape at the back
of the waist, at corresponding distances.
The tape is tied tightly, and the hooks
then adjusted at the back. The waist is
bloused at the front as desired, and the
string and hooks always keep it in place.

*

Here is a Shaker cook’s recipe for a
codfish dinner, as given in Good House¬
keeping: Hard boil as many eggs as
there are to be guests. Boil potatoes tilt
they are nearly done, then drain them out
and slice them into a skillet in which thin
slices of bacon are crisping. In another
dish shred a very little unsoaked salted
codfish , cover it with water and cook un¬
til tender and the water has all evaporat¬
ed. Add a cup of cream to this and turn
it over the potatoes and bacon. The salt
of the bacon and codfish is sufficient for
the dish. A little pepper may be added if
desired. To serve, pile the potato on a
large platter and garnish with the eggs
and parsley.

*

In a very damp locality, where steel
rusts quickly when exposed, it is wise to
keep needles in general use stuck in oiled
flannel, and the sewing tools should be put
in the driest part of the room, away from
open windows. Scissors are sometimes
hopelessly rusted by leaving them near an
open window over night. Iron or steel
articles not in use may be covered with a
thin layer of vaseline. Rust spots may be
rubbed off with emery and oil, or covered
with kerosene or sweet oil for some time,
and then rubbed hard. In very obstinate
cases, touch the spots first with muriatic
acid and then with ammonia, to neutral¬
ize the acid ; finish with emery or Bath
brick.

*

A good many hard-working housekeep¬
ers will agree with a woman who, ac¬
cording to the Atchison Globe, says she
would like to change places with the
average hired girl. The woman does her
own work. Washes, irons, does her
house cleaning, cooks three meals a day,
keeps a garden and has a nice-looking

front yard, which she attends to without
any assistance from her men folks. She
says there are three hired girls in the
neighborhood, who get $8.50 a week. They
do not have to wash and iron. At house¬
cleaning time the lady of the house helps
them, besides having outside help. The
days that the hired girls sweep and wash
windows the lady of the house assists
with the kitchen work. The hired girl
has all day to do what she has to do, and
her time is her own. The woman who
does her own work does her own sewing,
but she says the hired girls have their
dresses made by sewing women. The
woman says everyone in the families
where there are hired girls is afraid to
find fault for fear the girls will leave, but
that when she makes a mistake, no one is
afraid to mention it to her.

*

A woman who does a good deal of
canning and preserving says she had a
tinsmith make her a tin kettle long
enough to hold three quart cans, and
two cans wide. Two frames were made
to fit in this, raised on feet ; each had
six holes, one frame being for pint cans
and the other for quart. These frames
hold the fruit jars so that they do not

slide about and the whole outfit is very
convenient. We have seen a home¬
made wooden frame used for the same
purpose; it had a slat bottom that just
fitted an ordinary wash boiler and above
this little lath partitions that held the
bottles in place. A good many women
still treat this method of canning in an
experimental way, and trust to odd pieces
of board laid upon the bottom of the
boiler, with scraps of kindling or twists
of straw around the bottles. It is worth
while to save trouble by more permanent
appliances. _

Mrs. Perry’s Grievances.

“No, the day of miracles' ain’t over, and
folks dream dreams and see visions even
now. You don’t believe it? Well, I’ll
tell you of a case.

“It was a year ago this coming month
that I went over to spend a couple of
weeks with Cousin Elvira at Marshall’s
Corners. Now, you probably don’t know
it, but Marshall’s Corners ain’t exactly
the liveliest place in all the world. They
are mostly farmers there, and a mile
from Elvira’s is a store and post office
and a tack factory. Oh, yes, and there’s
a schoolhouse in a pine grove half a mile
from her house the other way.

“I guess it was the third day I was
there that I says, ‘Elvira, who is it lives
in the house across the road, and what’s
so much coming and going there for?
Seems to me there’s some one calling
there every half hour.’

“Elvira, she folded up her work and
stood up. ‘Come along with me,’ she

says, ‘and you’ll see why there’s so much
calling there. It’s Mrs. Perry lives there.
Her husband's sick, has been for a long
time, but lie's getting better now. We all
think everything of Mrs. Perry, though
we didn’t like her a bit the first month or
so she was here.’

“I noticed, as we went across the road,
what a pleasant look the house had. The
curtains were raised quite high so’s to let
in a lot of light, and there was one win¬
dow full of bright*- clean-looking, blos¬
soming plants. A big yellow cat set on
another window sill and blinked at us as
we went by. I never liked a yellow cat,
but somehow this one seemed different,
and no other kind would have seemed so
cheerful.

“The minute I laid eyes on Mrs. Perry
I knew why everybody liked her. You
know there’s some folks you just meet
on the road; they don’t do nothing more
than nod and smile at you, but you some¬
how feel better for seeing ’em. Mrs.
Perry was like that. She wa’n’t what
you’d call pretty, but she had nice clean-
looking teeth and her hair was tidy, and
she had the pleasantest cordial smile I
ever see. She had on a plain, calico dress,
but it was clean and whole and fitted her
nice, and looked kinder stylish. ‘She is
genuine,’ I says to myself. ‘She’s just
what she appears to be.’ Her house was
just like her; it was plain and neat; there
was comfortable chairs, and there was
books and a piano.

“Mr. Perry was lying in a reclining
chair, and although you could see that
he was a pleasant sort of person enough,

it was his wife that was the one folks
liked best.

“Well, we had an awful nice call, and
just before we went, Elvira asked her to
play and sing for us. She never made a
word of objection, and she didn’t say she
had a cold and couldn’t, but she went
right over to the piano and set down and
begun to play. Now I’ve heard more or
less good music in my day, and when I
heard Mrs. Perry sing I knew she wa’n’t
no ordinary amateur. Her voice wa’n’t
nothing wonderful, but it was sweet and
true, and she sang with some life and
snap. I says somethin" about it after she
got through, and she said she’d studied
a good deal and been to some good teach¬
ers, but she didn’t put on no airs about it.

“After that first call, I went over there
pretty often, and we talked together like
old cronies. It was one day towards the
end of my visit that we had a specially
long talk. It was a rainy day, and Mr.
Perry was asleep in the next room, so we
had quite a long spell to ourselves. We’d
come to a kind of pause in our conver¬
sation, and there wa’n’t no sound in the
room but the clock ticking and the cat
purring. Finally Mrs. Perry laid down
her work — she was one of the busy kind
and we was both sewing — and she says,
with a queer little smile, ‘Aunt Asenath,
I’m going to tell you a strange experience
I had when I first moved into this neigh¬
borhood. I never have told anybody but
Alfred, and I was ashamed to tell even
him all of it.

“ ‘You see, when he was taken sick and
the doctor said he must come into the
country, it was a terrible blow to me. I’d
always lived in the city, all my friends
were there, and I went about a great
deal. To leave all that and go into the
country, which I hated, especially with
Winter coming on, with nothing to do but
take care of a sick man — well, it nearly
broke my heart. I actually was so child¬
ish and horrid that I felt as if Alfred was
somehow to blame for getting sick. This

wasn’t all ; I had a sort of compound
grievance: Alfred chose to come to this
lonely, out-of-the-way place, where I was
sure there was no society. I did not like
the town itself, and I did not like this
neighborhood nor the house, and 1 made
up my mind that I should not like the
people. They called on me very soon
after 1 got settled, and I was just as hor¬
rid as 1 could be to them. I told them
how lonesome and homesick I was and
how I disliked the country, and I bragged
about my life in the city and of all the ad¬
vantages I had there. After my callers
went I told Alfred how countrified and
boorish I thought them, and I declared
that I never would return their calls. Poor
Alfred, what he had to endure! I thought
the country was a good place to" wear out
mv old clothes, so I wore old -gowns that
had seen better days, and I looked like a
fright, especially as I neglected my hair
and wore shabby old slippers.

“ ‘The doctor came out to see Alfred,
and he looked puzzled and shook his head.
‘I don’t sec why he doesn’t gain more,’ he
said, and he looked at me sharply and
with a gleam of suspicion in his eyes.

“ ‘I don’t like to think of that time. The
neighbors did not call a second time, of
c jrse, and I was really very lonely,
though I did not admit it, and kept saying
how glad I was not to be bothered by
them. I could see that Alfred was get¬
ting worse instead of better, and I knew
the doctor thought I was somehow to
blame for it. I never was so wretched in
my life. I began to be really alarmed
about my husband, and it was when I got
my mind off myself that the revelation
came.

“‘It was one night after one of Alfred'';
very worst days that I lay awake worry¬
ing about him. At last I fell asleep, and
I had a dream, or a vision, I don’t know
which to call it. I seemed to be in a
graveyard, and there was one stone that
I seemed to be drawn toward. I expected
to see my husband’s name on it, and I
trembled with fear, but I drew nearer and
looked. 1 saw my own name, and below
it I read these words : ‘My Lady Disdain.
No one loved her in life nor mourned her
in death, and no one was ever made happy
by her.’

“ ‘I awoke with a start, and there was
no more sleep for me that night. I looked
at myself as if T had been some one else,
and I saw that if T kept on as I had be¬
gun, my epitaph would be a true one.
Then I realized what was the trouble with
Alfred. My gloomy, fault-finding, de¬
posing tmosphere was having its effect
on him. As soon as it was light I looked
at his sleeping face, and I was terrified, he
looked so worn and pale and unhappy. I
was sick with fear. Had I learned my
lesson too late?

“ ‘It was hard to appear cheerful and
hopeful when there was such a fear at my
heart, hut somehow strength was given
me to do it, and you don’t know how
thankful I was that first day when I made
Alfred laugh — something he had not done
for weeks. T played to him and read to
him, and in the afternoon when he took
his nap I went out and called on one of
the neighbors, and every day when I
could returned one of the calls T had re¬
ceived. It was hard for me to do it, re¬
membering how disdainful and rude I had
been, but they were all so kind and for¬
giving and did not seem to remember the
first impression.

“ ‘Soon the neighbors began to drop in
often, and this helped to cheer Alfred up,
and the next time the doctor came he was
surprised at the improvement in his pa¬
tient. He looked me over from top to toe
—I had changed my appearance a great
deal — and then he nodded his head ap¬
provingly and muttered, ‘I thought so ’
I did not ask him what he meant, because
I knew.

“ ‘That dream has made such a differ¬
ence in my life, Aunt Asenath — yes, and
in the lives of others, too. I shudder to
think what I would have been by this
time if I had not had that experience.’

“Don’t waste any shudders on that,’ I
says. ‘Something else would have put
you on the right track, but of course the
vision you had made a quicker cure. You
are one of the kind that can take a hint.
Now, lots of folks can’t, and in your place
they would have kept right on as you be¬
gun, and then would have blamed every¬
body under the sun but themselves for
their misery.’

“‘Well,’ she says, ‘I’m glad I found the
guilty person. And what do you think,
Aunt Asenath? I have got so I like the
town and the neighborhood and the house
and the people — yes, the people most of
all. Besides all that, I’m going to like
the country pretty soon, too — in about an¬
other month. I think,’ and she laughed.

“‘The difference is all in yourself,’ I
says. ‘Most generally when folks hate
everything and everybody in sight, the
trouble’s all with themselves. Tf they’d
only see it and hate themselves for awhile
it would make all the difference in the
world to ’em, and to everybody else that
has to live with ’em or see ’em.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

THE LONE FISHERMAN. Fig. 233.

1905.

Cool Drinks

Lemonade is always an acceptable drink,
and with a little previous preparation may
be served at any time without trouble.
There arc several ways of doing this, some
of them very much alike, but all of them
good. A little lemon syrup put in a
tumblerful of very cold water gives a
lemonade lit for a king, and may be made
with or without acid. To make a syrup
containing acid peel the yellow rind from
a dozen lemons (as thinly as possible) ;
put the peel with four pounds of loaf
sugar and poor over it two quarts of boil¬
ing water. Squeeze the juice from the
lemons and add to it four ounces tartaric
acid. Mix all together and strain. When
perfectly cold put into bottles and cork
tightly. For syrup without acid grate the
yellow of the rind from 12 lemons and
mix with six pounds granulated sugar;
add two quarts of water and boil until it
thickens (skimming off all scum that
rises). Add the juice from the 12 lemons
and boil 15 minutes longer. Bottle, and
cork tightly. Keep either of the syrups
in a cool place. Orange syrup may he
made in the same way, but less sugar is
needed where the oranges are sweet ones.

A preparation in powder form is, some¬
times, more desirable than the syrup, and
is particularly nice for the traveler to
carry. Take one-half of loaf sugar and
rub over two large lemons to get the
flavor (rub until you fairly “take the skin
off”) ; crush the sugar as finely as pos¬
sible and mix with it four ounces carbon¬
ate of soda and four ounces tartaric acid.
Rub through a fine sieve and put into a
warm and perfectly dry bottle, or can.
Cork tightly and keep where it will be as
dry as possible. Use a teaspoon ful to a
tumbler of water. To change the color
and flavor of these drinks add to the
syrup, or powder, some kind of fruit
syrup. If the drink is then called by the
name of the fruit added, making it straw¬
berry lemonade (or whatever the fruit is)
the change will seem even greater. The
fruit syrup is added when mixing the
drink, and the amount will be regulated
by circumstances and taste — a half-tea-
spoonful of some syrups giving more color
and flavor than twice the amount of
others. The work required for the prepa¬
ration of these “foundations” is practic¬
ally nothing when compared with that re¬
quired in making lemonade in the usual
way half-a-dozen different times — and it
is a “mighty big” satisfaction to know it
is ready for instant use.

EVA RYMAN-GAII.I.ARD.

Mental Tonics.

Nowadays we hear and read so much of
mind cures, superiority of mind over mat¬
ter, healing by suggestion and other the¬
ories, both logical and illogical, that we
sometimes feel inclined to put it all aside
as rubbish. Yet we all know there is
“something to it.” and as we think our
lives to be so will they become to a cer¬
tain extent. While this belief may not
enable us to deny some bodily ailment or
pay the grocer’s hill, it may be of practical
benefit in our daily lives. Think how
much more labor wc accomplish in a sin¬
gle day when our minds are in a serene,
cheerful, active condition. Monotonous
and even disagreeable tasks are dispatch¬
ed with ease if our minds are busy with
higher thoughts. But how shall we,
amidst the cares and trials of this world,
keep our minds in this happy state? Ah!
there is the rub! So let me, if you will
pardon personalities, tell of some of the
ways “my own life has proved true.”

In looking back ovet* the years spent on
a prairie farm “four miles from a lemon,”
I can see how the fact that I always had
a hobby — a “something going” — entirely
different from my daily round of house¬
hold duties, helped to keep me cheerful,
contented and served as a mental tonic.
There was the Chautauqua course of
study, two hours’ work each day, pursued
at first alone, later with friends, busy
women like myself. How potatoes were
pared and dishes washed with a book
propped open before me; sweeping and

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

dusting was dispatched with ease when with silk simply stitched, as illustrated, or

the mind busied itself with snatches of trimmed with banding as preferred. I lie

Greek history and art. The Chautauqua quantity of material required for the

diploma which hangs in my room to-day, medium size (14 years) is 6)4 yards 21,

does not simply represent so many books 5)4 yards 27 or 3)4 yards 44 inches wide
read, so many facts stored away in my
mind, to render more intelligible all future
reading, but it also means a richer, broad¬
er, happier home life to look back upon,
and the power to pass along helpful
knowledge to others — but that is a differ¬
ent story.

Then there was the little, struggling
country Sabbath school, made up mostly
of children of foreign parentage, where
for lack of better material, 1 served as
superintendent, organist and teacher. With
what prayerful zeal l labored! It seems,
recalling it, that 1 received more benefit
from it than anyone else. It certainly
served as a spiritual tonic, and how
many such we do need to keep
our minds attuned aright. Then farmer’s
wives and daughters find opportunities for
doing charity work, even such as our city
sisters lay hold of. A little time and
thought given to the uplifting of the hired
help within our homes is often of lasting
benefit to them. A young girl o'f foreign

559

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll set a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

5064 Misses’ Seven Gored Umbrella Skirt,
12 to 16 years.

CONSUMPTION

(MRS. WINSLOW’S
1 SOOTHING SYRUP >

hM been nsed by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. 1
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays (
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best (
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

The

♦♦♦

birth, once came to onr home. Finding when material has figure or nap. 5)4
her ambitious to get an education, I spent yards 21, 4)4 yards 27 or 2)4 yards 44 in-
some time each day. for months, teaching ches wide when it has not. The pattern
her and afterwards loaned her books, 56064 is cut in sizes for misses of 12, 14
money and gave her clothing to enable her and 16 years of age; price 10 cents,
to attend school and fit herself for a There are advantages in the circular
teacher. To go over my old text-books, cloak for infants’ wear which every
to help and to plan for her was a pleasure, mother who has struggled to slip sleeves
and thereby was my reward assured; but, over tiny arms will recognize. No. 5044
dear sisters, another reward came sure is a most attractive one that can be made
and soon. This girl, grown to capable with the cape and hood, or plain, as may
womanhood, took up a burden which I, in be liked. In the illustration it is made of
my weakness, was obliged to lay down, cream white henrietta with trimming of
and is to-day in her distant home, doing a silk embroidery and fancy stitching, but
work for me which I could never have bengaline, peau de soie and similar silks,
willingly entrusted to any one else. So

let us lay hold of all the opportunities that
come in our way, and if our pet hobby be
aong the line of study, charity work,
music, birds, tlowers or earning a little
money of "our very own” let us pursue it
with zeal and enthusiasm, not allowing it
to interfere with our daily duties, but
rather helping to keep our minds in that
happy state wherein no work is drudgery.

And now that the old farm life is a
thing of the past and club meetings, lec¬
tures, church societies and social duties
threaten to become, not mental tonics, but
tasks, I find the old enemy, discontent —
just as liable to creep in upon me as in
those days.

So I take a new tack with myself, and
term it “mental suggestion by compari¬
son.” Nothing like a high-sounding
name: For instance, if I am not well, I
suggest to myself: “What if you were in
the condition of Mrs. So and So” and I
begin to be so thankful that I am not, that
1 almost forget my ailments. Again, if
I see my friends driving about or whizzing
past in automobiles, while I perhaps am
not able even to walk out, I suggest to
myself : “Now I can sit here on the' ver¬
anda when my work is done, and enjoy
the sunshine and flowers, while my east¬
ern friends are shut in by cold and Bedford cord and such simpler washable
storms” and again my mind is serene, materials as pique all are suitable, while
Not long since a Russian lady of no- trimming appropriately can be of lace or
bility lectured before our club, endeavor- embroidery or the little coat can be left
ing to interest us in her poor peasant sis- plain as shown in the back view. Both
ters, and their lace work. She told us coat and cape are circular, fitted at the
of their tiny mud huts with thatched shoulders by means of short darts, while
roofs, of their bare, cramped lives with the hood is arranged over both and the
nothing to look forward to and yet she little roll-over collar finishes the neck,
said, “They are so patient — so patient.’’ 1 he quantity of material required is (>

Reeve Kitchen Cabinet

AT

WHOLESALE
PRICES

We are now sell-
ini' these famous
Kitchen Cabinets
direct from fac¬
tory to you, thus
saving you deal¬
ers’ big profits.

Write to-day for
illustrated cata¬
logue and reduced
price list to

Reeve Mfg. Co.,

37 Main Street,
Cortland, N. Y.

TELEPHONES

ANT) LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central A ve., Cleveland, O.

Risky Business

to shave with unfit soap.
Take no such chances.
Stick to the old reliable.

WILLIAMS’ iHovAHp

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly."

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

6044 Infants Circular Cloak, Oue size.

in comparing their lot with ours, it seems yards *27 or 3)4 yards 44 inches wide^vith ^la^reemveu

to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

that we, their American sisters, ought to 5 yards of embroidery and /> yard of silk

be in a constant state of thankfulness.
Just suggest, to ourselves: “What if we
were living in a dark mud hut, making
lace by the light of a burning stick thrust
in the chinks of the wall.” So really our
environment is just as we take it, and
we go hack to the Scripture saying: “As
a man thinketh in his heart, so is he.”

MARY S. STELSON.

The Rural Patterns.

The plain skirt is always in demand.
No. 5064 is one of the latest designed for
young girls cut in what is known as um¬
brella style. The model is made of fleck¬
ed linen etamine and is admirable for all
washable materials, but also is correct for
wool and silk. The skirt is cut in seven
gores and is laid in inverted plaits at the
back, while its lower edge can be finished

ining for hood. The pattern 5044 is cut
in one size only; price 10 cents.

l°o HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on ao
days* notice.

^KAKCHING Investigation of
^ tiila Company's record, its
present standing, and its con¬
servative methods will assure
you that its funds are better
secured than the average 4 p. c.
investment.

We pay you 5 p. c. per annum
a quarter larger income. You
•vi 11 appreciate the convenience
of our “certificate” system for
handling accounts by mall.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . 5$L, 700,000
urplus and Troll tH,
*160,000

iidus trial Savings and LoauCo. I
.» Times Bl’d'g, B’wy , N.Y. City j

Style

EDdystonE

PRINTS

does not always consist in crowding a dress
with trimming. Make your new dress witn
Slmpson-Eddystone Prints and little, if any
ornament, and you'l I have one of the prettiest
you’ve ever seen. The beauty is right in the
goods.

Attractive patterns, fine printing, fast
colors, and cloth of a uniformly high quality
have made our prints the standard of the
country for 62 years. (ff.

Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddystonc Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of jirst-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

STOP THAT COUGH

«“ JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

56o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 22,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, July 22, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Asparagus in Michigan . 550

Successful Alfalfa Field . 550

The Use of a Hay Loader . 551

Cost of Ammonia . 551

Alfalfa Experience . 551

Vetch and Rye for Hay. . . 552

Cabbage Maggots and Fertilizer . 552

Corn Hybridization . 553

Culture of Peanuts . 553

Sowing Crimson Clover . 554

Hope Farm Notes . 555

Crop Prospects . 557

Hay Loader Problem . 557

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

•Bone-Ail”: Winter Fodder . . 552

Paper Bottles for Milk . 553

A Talk About Tuberculosis . 562

Making Silage in Florida . 562

Mange on Calf . 562

Cow with Caked Udder . 563

Ration for Milch Cow . 563

Grain Ration for Cows . . 563

Plan for a Iloghouse . 563

Food Value of Milk . . 563

HORTICULTURE.

Sod or Clean Culture for Insects. .. .549, 550

Strawberries as Large as Apples . 550

The Best Strawberries . 551

Bermuda Onions for Transplanting . 551

Orchards in Brush . 551

Strawberry Grower’s Story . 552

Orcharding in New Mexico . 552

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 554

Fertilizer for Roses . 554

Fruit at Lewis and Clark Exposition.... 557

Fruit in Indiana . 557

Peach Crop in North Jersey . 557

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 558

Mrs. Perry’s Grievances . 558

Cool Drinks . 559

Mental Tonics . . 559

The Rural Patterns . 559

MISCELLANEOUS.

Hemlock Water Pipes . 551

Editorials . 556

Business Bits . 557

Events of the Week . 557

Publisher’s Desk . 561

Products. Prices and Trade . 561

Humorous . 504

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending July 15, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

CHEESE.
Full cream, small, fancy...

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red, new . — @1.02

No. 1, Northern. Duluth.... — @1.1814

Corn, export grade . — @6214

Oats . 36 @ 40

Barley . — @ 48

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, prime . — @16.00

No. 1 . — @15.00

No. 2 . 13.00 @14.00

No. 3 . — @12.00

Clover, mixed . 10.00 @12.00

Clover . 9.00 @11.00

Straw, long rye . 14.00 @15.00

Short and oat . 9.00 @12.00

FEED.

Wholesale at New York.

Spring bran .

17.75

@ _

Red dog .

, -

@23.50

Middlings .

@21.00

Hominy chop .

. -

@22.00

Oil meal .

. -

@30.00

Cotton-seed meal . .

, -

@26.00

Retail Western New York.

Middlings .

. 24.00

@26.00

Bran .

.21.00

@23.00

Red dog .

@27.00

Corn and oats .

. 26.00

@ 27.00

Oil meal .

—

@35.00

MILK.

The New York Exchange price is $1.21 per
40-quart can. netting 214 cents per quart to
shippers in 26-cent freight zone where no ex¬
tra station charges are made.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 20 %@ 21

Firsts . 19% @ 20

Seconds . . 18 @ 19

Thirds . 17 @ 17%

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.. 19% @ 20

Tubs, firsts . 18% @ 19

Tubs, seconds . 17 @ 18

Lower grades . 15 %@ 16%

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 18 @ 19

Firsts . 16 @ 17

Western factory, firsts . 16 @ —

Seconds . 15 @ 15%

Lower grades . 14 @ 14%

Renovated, extras . 17%@ —

Firsts . 15% @ 16%

Seconds . 14 %@ 15

Lower grades . — @ 14

Packing stock. No. 1 . 15% @ — -

No. 2 . — @ 15

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white.

Fresh gathered, white, choice.

Fresh gathered, extra mixed. .

Fresh gathered, firsts to extra

firsts . 17

Western, fresh gathered, firsts 16% @

Seconds . 15% @

Thirds . 14

Kentucky, fresh gathered,

thirds to seconds . 12

West’n, fresh gathered, dirties
Checked eggs . 8

22

@

23

21

@

21%

20

@

21

17

@

19

16%

(3>

17%

15 % @

16

14

@

15

12

@

15

10

@

13%

8

@

11

Large, white, fancy.
Light skims, choice...
Part skims, prime....

Common to fair. . . .
Full skims .

—

9%

8%@

9%

— @

9%

7% (a)

7 •

6%@

6%

4 @

4%

1 @

2

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel . 3.40 @3.45

Common to good . 2.80 @3.35

Medium, choice . 2. 22% @2.25

Common to good . 1.80 @2.20

Pea, choice . . . . » . 1.87% @1.90

Common to good . 1.60 @1.85

Red kidney, choice . 3.05 @ —

Common to good . 2.75 @3.00

White kidney, choice . 3.50 @3.55

Yellow eye. choice . 2.00 @ —

HOPS.

Choice . 25 @ 26

Medium to prime . 22 @ 24

Ordinary . 20 @ 21

New York State, 1903 . 19 @ 21

Olds . 10 @ 12

German, crop 1904 . 50 @ 60

DRIED FRUITS.
Apples, evaporated, fancy. . . .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, common to good
Sun dried, Ohio .

7% @
_6%@

4 ■

2%@

7

6

■%

Cores and skins, 100
Raspberries, 1904, lb...
Huckleberries, 1904, lb.
Blackberries, 1904, lb. .
Cherries, 1904, lb .

FRESH FRUITS.
Apples, Red Astrachan, b

Green, new, bbl .

Pears, South’n, Le Conte,
Plums, Georgia, carrier. .

North Carolina .

Peaches, N. C.. carrier. . .

South Carolina .

Georgia, Elberta .

Georgia, Belle .

Georgia, Chinese Free..

Georgia, Mt. Rose .

Georgia, Lady Ingold. .

Georgia, Carman .

Georgia, Waddell .

Georgia, soft and poor.

Cherries, black, lb .

Red and white .

Sour .

Strawberries, up-river, qt.

Western New York .

Blackberries, Del. & Md.,

Jersey, quart .

Raspberries, red. pint....

Black caps, pint .

Currants,
Small, qiu
Muskmelons,

Cherry, qua

uart .

Florida,

South Carolina
Watermelons, Fla.

100.

@1.75

_ 1.00

@1.12

... 23

@ 24

. . . . 10

@ 11

@ 7 V

@ 13

ITS.

1. . .1.00

@2.00

. 1.0

@2.00

>bl. .2.00

@3.50

.... 7i>

@1.75

. . .1.00

@1.50

. . . 75

@1.25

. . . 50

@1.50

... 75

@1.75

. . . 75

@1.75

. . . 75

@1.50

... 75

@1.50

. . . 75

@1.50

. . . 75

@1.0(1

... 75

@ 1 .00

. . . 25

@ 50

8

@ 12

5

@ 10

4

@ 7

4

@ 9

4

@ 12

It. . 3

@ 6

4

@ 8

3

@ 5

3

@ 5

5

@ 10

6

@ 12

6

@ 7

... 5

@ 6

>. . . 50

@1.25

. . . 50

@1.75

. . . 50

@2.00

. . 1 2.00

@25.00

. 1 25.00

@ 225.0<

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Long Island, bbl....1

Jersey, Del. & Md . 1

Southern .

Common .

Old, 168-lb. bag .

Beets, Long Island, 100 bnchs.l

Carrots, old, bbl .

Long Island. 100 bunches..
Cabbage, Long Island, 100.... 2
Long Island and Jersey, bbl.

Cauliflowers, dozen .

Celery. State, dozen .

Michigan, dozen .

Cucumbers, Norfolk, bbl .

Maryland, basket .

Upper Jersey, box .

South Jersey, box .

Cucumber pickles, Jersey, per

1,000 . 2.

Corn, Southern, case of 100...

Jersey, per 100 .

New Orleans. 100 . ...1

Egg plants, Florida, box . 1

Norfolk, half-bbl . 1

Jersey, box . 1.

Horseradish. 100 lbs . 5.

Lettuce, nearby, bbl .

Onions. New Orleans, new, bag

Texas, crate .

Southern, white, bu. -crate. .

Southern, Potato, bbl . 1.

Southern, yellow, bbl . 1.

Southern, red, bbl . 2.

Kentucky, bbl . 1 .

Jersey, white, half-bbl. bkt. .
Peppers, Fla., carrier or bkt..1.

Jersey, box . 1.

Peas, L. I. & Jersey, basket. . .

Western New York .

Radishes, nearby. 100 hunches
String beans, Baltimore, bkt...

Maryland .

Jersey, wax .

Jersey, green .

Spinach, nearby, bbl .

Squash, Hubbard, bbl .

Marrow .

White .

Yellow crook-neck .

Turnips, rnta baga. bbl . 1

White. 100 bunches . 1.

Tomatoes, N. C. & Va., carrier
Maryland and Delaware....

Baltimore, box . 1

Upper Jersey, Grant, box...l
South Jersey, Acme. box. ..1
South Jersey. Grant, box...
Watercress, 100 bunches . 1

LIVE POULTRY.
Spring chickens, Western, lb. .

Southern .

Fowls, Western .

Roosters, old .

Turkeys, old
Ducks, Western,

Southern, pair .

Geese, Western, pair.

Southern, pair ....

Pigeons, pair .

.12

,00

87

50

75

.00

75

50

00

75

50

15

15

50

35

75

50

00

50

75

75

00

00

00

00

50

10

25

60

25

50

00

50

75

00

00

50

75

50

50

50

50

50

30

75

50

50

50

.00

00

50

35

00

00

,50

75

00

pair.

, 70
. 60
.1.00

@1.25
@1.37
@1.25
@ 75
@1.00
@1.50
@1.00
@1.00
@3.00
@1.00
@1.00
@ 60
@ 30

@1.00
@ 50

@1.00
@ 75

@3.00
@1.25
@1.37
@2.00
@1.50
@1.75
@1.25
@7.00
@1.00
@ 65

@ 40

@ 75
@1.50
@1.75
@3.00
@1.75
@1.00
@1.50
@1.25
@ 75

@1.00
@ 60
@ 65

@ 75

@ 85
@ 90

@ 50

@1.25
@1.00
@ 75

@1.00
@1.25
@ —
@1.00
@ 75

@1.50
@2.00
@2.00
@1.00

@ 17
@ 16
@ 14%
@ 9%

@ 14V
@ 80
@ 65
@1.25
@1.00
@ 20

t 17

@

—

1 15

@

16

13

@

14

25

@

27

18

@

22

1 16

>

@

20

16

t

@

18

15

@

16

14

@

15

@

13%

—

@

13

-

@

13

—

@

13

—

@

12%

10

@

12

@

17

16

@

17

@2,

,75

2.12

@2.25

1.50

@1.62

DRESSED TOULTRY.

Turkeys, Western, average best
Western, mixed, fair to good

Western, poor . 13

Chickens, Phiia. broilers, 3%

to 4 lbs. to pair .

Pennsylvania, broilers . 18

Western, broilers, dry picked
Western, broilers, scalded, 3
lbs. and over to pair. . .

Western, broilers, under 3

lbs. to pair .

Southern, broilers, scalded.

Fowls, Ind„ Ill. & Iowa, dry

picked .

So. Ind. & Ill., dry picked.

Other Southw’n and South¬
ern, dry picked .

Western, scalded, med. size.

Southern and Southwestern,

scalded .

Western and Southwestern,

poor to fair .

Spring ducks, Long Island and

Eastern .

Pennsyl vania and Virginia..

Squabs, prime, large, white

dozen . 2.50

Mixed . • . 2.12

Dark . 1.50

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers . 4.10 @5.80

Bulls . 3.00 @4.35

Cows . 1.75 @4.40

Calves, veal . 5.50 @7.75

Culls . . 2.00 @4.00

Sheep . 3.00 @4.75

Lambs . 6.00 @8.75

Ilogs . 6.00 @6.25

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale jobbers’ prices.

Pennyroyal, lb . 1.00 @1.10

Peppermint . 2.75 @3.30

Sassafras . 50 @ 55

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Tansy . 3.65 @4.00

WIntergreen . 1.65 @2.00

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers.. 5 @

Seconds . 25 @

Fine wrappers . 60 @

N. Y. State fillers . 3 @

Average running lots . 5 @

Pennsylvania broadleaf Bs. . . . 13 @

Va. shipping com. lugs . 6 @

Com. to med. leaf . 7%@

Med. to good leaf . 9 @

Good to fine leaf . 11 %@

Louisville hurley com. lugs. . . 10 @

Med. to good lugs . . .... 11 %@

Com. to good leaf . 10 '@

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots,
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher,
soda scarce and temporarily high.

Nitrate of soda . —

Muriate of potash . — ■

Acid phosphate . —

Kainit . —

Dried blood . —

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots. lb. — @

Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb. — @

10

35

70

5

12

14
6%
8%

10
12%
11 %
13%

15

Single bag
Nitrate of

@53.00

@43.00

@13.00

@12.50

@48.00

5%

2%

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply rad
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

FOR SALE CHEAP

A SMALL ORCHARD,

within three miles of the City of Geneva.

PRODUCTIVE AND DESIRABLE

For information, address
Post Office Pox 323, Geneva, N. Y.

W MITCH-4 weekly supply of Fresh Eggs and
TV AH I CU nice Broilers, preferred from re-
iable poultry yards and daily collectors. Highest
prices given and prompt payments weekly. Address
JAMES WILCOX, Box 414, Westerly, Rhode Island.

Learn Telegraphy & R. R. Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You don’t pay us until you have a posi¬
tion. Largest system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed hy all railway officials. Operators always
in demand. Ladiesalso admitted. Write for catalog.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY,

Cincinnati, O., Buffalo, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga., La Crosse,
Wis., Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco, Cal.

WANTED.

Peaches. Plums, Berries. Apples, Potatoes and all
vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc. We can secure highest
market prices for choice products. Write us what
you have to offer Market information and packing
instructions on request.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.
GEO. P. HAMMOND. F.ST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCK, Apples, Peaches. Berries.
Butter, Eggs. Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little 12th St., New York,

New York State Veterinary College

of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Free tuition to New York State Students. Extended
announcement. Address

Prof. JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director.

USEFUL BOOKS

Sent postpaid hy Rural New-Yorker at
prices named :

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Cabbage, Gregory . j . 30

Fertilizers, Voorhees . . 1.00

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

A B C of Bee Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book, Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, Lodeman . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . r,0

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00
A Woman's Hardy Garden. Mrs. Ely. . . 1.75
Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

Campbell's Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.00

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser, Law . 3.00

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting aud Marketing, Waugh 1.00

Feeding of Animals, Jordan . 1.25

Feeds and Feeding, Henry . 2.00

Everybody’s Paint Book. Gardner . 1.00

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Asparagus Culture, Ilexamer . 50

Animal Breeding, Shaw . 1.50

Business Hen, Collingwood . 75

Cauliflower, Crozier . 50

Corn Judging, Shamel . 50

Celery for Profit, Greiner . 50

Domestic Sheep, Stewart . 1.50

Evolution of Our Native Fruits, Bailey. 2.00

Errors About Plants, Crozier . 25

Farm Poultry, Watson . 1.25

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

Fumigation Methods, Johnson . 1.00

Garden Making, Ilunn aud Bailey . 1.00

Greenhouse Construction, Taft . 1.50

Greenhouse Management. Taft . 1.50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

Harris on the Pig . 1.00

How to Plan the Home Grounds, Parsons 1.00

Home Science Cook Book . 1.11

How to Plant a Place, Long . 10

Handbook of Conversation, Peabody . 50

Handkerchief Garden, Barnard . 10

Heather, Wallace . 1.50

How Crops Feed, S. W. Johnson . 1.50

How Crops Grow, S. W. Johnson . 1.50

Hedges, Windbreaks and Shelters, Powell .50

Irrigation and Drainage, King . 1.50

Insects Injurious to Staple Crops, San¬
derson . 1.50

Life of the Bee, Maeterlinck . 1.40

Landscape Gardening, Long . 25

Landscape Gardening, Waugh . 50

The Rural Naw-Yo:rkeb, New Yokk.

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11 = 16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features of
the Fair. Entries close in this Department,
August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK,

The best birds in the country on exhibition.
All the latest improvements used in the handling
aud care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to be greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies.
Entries close September 4.

s. c

FIRM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
best features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will be up to tlie usual high standard and prom¬
ises to he larger than ever. Entries close Sept. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit and Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit ever given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

SEND FOK PK1ZE LIST.
SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

REMEMBER *

WHEN YOU WANT

DRAIN TILE

a

The Kind That Lasts Forever.

W7rite for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE %

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Lesa to Bun. Ouickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. Send FOR Catalogue. TUE TEMPLE PUMP CO*, Mfra., Meagher A 15th Sta., Chicago* THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR.

**• > — *—

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

56i

PUBLISHERS DESK.

Postmaster-General Cortelyou has issued
fraud orders against the People’s United
States Bank, its officers and agents, and
E. S. Lewis, of St. Louis, Mo. Mr.
Lewis is the publisher of the Woman’s
Magazine, and has been booming the bank
through that paper. The bank has been
in operation about seven months, and has
a paid-up capital stock of $2,000,000. It
was organized to do an exclusive mail
order business, and all of the money was
contributed by out-of-town people by mail.
Lewis made false and fraudulent repre¬
sentations in his advertisements to the
effect that he would subscribe for one-
half the stock himself, that the board of
directors should be independent men con¬
nected with St. Louis banks, and that
none of the funds should be loaned to
himself or other directors. He did not
subscribe for a dollar’s worth of the stock,
but helped himself liberally to the money
subscribed by the public, having loaned to
himself and his enterprises nearly one-
half of the amount contributed by sub¬
scribers. It is said that he applied for and
secured proxies for himself for the greater
part of the stock held by the people. His
scheme was to increase the capital stock
to $5,000,000, and was asking remittances
on that basis. * It is stated that from a half
to two-thirds of the total amount con¬
tributed by the people forms an asset that
the authorities can get at, and it is hoped
that this can be returned to the contri¬
butors. By request of Secretary of State
Swanger, of Missouri, Hon. Seldon P.
Spencer was appointed receiver of the
bank, and took immediate possession. It
is said that there are 65,000 stockholders,
all told, and that 8,655 of these reside in
New York State. The receiver expects to
pay depositors in full on demand, but the
65,000 stockholders are not likely to get
over 50 per cent of the money they paid in.

The result of the Postmaster-General’s
investigation simply confirms the suspi¬
cions we have entertained from the start
about this enterprise. It was plain enough
that Mr. Lewis wanted the use of other
peopled money. The advertising showed
that for itself. Six months or more ago
we cautioned our readers against this en¬
terprise and advised them to keep their
money in their pockets. We hope they
did so. Needless to say the advertising
never appeared in The R. N.-Y. ; but
pages of it appeared in many farm papers.
Indeed, a large advertisement of one of
these enterprises appears this month in
one of them.

Mr. A. S. Archer, of Pittsfield, Ill., re¬
ports that the Jackson county nurseries,
Bosky Dell, Ill., filled his order with dried
up strawberry plants, that they promised
to refill the order, but sent another dried-
up lot which he could not use and would
not accept. The shipper refused to pay
the transportation charges, and allowed the
plants to perish, and refuses to make good
to Mr. Archer. They refuse to make any
reply to inquiries regarding the complaint
and we simply give the facts for the in¬
formation of other growers.

Another case is reported by Mr. Nelson
W. Cheney, Eden, N. Y. Mr. Cheney
ordered a brooder of J. A. Bennett &
Sons, Gouverneur, N. Y., to be shipped by
freight, sending draft for $6.50. The ship¬
ment was delayed, but the brooder finally
came by express. The shippers wrote
Mr. Cheney to pay the express charges,
send them the receipt and they would
promptly remit. This he did. but they do
not remit, and refuse to answer his let¬
ters. He says they also guaranteed satis¬
faction with the brooder, but it was not
satisfactory, and they pay no attention to
his complaint. We also asked them for an
explanation, and have received no reply.
Neither of these parties has ever adver¬
tised in The R. N.-Y., and after such
complaints they never can. It is not pleas¬
ant to have to report such petty annoy¬
ances ; but some of these people who have
been dealing by mail with farmers have
been having their own way about the

transaction after they got their fingers on
the money. The amount is small, the
farmer cannot afford to go to law about
it, and in many cases could not realize
even if he got judgment from the court.
Knowing this the seller sends what he
happens to have, usually taking his time
about it, and then simply refuses to an¬
swer letters of complaint. After a time
the farmer gets tired of writing and lets
it go. The seller goes on looking for
more victims. We may not be able to
stop this sort of thing altogether, but we
give these people notice now that The
R. N.-Y. subscribers at least are going to
have a word of warning. Mistakes will
often occur in business transactions, but
these are easily corrected, and we advise
patience and allowances in such cases
where the parties show a ^disposition to do
the right thing; but we confess to little
patience ourselves with those concerns
who pay no attention to a reasonable com¬
plaint.

There are few houses, however, at the
present time who would try to take ad¬
vantage of a customer. No house can
afford to do it. It is only the poor ones
that try it. 1 hese will often quote prices
lower than a responsible house can make
for honest goods, but you need never ex¬
pect more from them than you pay for
and seldom get that.

With a responsible house the condi¬
tions are different. They advertise to
make their goods known, and want every
piece of goods sent out to be a standing
advertisement for them that they may sell
more in the same locality. From such
manufacturers and dealers one 'is pretty
sure to get his money’s worth, at all times,
and in the case of their “leaders” one
often gets decided bargains. The house
that sells by mail is in competition with
the whole country in his line, and his prices
must be right to get the trade. His treat¬
ment must be fair to hold it. We know
from personal contact with these houses
that they are exerting every effort to sell
reliable goods at a fair price, and to merit
the confidence and trade of the public.
When we find houses that cannot be
trusted we simply refuse their advertising,
and when we can find proof of their trick¬
ery we like to expose it. There are, of
course, many good and responsible houses
who never advertise in The R. N.-Y. But
all we feel called upon to do is to guar¬
antee the houses who do advertise with
us. We take pains to see that they are
reliable and responsible, and we guarantee
them to be so. We are often able to assist
our subscribers to adjust claims against
others and we are always glad to do what
we can at any time, but, of course, assume
full responsibility only with our own ad¬
vertisers.

PRODUCTS, PRICES AHD TRADE.

Plenty op Whales. — Reports from Nome.
Alaska, state that three whalers recently ar¬
rived there with the product of 10 whales,
one ship having taken five. The total amount
of whalebone realized was 19,100 pounds .

Great Lemon Weather. — The heat in this
city has been bearing on for about a week,
making a great call for lemon drinks. Prices
realized have been the highest for four years,
fancy European lemons having wholesaled at
more than $6 per box of 300, and 360s as
high as $4.50.

Glass Going Up. — As the glass trust evi¬
dently “needs the money” a 10-per-cent ad¬
vance has been put on window glass, the rea¬
son given being that window glass “is
scarce.” This will be cheerful information
for those who have been paying the extrav¬
agant prices asked for this product during the
last few years.

Apples. — Old apples are practically out ot
the market, though here and there a few
Spies, Baldwins and Russets are seen. The
new apples on hand run largely poor. Some
may have been all right when shipped, but
Astrachan apples go to pieces easily. The
prices quoted cover a fair range of sales, but
choice Astrachans. that is choice by the time
they get here, would bring more.

Pears. — Le Conte, from the South, make
quite a showing here at present. Though the
quality is not high, they come rather “be¬
tween hay and grass.” and go very well
Wilder is a variety not often seen.' Those
here at present from the Pacific coast run
about the size of a small Bartlett. The color
is too dull to be attractive, but the qualitv
is a surprise, as the flesh is melting and well
flavored.

Peaches. — There is not much in the pres¬
ent situation to encourage either growers or
consumers. The latter are looking in vain

for fruit of fair size that is ripe but not rot¬
ten, and growers will think 75 cents, gross,
per crate, a starvation price. There are some
good peaches here, but considerable looking is
needed to find them. The weather has been
hard on all sorts of perishable fruits on ac¬
count of excessive heat and that peculiar
state of the atmosphere well described as
muggy. I have tried about all the varieties
of peaches seen the past week. Ilale’s Early
is easily the best, Waddell next, and Lady
Ingold third. I have seen no Elberta or Car¬
man yet that even fairly represented those
varieties.

Cherries have been selling very well,
choice black having brought as much as
cents per pound: white, 10, and sour, seven.
These prices were only for those that had
been carefully picked. No fruit shows bruises
worse than the cherry, yet I have seen people
claw them off the tree and drop them with a
thud in the bottom of a deep tin pail, contin¬
uing to throw in until the pail was nearly
full, afterward pouring them into something
else. This week I have noticed cherries here
that were evidently picked in just this way.
covered with sticky juice, which catches dust
and draws flies. All picking vessels for cher¬
ries should be shallow so as, to avoid having
a crushing weight on the bottom ones. It
does not take much longer to do a good job
of picking than a poor one. With the bulk
of eastern cherries it probably will not pay to
take the extreme care that California hand¬
lers do, as the market for such high-priced
cherries is limited, but it is easy to throw
away any cherries that are crushed rather
than put them in the basket: to grab a little
less wildly at the bunches on the tree, and to
break the connection with stem and twig in¬
stead of pulling the stem loose. Of course
the stem should always be left on the cherry.
One of the special advantages in handling
perishable fruit carefully is that, in case of
a glutted market, it may be held for a short
time and perhaps sold to much better advan¬
tage. Whereas fruit that is already “going"
when the receiver gets it must be disposed of
at once or thrown away.

Cotton. — The market continues wild. Bad
weather in the South following the unfav¬
orable Government report, has kept things
moving.. But there is no special reason to
get excited over the ups or to mourn over
the downs of the cotton brokers. A large
number of them are mere parasites, living on
the grower and mill man. The cotton goods
dealers are in a state of uncertainty, not
knowing what price level the raw product Is
going to take, or how much advance the trade
will. stand, but cotton cloth has gone up, and
retail buyers will soon be able to figure out
the size of their contributions to the fat in¬
comes of the middlemen. There can he no
objection to an advance in the price of cot¬
ton goods caused by crop shortage, but to pay
even a fraction of a cent per yard increase
merely because some man sees fit to make a
few millions in creating a shortage by corner¬
ing all the cotton he can get hold of. goes
hard. I have been told that in the average
horse trade, cow deal and business transac¬
tions of many small merchants there is as
much sharp practice and crookedness as is
ever found in the acts of the plunging spec¬
ulator. and it is looked upon only as “good
business.” This is quite true. The princi¬
ple, or lack of It, In each case is the same.
The big offender is no worse in intention, per¬
haps. but he can do more damage, as, for in¬
stance. when a man sticeeds in locking up a
necessity of life affecting hundreds of thou¬
sands. From investigations now made public
it would seem that some of the speculators
have been, using Uncle Sam’s pre-publlshed
crop statistics to fill their pocketbooks. But
the disclosures of treachery on the part of
Government employees are scarcely more sur¬
prising than the laxity of oversight which
would permit such a thing to exist until
^topped by a protesting howl from outsiders.
The punishment of a scapegoat or two will
be a weak-kneed remedy. It is to be hoped
that the promised reorganization of the crop
statistics department will at least so modify
the plan of distributing these facts as to
avoid furnishing special aid to wildcat spec¬
ulators with business methods totally at va¬
riance with correct conceptions of good gov¬
ernment. h

A Little Gold Mine for Women

The U. S. Cook-Stove Fruit-Drier

Dries all kinds of Fruits, Berries.Chor-
ries. Corn, Vegetables, etc. It takes no
extra fire. Always ready for use, and
will last a lifetime. It works while you
cook. Write for circulars and special
terms to agents. PRICE, $5.

E, B. FAHRNEY,Boxi2o, Waynesboro, Pa.

FOR SALE OR EXCHARGE FOR HEIFERS.

A thoroughbred yearling GUERNSEY BULL: also
(tuernsey Bull Calf; a two-year-old registered Ayr¬
shire Bull, and a yearling Ayrshire Bull.

HILLTOP FARMS, Littleton, N. H.

WHITE PEKIN DUCKS.

Sixty-five fine breeders for sale, $1.50 each. What
am I offered for lot ?

DR. WEISS, Webb Hill, Stamford, Connecticut.

DID IT EVER OCCUR

to you that ANCHOR
FENCE will safe guard
your stock at all times
as well as your pocket-
book. Catalog free.

ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

HOMESEEKER’S GUIDE.

DO YOU KNOW about the “Eastern
Shore” of Maryland? We publish a
Homeseeker’s Guide in the interest
of those desiring to purchase good
homes. Write for it, it is free to you.

J. A. JONES & Co.,

SALISBURY. MARYLAND

rriTi'Hrw-wtBduv

to you in one year. You are not at the
mercy of buyers’ weights. Weigh

Weigh ,

I your own grain and live stock, then if there is I
i shrinkage you can account for it.

NO PIT TO DIG.

I Sits on top of ground. Can be moved any¬
where. Saves $30.00 to $50.00 on first cost and
always accurate and in order. Tested against
I highest price standard scales and found O. K.

11 1 costs nothing to investigate the Knodig,
hut if you need scales it saves you a lot.
Don't you want the Knodig catalog?

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE COM
2 1 02 Wyandotte St.( Kansas City, Mo.

The WAGON to BUY.

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS wagoanlsl

Your address on a postal will bring you freo catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

i- PLEASURE WITH BEES -i

A free booklet is yours — also a free copy of Glean¬
ings in Bee Culture. (6 months' trial 25c. ) They
tell how easily and safely bees are handled; how
pleasurable, fascinating and profitable bee-keep¬
ing is. Write now. Don’t wait. Late copy free.

A. I. BOOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO

SQUABS

Good breeders raise good squabs. Good squabs
bring good prices. A good plant (like ours) sup¬
plies only good breeders. Write us.

BROAD VALLEY FARM, WOBURN, MASS.

SQUABS

bring big prices. Money
makers tor poultrymen,
farmers, women.

Send for our Free Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence invited '

" '’Plymouth Rock Squab Co., v .
>335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass

CHOICE Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

ADVERTISER HAS FOR SALE

ONE HUNDRED PAIRS OF FINE
MATED AND ACCI IMATKD
BREEDING

uve

which he must sell at once. Address,

H. P., Box 1020, New York City.

Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs. Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. (>U p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford. Pa,

u.

M II

hilandale farm

nniic LcunutiN*

\ earlings 75 cents.

” ‘ Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Fonr promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

CholceStoch forSale.— Rocks, Wyandotte?, Legh' ms
Mtnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.: dozen. 5Uc.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs
for 15; $3 for r>0; $5 for 100. Hal f price after
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio

une

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
1 rios, $5: Eggs, $1 per 15: $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIM5IER BROS. R. D, 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White,

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get > he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page Illustrated Oroington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years ate in tuese yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chicks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely self regulating. Price $6.50
,«nd up. Send for 212 p.go (8x1 1 Inches) catalogue
and poultry puide. Free, if you tend us names of
two friends interested in good poultry. Write to
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

STRICTLY
lAUTOMATIC
THROUGHOUT

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, Noe York, Kansas Cl”o7 SMlrMdsco.

□ HU!

rUUL ,111 Is&s&sj

^POULTRY LIN E— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything- — J
lit s our business. Call or let us send you!
hour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
)asking — it's worth having. J

iExcelsior Wire <c Poultry Supply Co.,<

-J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City, t

OQQQQ&ZQQQQQOQQQQQQQQQQQcl

N EGG FACTORY

A I

must be furnished the proper raw
materials to keep going to its full
capacity. HARVEY’S Electric
Poultry Foot! will keep your hens busy in
winter when eggsare’aigh — lots more money
in winter eggs; you ought to feed for it.
Write for our free catalogue — tells how.
IlarTcy Seed Co., 88 Elllcott St., Buffalo.N. Y.

562

THE RURAL

NEW-YORKER.

July 22,

A TALK ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS.

Bovine tuberculosis is a most diffi¬
cult problem. There is a general indispo¬
sition to deal fairly when discussing meth¬
ods. It was especially unfortunate about
12 years ago to have our State Board of
Health undertake to slaughter every ani¬
mal that should respond to tuberculin. In
the first place, such action would have
been (and would be now) a physical im¬
possibility. No State administration
would stand an appropriation large
enough, even granting that the assumed
minimum per cent (seven) of our dairy
cows and young things are infected. New
York, with its 1,600,000 cows, would have
112,000 to pay for. Fixing an average of
$25 each makes a total of $2,800,000. To
execute such a law even within reasonable
time, would cost nearly or quite as much
more. Here is over five million dollars to
take out the presently infected animals at
a low cost, and we must not forget that
another slaughter would follow from ani¬
mals in which the disease was incubating.
There is a lack of evidence sufficient to
convince the popular mind that bovine tu¬
berculosis is transmissible to humans. It
would seem from the present knowledge
that the laymen cannot judiciously say
there is no danger. I hope the final out¬
come will prove there is no danger, but
let us wait before we sit idly with a clear
conscience. Bovine tuberculosis at the
present time should be viewed and dealt
with from the money side. If a cow dies,
the loss is complete. Why not then, as
cattle owners, begin a systematic weeding
out of suspicious animals, as shown by the
tuberculin test? Such action calls for no
legislation, no great excitement or scare.
You may find one, two or more; convert
them into beef, and if upon slaughter no
generalized disease is found, use them, for
food. If the disease is advanced they arc
a menace to the whole herd, and would
cause a damage far in excess of value.

Tuberculin Test. — But it is said the
test is unreliable. What other means
have we? Shall we wait until the disease
has so far advanced that a physical exam¬
ination quickly reveals the trouble? Ibis
is the main Argument of those who oppose
the test. The main objection, and a vital
one, is the danger of contamination from
this one animal herding with other stock
prior to the visible appearance of the dis¬
ease. I am not going into the literature
of this disease. There has already been
too much mystery thrown around it. I
would like to throw off some of the mys¬
tery and open up the case where non-
scientific cattle owners, like myself, can
see and practice from a business point of
view. Any good careful level-headed
farmer can by a little practice and study,
use tuberculin. 1 would rather trust to this
kind of a man honestly engaged in free¬
ing his herd from disease, than to one-half
of the inexperienced men who would be
sent out to do the work under a manda¬
tory statute. The purely mechanical side
of the test is simply a question of care.
The good judgment comes in, in taking
into consideration the condition of the ani¬
mals that are not normal, or any disturb¬
ance that would produce a rise or fall of
temperature.

Personal Experience. — Both my herds
have been tested ; five animals gave at
one reading a very slight rise in temper¬
ature and then dropped back to the herd
normal. After submitting the readings, both
initial and subsequent, to Dr. V. A. Moore,
of the New York State Veterinary Col¬
lege, he advised watching these cows and
retesting in the Fall. He said they could
not be condemned now, but were suspi¬
cious. They will be examined in proper
time and disposed of if reaction follows.
It will be observed that I have kept away
from technical terms; our trained men

can use them. I am not debating the cer¬
tainty of tuberculin ; just accepting the fact
that we have no other means of detection.
No one disputes the disease; all acknowl¬
edge its presence. Can stock owners af¬
ford to ignore the disease from a dollar
point of view, leaving out the humanitar¬
ian side of the question? Won’t it be
more profitable to lose one cow outright
by slaughter than run the risk of con¬
tamination? Expensive execution of law
that does not bring its full fruition would
then be avoided. It costs as much to exe¬
cute the law as it does to pay for the cat¬
tle. Is not this self-confessed position after
all the only true solution of a presently
vexed question? I used this argument
on the institute platform several times last
Winter, coupled with the fact that I was
practicing the plan myself. Not a man
took any exception to the scheme, and it
is the first plan that has been presented
in my presence in 12 years that lias not
been vigorously fought. Brush away the
mystery, treat the disease rationally, and
defeat the law-makers and law-breakers.
Am I right? h. e. cook.

MAKING SILAGE IN FLORIDA.

I have been feeding silage for the past
18 years, and have had no trouble in
preserving it. I am now using two un¬
derground silos, with a combined capa¬
city of 165 tons. I have tried several dif¬
ferent crops for filling, such as cow peas,
Velvet beans, and Kaffir-corn. They all
kept well and made a fair quality of sil¬
age, but 1 think that in point of economy
and quality of feed, there is nothing to
compare with fodder corn. The corn
should be cut when the grain begins to
glaze, or as our southern farmers will
understand best, when the fodder is ready
to pull, which should be about the last of
July or first of August. However, it is
seldom that we can wait quite this late,
as the corn begins to fire, and unless
there is sufficient rain to keep the lower
leaves green there will be more loss than
gain by waiting. Sometimes in a very
dry season we have to cut before the corn
quite reaches the roasting ear stage.
There is but one special precaution neces¬
sary to keep silare in this or any other
climate, and that is to pack thoroughly,
and if your silo be square, special care
must be taken in packing the sides, ends
and corners.

I have never fed silage later than July
15, though I see no reason why it should
not keep all Summer. However, we do
not need silage here after June 1, as
there arc so many green crops that can be
fed direct from the field. I do not con¬
sider that there is any room for com¬
parison between silage and dry fodder for
this locality, as owing to our uncertain
climate it is impractical to shock our corn.

Leon Co., Florida. r. f. Bradford.

MANGE ON CALF.

I have a calf four weeks old. When
it was four days old I weaned. It,
and fed it on skimmed and new milk
mixed. I noticed in a couple of days a
breaking out under its chin, and this has
spread down to its fore legs and up over its
ears. The hair has all come off. I thought
probably it was mange, and as I saw advice
in The It. N.-Y. some time ago to use kero¬
sene oil and lard every three days, I have
been using it, but it seems as though the
trouble keeps spreading. Will you tell me
what the trouble is, and what will cure it?

Menlo, Ga. G. e. p.

It is surprising to know how fast the
trouble spreads on a young calf, if he is kept
in a damp, cool place. The oil and lard work
well on older cattle, but as the little mites
thrive and spread so fast on a young calf,
very few think of trying to get the start of
them. PeThaps the best way is to wash the
calf once a week with tobacco water, or
some good sheep dip. for about six weeks.

M, D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

\* hen you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

MONEY!

Cows will give 15 to 20 per
cent more milk if protected
from the torture of flies with

CHILD'S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY.

Kills flies and all insects; protects horses as well
as cows. Perfectly harmless to man and beast
Rapidly applied with Child’s Electric Sprayer.
80 to 50 cows sprayed in a few minutes. A true
antiseptic; keeps stables, chicken houses, pig
pens in a perfectly sanitary condition.

Auk dealer for Child’s 80-B08-S0 or send $1 (special
price) for 1-gal can and Sprayer complete by express.

CHAS. H. CHILDS A CO., Sole Manufacturers,
24 LaFayette Street, Utica, N.Y.

SHOO -FLY ~

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest off Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
Bincc 1885. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, seud us $1.00,
will return latest Improved 3-Tubc Sprayer and enough “ Shoo-
Fly ” to protect 200 cows. Name Kxp. Office. Free Booklet.

SH00-FLY MFC. CO., 1026 Fairmnnnt, Philadelphia, Fa.

EDITOR knows from experience 4 ' Shoo-Fly ” is O. K.

KENDALL’S SPAVIN CURE

Continues to be the one reliable

remedy for Spavins, Ring¬
bones, Curbs, Splints and

all forms of lameness.

KENDALL’S SPAVIN CURE

cures promptly, permanently, with¬
out ecar. fl a bottle. 6 for |5. All
^ruegiets. Unequalled for fnmlly use.
Book, A Treatise on thi II >r* .free-

Dr. B. J. KENDALL CO.
Enosburg Falls, Vermont.

L. E. OKTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER G5000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

IF" Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

Good Feeders. Very Hardy.

THE JERSEY RED
SOWS and PIGS.

The FREE Catalogue Explains,

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

Springbank

Berkshires

A fine lot of 7 Aug. *WIWWIP and Sept. Boars,
and some fine July and Aug.Farrowed Sows, just right
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state just
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct.

Large English berkshires-

Maie* and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, $5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D„ Lake Co., Ohio.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton &Co., Ercildoun, Chester < o.. Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Sr1-

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

Breeders’ Directory

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

II O Ls TEI N -FR 1JESI AN S
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kiud you want write or come to see
them, lib to select from. Animals of both sex„es
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you. '

A special offer on some nicely bred Bi ll Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
bestdairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa

Registered jerseys-4 iieifors, 2 to 14 mos.; 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

It Kills every Insect.
Karbo.

Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, III.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires ns
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Ivorndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM. Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

GUERNSEY CATTLE )

Chester White Swine \ Stock "n o’w

on sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
you posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lfxington, Ky.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailing for Europe personally to select
and. bring over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings; $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret, N.J

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs oi
trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Oincinnatus. V. Y.

-W'' ----- -- - - .J,

1 kind. Nelson's Oollie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

CCTTCD PilPC for sale. For prices & descriptions.
OLl I Ln ruro write W. e. TODD, Williston. Md.

BELGIAN HARE S .

Choice bred and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

AYRSHIRE BULLS, COWS AND HEIFERS.

As I am over stocked, I will sell four Bulls from
one year old down to six weeks old; all from the best
Dairy Stock in America with long teats. Also two
fine Heifer Calves and two Cows. I can furnish pairs
not related. Address, U. E. HATCH, V. S., Gaines¬
ville, Wyoming County, N. Y.

WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERO

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 0346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 0310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deatiie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie, 476.2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest or
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 18 first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorkkk in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.MARCOU.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A GREAT OFFERING ! !

I will sell you a choicely bred, registered Holstein-
Friesian Service Bull, a registered Cow, or a Calf of
either sex, in short, anything that you want, guaran¬
teeing full satisfaction. You need not pay unless you
are satisfied.

$5,000 EGv^yr,ahTnegesSrd $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Rronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N.Y.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April farrow! Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

E. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pharsalia, N. Y.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co„ N. Y,

i nos.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

563

FARM AND DAIRY NOTESl
Cow with Caked Udder.

I have a cow with a caked udder since the
last of January, having tried different cures,
but without effect. What would you advise
me lo do? Will she be all right again when
she comes in shortly ? w. b.

Croswell, Mich.

If the udder is hard I should dispose of
tiie cow in some way, as 1 have not known
of one coming around all right after it had
been hard so long a time. Bathing with
hot water and vigorous rubbing has been
the most efficient cure that we have tried.
The sooner one takes the trouble in hand
after it is discovered, the quicker will re¬
lief come. After these cases become
chronic they are hard to cure. When the
udder is not hard after garget troubles we
have known several cows to come around
all straight; have now in our barn a cow
that we bought with three teats, but she
has had four perfect teats since she came
fresh with us.

Ration for Milch Cow.

How can I make up a ration for a milch
cow with the following feeds? Wheat, bran,
white and brown middlings, dairy chop, dis¬
tilled malt, then dried ; cornmeal, oil meal,
clover hay. Cotton-seed meal, gluten meal,
hominy, corn distillers' grains, are not for
sale. w. j. f.

If we grew the cornmeal named in this
list we would make a mixture of three
parts each bran, and cornmeal and two
parts oil meal, feeding six to eight pounds
per day on an average to medium-sized
cows weighing about 800 pounds. We
would give them all the clover hay they
would eat up reasonably clean. If the
cornmeal must be purchased we should
prefer a mixture of two parts bran mid¬
dlings, two parts malt and one part oil
meal, with clover hay as above. Cotton¬
seed meal, gluten and the corn distillers
grains ought to be for sale in your local¬
ity, and cheaper than they can he bought
here. Your feed dealers ought to be la¬
bored with by farmers to keep the highest
class of feeds.

Crain Ration for Cows.

I would like a little advice in regard to a
proper and profitable grain ration for my
cows. Mr. Manchester is not in favor of
using cornmeal where it has to he purchased,
but in my case corn is one of my very best
crops, and I cannot very well dispense with
it. My farm is new, quite a large part of it
being as yet covered with briers, small oak
saplings and large pine stumps, which I am
pulling out as fast as I can and clearing the
land for good farming. As yet I do not have
very much hay, only for my horses, and have
to use corn fodder for my main feed for cows
in the Winter. I would like to know what
is best to mix with cornmeal to make a good
balanced ration for cows giving milk. My
practice has been to use wheat bran, equal
parts by weight, but it is expensive, costing
here $25 per ton : cotton-seed meal can be
bought in Jackson, 120 miles away, for $27 :
linseed meal about the same. I have no silo;
would it pay me to get one for only four to
six COWS? E. H.

Stanton, Mich.

Corn fodder alone fed dry does not make
the most palatable ration, but where you
keep only four to six cows I should hard¬
ly recommend a silo, as the silage from the
the ordinary-sized silo would hardly be
used fast enough to prevent considerable
spoiling. I would advise using a cutter
and putting enough hot water on a pile
sufficient for a feed twelve hours before
using, and cover with sacks or blankets to
soften the fodder, and put.it in such shape
that the cows would eat it better. The
price of cotton-seed meal is not unreason¬
able, and I believe you can afford to feed
it. Certainly if we raised the corn as you
do we should feed cornmeal. The price
given for bran seems higher than it ought
to be, as it has retailed for $25 or less
here for the past year, and must he hauled
hundreds of miles farther from the pro¬
ducing section than at your place. It is,
however, almost a necessity to a healthy
ration, and I would try to use a little at
least. A mixture of three parts cornmeal,
one part each bran and cotton-seed, feed¬
ing five to nine pounds daily to the cows,
depending on quantity given, etc., with
what fodder they will eat, will make a good
ration. Can you not grow some oats and
peas to cut for fodder, or saved and the

grain ground and straw fed as is many
times done? The early-cut oats and peas
cured would give a roughage feed highly
appreciated with the corn fodder and it is
a good milk producer. If you could in¬
crease the dairy to 10 or more cows, with
some young stock, a silo would help you
immensely, and with a little each equal
parts cotton-seed meal, bran and corn-
meal, I believe you could produce milk
much more easily at less cost.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

PLAN FOR A HOGHOUSE

Can you give me plans and suggestions
for a hoghouse? I want a building about
10x30 or 32 feet, so it will be large enough
for three good roomy pens; also to have
room for a good sized arch with kettles for
cooking vegetables, feeding, etc., and for heat¬
ing water for butchery and such work. I
want second story high enough so we can
have room for storing corn on one side (corn-
crib) and feed bins on other. I am not
decided whether to use cement for floors, es¬
pecially where hogs sleep. I am afraid it
will be too cold and damp for them on ce
ment. Why would it not. do to cement, it
all with rough top so hogs cannot slip, and
then put plank over cement for sleeping
pens, bedding 4x4 in cement, when laid to
hold (he plank? Also, what kind of feeding
troughs are best, iron or those made of
plank? If latter, how made and how deep
Would it not be well to have trough in one
pen shallow for small pigs?

Victor, N. Y. l. g. l.

As three pens are wanted, I would have
the building stand north and south, and

put the pens in the south end, and one
on east or west side, joining an end pen.
L. G. L. can determine on which side he
prefers this third pen. The end pens will
be of good size, 8x12. Let the end pen
adjoining the side pen be 8x14 feet. This
will give an opportunity to put the feed
in all pens from the corner where they
all meet. The sleeping part of the end
pens should be in south end; for the
other pen in the end farthest away from
the end pens. The space left lying at
north end of side having two pens, six
feet, and that north of single pen at end
on east side can be used for putting in
furnace, and for butcher room. I would
put the furnace in the six-foot space, us¬
ing as much across the end as needed.
The remainder of vacant space I would
use for mixing feed, and as a run for
the young pigs when they begin to eat,
and are fed apart from their dams, and
at butchering time use it for that purpose.

I would put up this building in such a
way that it can be easily put to other
uses for stock. When the pens are put
in, make the panels interchangeable, so
they can easily be put in place if they are
once taken out. If you want to feed large
hogs the pens can readily be changed to
one. The way these pens are put in, an
outside pen can be built for each one,
and this- should he done, and much of the
feeding be done outside. In fact, get
young pigs on the ground as soon as
possible, or at least give them the chance
to have their choice.

Now as to the cement floor. I would

cement the whole floor, the furnace and
butchery, as well as the pig stalls. First,
secure perfect drainage for the soil under
and around the building. If planks are
used over the cement, they are sure to
be damp. I would slope the floor of the
pens toward the room where the feed is
prepared, and the young pigs fed. This
will keep the back part of the pens dry.
The cement floor should be well covered
with straw in the nest part of the pens
at any rate In finishing the floors of
the pens, use a wooden trowel to float
with; this will leave a rough finish by
bringing the sand to the top, whereas a
metal trowel will bring the cement to the
top, and leave a smooth finish. I would
have a cement wall around the whole
floor excepting at the doorways ; this
wall to be at least four inches above the
floor. I like a flat-bottomed, wooden
trough, say 10 inches wide, and four deep,
and as many feet long as desired. For
young pigs make it smaller in every way,
but after the same plan. I have had no
experience with iron troughs, but am sure
they cannot be as convenient as wooden
ones, made to meet the present wants of
the feeder. I would not build a very
extensive furnace for cooking, for this
work is seldom satisfactory as regards
the feeding part, and never profitable as
an investment. Build high enough to
store grain, straw, and hay, upstairs. The
latter will be convenient if other stock
than hogs is kept in the building. By
keeping the pens well bedded, there will
be no use of a plank floor, and is, in
fact, better without plank.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

Food Value of Milk.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

lUelghtONLTJ
1 ft. 4 In. ,

I /BUY IT NOW

PAY FOR IT
NEXT YEAR

By this plan the Ni atlonsl Sep¬
arator earns its own cost faster
than y ou need it. Money refunded
any time if machine fails to keep
our promises. Write for full partic¬
ulars about this plan. The

NATIONAL

Separator skims to a trace;
easiest to run, simplest to clean,
most durable. Write for Book oO,
which tells why. Ageuts wanted.
The Hastings Industrial Co.t
General Sales Agents,

La Salle k Lake Sts. , Chicago.
Manufactured by
National Dairy flaehiae Co.,
Newark, N* J.

^2 Cream
Separator

FORS25.00 we .ell the
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR. capacity, 200
per hour; S50 poundsea-
hour for 529.00:
capacity per hour for
Guaranteed the
that RE-
at from

o $125.00.

OUR OFFER. ywoeuw."s:SLp-

rator on our 30 day.' free trial
plan, with the binding- under¬
standing and agreement If you
do not find Dy comparison,
test and use that It will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to u. at our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepald for freight
charge* or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once and mail
to us, and you will receive
by return mall, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

P. D., Waymart, Pa. — What Is the value

of the amount of animal food contained in
a 40-quart can of separated milk, also a 40-
quart can of buttermilk?

Ans. — Assuming the can of milk to
weigh 85 pounds, the following figures
will give a fair comparison :

FOOD IN 85 POUNDS.

Pro¬

tein.

Fat

Form¬

ers.

Fat.

Skim-milk .

... 3

4 Vi

0.6

Ruttermilk .

2</a

4 >/.

.08

Cornmeal .

t>

53

2.78

Wheal, bran .

10

38

2.1

Oats .

30

3.3

Clover hay .

ti

32

1.0

Green grass .

»>

8.4

0.3

When Chicks Die. — First year chicks were
enclosed in run, but for the past two years
the hens have had free range with their
brood. This may be one reason why my
chicks have been quite free from the con¬
dition referred to on page 54 1>, excepting
in one instance and that was the first year,
when I lost quite a number of chicks that
way. But as soon as I gave them free
range, those that were not already affected
pulled through all right. I think that in
order to prevent this condition among chicks.
I would advise free range with plenty of
shade and water. I would also add a little
copperas to their drinking water.

Ohio. FRED KEYERLEBER.

WARRINER'S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
s&lo by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

LABEL-

liHIll

Dana’sJ'.'lmEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent* Wanted.

C. II. DANA, ?4Muln St., Went Lebanon, N.8,

Just tacts — that s ail you
want. Facts can’t hurt you nor Tubular Cream Separators.

Facts prove Tubulars outwear all other makes five to ten times over.

On August 2d, 1904, we started a No. 9 hand driven Dairy Tubular,
rated capacity 900 lbs. per hour, on the hardest test a separator was
ever put to — an endurance test to last until the wearing parts give
way. This Tubular has now run 50 hours a week for 43 weeks — and
is still running. Every week of this test is equal to a year’s service
in a ten cow dairy. No other separator made could stand such a test.

24 Years’ Work — No

Repairs

Hours run . 1,200

Pounds separated.. .. 1,080,000

Turns ol' crank . 8,155,760

Turns of bowl . 1,152,000,000

Oil used . 8 Quarts

Time oiling . About 4 min.

Time adjusting . None

Repairs . None

43 Years’ Work — 75c Repairs

Hours run . 2,150

Pounds separated. .. 1,985,000

Turns of crank . 5,652,070

Turns of bowl . 1,864,000,000

Oil used . . 5% quarts

Time oiling . About 7 min.

Time adjusting . 10 min.

Repairs . 75 cents

After 24 weeks, the balls in the
bowl showed wear. This was

frictionless bearing supporting the
natural, for each had rolled over
32,000 miles. Renewing balls cost only 75 cents and ten minutes ad¬
justing, yet made this Tubular as good as new. All Tubulars are equally
durable. Catalogue P-153 tells about them. Write for it today.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR. CO.

Toronto, Canada West Chester, Pa. Chicago, Illinois

564

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1 i/o J.

July

HUMOROUS

A leopardess said to her mate :

“We may be a little bit late

For the animal show ;

But really, you know,

I must see if my spots are on straight."

— The New Yorker.

Jack : “Her heart is as hard as glass.
I’ve little hope of making an impression
on it.” His Sister: “Why not try a
diamond ?” — Illustrated Bits.

Friend: “What was the result of the
consultation of doctors?” Invalid (glanc¬
ing at the receipted bill) : “It left me in
a very poor condition.” — Tit-Bits.

“Do you know a good tonic for nervous
persons, Simpkins?” “No; what I want
to find is a good tonic for people who
have to live with them. — Credit Lost.

Mary Ann. — “I’ve come to tell you.
mum, that th’ gasoline stove has gone
out.” Mistress: “Well, lirdit it a^ain.”
“I can't. Sure, it went out through th’
roof !”• — Cleveland Leader.

Sympathetic Lady: Very sad that
your husband should have lost his leg!
How did it happen?” Mrs. Muggles:
“Why, he got run over by one o’ these
’ere subtraction engines, Miss !” — Punch.

“You never hear of the Scadwells’ fam¬
ily skeleton nowadays,” observed Rivers.
“No,” said Brooks. “They have accumu¬
lated so many bones that everybody has
forgotten its existence.” — Chicago Tri¬
bune.

“He : “I think every woman is entitled
to be considered man’s equal.” She :
“Well, if she is willing to bring herself
down to his level, I don’t see why she
shouldn’t be allowed to pose as his equal.”

• — Illustrated Bits.

“What brought you here, my poor
man ?” asked the priscui visitor. “Aw !”
replied the convict, “jist fur tryin’ to flat¬
ter a rich man.” “The idea !” “Yes,
I jist tried to imitate his signature on a
check.” — Philadelphia Press.

Mabel, who was visiting in the coun¬
try, was sent to the barn, where the hired
man was shearing sheep, to look for her
grandpa. She soon returned and said :
“Him ain’t out there, ain’t nobody there
but a man peelin’ sheeps.” — Chicago News.

“What is the vermiform appendix?”
asked the teacher of the class in anatomy
and physiology. “It’s the little curlicue
on the inside of you,” responded Willie,
“that’s all right until you find out you
have got it, and then you have to get the
doctors to take it out.” — Chicago Tribune.

“I love all that is beautiful in art and
Nature,” she said, turning her dreamy
eyes to bis. “I revel in the green fields,
the babbling brooks, and the little way-
side flowers ; I feast on the beauties of
earth, and sky, and air; they are my daily

life and food, and - ” “Maudie !” cried

out the mother from the kitchen, not
knowing that her daughter’s beau was in
the drawing-room — “Maudie, whatever
made you go and gobble up that big dish
of mashed potatoes that was left over
from dinner? I told you we wanted them
warmed up for supper. If your appetite
isn’t enough to bankrupt your poor pa !”
-Tit- Bits.

When yon write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At W HOLES A I, E PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits, in use 61 p ars. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you.' Write for Samples.
0. W. lNGFPSO' ' , 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to Ket orders for our celebrated leas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts slid linking
(p.iwd-r. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
kvith every purchase, t HAKGISS PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. U.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 VeseySt., New York

CUTTERS and BLOWERS

Built on the right principle, combining eafetj fljwhoel, belt pulley and
feeding derive. Will elevate eaelly into any ello. Abo elloe, engine*,
borse povrer*. threeher* and hay ere, Bee. W rite for onr free catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box II, Cobleskill, N.Y

Fill the Silo

with Machines
suited tothe Work

BALDWIN and
GALE-BALDWIN

EASY,
FAST

£* .... CUTTING
o’ cr ELEYA-

- *“ *** TING

butters

!rv 1

typical machines. Smooth, easy running and fast
cutting distinguish them. Elevate to fill an

iv silo,
St

carry to right or left or straight away. Strong
self-feed, cut four lengths, perfection safety de¬
vices. Sizes for hand and power. Write for catalog.

THE BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 76, Chicopee Fall*, Maas.

ltki

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. Wo guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send forcatalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machina Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

A Durable Machine

To be a permanent benefit a Cream Separator must be durable. The improved

U. S. Cream Separator

•will outwear any other. We’ll tell you why :

All the working parts are enclosed and protected from dust, grit and damage.
Those moving at high speed run in oil on steel balls, which greatly reduce wear.

All the steel, bronze and tin used is carefully inspected, and is of the highest
quality money can buj’.

Throughout the whole machine the parts are few, simple
and easy to get at. Each completed machine is put to a
thorough test before shipped.

The U. S. Factory is supplied with the most accurate and
efficient machinery to produce exact duplicate parts, and
only skilled workmen are employed.

PRACTICAL PROOF

But the best proof of durability is what the machine has
done in actual use. In our “Dairy Separator Catalogue”
we have printed a few of the thousands of letters received
from satisfied users. (Some of them have used the U. S.
for ten years or over.) Their testimony is worth something
to You. Write for this book now. It will interest you.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

Prompt deliveries. J8 Distributing Ware-
407 houses in United States and Canada.

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark’s

cut

Reversible Bush &, Bog Plow, cuts awack 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. 'Will plow anew
forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk Plow cuts a furrow 5 to 10 in. deep, -- o i 14 in. wide
All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wi l d mustard . oharlock, hard-
hack sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant. Send forcir’lars.

CUTAWAY HARROY7 CO.,

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

WHITMANS^

LARGEST 8b MOST P
GUARANTEED

ALSO LARGE LINE FIR51
S EN D

WHITMAN AGE

RLD.

Irfect

TO

TCLASS
[FO R

fL G(

Received the fi»AYD P PT7P. hlahest award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair. St. Louis.

E. 3D. WATKI3\rS, State Agent, Lima. 3M. Y,

ETfinn ET U Cut to the length you want,
r UUU Eli ■ ■ and cut even'y.

Delivered into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The fttandsird by which nil other machine* arc built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
10 to 20 tons per hour* Prices lower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called The Complete Machine.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 5Q Highland Ave., Warsaw, N.Y.

BUCKEYE

Combined Grain and

FertilizerDisc Drill

WITH DISC-HOE SEEDING DEVICE

A BUCKEYE drill that embodies more excellent features than any other drill
we know of. The double run grain feed is “ as accurate as the sun” and will not
skip, choke or bunch. The fertilizer distributor, made of glass, is a distinctive
feature of the Buckeye drills. It will not break, nor rust or corrode from the acids
in commercial fertilizers. Guaranteed to sow all kinds of commercial fertilizers
and fine manures, and does not grind the fertilizer into paste. The principles of the
disc and hoe drills are combined in the ’‘Disc-Hoe” seeding device; the hoe evenly
and exactly depositing the 6eed and fertilizer in the perfect furrow made by the disc.

This drill has a dozen other features of sterling merit, and is one of the leaders
of the famous Buckeye line. It will pay you to examine it at your dealer’s, or
write us for a complete catalogue of Grain Drills and Cultivators.

P. P. MAST &. CO., 9 Canal Street, Springfield, Ohio.

s

(4

ROOFING

ijjjj A dry barn denotes a
wise farmer and a good
1 roof. Leaky roofs rot
liiit! timbers, spoil hay, mil.
dew harness.

AMATITE is a roof¬
ing ready to lay withou
special or' skilled labor.
Anyone can put it down.
It is enduring and proof
against all weathers.

Send postal to-day for
Free Sample.

Barrett Manufacturing Co.

l!

New York,

Chicago

Philadelphia

Cleveland

Cincinnati

St. Louis,
Allegheny
New Orleans
Kansas City .
Minneapolis

THE SMALLEY MODERN SILO FILLER

Takes less power, has greater capacity and
is cheaper to operate than any other silo
filler. Accidents impossible. Spocial
sizes. Prices lower than for other
machines of equal ca¬
pacity. Our
free
cata¬
logue
proves
all this
true.

Bend for
it now.

85IAM.KT

3t AXCFAt TrHING CO.,

Boxjjvl | Mxtiilowor, Wl«.

HORSE POWERS,

One &two-horso Thrashing Outfits. Level PHTTCDC
Tread, Perfect Governor. Feed & Ensilage Ulrl I LIlO
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKEYSTONEAGR’LWORKS.Pottstown.Pa

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFG. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblosklll, N.Y.

SELF ADJUSTING HOOP SILO.

We have the only SILO on the market that does not
require attention after erection. We use an automatic
adjusting attachment on each rod to take up the rod
when the silo shrinks. Also a perfecting working
door and a perfect open door front. Write for full
particulars and prices.

KEYSTONE SILO CO., Linesviile, Pa.

I

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5

TV

III

1 1

Hi

'

1

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I1

-

Ijll

» J!

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II

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Jj

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ifl

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WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the “ Weedsport
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo ’will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment .Inly 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

AVKKDSPOKT, N. Y.

THE FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN

SILO

'i If you are now keeping five cows, buy a Green Mountain
Silo and keep ten. It will cost you no more to keep the ten
cows with a Green Mountain Silo than five cows without
the Silo.

Green Mountain Silo-fed cows give more milk. That
means to you more cows, more milk, more money, and twice
as much profit. The Green Mountain is the very best of all
silos. Our New Free Illustrated Catalogue tells all about it.
Write for it. Special discount to early purchasers. Agents
wanted in unoccupied territory.

Note : We are manulacturers and dealers in Machinery and Supplies
for Dairy and Creamery ; also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

When writing, ask for Catalog H.

Vol. LXIV. Mo. 2896.

NEW YORK, JULY 29, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

SEWAGE TURNED INTO MONEY.

How a Western City Does If.

That a sewer system can be and is being operated with¬
out expense to a city, and not only that, but bring in a
handsome profit as well, may read like a fairy tale, but
it is being done to-day in a western city, which is prob¬
ably one of the cleanest and best sewered cities in this
country. Ever since science has demonstrated the
necessity of cleanliness as a means of keeping down the
mortality ratio in our cities the question of sewage
disposal has been a problem perplexing in a degree sec¬
ond only to that of providing a water system. If the
city is situated on the banks of a swift, everflowing
stream this question is simplified greatly, but if it
springs up inland, as many of our western cities do,
with no streams near enough to be utilized as outfalls
for the sewage, then the problem becomes one of utmost
complexity. Especially is this true of cities of tropical
or semi-tropical cli¬
mates, for at all sea¬
sons of the year they
must be kept scrupu¬
lously clean. There

mt. lln vc alfornativoc *

the sewage may be
burned, a process alike
wasteful and expen¬
sive ; it may be con¬
verted into fertilizer,
a process far from
satisfactory; or na¬
ture, in the form of
earth and sunshine,
may be called upon
to destroy the disease
germs which lurk in
the cast-off mass, and
convert it into plant
food to be utilized on
the spot. It is the
latter, when the re¬
quisite quality of soil
and quantity of sun¬
light can be secured,
that is coming to tile-
front, not only as an
efficient, but as a
profitable means ot
sewage disposal.

In 1887 the city of
Pasadena, Cal., situ¬
ated nine miles from
Los Angeles, being
too far inland to se¬
cure an outlet for its
sewage, purchased 300

acres of unimproved land, and thought to try the exper¬
iment of disposing of its sewage by means of cultivating
it into the soil. 1 hen protests began to arrive from
neighboring property owners, and especially from the
village of Alhambra, through which the outfall sewer
must pass. Even many prominent citizens ridiculed the
idea as folly. In the end the city won, after one of
the most bitterly contested civil suits ever witnessed in
southern California, and in 1892 the outfall sewer to
the farm was finally completed. The outfall is of salt-
glazed vitrified pipe, varying from 16 to 20 inches in
diameter, and on account of the grade, which ranges
from one foot to 3.51 feet per hundred feet, is capable
of taking care of the sewage from a city of 20,000 peo¬
ple, and will be large enough for some time to come.

The farm is 4J4 miles from the center of the city,
and in the long journey papers and nearly all solids
are dissolved, and those which are not, consisting mostly
of rags, coffee grounds and corks, are taken out at the
settling tank located at the entrance to the farm, The

sewage, which varies in color from nearly clear in the
morning to a soapy appearance in the afternoon, is dis¬
tributed throughout the farm by two 12-inch pipe lines,
having outlets every four or five hundred feet, con¬
trolled by gates. By means of these outlets the sewage,
which in the Summer months fills the twofold purpose
of fertilization and irrigation, can be taken out and dis¬
tributed as needed by means of head ditches with lat¬
erals from two to six feet apart. Nothing is grown
for food which in anyway can come in contact with the
raw sewage, but quantities of barley and wheat hay,
pumpkins, corn and walnuts are grown, there being 117
acres of walnuts. Alfalfa was formerly grown, but on
account of its being a matted low-growing crop it pro¬
duced unsatisfactory conditions, although the yield was
extraordinary.

To one who has given but little thought to this
method of sewage disposal it may seem impossible that
odors can be kept down, but surprising as it may seem.

WALNUT ORCHARD ON A CALIFORNIA SEWAGE FARM. Fig. 236.

one can usually approach the streams and stand on their
very edge without realizing that they are sewage. The
secret of the farm’s success from a sanitary point is
the dry climate and abundant sunshine of the locality,
and the thorough and constant cultivation to which the
farm is subjected. I he sewage is allowed to run upon
an area from four to 10 days, depending upon the dry¬
ness of the atmosphere, and as soon as it is sufficiently
dry to work it is thoroughly cultivated or plowed. A
thorough stirring of the soil only is necessary. During
the Summer the sewage is used in the open fields, expe¬
rience showing that it is unwise unduly to saturate the
ground while the trees are in foliage, as a heavy wind
might uproot them. About December 1 the sewage is
turned :oto the groves, where it is kept until the leaves
begin to come out in April. Usually the 117 acres will
easily take care of the Winter supply, but during exces¬
sively wet seasons it is used on other parts of the farm,
or the neighbors take it, an opportunity of which they
eagerly avail themselves. Unless the season is a»l ex¬

cessively wet one only one man is required to care for
the sewage, and then only in the daytime, he being able
so to arrange the flow during the day that it will care
for itself at night. Other than the caretaker the farm
requires but little more labor than an ordinary farm,
and on account of the fertilizing value of the sewage
the crops are abundant.

Last season there were produced 56,625 pounds of
walnuts at 1 1 cents per pound ; 304 tons of hay at $15
per ton ; 1,500 bushels of corn at $1.35 per hundred, and
275 tons of pumpkins at $2.50 per ton. The farm fur¬
nishes the hay and grain used by the fire and street
departments. A quantity of hogs are grown. Horse
raising is soon to be taken up to supply horses for the
fire and street departments, and a field is set apart for
flowers which will supply material for decorating on
public occasions. A proof of the farm’s success from
a financial standpoint is shown by the fact that last
season, on account of the rapid growth of the city, it

was decided to in¬
crease the size of the
farm. Accordingly
160 acres adjoining
were purchased at
$150 per acre, the en¬
tire amount being
paid from the profits
of the farm without
bond issue or tax
levy. The total re-
ccipts for 1904
amounted to $11,-
643.57, and the total
disbursements $6,310.-
91. Fig. 238, page-
567, shows some farm
products ; Fig. 236
irrigating ditch in
walnut grove.

w. J. WRIGHT.

R. N. Y. The com¬
mon custom of run¬
ning sewage, factory
waste, poisonous
chemicals, etc., into
the natural water
courses, where ac¬
cessible, is to be con¬
demned. Contagious
diseases are thus scat¬
tered, and fishes driv¬
en from their natural
breeding places. Some
modification of the
plan described by Mr.
Wright might well be
tried in many other
towns in sections where the Winter is not so severe as
to make such work impracticable.

CLOSE CULTURE IN GARDEN AND FARM.

I have planted peas in rows a little farther apart than
usual, and then set tomato plants in rows alternate with
the peas, so that when these were picked the tomatoes
could have the whole ground. In this way I have gath¬
ered a full crop of tomatoes and nearly as many peas as
if no other crop had been grown on the land. The
large-growing tomatoes should have about five feet of
space to do their best. Even at that distance my
ground was covered too thickly. I find that goose¬
berries and currants do quite as well in an orchard of
pear trees as they would in the open by themselves;
indeed the gooseberries are safer from sunburning in the
partial shade of the trees. By putting sash over a bed
of rhubarb I gather one crop early while the price is
high, and then a second crop In midsummer, Of course

566

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 29,

the land must be made very rich to get two full crops
and then have enough foliage left to sustain the vigor of
the roots for succeeding years. For three seasons I
have planted Winter squashes on the edge of the ground
that had been used early in Spring for raising tomato
plants and early plants of other kinds under glass. I
have left the manure of the beds undisturbed, and find
that the squash roots seem to do well in it, though they
do not run down into the manure more than a few
inches. The squash seeds are planted about the 10th of
June, after the tomato plants are all sold off. It is my
practice to plant an early variety of sweet corn after the
berries are picked from the strawberry beds that are two
years old. Corn planted the first week in July has
generally paid well for the trouble of preparing the
ground. At present my cultivation is all done with
spade and other hand tools. Fertilizer is spread broad¬
cast both before inverting the strawberry ground and
afterwards, as the corn is put in.

Of late years I have grown quantities of tulips for
selling the bulbs. These can be dug in ample time for
planting sweet corn. Then a new planting of tulips can
go in early in October, after any but the very late crops.
Many find it difficult to raise good crops of good pota¬
toes in old gardens, but I have no difficulty when planted
the next year after an old strawberry bed has been
turned under. A heavy growth of strawberry plants is
as good as a grass sod for making a good home for
early potatoes. Then when these are harvested the
ground is in fine condition for planting out strawberries
again in August. I am aware that land should be
carrying some kind of crop all the time, and I have
experimented somewhat with rye, Crimson clover, and
some other things, but as I have to use a spade in place
of a plow in my garden I am allowing the land to lie idle
in some cases for a few weeks in late Summer.

On the farm, with a herd of cows to provide for and
a team for doing the cultivation, I could keep the land
all pretty busy. One year I produced 66 acres of crops on
26 acres of land. A few acres of grass produced three
crops annually. This was reclaimed swamp, sown to
Orchard grass and Kentucky Blue grass. Much of the
corn was grown after rye had been cut green for soiling
or for hay. One year, with an early Spring, I cut the
rye in season to follow with oats, and these being ready
to harvest for fodder early in July, a crop of barley for
late feeding in the green state was ofif in season for put¬
ting in rye for the next year’s use. As the land was an
orchard, and I had the apples to pick, the rye was not
sown, but you see that I had three forage crops of full
growth besides the apples. I have found an excellent
mixture of crops is to sow Winter rye and Spring
barley in September on rich land, using a bushel and a
half of seed of each to the acre. The barley will make
some stalk, that keeps the rye from falling down and
lodging on the ground. I have had pretty heavy crops
grown in this way for feeding green in November. 1 he
rye lives over Winter after being mown with the barley,
and produces a fair crop the following year. But I must
say again that such cropping will only pay when ferti¬
lizer is used freely. I was one of the first in my town
to practice sowing grass seed in Spring without a grain
crop to “nurse” it to death the first season if the weather
proved dry at the time of cutting the grain. I have
often taken two crops of hay the first year. One year
I sowed grass and clover the last of July, and had a
crop to cut that' Fall, the clover being in bloom at the
tjme A. W. CHEEVER.

Massachusetts.

KITCHEN AND BATHROOM CONVENIENCES

Fig. 237 shows a rough sketch of bathroom and
kitchen, as re-arranged by myself. Tt has been in use
four years, and I would make few if any changes were
it to be done over. The part of my house in which
these two rooms are located is of wood, while the
main house is of brick. I bought the house in 1901.
There had formerly been an aqueduct and running
water from a spring, located about 700 feet from the
house, with a fall of about 60 feet. When I took pos¬
session of the place the water supply came from a well,
near the house, by an ordinary hand pump. Having
never been accustomed to such an arrangement I
resolved to better the condition of things. The old
pipe, which was too small for my purpose, was replaced
by a new and larger one. In the diagram of kitchen
the dotted line indicates the pipe, which is of galvanized
iron, After entering the house it passes up from the
floor to ceiling, and across and up through the floor
into the bathroom ; empties into a tank there, from
which it is distributed to the bathtub and lavatory in
the second story, and down into the hot water tank
connected with the range ; also to the sink, as indi¬
cated, and on the two set tubs, and lastly to the lava¬
tory, with a cock below where water may be drawn out
of the pipe when shut off from the tank above. This
disposes of the cold water pipe. After being heated by
the range, hot water and steam run up in to the bath¬

room lavatory and tub ; also to the sink below and the
set tubs and lavatory in the kitchen. In addition there
is a pipe for cold water for domestic use, coming to the
sink direct from outside the house or from the spring,
being outside the shut-off cock at the sill of the house.
This makes three cocks at the sink, with two at each
of the set tubs and lavatories, with a double way valve
at the bathtub. In each case the left-hand cock con¬
nects with hot water, the right-hand one with cold.

All the plumbing is exposed and thus easily attended
to and cleanly. A water closet is connected with the
tank in the bathroom as indicated. It is ventilated into
the chimney direct from the bowl, and of course all the
different pla.es, as indicated, are trapped separately into
the sewer pipe, which extends up through the roof for
safety. The bathroom is heated by a register directly
over the kitchen range, and is always warm and com¬
fortable. There have been a few times when outside
temperature was 15 to 20 degrees below zero, but so
far I have not been incommoded by frost in the pipes.
The water runs constantly at my barn, which is about
50 feet from the house towards the spring. As to the
expense connected with this convenience, there are
some items which in another locality would vary from
mine, but in the main there are only a few which would
need correcting for any location. The items of tank
and connection with range, the set tubs, water-closet
and two lavatories with necessary pipes, traps, and stop

EAST

cocks were contracted for by a local plumber at $110.
The work of fitting and some few extras cost $50 more,
making a total of $160 as cost of the inside work. As
to the pipe to the spring, which is of lead. ^4-inch, 745
feet, one pound to the foot at six cents is $44.70, an
allowance of $12 being made for the old pipe, which
I delivered at the pipe factory eight miles away at the
time I went for the new pipe. There were no express
or freight charges in my case. The digging of trench for
pipe was through soil free from all rocks and stones, and
was done at odd spells by cheap help. The estimated
cost of digging and filling was $7.50. If I were asked
what it would be possible to leave out of the plant T
would say that the cost might be reduced by omitting
the lavatory in the bathroom, thus saving about $12.
Still, that is very convenient and desirable. The con¬
stant supply of hot water for all purposes at all times
of day or night is alone worth all the cost. The set
tubs are always ready for use, and with a loose covet
on one of them supply a convenient table for draining
dishes or a separator. Mine is used twice a day for
washing and scalding the separator parts and drying the
same. On the whole I am sure the money pays a good
interest in every way. and no one can afford to live on
in the old way when conditions similar to mine exist for
introducing more modern methods at so little cost. In
this case no serious difficulty existed in finding room
for the several improvements in the house without
building any ^additions or making any expense in any
way. The new and larger pipe was necessary, not for
the house, but for the stock at the barn ; a J^-inch pipe
was needed, whereas the old pipe was scarcely l4-inch.

Hampshire Co., Mass. d. e. h.

CARE OF HORSE IN HOT WEATHER.

On page 492, in speaking of the “extra precautions
for the team in hot weather,” your ideas arc right ex¬
cept that you recommend a wet sponge on the horse’s
head. As a great lover of horses, and the owner of
a number of very busy ones, I am sure that a wet
sponge so placed is much worse than nothing at all,
because when left on the head for a very few minutes
the cool, wet sp.onge becomes a warm poultice to the
brain, and hastens the trouble that we would avoid. In
hot weather each of our horses wears a hat, and each
driver is furnished with a stout, good-sized, unbleached
sponge, with orders to sponge the mouth and nostrils
of his horse whenever he can, and then thoroughly to
souse water between the hind legs of the horse when the
friction and heat are very great. I look for TheR. N.-Y.
every week and want it to be right, but the wet sponge
idea on the head is vitally wrong, and should be re¬
membered with the surgical axiom that “if you want
to put an eye out, just poultice it.” r. p. n.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

R. N.-Y. — Our experience differs somewhat from
the above, as we have found the sponge of service both
to men and horses. Under very trying conditions a
fair-sized wet sponge worn inside a man’s hat has given
real relief, and it also appeared to refresh the horses.
The sponge should not be very large, and of course the
water ought to be renewed whenever convenient. Being
fastened loosely to the headstall, the sponge bobs up
and down more or less, instead of resting heavily on
the head.

CLOVER SILAGE FOR LITTLE PIGS.

At how early an age will weaned pigs be able to do well
on clover silage? Here there are very few silos, while in
Iowa, my old home, the silage is made of corn. I am very
anxious to raise October and November pigs, carrying them
through the Winter on silage and middlings, and turning on
rye and clover in March, selling in June. On Fall pigs, win¬
tered on boiled small potatoes and middlings, and not fed
after March, I made a profit of $5 a head over cost of
potatoes and middlings, hut I have only a few potatoes. If
I could supplement the potatoes with clover silage I could
raise 200 pigs, but am not sure they would eat enough to do
well at eight or 10 weeks old. Of course hogs will do well
on clqver, but will a 30 or 40-pound weaned pig do well on
clover silage — all he wants — supplemented by four pounds
of boiled potatoes, and one-half to three-fourths pound of

muUlHriflr© ? W. IT. K.

Washington.

I have had no experience with clover silage, but have
fed Fall pigs over Winter on clover leaves put in the
trough dry, middlings put on them, then water enough
put on to dampen the whole mass. Sometimes I would
mix it, and other times I would let the pigs mix it
while eating. I always fed this clover leaf ration in the
morning, so if it was cold weather they would clean it
up during the day, and not allow any of it to freeze
in the trough. If fed in the evening, they might not
stay at the trough long enough to clean up. What they
would leave would freeze during the night. If pigs
will eat clover this way, there can be no doubt about
their thriving on clover silage. I think they would
relish it more. After weaning time, when they get a
little older and larger, they will thrive better on mid¬
dlings, silage and a few potatoes than they will on the
potatoes and middlings without the silage. The clover
silage is rich in protein, while potatoes are seriously
lacking in this important element, so necessary for grow¬
ing animals.

What a hog will eat readily, and thrive on, I am nevev
afraid but that a pig will take to it. But the pig will
require a high per cent of protein, which in this case
need not be thought of. as there is an abundance of the
protein in the clover silage. john m. jamison.

Ohio.

R. N.-Y. — We have sent this question to 10 good pig
feeders, but have not been able to find one who has
really fed the clover silage. Can any of our readers
help us?

DEFECTIVE VENTILATION. — I wish to call your
attention to the sketch and article on plumbing by
Joseph Pennell on page 502. The ventilating pipe of the
soil pipe leading into the flue is very bad. When there
is no fire in the furnace and the kitchen fire is low, with
the wind blowing against the mouth of the sewer, and
atmospheric conditions right, the gas (and lots of it)
would go directly into the cellar, and .then through the
house, which would cause the family to feel dull and
without ambition, and in bad cases would cause sick¬
ness. In first and second-class cities in Pennsylvania
the plumbing laws are very exacting, and no vent pipes
are allowed to enter any chimney, but must go out
through the roof, and extend above any dormer win¬
dow. With city people seeking fresh air, it seems too
bad that a little mistake on the part of the plumbing
should foul the house in the country, in the midst of
fresh air. n. t.

Scranton, Pa,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

567

PLANTING TREES IN THE BRUSH.

Some of the earlier setting of apple trees which bore
last year had been set seven years ; fruit was extra fine
and fair. I think that I farm different from many other
people. There is one way to farm for pleasure, and
another for profit. I came on the farm 15 years ago,
and the first year set 700 trees ; pear, plum, peach and
apple. I knew nothing of the business before, and of
course every paper that I read said cultivate your trees.
1 followed this about five years, and put a lot of
money into cultivation. I had a large piece of
wild land on top of sandstone ledge, densely
covered with second-growth timber, grapevine
and brush. I cleaned this as best I could and
set it to apples and cherries. The first setting
of this kind was eight years ago. I found this
land was full of briers and all kinds of brush,
and it was a big expense to keep them cut, so
I bought sheep and put in, and they have saved
me many a hard day’s work in brush cutting;
besides which the land is coming into fine pas¬
ture, and better still, I sold my wool for 30
cents and just sold April lambs for $4 each. I
have always had this for lambs, so instead of
putting in a lot of money in cutting brush and
briers I get off a money crop every year, whether
there is a crop of apples or not, and the land
is getting better.

About every two years I put a good wheel¬
barrow load of stable manure around each tree,
until they get to good size; as to fine trees and
growth no one can beat it. They are fine, with
smooth shi-ny bark and good growth. My the¬
ory is that a tree must have room. 1 set 40 x 40
feet diagonally. In plowing an orchard
that has not been plowed for a few years
it is pretty hard work, because there are
so many roots. What do you suppose
those roots are so near the surface for?

Is it to be cut off with the plow? I
think when nature fixed up her plan of
the tree, she did not know of the plow,
so I think she planned to have the roots
come to the surface to get the stuff to
put in the apple to give it weight, color,
flavor and keeping qualities. July 4 we
used the last of our apples, and they were
kept in an ordinary house cellar in otie-
half bushel baskets. No other cover,
and they were sound and firm ; Russet,

Mann and Stark. I have not sprayed
my apples. I spray plums and cherries,
but when a wormy fruit of any kind
drops a sheep always gets it, worm and
all ; that ends the worm. I had Alex¬
ander, Maiden Blush, Duchess, Yellow
Transparent, Wealthy and Jonathan last
season that I put in the Cleveland mar¬
ket. They went to fancy trade at top
prices.

I have seven acres in peaches, with
Ben Davis set in ; trees set nine years.

The fruit on these trees is not so fair
as in the open orchard, and I do not
think it will be until the peaches are
gone. I believe my plan is all right, be¬
cause I get good growth of tree, good
fruit and a paying crop every year, either
in fruit or wool and lambs, or both, and
no expense comparatively; land growing
better all the time. In selling wool and
lambs no fertility is lost to speak of. I
protect my trees from rabbits and wood¬
chucks with one-inch mesh poultry wire,
cut in strips and put around the tree.

Ohio. AUSTIN HERRICK.

GRAIN FOR PASTURED COWS.

In the first place, I can say positively
that it always pays to feed some grain
for 10 days or two weeks after the
cows first go on the grass. While they
do not need it to increase the milk flow,
they do need it to keep up their strength
and help to counteract the effect on their
systems of the change from Winter feed,
containing a large amount of dry matter,
to the watery fresh grass of pasture.

The amount may be gradually reduced, until the grass
gets its full strength. After that it is a question that
depends wholly on the character of the pasture. With
ordinary good pasture I believe most times the extra
milk secured from grain fed will no more than pay for
the grain. Of course the price for both milk and grain
will be an important factor. This, standing alone,
would seem to indicate that it does not pay. There is
another side, however, that must be considered ; the
condition of the cow. No cow can make her best
year’s record unless she is in first-class condition.

After the last, of June, on ordinary pasture, with flies
to fight, the cows will usually lose in flesh, as well as
shrink in milk flow.

This means that they will not produce in the Fall
and Winter what they would have done had not a por¬
tion of their feed gone to making flesh. Nor will they
do as well at the next milking period after freshening.
Of this I am positive. Then, too, when for any reason
the glands that secrete the milk have shrunken, no sub¬
sequent feeding will ever bring them back fully until

is necessary in order to secure most satisfactory results.

A bit of experience of the past two seasons may be
helpful. Last year, with fair pasture, supplemented by-
all the green feed they would eat in the stable, I fed no
grain to my cows until the last of August. The milk
flow was all that could be desired, but I noticed they
were losing flesh, and beginning to slacken their milk.
I then began to give two pounds of grain daily, but
did not get quite enough more milk to pay for the
grain. I then stopped the grain for a week, and lost
what milk 1 had gained, and nearly a quart per
cow daily beside, when I again gave the grain
and got back where I was before. I am satisfied
that had I fed from $1 to $2 worth of grain each
to those cows during the Summer I would have
received from $4 to $5 each more product during
the Fall and Winter.

This season one dairy of 19 cows has had
grain every day since they went to pasture.
They have shrunk in their milk since less than
a quart a day each. Another dairy of 25 cows
had no grain for about three weeks after the
first 10 days on pasture. Then they were fed
two pounds daily of the same grain as the
others. They have shrunk two quarts each, and
are still shrinking in spite of abundance of oats
and peas. In both dairies are a number of tows
long in milk and only two or tfiree fresh in the
Spring. Pastures very short in both cases, but
up to June 1 the latter dairy had decidedly the
best pasture. edward van alstyne.

HOGS ON A SEWAGE IRRIGATION FARM. Fig. 238.

A SOUTH JERSEY FIELD PACKING SHED. Fig. 239.

A LOAD OF GANDY STRAWBERRIES. Fig. 240.

the cow freshens again. Another matter often over¬
looked is the better quality of the manure that helps
to build up the pasture. In view of the above, I would
say that after the grass has full strength, if there is
abundant feed to keep up both flow and flesh, it will
not pay to feed grain. Most times the extra milk
will not pay for grain, but the better condition of the
cow will, and as pastures usually run it will pay to feed
gain, say a couple of pounds daily. What the grain
shall be depends a good deal on the cost. I have found
that a ration rather high in carbohydrate? at this season

PUBLIC SPRAYING NOTES.

Very little public spraying is done here, most
orchardists having their own outfits, and
therefore doing their own work, but the
change from hand to power pumps that
is taking place here as well as in all
large fruit sections wilt cause men to
take up the work as a business. When
this is done the price for doing the work
will be determined by the size of the
trees to be sprayed and the number of
gallons of material required per tree.
No iron-clad rule can be established to
govern, as conditions vary too much.
Four years ago I sprayed 7,000 peach
trees for my neighbors with lime, sul¬
phur and salt. The trees averaged seven
years old. I furnished everything, made
the mixture and applied it, and charged
five cents a tree. I lost no money on the
job. The work was done with a hand
pump. I could do the same work now
with my power sprayer for three cents a
tree and make money. I just completed
a job of work covering orchards of 60
acres of apples and Kieffer pears, aver¬
age age of the trees 15 years, set 20 feet
apart, where land is strong. Culture has
been perfect and trees of very large
growth. I used upon them 12,000 gallons
of Bordeaux. My charge for this work
was $5 per day for the use of my gas
sprayer and myself to operate it, or one
cent per tree. The persons for whom
this work was done accepted the charge
of $5 per day. In this case they fur¬
nished everything in the way of labor
and material, and paid for gas required
to operate the sprayer. One day when
the material was furnished ready to go
into the sprayer right in the orchard, so
all extra driving and time lost thereby
was saved, I sprayed 1,300 eight-year-old
Kieffer pear trees, covering the trees
absolutely.

MAKING BORDEAUX. — During
May I made 18,000 gallons of Bordeaux.
T have used the process lime and the
quicklime, and I am surprised that such
high authority as Prof. Slingerland
should recommend process lime for mak¬
ing Bordeaux. From my experience I
would not give one barrel of Bordeaux
made from quicklime for two made from
the process lime ; in fact, I will never use
process lime again. It makes a miser¬
ably poor quality of Bordeaux ; it has no life, is hard to
handle in the pumps and through the nozzles, and seems
to shale off after drying on the trees, carrying the vitriol
with it as well as the poisons. Let the Professor revise
his opinion, as what has gone out will injure many
people. _ a. n. BROWN.

Some people are very sensitive to electrical influences,
and suffer greatly during thunderstorms. They fear the
thunder. Let them remembei that there is r.o danger In the
noise. The only danger is in the flash, and if thty bear
the thunder they may know that they an «8fe.

568

TI-IH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 29<

STRAWBERRIES IN SOUTH JERSEY.

The pictures on page 567, Figs. 239
and 240, show familiar scenes in cer¬
tain localities in the southern counties of
New Jersey. The Gandy strawberry is
a great favorite in New York at its sea¬
son — its fine color and flavor making it
popular. While not a heavy yielder it
comes at a good time for fine fruit, and
thus it proves very acceptable to many
growers. Some few years ago, almost
any kind of a strawberry sold fairly
well. That was the time before .the
competition from the southern and Cali¬
fornia districts was in evidence in our
eastern markets. Now the best is the
variety of any crop that sells to an ad¬
vantage, and those with fairly )good
stock find themselves in a bad position
for a living. So with the berry busi¬
ness, the fancy line of berries is the
one that will pay, and that should be the
one for the grower to get acquainted
with. The pictures show how the ber¬
ries are packed in the field. The boxes
are brought to the shed or tent, looked
over carefully, and crated. Fig. 240
shows a load of crated berries starting
for market over one of New Jersey’s
famous “good roads.” L. a. p.

FRUIT NOTES.

Burbank’s Fruits. — On page 534 is an
article on “The Value of Burbank’s
Fruits,” signed “M. L. Benson.” Some of
the conclusions of this writer I cannot
agree with, as both the Gold and Bur¬
bank have proved to be valuable plums.
In the case of the Burbank there is one
objection to the plum and that is its early
blooming, but notwithstanding this fault
in the plum it is a valuable fruit, large,
with a small pit and fully equal in quality
to the European plums. The Gold is also
valuable, not quite so large as Burbank,
but possibly a surer bearer. The Wick-
son is of doubtful value, also the Climax,
but further trial is necessary fully to de¬
termine the real value of these new plums.
Burbank and Gold have been well tested
and proved very valuable here. The
Burbank is the heaviest bearer of any
plum I have seen, and although the cur-
culio injures many of the plums, many
are left uninjured. e. p. fisher.

Kansas-.

The New York Strawberry. — A great
deal of fault is found each season with
the New York strawberry ever since Mr.
Allen introduced it, on account of the
berries seeming to mold and rot on the
vines before the fruit is ripe. Our ex¬
perience for best results is to plant the
New York on poor soil ; that is, land
which will grow only a fair crop of corn
or oats, land that is comparatively
speaking poor. The New York on
the rich soil was almost a total failure;
nothing but a luxuriant foliage and no
fruit on the vines; what little fruit was on
the vines seems to mold and rot before
it matured. The heavy foliage seems to
destroy the fructification of the plant.
Where we planted the New York on poor
soil the crop was exceedingly large and
perfect ; not a berry molded nor rotted.
The foliage was short and stocky, and the
berries a bright red color. The New York
is the only berry on our farm that cannot
stand good treatment in the way of rich
soil only. T. c. icevitt.

New Jersey.

Potted Strawberry Plants. — My expe¬
rience with potted strawberry plants has
not been good. Six or seven years ago I
procured potted plants of several varieties.
They grew all right, but as compared to
beds alongside from layers grown in the
usual way there was less than one-fourth
of a full crop ; that is, where a single layer
plant produced a dozen berries the potted
plant showed only two or three. Two or
three years afterward I procured a
couple of dozen potted plants, planted them
last of July, cultivated carefully, and
with the same or similar result. I did
think I would have nothing more to do
with potted plants, but, fool-like, fascinat¬
ed by the reiterated assertion of nursery¬
men with plants for sale that “potted
plants set out in August will bear full
crops the following year,” I procured last
year from one of the oldest and most
reoutable nursery firms 25 potted plants
of the Glen Mary, set them the last week
of July and gave careful cultivation. The
result was a total failure! Not a mar¬
ketable berry from the entire 25 plants,
while layer plants alongside bore their
usual good crop. Not over three med¬
ium-sized berries materialized, while the
remainder, about the size of marrowfat
peas, went into a pint box, stems and all,

without crowding! It is needless to say
1 was disgusted. I do not believe, there¬
fore, that strawberry plants grown in pots
of the usual size sent out can be made to
produce a full crop the following season,
nor even half a crop unless conditions are
exceptional. To give the plant the scope
it needs at least a quart pot would be re¬
quired. J he roots of the newly formed
plant naturally seek a lateral direction, not
vertical, as the pots used compel it to do.
What wonder then that the plants become
root-bound, cramped and unable to regain
their original vigor? 1 have been growing
the strawberry upward of 30 .years, and
like Mr. Hunt, realize that I have yet
much to learn. If any of The R. N.-Y.
readers who are not venders but grow¬
ers from potted plants would give their
experience through its columns, it could
not fail to add to our present knowledge
of the subject. h. h. b.

Jewett City, Conn.

Girdled Grapes. — Grapes are not as ex¬
tensively girdled as they were some years
ago, in this vicinity, there being only two
growers who practice it to any extent.
One man I talked with said he always
girdles a few to have them for earlier
home use; it advances the ripening 10 to
14 days. When ripe no apparent change
in quality is noticeable. Where it is large¬
ly done, as 1 have seen on the shores of
Seneca Lake, they have a tool that clasps
around the vine and having a knife on
each edge at right angles to the vine it
is held somewhat like a pair of pincers.
With one turn around the bark is severed
in two parallel cuts about an inch apart,
and the intervening bark is easily re¬
moved. The ■object is to Tetard (the
return of the sap, which seems to or does
stimulate the ripening, also the size of the
fruit. Not all the bearing wood is thus
treated on the vine at the same time, and
it seems to do no injury to the remaining
growth. It is pursued year after year
by some very large growers on Seneca
Lake. N. h,

Milton, N. Y.

White Lead and Linseed Oil on
Apple Trees.— On page 533 Prof. W. E.
Britton appears to discuss very circum¬
stantially a case in which he asserts that
white lead and oil has caused the death of
a large nuumber of apple trees. Prof.
Britton writes in the tone of a person who
has proof of his assertions, and alludes to
me by name as the author of the lead and
oil treatment, hence I beg a very little
space to say that a slight analysis of his
article appears to disclose that he does
not appear to know the condition of these
trees before they were painted, nor does
it appear that he saw the work done, pre¬
pared or examined the paint used. Thus
lie has not what an accurate observer
would consider necessary information for
the inferences he draws. He does not
even say that linseed oil was used, but
does allude to the trees showing an injury
resembling the use of crude petroleum.
It seems to me quite possible these trees
died from some prior treatment. I know
from long experience they did not die
from the use of pure white lead and lin¬
seed oil. I have never tried to exploit
the use of white lead paint on trees, simply
mentioned it incidentally, and a lot of
useless discussion has " followed. Why
don’t competent persons try it? I have
used it 16 years and shall continue so long
as I have to protect young trees from rab¬
bits, mice and borers. wm, b. alwood.
Virginia.

“Muck ” and Its Handling.

J. S., Arlington Heights, Ill. — In “A Com¬
post for Tree Planting,” page 486, you speak
of muck as being good to mix with manure.
What is muck? Where it is found? IIow is
it prepared for use?

A ns. — Webster defines “muck” as “veg¬
etable mold mixed with earth as found
in low damp places.” As commonly used
the word refers to the black soil found in
swamps, or at the bottoms of stagnant
ponds. “Peat” is different from “muck.”
the former containing but little actual
soil, so that it will burn when fully dried.
In some cases where muck is formed
largely of fallen leaves it contains nearly
as much nitrogen as ordinary stable ma¬
nure, yet the fertilizing value of such muck
is not great, as the nitrogen is not available.
To make it fit for manuring the muck is
dug from the swamp and left to
“weather,” or ferment in warm piles. If
lime or wood ashes are mixed with this
muck it will become available more rapid¬
ly. A bulletin from the Maine experi¬
mental station (Orono) gives much in¬
formation about the care of muck. Of
late years considerable Investigation has
been made of the low, swamp lands in

Indiana and Illinois. Write to the sta- Vvhen you write advertisers mention The
tion at La Fayette, Ind., and Urbana, 111., K- N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
for bulletins. “a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

The Corsican Strawberry. — We received
this variety from Mr. Armstrong, of Char¬
lotte. N. Y., about eight years ago. and have
widely disseminated it. giving it the name of
Corsican. It has been planted largely around
Rochester. Some of the planters bought their
plants direct of Mr. Armstrong, and have
called it Armstrong. ,7. II. Ilale. of Connect¬
icut, thinks he has the same variety under
the name of Maximus. This variety produces
the largest strawberry sold in the Rochester
market. It is quite a firm berry for one so
large. The plants are exceedingly vigorous
and productive. It does not make runners
or new plants as readily as some varieties,
but owing to the vigor of the plants it re¬
mains in fruiting a long time in the beds.
They often fruit four years, whereas any
other berries have to be renewed every two
years. Quality good. c. a. green.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

-MONTH!

You can use all of my paint you need and pay
me in 6 months. My paint is so good that I lot

17 2 FULL GALLONS FREE

(600 square feet — two coats) on your buildings
before you even decide to buy my paint, and I
pay the freight, too, on six gallons or over. Be¬
sides, I give you a straightforward pen and ink
8-YEAR GUARANTEE. My paint is made of
the best materials — but unlike any other paint,
every ingredient is fresh and freshly ground to
your order. The pigment and oil come to you in
separate cans, and you simply stir them together
and get the full life of every clement. Just tell
me how much paint you need or the length, width
and height of your buildings and I will send my
paint book, a copy of my guarantee, sample
colors, and tell )ou how much your painting
will cost. Write now to 0. L. Chase.

dh m, „

415 Sixth St., St. Louis, Mo.

You
can pul-
verlze
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard
Manure Spreader

because it has a different Beat¬
er, a different Rake and Hood —
load not thrown high in air and
blown about. Spreads full width
and does not vary in width.

Endgate Moves Away From Load.

One lever raises endgate and puts en¬
tire machine iu operation. Non-break-
able mechanism to change feed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.,

Dopt. K, Utica, N. Y.

Maker* of Harrow*, Cultivfr
tor*, Potato Harvester*,

Etc.

T

FOR SALE CHEAP

A SMALL ORCHARD,

within three miles of the City of Geneva.

PRODUCTIVE AND DESIRABLE.

For information, address
Post Office Box 323, Geneva, N. Y.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES i PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small I ruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

—BUDS! — |

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, d .

K FRUIT BOOK'

'shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

«FFn WHFAT-CIean‘ sound and graded. Four
VLLU VVIILnl hardy and prolific varieties. If
not as represented, reship and get your money
back. Booklet and samples for stamp. TIMOTHY
SEED. A. H. Hoffman, Bamford, LaucasterCo., Pa.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

FIVE MILLIONS VERY STRONG CELERY!

White Plume, Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, Golden
Heart, $1.00 per 1,000; transplanted. $2.00 per 1,000.
All other vegetable plants, List mailed free.

LUDVIG MOSBAEK, Onarga, Ill.

ET I ET PLANTS; very strong. The

E. La Eh ■ W I plants have an average of four
square inches of space each over the whole field.
$1.00, 1,000; $4.00 5, 00@; 70c. 500. Giant Pascal, Golden
Self Blanching, Golden Heart, Winter Queen.

F. W. ROCHELLE, Drawer 3, Chester, N. J.

CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS, UV™-

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c

RIMSON CLOVE

Nature’s Fertilizer and Ideal Hay
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prices, also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, Pa.

R

A I |T— Crimson Clover Seed,
1 iX O M L EL $5.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas. $1.75 bushel. ,T. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.

Potted plants now ready. Send for circular.
THOMAS R. HUNT, Originator, Lambertville, N.J.

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps,
Spray Mixtures. Bookletrree.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

STRAWBERRY PLANTSi&SSSrLi

plant 1906. $1.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Pot

Grown

STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plante set out in August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. 65th Year.

ELLWANCER &. BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

CRIMSON CLOVER

price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu
able also for early green food,
grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

HENRY A, DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

TREES

DFR inn FREIGHT PAIR Apple- Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rCn lUUj illLIUni mill Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
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DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to
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Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of

Produce a Full Crop in 1906

Peach and Apple Carriers

If you have Peaches , Apples , Tomatoes , or

other Truck, send for our Catalogue and Price List.

SOUTH SIDE MFC. CO., Petersburg, Va.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

569

FRUTO FARM HITS.

Hit Hard. — When as a boy I attended a
country school, one of the first lessons
learnt was that it was the hard hit, and
especially the hard hitter, who counted
most. No one seemed to have any regard
for love pats. That kind of hitter must
play with the girls. Later, when at the
age of 18, fortune placed me (much
against my wishes) on a small, run-down
New England farm, to dig from its poor
and neglected soil a living for myself and
others I soon found that if 1 was to suc¬
ceed I must hit that old farm, and hit it
hard. Some of the most profitable and I
think pleasant hours were spent swinging
a pick to improve what was then practi¬
cally waste land. Rut as the farm im¬
proved and business brought me into con¬
tact with others I soon found hitting the
old farm was but a part of the activities
and enjoyments of life. Yet, if one were
to succeed he must still hit and hit hard.
Now we cannot get over in a moment a
habit which we have practiced so long, so
I think it best to say in writing a few
articles under this heading I have no de¬
sire to hit any person or partv. Yet as
I look at it there are some things which
need hitting and hitting hard. And if farm¬
ers are willing to let others do the hitting,
and have neither the ability nor courage to
hit back, they deserve no sympathy if
others take from them and use for their
own benefit rights which should belong to
them. Let any farmer look back and
count the laws passed since the Civil War,
and .he will be surprised how year after
year, some bill has been passed which de¬
prived him of rights, enjoyed by his an¬
cestors, and in many cases those rights
have bgen curtailed to add to the enjoy¬
ment of others, and yet it has been done
so gradually he has made no protest
worthy of the name. To-day the influ¬
ence of the farming class plays but a small
part in influencing legislation which con¬
cerns them. I believe that the time has
come when the farmers as a class should
exert themselves for an improvement in
the conditions which surround them, and
that he who dares not give or take hard
hits, must be the slave of others, and not
their equals. Yet hits as well as gifts
should be given with reason.

Game Preserves. — Had any one pre¬
dicted 25 years or more ago, that most of
♦ l*>_ llTw StitM wnnlrl have gone

into the raising of game to add to the
pleasure of the sporting class, and even to
sell game through the medium of a license
tax to non-resident sportsmen, the state¬
ment would have been laughed at as too
silly to be true. Yet the game preserve
is the most protected industry in New
England to-day. When I was a boy a
deer was not to be found in this section ;
to-day they feed our mowings and browse
our trees, and by our laws it is a greater
offense to hurt one of them than a human
being, Chap. 245, 1903, laws of Massa¬
chusetts, imposes a fine of $100 for chas¬
ing a deer except on cultivated land, and
then the owner cannot use a dog or injure
the deer without a similar fine. So the
Massachusetts farmer, when he sees deer
in his cornfield or garden, tells his boy to
put the dog in the barn, go drive gently
the deer, and under no circumstances
thrown sticks or stones at them. But the'
Legislature evidently thought under such
circumstances, the bov might become a’
law-breaker, so a law was passed allowing
farmers damage for what the deer might
eat. The effect is the farmers let the
deer alone, the State is willing to pay
the damage. For under no circumstances
must the deer be made wild and hard to
shoot. Yet men who hold up their hands
in holy horror and fear the spread of So
cialism, seem to think the State should
raise game for them. I do not believe a
thickly settled community is the proper
place for a game preserve ; that it is not
good policy to protect that which injures
the farming class, and after meeting the
city sport with his high-power automo¬
bile, I dread to meet him with his long-
range rifle. For if men are to come into
our fields and shoot at every moving ob¬
ject the farmer will need a bomb-proof
for himself, as well as his Jersey calves
1 am no sportsman, neither could I stand
beside a wounded deer and see him die
with pleasure. Tt mav be the duty of a
State to provide that kind of pleasure and
entertainment for its sporting class, but
farmers cannot see it in that light In the
past I have tried to protect the smaller
game on my own land. I have found it
useless to try to do so. The average
hunter may believe in others respecting
the game laws; he does nof himself, and
no matter how well posted land may be,
no game is safe from his do«- or gun. For
their selfish interest a law was passed
against the selling of game -md now the
farmer boy who by good luck should
shoot an extra woodcock or partridge
(ruffled grouse) must not offer it for sale,
even to a sick person. Yet a city sport
mav go upon the same hunting ground
with his trained and high-priced dog and

practically take every bird, and then hold
himself up as a good sportsman because
he got such a large bag full. If our
States are to be made game preserves, I
am in favor of a license tax, and that
they (the hunters) must pass an examina¬
tion in marksmanship before one is grant¬
ed. For few understand the amount of
suffering caused by city boys and men who
shoot at practically every living thing,
even the farmer’s hens and chickens,
wounding very much more than they cap
ture. Unless a man can show he has a
fair chance of capturing game he should
never be allowed to shoot it, in the name
of sport.

Automobiles. — The daily papers inform
use that the prospect for this sport the
coming season is better than ever before.
Last season as T met many of those bright
painted cars with their hideous looking
front covered with brass trimmings I won
dered were they built that way for beautv,
or to add to the excitement of the sport.
Driven in many cases 15 to 30 or more
miles an hour, nearly always keeping the
center of the road, very few horses will
meet them without some liability of an
accident, especially upon many of our nar
row country roads. For every driver of
the horse understands that there he is
much more liable to an accident than upon
a city street where horses take less notice
of what they meet. To-day our country
people see the roads, built and paid for
by them=elves. made unsafe bv reckless
automobilists. and many of their women
who formerly used the roads in safety
driven from them entirely, unless accom¬
panied by a male escort. None has shown
them more plainly the arrogance and sel¬
fishness of wealth thtin these city men and
women whose laughter has greeted the
farmer when his own and his family’s
lives have been put in danger. Such
sport may fit city men and women, but not
the farming class, brought up to protect
and respect women; not one in 10,000
would willingly put a woman’s life in dan
per. Neither can they understand the
brutal selfishness of others, who, if we
may judge by their actions, enjoy doing
so as a part of their sport. Yes, I am
glad the automobilist has come for many
a farmer is more of a man to-day for
having met him on some narrow country
road. The glamor of wealth is passing
and the city rich men are losing their best
friends, and what shall the harvest be?
More and more will the sympathy and
help of our country people, go out to the
laboring men and women in our cities.
For in a free country wealth and power
cannot always be kept bv any class who
do not use it wisely and well

Worcester Co., Mass. h. o. mead.

Killing Out Quack Grass.

A. J. G., "Went Rush, N. Y. — Will you tell
me if there is any way to kill Quack grass
on the farm ?

Ans. — The trouble with Quack grass
is that it grows from undergrown stems
or rootstocks. It is not enough to pre¬
vent it seeding, as is the case with some
weeds. The soil must be plowed and har¬
rowed and cross-harrowed with a tool
that will catch the stems and bring them
to the surface. A spring-tooth will do

this quite well, but a slant-tooth harrow
with the wheels set well forward will do
better work. To do a complete job this
harrowing must be done four or six times
during the late Summer or early Fall,
and the roots that are dug up raked away
and burned.

Value of Lightning Rods.

G. C. W., Akeley, /’«. — Are lightning rods
any protection from lightning? There is an
agent trying to sell copper rods through here.
I do not think he is a swindler, as far as
his business methods are concerned, as he
figures on cost before he puts up rod,
and does not ask you to sign any contract,
merely pay when the job is done, as for auy
other work. At liis price if the rods take
away one-half the risk, they would be a very
good investment.

Ans. — We have no doubt as to the
general protection against lightning of a
system of rods, well put up and properly
grounded in moist earth, or in a well.
Houses have been destroyed, with rods

properly placed, but the damage was usu¬
ally done, in these cases, by ball or
globe lightning. This is a rare form, in
which a ball of fire floats through the
air. It is not always damaging. One
case is recorded where such a ball of
fire passed down a chimney, rolled slowly
across the floor of a room and disanncared
through a crack in the wall — without in¬
jury. Of course, a poorly placed system
of rods is worse than none.

“May Chubbie is a friend of yours, isn’t
she ?” “Only a slight acquaintance.”
“The idea! How can you say that? Why,
she weighs 185 if she weighs a pound.” —
Cincinnati Comercial-Tribune.

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c,.SIMAtOjy^.

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Address

D. Y. HALLOCK & SONS,

Box 80.3, Yorli, Pa.

Hallock’s

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bio

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 29,

j Ruralisms •

NOTES FROM THE RURALGROUNDS

Early Japan Plums. — The first seed¬
ling Japan plums of this year, shown
natural size in Figs. 241 and 242, were
received June 29 in good eating condition.
The quality was much better than Cali¬
fornia plums bought the same day. Both
varieties are clings, dark red and yellow
in color, with firm yellow flesh of pleas¬
ant flavor. The originator, J. W. Trin-
kle, Madison, Ind., writes under date of
June 27:

I send to-day two varieties of my earliest
(Prunus triflora) plums, more on account of
their earliness than any other quality, being
about live or six days earlier than the Red
June here, though I think they compare fav¬
orably with that variety in other respects.
They are not so large as they were last year.
The trees stand in the trial row with many
other trees near them, and besides are over¬
loaded. The one with the flat apex last year
calipered 1% by 1 inch in diameter and
is the earliest. When it commences ripening
i( ripens the whole crop in about three days.
It was ripe last year July <>. This year it
ripened June 24. The other variety with the
pointed apex is only one or two days later
than the above. It is of fine quality, line
color and hung on the tree last year until a
storm blew them off, which was about 12
days after they were ripe. They were coal
black. Some of them were almost as dry as
dried prunes. It calipered 1 Vi inch in both
diameters last year. Those I send you were
picked a little green, that they might not be
overripe when they reach you.

These plums were better than Red June
as we generally get that variety. Other
early Japans, raised in New York and
Georgia, have been figured in The R.
N.-Y., pages 574 and 683, 1904. The first
of our home-grown seedlings, a cross
between Chabot and AbundancQ gives us
ripe fruits as early as July 8. This ten¬
dency of seedlings to ripen earlier than
their parents will probably be of the
highest value if this interesting type is to
remain in cultivation in the East. Early-
ripening plums escape curculio and rot to
a considerable degree, and, what is also
of the first importance to the commercial
grower, they come in before the market
is overstocked with the California pro¬
duct. Burbank’s First ripens here about
July 15. It is of good quality but small,
and so far a shy bearer, the tree appar¬
ently being tender in bud.

Japan Plums Not Generally Suc¬
cessful. — Japan plums in general, have
only borne two fair crops for us in six
years. Most varieties introduced with
such a flourish of trumpets have failed
either in tree or fruit. The only ones
we care to plant from our present ex¬
perience are Ogon and Chabot. Hopes
are still entertained of Normand, a stocky
growing yellow-fruited kind, but it has
not yet given us a full crop. Among the
many hybrid Japans tested we can only
commend America, Sultan and Shiro.
Gonzales is very promising, but our tree
is yet too young for full cropping. The
typical Japan plum, as received from the
Orient, is little better than a tree-weed,
quick growing, early bearing, brittle in
wood, susceptible to many pests and dis¬
eases, and, in short, generally short-lived
and unsatisfactory. The seedlings raised
under our climatic conditions, whether
self-pollenized or cross-bred with other
species and varieties, arc often highly
satisfactory, and some great improve¬
ments are likely to he developed. The old
varieties must disappear, as no longer
worth planting, as new ones, better adap¬
ted for our uses, take their place. There
is little doubt that the Oriental plum,
Prunus triflora, will be recognized as
a really important addition to our fruits
only after it has been remodeled by a
long course of seedling regeneration and
intercrossing with our native kinds. There
is much evidence that this work is pro¬
ceeding with commendable rapidity.

The Official Hardy Oranges. — Con¬
siderable information, almost too much,
concerning the hardy orange hybrids de¬
veloped by our National Agricultural
Department has been given out from time
to time, worked over by up-to-date
journalists, and published in various
periodicals, but the first full official ac¬
count appears in the lately issued “Year
Book” of the Department for 1904, writ¬
ten by Messrs. Herbert J. Webber and
Walter T. Swingle, the creators of the
new fruits under consideration.

Making a Hardy Orange. — The De¬
partment experiments began as long ago
as 1892, but were interrupted by the
great freeze of 1894. which not on]y
destroyed the experimental plants, but
killed back all established orange groves
in which the work was carried on. Two
years later a new start was made, suc¬
cessful hybridization effected, and the
work further carried on through the sea¬
sons of 1897, 1S98 and 189.0, until crosses
enough were made to produce more than

1,700 seedlings. These were at first
grown in the Department greenhouses at
Washington, and later sent to a nursery
in southern Florida. When of sufficient
‘size, buds and grafts of promising speci¬
mens were established in commercial
groves in various parts of Florida, and
also distributed to the Georgia, Alabama
and other Southern experiment stations.
Fruits have been borne on a limited
number of these hybrids for the past
two years, and two of the most promising
varieties are now figured in color and
described under the names respectively
of Rusk and Willets “citranges.”

What Is a Citrange? — These fruits
are the result of hybridization between
blooms of the common sweet orange and
a hardy Asiatic member of the orange
family, commonly known as Citrus tri-
foliata. Botanists are not agreed
whether this species, which has deciduous

EARLY SEEDLING PLUM. Fig. 241.

instead of evergreen foliage, is really an
orange or lemon. It has been* given a be¬
wildering array, of generic names. The
authorities of Kew Gardens now call
it Aegle sepiaria, but it is safe to
say that nurserymen and fruit grow¬
ers, with all respect to the Kew
botanists, will not pay the slightest
attention to this decision. The plant
has shown its affinity to the orange by
uniting with it and producing new fruits
intermediate between the parents. The
Washington breeders wish to distinguish
their hybrids, which are likely to multiply
in the near future, by the group name of
Citrange — a word made up of syllables
from Citrus and orange, and as the desig
nation is a handy one it seems likely to
stick.

Not So Very Hardy. — The fruit of
Citrus trifoliata is a hard, fuzzy little
orange, less than two inches in diameter,
with many large seeds and a bitter, sour
and gummy pulp. The tree is dwarf
and thorny, with divided foliage, falling
in Autumn like that of an apple or oak.
It is quite commonly used as a hedge
plant in the South, and is truly hardy as
far north as New York. It fruits with

EARLY SEEDLING PLUM. Fig. 242.

great freedom on the Rural Grounds,
not far from Sandy Hook, N. J., and
does not winterkill, even in freezes sharp
enough to cut peaches, chestnuts and
cherries to the ground. The Rusk and
Willets citranges have endured tempera¬
tures at the various experiment stations
as low as eight and even six degrees
above zero, though not without some in¬
jury and loss. As the ordinary orange
rarely survives freezing it will be seen
that varieties that can withstand 24 or
more degrees of frost are an enormous
gain, though not altogether what is
wanted. These fruits can be grown
many hundred miles north of the present
Citrus fruit belt, and it is extremely
probable that far hardier types of edible
oranges will sooner or later be developed
from this Trifoliata parentage.

What are They Good For? — The
Rusk and Willets Citranges are described
as handsome, juicy, nearly seedless, little
oranges, about two inches in diameter,
having a pleasant flavor, with slight
aromatic tang from the hardy species,
but too sour for eating without sugar.
The uses, if these creations are accepted

in the markets, will likely be those for
which lemons and limes are adapted.

Other Hardy Orange Hybrids. — These
official Citranges, though not all that
could be hoped for, are encouraging steps
for future work. While these useful ex¬
periments at public expense were going
on, private breeders at home and abroad
have been dabbling in the same line of
work, with fairly satisfactory results.
1 he R. N.-Y. published in its issue for
August 9, 1902, the first authentic ac¬
count of a hybrid between Citrus trifo¬
liata and the Oonishiu, or Satsmna
orange, a variety of the Mandarin, Tan¬
gerine or “kid-glove” class, with easily
removable peel. Oonishiu is a prolific
and well flavored orange, commonly
grown in the Gulf States, and regarded
as about the hardiest of the evergreen,
or broad-leaved oranges, as it will often
endure a few degrees of frost. The hy¬
bridization was effected in 1892 by G.
Marti. Houston, Texas, but the resulting
seedlings did not fruit until 1901. Mr.
Marti describes the fruit as deep yellow
in color, 2l/2 inches in diameter, with
fine-textured greenish yellow flesh, juicy,
sweet and agreeable, having only acid
enough to make a pleasant flavor. The
tree endured the severe freeze of 1899,
when the temperature fell to two de¬
grees above zero* and may be regarded as
fairly hardy. Mr. Marti thinks that while
a hardy tree bearing well-flavored fruits
can be bred from the Trifoliata orange,
it is likely to be too late in ripening
greatly to extend orange culture north¬
ward.

The Montauban Hardy Orange. — A
recent number of the French Revue Hor-
ticole contains colored figure and account
of a hybrid between the cultivated orange
and “Citrus triptera,” which is but one
of the many synonyms of C. trifoliata.
The hybrid was raised by M. Armand
Bernard, Montauban, France, from seeds
fertilized in 1894. The first fruits ripened
in 1903, and are nearly three inches in
diameter, with a rather thick rind, but
too dry in flesh to be palatable. The tree
has endured without harm 12 degrees of
frost, which would answer to a tempera¬
ture of 20 degrees above zero Fahrenheit.
The leaves of all the hardier hybrids
raised by above growers are more or less
three-parted, like those of the trifoliate
parent. Other seedlings from the same
artificially pollinated fi uits, Having leaves
nearly or quite entirely like their tender,
cultivated orange parent, are all too sen¬
sitive to frost to be called “hardy,” even
in the qualified sense in which that term is
applied to Citrus fruits. w. v. F.

Lime Wash For Lice. — You remember say¬
ing you should apply the sulphur-lime to your
henhouses to kill the mites. From our expe¬
rience so far this season I am thoroughly con¬
vinced that in this new form of lime will he
found the long-sough t-for remedy for these
pests. It is so quickly prepared and applied,
and inexpensive: it saves a great deal of
time and labor, and keeps the houses white
and sweet, and certainly when this whitewash
reaches the mites and eggs and dries it leaves
them covered with an impenetrable coating of
lime. I would suggest that you ask some of
the poultrymen to try it and report in The
R. N. Y. v. e. c.

Maine.

Greex Mountain' Grape.- — Why don't you
have more to say about the good’ qualities of
the Green Mountain grape? I have the Isa¬
bella, Diana, Eumelan. Hartford Prolific,
Concord, Campbell's Early and Green Moun¬
tain. The last is worth more than all the
rest. 1 have had it more than 10 years, and
it has never failed to get ripe, and is the
best in quality I ever saw, unless it lie the
Delaware. The Campbell is good, hut all the
rest fail to ripen, only occasional berries or
bunches. Green Mountain is ripe and gone by
September 10 some years. It is the grape for
this section because of its earliness. e. g.

Ashfield, Mass.

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1 KRTII.IZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
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am.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

57 1

Hope Farm Notes

Damaged IIay. — The following letter from
a Massachusetts farmer may cause some
soaked farmer to cheer up :

“I notice your wail over damage done to
clover hay by wetting. Some experience of
mine makes me think the damage offends the
eye of the farmer more than the palate of the
cow. Some years since I cut some clover
rowen. Weather was bad, and it was cocked
up half dry. Of course it heated, and when
the sun shoue out a few days later (on a
Sunday) I spread it out to dry. The west
looked so bright that I left it spread, hoping
to get it in next day. Next morning it was
raining, and that rowen lay IS days to receive
the tears and smiles (not many smiles) of
Then when it did get a chance

ported is caused by an acid soil. I would
scatter about a pound of lime around such
trees, within a month after planting, and
keep them well mulched. I cannot say that
peach on such soil responds as freely to lime
as the apple does ; in fact, I should say that
lime is more likely to hurt the peach. I have
one peach orchard which I am sure is a mis-
lit, that is, the soil is far better adapted to
the apple. As fast as the peaches come out
1 shall plant apple trees in the vacant holes.
As a man grows older he comes to believe
more and more in adaptability. Younger men
are willing to whittle square pegs and tit
them to round holes, but it seldom pays. One
reason why the plan of planting apple, peach,
pear and plum all together fails is that there
are few soils well adapted to all. Generally,
under this system of planting “tillers,” one
kind of tree thrives at the expense of an¬
other, to say nothing of the injury done in

“Does Alfalfa require a nurse crop, and
what crop is considered best for this purpose?
Should one sow Alfalfa in the Spring or tail?
is it necessary to use a special kind of bac¬
teria for Alfalfa, or will ordinary Ited clover
bacteria have the same effect?" e.

Claverack, N. Y. >

I have done best without a “nurse” crop,
that is, when the Alfalfa was seeded alone. I
find that good farmers differ over this, just
as they do over seeding Timothy alone or
with wheat or rye. I should say that the
majority are against the “nurse” crop of
grain. My belief is that in our section late
Summer is the best time for seeding. I should
say at any time between August 1 and 15.
My own plan this year is to cut a piece of
Japanese millet early in August, when it is
fit. Then we shall put on a heavy coat of
manure and plow it under. Then we shall
broadcast lime on the furrows, and harrow
it thoroughly in, after which Alfalfa seed at
the rate of 25 pounds per acre will be broad
cast and well covered. Having done that we

the weather.

to dry it was as black as your boot, and quite starting a poorly-shaped head. I have known

a growth of green showed through it. My parents to grieve because their baby's head

foreman wanted to mulch trees with it. but I was **0ut of shape.” They generally do this
told him to put it in the barn, and we would wiDi their first child, and quit after the head must take the rest out in faith. As I under¬
offer it to the young stock, and if they would grows jnto form. The baby's head may stand it, there is a special kind of bacteria

not eat it use it for bedding. Much to my *‘siiape up," but it is hard work to put a good
surprise, they ate it as readily as any feed jlea(j on a tree that is emptied by a “filler”

I gave them. Since then I have thought hay, jn y0ULi1, . . i have told of a number of
discolored by wetting, if dried so as to keep gun-scalded trees that looked bad this Spring.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Goodhue d

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APPLETON MFG. CO.

27 FARGO ST. BATAVIA, ILL.

for the Alfalfa. Red clover will not do. If
you can find Sweet clover growing with the
warts on its roots you can use the soil in
which it grows for inoculation. 1 shall dig

by the Winter sun. I was tempted to pull
them out, but finally decided to give them a
chance. We fertilized and mulched them.
For a time they dawdled, seeming to question
whether man's attempt at kindness was worth
while in the face of Nature's bruise. Then
they started, and now look quite well. I no¬
tice that most of them are starting a hud be¬
low the sunscald marks, as though they
thought it wise to have an anchor to wind¬
ward.

Help Wanted. — Y'ou should see the letters
rolling in upon us from people who want farm
help. One who reads between the lines can
see the great drama of American farm life
acted out. Here is a note from Pennsylvania :

“We had a man farming on thirds; he had
good crop prospects, 20 acres corn, four of
potatoes,. 12 wheat hay; silo corn, good gar¬
den, dairy 17 cows, etc. Just said he was
going to quit, without a word, so wife and
two' daughters who are in a nearby store, and
myself are holding the fort. I am 68 and a
cripple, having lost most of one foot by acci¬
dent. I find too much in fodr mules, three
horses, hogs, calves, etc. The women milk.
We have 130 acres ; were fortunate to get
most of our harvest up before our man took
his spell.”

racial n ccl\ our friend in Now York WftntCfl

a crackerjack. He hasn’t appeared yet. This
man evidently doesn't hope for an expert, but
wants a plain, reliable man. I don’t suppose
any reader of The R. N.-Y. is going to say:
“Here is a brother in trouble. I will jump
in and help him out !" I don’t expect it, be¬
cause I know by sad experience that while a
good many people are willing to sing “Help a
worn and weary brother," they are going to
take'it out in singing until they see the price
in view. But this Pennsylvania farm ought
to offer a good home to some worthy family.
It is one of the chances we read about to
bring labor and capital together. Here cap¬
ital makes the advance. Now where is labor?

Home Notes. — Old Jerry toiled in the hay-
field all the week. He nearly fell under the
burden one day, hut came up with his best
imitation of a horse laugh the next morning.
He did his host, and when Sunday came he
had no ambition to accompany Bob and Nellie
to church. I saw the old fellow standing in
the stall, and thought to give him a holiday.

I told Lars to turn him into the pasture and
let him fill up on grass. Do you know that
old Jerry' nearly fought against freedom? He
refused to go up the lane and tried to get
hack into the halter in his hot stall. I have
heard of “free negroes” at the South who
were willing to go back into slavery, hut old
Jerry was the first animal I have seen who
refused freedom. We finally succeeded in
driving him into the field, where he stood for
a time apparently talking to old Major. He
seemed convinced, for he kicked up his heavy
limbs and started to eat grass. Yret in an
hour he was at the pasture gate begging to be
haltered and tied. Not a few of us are like
old Jerry. We have worked on and on for
years, and while at times the harness galls
and the load pulls hard we hate to leave it.
It would take too much of life out of us to
lay down the burden. Some of us would he
sorry to hear the children say : “Father and
Mother must rest now, and let us manage
things." We don’t like to drop the reins, for
while it has seemed a struggle to hold the
team that pull on the reins has really been
part of our support.

Alfalfa Questions. — The Alfalfa question
is like an endless spring. Here are three
good ones :

use that when I seed.

n. w. c.

without getting musty, is not injured for feed rpjie gQ^jj sj(]e of each tree was badly burned up the soil around my strongest plants, and
so much as usually supposed. Don't throw
away that clover hay, dry It well and ask
the cow how much it is hurt.' m. mouse.

It may he that the eye and nose are not
good instruments for deciding hay values, yet
we would depend on them when buying. You
certainly could not sell such hay as Mr.

Morse tells about, but it is pretty safe to
trust the cow. I left about one-third of that
clover around the trees, and hauled the lest
down. Had It been nearer the barn I would
have hauled it all in, but I cannot believe
that such discolored stuff is first-class fodder.

It may do to feed young stock on, but if what
the scientific men tell us is true the soaking
and stewing must take considerable of the
nutriment out of clover. We do not need all
our clover for feeding this year, and so I feel
justified in leaving some of it on the back
fields.

Good Haying. — The daily showers threat¬
ened to make haying a nuisance, hut all of a
sudden the weather changed. Clouds gath¬
ered day after day, but hardly a drop fell for
nearly a week, except one or two little sprin¬
kles at night. A few miles away from us
the ground was soaked daily, but on our hills
we were as dry as a bone. Still the skj
threatened, and we were cautious. Our plan
was to cut enougu giao.. . mnmin" for the
next day’s hauling. This cutting was raked
in the afternoon, and left over night in the
swath. The next morning it was shaken out
to the sun and air, so that it went into the
barn smelling like tea. We never had better
hay or more of it, and I have to smile as I
think how 10 days ago the prospect seemed
good for a lot of discolored, damaged trash.

I enjoyed driving the mowing machine in
the early morning on our high hill. The
great sweep of the valley below us, the dark
woods behind, the young apple trees starting
thrifty and green from the grass, the clouds
sailing overhead and the great glory of the
sunshine fairly spilling from the sky all
around us was enough to start the music in
any man— if he has any in him. Most of
us have a little, but it is hard to get it out.

The thing that came into my mind to sing at
that time was “Rest 'Thee Here. Thou Trou¬
bled Spirit.” It didn't pay, for Boh took me
right at my word, and stopped pulling, leav¬
ing Jerry to haul the mower alone ! I chopped
off a couple of young peach trees too. Sing¬
ing Is well enough at the hoe or plow, but not
on the mowing machine, especially among
young trees. Y’ou need every faculty alert
when at such a job. As soon as the hay is
off the field one of the hoys takes a hand rake
and pulls all the scatterings up around the
trees. Then the weeds along the walls and
corners are cut, and also used as mulch. This
is Merrill’s job for the Summer. lie takes
Boh in the small wagon and hauls trash,
weeds, forest leaves, anything that will rot,
so that each young tree will have a good pile
around it.

Tree Notes. — The trees are responding to
this treatment, and most of them look well.

In one orchard Merrill has blocked out an
experiment in fertilizing. On most of the
rows he has used a fertilizer containing two
per cent nitrogen, seven of phosphoric acid
and 10 of potash. On others he used nitrate
of soda alone, on others muriate of pot¬
ash alone, while on others lime covered
with a good-sized pile of forest leaves. I
have an idea that this sod is in need of pot¬
ash and lime. We hope to learn rrom this
experiment. ... I am more and more
convinced that apple trees planted in rough,
uncleared l'and or land recently cleared, need
lime. I think the poor dawdling growth re-

II- YOU TV M

Well

Hay Loaders. — fi have used a loader one
season, and like it very much. I would not
know how to get along without it, help being
so scarce. We have put a load on in seven
minutes. I had about 75 tons last year, and
did my haying with a hoy and a $10 man,
and was through before my neighbors were
about half through. I can take it out of
windrow or swath perfectly clean, but it pays
to rake it, because you do not have to drive
as far to get a load and do not worry your
team as much. Of course you have to take
advantage of hills, as they draw a little hard.

I think a loader will pay for itself in from
one to two years. If I had but 25 acres I
should want one. I could take my 13-year-
old boy and do my haying alone. I have
bought a side delivery rake, but have not
used it yet, but am convinced they ought
to go with a loader. My neighbor has one
and it works nicely. I can start loader
as soon as rake if desired. They make a
straight windrow, and rake sideways of hill,
so as to use loader same way. They leave
hay loose like a feeder and make smaller
windrows, throwing two together if desired.
Of course these tools take up some room in
housing in Winter. W. S. L.

Odessa, N. Y.

Durable and Inexpensive Bench. — An ex¬
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following manner, says the American Florist :
Common drain tile are used for posts and are
set in concrete. Rests for steampipes, of the
same material, are laid crosswise. For the
box a false bottom is made of lumber, and
overlaid with concrete, one inch in thickness,
in which is imbedded common wire netting
the width and length of the bench. Cross
pieces of one-inch pipe, about two feet apart,
will give added strength. Galvanized siding
is used. This is not an expensive bench and
will last a lifetime.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

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TANKS

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C A. L D W ELL

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Ask for Illustrated cat¬
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also references.

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SAVE YOUR BACK

Save time, horses, work

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Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U S. BU0QY & CART C0„ Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

2 Tons in I Hour with I Good Horse

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We also make Hand Feed Presses 2V4 Stro.kes to 1 Revolution; Saw Mills; Shingle Mills;
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Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

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572

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 29,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collingwood, Editor.

Du. Walter Van Fleet, I . „

Mrs. K. T. Kovle, f Associates.

John J. Dillon, business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal I’ostal Union, $2.04
equal to 8s. Gd., or ay* marks, or 10 '/j iraucs.

“ A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in (his paper Is
backed by a responsible person But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made Id money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it. we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Robert Cheatham of the Southern Cotton Growers’
Association seems to deserve well of his fellow men.
He felt sure that the Government crop reports were
helping speculators instead of farmers. When he said
so he was rebuffed. Then he went out and made sure
of his facts and came again — this time he made his
point. There in a nutshell is the lesson for farmers
We must make sure of our facts and then, as Mr.
Mead says on page 569, hit hard!

*

The California Fruit Grower gets much truth into a
few lines:

The Spencer Seedless Apple Company of New Jersey and
New England has been incorporated, supposedly to propa
gale a seedless apple. If the company is as successful in
working the fruit growers of the country as it has been in
working t lie newspapers for free advertising, its promoters
will be able to hire John D. Rockefeller as office boy in
a few years.

Whether the fruit growers can be “worked” or not
remains to be seen. There doesn’t seem to he much
trouble in harnessing most of the papers. The latest
thing is to credit Luther Burbank with “originating”
the seedless apple. That ought to please Burbank !

*

A character in one of Charles Reade’s stories was a
music fraud. He drew a salary for playing the violin
in an orchestra — yet he hardly knew one note from
another. He rubbed soap on his bow and then went
through the motions of playing. By watching the mo¬
tions of the others and putting on a solemn face he
actually drew his salary and gained a reputation as a
fair fiddler. Every occupation has its share of such
men. They look wise and go through the motions, and
get credit and pay for helping do the world’s work.
Some of them use soft soap on their bows. It would
startle us if we could know how much those humbugs
consume of the people’s money.

*

A daily paper says that the Government crop reports
are valuable, except that a good many are sent by
farmers, “who are sure to favor their own business !”
What would you have them do? Play into the hands
of the railroads and produce dealers? Some people
seem to think that all a farmer is good for is to work
at producing food and fiber at barely living wages — the
handlers in town and city to get the profit. Some years
ago the wholesale price of apples was set by the buyers.
It was a part of their business to begin about this time
of the year to talk big crop and low prices. Their
agents went about telling fruit growers that there never
was such a crop of fruit. Farmers were not well in¬
formed at that time, and many of them were frightened
into selling their crop far below what it was worth.
The year before the New York State Fruit Growers
were organized The R. N.-Y. collected reports which
showed a scarcity of good fruit. As a result many
readers held their apples and realized a handsome profit.
These reports came from farmers who knew more than
any other class of citizens how crops compared with
former years. Because a railroad carries the produce

and a broker sells it we are given to understand that
every advantage should be turned to their credit. The
fact is that any advantage should be given to the
farmer, with those who serve him coming next.

*

1 he plain farmers of America won independence for
this country. 1 he armies of the Revolution contained
a great proportion of fanners turned soldier. They
were often rough, hard men — fighters from childhood
against wild beasts, wild men and hard soil. Now, 125
years after these men did their work, they arc held
up as noble specimens of American manhood. The
strange part of it is that many people who have taken
up the fad of honoring these old farmers have little or
no use for the farmer of to-day. They will write poetry
and erect monuments to the memory of farmers who
have been dead for 75 years, but the living man upon
the soil to-day must erect his own monument. He is
doing it — building up honest service and contempt for
folly.

*

The tobacco growers claim that Government reports
regarding their crops have been manipulated and
doctored.” Wheat and corn growers have not made
serious complaint, yet there is a general feeling that if
the cotton report was used to make money for rogues
no one can tell what has been done with others. It is
tin's “if” which betrays lack of confidence. We believe,
as we have for some time past, that the Agricultural
Department should give up the secret features of its
crop reporting. It should also state more clearly what
its reports mean. When it states that “corn has fallen
off five points,” the general public should know what
the five points amount to, and what they have “fallen
off” from. The Government has excellent facilities for
collecting these reports, but there is no sense in going
to the expense of collecting them for the purpose of
helping grain gamblers and handlers.

*

The demand for good apples in the South grows
larger every year. In Florida alone there is a constant
demand through the Winter for this fruit. More and
more of the stores in the little towns are handling
apples, and in time the majority of the. Florida people
will be full fledged members of the Apple Consumers’
League Some curious stories are told of the way
apples are sent to Florida. Last year a New York
grower put fruit in bushel boxes, left little spaces be¬
tween the boxes in the car. and filled in with oats.
The apples carried perfectly in this way, and the oats
sold at a profit. Direct shipments of fruit from respon¬
sible parties give good satisfaction as a rule. The
repacked fruit is often very poor — with small and wormy
apples in the center of the package. The South affords
one of the best markets for good apples, and whenever
the southern people have money they will buy.

*

The following advertisement is said by the Atchison
Globe to be running in a good many newspapers:

If your corn crop fails, there’s another way. Remember
in case of crop failure you can virtually raise a crop of
wheat or corn on the Board of Trade. If you intended
raising 5,000 bushels of corn this season, and unfavorable
conditions cause the crop to fail, you can buy 5,000 bushels
of corn or wheat through us, and without the care and
trouble of handling the grain you can reap the same benefits.
On the other hand, if you wish to take advantage of a bulge
in tlie market, and sell your grain at a top figure, you can¬
not do it by the slow method of sending the grain in car
lots. Watch our market closely, and when there is a bulge,
sell through us the amount of grain you have to market,
and deliver it on this contract. It is the modern, up-to-
date method of marketing your farm products, insuring you
the highest market price and no expense, delay, or dis¬
agreeable work connected with the shipping.

What a demoralizing invitation for the lambs to come
in and he shorn ! Yet it will attract many who would
ignore other forms of the get-rich-quick fraud, and it
means a little less of comfort, and a good deal more
of care, to many a hard-working family. Lean years
come at times to the best of farms, but the leanest of
years to the farmer are those in which he tries to
gamble at long range in some speculative field.

*

We still receive questions about “creamery sharks,”
though not so many as formerly. The “shark” operates
on about the following plan. A smooth-talking agent
appears in a neighborhood where there is no creamery,
and goes about among farmers arguing in favor of
one. He is usually introduced by some “well-known
citizen.” The usual plan is to hire some farmer to
play the part of Judas by helping “work up the scheme”
and taking stock in the creamery as payment for
services. The plan is to form a co-operative company,
each farmer taking one or more shares at $100. the
agent agreeing to erect and equip the building for a
stated sum. In the majority of cases the agent charges
40 per cent or more above the cost of a creamery larre
enough for the needs of the patrons. It is usually too
large. It is not possible to obtain enough milk to keep

it going, and in the majority of cases the enterprise is
a failure, and the building is abandoned. There have
been so many failures where creameries were organized
in this way that we think it safest to advise readers to
have nothing to do with a scheme engineered by a
stranger. I lie principle of co-operation is right in
theory but it is hard to see how an outsider can come
to a neighborhood and do what old neighbors have
failed to do. We should let the creamery shark alone.

*

1 here are people in this country who believe in the
“brown peril”— that is, the fear of what the victorious
Japanese may do. It is not likely that the little brown
men will be satisfied to settle on their small islands.

J hey feel that Togo and Oyama have made Japan a
“world power,” and the world will at least feel the
effects of their efforts to prove this belief. The Pacific
Rural Press states that on the whole the Chinese have
proved better farm laborers than the Japanese, and even
m California there are people who believe in excluding
the Japanese and giving free entry once more to the
Chinese. It seems that the Japanese are preparing to
grow rice on a large scale in Texas. Reports are that
they have secured 9,800 acres of suitable land already.

I he head of tins enterprise is reported to have said:

Farming is the only enterprise that it seems can he
profitably undertaken in America by the Japanese. In the
manufacturing industries the Americans ate using large
capital and extensive machinery and are making every effort
to reduce the cost of production. The progress in the eco¬
nomical use of machinery is very conspicuous, hut in agri¬
culture they ate unable to employ Ihesse methods, and there¬
fore do not: question the comparatively high prices for
vegetables and grains they consume. The reason seems to
be their absolute devotion to the manufacturing industries,
which leaves them no time to consider other enterprises. Tt
is, theiefore, in agriculture that the Japanese in America
are most likely to meet with success.

The Japanese are a frugal, hard-working people and
would see Lieut possibilities for profitable farming in
conditions from which Americans have run away. It is
true that manufacturing has been placed above agri¬
culture in public estimation. In one way farmers them¬
selves are responsible for this, for they have rushed to
invest their savings in other industries instead of putting
a fair amount of money in their own farms. We believe
that now the tide is turning, and that each year will
see a steady gain for agriculture. T here is every reason
why this should be so. I hink of a future in which
A mprioann art .•diut in ruciuries and cities, while art
inferior but more patient race produces food and fiber!

BREVITIES .

The general hay crop seems to be good quality, hut light
yield.

The profits of squab raising seem to he put into a pigeon
hole — or the squab’s mouth.

On page 568 Prof. Alwood defends the use of white
lead and linseed oil for painting young trees.

“You often speak of ‘philosophy — what do you mean by
it?” “Well, a good definition is ‘self-control.’”

The income from a hen, page 578, calls for further
figures. What do hens say in your neighborhood?

Philosophy for the homely man — the peacock’s tail
has beautiful colors, but who wants to carry it around?

British engineers say that with a proper system of irri¬
gation Mesopotamia, the ancient granary of the world, can
be made into a great cotton-producing section.

Secretary Shaw says that a deficit of $25,000,000 in the
National Treasury would not be at all alarming. Still, we
should hardly regard it as a matter for congratulation.

When a man takes an ignorant farm hand, gets him well
trained and careful, endures his mistakes — and then some
farmer takes him away at a higher figure — then one needs
to he a philosopher.

In a dry season no one can hope to grow a full crop of
corn when lie sows cow peas or Crimson clover at the last
cultivation. The gain in the catch crop Is made at the
expense of the corn, yet it may pay. In a wet season the
catch crop will not hurt t lie corn.

A Spanish poet wrote a poem In praise of little women.
A farmer writes this in favor of small horses: “I have
found the small horses on the farm are much like one of
the old sayings, strong medicines are done up in small
packages, as they can be adapted to almost any work, and
are longer lived than the overgrown ones.”

According to press reports the town of Merriwa, New
South Wales, is disturbed by a plague of mice. Food, water,
and bedding are contaminated; in four nights 10,000 mice
were killed in one store and the people are fighting the terri¬
ble little vermin night and day. Apparently they have no
hope of relief unless they can locate the Pied Piper of Ilam-
elin.

The recent discussion of mules and their virtues may cause
one to wonder why a mule team is a rarity in New’ York
streets. The explanation is given, however, that mules are
not suited to paved streets. Their small hoofs do not ap¬
pear able to withstand cobblestones and Belgian blocks for
any length of time, and their most effective work is done on
dirt roads.

During one week recently 125 persons died in this city
from organic heart disease, while the death rate from this
cause the corresponding wreek in 1904 was 50. Physicians
say that the hurry and high pressure of city life are causing
a great increase in heart disease and similar ills. American
“hustle”’ and the quick lunch are held to be twin agents of
destruction.

1S05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

573

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The Chicago Tribune has been investigating
the subject of “graft" in public offices throughout the United
States. The reports from correspondents show that in fully
two-thirds of the States of the Union graft is prevailing on
a wholesale scale and that the flagrant offenses have aroused
the victims to demand and inflict punishment. In some
States it is found that legislators have been guilty of ac¬
cepting bribes. In California they have been expelled and
one lias been sent to jail. In other States, as in Arkansas,
Ihey are under indictment. In many, as in New York, favors
are admittedly a matter of barter and sale. In New Orleans
and other cities it is found that the police are leagued with
criminals to prey upon the law-abiding citizens, and in
others, as in Philadelphia, politicians have grown rich from
the earnings of disreputable dives. In scores of cities the
city administrations are being investigated by grand juries,
who are uncovering corrupt practices that were suspected but
now revealed. Prominent citizens are being brought to
shame before those who had been taught to regard their
probity as above reproach, and they stand before their fel¬
low-citizens as perverters of justice and instigators of
violations of the laws for their private profit. In Oregon a
Senator of the United States has been convicted, and Con¬

gressmen are on trial. The Inquiry develops that in only 11
States is there no charge of graft or investigation threat¬
ening. But among those exempt are Colorado, which has
been recently the scene of tremendous ballot frauds; Dela¬
ware, whose electorate is notoriously corrupt ; Kentucky,
where, however, a Governor was shot not many months
ago to prevent his inauguration ; Mississippi, where more
than half the citizens are disfranchised ; Montana, where
politics is a mere struggle between rival copper kings. Of
those exempt only six really stand with clear skirts — viz. :
Georgia, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan and North
Carolina. . . . Fifteen girls employed in a mattress

factory at Pittsburg, Pa., went on strike July 11, because
the firm employed Estella Wells, a young negress, in the
office of the company as a stenographer and typewriter.
The strikers were employed at sewing mattresses and they
demanded the dismissal of the colored girl because they
claimed that a negress had no right to be employed at such
pleasant work, in the olttce, while they were compelled to
work in the factory. When the firm refused to dismiss the
girl, they struck. . . . The Norwegian steamship Bratten,

Captain II. Ilolm, from Ceiba, Honduras, which reached New
Orleans July 12, reported a startling tragedy on the small
trading schooner Olympia, bound from Utilla for Truxillo,
via Kuatan, to purchase cattle. The crew and passengers,
12 in all, were murdered by a negro, Robert McGill, except
one passenger, a young woman, who escaped by swimming
ashore, after being struck on the head with an oar. McGill
shot all his victims. He forced one of the crew of the
schooner to scuttle her. He then shot him and escaped in
a dory. He was subsequently captured at El l’rovener, Hon¬
duras. The captain of the Olympia had .$1,400 in his cabin.
The murderer was subsequently lynched by_citizens of Utilla.
A mob of natives surrounded the jail and demanded the
prisoner, who was surrendered to them. A disposition was
shown at first to burn him at the stake, but the more con¬
servative citizens prevented this and the negro was hanged,
lie is described as a giant. The Constitution of Honduras
prohibits capital punishment and the only punishment for

McGill's 11 murders would have been imprisonment .

One person was killed and 14 injured, two probably fatally,
by a tornado which swept a portion of the Rosebud Iteserva-
iiuii. t..i,. iv At least three small towns

are known to have been struck by the storm. Roy McFadden
was killed near St. Elmo. Eight persons were injured at
Herrick and several buildings destroyed. At Burke six peo¬
ple were injured, including James’ Jensen, his wife and
baby, the latter two of whom may die. . . . The Chicago

express drivers formerly employed by the seven railway ex¬
press companies will remain on strike for the present at
least. This was decided July 10 by the members of the Ex¬
press Drivers’ Union when a referendum vote was taken
on the proposition of calling off the strike. The decision
to continue the struggle was carried by a majority of 42
votes. ... In the presence of 2.000 persons who had
gathered July 18 at the Santa Clara College grounds. Santa
Clara, Cal., to see the flight of Prof. John .1. Montgomery's
aeroplane, (he Santa Clara, the machine collapsed when at
the height of nearly half a mile and Aeronaut Daniel Ma¬
loney was hurled to the ground. The wings of the flying
machine were splintered into match wood, and Maloney,
who was picked up with a fractured skull, lived only an
hour. . . . Chief Statistician Hyde of the Department of
Agriculture resigned his position July 18, and the resigna¬
tion has been accepted by Secretary Wilson. Assistant Sec¬
retary Hays has been detailed to take charge of the statis¬
tical work until the vacancy shall be filled. . . . At
Penn Yan, N. Y„ on July 10. in the action for loss of sheep
by a dog brought by Charles C. Underwood, of Potter,
against Cassius C. and Hattie A. Lester, which was tried be¬
fore Justice of the Peace Gilbert II. Baker, the verdict was
tor the plaintiff for $188.85, the sum which the appraisers
decided the sheep worth. . . Six persons were burned

to death in a hotel fire at Wabasha. Minn., July 18. .

Philadelphia, Atlantic City and Baltimore were the three
hottest cities in the country July 18. At Philadelphia the
official temperature was recorded at 98.8 degrees, although
street thermometers showed that the mercury had climbed
beyond the century mark. The hot wave is general east of
the Rocky Mountains, extending well into the New England
States. Deaths are reported by the hundreds, 25 dying in
Chicago. New Yorkers sweltered, while the suffering’ in the
tenement district passed all bounds. To add to the discom¬
fiture of Brooklynites, a water famine was imminent and the
icemen were on strike. In New York the city authorities
gave permission for the parks to be used as sleeping places,
and many thousands took advantage of the onnortunity
. . . Arguments were begun before Judge Smith Mc¬

Pherson, in the United States Circuit Court. St. Louis,
Mo., July 18, on the petition filed by Edward G. Lewis, ask¬
ing that the fraud order issued by Postmaster General Cor-
telyou denying Lewis and the People’s United States Bank
the use of the mails, be set aside. At the opening of the
court District Attorney Dyer filed an answer to Lewis’s
petition for injunction. He alleges that Congress has au¬
thorized the Postmaster General to issue such a fraud order
as that against the Lewis bank, and has constituted him a
court of last resort in such cases, and that under the Con¬
gressional act the Postmaster General’s action cannot be
attacked in a court of equity unless he is charged with fraud
or malice.

ENRICH COUNTRY RATHER THAN CITY.

Commenting on the 10.000.000 poverty-stricken (mostly
in our cities) and the “tragical figure” of the “hungry lab¬
orer wandering about the crowded centers of industry and
wealth, begging in vain for permission to share in that
industry” (page 300). The R. N.-Y. remarks in closing that
“It; remains true that the improvement of this great army
of poverty so that it may buy food and clothing offers the
best industrial opportunity which farmers have in sight.”
To this comment allow me to interpose the objection that
P is based on an entirely unsound philosophy, as shown by
the history of society and logical sequence in the develop¬
ment of industries. Were cities first formed and then
farms developed to supply those cities, or were cities and
towns developed as a logical outcome of the needs of, and
for the service of. the country people? This comment to
me seems to involve the old sophistry that has so often
fooled so many farmers, and has done so much to impov¬
erish the country and consequently to depopulate it. and
so much to enrich and build up and ultimately crowd the
cities and towns. It puts the cart before the horse. It is
not for the service of the cities that thn country was
created, but, on the other hand, it was on the country

surplus, and only as there was a surplus, that the cities
and towns were developed for the service of the country
through the specialization of parts of the original farm life
and work, as country prosperity could afford it, particu¬
larly manufacturers.

It has long been the argument of cities, and, sad to say,
the sophistry has been effective, that the country should
first enrich the cities and towns, that they may buy of the
country. Is it not quite time, especially for farmers and
farm papers, to turn this statement of the case squarely
around to face with fact and the true philosophy and his¬
tory of industrial development, and insist that the country
should first be made rich enough to buy of and support the
cities? Then according as the country prospered the cities
that were developed to serve the country needs would also
prosper. For example : If a reasonable prosperity enabled
the farmers to furnish their homes as city homes are fur¬
nished, and as in a very few exceptional cases once in a
while a country home is furnished (with steam or hot
water, heat and other things to match), supplying these
crying needs of the farmers would keep our factories run¬
ning overtime for a long while. But no. the farmers are too
poor. They have been told to build up and enrich the cities
and towns so as to have a big market to sell to. They
have been robbed, and are being robbed, and scarcely any
of the coveted comforts and necessities .but cost every cent
of double what they ought to. The country people fool¬
ishly followed this unphilosophical policy of city enrich¬
ment instead of country enrichment, this putting the cart
before the horse plan. They have been robbed or have
robbed themselves ; have become discouraged, and have
flocked to the cities and towns in the often vain hope of
bettering their condition by sharing in the spoils they see
there being heaped up. The greatest problem of this coun¬
try, indeed of all countries, is to establish a proper equilib¬
rium between country and city population, and the most
patriotic life work, it seems to me, is to labor for the solu¬
tion of that problem. a.. wetmork.

CROP PROSPECTS.

As far as I have been able to ascertain, the Potato beetles
are very much in evidence in this section. I know of only
one potato grower in this vicinity, besides myself, who uses
Bordeaux Mixture. e. a. h.

Windham, N. Y.

The Maine fruit crop will not be over 50 per cent of last
year's crop. The hot. dry weather that has prevailed since
the first of the month is causing the apples to drop. The
foliage is rank, however, and except the Baldwins, and now
and then an old variety, the trees are generally looking
well. d. h. K.

Farmington, Me.

Haying was retarded by wet weather but is being pushed
now. Those who did not wait for settled weather lost
heavily. Wheat, of which very little is grown, is in shock,
also the early oats ; a good crop. Corn promises a full crop
with us. Summer apples are plentiful, green, but have been
using them for two weeks. Fall apples will be about the
usual crop, while the crop of Winter apples will be< short.
We had lots of berries, and grapevines are loaded. No
peaches or plums this year. j. s.

Corning, Iowa.

The strawberry season has been shortened by the intense
heat of the past week : still the crop has panned out rather
better than the previous two seasons. For three weeks we
have had no rain beyond slight sprinklings, hardly suffi¬
cient to wet the surface of the ground, but fortunately the
latter part of June gave us inside of 24 hours about four
inches of rainfall. This and frequent heavy dews and fogs
have prevented what might have been a disastrous drought.
The hay crop is somewhat better than last year, and all
crops now promise well. Raspberries and blackberries win¬
ter-killed somewhat, but not to the extent of the previous
season, and will have fair crops. h. ii. b.

Jewett, Conn. _

THE OUTLOOK FOR HAY.

From information we are in receipt of from the different
States which ship hay to this market we believe there will
be a good average crop; but from several States we are in¬
formed the harvesting has been interrupted more or less
by rain, which impairs the crop to some extent; we believe,
however, there will be an average yield. The above applies
to Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and New York.

New York. dusenbery & co.

Reports as far as I have heard them are varied, but in
boiling them down we are convinced that in this section of
the country, say Pennsylvania. New Jersey. Delaware and
Maryland, which cut quite a figure in supplying the Phila¬
delphia market, there is a decidedly light crop, particularly
in New Jersey, while parts of Pennsylvania and Maryland
do better. The quality of the new crop will be pretty gen
erally poor; it is unfortunate that so many of our Penn¬
sylvania farmers have allowed their meadows to become
old and foul, consequently the hay will be more or less
grassy and weedy, with the hay grown from higher lands
showing a very large percentage of clover; in fact, the
percentage of clover from all points, including Ohio Indiana
and Michigan, we understand will predominate, and we are
afraid that the percentage of strictly pure Timothy will be
much smaller this year than last. Prices are perhaps so low
that it will prevent a very early movement of the new
crop', and we do not look for it to appear on the market to
any very great extent until our prices get at least $1 to $•>
a ton higher. e. jl. rogbrs,

Philadelphia. _ _

ASPARAGUS RUST IN CALIFORNIA.

Asparagus rust has been known as a not particularly seri¬
ous disease in Europe for the last hundred years, and has
probably existed in some form .since asparagus was brought
under cultivation, but it only became a disastrous epidemic
in our Atlantic States in 189(5, and spread steadily west¬
ward until it appeared in California in 1901. It ‘is now
thoroughly established on the Pacific coast, and fully as
destructive there as elsewhere. It may be said to be ‘even
more so, as California growers, in order to cover the ex¬
orbitant freight charges on their product, whether fresh or
canned, when shipped to eastern markets, cut from March
to early July, through a season of quite 100 days, thus giv¬
ing the plants only a comparatively short growing season
to recuperate, which the rust, by killing the tops long be¬
fore growth would naturally cease, greatly curtails. Aspar¬
agus planting in California enjoyed a great boom during
the years following the first outbreak of rust in New Eng¬
land. Long Island and New Jersey. The eastern output fell
off. and the demand, especially for the canned article, rap¬
idly increased. R. N.-Y. readers may remember talk of a
boycott by California growers against eastern asparagus
plants and seeds. They greatly dreaded invasion by rust,
and were apprehensive that seeds or plants from infested
localities would bring in the disease, but subsequent investi¬
gation has shown it is not disseminated by this means, but
spreads rapidly by Summer spores blown about by winds,
occasionally skipping extensive districts where little as¬
paragus is grown. Although rust only appeared in Cali¬
fornia fields in 1901, by 1903, seven years after its first
outbreak on the Atlantic Coast, the effects were so disas¬
trous that the alarmed growers asked their State Legis¬
lature for an appropriation to enable the University of
California to investigate and aid in suppressing the pest.
The Legislature “turned down” the appeal, and as the
university had no funds it could legally devote to the matter
a sum of $2,500 was contributed by the growers for this
purpose. The University selected Prof. Ralph E. Smith,
formerly of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, as in¬
vestigator. ITis report has lately been published as Bulle¬
tin No. 165, California Experiment Station. Tn this bulletin
we have the most lucid account of Asparagus rust that has
come to us. The life history of the pest has been well
worked out, but practical means for controlling it are far
from being perfected.

THE RUST A TOUGH CUSTOMER.— The rust is a para¬
sitic organism belonging to the genus Puccinia. growing
solely on the green tops of asparagus. It does not trouble

the young sprouts as cut for market, but lives over Winter
in the form of spores that germinate in Summer and attack
the tissues of the stem and foliage, growing in between the
cells and feeding on the chlorophyll or vital green matter
contained therein, thus causing the early death and decay
of the tops, preventing the roots from storing up food sup¬
plies for next season's crop, and in the end greatly weak¬
ening or killing the plant. Three kinds of spores are de¬
veloped in a season, the Spring or green spore, the red or
Summer spore, which is very abundant, causing the ap¬
pearance popularly known as rust, and the black or Winter
spore, which does not become dusty like the Summer rust,
but carries the infection over in the soil or on decayed
leaves and branches until the following Spring. Each spore,
so minute that it can only be distinguished under a micro¬
scope, but so abundant that millions are set free from
every plant, is capable of reproducing and continuing the
plague under suitable conditions. Each stage is worse than
rhe preceding. The Spring form does little harm ; the
Summer or red rust stage is highly destructive, and is
responsible for the general spread of the parasite, but the
black or Winter rust finishes the growth of the asparagus
for the season, and securely cans the pest, so to speak, until
another season arrives. The last two stages are closely
linked together, the red and black rusts being borne on the
same mycelium, which permeates the asparagus tops and
breaks out in numerous pustules or fruiting patches. The
Spring and Summer spores are borne everywhere by slight
air currents, and germinate in a few hours in a drop of
dew or moisture, sending out tubes that penetrate the
breathing pores of the asparagus plant on which they may
be lodged. Countless numbers die because the moisture dries
before they acquire a foothold, but enough survive to in¬
fect about every susceptible plant in the vicinity. So far as
known this organism, I’uccinia asparagi, does not thrive on
any other plant, than garden asparagus. The black or
Winter rust is heavier, and lies in the soil about the clump,
ready to grow and penetrate the young shoots at the
proper time.

CONTROLLING THE RUST. — Much experimental work
has been done with fungicides, for preventing attacks and
controlling the disease, without particularly brilliant suc¬
cess. Bordeaux and similar mixtures are uncertain in their
action, and cannot profitably be used. The smooth stems
and needle-like foliage of asparagus are hard to cover with
any liquid preparation. They have a tendency to gather
in drops and fall off before the fungicide effect is product.

SULPHUR PROMISES WELL.— The most successful ap¬
plication is that of fine, dry sulphur blown on with a pow¬
erful dust gun when the plants are moist with dew or
freshly covered with Bordeaux and soap. The hot 'ali-
fornia sun vaporizes the sulphur later to an appreciable ex¬
tent. and has been shown greatly to reduce the ravages
of the pest. Fungus organisms and their spores are very
sensitive to sulphurous fumes and vapors, even when so
enormously diluted that they have little effect on plants
of higher organization. Sulphur promises well, and may
be practically handled by large growers able to procure the
necessary equipment, but does not hold out much hope for
the small cultivator. From 100 to 200 pounds of powdered
sulphur should be used for an application, which should
probably be repeated in midsummer. Sulphur only prom¬
ises well in a climate that is hot and practically rainless
during the growing season, from May to October. It must
remain on the plants or in the soil, and there must he
sufficient solar hea.t to convert some of it into fumes or
vapor. In the East it would probably soon be washed away
by rain. Eastern growers must still rely on selection of re¬
sistant varieties, give high fertilization, thorough culture,
and be content with a shorter cutting season. These re¬
sources have been well worked out by the practical Long
Inland and New Jersey growers, aided by the experiment
stations of their respective States. w. v. f.

MEASURE OF DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF
WARRANTY IN THE SALE OF SEEDS.

Dealers in seeds and farmers’ supplies no doubt have a
good many risks in their business, but they are as nothing
compared with the chances they take in selling their goods,
for if a seedsman by some accident or mistake sell one
seed tor another, he becomes liable in heavy damages, as
will appear from the following instances which have been
decided by the courts : First it becomes necessary to ex¬
plain and define a legal term which has to be used in con¬
nection with this subject. It is the word warranty. A
warranty is an agreement by which the seller of an article
undertakes to guarantee the existence of certain facts in
regard to that article. Thus when one man buys a horse
from another, and the seller represents the horse to be
sound, and the other buys the horse upon the strength of
that representation, there is a warranty, and if the horse
turns out to be unsound the buyer is entitled to damages.
The measure of damages in a case like this would be the
difference between the value of the horse and the nrice paid
for him. But where there is a breach of warranty, in
the sale of seeds, the damages are far greater than they
would be in the case of some other commodity. The follow¬
ing is a summary of the leading cases that have been de¬
cided by the courts touching this subject :

A sold to B a quantity of wheat, warranting that it would
grow. The wheat turned out to be old crop wheat and
the crop proved a failure. The court held that A was en¬
titled to recover what the wheat would have been worth if
the crop had been good, less the value of the bad crop.
Another seedsman sold seed barley, representing it to be
Chevalier seed barley. The purchaser re-sold it to a far¬
mer who sowed it. It turned out to be of an inferior qual¬
ity. The court held the buyer entitled to the value of a
crop of Chevalier barley less the value of the inferior
crop. The case where a seedsman sold a quantity of cab¬
bage seed should prove of interest. The seed was repre¬
sented to be Bristol cabbage seed. It was not, and the
seedsman was required to pay the value of the crop of
Bristol cabbages, such as ordinarily would have been pro¬
duced, less the expense of raising the crop and the value
of the crop actually raised. Then there was a case where
a seedsman sold some cabbage seed which he warranted to
be “Van Wycklin’s Early Flat Dutch cabbage seed" It
resembled that seed, but it was not, and upon being planted
proved unproductive. In that case the court decided as in
the other, with the additional remark that the seedsman
was not entitled to deduct the cost of the tillage of the
ground from the value of the crop produced by the inferior
seed.

Still another seedsman sold turnip seed, representing it
to be “Early Strap-leaf Red-top turnip seed.” It turned
out to be a different kind, and the crop was lost. The
seedsman had to pay the same damages. A florist bought
bulbs with the understanding that they were to be used for
the purpose of raising lilies for a certain market. The
measure of damages was held to be the difference between
the value of the crop raised and the crop that could have
been raised if the mistake had not been made. The courts
have even gone so far as to hold that where a farmer
ordered a thrashing machine which was not delivered on
time, and in consequence of which the farmer’s wheat was
stacked and afterwards injured by rain, that the manu¬
facturer of the machine was liable for the value of the
wheat.

The most interesting case of all is where a farmer went
to a druggist to buy some Paris-green, which he needed for
killing cotton worms, and the druggist, knowing this, de¬
livered an inferior article as Paris-green. Although the
druggist did this in good faith and without warranty, he
was nevertheless held liable in damages for the failure of
the crop caused thereby, and the measure of damages was the
value of the crop just before its destruction with the cost of
the compound and its preparation and application, together
with the interest on the money thus expended. Thus we
see that a seedsman by making a slight mistake can put
himself in a very embarrassing position. But the law is
perfectly just, for the damage sustained bv the farmer Is
even greater than the law allows him to recover: for it is
not at all likely that in the cases mentioned above the in¬
jured parties were given the benefit of anv rise in price in
the respective commodities. henry keein.

574

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 29.

l Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

JENNY IN THE CITY.

Jenny in the city — buildings climb so high,
Shet out all the sunshine o’ the Summer sky !
Evermore a-longin’ fer the medders sweet,
Rivers makin’ music, violets at her feet.

Jenny in the city — dreamin’ o' the place
Where the old time roses smiled in her dear
face ;

Pathway through the woodlands, bells that
ring to rest,

Mockin’-bird a-singin', with blossoms at his
breast.

Jenny in the city, “It's so far to roam !

Want to hear the latch click at the gate o'
home !

Want to see the mornin’ lightin’ up the hills.
An' the cool, deep hollows sweet with whip-^
poorwills.”

Take her hand an’ tell her, “Same sun lights
the day ;

Home’s .iest where we make it, an’ never far
away.”

But still she’s alius longin' fer the old-time
fields an’ streams,

An’ kissing down her eyelids, I leave her
there in dreams!

— Frank L. Stanton in Woman’s Home Com¬
panion.

One of our friends, who takes pride
in her well-filled linen closet, has the
shelves covered with coarse white linen
bordered along the front with handsome
crocheted lace. On the edge of each
cover, just above the lace border, a line
from Goethe is worked in German text,
in colored cross-stitch, the four shelves
completing a four-line verse in praise of
the well-kept home. It is a very pretty
idea, giving a touch of that sentiment
that “makes drudgery divine.”

*

Printed organdie is now on the Sum¬
mer bargain counter, making very desira¬
ble material for an inexpensive evening
gown. It can now be bought for 12l/2 to
18 cents a yard. The prettiest organdies
are made without the colored foundation
fashionable a few years ago, and shirrings
and tucks often take the place of lace and
insertion. A great deal of hand work is
put in such dresses. They should always
be made, however, in such a way that they
can be conveniently pressed to restore
their freshness.

*

One of our friends makes uncooked ice
cream as follows : Crush one quart of
fruit — strawberries, raspberries or peaches
are good — making it entirely smooth, and
then sweeten. Mix one quart of milk and
one pint of cream ; sweeten that, making
both fruit and milk quite sweet, as the
sugar “freezes out” somewhat. Mix the
milk and fruit together, and then freeze.
The effect is excellent and it is very little
trouble. A very good water ice is made
by mixing the syrup for ordinary orange
ice with an equal quantity of grape juice,
then freezing as usual.

*

A simple dessert, very quickly prepared
in an emergency, is peach meringue. Put
a layer of peach jam about an inch thick
in a shallow earthen baking dish, and
spread over this the white of an egg, beat¬
en stiff, and sweetened and flavored with
almond. Brown in a hot oven and serve
while warm. Raspberry toast is another
emergency dessert. Thin slices of bread
are cut in squares, the crust removed, and
then delicately toasted. They are but¬
tered, spread with a thick layer of rasp¬
berry jam, and on top of the jam a little
heap of whipped cream, sweetened and
flavored.

*

In a recent address, a Philadelphia doc¬
tor declared that women cooks are re¬
sponsible for the widespread American
dyspepsia. The only way to get rid of
dyspepsia, he told his hearers, was to get
rid of the woman cook. “Women have
no natural gift for cooking,” said this
critic. “They have been forced by the

men to engage in the culinary pursuit just
as if it were as simple as washing a hand¬
kerchief or blanket. They cook what we
like instead of what is good for us, and
their lack of knowledge of our require¬
ments makes them directly responsible for
the sufferings thousands endure because
of dyspepsia and other ills traceable to
bad cooking.” A woman may retort that,
as a rule, a man expects his womenkind
to cook what he likes, and does not give
great thought to the diet best suited to
him. Many a man who ought to live on
milk toast insists on fried pies and hot
griddle cakes. We have an impression
that dyspeptic doctor is merely trying to
shift the burden of his own dietary indis¬
cretions.

*

There were to be folks to spend the af¬
ternoon, says the New York Sun, so she
did what good housewives always do, she
baked a cake. It promised well from the
start. The recipe was a good one, it had
a star in the cook book in proof that the
gifted author of that literary production
gave it unqualified approval, the house¬
wife herself had proved it many a time
before. It was easy to make, a cup of
pretty nearly everything in the pantry
and flavor it with vanilla. It beat up
well and it filled the buttered pan just to
the right height. The oven baked to per¬
fection, the cake came out a golden brown
and the broomsplint test was a complete
success. Set aside to cool under a fresh
napkin it was a sure provision for any
amount of company. When Mrs. House¬
wife got around to the proper stage for
entertainment to be produced she saw to
it that each visitor had a generous slice
of the cake along with the coffee. As
soon as she had attended to the guests
and was able to sit down to enjoy the re¬
freshment with them her quick eye soon
noticed that from every slice of cake one
piece had been broken and that there was
a startling unanimity about the way in
which the company did not seem to care
for cake. Her first bite of the cake filled
her mind with a suspicion as horrible as
the taste that filled her mouth. With a
gasp she scurried to the cupboard only to
discover that she had passed by the bottle
of vanilla and in its stead had used Sun
cholera mixture.

Delaware Pea Packing.

Perhaps you have missed some of life’s
pleasures. Have you taken burdock burs
from your hair, sand burs from your
flesh, or unloaded pea wagons at cannery?
A picture would show you a portion of a
one-luindred team line of loaded pea
wagons in Milford. Pictures aren’t real
life. To appreciate that one you should
be the driver of team No. 100. I know a
grower who said he found himself No. 130
in the pea line ; he “ungeared,” went home
(three miles) returned with a load to No.
206; left that, and went home to borrow
a wagon, and load it for a dawn start the
next day. This was numbered 68. One
of his loads panned out 1,090 pounds of
thrashed peas. From two acres his pea
sale amounted to $141.75. Owing to good
pea weather the crop has been heavy.
Growers usually find this "business fairly
remunerative. The labor of cultivation is
light. Growers don’t whine over the price
or labor. It is the wearisome, hindering
can’t-do-it-tiveness of unloading, that
gives the growers fits (of ill-temper or un¬
easiness.) This year, because of the
heavy crop, it has been unusually annoy¬
ing. The peas are only unloaded as peas
are fed to the thrashers; (four of these
at our factory.) When your turn comes,
and your number is called, if you are not
there your next neighbor doesn’t grieve
over it; flies and mosquitoes are pester¬
ing company. Rain, even sunshine, isn’t

always cheering when your peas and
nerves are “on the rack.”

It is entertainingly instructive to watch
the many employees at their work. Thrash¬
ing, sifting, washing, packing, soldering, is
all machine work ; and yet one Seaford
house employs 400 hands in the busy sea¬
son. Their heaviest single day’s pack was
255,000 cans ; four days, it was nearly
1,000,000 cans of finished peas, a record-
breaker for their output. The Milford
plant, smaller in capacity, packed from
125,000 to 160,000 cans per day; the season
lasting over three weeks. This is only
two of our canneries’ output of peas.
Our industries do not rank with the size
of our State.

It is possible to crop an acre three times
in one year if peas for canning form the
first crop. I believe they are the first
field crop for the season, bringing cash
when it is generally welcome. I hope
every consumer’s cook will empty the
peas immediately after unsealing the can;
and allow them to be air exposed, an
hour or two before preparing for the
table. Result, a better flavor. If they are
not perfect don’t blame anyone. There
are many possibilities to encounter in pea
packing. The grower mows his pea crop ;
and they go to the thrashers, vines and
all. It is small wonder if the peas are not
uniform in size or age. The grower can
take the thrashed vines home if he
wishes. e. l. thoron.

Two Currant Recipes.

Currant Conserve. — Five pounds cur¬
rants; four pounds sugar; one pound )
seeded raisins ; four oranges. Grate rind
and squeeze out juice of oranges. Boil
all together half hour. Put in jelly
glasses.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

t/>

F-

U

in

(M

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N)

Ol

o

H

C/>

A Little Gold Mine for Women

The IT. S. Cook-Stove Fruit-Drier

Dries all kinds of Fruits, Berries, Cher¬
ries, Cora, Vegetables, etc. It takes no
extra fire. Always ready for use, and
will last a lifetime. It works while you
cook. Write for circulars and special
terms to agents. PRICE, $5.

E. B. FAH RN EY, box 120, Waynesbord, Pa.

NEW HOTEL ALBERT

Cor. University Place and 11th Street,
NEW YORK CITY.

One Block Westof Broadway. European Plan.

The only absolutely, fire-proof transient hotel
below Twenty-third Street. First-class accom¬
modation at moderate rates. Rooms from
ONE DOLLAR per day up. One hundred
rooms, with private Bath, from TWO DOE-
EARS per day up. Cuisine and service un¬
excelled.

L. FRENKEL, - - Proprietor.

THE HESSLER

Rubai. Mail Box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. VVewant
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong box
and a small price.

Canned Currant Pie. — One cupful can¬
ned currants; half cupful sugar; one ta¬
blespoonful flour beaten with yolks of

tWO Bake with rmo orvict. Froot

with whites of eggs and two tablespoons
sugar; slightly brown. I. G. m.

Drying Green Peas

Last year we used your recipe for canning
peas, corn and string beans, which you re¬
print on page 510. The corn was excellent,
the beans quite as good, but every jar of peas
spoiled ; Lightning jars, and new rubbers, and
the recipe followed exactly. We have a
Mudge canner, and have the same experi¬
ence with that. Recently I have read of
drying young green peas for Winter use. Will
you describe the process, and will you print
a recipe for canning cauliflower if it is feasi-
able? E- s- e.

The fact that the corn and beans were
excellent, while the peas spoiled, shows
that there was imperfect sterilization of
the latter, but how or where the difficulty
occurred cannot be said. It is quite pos¬
sible that E. S. F. might have better
luck another time. Green peas are dried
as follows : Shell the peas, put them in
boiling water, and boil for five minutes.
Drain, then spread out in shallow trays,
and dry in the sun, or near the stove.
When dry, store away in paper bags, in
a dry place. The peas should be soaked
before using; then boiled in salted
water.

We have no information on the subject
of canning cauliflower. It would certain¬
ly need long boiling in the cans, but there
seems no reason why it should not be
treated like any other canned vegetable.

H, E, Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

5^-?ar^^l?^on?^sTr?ngest Made"?

a if you ean ’fc 5

F f^flw2l2irfcS0B8BiS ring every v

0 / with W

A ( \ this your m

> i .A fa » \ wire is A

l j 3 Bin ' S J 4

M I -’fte'Jp'V a Write us. ^

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

INDRUROID

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Requires no Coating- or
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Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong- and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac tcally Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Eight in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samj 'os, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

Why not

EDdystonE

PRINTS

have your dress distinctive in style, of su¬
perior fabric, and colors that do not fade ?

Simpson-Eddystone Prints have been the
standard calicoes for over half-a-century.

Their high quality, attractive patterns and
fast colors are recognized the country over.
Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black - and - Whites, Light
Indigo -Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd
Plaid Effects and a large variety of new and
beautiful designs. Thousands of first-class
dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

575

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A Suggestion in Decoration.

Last Summer we celebrated Children’s
Day at our Sunday School with a little
concert exercise, consisting of songs and
recitations in praise of the three Christian
graces, Faith, Hope and Love, and we
were puzzled to know just how to get up
the appropriate emblems, a cross, an an¬
chor and a heart. Pasteboard and red
letter affairs did not appeal to our sense
of beauty. We wanted flowers, and some
one suggested that we get florists’ wire
frames for the emblems, but no one car¬
ried out the suggestion, so almost at the
last moment, we set to work and twisted
our emblems out of grape wire, covered
the same with sprays of common aspara¬
gus, lightly fastened with fine black
thread, just enough to give sufficient body
to hold the flowers, but leaving the green
soft and feathery. The anchor was big
enough for an ordinary rowboat, and the
other pieces in proportion. The flowers
were cut and placed in water for several
hours before using to insure their keeping
bright during the services. 1 he anchor
was made of pink moss roses, the cross of
white roses and Bermuda lilies, and the
heart of pansies. Made in a hurry to do
duty for one hour they were a success,
and much admired. Asparagus is particu¬
larly nice to use in arranging pansies.
Place short sprays in a flat dish — soup
plates are good — filled with water and,
stick in your pansies — and behold, a
thing of beauty and a joy, though not for¬
ever DOCIA DYKENS.

also has an oil stove for cooking. The
arrangement of her rooms with the stove
and radiator warms her rooms without a
very large expenditure of money far fuel.

She lives plainly. Her food consists
of plenty of fruit (most of which she
raises on her place), bread and butter, the
healthful cereals with milk, potatoes and
vegetables in their season; meat and pas¬
try in small quantities; no tea or coffee.
She keeps a few fowls and uses about 12
or 14 dozen eggs during the year. In
clothing she discards jewelry and finery
as things that are not for her; she .usually
avoids novelties, but selects good durable
material that will hold its color, and has
it made up in a style that will allow her
garment to look well for two or three
years with the necessary cleaning and re¬
pairing, or perhaps some slight altera¬
tions in style. She wears warm flannels
and prefers the comfortable and service¬
able to the things that are showy. She
frequently retrims her hats ; does her own
plain sewing and endeavors to keep ah of
her clothing carefully mended and well
cared for. She endeavors to save doctor’s
bills by taking care of her health. She
occasionally buys a good book, and is a
regular subscriber for four newspapers
or magazines. Most of her furniture and
other household goods she had before she
was left alone, so she only buys a new
article occasionally to supply the place of
those that are worn out, and to keep her
home from looking shabby. During the
years of 1903 and 1904 she kept an ac¬
count of her living expenses. The aver¬
age expense per year was :

Food . * . $29.03

Clothing . 14.00

Fuel and light . 30.73

Books, newspapers and magazines . 4.90

Doctor’s bill and medicine . 4.00

Miscellaneous . 17.23

Living on $150 a Year.

Our great grandmothers who lived a
pioneer life would have considered $L50
a magnificent sum to spend for their own
personal use. 1 hose were times of hard
work and privation, but they required but
little expenditure of cash.

Now in this twentieth century we are
laboring under different conditions. While
luxury abounds and pleasure invites can
we live on $150 a yeui : v^, :r «•--<»

willing to live the simpler life we can, but
some woman who recently became widow
ed or left alone is saying: “The rent
alone of my city home is $150, and 1 have
nothing left for food and clothing. Tell
me how 1 can adjust my affairs so that I
can keep house, and provide myself with
the necessities of life, and avoid living in
the home of another.” By close economy
you can do this and have something left
for those less fortunate than yourself. If
you practice the giving of one-tenth you
will have from this sum $15 for your
church or for benevolence. In the coun¬
try rent is much lower, and the cost of
living somewhat less than in the city.
Here you can procure the rent of a part
of a house for $30. with perhaps what
fruit you will need for your own use and
land enough for a small garden if you
wish to cultivate it. Then if you pay $5
for your doctor’s bill you will have $100
left for your other expenses. Of this you
will need at least $30 for food, $30 more
will pay for fuel, and if you can make
$15 do for clothing you will have $25 left
for miscellaneous articles; and perhaps
here is where you will have to practice the
most economy, for this must buy the little
articles that you will need to make up for
the wear of your household goods. Then
there is stationery, books and papers ; car¬
fare, and a day’s work if you are sick, or
to hire some one to set up a stove or do
a bit of cleaning for you.

This idea of living is not the mere fancy
of the writer. It has been demonstrated
in real life. A woman is living on a small
income in a quiet country home in west¬
ern New York. I will tell you something
of her manner of living and its cost. The
question of rent does not disturb her, for
she owns her little home, and rents some
of her rooms to a family or to a friend.
For the rent of these she receives $2G a
year. She reserves for herself a pleasant
sitting room, a small dining room, and a
back room that in Summer she uses for
a kitchen, in the Winter for coal and
wood. Her sleeping room is over the sit¬
ting room. The pipe of the sitting room
stove goes into the sleeping room, and to
it is attached a Rochester radiator which
adds greatly ft) the comfort of the room.
She has no guest chamber, but has two
beds in her room, so that she can accom¬
modate a friend whom she may invite to
visit her. Her stove is an “Oak” with
which she warms both her sitting and her
dining rooms, burning coal when she
wants continual fire and wood for an oc¬
casional fire. She does some of her
cooking over her heating stove, and she

The Rural Patterns.

The waist No. 5062 and skirt No. 5063
combined make a very handsome costume.
The waist, which gives the popular bre-
telle effect, is made over a simple lining
that is faced to form the yoke,- and which
serves as a support for the shirrings, but
which is gathered with the outside mate-

Total . $99.89

This account is merely to show the ac¬
tual expense of her living. If to this we
add what she pays for taxes and improve¬
ments on her place, and what she gives to
her church and for benevolence and as
tokens of friendship the sum would be
$130 and beyond. There are many other
desirable things that she would wish to
have, but she finds that there are many
things that she can do without and yet be
comfortable and respectable in appearance.
The culture that comes by travel and in
other ways through the use of money
would lie desirable lu ho, but she has a
fair library, and her books and periodicals
do much to keep her in touch with what
is going on in the world, and she is think¬
ing of taking a little trip to the Chautauqua
Assembly this Summer with an extra $10
that has come into her hands, as she is a
member of the “Hall in the Grove.”

ECONOMIST.

6062 Fancy Shirred Waist. 32 to 40 bust.

rial at the waist line. The sleeves are
mounted over fitted foundations and the
closing is made invisibly at the back. The
quantity of material required for the med¬
ium size is six yards 21. 4)4 yards 27 or
2)4 yards 44 inches wide with % yards
of silk for belt. )4 yards of all-over lace
and seven yards of lace for frills. The
pattern 5062 is cut in sizes or a 32 34, 36,
38 and 40 inch bust measure ; price ten
cents from this office.

The skirt is made with an upper portion
and flounce, the flounce being faced and
shirred on the serpentine outline, then ar¬
ranged over the lower edge of the skirt,
which serves as a stay. The fullness at

The Bookshelf.

Paper-bound Novels. — Among the
standard novels recently issued in paper
covers, price 25 cents, by the Macmillan
Company, New York, are: The Wheels
of Chance, a bicycling idyll by LI. C.
Wells; The Real World, a strong story
of modern American life, by Robert Her¬
rick, whose recent novel of Chicago life.
The Common Lot, has taken a leading
place; The Heritage of Unrest, by Gwen¬
dolen Overton. This last is a powerful
tale of the Arizona frontier, presenting
conditions among settlers and in army
posts during the period, not far distant
now, when Apache raids were a con¬
stant terror.

Agriculture Through the Laboratory
and School Garden, by C. R. Jackson
and Mrs. L. S. Daugherty. This is in¬
tended for a school text-book, but it will
be found instructive by anyone desiring
a knowledge of elementary agriculture.
The following chapters give a slight out¬
line of its scope: Nature and Forma¬
tion of Soils ; Classification and Physical
Properties of Soils; Soil Moisture and
Preparation of the Soil ; the Soil as Re¬
lated to Plants ; Leguminous Plants ;
Principles of Feeding; Rotation of Crops;
Milk and Its Care ; Propagation of
Plants ; Improvement of Plants ; Pruning
of Plants ; Enemies of Plants ; and Orna¬
mentation of Home and School Ground.
Published by Orange Judd Company, New
York; 402 pages, freely illustrated; price
$1.50 net; postage 15 cents additional.

6063 Skirt with Shirred Serpentine
Flounce, 22 to 30 waist.

the hips also is arranged in shirrings,
which are held by a foundation yoke. The
quantity of material required for the med¬
ium size is 10)4 yards 21, 9)4 yards 27 or
yards 5)4 44 inches wide with 9(4 yards of
banding to trim as illustrated. Pattern
5063 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and
30 inch waist measure; price ten cents.

5

QL On Long or Short
Term Investments

!$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY received at any
time in the year, yields
5 p. c. per annum for
every day we have it.
You should learn how far our
operations are removed from
any element of speculation.
Conservative investors will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and prollt without the
annoyance of Individual mort¬
gage loans. Write for par¬
ticulars.

Assets, . 91,700.000
Surplus ami Profits,
9160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.
6 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy,N.Y. City

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

Banner Lye

Great help in housecleaning
Makes pure soap without boiling

cleans and disinfects

YOUJ.NG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue seat
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey , Erin.

Learn Telegraphy & R, R, Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You don’t pay us until you have a posi¬
tion. Largest system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed by all railway officials. Operators always
in demand. Ladies also admitted. Write for catalog.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY,

Cincinnati, O., Buffalo, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga., La Crosse,
Wis., Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco, Cal.

Pillar'd around by everlasting hills,
Robed in the drapery of descending hoods.

NIAGARA

FALLS

One of the natural wonders of
the world. A charming place at
any season of the year, reached
from every direction by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES.

A visit to the Falls is an object
lesson in Geography ; an exhibi¬
tion of landscapes that no painter
can equal, and a glimpse of the
latest developments of the in¬
dustrial wor.d.

A copy of Four-Track Series No. 9, 11 Two
Days at Niagara Falls," will be sent free,
upon receipt of a two-cent st imp, by George
H . Daniels, General Passenger Agent, Grand
Central Station, New York.

For anything that men can tell, death
may be the greatest good that can happen
to them. Yet they fear it as if they
knew quite well it was the greatest of
evils. — Socrates.

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11 = 16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features of
the Fair. Entries close in this Department,

August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.

The best birds in the country on exhibition.

All the latest improvements used in the handling
and care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to be greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies.

Entries close September 4.

S. C SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

FARM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
best features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will be up to the usual high standard and prom¬
ises to be larger than ever. Entries close Sept. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit and Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit ever given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

SEND FOR PRIZE LIST.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. __Get it from

your Druggist.

576

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

July 39,

CONTENTS.

The Rukal New-Yorker, July 29, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Close Culture in Garden and Farm.. 565, 566

"Muck" and Its Handling . 568

Fruto Farm Hits . 569

Killing Out Quack Grass . 569

Hope Farm Notes . 571

Hay Loaders . 571

Crop Prospects . 573

The Outlook for Hay . 573

Asparagus Rust in California . 573

Damage for Breach of Warranty . 573

Farm Hands in Indiana . 578

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Care of Horse in Hot Weather . 566

Clover Silage for Little Pigs . 566, 578

Grain for Pastured Cows....: . 567, 579

Lime Wash for Lice . 570

Cow with Injured Udder . 578

Yearly Income from a Hen . 578

Rye for Poultry . 579

Some Skim-milk Calves . 579

Ration lor Over-Fat Cow . 579

Flies on Stock; Bloody Milk . 57!)

Ration for Bull Calf . 579

HORTICULTURE.

Planting Trees in the Brush . 567

Public Spraying Notes . 567

Strawberries in South Jersey . 568

Burbank’s Fruits . 568

The New York Strawberry . 568

Potted Strawberry Plants . 568

Girdled Grapes . 568

White Lead and Linseed Oil on Apple

Trees . 568

The Corsican Strawberry . 568

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 570

Green Mountain Grape . 570

Durable and Inexpensive Bench . 571

Bisulphide of Carbon for Ants . 576

Asparagus and Smilax . 576

Power Spraying in Vineyards . 577

WOMAN AND DOME.

From Day to Day . 574

Delaware Pea Packing . 574

Two Currant Recipes . 574

Drying Green Peas . 574

A Suggestion in Decoration . 575

Living on $150 a Year . 575

The Bookshelf . 575

'The Rural Patterns . 575

MISCELLANEOUS.

Sewage Turned Into Money . 565

Kitchen and Bathroom Conveniences. . . . 566

Defective Ventilation . 566

Value of Lightning Rods . 569

Editorials . 57->

Events of the Week . 573

Enrich Country Rather than City . 573

Publisher’s Desk . 577

Products, Prices and Trade . 577

Sanitation for Consumptives . 577

Humorous . 580

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending July 22, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red .

. . 94 % @ —

No. 1. Northern, Duluth..

—

@1.16 2-3

Corn, mixed .

. . -

@

Oats, mixed .

. . -

@ 36

Rye .

. . -

@ 72

Barley .

@ 48

FEED.

Wholesale at New York.

Spring bran .

. - -

@17.50

Flour middlings .

. -

@20.50

Red dog .

. -

@23.50

Hominy chops .

. -

@21.50

Oil meal .

. -

@30.00

Retail Western New York.

Bran .

.20.00

@23.00

Middlings .

.22.00

@26.00

Red dog .

@27.00

Oil meal .

. -

@35.00

Corn and oats .

. 26.00

@27.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Market very dull.

llay, prime .

. -

@16.00

No 1 .

(a 15.50

No 2 .

@14.00

No. 3 .

. 12.00

@12.50

Clover and clover mixed . .

. 10.00

@12.00

MILK.

In effect July 16, the New York Exchange
price was increased one-fourth cent to $1.31
per 40-quart can, now netting 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-cent freight zone
where no extra station charges are made.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras .

20 % @

21

Firsts .

1 9 % @

20

Seconds .

18

@

19

Thirds .

17

@

17%

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.

1 9 % @

20

Tubs, firsts .

1 8 Vi @

10

Tubs, seconds .

17

@

18

Lower grades .

15

Vi @

1 6 Vi

Western imitation creamery,

extras .

18% @

19

Firsts .

17

@

17%

Western factory, firsts .

1

—

Seconds .

15

Vi @

16

Lower grades .

14% @

15

Renovated, extras .

18

@

- -

Firsts .

1 6 V. @

17%

Seconds .

15% @

16

Lower grades .

14

@

15

Packing stock, No. 1 .

16

( 5)

—

No. 2 .

15

@

15%

EGGS.

Fancy, selected, white .

24

@

25

Selected, white, choice .

22

@

23

Fresh gathered, extra mixed

2\

@

22

Fresh gathered, firsts .

18

(ft

20

Western, fresh gathered, firsts.

17

(a)

18

Seconds .

15

Vi @

1 « %

Thirds .

14

@

15

Kentucky, fresh gathered,

thirds to seconds .

12

@

16

Checked eggs .

8

@

1 1

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy . 9%

Fair to choice .

Large, fancy .

Light skims, choice .

Part skims, prime .

Full skims .

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy .

Evaporated, choice . 6%

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to good.

Sun dried, Can., quarters. .

Sun dried, Ohio .

Cores and skims, 100 lbs... 1.10 @1.20

Raspberries, 1904, lb . 23 @ 24

Huckleberries . 10 @ 11

Blackberries . 7 @ 7%

Cherries . 12 @ 13

9%@

—

9 @

9%

— @

9%

7%@

8 .

6%@

7

1 @

2

7%@

6%@

7

6 @

6%

4 % @

5 %

3 % @

4%

2>/4@

3

FRESH FRUITS.

Annies, new, bbl .

Iialf-bbl. baskets .

Bushel crates .

Small peach baskets. . .

Pears, Southern, Le Conte, bbl.l
Plums, Md. and Del., carrier.

North Carolina .

Peaches, N. C., carrier .

South Carolina .

Georgia, Elberta .

Georgia, Belle .

Georgia, Emma .

Grapes, N. C., Del., carrier. . .
Cherries, sour, black, 8-lb. bkt

Sour, red, 8-lb. basket .

Blackberries, Del. and Md., qt

Jersey, quart .

Raspberries, red, pint .

Black caps, pint .

Huckleberries, quart .

Gooseberries, quart .

Currants, Cherry, quart .

Small, quart .

Muskmelons, Georgia, crate. .

South Carolina .

North Carolina and Virginia
Maryland and Delaware.

Baltimore .

Watermelons, Fla., 100....
Carload . 125

VEGETABLES.

Jersey. Del. and Md .

Southern .

Common .

Yams, N. C. Golden yellow, bbl.
Beets, Long Island, 100 bnchs.

Carrots, old, bbl .

I.ong Island, 100 bunches..
Cabbage. Long Island. 100....

I.. I. and Jersey, bbl .

Cauliflowers, dozen .

Celery, dozen .

Cucumbers, Norfolk, bbl .

Other Jersey. 100 .

Egg plants, Florida, box..

Norfolk, half-bbl .

Lettuce, nearby, bbl .

Onions. Southern, white, bushel

crate .

Southern, Potato, bbl .

Southern, yellow, bbl .

Southern, red, bbl .

Kentucky, bbl .

Jersey, white, half-bbl. bkt. .
Peppers. Fla., carrier or bkt. . .

Jersey, box .

Radishes, 100 bunches .

String beans, Jersey, bu. bkt..

State, bushel .

Spinach, nearby, bbl .

Squash, Hubbard, bbl .

Marrow, bbl .

White, bbl .

Yellow crook-neck, bbl .

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl .

White, bbl .

Tomatoes, N. C. and Va., 24-qt.

carrier .

Md. and Dei., carrier .

Baltimore, box .

Upper Jersey, Acme, box. . . .
Upper Jersey, Grant, box...
South Jersey, Acme, box. . . .
South Jersey, Grant, box. . .

Medium to

Marrow, choice.

HOPS.

BEANS.

Common to good.

ea, choice .

Common to good.

Common

LIVE POULTR'

Spring chickens, Western, 11). .
Southern and Southwestern

Fowls, Western .

Roosters, old .

Turkeys, old .

Geese, pair
Pigeons, pair

Chickens plentiful and lower
Turkeys, Western, average best
Western, mixed, fair to good
Chickens, Phila. broilers, 3%

to 4 lbs. to pair, lb .

Pennsylvania broilers, large.

Small .

Western, dry picked .

Scalded. 3% lbs. and over

to pair .

Scalded, under 3 lbs, to

pair .

Southern, broilers, scalded..
Fowls, No. Ind., Ill. and Iowa,

dry picked .

So. Ind. and Ill., dry picked
Western, scalded, med. size.
Southern and Southwestern,

scalded .

Western and Southwestern,

poor to fair .

Spring ducks, I;. I. and East.
Penna. and Virginia .

Squabs, prime, large, white,

doren . 2.50

Mixed . 2.12

Dark . 1.50

.1.00

@2.25

. 50

@1.00

25

@ 75

. 15

@ 30

. 1.00

@3.50

, 50

@ 75

75

@1.00

. 75

@1.25

. 50

@1.25

. 50

@1.50

50

@1.50

50

@1.25

1.75

@2.00

40

@ 65

. 25

@ 50

4

@ 6

5

@ 8

3

@ 6

3

@ 5

5

@ 10

5

@ 12

5

@ 6

4

@ 5

75

@1.25

75

@2.00

i 50

@2.00

75

@2.25

@2.00

2.00

@25.00

@275.00

1.00

@1.37

75

@1.37

75

@ 1 .50

40

@ 65

.2.00

@2.50

75

@1.00

@ 75

50

@1.00

2.00

@3.00

75

@ 1 .00

50

@1.00

15

@ 60

75

@1.50

2.00

@4.00

1.00

@ 1 .25

60

@1.00

75

@1.25

1.00

@2.00

50

@ 75

50

@ 65

1.25

(a) 1 .no

@2.00

2.00

@2.25

@1.75

50

@ 75

1.00

@1.50

50

@ 75

50

@ 60

25

@ 50

50

@ 75

30

@ 50

75

@1.00

25

@ 75

25

@ 60

25

@ 75

75

@1.00

50

@ 75

20

@ 40

25

@ 50

40

@ 60

1.00

@1.50

50

@ 75

75

@1.50

35

@ 50

25

@ 26

22

@ 24

20

@ 21

50

@ 60

@3.45

2.80

@3.35

2.22% @2.25

1.80

@2.20

1.60

@1.85

@ —

@3.05

@3.55

@ —

@ 15

—

@ 14

—

@ 14%

—

@ 9%

—

@ 14%

60

@ 80

1.00

@1.25

—

@ 20

RY.

17

@ —

15

@ 16

21

@ 23

17

@ 18

14

@ 1 6

14

@ 16

—

@ 15

13

@ 14

13

@ 14

___

@ 14

—

@ 13%

—

@ 13%

—

@ 13

10

@ 1 2 %

—

@ 17

16

@ 1 7

10

@ 12

@2.75

@2.25

@1.62

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.05 @5.60

Bulls . 2.75 @3.50

Cows . 1.60 @3.70

Calves, veal . 5.00 @7.25

Tailenders . 2.50 @4.00

Sheep . 3.00 @4.75

Lambs . 5.50 @7.25

Hogs . 6.25 @6.50

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Wholesale jobbers’ prices.

Pennyroyal, ib . 1.00 @1.10

Peppermint . 2.65 @3.25

Sassafras . 50 @ 55

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Tansy . 3.65 @4.00

Wintergreen . 1.65 @2.00

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf fillers.. 5 @10

Seconds . 25 @ 35

Fine wrappers . 60 @ 70

N. Y. State fillers . 3 @ 5

Average running lots . 5 @ 12

Pennsylvania broadleaf Bs. . . . 1.3 @ 14.

Va. shipping com. lugs . 6 @ 6’

Com. to med. leaf . 7%@ 8 V.

Med. to good leaf . 9 ~@ 10

Good to fine leaf . 11 %@ 12 Ms

Louisville burley com. lugs... 10 @ 11

Med. to good lugs . 11 %@ 13*4

Com. to good leaf . , . 10 @ 15

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ton lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @42.00

Acid phosphate . — @13.00

Kainlt . — @12.50

Dried blood . — @48.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 6

Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2%

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

COD C II C -Eighteen miles East of Ludington,
lull OALC Michigan, 2*-2 miles South of the
Pere Marquette Railroad, 285 acres of land at $0 per
acre. No buildings. Might exchange for small farm
near Chicago.

J. I). VANDERCOOK, 153 La Salle St., Chicago.

ABENAQUE MmW

PORTABLE and STATIONARY

'S 65
5 S

•cl

o
a> ce

E <4->

©3

<S

W 15 guarantee
our Engines to
b e thoroughly
reliablo and the
best made for
Farm Work.

Send for free
Catalog O, and
learn their many
points
showing
higher
value
before
buying
else¬
where.

2-18 H.P

Hay Presses, Threshers, Grinders, Ensilage Cutters

fltitl F.iicilnua Ulnumwo.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS,

Westminster Station, Vt. 1

CRAIN DRILL

r- , ■ The YORK FORCE FEED DRILL combines
lightness with strength. Most complete drill made. N o
complex gearing to get out of order. Boxes are close to
ground. Easily Fully

regulates Ouuranteed

quantity
of seed
or fer¬
tilizer.

IWARD-
ED GOLD
MEDAL
St, Louis
World’s
Fair.

Weight,

Only 700 Us.

A gents W anted.

W rite for catalogue.

THE HENCH & DR0MG0LD CO

Mfr»., York, l*n. HADK ALSO WITH DISC

The Ever-Ready

STODDARD

Gas and Gasolene

ENGINE

Will run your Silage Cutter, your Thresher, etc., eas:er,
faster, better, cheaper and more reliably than any other
known power can do it. Runs all other machines in like
manner. The ideal motive power lor the modem farm.
Buy the Stoddard and You Buy the Best.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland. Vt.

When writing;, ask for Catalog; EH.

POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Our 3-H.P." BEAT ’EM ALL”
Pumper, only $110. Our 3*2 to 4-
H.P. “WATERLOO BOY”
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, ... Iowa.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3*2 H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H.A. Dissinger&

400 Cherry Street

Wrlglitsville, Penna.

PA' MER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00

Wood Sawing- Outfits on
Wheels

Tbr e Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob , Conn.

HOMESEEKER’S GUIDE.

DO YOU KNOW about the “Eastern
Shore” of Maryland? We publish a
Homeseeker’s Guide in the interest
of those desiring- to purchase good
homes. Write for it, it is tree to you.

J. A. JONES & Co.,

SALISBURY, MARYLAND

HARNESS

We Bell custom made oak-tanoed leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrantitto be the best
made for the money. Only the finest selected stock used. Noth¬
ing cheaper trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free on request.
THE KING HARNESS CO., <> Lake St. , Onego, Tioga Co., X .Y.

0HI0 B,":r Ensilage Cutters

will cut more corn in half inch lengths and elevate it into silo with a given amount of
power than other Ensilage Cutters. Hence, they excel in the two most important points,
The new sizes will cut:— CAPACITY AND POWER.

No. 14, 1 2 to 1 6 tons par hour In 1-2 Inch lengths. Power 8 to 1 O H. P. Steam.

No. 17, 16 to 20 do do 10 to 12 H.P. “

No. 19, 20 to 25 do do , , 12 H.P. “

And they are so guaranteed. We continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 Self Feed Cut¬
ters, both with Blower and Chain Elevators.

More money can be made out of milk cows ami beef cattle
by feeding silage than by any other means.

On Silage ration, milk costs 6894c, per 100 pounds.

On Grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per mouth on silage $5.86*4. with
Grain $2.46*4. State
Experiment Stations
have demonstrated
by tests that Silage,

Clover Hay and 4 pounds
of grain as a daily ra¬
tion will produce 40 per
cent more beef during
winter months, than by other
foods. Silage costs about #150
per ton in silo. Catalog shows in¬
numerable illustrations of dairy
properties and letters from users
of ‘-Ohio’- Cutters. “Modern Silage
Methods” tells everything about
silage from planting to feeding
and results. Price 10c . coin or
stamps. Manufactured by

THE SILVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO.

Write for FR
Catalog of Farm Machinery

LOW DOWN
GRAIN-FERTILIZER DRILL

The original and only Perfect Low Down Drill

made both with Disc and Hoe. Four foot wheels but
frame being hung below axle makes hopper very low.
No cog gears to get out of order. Chain drive direct
from axle. Perfect regulation of quantity of grain or
fertilizer to be sown without stopping drill. Positively
the simplest, lightest running and most accurate drill
on the market. Fully guaranteed
In every respect.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

577

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

When we were sending out the Ruby
Queen rose and again when we sent
out the new Crimson Rambler, Phila¬
delphia, we said that our friends would
prize them highly when once established
in their yards. But to establish them took
time, and we have no doubt the tiny
little plant seemed a good way off from
a blooming bush when first received; but
all this season we have been hearing
from friends who now have in them a
yard ornament that they would not part
with for any reasonable amount. Now
that the Philadelphia rose has received an
award at the Temple Show of the Royal
Horticultural Society at London, we who
have it in our door .yards may justly feel
an extra pride in it, not so much because
of the award as because of the merit that
the distinguished society acknowledges.
The following letters are samples merely
of many others recently received :

The Ruby Queen has bloomed this year for
the first to any amount, and we cannot say
enough in its praise. It is exquisite In beauty
and fragrance, and we prize it highly. We
wish to again thank you for it.

New York. jins. h. s. h.

My Philadelphia Rambler, received late in
.Tune, 1904, with barely three or four little
rootlets an inch long, is now a splendid,
strong plant and bore several large clusters
of its beautiful flowers. C. b. p.

Illinois.

I thought I would have to write and thank
you for the Crimson Rambler you sent me
last year. If has grown three new shoots
this year that are over six feet high, and
the part that you sent me is only about three
feet high and full of blossoms and a beauty.
I have about 25 different rose bushes, but
that is the handsomest one in the lot. Thank¬
ing you again for the same. e. l. m.

Connecticut.

We do not care ever to take up much
space telling readers how good The R.
N.-Y. is If it serves them a useful pur¬
pose they find it out without our telling
it; but we have our weakness, like other
folk, and when a reader tells us that he
finds those elements of helpfulness in the
paper that we silently work every day in
tho j-o..- p..c it we are pleased and
— well — yes, we may as well admit it — we
like to have others hear it, too. So we
are going to let you read these two notes :

I enclose one dollar by check to renew
subscription to your remarkable paper. For
common sense, sincerity, freedom from bun¬
kum. it never fails to be refreshing, and
stands out from the mass of magazines and
journals, big and little. As an amateur, with
only a small one-horse hold on the subject
matter of The It. N.-Y.. I should like to test i
f.V to the vivid interest of its articles, on
no matter what topic. Compared with if the
expensive country life periodicals resemble
valentines, and this superiority must he due,
I think, to the above mentioned directness
and simplicity. Nature is rather too big to
patronize or gush over. c. it.

Staten Island.

Please find $1 for your paper and “The
Business Hen." I took your ten weeks' offer,
but that must have expired. Your fresh and
original news is what attracts and I shall
take time to read it. Most farm journals
are edited with the scissors. a. s. it.

Virginia.

Here is just one more note of interest
at tin’s time :

1 have received The Business Hen and am
delighted with the book, considering it the
best book of its kind I have read. All those
interested in poultry for profit should cer¬
tainly have a copy. I congratulate you on
its success. c. f. s.

British Columbia.

Whether a rose, a potato, a book, or
the paper itself, we never want to send
anything to our readers short of the very
best that we can produce. This is hot
weather in the open sun on the farm ; but
it is, we assure you. just as hot in this
sweltering city of brick walls and stone
sidewalks; and while you are working
hard to save the fruit and harvest the hay,
we are here working just as faithfully to
find ways and means to offer a helpful
suggestion and a protecting warning. If
you who have not yet received The Busi¬
ness Hen feel towards our service any of
the fervor of the above correspondents,
send in a renewal this month, and the
book will go to you by return mail.

Bald-Heaped Chicks. — We have been hav¬
ing some trouble with our young chicks, and
have found a remedy which may interest
some of your readers. The trouble is the
feathers falling off the head and neck, with
no apparent cause. We have lost none from
this cause, but they droop around and fail to
eat or work. I killed one and examined it;
found the skin inflamed and infested with a
parasite under skin. The rest were anointed
with a mixture of one part kerosene and two
parts sweet oil. Feathers soon started and
no further trouble. e. m. santee.

PRODUCTS PRICES , AND TRADE.

Watermelon Receivers. — Give the address
of a reliable commission house in your city
who handles watermelons. The growers of
melons here get very little for them. If we
ship, we generally get stuck, not knowing who
to ship to, and if we sell, we have to do so
for a small price. Can you recommend
— - - , of Washington St., New York. b.

South Carolina.

The name of a dealer whom we have found
honest has been given to this inquirer. The
parties whose names he mentions are not to
be recommended. That is, there are plenty
of others with better records. It is an inter¬
esting fact that nearly all of the inquiries
about commission men received here refer to
those of a doubtful type, who have gone
through bankruptcy or whose business meth¬
ods will not bear investigation. Of course
there are honest bankrupts, but so long as
there are three times as many commission
merchants as are necessary to handle the vol¬
ume of business, it is only reasonable to give
preference to those who through care and
judgment have avoided financial wreck and
kept themselves above suspicion. Dealers who
through plunging about in the market have
periodical smashups, emerge under a new
name and go at it again, are not worthy of
consideration by those who have produce to
ship, no matter how plausibly their circulars
and market letters may read.

Fruits.-— Peach arrivals are quite heavy.
The general market situation is not much
improved on account of the large proportion
of inferior quality, wormy or part green. I
never saw more uniformly wormy lots than
some of these packages turn out, and some¬
how a worm seems out of place in a good-
sized, well-colored peach. People .are used
to worms in apples. The last strawberries
come from western New York, and they
are about gone. Huckleberries are in large
supply but sell well. For city trade these
are very popular. Kvery hotel and restaurant
must have huckleberry pies and many bakers
make huge pans of huckleberry cake. The
crust (on the bottom only) is a simple bread
dough. On this is poured the huckleberries,
with just enough thickening (the composition
of which is a trade secret) to prevent it from
running when the pieces are cut. A slab
six or seven inches long and five wide goes
for five cents. The currant market, is weak.
This is one of our choicest garden fruits,
especially suitable for hot weather desserts,
well mixed with pulverized sugar, but it is

SOUr, anti i/cwj/lc arc afraid of it, ovappt foi’

jelly purposes. The weather is favorable for
watermelon trade. As many as 60 carloads
have arrived here in one day lately, yet the
demand is good enough to keep the price well
up. The conditions are different witli musk-
melons. So many of them are worthless
that the wastage in a crate or carload may be
heavy. Tills refers to melons from the South
or nearby. The expensive trade is being
filled at present with melons from the Pacific
Coast, the chief merit being that they are
more dependable. Some dealers claim that
they will not average one bad one to 10
erntes, and the attitude of the trade is shown
in their paying $5 or $0 for Oalifornias, and
75 cents to $2 for the same quantity of
southern. I have recently tried some of these
high-priced Pacific Coast melons, 15 days
from the vines. They were no better than
many out of $1.50 southern crates, but
seemed to be ail alike in flavor, probably
because of uniform sunshine and weather
conditions.

Apple Storage Wanted. — “I live in the
Piedmont section of Virginia, so noted for
fine apples. My crop this year will be about
25.000 bushels, Winesap, Johnson Winter and
other fine sorts. I hope more buyers will
come our way. What we need is a cold
storage. Can some enterprising man be found
who will come at once and build a cold stor¬
age on his own account, to store our apples
and charge us the usual price for storage?
We have many large orchards in bearing an,d
others have more recently been planted, so a
good business could be done now in this line.
What would be the cost of a storage to hold
80,000 barrels of apples? IIow do northern
people manage this? Do they have storage
houses on their farms? If some one could
lie found willing to build a. storage here on
his own account, he might get some of our
people to take stock. ’ j. r.

Virginia.

It is doubtful whether an outsider can be
found willing to handle this job on terms
that would be at all favorable to you. If
your farmers are willing to take stock in a
plant put up by an outsider, they ought to be
glad to invest in a co-operative plan. The
storage is needed now and will be in greater
dejnand as the new orchards come into bear¬
ing. Why not own the storage yourselves
and put what profit there is in your own
pocket? The first thing necessary is a thor¬
ough canvass of the locality that would pat¬
ronize the storage. If the result is at all
encouraging, call a meeting to talk It over,
appoint committees, get estimates, etc. If
there is any man in the locality who is look¬
ing for a “soft job,” be sure that he is not
put on any committee, board of directors, or
In any office. The job will be hard enough

without having in the way a lot of drones
or people who can do nothing but talk and
are after graft. In the meantime get in cor¬
respondence with a large number of makers
of refrigeration machinery. Tell them what
you want to do, ask questions and get esti¬
mates. Look up their references and write
to the people they have built plants for.
Write to your State Department of Agricul¬
ture, asking whether they have any cold
storage specialist or know any man who has
had practical experience in this line. If
possible get him to come, look the ground
over and give advice. Northern apple grow¬
ers in localities where natural ice can be
harvested in large quantities can make quite
small storages of their own profitable. You
are below the line of natural ice ; expensive
artificial refrigeration machinery is needed;
and the larger plant you can use the cheaper
per barrel will be the cost. The machinery,
including pipes, boilers, fittings and setting
up for a plant of the size indicated, would
cost in the neighborhood of $20,000. The
building could be put up by local carpenters.
When you get to the point of buying the
machine, after due investigation of the com¬
pany's standing and of other plants they
have put up, it is probable that, the prige
may be cut a little if they find that no per¬
centage or bonus is to be paid a nyone for
turning the business over to them. In large
sales it. is nothing unusual for several com¬
missions to be paid, some of them to people
who have done practically nothing to warrant
it. Some who have bad experience with
“creamery sharks" may think that there is
danger of refrigeration sharks unloading un¬
suitable machinery on such an Inquirer. But
the two cases are different. The cold storage
machinery is very expensive, and promoters
for working up stock are not employed after
the manner of the creamery sharks. There
will be no difficulty in getting a first-class
job if good business judgment is used and one
of the established houses dealt with. With
so much money invested in a plant you should
build it with a view to holding eggs, butter
and other perishables, so as to keep it at
work the entire year If possible. h.

POWER SPRAYING IN VINEYARDS.

Wc have no experience with power .
sprayers, if by the term power sprayer .
it is meant to describe a sprayer operated
by a steam engine or gasoline motor. 1 he

sprayers we use are in one sense operated
sprayers as distinguished from hand
sprayers, in that the pump is operated
by chain and sprockets from the hind
wheels of the wagon which carries the
tank and pump. We find such sprayers
desirable and comparing them with hand
spraying, as we find hand spraying done
in the same section, we find the power
sprayers satisfactory. The reason for this
is that with power sprayers it is possible
to drive the spray in a fine mist which is
driven through the foliage and branches,
covering them as dew wets the grass,
while with, a lower pressure the liquid
is thrown in fine drops like rain, and drips
from the surfaces reached before drying

as the mist does.

As to your question whether on the
whole I consider that it pays to use Bor¬
deaux Mixture and other liquids, it can
best be answered by the experience here.
Practically every vineyard which has not
been sprayed in this locality is a total loss
now. At this writing, after a serious out¬
break of black rot on July 11 and 12, the
loss from rot on thoroughly sprayed vine¬
yards does not exceed five per cent, in
many cases less than one per cent, and
wherever there is serious loss on sprayed
vineyards it may be traced either to lack
of timeliness or thoroughness in spraying
with Bordeaux Mixture. No one can ex¬
haustively treat on the subject of spraying
vineyards,- as conditions vary so greatly.
Around the central New York lakes most
of the vineyards are on steep hillsides
where it is almost impossible to operate
anything but hand sprayers, and in this
locality hand sprayers are used effectively,
because the work is thoroughly done, even
with the hand sprayers. As a matter of
fact, efficiency in spraying does not depend
upon the description of sprayer used if it
is capable of being worked to the pressure
of 80 to 100 pounds, and of distributing
properly not less than 50 gallons of Bor¬
deaux Mixture to the acre, but upon
working the sprayer to that degree of
force, and applying the spray where need¬
ed, viz., on all the branches, leaves, canes,
posts and wires, and this being done the
ground will be fairly covered.

Seneca Co,, N, Y* g, o. lansino.

SANITATION FOR CONSUMPTIVES.

I would like to tell your Arizona cor¬
respondent, J. D. P., page 525, anent con¬
sumption, that if he and the other kickers
on this subject would buy a supply of
horse-radish bottles, half fill with five per
cent solution carbolic acid, and label with
suitable warning and instructions, and
hand one to each spitter in a polite man¬
ner, 1 believe there would be less germs
afloat. I blame bitterly the M. D.’s, who
can be seen daily hawking up and into
the street, as an example for the unthink¬
ing herd. I know it’s awful for a con¬
sumptive on a railway train, because
there are no sanitary cuspidors ; and yet
the little fellow with a $100 share of some
railroad stock in his stocking gloats over
the close management that pays him a
dividend. Statistics try to prove that the
white plague is going out of business,
but I guess most of it will pass through
Arizona on its way out. john bisbee.

Massachusetts.

A Prolific Turkey. — I should like to know
whether any of your readers can furnish a
turkey hen that can beat this one of mine.
During laying she laid 56 eggs. Of the 56
eggs there were only three infertile. Would
you advise keeping such a hen another year?
Her turkeys are strong and healthy.

Montgomery Co.. Pa. jibs. j. a. b.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

For Sale.— TUNIS RAMS.

Best of all Breeds for Hothouse Lambs.

J. N. McTHERSON,

Pine View Farm, Scottsville N. Y.

POULTRY SUTRLIES —

M The Kind that Make Kggs — All per 100 lbs.

Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells, 60c; Mlco Grit tor
Poultry. tiOc.; MicoGritfor Pigeons, 60c. ; MtcoGritfor
Chicks. 60 c ; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.65;
Saul s Poultry Mash Food $2; Saul’s Pigeon Food. $2.
Saul’sChick Food, $2.60; Cut Clover, $1.60; CloverMeal
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.26; Pure Meat
Meal, $2 25: Pure Meat and Bone, $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone. $2 25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25; Hemp Seed, $4.00;
Sunflower Seed, $5.60; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue sent free.

CHAS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N.Y.

POULTRY --

IdGMI TDVM ifir f ■erything in the
-*S POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
^bators, Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
)it's our business. Call or let us send you)
>our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the)
> asking — it's worth having.

^Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co..<

O Dept. H.G. 26 <fc 28 Vesey Street. New York City {

OOQOOOQOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOCi

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan-
dottes, R.C. Reds. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N.O.

Orpingtons, Buff, Black, White.

Why not have the very best obtainable? First cost
may be a little more, but you get i he stock and blood
from the grandest winning strain in America, and
from the largest Orpington breeder. Send for forty
page Illustrated Oroington catalogue, also Mating
List describing thirty-two breeding yards and prices
of eggs. The blood from the largest winners at New
York the past three years ate in these yards.

Box 78, WILLOW BROOK FARM, Berlin, Conn.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: |5 for 100. Half price after .June
first. L. 0. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00.

1,000 to select from Send for circular

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N, Y.

S. G. WHITE. LEGHORNS

Yearlings 75 cents.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

Var s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c
Rates free. J. A. BF.ROEY. Box 8. Telford. Pa.

U - . - — * ■soiriiM lur squan oreeaing a

flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acuslmet, Ma

t

ADVERTISER HAS FOR SALE !

ONE HUNDRED PAIRS OF FINE
MATED AND ACCI IMATED
BREEDING

i HOM HI

which he must sell at once. Address,

f B. P-, Box 1020, New York City. |

Good oreeders raise good squabs. Good squabs
bring good prices. A good plant (like ours) sup¬
plies only good breeders. Write us.

BROAD VALLEY FARM, WOBURN, MASS,

578

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 29,

Live Stockand Dairy

COW WITH INJURED UDDER.

What shall I do for my cow? She hurt
one of her teats quite badly on barli wire about
two weeks' ago. That quarter of her udder is
badly swollen ; the milk is thick and clotted,
and is becoming nearly dry. It does not
affect the other three. I have been using lin¬
seed oil. Y. H. M.

Copenhagen, N. Y.

The chances are that your cow will almost
go dry this season in the quarter that has
been hurt, Nature has been trying to assist
you ; in so doing has caused the trouble that
you speak of. The probability is that the
next time she comes in the quarter will be
all right. M. d. williams, d. v. s.

YEARLY INCOME FROM A HEN.

The price that eggs have been worth for
the past two years, the yearly income of a
hen in this section will average .$2.

Hope, Indiana. J. t. t.

I would put the production of the average
hen at 120 eggs, at an average price of about
It! cents per doz., or .$1.60 apiece. Eggs are
higher a good part of the year, but most are
sold at about 14 cents, so I think 16 cents a
fair average. c. M. w.

Van Wert. O.

It is a pretty hard matter to guess at the
income from the average hen. but I should
place it from 100 to 120 eggs from each
bird. Our prices in this State run pretty
well, averaging for the year somewhere be¬
tween 22 and 25 cents per dozen.

Maine Exp. Station. G. M. gowell.

In regard to the yearly income of the av¬
erage hen in my locality, put it at $2, and
you will vary but very little. I own some
fine birds, which I would not take $25 for
the yearly income, but on the contrary, there
are very many which will come far under
this amount. The yearly income of all pure¬
bred stock can safely be placed at $5 a hen
per annum in my immediate locality.

Maryland. gideon o. iiarne.

The average for a hen in our vicinity is not
over eight dozen eggs, which range in price
from 55 cents down to 20 cents, and even at
that about three dozen of them are laid while
the price is at 20 cents. I would make it as
follows : One dozen, 35 cents ; two dozen, 30
cents; two dozen, 25 cents; three dozen, 20
cents; total, eight dozen, $1.10. This aver¬
age is taken on the farmers around us, and is
from hens that receive little or no attention
at all. Of course this estimate does not re¬
fer to my chickens at all, for they are now
averaging 16 dozen to the hen and even bet¬
ter. j. IV. FAKKS.

Altoona, Pa.

While I use trap tests I have not kept
record sufficient time to make an estimate,
liens of same variety and under same con¬
ditions vary greatly, some laying only a
few eggs, while others nearly every day dur¬
ing early Spring, but almost all go on a
strike as the weather gets warmer. My best
B. P. Rock hens lay 20 to 27 eggs a month
in Spring, but I kept no record later in the
season. I know it would not average over
10. I should say the best layers would aver¬
age 140 to 160 a year, the poorer ones much
less. 1 am trying some other varieties, but
none beats the B. 1’. Rock, unless it’s the
White Wyandotte. However, I cannot tell
as yet about this. The Leghorns probably
would, but I do not want them.

Kansas. h. m. byers.

When properly managed, the income from
the average hen per year in this section is
from $1 to $2. If you mean ny “the average
hen” a mixed or nondescript type, 1 would
put her income at less than $1, for she
would not give progeny of acceptable market
type, and as a result the best prices would
not he paid for them. But I have it, as
a result of experimental work and from
farmers who handle none but pure-bred utili¬
ty birds, that they make a profit of $1 to
$2 per hen per annum. Some make a much
larger margin of profit than others, as you
will readily understand. a. g. gilbert.

Canadian Exp. Farm.

We consider the average production of eggs
for a hen in this locality is 10 dozen. The
average price, considering that the greater
yield is during the Summer months, is 25
cents. The cost of keeping a hen I consider
to be $1.25, not including labor. In cases
where we have been able to figure the labor,
I have found that it costs $1 per hen per
year to care for it and 25 cents per hen for
buildings and incidentals. In this way it ac¬
tually costs $2.50 to keep a hen a year, so
that unless a man receives more than 10
dozen eggs from a hen, or to put it plainer,
more than $2.50 per hen revenue, he would
barely be getting pay for his 'labor. This is
figuring labor at $12 per week, and the ordi¬

nary poultryman can get that and work for
some one else. Of course there are many men
who are getting double this revenue, but they
are not of the ordinary agricultural class.
My experience in Canada showed a much
smaller revenue per hen, being something
about 7% dozen, with the price of 14 cents,
the cost of labor being about 75 cents per
hen. But in this State we find the farmer
much better educated regarding egg produc¬
tion. methods of feeding, care, etc., and this
I think fully accounts for the increase in
yield. c. k. graiiam.

Conn. Ag’l College.

CLOVER SILAGE FOR PIGS.

We have tried clover in our silo several
times, but it decayed ; it was put in whole ; if
it had been cut possibly it would have been
better. If one has tried clover in a silo, so
that he is satisfied it will keep well, we see
no reason why one should not be able to raise
good pigs with clover silage, middlings, pota¬
toes and water. Keep a small amount of soft
coal ashes and sulphur near them, where they
can help themselves. f. ii. gates & sons.

New York.

We have watched results of feeding good
corn silage to breeding stock as well as young
pigs. I am a believer in silage as a part of
the ration for the breeding stock, although I
have never seen Fall pigs fed it in large
amounts that thrived well. We have been
enabled to have our Fall litters do as well
as the Spring litters, feeding 10 bushels
boiled potatoes and stirring into them while
hot about 150 pounds meal, using corn, 75
pounds, peas, oats and flax 75 pounds, and
throwing a forkful of good clover hay to
about 20 pigs every other day. The flax may
catch your eye as unusual. Several years ago
I read an article speaking of flax as a valua¬
ble pig feed. We sow our peas, plow, sow
oats, and just ahead of roller sow one-half
bushel flax seed per acre, and we have never
had as sleek, thrifty hogs as we have had
since fed this mixture. n. l. beadle.

Cloverdale Farm.

FARM HANDS IN INDIANA.

I have very little trouble in getting what
help we need on our farm, and if I were a
believer in luck would think that the reason,
but no doubt it is because our land is in the
edge of town, and most of our work is done
by day help, men and boys. The shorter the
distance to the work the better it suits most
folks, so that may be what helps us. Then,
we aim to pay good wages for good help ;
$1.25 to $1.50 for men and 60 cents to $1.00
for boys, 12 to 15 years old, according to
what they make themselves worth, and try
to treat them like men, and not simply as a
drudge. I think part of my luck commenced
seven years ago last Spring, when I wrote to
a labor agency in Chicago, to send me a
good man. They sent out a Swede who was
soft in flesh, but honest and willing, and he
has been with us ever since, except about
three months of each of the last four Winters,
which time he has put in working in shops
in the city, while work was slack out here.
At first I paid him $18 per month, without
washing, and steadily raised that to $25,
though he never asked or even hinted for an
increase, but just “tended to his knitting.”
lie spends his evenings at home, reading,
goes to bed early, and is almost always out
ahead of me in the morning, and works as
though the crops were his own, all of which
is duly appreciated by me.

Then we have one very steady young man
by the day, who had to quit a cigar factory
or be buried inside of a year. My wife thought
his mother used too much grease in her Ger¬
man way of cooking, so we offered him a job,
to include his dinner with us every day. We
paid him his own price, 85 cents per day,
and dinner at the start, six years ago, and
raised that as fast as he gained in strength.
Over a year ago I began paying him $1.50 per
day, with the understanding that he is to
take charge of the gang whenever I cannot be
with them myself, and he gets the same pay
in the Winter, when he is the whole gang.
I believe the reason so many men do not care
to work on farms is that the money does not
come in fast enough, and does not seem so
plenty as in the cities. They do not seem
to realize that the wages on the farm are
nearly all clear profit, with less expense and
temptation to spend money. Our Swede does
not spend more than $15 to $20 during the
time he is here each year, and most of that
goes for chewing tobacco. Wages vary be¬
tween $18 and $24 per month around here,
depending on the amount of milking to be
done. I can see no reason why any man in
ordinary health should not be able to lay up
$150 to $175 each year, while wages are as
high as they have been for several years.

There are a number of men here in town
who have been working as section hands for

10 to 20 years; have supported their families
well, and own the neatest homes of all the
day laborers in our town. For the most of
their time they received $1.25 per day, part
of the time $1.12%, and part, $1.37%. A
few have built cottages on their farms, and
hire married men by the year; some come
from labor agencies, and others through
friends in the city. Then there are always
some who cannot stand the swift pace of
city life continually, and, like a sore-footed
horse, they go out to the farm for a year or
so to build up, and often prove to be very
good help. I believe the dissatisfaction
among farm Velp and all other branches of
labor comes from the same cause, and that is
a desire to imitate some of the big guns in
getting rich quick and easy. Removing the
cause is the only remedy in sight to me, and
that is not likely to happen until Congress
does the will of the masses in putting a stop
to all trusts and combines, and gives us rea¬
sonable and impartial freight rates and a
parcels post instead of parasite express com¬
panies. These are the causes of unrest and
anarchy that are steadily growing all over
this country, and just as long as the trusts
exist, labor unions will flourish and farm
help remain scarce. Kill the trusts and the
unions will die quickly from lack of funds
and members ; then the tide of labor will even
itself all over the country, and the problem
of farm labor will be a tiling of the past.
I hardly think the farm help question is
quite as serious in this neighborhood as in
most parts of the country. A majority of
the farmers here are of German descent,
many of them still preferring to speak Ger¬
man, and they seem to be more successful in
keeping their children at home than are some
of those who consider themselves more yankee¬
fied. I once heard a man say that for many
years he thought he was part German de¬
scent, and he “worked like thunder,” but on
discovering that he was sure Yankee, his
willingness to do manual labor left him, and
I believe there are too many who imagine
they are Yankees from the day they are born.
Such may rightly be called dudes, for they
sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather
into barns, yet their earthly fathers feed
them. louis c. breyfogle.

Indiana.

o. I. c.

Registered Stock. March and April farrow. Prolific
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalia, N. Y,

^pnngDanK 3

A fine lot of 7 Aug. aim oept. jooars

and some fine July and Aug. Farrowed Sows, just righ
to breed for early fall litters. Write me and state jus
what you want. J. E. Watson, Prop., Marbledale, Ct

DtJlUMlliC:

and Sept. Boars

DON’T BUY A PIG IN A POKE.

So confident are we that Our Improved Large
English Berkshires will please you, that we will
ship you stock without you sending any money. We
have at bargain prices choice pigs of all ages, sows
bred for early Fall litters, extra good boars, 4 to 5
months old. This advt. will clean us up for the
present; get your order in now. We want an Agent
in every County for Our Special Swine Powder;
cheapest and best thing ever discovered : you can build
up a profitable and permanent income by the exclu¬
sive control of your territory. Look after this at once.

Penna. Berkshire Co., Eannettsburg, Pa.

Large English berkshires -

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

LARGE IMPROVED YORKSHIRES

The best Hog; White, Easy Fattening, Prolific.

Young Stock, Both Sexes, !$5 up.

E. E. STEVENS, Madison, R. F. D., Lake Co., Ohio.

Reg. P. Cliinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund. money if not satisfactory. Reg.
_ Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SKTSSE

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Pairs or

trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

SWISS MILCH GOATS.

My importer is sailing for Europe personally to select
and. bring over Saanen and Toggenburg Swiss Milch
Goats. Prices, $35 to $40 yearlings; $25 kids under one
year. Orders accepted now. ROBT. N. RIDDLE,
Importer & Breeder, Swiss Milch Goats, Carteret, NJ.

DEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
* kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice bred and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

I I Jkl I for fat early Lambs. Rams for sale.

I U MM I VaM Jesse Alley, LaGrangeville. N.Y.

P D CAI r MALE AND FE-
■ FT uMLEl MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

GEDNEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed tbe Atlantic as a t wo-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

SW Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM. White Plains, N. Y-

HOLSTEIN BULL SALE.

Born October 15, 1904. More white than black. Sire
SOLDENE CLOTIIILDE ARTIS, tlie sire of eight
tested daughters. Dam FELICIA 3RD, 15 lbs. 14.9
oz. A. R. O. at three years. Price cheap. Guaran¬
teed to please or money refunded.

Oakland Farm.T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport, N.Y

AYRSHIRE BULLS, COWS AND HEIFERS.

As I am over stocked, I will sell four Bulls from
one year old down to six weeks old ; all from the best
Dairy Stock in America with long teats. Also two
fine Heifer Calves and two Cows. I can furnish pairs
not related. Address, C. E. HATCH, Y. S., Gaines¬
ville, Wyoming County, N. Y.

WHITE SERIN CS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florliam, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further

information and cata^no^^-jg. (,fcneva N_ v

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.
Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

' " — g»^fr*a

BRILL FARM.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE. ©

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire
of high testing butter cows Stock and prices right.
E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAX'S
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or coroeto see
them. 145 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you."

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Frlesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
_ selections. Send 2c. stamp

Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

THE WAY TO MAKE
YOUR FARM PAY.
$5,000 . , GUARANTEE . . $5,000

Circulars sent on application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Registered jerseys— 4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.; 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
posted as to our sales.

J, F, COOK # COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

579

RYE FOR POULTRY.

Summer Feed; Separating Sexes.

We consider rye not a good feed for
poultry by itself. As a mixture with other
grains it is a good feed for cockerels or
male birds, but rye is no good for laying
hens. We find the best feed for laying
hens is mash, for morning and noon, com¬
posed of soaked oats and cut clover or
Alfalfa meal with wheat bran and mid¬
dlings, just dry enough to feed nicely.
For evening feed equal parts of wheat
and clipped oats. We feed but little corn,
plenty of green feed. herner bros.

Newton Falls, Ohio.

I have never fed rye to hens. For a
Summer feed, for mash, use half bushel
cut clover, one peck each meal and mixed
feed, six quarts beef scraps. Noon feed,
wheat, oats, barley, and corn, night feed.
Separate roosters as soon as they begin
to crow, if you intend to fatten. Those
I intend to use for breeders I leave with
the pullets a few weeks longer. Then
keep them by themselves until I want
eggs for hatching. r. G. richardson.

Dracut, Mass.

I have never used rye, because I have
always understood that it is not near as
good as wheat. Regarding the separating
of the roosters from the pullets as near
as I can state the time I would say when¬
ever the young cockerel first begins to
crow. I noticed in my pens to-day that
the young cockerels were just beginning
to crow, and I told my wife that they
should now be separated. This lot I
speak of are just four months old. How¬
ever, if you wish to sell them for early
frying you must separate earlier. As to
feed for hens in Summer, I feed a mix¬
ture composed of wheat, millet, a little
corn, oats and a little sunflower seed,
feeding them enough bran to keep their
sj'cton, Henri T have had good success
with above. ed. c. evans.

Nelsonville, O.

SOME SKIM-MILK CALVES

We have had remarkable success in
raising calves on skim-milk. Like every¬
thing else, it wants some one who likes
the business well enough to take an in¬
terest in it. We let the calf suck for
three days; then take it away and put it
in a pen by itself. We begin by feeding
three pints of new milk three times a day,
until it is two weeks old ; then feed half
skim-milk and half new milk, gradually
taking away the new milk, until at one
month old the calf is getting all skim-
milk. When we begin feeding skim-milk
we take a tablespoonful of oil meal, let it
stand in a small cup of warm water on
the back of the stove to swell, for about
five minutes, and mix it well with the
milk. This takes the place of the cream,
and also aids digestion. We also grad¬
ually increase the amount of milk, until at
the age of one month the calf is getting
three quarts of milk three times a day.
Always feed the milk at blood heat. This
is some trouble sometimes in Summer, but
cold milk will make a calf sick. We are
also very careful to feed three times a
da}', and never to overfeed. Three quarts
is all we ever give a calf at a feed, and
if at any time it will not drink all of its
milk, take it away and give less next
time until it wants more. There is a
great difference in calves, and a good
feeder soon notices any little peculiarity.
We had one calf this Spring that at times
would only drink one quart of milk at a
time, even after he was six weeks old, but
we have been careful not to overfeed, and
when he was very young divided his milk
into four rations, giving the last feed at
bedtime. He is growing now into a
thrifty steer, and has well repaid the trou¬
ble.

Never leave the milk before the calf if
it does not want it; throw it in the swill
pail, and next time the calf will be hun¬
gry. When a month old, begin feeding a
little whole oats and bran. Nail a small
box on the side of the pen, and feed all
grain dry. Begin with a little, and in¬

crease gradually; also a little hay. We
have weaned at three and four months
old, if they were thrifty and milk was
scarce, but it is better to feed milk until
they are six months old. We begin wean¬
ing by leaving off the noon feed. We are
raising five calves from three cows, hav¬
ing had a chance to buy two good ones
from neighbors. They are running now
in the orchard, getting nothing but grass,
skim-milk and oil meal, and are a fine lot
of calves. mrs. k. b.

Stanley, N. Y.

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.
Ration for Over-fat Cow.

I have a grade Jersey cow six years old,
nicely built, with a good straight back, and
bidding fair to make an excellent cow. Last
Summer she had her third calf, having her
first when two years old. She gives a good
quantity of milk, but last Summer when feed
began to get pretty dry, she began to fall off
in milk more and more, and to put on flesh
until November, when she was fat as a seal,
and but very little milk would she give.
Can you give me a ration that will keep up
her flow of milk through the Fall until say
December or later? If not, ought I to breed
her or take her to the butcher this Fall?

North Branford, Conn. E. H. s.

A mixture of equal parts by weight of
coarse wheat bran, gluten feed and cot¬
ton-seed meal makes an excellent feed,
and ought to help you to keep up the milk
How. 1 must say, however, that I have
never seen any grain ration that was
equal to good early pasture grass. The
mixture above supplies a large amount of
digestible protein in palatable form, and
makes up for the lack of protein in the
late pasture grass. The amount I should
feed per day would depend upon the cow,
and whether she turned it into milk or
flesh. I should not feed over 6 or 7
pounds per day at the utmost. From your
description I am inclined to think that
your cow is one of the “nice-looking

Kind'’ that gi\rf*2 considerable milk for tWO

or three months and then wants to have a
vacation the rest of the year. If so, sell
her and get the true dairy type that puts
all her feed into the milk pail. Early
Summer is the poorest time of the year to
have a cow come fresh. They are right
in the flush of feed, and will give a lot of
milk at first, but when feed is scarce milk
is also, and they will not return to full
flow of milk upon Fall feed or their Win¬
ter ration. I think November to Febru¬
ary best time to get the largest yearly
yield.

Flies on Stock; Bloody Milk.

1. Is there any preparation that will effec¬
tively prevent flies and gnats from bothering
stock applied, say, once or twice daily? 2. I
have a cow that occasionally gives bloody
milk from different teats, rarely more than
what comes at one motion of the hand in
milking; then it appears all right again.
Only one teat is affected at a time, and at
varying intervals. What can I do for the
trouble? She is on good pasture.

Sauk, Wash. b. e. si.

1. There are any number of prep¬
arations to keep flies from stock, and
these are largely advertised in dairy pa¬
pers. The R. N.-Y. has advertised sev¬
eral. Look through advertising columns.
We have tried a number of them, and all
have more or less, merit. Many of them
seem to have little effect at first, but we
have noticed that when applied daily after
a few days their use seem much more ef¬
fectual. and sprayings can be done at
greater intervals, and frequently only once
or twice a week, whereas at first we
sprayed daily and sometimes twice a day.
Care should be observed in using them
that the spray does not enter the eyes of
the cow, as we have seen them with very
sore eyes caused by the material getting
into them. Spray long enough before
milking so that the odor of the spray
may be out of the barn; otherwise you
may taint the milk. 2. Bloody milk may
be caused by injury to udder or an in¬
flamed condition when fed too highly, or
frequently just after calving. Less con¬
centrated feed may stop it. Bathing with
hot water and rubbing well may help you.
Try to find the cause and use then a pre¬
ventive measure.

GRAIN TO COWS AT PASTURE.

If one is selling milk, I know it pays to
feed some grain, but if selling cream to
the creamery, where they only pay at the
rate of 18 or 20 cents for enough cream
to make a pound of butter, I don’t think
there would be any profit in it at the
present price of grain. I sell milk and
feed some grain most of the time. I
give them salt every day, and mix it with
the grain, and that brings them home at
night, which suits me better than dog
power, for I have lost two valuable cows
that were chased by a dog a few days
before calving. geo. b. hall.

Connecticut.

It is very necessary that milch cows
have all the food that they can assimilate
in order to make the most profit for their
owner ; therefore, unless there be more
feed in pasture than they can possibly
use, it will pay to feed a grain ration
while they are at pasture. We feed our
cows about the same grain ration the year
’round, and soiling crops and pasture
during the Summer; silage, mangels, tur¬
nips, mowed oats, and hay in Winter.

Massachusetts. l. c. m’loon.

With grain at $20 per ton and over,
and milk at $1 per hundred or less, I
should not feel it was good business to
buy grain to feed cows when at pasture,
unless pasture was short and I had no
green crop or silage to help out.

Vermont. g. m. hazard.

In our experience we find that it pays
to feed cows grain even when on good
pasture. The knowledge that a feed of
grain is waiting them at the barn will
bring them at milking time with calling,
thus saving the trouble of going to the
pasture for them. Of course we vary
the amount of grain to suit the pasture
conditions ; when the pastures are very
good we feed only a quart of wheat bran,
but as the pastures get shorter and dry
weather comes oil the grain ration is
increased. Gluten feed is a good Winter
feed, but should not be fed to a butter¬
making dairy in the Summer in very
large quantities, as it tends to soften the
butter. Cotton-seed meal will counteract
this objection.

Pennsylvania. r. j. weld.

RATION FOR BULL CALF.

1 am raising a pure-bred Holstein-Friesiau
bull calf. lie is now about two mouths old;
has had all the new milk from me cow that
he wants, besides all the feed he- would eat ;
corn and cob meal, wheat middlings and bran.
I now want to cut him off to about five or six
quarts of new milk a day. Could you give me a
ration in addition to what milk that he will
get that will push him to all the growth pos¬
sible, and not injure bis breeding qualities?
lie is in prime condition now, and I want
to keep him up. j. g. d.

Malvern, Mass.

You can make use of Red Dog flour
and water with just enough milk in it so
he will drink with a relish, reducing the
milk slowly. I his flour easily mixes with
the milk or water, has no taste, and can
be fed quite young. I would also feed
dry grain, bran or oats, with perhaps a
little corn. Dairy-bred animals, when
young, often need corn. There is a false
notion that corn will spoil a voting
animal for the dairy. A calf should have
meat enough for health, and if protein
feeds do not do it, feed corn. You surely
show good judgment in feeding new milk
while young. I he only way to raise a
good calf is to feed nature’s food, milk.;
gradually displacing it with grain and
hay or grass, when the calf is old enough
to digest them, and the individual calf
is the only one that can tell. h. e. c.

“Do you take pains with your eating?’’
asked the doctor. “No,” sadly replied the
dyspeptic; "the pains don’t come till after¬
ward.” — Philadelphia Record.

flf.v.-fHE

“f-'.-’ANIMALS'
t:\-.vFRIEND

Kills every fly it strikes,
when either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. Shoo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely haimless to man or
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because i t protects cows
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any imita-

_ _ tion. Halfcent's worth saves

3 quarts milk and much flesh. NOLICEin poultry houseorany
place it is sprayed. Ifyour dealer does notkcepShoo- Fly (made in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
andenough Shoo-Fly toprotect200cows. Nameexp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free llookiet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50 cows in few minutes.

SH00-FLY MF’G. C0.f 102<> Fairmount, Phila., Pa.

EDITOR knows from experience Shoo-Fly is O. K.

It Kills every Insect.
Karbo.

Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, Ill.

00 per Box, by Mail.

SPAVINOFir
CURES 1

Spavin, Ringbone, Greasa
Heel, Sweeney, Wlndgall,
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Pollevil, Scratches,
ShoeBoils,&o. Removes un¬
natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL.AFTON.N.T.
For Horses and Cattle.

A BAD HITTER.

His Bunches and Bruises can be re¬
moved quickly without stopping
work with

ABSORBINE

This remedy cores Lameness, kills
Bain, removes any Soft Bunch with¬
out blistering or removing the hair,
a n d pleasant to use. #2.00 per
bottle, delivered, or at dealer’s.

ABSORBINE, JR., for man¬
kind, #1.00 Bottle. Allays Inflam¬
mation rapidly. Cures strains. Book 11-B Free.

W, F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass.

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 Howtomakeyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Or. David Huberts, Cattle Specialist

THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION

KEEPS COWS CLEAN.
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose
arm when open ami insure its coming into
place and locking. Sold at wholesale in
unoccupied territory. Write to-day.

IT. R. & H. J. Weleher, Newark, N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD

to buy poultry fenoing without in¬
vestigating The PAGE. It is made

of larger, stronger colied spring
wire, heavily galvanized, with
bottom spaces only 1>4 inches, re¬
quires fewer posts, no bourds,
looks better and lasts much lunger.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Bot ?55 Adrian, Mich,

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet
D, “A Sh-ort
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn.; DeKalb, Ill.;Oaklai d.Cal.

vviiiomco urv I KUo I o

9? ? 5 ® \ V r s i l're.! 5 U'iI ! & ?°f Blow, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will
cut forest. His Double- Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the land
i»iUbnt>‘jVUS 18'000 tons of earth, outs 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk Plow cuts a lurrowS to 10 in. deep.
All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack. sunflower, milkweed, thistle
or any foul plant Sen'd forcir’lars
CUTAWAY HARROY7 CO..

Higganum, Conn., U. S. A.

14 in.wide

58o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 29, 190.'*

HUMOROUS

The toucher, a lesson he taught;

The preacher, a sermon he praught ;

The stealer, he stole ;

The healer, he hole ;

And the screeeher, he awfully scraught.

The long winded speaker, he spoke;

The poor office seeker, he soke ;

The runner, lie ran ;

The dunner, he dan ;

And the shrfeker, he horribly shroke.

-Printer's Register.

"If a man is naturally bad, education
won’t make him better.” “No, but it will
help him co keep out of jail.” — Cleveland
Leader.

Aunt Beth ; “They say his money is
tainted!” Edith: “Nonsense, aunt! I
heard him say he had just cleaned up an¬
other million!” — Puck.

Joseph : “Do you believe all this, Ar¬
thur, about men buying wives?” Arthur:
“Oh, I expect so! Some men will buy
anything.” — The Tatler.

Teacher: “If a man gets four dol¬
lars for working eight hours a day, what
would he get if he worked ten hours a
day?” Johnny: Ten hours a day? Gee!
He’d get a calldown from de union.” —
Century.

Dr. Washem : “I think a daily
bath would be beneficial in your case,
Mr. Plodgers,” Plodgers : “Well, I
don’t know, doctor. I took a bath once
— a year or two ago. I felt better for a
little while, but it wasn’t long before I
was as bad as ever, and I’ve been grow¬
ing worse ever since.” — Boston Tran¬
script.

First Citizen: “That new neighbor of
ours, Mrs. Jones, seems an ill-natured
sort.” Second Citizen: “How so?”
1‘irst Citizen: “Why, I called her up on
the telephone yesterday and asked her if
she had any idea where her husband was
staying, and she rang off without answer¬
ing me.” Second Citizen: “I don’t won¬
der — lie’s dead.” — Harper’s Weekly.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roots, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NGERS0LL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent commission

to get orders lor our celebrated Iras,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every pnrebase. CHaKGESPaII)
Forprompt attention address Mr. J. .!. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31 83 VeseySt., New York

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS
and CLEANERS

Wood

Saws

one Atwo-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level pilTTPRC
Tread, Ferfeot Governor, Feed* Ensilage Uul I COO

ELLISKEYSToWURTWols.Ptimtowil.Pt

NOTHING
ELSE LIKE FT

BURNS BARRELS OF AIR

THE MOST WONDERFUL STOVE EVER INVENTED !

Causing great excitement wherever exhibited. Fuel drawn principally from atmospnere.
Uses 395 barrels of air, while consuming one gallon of oil. Wood, coal and oil cost money.
Only free fuel is air. Supply unlimited. No trust in control. Air belongs to rich and poor al.ke.

HARRISON’S VALVELESS AIR BURNING STOVE

Automatically generates gas from kerosene oil, mixing it with air. Burns like gas. Intense
hot fire. Combustion perfect. To operate — turn knob — oil runs into burner — touch a
match, it generates gas, which passes through air mixer, drawing in about a barrel of air,
to every large spoonful of oil consumed. That’s all. It is self-regulating, no more at¬
tention. Same heat all day. or all night. For more or less heat, simply turn knob. There
it remains until you come again. To put tire out, turn knob, raising burner, oil runs back
into can. fire's out. As near perfection as anything in this world. No dirt, soot, or ashes.

No leaks — nothing to clog or close up.
No wick — not even a valve, yet heat is
under perfect control. Objectionable fea¬
tures of all other stoves wiped out.

Not like those sold in stores.

Ideal for cooking, roasting, baking,
ironing, canning fruit, picnics, cottages,
camping, also for beating houses, stores,
rooms, etc., with radiating altachment.

No more carrying coal, kindling, ashes,
soot, and dirt.

No hot, fiery kitchens.

Absolutely safe from explosion.

Not dangerous like gasoline.

Simple — durable — last for years.

Saves expense, drudgery and fuel hills.
All sizes, prices low-, S3.00 up.

Get our 30 day- Trial Offer.

Write to-day for 1905 Proposition,
CATALOG UK FRKE.

Get our prices this month from the
only manufacturer.

$40 Weekly.

WANTED _ Men and women

- at home, traveling,

all or part of time, showing, taking
orders, to appoint agents.

GREATEST SELLER OUT.
CUSTOMERS DELIGHTED.

BIG MONEY THIS SUMMER.

To show in operation excites
curiosity. People watch it as
though a thing of life. Agents
clamoring for territory. Kvery
stove guaranteed. Sales enormous,
4© "Write to-day for 1905 Proposi¬
tion. NEW PLAN.

The World Mfg'. Co , <>023 World Building, Cincinnati, O.

TEN Green Mountain Silos, with a
total capacity of one thousand four hundred
tons, are in use on Briarcliff Farms ;
that is, these great farms feed to their famous
herds of pure-bred registered Jerseys fourteen
hundred tons of Green Mountain Si¬
lage annually. They began with one Green
Mountain Silo on trial and are now using
TEN.

Green Mountain Silos are in use by a
greater number of public institutions, State and
National, by a greater number of progressive
farmers, and on a greater number of fine farms,
especially where registered stock is kept and
bred, than all other silos put together. They
have all adopted the famous Green Mountain
Silo because they know it to be the best.

i

[PATENTED AUG 6 1901

Briarcliff Manor, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1904.

We have on our farms now, ten of your Green Mountain Silos, and they are doing all
that you claim for them and giving us perfect satisfaction — Harry H. Law, Supi. Briarcliff.

Green Mountain Silos

Are storehouses from which green pasturage, sweet, fresh and juicy, may
be conveniently and profitably fed all the year round to cattle, horses,
sheep, bogs and poultry, keeping them thrifty, healthy, and fat at only
half the cost of other feed. With Green Mountain Silage twice as
many cows can be kept at the same cost for feed and every cow will
give twenty-five per cent more milk. Green Mountain Silage makes
one-fourth more beef, more milk, more cream, more butter and more
money for the farmer, the dairyman, the stock raiser.

STODDARD MFG. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

When writing, ask for new Catalog H. It is free, if you mention this paper.

FODDER

Cut to tha length you want,
and cut evenly.

Delivered Into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The standard by which all other machines are built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
10 to 20 ton, per hour. Priceslower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called The Complete Machine.

Warsaw-WHkinson Cos, 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

iiakei City Grinding; Mills

r Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal,
u r All TDIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
111 UH I 111 A L horse power. Ball bear-
, easy running. Freight paid. Send for frea

1 AAnnW 1 sYrflXPn 8m Gilbert St„ Phil* F».

) At Wi SUflllD GOi 4M0 Canal St., OblaMO'tU

SELF ADJUSTING HOOP SILO.

We have the only SILO on the market that does not
require attention after erection. We use an automatic
adjusting attachment on each rod to take up the rod
when the silo shrinks. Also a perfecting working
door and a perfect open door front. Write for full

particular! and pricee, _ „ . , ,,, _

KEYSTONE HELD CO,, Linwille, P»i

THE SMALLEY MODERN SILO FILLER

Takes lew. power, has greater capncity and
is cheaper to operate than any other silo
filler. Accidents impossible. Special
sizes. Prices lower than for other
machines of equal ca¬
pacity. Our
free
cata¬
logue
proves
all this
true.

Send for
it now.

BSIALLKT

JUXCFACTCBINBCO.,
hox3ul , Manitowoc, Wig.

ENSILAGE GUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save -Middlemen s Profits. Every Cutter fully war¬
ranted. Send to-day for Free Catalogue andPrices.

BOX No. 57.

CUTTERS and BLOWERS

Built os the right principle, combining safety flywheel, belt pulley and
feeding device. Will elevate easily into any silo. -"Also elloe, engines,
horse powers, thresher! and hay presses. Write for our free catalogue.

Harder Mfe. Co., Box II. Cobleskill. N.V

SILOS

Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hay-
- - - ~ REEV~~

ing Tools. R. C. REEVES
187 Water Street. New York.

CO.,

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers' clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

WEEDSPORT SILOS

The three styles we build are mod¬
els of up-to-date silo construction.
The cut shows the “Weedsport
Improved Silo.” with removable
sliding, interchangeable doors, and
Octagon Shingle Roof.

A Silo 'will pay its cost in one
year from saving in fodder and
increase of milk, Special prices
on orders for shipment July 1st.
Write for Catalogue, stating size
wanted.

The ABRAM WALRATH CO.

Box 83,

WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED
CEDAR

KALAMAZOO T«SASSMIte.

Free journal,

How to Build,
Plant, Fill
and Food.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2897.

NEW YORK, AUGUST 5, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

JULY ON THE TRUCK FARM.

Lively Work for the Month.

LATE CULTIVATION. — Perhaps at no time during
the season is the timely accomplishment of the various
tasks connected with the truck business more essential
or more vital to the ultimate results than right now
during the latter part of July. In the matter of cultivat¬
ing, it is extremely important that we should succeed
in getting the last farming of our various crops so
accurately timed that it will not only leave them clean
and well tilled, but that it should be done at the latest
possible moment that it can be done without injury to
the crop concerned. Take cantaloupes, for instance.
It is always our custom to turn the vines and cultivate
at about the time they are meeting across a five-foot
row. This is not generally practiced, and I admit it
means a great amount of work. The vines must be
turned carefully by hand, no turning sticks being al¬
lowed in the field. Then after cultivating they must
be replaced in practically their original position, and
of course the question
comes, Does it pay to do
it? We thoroughly believe
it does. In the first place,
the later the ground is tilled
without injury to the crop
the better, and secondly, if
the vines arc large they will
cover the ground thoroughly
within a week or so after
farming, thus smothering
and preventing any growth
of filth, thereby giving a
clean, decent 1'ieUcl during
the entire Fall, whereas if
the last cultivation is given
so early that the grass and
weeds have time to sprout
and get started before the
vines cover the ground a
dirty field will be the result
This is not oidy a disagree¬
able circumstance at picking
time, but a positive disad¬
vantage to the full develop¬
ment of the crop. At the
last cultivation, about the
middle of July here in south
Jersey, it is our custom to
sow Crimson clover with a
small portion of turnip seed
mixed with it. The seed is
sown immediately after the
cultivators and then harrowed in with a small har¬
row. This gives a good cover crop of clover for
Winter and frequently the turnips are pulled and sold
in the late Fall at a fair price. They practically cost
nothing except the seed, and all that you get is clear
profit.

SWEET POTATOES.— Again, in cultivating sweet
potatoes we use the same argument. It is done just
when the vines are at that stage where they will
shortly cover the entire ground, thus preventing the
growth of all grass and weeds. But here we must
look out that they do not get rooted to the ground
and thereby become almost impossible to turn. So
on through all the midsummer and late Fall crops ; the
main point seems to be to cultivate just as late as
possible not to injure the crop. In summing up the
advantages of this late cultivation are so evident that
it scarcely seems worth while to emphasize them, but
in passing I will just note a few. Of course the thor¬
ough tilling of the ground at this time goes far in
preserving the moisture to bring the fruit to maturity,
a time when water is of more importance than at any
other period of development. Also, as I have already

mentioned, it secures a clean condition of the ground,
free from weeds and all other trash. It leaves the field
in a satisfactory condition at picking time.

BORDEAUX SPRAYING. — In our spraying opera¬
tions this Summer we have continued on the same
plan as last season, that is, using Bordeaux (five pounds
copper sulphate and five pounds of stone lime to .'><)
gallons of water). We are using a Niagara gas power
for our work, and find it as satisfactory as any machine
we have ever used. Last season in cantaloupes the
benefits of thorough spraying were unquestionable. The
sprayed portions of the field withstood the ravages of
the fungus diseases some days longer than the un¬
sprayed, thereby greatly increasing the yield and profits.
In watermelons the results were not quite so certain,
but on the whole the spraying operations were a success.
This year we have used considerable Bordeaux Mixture
on string beans with gratifying results, although the ad¬
vantage of this work is hard to measure definitely, yet
there is no question that it pays to follow it up. In canta¬
loupes, melons and cucumbers, we begin when the plant

begins to shoot the first runners, and continue at intervals
of about 10 days during the rest of the season up to pick¬
ing time. The best results are obtained by this thor¬
ough method, but I believe that each spraying is of
sufficient value in itself to warrant doing even if not
followed up. In other words, I think the results will
be just in proportion to fhe number and thoroughness
of the sprayings performed. This holds true in regard
to all crops — tomatoes, potatoes, etc. I feel certain that
spraying field crops as a preventive for fungus diseases
of various kinds is a practical operation, and one that
pays as well as any other labor expended on the crop.

GATHERING TRUCK CROPS.— I believe our aim
should be so to gather our various produce that it may
be put on the market in the best possible selling condi¬
tion, in a certain sense, irrespective of cost. Determine
the methods that secure the best results, the proper
time and method of picking, the best package possible
to use for shipping, the care in sorting, etc., and a
hundred other items of detail that every grower must
work out for himself, depending upon local conditions
and facilities. Having obtained the results, then spare
no amount of time and effort to reduce the cost of se¬

curing them that the transactions ipay net the greatest
amount of profit possible. The man with the determina¬
tion to do this will surely win in the long run. If
produce is worth raising, it surely is well worth spend¬
ing enough on in gathering, packing and shipping to
make it attractive and desirable. I sometimes think
there are more failures in this line of work than in
the growing.

GA I HER WHEN READY. — One of the most im¬
portant points in gathering produce is in the frequency.
The natural tendency is to wait until there is a large
picking ready, but it has always been our experience that
this gives a varied article, some over-ripe and some in
condition. If you keep the thought uppermost that the
really essential point is to have it in the best possible
shape the moment it is put upon the market I believe
the right idea has been found. In picking cantaloupes
we aim to pick every day in the cool of the morning.

I he fruit is picked, loaded and put upon the market in
three to four hours; therefore we pick just as soon as
the stem can be made to peel from the fruit by exer¬
cising a small amount of
pressure. No fruit that
shows any amount of color¬
ing is shipped. This se¬
cures a package that will
be ready for table use the
following morning; a pack¬
age that will run uniformly,
or in other words, that the
dealer can depend upon
without any great amount
of waste. It takes an ex¬
perienced eye to pick canta¬
loupes accurately, but by
perseverance it is possible
so to train a crowd of men
that comparatively satisfac¬
tory results may be ob¬
tained. These observations
hold true in regard to most
of our crops. Pick so as to
keep them in good condi¬
tion. The one essential
point at this time of year,
more than at any other, is
to be in a position to do
each job at exactly the right
time, thus avoiding injury
to your crop and accom¬
plishing -the task more eco¬
nomically. It pays to have
an excess of help occasion¬
ally rather than a shortage
because one miss in the late season may make useless
all your previous effort. Joseph barton.

Burlington Co., N. J.

AN AIR PRESSURE WATER SYSTEM.

I have one in my home, and it works to perfection.
The tank is 30 inches in diameter, and 10 feet long,
and is placed horizontally in the cellar. I use a com¬
bined pump ; that is, a pump that is so constructed that
it forces the air and water into this large tank at the
same time. The pipe that runs from the pump to the
tank is one inch in size and enters the lower side of the
tank. This air passing through the water and collecting
at the upper part of tank purifies the water just the

same as a water elevator does hi a cistern. At the

lower side of the other end of the tank the discharge
pipe leaves the tank, and can be placed in any part of
the house where you want water.. The pump I have
is placed on the porch and we operate it by hand. I
have a bathtub, closet and hot and cold water both in

the kitchen and bathroom. On the cold water line up¬

stairs there must be a 200-pound water gauge to tell
how the pressure stands. The pressure can be pumped

582

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 5,

up to 100 pounds by hand. These pumps can be oper¬
ated by gasoline engine, motors, windmill, etc. When
we use a windmill we put on a regulator so that the
pressure in the tank will thrown the mill out of gear. I
have also sill cocks on my house, so I can water the
lawn. I have sold 15 of the outfits in the last 14
months, and you can rest assured that they are all right.
If you have any friends who wish to install such
plants, if they will send me the size of the basement
and where the wrell stands from the house, and where
they want the fixtures in the house, I will gladly send
them a drawing of what they need. If these plants are
installed correctly they will never freeze in the Winter.

Kansas. c. d. shake.

I have had a pneumatic tank in the cellar of my house
for a little over two years. Water is pumped into it by
means of a windmill force pump, which 1 formerly
used to pump water into an elevated tank. 1 replaced
the elevated tank with this pneumatic tank, and am
very glad I made the change. I did not have to change
my pump, but simple ran a discharge pipe from the
underground discharge to the pneumatic tank in the
cellar, instead of running it to the elevated tank. Front
the pneumatic tank I have a pipe running to my kitchen
and bathroom, and a branch pipe to the barn. This
branch pipe furnishes water for about six head of stock.
The water from this stock hydrant has never been
colder than 40 degrees, even in the coldest Winter wea¬
ther, with the mercury below zero. Generally the water
is delivered at a temperature of about 50 degrees, both
Summer and Winter. I have had no trouble from rust
or frozen pipes. My well is an open well, with water
about 35 feet below the ground. The tank has a device
for furnishing the air automatically, so that no air
pump is necessary. The windmill is regulated auto¬
matically, and stops pumping when GO pounds pressure
is reached. I have a hose connection in my attic and
another in my yard for protection against fire, and can
throw a stream of water over the top of the house
without any trouble. J. G. H.

Illinois. _

MORE ABOUT CEMENT BUILDING BLOCKS.

Their Cost Compared With Lumber.

Can you give me any definite and trustworthy information
respecting cement blocks as used for building purposes? I
would like to know cost as compared with lumber ; what
proportion of cement to use with sand in making blocks;
whether blocks are impervious to water, so a building would
not be damp. Where are they being used? g. ii. t.

Southold, N. Y.

Cement blocks, if made properly, and good cement
and clean sharp sand are used, are imperious to moisture,
and make perfectly dry buildings. The kind in use here
are 8x8x16 inches in size, and are hollow. The block
is made of three or four parts sand to one part Port¬
land cement faced with two parts sand to one of
cement. Some are three parts sand to one of cement
throughout. Two concerns make these blocks for sale
here. One charges 10 cents each and the other eight
cents for them.

The Coliseum at our county seat, Brazil, is built
of these blocks; it is a large building that seats 2,000
people. Many store rooms and dwelling houses also
are built of them. The town of Carbon in our county
w'as substantially built, with brick buildings, some of
them three stories high. A few weeks ago fire destroyed
practically the entire town; scarcely two bricks were
left one on top of the other. The bank building was built
of cement blocks, and was in the center of the fiercest
fire. The doors and windows were destroyed, but
otherwise the building was uninjured. The best infor¬
mation obtainable makes the cost a little more than
lumber, but less than that of common red brick. The
main things are good Portland cement and sharp, clean
sand, and not more than three parts of sand to one of
cement. R-

Clay Co., Indiana.

In regard to the cost of the blocks in comparison
with lumber, if the blocks are manufactured by the
owner of the property, and no profit to figure in, the
finished building would cost just about the same, and
possibly a little less than if built of lumber. If the
blocks are bought on the open market, with the manu¬
facturer’s profit added, which profit is usually about
100 per cent, the cost of the finished wall would be
about the same as if of ordinary common brick, but if
the blocks are made by the owner the cost would be
much less then brick bought in the market. As a gen¬
eral rule the proportion used is one part of Portland
cement to five parts of sand and gravel. When the
blocks are first made they are inclined to absorb mois¬
ture, and in fact they require moisture in order that
they may obtain their final hardness. They continue
to get harder and harder and more impervious to
moisture as they get older, so that blocks as much as
one year old are sufficiently non-absorbent for all prac¬
tical purposes, and if it is desired that they should be

impervious to moisture from the beginning they could
be coated with a solution of waterproofing material.
You will understand that brick, stone, concrete and all
forms of masonry will absorb moisture to a certain
extent, but concrete, when well made and cured, is
perhaps the most satisfactory form of masonry that can
be constructed. the pettyjohn company.

Terre Haute, Ind.

A good cement block building will cost a small sum
more than than one built of good lumber, but of course
it is much more durable. It does not require painting

NEW “FADELESS" FLOWER. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 246.
See Ruralisms, Page 586.

from time to time, and is far cheaper in the end than
a wooden building. It costs less than a brick building.
The proportion of cement necessary to mix with sand
and gravel depends more or less upon the quality of
the sand and gravel which can be used, as good sharp
sand which will cut when rubbing between the hands
and fine gravel requires less cement than poor material.
The proportion usually used is five or six parts of sand to
one of cement. In regard to blocks being impervious to
water will say that no machine should be used on
which blocks cannot be faced with a finer material than
used in the body of the block. The best machines are
so constructed that a facing of half inch, of one to one
or two to one can be used, the rest of the block being
made of the coarser material. This makes a block which
is impervious to water.

Rochester, N. Y. atlas cement machine co.

Stone sold from the stone yard and constructed into
buildings by contractor's would cost as compared with
wood 10 per cent greater. For farm use, if molds or
machine were purchased and the labor done on
the farm, the cost would be practically the same as
wood. The proportions of sand and cement vary ac¬
cording to the method used in making stone. With the
dry process in which clear sand and cement are used the
proportion is four parts sand to one of cement. That
class of machine known as the “face-down” machine,
in which the face is made on the bottom of the mold,
and properly graded concrete in the backing, a propor¬
tion of five and even six to one can be used. With the
wet process a proportion of seven parts of gravel to one
of cement will make good stone. To make a building
constructed of cement stone impervious to moisture it is

necessary to make the block of a correctly proportioned
concrete, thoroughly tamped in order to eliminate the
voids or space in the block through which the moisture
would pass. We find this impossible in the dry process,
but find in the wet process we can make blocks which
are practically impervious to moisture. In our local
work we guarantee all buildings constructed of our wet
process stone to be frost and moisture proof.

Grand Rapids, Mich. k. dykema & son.

WHITEWASH OR CHEAP PAINT.

I rebuilt my barn, using part dressed pine and part rough
oak weather boarding. Is there any kind of whitewash
that would do for the whole barn, as I cannot paint the
rough oak? g. m.

Harrison, Ohio.

The so-called cold water paints are the only cheap
prepared substitute for paint. I have used them for
inside work only. They are all right for the place.
Where I have seen their use on outside work they have
not, after a short time, looked well. We make a white¬
wash for inside work th„t causes people to ask me, when
they see it, what kind of paint we use. It is made of
lime and salt only. The secret is in the preparation.
Use only fresh lump lime, slake with boiling water just
what you want to use at one time, or not more than can
be applied while still hot. Do not use too much water
nor too little, just enough to make perfect slaking. Be¬
fore using add one-fotn'th as much salt as lime at the
start, and apply while hot, rubbing it into the wall as
you would paint. Do not try to get it too thin ; it will
spread all right when hot if the consistency is like paste.
For outside work, if I wanted to use so cheap a mate¬
rial, I would add as much Portland cement as there was
salt, and apply in the same way. This would stand for
awhile. If you have milk use skim-milk instead of
water in the same way after the first slaking, and this
will have a tendency to harden. Be sure hot water is
used, and the application made at once. If people only
knew how quickly and cheaply this work was done, sta¬
bles, pens and every animal compartment would be
coated. A whitewash brush with a short handle is best
_ H. E. C.

SOME ASSERTIONS ABOUT BUTTED GLASS

Use of Patent Glazing Strips.

If you would send to manufacturers of greenhouse lumber
you would find yourself "way off” as to the proper way to
use butted glass. The glass Is simply laid flat with edges
together and fastened with cap bars and screws. No putty
or Z strips are used. The Z glazing strip invented by Mr.
Gasser, of Cleveland, O., was used on lapped glass, and I
have never seen It used for butted glass. I have a roof
(quarter pitch) which is flatter than it should be, on which
the glass is butted, and not a particle of water drips
through. I would glaze in no other way. The sash bars
are channeled in the sides, and any water which stops
at the points runs sideways until it strikes the bar, and
is conducted down to a drip groove or trough at the plate.
In a high wind a good deal of cold air is driven under
lapped glass, and the Gasser strip was to prevent this and
slipping. With butted glass the wind climbs the roof and
does not enter, but probably a little warm air escapes from
the inside, although very little tobacco smoke issues.

Ohio. L. B. PIEKCE.

There are doubtless a number of men in this country
who honestly believe that butted glass is preferable
for the roof of a greenhouse, and apparently this cor¬
respondent is one of that small minority. But after a
continuous experience in greenhouse building and
greenhouse work of over 30 years I am unable to agree
with his conclusions, or rather assertions, for some of
those statements do not seem to be clearly proved. I f
ro putty or lead is used in glazing with butted glass,
why should the Dillon Greenhouse Mfg. Co. offer in
their price list “White lead for glazing butted glass” at
a certain price per 100 pounds? The Gasser zinc strip
was made especially to be used as a filler between the
joints of butted glass, so as to cover some of the un¬
avoidable irregularities in the glass, and was not in¬
tended to be used with lapped glass, because there is no
necessity for any such appliance in the latter case. The
statement that “any water which stops at the joints runs
sideways until it strikes the bar, and is conducted down
to a drip groove at the plate,” does not entirely agree
with the statement that “not a particle of water drips
through,” and seems to confirm the contention of the
lapped glass exponents that there is excessive leakage
from butted glass. And finally it is said that the wind
does not enter, but “probably a little warm air escapes,”
from which it would seem that the greenhouse in ques¬
tion must contain something that nature abhors, name¬
ly, a vacuum. If butted glass were the best and most
profitable method of glazing would it not be promptly
adopted by such extensive growers as Reinberg in the
West and Dreer or Henderson in the East?

_ w. II. TAPLIN.

A TEXAN TALKS. — I cannot but love and admire The
R. N.-Y. for the good it is doing and has done In the past.
Apple eating is a grand thing; it means better health for
our people and less demand for strong drink by those eating
the apples. Yes, that parcels post must come, and if our
farmers will but demand it Congress cannot refuse, but will
grant it. As to the IT. S. Senate, it could hardly afford to
oppose a measure meaning so much good to the great ma¬
jority of our people. Now, I, for my part, expect to ask
every candidate for Congress on the stump to declare him¬
self as regards the parcels post. It will never come unless
we demand It in vigorous terms, because the “boodle money”
of the express companies will be enough to prevent action
as long as the people remain indifferent. With us in the
South express charges are outrageous. A piece of hardware
I ordered recently from Chicago, weighing only seven pounds,
cost me a dollar charges t.o get here.

Texas. j. w. stecbenrauch.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

583

PLAIN TALK ABOUT SILOS.

Material and Method of Construction.

Will some one tell me in plain language just how to build
a silo suitable for 20 cows? reader.

New Jersey.

That I may not be misunderstood, let me first say
that a round silo 25 feet high by 15 feet across would
accommodate 20 cows, and the material can be furnished
so that any carpenter can put it up. although a man who
has had no previous experience along this line may
have some bother on the start. A good silo of this kind
will cost about $200. This to many is a large price. Is
it too high? In order have such a silo that will not •
shrink and decay, only the very best lumber can be used,
which means discarding a good deal of material, which
somebody must pay for. Then it costs a lot of money to
keep agents on the road to sell these silos, and the
firms selling them are entitled to and must have a profit.

I have three silos built as described below that have
been in use 10, 14 and 16 years, and are giving to-day
excellent satisfaction. They are in the barn or sheds,
and so need no extra roof or siding. The deeper the
silo the better. If it is outside I would build 25 feet
high, 14 feet across. If inside not less than 20 feet high,
and the other dimensions may suit the size of the place
where it is to be set, not getting over 10 feet on a side.
If the place is not high enough for 20 feet, if the soil
is such that no water stands, dig a cellar six feet deep,
and one foot wider on each side than the size of the
silo. Build a box around this cellar of rough boards a
foot from the outside. These may be held in place by
posts set in the earth and braced. Be sure to have the
ends of the boards square, make a mortar box 12 feet*
long and six or seven wide; in it slake a barrel of
good lime, mix through this lime 12 barrels of gravel,
then add to it one barrel of common ce¬
ment. Make it just stiff enough so that it
will not run ; fill this in between the
boards and the «trth, working it solid and
close to the boards with a spade or trowel.

In this may be placed as many rough
stones of any kind as will lie without
touching each other on the side of the
box. For such a wall 16 feet eight inches
on the four sides and four feet deep we
used five barrels each of lime and cement ;
inexpensive material and no skilled high-
priced mechanic to do the work. Then
for the bottom mix with one part of com¬
mon cement two parts of sand. Mix
thoroughly before wetting. Level the
earth at the bottom, and lay a two-inch
plank a foot from the wall after it has
set 24 hours and the boarding has been
taken away. Put in the cement and level
it even with the plank. The plank can
then be shoved another foot and so be a
guide for a level bottom.

On top of this wall lay 2 x 8 pine or
hemlock planks two inches from the face;
these planks lapping on each corner the
full width. Then spike together with
20-penny nails. Two inches of cement
will have to be laid under the planks on
the two sides that come on top. Then set temporary
“shores” or studs eight inches high on the upper
planks, 10 inches on the lower; in these lay planks
as above. This will make the girding eight inches apart.
The next can be 12 and so jumping four inches each
time until the top is reached, the pressure being less
as one goes up. All that is necessary is to be care¬
ful to keep the structure plumb. Then spike a piece of
2 x 3 inches across each corner long enough to cut
off a foot. This does away with the square corner.
Then board up and down with unplaned pine or hem¬
lock of even thickness. Cover this siding with heavy
tar paper. Then side again with the same material,
breaking joints. If six or eight-inch lumber is used
this will make a three or four-inch lap. Wider lumber
is apt to warp. To make a complete and durable job
of this cover the inside over with a good tar paint put
on hot. Outline of silo is shown in Fig. 247.

On the side where the outlet is to be, notch into
the girders an inch each side of a space wide enough
to go in and out, using a two-inch plank for siding.
Then set the next siding a couple of inches back from
this, winch will make a good jamb for the door boards.
After the siding is on all the rest of the space, enough
of the center girders may be cut out of the doorway
to allow easy going in or out. As the silo is filled
boards cut the width of the door may be set across
against these jambs, lapped half width. The silage
will hold them in place, and if paper is put between the
boards this door will be as tight as any part of the silo.
If a wall is built as above the corners can be filled
with grout to correspond with .the corner cut off the
woodwork. If there is room to go 20 feet or higher,
then a simple wall, on which to lay the first girders,
is all that is necessary. This can be built of the same
material as I have suggested for cellar wall. Such a

silo built 14 years ago, with a four-foot grout wall, 16
feet of timber on top of same, 16 feet eight inches
square, and sheathed on the outside on two sides, cost
for material and the labor of one handy man $64.75.
The rest of the work we did ourselves. Of course such
a silo can be built wholly outside, and if sheathed on
the outside will make a neat building, although this
extra sheathing is not necessary to keep the silage.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

HAY-MAKING IN FLORIDA.

In answer to your remark that “many people in
the North think hay cannot be grown in the South,”
or in Florida, 1 would like to say that it certainly can,
and at about one-half the expense that it costs in the
North. Fig. 248 shows a one-acre plot in my orchard,
which yielded two tons of as fine hay as I ever saw
at the first cutting the season this picture was taken.
The hay was native Crab grass and Mexican clover,
both of which are spontaneous in this soil, and come on
and make a crop of hay after corn is laid by, or oats
harvested, or in the melon patch, potato field, etc., and
this without any effort on the part of the farmer. The
Giant beggarweed is also self-seeding, and makes a
fine quality of hay', equal to the best clover. In Florida
the hay crop is usually grown and harvested after the
regular crops have been taken off the land, and is
that much extra that northern farmers do not get ex¬
cept in weeds. By devoting the entire season to hay
here, it is possible to grow three and even four crops
on the same land in one year. By feeding green we can
make six and seven cuttings from Pearl millet, the
most productive forage I know, but it is not satisfactory
for curing. Last year 1 took two tons of cured cow
pea hay from an acre at one cutting, and my land is no

IIAY IN A FLORIDA MAYFIELD. Fig. 248.

better than the average. In fact, it is one of the first
pieces in cultivation here, and when I bought it six
years ago it would only make six or eight bushels of
corn to the acre.

I am a photographer by profession, and simply have
my little four-acre farm for exercise and the pleasure
it gives. Three and a half acres were set to apples of
our own grafting, with peaches and plums between. We
had the trees, so disregarded the advice of the older set¬
tlers, and planted northern-grown trees and varieties.
Our experience has been worth a good deal to us. Many
trees were killed by rabbits gnawing them, and while
apples are not a success here I believe it worth while
to have a few. They ripen when there are none on the
market, and one tree has borne a peck of large fruit.
Peaches and Japan plums are at home here if properly
cared for. Our Abundance plums are simply breaking
down with fruit this year. The Burbanks are loaded,
but do not break so badly. We grow almost all the
northern fruits and vegetables here, and much else, and
from my experience a given quantity of good stable
manure will yield greater returns in this soil than in
the North. We have fewer insects, and, strange as it
may seem, fewer snakes. Robins, doves, Meadow larks
and Night hawks are shot for sport by many who do
not know or care for consequences. c. e. p.

Chipley, Florida.

A RURAL MAIL CARRIER'S SIDE.

On page 540 you discuss rural free delivery. I think
you are right in saying that the way to make the rural
delivery pay is to reduce the postage. I understand
that Mr. Spellman of the Post Office Department is to
spend July, August and September traveling about the
country and riding with rural carriers, for the purpose
of seeing what ought to be done to improve the service

and make it pay. You say that we have more or less
a fat job. Take nvy route for a month, and see how
fat you get. I have a 25-mile route up and down hills,
scarcely any level. 1 keep three horses. Each horse
has one quart oats and one quart corn three times a
day, and about 15 pounds per day of good hay. I feed
at 6 A. M., 10 A. M., and 7 P. M. ; get my dinner at
10.30 A. M., hitch up at 11, and drive to the office,
as 1 am obliged to be there at 11.30 or before if nec¬
essary. The stage is due at 11.30, and I leave at 12 or
as soon after as possible, but never later than 1 P. M.

I am due to return at 6 P. M. or before. Days when
the stage is late I have to make a big hustle to get
back in time for the 6 P. M. stage. 1 change horses
on the route, so as to use two of them every day.

Carrier No. 2 keeps two horses, and they make the full

/

trip every other day. He is going to buy another horse,
for he feeds his two more than I do my three, and
mine are in the better condition. You can see that
about all the spare time I have is from 8 to 10 A. M.,
and a good many days that time is put in at the black¬
smith shop. The expense for feed, shoeing, and repairs
on harness, wagon and sleigh is $20 a month. Out of
the $40 a month left, we have to live, and every year or
two buy new horses, wagon, harness, etc. We have
small farms, and can raise our hay, and do not have
any rent to pay, and we cannot any more than make a
fair thing out of it. The carriers on an adjacent route
live in the village and have to buy everything and pay
rent; they say they have to figure close to live, as the
running expenses arc so much. I like the job very
much, but do not think I ever should have gone into it
only my hands and wrists would not stand milking so
many cows, and I had to do other work. Now, do not
think by this letter that I am a chronic kicker, for l
not, and the postmaster will tell you if
jrou ask him that I always come in good-
natured at night, no matter how deep the
snow or mud. As a regular reader of
The R. N.-Y. I have read with much in¬
terest your articles on parcels post, and
think it is coming some time. I do not
believe in putting the rate of postage clear
down, and making every post office a
freight house, and every rural route a
common carrier. How would it do to put
the postage on merchandise at four cents
per pound and limit the package to 25
pounds? E. S. CONANT.

DO LIGHTNING RODS PROTECT
BUILDINGS ?

Your answer to a “Problem of a Light¬
ning Rod,” on page 545, leads me to say
that in this State the idea is becoming
quite general that properly constructed
lightning rods do protect buildings from
lightning. We have in this State 154
county mutual co-operative insurance as¬
sociations, all working locally and inde¬
pendent, but joined together by a State
association under the name of Iowa State
Convention of Mutual Insurance Associa¬
tions. There is in round numbers $300,-
uoo.ooo in risks carried by these county associations, all
farm property. So far no compilation of the losses
caused by lightning has been made, but it is believed
that a large percentage, at least 50 per cent of the total
amount, is the result of lightning, and you may be sure
that protection from lightning is a live question with our
people. The question is gone over in all the wrays we
farmers know each year. Dr. John R. Sage, director
of the weather and crop service of this State, became
interested, and for 1 1 years sent out blanks to crop re¬
porters calling for information on this particular line.
For 10 years there was not a single case of loss re¬
ported of buildings being damaged where properly
rodded, or stock being killed by coming in contact with
wire fences, where the wires had been grounded. The
eleventh year a vacant house that was rodded was re¬
ported to have been struck by lightning and burned.
But it was known that one of the points was lying on
the roof, and the rod on the side next the road lacked
about four feet of reaching the ground, and no one
seemed to know in what condition the other side was.
For the 24 years of our State association’s activities not
a single loss has been reported on buildings properly
rodded. With us that means a continuous rod (either
copper cable or a cable made of fencing wire) nailed
in direct contact with the building, terminating in a
sharp point above the building, and the other end in
the ground deep enough to reach moist earth. Some of
our county associations buy copper cable by the carload,
and sell to their members at cost. While our people
are in no way scientifically inclined, we work strenu¬
ously for results, and it is easily seen why we put faith
in well-constructed lightning rods and grounded fence
wires. We have had as high as 20 head of cattle killed
by one stroke of lightning, and from two to five is not
an uncommon occurrence, all of which could be easily
avoided. But you remember the story of the Arkansas
traveler about the man shingling his house : Can’t
ground fence wires in a storm, and when there is no
storm it is not needed, jerqmk smith.

Iowa,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 5,

584

SUTTON BEAUTY APPLE FOR NEW
ENGLAND.

1. L. IV’., Gardiner, Me. — Is Sutton Beauty
hardier than Baldwin, or equal to Spy for
hardiness? is it likely to become as popular
a seller? Should you think it would do
well here? Baldwin suffered more than for
25 years last Winter here.

I am not favorably impressed with the
way the Sutton bears or grows. 1 believe
double the money can be made from
Baldwin McIntosh. The Sutton is not
a strong grower nor an early bearer. This
apple has been known for 50 years, yet
how little headway it has made. If it
was a good grower, bearer and profitable
apple to raise it would be better known
throughout New England. While we
have a good lot of the trees growing, and
will have a good stock of the trees this
Fall for sale, yet 1 would say go slow on
the Sutton as a commercial apple.

Connecticut. edwin hoyt.

I have only a few trees of this variety
in bearing, most of which are grafted.
These, up to this time, have not borne
as much fruit as the Baldwin. The tree
is very upright and vigorous, and comes
into bearing much later than the Baldwin.
The fruit has shown a tendency to be¬
come water-cored, and on some trees
has been attacked by the black rot. Un¬
der the same conditions it is of smaller
size but about the same color as the Bald¬
win. Many consumers prefer the latter
for cooking, but for table use the Sutton
will be most popular when known.

Massachusetts. s. t. maynarp.

Sutton Beauty is a fine apple. It has its
merits — also some demerits. I doubt if
it ever becomes as popular as Baldwin.
It does not bear quite so early, it appears
not to stand neglect as well, and the fruit
does not keep so late in storage. They
are apt to run a trifle small also on trees
heavily loaded. The color is superb and
the quality rather better than Baldwin, I
think. You ask me what proportion of
Sutton I would plant in setting out a new
orchard. Of course this is an entirely
personal question, and my answer must
be judged in that light. Personally I may
say that I would not plant any Sutton
in a new orchard, neither would I plant
Baldwin or Ben Davis, though I recognize
these to be the most generally profitable
varieties grown. f. a. waugh.

Massachusetts

The Sutton is an admirable apple on
rich or well-tilled lands, but apparently
will not stand the conditions to which
many New England orchards are subjected.
Baldwins will produce freely of very high¬
ly colored attractive fruit under conditions
which would result in utter failure with
Sutton. On the other hand, Sutton is ap¬
parently hardier than Baldwin, and is of
better quality, though not quite so good a
keeper. It is doubtful whether Sutton
ever takes the place of Baldwin as a pop¬
ular favorite. If setting a new orchard
of 1,000 trees, I should be inclined to set
200 Suttons and most of the remainder
would be Baldwins. The severe weather
of last Winter, following a very heavy
crop, was disastrous to the Baldwin in
many sections of Maine, but where the
trees were cared for and the fruit was
properly thinned, there was little trouble.
Personally I am a decided advocate of the
Baldwin as the commercial apple for New
England, except in those localities where
it is not hardy. w. m. munson.

Maine.

As comnared with Baldwin, Sutton will
probably never be as popular to grow.
In market it will sell with Baldwin; at
least readily does so far as our crop
goes. It is of brighter color and finer in
quality as a dessert fruit. It will not keep
as late. March is about its limit. The
Sutton’s great fault is in the tree. It is
tender in trunk as a root-grafted or
budded tree, although easily grown. As
a top-grafted tree it does very finely, but
must be set very low, as it is a very up¬
right grower. It comes into bearing
about with the Baldwin. The variety is a
verv heavy biennial bearer; usually must
be thinned to have good size. For or¬
chard purposes. Spy, Ben Davis or some
other hardy variety should be planted,
then a year later top-work to Sutton, or
use trees top-worked in the nursery row.
We are using Sutton in this way, and
planting about as many as of other stand-
rrd sorts. Spy is not a valuable apple in
Connecticut. There are very few locali¬
ties where it does well. As a stock for
oilier sorts it is very good when not too
high-headed. a. g. gulley.

Connecticut.

Some years ago $. D. Willard spoke at
one. of our pomological meetings. He
spoke with much enthusiasm of the Sut¬
ton Beauty. At our next annual exhibi¬
tion Mr. Willard sent us samples of this
fruit, saying that his children always
selected for their eating the best speci¬
mens, and consequently those sent were
the »maller ones. Several persons ordered

more or less of the trees of this variety,
and they were set in different parts of
the State. As yet fruit has been shown
from only one locality, but that was very
fine, and the grower was enthusiastic.
The fruit was of good size, and every one
was well pleased with it. The Spring
following Mr. Willard’s visit to Maine
he sent me a few scions. I set them in two
trees. One of them bore last year, but
the fruit, though highly colored, was
small. In harvesting they were mixed up
with the Baldwins, and we completely lost
sight of them. Since then I have grafted
one or two other trees, but have no fruit
from fliem as yet. The trees are very late
in sending out leaves and blossoms, and
seem to be very slow in coming into bear¬
ing. My trees seem to be entirely hardy.
The Baldwin is our leading variety, but
there are others that growers find profit¬
able. Spy, Golden and Roxbury Russets,
the R. I. Greening, Harvey, Wealthy and
several other varieties have been found
nearly or quite as profitable as the Bald¬
win, and the trees are more hardy. The
Baldwin has fared hard the past two sea¬
sons. It may be they have been permitted
to bear too much fruit. There were many
trees that showed weakness in 1904, and
yet nearly all were permitted to bear much
fruit, which ao a rule was much under
size. At the present time many trees are
covered with dead limbs, while others are
entirely dead. How much the cold weather
bad io do with this killing of the trees I
cannot say, but I cannot help thinking it
was one of the faults. This weakness of
the Baldwin makes the fruit grower think
of other varieties as equally desirable. I
do not believe the ideal fruit has been
grown as yet. Certainly it is not the
Baldwin, and if Mr. Willard’s recent writ¬
ings on the Sutton Beauty are correct that
is not the ideal apple for him, and I do
not believe it is going to become as popu¬
lar as the Baldwin. As to planting a new
orchard 1 should be slow in setting cither
Baldwin or Sutton Beauty. Some in
Maine are setting Wealthy quite largely,
and the sales of this variety the past few
years seem to warrant this choice. There
are several orchardists who are very fa¬
vorable to the McIntosh and I am sure
they are getting good returns from it.
It scabs some, though few of our growers
are spraying to prevent it.

D. K. KNOWLTON.

ALFALFA FOR INOCULATING.

Under this heading, page 356, replying
to A. B., warts or nodules are spoken
of. On Alfalfa inoculated by the use of
soil from New Jersey, and on that in¬
oculated by California soil, 1 found within
three months of sowing, not warts or
nodules, but clusters of tubercles, so
slightly attached that if was necessary to
exercise great care in withdrawing roots
from the soil, lest these tubercles be de¬
tached. 1 found the first on the main
stem of the loot, and later on tiny root¬
lets. Still later I found the tubercles
somewhat deformed and more crowded,
the clusters having more than one point
of attachment. Alfalfa can undoubtedly
be grown successfully in soil free from
bacteria. Feed it well, protect it at the
start from robber weeds, and pay for
your nitrogen. The “nodule”-bearing
plant is simply less likely to be starved
out. When the crop is gathered into the
barn it means much nitrogen gained from
the air (sometimes equal to 200 pounds
per acre). Without bacteria this nitrogen
has been gathered from your own soil.
Bacteria may and often do exist in soils
never sown with Alfalfa, and they find
their way to the roots promptly. Every
farmer interested in Alfalfa should read
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 214, issued by the
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

w. w. s.

GIRDLED GRAPES IN THE HUDSON
VALLEY.

I think about one-half as many grapes
are girdled as were five years ago. Some
of our very best Delaware growers still
adhere to the practice, but have changed
their method. F'ormerly they girdled two
or three of the four arms used in the
Kniffin system ; now three shoots are
trained from the ground to a five or six-
foot wire. One bearing fruit is girdled ;
this one is three years old ; the next is two
years and has all of the fruit removed,
and is in reserve to be girdled next year,
and carries foliage enough to mature
the fruit after the girdled part is cut off.
and the third or year-old one is growing
from the ground to the wire to take the
place in the rotation. A ring of bark
is removed from vine back of the fruit
about three-quarters of an inch long. This
is cut out; by shears with a notch filed out
by a pocket knife, or an ingenious little
tool having parallel knives the right dis¬
tance apart, riveted to a block that also
holds a thumb spring that removes the
bark as cut by the knives. It is just

turned around the cane once or twice
to complete the operation ; the depth of
cut is regulated by the block, and the
pressure on the spring starts the bark. If
allowed thoroughly to ripen the quality is
not injured, but the object is to color
them a week or 10 days earlier, and the
grapes are usually cut as soon as colored,
and before they are very sweet. The
price for Hudson River Delawares in
Boston starts at $2 or more for 15 to 20-
pound cases, and in 10 day falls to $1 or
less, and it is to secure the higher price
for some part of the crop that all this
trouble is taken. E. w. b.

Orange Co., N. Y.

Japan Plums. — Referring to Mr. Ben¬
son's article on page 535, our experience dif¬
fers from his. The Abundance, Burbank and
Red June were not injured a particle by the
unexampled severity of the Winter of 1903-4,
when the mercury dropped to 33 degrees be¬
low zero (some sections of the State reporting
40), more or less Injuring all kinds of fruit
trees except Japan plums. The Abundance
and Burbank were overloaded last year, which
may account for a relatively small crop this
year. We know of no more delicious plum
than the former, not equaled, as we think,
by any of the European class. The Burbank
is better canned than eaten out of band.
What few peach trees (about 50 per cent)
survived the two past Winters are loaded
with fruit, but are evidently nearing the end
of their usefulness, ns indicated by a lack of
leaf vigor. To be sure of peaches In this lati¬
tude continuously we must plant every year.

Eastern Connecticut. it. n. boa RDM an.

V* hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

FOR SALE CHEAP

A SMALL ORCHARD,

within three miles of the City of Geneva.

PRODUCTIVE AND DESIRABLE

For information, address
Post Office Box 323, Geneva, N. Y.

P I CT PLANTS; very strong. The

VIbLEiR 1 plants have art average of four
square inches of space each over the whole field.
$1 00, 1 000; ^4.00 5,000 , 70c. 500. Giant Rascal, Golden
Self Blanching, Golden Heart, Winter Queen.

F. W. ROCHELLE, Drawer 3, Chester, N. J.

RIMSON CLOVE

Nature’s Fertilizer and Ideal Hay
Crop. New circular describing its
merits and why every Fanner and
Trucker should plant it. mailed FREE. Write for
prices also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, Pa.

A I C— Crimson Clover Seed,
■ "w CP A4 Li Emm $5 50 per hushel ; Cow

Peas, if 1.75 hushel. J. £. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

C CCn WHEAT — Clean, s°u,id and graded. Four
OLLU TTllLHI hardy and prolific varieties. If
not as represented, resliip and get your money
hack. 'Booklet and samples for stamp. TIMOTHY
SEED. A. H. Hoffman, Bamford, LancasterCo., Pa.

BEST SEED WHEATS

A'ways come from the famous Maplewood Seed
Wheat Farms. Always pure, clean, highest vitality,
thoroughly regraded. Some wonderful new ones this
year. Our Catalogue No 15 tells all about them; how
and why they come to be the best. C ost hut a postal.
Get it. now.

Maplewood Seed Wheat Farms, Allegan, Mich,

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES i PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
’ fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-

r htiHrtn tn nlnntprs. — Stark Rro*R. I oiiisiflflfl. Mfk

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses,
Plants and Bulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to

Surchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees.

to. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plants and Vines. Roses,
Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in
general. Try us. Will give you a square deal and
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
52 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

Box 13, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

Will produce a full crop of berries
next June, if planted this Hummer.

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

offers a choice line of these; also Celery,
Cabbage, Cauliflower aud other season¬
able plants. Write for copy, FREE.
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Ste Phila.,Pa.

Qoof Inunctmont he ever made. One man picked
DBM I II VC o I III C 111 50 qts. Strawberries from 100
potted plants bought of us last year. Send for our list.
Barneb Bros. Nursery, Box R, Y’aiesville, Conn.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS SJSSSJ

plant 1906. 11.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.

Potted plants now ready. Send for circular.
THOMAS R. HUNT, Originator, Lambertville, N.J,

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps#
Spray Mixtures. Booklet free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

Crown STRAWBERRIES

We ahall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August I. Plants set out In August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. 65th Year.

ELLWANCER A BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

HAIRY VETCH

sy t

than Cow Peas or Crimson Clover for the North.
Vetch grows where these and other legumes fail.
A hardy, rapid growing cover crop winch can be
sown any time from early Spring u itil early Fall. Makes the finestHay or early Pasture. Thrives on heavy
brick clay. Valuable for the farmer, fruit grower, poultryman and beekeeper. Clean seed, of our own grow¬
ing, 15 lbs., sufficient to sow one acre for seed, $2; 30 lbs. for $3.50; lbu.,-60 lbs., $«; 2 bu., $10; ti bu.,$25. f.o.b.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL Dansville. N. Y.

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

0f\ Hon Vork Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to
CU UUU bear and yield results; also a full assortment of Peach, Pear, Cherry, Plum and Quince trees.
Grape Vines, Currants, and other small fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
write us before placing your order. Catalogue and price list mailed on request.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn.

■■ P* CR pro |PA FREIGHT PAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina

NL I V® ^ 'A rCIl IV/Uy rnCIUllI rmu Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.

K ^ All kinds of treos and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable

1 1 ^ L, Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.V-

DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
PrnHnrp -a Pull f'rrkti lr» IQOR Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to
• ruulJCC a run \#iup III our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty

for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT AND ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES, PLANTS, VINES, ETC., for Fall planting— all grown on our home grounds and
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ur catalogue mailed free. Write now. T. .1. DWYER & COMPANY, P. O. BOX 1, CORNWALL, N.V

?;

Peach and Apple Carriers

If you have Peaches, Apples, Tomatoes, or

other Truck, send for our Catalogue and Price List.

SOUTH SIDE MFC. CO., Petersburg, V«.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

585

GREENHOUSE WORK IN AUGUST.

Summer Seed-Sowing. — Seeds of vari¬
ous Spring-flowering plants should be
sown during midsummer in order to give
them plenty of time in which to develop
a sturdy growth, among them being pan¬
sies, Cinerarias, Calceolarias, and English
daisies, the pansies and daisies being much
used in early Spring for filling window
boxes and vases, while the Cinerarias and
Calceolarias are very popular as pot plants
of moderate cost. Most of these seeds
may be sown in a well-prepared seed bed
in an outdoor frame, and are more likely
to thrive in such a location than in the
greenhouse, provided the soil is always
kept moist. A lath covering is an ad¬
vantage to have over the seed bed in very
hot and dry weather, but when the weath¬
er is cloudy and damp this shading may
be dispensed with, else the seedlings may
become drawn and weak. The Calceolarias
are perhaps somewhat more troublesome
to the beginner than are some of the other
species mentioned, the seedlings being
rather delicate, and it is a good plan to
sow these seeds on the surface of the
soil in seed pans, and as soon as the
young plants are large enough to be
handled they should be transplanted to
other seed pans or to shallow boxes, in
which they should remain until four or
five leaves have been formed, after which
they are ready for small pots. Both these
and the Cinerarias are rather subject to
attacks of green aphis, and this pest may
be kept down by keeping some tobacco
stems among the plants, or by frequent
light dustings with tobacco dust. Two
of the essentials in growing these plants
successfully are that they should never
be allowed to get very dry, nor should the
young plants get root-bound or starved
before repotting.

Mignonette in pots and also planted
out on a bench in the greenhouse forms
a useful addition to the stock during the
Winter and Spring, and this has the ad¬
vantage of not requiring very much heat,
a night temperature of 48 to 50 degrees
being ample for this sweet-scented old
favorite. For early Winter flowering it
is best that the mignonette should be
sown in July, but with proper attention
that sown in August will also give good
results. A bench containing a depth of
six inches of good soil is required for the
mignonette, the seed being sown either
in rows 10 or 12 inches apart, or in dots
of three or four seeds together, but in
either case the seedlings should be thinned
out liberally in order to give space for a
strong and vigorous growth, and when
extra large spikes of bloom are desired it
becomes necessary to pinch out the side
growths so that the main spike receives
the full strength of that particular growth.
Plenty of ventilation is needed by the
mignonette and the soil should not be per¬
mitted to get very dry at any time. The
common yellow butterfly is one of the
most troublesome pests to the grower of
mignonette, this insect laying its eggs
upon the young plants, and the eggs in
question producing a most voracious
brood of caterpillars within a short pe¬
riod. This butterfly being so plentiful
sometimes makes it necessary to cover the
ventilators of the greenhouse with mos¬
quito netting, but if this be not done a
careful watch should be kept daily for the
caterpillars, the latter being of just about
the same color as the leaves.

Carnations that have been growing in
the field should be lifted and transplanted
into the greenhouse during this month,
and if it is possible to do this work during
a damp and cloudy spell of weather, it will
not only be much more comfortable for
those engaged in the operation, but will
also be less trying to the plants, for it is
not always possible to dig these plants
with a good ball of earth. But if the
weather continues clear at the time the
carnations are replanted it is a good plan
to put a thin shading of mud wash or
slaked lime on the glass, just enough to
protect the plants from the strong rays

of the sun until their roots begin to take
bold of the new soil, after which no shade
will be needed. A light sprinkling of
water over the foliage two or three times
a day for the first week or 10 days after
they are planted will also be beneficial to
the carnations, care being taken that the
soil is not made sodden by too much
water. During a hot Summer, such as we
have experienced in the East this year,
there is frequently trouble caused by red
spiders and thrips on the carnations while
out in the field, the punctures of these in¬
sects causing the tips of the growths to
become yellowish and spotted, and in such
a case it is a good plan to have a tub
of solution of tobacco extract handy for
the planter to give any affected plants a
dipping in the solution before planting
them in the bench. The tobacco extract
in concentrated form costs about $1 per
gallon, and a solution in the proportion of
one part of the extract to 50 of water is
reasonably effective for this purpose.

The Roses that have been planted for
Winter flowering will soon be in need of
staking and tying, the neatest method of
support being found in horizontal wires
that are stretched from end to end of the
bed, the lower wire being placed close to
the surface of the soil, and the upper wire
parallel with, and about three feet above
it, these two wires making a framework
to which the vertical stakes are tied, the
latter being also sections of stout gal¬
vanized wire. The same method of sup¬
port is applied to Chrysanthemum culture,
and with careful tying produces those tall,
straight-stemmed flowers that are so
much admired.

Rubber Plants. — At this season the va¬
rious foliage plants that are in prepara¬
tion for next Winter are making their
most rapid growth and among them are
the younu Ficus or rubber plants. These
are benefited by being plunged in ashes
or other moisture-retaining substance out
of doors, the practice making sturdier
plants than those that are grown under
glass exclusively, but it is well to give
the Ficus the protection of some thin
muslin or a lath framework for a few
days after they are taken out of the
greenhouse, after which the foliage will
become hard enough to bear full expo¬
sure to the sun, and there they may
remain with benefit until the latter part
of September or the beginning of Oc¬
tober, according to the condition of the
weather. w. h. taplin.

Seeding ot Hungarian Grass.

*./. K. (.Vo addreae) . — I think I read some¬
where in Tub It. N.-Y. an account of growing
a second crop of Hungarian millet by seeding
down Just before cutting. Am I right? I
have a good crop of Hungarian, and should
like to get another crop if possible, as I do
not need ground for anything else.

Ans. — Do you mean seeding to Hun¬
garian in the standing crops before cut¬
ting? We have not heard of such a plan,
and submit the question to readers.

Growing a Big Pumpkin.

C. H. It.. Limit Inland. — I have heard that
pumpkins could he fed milk in order to make
them grow large. If you can give me any in¬
formation in regard to this I should be
pleased to receive it. I understand the feed¬
ing of milk to pigs, but do not know how to
start the pumpkin at it.

Ans. — 'Phis story is a hoax. Some
years ago a wag stated that he cut off a
pumpkin vine and put the end in a pan of
milk. According to the story the vine
sucked the milk, made a wonderful
growth and when they cut the pumpkins
they found several pounds of butter in¬
side ! Some people believe this ridiculous
story, and questions about it are con¬
stantly coming. To grow a big pumpkin
you must have a variety noted for size —
like Connecticut Field. Nip it off all but
one bud and prune the vine. Then water
the hill frequently with liquid manure.

SE

A

m

THE FARM POWER PROBLEM

Is completely and permanently solved by the

EVER-READY

STODDARD

GAS AND GASOLENE

ENGINE

It meets all requirements of power on the farm and leaves
nothing more to be desired. It overcomes all difficulties, removes
all perplexities and makes plain and indisputable the fact that
the modern farm power is the Stoddard Engine. Therefore,
there is no longer such a thing as the Farm Power Problem.

The Stoddard Gasolene Engine has solved it for all time.

The Stoddard Engine provides the power of one-and-a
half to forty horses, according to size, ready at an instant’s
VrUlfk notice, under perfect control, absolutely safe, marvellously
convenient, wonderfully cheap and astonishingly eco¬
nomical in the use of fuel. It has the greatest actual
capacity in proportion to size and gives the most power
for the least money.

With the Stoddard Engine you can Saw More Wood, Pump More
Water, Thresh More Grain, get Greater Results from your Washing
Machine and your Com Husker and Shredder ; Cut and Elevate More
Silage, Grind More Feed, Separate More Cream, Churn More Butter,
Shell More Corn, Make More Cider, and Get More Work out of
Farm Machinery generally than by any other means known to science, and
do it easier, quicker, better and at less expense proportionate to results.

Can be transported and hitched in a moment to any machine on the
farm and starts to work without delay. Operates equally well on any kind
of foundation, rough or smooth. Increases the capacity of every machine
and makes it more profitable.

“ Buy the Stoddard and you buy the Best."

STODDARD MFG. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

Our handsome new catalogue EH tells all about It. It is Iree if you mention this paper.

Anchor Coiled Spring Steel Wire Fence

Excel all others Adapt
themselves to hills and
, hollows Now is the op¬
portunity for low pricos
We sell direct at whole¬
sale, Coiled Spring, Soft
Galvanized and Barb Wire, etc.
The Anchor Fence & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0.

ik in W.. No repair*,

I SI 1 6 3fS and still a

W ■***•*«* good fellCe”
is our record, but we are constantly
improving the duality of our wire,
and our processes of galvanizing
and weaving, and are making better
feneesnow than ever before. Write us.
PAGE WOVEN W IKK PENCE CO.,
Hex iGZ, Adrian, Mich.

HUNDREDS OF AGENTS

tne t rost b ence • is increasing every year in their tei
rttory. Why ? Because it speaks for itself. Why nc
hnild a fence that will last a life time I
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland, Ohi<

BORDEAUX MIXTURE

used now will increase your yield of Potatoes 50 p.c.
STEDEM'S CONCENTRATED BORDKAUX
saves you trouble and expense. Add water, and it is
ready for spraying.

1 gallon mixed with 49 gallonsof water, costsonly 75c.
One barret, making 2 500 gallons, costs only $25.00
(See article on use of Bordeaux Mixture in RURAL
New-Yorker, page 470, dune 17 I Order from Seeds¬
men or direct from STEDEM & SONS,

1806 Fail-mount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed l)?

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U S Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. Thtssoaplsa Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 5b-lb. kegs $2.50, 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
270 lb., deeper ib; barrel, 4251b .d!-6C. Send for booklet.

JAMES «OOI>, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Nitro-Culture

AGRICULTURAL LIME.

- T,- , Fresh Burned and Coarsely Ground.

Finely Ground for Bordeaux, White washing, etc.
For particulars, address,

THE SENECA WHITE LINE CO„Fostor!a.O

BACTERIA FOR INOCULATION.

SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET No. 5

National Nitro-Cultura Co., West Chester, Pa.

FERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build all Sizes and Kinds

CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak

CALDWBLL TOWERS don’t fall
down.

Get illustrated catalogue; also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use-

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville. Ky.

and Power Corn Sbellers,

%nd Wood Rollers; Engines, 3 to 25 H. P., mounted or stationary.

THE MES8INGEU MFG. COM Tutuiuy, l»u>

SEPARATORS AND

r I, 2 and 3 horses ; level or even tread.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

ffr— - - . -

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil.* In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson'. Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
I’ipe. Bed and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile.ete. Write
for what you want and prices. jon.X H. JO'KSON, ;a Thirdi.e,, Alb.uy, X.Y.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

4- •

DRAIN TILE

i

The Kind That Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at vour Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

586

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 5,

NOTES FROM THE RURALGROUNDS

The New “Fadeless” Flower. — Some
very sensational statements have been
given out concerning the prospective value
of the new fadeless flower developed by
Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, California.
It is declared the blooms are so attractive
and permanent that they may be expected
largely to displace artificial flowers for
millinery and similar decorative purposes.
Burbank’s variety is not to be given to
the public for a year or two, but seed
of Cephalipterum Drummondi, the species
from which it was selected, is freely of¬
fered this season by leading seedsmen
for 25 cents a packet. This plant, a half-
hardy annual, was discovered in Central
Australia not long ago It is easily grown
from seeds, quickly making good-sized
plants, growing freely in any light garden
soil. The blooms are shown in natural
size in Fig. 246, page 582. The color of
the flowers varies from blush white to a
very pretty rosy crimson, and they are
produced in great profusion in clusters,
at the end of every branch. \ here is
a faint but agreeable fragrance that is
preserved to a slight extent when the
blooms are dried. The color and shape are
preserved in the dried flower, as is the
case with other popular everlastings, im¬
mortelles or eternal flowers, long known
in our gardens, such as Xeranthemum,
Helichrysum, Gomphrena, and the Helip-
terums, formerly catalogued as Acroclin-
ium, and Rhodanthe. This new Austral¬
ian everlasting as now offered, is not
equal in beauty to many of these old
favorites, and it is not easy to under¬
stand why such great value and interest
is assigned to Burbank’s selection, even
though it may produce larger and finer
blooms. Our plants of Cephalipterum
Drummondi are already dead at this writ¬
ing, July 18, having bloomed freely for
about six weeks. The flowers are neat
and th 1 color attractive, but they show
little indication of being more durable than
Other immortelles when dried, as the at¬
tachment to the stalk is of a rather flim¬
sy character. The color though delicate
and agreeable will not suit everyone, and
the idea of artificially colored eternal
flowers for millinery purposes and per¬
sonal decoration is not to be tolerated.
The retained perfume is a pleasing fea¬
ture we have not noticed in other garden
everlastings, though it is common with
many grasses used for drying. Some of
the older everlastings are effective garden
flowers. The Gomphrena or globe ama¬
ranth makes a most compact and effec¬
tive plant, useful for small beds or edge-
ings. The colors of the round clover¬
like flower-heads varies through white to
rose, violet and crimson, and there is
also a fine orange-colored variety. It
makes a superb pot plant when in
bloom if one cares to take the trouble to
grow it in that manner. Of the other
species mentioned Helichrysum is easily
first in desirability as a garden plant. 1 he
blooms are large and striking, with a
good range of color ; most useful for cut¬
ting in the fresh state, as well as dried
for Winter bouquets. Helipterum, or
Aeroclinium roseum is also fine in bloom,
but the plant has something of the weedy
appearance of the Australian Cephalip¬
terum.

Cheap Potatoes. — Potatoes are about
the only local crop that has so far grown
well through this trying season. There
has been a constant deficiency in rain¬
fall since Winter, but the effects of the
prevailing drought have been greatly mod¬
ified by dull cool weather only recently
broken by seasonable heat. Potatoes find
such conditions quite congenial, and have
made a thrifty growth, generally showing
dark and luxuriant foliage, little troubled
with insects and disease. The beetle ap¬
peared late, and was easily controlled by

the usual arsenicals. Cultivation and
weed destruction were made easy by the
limited and infrequent rainfall. I lie dust
mulch on frequently stirred ground has
seemed particularly successful this year
in retaining the moisture left by melting ;
snows, and the difference between most
cultivated crops and grass land is quite
startling. The early potato crop, con¬
sisting almost exclusively of Irish Cob¬
bler and Early Rose, is on the whole,
very good, but the current prices are so
low that few growers care to dig them.
Market quotations run from $1 to $1.35
the barrel. At these figures growers can¬
not count on a much greater return for
the entire labor and expense of production
than 70 cents the barrel — a most inade¬
quate compensation. Our growers have
learned from much uncomfortable experi¬
ence that higher quotations as far as the
producer is concerned are very delusive,
and that the lowest one — minus transpor¬
tation and commission expenses — is all
that can be looked for. Few potatoes
have been dug, most farmers preferring
to keep them in the ground at the un¬
satisfactory prices now quoted. The av¬
erage cost of growing an acre of potatoes
in this vicinity is estimated as quite $50.
Early varieties do not often yield more
than 75 barrels to the acre, though 100
barrels or 300 bushels to the acre are
commonly expected for the more pro¬
ductive late kinds. If the grower can
realize $1 per barrel exclusive of selling
expenses a fair profit is made, but the
crop is considered rather risky of late
years. Local dealers are often willing to
pay as much as potatoes actually bring
in the city markets, but growers for some
reason are not inclined to sell to them.
The result is that while shipments are
made to New York and sold at a practi¬
cal loss, the identical potatoes may
be bought and shipped back at in¬
creased expense to supply consumers
where grown. This does not seem a very
business-like transaction, but many factors
go to make up such a losing system. The
chief reason appears to be the readiness
with which the local markets are over¬
stocked.

A New Scarlet Balsam. — When the
red-flowered Sultan balsam, Impatiens
Sultani, was introduced from Zanzibar,
a very useful window and conservatory
plant was given to cultivation. All are
now familiar with its free growth, trans¬
lucent stems, glossy foliage and abun¬
dant rose-red blooms, varying in the later
varieties from pink to purple and even
blush white. A particularly choice sport
of a pleasing chamois shade is known as
Queen Carola. It comes fairly true from
seeds, and is a really superior variety. A
new but nearly related species from the
mountains of Central Africa, discovered in
1902, was sent out this season under the
name of Impatiens Holstii. Seeds cost
25 cents the packet, the quantity inclosed
is very small, and the average germina¬
tion of those tested on the Rural Grounds
does not exceed four plants to the packet,
but the new kind seems to please all who
are growing it. While the resemblance
to the Sultan balsam in foliage and form
of flower is very close the plants have a
more upright and compact habit, grow
faster and come into bloom at a much
earlier stage of development, showing
buds soon after passing the seed leaf
stage. The flowers are produced well out
of the foliage, and arc larger and far more
brightly colored, the shade being brilliant
vermilion, closely approaching scarlet,
though without any tinge of yellow.
Many of the blooms almost reach two
inches across, and they are produced in
endless profusion, according to the dis¬
seminators, from June to frost outdoors,
and continuously indoors. The plants j
grown outdoors from seed sown inside
in March are said to form by Autumn
very elegant b ..es two feet or more
high. The flowers bleach to some extent
under the fierce July sun, but our plants
are growing very thriftily, both in pots
and in the border, and we can well be¬
lieve we have in this new comer a most
desirable Summer bedding and Winter
window garden plant. There is sufficient
variation in plant and bloom of the seed¬
lings to indicate that considerable im¬
provement from the present quite satis¬
factory type can be made by selection.
Desirable specimens may likely be per¬
petuated by cuttings or layers, though cut
tings from T. Sultani do not quickly make
good plants. Seed propagation of these
fine tropical balsams in very certain, and
sinmle if temperature and moisture can be
controlled during germination. They are
tender plants and should have a rather
warmer place than geraniums, w. v. f.

Detroit TONGUELESS Disc Harrow

Doesn’t Worry the Life Out of the Horses.
Team Does More Work, 25 Per Cent Easier*

No pole to annoy by whipping and pushing the team side¬
ways. No neck-wcight. No side draft. No crowding of
the team in making short turns. Just a steady, even
pull, like plowing. This TONGUELESS Disc Harrow
soon saves its cost in horseflesh.

The Front Truck
>**■ —

The Only
Tongueless
Disc Harrow
on the Market

supports the front end
of the machine and
perfectly balances the
weight of the driver.

Aside from its great
advantage of having
this truck instead of a
pole, the Detroit
TONGUE LESS Disc
Harrow has every de¬
sirable feature of any harrow. It has a
Steel Frame, rigidly braced, amply
strong for heaviest work; Steel Discs on
Hall Hearings; Double Levers, which
hold Steel Scrapers ia any position desired. The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is
made in 12 sizes and guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction or money refunded. Fully

warranted QN TIME OR FOR CASH

Let us put one on your farm. Get the catalogue. It’s interesting. Write for it now.

AMERICAN HARROW CO., 166 Hastings St., DETROIT, MICH.

I

CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS.

Clark's Reversible Itush & Bog l’low, cuts a track 4 ft. wide. 1 ft. deep. Will plow anew
cut forest. His Double-Action Cutaway Harrow keeps the laud
true, moves 18,000 tons of earth, cuts 30 acres per day. His Rev.

Disk P ow cuts a furrows to 10 in. deep.
All these machines will kill witch-
grass, wild mustard, charlock, hard-
hack sunflower, milkweed, thistle
any foul plant. Send fore ir'lars.
CUTAWAY HARROV7 CO.,
Higganum, Conn., D. S. A.

14 in. wide

fLook at
Sprocket
Drive

The Success Manure Spreader

is the one to buy. These are among the reasons why : It is the result of 26 years of continuous Manure
Spreader making. It covers every requirement and every condition for the spreading of all kinds of ma¬
nure, lime, plaster, ashes, salt, fertilizer, etc., broadcast or in drills. Spreads thick or thin as wanted.
Apron returns automatically. Spreads largest load in 3 to 6 minutes. Strongs*!, easiest to load, spreads
most evenly and has lightest draft. Made in 4 sizes to suit requirements of all sections. All about it and
much more of value in our free book, "Farm Fortuity." Write for it.

KEMP A BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 38, SYRACUSE, N. Y.

The new Ready-Roof¬
ing that the people are talk¬
ing about. It’s so good,
buyers are astonished at the
low cost. Once use it and you will buy
no other.

Anyone can put it down. All you need is a
hammer — we supply nails and cement with each

f°^’ Free Sample Sent on Request

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New York
New Orleans

Chicago

Cleveland

Philadelphia
St. Louis

Allegheny

Cincinnati

Kansas City
Minneapolis

ROOFING

Steel Roofing, $1.50 Per lOO $q. Feet

Painted red both side.; most durable and economical covering for roofing, siding or ceiling, for barns,
sheds, houses, stores, churches, cribs, poultry bouses, etc.; easier to lay and cheaper than any other
material; no experience necessary to lay it — a hammer or hatchet the only tools you need. At this price

to all points enst of Colorado, excepting Oklahoma, Texas and Indian
Territory. At this price we furnish our No. 15 semi-hardened flat
steel roofing, sheets 24 inches by 24 inches. At $1.60 this same material currogated as shown in illus¬
tration, or in "V” crimped, or standing seam. At 50 cents per square advance over above prices we will
furnish this material in 6 and 8 feet long; $2.25 for brick siding or beaded ceiling or siding. Send us
your -order for immediate shipment. Time will prove its enduring qualities. It withstands the elements
the best of all coverings. Ask for further particulars. WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE NO. A. M. 67
on building material, wire, pipe, plumbing material, furniture, household goods, clothing, etc.
We buy at 8HEKIFFS’ AND RECEIVERS’ SALES. 100,000,000 feet of lumber from the World’s Fair.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th and Iron St*., CHICAGO, ILL.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

587

Hope Farm Notes

Cnors and Weather.— The drought has
become very serious. We have had show¬
ers, but no really soaking rain for weeks.
Our hills are baked as hard as a brick. The
soil on the lower farm is in better shape,
but even there crops are at a standstill. On
the streaks of sandy soil in the valleys ruin
is in sight. Corn is shriveled up, and pota¬
toes are turning brown. Potatoes that were
hilled or plowed up are worse. No use talk¬
ing, level culture is best in a dry time. Un¬
less we can have a thorough soaking soon
the potato crop through this section will be
cut in half. The hay crop is in the barn. It
was shorter than last year, but as we had
more acreage we have about the same quan¬
tity. It was never housed in better condi¬
tion. In spite of the heat and dust certain
weeds like “pussly” and red-weed grow like
magic. When I was a boy we used to eat
boiled “pussly,” and I have hated it ever
since. While we were haying it crowded
into the onions and strawberries like a thick
carpet, and it must all be pulled by hand. We
have all had blunt fingers for the past two
weeks. The Japanese millet has disappoint¬
ed me, or rather the drought has hurt it. I
expected a crop shoulder high at least, but it
is heading out at two to three feet, and
doesn’t look happy. It needs more water,
and I think I seeded most of it too thickly.
On one spot I got little seed. W hen it first
came up this place looked sick enough ; now
it is the greenest and best spot in the field.

I am sure that fodder corn would have given
me a larger yield of forage. I shall have
this millet cut by August 1, and sow Al¬
falfa. All through this section there is heavy
planting of fodder corn. I never saw so
much growing here before. The dry weather
is pinching some of it. More cows are being
kept, and by feeding the fodder at home
farmers have more hay to sell.

Use for Weeds. — As I came up to the
house the other day Mother stood in the
door.

“What a looking man!”

It is Mother’s privilege to express her
opinion regarding my personal appearance,
and I must admit that I was no candidate
for a beauty show. I had been down on my
knees in the strawberry field, pulling weeds
out of the dust. The three boys had been
working with me, and we were within sight
of the end. I will admit that I was covered
with dust from head to foot, and I rather
gloried in it. No man can weed strawberries
with a 10-foot pole, or do a good job with
gloves on. There is a good dash of the
soil somewhere in my pedigree, and I am
glad of it. Nothing does me more good than
to get right down into the dirt and save a
useful plant.

Our strawberries need saving. They are in
an old chicken yard, set out this Spring. We
cleaned them four times, and then while we
were haying the “pussly” and red-weed
rushed in upon them like the “wolf on the
fold.” We had placed the runner plants
where we wanted them, so there was noth¬
ing to do but pull the weeds by hand. We
take big baskets into the field and throw
the weeds into them. The small wagon with
Bob hitched to it stands nearby, and the bas¬
kets are dumped into it as filled. As soon
as we have a fair-sized load Merrill drives
it to the hillside and piles the weeds around
the young trees. It would be a strong trib¬
ute to my soil and a poor commentary on
our farming if I were to tell how many loads
of weeds we hauled away. The strawberries
are clean, and you. ought to see the young
growth sprouting out of the tops of those
trees. We all understand at Hope Farm the
folly of burning or wasting anything that
can possibly rot around a tree. When the
boys got out of the strawberries and
straightened their backs and rubbed their
fingers into shape, I told them the berries
would go now— for two weeks. Then they
groaned. If 15 could be as patient as 50 in
doing the work that makes scant showing
for to-day, but is needed to-morrow, the
future of this country would be safe enough.

Horse Notes.— Bob turned up the other
night with a great bunch at the top of his
shoulder as large as a child's head. I can¬
not tell what caused it. Bob fought and
kicked when we tried to examine it, but
when he found we wanted to help him he
quieted down and let us rub the place. We
made a “cold pack” by soaking a blanket in
cold water and strapping it over the shoul¬
der. Then Grandma Smith, whose husband
was a veterinarian, made "white liniment”
of camphor, turpentine, vinegar and egg.
This we rubbed on the bunch during the day.
Of course it would not do to put on the
bandage, while the liniment was on. That
would make a blister. Poor Bob suffered,
and it may be necessary to lance the swell¬
ing later. It is bad enough to have him
shouldered out of commission just when he
is needed most. ... I have spoken of
Beauty, our four-year-old filly. She is well
trained ; it would he hard to find a more
beautiful creature. She is small, but of good
color, graceful and full of nerve and ambi¬
tion. Her training was neglected, as there

was no one to drive her as she needed. The
result was she got willful, but without a
mean bone in her body. Mother has always
wanted a good driving horse. I am content
to jog along behind old Major, and think as
I go, but Mother wants to get to the end of
the journey. 1 gave Beauty to Mother with
the understanding that she is to take_ inter¬
est in the filly, stay by her and be mistress
of her. Beauty was pretty gay for our folks
to handle, and so 1 put her in the hands of
a trainer. The result is that Beauty is found
to show great speed and ambition to go.
When asked if she will ever make a safe
woman’s horse the trainer is inclined to
shake his head and say:

“Thei’e is too much horse about her!”

They talk about possibilities of 2.20 in
Beauty, which to my mind is faster than
any Hope Farmer needs to travel, unless It
may be he is after a doctor. It is a problem
to know what to do with this beautiful little
horse. It is the first time I ever felt em¬
barrassed by an excess of speed or riches. I
want Mother to get over the road at a speed
that matches her desire, but I don't want
lier mixed up in any runaways. The younger
colt Brownie is quieter, and I think a better
horse than Beauty. As far as I am con¬
cerned I would rather have a pair of good
mule colts in place of these two nervous trot¬
ters. To my mind there are too many nerves
in the world now. We need more of what
the orators call “the bone and sinew."

Fruit Notes. — With the first ripe apples
comes the full evidence of benefit from
spraying. The Red Astrachans never were
larger and cleaner. They also hang to
the trees better. We never sprayed these
trees thoroughly before, and they have been
small and wormy, quite unfit for sale. This
year the great majority of them are clean
and fair, salable when ripe if there was any
sale for them. Thus far nearly everything
has been low. Somehow we seem to have
struck a season when all farm produce is
slow of sale. I do not quite understand this,
because laboring men in town and city seem
to be well employed. We are figuring on
some changes and additions to the farm¬
house, and we are told that the cost will be
at least 40 per cent more than five years ago,
because the price of labor is higher. If the
working men are getting more money it
would seem as if they ought to buy more
produce. They tell me that the increased
cost of rent, clothing, meat and bread more
than eats up the increase of income, if there
be any. . . . This is the best season I
have yet known for testing the method of
mulching trees. We have never known such
a dry time. In all situations where we have
been able to obtain a fair amount of mulch
material our trees have made a steady
growth. The best of our young apple trees
have grown over two feet. Even now, when
the soil seems baked solid, these mulched
trees are thrifty, and the tops are white with
new growth. Where the mulch has been too
light the trees have suffered. In one peach
orchard the soil is so poor that nothing but
briers and a scattering growth of weeds
can be found. Here the trees stood still
until we cut weeds, brush and all trash we
could find and piled it near the trees. Since
then they have started, and the tops show
the light new wood. If one has such poor
light land he must be prepared to haul in
material for mulching or cultivate and feed
until some mulching crop can be grown. I
have fields where a stranger would say at
once that mulching seems to be a failure.

1 have others where even an advocate of cul¬
tivation would admit that the trees are suc¬
ceeding. I have not been able at fair ex¬
pense to make the poor fields equal the
good ones. What nonsense it would be to
pick out either field as a safe argument for
or against mulching. You might take a man
walking to church in his blacks and proclaim
him an ideal citizen, while others might;
catch him at home up to the most sneaking
tricks of the trade.

Ai.l Sorts. — The following letter is a
sample of many I receive :

“While I am very much interested in Hope
Farm, I do not think I would like such a
hilly place. I do not know where 1 could
find the place I have pictured in my mind’s
eye; it would be beauty though. Nice or¬
chard, nice cool spring, good land, some tim¬
ber, a running stream, not too far from the
railroad or town, with good house and plenty
of stable and shop room. There you have
it.” w. s. K.

There is or ought to be no place like home.
We knew when we bought Hope Farm that
it was not an ideal situation, but it was the
best we could do at that time. I had been
told to wait until we could buy a first-class
farm, but we had to get into the country be¬
fore we could do just as we wanted. It is
good to have an ideal in mind, but some¬
times you feel better over it to take some¬
thing that is below your ideal and raise it
by your own labor and care. Our place is
rough and hilly, but it is our home, and
means as much to us as the smooth, level
farms which are so easy to work. Any man
can learn lessons from the hills. . . .
Two weeks ago we printed a letter from a
farmer who said he wanted to hire a “crack-
erjaek.” A man has come forward claiming
to fill the bill, and I hope he will fill the
crack in that farm. This discussion of farm
help has brought out many questions. One
man wants to know why city men with am¬
ple means and an ambition to make a farm
pay usually fall and have trouble with hired
help. There are several reasons for it. The
man may be a genuine “crackerjack” in his
city business, but he seems to think farming
can be run in much the same way. He suc¬
ceeds in buying and selling dead things, but
fails with live ones. Often the man’s family
upsets his plans. He would like to run the
farm for business, but the wife and children
are there for health and a good time. The
hired man may plan to work the horses in the
hayfield or at hauling manure, and the
women folks want to go driving. The man
may be called from the field or from some
important job to harness a horse or do some
chores. He soon comes to see that two dif¬
ferent forces are pulling, one for business and
the other for fun. If he tries to do every¬
thing he can’t make a paying crop, and if he
refuses to leave his crop he will be blamed
anyway. This divided plan upsets the man
and is the most frequent cause of the city
man’s failure as a farmer. The best thing
for such a man to do is to admit that he can¬

not run two things at once, and make his
farming as simple as possible— grass, grain
or orchard fruits. . . . Sunday, July 23,
tried hard to be a “gray day,” but failed.
There was a sprinkle in the early morning,
not enough to do much good, but just enough
to make the potatoes and the little trees
turn from thoughts of suicide. The clouds
gathered again and again with a bluster that
may have deceived a newcomer in Jersey,
but they blew away in time and let the sun
shine through. The air grew cooler, so much
so that at night we started a fire in the fire¬
place. There is usually something very de¬
pressing about a genuine “gray day;” the
clouds hang thick and damp, and there is a
melancholy feeling in the hills. This day
was much of a fraud, for the sun poked its
face through every cloud. Oh, how we need¬
ed the rain! I told Aunt Jennie as I drove
her to the hill orchards that I hoped she
would be soaked before she got home! We
would all have taken a wetting in order to
have the ground soaked. There was no such
good luck, however, and the day ended dry
and cool. When I went out at nine o’clock
to rub the white liniment on Bob’s shoulder
the clouds were thick, but when I came from
the barn the stars were all out, so rapidly
did the day’s moods change| However, Bob
was better— that's something— and the rain
will come in due time. The maker of it
hasn’t failed us yet. h. w. c.

DOWDEN POTATO

DIGGERS

CsA

The machines that get all the Potatocs in I
any kind of soil, deep or shallow, smooth or I

rough. Delivered to pickers clean and sound. '

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Send for catalogue.

DOWDEN MFC. CQ,, Box 522 Prairie City, I

IMPERIAL WP PULVERIZER, CLOD

CRUSHER <S

ROLLER.

Leads Them
All.

SELEL. The Peterson Mfg. Co,, “St

We also manufacture old reliable

RICE HEATERS.

Power For Fall
Work.

Are you going to do the fall work this
year in the old, slow, tiresome way, or
are you going to have on your farm a
power that is safe, sure and efficient,
that will save you money, and that can
be applied to any machine you own?
The papers are full of advertisements
of farm powers. It’s easy to buy an en¬
gine. But the great point is that you
want to know things; what siz^
power to buy for your work; how to
use that power; how to avoid waste.
That’s the reason why we don t
want to tell you here in this adver¬
tisement what to buy. We
want to talk it over first. We
want one of our experienced
men to analyze your proposi¬
tion. Don’t you think it will
pay you to sit down right now
and write a letter to Fairbanks
Power men? It won’t cost you
anything to find out what they’ve
got to say. It’s a chance to get
a lot of useful, instructive infor¬
mation. Write for free book on
Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE

FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales , trucks , valves and fittings*
gas ami gasoline engines, farm ma¬
chines, machine tools, factory
power transmission , factory
supplies .

Albany,

Boston,

Buffalo,

Syracuse,

Hartford,

New Orleans,
Philadelphia,
Baltimore,
Pittsburg,
Bangor, Me.,
London, England,
Glasgow. Scotland.

EXTENSION MlTTpC Sent on
AXLE I ^ EJ 1 Approval

Cure wabbles and make old buggies run like
new, SAMPLES FREE TO agents. (Profitable)
HARDWARE SPECIALTY CO., Box H -13, Pontiac, Mich

OLDS

ENGINE

Awtzard

ENGINE

WITH

,PUMP

Ljack

ARE USED
BY THE

1. s.

GOVERN¬

MENT

Insending out their last specifications for
gasoline engines for West Point, the U. S.

War Department required them "to be
Olds Engines or equal.” They excel all
others or the U.S. Government would not de¬
mand them.

It requires no experience to run them, and

Repairs Practically Cost Nothing,

Send for catalogue of our Wizard Engine, 2
to 8 H. P. ( jump spark ignition, same as in
the famous Oldsmobile) the most economical
small power engine made; fitted with either
pump-jack or direct-connected pump; suit-
ble for all kinds of work; or our general
catalog showing all sizes.

OLDS

GASOLINE ENGINE
WORKS,

Lansing, Mich-

New York Agents: K. H. Deyo & Co. Binghamton, N.Y

Tlie Latest Product of the 20th Century.
The Air-Cooled Pumping; Gasoline Engine.

Just what
you want
for Sawing
Wood,
Churning,
Running
Cream
Separator.
No Water
to freeze.
Gasoline
in the base.

Made in 1U
and 2Vz H.
P. Either
plain or
with back-
gear.

Write for
price.

R. H. Deyo
& Co.,
Bingham¬
ton, New
York.

To irrigate, water stock or for any pumping, the
best outfit and cheapest to operate is the

FairbanRs-Morse

Gasoline Engine 4 Pumps

Or cut out complete advertisement and send to

FAIRBANKS, M ORSE <5 CO., - CHICAGO. ILL.

Please send me illustrated Catalogue No. X 598Gasoline Engines. I may want . H. P.

Name . . — _ _ Street No -

Town . . - . State —

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
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80 well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York.

40 Dearborn St., Chicago.

40 North 1th St , Philadelphia.

Teniente-Rey 71

239 Franklin St., Bouton
234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P. Q.
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DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

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588

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 5,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUE BUSINESS FARMER'S PARER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

1 1 kkijkut W. Colling wood, Editor.

On. Wai.tkh Van Fleet, I. ,
Mus. K. T. Kovle, f Associates.

John J. Oillox, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in Ihe Universal I’ostal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Ritual New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAI. NEW-YORKER,

409 l'earl Street, New York.

SATURDAY August 5, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

On page 594 Prof. S. M. Babcock makes an excellent
point regarding the use of coloring matter in butter.
Under the present law it gives the most practical test for
pure butter. When oleo cannot be lawfully colored the
yellow color in butter shows that it is pure butter fat.
Coloring is therefore in the interests of consumers.

*

Reports are that the corn crop is gaining every day.
Few things will do more to bring prosperity to all the
people than a "bumper” crop of corn. It will make food
for man and beast cheaper, give the railroads and
handlers work, and bring needed money to the farm.
Corn isn’t king — it <s president, elected by sunshine,
labor and plant food. Hurrah for corn! Keep the
cultivators moving if you can.

*

There has not been anything quite like this year’s
potato market before. At one time it was next to im¬
possible to give potatoes away. Prices were too low
to be ridiculous. The southern crop rushed north to
find the markets full of old potatoes, and the meeting
of the two meant ruin for many growers. All of a
sudden the price jumped. Good potatoes have been
selling at $2, with fair prospects for continued demand ;
as drought in some sections and floods in others have
cut the yield.

*

We hear now and then of the “yellow peril.” This
means the danger that the yellow races, like the Chinese,
will spread through the world, carrying habits and ways
of living that are offensive to Europe and America.
There seems to us greater danger from another form
of "yellow.” The color has come to be accepted as the
badge of cowardice. A man is said to have a “yellow
streak” when he lacks the moral courage to stand up to
the responsibilities which public and private duty impose.
It is this form of “yellow” which menaces the country.
No nation can stand long when dodgers form the foun¬
dation.

*

The rural mail delivery system is still growing. There
are now 32,058 routes — a gain of 7,492 over last year.
Plans are being made to number the boxes on a rural
route somewhat like the mail boxes in a post office.
Free mail delivery has become a settled part of life in
many country neighborhoods. While, as with every
other public convenience, there are some causes for com¬
plaint, the people would never permit the system to be
given up. On the other hand they demand an exten¬
sion of the privilege. The success of free delivery is the
best argument for a parcels post, which we shall surely
have just as soon as 40,000,000 country people realize
that they are more powerful than five express companies.

*

T he discussion of the merits of Sutton Beauty apple
is important to New England growers. Baldwin is the
standard variety east of the Hudson River. Growers
from Virginia or the West often ask why New England
sticks to the Baldwin apple. They cannot grow superior
specimens of it — at least other varieties do better with

them — and so they wonder. Baldwin has merits which
commend it to growers where it thrives. It "stands
New England conditions of culture, is of good color,
keeps well and has a reputation in the market. The
name is familiar to buyers, and the shape and color are
easily recognized. While recognizing its good qualities,
growers understand that Baldwin is not perfect, and
that a better variety is needed. It was hoped that Sutton
Beauty would combine Baldwin’s good qualities with a
few superior ones, but this is not likely from present
appearances. Baldwin growers will stick to the old
stand-by until something very much better appears.
They are wise in doing so.

*

At this season the fly plague is a nuisance in many
farmhouses It is a discomfort to the dwellers therein
as long as daylight lasts; it soils all sorts of domestic
gear abominably, and it is an ever present danger in the
transmission of disease. Yet the trouble is too often
regarded as inevitable, whereas it is merely an indica¬
tion of unsanitary conditions. The common house fly
lays its eggs in the refuse from horse and cow stables;
the bluebottle breeds in decaying animal matter; the
green bottlefly prefers the refuse from a cow stable, and
one small black fly, often very troublesome, breeds in
the dust under carpets. There should be no exposed
decaying animal matter on any farm where sanitary
conditions are observed. Garbage and other wastes
should be treated with chloride of lime, or covered with
dry earth if not burned. The treatment of manure,
where much stock is kept, is a more difficult matter.
Some entomologists say that manure pits should be
screened, which does not sound very practical. There
should be, however, no exposed manure piles; the stock
should be sprayed with fly-killer, and the stables should
be treated with disinfectants. We know that flies carry
hospital gangrene, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and oph¬
thalmia; that they are irritating, dirty and disgusting.
We need to start a campaign against them as well as
against mosquitoes.

*

The greed of the express companies is felt by States
as well as by individuals. In Maine fish hatcheries are
maintained so as to obtain fry for stocking lakes and
streams. The express companies charged the fish com¬
missioners $600 for carrying liver to be fed to these
young fish. The total cost of the meat was $1,375!
Many of the railroads give free transportation to fish
fry and food, but the express companies are not giving
anything awray. They take the pound of flesh when¬
ever they can get it. It is a good thing, because after
awhile they will drain the people to a point where they
will fight for a parcels post. Field and Stream puts
it well :

The five great express corporations have, in the past year,
been the indirect cause of the quite considerable curtailment
of the usefulness of the rural mail carriers of the country,
by the order of July 1, 1904, forbidding it. F. D. carriers to
carry anything that was not strictly mail matter. We should
have had the parcels post long ere this were it not for the
express companies. But if the express companies are strong¬
er than the United States Government, they are not stronger
than the American people. The farmers will have their
parcels post, and that ere very long. Assuredly every sports¬
man will appreciate it ; for who has not been “stung” through
the greed of the express companies?

The “sportsmen” have taken a good deal of game
from farms that by right belonged to farmers. It is
high time they came forward to help. Let them shoot
a few letters at Hon. Thomas C. Platt, and set the dogs

of their influence after him!

*

What has been gained by the talk about poor fence
wire? Several things. The Department of Agriculture
has started an investigation into wire making. The first
report is that modern wire gives out more rapidly than
the old, because in its manufacture the manganese is
not thoroughly distributed. We have called the attention
of wire manufacturers to this report. Some doubt it,
others are inclined to admit it, and others dodge and
decline to answer. To sum it up it looks as though the
Government had located one part of the trouble. The
“galvanizing” is now being investigated, and we shall
before long, know definitely about the use of lead and
pewter in place of zinc. This was the first step to take.
We cannot demand good wire until we know just what
"good” wire is — what the metal of the wire itself should
be, and what ? test of the galvanizing should show.
That must carm first, and after considerable urging it
now looks as if the Government chemists would tell us.
When we know what to demand and how to make sure
we can buy wire to advantage. Since the crusade
began most wire manufacturers have begun to make
two or even three grades of wire. They now offer
a “double galvanized” wire, with which they seem
willing to give a form of guarantee. This shows
what they ca: do, and gives farmers a chance to buy
good wire if they will pay the price. This extra price
is now too much in excess of that charged for ordinary
wire. Farmers who buy wire in large quantities now
offer to buy subject to a chemist’s test — just as they

would buy fertilizers, mixed feed or other materials in
which adulteration is possible. In this way they are
able to obtain good wire and at a fair price. What
these men do at private expense should be done for the
smaller farmer at public expense — just as is now done
in buying other goods. We started out with the prop¬
osition that ordinary modern fence wire is greatly
inferior to the old product. This has been proved and
we now know that the fault has been both in the wire
and in the galvanizing. We also claim that it is the
duty of the experiment stations to find out for us what
standard wire is, and then protect us as they do with
fertilizers and feeds. This proposition is correct, but
it hangs fire a little because farmers do not quite realize
what it means. Some of them believe that the only
way to fight a trust is to go at it with a club. A surer
way is to get the Government chemists to pour their
acids on to it. We '.’.all keep up the fight for better
wire. It will come when farmers realize the necessity
of calling upon the stations for help. Keep at the
manufacturers, and ask them if they will sell on a
chemist’s test !

*

The agricultural press of the country is not gaining
in character and reputation over the siand it is taking
on the scandal in the Agricultural Department. With
a few notable exceptions such papers are simply using
whitewash with so little lime that it is not much better
than whitened water. We submit that this is not the
way to obtain a strong and useful A ricultural Depart¬
ment. Our present Department is fairly open to crit¬
icism. It has grown rapidly — so rapidly that in some
departments its growth may be compared to that of a
mushroom. It seems to us that in several cases scien¬
tific accuracy and conservative statement have been put
to one side in order to secure both popular favor and
political support. It ought to be evident to any thought¬
ful man that a great National Department cannot long
hold the confidence of the people if it is to be operated
more and more in this way. It is time to stop and over¬
haul the Department before it gains the wrong sort of
a reputation. A good proportion of American farmers
have thus far cheerfully agreed to the plan of spending
large sums of money in the name of “scientific agri¬
culture.” Having given the Department and the experi¬
ment stations the fairest kind of a start they now want
to be assured that they receive the value of their money.
The time has come when it is no longer a kindness to
sit still and praise the work of Department and stations
without qualifications. They must give practical value
for a dollar, and useless work and showy officials must
be nipped off just as we pinch off useless buds on a
young tree. Get them off now or farmers will use a
s w later on. Ugly stories are beginning to appear in
the papers about further disclosures of “graft” and cor¬
ruption in the Department. This was to be expected,
but we shall pay no attention to them from hearsay evi¬
dence alone. Our criticism is directed against the work
of the Department in scientific and investigation lines.

BREVITIES .

The hardest “eat eh crop" just now is to catch up with
the weeds.

Will your farm produce more than it would 10 years
ago? If not, why not?

Sunflowers make good silage, according to a correspond¬
ent who is feeding this crop.

It is reported that in Southeast New England farmers
are actually taking “help” away from the cotton mills.

Mu. Cook advises thorough sterilization as a remedy for
stringy milk, page 595. In other words, boil everything hut
the cow and the dairyman.

It would surprise a farmer to see how many New Y'ork
working people eat one or two tomatoes for lunch. In some
places tomatoes are beginning to he sold on the fruit stands.

Ephialtes earbonarius is the name of a parasite brought
from Spain to California to tight the Codling moth. It
really seems to be “making good” in that climate, and has
begun to destroy the moths.

The Italian Ambassador at Washington, has been investi¬
gating labor conditions at the South, with a view to divert¬
ing Italian immigrants from the city slums to southern
plantations. Southern planters are much interested.

Wiiat is “chocolate corn?” A correspondent of the New
Y'ork Sun says : “This corn grows something like broom
corn, with a small cob like popcorn, and the kernel is dark
brown like chocolate. When I was a boy almost every farmer
raised a little of this corn for family use to make drink
out of much like chocolate.”

Actual experience with feeding clover silage to little pigs
is hard to obtain. This is the best thus far, from E. II.
Bancroft, of Delaware: “Ills hogs would certainly eat the
clover silage mixed with middlings, and my experience is
that the pigs are prompt to learn. Though I have not the
exact experience the case calls for. I think the proposition
safe.”

The Sportsmen's Club of Canandaigua Lake is trying to
remove the placid hut unnecessary carp from that lake,
having secured legislative authority to use nets in the work.
They say that the stomach of an eight-pound carp often
contains four pounds of the spawn of other fish, and that it
is useless to stock water with trout and bass where the
carp abounds.

1S05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

589

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.— Sluggers of the “wrecking crew" type in¬
vaded the Chicago Federation of Labor at its semi-annual
election July 16 and after holding tip the judges at the point
of revolvers and tearing up the ballots used brass knuckles
and slungshots on Michael Donnelly, prominent among the
conservative labor leaders, and left him for dead on the
floor of Bricklayers’ Ilall. Three years ago Donnelly was the
victim of a similar assault, when he was beaten severely by
sluggers and had carbolic acid poured into his mouth. John
C. Driscoll confessed recently to the grand jury that he paid
hired thugs $50 each to "put Donnelly away." Donnelly will
recover, but probably will lose the use of his right eye.
After breaking up the election, the sluggers made an attempt
to get at President Dold of the Federation, but were fright¬
ened away by the presence of friends of the labor leader.

After one of the most bitter struggles in the labor
history of Chicago, the teamsters’ strike was officially de¬
clared off at midnight July 20. The strike lasted 15 weeks.
There were 4,250 men thrown out, of whom 2,000 are still
without places, the remainder having secured work in other
lines or with houses that were not affected by strike bound
orders or doing business with strike-bound houses. The
strike was called on April 6. There are 35,000 union team¬
sters in Chicago. The cost of the strike to the unions was
$300,000. The wages lost by the strikers is $750,000. The
cost of the strike to the employers is $2,100,000 in wages,
and the loss of business is estimated at more than $12,000,-
000. The cost of the strike to the city is $175,000, and to
the country $100,000. Persons injured by the strike number
450: deaths 21. To preserve peace there were 2,200 police¬
men, 1,400 specials and 3,400 sheriffs. The strike started
over an attempt to hold 10 little tailors who went out on a
strike. There was at no time any cpiestion of wages or hours
among the teamsters, but they went out on a sympathetic
strike. . . . Amasa A. Marks, the well known manu¬

facturer of artificial limbs, died at Willowmere, his home at
Sound Beach, Conn., July 19, from heart disease. II ,vas
dressing when the fatal attack came, lie had been ill for
some time, but was able to be about. Mr. Marks was one of
the most progressive men of the town, and was especially in¬
terested in having good schools. lie was born in Waterbury
in 1825, and in 1851 established the business in New York,
which he has continued ever since. In 1863 he invented a
rubber foot which gave his business a great impetus. Santa
Ana. the Mexican general, made his first visit to New York
to obtain from Mr. Marks a leg, and other famous soldiers,
including Okuma, a Japanese cotint, have used his produc¬
tions. . . . The grand jury at Kansas City, Mo., re¬

turned indictments July 15 against William A. Towers, a
prominent cattleman, on a charge of fraud, and against Carl
II. Rightmire, Bruce Belchelderfer and Charles Wiggins,
weighmasters at the Kansas City stock yards. Mr. Towers,
it is alleged in the indictment, borrowed $30,000 from a
Kansas City brokerage firm on a herd of cattle in Bent
County, Colorado, which it is charged lie had already mort¬
gaged. It is also charged that the herd did not contain
2,000 cattle, as represented. The weighmasters are charged
with conspiracy with certain traders to defraud cattle dealers
through a system of underweights and overweights by which
considerable money was obtained. . . Five miners were

blown to pieces by the explosion of 25 pounds of dynamite
in a storage powder house at the West Riverside coal mine,
two miles west of Des Moines, Iowa, July 1!). No one knew
of the explosion until the day shift came to work. The men
killed were engaged in sinking a new shaft, and during the
early morning a severe rainstorm came up, which compelled
them to stop work. They sought shelter from the storm in
the powder house. While they were in the house lightning
struck a tree near the building, and glanced off the house
itself, igniting the dynamite as well as two kegs of powder.
Not a piece of wood larger than a foot long remains of the
building. . . . The boilers of the United States gunboat

Bennington blew up while the vessel was at anchor in San
Diego Bay. Cal., July 21. Ensign Newman K. Perry and 56
seamen were killed, 51 men were wounded and 17 are miss¬
ing. Some of the wounded may die. Of the 190 men on the
ship only 30 escaped unhurt. Lieut. Yates, in temporary
command of the gunboat, was badly scalded. Hundreds of
eyes were on the Bennington at the moment of the horror,
for the bay was dotted with pleasure craft and ferry boats
whose passengers watched the trim gunboat with passing in¬
terest. These watchers saw a cloud of steam burst from a
point just forward of the smokestack. Through this steam
came flying the bodies and fragments of bodies of men, to
lie scattered upon the waters. Coincidently a roar like
thunder told the cause of the tragedy. The strong steel
upper deck was ripped away from stem to stern. The force
of the explosion seemed to reach all parts of the ship, as
nearly every man on board had some mark o‘f deadly steam or
bruises caused by shock. Many bodies were so mangled as to
be recognizable ’ only by clothing. Commander Young was
among the first of those who reached the vessel from the
shore. lie said there was no question that a boiler which
had shown signs of weakness recently was the one which
blew up. During the recent trip from Honolulu the steam
pressure was kept reduced in this boiler for fear of disaster.
When the explosion came Engineer Nelson was inspecting the
boilers to see how much pressure they would safely bear.
The vessel was 10 years old. . . . Fire in the Humble,

Texas, oil fields. July 23-24, caused the death of 12 workmen
and property loss of $650,000. . . . Senator John II.

Mitchell, of Oregon, convicted of taking a fee for work be¬
fore a Department of the United States in a case in which
the Government was interested, was sentenced July, 25 by
Judge John .T. Dehaven, of the United States District Court,
to serve six months in the Multnomah County jail and to
pay a fine of $1,000. John Hippie Mitchell is 70 years old.
He' served in the United States Senate from 1873 to 1879.
from 1885 to 1897 and from 1901 to the present. Mitchell
was born in western Pennsylvania. Iiis name when he lived
there was John Hippie. lie moved to the Pacific coast in
1860, leaving a wife and family behind him. and changed
his name to Mitchell. He married again, and one of his
daughters by the second marriage is now the Baroness Roche¬
foucauld. if the judgment of conviction is upheld by the
Supreme Court Mitchell will forfeit his seat in the Senate.

Daniel S. T.ainont. Secretary of War under President
Cleveland, and vice-president of the Northern Pacific Rail¬
road. died at his country home at Mlllbrook. N. Y., July 23.
Mr. Lament was in his fifty-fifth year. lie was born at
Cortlandville. N. Y., the son of John B. and Elizabeth Scott
l.amont and married Juliet Kinney, lie was one of the
most trusted of Mr. Cleveland’s cabinet officers and was on
as intimate terms of personal relationship with him. both
then and since, as any other man in th« United States.

The New Orleans Board of Health made known
July 25 tile status of the yellow fever and the number of
cases and deaths in that city. 'Pile fever was first discov¬
ered July 13, when several suspicious cases were discovered.
It was not actually proved to be fever until July 21. Dur¬
ing the time between July 13 and 21 the Board of Health
made a house to house investigation to find how many cases
of fever and how. many deaths had occurred up to that time.
The conclusion reached was that there had been 190 cases
and 20 deaths up to July 21. Since then the record has
been : July 21. one new case, one death: July 22, 16 new
cases and three deaths: July 23, nine new cases and two
deaths: July 24. nine new cases and one death: July 25,
eight new cases and two deaths. A thorough ward organiza¬
tion was perfected for fighting the fever on the lines that it
is due to infected mosquitoes. The quarantine limits on all
vessels from infected Central American ports were increased
from five to six days. About half the Louisiana towns and
parishes have quarantined against New Orleans, and the
other half has refused to do so. In consequence of this re¬
fusal the State of Mississippi has already quarantined the
entire State of Louisiana, and Texas has given notice that
she will do so. The quarantine, however, is of a much less
violent form than of old. and in no case has It yet been
made applicable to freight. July 26 there were six deaths
and 11 new cases, making 165 cases to date. The death
rate is about 22 per cent.

ADMINISTRATION. — The State Department has been in¬
formed by its consuls that the Chinese boycott against Amer¬
ican goods instituted .Tilly 19 was organized by the trade
guilds in five ports — Shanghai, Canton. Tien-Tsin. Hankow
and New-Cbwang. It is not believed that the boycott will
lie successful or do anv oarticnlar inb'rv to American goods
except in the cities of Canton and Shanghai. There is no

official action which the United States Government can take
so long as it remains a simple boycott, or refusal to pur¬
chase American goods, but it is thought that the boycott will
be discouraged by the Chinese Government as far as possible.

. . Willet M. Hays, the Assistant Secretary of Agricul¬

ture, has taken hold of the affairs of the Bureau of Statistics,
with instructions from Secretary Wilson, approved by Pres¬
ident Roosevelt, to cleanse the bureau of the stigma left by
the cotton leak scandal. It is regarded as extremely likely
that there will be a complete reorganization of the force
employed in the statistical department, as well as a thor¬
ough revision of t lie orders concerning the monthly crop re¬
ports, the latter having already been outlined in a circular
issued by Secretary Wilson. Mr. Hays will probably be in
charge of the bureau until after Congress assembles, as it is
believed that a competent man to take the place of Mr. Hyde,
who resigned as chief statistician, cannot be had for the
$3,500 a year paid by the Government. Congress will be
asked to increase the salary, and it is the intention of Sec-
letary Wilson to place a man in charge of the office whose
ability has been established, but who has had no connection
with statistical bureaus attached to stock brokerage offices.
Whoever is appointed will first be approved by the President.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The biennial meeting of the Amer¬
ican Pomologieal Society is postponed from August 8-10 to
September 19-21. It will occur at the Coates Hotel, Kansas
City, Mo., as first announced.

Wilmont Newell, the Louisiana State entomologist, and a
member of the State crop pest commission, reports that the
condition of the cotton crop as far as the boll weevil is con¬
cerned is excellent. The damage to the crop has been small
and the weevil has not appeared in many sections where it
prevailed last year. Mr. Newell believes that in most of
these cases it has been killed by the extreme cold weather
of last Winter. The farmers who followed the commission's
suggestions and planted an early cotton crop and did not
try to cultivate more land than they could handle will do
practically as well this season as any other. Those farmers
who have not tried the intense cultivation methods and have
not planted their cotton early are suffering from the weevil.

A deal was closed at the Ideal stock farm in East Aurora,
N. Y., whereby the Japanese Government acquired possession
of 34 horses to lie used for breeding purposes in Japan. The
Japanese Government paid $110,000 for the entire lot. which
included four hackney fillies, two hackney stallions. 17 thor¬
oughbred racers, including several stake winners, and 11
trotting bred stallions. The average price per horse at East
Aurora was $3,529, but the cost of the horses when they are
landed in Japan, it is said, will be the highest ever paid for
any collection of horses bought by any Government in the
world for purely breeding purposes. The animals are to be
sent to California by express under the care of special ex¬
pert attendants, and they are to be sent across the Pacific
in a ship especially arranged for their comfort.

Peter Comstock Kellogg, the well-known live stock auction¬
eer, died at his home in Montclair July 24. aged 64 years.
He had been ill two weeks with dysentary and the recent hot
spell left him so weak that his death was expected. He was
born in Troy, this State, and came to this city when a young
man to attend the College of the City of New York. lie was
the first to introduce combination auction sales among breed¬
ers of trotting horses and purebred cattle. His word was
always taken by buyers, for they knew be tried to tell the
truth about the merits of the cattle he sold. He was well
up on agricultural and turf topics and wrote on these sub¬
jects under the name of “Hark Comstock." He married
Julia Snow, of Buffalo, in 1869, and she died in 1892 Two
sons survive him.

CROP PROSPECTS.

Bugs and acreage of potatoes greater in amount than last
year. Early potatoes show signs of rotting. Hay about
three-fourths of a crop. Apples a total failure in most
orchards around Du Bois. Grain looks fair, but frequent
rains of past two weeks have interfered seriously with har¬
vesting. Spraying is in its infancy. f. e h

Du Bois, Pa.

\Ye can only report what we hear, and that is that there
will be a hay crop sufficient for requirements. It is only a
question of quality, and we understand there will be more
clover mixed, and light clover mixed, etc., this crop than
there was last, but that it is exnected there will be ample
No. 1 Timothy and No. 2 Timothy for requirements.

Newark, N. J. j. c. smith & wallack co.

I can only report for my own orchard, which has been
carefully sprayed and fertilized each year, as follows: Bald¬
win, 40 per cent; Spy, 30 per cent: Smokehouse, 80 per
cent; King, 75 per cent ; Summer Rambo, 100 per cent : early
varieties failure; York Imperial, 75 per cent. Neglected or¬
chards in the neighborhood do not show any fruit. Pears
blossomed freely, but have dropped so that not over °5 per
cent of a crop remain.

Harrisburg, Pa. ,

All estimates regarding the size of the apple crop in Or¬
leans and Niagara counties have a tendency to decrease
this year, instead of increasing, as has been the case for
several years past. At present writing I do not think that
there will be 2-> per cent of last year's crop of so-called No.

1 fruit. Wheat, oats and hay are bumper crops, and barn
room is at a premium. Side delivery rakes and bay loaders
are having a good sale, especially the latter, b d v b

Niagara Co., N. Y.

The crop of early apples in Delaware is, in my judgment
larger than ever before. I am not sure about the late ap¬
ples, but it seems to me that there will be a good many
Of course the apple crop of Delaware doesn’t cut much of
a figure. I hardly know what people mean when for ex¬
ample, they say there will lie half a crop. Unsprayed trees
in Delaware do not produce half a crop the best of years
as a rule. I should say that sprayed orchards have a fair
average for sprayed trees, and unspraved orchards more
than a fair average crop for unsprayed trees.

Delaware. wesi.ey whbb.

This year is certainly the record-breaker for wet weather.
Out of 22 past days it has rained more or less 17 Hayin"
impossible: hundreds of tons ruined through inability to
haul in. Crops otherwise doing nicelv ; oats fine, corn grow
ing. but needs sunshine. Wet weather doubtless will blight
potatoes. Fruit prospects nil; No apples, peaches pears
plums: all buds killed by a sleety freeze in middle April’
Small fruits abundant. This section was visited in Spring
by fearful ravages of canker-worm, defoliating entirely miles
of forest trees and stripping orchards of all foliage'

Fayette Co., Pa. D u P

ire have a very good crop of hay in Michigan, both of
Timothy, and clover. As far as we can judge at present
from our own observation, the crop will be a large one
although we have not covered all parts of the State The
weather so far has been very bad for cutting hay, and the
early cutting in many sections has been practicailv a total
loss, but we are informed by our own men and o'ur eorre
spondents that there is so much moisture in the grass that
it has not ripened up as early as usual, and on that ac¬
count the crops that are now standing are In good shape
even if they stand for another week. We have had favor¬
able weather now for three days, and we presume for another
week : we do not see why we should not have a large crop
of hay of good quality. feurin brothers compvxy

Detroit, Mich.

Observation on a trolley trip to Geneva recently through
the garden of central and western New York shows grass
heavy and about two-thirds cut; much of it housed in' bad
shape owing to continued rains. Wheat a big crop one of
the best we ever saw in this section: a few fields cut and
shocked, but many still waiting the harvester. Rye very
little, and mostly dead ripe. Oats turning in a few fields':
rank growth and lodged badly. Corn uneven, verv few fields
that we should call good : many, in fact, most of them, full
of weeds and grass. Barley good crop, but needing to be
cut at once. Potatoes spindling and very full of weeds:
many bugs, no evidence of spraying for blight. Too much
wet weather. A few pieces of cabbage, mostly small and
uneven and full of weeds. An occasional field of sugar
beets. Beans small and uneven, badly washed on rolling
ground and drowned on low lands. c. i.

Rochester, N. Y., July 21.

DROUGHT IN NORTHERN NEW JERSEY .

In some localities an occasional shower has drenched the
earth quite thoroughly, while in others there has not been
rain enough to wet the bottoms of the potato hills in two
months. In consequence the situation which now confronts
us in the midst of Summer heat is a drought which lias al¬
ready damaged the farms very badly, and is still further
piling up a list of losses to crops. Oats are a poor crop —
the straw short, and the kernels light and poorly developed.
Many farmers are mowing fhem for fodder. Corn is too
young yet fairly to estimate the loss, but as the ears are
now setting, it is reasonable to anticipate that the present
heat and dryness will affect the yield. Apples are falling
from the trees in considerable numbers, and peaches, plums
and pears also. Yet plenty of rain, if it falls soon, may
save these crops. Hay is now being rapidly housed, and the
crop is short, very short. This is one of the most impor¬
tant of all crops in its general growth and use. In this
county there are 2,000 farms in round numbers of 180,846
acres, yielding about an average of 325,520 tons of hay.
Many farmers who have gathered their hay, or a majority of
it, have informed us, some that it is one-third short, some
that it is one-half short, while some think their shortage
is small. On the whole we estimate that the general
average is one-third short of last year’s crop. This means
a great deal to every person. It means that some farmers
will keep less cows next Winter: it means that others will
have to buy hay, and it means that there will be an in¬
crease in the price of hay. It may also mean that milk will
lie higher, if a shortened supply has any influence on the
market. Altogether, even with the arrival of timely rains
soon, there will be a firm feeling in the hay and milk mar¬
kets at least, while if the drought assumes a much worse
hofd upon us, there will he a sharp advance in the cost
of living next Winter. — Wantage Reporter, Sussex Countv,
N. J.

BLACK ROT OF GRAPES .

The season of 1905 has been in many respects an ideal one
for the growth of parasitic fungi. Not only are Fear and
Apple blight extremely abundant and very destructive, and
the other enemies of the orchard found very freely, but
the enemies of the grape are also strongly in evidence. The
two principle fungus enemies of the grape are downy mil¬
dew and black rot. Both of these are strongly in evidence
in grape growing sections this season. The former does not
attack Uoncord or Niagara very severely as a rule, but the
latter has been the cause of the complete destruction of the
crop of several vineyards recently visited. The writer has
just returned from an examination of Niagara vineyards in
Seneca County, and finds a very interesting, though in some
instances deplorable, condition of affairs. In many neglected
vineyards black rot. has practically wiped out all hope of a
crop. In vineyards where spraying has been done in a care¬
less, hit-or-miss style, black rot is also prevalent and has
done considerable damage. In some cases the crop is re¬
duced 50, 60 and even 75 per cent. Where spraying was
commenced early, and continued for at least three applica¬
tions, and where the work of application had been thor¬
oughly and conscientiously done, the rot rarely exceeds 10
per cent. Neglect, both as to cultivation and spraying, is
accompanied by abundance of rot. In one 40-acre vineyard
not a single basket of grapes will be harvested this year.
This vineyard not only is a complete loss to the owner, but
it is a menace to the vineyards in the neighborhood, and I
am strongly of the opinion that should owners of neighbor¬
ing vineyards bring action against the owner of this vine¬
yard they would stand a good chance of winning substantial
damages in any court of law. Such vineyards should be
placed under the ban as orchards infested with San .Tost*
scale are condemned.

We have long passed the day when the question is asked,
“Does spraying pay?” Yet hundreds of growers do not real¬
ize that a remedy is within their reach. We suppose the
trouble is, that the remedy must be applied at a time when
the fruit grower is excessively busy. The item of expense
too is worth considering. It costs practically a dollar an
acre to spray grapevines with Bordeaux Mixture. Thev can
be sprinkled or spattered much cheaper than this, but a
good spraying cannot be given for less money. If a man has
a vineyard of 40 or 50 acres he can readily reckon the cost
of each application, and it is a matter of some moment
whether he shall make one. two or three applications. Yet,
this year, the man who. sprayed thoroughly is the man who
will secure a crop and probably make some money.

_ JOHN CRAIG.

MISSOURI APPLE PROSPECTS.— After the unprecedent¬
ed cold the past Winter and the cold east rains of April
15 to 20, we could hardly expect a full crop of apples. While
the orchards were in good condition (and are still in fine
shape), blooming beautifully, yet injured vitality of the
trees by the severe cold, and the failure of the 'bloom to
pollenize well, caused the young apples to drop all through
the months of May and June, until the prospect for a crop
is not good. In some places the fungus damages have been
severe and the insect pests have been abundant. The pros¬
pect, therefore, for a full crop will lie : In the Ozarks 25 to
35 per cent ; in central Missouri 20 to 30 per cent : in north
Missouri 15 to 25 per cent. While this is true we have
special locations where the crop will be 50 to 60 per cent,
and even the small average that the State makes, means, be¬
cause of the large number of orchards, a good many biv—ls
of marketable apples for sale at picking time. The prospect
so far as heard from, shows less than half a crop in New
York, a little more than half a crop in Michigan, but n still
larger percentage in the new western and Pacific States
This justifies us in saying that the prices will be fairly
good and that it will pay to take care of all our apples.
Grapes will be an abundant crop; peaches, of course, are a
failure: pears a very light crop; plums a verv good crop.

Mo. Hort. Societ.w _ l. 'a. Goodman.

BUSINESS BITS.

An opportunity is offered to get an exceptionallv fine
strain of live stock and poultry in the sale advertised by
Rev. W. P. Maekay, of Jamaica. L. I., this week. Mr.
Mackay is obliged to close out his stock because of an en¬
forced change of residence, and his customers will get the
benefit of his careful selection and breeding.

What is one-horse power? How do you determine what
size power you need to run the machines on your farm?
How do you get your water supply, and what kind of nump
is best for your use? A little book on farm powers' will
interest yon. It is got up by an advertiser to tell about an
engine, but the general information is no less valuable on
that account. If you want this little book or other infor¬
mation on the subject drop a line to the Fairbanks Com¬
pany, New York, and It will be sent you.

The Silver Mfg. Co.. Salem. Ohio, have just issued a
new catalogue of their feed and silage cutters. This cata¬
logue Is made unusually attractive by a wealth of descrip¬
tive illustrations. They also publish a little book called
“Modern Silage Methods.” which contains a mine of informa¬
tion on silage, beginning with planting and carrying the
question through its various subjects — cultivating. ' harvest¬
ing. putting into the silo, feeding and results; also illus¬
trations and full information on the building of silos. This
book is sent to any address for the sum of 10 cents, stamps
or coin. But the illustrated catalogue containing much In¬
formation in itself is mailed free on request to above ad¬
dress.

O. L. Chase, 415 Sixth Street, St. Louis, Mo., sends us
a most interesting discussion on paint. Our first inclina¬
tion was to print it in full, but it would take considerable
space, and if you are interested at this time in paints yon
can get it by mail in reply to a postal card. Mr. Ohiase
has evidently made a study of the paint subject, and has
introduced some new features. ne ships the oil and
color pigments in separate cans, to be mixed as used, and
has produced a paint that be guarantees to last for eight
years. He shins it direct, freight prepaid, from his factory
to the consumer, and gives you an opportunity to use two
gallons. If not satisfactory, he allows you to return the
remainder, and makes no charge for the" two gallons used.
Those are terms certainly intended to inspire confidence.
If interested at all in paints, drop him a card as above,
and he will send you the Information.

59o

August 5,

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

WHEN SHALL WE THREE MEET AGAIN?
When shall we three meet again?

When shall we three meet again?

Oft shall glowing hope expire.

Oft shall wearied love retire.

Oft shall death and sorrow reign
Ere we three shall meet again.

Though in distant lands we sigh,

Parched beneath the burning sky ;
Though the deep between us rolls.
Friendship shall unite our souls.

Still in fancy's rich domain
Oft shall we three meet again.

When the dreams of life are fled.

When its wasted lamp is dead ;

When in cold oblivion's shade
Beauty, wealth, and power are laid ;
Where immortal spirits reign,

There we three shall meet again.

— Author Unknown.

*

A warm weather comfort for the
woman who sews is a fan attached to the
upper part of the sewing machine which
is kept in movement by the revolution of
the wheel. It costs 75 cents, and is made
to fit on several of the most popular sew¬
ing machines. *

Hot coffee sauce is often served with
vanilla ice cream. It is made as follows :
Put V/2 cupful of milk in a double boiler;
stir in one-half cupful of ground coffee,
bring to a boil, set back on the stove, and
let it stand 20 minutes. Mix one-third
cupful of sugar, two-thirds of a table-
spoonful of arrowroot, and a few grains
of salt. Strain the hot coffee infusion
gradually on to this, stirring all the while ;
cook five minutes in the double boiler, and
serve hot. Coffee extract may he used, if
desired, instead of the ground coffee.

*

We wonder how many farmers are like
one described by the Atchison Globe. It
says that the wife of Farmer Ponsonby.
near town, wanted a carpet for the parlor.
It had never had one. “We can’t afford
it,” said her husband ; “I want to buy an¬
other piece of land.” When the little
Ponsonbys wanted as good clothes, and
as many comforts as others in their walk
of life enjoyed, they couldn’t get them be¬
cause their father was buying another
piece of land. For 40 years he kept his
family pinched because he was buying
more land, and the first time his wife
ever had the spending of any money, she
also bought a piece of land ; a piece to
bury him in. It is said he wasn’t the
only farmer in the county who is land
crazy.

*

SEMI-fitting long coats of linen are very
fashionable this Summer, either with a
skirt of the same material, or to wear
over thin wash dresses. Apart from those
embroidered or lace-trimmed, which are
often very elaborate, some of the hand¬
somest are of white linen with strapped
seams, and collar and cuffs of black vel¬
vet. Such a coat, worn with a pleated
skirt of walking length and a shirt waist
to match, or of thinner material, as com¬
fort demands, makes a Summer suit that
is handsome enough for almost any occa¬
sion, stylish, becoming, and not expensive.
Ready-made, such a suit will cost from
$7.50 to $25 ; the coat alone, with velvet
collar and cuffs, will cost about $9.50. but
any handy woman can make it for far less.
Every woman who does much country
driving needs a dust coat, either natural
linen color, or any other tint she prefers,
made after the ample style of the automo¬
bile coat. Linen is eminently suitable for
this; brilliantine, gloria and pongee may
be selected if preference and pocketbook
suggest it. A dusty road is ruinous to
one’s best gowns, and the automobile has
done 11s all a good turn in bringing back
to favor 0 fashionable modification of the
old-time linen duster.

Vegetable cream soups are well suit¬
ed to warm weather, and often form
a medium for using a small portion of
cooked vegetable. The base is made as
follows: Scald three cupfuls of milk.
Rub together one tablespoonful of but¬
ter and two tablespoonfuls of flour, cook
until it bubbles ; add the hot milk grad¬
ually to this, and cook for five minutes,
stirring until thick and smooth. Rlend
some of this cream with a cupful of
cooked vegetable, mashed to a smooth
pulp, mix all together, and simmer for five
minutes, seasoning appropriately. Potato
soup should have a little celery and onion
cooked in the milk, and when ready to
serve some finely-chopped parsley should
be scattered on top. Celery, asparagus,
green peas or beans, carrots, spinach, cu¬
cumbers and lettuce are all good in such
soup; all must first be cooked and reduced
to a smooth pulp. Bread cut into dice
and browned in butter is often added
when the soup is ready to serve.

*

A good many old-fashioned persons will
sympathize with Mr. Sprawle’s view of
modern hygienic precautions, as thus re¬
lated by the Youth’s Companion:

“I thought your grandson was looking
pretty peart again after his illness,” said
one of the residents of Canby to Mr.
Zenas Sprawle, “but it struck me the rest
of you looked kind o’ wore out. I s’pose
he was pretty sick for one spell there.”

“No, he wa’n’t,” said Mr. Sprawle,
stoutly. “There never was a thing the
matter of him excepting a sore throat,
’bout same as I’ve had dozens o’ times,
toweled my neck up for a night or two
and come out all right. But my son’s wife
she had that city doctor to him, and he
made out ’twas one o’ them itises, an’
had him an’ his ma quarantined off from
the rest of 11s.

“lie had the full use of his legs, an’ the
way he run over that floor above our
heads was enough to wear out a hen.
An’ when he was able to be moved, they
had that part o’ the house fumigated. It
laid the foundations for a stomach trouble
with both Marthy an’ me, that fumigation
did, an' I don’t know as the smell will get
out o’ my clothes enough for me to go to
church this whole Winter. Get me in a
middlin’ warm place and that fumigatin’
essence begins to try out o’ my overcoat
same as if ’twas karosene. I guess there’s
reason enough for Marthy and me to look
wore out.”

Marmalades.

The practice of serving fresh fruit for
breakfast is a pleasant and healthful one
which deserves to be widely extended. By
skillful management, the country house¬
keeper may supply her table from June,
when the early berries appear, to Decem¬
ber, which sees the passing of the late
grapes. After that, one must depend
upon the apples or some kind of stewed
or preserved fruit. We bridge over this
gap with various sorts of marmalade or
“spreads” as they are designated by the
good Pennsylvania Dutch housewives, and
their preparation forms no small part of
the Summer preserving. To make either
marmalade or jam, the fruit should boil
slowly only just long enough to render
it sufficiently thick. Too long boiling
makes it hard and flavorless. It is not
necessary to exercise the same care in seal¬
ing the jars as in canning. Be sure that
they are properly cleaned and sterilized,
put in the fruit hot, and store in a cool,
dry place. A little melted* paraffin wax
poured over the fruit, or a piece of cot¬
ton batting tied over the cover of the jar
will be found efficacious in keeping out
the mold germs. Even if a soft mold ap¬
pears on the top, no alarm need be felt
for the safety of the fruit.

Pineapple marmalade is usually first on

the. list. Use thoroughly ripe pineapples,
peel them, and after removing the hard
core, chop them. To each pound of fruit
and juice, add a pound of sugar, and
simmer one hour. Frequent skimming
and stirring will be necessary. Cool some
of it, and if not thick enough, continue
the boiling half an hour longer. An as¬
bestos cover slipped under the kettle is a
safeguard against scorching. Crab-apple
and plum marmalade is excellent. Use
the Siberian crab-apples and Bradshaw or
other violet red plums. Allow two parts
apples to one part plums. Wash the fruit
and cut out the imperfections. Simmer
both kinds until soft, then rub through a
sieve. Allow a pound of sugar to each
pint of fruit pulp. Put the sugar in the
oven to heat, and cook the fruit 20 min¬
utes in a porcelain-lined or agate kettle.
Add the hot sugar, skim, and cook 90
minutes longer. Stir very often.

'l'he making of peach marmalade should
be deferred until the firm, late peaches
come on. I shall not soon forget my first
experience with this preserve, which I es¬
sayed to make of early, juicy peaches.
The result was several pints of syrup
with what resembled shriveled bits of
brownish leather floating in it. Peel the
peaches and cut them in halves. Crack
two-thirds of the kernels, blanch them,
and cut into lengthwise strips. Put the
peaches over the fire with three-fourths
of a pound of sugar to each pound of
fruit. Stir frequently and cook from 20
minutes lo half an hour. Five minutes
before removing from the fire add the
blanched kernels.

Quince marmalade may be made in the
following manner: Rub the fruit with a
cloth, cut out the flower end, and chop
without removing the skins and cores.
Cook until soft enough to rub through
a sieve. Strain the fruit and add three-
quarters pound of sugar to a pound of
fruit. Cook slowly until done, which
should be in 15 or 20 minutes. Apple
marmalade affords a change from cider
apple sauce and stewed apples. Take
seven pounds of apples (Fall Pippins are
nice) and stew them with a pint of water.
Put them through a sieve, add three-
quarters pound of sugar to a pound of
pulp, also the juice and grated yellow rind
of three lemons. Boil half hour, then add
a little ginger root. This may be made
of one-third quince and two-thirds apples,
leaving out the ginger and lemons. We
like an orange marmalade of half Winter
apples and half oranges much better than
the imported article made of bitter
oranges. Cut the apples in small pieces
without peeling them and add a pint of
water for every quart of apples. Boil
them down for half an hour and strain
through a sieve. Add the juice and pulp
of three oranges and a little of the yellow
peel cut fine to every pint of apple pulp.
To each pint of the mixture, add three-
fourths of a pound of sugar. Boil the
marmalade until it curls before the finger
when it is cooled for trial.

M. E. COLEGROVE.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

has been used by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays (
all pain, cures wind colic, and is the best 1
remedy for diarrhoea. *

'TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

Gleanings in Bee Culture

teaches you about bees, how to handle
them for honey &nd profit. Send for free
copy. Head it. Then you'll want to subscribe.
G month’s trial25c. Don’t delay but doit today.

A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO.

3

^ /

Monarch

PRESS

— FOR—

CIDER, WINE,

etc. Greatest ca-
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Great strength ana durability. Safety
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Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co’s. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Go.,

^ Room 101. 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.

IDER MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
right kind of machinery is used.

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND,

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,

118 West Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

The WAGON to BUY.

labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS WAGONS!

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Genova, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wo
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere^ Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

Wt’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Muggy Wheels, Steal Tire on, .

With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels to 4 in.
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75; Harness, $3.60. Write for
catalog. Learn how to buv 'Ur- ~t. Repair W heels &3.50.
W.gon Umbrella Fit Hi. W. II. BOOB. llucinnatl. 0.

EDdystonE

PRINTS

Dress children well at moderate cost in

Simpson-Eddystone
Prints

They give excellent service. They are
well-made, and do not fade. The many
bright and attractive patterns make
the best children’s dresses; the more
quiet designs for women’s gowns. The
standard for more than half a century.

Ask your dealer /or Simpson-Eddy¬
stone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light
Indigo Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd
Plaid Effects and a large variety of new
and beautiful designs. Thousands of
first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

Philadelphia

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11=16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features o'
the Fair. Entries close in this Department
August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS ANI) PET STOCK .

The best birds in the country on exhibition.
All the latest improvements used in the handling
and care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to he greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

FARM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
1 ost features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will he tip to the usual High standard and prom¬
ises to be larger than ever. Entries close Sept. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit and Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit ever given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies.
Entries close September 4.

SEND FOR PRIZE LIST.

S. C SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

1905.

59i

Notes from My Kitchen.

1 have canned rhubarb in cold water
for the last 10 or 12 years, nearly always
with good success. 1 f the stalks are large
cut the lengths not so long — one inch is
the usual length — fill jar closely with the
pieces, shaking down occasionally, partic¬
ularly if a two-quart can. I pour in water
as I fill the jar with the rhubarb. Be sure
there are no air hubbies, and the can is
running over full of water. Screw on
tight, turn upside down ; and if no
water escapes, set away in a cool dark
place, although 1 have often kept it where
it was not dark. In a few cases the top
pieces would turn brown — do not use this
when opening the can. 1 cannot account
for its turning brown, unless it was in the
stage of growth of rhubarb. The last
years 1 canned it never turned brown
at all, but kept fresh and green. I prefer
it this way for pies, but for sauce it
seems to have a better flavor cooked with
sugar and canned as other fruit. I have
had good success in canning gooseberries
in water; never heard of tomatoes being
canned in that way. however. One year
in New York a cousin of mine put up
several quarts of Golden Drop plums in
water — the same way as the rhubarb, and
they were fine. The Golden Drop as it
grew with us was the size of sugar green
gage; with a very small pit, flesh firm
and delicious. I should think the small
blue plums could be put up that way
also.

1 find black rubbers for cans are not
nearly as durable as the light. Some of
the new things are not nearly as good as
the old. One has to look carefully over
all new cans to see if there are not pieces
of glass left in. It is only of late years
that this has been found ; also inspect
cans before buying if possible, as some
are very thin glass, and crack more easily.
Test sugar before canning if you do not
know if cane or beet, cane being sweeter
and always preferable.

A few days ago I was making cottage
cheese. Being in a hurry I took the bag
in which it was dripping and gently
squeezed the whey from it, then turned
out. salted and mixed with thick sweet
cream. I could not tell it was any worse
for the squeeze, not being allowed to
drain the slow way.

MRS. FREDERICK C. JOHNSON.

Cucumber Pickles.

Please give me a recipe through The R.
N.-Y. for making cucumber pickles. I wish
to put up in barrels for market. L. c. o.

Choose small cucumbers free from
spots. Put a layer of cucumbers in the
bottom of a cask, then a layer of coarse
salt, about one- fourth inch thick, then
another layer of cucumbers, more salt,
and so on until all are used. Place
a board on top of the pickles, with a
heavy stone to keep them down. Then
pour in about a quart of water to moisten
the salt, which, with the juice exuding
from the cucumbers should make suffi¬
cient brine to cover. Continue to add
cucumbers as they are gathered, in lay¬
ers as before; a few cabbage or horse¬
radish leaves on top, under the board, will
prevent molding. When the cask is full,
tuck a cloth closely around the edges, put
hoard and weight on top, and cover close¬
ly, and the cucumbers will keep for a
year or two. When cucumbers are wanted
for pickling, remove cloth, hoard and
stone, and wash them well in warm
water; wipe all scum from sides of cask
with a clean cloth, take out cucumbers,
and then cover any remaining as before.
Soak cucumbers for three days in cold
water, changing water each day ; drain
and wipe carefully. Half fill a large
porcelain-lined preserving kettle with
good cider vinegar, put in as many cu¬
cumbers as the vinegar will cover, with a
piece of alum the size of a hazelnut ; heat
to boiling point, stirring with a wooden
spoon so that they do not soften at bot¬
tom of kettle, and then drain, throwing
away the vinegar. Cover with fresh cold

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

vinegar, spice if desired. A little chopped
horseradish at top will prevent molding.
They will be ready for use in about a
week. A great many cucumber pickles
are sold direct from the brine.

Small cucumber pickles are prepared as
follows: Wash and wipe; place in jars,
and cover with boiling brine strong
enough to hear an egg. Let stand 24
hours ; pour off the brine, wipe, and place
in clean jars. Cover with hot vinegar,
spiced in the proportion of one onion, 12
whole cloves, one ounce of mustard seed
and three blades of mace to 100 cucum¬
bers. They will be ready to use in two
weeks. _ _

Favorite Pickles.

Mustard Pickles. — This differs from
most recipes for this pickle in being made
without green tomato. Put one-half peck
small cucumbers, two quarts silver skin¬
ned onions, and two heads of picked caul¬
iflower to soak in water to cover and a
cupful of salt over night. In the morn¬
ing drain; mix one dessertspoonful of
turmeric powder with three-quarters of a
pound of best mustard ; wet with suffi¬
cient vinegar to mix without lumps. Put
three quarts of vinegar over the fire, add
five cents’ worth of mixed pickling spices,
one-half ounce celery seed, one half ounce
white mustard seed, one teaspoonful each
of cinnamon and cloves, one pound of
brown sugar, carefully stir in the mustard
and turmeric paste and let boil up well ;
then add the mixed pickles, two red pep¬
pers chopped with the seeds of same, and
stir all together. After it begins to bub¬
ble let boil well for five minutes.

Sweet Cucumber Pickle. — Cut large yel¬
low cucumbers in two lengthwise and
cover with alum water, allowing a tea¬
spoonful of powdered alum to each pint
of water. Bring the alum water qnd
fruit very slowly to a boil, and ftien
draw the kettle containing them to the
back of the range and leave it there for
two hours. At the end of that time tafke
out the cucumbers and rinse thoroughly
in cold water and chill in ice water. Boil
together two cupfuls of vinegar, two
pounds of sugar and two tablespoonfuls
each of stick cinnamon and whole cloves
tied up in a bag. Put in the cucumbers
and cook 10 minutes. Then turn into a
stone jar. Drain off the syrup and scald
it for three successive mornings, pouring
it hot over the cucumbers each time.

English Chow-Chow. — This calls for
two medium-sized heads of firm white
cabbage, half a peck of green tomatoes,
two quarts of firm ripe tomatoes, half a
dozen green peppers and two red peppers.
Chop all together as fine as you can, and
pack the mixture in layers of salt. Put
it in a coarse bag of burlap or some rough
material. Lay it over a rack placed upon
a deep keg or jar and put a heavy press
upon it. Let it drain in this way over
night, or for 24 hours. A pint and a half
of sugar, half a cup of grated horseradish,
half a teaspoonful of ground black pepper,
half an even teaspoonful of ground mus¬
tard, an ounce of white mustard seed, an
ounce of celery seed, a tablespoonful of
ground mace and, finally, a gill of Dutch
mustard compose the seasonings and must
be added to the mixture. After it has
drained sufficiently moisten the whole
with enough good cider vinegar scantily
to cover it. This chow-chow requires no
cooking and does not have to be put up in
sealed jars. A stone crock is all sufficient,
if kept in a cold, dry place.

The Rural Patterns.

A simple blouse frock, like No. 5055,
is very stylish, and convenient for little
girls’ wash frocks. The blouse is laid in
plaits at the shoulders, gathered at the
belt, the sleeves being in bishop style, and
becomes adaptable not alone to the entire

6 to 12 years.

costume but for the separate waists,
which are so well liked with plaited
skirts and with the suspender dresses.
The skirt is straight and is laid in flat
plaits. The quantity of material required
for the medium size (10 years) is 5%
yards 32 or 3% yards 44 inches wide with
1 yard of embroidered insertion for collar
and cuffs. The pattern 5055 is cut in
sizes for girls of 0, 8, 10 and 12 years of
age, price 10 cents.

For a little child, nothing is prettier
than such a yoke dress as No. 5032. The
dress is made with the yoke and the skirt
portions only and is closed invisibly at the
hack. The skirt portion or dress proper,
is gathered at the upper edge and joined

5032 Child’s Dress,

6 months, 1, 2 and 4 years.

to the yoke and the sleeves are in bishop
style, gathered into cuffs. The quantity
of material required for the medium size
(2 years) is 2% yards 27, or 1% yard
36 inches wide with Y: yard of all-over
embroidery and 2 yards of banding to
trim as illustrated. The pattern 5032 is
cut in sizes for children of 6 months, 1,
2 and 4 years of age; price 10 cents.

PISO S CURE FOR

l/>

U

in

CM

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N

01

o

H

C/>

Insure Your Face

against irritation. Keep
it smooth and healthy by
always using

WILLIAMS’ !Wf

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly."

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

Wage Earners fLOfo
P a\ You* •

QUR LOANS are secured
by mortgages on suburban
homes owned by ambitions
wage-earners, paying all Inter¬
est and part principle monthly
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY We put
them within your reach, paying
r> p. c. per annum on sums large
or small FROM DAY OF RE¬
CEIPT TO DATE OF WITH¬
DRAWAL. Conservative in¬

vestors will appreciate a plan
stT rding all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

5 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

*25 upward, with¬
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days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
lngs from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

A Little Gold Mine for Women

Tlie U.S. Cook-Stove Fruit-Drier

Dries all kinds of Fruits, Bernes, Cher¬
ries, Corn, Vegetables, etc. It takes no
extra fire. Always ready for use, and
will last a lifetime. It works while you
cook. Write for circulars and special
terms to agents. PRICE, $5.

E. B. FAHRNEY, box 120, Waynesboro, Pa.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

The Niagara
Fruit Ladder •

A ladder made from the best
selected white basswood with
a tie rod at every other step,
making a strong, light, durable
ladder that always stands and
never rocks on uneven ground.
Write for prices and descriptive
matter on our full line of bass¬
wood ladders, boxes, crates,
baskets, etc.

Bacon & Co.9

Appleton , New York •

New York State Veterinary College

of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Free tuition to New York State Students. Extended
announcement. Address

Prof. JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — TO icarn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey , Prin.

LOWEST ROUND TRIP RATES TO PACIFIC
COAST POINTS VIA THE NICKEL
PLATE ROAD.

$69.50 Buffalo to Portland, Seattle or Taco¬
ma and return. Daily until September 29th.
Tickets may be routed through California at
slightly higher rate.

$75.50 Buffalo to San Francisco or Los
Angeles aud return. Daily August 6th to 14th
inclusive.

For particulars write A. W. Ecclestone, D.
1’. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

RTTTI H I ID y°ur Health and

DUlIvU Ur Strength with

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
~T for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

592

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 5,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, August 5, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

July on the Truck Farm . 581

An Air Pressure Water System . 581, 582

Plain Talk About Silos . 588

Ilay-Making in Florida . 583

Alfalfa for Inoculating . 584

Seeding of Hungarian Grass . 585

Growing a Big Pumpkin . 585

Hope Farm Notes . 586

Crop Prospects . 589

Drought in Northern New Jersey . 589

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Income from a lien . 593

Summer Food for Poultry . 593

Feeding Grain on Pasture . 594

Medicine for Live Stock . 594

Texas Stock . 594

Feeding Calves . 594

Butter Color from the Cow . 595

Sheep in an Apple Orchard . 595

Stringy Milk; Boil the Vessels . 595

HORTICULTURE.

Some Assertions About Butted Glass.... 582
Sutton Beauty Apple for New England. . 584
Girdled Grapes in the Hudson Valley. . . . 584

Burbank’s riums . 584

Greenhouse Work In August . 585

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 586

Black Rot of Grapes . 589

Missouri Apple Prospects . 589

Birds and Cherries . 593

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 590

Marmalades . 590

Notes from My Kitchen . 591

Cucumber Pickles . 591

Favorite Pickles . 591

The Rural Patterns . 591

MISCELLANEOUS.

More About Cement Building Blocks. . . . 582

Whitewash or Cheap Paint . 582

A Texan Talks . 582

A Rural Mail Carrier’s Side . 583

Do Lightning Rods Protect Buildings?... 583

Publisher’s Desk . 598

• Products, Prices and Trade . 593

Business Bits . 589

Humorous . 596

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending July 29, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth —

No. 2, red . —

Corn, mixed . —

Oats . —

Rye . —

FEED.

Wholesale New York.

Bran . 17.00

Middlings . 18.00

I.iuseed meal . —

Cotton seed meal . —

Retail Western New York.

Bran . 20.00

Middlings . 23.00

Corn and oats . 26.00

Oil meal . —

HAY AND STRAW.

(5)1.16%
@ 94 %
@ 62%
@ 38
@ 75

@18.00
(5)22.50
@30.00
@ 26.50

@23.00

@26.00

@27.00

@35.00

Hay, No. 1

No. 2 .

No. 3 .

Clover mixed

Clover .

Straw’, long rye
Short and oat

15.00 @15.50

13.00 @14.00

— @11.00
10.00 @13.00

9.00 (5) 10.00

12.00 @14.00

9.00 @10.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price 81.31 per 40-
quart can. netting 2% cents per quart in 26-
con t freight zone where there are no station
charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 20 %@

Firsts . 20 @

Seconds . 18% @

Thirds . 17 @

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.. — @

Tubs, seconds . 17 %@

Lower grades . 16 @

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 19 @

Firsts . 17 @

Western factory, firsts . — @

Seconds . 16 @

Lower grades . 15 @

Renovated, extras . 18 %@

Firsts . 17 % @

Seconds . 16 @

Lower grades . . . 14%@

Packing stock. No. 1 . — @

No. 2 . 15% @

No. 3 . 14% @

21

20%

19%

18

20

19%

18

17

19%

18

17
16%
15%
19

18
17
15%
16%
16
15

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

Small, fair to choice .

Large, fancy .

Light skims, choice .

Part skims, good .

Full skims .

10%@
9%@
10% @
8%@

6 (5)

1%@

10%

8%

6%

2%

HOPS.

Choice, 1904 .

.... 25

@

26

Medium to prime .

99

@

24

Ordinary .

.... 20

@

21

Olds .

.... 10

@

12

German, 1904 .

@

60

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white. .

Selected, white, choice .

Fresh gathered, extra mixed
Fresh gathered, extra firsts.

Fresh gathered, firsts .

Fresh gathered, seconds....

Fresh gathered, thirds .

Kentucky, fresh gathered, 8ds

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy....
Evaporated, choice ..... ...

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to good...
Sun dried, Can., quarters. . .

Uaspberries, evaporated .

Huckleberries .

Blackberries .

Cherries .

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, new, bbl . 1

Half-bbl. baskets .

Bushel crates .

Small peach baskets .

Pears. Southern Le Conte, bbl. 2

Bell . 2.

Plums, Md. and Del., carrier. .

North Carolina .

Georgia .

Grapes, N. C., Del., carrier... 1,

Cherries, sour, black, 8-pk. bkt.

Sour, red, 8-lb. bkt .

Blackberries, Del. and Md., qt.

Jersey, quart .

Up-river, quart .

Raspberries, red, pint .

Huckleberries, quart .

Gooseberries, quart .

Currants, Cherry, quart .

Suiail, quart .

Muskinelons, Georgia, crate...

South Carolina, crate .

N. C. and Va., crate .

Md. and Del., crate .

Baltimore, crate .

Baltimore, basket .

Texas, crate . 2

Arizona, crate . 6.

Watermelons, Southern, 100.. 12.00 @25.00

Southern, carload . 125.00 @225.00

24

@ 25

22

@ 23

21

@ 22

19

@ 20

1 7 % @ 18 %

15

%@ 16%

13

@ 15

12

@ 15%

7% @ —

7

6

@ 6%

4 % @ 5%

4 % @ 4 %

2 % @ 3

.10

@1.20

—

@ 21

10

@ 11

7

@ 7 %

12

@ —

.00

@2.50

50

@1.25

25

@ 75

20

@ 40

.00

@4.00

@3.00

75

@1.00

75

@1.00

50

@2.25

.25

@1.75

60

@ 75

40

@ 60

7

@ 9

7

@ 11

10

@ 12

5

@ 9

7

@ 10

5

@ 12

5

@ 7

4

@ 5

1 .)

@1.00

50

@1.25

75

@2.00

< 5

@2.00

75

@1.50

50

@ 1 .00

.00

<0 3.00

00

@8.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes 50 cents to 81
Potatoes, Long Island, bbl

Jersey, Del. and Md. _

Southern .

Sweet potatoes, Southern,

loiv, bbl .

Southern, red, bbl .

per barrel higher.
...2.00 @2.25

yel-

.1.75

.1.75

3.50

•> or.

Yarns, N. C\, Golden yellow, bbl. 2. 25
Beets, Long Island, 100 bnlis. .150

Carrots, new', bbl . 2.50

Long Island, 100 bunches. .. 1.50
Cabbage, Long Island, 100.... 4. 00

I.. 1. and Jersey, bbl . 1.25

Cauliflowers, barrel . 2.00

Celery, State, dozen stalks.... 15

Jersey, dozen stalks . 20

Cucumbers, upper Jersey, box. 75

South Jersey, box . 75

Cucumber pickles, Jer y, 1,000.2.00

Corn, Hackensack, 100 . 75

Other Jersey, 100 . 50

Egg plants, Fla., %-bbl. pkge.1.00

Norfolk, half-bbl . 1.00

Jersey, box . 75

Lettuce, nearby, bbl . 50

Western N. Y., dozen . 30

Boston, dozen . . . 25

Onions, Southern, white, bushel

crate . 50

1.25
1 .50
1.50
1 .50
6(1
1.50
1.25
15
40

bkt .

Southern, Potato, bbl.

Southern, yellow, bbl.

Southern, red. bbl...

Kentucky, bbl. .....

Jersey, white, half-bbl.

Long Island, bbl .

Orange Co., N Y., red, bag. .

Okra. Jersey, 100 .

Peppers. Jersey box .

Radishes, nearby, 100 bunches. 1.00

String beans, bu . 75

Spinach, nearby, bbl . 50

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 75

Marrow . 50

White . 50

Yellow crook-neck . 50

Turnips, ruta baga, bbl . 75

White . 50

Tomatoes, upper Jersey, Acme,

box . 1.25

Up. Jersey, other kinds, box 60

So. Jersey, Acme, box . 1.00

So. Jersey, other kinds, box. 50

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bushel . —

Common to good . 2.75

Pea, choice . —

Common to good . 1.60

Red kidney, choice .

Common to good . 2.75 @3.05

White kidney, choice . 3.65 @3.75

Yellow eye, choice . — @2.00

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, lb . 14 @ 15

Fowls . 14% @ — >

Roosters . 9 % @ —

Turkeys . 14% @ —

Ducks, pair . 50 @ 80

Geese, pair . 1.00 @1.25

Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

@2.25

@2.00

@4.50
@3.00
(a 3.00
@ 2.00
@3.00

(<l 2. mi
@6.00
@ 1 .50
(a 4. on
@ 60
(a 60

(a 1 .25
(<r 90
(<i 4.00
(</ 1 .25
@1.00
@1.50
@ 1 .50
@1.25
@1.00
@ 50
@ 50

@ 75
@1.50
@1.75
@1.75
@1.75
@ 75

@1.75
@1.50
@ 25
@ 60
(a 1.50
@1.25
(a 75
@ 1 .00
@1.00
@1.00
@ 1 .00
@1.00
@ 75

@1.75
@1.00
@1.25
@ 85

@3.45

@3.40

@1.90

@1.85

@3.10

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring chickens, choice .

. 20

@ 22

Fair to good .

13

@ 18

Fowls .

, 1.3 %@ 14%

Ducks .

16

@ 17

Squabs, white, doz...
Mixed .

@2.75

@2.25

Dark .

. 1 .50

@1.62

LIVE

STOCK.

Steers .

@5.30

Bulls .

@3.70

Stags and oxen .

@3.90

Cows .

.1.60

@3.85

Calves, veal .

@7.50

Culls .

. 3 00

@4.50

@4.50

Sheep .

Lambs .

@7.50

Hogs .

@6.60

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for car lots.

Single bag

lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda .

—

@52.00

Muriate of potash...

Acid phosphate .

Kainlt .

—

@42.00

@13.00

@12.50

@48.00

Dried blood .

—

Copper sulphate, bbl.

lots, lb.

—

@ 6

Sulphur flour in bbl.

lots, lb.

—

@ 2%

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SILOS

Fine, Hemlock and Cypress In 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free,

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblesklll, N. Y.

|AI Jk |k| Practical farmer and wife

ff Im I EL U the wife first-class butter-
maker. Must understand care and building up of
dairy herd ; know modern methods; understand
hogs and poultry. None but experienced, intelligent
and energetic men need apply. Farm has over 300
acres. Address, giving full particulars of experience,
age. and terms .expected, ‘‘FARMER,” care Rural
New-Yorker, P. O. Box 739, New York City, N. Y.

ADA DR A I M— P°r Sale, a 450 acre farm in Virginia.
M DAnUHIIl Price, $12 per acre. Particulars.
Address, E. T. MERCHANT, I.anesville, Va.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODW’IN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter. Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little 1 2th St., New York.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N. Y.

WANTED.

Peaches. Plums, Berries. Apples, Potatoes and all
vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc. We can secure highest
market prices for choice products. Write us what
you have to offer Market information and packing
instructions on request.

ARCHDEACON & CO.. 100 Murray St., New York.

USEFUL^BOOKS

Sent postpaid by Rural New-Yorker at

prices named :

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Fertilizers, Voorliees . 1.00

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

ABC of Bee Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey.. . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book. Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, Lodeman . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Barn Plans and Outbuildhngs . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00
A Woman's Hardy Garden. Mrs. Ely... 1.75
Dwyer's Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

Campbell’s Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.00

Farmer's Veterinary Adviser, Law . 3.00

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing, Waugh 1.00

Feeding of Animals, Jordan . 1.25

Feeds and Feeding, Henry . 2.00

Everybody’s Paint Book, Gardner . 1.00

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Asparagus Culture, Hexamer . 50

Animal Breeding, Shaw . 1.50

Business Hen, Collingwood . 75

Cauliflower, Crozier . 50

Corn Judging, Shainel . 50

Celery for Profit, Greiner . 50

Domestic Sheep, Stewart . 1.50

Evolution of Our Native Fruits, Bailey. 2.00

Errors About Plants, Crozier . 25

Farm Poultry, Watson . 1.25

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

Fumigation Methods, Johnson . 1.00

Garden Making, Hunn and Bailey . 1.00

Greenhouse Construction, Taft . 1.50

The Rural New-Yorker, New York.

Jingle Lever 1 1
Controls fvery Operation J

ieI.H.G. manure spreader^®

lays claim to superiority of design, construction and actual spreading ability. Item-
ploys the well known and reliable chain drive, applies power from both rear
wheels, thus avoiding all side draft and uneven strain on machine and mechanism.

Can be thrown in or out of gear while in motion with absolute safety, as there are no
gears to break by sudden meshing. Steel tracks for apron and the tnree sets of apron
rollers insure free, easy motion and freedom from buckling Apron speed regulated
to ten different feeds — Three to thirty loads per acre. Changes in feed made in¬
stantly while spreader is in motion. The I. H.C. Spreader Is the only one with a
single lever controlling perfectly every operation ot the machine. It Is the only
spreader with a vibrating rake which serves to level the most uneven load and re¬
sults in pertectly even distribution. Solid steel axles. Front wheels cut under— can
be turned in its own length. Steel wheels, broad faced tires, with traction lugs on
rear wheels. Unusually strong all over, and ot exceeding light draft.

The I. H. C. Spreader spreads an kinds of manure rapidly, evenly and perfectly It matters
little if manure be strawy chatty, packed, caked, wet. dry or Irozeu.this machine will tear
itapart and dlstrlbuteit upon the land evenly. It will handle tine, composted manure for
top dressing in the most perrect manner, and even the presence of corn stalks in the ma¬
nure does not prevent the excellent quality or its work. It Is the greatest moor saver of the
age. Made in tnree suses. St>, hi) and lb Dushela. Our nearest agent win supply you with
printed matter, prices, etc. See him netore buying, or write

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA (Incorp.)

7 Monroe Street, Chicago, III.

eight-year paint.

I legally bind myself
by a straightforward, pen-
and-ink guarantee to re¬
turn your money if my
paint doesn’t last a full
EIGHT years

The very best that any
other paint maker can give
youls a live year guarantee.
Simply because that is as
long asanyother paint will
wear. The O. L. Ohuse
method is the only possible
way of making and selling an

Of course, I must use the best and purest
Ingredients— lead, zinc, color, drier and lin¬
seed oil. But to protect myself in giving an
eight year guarantee. I personally see to the
freshness of every ingredient, that each is
pure and of the highest quality. .Because one
stale ingredient cuts down the life of the
painting job by just the time it has stood
growing old before it went into the paint.
And paint must not stand in a sealed can
“ready mixed” because the pigment (ground
minerals) eats out the life of the vegetable
oils and, of course that cuts down the wear¬
ing quality of the paint.

So I work just like this— When your paint
order comes in I grind the pigment for your
paiut and send it to you the same day.all Irslgh!
prepaid on six gallons or over. In separate
cans I send you an equal quantity of my Olio.
Now Olio is just old-fashioned pure linseed
oil. I call it Olio because I can’t ufford to
huve it confused with the poor stuff now sold
as pure linseed oil. When you are ready to
paint you stir the pigment and the Olio to¬
gether and there you are. All the life and
goodness of thb paint goes on your job— and
it looks good and protects your buildings for
eight years.

After yon have used my paint, pay me
in six months.

©aasff

I let yon put two full gallons of my paint
on your buildings— 600 square feet, two
ooats— absolutely free of charge, before
you even decide to buy It. When you buy
paint ready-mixed in a sealed can you take
big chances. You don’t know how stale
and lifeless it may be or how much it may
be adulterated. But when you accept my
offer, you try before you buy. You know
my paint is right and you know it’s fresh
beoanse every can is dated the day the
paint in it is made. You don’t have to pay
a penny when you get the paint. It won’t
cost you a cent if my paint doesn't prove
itself the best you ever saw. Write me
now. A pencil and u postal will do well
enough,— to O. L. Chase, St. Louis, Mo.

Write to me now and tell me how much
paint you need or give me the length, width
and height of your buildings and I will tell
you what your pulnting will ooBt. Bend copy
of my guarantee, full assortment of sample
colors, my book on painting and my instruc¬
tions “This Little Book Tells How to Paint."
ALL FREE. Write now before you forget it.

The Paint* Man,

415 Sixth St., St. Louis, Mo.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

593

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

A New York State farmer who sent
$100 to the defunct People’s U. S. Bank
of St. Louis, Mo., writes as follows :

I never thought to look at Publisher’s Desk
until lately, or I no doubt would have been
$100 richer to-day than I am.

We think there are others who are
richer by $100 for doing so. They cer¬
tainly are if they have taken our advice.

When we referred to the Jackson nur¬
series at Bosky Dell, Ill., we had no no¬
tion that their dealings with farmers were
so unsatisfactory generally as they have
proved to be. It seems the proprietors
are Bradleys, and they give the postmas¬
ter as reference, but that official’s name is
Bradley, too, and farmers who have writ¬
ten him in regard to complaints got
scant courtesy. Judging from the cor¬
respondence coming to us, the customers
of this concern have fared badly indeed.
The complaint is that they get the order
and the money, then ignore letters en¬
tirely. and sometimes neglect to fill the
order at all. Sometimes they send part
of the goods ordered, but they are usu¬
ally inferior and so dried up and withered
as to be entirely worthless when received.
There seems further to be no attempt
to send the varieties as ordered. It has
been suggested that the Post-master Gen¬
eral should issue orders against them to
deny them the use of the mails, and com¬
plaint will probably be entered. In the
meantime it will be well to keep their
methods in mind and place orders with
responsible nurserymen, who feel some
obligation to a grower even after they
have his money secure in their pockets.
Messrs. Bradley Bros, seems to have no
such tender sentiments.

We have had occasion to refer to the
business of S. J. Smith, of Shortsville,
N. Y., on a former occasion, but it seems
that he catches an occasional victim yet.
We let one of our subscribers tell his
own experience in the following note;

I sent a money order for $15.00 to S. J.
Smith. Shortsville, N. Y„ March 10. 1004,
for live barrels of seed potatoes, to be shipped
the latter part of April. May first they had
not come. I wrote him and asked why po¬
tatoes had not come as agreed. No answer.
After a while, I wrote again : no answer.
Then I sent him a registered letter, and in
a few days got a reply but no potatoes. Fi¬
nally in June, when I was hoeing, word
came to me that two or three sacks of pota¬
toes had reached the depot for me. t refused
to accept them, as I had secured other seed,
and it was entirely too late for planting.
I demanded a return of my money, but
Smith lias refused to return it in full. He
did send me $9 during the next Winter, which
I returned on advice of counsel.

Vermont. p. j. Griffith.

Mr. Smi’h has now had Mr. Griffith's
money for nearly a year and a half, and
refuses to return it. He makes no ex¬
planation of his methods of taking mat¬
ters in his own hands, and only returns
impudence when courteously requested to
do so. We don’t know whether Smith is
a common rogue or not, but the effect of
his transactions with many customers is
just the same as if he be an ordinary
swindler. About two years ago his ad¬
vertisement appeared in The R. N.-Y.,
and we insisted on his returning the
money to several customers, some of
whom claimed the seed sent them was
not of the same grade as the samples fur¬
nished by Smith before the order was
placed. But even after returning the
money we refused to carry any more of
his advertising, and he claims he can get
advertising enough in other farm papers,
and returns impudence when we call his
attention to complaints. A lawsuit over
$15.90 by parties in different States is not
an encouraging prospect for the injured
party, but we feel this kind of business
ought to be discouraged, and we have
decided to place the mafter in the hands
of an attorney for legal action. An injury
of this kind to one farmer is the concern
of every farmer, and the sooner such
methods are discouraged and frowned
upon the better it will be not only for
producers and hpnest seedsmen, but also
for the delinquents themselves.

Here is a pertinent inquiry:

Do you know anything about the American
Ginseng Farm, Rose Hill, N. Y., and would
you buy any stock in the company?

Yen, we know something about ginseng,

and its culture, and we would not invest
30 cents in the stock of any company
organized to grow it. What good to be
guaranteed a big dividend on the stock
and big price for the roots, if the man or
concern making the guarantee is neither
good nor responsible?

PRODUCTS PRICES, AND TRADE .

Linseed Products have been advancing for
several weeks, and further increase is looked
for in the near future. Some are prophesy¬
ing an advance of 25 cents a gallon on oil
within four months. It is said that the Stan¬
dard Oil interests are now in absolute con¬
trol of this business, the independent Buffalo
concerns, which have hitherto been important
factors, having sold out or got out. The
wholesale price of flaxseed in leading mar¬
kets where it is made a specialty averages
about $1.40 per bushel, and nearly $1.50 for
December delivery. Oil ranges from 55 to
60 cents, according to quality and amount
bought. For five-barrel lots of boiled oil job¬
bers are charging 56 cents. The retail price
of linseed oil is now so high that painting is a
poeketbook -smashing job, particularly for
buildings that have been neglected, so that
the boards are hungry for oil, and, if it goes
much higher, people of moderate means will
have to fall back on cold water and skini-
milk paints. It is probable, however, that
a decided shortage in demand will result from
this price advance, and check it. That is
the way It usually works, except with actual
necessities of life, and linseed oil is not
such.

Fruits. — Peaches are making a more cred¬
itable showing, a good many very fair lots
being seen. A few have sold at $2 per
crate, but more from $1.50 down. The cool
week has been unfavorable for watermelons,
and they are the lowest; for the season.
Muskmelons have brought all sorts of prices,
from 50 cents to $8 per bushel crate, the
latter for some from Arizona, which are
considered the choicest that reach this mar¬
ket, being sweet and uniform. A considerable
quantity of poor apples arrived the early part
of the week, but the demand for cooking ap¬
ples is very good, and most of them worked
out at from 25 to 50 cents per bushel. Bet¬
ter stock went as high as $2.50 per barrel.
Results of early apple shipments are often
disappointing, and the quotations for a day
or two before shipping are no sure indica¬
tion of what will be received. A local wind¬
storm may thrash t lie trees and send a flood
of windfalls to market, and if one man finds
that his early apples are ready to ship, the
chances are that his neighbors will make the
same discovery about that time. The mar¬
ket outlook for early and Fall apples is quite
favorable.

Chickens, both live and dressed, are get¬
ting much more plentiful, and prices are cor¬
respondingly low. The top wholesale price
for choice Spring chickens is now 22 cents
a pound. This is for those that will weigh
about four pounds per pair. Earlier in the
season chickens of the same quality sold for
40 cents. Of course the cost of producing
them was much greater, but for those who
have the facilities for handling very early
chickens the market offers strong induce¬
ments. As with many other products which
may be extra choice, good or bad, the very
highest grade of chickens often sell above
any quoted price. The chickens seen in the
live poultry markets at this season are usu¬
ally more comfortably crated than the larger
poultry. They have some room to move
about, and their heads are not crowded out
between ttie slats. They are worth more
per pound, and hence the handlers take bet¬
ter care of them.

How Are Crop Reports Made? — “I find
in a newspaper the following: ‘The report
indicates crop yield as follows’ : Then is
given a list of the principal crops and esti¬
mated yields based on the Government crop
report for July. Tell the method used in
making such calculations.” t. b.

Maine.

The exact source of the information on
which these reports are based is more or
less a mystery. The Government is sup¬
posed to have a large number of correspond¬
ents throughout the country who by observa¬
tion and inquiry learn the condition of the
crops. These reports are assembled in the
office of the Agricultural Department Statis¬
tician, at Washington, boiled down, and the
tin^l percentages, based on a normal crop,
figured. This work is supposed to be kept
secret until a certain day and hour, when it
is given out in all directions at once. Just
how much ground is actually covered by these
reports is not explained to the public. Some
have been unkind enough to say that there
is more or less “bluff” about it ; that in some
sections the ground is not thoroughly looked
over, and not enough facts are gathered to
warrant a comprehensive estimate; that it
is a case of the Government making a state¬
ment that no one can deny on account of the
hazy origin of the alleged facts. But there
certainly can be no truth in this accusation.
No sane man can believe the Department
guilty of such foolish trickery for the sake

of getting glory. As has been said here be¬
fore ail of this secrecy seems unnecessary. It
is claimed that if the report were given out
In sections instead of being held until the
entire country is rounded up farmers “would
not understand it.” A great many people do
not understand it now, and depend upon the
exchange speculators' interpretations of it.
But why not make public the items as re¬
ceived and exact localities covered, that is,
in such-and-such county the indications are
so-and-so? The public would know just what
was meant by that, could figure their
own totals, and the items would be looked
on as matters of news of real value. If such
an itemized statement showed important pro¬
ducing sections not well covered, people
would emphatically urge Congress to appro¬
priate enough for such work. This plan
would be considered nonsense by boomers
who glory in a grand flourish of final per¬
centages, but it would be popular in the best
sense and give the public confidence in the
Department’s work that would ensure for It
a broad field and generous appropriations.

H.

INCOME FROM R HEN.

According to my experience, the average
hen here yields $1.25 to $1.50 gross annually.

Battle Creek, Mich. w. r. w.

The average hen in this locality will lay
about 150 eggs per year. We received an
average of 15 cents per dozen for eggs last
year; that would make a gross income of
$1.90; less 40 cents, the average cost to keep,
would make a net income of $1.50. Pure
Leghorns do 30 per cent better than that.

l’ea vine, Tenn. c. e. b.

I can hardly give a fair estimate from my
own tlock, as I sell so many eggs for hatch¬
ing and so much stock of good quality. But
I am familiar enough with what my neigh¬
bors get. out of their flocks to give a fair esti-
mnt of what the income from an average
hen is when eggs and stock are sold at reg¬
ular market prices, and I think $1.75 is about
a fair estimate. Judging from what it costs
me to feed my hens, $1 of that is clear
profit. E. T. E.

Reading, Mich.

SUMMER FOOD FOR POULTRY.

My experience In feedin~ rye to poul¬
try has proven unsatisfactory every time
I attempted it. In my case it turned the
droppings black, and was followed by a
looseness of the bowels. I should advise
everyone who raises it to sell it and buy
wheat. I have obtained highly satisfac¬
tory results by feeding my laying hens
during the Summer months only morning
and evening, on a ration of equal parts
by measure, oats and wheat, but always
supply them with plenty of green food if
not on free range. My young stock I
feed three times daily ; in the morning and
at noon equal parts by measure, wheat,
cracked corn and oats; at night, a mash
of equal parts by weight of the following:
Corn chop, oat chop, wheat bran and
wheat middlings. This ration I also use
for my laying hens during the Winter, but
add about 10 per cent beef scraps to the
mash to supply the animal food they pick
up on the range. Cockerels that T desire
to market I usually separate from the
pullets when they are eight to 10 weeks
old, and feed them on a ration composed
of about 50 to 75 per cent corn, all they
will eat. and by this treatment usually
have them ready for market in about
from four to five weeks, depending upon
the size and weight I want. The pullets
I continue to feed on the ration described
before. harry a. aulenbach.

Pennsylvania.

Birds and Cherries. — Cherries both sweet
and sour, succeed here, but the robins are get¬
ting the fruit. This morning we saw some
trees that presented a serio-comic aspect,
being completely covered with black mosquito
netting. If the birds would only be satisfied
with huckleberries they might eat their till,
for here blueberries abound, but the feathered
darlings. Heaven bless ’em. are determined
to have all the cherries and they keep up a
continual “ holler” for more. j. y. p.

Old Orchard. Maine.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE

IMPORTED ARABIAN STALLION

Six years, 15k: hands, sound, kind, has good action,
prompt driver and fearless of all sights. Exhibited
at St, Louis during Fair. Will exchange for two good
driving horses. Only reason for selling have sold farm.

A low wagon
at a low price.
Handy tor
■the farmer.
Will carry a
load any-
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
Width of tire. Hubs to lit any axle.
For catalogue and prices, Write to

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

THE “NEW WAY” PRESS

is a horizontal press. It bales IK to 2K tons per
hour. Size of bale is 46x23x19 inches. Feed hole
46x50 inches— easy to feed, no tramping fork only
used, Revolutionizes the loose baling system.
Makes the very desirable eastern market bale. Beats mil
Box and Upright Presses by doing 100 percent more work.
Stands at work iust as you see It in the cut. Very portable.
Adapted to bank barn work. Write for Illustrated Catalog.

SANDWICH MFG. CO., 157 MAIN ST., SANDWICH, ILL.

Hay Presses,

at

Splices '
. so low that it will
not pay you to patch your
o 1 «l lireux or borrow
your neighbors. T H E
HENDRICK S Ik the
strongest and easier to
operate than any other
press on the market.

“ They are easy to pay for. |
| Free catalog. B. D. Hendricks & Co. , Cornell St., Kingston, N.Y.

K

POULTRY.

^POULTRY LINE— I i'encin

bators. Live Stock. Broodei

OQOOOOOOQ

We

rything
ig, Feed,

keep ev-i
in the I
Incu-

_ _ _ fencing

| bators, Live Stock, Brooders— anything —
Jit’s our business. Call or let us send you
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the
j asking— it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire At Poultry Supply Co.,

( Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City.

qqqqqqqqqoqqoqoqqqqqqqq6q{

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and pmillrymen’s guide, 218
pages (8 x It inches) 600 illustrations. Describes

th0d*rd Cyphers Incubators

price f 6. 60 and up, and 40 PoultrVmen’s necessities. Free
if yotl sand addresses of two neighbors interested in good
poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Cd-
BuffuaO, Boston, (ihtcago, No w York, Kansda
City ok* Ban Francisco*

WOMAN WANTS

The butter and egg money |W0RE

A is a big Item totbelarmer’s

wife. She can increase her prsfaQ
egg production by feeding

■Harvey’s Mixed Grains bwh

—» combination of cereals specially suited I
to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it. I
A Monev-Saving Catalogue Fret.

HARYEY SEED CO., 83 ELLICOTT ST„ BUFFALO, N. Y. I

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1 ,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware. Ohio.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Yearlings 75 cents.

HILANDALE FARM, Brooklyn, Ohio, R. F. D. 2.

Choice Stock for Sa le.— Hocks. Wy andottes, Leghorn s
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

Var’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

CHOICE Homer Pigeons for squab breeding and
flying. JOHN M. HATHAWAY, Acushnet, Mass.

©

SQUABS

are raised in one month ; f
bring big prices. Money:
makers tor poultrymen.r
farmers, women. \

©Send for our Frke Book and learn this/
rich industry. Correspondence invited/

iPlymouth Rock Squab Co., •**■> .** >

Howard St., Melrose, Mass. U-?

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

J. F. PEARSON,

63 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.

. Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

If you are going
to buy a

send full pedigrees and description*, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The JStevens Brothers- Hastings Company,

BRQOXMO* HK*». Laoona, Oswego Co,. If

594

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 5,

Live Stock and Dairy

FEEDING GRAIN ON PASTURE.

It is our practice to feed grain the year
around, although during, part of May,
June and July we feed a lesser amount.
We think it pays, otherwise we should
stop it, as grain costs money, and the
cows have to earn that money. Many
dairymen for convenience’s sake keep
their cows in the barn nights, or in a
small nearby pasture where feed is scant,
and to make up for what the cows might
eat early in the morning or late at night
they feed grain, and I think they are
wise. It is a good deal to ask of a heavy
milking cow to pick up enough feed in
the “ordinary” pasture through the hot
hours of a Summer day to take care of
herself and fill the pail. There are many
cows that on good pasture give a large
flow of milk, but grow very thin in flesh,
and such cows need grain to keep up
their condition. Some try to make up
for this by feeding some kind of a
soiling crop, but stop some time and
figure out how much of some of these
crops a cow would have to eat to get
sufficient feed. Pastures that will supply
plenty of good feed more than two
months are scarce, and if one doesn’t feed
some grain the cows run down, and even
after grain is fed again they do not seem
to feel its effects, as they are so low phy¬
sically that this extra feed they use for
some time to take care of their own body.
Every year late in Fall and early Winter
we hear men say their cows are not doing
well, and upon inquiry we have found
every time that they put off feeding grain
too long, and now they are paying for
what they thought they were saving early
in the season. We think less and less of
pasture, as we find it hard work to keep
up an even flow of milk on it. We
constantly have to change from one to an¬
other, and it is a job to find pasture feed
in our rough, brushy fields for 00 hungry
COWS. H. G. MANCHESTER.

MEDICINE FOR LIVE STOCK.
What Stock Breeders Keep.

We do not keep an}' amount of medi¬
cines on hand, as we have a competent
veterinarian close. As a tonic for swine
I use one part blood-root, three parts sas-
afras, three parts licorice root, one part
gentian, two parts ginger, four parts fenu¬
greek seed, two parts senna; a teaspoon¬
ful at a dose twice a day for a grown
hog, only to be given when necessary.
When feeding oil meal with good whole¬
some grain, a dry and warm sleeping
placo with plenty of exercise when
weather is not too rough, very little pow¬
der will be needed. s. M. voder.

Maryland.

My remedies are few and simple, with
possibly the exception of one, the Schmidt
treatment for milk fever, so-called. First
of all, and the one most frequently used,
is Epsom salts, which I purchase in 25
pound lots. With it go a couple of gal¬
lons of molasses and a pound of ginger.
A drench of a pound of salts with a pint of
molasses and two ounces ginger, if given
in time, will ward off most troubles in a
herd of cows that the average layman is
competent to treat. I also keep mix vom¬
ica and carbonate of ammonia, but these
are drugs that the average dairyman can¬
not use. Every dairyman should have
the Schmidt treatment and know how to
use it (which I find many veterinarians
do not know). Tonics T have very little
use for, in the sense the term is used,
meaning condition powders, as they are
generally used where a dose of salts and
a light diet for a few days would do the
work better, and as it should be done. For
cracked teats and all open sores. T use
an ointment composed of five pounds
vaseline, one pint oil of tar, one ounce

carbolic crystals, and there is nothing bet¬
ter. For calves, about all that is needed
is a pint of castor oil and a bottle of lauda¬
num. About the only troubles a dairy¬
man has to contend with are impaction,
milk fever, abortion and scours, quite
enough you will say, and I agree with
you, for I have had them all to deal with.
The great trouble with farmers is that
they are not observing enough and do not
begin to doctor or send for a veterinarian
until the animal is about dead. One rem¬
edy I have had occasion to use in case of
impaction in the manifolds is lard; one
quart of lard and two ounces salt is worth
more than five pounds of salts, for the
salts will never touch it. With the aver¬
age dairyman the difficulty lies in making
a correct diagnosis of the trouble.

New York. evans w. mosher.

I have faith in the homeopathic reme¬
dies. Many people have not, but such
people are always the impatient ones, who
cannot wait to let any remedy have a
chance to operate, and would doctor an
animal to death. Unless a man is able to
make a correct diagnosis of a case of in¬
disposition of an animal, he would better
call a veterinary surgeon ; or some one
wbo has had experience enough to locate
the trouble. No horse properly fed and
cared for ever ought to die from colic,
although more horses die from colic than
all other causes combined. There is a
proprietory remedy called Tuttle’s Elixir
that for an all-’round internal and exter¬
nal remedy I regard very highly ; it is as
good a remedy for colic as I have ever
seen used, at the proper time. It will
blister where there is local inflammation,
and where there is none, it will not do so.
I think it a valuable thing to help to lo¬
cate lameness in horses that is so obscure
that the best judges will err. I always
keep it on hand; it will stop a horse from
rubbing his tail, but will not blister it. For
chronic troubles in horses homeopathic
specifics should be used, and I know some
of the best horsemen in the country who
rely upon them for all cases except very
complicated and desperate ones in very
valuable animals. On a bog ranch should
always be kept turpentine, Epsom salts,
crude petroleum, charcoal, sulphate of
iron (powdered), common salt, and
wood ashes. The great majority of
stock owners are not close observers of
the condition of their stock, and others
who would and do know when anything
is wrong with any member of their herds
or flocks, do not regard a slight indispo-
stition of an animal as of much importance
or they are too busy to attend to it when
first noticed. Many n»en would about as
soon have any ordinary animal die as to
attempt to doctor it. Many animals run
down gradually, shrink in flesh, work
fairly well if they are work animals, eat
well, but gradually decline in looks,
strength, and flesh, and before the owner
knows it they are poor, and unable to
work. Many such cases will respond won¬
derfully by giving the animal, (if a horse)
a physic ball and a rest for a fortnight ;
if an ox or cow a great big dose of Ep¬
som salts with a few days’ rest to recu¬
perate will work wonders. Frequently
there are cases of malnutrition, that an
active cathartic corrects. Now with hogs
eternal vigilance is the price of success.
Any lot of hogs confined in pens and
buildings are liable to be attacked at any
time with disease. If I could not give
hogs almost unlimited range T would quit
breeding. Thumps in young pigs is a trou¬
ble that carries off thousands yearly; there
is no remedy for this trouble but exercise.
I notice occasionally, inquiries from farm¬
ers and swine raisers about what to do for
shotes and pigs that have lost the use of
their hind legs (paralysis of the muscles
of the back). I have never seen swine

have this trouble if they had plenty of
exercise and a chance to get to the
ground; clean ground. Turpentine will
restore the tone to the muscles of the
loins, and put them on their feet very
soon. Bathe their backs across the loin,
don’t be afraid you will overdo the mat¬
ter of rubbing it in. I have not had a
case in five years. j. e. watson.

Connecticut. _

Texas Stock. — I see no need for southern
breeders to go north for herd bulls. They
can get as good right here below the quaran-
tiue line as they will get north. South Texas
has been importing them a good long time,
and the losses have been very heavy. I have
been doing considerable business with good
bulls and heifers through the Gulf States and
especially in Florida and along the east coast
of Mexico, and my cattle stand the climate
and have given satisfaction. If i were to im¬
port northern animals, I would keep their
bowels open and give as little medicine as
possible I don't think I will ever import any
more. The losses are very heavy and it is a
great deal of trouble to pull them through.

Beeville, Tex. w. j. staton.

Feeding Calves. — It would have been a
good investment if we had bought a calf feed¬
er last year for our veal calves. They do so
much better with one than when they drink
the milk in hurried gulps. I do not like
heifer calves to veal ; they never turn out as
well. Their necks and shoulders are lighter.
I have found a half-pint dipper an aid in
teaching a calf to drink or use the feeder.
Sometimes a calf seems to take no interest
whatever in eating, even when he has not had
food for some time. It seems as if the obsti¬
nate creature would starve to death with utter
indifference. I put my fingers in his mouth,
but he takes no notice of them. This is when
the dipper comes in use. I force the calf into
a corner where I can hold him, then with fin¬
gers in his mouth I hold his nose up. then
pour a little milk into his mouth. The effect
is usually instantaneous. The calf begins to
suck my fingers ravenously, and it is then an
easy matter to introduce him to the feeder, or
to the milk, if he is to learn to drink.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

L. K. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

I Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,

| born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
| that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STRUAMKK and GOLDEN FERN'S LAD out of im-
I ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CUES I KR WHITES and BKRK8H1KE
PIGS. Standard- Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTES.

lif~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y-

s3Ju?8 STRATHNAVER FARM,'"T“

REV. W. P, MACKAY, Proprietor.

Two Jersey Cows, Registered Cheshire Swine, Thor¬
oughbred S. C. Black Minorcas, B. P. Rocks, R. C.
Brown Leghorns, Light Brahmas, Toulouse Geese,
Imperial Pekin Ducks, Guinea Fowl. Working Homer
Pigeons, Honey Bees, Nubian and Angora Goats
Carriage Goats for Children.

Prices Moderate. Strictly Honest Dealing,
Prize Winners at Madison Square Garden N. Y, 1905.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
B. F. SHANNON, 905 1 iberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Registered jerseys— 4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos. ; 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. ‘‘Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
you posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

SCOTCH COLBIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

iF, DIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City. Pa.

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice bred and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

All C MALE AND FE-
r UK OALL MALE ELK at
The Michigan School for ^the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

SPECIAL BERKSHIRE SALE.

FOR ONE MONTH, from July 29, 1905. we will
sell six to eight weeks old Pigs, all from registered
Boar, at $5.00 and $0.00 each. The lot also includes
many STRAIGHT BRED PIGS, eligible for registry.
Also YORKSHIRE PIGS out of registered Boar.
Write for circular giving full information.

HUDSON VALLEY FARMS, Glens Falls, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’vS litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005- farrowed June 12, are beauties. Flqretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1902. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 5000i. They
are all for sale — and are champion material— aiso
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop.. Marbledale, Conn.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application _ Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WlLLiOTJGTIBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whiles.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

O. I. O. Pigs

Registered Stock. March and April fa rrow. I> ro I i fi c
Strains, Mated not akin. Prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES K"ir

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

For Neatness in tlie Pen, Buy

THE JERSEY RED
HOGS and PIGS.

The FREE Catalogue Explains,

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moores town, N. J.

Improved Chester White Brood Sows, Shotes and
Pigs. Scotch Collie Dogs and Puppies. Leading
varieties of Poultry. D. J.KENEPP, McVeytown. Pa.

For Sale.— TUNIS RAMS.

Best of all Breeds for Hothouse Lambs.

j. n. McPherson,

Pine View Farm, Seottsville N. Y.

I 1 Ikl I for fat early Lambs. Rams for sale.

I l» I Jesse Alley, La Orangeville. N.Y.

Wanted.-DORSET RAM

Guaranteed, medium size. Moderate price quality
considered. State particulars fully. DICKINSON
BROS., Station B., Box 75, New Haven, Connecticut.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Free to any inquirer, booklet showing how farming
lias been and can be made profitable, without incur¬
ring risk. No experiment; others are making tlieir
fortune. You have only to mention this paper, giving
your name and Post Office address.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.IIARCOU.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

holstein-friesians

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to oiler at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
Deliol. We will mane attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton. Ulster Co.. N.Y,

WHITE SPRINGS FARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed by PETEK THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD, No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.3 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 lbs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised IB first
and second prizes and one championship out
of 1 7 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEY CATTLE )

Chester White Swine \ stock now

on tale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

595

BUTTER COLOR FROM THE COW.

The oleo men will try to secure a law
preventing butter makers from using color¬
ing matter in butter. In the event of
such a law is there any way of deepening the
color by special feeding?

The color of butter is mainly determin¬
ed by the breed or individuality of the
cow. So far as I have observed, the but¬
ter front Guernseys carries the highest na¬
tural color, with the Jerseys following as
a close second, and the uncolored butter
from both of these breeds has a much
higher color than that from either the
Ilolsteins or Ayrshires. Feed does have
some influence. For instance, the butter
fat from the same individual cow carries
a higher color when she is on good pas¬
ture than when she is eating dry feed in
the barn. It is practically impossible, in
my judgment, so to feed certain individual
cows or the animals of certain breeds, as
to give their butter fat the depth of yel¬
low color which has come to be regarded
as desirable by the American public. In
fact, the Winter butter from such herds
of Holsteins and Ayrshires as I have ob¬
served would be practically white, no mat¬
ter what the ration might be.

Geneva Exp. Station, w. h. Jordan.

The color of butter is a characteristic
of both the cow and feed. Certain breeds
of cattle give milk the butter fat of which
is higher in quality than that of other
breeds. The chief breeds, and so far as I
know, the only breeds, that give remark¬
ably highly colored fat are the Channel
Island breeds; that is, the Jerseys and
Guernseys. Certain feeds also noticeably
affect the color of the fat in milk. Of
course, fresh pasture grass is famed for
this. Of the dry feeds that can be fed in
the Winter there are probably none the
feeding of which would produce a fat of
color high enough to suit the require¬
ments of the ordinary trade. Good,
well-cured corn fodder probably has as
marked an effect as any of the ordinary
Winter feeds, ‘although pumpkins, carrots,
clover hay and perhaps some others, tend
to increase the color in the fat. It is not
likely that it will be possible to secure
butter of high enough color to suit the
ordinary trade demands by any combina¬
tion of breed and feed during the greater
part of the stall-feeding period.

Cornell University. u. h. wing.

There appear to be a number of factors
which affect the natural color of butter,
the most important of which are the fol¬
lowing: 1. The breed of cow. It is a
well-known fact that, under the same con¬
ditions, certain breeds of cows' produce
higher-colored butter than others. Thus
Guernsey butter is nearly always of a rich
color, even in the Winter and in Summer
the color is often so marked as to appear
unnatural. The Jerseys also produce a
high-colored butter which, however, is not
so marked as with the Guernsey. At the
other extreme are found the Holsteins
and Ayrshires, both of which yield butter
of a light color, which in the Winter is
almost white. Other breeds produce but¬
ter the color of which is intermediate be¬
tween those named. 2. Feed. The color
of butter is to a considerable extent modi¬
fied by the ration. Green forage, such
as is obtained in pasture, gives the highest
color. This is the case with all breeds.
Succulent foods as roots or silage also
improve the color in Winter. Cornmeal
gives a better color than wheat bran, etc.
T Period of lactation. With all breeds,
other conditions being the same, the
color of butter becomes lighter as the
period of lactation advances. These fac¬
tors are so variable and so difficult to con¬
trol that it has been found impractical to
make butter of a uniform color, at all sea¬
sons, without the use of artificial color. It
is the demand for a uniform color, by the
consumer, which has made the use of
color by creameries so universal. It is
also the same demand which makes the
manufacturers of oleomargarine so anx¬
ious either to make colored oleo or to
make the color of butter so variable that
the natural oleo will approximate that of

some grades of butter. It seems to me
that the interest of the consumer is best
protected by the present system, as it en¬
ables him at once to discriminate between
the two products. s. M. babcock.

Wisconsin Exp. Station.

SHEEP IN AN APPLE ORCHARD.

As to sheep eating limbs on trees head¬
ed low, would say sheep will browse off
all the limbs they can reach. I have some
large trees headed low, and the outer
limbs touch the ground, but I do not head
any more down ; they are a nuisance.
You can neither get under the tree to
clean up, nor pick up the fruit on the
ground. They are the cause of much
profanity on my farm, and I don't like
it. I would not think it would pay me
to set an apple orchard unless I got an
annual return from the land. As to dogs,
everyone told me I could not keep sheep
here on that account. I have fenced
largely with woven wire fence, and with
this fence properly built the dogs go
around. Then again, I have a good shot¬
gun, and every dog coming on the farm
must give an account of himself. If he
cannot I start him off, and then send a
charge of No. 8 shot after him. This,
as a rule, increases his traveling qualities,
and the next time he is sure to go away
around. It is surprising the effect it has
on dogs, to pepper them well with No.
8 (not kill them) they will go clear of you
all right. a. herrick.

Ohio.

STRINGY MILK; BOIL THE VESSELS

I supply milk for city consumption, and the
man who delivers it says that the patrons
Complain of the cream being stringy after the
milk is set a few hours. The milkman says
the separated cream is all right. What seems
queer to me is that all of them do not com¬
plain of stringy cream, only a few do. The
pasture is good, and I feed a mixture of
ground grains that I get from the mill, with
a little oil meal added. The cows drink from
a tile drain, but can drink from a slough after
a rain. Where I think the trouble lies is that
there is a city dumping ground a short dis¬
tance away, and usually the decayed animal
and vegetable matter is allowed to lie on top
of the ground instead of being taken care of.
The cows are in good condition, are holding
to their milk well, and seem to be healthy:
however, I shall have a veterinary come and
examine them. The sweet cream that is
stringy, when put in coffee, runs round in
threads as sour cream would do.

Grinnell, Iowa. J. a. h.

The niat'er is a simple one, evidently.
The germ that causes stringy or ropy milk
has gained access to the dishes into which
the milk is placed. Every tool or can,
strainers, pails, should be boiled, not only
at your producing plant, but also at the
home of the customers. Also boil your
milking stools, and Ire sure that the clothes
worn by the milkers are thoroughly
steamed. Just get the correct point of
view and you are all right. The trou¬
ble does not come from the feed, nor
from the cows. If cows were sick enough
to give such stuff they would dry up or
have inflamed udders, or show it some
way. I would also add that a coat of
whitewash for the stable would help to
clean things If the city has a filthy
dumping ground, of course, have it clean¬
ed up. But I should say that the chances
were not one in a thousand that this had
anything to do with your trouble. Go to
the customers and get every dish that
they use for milk, so as to be sure the job
is properly done ; don’t trust them ; they
may not feel the force of the necessity.
Continue the boiling for periods of 20
minutes, and repeat at intervals until the
trouble ceases. I once had a similar case
come to my notice. Everything seemed
clean but the milking stools. I suggested
boiling them, and the trouble ceased.
These necessary tools are the source of
unlimited trouble. The milker handles
them and then the hands are brought
directly over the milk with that peculiar
motion that shakes off the germs. The
general impression from your inquiry
would lead me to think that the trouble
was at the consumer's end. But don’t
say so too vigorously; when these trou¬

blesome germs get into milk, and there
are many of them, one may know they
are there, but not so easily find the source.
They cannot be seen as easily as flies and
bugs. Follow these suggestions, be thor¬
ough and your trouble will cease.

H. e. cook.

Spavins,
Ringbone,
Splints,
Curbs,
Lameness,

The great cure is

Kendall’s Spavin Cure.

Henfryn, Ont., Feb. 26, 1904.
Dr. B. J. KENDALL CO.,

Gentlemen: I have used your Kendall's Spavin Cura
for 15 years and have always found it good. Saved the
life of several horses by using your “Treatise on the
Horse” as a guide. Very truly yours,

HENRY FOGAL.

As a liniment for family use It has no equal. Price
S 1 ; 6 for 35. Ask yourdruggist for Kendall's Spavin
Cure, also “A Treatise on the Horae,” the book free,
or address

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

A $1,000.00

Guarantee.

Stevens’ Ointment will give better results
in all cases of bad or dinky legs than any
remedy on earth if the simple directions
are followed. This has l>cen proved al>-
solutely by a test of fifty years and we
shall back It up by a$i,ooo.oo guarantee.

For Curbs, Splints, Spavins, Bad
Tendons, Thoroughplns

and all diseases of the legs It Is without an equal.
Itistheonly blister that su[>ersecles firing and
the only remedy of the kind that you can give the
horse his regular work during treatment. It never
blemishes howevei severely it may be used. None
is genuine without our written signature. Price,
fi.oo per box, postpaid.

Wm. Penman, Utica, Mich., says: "I have
used no blister except Stevens’ for some time, for
1 have not found its equal in my forty years’ ex¬
perience with the horse. It cures completely In
nine cases out often and you never would know
there had been anything the matter.” Send for
Dr. Stevens’ book, " Lameness in the Horse, Its
Cause and Remedy.” It is absolutely free.

TUTTLE & CLARK, U. S. Agents, Detroit, Mich.

SHOO-FLY fes

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest off Cows while in
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
9inee 1HH5. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, send usfcl.OO,
will return latest Improved 3-Tube Sprayer and enough “Shoo-
Fly ” to protect 200 cows. Name Kxp. Office. Free Hooklet.

SHOO-FLY MF(i. CO., 1020 Fairmonnt, Philadelphia, Fa.

EDITOR knows from experience “Shoo-Fly ” is O. K.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cuTesrt»^
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. liberal terms.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

DEATH TO HEAVES

NKWTON’S Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Core.

A veterinary specilic for wind,
r 7^ throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

Th© Newton KemcdyCo.*
Toledo, Ohio.

EarLabels

tor SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.
Best on the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F. S. BURCH &C0-, 144 Illinois St. Chicago,

F.S.BURCH

LABEL’

Dana’s^

EARLABELS

White
’Metallic!

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veterl*
narlans. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

O. II. DANA, ?1 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

II

m{

n

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical *
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
ForestvlUe, Conn.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

BICKMORE’S

DON'T LAY OFF

a horBe merely because he has a sore back, neck or
shoulder. Treat him according to directions with

GALL
CURE.

Guaranteed to
cure all liar-
tie*.. Collar or
Saddle Galls
while you work
the horse or
money refund¬
ed. Equally
good for
1$ Scratches,
v Grease Heel,
_ _ _ __ Cuts, Speed

Sure And WorkThe Horse- ihinpL kn°™

r- - - - — - — - i - for Chapped,

Cracked or Torn Teats on cows. Send 10 cents
for a sample and satis fy yourBelf. All dealers sell it.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Box 519, Old Town, Me.

WARRIHER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS.

W. B. CRUMB, 78 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

B-oo Cream
Separator

for 325.00 we »e"

celebrated DUNDEE CREAM
SEPARAT OR, capacity, 200
pounds per hour; 350 pounds ca¬
pacity per hour for $29.00:
500 pounds capacity per hour for
$34.00. Guaranteed the
equal ot Separators that RE¬
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from
$75.00 to $1 25.00.

OUR OFFER, •mss

rator on our 30 days’ free trial
plan, with the binding under¬
standing and agreement If you
do not find Dy comparison.
1 test and use that It will skim
closer, skim colder milk,
skim easier, run lighter and
skim one-half more milk
than any other Cream Sepa¬
rator made, you can return
the Separator to ua at our
expense and we will Imme¬
diately return any money
you may havepald for freight
charges or otherwise. Cut
this ad. out at once and mall
to us, and you will receive
by return mall, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our
big offer and our free trial proposition and you will re¬
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

£harpl«s

fj TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

We want you to know Tubular *
Cream Separators as they are

Investigate the low can and enclosed gears.
Tubulars have neither oil cups, tubes, nor
holes— they oil themselves. They have
bowl, without complicated Inside parts— hold the world’s record for clean
skimming, durability, capacity, easy turning and easy washing — save half
the work— greatly increase the amounted quality of butter— are wholly unlike all

other separators.

Toronto,

amount

Write for catalog R-153

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,
West Chester, Pa.

Chicago, Ill.

Increase Your Profits

What's the use of trying to skim cream with a lot of pans
or crocks, no end of hard, tedious work and then lose half
to fully as much cream assayed? Or perhaps you use one
of those tin-can affairs that borrow the name of “Sepa¬
rators” but forget to take along their results. Don’t.
There’s a better way— easier, quicker, far more profitable,
absolutely sure and perfectly safe. It s the “U. S.” way.

Dblhie, Minn., June 6, 1905.

“ I purchased a No. 6U.S. Separator Feb. 1, 1905, and sold cream
the first month to the amount of $52.52, the product of 8 cows.
The month previous to getting the Separator the 8 cows produced
me about $25. This herd of cows is about the average herd, three
of them being heifers. I can heartily recommend the U. S. to
all who want a first-class Separator. — H. A. DRYER.”

110 per cent, increase! Pretty profitable investment, wasn’t it? Yet only one
of many thousands that prove the “ U. S.” way the most profitable. Isn’t it worth
investigating? That costs nothing. Send for illustrated Catalog No. 55C-A,
which will tel) you all about it and show you how and why the Improved

U. S. Cream Separators

MAKE THE LARGEST PROFITS

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., BELLOWS FALLS, VT
41a Prompt Deliveries from 18 Distributing Warehouses throughout United States and Canada

596

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 5, 1905.

HUMOROUS

Maude is in the garden
Culling pretty flowers;

Grace is in the hammock
Dreaming by the hours.

Kate is by the brooksidc
Where it's nice and cool ;

(Ivate is rather jaded
From the grind at school).

Nell is in the parlor
Just to snatch a flap ;

Eve's on the front porch
Flirting with a chap.

Fannie's in the orchard.

May is in the grove;

AND

Mother's in the kitchen
With a red-

hot

stove.

— Louisville Courier-Journal.

“This is a hard world,” growled the
chronic kicker. “That’s what !” replied
the observant man, “the only thing with
which you can make an impression on it
is ‘rocks.’ ” — Philadelphia Press.

Doctor; “Well, John, how are you
to-day?” John: Verra bad, verra bad.
I wish Providence ’ud ’ave mussy on me
an’ take, me!” Wife: “’Ow can you ex¬
pect it to if you won’t take the doctor’s
physic ?” — Punch.

Tim kins: “So that mining enterprise of
yours proved a failure, eh ?” Simpkins :
“Yes; a total failure.” Timkins : “But
I thought you said there was a fortune
in it.” Simpkins : “Well, mine’s in it.”
— Chicago News.

$1 OOO. SPOT CASH

FOR

MEN, WOMEN.

>r any boy or girl under 18 years of age Pnofi x J ^ --

C the largest calf to six months of age. tOoll farrowed by one »ow, dead and alive counted.

fg for any boy or girl under 18 years of age
^Qg the largest colt to six months of age.

"* 'V'<V vAA/ A.

For any boy or girl under 18 years of age
trying the largest lamb to four months old.

. AAAAAAAAA

$75 M

NAAAAAA,

$75 Cls'

■WWW

$25Ca
$50 C;

»AAAA/.* ‘

$25 C-

ten lc~, ~ -^Forany man or woman reporting largest
$<JU Yn Q mount of millt from 5 cows for any 60 days.

(CA p„„L *^-Forany m»n, woman Or boy ral.ing ths lsrg.sl
JdU IdMJ number of pig. from 5 sows to four month, of age.

$25 Cash *^"For *n-y rnan.' WOD1Bn or boy raUlng the largeit

or anyone reporting largest number of plgf

(1C Par.), For anyone reporting the largest
Irdou gain for one mule in any 60 days.

SI25 Cast:

^WWW.v

1 s.eers for any 90 days.

*— • • For any woman reporting largest amount
< butter from one cow for any 90 days.

“For any woman reporting the largest
cr tountof milk from ono oow for any 60 days.

I numberof piga from one sow to two months of ags.

car load of steers for any 90 days

WAAAAAAAAAAAAr A/VWVA. VAAACyWWW/t

$25 Cash aD70ne^Bhpwiag largest gain for two

fflC p,*), *3"For anyone showing largest gain for one
Olhd bdMl car load of hogs for any 90 days.

(OF p-cl. f^“For an yore showing largest gain for ten
$Lu 1/dMl hogs for any 90 days.

(OF p9eU For anyone raising the largaat hog to six
J bdMJ months of age.

(OF P«ct, o^For anyone showing the greatest gain for
}hd bdMJ One hog for any 90 days.

. *yFor anyone reporting smallest amount of grain

(OF Foranyone reporting the largestgain

Vtd bdMJ for a horso or mare in Bny 60 days.

(Cfl Pno({ O^Foranvone reporting the largest
JU bdMl gain for ko ahocp for any 90 days.

(OF p2o), wFor anyone reporting the largest
#L<J bdMJ wool clip from live sheep.

(OF Pep), •^‘Foranyonereportingthe largest
}L d bdMJ gain in ten eheep for any 90 days.

(OF Pas|, ,3~ For anyone reporting the largest
$hd bdMl gain for live goats for any 90 days.

vAA/WWWVAAAAAAAAAA/v ^AAAAA. tAA/ AAAA.

(OF p9cL w For anyone reportingthe largest
dad bdMl wool cl.p from five goats.

13- For anyone reporting largest number
of first prizes won in 1905 for ono ram.

(OP *yFor anyone reporting smallest amount of grain (0C Pacfl
dad bdou used for a team working every day for any 60 day s . <>ad bdMl

Tbeee Premium, are open to any man, woman, boy or girl In the world on the following Conditions: “International Stock Food” is to be fed to all competing animals. Tho time limit
is, for reports on animals and the tests, for any time between May 1st, 1905, and May 1st, 1906. You can select any months for your tests during this specified time. W o do not require you
to feed any certain amount of “International Stock Food,” but leave matter of amount used to your own Judgment. Feed a* much of “International Stock Food as you think will give
you best paying results. If two or more make the same report the money Will be divided squally. At the end of your test we require your written statement as to time you started your

. -**- - • . . . ... . .. - youraelf and two witnesses. Animalscompetingforonepnzomustnotbereportcdfor

uJni self evident error, we reserve right of asking party to mako a sworn statement.
, If Ion Hate Not Received One. We would like a photograph of tho animals before and
after test, but we do not require it. You stand as good a chance as anyone in securing several hundred dollars in cash. The results, including name and arroress, will be published in all

the leading “Farm Papers, having over Five Million Farmer Subscribers. Premiums willbs decided by us on the written statements which will be open forpublic inspection at anytime.

Pig* . It le fed in small amounts mixed with grain and purifies the blood, tones up and strengthens tho system and greatly aids digestion and assimilation so that each animal obtains
more nutrition from all grain eaten. It will always mako you more money than you can possibly make without its use. It alsoCures and Prevents Manv Forme of Disease and is
absolutely harmloss even if taken Into the human system. In addition to the use of “International Stock Food” making you a large extra profit with your stock we of?er $1000 in cash

Sremlums as an incentive for you to give your stock a little extra care. “International Block Food” is endorsed by ever Two Million Farmers who have Deen constant users for over
fteen years. The Editor of your “Farm Paper" will tell you that we always do exactly as wo agree.

You hav. as good a ehanee as anyone In earning on. or more of those spot cash promlnma. They are mneh larger than any “Stale Fair” offers and the honor of obtaining one orm.ro of
these premiums will be mnch greater because the results will he published thronehont th* entire world. Premlnms will be decided by n* on the written statements which will no upon
for pnhllelnspeetlon at any time. If you desire any further Information we will be pleased to have yon write nsat any time. All letters will be answered promptly as we have 800
people la our office and 150 typewriters. Kg' Be Sure And Save This Premium Ust For

We do not ask you to send us a cent. Our otter is open to the world on very easy conditions stated below list ot cash p'izes. The premiums are per-
fectly tree and are open to any man, woman or child. You can compete for one or more, and i! successful you may earn several hundred dollars in cash.

DAN PATCH £s6

LITffUGRAPHED IN SIX BRILLIANT COLORS
Mailed With Postage Prepaid It You Answer Ths Following:

lsW— flowHneh Stock Of All Kinds Do You Own! And.— Name Paper In Which You Saw This Offer.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., WBXSfS

HAVE YOU USED

3 FEEDS For ONE CENT?

CAN YOU USE ANY PART OE

$IOOO. CASH

Gravedigger (to doctor’s coachman) :
“Is the doctor busy the noo?” Coach¬
man : “Aye, we’re running out every
day.” Gravedigger (resentfully) : I

ha’ena’ dug a hole for him this lang
while.” — The Tatler.

“Is Tim Simmers still paying attention
to Mandy Tompkins?” asked the man who
had been away from home for some time.
"No,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “They
don’t either of ’em pay any ’tention to
the other. They’re married.” — Washing¬
ton Star.

When you write advertisers mention Tufc
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply Add
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page S.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESAI.E PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and NA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent commission

to get orders lor our celebrated ’leas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Pretents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHANGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

THE FAMOUS

GREEN MOUNTAIN

Green Mountain SILO

Silage is like good
money in bank, to be
drawn out by the
farmer to suit his own
convenience in feed¬
ing his stock on the
most luscious and nu¬
tritious of green pas,
turage during the long
winter season (or all
the year round lor
that matter), at only
about half the cost ol ordinary feed.

Bad silage is as worthless as bad money.

Green Mountain Silage with all its famed superiority can
be had only from a Green Mountain Silo. No other is to be
compared with it. It stands alone and supreme as the very
King of Silos. If you buy now you get the benefit of early
order discount. Our new Irec illustrated booklet tells more
about it. Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.

A rotc :K We are manufacturers and dealers in Machinery and Supplies
for Dairy and Creamery : also Gasolene Engines, Pleasure Boats, etc.

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt

SELF ADJUSTING HOOP SILO.

We have the only SILO on the market that does not
require attention after erection. We use an automatic
adjusting attachment on each rod to take up the rod
when the silo shrinks. Also a perfecting working
door and a perfect open door froflt. Write for full
particulars and prices.

KEYSTONE SILO 00.. Linesville, Pa.

M Steel Frame, round,
mil m m Built once for all. Best

m M— ■ m preservers, most durable,

models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers clubs. INTERNATIONA!,
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

B"" FBCut to tho length you want,

| UUUELll and cut evenly.

Delivered into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The standard by which all other machine* are built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
I 0 to 20 ton* per hour. Prices lower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called Tho Complote Machlno.

Warsaw- Wilkinson Co«, 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. V.

The SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLER

takes less power because It is the only blower that provide* for the
speed of the fan according to elevation
It has greater Capacity and is
cheaper to operate than any other!
silo tiller. It makes accidents
impossible. And this machine
Will cost you less money than other
machines anywhere near its oapacity.

THE SMALLEY

has the reputatioti of being the best Silo
Filler that money tvill buy— AND IT IS.

60 years of practical experience are back of
it, with no dissatisfied customers. Hun¬
dreds testify to its superiority over others.

Our FREE Catalogue will tell you all ^
about the SMALLEY Modern SILO FILLF.R
—why it is best; why it will save you money
and trouble. Write for it TODAY.

Smalley Manufacturing Co., Box 321, Manitowoc, Wis.

With a Record

It has met with the unqual¬
ified approval of farmers who
have used it for years. Unsurpassed
for accurate sowing, durability, econ¬
omy, and ease of operation. Work¬
ing parts simple and easy of access.
Mactiine perfectly controlled and regulated
while in motion. Has double run force grain
feed, with cone gear for change of quantity. Non-
Corrosive Glass Fertilizer Distributor, thrown out of gear
by independent lever. This Is a drill of highest grade,
fully Illustrating the superiority of the Buckeye line;
Its excellency will appeal to you. Your dealer has it — ask
him ; or write to us for complete descriptive catalogue.

P. P. MAST & CO., 9 Canal St., Springfield, Ohio.

We also make Hand Feed Presses 2H Strokes to 1 Revolution; Saw Mills; Shingle Mills;
Planers; Edgers; Lath Mills; Corn Mills; Water Wheels, etc. Write for Catalogue.

2 Tons in I Hour with I Good Horse

4 Strokes to I Revolution Automatio Feed and Hopper

Horse Power and Belt Power Combined, at Price of One,

Twice the Capacity of other Balers at half the price, is

Four to One which Equals Our

“Big 4”

Pe Loach Mill Manufacturing Co., Box 1002 Atlanta, Ca. /

Baldwin and
Gale-Baldwin

Get Speed and
Right Work.

Self
Feed.
Cut
Any

Length.

Ensilage Cutters.

Machines approach perfection in both cutting
and elevating. Adjust for four lengths cut.
Side or straight away delivery. All sizes for
all powers. Write for catalogue.

The Belcher 8 Taylor A. T. Co.,

Box 76, Chlcopoo Falls, Mass.

HEEBNER’S ENSILAGE CUTTER.

The best cutter on the market for green or dry corn.
Leading ensilage cutter made. It not only cuts but crushes
the stalks, rendering them palatable. Stock greatly relish
and thrive on it. A f 5. 00 attachment turns the machine into a perfect
shredder. Runs with least power. Used for cutting all kinds of b took foods.
Power can be applied to pumping, churning, grinding, etc. Catalogue free.

UEEBNER -fc SONS, 22 Broad St., Lonsdale, Pa.

ENSILAGE GUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen's Profits. Every Cutter fully war
ranted. Send to-day for Free Catalogue and Prices.

BOX No. 57.

"The Smalley”

Cutters and Bio wers

The only Cutter and Blower containing safety feed device,
safety belt pulley and safety balance wheel. Light power
required. Wil 1 elevate i nto any silo. Exceedingly strong
and sold on their merit at low prices. Also ensilage car¬
riers, silos, horse powers, threshers, hay presses.

Harder Mfg. Co„ Box ||, Cobleskill, N, Y, _

Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hay¬
ing Tools. R. C. REEVES CO.,
187 Water Street, New York.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One &two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level PMTTCD0
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed* Ensilage uUi I LilO
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKIYSTONEAGR’LWORKS, Pottstown , Pa

Vol. LXIV. No. 2898.

NEW YORK, AUGUST 12, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR

NEW LIFE TO A RUN-DOWN FARM.

A Dairyman Turns Chemical Farmer.

FERTILIZER FARMING, or the use of chemicals
as a substitute for stable manure, has been developed
greatly during the past 20 years. We have told from
time to time of various ways in which the chemicals
are used. Mr. Lewis, of New Jersey, for example, uses
them on the potato crop in a five-year rotation, and
finds that his farm grows more productive each year,
even when all crops except corn arc sold. We know of
cases where fertilizers were used to start farmers in
the stock business. In these cases the farms were poor
and badly run down, so that they could not carry many
head of stock. It was necessary to grow forage crops
before the stock could provide manure for the farm.
By using fertilizers judiciously good crops of grain and
fodder were grown the first year. These, fed to stock,
provided largely for the plant food later. In other cases
we have seen how swamps and low places naturally rich
in plant food, and still unproductive, have been turned
into gardens and celery farms by the wise
use of fertilizers. Now we have a new
line of fertilizer farming to record — the
restoration of an old farm with immediate
results.

FROM COWS TO FERTILIZER.—

For a number of years Joseph A. Fagan
ran a milk dairy in Hartford, Conn. He
fed a herd of cows of his own and bought
milk in addition. This confining business
broke down his health, and he found that
he must give it up. So he sold out and
rested for a couple of years. Then he
felt that he should be at work again, and
as farming was his business, he began
to look about for another farm where he
could make a living without such hard
work as the dairy business required. Mr.

Fagan says he advertised for a farm, and
had about 50 offers as the result of
spending less than one dollar. It seemed
as if every other farm in Connecticut was
for sale. This readiness to sell, and the
sight of stout men standing about ap¬
parently without making even a good liv¬
ing, was almost enough to make a man
hesitate and feel that perhaps, after all,
those who say that New England farming
is done for were right. That feeling,
probably, comes to everyone who goes
to New England hunting a farm. They
learn later that it is not the character
of the land or the farm’s location that
makes the price, but rather the lack of spirit and faith
on the part of the owners. In some parts of Connecti¬
cut excellent farms are passing out of the hands of
“old families” into the possession of people from Euro¬
pean countries or their children. The “New England
stock” may live too much in the past, and perhaps lack
the incentive to work and plan which is forced upon
the European. It is not at all unlikely that after two
or three generations of the new blood some vigorous
descendant of the “old stock” will again secure the farm,
driven by necessity to an incentive for home building.
Such things are always possible in a country like ours,
where property is not entailed. It is one of the safe¬
guards which surround the republic, for the love of
the home which means a struggle is deeper than that
for inherited property. New England farming did not
“decay” so long as men worked to make new homes.

Mr. Fagan finally found a farm of some 200 acres,
which he bought for less than the cost of the buildings.
It was a typical New England bottom land farm, with
some naturally strong soil, and natural grass land —
needing drainage. The large barn showed that it had
been a stock or pasture farm, but Mr. Fagan wanted to

get away from stock keeping. He became a fertilizer
farmer, and his yearly sales of potatoes and hay average
a larger sum than the purchase price of the entire farm.
He started at once, simply plowing up the fields that
were most suitable and planting potatoes. As other
fields are cleaned and fitted they are put into the short
rotation of potatoes and hay. As Mr. Fagan says, he
was nearly “scared off” when he saw big, stout men who
said they had left the farms because farming did not
pay. Then he thought it might be more in the men than
in the farms. The soil is naturally strong, and has had
a good “rest.” There are local markets in the manu¬
facturing towns all about. Probably 75 per cent or more
of such produce as hay, potatoes and straw consumed in
these towns is brought from some distance. Mr. Fa¬
gan figured that fertilizers judiciously used would en¬
able him to work the farm successfully.

A SHORT ROTATION.— Unlike Mr. D. C. Lewis.
Mr. Fagan does not care for the corn crop or for small
grain. He figures that it costs him too much to cut and
husk corn. It would also mean extra work to feed out

the stalks, and he did all the work of feeding stock he
cares to years ago. A younger man who likes stock
feeding could doubtless make a profit by growing a
crop of corn between hay and potatoes, but Mr. Fagan
is a fertilizer farmer because he wants to make one
man’s labor count for all it is worth. Rye would prob¬
ably pay for the straw better than wheat, but Mr. Fa¬
gan cuts it out for much the same reason that he does
corn, and simply plows up the sod after the second crop
of hay, and plants potatoes. He says he has tried to
imitate Mr. Clark’s method of seeding grass, but has
not been able to obtain Clark’s results. One reason
for this is that he is late in seeding after late potatoes.
The early varieties give a better chance, but after a crop
of Green Mountain has matured in Connecticut it is
often October before the grass seed can be put in. With
Irish Cobbler, the other variety of potato which Mr.
Fagan grows, earlier seeding is possible. Mr. Fagan
leaves out all Red-top seed, as he says that grass hurts
the sale of hay. I saw him hauling in a crop of ex¬
cellent Timothy, which looked as if it might run 2J4
tens to the acre. It is the custom of many New Eng¬
land farmers to seed to grass in the corn. Mr. Fagan

grows only corn enough to provide grain for his horses.
He showed me a grass field seeded in corn that looked
well, and the stalks had about disappeared. With only
two crops grown— hay and potatoes— it is not possible
to adopt any settled rotation. Of course there are Some
other crops— this year Mr. Fagan has 12,000 cabbage
and corn for his stock — but the chief crops are potatoes
and hay. Usually as he clears up a piece of rough land
he puts it directly into potatoes. Mr. Lewis or other
corn farmers would begin with corn, as that seems to
be the best crop for “taming” or breaking rough or
sod land. Mr. Fagan does not find corn profitable —
labor is expensive, and be does not want to feed out the
stalks. So as a piece of ground is cleared of brush and
roots it is plowed in Fall or Spring, as most convenient,
and planted to potatoes.

POTATO CULTURE, — His method of planting is
different from anything I have seen. After the land
is well fitted the seed is dropped with an Aspinwall
planter, with the covering disks removed. One man
drives this planter, which has done very accurate work
at dropping. The seed is left by the ma¬
chine at the bottom of a shallow furrow.
A boy follows with rake or hoe and cov¬
ers the seed to just the right depth. Then
the fertilizer is dropped by a fertilizer dis¬
tributer, which puts a narrow strip of
chemicals over each row, covering three
rows at a time. Then the whole field is
thoroughly worked with a spike-tooth
harrow again and again before the plants
start. This constant harrowing and weed¬
ing keeps the soil open and kills the
weeds. As a result the crop starts even¬
ly, and never stops growing, for it is
given constant level culture. Many potato
growers are content to let the planter do
all the work of dropping seed and fer¬
tilizer, and also covering, but Mr. Fagan
believes that it pays him better to use the
machine only for dropping. He thinks he
has better control of depth of covering
and placing of the fertilizer by doing this
hand work. On the average Mr. Fagan
uses about 1,700 pounds of Mapes potato
fertilizer per acre. This year he is spray¬
ing thoroughly with Bordeaux Mixture,
and the vines are thoroughly healthy
thus far. Mr. Fagan uses the Hoover
digger, and sells from the field or pits for
Winter as seems best at the time. One
object of this kind of farming is to get
the season’s work over before Winter. In
a little over six months after starting
Spring work the season is over and crops are sold.
Owing to the character and location of the old pasture
lands of which the farm is composed the potato fields arc
small and scattered. This year there are about 20
acres of potatoes all told. It seems almost incredible that
such wild land can be cleared and put into potatoes the
first season — yet here are complete evidences of it. In
good seasons such land has given nearly 300 bushels
of potatoes per acre when well fertilized. These New
England soils seem specially adapted to the growing of
hay and potatoes — two crops which the New England
States largely import.

HAY GROWING. — To show the condition of the
farm when he bought it Mr. Fagan says there was not
enough hay or straw left on it “to set a hen.” Possi¬
bly $75 worth of hay was sold from the farm the season
before’ he bought, yet the very first year of his farming
he sold nearly enough to pay the price of the farm !
This shows how quickly these soils will respond to high-
grade fertilizer. Old meadows not too far gone will
respond at once, and potatoes give a fair yield the first
season. When the potatoes are dug the soil is fitted
for grass. Mr. Lewis, in central New Jersey, can grow

598

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 12,

early varieties and dig them so as to seed to wheat and
grass in September. Mr. Fagan must wait longer, as
the season is later. He could find a good market for
rye straw, and late seeding would not interfere with
this grain. He does not want to raise grain, though he
realizes its value. He wishes to confine his efforts to

HYBRID OF KIBES CYNOSBATI. SMOOTH-FRUITED
TYrE, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 252.

See Ruralisms, I’age 602.

hay and potatoes, so as soon as the potatoes are out
he seeds to Timothy and clover — using more fertilizer
if needed. He does not believe in top-dressing grass,
believing it wiser to use what fertilizer is needed at the
time of seeding. Mr. Fagan believes that he has used
too much seed as the result of G. M. Clark’s advice.
The grass was too thick and short. When grass is
seeded with grain and clover added in the Spring, the
first crop of grass is usually nearly pure clover, the
J imothy coming later. The reverse of this occurs when
grass is seeded alone. The first year is pure Timothy,
while the clover comes like a swarm the second year.
The rowen or second growth of this second year is
nearly pure clover, which is excellent for plowing under
for potatoes. As stated before, Mr. Fagan does not
sow Red-top seed, as that grass is not wanted by hay
buyers. Clover is also a drawback to the sale of hay,
though not as bad as Red-top, but the clover helps (he
land and leaves it in fine condition for potatoes.

A SIMPLE PROPOSITION.— It is easy to see how-
simple Mr. Fagan's plan is, yet no one need think it
is an easy job of child’s play to develop such a farm.
The fertilizers make the plant-food problem easy. If
they are put in properly and at the proper time the grass
and potatoes cannot help growing, provided the rain
falls and the weeds are kept down. There are, however,
hundreds of little details which require nice judgment,
and prompt, skillful action on the part of the farmer.
Drought may come, and must be met by thorough cul¬
ture. Bug and blight may ruin the crop in a week, and
spraying must begin before they start. The grass must
be cut and cured at just the right time — plowing and
fitting must be done so as to leave the best seed bed.
These things come like instinct to the thorough farmer.
The man without experience or energy cannot under¬
stand their importance. Mr. Fagan has reason to be
proud of his farm. It is well enough to take a farm
in good heart and tilth, and keep up its producing value.
For example, a good farmer might take Mr. Lewis’s
farm, and by continuing the use of fertilizers keep up
or even increase the crops through the rotation. That
would show skill and good farming, but there seems
more of actual success in such work as Mr. Fagan is
doing. Here is an old farm — thrown out of cultiva¬
tion, taking on new vigor and value and changing the
character of a neighborhood. It is a great thing to save
a farm and make it productive.

Mr Fagan says that it seems hard to take an acre ot
land which may cost less than $20 and put over $40
worth of fertilizer and work into it. It is hard to
see any money in such a deal, yet experience shows that
this is the way to handle a farm in New England. It
would be folly to advise a farmer on $20 land in the
West to spend more than the value of his cultivated
farm for fertilizers, yet such advice might be perfectly
sound in New England. Soils in this section respond to
the use of fertilizers in a remarkable way, and there is
a steady market. While potatoes may be selling for 25
cents a bushel in Iowa, they will bring 75 cents within
two hours’ haul from a New England farm, so that
high feeding pays, and the use of half a ton or more
of fertilizer to the acre is not a gamble. The gamble
comes later in not taking care of the crop.

It would be interesting to see what Mr. Fagan’s farm
would sell for now, as the result of his successful work.
A neighbor made a sale of a near-by farm by bringing
a customer to Mr. Fagan’s place to see the crops grow¬
ing.

“There,” he said, “is what this soil will do!” — point¬
ing out the potatoes and grass, which made a striking

contrast with the brush and weeds which occupied sim¬
ilar land on the other farm. The possibility of the
crude soil as shown on the fertilized farm was the best
argument the purchaser could ask for, because it showed
him how he could make cheap land pay interest on five
times its cost. On every farm there is a certain amount
of stable manure. Mr. Fagan does not buy manure, but
he uses his home supply on the light dry knolls or other
places where the soil is naturally light. By always us¬
ing it on such places the fields are made more uniform.
The interesting thing about this farming is the fact that
after more than ordinary success in the milk business
M r. Fagan is able to make more than he ever did in the
dairy without milking a cow. Probably 20 years ago if
a person had told him that a Connecticut farm could
be made to produce such crops without stock to feed the
land he would not have believed it possible. Much of
the early prejudice against chemicals is now gone, for
no prejudice can stand long against actual results. Mr.
Fagan’s experience gives additional proof to the state¬
ment we have often made that many eastern lands are
to-day the best farm bargains to be found in the coun¬
try. Many of them are old stock farms naturally
strong and productive, but now rough and grown to
brush. Different men will handle them differently.
Some, like Mr. Cosgrove, will leave most of the farm
in the rough, and keep hens or grow fruit on the
most available ground. Others will keep stock, like Mr.
Manchester, and others, like Mr. Fagan, will become
fertilizer farmers. Whether the motive power of the
farm be hen, cow, sheep, horse, tree or fertilizer bag,
the man behind it must run the machinery. H. w. c.

SOD OR CLEAN CULTURE IN ORCHARDS.

Geo. T. °owell Opposes Sod.

I note with interest the discussion upon insects and
-our request for opinions from growers. At Orchard
Farm we have been testing the sod system in orcharding

HYBRID AND WILD GOOSEBERRY FRUITS. NATURAE
SIZE. Fig. 253. See Ruralisms, Page 602.

in comparison with cultivation. Our soil may be termed
a heavy gravel loam, and being very full of small stones,
it carries a good degree of moisture. Two orchards
were set five years ago, and left in sod, the grass having
been cut for a mulch, and the other has been under
high, clean culture. The difference is so great that
upon this soil and the conditions of this farm there is
not the slightest chance for an argument in favor of
sod treatment. The trees in sod have had a continual
struggle. The foliage has been yellow and sickly, the
trees have made very slow growth, and one-half has had
to be reset. The cultivated orchard has forged ahead,
setting fruit the fourth year, and more the present sea¬
son. It looks like a business orchard, and will pay one
hundred cents on the dollar years before the other in
sod. In regards to insects, trees that are in a vigorous
growing condition are seldom injured by any class of
insects. In 1003 the Apple aphis was unusually preva¬
lent. This really killed several trees in the sod, while
in the cultivated block the trees grew entirely out of the
trouble. Both were treated with whale-oil soap. In
1004 the aphis appeared again in great numbers; neither
orchard was treated. Those in the sod ground suc¬
cumbed, while those in the cultivated block went
through, outgrowing the difficulty successfully. After
five years the sod orchard is replanted and the ground
put under cultivation, and in one season so far in the
same soil under culture the trees have made more
growth than in any two years in the sod and mulch.
Both orchards have been sprayed regularly.

We have been spending several days thinning peaches
and apples. In one orchard where the harrow is being
run every three days, in the face of a very protracted
dry period, both apples and peaches are growing stead¬
ily, and the work of the curculio and Codling moth is
slight in evidence. In another orchard, on account of

currant bushes occupying the land between the trees,
cultivation for several years has had to cease early in
June. In this orchard there is 100 per cent more of
trouble from the curculio and Codling moth, and half of
the apples are defective, and are being taken off, and
the same results are found with curculio on the peaches
and apples. Last year the San Jose scale appeared in
both of these orchards. Both were sprayed in the early
Spring with kerosene- limoid mixture. In the or¬
chard that is receiving culture every three days there is
very little evidence of the scale; in fact, as yet no fruit
is marked, while in the other where the trees are not
making the same vigorous growth, the scale is spread¬
ing, and the fruit becoming badly marked. The result
of the study of these facts after 10 days of personal
work and observation while thinning the fruit, is that
10,000 currant bushes are being yanked out of the one
orchard that it may be put under the most thorough
cultivation, as one of the most effective means of con¬
trol of several insect pests. Trees that have to contend
for existence against grass and weeds, that require a
vast amount of the moisture of the soil to sustain them,
even though cut, in our experience suffer far more from
nsect attack. The sod and mulch system may do well
n soil that is abundantly supplied with water, but on a
.-erv large majority of farms cultivation will be far
more profitable. george t. poweix.

Columbia Co., N. Y.

R. N.-Y. — In a later note Mr. Powell adds: “I am
ust now trying an interesting experiment. Peach trees
were generally hurt during the Winter of 1904. There
s an immense set of fruit this year as the result. Many
rees will not be able to carry through their crop, as
tree and foliage are too weak. In addition to high
culture, to give good foliage I am applying nitrate of
soda, as a special stimulus to get the crop through.
Many peach orchards will never live through to next
Spring.”

A Western View.

This subject has been thrashed over in Iowa horticul¬
tural societies for many years. As usual, almost all
agree to differ. In fact, if all would move to the same
locality and soil, and grow orchards in the same con¬
ditions, they would be a unit in opinion. Across the
south side of State three counties wide, going as far
west as Red Oak and Clarinda, Iowa, two-thirds of
the way the soil is black loam, tenacious clay subsoil.
This is also true of northeast Missouri, joining that
section. In this section the Winesap, Willow, Rome
Beauty and Fameuse thrive equally well with Ben
Davis, Jonathan and Grimes, three great leading west¬
ern commercial varieties. In that section the soil is of
such a nature that after a series of rains it is held a
long time up to roots of trees and it takes a long while
for it to settle. In fact, in boyhood, we have in one of
those counties waited three days for the soil to dry well
enough in cornfield to plow corn. Here we find the
greatest number of sod advocates in orchards. In case
they are in high tilth the orchards make too much
wood gro-wth, and at expense of setting fruit buds and
getting trees ripe to winter well. This kind of soil is
not confined strictly to county lines, or to that section,
but reaches north to central Iowa in parts of east and
south of State. In the strictly southwestern part of
State there is some such soil, but not much of it. Sur¬
face is rolling, part hilly, part steep, and the orchard
ection takes to hills, and added to this natural drain-
,ge is a peculiar soil. It is light-colored, and after be-

ROCK IN A NEW ENGLAND FIELD. Fig. 254,

ing released from frost in Spring is very loose until
settled by rains, so loose we have seen it drift before
our high western winds like snow, though this is not
usual now since the prairies have been planted. Here
t can rain all afternoon and all night following, and the
soil is so open and naturally loose that at 10 A. M. the
lay following the corn cultivators can do good work and

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

599

the soil not pack. The soil is the same from 15 to 50
feet; earth from the bottom of 40-foot wells will fol¬
lowing season produce corn or clover. The culture ad¬
vocates in orchards and those against the sod idea be¬
lieve here in all- Summer tillage, and they live on this
kind cf soil. They talk cultivate all the time. The soil
needs stirring to give trees enough and a regular sup¬
ply of moisture for healthy and proper wood growth
and maturing of fruit.

As eastern people know, other factors come in ; our
seasonal rains are exceedingly variable, even it is said
to be affecting our politics. Along will come a series
of years very dry, we getting only I t to IS inches rain¬
fall ; the western half of this State will have to plow
deeper, and we have to scratch pretty hard to save
any kind of a crop, but in all such seasons the quality of
feeds, grains and fruits, from the intense sunshine, heat
and aridity is proportionally greater and feeds go much
further. Southeast Iowa people have to plow up their
apple orchards and cultivate to get moisture like us.
This gives a chance for southwestern Iowa people to
tell the others, “1 told- you so,” and all plow orchards.
After a while along comes a wet season, followed by
a series of them ; the great West is deluged, storm-
swept, and with over 40 inches rainfall. All wonder
what is possible next. These conditions cause the
southwest Iowa people at once to seed down the bills
with clover and prevent soil washing and excessive
wood growth that comes from too much moisture in
our rich drift and loess soils. The southeastern Iowa
people arc swamped, get water-logged, and cannot get
on their ground to cultivate it; then hurriedly seed
down and keep the ground covered with clover rather
than have weed crops in orchard. Take it between
these two extremes, it is problematic what to do or ad¬
vise ; in fact, the most rational western treatment is
to put the young apple orchard in corn five to seven
years, arid as a happy medium keep a good covering of
clover in the orchard after that time until excessively
heavy cropping is on, and then cultivate; if heavy crop¬
ping is followed by off years then get clover on the
ground such seasons. This question in the West is al¬
together one of climate, soil and season.

Shelby Co., Iowa. w. m. bomberger.

EXPERIENCE IN HYBRIDIZING CORN .

On page 553 M. P. W. asks about hybridizing corn.
Fifteen or more years ago there were corn-canning fac¬
tories here, and I grew corn for canning. The mar¬
ket at that time began to call for a variety with smaller
kernels than the Potter’s Excelsior, which was then be¬
ing used. To produce something which would please
the canners I crossed the Ne Plus Ultra (sometimes
called Banana corn) with Crosby’s Early. 1 made the
cross both ways, planting a few hills of each side by
side, and removing all tassels from the variety I wished
to make the mother plant. The plantings were isolated
from all others enough so there would be little chance
of mixture from other sources. 1 found that it did make
very much difference in the produce which variety was
used for the mother plant. When the Ne Plus Ultra
was the mother plant I got a plant of earlier maturity,
and with grains somewhat larger, and the car enlarged.
The rows of grains were quite irregular, much like its
mother. Where the mother plant was Crosby’s Early the
grains were much larger, the plant later in maturity,
and stalk of larger growth. It did not give promise of
being what was wanted, and 1 did not try to fix the
type, growing it only one year. The cross with Ne
Plus Ultra for mother plant was quite satisfactory, and
I have grown it for domestic use ever since. The can¬
ning factories were closed soon after I made the above
experiment, so the variety was never grown extensively
for canning, only for two or three years in a small way,
but it was quite satisfactory for the purpose. The type
has never got very decidedly fixed as to pattern of ear.
There is a strong tendency to revert to the mother type.
The rows are usually quite irregular, and the grain
deep, yet sometimes the rows are straight. I have
found both styles of ears growing on the same stalk.

Massachusetts. m. morse.

Experience in Iowa.

In a general way, and in almost all actual detailed
results, hybridizing destroys useful types and sets all
truly scientific breeding adrift. Corn is so variable that
it is hard to keep it improved by natural methods in its
most favored locality, here in southwestern Iowa. The
introduction of seed of similar type is a very difficult
thing, if one wishes to preserve and improve a type of
corn. Three to five years is at times necessary thor¬
oughly to acclimate a variety if moved but three or four-
counties north or south in southwestern Iowa, less than
75 miles. The large influx of settlers from Towa and
north half of Illinois to the Dakotas made a need of
more than usual seed for corn planting in South Da¬
kota. Seed houses did a thriving business, but set¬
tlers only moving 150 miles, taking seed with them,
and getting southern Iowa seed raised fodder,

while older Dakota settlers using home seed raised
their usual crop, and it was a great loss to new settlers.
In 1882 very little seed ripened to make good seed in
western Iowa, and large importations were made of
seed corn from the still more elevated arid section of

NEW HYBRID GOOSEBERRY, REDUCED IN SIZE. FiG.
255. See Rurallsms, Page G02.

Kansas where drier conditions prevailed. It took many
years in Iowa to get over the introduction of such seed.
1'his was followed by closer attention to seed selection,
and the first real seed corn breeding was commenced
and continued in the work of Nims Bros., Mills County,
Towa. This developed into several strains, but their
famous Legal Tender variety, taking first at the Chicago
World’s Fair, showed the possibility of developing a

variety on home and local conditions ; the variety was
the result of 25 years seed selection. In its locality, on
the ground and in the soil it is adapted to, and by the
listing methods possible on southwestern Iowa soil, it is
a marvel. A type now developed that comes from Illi¬
nois is attracting quite a good deal of attention, and will
be adopted in several counties a distance north in these
two States; it is called Reid’s Yellow Dent. Through
Prof. Holden’s notice of it and its fitting near the ideal
score great interest is felt in this variety; no two agree
yet on its value when grown in field lots, as the seed
is being used in varying places, and the variety has to be
used several seasons to be especially judged in merit as
to its adaptation to each place tested. On my grounds
this sort under trial suckers severely, but the stalk is an
ideal one, being equipped with nearly a half more foli¬
age than other sorts. The ear is nearer a perfect one
than most varieties, quality high, but corn is just a little
too near the flint types to make good feeding corn to
scoop to live stock in the feed troughs by the thou¬
sands of bushels, as is the custom in this cattle feeding
section, and it would have to be run into cob and corn
meal for best results. With these facts in mind your
correspondent could not get ideal results or improve¬
ment so quickly as he would from some type devel¬
oped by a farmer in his home county, and he will find
some fine types of corn in Clinton County, la.

Iowa. W. M. BOMBERGER.

FARMER'S TELEPHONE AND TURNPIKE.

Our pike (the Harrisonburg and Rawley Springs
urnpike) was built principally by farmers. There were
196 shares of the capital stock subscribed for at $25.
This stock was paid mostly in work. The road was
graded up and toll gates established. The proceeds
were then applied on road by macadamizing worst places
every year, and this was kept up at all times until now
every foot of it is macadamized. The officers are presi¬
dent, secretary and treasurer, and board of directors,
five in number. President’s salary is $50 per year;
secretary and treasurer, $75 per year; board of direc¬
tors, $1 per day for time actually employed. The presi¬
dent is elected each year by stockholders, as is also the
board of directors. The treasurer is elected by the
board. The work is done by hour labor, the president
overseeing same, or having it overseen at $1.50 per
day. At first there was a maximum rate of toll charged
which is fixed by law, but as the road began to take less
work the toll has been reduced, until now it is about
one-half in some cases, such as pleasure vehicles, and
has been greatly reduced on all kinds of travel. I am
not able to tell you when this company was organized,
but it was here when I came into this world, and 1 have
been here 33 years. For many years there was no sale
for stock, and it was only bought by farmers for main¬
tenance of good road, and did not until recent years pay
any dividend. It began paying dividends (possibly 20
years ago) at three per cent, and has been increasing
until in last 10 years it has been paying from 12 to 20
per cent, and the stock is being bought now as invest¬
ments at from $25 to $50 per share, and eagerly sought.
A company began to monopolize this stock, and it looked
as if it was going into speculators’ hands, but a few
of our farmers got together and bought them out,
and it now remains the farmers’ road, until an auto¬
mobile comes along; then it all belongs to the driver.

We had the Bell Telephone Co. 10 years ago. They
asked permission to erect a line along our turnpike, and
it was granted, provided they gave the president, sec¬
retary and treasurer each a ’phone. This they refused ;
13 men on this pike agreed to build a line to Harrison¬
burg for their own convenience. This was the start.
Other lines began to be thought of, and a switchboard
was now found to be necessary, so a franchise was se¬
cured and switchboard was erected, it being the prop¬
erty of an individual. There were then perhaps three
local companies of 20 men each. Then they organized
themselves into a company having a president, vice-pres¬
ident. secretary and treasurer, all elected yearly by
stockholders. They also have a board of directors, there
being a man chosen out of each local company to serve
as a member of board. The cost to the first 13 men in
our local company was $3.50 each, and all who wish
to come in thereafter must pay this amount, which goes
to put up other lines, etc. This cost of getting in varies
in the different local companies. All subscribers own
their own ’phones and keep them in repair. Each local
company then pays $5 to switchboard for each drop
taken up by their lines, and then each member of the
entire company pays $3 per year to switchboard to be
served by operators. In the beginning it was the in¬
tention to have all members charge a fee of 10 cents for
all messages delivered by non-’phone-holders, one-half
of this to go to company for incidental expenses, but
some members were so neighborly they would not
charge, so this was dropped, and now if there are any
expenses to be met there is a levy made on each mem¬
ber. Each local company has laws governing it, as
suits best, but the by-laws and constitution of general
company must of course apply to all alike. We now
have in the Rockingham Mutual Telephone Co., as
good service, I suppose, as is to be found anywhere, but
we are outgrowing ourselves. There are, I think, 1,600
members, and some of them are getting wrong, and we
are now, as I think, merging into the Bell Company.

Rockingham Co., Virginia, r, s, shqwai.tkb.

6oo

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 12,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of (lie writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.')

Pine Needle* for Bedding.

IF. IF. IF., I'ri nlut, Ore. — Are partially de¬
cayed pine and tir leaves found in the forest
and used as bedding for horses and cattle in¬
jurious to the land when applied as manure?
Here in and near our great Oregon forests we
have inexhaustible quantities of such stuff
that would be line for storing for Winter use
for bedding provided it would not injure the
land for crops hereafter.

Ans. — The only danger in plowing un¬
der the fresh “needles” of pine or fir is
that they contain a strong acid which will
sour some soils. The liquid manure will
neutralize this acid; so will heating in the
manure pile. Therefore such “needles”
are useful for bedding.

Government Whitewash.

A. II. G., Lawrence, Kan. — Will you pub¬
lish for my lxmefit the formula used by U. S.
Lighthouse Service in whitewashing their
buildings, also method of applying? This I
think would be of interest to your readers.

Ans. — To make “Government white¬
wash” slake half a bushel of good stone
lime in boiling water, keeping it covered
while slaking; strain and add four quarts
of salt dissolved in warm water, three
pounds of ground rice, boiled to a thin
paste, half a pound of powdered Spanish
whiting, and one pound of clear glue, dis¬
solved in warm water. Mix and let stand
for several days. Apply as hot as possi¬
ble.

Plant Lice on Sweet Peas.

It. It. It., Walpole, Mans. — I have a lot of
sweet peas infested with green lice, which
literally cover the vines. What can I do to
get rid of them ? I tried kerosene emulsion,
one tablespoonful to half cupful milk, stirred
well, then put in two gallons of water. Is
this all right?

Ans. — A solution of whale1oil soap,
four ounces to a gallon of water, will be
found better than the kerosene emulsion.

most crops feed. It is probable that the
turnip is able to make use of some
forms of phosphoric acid which would
not be available to some other crops.
While turnips add nothing to the soil in
the sense that clover does they may add
available phosphoric acid and work over
the soil so that it will be more productive.
We should certainly add the turnip seed.

Bisulphide of Carbon for Ants

C. E. /*., Ridfjewood , X. J. — In using bisul¬
phide of carbon to rid the ground of ants and
other insects, how far apart would you have
the holes, and how much bisulphide in each
hole? This is on freshly worked ground for
a strawberry bed, but it will be thoroughly
rolled and packed down.

Ans. — If it is the intention to treat the
whole strawberry bed, I would punch the
holes about one foot apart, and equally as
deep. Then pour about two tablespoon-
fuls of the liquid into each hole, and plug
it up with a piece of coal or a hard chunk
of soil. m. v. slingerland.

Grafting an Elm Tree.

II. 8., Limaville, O. — Can the elm be suc¬
cessfully grafted? There is a most beauti¬
ful elm growing near here of a type quite
different from common. Can I get one like
it by grafting a scion from it on a common
elm ?

Ans. — Choice varieties of elm are reg¬
ularly propagated in nurseries by graft¬
ing on stocks of the common species. The
beautiful Weeping Camperdown elm is
always propagated by grafting high up on
strong stocks. The scions should be cut
early and kept dormant by ice or burying
in cool, shaded soil until buds on the
stock begin to swell, and the graft then
made precisely as with the apple. The
head grown from the graft should repro¬
duce the tree from which it was cut.

Cost of Water Glass.

J. A"., (No address). — Beading about pre¬
serving eggs by keeping in water glass. I un¬
derstood one part of water glass and 10 times
the amount of water, and that the water glass
was 10 cents per pound, and would preserve
14 dozen eggs. I bought a pound, cost 25
cents. The druggist says to put three parts
water. This would make the eggs as dear
as buying them in Winter. Let me know if
I made a mistake.

ings and destroy them with bisulphide of
carbon. Punch holes at 'intervals of
about one foot and a foot deep in the
ant colonies, and pour into each hole two
tablespoonfuls of the liquid ; then plug
the hole with a bit of sod. Bisulphide of
carbon is highly inflammable and ex¬
plosive; do not bring a light near it.
Lime is not recommended ; the plank
walk may harbor ants, but it does not
breed them. _

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

PAGE

CAT¬

ALOG

Wo have been a Mall Order
House for 90 Years.

Oik Catalog Saves Your Money.

DEALERS IN RELIABLE
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We are located in the com¬
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APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES, T/.T

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

THIS

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You know tlie value of it is $1.50. Buy it of us by mail
any time within a month for this test price. Examine it
carefully, and if not worth more than double what wo
charge return, and we will refund the money and pay
charges both ways. Have you our catalog of bargains?
It describes and shows pictures of 28.000 articles for
home, shop or farm use: costs us 75 cents, but we send
it free on request. Buy in New York City.

White, Van Glahn & Co. J Chatham Sq., N. Y

Established 1816. Oldest Mail Order Bouse in America.

c

RIMSON CLOVE

R

Nature's Fertilizer and Ideal Hay
Crop. New circular describing its
merits and why every Farmer and
Trucker should plant it, mailed FREE. Write for
prices, also new wheat circular.

HOLMES SEED COMPANY, Harrisburg, Pa.

C A I C*— Crimson Clover Seed,
” V* Eb $5.50 per bushel : Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

cccn WHFAT~C,ean’ sou,’d graded. Four
OLLU II I! LH I hardy and prolific varieties. If
not as represented, reship and get your money
back. Booklet and samples for stamp. TIMOTHY
SEE1>. A. H. Hoffman, Bamford, LancasterCo., Pa.

CHOICE SEED WHEAT.

"Prosperity," “ No. 8." and “Shepard’s Prolific."
pure and clean; hardy and large yielders. Price, $1.25
per bushel. Sacks free. Cash with order.

i>. c. McPherson seed co„

Pine View Farm, R. F. !>., Scottsville, N. Y.

SEED WHEAT— DAWSON’S GOLDEN CHAFF

Best Bald Wheat grown. I offer choice recleaned seed
from a heavy yielding crop at $1.25 per bushel f. o. b.
Bags, 15 cents. Bags free with five bushels or more.

CHARLES BUCHAN, Stanley, N. Y.

BEST SEED WHEATS

Always come from the famous Maplewood Seed
Wheat Farms. Always pure, clean, highest vitality,
thoroughly regraded. Some wonderful new ones this
year. Our Catalogue No. 15 tells all about them; how
and why they come to be the best. Cost hut a postal.
Get it. now.

Maplewood Seed Wheat Farms, Allegan, Mich,

MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER SEED RYE

Send fot circular, with photograph of Rye.

E. L. CLARKSON, TIVOLI, NEW YORK.

STRAWBERRY PLANTSiS&toSU

plant 1906. $1.00 per 100. List free.

LEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps,
Spray Mixtures. Booklet free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moores town, N. J.

Best Investment

lotted plants boug]

N

P(

Barnes Bros.

he ever made. One man picked
50 qts. Strawberries from 100
htof us last year. Send for our list.
URSERY, Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.

kfruitbook

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
r button to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, M-

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses,
Plants nnd Bulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to

Surchnsers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees.

o. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plants nnd Vines, Ilosrs,
Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in
general. Try us. Will give you a square deal and
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
62 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE 8TORRS & HARRISON CO.
Box 13, PAIN ESV I LLE, OHIO.

Mix the soap and water thoroughly, and
apply with a sprayer, covering all parts
of the plants. While the kerosene emul¬
sion is excellent theoretically, it is often
difficult to apply it perfectly, and the
plants are likely to be scorched if the
emulsion is not complete. Whale-oil soap
is a useful application for all plant lice in¬
festations. Tobacco water is also de¬
sirable.

Suckers on Sweet Corn.

IF. S. J., Holliday, Mo. — Why does sweet
corn sucker so badly? Should these suckers
be pulled off. or be allowed to grow?

Ans. — It is quite natural for some vari¬
eties of sweet corn to sucker freely.
Metropolitan and other stocky growing
kinds are very marked in this respect. If
at all closely planted it is best to pull off
the suckers when about a foot high. If
your corn has plenty of room some of
the strongest suckers, if allowed to re¬
main, may produce fair ears later than
the main stalks. The best plan is to
plant only varieties that succeed in your
locality, and are not inclined to exces¬
sive suckering.

Use of Cow-Horn Turnip Seed.

F. M. C., Plainfield, N. J. — I see a great
deal in your paper about using Cow-horn
turnip seed with Crimson clover when sowing
for fertilizing purposes. I cannot see why,
as long as the turnip is not a legume, and does
not store up nitrogen as does clover. I just
bought 84 pounds clover seed to sow in seven
acres of corn, and it ground a little to pay
SI cents per pound for 14 pounds of the
turnip seed to mix in, when I can see no
good reason for doing so.

Ans. — This doubt is natural, but after
seeing the effect of a crop of Cow-horn
turnips you will doubt no more. The tur¬
nips will help the farm in four ways.
You can pull part of them for feeding
or sale. They add a large amount of hu¬
mus or vegetable matter to the soil with¬
out interfering with early Spring work.
The long tap-root works into the subsoil,
loosening it and admitting air and water.
It also brings some plant food up from
below, leaving it in the upper soil where

Ans. — One part of standard solution of
water glass or silicate of soda to nine
parts water makes a safe preservative
for eggs, which must he fresh when put
in. One pound water glass solution thus
diluted in a tall stone jar will cover 12
to 14 dozen of small eggs; nine to 10
dozen large Leghorn eggs. Water glass
solution usually retails for 25 cents a
pound, hut is quite cheap if bought in
quantity.

Setting Raspberries.

TF. M. A., Papakatiny, N. J. — Which is
the better time to set raspberries, in Fall or
Spring? If set in (lie Fall, would they bear
fruit a year from the following Summer?

Ans. — Raspberry growers are well
agreed that Spring is the better time to
set plants, if set out in the Fall they
rarely get sufficient root-hold to resist
heaving by frost. Plant as early in Spring
as the soil can be made ready. Little is
gained in time of fruiting by setting in
Fall. The canes made the first year of
growth are too small to bear many ber¬
ries the following year. A fair crop may
be expected the third year of growth,
and an increase under good management
until the sixth or seventh season has been
reached, after which there is usually a
decline in productiveness.

Getting Rid of Ants.

C. J. G., Glastonbury, Conn. — Can you
tell me how to get rid of those peskiy
little red ants in the house? We have
used everything. Will lime on the lawn
hurt the grass or kill the ants that seem to
be all over the lawn and get into the house?
Do you think an old plank walk near the
house breeds the ants? Do give me a remedy
to get rid of them on the lawn, and especial¬
ly in the house.

Ans. — The simplest method of driving
away red ants, is to destroy a large num¬
ber of them, which so terrifies those re¬
maining that they abandon the place. A
raw meat bone, roughly scraped, is very
attractive to them ; place such a bone in
their main runway, and as soon as.it is
covered with ants, throw the mass into
the fire. Instead of bones, a sponge
dipped in sugar water and looselv pressed
out may be used ; when it becomes filled
with atUs drop into boiling water, wash
out, dip in the syrup again use as

before. The mysterious destruction of a
large number of ants seems to terrify tlie
survivors, causi o- them to seek new pas¬
tures. These tiny creatures are very sus¬
picious. and ordinary traps or poisons
seem to fail. Tf your h-.wn is badly in¬
fested whh ants find their hills or work-

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
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JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

-BUDS!—

PEACH. APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready .1 uly 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Box 39, Berlin, Md.

DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and

A I _ . ..II . • d A a V / 1 ... n /\4 ♦ bn »»nci 1 \ ,1 v. r. 4..1, nr. * . - K . — .

Peach and Apple Carriers

If you have Peaches , Apples , Tomatoes , or

other Truck, send for our Catalogue and Price Lis-t

SOUTH SIDE MFG. CO., Petersburg, Va.

CRIMSON GLOVER

price of seed on request.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
able also for early green food,
grazing and hay crop. Special
circular free, also sample and

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

9H nnn ^ Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to
■ » U V wU bear and yield results; also a full assortment of Peach, Pear, Cherry, Plum and Quince trees
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lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
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THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn.

TREES

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HAIRY VETCH

-Is easy to ’ catch ’ on light or heavy land. Better
than Cow Peas or Crimson Clover for the North
> etch grows where these and other legumes fail.
... , o • A hardy, rapid growing cover crop which can be

sown any time from early Spring until early Fail. Makes the finestHay orearly Pasture Thrives on heavy
brick clay. Valuable for the farmer, fruit grower, poultryman and beekeeper. Clean seed, of our own grow¬
ing, 15 lbs., sufficient to sow one acre for seed, $2; 30 lbs. for $3.50: 1 bu.,-60 lbs., $6; 2bu.,$10: 6 hu., $25. f.o.h.

The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL Dansville, N. Y.

Grown STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out in August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. O.ltli Year.

ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

601

TROUBLE WITH STRAWBERRIES.
What Caused the Failute?

Our ground is high, sandy loam, a little in¬
clined to hold moisture late. We set nearly
three acres of strawberries in Spring of 1904
in narrow row ; fertilized with hone and ashes
and with complete fertilizer, in all 4,200
pounds; cultivated well and took out every
weed until freezing time. We mulched with
fresh hay on a large part, some of which blew
off during the Winter; in the Spring culti¬
vated once and put 40 pounds nitrate of soda
in two doses to the acre around the plants
and later some fertilizer. At the blossoming
and fruiting time the outlook was most prom¬
ising for a very large crop. From that time
)we had cold weather and much rain, and the
outlook did not seem to improve very much.
When picking time came our fruit was badly
rotted and soft, and the foliage on a part of
the plants seemed to curl their edge upwards.
Most of our plants came from a first-class
nursery, others from nearby, a part from
our own bed, having been run for 10 years.
Result about 25 per cent of a crop of large
but soft berries. Was it blight, too little or
too much fertilizer, or the fertilizer imper¬
fectly placed? To-day our beds are full of
weeds, large clumps of sorrel and grass,
which come from the first hay mulch. We
have laid out considerable money on the piece,
and wanted to run it another year, but hardly
know what to do, whether it would cost more
than it would be worth to pull the weeds.
What do you advise? Massachusetts.

So many various causes might have
produced the bad results that it is hard to
determine the reason. It looks like a
combination of too much fertilizer and too
much rain, producing excessive growth.
As to the weeds, that is a question for the
man himself to decide. It is quite certain
that the patch will not be worth much
next year unless they are taken out, but
it takes grit to tackle a weedy three-acre
patch. Old stable manure should have
been used as mulch, instead of fresh hay,
and the weeds would not have been so
troublesome. tiiomas r. hunt.

New Jersey.

I find it rather difficult to explain or give
cause for such results as your Massachu¬
setts inquirer states, but my opinion is
that over-stimulation of vine in connec¬
tion with the cold wet weather was the
cause of soft immature berries. I do
not believe in stimulating growth of vine
just before fruiting; this should be done
in the Fall previous to perfect fruit buds.
Hay is a bad mulch except salt-marsh
hay which has no weed §eeds. I mulch
heavily with horse manure from New
York City stables, and find but little
trouble from grass or weed seeds. 1 am
now clearing our old beds of weeds and
find that a spring-tooth cultivator passed
between the rows four or six times, then
pulling weeds in rows and drawing them
off, gives an opportunity to clean the rows
by plowing down the sides and using the
cultivator again. This takes much labor
and time, but less than required to grow
new beds, and some kinds of strawberries
produce better the second season, partic¬
ularly the Gandy. I carried over an acre
of Wm. Belt the third year that pro¬
duced a fine crop. I am now clearing

r ' - - - ■ -

Gandy for the third crop. Your inquirer
does not say what kinds of berries he
grew. Such kinds as Wm. Belt and Sam¬
ple ought to do well in his soil. Gandy
probably will not. WALTER F. taber.

New York.

I believe the use of nitrate of soda
upon strawberry plants to be injurious.
Too much nitrogen causes a thrifty leaf
growth at the expense of fruit. It might
be of some benefit possibly on poor soil,
but why grow strawberries on such soil
when better is available? If I had a
field such as “Massachusetts” describes I
should at once thoroughly clean out the
weeds, mow off the leaves, remove all
runners, thin the plants if growing too
thickly, keep the cultivator running till
cold weather sets in and growth ceases,
and then, if next season is favorable,
I should expect a paying crop. When
the ground freezes, about Thanksgiving
time, apply two or three cords of well
rotted stable manure per acre, covering
rather lightly. Use no other fertilizer.
If possible I should have the plants in
the rows stand a little higher than the
paths, so that a sudden freeze after a
thaw would not coat the plants with ice,
as happened in some cases last Winter,
killing them. h. h. boardman.

Connecticut.

Fourteen years’ experience in straw¬
berry culture shows the best plan is to
follow nature as nearly as possible, and
keep a firm soil underneath the straw¬
berry. It requires a firm soil to grow in
and do its best. Avoid the rank heavy
growth that causes the berries to mold
taining a good firm soil underneath ; it is
the rank heavy foliage and vigorous
growth that causes the berries to mould
and rot on the vines before they are
ripe. When once you set out a good
profitable sort keep it in the same field or
beds year after year by building up after
fruiting; in this way you can keep the
soil underneath firm, and grow large and
successful crops each season from the
same beds without plowing or resetting
plants and at very little expense. Our
most successful crops are grown each sea¬
son from built-up beds; for 10 seasons we
have built up some of our beds. As soon
as the plants are through fruiting we start
to cut out all plants in the matted rows
except one in .the original straight rows
about every six inches. We cut or de¬
stroy plants with a good sharp hoe about
July 20. The plants left in the rows
start to send out good strong runners,
and fill the entire rows again with all
young, strong vigorous plants. Just be¬
fore cold weather sets in we place our
•nulch, good rotted stable manure, as a
irotection as well as to enrich the soil
.‘or next season’s crops. Our best crop the
past two seasons was from single plants
set out in August on a hardpan clay soil
that has not been plowed in 15 years.
I'his has proved to me that strawberry
plants need a good firm soil to grow and
give the best results. My theory to-day is
that we can grow an enormous crop of
strawberries on a good firm soil with very
littl manure in the first plowing; manure
heavily on top of the soil as mulch ; this
is my method. t. c. kevitt.

New Jersey.

brand coverr a complete line of tools. In buying any kind of tool j ust
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Trado Mark Registered.

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Buy now
Pay when
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16 5

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THE MAPES COMPLETE MANURES

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like powdered window glass.” They have little plant food resources of their own. All has to be supplied in the fertilizer.

“With judicious use of the Mapes Manures, worn-out lands can be restored to fertility quicker and with
less expense than any other way.” — American Agriculturist.

Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing of Celery (over $11,500, 31 acres); also on Strawberries, Truck, Small
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detailed results with the Mapes Manures by D. C. Lewis, Cranbury, New Jersey, and others, in different sections of the country for

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WHEAT YIELD. — Over 550 bushels wheat from 14 acres. Mr. B. W. Rives, “Carnwarth,” New Hamburg, N. Y., President of the Dutchess
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consider that a fine yield, especially as I have a magnificent catcli of grass besides. I used the Mapes Complete Manure ”

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143 Liberty Street, New York.

602

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 12,

jlRuralisms [

Hopeful Gooseberry Hybrids. — Tlie
gooseberry lias never attained special pop¬
ularity in this country though it is one of
the most profitable and highly esteemed of
minor fruits abroad, particularly in the
northern portion of Great Britain. It is
scarcely thought of here as a dessert fruit,
and rarely appears in our markets except
in a rankly immature stage for conversion
into pies, tarts, acid jellies and conserves
Gooseberries were plentiful, if not highly
appreciated, in old gardens, but since the
cdvent of the European Currant worm
are not generally considered worth plant¬
ing for family use. Yet it is one of the
most delicious of fruits when well grown
and thoroughly ripened. The flavor of
some of our native kinds is most distinct
and agreeable, but they have not received
the cultural attention they deserve. Sev¬
eral new varieties have been introduced
within the last dozen years, but the for¬
eign type so strongly predominates in
them that they are not suited for general
culture. Triumph or Columbus and Josse-
lyn have proved most reliable, but they
must be grown in partial shade in this lo¬
cality, as the foliage will not endure our
hot sun. Industry, Keepsake and White¬
smith are most successful of the imported
kinds, but have the additional drawback
of being more or less subject to mildew.
All the above bear large fruits, and are
exceedingly productive when their cultural
requirements are fully satisfied, but on the
whole give little satisfaction on account of
their indifferent quality as grown here.

Native Kinds Best. — Houghton and
Downing are without doubt the most
widely grown and commercially successful
gooseberries cultivated in this country.
They are seedlings in the order named
from the little smooth-fruited wild goose¬
berry of the Eastern States, Ribes oxyacan-
thoides, but very likely owe their increased
size to accidental hybridization with some
of the large berried European kinds, plenti¬
fully cultivated at the time. Downing was
raised from seeds of Houghton, but is a
wide departure from the general run of
• seedlings of that highly popular variety.
Houghton and Downing would appear
promising sorts to breed from, but the
common experience appears to be that
whether self-pollinated, intercrossed or
hybridized with native or foreign garden
varieties, little merit is shown in their di¬
rect seedlings. We have fruited many
from year to year, but have failed to se¬
cure an)' marked improvement. By pol¬
linating. however, the best hybrid of
Houghton and a wild Ribes oxyacanthoides
with Triumph, as one of the most thor¬
oughly acclimatized forms of R. grossula-
ria, the long cultivated old-world goose¬
berry, we gained a distinct advance, and
some really hopeful new varieties have
come from again crossing the best of the
second generation hybrids with Josselyn,
formerly known as Red Jacket. Fig. 255,
page 599, is a somewhat reduced illustra¬
tion of one of the best of these latter seed¬
lings. The bush from which this branch
was cut is now five years old, and has
borne three immense crops, every branch
from base to tip being covered with ber¬
ries as shown in the cut. They ripen in
mid-July and hang a long time, the smaller
ones remaining green, but quickly growing
to full size and ripening as the larger ones
are removed. The size runs as large as
Downing, color dark red, juicy, sweet and
well flavored. Bush strong and upright in
growth, but branches droop from weight
of fruit. The foliage is large and glossy,
appearing entirely resistant to sun and
disease. Branches are numerous and quite
thorny. Does not appear to root well
from long outdoor cuttings, but propa¬
gates readily from short cuttings under
glass. This variety, as compared with our
best present standards, appears very
promising.

The Prickly Wild Gooseberry. — The
most abundant gooseberry of the Atlantic
States is probably the prickly- fruited Ribes
cynosbati. It is a stout shrub, very abund¬
ant in rocky woodlands, and bears the larg¬
est fruits of any of our wild species. The
berries are usually very prickly, though
smooth-fruited plants have been found.
They often reach half an inch in diameter,
and are dark reddish purple when ripe,

thick skinned, pulpy and generally well
flavored. Little has been done to intro¬
duce this promising type to cultivation.
One or two little-known, large-fruited va¬
rieties, Mountain from Lebanon, N. Y.,
and Crystal, which originated at Puyallup,
Wash., arc supposed to be hybrids between
this species and European kinds. Prof.
William Saunders, Ottawa, Canada, has
raised a number of hybrids of Cynosbati,
one of which, a cross between the native
kind and Red Warrington, a celebrated
English dessert gooseberry, is shown in
natural size in Fig. 253, page 598, together
with typical fruits of Cynosbati. We have
fruited this variety several . years, from
plants kindly furnished by Prof. Saunders,
and find it vigorous and productive. The
berries are too spiny for pleasant eating,
but are richly flavored. The most desira¬
ble of the Rural Grounds' many seedlings
of Cynosbati is shown in Fig. 252, also in
natural size. The prickles are so nearly
eliminated that they cause no inconveni¬
ence in handling or in eating the berries,
either fresh or cooked. The color is dark-
red, skin quite thin ; quality sweet and
high. The bush is strong and spreading
in growth, with heavy sun-proof foliage,
and is quite productive the third year from
seed. Two generations of crossing Tri¬
umph on the wild type were needed to re¬
duce the sharp spines to harmless hairs.
Some very large-fruited prickly kinds re¬
sembling Prof. Saunders’ variety in ap¬
pearance and quality were developed in
our breeding experiments, but are regard¬
ed as less useful than the single smooth
one. Wild plants of this species usually
have few thorns, and these placed singly
at the base of the leaves. The hybrids,
where the European sorts have been used,
are well covered with large thorns, but the
berries are so long stemmed that they are
very easily picked. Propagation, both by
cuttings and layers, appears quite certain
and easy. The berries of Cynosbati and
its varieties are late in ripening, and hang
longer than any other type we have grown,
thus extending the gooseberry season quite
to August.

Thf. Round-Leaved Gooseberry. — The
“Gooseberry currant” recently exploited
by nurserymen and figured in The R.
N.-Y. for September 27, 1902, appears to
be a tall-growing form of Ribes rotundi-
folium, a rather uncommon species native
to the higher parts of the Allegheny and
Catskill mountains. We have many hy¬
brids of both the typical, drooping, green-
fruited species and the dark-colored Goose¬
berry currant with various large-berried
kinds. These hybrids are the most aston¬
ishingly productive gooseberry plants we
have ever seen. The berries do not, in the
second generation, exceed half an inch in
diameter, but are smooth, thin-skinned,
mostly with a rich, agreeable flavor, and
have the smallest seeds of any goose¬
berries tested here. Thorns are few but
sharp, and the bushes grow quite slowly,
perhaps on account of the immense crops
borne every year. The foliage is small
but healthy, and appears never troubled
with insects. The value of this species for
breeding purposes is yet problematical, as
it is one of the smallest fruited in its wild
state.

The Prairie Gooseberry. — Ribes gracile
is the most abundant gooseberry of the
plains and Central States. It is a rather
tall and vigorous grower, with leathery
foliage that withstands the sun better than
other natives. It has attracted attention
at western experiment stations, and consid¬
erable work is being done, notably at the
Minnesota and South Dakota stations, to
fit it for cultivation. We have never been
able to get the typical species, but a first-
generation hybrid with a garden variety
was secured through the kindness of the
horticulturist of the Minnesota Station
several years ago. It is exceedingly vig¬
orous, making shoots four feet high, but
is almost sterile in this locality unless the
blooms are pollenized by hand. The ber¬
ries are half an inch through, blackish pur¬
ple with red pulp when ripe. Hybrids be¬
tween this variety. Keepsake. Carman and
Triumph fruited this season. They are
much alike, coloring greenish-bronze as
they ripen, with green pulp, thin-skinned,
smooth, juicy, sweet and pleasant. The
berries average as large as Houghton and
were freely borne, but the plants are yet
too young to judge of their productive¬
ness. The bushes are well set with stout
thorns, and are strong, upright growers,
with large, tough foliage. Considerable
modification will be needed to fit this type
for general cultivation, but It is not with¬
out hope, especially for the prairie dis¬
tricts. Quite oddly, typical fruits of R.
gracile were sent us last Summer by a
Connecticut correspondent, who said he
picked them from a wild bush growing in
a nearby swamp. It is within the bounds
of possibility that the gooseberry species
above enumerated and other promising
forms in the Northwest may give rise un¬
der systematic breeding to varieties that
will nut this desirable fruit in its proper
place in garden culture. w. v. F.

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1

1905.

Hope Farm Notes

Drought Broken. — For days the sun
blazed down, until the crop situation seemed
hopeless. Potatoes were turning brown, apples
were falling, corn was drying up, and nothing
grew but weeds. Then the clouds began to
gather, only to be blown apart again, until
finally on Friday night they did manage to
squeeze out a little shower. There was an¬
other on Saturday, which made mud on the
light soil, but barely got. down into the hard
soil on the hills. Late Saturday night we
were all awakened by a tremendous downpour.
The rain seemed to be coming down in
buckets. As I went around in the dark clos¬
ing the windows it was pleasant to think that
the soil was drinking its fill at last. The
flood kept up for an hour, and then followed
a slow, gentle rain that got ’way down to the
roots of things. Sunday came clear, and in
the afternoon Merrill and 1 took our usual
walk to look at the trees. We walked into a
soaking shower, and were obliged to crawl
under a broken shed for shelter. This shed
has broken down at one end, while the other
rests against a tree. We crawled under one
end and watched the flood outside. It held us
for over an hour, and then while the rain
stopped for breath we ran over to the house —
quite dry — to ask if it had been raining ! The
rain was too late to save some crops. The
early planted potatoes are badly hurt. They
were forming tubers when the drought came
on. They must have water at that time, and
when they find the soil as dry as powder their
hopes explode. Many fields of such potatoes
have turned brown or dark yellow. While
this rain may revive them somewhat, they
cannot make a full crop. Our own potatoes
were planted late, and had hardly begun to
make tubers. This rain hits them just right,
and I am now hopeful for a crop. The grass
quickly shows the effect of the rain, and even
though the millet has headed out it seems to
shoot up a little. That rain was a great
blessing. Many wells were low. We have no
trouble of that sort, as our drilled well is 140
feet deep. Old drought never gets down that
deep.

Fruit Notes. — The dry weather caused a
great drop of fruit. In some places near us
at least two-thirds of the apples fell when not
more than half grown. We lost some of the
early fruit in this way, but the Baldwins and
Greenings have hung on remarkably well.
Our crop is light. This is the “off year” and
while the bloom was fair the young fruit did
not “set” well. Our peach crop is just about
a failure, although more lhan we have ever
had before. The Baldwin orchard lias been
used as a pasture for horses and cow. The
Greening orchard was cut for hay. but as
soon as the hay was taken off a good dressing
of fertilizer was scattered on the grass. I.ast
year we had hogs running in the early apple
orchard near the house, and the windfalls
were eaten as they fell. We have not had
the hogs tliis year, and many of the apples
have been left to rot on the ground. Those
on the lawn and around the house were picked
up and used as a mulch around young trees.
They were mostly sweet apples which have
little value. They fail from old trees which
were growing on the farm when I came.
There has been a good market for early apples
thus far. Even windfalls have brought fair
prices. I do not like to ship a windfall apple,
for it seems as if the bruise on the apple is
sure to bruise your reputation. This year,
however, there has been a demand for them.

I suppose they are cut up and made Into pies
and sauce. Even sweet apples have sold at
paying prices, an unusual thing with us The
best way to convert a man In favor of a low¬
headed tree is to get him to pick from one
of our old-fashioned high-heads ! in some
cases the best apples are fully (10 feet from
the ground. The only way we can get some
of them is to send the smallest boy to the top
of the tree, where he can pick the fruit and
drop it down. When an apple falls from these
high trees it is badly pounded up. We have
lost many barrels of windfalls which would
have been very salable had they fallen 10 feet
instead of 40 or more. No more high heads
for me. It is hard to get people to realize
that apples should be handled like eggs. One
of my neighbors told ills boy to pick the
apples into a basket and then pour them gen¬
tly into a barrel. The boy put the barrel
under the ladder, picked his basket full and
then stood on the ladder and poured into the
barrel, at least 20 feet above it. Of course
with ordinary fruit that is to be sold at once
to pie bakers or restaurants it doesn't matter
so much, but it is folly to think of handling
first-class fruit in that way.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Cultivate ok Mulch. — George T. I’owell
gives the mulch method of growing trees a
hard blow on page 598. My experience is
somewhat different. I really haven’t any
fields in what Mr. Powell would call thorough
cultivation, so I cannot make a fair compar¬
ison. The best of my young peach trees have
made 3% feet or more of growth thus far this
season, and the best of the apple trees over
two feet. These trees have not been fertilized
at all. Weeds, trash, manure or straw have
been piled around them. The grass has been
mowed once in some cases and twice in
others. The soil is naturally dry and hard.
Some of the other trees do not look so well.

Many of them were badly frostbitten last \\ in¬
ter and the one before it. Thus far they have
grown from four inches to two feet, a fair
average being about 14 inches. In some cases
the foliage is not good, borers, dry weather
and scale being partly responsible. As a
whole, however, our trees compare well with
the cultivated trees in this section, and 1 feel
sure they have not cost half as much. 1 he
cultivated tree usually looks much better than
the mulched tree on the first of August. It
has been forced and stimulated through May,
June and July. Through August and Septem¬
ber efforts are made to “harden up” this quick
growth. As a rule my mulched trees make
their best growth through August and the
first half of September. My observation is
that they are certainly later In forming the
new wood than the cultivated trees. I have
often had trees which looked haggard enough
in late July recover so that they made a fine
showing by October 1. Even if we admit for
the sake of argument that constant cultiva¬
tion will make a better tree, there are still
other things to be considered. I would like
to have some advocate of thorough culture
get on my hin and figure with me what it
would cost to carry out his plans there. Then
let him compare the growth we now have
with the growth on his own trees and their
cost. I-Ie could pick out some places in our
orchards where no doubt results from his
methods would be ahead in spite of the in¬
creased cost. In other places I doubt it. We
cannot all do things alike. If you passed a
law prohibiting people from growing fruit un¬
less they gave “thorough cultivation” three
things would happen. Millions of acres of
excellent fruit land would be driven out of
business, there wouldn't be enough fruit to go
around, and a comparatively few strong, en¬
terprising men on well located soil would
have a monopoly of the business.

All Sorts. — The veterinarian says he
never saw anything just like the big bunch
on Bob’s shoulder. It is too low to be a
fistula, and too far back to be on the shoulder.

It doesn’t make much difference to poor Bob
what it is, as he stands witli his head tied
so he cannot reach the sore. The hot water
pack did not bring it to a head, so the vet¬
erinarian blistered it. Now we must heal it
up. It is hard to have horses thrown out of
commission In this way. . . . Part of the

old strawberry field was plowed and seeded to
yellow turnips. In former years we have
drilled and cultivated this turnip, but this
year we sowed Yellow Globe broadcast. We
find the yellow turnips handy. They can
often be sold at a fair price, I like to eat
them, and they are good for the stock. They
keep well. Another part of the old straw¬
berries will be carried over. First with plow
and then with hoe we clean out so as to leave
narrow strips of plants through the field. The
runners are kept down so as to fruit the old
plants. . . . August will be a busy month

with us. The rest of the early apples must
be picked and shipped, then the crab apples
and pears. Peach picking will not bother us
much this year, but borers must be killed
and some Summer spraying done. The gar
den crops are to be weeded, and the weeds
hauled to the orchards. The brush in our
roughest orchard is fo be cut, there are two
fields that ought to be drained, a fence that
should be built and other jobs that need at
tention. Not much time to play this year !

An Educated Butter Maker. — A young
man in Connecticut sends me these pertinent
questions :

“I am a young man, 30 years old, and
write requesting you to give me a little ad
vice, as 1 am thinking of taking a course in
butter making in some good college. Will
you let me know how many years’ study must
be given before a man who has had no prev¬
ious experience would lie able to take charge
of a creamery? About what would his tui
tlon be and expenses while learning? What
salaries are paid by creameries for No. 1 men
(butter makers) ? Is this a business that you
would advise a young man to take up for his
life work if he is ambitious and has had
thorough business training, but finds his pres
ent business uncongenial?” f. w. w.

Willimantic, Conn.

I never was a success as a teacher or as
butter maker. All 1 can give is general ad
vice. If I were in this young man's place I
would send to the agricultural colleges of
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine
New York, Wisconsin and Michigan, and ask
about the course in dairying. That is the
best way I can think of to learn how long it
will take and what such a job is worth. Ilav
ing picked out my college, I would try the
“short course” this Winter. Most of these
colleges give a Winter course of 10 weeks
If you studied hard for 10 weeks you could
not hope to learn all there is about butter
making, but you would know whether you
thought it worth while to go on and try to
find out part of it. As for taking butter
making as a llfework, I do not know about
that. I am frank to say that it wouldn
suit me. It depends upon a man’s taste for
things. I can imagine a butter maker feelin
as much pride and power in one of his golden
lumps as a poet would in some strong poem

certain thing for a "life work” because it will
give them a soft job. Butter making is a soft
job, in one sense, but a mighty hard one in
another. It takes brains to steer a mass of
cream so that it will end in firm, sweet but¬
ter, and not in a lump of grease. Years ago
it was held that such work as butter makiug
was not dignified enough to be analyzed and
classified so as to become a regular part of
“education.” Now we know better, and so if
I expected to be a butter maker I would study
the science of it at some college. The advan¬
tage of the college training over the practical
education in a creamery is that the former
teaches a man to ask “Why?” This everlast¬
ing asking of “why?” can either drive a man
crazy or give him tin* answer that lifts him
tip above his fellows. While butter making
wouldn’t suit me, any more than banking or
law or life behind a dry goods counter, I real¬
ize that it would be an excellent opening for
a man who can see the possibilities in cream.
We need good butter, and there is a great
future in the trade. If a man is to touch it
at all be should expect to raise that trade to
a profession. Y’ou see one man cannot well
advise another about nicking up a life work.
Most men are obliged to take what life offers,
and make the best of it. Where a man is sit-
uated so that he can really choose for himself
he should never decide on any half investiga
lion, and never touch anything that does not
command his entire respect. H. w. C.

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So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

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THE EVER-READY

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Profit, and known far and wide as “ The Ideal Power for the Modem Farm. Quick, power¬
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STODDARD MFG. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

When writing, ask for Catalog EH.

Don’t think

that all gasoline
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expensive.

Some of them
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are so simple in construction, and so safe in operation that any
one can use them. They are so economical in first cost and in
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pumping water, sawing wood, husking, shredding, grinding feed, separa¬
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15 H. P. Call on the International Dealer and let him show you how
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their use on the farm.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. OF AMERICA,

(INCORPORATED.)

7 Monroe Street, Chicago.

ENGINES

6o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 12,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, | ,

Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, (Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2 04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 Mi marks, or 10 % francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned bv the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 12, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The State Superintendent of Education for Mississippi
is reported to have made the following remark:

We have relied too much on the potency of our blood and
have given too little consideration to training as a factor in
the work.

\ou never can tell what a man really says from
printed reports, but even if the Superintendent deny the
statement it would still stand for a great truth. Many
a man has wasted useful energies in dreaming about the
great deeds of his grandfather. He should be a happy
man whose parents were ordinary faithful citizens who
never did anything remarkable. The pioneers who con¬
quer a wilderness may bring ruin to their children by
giving them too much to brag about and too little to do.

1 he things that help make success are training, hard
labor and bulldog courage. “Blood” may bring the
latter, but the other qualities must be worked in from
the outside.

★

According to the official figures this country exported
during the year ending June 30 goods valued at $1,515,-
000,000. In the same period we imported, chiefly from
Europe, goods valued at $1,115,000,000. This apparently
leaves a balance in favor of this country of $400,000,000.
It has been asked how long Europe can stand the drain.
As a matter of fact there is no drain of money from
Europe — in fact the drain is the other way. Nearly all
exports and imports are carried in foreign vessels, and
the freight is paid to foreigners. It is also estimated
that American tourists spend nearly $000,000,000 in
Europe every year. The money taken away by Ameri¬
cans and spent in London, Paris and other cities more
than wipes out the balance cfeated by American farmers
by the sale of cotton, provisions and breadstuff's. We
have heard men call farmers unpatriotic when they
expressed a desire to buy goods in the cheapest market
in order to avoid the monopoly of a trust. Yet these
same men will spend thousands in Europe, chiefly for
pleasure, when the money was needed to furnish labor
for Americans.

*

The outbreak of yellow fever in New Orleans comes
as a most unwelcome reminder that science has not
yet conquered this dread disease, though much light
has been shed on its mode of propagation. It is now
generally agreed that the infection is carried by certain
species of mosquitoes, abundant in warm countries, and
is not conveyed through the air or by contact with
soiled garments and similar materials. The disease does
not appear to originate with the mosquitoes, as they are
quite harmless until they have bitten and drawn blood
from some human sick with yellow fever. The germs
multiply in the body of the mosquito without apparently
harming it, and after a short period of incubation are
capable of inoculating the persons next bitten if they
are susceptible to the disease. The only effective
methods of controlling yellow fever seem to be the
destruction as far as possible of all mosquitoes during
an epidemic, and the screening and guarding of patients
sick with the disease from mosquitoes so infection is
reduced to its lowest limits. When yellow fever is once

recognized the danger of dissemination is practically
over if effective means are taken to prevent its spread.
Little progress has been made in the treatment of the
actual disease. The mortality still remains fully 10 per
cent, but recovery carries with it almost certain im¬
munity for a long time from subsequent attacks. The
recognition of the nature of the infection and its mode
of dissemination is a long step toward its control, and it
is not likely that the terrible epidemics of the past will
be repeated if the local health authorities in infected
places exert their full powers. It is more than possible
that the outbreak in Louisiana will be in full control by
the next issue of The R. N.-Y.

*

Three years ago an Austrian came to this country
and spent some time studying fruit growing— especially
apple culture. We saw him on his way home. We
expected that the immense planting of apples which he
had seen must have convinced him that America is, in
the near future, to supply Europe with apples. To our
surprise he said lie should plant a large orchard at once,
as he felt sure that America would never monopolize the
European market. Events are turning out as he pre¬
dicted. Germany will levy a tariff of $2.38 per barrel
on American apples, while fruit from Austria and other
European countries will be admitted for half that sum.
During the year ending June 30 there was a loss of
over $800,000 in our exports of fruits to Germany as
compared with the previous year. Our Austrian friend
not only saw our apple orchards, but he also saw that
the high tariff on sugar would, in time, force Germany
to close her markets to American food stuffs. The
American tariff on beet sugar is of no benefit to 99 per
cent of American farmers. Its effect is a direct injury
to them, since it forces the Germans to seek other mar¬
kets where mutual trade is fair, or else to curtail the
area in sugar beets and devote it to producing things
which American farmers have to sell.

*

From Maine to Manila the wire fence question is
stirring up the farmers: Here is a sample letter from
Texas :

The fence is the highest tax on my farm, as I have to
renew my barb wire about every three to four years; on
account of the had quality of wire and the vicinity of the
Gulf of Mexico and salt air, it rusts so quickly. A few
months after the wire is put up the barbs begin to rust, and
gradually the rust spreads over to the smooth wire where
the barb is fastened, and so the whole wire is rusted and
breaks. 1 think that a manufacturer who would guarantee
his fence wire for a certain length of time and advertise
it would do a great business. h. j, k

No doubt about it, such a manufacturer would be
swamped by orders. Is such a thing possible? All a
man would need to do would be to manufacture just
such wire as was sold 12 to 15 years ago. That would
fill the bill as similar wire did in the old days. Several
steps must be taken to make sure of such wire. We
must know what it is made of and what the difference
is between good and bad wire. Knowing this there
must be some standard and test, so that when we buy
wire we can be sure that we get what we pay for. This
is the form of protection the Government gives us in
buying fertilizers and feeds, and the same protection is
needed on wire. Every man who buys a pound of wire
should ask for a chemist’s guarantee, and keep talking
and writing about this need.

*

The letter from Senator T. C. Platt which we printed
last February has become famous. We asked Senator
Platt how he stood on the subject of parcels post. Ide
said he had never given the subject serious considera¬
tion. Greater matters absorbed his attention. He was
inclined to wait and see which side had the majority.
Then he said :

“Very likely, sometime— perhaps after 1 am dead—
this subject may be one for thorough consideration.”

There were those who interpreted this to mean that
Senator Platt will not permit a bill for parcels post to
get through the Senate. We accepted it as a desire to
learn what farmers and others wanted. They have told
the Senator in no uncertain terms. Fred Grundy in
Farm and Fireside seems to state the conclusion of the
majority :

I am safe in saying that there will be no parcels-post leg¬
islation get through the Senate as it is now constituted. If
any of the younger and more modern members of that body
should so far defy the express companies’ lobbyists as to
offer any measure tending in that direction. Senator Piatt,
the president of one of the express companies, is there to
squelch him with “a point of order.” The only means by
which such legislation can be had is by the forcible retir¬
ing of all the old fossils and barnacles who are there to pre¬
vent action along that line.

We do not take any such gloomy view. The farmers
have “a point of order” right at the end of their pen
that will put new blood into those “barnacles.” Some
men respond to the gentle blistering of postage stamps —
others need a stab with the pen. The Hon. Thomas C.
Platt of Washington, New York, Highland Falls or
Owego needs the latter!

THE CASE OF DR. MOORE.

Dr. George T. Moore of the Department of Agri¬
culture invented or devised a simple method of handling
the bacteria used for inoculating soils. Briefly stated,
his method is to dry the bacteria in cotton, seal air¬
tight, and send with the proper food for feeding them.
Scientists have for years tried to find a simple way of
carrying these bacteria from laboratory to field. There
are great possibilities in Dr. Moore’s discovery, though
its true value has not yet been demonstrated. Instead
of taking out a patent for himself Dr. Moore turned all
rights over to the Government — or the public. This
was a patriotic thing to do, and Dr. Moore undoubtedly
gave away a fortune. In exchange he had the chance
to rank among the world’s great scientists. Had he
gone modestly and silently at work fully to demonstrate
the practical value of his discovery the truest honor
which comes to a scientific man would have been his.
Instead of this, long before the real value of “soil inoc¬
ulation’ was settled, the most extravagant stories began
to appear in the magazines and papers. It was hard to
understand why Dr. Moore permitted these wild stories
to appear without a word of rebuke. We assumed that
the Department was responsible — its love of display and
advertising being well known. J here was another
reason.

Last year a company was organized to sell this bac¬
teria. '1 his concern coined the name “nitro-culture.”

1 hey obtained bacteria from Dr. Moore, and, as now
appears, offered him a position with them, and gave him
some shares of stock. These shares were held in his
wife’s name until he finally decided not to take the
position. In the meantime he sent large quantities of
bacteria to this concern— though hundreds of farmers
were asking for samples and being refused. Applicants
were referred to this commercial house, which charged
$2 for what the Government had given away. It was
while Dr. Moore was considering this offer and holding
the stock of this company that the great booming of
nitro-culture was going on. 1 hese facts were put
before President Roosevelt. As a result Dr. Moore
was permitted to resign.

Dr. Moore is an able and useful man. He was doing
good work in the Department, but under the circum¬
stances he could not honorably remain. Once let it be
known that the Government scientists are taking “graft”
like common politicians and the true value of the De¬
partment is ruined. 1 o us Dr. Aloore is largelv the
victim of a system which, if it be not rooted out, will
destroy the Department. This system has two main
roots self-advertising and ‘ graft. 1 he various bureaus
seem to be expected to “make a showing”— that is, do
something which may be paraded before the public in
a spectacular manner. We hear little about the quiet,
patient work of the true scientists which has real value.

'I his “nitro-culture” experiment has been a show piece
for the Department. It appealed to the imagination,
and interested the magazine readers and others who
take little interest in the practical side of farming. As
a scientist Dr. Moore ought to have protested against
this form of advertising. He knew that the stories were
misleading, and that there is no sure thing about his
method. Instead of stopping it he weakly submitted,
and even helped it on, thus giving strength to the infer¬
ence that he was using his official position to help a
company in which he was interested. By doing so Dr.
Moore threw away his chance to rank as a great scientist.

We do not blame Dr. Moore for this as we do those
who set him the example. These are the officials of the
Department. We are told that Dr. Galloway, head of
the Bureau of Plant Breeding, knew that Dr. Moore
had been offered the position. In fact, he had Dr.
Moore’s resignation in December. In spite of this he
was quite willing to have Dr. Moore remain and boom
nitro-culture” — though it all meant business for a
private concern. Secretary Wilson too is responsible.
An appropriation was wanted from Congress. These
misleading articles in the magazines and great papers,
praising the Department’s work, were needed to make
Congress give nearly $6,000,000 to “agriculture.” It was
right that Dr. Aloore should go. No man who occupies
a public position has any right to dream of “graft.” We
are sorry that an able man should have fallen a victim
to a dangerous and vicious system.

BREVITIES.

A THING may be good and yet not good enough.

Short apple crop — is the report from everywhere.

Who expects a teacher’s children to be best educated or a
minister’s to be best behaved.?

The experiment stations of Illinois (Urbana) and Wiscon¬
sin (Madison) have issued excellent bulletins on silo building.

In 10 Eastern States 11,733 automobiles have been regis¬
tered, 9,750 gasoline. 576 electric and 1.407 steam. At”an
average cost of $3,000 we have nearly $300,000,000 Invested.

J. H. Hale's report is: “Ten times as many borers in
peach trees in rough ground where we are grubbing around
the trees as there are where we are giving clean culture on
similar lands.”

1G05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

6o5

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.— A dispatch from Helena, Mout., July 26,
says that 2,500 head of sheep, belonging to John McLaren,
of Havre, Mont., have been seized by the Canadian Mounted
Police and are held for double duty. McLaren sailed from
New York for Europe recently, but is being represented
by his brother. The duty amounts to $3,100. Owing to
better range conditions across the line, the sheepmen, it is
presumed, have let stock stray beyond the international
border. The police, learning of this, have increased their
force and are preparing to make further seizures. . . .
Colonel J. M. Guffey, the Pennsylvania Democratic State
leader, has associated himself with A. W., It. It. and W.
L. Mellon, Pittsburg bankers, and the Cudahy interests, of
Omaha, all of whom are interested in the Kansas and Texas
oil fields, for the purpose of waging war against the Stand¬
ard Oil Company through Kansas and the oil fields of the
Southwest. According to George L. Craig, for many years
associated with Colonel Guffey, plans have been completed
and an amalgamation of a dozen or more small producers
in Kansas and Texas, with a total amount of 10,000 barrels
of oil a day at the present time, has been perfected. The
united interests propose to erect at the earliest possible
time an immense pipe line which will connect the Kansas
oil field with the Gulf, also reaching the Texas field. The
proposed pipe line will be 650 miles long. The Union Trust
Company, of Pittsburg, will float a bond issue of $7,000,000
for the new concern. . . . Up to July 25 the list of
deaths resulting from Fourth of July accidents throughout
the country had increased to 117, many being due to tet¬
anus. . . . Mr. Coldwell of the Caldwell Lawn Mower
Company, an inventor of note, died at his home in New¬
burgh July 29. He was born in Stalybridge, England, in
1838, and came to America when a lad. He had an apti¬
tude for mechanics. He was a pioneer in the manufacture
of lawn mowers and the development of the modern lawn
mower was due to his inventions. Tlis latest invention was
a motor lawn mower. Mr. Coldwell is survived by a wife
and three children, William H. Coldwell, Mrs. E.' C. Ross
and Harry T. Coldwell. . . . During a terrible thunder¬
storm July 30 six persons were killed and 20 or more hurt
at Coney Island and Gravesend, L. I. Five of the victims
were killed by a bolt which struck the great flagpole at the
Parkway Paths on the beach at Ocean Parkway, at the
base of which were more than two hundred persons had
taken spelter under the boardwalk. A dozen or more were
injured by the same bolt. A mile and a half from the baths
in the direction of Gravesend the lightning at almost the
same instant hit a trolley car, throwing three passengers
out and giving many others a slight shock. At Gravesend,
three miles from Coney Island, what seemed to be the same
discharge struck a cedar tree under which a number of per¬
sons had taken refuge. One was killed and two injured.
On this date electric storms visited the Atlantic coast from
the Virginia capes to Maine, and considerable property loss
resulted. . . . In a flood caused by the collapse of Ward’s
mill dam at the Easton reservoir, north of Bridgeport,
Conn.. July 30, two lives were lost, fifty people were res¬
cued from drowning, three houses with their sleeping occu¬
pants were swept from their foundations and carried down
the stream, bridges and vessels were wrecked and great
damage was done. . . . Three men were killed and ten
injured in a riot between American and Italian coal dig¬
gers at Giatto, W. Ya.. July 31. Two weeks ago the racial
>rejudiee went beyond bounds and several persons were
njured. Three young Italian diggers were shot and killed,
while those wounded with pistol and dirk number ten. sev¬
eral of whom are in a critical condition. . . . State At¬
torney-General Mayer of New York, has sued the Equitable
Life Insurance Company and its directors to compel restitu¬
tion of moneys “wrongfully acquired, lost or wasted,” and
tile application of the surplus for the benefit of policy¬
holders. . . . The yellow fever record at New Orleans
July 31 was 21 new cases and five deaths; August 1 six
deaths and 42 new cases. Despite the precautions and tin*
military guards on the Louisiana and coast lines, the Mis¬
sissippi towns are quarantining against each others on
rumors or even whispers. Meridian, which is probably the
largest city in the State, has still further tightened its quar¬
antine. New Orleans is totally quarantined: no person
from any other place is permitted to enter the town with¬
out a health certificate duly sworn to before a doctor and
notary. All freight cars must be fumigated and screened, to
shut out mosquitoes. A curfew law has beeen passed, clos¬
ing all places of business at 8 o’clock. Anvone abroad
after that hour is subject to arrest and imprisonment, and
the police force has been increased and partly mounted for
the purpose of arresting night prowlers and lawbreakers.
Yet Meridian is liberal compared with some other Mis¬
sissippi towns. Greenville has joined Jackson, Natchez,
Laurel and other cities in hermetically sealing itself against
all outsiders. Steamboats are driven away from its wharves
and all the roads to the town are guarded and no one al¬
lowed to enter. Gov. Vardanian was asked to allow the
Greenville Guards, a State militia organization, to supple¬
ment the volunteer forces now on duty. Birmingham, Ala.,
has dismissed its entire quarantine force, finding that they
were grafters and that refugees broke through the line on
payment of money. Montgomery, Ala., is issuing offers of
$100 reward for refugees who dodged the quarantine. In
consequence of the quarantines there is no travel between
the several Southwestern States, and the detention camps
established by the United States Marine Hospital Service
are proving of little value. All farmers' institutes Confed¬
erate reunions and other conventions in Mississippi and
Louisiana have been called off until after the fever, and all
intertown baseball games have been prohibited. Nearly all
the Mississippi and Louisiana towns quarantine against
fruit, the only exception being made in favor of the lemon.
The banana, on the contrary, is viewed with the greatest
suspicion as coming from a yellow fever country, and near¬
ly all the quarantine proclamations specifically prohibit its
introduction under any conditions.

ADMINISTRATION. — Dr. George ’I1. Moore, physiologist
and a Igologist of the Department of . Agriculture handed in
iiis resignation July 29 to Secretary Wilson. This action
was the result of a hearing at the Department at
which it was alleged by representatives of an agricultural
publication that Dr. Moore’s wife held stock in a company
manufacturing a culture for sol! inoculation while the doc¬
tor, who had charge of the comparison and revision of bul¬
letins relating to the enrichment of farm lands, directed
farmers to the concern in question for their supplies of the
culture. Allegations of “graft” in the Weather Bureau
and Bureau of. Animal Industry are also under inves¬
tigation. Mr. Wilson had a long conference with Dr. D. E.
Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, relative
to the allegations as to contracts for printing labels pasted
on meat for export. Dr. Salmon was directed to make a
careful inquiry into the matter. When the attention of
IVrtf. W ill is Ij. Moore, chief of the Wcnthor Bureau, wns
called to the statement That the service maintains an annex
in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which is used by officials and
their families as a resort during the heated term, he said:

The Mount Weather Observatory has been authorized by
the laws of Congress for live years. The 90 acres compos-
Ing the fracr and the seven buildings cost the Government
°nlv 860,000, which I consider a very moderate figure. It is
the only place in the weather bureau service devoted exclu¬
sively to purely scientific investigation and has already
proved to be of she greatest value to the service, its worth
having increased from year to year.”

N. Y. FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION. — This society
will meet at Penn Yan August 16-17. On the first day the
following programme will bo ryven : Address of wolcomo. TTon.

J. Iluson. I’enn Yan: response bv the President T B Wil¬
son. Hall’s Corners: The Use of Riant Food by Bearing Fruit
Trees Dr. W. II. Jordan, Director State Experiment Station,
Geneva : The Marketing of Fruit. William N. Wise, grape
dealer ana shipper, Penn Yan : Troubles of Apples in Storage.
Harry J. Eustace, Assistant Botanist. State Experiment
Station, Geneva : Some Grape Problems, Prof. U. P. Hedrick
Professor of Horticulture. Michigan Agricultural College-
Something on Apple Culture and Methods in New Yo|rk

State, Prof. S. A. Beach, Horticulturist State Experiment
Station. Geneva ; Some Grape Pests, .Tay J. Barden, State
Inspector, Stanley; Pollen with Reference to the Grape, N.
o. Booth, Assistant Horticulturist, State Experiment Station,
Geneva; Vineyard Fertilization, G. G. Lansing, sales man¬
ager, Niagara Grape Market Co., Lockport ; Recent Foliage
Troubles, Percival J. Parrott, entomologist. State "Experi-
ment Station, Geneva ; Report of Special Committee on
“Plans for Marketing Fruit,” appointed at the Winter meet¬
ing in New York City, T. W. Campbell, Chairman, Brooklyn,
N. Y., Dr. W. II. Jordan, Geneva. The local committee has
arranged for an excursion on Keuka Lake on August 17.

IOWA LIGHTNING RODS.

I don’t think you could find a lightning rod in Marshall
Co., Iowa. They never think of putting up a rod on any
new building ; they have no faith in them. w. c. n. b.

Albion, Iowa.

Lightning rods are never used on new buildings by
farmers in this territory. The only ones in existence are
those on old buildings put up 20 or 25 years ago. I have
never heard of buildings so protected being struck, but this
shows nothing, as less than one per cent have them. In
talking with farmers on this subject the opinion seems to
be that while a rod of copper well-grounded would probably
be of some real aid, tliq expense is out of proportion to the
doubtful character of the protection. The farmers of this
section rely on insurance to protect them and the numerous
farmers’ mutual insurance companies are largely patronized
by them. ' j. H. e.

Boone, Iowa.

YEARLY INCOMES FROM FARMS.

I give you the production of my son’s farm of 190 acres,
lie keeps cows and sells but a small amount aside from his
milk. If he sells grain it all goes into some other feed,
and his profit nearly all comes from his cows. Milk sale
for the year 1904 is $1,958.82 ; calves, $58. total $2,016.82.
Hay put in barn 110 loads; corn silage in silo 170 or 180
tons; barley 325 bushels; oats 280 bushels; potatoes 150
bushels; apples 700 bushels, mostly fed cows; cherries 10
bushels; plums 5 bushels. Horses, five workers, three colts
young and old cows, 46. F, G

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

I have 195 acres of land, 50 acres of which are woodland.
I have also 70 acres of mountain land all in woods. Our
farming is decidedly mixed, as almost every one's is in this
section. We raise corn, wheat, oats, buckwheat, potatoes,
hay, etc., apples, pears, plums, peaches, quinces, grapes,
raspberries, cherries, strawberries, etc. ; also cattle, horses,
hogs, sheep, turkeys, chickens and honey. We also make
maple sugar and syrup. We have 12 acres in apples, also
considerable plums, peaches, pears and grapes. Some of
our stuff we have not made sale of as yet. I will just give
the amount we raised as near as I can : Wheat 234' bushels •
corn 300 bushels; hay 13 tons; pork sold $133; 4 yearlings
and 12 two-year old cattle to he sold yet. Two calves
$i5 ; chickens and eggs $80; butter $20; one horse $65;
apples $150, an off year here; plums $25; pears $10;
peaches $5; lambs and wool $80; potatoes 100 bushels;
maple sugar and syrup $45 ; tomatoes $0. The figures
given are the amounts sold except wheat, corn, hay and
cattle, which is the whole amount produced of these things.
There are six in the family, all grown but one. Last year
I sold more ; I sold tan bark and railroad ties and more
apples. These figures would probably be about a fair average.

West Virginia. c. s. s.

Our crops are hay, grain and fruit mainly. Most of the
Alfalfa is sold to sheep and cattle men, and fed here at
$4 to $5 per ton. Large quantities of Alfalfa not sold this
year are being baled and shipped to Portland for export,
Russia and Japan being in the market for same. The grain
is sold locally at $1.25 to $1.50 per hundred pounds. The
largest part of our prunes go to eastern markets, green,
shippers paying $14 to $15 per ton at packing house. It
costs about 62 cents per crate to Chicago. They were
marketed in all the large eastern cities last Fall, all the
shippers losing heavily. Our fancy apples, Jonathan and
Rome Beauty, are shipped east, well sorted and sized, and
packed in boxes, nothing but strictly first-class, high-grade
apples being shipped. We get from 75 to $1 per box here ;
freight about the same as prunes to Chicago per box
Almost all the fruit goes to auction houses. Our fancy
fruit can compete with eastern fruit and pay freight charges,
but what to do with our seconds' is a question. Prunes
average 20 to 25 pounds to crate, four baskets to crate
Apples about 60 pounds to box. Pears from Boise Valley
brought the highest auction price in New York market last
season. F H.

Roswell, Idaho. _

CROP PROSPECTS.

From reports received from seven different counties apples
in Wisconsin will not exceed one-third of a full crop. This
appears to be due in a large measure to the wet and cold
weather at blossoming time, although this is the “off” year
for apples in this State. fkedeiiic cua me field.

Wis. Ilort. Society.

It has been pretty dry here, but rain came last night and
most of to-day (July 30), so things will be all booming here
as soon as we have sunshine. We are having a very good
season here and prospect is pretty good for profitable re¬
turns. Apples and pears are fair, but not full crop ; peaches
a full crop. h. o. M,

Lunenburg, Mass.

Weather in this county is very wet. Hay very heavy,
especially clover; grain injured by too much moisture. Fruit
crop fairly good: much small fruit blown off by the great
blow recently. Roads in very bad shape since the State
makes the roads. Very few autos, but enough to make us
uncomfortable; all horses unsafe with them using same
roads. d. a. >r. a.

Madrid Springs. N. Y.

Replies from widely scattered localities indicate a crop of
apples of about 30 per cent. The old apple district in the
Northeast, long noted for its fine apples, only promises from
one to 10 per cent, one person in Jefferson County claiming
that his 600 Missouri Pippin trees will yield 25 per cent.
But the “newly discovered” apple country along the Arkan¬
sas River in the south-central part of the State will produce
a fine crop of from 50 to 100 per cent of clean, smooth, nice
apples. Many growers will ship 10,000 bushels; some 20,000,
and one says he will — conservatively speaking — ship over
75.000 bushels. Summer apples are plentiful in our home
markets, and are selling for good prices. Peaches are a
failure. Cherries from 10 to 50 per cent. Strawberries im¬
mense: other berries light. Weather conditions are fine.

Kanzc.3 iT'-irtf cultural Society. william h. barnes.

You hardly know how precious the good fine days are with
us this Summer; from the first of July till the' fourteenth
we had rain every day. I think it is the wettest Summer
in my recollection, and I am past 64 years of age. Farmers
are having a hard time in getting their hay made and wheat
cut: the wheat is damaged by rust and excessive wet weather
about. 10 per cent. Corn on dry land looks well, but most
of the crop is too much in the Weeds. I was glad that you
took up the wire fence question. Eleven years ago this Fall
I bought about 80 rods of fence, which cost me at that time
65 cents per rod. One 40-rod fence has to-day one single
wire that is nice and bright yet. the other nine wires are
so badly rusted that they will be worthless in a few years.
One stretch has not a single bright wire in it left and an¬
other stretch has three bright wires left. The farmers are
somewhat protected when they buy fertilizers but how are
they protected when they buy fence wire, where they pay
out millions of dollars annually? I am always glad to see
you fight the wrongs. Some people cannot buy their fence
cheap enough, but I think those who prefer that kind of a
fence may buy it and those who want, a better fence should
have it when willing to pay the difference. Farmers hardly
know what fence to buy without being swindled. p. h. b.

Seneca Co., Ohio.

The aptile crop in Michigan is very light indeed. At the
present time I cannot place it at more than 25 per cent of

a full crop, and as the fruit is still dropping badly, I fear
that not more than 15 per cent of a crop will be harvested.
The unsprayed orchards are in very bad condition, as al¬
though the season has been favorable for the growth of the
trees, the foliage lias been greatly injured by the Apple-scab
fungus, and where the trees were not sprayed previous to
the blossoming period very little fruit set, and that now
upon the trees is very scabby. In many sections there will
not be a barrel of No. 1 apples shipped this year where cars
have been sold in other seasons. The sprayed orchards are
making a much better showing, but even there the crop will
be very light, especially with Winter varieties. In most sec¬
tions the Duchess and Wealthy are making a good showing.

Mich. Agricultural College. l. r. taft.

In this State we are great readers. I believe Vermont
leads in newspaper subscriptions. There are no millionaires
here and next to no paupers. All seem to have plenty, and
I sometimes think that the people of New England take as
much comfort to the square inch as anywhere in the country.
Our Spring was cold, dry and backward, but in the past two
weeks we have had some hot weather and copious rain, and
now our prospect for hay is fine. But little grain is sown
here; it is corn as far as one can fertilize. After our
phenomenal apple crop of last year, when thousands of
bushels went to waste, we expected hardly a blossom, but
trees bloomed fairly well and prospect now is for some
apples, San Jos6 scale has not appeared here yet, too far
north, perhaps. Corn and potatoes are looking fine : straw¬
berries promise a big yield, a few just beginning to turn,
.Tune 20. so you can see the difference betweent here and
New York. C. w. J.

Windsorr Co., Vt. _

PROHIBITING USE OF COLORING MATTER
IN BUTTER.

The oleo man will try to compel dairymen to give up the
use of butter color. The effect of such a law is stated
by dealers.

We believe most of the creameries are using some coloring
at times, and it would be difficult for us to state what the
value of the butter would be without color. We hardly think
there is very much coloring used in the dairy.

Detroit, Mich. n. o. wilev.

All creamery we handle has more or less butter color in
it, and a large part of the better dairies. As a rule the
small farmers use very little. We would think it would
make considerable difference in the sale if the law was
passed prohibiting the use of butter color. We ourselves,
would much rather see the old oleomargarine law in effect
than to see this restriction put on creamery.

Peoria, Ill. kelson & finch.

The result of the anti-color law on butter would be dis¬
astrous to the butter interests, especially in the Fall, Win¬
ter and Spring. The Cleveland market especially requires
butter of a pretty good color, more so than New Y’ork City.
Light-colored butter is not easily distinguished from white
oleo, and there certainly can lie no objection raised to the
use of color in butter which in itself is a pure product.

Cleveland, O. f. c. chapman & co.

All creamery butter, also dairy-made for table use, coming
to this market is colored, except during grass season, when
it often has a natural, higher color than during dry-feeding
season colored. Ordinary dairy butter hardly colored is
sold to bakers only. The trade is accustomed to a uniform
color all the season through : therefore if coloring was cut
out it would prove very disastrous upop the value of all
the pure and genuine butter. telker & diinker.

We do not think the oleomargarine people can bring for¬
ward any very good reason why the dairymen should not
use some butter color in manufacturing their butter, as
in doing so, they do not deceive anyone, nor does it improve
the butter except to the eye. On the other hand, the oleo-
rnargerine peop^p use coloring to deceive the public. Their
object is to imitate and sell their goods for butter. You
ask what proportion of the butter we receive is colored.
At this season of the year there is very little coloring used
in butter, but in the Fall and Winter the majority of the
butter we handle is colored. As to what would be about
the value of butter if shipped without any color, we are
hardly prepared to answer. As you are no doubt aware,
there is very much less coloring matter used in the butter
that is shipped to the New York market now than there was
a few years ago. We think the trade all over the country
is asking for less coloring matter in butter than a few years
ago. Our trade here still demands a fair color.

Baltimore, Md. the Charles t. Matthews co.

Nearly all butter made, except during that portion of the
season when the grass feed is fresh, in the early Summer,
say from the middle of May to the middle of July, has color
used in it. ’I’lie butter made during the early Summer does
not require it. as the fresh pasturage gives it sufficient color,
simply to make the color about the same during those parts
of the year as it is in the early Summer. It is during the
early Summer that most of the butter is placed in cold stor¬
age, which does not find a market until during the Fall and
Winter, and if no color at all was used, the difference be¬
tween the storage butter and the fresli-made butter, during
the Fall and Winter, would be very distinct as to color,
and would without doubt make a great difference in the
marketing of the goods. It is difficult to say lust how much
less the uncolored butter made during the Fall and Winter
would sell for than if colored, but in our opinion it would
make a difference of from 10 to 25 per cent. Possibly the
trade might become educated to it in time, hut it would
cause a great deal of confusion, on account of the difference
in the shade of color of butter made at different seasons of
the year. a. h. barber & coi *

Chicago, Ill.

This is a threat that oleomargarine men have made before
I do not think there is very much in it. The manufacturers
are men of business, and have too much sense to go in on
spite work, which this would be. There are a lot of hare¬
brained people who would do anything to disturb condi¬
tions. Butter has been colored from time immemorial ;
color is looked upon as a necessary adjunct, and while
courts in many instances adhere to the literal internretation
of the law, yet in the majority of cases they take Into con¬
sideration what is the obvious intention of given legislation
and decide accordingly. It was provided by Congress that
oleomargarine should he taxed one-fourth cent per pound
provided it had no color, and 10 cents per pound if colored
in imitation of butter, but that the fraud (oleomargarine)
which had been foisted on the public and by it consumed
as butter, could only be sold when it was represented to be
butter, has been pretty clearly demonstrated by the enor¬
mous falling off in the consumption of white oleomargarine
Now, to get even (as presume they would call it) they are
endeavoring to apply the oleo color law and trying to prevent
the coloring of genuine butter, when as a matter of fact
it was intended by Congress that color should be the dis¬
tinct identification between rank fraud (oleomargarine) and
the pure article (butter). I think nothing of it and the
chances are very slim that our courts will lend themselves
to any such proposed work of spite. f. w brookman

St. Louis. Mo.

ONION CROP REPORT. — Returns received from our
correspondents in the leading onion growing districts indi¬
cate: New York — Orange County’s crop about on a par with
a year ago. In other sections much reseeding has been
done, crop will be late and about two thirds of last year
Ohio — -While wet weather has done considerable damage’, the
large increase in acreage will overcome that and leave the
State with a considerably larger crop than that of 1904
Indiana — Has suffered more by floods than any of the States
and it is doubtful if the crop will go much better than half
of last year. Michigan — Crop badly damaged by floods and
will hardly produce the crop of a year ago. Massachusetts
Connecticut and Rhode Island — The New England States re¬
port an increased acreage of 10 to 20 per cent: considerable
reseeding: crop late but looking well. Minnesota— Crop bad¬
ly damaged : loss running from 20 to 50 per cent. Wiscon¬
sin — I.oss about 25 per cent. Chicago District — Crop consid¬
erably below last year. jerome b. rice co.

6o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 12,

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

INCENSE.

Oh ! the bosom of the morning is an altar to
the Lord !

See the incense of its prayer spiring up the
early air !

Ail the moorland hearths are smoking up to
Heaven with one accord,

And the smell of new-lit peat
Rises sweet.

Hush ! the stillness of the darkness to the
silence of the light

Has been changing, and the peace scarcely
suffereth decrease.

As the sun above the little darling hills burns
into sight,

And the world wakes to obey
Simple day.

Under every roof a woman tends tlie hearth-
place on her knees —

Each a priestess of the white dawn of duties
after night —

Kindling home’s fire ere she passetli on to la¬
bor’s ministries,

And sets out the hallow-ed
Daily bread.

Every chimney is a censer in the chancel of
the sun,

Sending up the cloudy spice of Its humble
sacrifice,

Till the hour grows consecrated with the
myrrh of work begun,

While a lark drops down the calm
Morning psalm.

— May Doney, in London Spectator.

+

Some of the newest flower holders have
gone back to old shapes, and one of the
prettiest is an old-fashioned basket, with a
tall handle over the top, made of clear
crystal. Such baskets cost from $2.25 to
$3.50, according to size. This is a good
season to buy odd bits of fancy china,
either for personal use or to give away;
bargain tables, displaying articles at 15
to 25 cents, give a wide range of choice
in plates, cups and saucers, mayonnaise

dishes, little pitchers, etc.

*

The tropical heat of July brought out a
good many cases of prickly h£at. The
irritating misery of this ailment is greatly
soothed, according to a West Indian suf¬
ferer, by an application of burnt flour.
Stir the flour over the fire in a dry
saucepan until it becomes light brown,
then apply to the body through a bit of
muslin. It is said to be more effective
than talcum powder and similar remedies,
and has the advantage of being usually
at hand.

*

Bedroom sets of flowered cretonne in¬
clude a stand cover, edged with lace;
folding scrap basket and pillow, soiled
linen bag, folding work basket, and Wat¬
teau work bag, the latter being the shape
with hoops for handles. All these arti¬
cles may be bought separately, scrap bas-
et, pillow and stand cover costing 98
cents each, soiled linen hag 89 cents, work
basket 69 and work bag 49 cents. It is
often possible to buy remnants of cre¬
tonne cheap, which may be made into
these articles, costing much less.

*

Puffed rice is a new cereal now offered
for five cents a quart. Grains of rice are
exposed to a high degree of heat while
enclosed in a tight metal cylinder, which
practically cooks the grain in its own
steam, until they puff like popcorn, with¬
out, howevei, bursting the grain. The
grain is perfectly cooked, and as tender
as new bread. It is eaten with milk, like
any other ready-cooked cereal, and is also
recommended buttered and salted, then
crisped in the oven, like salted almonds,
or used like peanuts, in some brittle
candy.

*

Suspender belts made of Swiss em¬
broidery, edged with Valenciennes lace
consist of a straight belt, shoulder straps
and front bands ; price $1.25. This gives
quite an elaborate appearance to a plain
wash dress. Other suspender belts are
made in tailor style of linen or pique.
A pretty set noted was of ecru canvas

trimmed with bands of white linen and
little pearl buttons. Narrow bands of
embroidery are used for belts and stocks,
the stocks being finished at the top with
lace or a ruche. Sometimes these neck¬
bands are finished at the bottom with a
knife-pleated frill.

*

The following recipe for red water¬
melon preserve is highly recommended by
a correspondent of Good Housekeeping:
Dice the red portion of the melon, re¬
moving all seeds and every bit of the
white part; weigh and use half as much
sugar as you have melon, adding to every
six pounds of melon the juice and grated
yellow rinds of two lemons. Put all to¬
gether in a large granite kettle and boil
slowly, stirring often until it is quite
thick ; at first you will think it is all go¬
ing to water, but very soon you will no¬
tice it thicken nicely ; when it has be¬
come as thick as you like it, seal hot in
glass pint jars. It is described as a
beautiful red in color.

*

In working the popular eyelet embroid¬
ery, the large holes are cut out with the
scissors. The outline is run around with
needle and thread, and two intersecting
lines are cut through the center. The
corners formed by the cuts are rolled
back with the needle before the over-and-
over work is begun. It is not difficult to
draw patterns for this eyelet work, as it
consists of repetition of simple figures.
Very handsome white linen parasols are
made of this work, in addition to collars
and cuffs, hats, dresses and coats. The
lingerie hats are more elaborate than they
were last year, being usually trimmed
with flowers. Shirt-waist hats of plain
linen are made in a number of pretty
models, either white or colored ; they are
usually stiffened, as well as wired, having
the same firmness as Panama. They vary
in price from about $1 to $4.50, the cheap¬
est being of white duck. The shapes are
usually rather flat, with brims, that shade
the face. _

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

Some ladies drove over from Camden
to see me a while ago ; they wanted to
know if I would make them some black
currant jam. They were not many years
out from England, and had a taste for this
fruit that we do not appreciate enough,
for it is valuable for colds and bronchial
trouble, and all good housewives in the
mother country put up a quantity for this
purpose. One lady said her husband
didn’t think the jam they bought in the
city stores tasted like that his mother used
to make, and even allowing for a youthful
appetite, she thought she would like to
have some homemade, and had been re¬
ferred to me. They sent over the pots
and sugar, and I was to pick the currants
from the garden, and charge them market
prices, and be paid 10 cents a pot for my
trouble. Brother made me very grateful
by saying: “You can have all the black
currants that Minty doesn’t need. Charity,
for they really belong to you by rights.
You set them in when they were little cut¬
tings, and manage to keep them clean all
Summer.”

So I went to work with a will, and
aimed to make the conserve as good as
“Mother’s.” Three-quarters of a pound
of granulated sugar to a pound of the
fruit, and the sugar is heated in the oven
before being placed in the enameled ket¬
tle. It will cook sufficiently in 20 minutes,
and if the fruit is fresh and not over¬
ripe will form a jelly around each berry,
and retain the peculiar flavor that is char¬
acteristic of the black currant, and of no
other.

The only trouble I had while making it
up was from the arrival of unexpected
guests, and it does seem to me that we

country people are very long-suffering in
this respect. It is not a lack of hospital¬
ity, but the feeling that your time is never
your own, when your uncle’s daughter’s
family feel at liberty to drop in half an
hour before dinner or Tom’s sister and
her three children arrive at nine o’clock
in the morning to stay all day. Yet if a
country housewife should set a day to re¬
ceive her guests it would not be consid¬
ered kind or hospitable if she was not at
home the other days, and would be set
down to pride, instead of convenience
There are people in this neighborhood
who never have a Sunday to themselves;
in season and out of season visitors come
from the surrounding villages, and so
many of them think the same thought of
having a pleasure trip and dropping in to
dinner that it is not an unusual occurrence
for the family of six to become a crowded
table of 16 or 18.

“I tell you what it is, Charhy,” one
housewife said to me one day in confi¬
dence, “I sometimes pray that it will rain
on Saturday night late, and come down
hard on Sunday morning, for that is the
only chance for a quiet day with David
and the children.”

“Why not write your friends and set a
weekday for their visiting?”

“O, I couldn’t,” she answered, “folks
would think I was stuck up, or having a
party if many come.”

“Then,” I said, “you will have to abide
by present conditions, and no help for it,
being at the mercy of all your friends,
relatives and acquaintances.”

So when I went to make my jam I
found that all my preaching was no help
in my own case, for Amanda Grier came
from Rontunk and brought her two boys,
aud Mintv’s cousin Jemima landed in just
before dinner. But a happy thought came
to me, and I gave them aprons and set
them to stem the currants for me, which
was quite a help after all, though they
kept saying every now and then : “Isn’t
Charity a terror to set her visitors to
work?” But I told them that a change
of work and environment was really a
rest, and at any rate we managed to make
a very successful jam, that was said to
have the real English flavor, which was
quite a satisfaction to a native-born
American. charity sweetheart.

Cucumber Pickles.

I would like a recipe for plain extra sour
cucumber pickles, to be prepared for imme¬
diate use as freshly gathered from the vines,
and to keep in good condition through the
Winter. I have not had good luck preparing
them this way, as they soften and become
unfit for use in a short time. I do not know
the reason for this, and would lie thankful
for a good recipe to keep them solid and crisp.

J. J. J.

The following recipes are reprinted
from last year :

Sour Cucumber Pickles. — Dissolve one
pint of salt in one gallon of vinegar;
wash the cucumbers and pour over them
some boiling water, let stand five or ten
minutes, then pack closely in cans, pour
over the salted vinegar and seal. The
friend who sends this recipe says the
pickles are very crisp and nice, and will
keep as long as you will let them.

Gherkins. — Wipe one quart of small un¬
ripe cucumbers. Put in a stone crock and
add one-quarter cupful of salt dissolved in
one pint of boiling water. Let stand three
days. Drain cucumbers from brine, bring
the brine to the boiling point, pour over
the cucumbers, and again let stand three
days. Repeat ; drain, wipe cucumbers,
and pour over one quart of boiling water
in which one scant teaspoonful of alum
has been dissolved. Let stand six hours,
then drain from alum water. Cook cu¬
cumbers 10 minutes, a few at a time, in
one-fourth of the following mixture, heat¬
ed to the boiling point and boiled 10 min¬
utes : One quart of vinegar, one red pep¬
per, one-half stick of cinnamon, one-half
teaspoonful allspice, one-half tablespoon¬
ful of cloves. Strain the remaining liquor
over the pickles, which have been put in
a stone jar. Bring liquor to boiling point
before turning it over the pickles.

To get a warm
home welcome.

Summer is swiftly passing.
You cannot begin a day too soon
to prepare against bleak Winter
if you pay the bills and suffer
the ills of old-fashioned heating.

yield enduring comfort, and last
as long as the building stands.

They give even heat, healthful heat, clean heat
— no mixture of dust, ashes and coal gases in the
living rooms. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN
Radiators repay their own cost in fuel and labor
savings, and absence of repairs.

Put in OLD or new buildings, ( cottage, house,
store, church, school, etc.,) farm or city, and with-
outintheleast disturbing the occupants or building.

Your neighbors will tell you of their experience
and satisfaction, but you will need our catalogues
(free) to select from. Tell us kind of building you
wish to heat. Our goods warehoused in all parts
of the United States. Write us now.

American Radiator Company

Dept. 9. CHICAGO

Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can’t
ring every
one w*t'1
\ this your

down.

•Jfk 3 Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna,

THE HESSLER

Rural Mail Box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent In every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong oox
and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

A Little Gold Mine for Women

The U.S. Cook-Stove Fruit-Drier

Dries all kinds of Fruits, Berries, Cher¬
ries, Corn, Vegetables, etc. It takes no
extra fire. Always ready for use, and
will last a lifetime. 1 1 works while you
cook. Write for circulars and special
terms to agents. PRICE, $5.

E. B. FAHRNEY,fioxi2o, Waynesboro, Pa

Banner Lye

10 lbs hard soap op 20 gallons soft soap
Costs 10 cents Takes 10 minutes No boiling

makes pure soap

PISO S CURE FOR

t/j

N>

h

t \

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

01

V

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

o

10

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

■H

(N

CONSUMPTION

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

6o1

Canning Corn.

In a late number of The R. N.-Y. I
saw a request for a recipe for canning
corn. 1 send mine, as 1 have seen none
like it published in reply. I hope every¬
one who likes good corn will try it, as it
is easily done, and we think the corn the
finest we have ever had: Nine cupfuls of
corn, cut off the cob; one cupful sugar;
one-half cupful salt; one-quarter cupful
water. Cook for 10 minutes; can while
boiling hot. When preparing it for the
table soak over night in cold water.

CI.ARA RU'KETSON ROPER.

Plea for Simple Summer Cooking

When one sees the elaborate dishes de¬
scribed and illustrated in some of the wo¬
men’s magazines, one is filled with won¬
der and admiration of the skill that pro¬
duces such delicate and artistic creations.
At the same time, however, the question
arises, “Does it pay?” and after due con¬
sideration comes the answer, “No, it
doesn’t ” For the farmer’s wife who does
her own work, it seems little short of sui¬
cidal to try to get up these elaborate
dishes. If one’s appetite is natural — and
that is the kind that farmers usually
have — plain fare will be just exactly as
satisfactory. In Summer we do not need
very rich food. If one has berries or
fruit, and milk, good entire wheat bread,
good butter and perhaps creaih, what
more could be wanted for supper? Any
considerate man — and one of the other
kind is not worth putting one’s self out
for — would prefer a supper of this kind
rather than a more elaborate one in the
preparation of which his wife has over¬
tired herself. In Summer there are so
many extra things to do, and the heat
taxes one’s strength so. that if a woman
can favor herself a little she certainly
should do so. If she must indulge in
fancy cooking, let it be in Winter when
there is not so much to occupy her.

_ s. B. R.

Four Catsup Recipes

Cucumber Catsup. — For a small quan¬
tity take 12 fine full-grown cucumbers and
lay them an hour in cold water. Then
pare them and grate them down in a
deep dish. Grate also six small onions
and mix them with the grated cucum¬
ber; season the mixture to your taste
with pepper, salt and vinegar, making it
of the consistency of jam. When thor-
ouughly mixed put it in a glass jar,
cover closely so that it will be perfectly
air-tight. It will be found very nice to eat
with beef or mutton, and if properly made
and tightly covered it will keep well. Tt
should he grated very fine, and the vinegar
must be real cider vinegar.

Southern Mixed Catsup. — Peel and cut
up enough crisp, green cucumbers to till
a half-gallon measure, sprinkle with salt
and let stand six hours, press the water
from them and scald in weak vinegar.
Prepare half a gallon of cabbage in the
same way. Chop one dozen small onions,
cover with boiling water and let stand
half an hour. Cut in slices one quart
of green tomatoes, one pint of green
beans, one dozen small ears of tender
corn and one dozen green peppers. Scald
and drain them. Mix two tablespoonfuls
of grated horse-radish, one teacupful of
ground mustard, two cupfuls of white
mustard seed, three tablespoonfuls of tur¬
meric, one of mace, three of celery seed,
one of cinnamon, one of cayenne, two of
olive oil and one pound of sugar. Put in
a jar with the prepared vegetables and
cover with boiling vinegar.

Red Pepper Catsup. — Two dozen pods
of red pepper; put in a preserve kettle
with a half pint of strong vinegar and a
pint of water; set on the stove and let
come to a boil. Add one root of grated
horse-radish, three sliced onions, six
whole cloves and one-half ounce of white
mustard seed. Let boil 10 minutes longer
and strain. Put back in the kettle with a
half teacupful of brown sugar, one ounce
of celery seed and a pint of strong vine¬

gar. Boil one hour, then bottle. This
catsup will keep any length of time.

Green Tomato Catsup. — One peck of
green tomatoes and two large onions
sliced. Place them in layers, sprinkling
salt between; let them stand 24 hours and
then wash and drain them. Add a quar¬
ter of a pound of mustard seed, one ounce
allspice, one ounce cloves, one ounce
ground mustard, one ounce ground gin¬
ger, two tablespoonfuls black pepper, two
teaspoonfuls celery seed, a quarter of a
pound of brown sugar. Put all in pre¬
serving pan, cover with vinegar and boil
two hours; then strain through a sieve
and bottle for use:

The Rural Patterns.

The well-fitting umbrella skirt shown
is cut with five carefully shaped gores,
and can be laid in inverted plaits at the
back or cut off in habit style as may be
liked. It is specially well adapted to
washable fabrics. The quantity of mate¬
rial required for the medium size is 6'/>

6031 Five Gored Umbrella Skirt,
22 to 32 waist.

yards 21, 6J4 yards 27, or 3^4 yards 44
inches wide with 12)4 yards of braid to
trim as illustrated. The pattern 5031, is
cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and
32-inch waist measure; price 10 cents.

The simple tucked waist shown in No.
4986 is made with fronts and back, the
back being plain, simply being drawn
down in gathers at the waist line, while
the fronts are tucked at the shoulders
and are finished with a regulation box
plait. The sleeves are in shirt waist style,
finished with openings which are cut be-

4986 Tucked Blou &e or Shirt Waiat,
32 to 42 bust.

neath the tucks and finished invisibly. The
collar consists of the stock and the tie,
which are made complete and closed at
the centre back. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 3^ yards
21, 3 24 yards 27 or 2 yards 44 inches
wide, with Ft yard of bias silk for tie. The
pattern 4986 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34,
36, 38, 40 and 42-inch bust measure ; price
10 cents.

cddystoNE

PRINTS

Individuality

Simpson-Eddystone Prints have an individ¬
uality that makes them look different.

They are different — better ; in quality,
patterns and colors.

Thoroughness has always been the key¬
note of Simpson-Eddystone manufacture and
is what has made them the standard calicoes
of the United States for over fifty years.

Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.
Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

Philadelphia

THE BEST COOKING RANGE

MADE

Solti for Cash
or on Monthly
Payments.

' $10 to $20
Saved

Freight
Paid.

Your
money
refunded
after six
mouths’
trial if

Clapp’s
Ideal Steel
Range

Is not r>0 per cent better than others. My superior location on
Lake Brie, where iron, steel, coal, freights and skilled labor are
cheaper and bent, enables me to furnish a TOP NOTCH Steel
Range at a clean saving ot $10 tt* $20. Send for free catalogues
of live distinct lines, f*0 styles and sizes, with or without reser¬
voir, for city, town or country use.

CH2STER D CI.APP. 60Z Summit St., Toledo, Ohio.
(Fractic*! Steel Range Man.)

OH%M0RE income

^ Without Speculation

|</>| ■<0.1

DKnTKICTKD loans on bond
niiuI mortgage to thrifty home
buyer# who pay ail interest aud
part principal monthly. Thai is
the way the fund* of our clients
are I uvested ; and 11 years' con
Htant growth of assets, surplus
and profits Indicates the meas¬
ure of success achieved. We re¬
invent your 1 p. c. funds at a
rate paying YOU 6 p. c\ per an¬
num for every day we have
them, increasing their earning
power 2f» p, c. Write lor par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . SI, 700.000
Surplus and 1’rollts,
$160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

Ii Times lll’d’g, li’wy, N.Y. City

S:j5 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof

Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

PracUcally Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Ijig-ht in Weight.

Does not Taint W ater.

Write for sanr 'os, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight and durable.
OurTowers will stand In any storm.

Get our references in your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and price Hat.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

Free from the care which wearies and

annoys.

Where every hour brings Its several Joys. ’*

“AMERICA’S

SUMMER

RESORTS.”

This is one of the most complete
publications of its kind, and will
assist those who are wondering
where they will go to spend their
vacation this summer.

It contains a valuable map, in
addition to much interesting in¬
formation regarding resorts on or
reached by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES .

A copy will be sent free, upon receipt of a
two-ceut stamp, by George H Daniels, Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent. New York Central &
Uudson Utver Railroad, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

LOWEST ROUND TRIP RATES TO PACIFIC
COAST POINTS VIA THE NICKEL
PLATE ROAD.

$69.50 Buffalo to Portland, Seattle or Taco¬
ma aud return. Daily until September 29th.
Tickets may lie routed through California at
slightly higher rate.

$75.50 Buffalo to San Francisco or Los
Angeles and return. Daily August 6th to 14th
inclusive.

For particulars write A. W. Ecclestone, D.
P. A., 385 Broadway, New York City.

Hydraulic

— FOR—

CIDER, WINE,

■■ - - - -- etc. Greatest ca-

' pacity, best results with least power. Steel beams,
sills, etc. Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Features This Year.

Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Throshars. Ask tor catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.,

L Room 161, 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City. i

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11 = 16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features of
the Fair. Entries dose in this Department,
August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.

The best birds in the country on exhibition.
All tiie latest improvements used in theiiandliug
and care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to be greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies.
Entries close September 4.

FARM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
best features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will be up to the usual high standard and prom¬
ises to be larger than ever. Entries close Sept. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit aud Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit ever given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

SUM) FOR PKIZK LIST.

S. C SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y

Get it

from, your

w STRENGTH-GIVER,

Druggist,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN
and MEN

6o8

August 12,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, August 12, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

New Life to a Run-down Farm . 597, 598

Experience in Hybridizing Corn . 599

Suckers on Sweet Corn . . . GOO

Use of Cow-Horn Turnip Seed . GOO

Hope Farm Notes . 603

Yearly income from Farms . G05

Crop Prospects . 605

Killing Canada Thistle . G08

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Pine Needles for Bedding . GOO

Prohibiting Use of Coloring Matter in

Butter . 605

Ailing Hens . 609

Lambs at a Picnic . 610

Curing a Balky Horse . 610

Rations for Thin Horse . 610

Mange on a Dog . 610

Selling Butter or Milk . 610

Stuffed Cats . 610

Shipping Eggs or Fowls to Cuba . 611

Trouble With Young Chicks . 611

HORTICULTURE.

Sod or Clean Culture in Orchards. .598, 599

Plant Idee on Sweet Peas . 600

Crafting an Elm Tree . 600

Setting Raspberries . 600

Trouble With Strawberries . 601

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 602

Oil for San JosG Scale . 608

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 606

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters . 606

Cucumber Pickles . 606

Canning Corn . 607

Plea for Simple Summer Cooking . 607

Four Catsup Recipes . 607

The Rural Patterns . 607

MISCELLANEOUS.

Farmer’s Telephone and Turnpike . 599

Government Whitewash . 600

Bisulphide of Carbon for Ants . 600

Cost of Water Glass . 600

Getting Rid of Ants . 600

Editorials . 604

Events of the Week . 605

Iowa Lightning Rods . 605

Business Bits . 605

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending August 5, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are

from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 2, red, new’ . — •

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.... —

Corn . —

Oats . —

Rye . —

FEED.

Fancy middlings . — <

Spring bran . —

Cotton-seed heal . —

Linseed meal . —

@ 89%
@1.15%
(a 60 %
@ 37
@ 75

@22.50

@17.50

@26.00

@30.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Iiay No. 1 . 15.00

No. 2 . 14.00

No. 3 . 12.00

Clover mixed . 12.00

Clover . 10.00

Straw, long rye . 12.00

Short and oat . 9.00

@16.00

@14.50

@13.00

@15.00

@13.00

@14.00

@10.00

MILK.

CHEESE.

Full cream, small, fancy .

11 @

11%

Small, fair to choice .

10% @

10%

11 @

Light skims, choice .

8%@

8%

Part skims, prime .

7 % @

7%

Full skims . . .

1%@

3%

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy ....

— @

7%

Evaporated, choice .

— @

7

Evaporated, prime .

6 % @

6%

5%

Evaporated, com. to good..

4%@

Sun dried. Can., quarters...
Sun dried, Ohio .

3 % @

4%

2% @

3%

Cores and skins, 100 lbs. . . .1

.10 @1

.25

Raspberries .

20 @

21

Huck leberries .

1(1 @

11

Blackberries .

7 @

7%

Cherries .

11 %@

12

FRESH FRUIT.

Apples, Gravenstein, bbl . 2.25 @2.75

Duchess . 2.25 @2.75

Nyack Pippin . 2.50 @3.00

Orange Pippin . 1.75 @2.25

Open heads . 1.00 @2.00

Half-bbl. baskets . 75 @1.25

Bushel crates . 40 @ 75

Small peach baskets . 30 @ 50

Pears. Southern Le Conte, bbl. .2. 50 @5.00

Bell . 3.00 @3.50

Common . 2.00 @2.75

Plums, Md. and Del., carrier.. 75 @1.00

Peaches, North Caro., carrier.. 1.50 @2.50

South Carolina . 1.50 @2.50

Georgia . 1.50 @3.00

Md. and Del., basket . 1.00 @1.50

Grapes, N. C., Del., carrier. .. .1.25 @1.75

Cherries, sour, black. 8-lb. bkt. 50 @ 60

Sour, red, 8-lb. basket . 40 @ 50

Blackberries, Jersey, quart... 9 @ 13

Up-river, quart . 10 @ 12

Raspberries, red, pint . 5 @ 9

Huckleberries, quart . 7 @ 12

Currants, Cherry, quart . 5 @ 7

Small, quart . 4 @ 5

Muskmelons, Southern, crate.. 60 @1.50

Maryland and Del., crate... 75 @2.75

Baltimore, crate . 75 @2.75

Baltimore, basket . 50 @1.25

Arizona, crate . 3.50 @5.50

Watermelons. Southern, 100.. 12.00 @30.00

Southern, carload . 150.00 @275.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Long Island. bll....l.62

Jersey, Del. and Md . 1.50

Southern . i . 1.25

Sweet potatoes. Southern, yel¬
low, bbl . 2.50

Southern, red . 2.00

Yams, North Carolina, bbl . 2.00

Beets, Long Island, 100 bncbs.1.00

Carrots, new, bbl . —

Long Island. 100 bunches... —
Cabbage, Long Island. 100. ...5. 00

L. I. and Jersey, bbl . 1.25

Baltimore, bbl-crate . 90

Celery, State, dozen . 15

Jersey . 20

Michigan . 15

Cucumbers, upper Jersey, box. 60

South Jersey . 50

Baltimore . . 60

Cucumber pickles, Jer'y, 1,000.1.50

Corn, Hackensack, 100 . 75

Other Jersey . 50

Egg plants, Norfolk, 60-quart

crate . 1.25

Jersey, box . 60

Horseradish, 100 lbs . 5.00

Lettuce, nearby, bbl . 75

Western, N. Y„ dozen . 20

Boston, dozen . 20

Onions, Sou'n yellow, bbl.... 1.50
Jersey, white, half-bbl. bkt. . 75

Long Island, bbl . . ...1.75

Orange Co., N. Y., red, bag. .1.25
Okra, Southern, carrier....... 50

Jersey, 100 . 12

Peppers, Southern, car. or bkt. 60

Jersey, box . 40

Jersey, bbl . 1.00

Peas. Western N. Y., basket. .. 1.00
Radishes, Near-by, 100 bunches —
String Beans, Jersey, wax, bkt. 1.00

Jersey, green . 1.00

State, bushel-basket . 1.00

Squash. Hubbard, bbl . 75

Marrow . 75

White . 75

Yellow crook-neck . 75

Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 1.00

Tomatoes, Upper Jersey, Acme,

box . 1.00

Upper Jersey, other kinds,

box . 75

South Jersey, Acme, box. ... 85
South Jersey, other kinds,
box . 40

@1.87

@1.75

@1.75

@3.75
@2.50
@2.50
@ 1.25
@2.00
@1.00
@7.75
@1.50
@1.00
(a 50
@ 50
@ SO
@ 75

@ 60
@ 75

@3.00
@1.50
@1.25

@1.50
@ 75

@7.00
@1.00
< I 40
@ 50

@1.75
@ 90
@2.0(1
@1.37
@1.00
@ 15

@ 75
@ 50
@ 1 .50
@1.75
@ 75
@1.50
@1.50
@1.75
@1.00
@1.00
@1.00
@ 1 .00
@1.12

@1.25

@ 90
@1.25

@ 75

New l’ork Exchange price 91.31 per 40-
quart can.

BUTTER.

Crearaerv, extras .

21 % @

21%

Firsts .

20% @

21

Seconds .

19 @

20

Thirds .

1 7 % (a

18%

State dairv, half-tubs, extras.

20% @

21

Tubs, firsts .

19%@

20

Tubs, seconds .

18 @

19

Lower grades .

1 6 % @

17%

Western imitation creamerv,

extras .

19 @

19%

Firsts .

1 7 % @

IS

Western factory, firsts .

17 @

17%

Seconds .

16 @

1 6 V.

Lower grades .

15 I)

15%

Renovated, extras .

19 @

_

Firsts .

IS @

18 V.

Seconds .

16% @

17%

Lower grades .

15 @

16

Packing stock, No. 1 .

17 @

—

No. 2 .

15 %@

16

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fanev, white. .

24 @

25

Selected, white, choice .

22 @

23

Fresh gathered, extra mixed

21 @

90

Fresh gathered, prime to av-

erage best .

18 @

20

Western, fresh gathered, conn-

try candled, best .

18% @

19%

Fair to good .

17 @

18

Western, fresh gathered, un-

candled, best .

17 @

17%

Fair to good .

14% @

16

Western, poor to fair .

12 @

14

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys. Western, average best 17 @ —

Western, mixed, fair to good 15 @ 16

Western, poor . 13 @ 14

Spring Chickens, Philadelphia,

3% to 4 lbs. to pair, lb. .20 @21

Pennsylvania, large . 17 @ 18

Pennsylvania, small . 14 @ 16

Western, dry-picked, large. . — @16

■Western; dry-picked, small to

medium size . 13 @ 15

Western, scalded, 3% lbs.

and over to pair . — @ 15%

Western, scalded, under 3

lbs. to pair . 13 @ 15

Southern, scalded . 13 @ 14

Fowls, No. Tnd., Ill. & la., dry-

picked . — @ 14%

So. Ind. & Ill., dry-picked. . — @ 14

Other Southwestern & South¬
ern, dry-picked . — @ 14

Western, scalded, medium

size . — @ 14

South’n & Southw’n, scalded — @ 13%

Western & South’n, poor to

fair . 11 @ 13

Spring Ducks, Long Island &

Eastern . — @ 17

Pennsylvania & Virginia, lb. 14 @ 16

Western . 10 @ 12

Squabs, Prime, large, white.

doz . 2.50 @2.62

Mixed . 2.12 @2.25

Dark . 1.50 @1.62

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring Chickens, lb . 12 @ 14

Fowls, Western . — @ 13

Roosters . — @ 9

Turkeys . — @ 13

Ducks, Western, average, pair. 70 @ 80

Geese, Western, average, pair. 1.00 @1.25

Live Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

LIVE STOCK.

Native Steers . 4.00

Bulls . 2.50

Cows . 1.65

Calves, veal . 5.00

Culls . 3.00

Sheep . 3.00

Lambs . .6.00

Hogs . 6.00

@5.55
(a 4.00
@3.40
@8.50
@4.00
@ 4.75
@7.75
@6.75

TOBACCO.

Connecticut Broadleaf Fillers.

Fine wrappers .

N. Y. State Fillers .

Fine and selections .

Pennsylvania Broadleaf .

Va. Shipping com. lugs .

Com. to med. leaf .

Med. to good leaf .

5 @ 10

50 @ 70

3 @ 5

@ 26
@ 5

6 @ 6 %

7 % @ 8 %

9 @ 11

L.. >

3

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for car lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @42.00

Acid phosphate . — @13.00

Kainit . — @T2.50

Dried blood . — @50.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb. — @ 6

Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb. — @ 2%

ESSENTIAL OILS.

Pennyroyal, lb . 1.00 @1.10

Peppermint . 2.25 @2.65

Sassafras . 60 @ 65

Spearmint . 4.50 @4.75

Tansy . 3.65 @4.00

Wormwood . 3.25 @3.50

BARKS, ROOTS ANT) HERBS.
Wholesale jobbers’ prices. Prices paid to
producers run 25 to 50 per cent less, accord¬
ing to quality.

Blood root, lb.
Sweet flag . . .
Snake root . . .
Sassafras bark
Wild cherry . .
Slippery elm .
Sage leaves . .
Thyme .

10

@

12

6

@

7

@

40

10

@

13

5

@

8

10

(5)

15

3

(5>

5

3

@

4

WANT TO KNOW.

Killing Canada Thistle. — I have been in
the habit of destroying Canada thistle by
having it cut off about an inch or two in the
ground with a sharp mattock just when in
bloom. It usually required three or four cut¬
tings, twice the first year and twice the sec¬
ond, when they disappeared. Last year I
found a patch of perhaps one-twentieth of an
acre which I had cut off on June 28, 1904,
and to my surprise, they all disappeared. I
cannot find one stalk on the entire patch.
Why is it that once cutting off killed alj? Is
there anything in the time they were cut off?
Perhaps some one of your many readers may
be able to give us some light on this subject.

_ ■ l. l. s.

Oil Fob San Jose Scale. — In no spirit of
criticism, permit me to suggest that it would
be safe to advise E. C. K., who corresponds
on page 535, to use kerosene during July and
August at 20 per cent. For the past four
Summers I have used oil sprays at this
strength and higher upon San Jost? scale
which were newly discovered, or which had
not received treatment during the more fa¬
vorable dormant season, and in no case have
I noted a single tree killed, and in only the
very densely-leaved peaches does any foliage
drop. The results are so much superior to
those following the application of oil at 10
per cent that when it is considered the time
and power required for applying each is the
same, there seems no reason for using the
weaker strength. 1 have obtained the best
results when the oil portion was made up
of two-thirds crude petroleum and one-third
kerosene, and when properly emulsified with
soap and soft water I have never noted any
injury. Sometimes a portion of the oil which
has not been emulsified may be seen upon the
surface, and some injury results when this
touches the foliage, but on the whole the use
of oils is far safer in June, July and August
than it is in the Fall or Winter months, and
it seems to-day the best material to use to
tide badly infested trees over till Fall.

Rockland Co. ,N. Y. Percy l. iiuested

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Yi/' \ lV'T'C TV— An energetic, reliable, up-to-date
2*-!^ A H. Lf dairy and poultry farmer, as
Manager on a gentleman's farm. Single, American.
Protestant, (about 35), preferred, Write to

W. B. WHEELER, JK., Pawling, New York,

FARM Manager and Expert Dairyman wants a posi¬
tion; competent to assume responsibility; abso¬
lutely reliable; thoroughly practical ; wife could assist,
middle age; no children: York State Americans;
highest references from present employer of three
years. Address, X. Y, Z.. care Rural Nkw-Yorkek.

AfiPIITQ WAIITPn to sell HOME MEDICAL
AUCN IO If All I CU CABINETS complete with
remedies. Farmers, their sons, wives and daughters
can earn $10 per week by devoting a portion of their
time. BOTANICAL DRLHI CO., Jersey City, N. ,J.

USEFUL BOOKS

Sent postpaid by Rural New-Yorker at

prices named :

Bush Fruits, Card . 1,50

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

A B C of Bee Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book, Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, I.odeman . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00
A Woman’s Hardy Garden, Mrs. Ely... 1.75
Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

Campbell’s Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.00

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser, Law . 3.00

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing, Waugh 1.00

Feeding of Animals, Jordan . 1.25

Feeds and Feeding, Henry . 2.00

Everybody’s Paint Book, Gardner . 1.00

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Asparagus Culture, Ilexamer . 50

Animal Breeding, Shaw . 1.50

Business Hen, Collingwood . 75

Cauliflower, Crozler . 50

Corn Judging, Shamel . 50

Celery for Profit, Greiner . 50

Domestic Sheep, Stewart . 1.50

Evolulion of Our Native Fruits, Bailey. 2.00

Errors About Plants, Crozier . 25

Farm Poultry, Watson . 1.25

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

Fumigation Methods, Johnson . 1.00

Garden Making, Hunn and Bailey . 1.00

Greenhouse Construction, Taft . 1 50

Greenhouse Management, Taft . 1.50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

Harris on the Pig . 1.00

How to Plan the Home Grounds, Parsons 1.00

Home Science Cook Book . l.ll

How to Plant a Place, Long . 10

Handbook of Conversation, Peabody . 50

Heather, Wallace . 1.50

How Crops Feed, S. IV. Johnson . 1.50

How Crops Grow, S. IV. Johnson . 1.50

Hedges, Windbreaks and Shelters, Powell .50

Irrigation and Drainage, King . 1.50

Insects Injurious to Staple Oops, San¬
derson . 1.50

Life of the Bee, Maeterlinck . 1.40

Landscape Gardening, Long . 25

Landscape Gardening, Waugh . 50

The Rural New-Yoeker, New York.

WHITMAN'S^

LARGE.ST fit MOST P
GUARANTEED

ALSO LARGE LINE FIR
SEND

WHITMAN AGE

a pn" BA LING
q/ri/PRESSES
E IN AMERICA.

/E NO EQUAL
JLTURAL MACHINERY
LOGUE.

LOUIS, MO. ,

Reneivertlhe GKAltnPTfTZH. hinhes* award, on Belt and Horse Presses, World’s Fair. St. ln»'«

E- *=>■ WATKIKTiS. State Agent, TJ.

Write for
Catalog of Farm Machinery

1 nw nowN
GRAIN-FERTILIZER DRILL

The original and only Perfect Low Down Drill

made both with Disc and Hoe. Four foot wheels but
frame being bung below axle makes hopper very low.
No cog gears to get out of order. Chain drive direct
from axle. Perfect regulation of quantity of grain or
fertilizer to be sown without stopping drill. Positively
the simplest, lightest running and most accurate drill
on the market. Fully guaranteed
in every respect.

Hubbard’s “Black Diamond” Fertilizers

For FALL SEEDING use HUBBARD’S “ BLACK DIAMOND

GRASS AND GRAIN FERTILIZER.

THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY, Fertilizer Manufacturers

Middletown, Conn.

/

9

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

6 39

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

W. M. Ostrander, the real estate agent
of Philadelphia, Pa., has incorporated
himself for $2,000,000. He has written
some of our subscribers offering them
some of the stock at one hundred cents
on the dollar. Neither in the long letter
nor in the long circular accompanying it
do we find a single figure to show what
asset is behind these seven figures of capi¬
tal stock. If he succeeds in selling all his
shares to country people or others, he
will have a snug little bank account of
$2,000,000. If he should then take a trip
to Europe, the purchasers of his stock
could probably go to Philadelphia and
take possession of his typewriters and
desks, provided they paid the rent of the
office. They could then send telegrams to
their friends back on the farm assuring
them that prospects are exceptional, if
they send a check at once. We do not
call this a- bunco game. Let everyone
call it what he pleases for himself. There
must be something besides desks and type¬
writers and rent hills to form a table of
assets. There are certainly pens and ink,
and no doubt some left-over telegram
blanks. Then if there is any printed
matter left over there will be some pic¬
tures of Mr. Ostrander’s handsome face.
If all this with any other things of equal
or greater value are worth two millions of
dollars to you, why then there is no good
reason why you should not buy all the
stock you want.

It would seem from our correspondence
that sending telegrams for remittances is
not as profitable now as it was some time
ago. We have received many letters like
the following:

Within find one dollar. I never want to
be without your valuable paper. I like the
way you show up frauds. The l’hUa,,''|oti
real estate a Rent tried his hand on me several
times, and the last time sent me a telegram
one Sunday morning, but I did not bite.

Pennsylvania. s. s. m.

We have other things that we would
like to talk about in this department ex¬
cept the people who want to get our sub¬
scribers’ money without giving any fair
return for it. and often no return at all.
From week to week we think we can take
up the other subjects, but the crooked
schemes keep crowding in on us. Besides,
one telling does not seem always to suf¬
fice. After the publicity given the Peo¬
ple’s U. S. Bank of St. Louis, Mo., we
thought nothing more need be said on
the subject, but even to-day comes an
inquiry from an agent right here in New
York State who has been collecting money
for the concern, and asking if it would be
safe to send it on. The agent, of course,
was honest and he took the people’s mon¬
ey in good faith, and will no doubt now
return it to each of them. He simply
learned of the facts when soliciting money
for them from one of The R. N.-Y. read¬
ers. and right here we want to suggest
that our subscribers can do a great deal
of good by keeping neighbors informed
on these matters, and by making careful
inquiry themselves before sending money
to people they know nothing about. Here
is a note from a lady subscriber who for¬
tunately acted on our advice some time
ago:

You cannot tell how thankful T am for that
information you gave me in regard to the
People's IT. S. Bank. I had but a very little.
It was what I had saved from my household
expenses, from my poultry last year. I try
to put by a little every year, as some day I
may be in need of a little. After reading
what you had said I wrote to Mi-. Lewis ask¬
ing him to send back the money. It was a
good while before I received the check. June
0. but it came at last, and in just two weeks
after I saw the fraud account in one of our
papers. h. s.

Connecticut.

Here was a woman who had by indus¬
try and economy saved a few dollars for
a time of need. She sent it to this bank
for safe keeping. The man who would
take such money, and convert it to his
own use is a bigger rascal than the high¬
wayman who holds his victims up at the
point of a pistol.

Here is a postscript from a letter re¬
ceived to-day :

Many single issues of The R. N.-Y. are
worth to me a year’s subscription. li. K.

1 llinois.

We print this because we want to sug¬

gest that if you find The R. N.-Y. useful
and helpful to you, just tell your neigh¬
bors about it. Every mail brings us com¬
ments of this kind in connection with re¬
mittances for renewals. We are glad to
have them, but do not stop at telling us
that the paper is helpful to you ; tell
your neighbors about it. too, and remind
them that for a trial they may have it
10 weeks for 10 cents.

PRODUCTS PRICES, AND TRADE.

Hat Measurements. — “How can I find the
number of tons of hay in a mow without
taking it out?' w. p.

New York.

A rule that will give approximate results
is to find the cubic contents of the mow in
feet. Divide this by 510 if the hay is rather
loose, or by 400 if well packed down. The
result will tell the number of tons. But it is
easy to see that his can be but little better
than an estimate, as there are scarcely any
two mows that will weigh out the same
amount per cubic yard. The kind of hay.
condition when put in, whether thrown in
loosely or stamped hard, deptli of mow, etc.,
are elements that alTeet the result. The
writer lias taken hay from a mow 20 feet
deep and IS square, hay put in by horse fork
and dropped from track in peak of roof.
From a little above the center to the bottom
of this mow the hay was as firm as a loosely
pressed bale. Dividing the cubic contents by
44.. instead of 460 would give nearer the re¬
sult in such a mow. If readers have any
other method of estimating contents of hay
trows we shall be glad to have them.

Roots and Herbs. — “Will you tell me
where I can find a market for herbs, such as
wormwood, tansy, spearmint, etc.?"

A VERMONT ROV.

These things are handled by botanic drug¬
gists and brokers who make a specialty of the
business. The following are in the market
for all sorts of roots and herbs in season :
Geo. A. Fllwood, 270 Pearl Street, and Mc¬
Kesson & Robbins, 01 Fulton Street, New
York. Very few dealers in this line will make
an offer without seeing the goods, as the
value varies widely owing to quality and
method of curing. The best way is to write
the dealer telling how much there is for sale,
sending a fair sample. This will bring out
some idea of the value. The price paid to
producers or gatherers is usually much lower
than might be expected from the high price
of the finished product when bought in small
lots at the drug store. There is a heavy
waste in the raw material miles-- cured by an
experienced person, and the preparation takes
some time, especially where the stuff is sold
in pulverized form. As a rule there is no
“big money” in gathering herbs.

Seeling Horseradish. — “Is there a mar¬
ket for horseradish in New York at. a fair
price?" f. p%

New York.

There is a steady demand for good root
at prices ranging anywhere from four to nine
cents per pound wholesale. But this refers
to choice root, not the branchy, hollow-
hearted wild roots sometimes offered. In a
lot recently seen the roots were as large as
marketable parsnips, nearly as smooth, and
solid without being woody. The dealer1 said
this was just what they wanted, as it would
work up to advantage. This plant is so im¬
proved by cultivation that to attempt to sell
the scrubby roots dug in waste places is
about like offering the wild crab’ apple in a
market acquainted with prime Spies or Bald¬
wins. Large quantities of this cultivated
root come from the Southwest. This Is an¬
other of those specialties- in farming that one
would better go very slowly with until he
learns how to grow a good root. A patch 20
feet square is cheaper for educational pur¬
poses than half an acre.

Potatoes. — Since the last note on this sub¬
ject there has been a wild jump up in price,
and an almost equally wild drop. Growers
became tired of selling at $1 per barrel or
less and many who ordinarily sell from the
field as soon as possible stopped digging. A
real scarcity developed, and with a fail- de¬
mand, as much as $2.50 per barrel was paid
for a short time. As soon as the news got
around, digging was begun again, and the
market responded quickly with a drop of 75
cents a barrel. At present indications point
to a slight advance in the near future, and
higher figures as soon as the bulk of growers
who dig and sell early have their crop dis¬
posed of. The dried-up localities hare now
had rain enough to help the late crop but the
yield throughout the East can be only moder¬
ate at best. _ h.

Hand Hay Press.— I notice on page 521
.7. B. asks concerning cheap hand hay presses.

I gave one a thorough trial three years ago.
and will say that it may be possible to equal
the capacity claimed by the manufacturers,
but one-half that amount would be best to
count upon, unless one did enough baling to
become quite expert and had good, strong
men to help. The press I have in mind cost
$25. Remember one thing, viz., you can’t get
something for nothing. These presses, how¬
ever. undoubtedly have their place.

Arizona.

AILING HENS.

We are losing several hens and chicks.
Can you name the disease, and give remedy?
They begin by going blind, and sit with
drooping head. Their mouths get slimy ;
watery discharge from bowels. Their fea¬
thers all loosen, and by spells they flutter
quite high, and the feathers fly out by hand¬
fuls. We have oats near, and I lay it to the
green oats. We try to keep them out. I
give Barker's powder dry, feeding it to them
with a spoon, and have cured several.

Rocktown, N. J. b. d. s.

I think that you will have to look fur¬
ther than the green oats for a solution to
the problem. I would separate the ailing
ones from the flock and give them scalded
skim-milk with a few drops of mix vo¬
mica in each batch. The well ones 1
would give 10 drops of saturated solution
of sulphate of iron to a pint of their
drinking water. When a common ordi¬
nary hen, worth less than a dollar, gets
in the condition described I do not think
it worth while to spend much time in
dosing her; for, should she recover, it
will be many months before she will
again lay an egg, and when she does, if
it happens to be in the breeding season,
and a chick is hatched from it, you
have a depleted vitality that is a very
poor addition to your flock. e. m. s.

GAPES IN CHICKENS.

Will you tell what “gapes” in chickens is?
Is there any cure for It? G. b.

1 his is caused by worms one-half to
three-fourths inch long, which attach
themselves inside the windpipe. They are
always red from the blood taken from the
fowls. Here they' breed, and when adult
are coughed out upon the ground, when
their eggs arc sown broadcast. Artificially
raised chicks will not contract gape worms
unless placed on the ground where chick¬
ens have contracted or scattered the dis¬
ease. Earth worms may carry the trou¬
ble. Gape worms are indicated by the fre¬
quent gaping or gasping of the chicks for
air. The old familiar horsehair loop or
the feather end dipped in turpentine will
remove them. However, time and chicks
may be saved during the succeeding year
by removing the coops to a new lot, culti¬
vating the old place and keeping the chicks
from it. The time required for land to
disinfect itself of gape worms is not
known. Since robins and other birds may
perpetuate them it is possible that a given
space may never be exactly safe. Some
poultrvmen by keeping the chicks on a
board floor for some time have avoided
this trouble.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence— Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet
D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, * New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn.; DeKalb, Ill., -Oakland, Cal.

rUUL I n

©POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
Qbators, livestock. Brooders— anything— J
■*> it’s our business. Call or let us send you!
)our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the)
) asking — it's worth having.

> Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City <

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCKXX)OOOOOC!<

POULTRY SUFRLIES —

■* The Kind that Make Kggs — All per 1UU lbs.

Recleaned Ground Oyster Shells. 5(Jc; Mlco Grit tor
Poultry. 60c.: MicoGrit for Pigeons, 60c. : M IcoGrit for
Chicks. 60c. ; Saul’s Poultry Scratching Food. $1.65;
Saul's Poultry Mash Food. $2; Saul's Pigeon Food. $2,
Saul’s Chick Food, $2 .50 : Cut Clover, $1 .60 ; Clover Meal
$1.60; Pure Ground Beef Scraps, $2.25: Pure Meat
Meal, $2.25: Pure Meat and Bone. $2.25; Pure Poultry
Bone, $2.25; Pure Bone Meal, $2.25; Hemp Seed. $4.00;
Sunflower Seed, $5.50; Chicken Millet, $2.50. Cata¬
logue sent free.

CH AS. F. SAUL, 220-224 James Street, Syracuse, N.Y.

"MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. Wo have either sex. Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $2.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, LoudonviUe, Albany Co., N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred fot laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LEGHORNS

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize
for 15;

first.

Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $]
$0 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
L. O. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

90

War's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J- A. BEKGEY, Box 8,Telford,Pa,

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and U. Wyan-
dottes, K. C. Rods. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N.J

SILOS

Pine, Hemlock and Cypress in 200 sizes; also cutters, blowers,
carriers, horse powers, hay presses. Catalogue free.

HARDER MFC. COMPANY, Box 11, Coblesklll, N.Y.

New

Homes m u.e West

Cheap lands, diversified crops, abundant har¬
vests, good markets, everybody busy, a demand
for good men — farmers, stockmen, merchants and
the professions — that is the condition in the terri¬
tory reached by the nine thousand miles of the
Chicago & North-Western Railway in nine of the
great States of the Northwest.

Homeseekers’ Rates

Why not go West and see for yourself? The North-Western Line
offers special low-rate round-trip tickets to points in Illinois, Iowa,
Nebraska, Wyoming, the Dakotas, Wisconsin, Northern Michi¬
gan, Minnesota and other points West the first and third
Tuesdays of each month. All agents sell these low-rate
tickets reading via this line.

Write to us for facts as to soil, resources, climate, schools and
churches, and as to where to find business openings suited
to your needs. Free booklets, maps and full infor¬
mation on request.

W. B. KNISKERN,
Passenger Traffic Manager,
CHICAGO.

NWS05

J. D. P.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

610

August 12,

Live Stock and Dairy

LAMBS AT A PICNIC

As with most animals, man included,
something good to eat makes a short cut
to a lamb’s good will. The picture on
first page, Fig. 251, shows how one farm
woman has "made friends" with the flock.
There is both satisfaction and money in
raising a nice bunch of lambs, and were
it not for the dog nuisance hundreds of
farmers, who cannot now keep sheep in
safety, wonld stock up with flocks of 25
to SO. It is an unpleasant thought that
some of the lively little creatures shown
on first page may be the victims of worth¬
less curs before the end of the season.

AILING ANIMALS.

Curing a Balky Horse.

What is the best cure for a balky horse?

Waynesvflle. N. C. a. a. b.

'Your horse has probably been driven by
what is called a “smart” driver; the fact
is, the horse knew more than the driver,
and if you get some one to drive who
will not abuse him I do not think he will
balk. If you will tell me under what
conditions he is balky I will try to assist
you.

Ration for Thin Horse.

I have just, bought a horse in years old,
weight about 1,000 pounds, that has been
worked hard for the last year, and is very
thin. lie is well, and has a great appetite,
but does not seem to digest his oats well, as
there are always some whole oats in the ma¬
nure. Iiis teeth are all right. Would the fol¬
lowing feeding be right to build him up again?
He is only used about two or three hours a
day in a surrey. At about 7 A. M. before
he has his breakfast I lead him out to crop
grass for half an hour; when he gets
hack to his stall he gets two quarts of oats,
two quarts bran, with a little water to moisten
it ; then a good armful of hay. At 12 o’clock
a mash of about two quarts of ground horse
feed, three quarts cut hay, a little ground flax¬
seed and water to moisten ; also hay. He is
driven from about four to seven o’clock ; as
soon as he gets home he has an armful of hay,
and when he lias been home about one hour I
lead him out to crop grass again for half
-an hour. When he comes back to the stable
he gets two quarts of oats and two quarts
bran mixed. Is it all right to feed him this
so soon after eating the grass, and is the
grass with the dew on morning and evening
good for him? Also, when is t lie best time
to water him, before or after meals? Will it
hurt to feed him green cornstalks, or would
it be better to dry, and feed cut up in the
Winter? We have only what is used for our
family. He has what seems to he a small
splint on one leg. but it does not affect him
in any way. Would you advise painting it
with iodine once a day? iujapek.

New Jersey.

You are giving your horse good care,
and there is no reason why he should not
get fat if you do not drive him too hard.
Grass should be given only as a laxative,
and very little of that if you drive him
much. As to the cornstalks, I would feed
them in the Winter, say once or twice a
week, and but a few of them at a time.
As to watering, 1 prefer to give four or
five swallows of water, then feed hay;
in about one-half hour or an hour water
and give grain. Regarding the splint,
nature has placed it there and finished its
work; do not make -it look larger by using
a blister and making the hairs like bristles.

Mange on a Dog

About two months ago my dog’s hair began
to drop out, and an eruption appeared on the
skin. Some time after I noticed a nervous
twitching of the muscles; those of the shoul¬
der and neck seem most affected. I have
given sulphur, which seems to have helped
the skin trouble, but the twitching continues
The dog has a good appetite, but is very thin.
Can you suggest a remedy? m.

Your dog has mange. The sulphur that
you have been giving will do about as
much good as if you took it to keep the
mosquitoes off yourself. Get some good
sheep dip or about 10 pounds of tobacco
stems. Boil one pound of stems in rain
water about five minutes, and when cool
add a little soap and give your dog a good
soaking once a week for two weeks, and

then once in two weeks for two months. Tt
must be remembered that if you do not
do a good job your dog will continue to
have the itch, as it is called.

M. I). WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

SELLING BUTTER OR MILK.

Residing in Dutchess County, N. Y.,
we have been making butter for 13 years.
Ibis is a great milk-producing county;
within seven miles of my place are four
large milk receiving stations, and two
creameries We hear of some of our
neighbors geting large milk checks every
month, and our folks have been persuad¬
ing me hard to change and sell milk, but
as we have become experts in the butter
business, and have good customers for our
butter and cream, I dislike to give it up.
1 thought I would test my cows to see
which way would pay me the best. We
have a regular price for our butter, 25
cents a pound for six months in Summer
and 30 cents for six months in Winter
and 15 cents a pint for cream. My cows
are registered Jerseys and Guernseys, and
high grades. We put our butter up mostly
in small crocks, holding two pounds,
which our customers like better than
prints. I hc crocks are glazed dark, which
gives the butter a very rich color. We
cover the butter with butter paper, and
then tie over the crock a good quality of
manila paper so that everything gives a
very clean, tasty appearance, and deliver
every Saturday, the year round, without
fail. I have 13 cows, one dry, and one I
keep separate for our own use. The If
cows on May 16, 1905, gave 238(4 pounds
of milk, and on May 18, churned from the
cream, 14 (4 pounds of butter, salted one
ounce to the pound, and weighed after the
second working, ready to put in the
crocks. It took 16(4 pounds milk to make
a pound of butter, and (figuring the same
weight the milk station does, 85 pounds
for 40 quarts) it took 7.7 quarts of milk
to make a pound of butter. The station in
May paid 2(4 cents. At 25 cents a pound
for butter my milk brings me 3(4 cents;
at 30 cents, Winter price, would bring 4(4
cents a quart. At 25 cents a pound for
butter, the one day's butter brings me
$3.62(4. At the milk station I would have
received only $2.02, a difference of $1.00(4
for the II cows for one day In looking
over my book, I find the cows averaged
1 00 days from calving on date of test.
They were fed all Winter on dry feed, no
silage, and at the time on short fresh
pasture, and four quarts of mixed grain
feed night and morning. After May 18 I
turned them in better dav pasture, and
they made for the week ending May 20,
102(4 pounds; week ending June 9
106J4 pounds, salted one ounce to the
pound after the second working, averag¬
ing nearly .10 pounds each a week, my fig¬
uring. The milk was 5,2 per cent butter
fat. In the lot were three two-year-olds,
two three-year-olds and the rest mature
cows. I knew I had some large
milkers, but was surprised to find
that 1 had such rich ones. The test
pleased me very much and I shall keep
on making butter; besides, from the
milk and buttermilk I raise four calves,
and 30 to 40 pigs every year ; sell the pigs
when they weigh 110 to 140 pounds. I
am using the same separator I started
with 13 years ago, July 1, and it has sep¬
arated our milk twice every day since that
time, except two days, when it was at
the factory for repairs, through an acci¬
dent. PETER 0. HUI.ST.

Glendale Farm

Stuffed Cats. — “An English farmer has
had several cats killed, stuffed and placed
in threatening attitudes among the branches
of his fruit trees. Not a bird will come
anywhere near the orchard.” We have seen
this tried. The birds soon learn that the
cats are stuffed with straw instead of flesh
and blood.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L.L. Conkey,Prin.

ABSORBINE

Removes the Inflammation and
Bunch. Restores the Circulation
in any Bruise or Thickened Tissue,
without blistering, removing the
hairorlayinghorse up. I’leasnntto
use, clean and odorless. $2. coper
bottle delivered. Book 12-B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind,
91.00 Bottle. Cures Bunions,
Corns, Chilblains, Sprains, Etc.,
quickly. Genuine mfd. only by

W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt.. Springfield, Mass.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

KeKlntere<l Tritilo Mark

er»A.vii\r cure

Write us before you tire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Sftve-the- H orse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Tlioroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
dbC.OO per l.utle with wruten guarantce-
^ v semi for copy, al*o hook let nod ncoreK of
letters oil every kind of esse and lameness. De,
scribe your own case.

At all driiKRlsIs and dealers or ex press pa III.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

DR.DAVID

I Roberts

"cattle
I specialist

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion in Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 Howtomakeyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. Dadd Roberts, Cattle Speelalist
431 Grand Ave.,Waukesha,Wls.

RAVI INOF pT
CURES ■

Spavin, Ringbone, Greaso
lleel, Sweeney, Windgall,
Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
ShoeBoils.&c.Removes un¬
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and clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROI., AFTON, N. r.
$1.00 per Box, by Mail. For Dorses and Cattle.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
v trios. Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

Q A I p MALE ANY) FE-
“ ylf OHLCi MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint. Michigan.

PEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
* kind. Nelson’s Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will lie two to four year olds
i and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. We will keep
Nyou posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers, 2 to 14 mos.: 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert.” J. Aldus Horr, Lancaster, Pa.

GEDJNTE Y FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST CLASS JEBSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Goldev Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, and considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDEN
STREAMER and GUI. DEN FERN'S LAD out ol’ im ¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK M1NOKCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTE8.

BT Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM, White Plains, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRAPE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

Rkoirt’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
, selections. Send 2c. stamp

Fam-y of Eureka 1308U1 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning; Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows, 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 1, Fort Recovery. O.

Breeders’ Directory

Improved Chester White Brood Sows, Shotes and
Pigs. Scotch Collie Dogs and Puppies. Leading
varieties of Poultry. D. J. KENEPP, McVeytown. Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK nTOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Scr
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co.. Erciklonn, Chester Co., Pa.

SPECIAL BERKSHIRE SALE.

FOR ONE MONTH, from July 29, 1905. wo will
sell six to eight weeks old Pigs, all from registered
Boar, at $5.00 and $<i.ll(l each. The lot also includes
many STRAIGHT BRED PIGS, eligible for registry.
Also YORKSHIRE PIGS out of registered Boar.
Write for circular giving full information.

HUDSON VALLEY FARMS, Glens Falls, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD vrfppsf?*

of Pedigree BERKSH I RES

FLORETTA ’8 litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005. farrowed June 12, arc beauties. Floretta
is tlio dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in lOO.'t. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale — and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Mnrbledale, Conn.

Large English berkshires -

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, Nctv York.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strai ns. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. IJigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

WHITE STRINGS TARM
GUERNSEY HERD

Headed iiy PETER THE GREAT OF PAXTANG
No. G346and BLUE BLOOD, No. 0310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanio 7th, 502.9 Mis. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor's Lassie, 476.2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 4 00 IDs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 508.4 IDs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The lic.nl numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at ail times, including the choicest or
heifer and bull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised I 3 first
anti second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information ami catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEWIS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rural Nkw-Yorkkr in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature hulls.

GUERNSEY CATTLE )

Chester White Swine f stock no

on sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville

w

Pa.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N-FRIESI AN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Piotertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who lias 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

TiT Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

THE STEVENS HERD

Offers young COWS and HEIFERS bred to De Kol
2d’s Butter Boy 3d, or Beryl Wayne’s Paul De Ko],

Two of the Best HOLSTEIN BULLS Living,

or to the great Imported Bull Karei, whose dam and
dam’s dam have tlio largest records of any cows in
Holland.

YOUNG STOCK of both sexes. Their breeding anti
individuality will please you. Write or visit us.

IIENRY STEVENS & SON.
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Cortland, N. Y„ July 25, 1905.

Dear Sir— T understand that you want to dispose
of your grade cows and replace them with registered
Holsteins, but have found prices prohibitive. For tlio
benefit of ail such, I will make a sweeping reduction
in prices, until my surplus is exhausted, No one can
afford to keep scrub stock when they can buy thor¬
oughbred registered Holsteins at these figures. Heifer
calves, value $100, my price $50; cows, value $200, my
price $150; cows, value $175, my price $125; cows, value
$150, my price $100. Choicely bred registered service
hulls, value $150 my price $100; same, value $100, my
price $75. I have made a like reduction in prices in
every department of my immense herd. To take
advantage of this offer, you should act promptly.
Write me to-day and state just what you want. Liberal
terms of payment. Circulars sent free on application.
Address, Horace L, Brouson, Cortland, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

llO LSTEIN -FR I ESI AN S
are bred for largo Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the klud you want write or come to see
them, lzo to select from. Animals of both sextjs
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.'"

A special offer on some nicely bred Hull Calves.

A. A. COIiTJSLYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR sale.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Haul DeKol and Sir Korudyke Manor
DeKol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything ueeded in IIolsteiu-Friesiuns.

WOODCREST FARM, Rita, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

HOLSTEIN BULL SALE.

Born October 15. 1904. More white than black. Siro
SOLDENE CLOTH ILI)E ARTIS, the siro of eight
tested daughters. Dam FELICIA 3RD, 15 ibs. 14.9
oz. A. R. 0. at three years. Price cheap. Guaran¬
teed to please or money refunded.

Oakland Farm.T. A. Mitchell,Weedsporfc*N.Y

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

61 1

SHIPPING EGGS OR FOWLS TO CUBA

I expect next Spring or Fall to go to the
Isle of I’ines (just south of Cuba) to live,
and raise oranges, grape fruit, tangerines and
Winter vegetables. 1 have a very tine strain
of Barred Plymouth Bocks and want to take
them with me. Do you think they would do
well in that climate? I will also take some
Black Minorca eggs with me ; will they do
well south, or what breed would you advise
me to take? G. F. y.

Buffalo, N. Y.

I have shipped fowls to Cuba and other
southern countries. 1 would advise taking
the fowls rather than eggs, and to take along
two males in case one should die.

a. c. HAWKINS.

We think there would be no trouble in tak¬
ing the B. P. Rocks down to the Isle of I’ines.
We think they would thrive well there with
good care. Would advise giving them plenty
of shade and a variety of food, and feel con¬
fident they would make good returns.

JAMES RANKIN.

We would advise your customer to take his
poultry with him rather than to depend on
eggs for hatching. We have shipped breed¬
ing stock many times to Cuba and other
southern points, and do not remember ever
receiving a single unfavorable report, but do
distinctly remember very good reports coming
from such shipments. knapp bros.

I have sent White Leghorns to Cuba, also
eggs for hatching. The eggs do not hatch
very well, owing, no doubt, to rough handling
in transit. The White Leghorns have done
nicely, the climate seeming io be favorable
to Mediterraneans. As to how Barred Ply¬
mouth Rocks would do there I do not know,
but would prefer to take the birds there
rather than to take eggs. H. J. Blanchard.

Although one of the non-sitting breeds
would seem to be better suited to the warm
climate of the Isle of Pines, I see no reason
why Barred Rocks would not do well, and
if the strain is a really tine one would at
least take enough to give a foundation Hock
instead of depending on eggs and starting
over again. The greatest difficulty with the
Plymouth Rocks would be their disposition to
sit during the hot weather, when even a Leg¬
horn sometimes fancies a vacation.

FLOYD Q. WHITE.

We would not advise your customer who ex¬
pects to go to the Isle of Pines to try to
transport any eggs for hatching. It will be
much better for him to take along one or two,
preferably two, pens of good breeding stock.
If he takes them in large roomy coops he will
have no trouble in getting the birds there In
good condition. Ordinarily, we think any of
the Leghorn varieties are better for the trop¬
ical climates, although we are advised that
some of our customers in Mexico are doing
very well indeed with the Plymouth Rocks
and White Wyandottes. As a rule, however,
we should judge from what we have learned
that any of the Mediterranean varieties are
more satisfactory. cyphers incubator co.

" e have shipped White Leghorns to Cuba
and Porto Rico, and know no reason why
Plymouth Rocks would not do as well in that
climate as Minorcas or Leghorns. We would
advise shipping the hens rather than taking
the eggs and hatching them there, for it is a
difficult matter to ship eggs so far and get
a good hatch of chickens. To get good re¬
sults, when packing eggs for hatching, they
should be packed in excelsior or other springy
material, each egg wrapped separately. This
will prevent the jarring during shipment
which spoils so many eggs for batching.
Since packing eggs after this plan we have
had few complaints of poor hatches and no
broken eggs. The express rate on 100 pounds
live poultry between New York City and the
Isle of Pines is $10 via the Cuban and Pan-
American Express Co. For this sum about
15 hens could be shipped, and this flock would
produce nearly 1,000 eggs during the hatching
season, which could be hatched in one incu¬
bator by keeping it going during the Spring
months as fast as the eggs were laid. If
1,000 eggs were shipped instead of the 15
hens the cost would be about the same, and
it would require several Incubators to he in
operation at the same time to incubate the
eggs before they got too old to hatch. Every¬
thing considered, we think shipping the
chickens would give double the results over
shipping the eggs such a distance.

ZIMMER BROS.

I think Black Minorcas would be more sat¬
isfactory than Barred Rocks in Cuba. The
Minorca is a lighter feathered bird and a non¬
sitter. Lice of all kinds are ever with us,
but a sitting hen is doubly afflicted. I know
that this is a serious question in warm cli¬
mates. Some of my customers prefer birds
and some eggs to be sent them, some thinking
that birds hatched in a different climate from
where they were produced will not feel the
difference in the change so much. But in
points where eggs have to pass through the
custom house they are often delayed until the
warm temperature has ruined them. I had
one customer in Cuba who wrote to have his
Bggs sent by mail, as they would be from two
to three weeks at the custom house if sent by
express. I never had sent eggs that way, but
to oblige the man I did so. Minorca eggs are

so heavy that the one sitting had to be divid¬
ed into two packages. It is needless to say
that I did not mark these eggs, “Eggs for
hatching; handle with care.” I just let them
go. They reached the man the sixth day, one
being cracked, none broken. IIow those that
hatched matured and became acclimated I
never knew. Again, I sent eggs to Honolulu.
The steamer broke down, and the eggs were
all spoiled. Birds properly cooped and pro¬
vided with food would have gone safely.
These instances are only examples. Why does
not the inquirer try both ways, since he has
the stock and they are doubtless laying?

MRS. GEO. E. MONROE.

I think the B. P. Rock will stand the
change of climate, and would be more pro¬
ductive than any other breed you could ship
to Cuba. We have shipped a great many
birds to that country, but the majority have
been Plymouth Rocks, and if the inquirer has
a good line of these fowls he is perfectly safe
in shipping them to that country. The only
care to lie exercised is to be sure that they
are properly fed during the trip, and fed very
lightly after they have reached their destina¬
tion, until they become acclimated. The trou¬
ble with the majority of birds is the cholera.
The Black Minorcas will stand the climate,
but I think the Barred Plymouth Rocks will
give better satisfaction. He should ship pul¬
lets, not old hens, and strong, vigorous cock¬
erels, not cock birds. wm. v. russ.

TROUBLE WITH YOUNG CHICKS.

Why do incubator chicks come out of the
shell stuck up with a sticky, gluey substance,
taking 20 to 24 hours to dry off, while others
in same lot die In the shell even after they
have broken the shell almost entirely around?
•The chicks seem to get smaller after a few
days than when first hatched, and are very
weak, 50 or 60 per cent, dying and the re¬
mainder not making satisfactory growth. The
incubator has been run according to direc¬
tions sent out with it, eggs aired five to 20
minutes without moisture. Would I get bet¬
ter results by airing the eggs longer and using
some moisture? The machine in question is
a hot-air machine, and has four two-inch holes
In bottom covered with wire cloth, through
which the foul air is supposed to escape.
When the chicks hatch and fall on the bottom
of the machine the flannelette cloth presses
down over the ventilators, thus shutting off
the escape of the gases. May not this be
the cause of the trouble? a. o.

Tipton, Ark.

So many things may combine to pro¬
duce the conditions that this correspond¬
ent complains of that it is difficult, if not
impossible, to specify any single thing as
the cause. He says he “has run the in¬
cubator according to the directions sent
with it,” but doesn’t say whether it was
run in a damp cellar or in a dry room
well aired; and it makes all the differ¬
ence in the world, so to speak, where the
incubator stood. In such hot dry weather
as we have had this Spring and Summer
I do not think any hot-air incubator could
be successfully run (except in a very
damp place) without moisture being sup¬
plied. The condition of the chicks as he
describes them indicates insufficient mois¬
ture, and it is no wonder that chicks so
poorly hatched do not live, or do not
thrive even if they do not die. The con¬
dition of the hen that lays the egg is also
a factor that cannot be neglected. I have
seen chicks when hatched under hens
come out in that “sticky, gluey,” condi¬
tion, such chicks being always weakly, and
would generally die sooner or later. As
a breeder who raises and keeps several
thousand fowls said to me: “If it wasn’t
for the raising of chicks the hen business
would be easy; that requires an expert.”
After G. O. has been in the hen business
10 years he will begin to learn what a
hqap of things he doesn’t know about it.

It is good practice to set eggs under
hens at the same time the incubator is
started, so you can compare the size of the
air chamber and see whether the incubator
eggs are drying out too fast or not fast
enough ; also as a means of comparing the
chicks when hatched, for if both hen and
incubator chicks come out poorly it is like¬
ly that the parent stock is not in good
condition. Pre-natal influences control
much more than is usually considered.
^ ou have a fine lot of chicks hatched out
all the same size, all equally lively; can¬
not tell them apart the first week; the sec¬
ond week a few seem not quite so large
as the rest; next week it is more marked¬
ly so; some do not feather out like the
rest ; at the end of six or eight weeks
some of the chicks are twice as large as
others in the same brood, and yet all have
been under the same conditions as to
housing, food, etc. I think the determin¬
ing causes of that difference were largely
if not wholly in the egg when it was

GEO. A. COSGROVE.

TUBULARS WRING GOLD FROM MILK

Tubular butter brings 25 to 35 cents. Cream is worth only one cent for stock food. Yet
many farmers have no separator— only half skim their milk by setting— lose 24 cents on
cream fed to stock— and wonder why dairying don’t pay. Tubolara stop this lou,
Tnbnlan getthc Inst drop of cream
out of tlie milk— make big profits. Tubu-
I larsare the only modern separators. Notice
I the low can and enclosed gears. Write
for catalog S-153

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO., WEST CHESTER, PA.

T0R0HT0, CAM. CHICAQO, ILl.

CREAM SEPARATORS

When writing, itnk for new Catalog II. It is free, if you mention this paper.

TEN Green Mountain Silos, with a
total capacity of one thousand four hundred
tons, are in use on Briarcliff Farms ;
that is, these great farms feed to their famous
herds of pure-bred registered Jerseys fourteen
hundred tons of Green Mountain Si¬
lage annually. They began with one Green
Mountain Silo on trial and are now using
TEN.

Green Mountain Silos are in use by a
greater number of public institutions, State and
National, by a greater number of progressive
farmers, and on a greater number of fine farms,
especially where registered stock is kept and
bred, than all other silos put together. They
have all adopted the famous Green Mountain
Silo because they know it to be the best.

Briarcliff Manor, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1904.

We have on our farms now, ten of your Green Mountain Silos, and they are doing all
lhat you claim for them and giving us perfect satisfaction. — Harry H. Law, Supl. Briarcliff .

Green Mountain Silos

Are storehouses from which green pasturage, sweet, fresh and juicy, may
be conveniently and profitably fed all the year round to cattle, horses,
sheep, hogs and poultry, keeping them thrifty, healthy, and fat at only
half the cost of other feed. With Green Mountain Silage twice as
many cows can be kept at the same cost for feed and every cow will
give twenty-five per cent more milk. Green Mountain Silage makes
one-fourth more beef, more milk, more cream, more butter and more
money for the farmer, the dairyman, the stock raiser.

STODDARD MFG. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

SILOS

Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hay¬
ing Tools. R. C. REEVES CO.,
187 Water Street, New York.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO,

Dept. K, Utica, N. V.

k J 4ak«r $ of Harrow* , Cui f iv O-

tor*, i*otato liarv**Ur»,

A'ro. a

You
can pul-
v e r i z e
more thor¬
oughly and
epread more
evenly with the

Standard >
Manure Spreader

because It has a dttrerent Beat-
or, a (lllTerent Kako and Hood—
load not thrown high in air and
blown about. Spreads full width ^M
and does noc vary In width. W

Endgiti Motes Away From Lead. 1

One lever raises endgato and puts en¬
tire machine In operation. Non-break-
able mechanism to change feed.

Spraada 5 io 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK A SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

SELF ADJUSTI'TO HOOP SILO.

We have the only SILO >n the market that does not
require attention after erection. We use an automatic
adjusting attachment on each rod to take up the rod
when the silo shrinks. Also a perfecting working
door and a perfect open door front. Write for full
particulars and prices.

KEYSTONE SILO CO., Linesville, Pa.

h h a h ■ ■ ou-tu r mine, r o u n <l .
m Built once for all. Best

VIm V preservers, most durable.

models of convenience,
cheapest m the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

,->.THE
^ -ANIMALS*
J(v, :^.vFRiEND

* W0T’* Kills every fly It strikes,
y’* * when either of our patent
• • * sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. £hoo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab-
solutely harmless to man or
beast. Cures all sores, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
1885, because it protects cows
in pasture from all insect
pests longer than any iraita-
tion. Halfcent's worth saves
Squarts milk and much flesh. N O LICK in poultry house orany
place it is sprayed. If your dealer does uotkeepShoo- Fly (made in
Philadelphia, Pa.,) send $1.00 for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough Shoo- Fly to protect 200cows. Name exp. office. Dol¬
lar returned If cows not protected. Free Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 60 cows in few minutes.

AH00-FLY MF’G, CO., 1026 Falrmount. Phlla., Pa.

EDITOR know, (torn ixperlenc. Shoo-Fly 1» O. K.

6j2

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 12, 1005.

£*#******#♦*«»?«*»;♦**
£*/ *«i«4 «*¥****«» *,1Va

. *■

ii”~l

$*89

:?**«*»*;

The Only Ensilage Cutter Exhibited
at St. Louis that was awarded

A GOLD MEDAL.

The Silver Manufacturing Co

SALEM,
•» OHIO.

fmtMiii&n&w-

SiWtHUr —

■mini

‘gp# 9 ?V #<? # $ 6 & is &iix

t ^ ^ •fr# j # «

mimWviuti

ilffifPii

*,*4«*04*

’W#0%

'■■ ■ ., t ■
t zt% I

»»Mk

-:' - I

1

OH Is/)

Self Feed
Blower

NSILAGE
CUTTERS

will cut more corn into half inch lengths and elevate it into the Silo with a given amount of power than
any Ensilage Cutters made. 1 his has been demonstrated so often that it is now admitted that the
“Chios ” excel in the essentials of maximum capacity with the minimum of power. In proof note this
tcll-)lc * •

No. 14. Capacity 12 to 15 tons per hour cut in 14 inch lengths. Power 8 to 10 H. P. steam.

N°. 17. Capacity 16 to 20 tons per hour cut inJ4 inch lengths. Power 10 to 12 H. P. steam.

No. 19. Capacity 20 to 25 tons per hour cut in inch lenghs. Power 12 H. P. steam.

Our own tests in actual operation show the above facts. The experience of thousands of owners of “Ohio” outfits show
these same facts, i o make every buyer absolutely safe we back these facts with a positive and reliable guarantee. In addition
to the sizes named above we continue to make Nos. 13, 16 and 18 “Ohio” Self Feed Cutters, equipped with either Blower or
Cham Elevators, as the buyer may desire. The Self Feed oiv the “Ohio” increases the capacity 33^ per cent and saves 662^
per cent of the labor required in feeding a cutter. Our patented “Ohio” Silage Distributor, which is the latest and most effici¬
ent distributor made, saves the expense of one or more men in the Silo when cutting. Easily adjusted from the ground so as to
distribute the cut material to all parts of the silo.

More money can be made out of milk cows and
beef cattle by feeding silage than by any other means.

On silage ration, milk costs 68Xc, per 100 lbs.

On grain ration, milk costs $1.05 “ “ “

Average net profit per cow per month on silage

$5.86>^, with grain $2.46j£. State experiment Stations have demonstrated by tests that Silage Clover
Hay and 4 pounds of grain as a daily ration will
produce 40 per cent more beef during winter
months than by other foods. The sheep feeder,
the hog feeder and particularly the man who
has brood sows to carry over, have found ensi¬
lage quite as cheap and efficient for their uses.

Silage costs about $1.50 per ton in silo.

Our Large Illustrated Catalogue will give
you a splendid idea of the “Ohio” Cutters, their quality
and advantage. We will mail you a copy free if you will
ask for it. Write today. ‘‘Modern Silage Methods,” the
latest and best hook on the subject, fully illustrated and
covering the entire subject — construction, planting, feed¬
ing, results, etc., will be mailed for 10c coin o. stamps.

The“Ohios” are manufactured only by

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent commission

to get oiilers for our celebrated Teak,
Coffee*. Spices, Kxtracta and Baking
I’.iwder. Beautiful Presents and Coupon*
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York.

l

THE COIL

Sn our horizon¬
tal bars provides
a life and elas¬
ticity fonnd in no other fence.
jTreos may fall across or run-away
teams run into it, but remove the
pressure and the fence resumes its
former upright position. Write us.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,
Hex 7 88, A <lrfu n. Mich.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen’s Profits. Every Cutter fully war
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BOX No. 57.

*Tlic Smalley*

Cutters and Bio wers

The only Cutter and Blower containing safety feed device,
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Harder Mfg. Co.. Box ||. Cobleskill, N. Y.

QuakerCity Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal,
crur ny TDIAI Bunt in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
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Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

The Smalley Modern Silo Filler

TAKES LESS POW¬
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only blower that pro¬
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GREATER CAPACITY

because the machines have flaring sides
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ample power to run a cutter and blower from
10 to 15 tons capacity per hour. Many are
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CHEAPER TO OPERATE because
the self feed table is so wide. No feeder
necessary. Simply drop the unbound bun¬
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does the rest. The blower is guaranteed to
handle all the machine can cut, and elevate
same to a silo ot any height. The fan case
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because our machines cut faster.

SPECIAL SIZES. Our specials No.
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ACCIDENTS ARE IMPOSSIBLE

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DRIVING DEVICE

is new and effective. Drive belt runs
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MOUNTINGS. We have a durable
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PRICES are lower than machines of
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DON’T EXPERIMENT. It’s an¬
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Our free catalogue fully explains the
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SMALLEY MANUFACTURING CO., Box 321, Manitowoc, WIs.

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Roof Leak ?

Throw shingles away.

Keep dry with well-laid roof of
"The Register ”

3tiRtftotK

ROOFING

Will not leak in driving rain or melting snow.
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Samples Sent Free

with Complete Roofing Book.

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70 India St, Boston

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS
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One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level plITTCQQ
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ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR'LWORKS.PottstQWn, Pa

GRAIN DRILL

The YORK FORCE FEED DRILL combines
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AWARD¬
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\V eight.

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THE HENCH & DR0MG0LD CO.

Mfr*., Y ork, Pa. DADK ALSO WITH DISC

Vol. LXIV. No. 2899.

NEW YORK, AUGUST 19, 1905.

WEEKLY, ¥1.00 PER YEAR

WHEN SHALL WE HAUL MANURE?

Get If Out at Once.

What is the relative value of Spring top-dressing com¬
pared with Kail top-dressing upon old meadows, using plenty
of well rotted stable manure? ’ b. f. H.

Slight Loss from Leaching.

I firmly believe the loss in manure from leaching and
in other ways, in most cases, is much less than when
taken directly from the stable to the field. If a man
has a covered barnyard with cement bottom, and
tne manure is well trodden by the stock, he can hold it
without loss generally, but with all others the loss will
be much less when taken directly to the field, unless the
land is overflowed hy streams, or on a steep hillside
which is covered with ice. An experience of 20 years
in hauling manure directly from the stables to the
fields, on hillsides and other places, has convinced me
the loss from leaching and evaporation in the field is
very slight, and nearly all farmers in this vicinity have
adopted that plan which they find very satisfactory.

New York. d. p. witter.

Hauling Directly to the Fields.

The practice of hauling manure directly
to the fields is ideal. There can be no
gain, but always loss, in storing, even un¬
der the most favorable conditions; and
under unfavorable conditions the loss is
far more than is realized even hy many
of the most painstaking farmers. But,
like everything else connected with the
work of the farm, judgment on the part
of the individual, as to time and place
of spreading, should be used. The first
consideration of course is whether, if
there is slight loss by washing, this is not
more than counterbalanced by the loss
from leaching, or from fermenting in the
heap, when storecl. For years our prac¬
tice has been to haul our Summer manure
to the fields, beginning as early as pos¬
sible after the work of harvesting is com¬
plete, and to spread it evenly on land that
is to be broken in Spring for the next
season’s crop. 1 f the spreader is not
used, the manure is spread directly from
the carts, as evenly as possible, and at the
close of each day’s work, a heavy brush
harrow is run over it, thoroughly fining,
and mixing it with the stubble. We have
found this to be a good practice upon a fairly level
clay-loam field, and as far as loss is concerned, wc
should not hesitate to spread it daily through the Sum¬
mer months. There are places in this field that are
somewhat rolling, and careful watch has been kept to
observe any possible loss from washing of the manure
into the lower places. I should certainly urge the
wisdom of spreading in this manner, even on quite roll¬
ing land, if the manure is fined by running through the
spreader, or if the brush is run over it. I believe there
is more loss of actual value from our manure piles, than
we at first suppose. In the first place, as a rule, there
are not enough absorbent materials used to absorb and
hold the liquids, and keep them in a permanent mixture
with the solids. Then, the piles are allowed to become
peaked, and from their sides much of this most avail¬
able portion of the manure falls, and either settles by
itself at their base, or finds it way into brooks ana
rivers, or goes' on to portions of the farm where it is
not needed. There is another loss which may he far
greater than this, and that is the burning up of the
organic matter by fermenting. This loss too often oc¬
curs in the best manure sheds and basements. The fact
is rapidly becoming known that there is more of value
in farm manure than its actual content of plant food ;

that its organic matter is of value to add to the humus
of the soil, and to assist it in storing nitrogen and re¬
taining moisture, and therefore, whenever any portion
of this material is lost from manure, the loss is as real
as though actual plant food had escaped from it. When
manure is once spread evcidy on the land, there can be
no loss except from washing, and this loss will, I am
very sure, be small.

The only time I would not advise the daily spreading
of manure is when the snows of Winter lie upon the
fields. It would, of necessity, be left in lumps, and
when the snows are melting in Spring, there might be
quite a loss from washing. This, I think, would not
hold true if spread upon the snows of early winter.
I should therefore advise that in sections of country
where snows do not fall deeply and whenever the work
can be made consistent with the seasonable work of the
farm, the manure be hauled directly to the fields as fast
as made, even though the land is quite rolling, provided
the spreading is done thoroughly either hy the use of the
spreader or of the brush harrow. I presume it is not
necessary to say to readers that the pernicious practice
of dumping manure in small heaps from a cart, these

heaps to be thrown about with a fork at some future
time, is conducive of much loss. Ideal manuring con¬
sists in placing a particle of manure in contact with
every particle of the soil, and this cannot be accom¬
plished except by most painstaking effort, spreading di¬
rectly from the cart, or hy the use of that almost indis¬
pensable farm implement, the manure spreader.

Maine. b. walker mc keen.

Handle It with Common Sense.

I am one of those brought up to draw the manure out
in the Spring, or haul it in Winter to large piles, and
then reload and spread later. When it was first advo¬
cated to draw it direct to the field and spread on frozen
ground or snow I thought it altogether wrong, and that
there must be a great loss. After watching the methods
of a neighbor for several years and carefully noting his
crops, I was surprised to find that he had best yields
when the manure was put out in Winter. I then began
drawing it direct to the field from the stable and spread¬
ing on the land. For T think the most foolish man is
the one who persists in a practice simply because it is
his or his father’s, and is not willing at least to try if
there is not “a more excellent way. After 18 years’
experience of drawing direct to the field I am ready most

heartily to recommend it, in the great majority of cases.
Like everything else, one must use common sense. I
would not draw and spread it in the Winter on a steep
hillside, where it might be washed down bodily. On
such land in any case the sooner after it is applied I
can incorporate it with the soil the better. Neither
would 1 spread on land not so steep but rolling, when
there was a heavy body of snow or ice on the ground,
that might in a sudden thaw carry some of the manure
off with it. Neither do I spread it at such times in my
bottom lands, that are liable to overflow in the Winter
or early Spring. There the cases too where one may
want to use a large amount of manure for seeding in the
Fall. In such cases it must be held over. For this I
prefer to keep that in the sheep pens or box stalls, and
that must be held in long, but not deep piles, away
from the eaves of buildings. Better yet, cover such piles
with earth.

I find 1 get less loss, quicker returns, and more perma¬
nent benefit applying it to meadow land or where I am
to plant corn or potatoes than to hold for seeding or
top-dressing. I find many are very much exercised
about the loss in the field, and never think of the loss
in the stable or yard. I don’t suppose
Solomon had manure in mind when he
said, “there is that scattereth and yet in-
creaseth, and there is that withholdeth
more than is meet, but it tendeth to pov¬
erty”, but he would have been sound if he
had. I am afraid some make the fear of loss
in the field an excuse for unwillingness
to put forth the effort to haul it in the
Winter. It is much easier on a cold day
to throw it out of a door or window than
to take it to the field, but think of the labor
saved in the Spring, and the damage often
done to the land by going over it when
wet and soft. On the home farm the
writer has made since November 1 (ex¬
clusive of that in the sheep pens) about
300 two-horse loads of manure, which,
except Sundays, has gone direct to the
field. Most of the time the teams that did
this would have been idle otherwise, and
except when for a little time the snow
was very deep, we could get anywhere
with care, with a heavy load. 'When the
manure is in a pile the liquid soon oozes
out, and if it is not frozen, it heats, and
valuable parts are lost. If the piles are
where the roof drips on them, there is the
washing too. Does it not wash and leach
on the ground in the field? No, not to any extent. If
the ground is frozen or covered with snow and the ma¬
nure is spread thin, it at once freezes. Then there is no
heating, and even if it is rained on there is little loss.
True after a rain or thaw there will often be seen dark
colored liquid running from the field. Most of this is
simply tannin or coloring matter, and such water has
been found to contain but little plant food. A very dif¬
ferent thing when water falls on a pile of fermenting
manure, which is just in shape to lose its volatile salts.
Never put it in little piles in the field. Then it will heat,
wash and lose plant food. edward van alstyne.

Haul Every Day in Year.

If there is any one farm question about which I have
but one opinion, and that unalterable, it is the immedi¬
ate application of every forkful of manure, from every
animal on the farm, no matter what kind, every day in
the year that a team can get to the field, from January
I to December 31. There will sometimes be a few days
in the Spring, when one would do harm upon the land;
with us but few days are against us. We find a place
near the barn, anywhere, no matter whether we really
need it in such a place. I know it will not have to be
handled again, and that the loss will be the least pos-

FRINCESS KORNDYKE MANOR DE KOL, NO. 62256. Fig. 258.

See Page 616.

6 14

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 19,

sible. Farmers say : “Why, how can we get out in the
deep snow?” If there is a place in this country that
has deeper snow and more days of it than where 1 live,
Lewis County, N. Y., that place has not yet kept live
stock, and yet at no time last Winter in our stable and
farm, where we drive into the dairy stable, and take the
hog manure out with carrier, has there been a forkful
of manure around the buildings. That I may not be
misunderstood, let me say that I rent a small barn that
was built with cement manure pit under the cows. The
manure goes into this pit, and goes out weekly, but I
don’t like the plan, and as soon as possible shall build
to avoid it. I have been unable to get the point of
view correctly of those who are sure manure wastes in
the field spread 1 2 to 20 loads to the acre. Experience
is the best teacher. I have never known failure of con¬
version to follow the practice when it was fairly done.
I have known men to haul iu the mid-Winter months
from stock fed upon coarse, bulky feed, and compare it
with manure from grain fed cows in the Spring, and
of course results would be against the Winter manure.
The value was not over 50 per cent at the start.

If anyone will apply manure upon snow or even
ice on a side hill so steep that the team cannot draw the
load directly up the bill, he will find if upon a sod, that
he w'ill need a magnifying glass the following season
to see effect in plant growth below the manure line.
This simple experiment has probably converted more
men to the daily application method than any other
means. On the other hand, there is every known objec¬
tion to the around-the-barn practice. There is, first, the
extra handling and the loss of all the liquid matter that
can be pressed out by the weight of the pile, which is
greater by far than the effect of rain and snow. I know
men have often found less difference in the daily appli¬
cation than they had expected when they honestly
thought it should be so handled. When such cases are
analyzed you will find that the manure was dropped in
open gutters, and probably 25 per cent was lost before
the owmer touched it. That kind of manure surely
would not lose by standing as much as that from a
cement gutter. I would not so strenuously debate the
question with a man who has a cement bottom for his
manure, and does not let it heat, so far as the waste
before application is concerned, but he is the man who
usually applies in the Spring just before planting, all
right enough if abundance of rain follows. Coverings
are usually built over the manure. It is under the piles
that we want the roof. If he could prevent fermentation
through the Summer (which is impossible) and top-
dress a sod in the Fall the scheme would not be bad.
He would lose the use for a year, but the time of appli¬
cation would be the very best. Rut why all this labor,
trouble and loss? The great factor is that farmers do
not consider manure as one of the farm assets; if they
did they would look more closely to its conservation.

I can understand where one has a few animals and a
large quantity of straw to work over that it would be
impracticable to haul daily, and probably where the
absorbent is so much in excess of the voidings there
would be small loss. Build tight gutters (concrete),
haul daily and spread where you want it, preferably upon
young clover plants, and be happy. h. e. cook.

EXPERIENCE WITH A “CRACKERJACK.”

I wish F. M. H., page 555, had advertised for a
crackerjack a little sooner, for we have just had one
that we could not keep, and possibly we might have
passed him along to F. M. H. He (the crackerjack)
came to our door late last Saturday night, and said he
wanted a place to work. He was a decent appearing,
elderly man ; said he owned a farm of (54 acres in Wy¬
oming County, but that the recent loss of his wife had
compelled him to lease his farm and make his own home
with a married daughter, who lived in a village. When
Joe asked him what he could do, he replied : “Oh ! I’m
a regular crackerjack; I can do ’most anything; I can’t
pitch hay, ’cause I am so nervous, and I can’t hoe, or
mow with a scythe, ’cause I have a pleurisy in my side,
and I ain’t much of a hand with carpenter’s tools, but I
can do most anything.” Joe looked somewhat amused,
but finally hired the man, and I hustled around and got
him some supper, with visions of a nice new straw¬
berry bed, a better-kept lawn, freshly-painted screen
doors and porch floors, etc., flitting through my mind.
Sunday he occupied the easiest chair in the house and
absorbed my new library book. Sunday afternoon he
seemed muchly surprised that Joe would not allow him
to take our good gray Bonnie and the shiny buggy to
drive over to Newark, a distance of some 12 or 14 miles.
Monday morning Joe set him to picking sour cherries,
and I could see from the kitchen that he did not like
his job, though he managed to be all day picking the
fruit from two small trees. At the supper table he re¬
marked that he “should have to give up standing on a
ladder, the bottoms of his feet were so tender,” and
Tuesday morning he took his departure, and we are
right where we were a week ago as far as help goes.
With seven acres of strong Alfalfa our haying is like

the poor, it “is always with us;” there are 20 trees of
apricots that need picking to-morrow and next day; the
first early peaches are ripening and the packing house
needs cleaning and getting ready for the Fall fruit cam¬
paign ; the henhouses need new roofs, spraying and
whitewashing, and though I wage a daily war with the
weeds, they are gaining on me, so I think we shall hire
the next man that comes along looking for work, if he is
not a crackerjack, and try our luck again.

Ontario Co., N. Y. clara Richardson roper.

THE HAY MACHINERY QUESTION.

Does the Horse Fork Pay?

J he R. N.-Y. is almost if not always right. The
idea of looking up the machinery question is a most ex-

'

FLOWER OF MARIPOSA TULIP. Fig. 259.
See Ituralisms, Page 618.

cellent one. It seems as though more machinery on the
farm will have to be used to take the place of hired
help, which one cannot find. But there arc so many
machines that one cannot buy them all, and he needs
to be well informed in order to make a suitable selec¬
tion. The hay loader is being discussed, but the reports
indicate that if a hay loader is used, a side-delivery
rake and a horse fork for unloading must also be at
hand. Now, about the horse fork, I know many will
say that the horse fork is so common that no discus-

PROLIFIC CURRANTS. Fig. 260. See Page 616.

sion need be had. Well, the horse fork isn’t so com¬
mon after all. Its use requires an extra horse, or the
trouble of changing from the wagon. It requires an
extra hand to handle the horse. How about mowing
away? We used to have a horse fork of an old-fash¬
ioned sort that would carry 100 to 200 pounds at a
time. In the old gable barn this fork seemed a neces¬
sity to pitch over the big beam. Now almost all the
pitching off is down into the bay from the upper floor
in an “overshot” barn. By the ordinary loading, not
much time can be saved by unloading with a horse.

When it comes to mowing away in a bay 18 x 40 feet,
the man on the mow can keep it level and in good
shape. If one is to unload hay at the rate of four
forkfuls to the load, how is the poor fellow on the
mow going to manage? With the old fork that we used,
the man- could stand under the hay. and as it dropped
he could easily throw it in different directions and keep
his mow in shape. But if 500 pounds of hay are shot
down at him from a 30-foot elevation, I guess he would
better stand from under. The advocates of the hay fork
say let it drop right ip the middle of your 40- foot bay,
and as that fills let it roll off each way, keeping the
middle the highest. How will that affect the barn?
Will not the pressure be considerable on the sides?
How will the hay come out in the Winter? Will it not
hang together and make as much trouble getting it out
as the method has saved putting it in? I should like
to see the answers of those who know. h. h. lyon.
Chenango Co., N. Y.

PLAIN TALES FOR PRACTICAL PEOPLE.

A Few Lawn Questions.

Can you tell me why my lawn is coming up all over with
coarse grass, and will it continue another year? Part of
the lawn was dug over and sowed with fine grass, which was
doing well, but this part Is as bad as any. If a garden Is
kept well weeded and the weeds thrown in the pen for pigs
to work over, will the manure be ready the next season?
Worcester, Mass. j. K. B

Crab and other annual grasses are very common on
new lawns, as the seed is spread everywhere in drifting
snow and comes up during hot, rainy weather wherever
there is a vacancy in rich soil. Close and frequent
cutting ano heavy rolling on the lawn is the surest cure
for these coarse grasses and other weeds that may
come up at this season. Crab grass throws out many
flowering heads near the soil, and is quite certain to
form seed even if closely cut, but if a lawn is fre¬
quently trimmed and rolled it will do little harm in suc¬
ceeding years. Weeds pulled at this season and thrown
to the hogs should be thoroughly well fitted for making
compost next season.

Disease of Rose Leaves.

I enclose diseased leaves of my Jacqueminot rose, which
1 suppose is suffering from mildew ; at any rate, the leaves
are dropping and growth of plant about stopped, and a
sickly appearance prevails. Can you give a remedy? My
Philadelphia Rambler, which you sent a little more than a
year ago, gave some bloom, and now has four canes about
three feet tall. j A ,.

Moreland, N. Y.

The rose leaves sent for inspection were not affected
by mildew, but by Black spot, a much more troublesome
rose disease. It generally appears when the plants are
checked in growth from either dry weather or exces¬
sive moisture. There is no cure after the trouble has
once appeared. The best treatment is to pick off the
affected leaves and clean away those that have dropped
to the ground ; cultivate well and as soon as growth
starts again fertilize with some form of liquid manure.
Black spot does not often kill rose plants, but checks
their growth and spoils the bloom for a season. The
plants may outgrow it in time, and be as healthy as
ever. The best preventive is thoroughly to spray the
plants during very dry or wet weather, before the dis¬
ease appears, with Bordeaux Mixture of the strength
of four pounds each of copper sulphate and lime to
50 gallons of water.

Poison Ivy; Blueberries; Old Grapevines.

1. IIow can I get rid of poison ivy vines? They overrun
my fences, stone walls and blueberry patch. 2. My farm is
natural blueberry land I have a large patch, but much of
it has grown up. In the young growth of maples, birch,
etc., I find a great number of old blueberry bushes which do
not bear now. If this growth is cut down will these bushes
bear again, or new ones grow? IIow can I keep the patch
in good condition. 3. There are a number of neglected
grapevines on my farm. The leaves are numerous, but
do not look healthy. Can I restore these vines, or will it
be cheaper to buy new ones. c. 11. r.

Townsend Harbor, Mass.

1. The only way to get rid of poison ivy is thor¬
oughly to dig it out and dispose of it root and branch
by burning or drying in the sun. Many persons are
not affected by poison ivy, and have no hesitation in
handling the plant. If susceptible to the poison it is
necessary to wear heavy gloves in handling it. 2. Blue¬
berry or huckleberry lands that cease to produce can
be restored by burning over in early Spring or late Fall
so as to kill the old bushes. A good growth will spring
up that will bear profusely the following season. It is
good practice to burn over blueberry lands every third
year, taking care the old bushes are quite thoroughly
killed off. Another treatment necessary is to cut down
or clear out interfering brush of other kinds. 3. It
seldom pays to attempt at restoring old, neglected
grapevines, as the roots come too near the surface to
allow very thorough plowing or cultivation. If attempt¬
ed. the branches would have to be thoroughly pruned
or cut back closely, and the weeds grubbed or hoed out.

It would probably be more economical to root out the
old vines and start new ones in clean soil. If the
restoration of the old vines is preferred it would be well
to apply ground bone at the rate of half a pound to the
square yard and wood ashes one or two pounds to the
yard, well worked in after the ground has been cleared
of weeds and grass.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

6i5

SHORT STORIES.

ROSE BUGS AND GRAPES. — I note with interest
the “Rose bug-’ notes on page 522. I abhor this pest
above all others, and when he starts in to destroy my
delicately beautiful white roses and pink paeonies it
rouses all the latent murder in my make-up, and L
“welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable
graves.” But hand picking is only practicable in the
“lean” years. We ought to be thankful that his time
above ground is so brief; if the season was as long as
that of the Potato and Asparagus- beetles every green
thing would be destroyed. I know of but two ways to
save the grapes ; plant kinds that the Rose chafer dis¬
criminates against, or cover the vines with mosquito net¬
ting just previous to the advent of the pest. With me
Delaware and Green Mountain suffer but little when
left uncovered, and if there are grapes of finer quality
than these two I have not found them yet. The bugs
swarmed over everything this year. My vines were
heavy with bloom, but now Moore’s Early and Moore’s
Diamond have scattering ragged clusters ; Regal and
Delaware look fairly well, and Green Mountain is loaded
with fine clusters. These are the varieties that I am in¬
creasing. CHAS. A. BANNISTER.

Massachusetts.

POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— On page 568
II. II. B., of Connecticut, asks those who are not ven¬
ders, but growers of potted strawberry plants to give
their experience with potted plants. I am not a vender
of plants, but have for many years practiced potting
strawberry plants for my own use, and am so well satis¬
fied with the method that I set nothing but potted
plants. My method of pot¬
ting is somewhat different
from many other growers.

The runners, after roots are
well started, arc pulled from
the parent plant and taken to
the greenhouse and potted ;
the pots are then plunged in
dirt in cold frames, covered
with muslin screens to protect
from sun, kept well watered,
and in a very few days make
fine, large, healthy plants,
with far less work than the
old method of potting in the
field. I use thousands of
them each season, and by this
method I can clean off old
beds and reset at once. Care
must always be taken that
potted plants do not remain
in the pots too long and get
pot-bound. The claim that
potted plants will produce a
full crop of fruit in 10 months
after setting is, in my experi¬
ence, misleading, and such
statements should always be
taken “cum grano salis.” I
get a large crop of fine ber¬
ries the first season after set¬
ting potted plants, often as
many as a quart from a sin¬
gle plant, but not a full crop as compared with the sec¬
ond season s crop on the same plants. My experience
with potted strawberry plants extends over a period
of nearly 30 years, and I am still a firm believer in
them when properly handled. a. a. halladay.

Vermont.

BURBANK’S FRUITS. — I read with interest the ar¬
ticles by M. L. Benson and E. P. Fisher on the Burbank
fruits. It certainly would be a matter of interest and
profit to the fruit growers of the eastern part of the
United States if the value of these fruits would be
impartially discussed, leaving out all personal consid¬
erations entirely, for it is unfortunate, to say the least,
that so many have been sold on Burbank’s reputation,
and not on their own merits. Practical fruit growers
will not expect the same fruit to succeed equally well
in all locations. In Kansas the Burbank may fully
equal the Europeans in quality, but such a statement
here would make a fruit grower smile; neither would
he know what to do with a crop of Gold plums if he
could raise them. Varieties like Abundance, Burbank,
Satsuma, etc., which Burbank did not originate, but
simply introduced, should not be put in the same class
as varieties which arc of his own production, like Wick-
son, Hale, Gold, etc., in judging the value of his fruits.
Without doubt there are locations where some of them
will prove valuable. One thing is certain, that Mr.
Burbank’s fame in the long run will not be made by
press agents or the number of fruits introduced, but
by those which prove of value and benefit to our people.
And no one is more pleased to find a valuable new
fruit just introduced than myself. it. o. mead.

Massachusetts.

HAY LOADER AND SIDE DELIVERY RAKE.—

Regarding the use of the hay loader and side-delivery

rake, I have used them both for several years past, and
would not think of making hay without them, for with
the scarcity of help and the high prices which farmers
are having to pay for farm labor these tools will in a
few seasons pay for themselves, even though the farmer
has only 15 or 20 acres of hay to make. One man and a
boy 10 or 12 years old can on an average make as much
hay each day as three good men will make in the old
way of haymaking. The hay is cleaner from dust, dirt
and old stubble than when raked with the common
sulky rake; that is, if you use the right kind of loader.
Some advantages of the side rake are that they put the
hay in a loose light windrow, allowing it to cure out
evenly, and not burn in the sun, as many allow their
hay to do when curing in the old way, and when raked
in this way it is in the very best condition to take up
with the loader and takes less than one-half the driving
to get a load to what it does in taking it from the
swath, as many are doing. Some farmers who have
used loaders for taking up hay from the swath have
condemned them, saying that they saved no time. This
may be true in taking thin, light hay from the swath,
but if put in windrows a load of hay of 2,000 or 3,000
pounds can be put on the wagon in from eight to 10
minutes. It is my opinion that if any good practical
farmer will use one of these outfits one season he will
never make hay in the old way again. e. h. Norton.

Ohio.

CRIMSON RAMBLER IN QUEBEC PROVINCE.
— The first Crimson Rambler that was planted in my
garden grew strong and vigorous all Summer, but did
not survive the Winter. In consequence it was con-

A KANSAS DINNER PARTY. Fig. 261.

demned as too tender for our climate. But on con¬
sidering the matter it seemed only fair to give it the
treatment accorded to the Hybrid Perpetuals, and since
then the Rambler has been quite a success. The meth¬
od employed is to wait until the ground is frozen, often
the beginning of November, and taking a day when the
stems are unfrozen they are gently bent over, and a
barrow full of sods being ready, are placed along them,
being especially careful to cover the thick stem nearest
the root. This is better than covering with a board,
for field mice are not so liable to lodge there, and the
sod is a fine ingredient to the soil in Spring, becom¬
ing pulverized by frost. At this date (July 26) the
Crimson Ramblers are in full evidence here, and have
been for a month. One plant, sturdy and vigorous,
reaches up to an arbor trellis and mingles with a Cle¬
matis, and several others were pegged down two Sum¬
mers ago. and encouraged to form a border, where they
thrive and send up immense clusters of bloom. It is a
wonderful sight about the middle of July, before the
crimson glow fades, its only fault being lack of per¬
fume. Like all roses, it delights in new soil, and the
regular top-dressing of the sod is a visible benefit. Of
course covering with any soil answers as well, if sod can¬
not be obtained, and the reward comes in early April,
when after the first shower has washed the stems clean
the young leaves push out from their Winter quarters,
and the plant is green and pleasant looking before the
flowers are seen. annie l. jack.

Canada.

HEAVY FEEDING FOR ALFALFA.

I only have one acre out, and it is high and dry, no
deep loam, either. The ground was of the very poorest
in this section of the county. I had this acre plowed
last July one year ago. I put on two loads of fine hen
manure. Then I cultivated the ground every three or
four days in order to kill the weeds and other grass
which kills Alfalfa. This way I harrowed it for three
weeks ; then about August 1 I sowed 35 pounds of prime
seed broadcast on this acre. Then I limed it; used only
about 45 bushels rock lime to this acre. Then I put
on 500 pounds kainit and 500 pounds of well-balanced
fertilizer, two per cent ammonia, eight available acid, 10
muriate of potash ; then we harrowed the seed in the
ground, and then rolled it. Last Fall we thought it
was no good ; other grass came up and smothered it out.
It got yellow, and I was thinking of plowing it around
again and sowing it again. As I did not use any bac¬
teria, I was thinking this was the matter with it. How¬
ever, I left it, and when the weeds and Alfalfa were
tall enough we went over with the mower and cut it;
then left it for the Winter. Early this Spring I put on
a fertilizer that contained 12 per cent ammonia, five
available acid, and four potash, for which I paid $60 per
ton, and top-dressed this acre with 400 pounds. In a
few weeks after that I put on 400 pounds kainit again,
and 300 pounds dried blood. This is all I did to it, and
any person who does the # same I am sure can raise
this clover, as I think every farmer should have some
Alfalfa. It is worth more than wheat, corn, oats or
any other kind of grain or grass a man can farm. I
am now feeding it to my hogs, and they go into this a

great deal better than they do
into corn. If a cow breaks
into a field of Alfalfa she will
never forget that field that
season, as I have had some
experience in this line. My
cattle broke into it and it took
three men to put them out,
and every time we let the cat¬
tle out to water they wtnt
for the Alfalfa. Some of the
farmers came to me and asked
me whether I was crazy; that
my whole farm would over¬
grow with this weed. I told
them that I hoped it would
go over some of my neigh¬
bor’s poor land, as it was a
good deal better to raise this
Alfalfa than it was to raise
blackberries.

SAM K. STRICKLER.

Union Co., Pa.

R. N.-Y. — Most farmers
will call that heavy feeding
for any fodder crop. It will
pay if it means a crop of
Alfalfa. We think many who
have tried this crop have been
misled by the statement that
Alfalfa will restore poor soil.
So it will if it once be¬
comes well fixed. It must
be well fed to start with, and we must also re¬
member that all it can possibly add to the soil is nitro¬
gen. It removes large quantities of potash and less of
phosphoric acid, and these must be supplied.

Traction expert Dalrymple of Glasgow says that the
theory of American politics is opposed to public ownership.
In other words, the professional politician considers that the
plain people are source of revenue only. Isn't it just the

same spirit that defers parcels post and postal savings banks?

HOW TO FIGHT CURRANT WORMS.

When the Currant worms first appeared I dusted them
well with hellebore. About a week later I sprinkled them
thoroughly with hellebore and water. Result, the worms
keep eating, and I am likely to lose my crop. The “book”
says one ounce of fresh hellebore to three gallons of water
is strong enough. I used it much stronger. How can I
know if it is fresh, or old, and how can I know if it is
pure or one- half something else? e. o.

Aslifield, Mass.

Fresh hellebore is very often effective against the
Currant worm, but is best dusted on in the form of a
powder, rather than mixed with water. There is no
practical way of telling the fresh and useful article from
the old and worthless. It is simply a matter of confi¬
dence with the dealer. We have, however, found Paris-
green on the whole a more reliable insecticide for Cur¬
rant worms than hellebore. Mix one teaspoonful of
Paris-green to one pound of ordinary grocery flour
and dust it lightly over the affected plants while slightly
wet with dew. The flour makes the Paris-green stick
much better upon the foliage, and is readily eaten by the
worms. One should be able entirely to clear out a
brood of Currant worms by the use of Paris-green in
this way in one day. There is very little danger in using
the Paris-green in this manner. The first rain is quite
certain to wash it off, and if it fails to rain, it can be re¬
moved from the foliage either by syringing or rinsing
with fresh water. Hellebore is to be preferred if you
can get it fresh and pure, but if at all uncertain we would
advise the use of th* Paris-green,

6i6

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 19,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time, rut questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

HEAVY GROWTH OF CURRANTS.

Fig. 260 shows a one-year-old Cherry
currant, 21 inches long, containing 85
bunches of nice fruit. It was grown in
the nursery row with other plants of
the same kind; all had nearly as much
fruit on. I can account for the growth
and yield only in this way. The ground
previous to planting to nursery stock had
been used for market garden truck, and
before I plowed it for nursery stock I
covered it with hog manure and wood
ashes. Then I broke the ground thor¬
oughly and deep, and put it in the best
condition for planting. The plants did
not receive any extra amount of care ;
no more than tp keep them free from
weeds and keep the ground loose. So I
attribute the growth and yield to the hog
manure and wood ashes, and I am of
the opinion that like results can be ob¬
tained by tbe same method. I lifted the
other plants last Fall and transplanted
them, where I want them to remain, and
some of them were as large as some I
had planted four years ago. I think it
will pay anyone to use hog manure and
wood ashes on the ground before plow¬
ing it for gooseberries and currants.

Indiana. h. b. bkubeck.

Fertilizer for Alfalfa.

fT. Lynch’s Station, Ya. — I am now pre¬
paring one acre of land to be sown to Alfalfa
in August. What fertilizers should I use,
and how much? The land is in good heart,
has been in grass, and is rich ; lias clay sub¬
soil.

Ans. — We should use a mixture of
three parts fine ground bone to one part
muriate of potash — 500 pounds or more of
the mixture per acre. We would also ad¬
vise the use of 1,000 pounds of air-slaked
lime.

Transplanting Wild Blackberries.

S. C. 11’., Conshnhockcn, Pa. — Can I trans¬
plant wild blackberries and wild raspberries?
If so, what is the best time to do so? Would
you take tbe old growth or the new?

Ans. — The best time to transplant wild
or cultivated blackberries or raspberries
is in early Spring, as soon as tbe ground
can be worked. Young plants or suckers
with good cross roots are best, but old
clumps may often be divided to good ad¬
vantage.

Radish and Lettuce.

V. P. /?., Newport, Wash. — What are the
best radishes and lettuce for greenhouse forc¬
ing?

Ans. — If to be grown for market Early
Scarlet Forcing or Non Plus Ultra rad¬
ishes are most reliable and profitable. For
home use we recommend Crimson Giant
Forcing. It grows double the size of the
market varieties before becoming pithy,
and is early and of fine quality. Markets
are not accustomed to it, however. The
best market lettuce for greenhouse cul¬
ture is Large Boston Market. For home
use May King is quick growing and good
in quality.

Stoppage in a Wafer Pipe.

(1. /■'. .If., Warwick, Mass. — We have a line
of lead three-fourths inch pipe about 2.000
feet long, conveying wTater from spring to res¬
ervoir, about 25 feet head. In the cold
weather it runs all the time. In the warm
weather it runs a few days, and (lien stops or
nearly so. Plenty of water in spring, about
six feet About half way we have a valve in
pipe. When we open valve for half an hour
or so and let the water run out, (hen close it,
it will run for a few days, then stop, ripe
new last year. What is the cause and cure?

Ans. — I cannot give you an accurate
reply, as I did not know the lay of the
ground, whether a gradual slope from the
spring, or some valleys or hills over which
the pipe runs. Sometimes air gathers in
the biggest bends, and will obstruct the
flow. By opening the valve it will give
force enough to carry out the air, hut in

this case you say it runs best in cold
weather, which would tend to show there
may be a slime formation in the pipe,
which sometimes accumulates in warm
weather. The force of the water usually
carries it out. In this case the length of
the pipe, if rising to a reservoir, would
greatly lessen the force. To relieve air in
the pipe insert a pipe in the highest
bends of a length sufficient to raise above
the discharge in the reservoir. The water
will run past wdtile the air discharges in
the upright. These pipes can be easily
screwed in the lead pipe by using a tbree-
eighths iron pipe galvanized. They assist
in locating stoppages. chas. mills.

Root Propagation cf Blackberries.

G. M., Harrison, O. — How can a person
propagate a choice variety of blackberry from
tlie roots, and when?

Ans. — Blackberry roots for propagating
should be taken when possible from one
or two-year plants. They should be dug
in late Fall, cut in two-inch lengths, and
packed in boxes in clean, moist sand.
These boxes may be allowed to freeze in
Winter, but the sand should never dry
out. In early Spring make furrows four
inches deep and three feet apart in well
prepared soil, and drop the root pieces in,
five or six inches apart, covering them
firmly. Sprouts will come up in a few
weeks. They must be well cultivated and
kept free from weeds for one season, and
will be ready to plant the following
Spring.

Caterpillars on Celery.

S. Sault Stc. Marie, Mich. — What can I
do for a green worm on the celery leaf? It
is from one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch
long. The caterpillars strip the leaf and turn
it yellow. Is there any remedy for it ?

Ans. — The common green Celery or
Parsley worm has orange colored “horns”
or appendages to its head that it protrudes
when irritated exhaling at the same time
an apricot-like odor. It is over two inches
long when grown. The usual remedy is
hand picking. A light application of
Paris-green or London purple, a teaspoon¬
ful to a gallon of water, if put on with
a spprinkler or spray pump, or a teaspoon¬
ful to two pounds of lime or one of flour
through a dust gun should be effective in
your case. As the season is early and
celery is always well washed before using
there should be no danger in applying
these arsenicals, but if they are objected
to Slug Shot or tobacco dust might an¬
swer.

Hardiness of Rambler Roses.

IP. C. It., Bridge-water, Vt. — I would like
to know just what “perfectly hardy" means
as to Rambler roses in general. I have had
the Crimson, Philadelphia, Ruby Queen and
Dorothy Perkins, and the only one that came
through last Winter alive is the Dorothy
Perkins. Ruby Queen I have had since first
R. N.-Y. distribution ; it struggled along (be¬
ing killed to ground every Winter), until last
Winter, when it was killed entirely. Of the
Crimson I have had three or four with like
results; the Philadelphia was killed first
Winter. They were all well protected with
spruce boughs and from about December 1
well covered with snow. Are any of them
hardy enough for this climate? Would it not
lie well when you say “perfectly hardy” to
state how far north they are so?

Ans. — No cultivated rose may with jus¬
tice be termed “perfectly hardy.” Even
Rosa rtigosa and the various wild roses
native to the northern Uuited States win¬
ter-kill to some extent in Manitoba.
“Hardy,” “quite hardy” and even “very
hardy,” as used by rose growers, means
that established plants of such varieties
should safely winter without protection
most years in the latitudes of New York
or Boston. Elevation and exposure, other
conditions being equal, determine hardi¬
ness more than latitude. We would be
very glad to know just how far north
Ruby Queen and Philadelphia can survive
average Winters. Many bushes of either
variety have endured IS to 20 degrees
below zero with little harm. Crimson
Rambler is regarded as one of the
hardiest of climbing roses, and it is
interesting to learn that Dorothy Perkins,
a hybrid of Rosa Wichuraiana. is better
able to withstand the climate of your lo¬
cality.

A Fine Holstein. — The picture shown
on our first page is taken from a photo¬
graph obtained from the Stevens Brothers
Hastings Co. of Lacona, N. Y., who
write : “The photograph of Princess
Korndyke Manor DeKol, No. 62,256 H.
F. H. B., was taken shortly before she
dropped her first calf, at two years old.
This heifer and her calf were sold from
our herd in public auction at the recent
breeders’ consignment sale, held in Syra¬
cuse, for $420. the purchasers being Wood-
crest Farm, and H. Barbour. Princess
Korndyke Manor DeKol was sired by Sir
Korndyke Manor DeKol, a number of
whose daughters we still have in the
herd.”

WANT MEN to at-
* tend State and County
Fairs this Fall and take sub¬
scriptions to The Rural New-
Yorker. We make attractive
propositions and pay liberally
for the work. Can you repre¬
sent us ?

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SEED WHEAT "INVINCIBLE. “-Has proved heavy
yielder; strong straw; very hardy; the practical
farmer’s variety; *1.50 bu. ; 5 bu. or more $1.25. Sacks
free. Cash with order. Geo.M .Tallcot.Skaneateles.N.Y

-RED SEED WHEAT, HARVEST

Also

$2.00

rrrn \A/UC AT — Clean, sound and graded. Four
OLLU VlllLHI hardy and prolific varieties. If
not as represented, reship and get your money
bark. Booklet and samples for stamp. TIMOTHY
SEED. A. H. Hoffman, Bamford, LaneasterCo., Pa.

CHOICE SEED WHEAT.

“ Prosperity,” “ No. 8,” and “ Shepard’s Prolific,”
pure and clean ; hardy and large yielders. Price, $1 .25
per bushel. Sacks free. Cash with order.

I>. C. MePHEKSON SEED CO,,

Pine View Farm, R. F. I). , Seottsville, N. V.

SEED WHEAT— DAWSON’S GOLDEN CHAFF

Best Bald Wheat grown. I offer choice reeleaned seed
from a heavy yielding crop at $1.25 per bushel f. o. h,
Bags, 15 cents. Bags free with five bushels or more.

CHARLES BUCHAN, Stanley, N. Y.

BEST SEED WHEATS

Always come from the famous Maplewood Seed
Wheat Farms. Always pure, clean, highest vitality,
thoroughly regraded. Some wonderful new ones this
year. Our Catalogue No. 15 tells all about them; how
and why they come to be the best. Cost hut a postal,
(let it. now.

Maplewood Seed Wheat Farms, Allegan, Mich.

Q A I Crimson Clover Seed,

■ pA La EL $5.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. .T. K. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

The Rural New-Yorker,

subscription DEPARTMENT, ;

409 Pearl St., New York.

P C C 11 WMFA T-rULTZO-MEDITERRANE AN.
OLLU 1 1 il Lrt I a hardy, strong growing, heavy-
yielding variety, at moderate price. Send for circular
and sample. Itiverview Seed Wheat Farm,
Peach Bottom. York County, Penn.

sTRAiNOF MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER RYE

heavy yield of Grain, and fine Straw for haling.
E. L. CLARKSON, TIVOLI, NEW YORK.
Send foi circular, witli photograph of Rye.

PURE MEALY SEED WHEAT,

1905 Crop, $1.20 per bushel, f. o. b. car; bags free.
Reeleaned, free from rust and weevil.

G. G. GRISWOLD, Madison, Lake County, Ohio.

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornamental Tree*, Shrubs, Roses,

Plants und Bulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to
purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees.
No. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plnnls and Vines, Rosi-s,
3JO Perns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in
general. Try us. Will give you a square deal and
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
02 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.
Box 13, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWKRS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can savo you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Glet my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Walil, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

K FRUIT-BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri-
'bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

plant 1906. $1.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT ,S PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps,
Spray Mixtures. Hookletfree.
ARTHUR ,J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

StrawbMmr Plants.

Will produce a full crop of berries
next June, if planted this Summer.

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

Offers a choice line of these; also Celery,
Cabbage, Cauliflower and other season¬
able plants. W rite for copy, FREE.

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila.,Pa.

DWYER’S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
Prnfllirp a Full Crnn in IQDfi Some of the finest berry patches in America owe success to
rlUUUtC „r " v'roH m lyuo our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty
for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT ANI) ORNA¬
MENTAL TREKS, PLANTS, VINKS, ETC., for Fall planting— all grown on our home grounds and
guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do LANDSCAPK GARDKNING in all its branches
Our catalogue mailed free. Writenow. T. J. DWYER & COMPANY, P. <». BOX 1, CORNWALL, N.Y

Pot
Crown

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out in August
will yield a good crop next season, A liBt of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. 65th Year.

ELLWANCER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

STRAWBERRIES

HAIRY VETCH.

Bushel, (iO pounds, $6 ;
Two bushels, $1G.

ROGERS OH THE HILL,

DANSVILLE, N. Y.

TREES

$5 PER IOO FREIGHT PAID £pp,le' Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina

rntlUn I min Poplars, healthy, true to name ami fumigated.
All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

Thoroughbred Bartlett and Seckel Pear Trees,

bred from scions selected for us by George T. Powell, from the best bearing types in his orchard. Also.
D / * O the great, high quality, business Fail Pear, bred from S. D. Willard’s orchard. THERE

BOSC, ARE NO BETTER KINDS THAN THESE,
trees are DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS.

THK TREE BREEDER. ROGKRS ON TIIE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y,

We offer you the SAFEST trees. Our

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

Ort AAA York Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to
£ U UUU bear and yield results; also a full assortment of Peach, Pear, Cherry, Plum and Quince trees,
Grape Vines, Currants, and other small fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
write us before placing your order. Catalogue and price list mailed on request.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn

1905.

6 1 7

WHITE LEAD AND OIL FOR TREES.

I have read with interest Mr. Britton’s
statement of Mr. Bowen’s experience with
the white lead treatment for borers in
apple trees, page 533, and I fail to see
any evidence whatever that would lead to
the conclusion that this injury resulted
from the application. Mr. Britton states
that some of the tops are dying, while
the trunks are throwing out new shoots.
Could this occur if the injury noted is the
result of the white lead treatment? It
has been my experience that whenever
any material placed on trunks resulted
in death of bark the injury always ap¬
peared to be local, and the top subse¬
quently failed because the connection with
root system was destroyed. In other
words if injury follows an application
about trunk or collar the symptoms are
the same as if trees are girdled by mice,
rabbits or other means, the top being the
last part of the tree to fail. In the case
noted the reverse appears to be true.

Even if your correspondent is correct
in attributing this injury to the white lead
treatment, still Mr. Bowen’s experience
does not prove that white lead and linseed
oil are injurious to apple trees when
properly applied. Mr. Bowen made his
application in the Fall and the entire
trunk was coated with paint. Your illus¬
tration shows that at least the scaffold or
main branches were also treated. Neither
of these practices has at any time been
recommended by this office. We have al¬
ways recommended that the painted sur¬
face should extend from the collar to
about 12 inches above ground level, and
we have uniformly advised the appli¬
cation to be made in Spring before the
season of oviposition. Why one should
adopt Fall treatment is not clear to us.
Further, your correspondent admits some
winter-killing and intimates Spring
drought following this injury. Would it
not also be well to call an impure oil
or lead to account for the death of trees?
It seems to me that this case adds little
weight to the view that a paint made of
pure white lead and pure linseed oil is in¬
jurious to orchard trees. Hundreds of
Virginia growers have used this remedy
for a long term of years with entire suc¬
cess; we have recommended it for years
to Virginia orchardists, and have yet to
receive our first adverse report. The
writer does not claim that this treatment
may not become, under certain conditions,
injurious; but until further evidence is
produced to sustain this view we shall
continue to recommend its use.

Virginia Fxp. Station. H. l. price

NOTES ON LIME.

I am a tobacco grower, and have used
some lime in growing the crop. I use 300
barrels to the acre, of air-slaked lime,
every other year. After plowing in the
Spring, sow broadcast by hand or ma¬
chine; then sow the fertilizer and harrow
all in. My object in using lime is to in¬
sure a good burn, which is one of the
important things in a tobacco crop. I have
succeeded in getting a <>ood burn, but
whether the lime is entitled to all the
credit, I am not prepared to say.

Poquonock, Conn. H. w. A.

I have had some experience in the use
of lime, and have found it to be very
beneficial to certain kinds of land, such
as land that contains a large quantity of
acid, which js no doubt injurious to many
crops. There is no doubt in my mind that
therefis very little plant food in lime, but
it will do its work by liberating the source
of plant food that lies dormant in the
soil, as well as sweetening the soil and
making it contain less acid. I have known
of its being used on old pasture land that
contained a larger amount of sorrel, and
the results was that it killed out all the
sorrel and brought in a fine crop of White
clover. On such crops as tobacco, onions
celery, hay, corn, beets, and most garden
truck, it pays well to lime the land, and
lime it well. We use on most crops from
one to two tons per acre; work well into

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

the soil as early in the Spring as possible,
or it can be applied in the Fall. One
should know the soil, whether it contains
any amount of acid. a. l. c.

Massachusetts.

In regard to amount of lime we use
about half ton per acre, applied in Spring
to ground we wish to seed at once or soon,
and we also use about the same amount
in Spring on our cabbage and celery
ground ; using it especially where blue lit¬
mus paper indicates acidity in the soil.
We always try to buy quicklime as fresh
ly burned as possible, believing it bet¬
ter, and to save buying the added weight
caused by slaking. Sometimes we let it
air-slake in piles of a few tons each, but if
not slaked when we wish to apply we
slake with water, as we try to pile near a
water supply. I think we can see best
results with clover and grass, also cabbage,
celery and corn. Our clay and muck soils
seem to respond best of all, and the clay
especially will hold the good effect for a
long time. hull bros.

Pennsylvania.

My farming is confined to 1700 feet of
glass and about five acres of land used
for market garden purposes. My largest
crop and best is eight children, who keep
me hustling. I have used more lime in
Canada ashes than I have of stone lime,
for the most part to “sweeten” old straw
berry beds after a heavy mulch of pine
needles, and for fighting various insect
pests and their larvae. Where I live the
air-slaked lime would be much cheaper
than live lime. I would as soon have it,
and the cost of the two is as follows : I
am 10 miles from the Canaan kilns. Air-
slaked in sacks, f. o. b., $4.50 per ton ;
freight $1.60; sacks 25 cents (you see
buyer must furnish sacks). This makes
$6.35 per ton. The live lime, seven bar¬
rels for one ton, costs $12.25, delivered
on the premises. If you have the slaked
lime in barrels you must add cost of seven
barrels at 35 cents. The last ton of slaked
1 bought in June had eaten its way out of
the sacks in 10 days. My next experiment
will be a fight to the death with Onion
maggot, and if I am successful I will give
you results; if not I shall do as the fisher¬
man does when he doesn’t catch any; go
home through the woods, across lots and
not tell anyone I have been fishing.

Lakeville, Conn. c. d.

Asparagus and Smilax.

M. E. IF., Carlsbad, N. M. — 1. Will you
inform me the cause of the discoloration on
the stalk of the accompanying Asparagus
plumosus nanus? I have cut off the two
stalks affected. I have had this fern six
years and have never had anything trouble
it before. I divided and repotted it last
Fall ; it appears thrifty, and the stalks af¬
fected are still sending out new leaves. The
article on ‘•foliage raising” on page 453 was
very interesting. The three plants make
ideal house plants ; with me the Sprengeri
grows faster and requires more sun than the
Plumosus. 2. Should smilax have a rest, if
so, when? Mine are seedlings started last
Summer.

Ans. — The only “discolorations” noted
on the sprays sent were the scars of de¬
funct scale insects, such as often affect
house plants. Evidently the plant is not
badly troubled, or it would not be grow¬
ing thriftily. Look for scale on the ma¬
ture stems; if any are noted rub them off
with a bit of sponge dipped in soapsuds,
and put on the end of a sharp stick. The
scale may be on your other plants, such as
on palms or Boston ferns, and thus be
communicated to the asparagus, which is
not a fern, though often described as
such. Scale is a nuisance on house plants ;
sometimes a Boston fern becomes so
badly affected that the only remedy is to
cut away every frond, and start it afresh.
2. Commercially, the only rest smilax re¬
ceives is when a bed or bench is cut ovei
entirely, the quantity of water applied
being greatly lessened until growth starts
again. This occurs at almost any time of
the year; trade culture considers no spe
cial resting period. If you are not grow
ing smilax for cutting, but merely as a
decorative plant, you will find it becomes
rather shabby after a time, especially if
fruiting; then cut it down, and do not
hurry it when starting to grow again.

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w.

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Write for Catalog
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MANUFACTURERS,

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PAGE

CAT¬

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This Knife only 35

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White, Van Glahn & Co., < httt"

Established 1816. Oldest Mail Ovder House in America

SPREAD MANURE

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RICHARDSON MFG. CO.,

Worcester, Massachusetts.

THE PAPEG

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and All your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
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If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
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Papec Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

Hydraulic

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Gasoline engines , stationary, portable and traction.

A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
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Room 1C1. 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.

The WAGON to BUY.

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STEEL WHEELS tw°aToanlsl

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

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•THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

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CLARK’ 8 Dbl. AC1\ ON
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Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

IMPERIAL

PULVERIZER, CLOD

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& ROLLER

LEADS THEM
ALL.

Circulars. The Peterson Mf’g Co., Kent, 0.

We also manufacture old reliable RICE HEATERS.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

I Papec ^

Ysasswei''

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS
W B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., ForestvUle,Coim.

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WILL EXHIBIT

FROST
BEST
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Indiana and Illinois State Fairs. Come and see
them. A present for the ladies.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

6i8

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 10,

Ruralisms •

VOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Hard Time for Strawberries. — The
phenomena] heat of July 15-21, with tem¬
peratures approaching 100 degrees in the
shade and 120 in the sun, proved too
great a strain for many strawberry plants,
especially on light, dry soil. Thousands
were killed outright, and growth com
pletely checked over large areas. The
rainfall has been all along too scanty to
encourage root formation, though suffi¬
cient at fruiting time to carry through a
good crop, and the roasting heat, coming
on at the period of greatest exhaustion,
gave the finishing touch to the weakened
plants, though all varieties were not af¬
fected alike. President and Gandy suf¬
fered most, more plants of the former
being lost than any other. Sample. De
Wet and Dornan were also greatly checked
and weakened. Glen Mary and William
Belt came through in fine condition, with
Dunlap as a good third. The last days of
July were marked by heavy, soaking rains,
the best we have had since February, and
surviving plants are likely to make a rapid
growth where not allowed to be overrun
with weeds. Runner plants will be late,
and probably not overstrong. Growers of
potted strawberry plants are generally be¬
hind in their orders, as the season, at its
best, has not encouraged the early produc¬
tion of runners. It has seemed to the
writer the pot-grown strawberry plant
propaganda is greatly overdone. Cata
logues are issued at the beginning of
July with the implied assurance of quick
delivery of plants that perhaps cannot be
grown for several weeks; promises are
made of full crop the succeeding year, it
culture is well attended to. Practical
growers know that plants of choice varie¬
ties cannot always be had in quantity be¬
fore the middle of August, and that Au¬
gust-set plants, no matter how coddled,

They do not have the size and brilliancy
> f garden tulips, but are far more graceful
m form and gay in their rich, soft color¬
ing and vivid but refined markings. Some
of the taller kinds of Mariposa tulip grow
three feet high, bearing several broad,
cup-shaped blooms three or four inches
across, but the foliage is rather thin and
sparse. Some work- has been done in se¬
lecting the best forms for cultivation, but
we do not yet know how amenable the
genus may be to the plant breeders’ art.
With anything like the care and skill that
has been bestowed on the garden tulip
we may faintly imagine the transformation
that perhaps awaits this Californian gem.

An Earnest Worker. — Carl Purdy,
Ukiah. California, has probably done more
to bring the beautiful bulbous plants of
his native State to public notice than any
other individual. He began when a boy
to collect bulbs for others, but soon en¬
gaged in the cultivation of the choicest
kinds, and is now an extensive grower
and dealer, supplying the home and for¬
eign market with the largest share of
California plants consumed in the trade.
He was the first to introduce and supply
nearly all the choicer Californian bulbs
now cultivated. The particular form of
Mariposa tulip, Calochortus venustus, El¬
dorado strain, best adapted for general
cultivation, originated with him, and is
known for its broad, widely-opened
blooms and great range of colors, from
white to lilac, salmon purple and even
deep red, all with conspicuous “eyes” and
blotches of richly contrasting colors. Fig.
259, page 614, was photographed from a
very moderate-sized bloom taken from a
plant of this type that bore seven flowers.
The bulbs were planted last October in
light loamy soil in a dry situation, par¬
tially under the shade of trees. They
were set four inches deep and received
no protection during the severest Winter
we have had for many years. Frost pene¬
trated two feet or more deep in this part
of the Rural Grounds. Half the bulbs ot
these Mariposa tulips failed to come up in
Spring, but the others bloomed superbly,
growing over 20 inches high. It is usu-

seldom yield a full crop until the second
year. The new-style garden magazines a,ly adv,sed to take t!le bu,bs l1P after
of which we have. an endless series, tell the fohage dieS and store tIiem in dry

some tall stories of up-to-date .strawberrv
culture with pot-grown plants as the
basis, but the less we bother with them
the better. It is well to disseminate new
and scarce varieties in this way. but foi
home or general planting good natural lay¬
ers quickly transferred to the beds in
moist weather are vastly better. The pot
grown plant well endures transportation
and handling, but its cramped roots do
not always take a good hold of the soil,
and a feeble crown may result. If the
runner or layer plant “catches on” it
will always make a good crown, other
conditions being equal.

soil or sand until cold weather, before
planting, to prevent them starting growth
during warm Fall rains, but we have left
ours as they grew in order to test the pos¬
sibility of permanently naturalizing them.
No manure is needed and no cultivation
seems desirable except the clearing away
of weeds or grass that might hide the
blooms. Calochortus bulbs are not very
expensive. They can be had in mixture
from most seedsmen issuing bulb cata¬
logues for 25 to 30 cents the dozen. Mr.
Purdy retails his Eldorado strain in
mixture for 25 cents the dozen. Under
separate shades of color they run from 35

to 50 cents the dozen. Many novelties
he Mariposa ^ Fulip. Perhaps the and rare specialties not generally offered

are to be found in his catalogue.

w. v. F.

most attractive and distinct of all native
California blooms are the large-blossomed
species of Calochortus, known as Butter¬
fly or Mariposa tulip. The genus is a
large one, comprising many species grow-

Somh of the 1905 Strawberries. — It is in¬
teresting to me to read in your paper the ex-
. . . perience of others with strawberries grown,

mg in light, dry soil in the mountain My experience in growing strawberries goes
ranges of the Pacific slope, from Oregon l>aek over 40 years. This .year strawberries

to southern California. Some occur as *iave d°ne ver5' "ell. I picked my first June
r- „ Tii , , , , 17, last July 21. The Salem was one of the

‘ ‘s c a 10, jut ^ ^ai *be &iejiter first, and has proved to lie in quality and size
number inhabit the elevated plains and first-class; Gov. Rollins, good size, holding out

to the last, coloring all over. Aroma,
medium to late, a first-class berry. North
Shore, a late berry, large and solid, first-class.

foothills nearer the coast. One group of
Calochorti has globular blooms, white,
pink or yellow in color, edged or filled
with silky hairs. They are known as
Globe tulip, and are rather shade-loving
plants. C. Maweanus has large pure

white flowers, filled with blue hairs and _ -

is locally known as cat-ears. Another

choice white-flowered species is C. albus ,on 'be , table took all the prizes.

Commonwealth, large, late, prolific; quality
best. President, large, quite late, very slow
to ripen. The lop of fruit looks as though it
was ready to pick while underside is white
1 have tried it two years; do not want it any
longer. July 8 I took two quarts each of
President, North Shore and Commonwealth to

often called Lantern of the Fairies. The
white hairy-edged blooms are an inch in
diameter, and hang like pendant bells.

Very Near the Tulip. — The genus
Calochortus is botanically quite close to
T ulipa. in which are contained the old-
world tulips, probably the longest cultivat¬
ed of all florists’ flowers. The Calochorti
are still in their natural state, most bulbs
supplied being collected from the woods.

" ,n; Belt is another first-class strawberrv.
As late as July 21 ] picked Commonwealth,
fine fruit, sold for 25 cents per basket. I
liavo thrown Oom Paul two years, It boars a
long time fine large berries, quality good:
one of the best. Lester Lovett and Gandy no
later than Commonweal fli. not near as much
*rUlt. BENJAMIN M. SMITH.

Massachusetts.

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Makers of H & R Revolvers.

THE POTATO CROP,

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harvested with

the Improved

DOWDEN _

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them all, fast, clean and tin.
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A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination

CALDWELL

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We have hundreds we
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vicinity. Send for lllws-
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price Hat.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

pJERTILIZEli LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

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BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

THE “NEW WAY” PRESS

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m

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Nitro-Culture

BACTERIA FOR INOCULATION.

SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET No. 5

National Nitro-Cultura Co., West Chester, Pa.

MAKING

Can be made profitable if the
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WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

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ENSILAGE AND FODDER
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Powers, 5 sizes Grain Separa¬
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15 AW MILL MACHINERY

Mpidij

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- >- — ■ - - fe M

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Fine book, telling all, FREE.

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DeLOACH PATENT

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Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 3022 Atlanta, Ga.

ET r|r| h ^ r jjeut to the ,en9th y°u want,

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Delivered into uny silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

Tho standard by wlileh nil other machines ure built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
10 to 20 tons por hour. Prices lower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will __ __

tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called Tha Complete Machine.

| Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kind That Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in carload
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. 3. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

IS05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

6i9

Hope Farm Notes

Getting a Start. — The snn was slow
about showing himself on the morning of
August 5. The clouds hid his face, and I
was a little slow in rolling over to look at
the watch. I realized just how older and
wiser men than I have dissolved reputation
and opportunity in the desire to turn over
for another sleep. August does bring stiff¬
ness and pain to the joints and back that
seem so free in April. I got into my oldest
clothes, for the farm is wet and there is
weed pulling to do. The little hoy is wrapped
in slumber that may be called both sound
and kind for into the harmony of such a
sleep no discord of weed-pulling or wood
sawing can enter. lie keeps his little store
of money in a bureau drawer and this morn¬
ing I am able to pull out all the drawers
and rattle them before I waken him to show
him how easily a robber could find his treas¬
ure. The larger oo.vs are up and we go out
to the barn to discuss the day's work. The
crops are weedy, the strawberries need clean¬
ing, there are apples to be picked, peach trees
to be cleaned out, the turkeys are coming and
half a dozen other things are crowding.
Philip is milking ayd Lars is cleaning the
horses, and while breakfast is cooking Merrill
and I cut up some wood with the cross-cut
saw. For breakfast we had oatmeal, bread
and butter, fried bacon and eggs and baked
apples.

Clean Fritit. — After breakfast Philip and
Lars went to work in the Lima beans. Nellie
Ely needed shoeing so the little boy led her
behind the wagon when he went to get some
grain, ft was arranged that: Jack and the
little girls should go after the turkeys. They
were Coming by express to a point almost six
miles away. The two large hoys and T went
at the strawberries. This patch was planted
in April and has been cleaned four times al¬
ready. The plants stood nearly still during
the drought but since the rain the runners
have begun to walk out. The rain has packed
down the soil so that those runners have no
place in which to stick their feet. A few
small weeds were creeping in. and Lyon and
I went ahead pulling these weeds and’ putting
them in baskets. At my age I find it good
economy to get down on my knees for such
work. Merrill followed with the scuffle hoe
and worked up the soil thoroughly so that the
runners might find an easy place to rest. We
shall need about 1,000 plants out of this
patch to finish our Fall planting, and as I
crawl along I can mark the most likely ones
to take. By selecting these strong layer
plants we do better than if we used1 potted
plants. This job was finished before 10
o'clock. Lars and Philip were piling up a
small mountain of weeds in the garden. We
do not leave these weeds where they fall, but
haul them away and pile them around the
young trees. I believe this pays well on
farms where young trees are planted each
year. There are five rows of young peach
trees on the hill that have not been cleaned
up, and so we will make that job complete
before dinner. We mount the hill. Merrill
carrying in addition to the brush scythe and
spade several dead little chickens to plant
around one of his trees. There is some riv¬
alry among the boys to see who can get the
best growth on a tree. They each pick out
several of peach and apple and feed them all
sorts of plant food. Merrill is ahead just
now with a big peach tree, which is absorb¬
ing nutriment from dead brooder chickens,
kittens, fertilizer and various other matters.
There is a pile of leaves and weeds and brush
nearly three feet high around the tree. The
chances are that the tree will die as the re¬
sult of all this kindness, but we shall learn
how to force a tree at least. In addition to
our tools we carry the little rifle, as I prom¬
ised the boys they could try a few shots.
The little peach trees were planted right in
the weeds and brush last year. They made
but little growth then, but this Spring we
gave them a good dose of hen manure and
they have hopped up to a higher roost in con¬
sequence. The weeds and some bushes are
growing around them and Lyon and I go
ahead and cut this growth down while Mer¬
rill follows to fork it around the little trees.
Merrill planted four little apple trees that
were left over. It is late in the season for
tree planting, but I have made them live be¬
fore now. It is hot working in the brush, but
the job must be done. I am sorry to find
that some of our largest peach trees are not
doing well. The scale has suddenly got at
work and the borers have beaten us. Some
of these trees I shall cut down and burn at
on.ce, and then we shall spray the latter part
of August, when the tender growth has
stopped. The soil where they stand is better
adapted to apple, and I shall put no more
peaches there. After many sweat drops and
brier scratches and an occasional hornet sting
we finished our job before dinner. Then the
boys stuck a board in a cedar tree and tried
their hand with the rifle at 60 and 100 feet.
They shot standing, lying down and with a
rest, and succeeded in hitting the board,
though I doubt if their style of shooting
would hold the Russian army in check. There
Is some fun about it, however, and it makes
weed pulling a little easier. We got back to
the house to find that the turkey hunters had

not. reiurned. Pretty soon, however, we heard
them calling down the road, and Madge trot¬
ted into view with the wagon load. Jack
and the little girls were waving their hands,
and all the Hope Farmers ran out to see the
turkeys, for they have been a long time on
the way. There were 16 young turks in one
crate and the hen turkey in another. In a
corner of the old turkey’s coop were four lit¬
tle white Plymouth Rock chicks — a gift to
the little girls. We never owned any turkeys
before, and it was a great event to set these
white prisoners free in the orchard. They
were glad to get out. They stretched them¬
selves, drank water and began eating the
fallen apples like true members of the Apple
Consumers’ League. We have had no experi¬
ence in turkey raising and people tell us it is
close to a gamble, but we will stay by these
as be3t we can. A turkey is well able to put
up a good fight at least. I had supposed that
a young turk was a gentle peace-loving bird,
but you should have seen what one of them
did to a chicken who undertook to show him
a few things about fighting. The turk sim¬
ply knocked him down and jumped on him, a
style of fighting not encouraged at Hope
Farm. It was a very small chicken too.

We all did full justice to our dinner of beef,
potatoes and baked apples, including the boy
who had been running the mower on the lawn.
Organized labor regards Saturday afternoon
as a legal holiday, but our work is a little
disorganized, and there were a number of jobs
to be done. Lars hitched old Jerry to the
horse rake and went to rake up the Japanese
millet. I do not care for any more of this.
It was so tough and thick that we broke the
mower blade in cutting it. Lars finished
with the scythe. The Russian machine broke
down when it ran against the Japs, but there
were no individuals in Russia who seemed
anxious to finish things up. I am satisfied
that corn fodder will pay me better than mil¬
let. When Lars finished this job he went at
the sweet corn in the front garden. Here was
a patched-up case. First, we planted pota¬
toes, but the stand was poor and the stalk
borer killed many plants. If looked like a
failure, and so we planted rows of sweet corn
between the rows of potatoes. Then the po¬
tato plants which were left decided to remain
in the ring and took a mighty start. While
we were haying the red-weed joined forces.
Now we cannot use a horse to cultivate be¬
cause this would rip out the potatoes, so the
weeds must be pulled by hand. That is about
the way it goes whenever you try to grow two
crops at once. What is gained on one crop is
lost on the other. It is the same in our
strawberries. We planted sweet corn in one
row, between the plants, and now this row is
far behind the others. True, we have a lit¬
tle sweet corn, but the object of the patch
was berries. It. does not pay to scatter or
crowd either crops or conduct. While the
boys were waiting for Jerry they worked
in the strawberries. As soon as the old
horse was honorably discharged from cavalry
service against the Japanese millet the boys
put him in the light wagon. They hauled
several loads of wood and then started at the
weeds which Philip and Lars bad piled up.
They put about three bushels of weeds around
each tree, and the way the color is showing
at the tops of these light trees. shows that
such weeds are plants right in place. The
click of the mower was heard as the boy ran
it over the lawn. Aunt Jennie busied herself
over some delicacy which she was preparing
for supper. Mother Invited me to drive over
to a nearby town to see if we couldn't get
some lower" figure on our house plans. So we
took Nellie Ely and started, though I was a
little sorry to play gentleman and leave the
battle of the weeds. There is no use denving
the statement that Nellie is a lazy Hope
Farmer. She won’t work unless she has to.
She seems to feel that since she has given two
such colts as Beauty and Brownie she is en¬
titled to a pension. Madge bad done her share
in bringing the turkeys and Bob is laid up, so
the job of bringing the friends who came on
the train devolved upon old .Terry. When the
time came the old fellow doffed his work har¬
ness and stepped into the traces of what is
our best apology for a family carriage and
went to meet the bride and groom, the little
boy driving and Aunt Jennie along as ballast.
Mother and I came driving home just as the
gompany appeared in view. All hands were
cleaned up and I was amazed to notice that
Hope Farm could produce such an array of
good clothes. Fourteen hearty eaters sat down
to baked beans, bread, butter and pot cheese,
blanc mange and baked apple, and when we
got up there was not much except a smear
left on most of the dishes. Then all but
Fssie and the little hoy who were to clean
the dishes, and I. who was to help Philip and
Lars attend to Bob. adjourned to the big
grape arbor for a talk. I took a pail of hot
water, and while Philip and Lars held hi'"
soaked Bob’s shoulder thoroughly, and then
smeared it with earbolated vaseline. The
vet. says it is a “cold abscess,’’ but it is cer¬
tainly hot enough for Bob. for he kicked and
fought well before I could complete the ioh
The barn folks were all right as night came
on, all from old Jerry to the little kitten in
the hole in the hay mow. who is wise because
her eyes have not yet been opened to the
world." The new turkeys had gone to roost
in the yard. Madge looked out of her box
stall, willing even to forgive old Jerry When
they are hitched together Jerry bites her, pip
after nip, until her side is well scarred. We
have been obliged to put the muzzle on the
old fellow to protect the mare. Philip says
Jerry does this because Madge shirks and
makes him pull all the load. Why he does it
1 do not know, but the old fellow has evi¬
dently come to an age when the ladles interest
him only when they do their share.

The barn folks ended the dav In comfort, if
we may except Bob. and the house folks too
could not reasonably complain. It had been
a day of scrappy work, yet the crops were
cleaner and better for it. Thousands of weeds
bad been transferred from a place where they
were a nuisance to a situation where they
helped the trees. The strawberries were in
better shane. the peach trees are cleaner and
we all felt that the labor of our hands bad
produced something worthy. Mother and I
didn’t succeed in getting the price of our
improvements down, hut we learned a thing
or two about the reason for the awful increase
in the cost of such things. The day ended
oufetlv and hopefully. I could not think of
anv better chapter to read than the 14tli of
John. ti. w. c.

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620

August 19,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Hr. Walter Van Fleet, ( , . .

Mrs. E. T. Koyle, ^ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, S2.04.
equal to 8s. Gd., or 8 V& marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal cbeck or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 19, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

1 he prizes for garden plans have been awarded as
follows :

Mrs. P. M. Osborn, Connecticut, $5.
Mrs. Clias. Fiske, Missouri, $3.

J. W. Johnson, West Virginia, $2.

Some of the plans were excellent. It seems that a
fair proportion of farmers know what it is to have a
good garden. Others have a poor supply of vegeta¬
bles because they do not know how to utilize time and
land to the best advantage. When these plans are
printed we shall have some of the most useful hints
on gardening ever printed.

*

Just as we expected, the apple buyers are already
talking "large crop.” They claim that there is more
than enough to supply all needs and that farmers ought
to sell at a low figure. A more ridiculous statement
than this has never been made. Every sensible report
shows a decrease in yield from last year, and also that
scab has affected many apples.

*

Some of the peach growers who cultivate excessively
sow Crimson clover or turnips in the orchards in late
July. The object is to add humus and nitrogen to the
soil, and to check the growth of the wood on the peach
trees. I his year in dry sections this growth of Crimson
clover hurts the peach crop. There is not moisture
enough in the soil for both clover and peaches and the
fruit does not develop as it should.

*

On page 621 we print the opinions of various experi¬
ment station directors on the suggestion to use poor
farms for experiment work. The conclusion seems to
be that the plan is better for the West than for the
East. To one who has ever seen a New England town
farm the success of such work seems dubious. Still,
there would he a great lump of the right sort of glory
to one who could graft agricultural science upon a poor
farm !

*

For years it has been claimed that a good share of the
maple sugar and syrup on the market is adulterated. In
some cases the fraud is so evident that detection is easy.

In others it is almost impossible to tell when ordinary
cane sugar has been flavored with maple. The first
step therefore was to learn how to detect this skillful
fraud. The Vermont Experiment Station is at work
upon a test, and will find a true one. Naturally, such
work is slow, and there can be no direct results until
there is some way of surely telling the difference be¬
tween pure maple and adulterated goods. An impatient
farmer, who feels the injustice of being obliged to com¬
pete with adulterated goods, might say that all this
work of seeking for a sure test is so much useless delay.
He would be wrong. This slow work of preparing a
test may seem useless, but it is the most important part
of all. Much the same is true of the effort to obtain
better fence wire. We must first knoiv what to order
and how to be sure of it. The slow, patient work
which the Government chemists are doing may seem
dull enough to many who see their fence wire rotting

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKE1

from the posts. Yet this work must be done, and well
done first of all. While the chemists are working
out this problem for us let us do our part— demand
better wire and offer to pay a fair price for tested
goods.

*

On September 1 the State of Texas will sell 6.000,000
acres of school lands. We can imagine what this means
when we realize that this sale represents a tract larger
than the entire State of Massachusetts, or four times
the size of Delaware. It is not likely that ever again
will homestead land be offered in large quantities by
State or Nation, T lie State of 1 exas will endeavor
to have them disposed of in such a way as to induce
worthy home-seekers to enter the State. Cattlemen
will it is said, attempt to bid for the land in the name
of cowboys, who will refuse to qualify, and thus throw
the land back to the large cattle owners. Efforts will
he made to prevent this. The minimum price is $1 per
acre on 40 years’ time and five per cent interest. Only
160 acres will be sold to any one settler, and he must
actually occupy it within 90 days. There will probably
be some dishonest dealing in spite of all efforts to pre¬
vent it, but the State of Texas is trying to dispose of
this land in the most useful way. Most of the soil
thus offered is rich and capable of high production. It
would be a great mistake if Texas were to permit this
mighty domain to fall into the hands of the great cattle
owners or others who could and would monopolize it.
The land should go to make homes for smaller farmers,
for Texas needs these rather than great land enter¬
prises. The greatest need of every State is an increase
in the number of small freeholders. T he great corpora¬
tions and great enterprises may bring one form of
•wealth to a State, hut the best asset after all is the in¬
dependent small farmers, without whom the country
will decay.

*

Some farmers have developed quite a business in
selling soil out of their Alfalfa fields— to he used for
inoculation. It would be possible for a man who knows
how to do it to sell $1,000 worth of soil from a single
acre. We learn of cases where such soil has been or¬
dered in carload lots. I his business gives a rogue a
chance to sell many a gold brick. He could dig soil
from a cornfield if he was mean enough, and sell it for
soil inoculation. We know a man who has about as
good a field of Alfalfa as we have seen this year. When
asked if he will sell the soil he writes : —

While I may have the necessary inoculation in my Alfalfa
plot, 1 am not willing to use it on my own soil. I would
not put out what I am not willing to risk myself. I have
gone to the College Farm to get my inoculated soil.

It would be a good thing for the world if there were
more of such old-fashioned honesty — and there is a
good deal of it. too. This man has the Alfalfa, above
ground, but has it the underground power of starting
the bacteria? It would he easy to infer that it has,
but this man will test it himself and make sure before
he puts a price on it.

*

Will readers who have bought the bacteria or “ni-
tro-culture” for inoculating seed or soil please tell us
the result of their experiment? As a commercial, dol-
lar-and-cent investment, does this method pay? We
have never felt that the results of those who received
the free cultures from the Government were conclusive.
They did not justify the great parade made by the
Department of Agriculture. The reports from those
who use soil taken from a successful Alfalfa field arc
generally favorable. The bacteria in the “cultures”
evidently “wake up” and grow when put into water
with their food, but are they as sure to live when put
on the seed as those which come in the new soil? We
doubt it. Now that farmers are paying money for the
cultures it is time they observed carefully. What do
they say?

*

Secretary Wilson is reported to have said that the
Agricultural Department will be thoroughly overhauled
and investigated. While this should have been done
some years ago it is not too late to remedy the defects
in the Department. We feel disposed to take Secretary
Wilson at his word and wait to see what his overhaul¬
ing will amount to. We want no further proof that
something is wrong in the Department. After doing
about all it could to exploit “nitro-culture” the De¬
partment through its officers now advises farmers to
go slow and wait for fuller investigation. Now let us
see what Secretary Wilson will do. What will he do
about the crop reports? We can safely tell him that
a majority of farmers believe that as at present made
out they benefit only the produce gamblers. There is
no need of the secret feature of these reports. Will
Secretary Wilson have it given up? If not, why not?

It is believed by practical fanners that there are
too many junkets abroad, and too many useless
trips about the country to “study” various methods
or matters. Some of this work is useful — some
of it is not even ornamental. While pruning out

other dead wood Secretary Wilson might well use his
knife on the bluff and airy superiority which character¬
izes some of the Department work. The Department
should in some lines, at least, get down closer to ordi¬
nary farmers. It is a fair criticism which we have
formerly applied to some of the experiment stations,
that scientific agriculture seems to prefer to cater to
the wise and strong— the people who are best able to
take care of themselves. These few suggestions are
made fot Secretary Wilson to consider during his
investigation. If he will get out among plow and hay-
rake farmers lie will find that they have others. “Graft”
in the Department will destroy its value like a cancer.
Catering to privileged classes, extravagance, bluff and
airy superiority are like worms which destroy the solid
foundation.

*

We have received a number of letters from people
who accuse Chief Chemist H. W. Wiley of the Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, of being in sympathy with the
oleo manufacturers. The charge is that Dr. Wiley is
opposed to the use of any form of coloring matter in
butter. The oleo men threaten to put a hill prohibiting
the use of color through Congress if they can. and they
evidently expect Dr. Wiley’s help. What are the facts?
No one should judge a man on mere hearsay evidence.
We wrote Dr. Wiley, asking him to state his position,
hut find he has gone to Europe. His secretary sends
us extracts from two addresses before medical and
sanitary societies. In those Dr. Wiley argues against
the practice of coloring butter on the ground that with
the exception of annotto butter colors or dyes contain
poison. In an address before the Philadelphia Medical
Society Dr. Wiley said :

I am glad to report to this assembly that there is to-day
a growing tendency among the farmers to believe that uneol-
ored butter is better and will bring a higher price in this and
other countries. The moment the dairymen understand this
there will be no more difficulty about coloring butter. The
farther south you go the deeper the people want the color
<>t the butter. I don't know why a high temperature and a
desire for high color in butter go together, but it is a fact.
Demand that the butter you eat shall be uncolored, and in
two or three years, without trial by jury, you will get
what you want.

It seems clear therefore that Dr. Wiley is opposed
to the use of colors. We do not believe that farmers
are making more uncolored butter than formerly. The
creameries certainly are not doing so. Certainly if
people will demand white or uncolored butter they will,
in time, get it. hut at present the demand is for colored
butter, and, as Dr. Babcock has pointed out, this color
is the most practical test for pure butter as compared
with oleo. Even if we grant that Dr. Wiley’s position
is based upon a desire to prevent the use of poisons, it
is an unfortunate position at this time, when the un¬
scrupulous oleo men are trying to destoy the color
test for butter. They will find their strongest argu¬
ment in Dr. Wiley’s opinion, because it will appear as
if the Department of Agriculture were back of them.
Yet, what folly such an argument is ! They will oppose
die use of color in butter for fear that the people will
be poisoned — when they fought for years — through every
court, for the privilege of using it in their oleo !

BREVITIES.

There was a young man from the city
Said, “Oh, what a beautiful kitty.”

It was not a eat
But he did not know that,

So they buried his clothes.

What a pity !

Torn work may be big without being great !

1 i r conscience into your work and see the original grow.

Ground bone is the best form of phosphoric acid to use
with lime.

Name a trade in which there are not some who run a
“jet-rich-quickl’ game !

AVe do not understand that strawberries have ever been
successfully kept in cold storage over 10 days.

AVith all respect for you, it is not likely that great and
sudden prosperity would increase your moral stature.

AVe have seen some “sanctified” people who are so afraid
of hurting their wings that they will put no burdens on their
own shoulders.

Footprints on the sands of time. Those who tip toe
through life either leave none or leave a fair proportion of
posterity to wonder if a monkey did not pass by.

AA'iiex you undertake to hire a farm hand, and lie says he
will “exchange references” with you — then you realize that
labor is making a union with Independence. Aret, after all,
wliy should the laborer alone certify to His character? The
employer should also have something of the sort.

Many of us will agree to the following, written by an old
friend — a farmer all his life: — “If nature worried as much
as man it would have been worn out long ago. I was born
and bred to worry, and have fought the misfortune as
bravely as a weak mind and body could, but by times the race
seems hardly even.”

The Colorado State Land Board has leased about 50,000
acres of State land in El l’aso, Cheyenne, Lincoln and Kit
Carson counties, for the purpose of experimenting in the ex¬
termination of loco weed. Two Anethods are to be used,
either digging out the plant, or cutting it off and scattering
salt on tlie stump. The latter method is being used by
Nebraska farmers witli success.

1805

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

621

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Serious friction has developed between
Louisiana and Mississippi over the question of quarantine.
August - a fleet of tugs and launches, armed with howitzers
and small guns, manned by Louisiana’s Naval Reserves, were
sent to the Mississippi State line, on the Gulf Coast, to resist
the invasion of Governor Vardanian's armed quarantine
guards and to put hack from Louisiana waters the patrol
boats of the Mississippi waters that are capturing and con¬
fiscating Louisiana fishing smacks in Louisiana waters. Au¬
gust 1! tlie fever record at New Orleans was as follows : New
cases, 32; deaths, 11; total cases to date, 378; total deaths
to date, 7!) ; new foci of infection, 4 ; total number of cases
under treatment, 155; at Ship Island' quarantine station, in
the gulf, off Mobile Ray, 4 cases; Shreveport, to date, 1 case;
Montgomery Ala., 1 case; Lumberton, Miss., 1 case; West-
wego. La., 2 cases and 1 death ; Algiers, La., 1 case ; Sun¬
rise, La., 1 case; Empire, La., 1 case; Ostrica, La., 1 case;
Point Celeste, La., 1 case; Vaccaro, La., 2 cases; Adoyne,
La., 1 case; Sumvall, Miss., 1, case. August 4 there were
five deaths and 43 new cases in New Orleans, and the local
ofiicials asked t lie Federal Government to take charge. Arch¬
bishop Cliappelle. who died on August 9, was away from the
city when the fever broke out. lie hurried back to New
Orleans to help in the religious work to be done there. The
archeplscopal palace is in the old Creole, now the Italian,
quarter. In Alabama Gov. Jelks has interfered to prevent
tiie inhuman treatment of refugees from infected towns prac-
ficed in that Slate as well as in Louisiana and Mississippi.
Thousands of people fled from Montgomery, Shreveport and
other towns on the report of the first case, making for dis¬
tant points beyond the quarantine line. These people have
usually been locked in cars with the windows nailed down
and carried from 500 to 800 miles in weather the hottest
known in the South this season. The heat and the lack of
ventilation have made these cars in many cases almost as
bad as the black hole of Calcutta. The outrage was called
to the attention of Gov. .Telks by Judge Thomas G. Jones.
Gov. Jelks took the matter up with the quarantine author¬
ities and directed solicitors to prosecute the quarantine
agents guilty of such practices. Judge Jones in an interview
says that such oppression is in violation of State law and of
the Constitution of the United States. He says that if the
State fails to protect citizens against such oppression the
Federal courts would undoubtedly interfere. At Mobile.
Ala., August 7, quarantine rules were made more stringent
by the State board of health Issuing orders to the railroads
not to allow any one to board any of the trains unless sup¬
plied with a health certificate. The United States Marine
Hospital forces are having strenuous times placing the deten¬
tion camp at Fontainebleau. Miss. The residents have
threatened to burn the buildings and declare that they will
drive the hospital authorities off at the point of shotguns.
Cubans are jubilant over the gulf stations being afflicted with
yellow fever, and declare that the island will maintain its
quarantine for months. They claim that they reciprocated
because of the useless quarantine against their country by
the South. August 6 one man died of yellow fever at New
York’s detention hospital, making the third case of yellow
fever discovered on ships entering New York this Summer,
and t)ie second death. . . . August 8 St. Thomas's
Church (Episcopal). Fifty-third Street and Fifth Avenue,
New York, was totally destroyed by fire, the result of defec¬
tive insulation of electric wires, loss $400,000. The decora¬
tions about the chancel, by John La Farge and Augustus
St. Gaudens. cannot be replaced. The loss includes an altar
costing $10(1,000, organ $40,000, and chime of bells costing
$12,000. . . . The strike of the telegraphers on the
Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railroad systems went
Into full effect August 2. Two thousand men were reported
to be out, trains were delayed and perishable freight was
refused in St. Paul, but the railroad officials said that the
interruption to traffic was not serious. . . . William J.

Moxley, wealthy Chicago oleomargarine manufacturer, will
be unable to reclaim about $3(5,000 in taxes levied upon his
productions of butterine, for the recovery of which he filed
his suit against Collector of Internal Revenue Henry L. Hertz
more than a year ago. This became evident when Judge
Grosscup gave his decision in the case, finding in favor of
the defendant. As a result of this decision, unless the case
is later reversed in the upper courts, manufacturers of oleo¬
margarine will be unable to use palm oil as an Ingredient
and still escape the 10 cents a pound tax on colored oleomar¬
garine. Mr. Moxley in asking for the return of his money
paid the Government as taxes declared that the palm oil
was not used as a coloring, but to make the oleomargarine
of a much finer grade. . . . Alleging that certain grain

and elevator companies doing nine-tenths of the grain hand¬
ling business in Nebraska have joined forces to control
prices and force railroads to grant rebates to members. Attor-
nek General Brown filed suit August 3 in the Supreme Court
asking a dissolution of the Nebraska Grain Dealers’ Associa¬
tion. lie also secured an order restraining all of the mem¬
bers from doing any of the acts complained of as in restraint
of trade. The proceeding is said to be the most sweeping
ever instituted in the State, and it affects the market for
200,000,000 bushels of grain purchased at the 1.200 elevators
belonging to members of fhe association. In addition to the
restraining order, the Attorney General demands the for¬
feiture of the franchises of the corporations which have
been parties to what he calls a conspiracy among the grain
men. He swears that they conspired to pool and fix prices
for the purpose of preventing competition, and that the offi¬
cers of the association withheld the benefit of their agree¬
ment from shovel houses and elevators off the right of way
which were run by farmers. He charges that the prices were
absolutely fixed at secret meetings, that the volume of trade
has been controlled, that penalties have been imposed for
violations of the agreement, by members and also that the
blacklist has been resorted to. . Preparations for an

early trial of the beef cases are being made by United States
District Attorney C. 15. Morrison in the office of the United
States Attorney General in Washington, and it is reported
that the first case will be placed on hearing not later than
October 5. Recent developments in one case are said to
have prompted Mr. Morrison to visit the Attorney General
and lay the facts before him ns justification for placing this
particular case on trial without delay. President Roosevelt
and Attorney General Moody are said to have agreed that the
trial of the beef cases ought to be hastened. There are
21 packing officials and five corporations indicted, and as
each case will have to be tried separately the hearings may
require at least two months. . . . The Delaware. Lack¬

awanna and Western Railroad plant at Hoboken. N. ,T., with
the ferry house and one ferryboat, was totally destroyed by
fire August 7. The train sheds, the ferry slips, the station
and the new immigrant station south of the train sheds were
all destroyed. The Immigrant station was a new building
opened about a week. It cost $75,000. It was one of the
first of the new buildings planned by the Lackawanna to take
the place of the old buildings. In addition to the railroad’s
property. Duke’s House, the oldest hotel in Hoboken, and the
trolley shed of the Public Service Corporation were burned.
Chief Croker, of the New York Fire Department, spent part
of the evening chasing the burning ferryboat ITopatcong off
the coast of New York with two fireboats. The railroad
company puts its loss at $250,000; the total loss is said to
be about $750,000. . . . August 8 the middle of a five-

story department store operated by the J. G. Myers Company.
Albany, N. Y.. collapsed, burying 100 persons. The first day
eight dead and 75 injured were removed, but the total num¬
ber of victims was unknown.

ADMINISTRATION. — Official confirmation was given Au¬
gust 3 to the reports that charges involving officers of the
Marine Hospital Service on duty in China haft been made
to the Secretary of the Treasury. At the same time it was
explained that an investigation, just completed, cleared the
accused men of any wrongdoing. Supervising Surgeon Gen¬
eral Wyman of the Marine Hospital Service has received a
report on the subject from W. J. White. Passed Assistant
Surgeon, stationed at Ilong Kong. Dr. White advises the
Department that he has looked into the matter and secured
a great deal of evidence, but that none of It taints the rec¬
ord of any hospital surgeon in the service of the United
States. He reports that Chinese immigrants are held up
for fees, ranging from $25 to $125, but that natives are
responsible for the holdups, and that in prosecuting their
illicit traffic they have used the names of the American sur¬
geons.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.— Secretary Wilson
designated P. L. Hutchinson as a member of the new Board
of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture August 2. It
is the Secretary’s Intention to displace the members of the

temporary board recently appointed as soon as he can find
suitable men to till the places. Mr, Hutchinson, who is the
first selection, is ind’orsed by Mr. Stubbs, former director
of the Louisiana Experiment Station, with whom Secretary
Wilson is conferring in regard to the personnel of the board.
He is a resident of New Orleans. . . . August 2 Secre¬

tary Wilson denied that employees of the forestry service
have written articles for magazines prior to the publication
of the results of Government work in public reports. . . .
Secretary Wilson announced that John Hyde, former Chief
Statistician of the Department of Agriculture, will return
from Europe and testify before the Grand Jury in the cotton
report investigation. Hyde's friends say he fled to Europe,
not from any fear of Department disclosures, but because he
was panic stricken at the prospect of becoming the center of
a domestic scandal. . . . All the papers relating to the

investigation into the Bureau of Animal Industry were
placed in the hands of George McCabe, solicitor of the De¬
partment of Agriculture August 8. The inquiry, it now de¬
velops, not only involves the charges concerning tags, but
also the charge that meat inspection, as now administered,
redounds to the benefit of the beef trust. This feature will
be gone into thoroughly, and independent dealers have asked
to be heard.

COUNTY POOR FARMS FOR EXPERIMENTS

„ We have referred several times to the work done in Iowa,
Kansas and other Western States in using the farms con¬
nected with poorhouses for experiment purposes in connection
with the experiment stations. In the West this plan has
met witli some success. We have asked the directors of
experiment stations in various Eastern Slates what they
think of the plan. Their replies follow :

At first thought I am not favorable to such a scheme. It
seems to me that the sort of observation and control essential
to good work cannot be secured in this way. If it is desired
to institute a system of educational work for the inmates of
poor farms, that is an entirely different proposition. It per¬
haps would apply more fully to new States, where the rela¬
tion of varieties to environment is of more importance than
in New York. w. h. jokdan.

Geneva, N. Y.

We have never tried the plan here. I do not like to ven¬
ture an opinion upon untried matter, but I am extremely
suspicious of experiments conducted by people who have not
been trained to do the work. I assume, however, that this
is more demonstration work than investigation. It might
have value in this way, yet I question whether the public
would not be suspicious of results that emanate from such
sources. e. davenport,

Illinois Experiment Station.

The suggestion contained in your letter of recent date to
utilize the county poor farms as a sort of extension experi¬
ment station seems attractive on Its face, but I should hesi¬
tate to express a decided opinion as to its value in advance
of actual experience. This State, however, had some experi¬
ences with experimental farms years ago, which formed a
striking demonstration of the difficulties of experimenting at
long range. I think I shall be quite willing to have some
one try the experiment before advocating its introduction
here. h. p, armsby.

I’ennsylvania Experiment Station.

1 very much like the Kansas idea of making experiments
in the growing of crops at the county poor farms. 1 had
not thought of this particular way of extending the influence
of the colleges and experiment stations. I should not expect
that any very great scientific results could be got. but it
would provide one more means of extension teaching, where¬
by the results of the experiment station work could be taken
directly to the people. Just how much concrete result could
be got from these demonstration areas would depend, of
course, on the kind of supervision that was provided at the
poor farm. l. h. bailey.

Cornell University.

As you are aware, in New England the unit is the town,
and not the county, with the result that no large poor farms
are maintained, and none at all under the control of the
county officers. The scheme which very likely will work
advantageously in Kansas, would not. it seems to me, be
applicable to our own State. Experimental work cannot be
done at a profit, and our towns try to run their poor farms
on the narrowest margin possible. In my judgment it
would be a diversion of experiment station funds to use them
for purpose of experiment on poor farms, and I do not be¬
lieve that the towns would vote to maintain such experi¬
ments over any continued period of time, ciias, i>. woods.

Maine.

The Kansas plan of growing crops on the county poor
farms, I believe to be a good one where the conditions are
right. Men are not appointed to the charge of these farms
because of their ability as experimenters, but because they
combine kindness of heart with shrewdness in business man¬
agement. Experience bears out the statement that these
men sometimes do not look kindly on the amount of detail
required in cacrying to ultimate success experiments planned
by a station. In some States, too, an organization of the
charitable institutions is such as to make the plan impos¬
sible. In Michigan we have co-operated to some extent with
some of the charitable institutions, but have never under¬
taken co-operation with all the counties. I wish to be re¬
corded as not opposing the plan. c. d. smith.

Michigan.

This matter has occupied my attention to some extent,
and under the conditions that exist in this State, I am not
satisfied that it would be a profitable line of experiment
work, chiefly for two reasons, first, that the work would
necessarily have to be done at arm’s length ; that is. the
station would not be able to supervise directly the various
experiments conducted, and thus not have positive knowledge
as to the conditions which prevailed; and second, it would
be too expensive to provide competent persons to supervise
the work at each farm. It is, my experience that few ex¬
periments conducted this way are of real value. In the
majority of cases, there are breaks in the observations of the
parties in charge, which prevent drawing safe conclusions
from results. Unless a person is trained for experiment
work, it is impossible to impress upon him the necessity of
absolute care in making records of all conditions which may
prevail throughout the season. e. b. voorhees.

New Jersey.

The plan promises, I should judge, to be more useful in a
relatively young community, where methods have not be¬
come so far crystallized as here, and where it is not as well
known as here what crops will succeed in different localities.
It is quite possible that our methods are too much crystal¬
lized: that we adhere to the “ruts” too closely, and while I
should not anticipate any very striking modifications in farm
practice to result from the adoption of the Kansas plan, it
seems to me there can be no doubt that it would prove to
some degree useful. It occurs to me, however, that the
inmates of the poor farm establishment are not just the sort
of persons through whom one may hopefully look to attain
progress along lines of agricultural improvement. They are.
I suppose, those who have made a relative failure in life,
who are old and infirm. Such persons clearly are not likely
to prove effective agents for the introduction of new crops
or new methods. Further. I suppose, the poor farms are not
in general visited much. Perhaps they might be if it should
be known that work of the kind under consideration was
being carried on there. There is yet one other point. The
old and infirm and unintelligent are not possessed of either
the physical or mental characteristics which will make work
of the best kind in testing varieties, new crops, and methods
a possibility. On the whole. I believe that the energies of
the experiment station might be better expended in other
directions. wm. p. brooks.

Massachusetts.

Two points are of fundamental importance in the making
of a successful field experiment : first, an experimenter who
takes an intelligent interest in the work, or who Is willing
to follow absolutely the instructions given him by one who
does take such interest, and second, a uniform soil. Some¬
times our county infirmary farms possess one or the other of
these prime essentials, more often neither, for both farm
and superintendent have been selected for an entirely dif¬
ferent work. Where both points can lie found combined the
idea of using these farms as test farms for scientific experi¬
ment is a good one, but on the majority of such farms it
will result in failure. At the best the superintendent of the
poor farm must owe a divided allegiance, his first duty being
to the unfortunates under his charge and unless he possesses

a strong inclination towards the work of investigation it will
be neglected. We think we have found a better way in Ohio:
In several regions of t lie State, representing various soil
formations, farms have been selected by the station manage¬
ment because of their adaptation to this work, and either
purchased or leased for a term of years. Selected portions
of these farms are then thoroughly tile-drained and put
under a permanent system of management, under superin¬
tendents whose only responsibility is that of faithfully exe¬
cuting the work laid out for them by the experiment station.
These test farms are now producing results of incomputable
value.

In addition to the work done on these test farms, the
station is now joining hands with a multitude of private
farmers throughout the State, through the agency of the
Agricultural Students’ Union of Ohio, the research division
of which articulates with the experiment station, the educa
tional division with the College of Agriculture of the State*
University. The “experimentalist" of this organization is a
staff officer of the experiment station. Under his leadership
former students of the College of Agriculture who have re¬
turned to their farms, and older farmers who may not have
had the benefit of training in the agricultural college, but
who have, what is more important, a desire for more accu¬
rate knowledge concerning their vocation, are taking up the
work of field experiment, each individual undertaking but a
very small .line of investigation for himself, and executing
this under the personal supervision of the experimentalist
of the station, who spends the larger portion of his time in
the field, visiting each season as many as possible of the
co-operators, and by personal encouragement and instruction
aiding them in their work. In his office at the experiment
station the experimentalist keeps a thoroughly indexed
record of the work done by each co-operator, and between
this record and the personal knowledge he obtains by his
visits to tlie different workers, he is gaining a fund of in¬
formation respecting the aptitude of men over the State for
this work and the suitability of their soils and surroundings,
by the aid of which it will be possible in a few years to
organize a system of scientific research in agriculture, ex¬
tending to the remotest corners of the State, and enlisting in
its support the highest intelligence of our farming popula¬
tion. CHAS. B. TIIORNE.

Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station.

The potato crop will be much less than last year. There
has been an unusual quantity of bugs; wet weather prevented
good cultivation. Much low level land will hardly pay for
digging. For some cause the ladybugs, which destroyed
many eggs of the bugs, have disappeared so the eggs have all
hatched. The disappearance of the ladybugs is a great loss
as they lived on many injurious insects. New potatoes are
selling at 70 to 80 cents a bushel. c. m.

Onondaga Co., N. Y. _

CANADIAN FRUIT CROPS. — Correspondents of the Cana¬
dian Department of Agriculture report almost universally
that the fruit conditions have changed for the worse very
considerably since the last report. The falling off in the
prospects is greatest in plums and’ apples. The reasons of¬
fered for this may be classed under three heads, excessive
rains during the blossoming period, Spring frosts, and the
effects of previous heavy crops. Few of tlie correspondents
expect more than half the crop of last year and many of
them not more than a quarter. Sour cherries have been a
medium crop: tlie sweet cherries have been seriously affected
with rot, except in the dry belt of British Columbia. Small
fruits have yielded nearly, if not quite, a full crop on bearing
plantations, though the aggregate was somewhat cut down by
losses from winter-killing and late frosts in strawberries,
raspberries and blackcaps. Fungous diseases are somewhat
more plentiful than last year. The curculio is reported in
nearly every plum-growing section. The Codling moth is
much more in evidence than last year, but is not nearly so
prevalent as it was a few years ago. Onlv a few correspond¬
ents report serious damage as likely to occur from this insect.
Wild raspberries and strawberries have been unusually plen¬
tiful in the districts where they grow. The Extension of
Markets Division. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, has re¬
ceived information to the effect that the Government of Cape
Colony, South Africa, intends to enforce more strictly the
existing regulations against the introduction of apples in¬
fected with the disease known as “black spot” (Fusicladium
dendrlticum) or other insect disease, and exporters of such
fruit from Canada are warned that shipments found to be
so infected will be liable to confiscation and destruction with¬
out compensation, under the provisions of the Import Regu¬
lations.

APPLE FAILURES AND PRICES OF RECENT YEARS. _

The apple crop for the year 1905 bids fair to go on record
as being one of the worst failures of recent years. One en¬
terprising fruit journal has canvassed every apple producing
State in the Union, including Canada, and all. with the sin¬
gle exception of California, report a short crop. And now
the farmer and fruit grower should put on a bold face, and
demand a good stiff price for his apples this Fall. Whether
he receives the high prices paid in former years of shortage
remains to be seen. Assuming the price paid to be a correct
index of the size of the crop, the shortest crop of recent
years occurred in 1901, when the writer received $3.50 per
barrel for No. 1 fruit and 50 cents per 100 for drying apples.
But the worst failure of the apple crop within our memory
occurred in the year 1890, when the entire fruit crop of ail
kinds was practically nothing, for in that year all our books
show to have been sold was a bushel and a half of quinces.
In that year we barely had apples enough for family use.
and a carload was shipped in from the West which sold for
$4 per barrel. The Winter preceding this was warm and
open, with plenty of mud and little snow, followed by a cold,
backward Spring. Other notable years of shortage were
1893 and 1898. In these we received $2 and $2.35 respec¬
tively for the fruit and 75 and 40 cents for culls and drops.
In fact, we find that in nine of the last 1(5 years the price
has been $2 or better for No. 1 fruit. Years of surplus and
low prices occurred in 1891. 1895, 1890, 1900, 1903 and
1904. The average prevailing price for these years was 84
cents per barrel. In the memorable year of 1890 50 cents
per barrel was realized, and some only received that with
barrel Included. w. A. b.

Interlaken, N. Y. _

BUSINESS BITS.

The letter printed below from the prominent Holstein
breeder, T. A. Mitchell, Weedsport, N. Y.. is Indicative of the
high degree of satisfaction which the Warriner Stanchion
manufactured by W. B. Crumb, Forestville, Conn., is giving:
“My Dear Sir : I enclose cheek for the stanchions. We
have just got them in and I am very much pleased with
them.”

Hamilton & Co., Ereildoun. Pa., write us that they have
their Fall and Winter price list and descriptive circular now
ready, which gives full information about their purebred
hogs. They guarantee the stock to please or agree to take
it back, refund all money sent, and pay half express charges,
so buyers run no risk in dealing with them. They will send
price list and circular free if you mention this paper when
you write.

While the tendency of the present, day is to hurry and
skimp and make things “to sell” rather than “to last,” it is
gratifying to know that there are still some few concerns
who believe that their own interests are best served by
making goods of quality, even though the cost of producing
is greater than for cheap articles, which are sure to prove
unsatisfactory In the end. Prominent among those who
have clung to the old idea that quality counts is the Eddy-
stone Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of the cele¬
brated and familiar Simpson-Eddystone prints. These goods
have been made continuously for over a half a century, and
their sale is greater to-day than it ever has been before.

Among the veterinary remedies that are giving universal
satisfaction “Save the Horse” has earned a place in the
first ranks. Nothing can more strongly recommend it than
the manufacturer’s guarantee to refund the purchase price
in any case where it is used as directed and fails to do
all that is claimed for it. Every bottle is sold under this
guarantee and very few have asked for the money back. In
fact the writer of th’ese notes has used "Save the Horse” on
sore tendons and to remove bunches with very satisfactory
results. It Is well to have a remedy of this kind in the
stable for emergencies. If you own a horse it will nay vou
to know about this remedy. Write to the Troy Chemical
Co., Binghamton, N. Y.

622

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 19,

From Day to Day.

THE LORD WANTS REAPERS.

O dwellers in the valley land.

Who in deep twilight grope and cower
Till the slow mountain's dial hand
Shoi tens to noon's triumphal hour.

Why sit ye idle, do you think

The Lord"s great work sits idle, too?
That light dare not o'erleap the brink
Of morn, because 'tis dark with you?

Though yet your valleys skulk in night.

In God’s ripe field the day is dried.

And reapers with their sickles bright.
Troop, singing, down the mountain side:
Come ye and feel what health there is
In the frank dawn's delighted eyes.

As, bending with a pitying kiss,

The night-shed tears of earth $he dries !

The Lord wants reapers : O mount up.
Before night comes and says “Too late !”
Stay not for taking scrip or cup.

The Master hungers while ye wait :

’Tis from these heights alone your eyes
The advancing spears of day can see.
That o'er the eastern hilltops rise.

To break your long captivity.

—James Russell Lowell.

When a snugly fitting wash waist is
buttoned down the back, little crocheted
buttons are much more reliable than pearl
to fasten it. They do not come un¬
buttoned nearly so easily as the slippery
pearl.

*

Blueberry bread is a Summer dainty.
Sift together a quart of flour, two heaping
teaspoonfuls of baking powder and a level
teaspoonful of salt. Turn in cold milk
enough to make a stiff batter, and add two
cupfuls of blueberries which have been
washed, drained and dried. Bake in a
square, shallow pan. Serve hot with
butter. The bread should be broken, not
cut.

*

Baked corn and tomatoes is a Summer
dish that will be found welcome at dinner
or supper: Fill an earthen pudding dish
with alternate layers of corn and toma¬
toes, each about an inch thick. Season
each with salt, pepper and butter. When
the dish is full sprinkle with grated bread
crumbs and bits of butter. Cover the dish
with a plate and bake in a moderately hot
oven for 20 minutes. Then remove the
cover and bake 15 minutes longer.

whose thoughtful sympathy always makes
them welcome, no matter how busy the
household may be, but they never wear
out that welcome by thoughtless invasions
of the hostess’s rights.

*

One of the oddest developments of the
eccentrically curved new hats is the use
of little bunches of false hair to fill up
any unbecoming gaps. They are little
curls or puffs attached to hairpins; when
the hat is in place, if any bare and yawn¬
ing vacancies show in the curves under
the brim one of these pieces of hair is
pinned on to fill it up. It recalls the time,
many years ago, when an elaborately
curled “fringe” was worn over the fore¬
head, which was often uncurled by the
pressure of a hat, so many women wore
an artificial fringe pinned into the hat.
The effect was rather startling when a
lady crowned with coquettish curls re¬
moved her hat and the curls with it,
showing a coiffure of Quakerish sim¬
plicity. People who believe that false hair
is not so much worn now as in the days
of enormous chignons, when elderly

set ’em up there on the mantelpiece to
kind of remind us. 1 think some time,
maybe, we’ll have regular photographs
taken in Nasliuy that would show our
failings still better.”

Mrs. Jenkins removed her own likeness
from the mantel, held it at a distance,
then brought it close to her eyes ; then
she held it appealingly toward the Sum¬
mer boarder.

“The rest of ’em are faithful, but mine —
I haven’t got any such a cant to my eye¬
brows as that, one up and one down, now
have I ?” she asked, with much anxiety.

The Other Side

Prudence Primrose has shown us the
dark side of the country spinster’s lot on
page 543. She would have all such give
up trying to subsist upon next to noth¬
ing, and take service in the homes of
wealthy and well-to-do people. Now as a
matter of fact, the middle-aged spinster
would be of no use in a fine city house.
She knows how to prepare her simple
meals, but would be all at sea in cooking
a dinner of half a dozen courses. With¬
out training, she would not make a skill¬
ful waitress, nor could she assist my lady
at her toilet and look after her laces and
lingerie. In simpler homes, the service
may be comparatively easy, but even here,
would she adapt herself to the conditions?

\;T

THE YOUNG CAVALIER. Fig. 262.

a few spices. Pack in small jars, cover
with hot lard, and seal tightly. It will
keep for some time when sealed, but
should be used at once when opened.

*

Charity Sweetheart’s reference to the

* women hid the beauty of white hair under In the country, she is considered “as good

Deviled ham is a convenience for sand- a waved bdse f'ont of fearful blackness, as anybody. She is a person of some
wich filling and a pleasant accompaniment w0ldd change their minds if they visited education and refinement. In her new po-
for scrambled eggs or omelet. It can be 3 fasllional;,le hairdresser’s. The amount sition, she is simply Mrs. So and So’s
made from scraps of boiled ham too small of Purchased hair worn nlust be enormous, hired girl, and many are the humiliations
to make neat slices. Run the pieces but 11 is 80 wel1 matched and arranged she must bear, besides the loss of most
through a meat chopper twice or three now that ifc 110 lonSer looks artificial. social privileges. Some years ago, a story
times, so as to make a paste. Season r . was written foi one of the magazines

highly with mixed mustard, pepper and The tintype man had found a remuner- which was more than a fancy picture of

ative field in Ashton, says the Youth’s the trials of a woman of middle station
Companion. When the Summer boarder in securing domestic help. At last, she
arrived that year at Willow Farm, she broke down under the strain of alter-
noticed that the parlor mantel was adorned r.ating between very bad servants and
with staring, large-sized tintypes of all none at all, and was forced to go away
the Jenkins family. for rest and recuperation. Then her im-

“He charged us overprice, and they’re pulsive, fourteen-year-old daughter solved
unexpected visitors who make Sunday fearful plain, arn’t they?” said Mrs. Jen- the problem by an advertisement begin-
anything but a day of rest to many a kins to her guest. “But they’ve done us ning with : “Wanted, a good girl in a good
country housewife will apply to a great a sight of good.” home for good pay,” and ending with the

many localities. It is not easy for a “Yes,” said the young woman, vaguely, statement, “She can have a fire in her
woman whose impulses are generous and “I suppose tl;ey might—” room.” It was a desperate expedient, but

hospitable to own even to herself that “Lawzee, dear child, there’s no reason it worked. There were 200 answers to
guests often become burdensome. But you should know what I mean,” inter- the advertisement, and by means of it,
too often it is not the longed-for friend rupted Mrs. Jenkins. “But you take a they secured a woman whom they could,
who makes these visitations, but some ac- family of folks living on a farm, and and did take into their home and treat as
quaintance who reckons upon one’s hos- growing old together, same as Ab and one of themselves. Until the women
pitality as a convenience or an economy, Jane and Henry and I are, and we don’t “with pockets full of money” are willing
or a family connection who takes it as a notice little ways we’ve got into. But to give more than the bare dollars to those
right, without returning it in sympathy or the night after we had those taken we who serve them, they will not recruit their
kindliness. Some of the worst sinners stood ’em up in a row and looked at ’em. help from the country spinsters who have
in this respect are town acquaintances, “ ‘Do I chew my mouth down to the a roof over their heads and independ-
who only see the leisure side of farm life, left that way?’ said Ab. ence.

and entirely ignore the cares and duties “ ‘Is my forehead any such bed
that go with it. They would never think o’ wrinkles as that?’ said Jane,
of dropping in upon some town friend in “‘Do I commonly squint my eyes up
the same way, staying to a meal or two, like that?’ asked Henry,
but look upon it as one of the privileges “And every time the rest of us, put tions and cases, but domestic help is too
of the country. There are some guests to it truthful, had to say yes. So we’ve scarce for such a condition to prevail gen-

Is the life of many women in the coun¬
try, women who are capable, energetic,
and resourceful as hard as has been pic¬
tured? It may be true in isolated sec-

erally. For some time, I employed the
only woman in the community who could
be had for a day’s work. She had bought
a small place, and was paying for it in
this way. She has since removed to a
neighboring village. I met her not long
ago. Prosperity was written all over her.
This woman is not a spinster, but she sup¬
ports a ne’er-do-well husband who is as
much of a burden as most single women
have to carry. Several new enterprises
which afford employment for women have
sprung up here in the last few years. One
is the “beanery.” Large quantities of
beans are raised by the farmers, and these
are hand-picked almost entirely by women.
When the bean-sorting establishment was
started in a deserted store in our village
with 40 machines; some one doubtfully
asked the proprietor where he expected to
get the help. “You will see,” was the
quiet answer, and his confidence was justi¬
fied. There is no lack of women and girls
from the village and surrounding country
to keep the machines running. Some
whose domestic duties keep them from
resorting to the beanery, buy a machine
and work at home. The pickle factory
was built last year. Women make the
most careful and thorough pickers in the
cucumber fields, and earn good wages
through the late Summer and Fall. Berry
picking and work in the apple evaporators
help to swell the purse of our country
spinster.

Is it not largely our own fault when
our lives become narrow? We have failed
to keep our sympathies awake. This may
happen to us anywhere, for the cause lies
not in our surroundings but within our¬
selves.. Charles Wagner has taught us
that the best living is that laid down on
a few broad lines and which avoids the
perplexing tangle of side issues and by¬
paths. Where is this easier than in the
country? Charity Sweetheart’s case re¬
minds me of the lad in one of Lincoln’s
stories who worked in a shipyard. He
was always selected to knock away the
supports that held the ship on the ways,
because he did it better than anyone else,
but he always screamed as if in mortal
agony all the time he was doing it. I
think those who are bravely and unsel¬
fishly doing good work in hard places
ought to be allowed the privilege of “hol¬
lering” if they feel like it, particularly if
they are women, for this is often the
greatest relief to their overcharged nerves.

I would say to those middle-aged spin¬
sters who have a home, even “a poorly
equipped cottage” in the country, and who
feel that it is the dearest spot on earth,
cling to it and leave to younger women
the hazarding of new fortunes. In the
words of Dante, may you never learn
“how hard is the going up and down
others’ stairs.” m. e. colegrove.

Quick Pickles.

The quickest and easiest way of making
cucumber pickles that I ever have found
is to put a gallon of vinegar and one cup¬
ful, each, of salt and mustard into a two
gallon crock; pick small, quickly grown
cucumbers ; rub off the black specks, and
put into vinegar. In a few days the
pickles are ready for use. Some people
add a cup of sugar and one of grated
horseradish to the above recipe, but it is
a matter of taste, as neither is necessary
to the keeping quality of the pickles.
Each time cucumbers are added to those
in the crock all should be well stirred
up from the bottom. It is a good plan
to put a quart of vinegar with its proper
proportion of salt and mustard into a two-
quart glass can, and fill in cucumbers for
immediate use.

For a good pickle without mustard:
Put a teacupful of salt and a tablespoon¬
ful of powered alum into a gallon of
vinegar. Pick small cucumbers and pour
a weak brine over them, boiling hot. Let
stand over night ; drain, and put into
prepared vinegar. Add cucumbers as
convenient, and when as many have been
put into the vinegar as it will cover scald
them up, and put into fresh vinegar, to
which has been added a little red pepper
and horseradish eva ryman-gaillard.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

623

Oat Cakes and Oat Bread.

Will some one give recipe for making oat
cake from rolled oats? M. f. k.

If the inquirer means Scotch oat cake,
rolled oats cannot be used, this being
made from finely ground oatmeal. How¬
ever, there are several ways in which
cooked rolled oats can be used very ac¬
ceptably, thus using up small portions of
the cooked cereal

Oatmeal Gems. — Separate two eggs;
beat the yolks for a moment; add a half
pint of milk, then one and one-half cup
of bread flour, and beat thoroughly; add
n tablespoonful of melted butter, a half
teaspoonful of salt, one cup of left-over
oatmeal porridge and one rounding tea¬
spoonful of baking powder. Beat for
about two minutes. Fold in carefully the
well-beaten whites of the eggs. Pour
this mixture into 12 greased gem pans and
bake in a moderately quick oven 20 min¬
utes. This recipe is from Mrs. Rorer's
“Bread and Bread Making."

Oatmeal Pone. — Add one cup of milk
one cup of cold left-over oatmeal por¬
ridge. Add one saltspoon of salt and a
scant cup of flour, into which has been
sifted a teaspoon of baking powder. Pour
into a greased baking pan and bake for
30 minutes. Serve hot, cut into squares
with a hot knife.

Oatmeal Bread. — One cup of oatmeal
cooked as for porridge, two tablespoonfuls
sugar, one-third of a compressed yeast
cake. If oatmeal was salted when cooked,
add no salt; if not add a small teaspoon¬
ful. Cool the oatmeal till lukewarm, add
sugar and yeast dissolved in a tablespoon¬
ful of water, then stir in wheat flour till
stiff as can be stirred with a spoon ; will
take from a quart to three pints of flour,
it depends on how wet the porridge is.
Let rise till very light in the baking pan.
Bake slowly about an hour and a quarter.
This is best the day after it is baked.

Oatmeal Wafers. — Add to one pint of
cooked oatmeal a generous pinch of . salt,
and enough whole wheat flour to make
a dough. Roll into a thin sheet, cut into
squares, and bake in a slow oven, so that
they are crisp and dry when done.

The genuine oat cake made by a Scotch
relative consisted simply of the finely-
ground oatmeal, to which a little salt was
added, mixed to a stiff dough with water,
and then rolled very thin. Sometimes
they were baked on a dry griddle, and
sometimes they were dried rather than
baked by being tilted up on a pie tin in
front of an open fire. It is a difficult
matter to roll this crumbly dough thin
and bake it without breaking, but the
maker of these “girdle cakes’’ did it with
the deftness of 60 years’ practice, and
they were crisp, yet never hard.

Scotch Scones. — Take two pounds of
fine oatmeal, a tablespoonful of salt, a
tablespoonful of lard and enough water to
make a stiff dough. Rub the lard into the
oatmeal and add the salt and water. In
rolling the palm of the hand should be
used instead of a rolling-pin. Press the
dough into a round cake about a quarter
of an inch thick, cut into segments and
cook on a griddle over a slow fire until
a light brown. Oatmeal scones properly
prepared will keep for weeks.

Scotch Oat Bread. — To two cups of
steel-cut oatmeal, one teaspoonful soda
and one teaspoonful salt, add two cups of
boiling water; when cool add one cup of
molasses and one cake of yeast. Stand
over night. In the morning mix stiff
with wheat flour. Shape into loaves, let
rise and bake.

Mrs. Rorer’s Brown Bread. — Mix thor¬
oughly one pint of Quaker oats, one pint
of Petti john’s breakfast food, one cup
of cornmeal and one cup of entire wheat
flour. Add one teaspoonful of salt and
one cup of molasses, in which one tea¬
spoonful of soda has been dissolved.
Stir into this one pint of thick sour milk,

turn into a greased tin, and steam three
hours, then bake one hour in a moderate
oven.

The Rural Patterns.

A jaunty little Eton jacket, like No.
5098, is a favorite in two-piece suits for
young girls. This one is so simple that
it involves the least possible labor and
skill in the making and at the same time
is attractive. Illustrated it is made of
taffeta with bands of the silk, cut bias and
edged with tiny braid, as finish, and serves
the purpose of a general wrap, but it also
would be suited to the costume, to linen,

*>098 Misses Eton Jacket, 12 to 16 yrs.

to mohair and to all seasonable materials.
The jacket consists of the front, back and
sleeves and is fitted by means of shoulder
and under-arm seams. The sleeves are
loose and in elbow length. For a girl
of 14 years will be required 2J4 yards of
material 21, 2 yards 27, or % yards 44
inches wide with 6 yards of banding to
trim as illustrated. The pattern 5098 is
cut in sizes for girls 12, 14 and 16 years;
price 10 cents.

Nothing that the season has brought
has taken a firmer hold upon popular
fancy than shepherd’s check and it never

appears to better advantage than when
combined with plain color as in the illus¬
tration. In No. 5092 the material is blue
and white linen voile and the yoke and
cuffs are of plain white linen. The dress
is made with the waist and the skirt, the
waist being gathered at both upper and

lower edges and joined to the square yoke
of the skirt , while its sleeves are full and
finished with the cuffs. The skirt is
straight, gathered at its upper edge and
joined to the circular yoke and the clos¬
ing is made at the back. The quantity
of material required for the medium size
(10 years) is 4*4 yards 27, 3^4 yards 32
or 3 yards 44 inches wide with $4 yards
27 inches wide for yokes and cuffs. The
pattern 5092 is cut in sizes for girls of
6, 8, 10 and 12 years; price 10 cents.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

U)

h-

U

in

<M

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

01

o

H

0)

• -

The Bookshelf.

At the Sign of the Fox, by the au¬
thor of “The Garden of a Commuter’s
Wife.” This is the third novel by this
author, its predecessors being “People of
the Whirlpool” and “The Woman Er¬
rant.” They are all contemporary studies
of New York and suburban life, and all
are marked by cheery optimism, close ob¬
servation and a gentle humor that never
leaves a sting. The present story tells
how financial shipwreck sent the Lawton
family from a luxurious city home to an
old New England farm, where, after some
study, Brooke Lawton, the daughter of
the house, who unites New England “fac¬
ulty” with an artistic temperament, turns
the farm home into a tea house for the
guests of adjacent Summer resorts. She
furnishes tea and sandwiches, home dain¬
ties and “foxhead julep” made after an
old family recipe, and becomes a success.
There is, of course, a little love story in¬
terwoven, but the best feature of the
book, to our mind, is the festival air it
gives to plain country living. We need
such books, if only to tell us how much
of joy and happiness lies right at our
doorsteps. “At the Sign of the Fox” is
just the book for the country home, where
it will bring abiding contentment, and En¬
tile city home, because it will make the
dwellers therein discontented until they
too get “back to the soil.” Published by
the Macmillan Company, New York; price
$1.50.

The Fool Errant, by Maurice Hewlett.
This author is described as standing at the
very head and front of English ro¬
mancers; his wonderful imagination, vivid
command of language, and minute knowl¬
edge of bygone customs puts him in a
class by himself. One need only read
“The Forest Lovers” or “Richard Yea-
and-Nay” to realize how foolishly puerile
are many so-called historical novels, when
thus contrasted with the work of a mas¬
ter. In “The Fool Errant” Mr. Hewlett
takes us to Italy during the first quarter
of the eighteenth century. He shows the
despotism underlying cultured and artistic
society in the Italian republics, while pass¬
ing oyer the more brutal phases of life at
that time. The story is told with a whim¬
sical simplicity that shows the author at
his best; it has the quaint attitude of a
fairy tale, and the hero passes through i'
like the wandering prince of an old le
gend. There is an underlying meaning
under all the poetic charm that each read
er must study out for himself. It is ;
book that will be reread for its beauty
of diction after being first devoured for
its story. Published by the Macmillan
Company, New York; price $1.50.

There’s many a foolish fellow who
Tries long and hard to mount —

Who always has great things in view,
Yet day by day neglects to do
The little things that count.

— S. E. Kiser.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

ha* been n*ed by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years.
It soothes the child, softens the gums, alleys <
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best <
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES 1 PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn me
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue seat
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
'-~>nd Rauids.Mleh. L. L. Oonkey. Prin.

Chapped Faces

are worse than slapped
faces. They last longer.
Avoid chapped faces; use

WILLIAMS’ iHov*Mp

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.’’

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn,

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

Large No. 8 A Catalogue Free.
OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT,

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. & ELEC, CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S. A,

Instead of 4%

$£5 upward, with¬
drawable on liO
days* notice,
in vestments bear earn¬
ings from clay received
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New York
Banking Department

MONEY now drawing 4 p. c*
iT1can be safely reinvested
through this Company at 5 p. c.
— increasing tne income 25 per
cent. Conservative investors
will appreciate a plan affording
all the security ami protit with¬
out the annoyance of indiviui.ul
mortgage loans
Description of methods, names
of many patrons, ami all desired
information on request.

Assets, . $1,700,000
Surplus and Profits,
$160,000

Industrial Savings aud Loan Co.
5 Times Itl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

Stylish wash-dresses

EDDYSTONfc
PRINTS

are made from Simpson-Eddystone Prints
by women who want an attractive dress
at small cost. This has always been pos¬
sible with Simpson-Eddystone prints the
standard calicoes of the United States for
over sixty years. The patterns are artistic
and beautiful; colors do not “run” and
the material is serviceable.

Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints ,

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

STOP THAT COUGH

*“ JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known <§h used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

624

August 19,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKERi

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, August 19, 1905.

3,

FARM TOPICS.

When Shall We Haul Manure? . 61

Experience With a “Crackerjack". . . .

The Hay Machinery Question .

Hay leader and Side Delivery Rake. .

Heavy Feeding for Alfalfa .

Fertilizer for Alfalfa .

Caterpillars on Celery .

Notes on Lime .

Hope Farm Notes .

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Bloody Eggs .

The Jersey .

Bulky Ration for Farm Horses .

Milk Notes .

The Morgan Horse .

Horse With Sore Throat .

Mange on Calves .

Keeping Flies off Cows .

Garbage Feeding to Hogs . .

< 'ot ton-seed Meal .

Bone-Ail .

HORTICULTURE.

A Few Lawn Questions .

A Disease of Rose Leaves .

Poison Ivy: Blueberries; Old Grapevines

Rose Bugs and Grapes .

Potted Strawberry Plants .

Burbank’s Fruits .

Crimson Rambler in Quebec Province.

How to Fight Currant Worms .

Heavy Growth of Currants .

Transplanting Wild Blackberries....
Root Propagation of Blackberries....

Hardiness of Rambler Roses .

Radish and Lettuce .

White Lead and Oil for Trees .

Asparagus and Smilax .

Notes from the Rural Grounds .

Some of the 1905 Strawberries......

Canadian Fruit Crops . .

Apple Failures and Prices of Recent Years
WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

The Other Side .

Quick Pickles .

Oat Cakes and Oat Bread .

The Rural Patterns .

The Bookshelf .

MISCELLANEOUS.

Stoppage in a Water Pipe . \ . .

Editorials .

Events of the Week .

Business Bits .

Count y Poor Farms for Experiments.

Products, Prices and Trade .

Publisher’s Desk .

Humorous .

614

614

614

615

615

616
616
617
619

625

626
626
626
626
627
627
627
627
627
627

614
til 4

614

615
til 5
61 5
615

615

616
616
til 6
616
616
til 7

617

618
618
621
621

622

622

622

623

623
628

616

620

621

621

621

624

625
62.8

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending August 12, wholesale except otherwise
noted. The prices of grain, butter, cheese
and eggs are based on the official figures of
the Produce and Mercantile Exchanges, with
such revision as outside deals noted appear
to warrant. Prices of other products are
from reports of dealers, inquiries and obser¬
vation of sales in the various market sec¬
tions. Where possible these figures are the
average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1 , Northern, Duluth —

No. 2. red. Winter

Corn, mixed .

Oats .

Rye, dull and lower
Barley .

tra i.ii %
@ 87 %
@ 62
33
60
40

(a

@

@

FEED.

Western bran . — @17.00

Standard middlings . 18.00 (1/ 20.00

Red dog . — @23.50

Cotton-seed meal . — @29.50

Linseed meal . — @30.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Hav. No. 1 . 18.00 @18.50

No 2 . 16.00 @17.00

No. 3 . 14.00 @15.00

Clover . 12.00 @14.00

Clover, mixed . 14.00 @16.00

Straw, long rve . '3.00 @14.00

Short and oat . 9.00 @10.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price remains at $1.31
per 40 quart, can. netting 2% cents in 26"
cent freight zone where there are no extra
station charges.

BETTER.

Creamery, extras .

21

20

<P>

<£i)

20 %

Seconds .

19

@

19%

Thirds .

17

% @

18%

Stall* dairy, half-tubs, extras..

—

@

20%

Tubs, firsts .

19% @

20

Tubs, seconds .

18

<7?

19

Lower graces .

17

17%

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 19% @

Firsts . 18 @

Western factory, firsts . ?7%@

Seconds . 16% @

Lower grades . 15 @

Renovated, extras . 19 @

Firsts . 18 @

Seconds . 16%@

Lower grades . 15

Packing stock. No. 1 .

No. 2 .

No. 3 .

EGGS.

Fresh gathered, fancy, white.

Selected, white, choice . 23

Fresh gathered, extra mixed. - —

Prime to average best .

Western, country candled, best
Country candlecT. fair to good

Western, un candled, best .

Encandled, fair to good . 18

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated. 1904. fancy
Evaporated. 1904. choice...
Evaporated. 1904, prime....

Evap.. 1904. com. to good..

Sun (Tried, 190t, Can, qtrs.

Sun dried. 1904, Ohio .

Chops. 100 llis . .

Cores and skins, 100 ibs....1
Raspberries, futures. 1905. . . .
Huckleberries, futures, 1905..

Blackberries. 1904 .

Cherries, 1905 . .

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Gravenstein, bbl . 2

Duchess . 2

Nyack Pippin . 2

Orange Pippin . 2.00

Ast radian . - ~~

Open heads, bbl . 1

Half bill, baskets .

Bushel crates .

Small peacli baskets . 30

20
1 8 %
18
17
16
19%
18%
17%

15

@

16

17

%@

—

1 6 % @

17

15

@

16

25

@

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Pears, Southern LeConte, bbl.. 2

Southern Kelffer . 1

Clapp s Favorite . 4

Bell . “

Catharine . 3

Scooter . 3

Bartlett, half-bbl. basket. ...1

Common, bbl . 2

Plums, Md. and Del., carrier.. 1

Md. and Del., basket .

Up-river, basket .

Peaches, Md. and Del., carrier. 1

Md. and Del., basket . 1

Jersey, basket .

Pine Island, poor, basket. . .
Blackberries, Jersey, quart....

Up-river, quart .

Raspberries, red, pint .

Huckleberries, quart .

Muskmelons, Md. & Del., crate

Baltimore, crate .

Baltimore, basket .

Arizona, crate . 3

Jersey, half-bbl. basket . 1

Watermelons, Southern, 100.. 10
Southern, carload . 150.

VEGETABLES.
Long Island, bbl. . . .1
Del. and Md . 1.

Potatoes,

Jersey

Southern,

100 bnclis.

.4

.1

.1

.1

Southern ■ .

Sweet potatoes,
yellow, bbl. .

Beets, Long Island

Carrots, new. bbl .

I.ong Island, 100 bunches.
Cabbage, Long Island. 100. .

L. I. and Jersey, bbl .

Celery, State, dozen stalks. . . .

Jersey, dozen stalks .

Michigan, dozen stalks .

Cucumbers, tipper Jersey, box.

South Jersey, box .

Jersey, l >1>1 . 1

Shelter Island, bbl . 1

Cucumber pickles. Jer’y, 1.000..1

Rockland’ Co., 100 . 2

Corn. Hackensack. 100 . 1

Other Jersey, 100 .

Egg plants. Norf’k, 60-qt. crate

Jersey, box .

Lettuce, nearby, bbl .

Western N. Y., dozen .

Boston, dozen .

Onions, Jersey, white, half¬
barrel basket .

Long Island, bbl . 1

Orange Co.. N. Y., red. bag. . 1

Okra, Jersey, 100 .

Peppers, Jersey, box .

Jersey, bbl .

Peas, Western N. Y.. basket. ..1

Western N. Y.. bag .

Radishes, nearby. 100 bunches.
String beans, Jersey, wax, bkt.
Jersey .green, basket.

State bushel basket..

Squash, Hubbard, bbl..

Marrow .

White .

Yellow, crook-neck ...

Turnips, ruta baga .

Tomatoes, up. Jer’y, Acme, box
Up. Jersey*. other kinds, box

So. Jersey, Acme, box .

So. Jersey, other kinds, box.

DRESSED POULTRY.
Turkeys. Western, average best
Western, mixed, fair to good

Western, poor .

Spring chickens. Phila., 3% to

4 lbs. to pair .

Pennsylvania, large .

Pennsylvania, small
Western, dry picked

lbs. to pair .

Western, dry picked, small to

medium .

Western, scalded, 3% @4 lbs.

to pair .

Western, scalded, under 3

lbs. to pair .

Southern, scalded .

Fowls, No. Ind., Ill and Iowa,

dry picked .

So. Ind. and Ill., dry picked’
Other Southwes’n and South¬
ern, dry picked
Western, scalded.

Sou’n and Southw’n. scalded
Western and Southwestern,

poor to fair .

Spring chicks. L. I. and East..
Penna. and Virginia, lb....

Western, lh .

Squabs, p’me, large, white, doz.2.50

Mixed . 2 00

Dark . 1.50

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers . 4.00

Bulls . 2.50

Cows . 1 .65

Calves, veal . 4.00

Culls . 3.00

Sheep . 3.00

Lambs . 5.50

Hogs . 6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.
Prices given are for car lots,
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — ■

Muriate of potash . —

Acid phosphate . . —

Kainit . —

Dried blood . —

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb.. —
Sub'hur flour in bbl. lots, lb.. —

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better than the other stuff be had been eat¬
ing.

Potatoes have gone down 25 cents a bar¬
rel since last report, and the price outlook
is not so favorable as a week ago. The
heavy rain appears to have put the medium
late crop on its feet even more than was
expected, so that favorable weather from
now on may make a fair crop in fields that had
been about given up. I have heard a number
of comments by consumers to the effect that
the quality of * t lie potatoes is a little above
the average. The season has more or less
influence on the quality of the tubers. A
naturally mean potato will not. be improved
by favorable weather, but a choice one very
readily deteriorates. 1 have seen seed known
to be choice Hebron that produced potatoes
nearly as soggy and inferior as the old-time
Peerless, which as a rule was raised only
to sell, as the growers themselves had other
varieties for their own use. The instance
referred to was in a very wet season.

Preparing Ginseng for Market. — “I have
what is called the best wild ginseng. What
is it worth in New York now, and what is
the best way to dry it. t. m. b.

Alabama.

The best northern and eastern wild root
is now wholesaling in New York at $6 or a
little better per pound, and southern about
$1 less. The roots should he washed thor¬
oughly, and dried so as to preserve their nat
ural appearance as nearly as possible. Dry¬
ing in the sun is a rather slow process unless
the weather happens to be favorable, though
considerable ginseng is cured in this way.
If stove heat is used great care is needed
not to scorch or discolor the root. The (’hi"
nese ol ject to scorched root, and as the whole
business is based on their whims, it is well to
come just as near their wishes as possible.
Probably the best and quickest plan for dry¬
ing ginseng is to subject it to such a cur¬
rent of warm air as may Ik* had at a safe
distance from a cook stove. The little tray
evaporators sold for drying fruits on top
of the stove do very well, or a homemade
affair consisting of a box Holding several
wire netting trays, set on bricks on top of
the stove will answer. The essentials are to
have the root clean and not discolored or cut
full of holes. Some root loaded with lead
to make it weigh well has been received here,
and dealers are suspicious of pieces in which
incisions have been made.

The Whole Secret by Mail. — “I have a
letter from a concern offering to teach me
by mall how to become a newspaper corre¬
spondent. They claim that there Is big
money in it and that no previous experience
is necessary. Is this a fake?" reader.

New York. .

The writer saw this concern’s advertise
ment and looked them up. to see whether they
were doing a square business. They are
not frauds, and are giving actual service for
the money sent them, that to some may be
worth the price charged. But their assump¬
tion that there is an unlimited demand for
this work, and that anyone can do It after
taking one of their correspondence courses
is nonsense, and has brought disappointment
to many who thought this to be a short and
easy route to prosperity and fame. The city
dailies can use local correspondents who are
keen observers and can write brief, pointed
news items that escape the Associated Press,
and an occasional article might be sold if
specially good. But a great amount of such
matter lias to be turned down for no other
reason than lack of space and the amount'
paid for may seem meager compared to what
is sent in. There certainly is no “big money”
in it, and the probabilities are that a pint
of ink and a whole handful of pens will be
used up before enough money is earned to pay
the tuition fee charged for this instruction.
Anyone thinking of taking up news gathering
for a business should read the article on
the Associated Press, recently printed in The
Century Magazine. n.

LET US START YOU IN A

TEA AND COFFEE

BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN.

Yon can become independent and be a successful mer¬
chant. W e are successful with others, why not with
you? If you are trying to get into business for yourself
this is your opportunity. Write for our special offer.
BURNS & REEI), importers, 207 Hudson St.,N.Y.

District Business Managers Wanted.

To take full charge of our business in their sections.
The business will consist of hiring and overseeing the
work of sub. agents, advertising and securing club
orders for the biggest line of family NECESSITIES,
offered by any similar house. Write promptly. Ask
for our big premium catalog. C. H. STUART & CO.,
Dept. B., Newark. New York.

WANTED

to purchase, small Fann, suit¬
able for Nursery purposes,
located near railroad. Western
New York or Ohio preferred. Address with full par¬
ticulars, E. W. Fengar, 374 Clinton Av., Newark, N. J.

W A NTt ft— By a young married man, a position as
HR I LU Superintendent on a Poultry or Dairy
Farm. Have had several years experience,
references furnished, Add]

New-Yorkkk, New York.

G. R..

Best of
care Rural

COR SALE.— 32 acre Fruit and Poultry Farm, in
* Delaware; fine location; half mile from station;
price, $3,000. E. J. FEYEKABEND, Bridgeville, Del.

FOR SALE

—Farm of 100 acres; 25 in
timber; 3*2 miles from City
of Ithaca. Good land, build¬
ings and water. For particulars, address

STELLA BINGHAM, Route 5, Ithaca, N. Y.

70 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman. Dolmar, Del.

HAVE FOUR OF THOSE CHEAP EASTERN

: FA

they are no use to me.

I NEW YORK FARMS FOR. SALE. Write me
•what you want; they are no use to me.

W. H. PALMER, Canaan Four Corners, N. Y.

ATTENTION ” KS

favor us with your orders. Mail ordeis a Speclulty

I. HKltZ, Geld. Mgr. , 99M "iitgnmery St., Jersey Cily,N. J

GKO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter. Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited,

34 As 36 Little 12th St., New York.

WANTED.

Peaches. Plums, Berries, Anplos, Potatoes and all
vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc. We can secure highest
market prices for choice products. Write us what
you have to offer. Market information and packing
instructions on request.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., Now York.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING.

Sent Postpaid on Receipt of Price.

Campbell's Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . ’ . 3.50

A Woman's Hardy Garden. Mrs. Ely... 1.75
Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals . 50

Farmer’s Business Hand Book, Roberts. 1.0h

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser, Law . 3.0H

Fertility of the Land, Roberts . 1.25

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing, Waugh 1.00
Feeding of Animals, Jordan . 1.25

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. New York.

I i

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YRAOfi

SIsYereo

STANDARD FOR 14 YEARS.

Ruberoid was the first weather-proof and elastic ready-to-lay roofing placed upon the
market, and there is more of it in use to day than of any other roofing. Contains no tar or
paper. Will not melt, rot or tear. Highly fire resisting.

Ruberoid Roofing outlasts tin, iron ami shingles. Easily applied.

Do not he imposed upon by inferior imitations, Look for the registered trade-mark,
“RUBEROID,’’ stamped on the under side, every four feet. No other is genuine. Send
for samples and Booklet “ K.”

MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

IOO William Street, New York.

PRODUCTS PRICES, AND TRADE.

Atples are selling at all sorts of prices.
Some Nyack and Duchess have brought $3 or
more per barrel. The better grades of all
early varieties are still scarce. Culls and
windfalls go anywhere from 25 to 60 cents
per bushel.

Peaches.- — The season is now between bay
and grass. The southern crop was disap¬
pointing all around, and practically the last
run is here. The nearby ones that are ar¬
riving are mostly poor or immature, and the
market is just about bare. Consumers are
hoping for large shipments from Connecticut
and nearby later.

Muskmelons are lower, and, as a rule,
very poor, lacking flavor and sweetness. The
past (ool, cloudy week and water soaked soil
put an end1 to many promising patches. Real¬
ly edible melons are so scarce that even mod-
crate-priced restaurants charge 35 cents for
a portion, consisting of half a melon. There
is not much money in them at this price, as
many have to lie thrown away. In reslau-
lants that make any effort to serve good food,
each melon is tested and all rejected that do
not come up to standard. The restaurant
patrons have forced this action by sending
back to the kitchen melon portions not satis¬
factory. I have seen men who, without a
rpurmur would eat tough meat, strong butter,
stringy green beans and' omelet made of
second-class storage eggs, refuse a piece of
muskmelon that, comparatively speaking, was

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, September 11-16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Great Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT.

Will be one of the most interesting features of
the Fair. Entries close in this Department,
August 14.

POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.

The best birds in the country on exhibition.
All the latest improvements used in the handling
and care of birds. Entries close August 14.

THE IMPLEMENT DISPLAY.

Promises to be greater than ever in the num¬
ber and variety of Farm Implements shown.

THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT.

Will prove of great interest to the ladies
Entries close September 4.

s. c

FARM PRODUCE.

The display in this Department is one of the
best features of the Fair. Entries close Sept. 4.

DAIRY EXHIBIT.

will he up to the usual high standard and prom¬
ises to he larger than ever. Entries close Sept. 4.

FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The display in the Fruit wild Flower Depart¬
ments will equal any exhibit over given at the
Fair. Entries close September 4.

SEND FOR PRIZE FIST.
SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

625

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The curse of the nursery and seed trade
has been the irresponsible men who have
been in the business temporarily to make
what they can, and when their bad repu¬
tation drives them out of it to pass on to
some other line, where there are new vic¬
tims. True, such men arc found in every
line of business, and discredit every enter¬
prise they touch, but their influence has
been especially hurtful to the seed and
nursery trade. There are many seeds¬
men and nurserymen in this country to
whom the farming interests owe a debt of
gratitude that can never be paid in dol¬
lars and cents. Thev invest time, money
and talent in the origination of new varie¬
ties, and the development of old ones ;
and in many instances the love of the
work and the pride in doing something to
improve horticultural interests outweigh
any consideration of a money profit. These
houses use every foresight that human
vision can encompass to produce good
stock and fill orders promptly and true to
name. To da this successfully is expen¬
sive, and a fair price for the goods and
the service is absolutely essential. But
as a protection to themselves they must
limit their responsibility, and the reputable
houses do not hold themselves responsible
for the shipments after they have passed
into the hands of the transportation com¬
panies. Neither do they stand responsi¬
ble for the crop that may result, nor for
any real or alleged error in shipment. At
the same time, if a customer satisfy one
of these houses that he has actually suf¬
fered a loss because of delay in transpor¬
tation or error in filling an order, few of
them would refuse to shoulder the loss
themselves, and make good to the custo¬
mer. A responsible house finds it good
business to do so.

But the shysters are a different class al¬
together. Thfcy have no care for the in¬
dustry nor for the people engaged in it.
Their object is to attract trade by low
prices. They praise their stock to the
skies, and guarantee anything you want.
They get their cash in advance, and the
dissatisfied and disgusted customer can
rarely get a word of reply to complaints.
These are not necessarily the small
houses. There are many men in these
lines doing a small and conservative busi¬
ness who are ornaments to the industry,
and we have known pretentious houses
which were not overloaded with scruples
about other peoples’ pocketbooks. One
trouble heretofore has been the difficulty
farmers have had to know what houses
to avoid. The amount involved is usu¬
ally small. It does not pay to go to law
about it, and after a few strong letters
the matter is dropped. But for the future
we purpose that these people shall be
known. We cannot make a list of them
all, but we purpose to hit a shyster head
wherever we find one. no matter who he
is or where we find him. When a farmer
has an honest grievance we purpose that
he be heard. At the same time we want
to counsel patience and forbearance.
There is always some risk to take in
trade. Honest differences will arise with
honest and responsible people, and errors
will occur. We will take up no petty
quarrels, and transfer no man’s spite; but
where dishonesty or trickery is apparent
The R. N.-Y. is your champion. You
will find honest people in these trades
who do not advertise in The R. N.-Y.
but all the houses that we do admit to our
columns we know to he responsible and
trustworthy and we will guarantee a
“square deal” on their part. Later we
propose to give a list of those who do
not deserve full confidence.

Showing the extent to which a respon¬
sible seedsman will go, read the following
from W. R. Knox, Intercourse, Pa.:

Sending a shipment back Is not satisfactory
to the ordinary purchaser. Usually the pur¬
chaser lives some distance from the station,
and often is unfamiliar with shipping. The
best thing for the dealer to do, in my judg¬
ment, reinforced with several years of ex¬
perience in selling wheat, is to let the cus¬
tomer dispose of the order shipped, the dealer
taking the loss.

The following is the guarantee in our cat¬
alogue :

“If the wheat does not come up to what
I have led you to expect of it, I will refund
the difference between the market price and
the price you have paid, as well as the
freight charges. When the wheat arrives, ex¬
amine it thoroughly, but do not sow if you
do not find it satisfactory. Notify me at
once, stating at what price you sold the
wh*at as well as the amount of freight you
paid. Failure to notify me within five days
after receipt of shipment shall be considered
conclusive proof that you are satisfied. I
do not hold myself responsible for failure
of cron or damage to land that may have re¬
sulted from mistake in tilling your order.”

One of our nurserymen writes as fol¬
lows :

We do not ask our customers to look to the
express companies to collect claims. We look
after that part ourselves. That is, we set¬
tle with our customers and then look to
transportation companies for our pay.

The above are perhaps extreme meas¬
ures in favor of purchasers. Large
houses may not be able to go to this
limit, because there are always people
who will abuse a privilege, but their dis¬
position shows the extent that good
houses are willing to go in order to serve
a customer. The wise grower will pat¬
ronize such houses and give them every
encouragement.

In this connection the following letters
are significant :

I see that I am not the only one who has
had trouble with S. J. Smith of Shortsville,
N. Y. I sent a year ago last Spring for
seed potatoes and seed corn. After receiving
a sample of the corn, yellow and white, I
tested them. Every kernel of the white
grew, and seven out of the 11 of the yellow
grew. I had ordered the yellow, but wrote
them immediately to send the white instead,
as I was most anxious to get seed that would
grow, but I failed to get any answer. I wrote
again and enclosed postal, but no answer.

I then sent registered letter, got return card,
hut no answer. I then wrote you. and soon
after received word that they would soon fill
ray order, which they did by sending the po¬
tatoes and some smut-colored corn, unlike
either of the samples, which failed to grow.
It was then so late that the early potatoes
were of no use to me, and we lost the use
of about eight, acres of corn ground, except
that we sowed it to millet. We figured a loss
of about 1,000 bushels of ear corn. I did
think I would sue him, but am almost 70 years
old, and never had a lawsuit of any kind.

Auburn, N. Y. h. c. s.

Seeing that you like to have people get a
square deal, I thought I would report my ex¬
perience with Knight & Bostwick, nursery¬
men of Rochester, N. Y. I gave them through
their agent $20 for 100 peach trees last
Spring a year ago, and his agreement was to
replace any and all trees that did not start
and live till August 1, 1004. I reported 11
trees that did not start at all. and several
that would not live till Fall, and not hear
Ing from either him or the company I wrote
to the company this Spring and told them
how many trees were dead on August 1. 1004.
also how many were dead this Spring. Thirty-
eight out of 100 did not start, and I have not
heard from either agent or company.

Franklin, Pa. n. a. m.

C. W. Kinp:, Bristol Co., Mass., sent
an order to Sheerin’s Nurseries, Dans-
villc, N. Y., last year. The order was to
be shipped in March, but there were de¬
lays, and the goods did not show up until
nearly the first of June. Then some of
the order was missing, some damaged
through faulty packing and some dead.
Besides, in a bundle of Gravensteins, one
tree had on a tag marked Pewaukee. Mr.
King made a very reasonable request to
be made good on the dead and missing
plants amounting to $3.47, which Mr.
Sheerin has neglected or refused to re¬
turn. As he has been an advertiser with
us, our guarantee is good to Mr. King,
and we have sent him a check for his
claim. By resort to a lawsuit, of course,
the claim could be collected of the seller,
but the amount is not large enough to
bother with. We shall, of course, accept
no further advertising from Mr. Sheerin.
He had an opportunity to adjust the
claim, but instead entered a counter com¬
plaint against 11s for appearing, as he put
it, as a champion of the purchaser, a com¬
pliment which we fully appreciate.

BLOODY EGGS.

Can any of the poultrymen tell what, is the
cause of the yolk of an egg being bloody
(about three or four in a hundred) ? Is it in
the feed? They have mash in the morning,
two parts bran, one part shorts, wetted with
skim-milk; some mash at noon, with some
whole wheat and corn and oats at night, with
free range. No rooster runs with the flock.
The mash is wet with skim-milk. The breed
is one-half White Wyandotte. g. s. i\

Gambler, O.

R. N.-Y. — The chapter in “The Business
Hen” on “What Is An Egg?” will show
how such things occur. A blood vessel
bursts as the egg is being formed, and
the clot of blood is left inside. It is worst
when the hens are laying heavily, and
most frequent in the hens which lay the
largest eggs. Th trouble usually cures
itself.

An Increase in Profits

Here is the way it figured out for this man :

$52.52 received the month he used the U. S.
25-00 received the month he didn't.

27.52 gained in one month. At this rate
330.24 is the total for the first year, and
100-00 deducted for his machine, leaves him
$230.24 net gain, with his machine paid for.
Read the signed statement below :

Dklhie, Minn., June 6, 1905.

“ I purchased a No. 6 U. S. Separator Feb. 1, 1905, and sold
cream the first month to the amount of $52.52, the product of
8 cows. The month previous to petting the Separator the 8
cows produced me about $25. This herd of cows is about the
average herd, three of them being heifers. 1 can heartily
recommend the U. S. to all who want a first-class Separator.

“H. A. DRYER.”

Pretty profitable inveAment, wasn't it? Isn’t it worth
investigating? That costs you nothing. Send for
illustrated Catalog No. 550-B, which will tell you all
about it and sho7u you how and why the Improved

U. S. Cre am Separators

.41 A lv K THE LAKOEST PROFITS
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Fall*, Vf.

413 18 Distributing Warehouses throughout the United States and Canada

VERY HEN S A MINT

E

She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfulfa Hay is the green food tbe hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. Write for free catalog.
Harvey Seed Oo„ 88 Ellloott St.. Buffalo. N.Y.

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chic ks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely self regulating. Price $6.50
and up. Send for 212 psgo (8zll Inches) catalogue
and poultry guide. Free, If you send us names of
two friends interested In good poultry. Write to
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO
Buffalo. Boston, CMoago, New York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

STRICTLY

■-AUTOMATIC

THROUGHOUT

nr>||| Tljyooooooooo

rUUL I If i&irtEi

^POULTRY LINE — Fencing, Feed, Incu j
(bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the.
jasking— it's worth having.

) Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co..i

■jDept. H.U. 26 * 28 Vesey Street. New York City t

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOQi

Anil 1 n A are raised in one month :
\ 1 1 1 1 A K\ brit|K '’>? prices. .Money
vUUmUv makers for poultrymen,
» farmers, women.

Send for our Free Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence iuviteddWl

Plymouth Rock Sqnab Co.,

-*335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

I- PLEASURE WITH BEES -i

A free booklet is y ours— also a free copy of Olean-
ings in Bee Culture. (6 months' trial 2r>c. ) They
tell how easily and safely bees are handled; how
pleasurable, fascinating and profitable bee-keep¬
ing is. Write now. Don’t wait. Late copy free.

A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO

Choice Stock for Sa le. — H ocks, VV y andottes, Leghorn s
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also, Lice
Killing Nest Kggs. sample mailed, 5c.; dozen, 50c.
Agents wanted. 1’lne Tree Farm, jamesburg, N. J-

Var's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Kates free. J. A. BKRGKY.Box 8, Telford, Pa,

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$1 each. I). F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

USEFUL BOOKS

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 111(14'
Trios, $5; Eggs, $1 per 15; $5 per 100. Catalogue free.
ZIMMER BROS. R. I). 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

I’rize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50; $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HlLLS, Delaware, Ohio.

Sent postpaid by Rural New-Yorker at

prices named ;

Bush Fruits, Card . l.r>0

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Fertilizers, Voorhees . i.oo

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

A B C of Bee Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book, Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, Lodeman . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00
The Rural N&w-Yorker, New Yolk.

.1%,

:.vA T'* ..

New

Homes m a. West

Cheap lands, diversified crops, abundant har¬
vests, good markets, everybody busy, a demand
for good men — farmers, stockmen, merchants and
the professions — that is the condition in the terri¬
tory reached by the nine thousand miles of the
Chicago & North-Western Railway in nine of the
great States of the Northwest.

Homeseekers’ Rates

Why not go West and see for yourself? The North-Western Line
offers special low-rate round-trip tickets to points in Illinois, Iowa,
Nebraska, Wyoming, the Dakotas, Wisconsin, Northern Michi¬
gan, Minnesota and other points West the first and third
Tuesdays of each month. All agents sell these low-rate
tickets reading via this line.

Write to us for facts as to soil, resources, climate, schools gtnd
churches, and as to where to find business openings suited
to your needs. Free booklets, maps and full infor¬
mation on request.

W. B. KNISKERN,
Passenger Traffic Manager,
CHICAGO.

NWfiOj

626

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 19.

Live Stockand Dairy

THE JERSEY.

“Oh, John, don't sell the Jersey.

I know she's growing old
But still her milk so. yellow
Helps 11s our trade to hold."

“Now bother take it, Mary 1
To me it plain appears.

You’re partial to that Jersey.

And have been all these years.”

“Last week I heard Miss Larkin
Complain to Jimmy Hawk
About the milk he brought her
She said 'twas white as chalk.”

“Well, well, I like to please you,

But one cow must he sold.

The others all are young cows.

While this one is dead old."

* * *

He sold the good old Jersey.

Their trade has gone to sticks;

Their customers have left them.
They’re in an awful fix.

— Jersey Bulletin.

BULKY RATION FOR FARM HORSES

Our balanced ration for farm horses is
an unusual one in this locality, and could
not be generally recommended to farmers.
We feel certain, however, that fanners
situated as we arc could adopt the method
with profit. We grow no grain, and in
our brief experience with purchased foods,
such as gluten and "oil meals, oats, etc.,
we found that they varied somewhat in
quality, and also the cost was quite a large
factor in the farm account. So we have
adopted a ration that for our purpose is
more simple and cheaper than one which
includes grain. We aim to grow pure
clover, cut when in full bloom or earlier,
and cure mostly by fermentation. The
average clover hay on the market would
not do at all. It must be the straight
goods ; no admixture of weeds or grass.
When we get the genuine article the ra¬
tion problem is solved for the time being;
the little grain we feed occasionally is
simply for variety. Our experience is with
a type ot horse of rather large body, and
weighing not less than 1.200 pounds, doing
very little road work. We can grow from
two to four times as much nutrition with
clover as with same area in grain, while
the former enriches and the latter impov¬
erishes the soil. As our soil is adapted
to clover, we can produce it more cheaply
per acre than we can grain ; which, taken
with its fertilizing qualities — roots and
stubble and bacteria — would make it at
least a six to one favorite over any grain
that a farmer can grow. But we do not
always get our clover “straight"; Red-top
and Timothy have “butted in ’ the past
year, changing the nutritive ratio of the
hay somewhat, so that we are now using
when at work a little grain— temporarily
we hope — cracked corn and coarse wheat
bran ; equal bulk, about nine pounds daily,
with the addition of four or five pounds of
ruta bagas to the evening meal. We pre¬
fer the turnips to carrots; they seem es¬
pecially valuable in late Winter and
Spring. We feel that we are not carrying
a “balanced” conscience unless we are
feeding some sort of succulent food the
year round.

The human members of our farm family
are almost faddists on succulence. 1 hey
are all loyal members of the A. C. L. We
intend to substitute apples for turnips in
the Winter ration of the horse and cow,
as soon as we can afford to “lay in”
enough to go around. As soon as we cut
a swath in the young rye or clover we
begin to feed lightly, and drop the bran
and turnips. We arrange to have a green
crop follow in rotation and form a part
of the meal all Summer and Fall. We
usually drop the grain altogether in hot
weather. We cut no hay fodder, as we do
not like the extra work unless we can
see some corresponding benefit. We have
no special Spring ration. We give a lit¬
tle extra grooming, and after each day’s

work turn out in the lot for a roll and a
shake; to help loosen the moult. We never
use condition powders, or patent stock
foods. We have an acre in Alfalfa. In
our feeding experiments last year it was
equal if not superior to Red clover, either
for hay or soiling. Our soil seems
adapted to it, and as it will outyield the
other clovers we shall increase our acre¬
age. J. E. K.

Cliffwood, N. J.

MILK NOTES.

Regarding the local milk business of this
town, it is supplied by dairymen on nearby
farms. We have one millionaire milkman
and another who is rated at half that much.
There is no trust, and the milk furnished is,

I thinl above the average as to quality. Each
dealer runs a cart of his own ; retail price
five cents per quart; wholesale to three
cents. I am unable to say what average per
cent of butter fat the milk carries. The
bottled milk business is I think on the in¬
crease. There is no official inspection of the
milk, hut there is a State appropriation for
tuberculin test. i>. c. h.

Bennington, Vt.

Our cows are doing fully as well this year
as for some time; pastures are exceedingly
good and have been from the beginning. Mill
feeds I think range about with other years.
The prices for milk are much better than
they have been in some years, Bordens’ price
for this month is 95 cents. Quite a few
places around here are paying within 10 cenls
of Bordens, while the Exchange price is 91
cents. While some farmers are claiming a
bumper crop of hay others think they will cut
about the average crop. Take it all in all. I
think we will have an average crop of hay
and grain. w. 1. f.

Sherburne, X. Y.

Milk Inspection at Syracuse, N. /.

There are at present about three farms
which, in the near future, will sell certified
milk. The reports will show you what we
have accomplished in regard to examination
of our dairy cattle for tuberculosis. Since
then a regular veterinary has been appointed,
who visits all our dairy farms every year,
and inspects the cattle and reports in regard
to the dairy stock, stables, milk houses, keep |
ing of the milk, aeration, feed, etc. If, in his
opinion, any cow is affected he applies the
tuberculin test. The health officers in the
towns supplying Syracuse with milk, and the
physicians of the city have been requested to I
notify our Department of Public Safety im¬
mediately of any case of contagious disease
in a family producing milk or handling t
milk supply for the city. When a case is re¬
ported I immediately quarantine said farm
and family— no milk being sent to the city
until the ease or cases of sickness on the
farm or in the family handling the milk are
reported by the attending physician to be out
of danger. I have never experienced any
difficulty in stopping the sale of such milk,
our health officer and commissioner having
the necessary power to do so. I have never
kept an account of the number of quarts of
milk condemned. When I find milk on a
peddler's wagon below the standard or unfit
for human consumption I condemn the milk
and prevent its sale. The next morning I
visit the place where the milk producer de¬
livers the milk to the peddler, if the former
has no route, and examine the milk. In the
afternoon or within a day or two I go to the
farm and have the cows milked in my pres¬
ence. In each of these cases I take two sam¬
ples of the suspected milk, put them into
perfectly clean and dry bottles, which are
then corked and sealed with my official seal ;
a label is attached stating that the milk
contained in the bottle is suspected of being
below the standard and impure. The chem¬
ists who analyze the samples are requested
to see if the official seal is intact, and not to
detach the label from the bottle. The otbet
set of samples I analyze, and if the percentage
composition of the suspected milk is the
same as that of the milk furnished by the
cows milked in my presence no prosecution
follows. If otherwise, the guilty party is
fined and the fine paid to the city treasurer.
The farmers, as far as I know, have never
received any remuneration from the State
for cattle killed. f. e. kngkt.uarpt.ph. r>.

Milk Inspector and Chemist.

A Smart Old Hex. — I have a hen that is
14 years old. Brown Leghorn, and lays as well
as she ever did. Her eggs hatch, every one.
Ulster Co., N. Y. mrs. w. v. d.

Brick Ice Hodse. — I have made a com
plete failure in building a brick ice-house on
my farm. I had it lined with boards, and
placed in the house as much as 75 tons of
ice. Result, about August no ice. r. h,
Washington, D. C.

Tiie Morgan Horse. — There is no breed of
horses that possesses such qualities of endur¬
ance, and speed (track speed not meant) and
general-purpose usefulness as the Morgans.
If I could have my choice of a good span of
horses, I would choose Morgans in preference
to any other breed that exists. They are
fast walkers, good roadsters, and have most
remarkable endurance. They are quick, active
and highly intelligent. I don’t know what their
weak points are. The original Morgan stal¬
lion possessed such remarkable potency that
his blood shows out plainly away beyond the
third and fourth generations. A man who
knows anything about Morgan horses can tell
one as far as he can see it, even though it
may have only a small portion of the Morgan
blood in it. When I was down in Vermont
last January I stopped for awhile in the
town where the original Morgan stallion was
owned and kept. While there I learned that
they are breeding back, and re-establishing
the purity of the breed, which had lapsed
somewhat into decadence. a. r. f.

When you write advertisers mention The
II. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

SPECIAL BERKSHIRE SALE.

FOR ONE MONTH, from Julv 29, 1905. we will
sell six to eight weeks old Pigs, all from registered
Boar, at $5.00 and $6.00 each. The lot also includes
many STRAIGHT BRED PIGS, eligible for registry.
Also YORKSHIRE PIGS out of registered Boar.
Write for circular giving full information.

HUDSON VALLEY FARMS, Olens Falls, N. Y.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related.

WILLOUGHBY PARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRE S—

L Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

It. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New Y’ork.

For duality of Meat, as Large Producers
and Careful Mothers, for Hardiness,

THE JERSEY RED
PIGS and HOGS

are the BREED to BUY. Free booklet explains.

ARTHUR J, COLLINS, Moorestown, N. ,J.

WHITE STRINGS EARM
GUERNSEY HERO

Headed by PETER THE GREAT Of PAXTANG
No. 6346 and BLUE BLOOD. No. 6310.

Such Cows as Imp. Deanie 7th, 502.9 lbs. of butter
in one year. Sheet Anchor’s Lassie, 476.2 lbs of
butter in one year, Azalia of Florham, 400 lbs. of
butter in one year, Lucretia 3d, 608.4 ibs. of butter
in one year, etc., etc.

The herd numbers about forty carefully selected
animals. Registered and tuberculin-tested. Breeding
stock for sale at all times, including the choicest of
heifer and hull calves of all ages. The winnings at
the New York State Fair for 1904 comprised 13 first
aud^second prizes and one championship out
of 17 entries. Prices very reasonable. For further
information and catalogue, address,

ALFRED G. LEVI IS, Geneva, N. Y.

Please mention Rurai, New-Yorker in writing.

Note. 20 choice two year old heifers for sale at
from $150 to $300, also several mature bulls.

GUERNSEY CATTLE I

Chester White Swine i stock now

on sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa.

A GREAT CHANCE.

For the Highest Offer received within two weeks
i will sell a high-class, two-year-old, registered Jersey
Bull, St. Lambert blood. lam a small amateur and
know little about the value of a really high-class bull;
therefore, this novel, but fair method of selling an
excellent animal. For full description of bull, address
Eugene Luening, Jr., L. Box 581, Wauwatosa, Wis.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: ai farmer’s price.
R. F. SB AN NON, 905 1 Iberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Registered jerseys-4 Heifers. 2 to 14 mos.: 7

Bulls, 4 to 8 mos. old, St. Lambert Strain. "Sire
a Pure St. Lambert." J. Aldus Herr. Lancaster, Pa.

GEDNEY FARM

, L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

Improved Chester White Brood Sows, Sliotes ana
Pigs. Scotch Collie Dogs and Puppies. Leading
varieties of Poultry. D. J. KENEPP, McVoytown. Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
_ Holstcins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

InCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester co., Pa.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA'S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005- farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, atN. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— a so
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Rlr

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning; Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice bred and in fine condition: 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.-Puirs nr
*\ trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.

Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnati^, N. Y.

D C A I C MALE AND FE-
ryl\ OAUC MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

iEDIGREED COLLIE PUPS; the intelligent
kind. Nelson's Collie Kennels, Grove City, Pa.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILASDECKER.Montro.se, Pa.

Western Horses 1 Mules

R Our sales will begin about July 1 of

Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
unbranded, if you want

Money Makers

Mmll send us your address. We will keep
MHBOBNIflfcyou posted as to our sales.

J. F, COOK Si COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
batter families. Stock for Sale.

GOLDEN STREAMER 65000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th
born Feb. 22.1901, and considered the best Jersey bu 1
that ever crossed the Atlantic as a two-year old
A few choice Bull Calves for sale bv GOLDEN
STREAMER ar,d GULDEN FERN’S LAD out of Im
ported cows.

Specialty Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINOKCAS and
WHITE VVYANDOTTES.

IW Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM. White Plains, N. Y.

briijIj

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. K. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. II UILL, Poughquag, N, Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH GLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAHS.

F. F. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Popular Stock. Popular Prices.

STAR FARM leads all its competitors in supplying
the masses with registered Holsteins.

Circulars sent FREE on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Go.. N. Y.

THE bloominqdale herd of

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best individuality.

If these are the klud you want write or come to see
them, lza to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. M ARCOU.

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New Vork.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prloes. The Stevens Brothers-Hastlngs Company,

BROOK8IDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co., N, Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

627

AILING ANIMALS.

Horse with Sore Throat.

1. What will heal up a running sore in
throat of horse? It broke last January, cause
distemper. 2. Is rye good to feed horses?
What proportions should be used? N. e. a.
Michigan.

l. Take your horse to a competent vet¬
erinarian, and have him use a probe and
advise you. 2. It will pay you to sell the
rye and buy oats, as one bushel of rye will
buy two of oats ; and oats are ideal feed
for the horse. The fact is I would not
feed rye if you would give it to me, as it
is an unsafe food for a horse.

Mange on Calves.

We have some calves that have something
like mange, and would like to have some ad¬
vice as what to do. It was first noticed on a
calf that had been stabled part of last Win¬
ter in close stall ; the calf broke out on the
neck in spots which in a short time became
covered with a dry hard scab, and soon spread
over the neck and shoulders, taking off part
of the hair and making the skin dry and hard.
When placed in a field with other calves they
broke out with the same. Is mange very con¬
tagious? Should the calves be washed in
sheep and cattle dip? Can a person do a
thorough job by pouring the dip on and rub¬
bing with a cloth? Should the calves be
washed all over? Iiow should the dip be
mixed? How often ought the calves to be
washed, and how long continue treatment?
Would they retake it if put back in the same
field? These calves have been running on
pasture ever since April. Part of them are
yearlings; the others are from six to eight
months old. c. f. h.

West Virginia.

The trouble is caused by a small insect
much like the louse only much smaller,
and as they live under the scurf of the
skin they arc harder to get at. 1 have
had the best success by washing them all
over with a good soapsuds, then applying
the scab cure with a cloth before they get
dry, and giving them a good soaking. This
should be done once a week for two weeks,
and then once in two weeks for at least
two months.

Keeping Flies Off Cows.

What is the best preparation to keep flies
off cows, and how used? IIow often must it
be used? C. F. n.

On page 579 this question has been quite
well gone over, and some good hints are
given, but I see nothing about homemade
mixtures. It is a good time to request our
friends to tell us how they make their
homemade mixtures, and how to apply
them. M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

GARBAGE FEEDING TO HOGS.

Will Dr. E. M. Santee answer the follow¬
ing questions? I have a productive piece of
land (80 acres) within half a mile of a town
with a population of 20,000. I have been
feeding from 50 to 75 hogs some years, but
would like to increase the number and run
an up-to-date establishment. Do you think
it pays better to buy the pigs or breed them?
Do you conduct your operations both Sum
mer and Winter? Do you get garbage from
private families or hotels? The expense of
gathering it reduces the profit. Is yours a
farm building cheaply constructed? What
engine have you. and do you consider it much
better to warm all your slop? c. B. b.
Maryland.

I think it pays better to breed your own
pigs if you feed garbage. On my Brook-
side Farm we keep about 25 brood sows,
all bred there. All promising sow pigs are
separated from the fattening pigs and
bred at least twice. If they do not make
good breeders then they go into the fatten¬
ing pens. In that way the time of grow¬
ing those that do not make good mothers
is not entirely lost. The good ones we
keep so long as they are good. One of our
best ones now is seven years old. We
continue operations the year around. We
get garbage from private families and
also hotels and boarding houses. The
people whose garbage we carry away pay
a little more than the expense of removing
it. My buildings are cheaply constructed,
warm wooden buildings on cement floors.
The brood sow buildings are double
boarded, with building paper between and
straw overhead. I have three buildings,
all built together, in the shape of an L,
with the feed-room and slaughter room
at the angle; the fattening pen building is
25x81, with an alley-way down the center.

This is five feet wide so, that we drive
through to clean out. The pens are 8x10;
the fronts swing upon a pivot at the top,
so that they can be raised to let stock
in and out, and also fasten back to keep
pigs out of the trough while feeding. The
troughs are of cement, four inches deep
and one foot wide inside. The first cost
is less than lumber, and they are inde¬
structible. The nests are four inches
higher than the floor at the back, and
have wooden floors. The cement floors
nave a quarter of an inch slant to the
foot to the back, so as to be always dry.
I do not have a steam cooker, but cook all
of the feed in what is known as the
Farmer’s Favorite. We have a specially
large size. We have a 12 horse-power
engine and 15 horse-power boiler for
wood sawing and feed grinding, also sil¬
age cutting; intending also to cook the
feed with the steam, but find the cooker
much more economical. In the Winter
all feed is given hot as they can eat it.
In Summer it is allowed to cool for the
morning meal, but the night meal is given
warm. After years of experimenting I
find for my purpose a cross between a
Duroc-Jersey Red and an O. I. C. to be
the most profitable. I have tried the pure¬
bred of all those breeds, and also the
Berkshire and Yorkshire. I want a pig
that can be made to dress 150 pounds in
the shortest possible time, and be always
fat and ready for market if there is a
sudden jump in the price of pork. I have
one contract for three per week the year
around, but most of them go in February,
March, July and August, when pork is
high. The greatest profit in the business
is in selling the pigs at six weeks of
age for $3. We never sell one for less.
We always manage to have a goodly sup¬
ply ready for the Christmas trade for little
roasters. Many prefer them to turkey.

E. M. SANTEE.

COTTON-S^ED MEAL
Feed It Carefully.

It will be entirely safe to feed one quart
of cotton-seed meal in the morning to
cows when first turned out to pasture.
However, in feeding cattle, the rations
should be determined by weight and not
by quarts. I don’t consider it safe to feed
over two pounds of cotton-seed meal per
day to a cow, whether in the barn or in
pasture. 1 his is the most concentrated
food that we have; it will analyze ordi¬
narily 47 per cent protein, nearly double
that of gluten, which analyzes 27 per cent.
There are very few farmers who dare to
feed gluten feed to cows without mixing it
with some other feed; for instance, one-
half gluten feed and one-half bran, by-
weight, makes a fairly well-balanced ra¬
tion, and a palatable one, and the cows
will give perhaps as much milk on that
ration as any other. You will readily see
that when a dairyman undertakes to feed
a cow cotton-seed meal which analyzes
47 per cent protein, it must be done with
great caution, else evil effects will result
to the cow. Cotton-seed meal is extreme¬
ly constipating, and tends to create in¬
flammation in the udder, and garget will
ensue. I wouldn’t recommend its use ;
without a feeder is experienced and very
cautious the results will be most unsatis¬
factory. If used at all, it might well be
when the cow is turned out to grass. As
a rule, the bowels will then be too loose,
and a certain amount of this feed would
undoubtedly operate to regulate the
bowels. Cotton-seed meal, properly fed,
will make a good flow of milk, but in com¬
parison with other feeds like gluten and
bran not as much as the analysis would
indicate. Horace l. bronson.

New York.

Bonk-Aii..— On page 552 W. 0. L. asks
about cause and cure of “bone-nil” in cattle
Air. Manchester replies that he never heard
of it, nor had his veterinarian. Bone disease
or “bone-ail” was a common term amoii"
farmers where I was brought up. Its symp¬
toms were as W. C. L. describes; bunches on
outside of hind legs above knee. The old
remedy was always bones. An animal afflict¬
ed with “bone-ail” will devour bone meal
eagerly, and I believe that generally will
effect a cure, perhaps aided by some outside
application. j, b. w.

Somerville, Mass.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-i. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

THE

ANIMALS’
FRIEND

SHOO-FLY

Kills every FLY it strikes. Keeps the rest ofT Cows while ...
pasture, longer than any imitation. Used by leading dairymen
Bince UWo. If your dealer does not keep the genuine, send us $1 00
will return latest improved :i-Tnhc Spraver and enoneh "Shoo-
Fly " to protect 200 cows. Name Kxp. Office. Free Booklet.

SIIOO-FLY MFC. CO., 1026 Fairmonnt, Philadelphia, Pa.

KDTTOR knows from experience “ Shoo-Fly ” is O. K.

r DEATH TO HEAVES

.NKWTOF'H Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indigestion Caro.

i A veterinary specific for wind,
^ throat aud stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
.can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

ThoNctvton Remedy Co..
Toledo, Ohio.

SILOS

Cutters, Blowers, Engines and Hay¬

ing Tools. R. C. REEVES
187 Water Street, New York.

CO.,

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
ss.le by

O. II. ROBERTSON,
Forestvllle, Conn.

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. Strong, safo, ©Agy for
h Orson. A 1 ways ready. Two boro© size $100.
JSond for catalogue-

Mfg. Co. Box 1 1 . Coblesklll, H.Y.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to fitany axle, to
carry any load. Straight orstaggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen's Profits. Evory Cutter fully war
ranted. Send to-day for Free Catalogue and Prices.

BOX No. 57.

Will you buy a bad separator because
the agent is a “good fellow?” Some
people do. They should read this.

If You Have a Brand
New Separator

not a Tubular, put it In the garret.

We guarantee Tubulars to
make enough more butter
than any other separator, and
from the same milk, to pay 25
per cent yearly interest on
their cost. You test them free
side by side. Your decision is final.

Carnegie is using investments pay¬
ing 6 per cent; here is a guaranteed
25 per cent to you. The waist low
supply can— simple bowl— enclosed,
self-oiling gears— are found only on
Tubulars. Catalog T-153explains it.

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAN. CHICAGO, ILL.

GAN YOU AFFORD IT?

You certainly cannot
afford to have horses
lamed from Spavin,

Ring Bone, Splint,

Curb, when they may
be cured by simply
using

Kendall's

Spavin

Cure.

It cures all these and
allotherforms oriameness. Thlnkaboutitand then act.

Trice *1; 6 for *5. As a liniment for family use it haa
no equal. All druggists. Book “A Treatise on the
Horse** mailed free. Address

OR. B. j. KENDALL CO.. ENOSBURC FALLS. VT.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., jq i 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

LABEL

Dana’s.1:, MtEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Aprt-ni* YVant<*<!.

II. DANA* t lMnln 8t., WeKtLcbunon, N. Ht

•\ .»

• J.'. ««**••

m

The Success Manure Spreader

is the OnO to buy . These are A Ill O n O' t,hrt roaerma wbw If la Hia MO. i» o a .. _ _ _ _ _

Spreadei^maktoi? Tth«s® are amonK the, reasons why : It is the result of 26 ySfrs of continuous Manure
nnm Iim» 11 ?overs ,e'',ry requirement and every condition for the spreading of all kinds of ma-

nmch^norer oTvalue in°our* ree^mokf “Farm VerHIIty/*1^ Wr?te* fo?ifct8 °f 8eCtiOOB' “ a“d

KEMP A BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 38. SYRACUSE. N. Y.

This
Vibr&ii
Ra.ke Insures
Ever\ Distribution.

his
in^le
Lever
Controls
Every Operation

znmni SPREADER

opemted with a single lever, and the only one having a Vibrating Rake. The
lever1avol<!* com plications in construction, is easy to work, strong, acts I
quickly and surely and is entirely efficient. No danger or liability to breakage by ’
L[1?A.vle wro°£ lever. Tim Vibrating Rake is so constructed and so placed 1
eJena UR the l0£}d on it3 way to the cylinder. This insures per-
rectiy even distribution and spreading and obviates the necessity of extra care in
evened ‘umPy'toinure cannot always be ioaded so as to produce a

.i • The Vibrating Rake will make every load, of every kind of manure,
perfectly even. In all other respects the I. h. C. Spreader is built as well as best
material and superior workmanship can make it. Solid steel axles front aud rear-
to*™ 'vheels w‘th broad faced tires, Hanged to keep out dirt, mud, etc; traction
rear wheels; power applied from botli rear wheels; front wheels cut under—
™ YJT sbort; steel track for apron While exceeuingly strong and capable of
great strain the I. H. C. Spreader is of unusually light draft.

The I. H C. Spreader spreads all kinds of manure rapidly, evenly and perfectly It
Vi6 if.manur* be strawy, chaffy, packed, caked, wet. ury or frozen, this^na-
I nine Will tear itapart and distributed upon the land evenly. It will handle fine com-
£25®“ '!’,!lnur!.r<>r top dressing in the most perfect manner, and even the presence of
torn stalks in the manute does not prevent the excellent quality of its work. It is the
greatest abor saver of the age. Made in three sizes, 35, 55 and 75 bushels. Our nearest
wu-Re1 W> supp y you with Prlnt«d matter, prices, etc. See him before buying, or

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
OF AMERICA (Incorp.)

7 Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois.

628

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 19, 1905.

HUMOROUS

There once was a man with a heard,
Who said, “It is just as I feared ! —

Two Owls and a Hen
Four Larks and a Wren
Have all built their nests in my beard.”

— Edward Lear.

Dressmaker: “And would you have leg
of mutton sleeves, madam?” Customer:
“Most certainly not. I am a vegetarian !”
— Punch.

Madam : “Be sure to put plenty of nuts
in the cake.” Cook: “I’ll crack no more
nfjts to-day. My jaw hurts me already.” —
Harper’s Ba/.ar.

“Your hair is coming out on top, sir,”
said the barber. “Good !” exclaimed Pep-
prey. “I knew it was in me. Now, for
goodness sake, don’t talk to it or it will
crawl hack again.” — Philadelphia Press.

Visitor: “You don’t know who I am. do
you, Jimmy?” Jimmy: “Naw.” Visitor:
“Aha! I know who you are, though.” Jim¬
my: “Aw, that ain't nothin’ — I know that
myself!” — Cleveland Leader.

“Rather hard to lose your daughter,
eh,” said the guest at the wedding. “No,”
replied the bride’s father; “it did look as
if it was going to be hard at one time, but
she finally landed this fellow just as we
were giving up all hope.” — Philadelphia
Ledger.

“Mrs Spuddsworth, it seems to me.”
said Mrs. Oldcastle, “is rather inclined to
loquacity.” “Still,” replied her hostess, as
she straightened the $1,900 rug, “for a
person as tall as her it ain’t so bad as
though she was shorter.” — Chicago Rec¬
ord-Herald.

Mrs. Jackson : “Wal, parson, I knows
dc Bible says de meek shall inherit dc
earth ;an’ ’deed I tries to be meek as I kin !”
Parson Polhemus : “Dat’s right, sistah !
Dat’s right!” Mrs. Jackson: “But it’ll be
jest mah luck, when it comes time fo’ me
to inherit de earth, dar’ll be municipal
ownership.” — Puck.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Baras, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. I.ow prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NGERS0LL, 24(5 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

£5 to 30 percent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Bre^entH and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York.

THE SMALLEY MODERN SILO FILLER

Tnkes less power, hns greater enpaoity and
is cheaper to operate than any other silo
filler. Accidents impossible. Spoeial
sizes. Prices lower than for other
machines of equal ca-

?acity. Our
ree
cata¬
logue
proves
all this
true.

Send for
it now.

RJIAM.F.Y

MANUFACTURING CO.,

®°*32l t Manitowoc, Wl..

Fill the Silo

with Machines
suited tothe Work

EASY,
FAST
CUTTING
& ELEVA¬
TING

BALDWIN and
GALE-BALDWSN

Gutters

rv 1

typical machines. Smooth, easy running and fast
cutting distinguish them. Elevute to fill any silo,
carry to right or left or straight away. Strong
self-feed, cut four lengths, perfection safety de¬
vices. Sizes for hand and power. Write for catalog.

THE BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 76, Chicopee Falls, Maas.

L

FARMERS’ BUREAU OF INFORMATION

In Charge of Crop Experts

FREE

Our Bureau of Information fs now fully organized, with a Crop Expert in charge of each Department, and its ser¬
vices are freely placed at the disposal of Farmers, Stockmen, Ranchmen and Seedsmen. ...

This is the first Bureau of its kind ever equipped at private expense, and all information is furnished without one
penny of charge. The Munson Campbell Co., Ltd., were the pioneers in the "clean seed” movement, and theit
efforts along this line have aroused such widespread interest and accomplished so much good that they decided tc
establish a separate department for carrying on this important work. . . ,

The busy farmer cannot take a course in an Agricultural College nor spare the time to dig up information from the mass of long-winded Bul¬
letins issued by the Department of Agriculture and the Experiment Stations. , , . .. . ,

When he wants Information, he wants it Quickly and boiled down to the Simple facts and it must be accurate . Not mere theories^

^Setid on your inquiries and you will get useful , valuable help — the kind that will make yrour farming operations 100 per cent
profitable • The Bureau was the natural outgrowth of our great manufacturing business. The success of the

CHATHAM FANNING MILL

How to Clean, Separate
and Grade Grain and
Seed.

All Questions Promptly Answered by Men Who Know

Advice on Grain Breed¬
ing, Planting and
Seeding.

How to Overcome the
Weed Nuisance.

How to Raise a Third
to a Half More Crops
on the Same Acreage.

How to Handle and
Market Your Crops.

which is now in use on hundreds of thousands of farms throughout the United States and Canada and in every grain growing country in the world,
has been remarkable. Unquestionably its use has added millions of dollars to the country’s wealth. Its work in cleaning, separating and grading
grain and seed has never been equaled. It was designed by experts who have made a life study of the many problems that it solves. 1 no 1/
screens and riddles with which it is regularly equipped are used in so many different combinations that the simple mention ot us ainercnt uses

makCThe1invcnt;iornofSthenenwOats-Fr0m— Wheat Riddle and the new Corn Grading Attachment, both of which can be supplied with the Chatham

Fanning Mill, was the crowning achievement of our experts. , , . , _

The Oats-From-Wheat Kiddle is a wonderful piece of mechanism, containing about 4,500 parts, and gives an absolutely perfect separation,

enabling growers of Succotash to realize the full measure of profit from this crop. v

The Corn Grader Attachment has been rigidly tested by the Iowa Agricultural College and its work pronounced 9* per cent pcrlect-
the highest percentage ever reached in grading corn by mechanical means.

The Chatham Fanning Mill, equipped with these two great inventions, is meeting with an enormous sale and we have been compelled to

enlarge our factory to meet the increased demand. ... , . . . , . ,, , , „ -

We have branch warehouses in twenty-four shipping point centers, which gives our customers the advantage of prompt snip

ment. We sell on time or for cash, and PAY ALL FREIGHT. , ,, , , , ,

We want to make you a present of our Interesting book “ How to Make Dollars Out of Wind,'’ and we also want you to make »use .of our
Free Information Bureau . Be a zoo per cent farmer! Learn how to banish the weed nuisance and grade up and breed up y our grain so as
to raise banner crops and get top prices. # #

THE MANSON CAMPBELL CO. LTD. “fJ&SKSIWtfK 406 W esson Ave„ Detroit, Mich.

i The Manson Campbell Co. Ltd., are thoroughly reliable.— Editor.

Largest Manure Spreader in the World ict>XVM0ERiGALNs

American Manure Spreaders are made in 5 sizes and 9 styles, ranging in capacity from 50 to 150 bushels. In
addition to our Slat Bottom Spreaders we make 5 sizes with Tight Bottoms. Whether you are a Dairyman, Horseman
or Ranchman, requiring a Manure Spreader of Great Capacity, or operate a medium sized or small farm, one of
these American Manure Spreaders was built for you. Take your pick from the largest and best line of Manure Spreaders in
the World. Every American Manure Spreader is equipped with our sprocket-and-chain drive, giving far greater power
than any Gearing Spreader can possibly have. Cylinder has great strength and its teeth are made of square steel, like
drag teeth, twice as long as those used on other spreaders. They quickly reduce any kind of manure to the right degree
of fineness. Driver regulates the flow of manure by a simple lever. Distribution is always even. The automatically
returnable bottom, safety link to prevent breakage, positive force feed, combination rake and end gate, and
numerous other strong features, together with the most substantial construction, combine to make the American the
best manure spreader in the world.

We want to place in your hands our Catalogue and Manure Handbook, which contains information worth dollars to you. We want you to
know about our liberal plan of sale. We sell on time or for cash. Tell us what stock you own and we will give you our best judgment as to tne
Spreader you ought to buy. Write for Book and Special Proposition today. AMERICAN HARROW CO., 169 Hastings St., Detroit, MICH.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE SiSHHrsi

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Round Grain 'flic meets every requirement. Wealsomake Sewer
Pipe, Ked and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. John ii. jaceso.H, 76 Third Are., ilb.ny, N.Y.

BUCKEYE

Combined Grain and

Fertilizer OiscOrill

WITH DISC-HOE SEEDING DEVICE

A BUCKEYE drill that embodies more excellent features than any other drill
we know of. The double run grain feed Is “ as accurate as the sun” and will not
skip, choke or bunch. The fertilizer distributor, made of glass, is a distinctive
feature of the Buckeye drills. It will not break, nor rust or corrode from the acids
in commercial fertilizers. Guaranteed to sow all kinds of commercial fertilizers
and fine manures, and does not grind the fertilizer into paste. The principles of the
disc and hoe drills are combined in the “Disc-Hoe” seeding device; the hoe evenly
and exactly depositingthe seed and fertilizer in the perfect furrow made by the disc.

This drill has a dozen other features of sterling merit, and is one of the leaders
of the famous Buckeye line. It will pay you to examine it at your dealer’s, or
write us for a complete catalogue of Grain Drills and Cultivators.

P. P. MAST &. CO., 9 Canal Street, Springfield, Ohio.

Going to Dale Hay?

Spencer’s Alligator Box Hay and Straw
Press is guaranteed to have a capacity of 3
tons in 10 hours greater than any other press,
using same help. Is not this Press cheaper
at Its price than another kind as a gift?
Catalog free. In writing name this paper.

J. A. SPENCER

Dwight, - Illinois.

P1 _ _ Outlasts the

rcllCB Fonts. So

write many
Why? Because its hori-
are hinh-carbon, double¬
wire; its heavy cross bars
so securely woven that the fence
cannot come to pieces, and the
whole fabric is heavily galvanized.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 764 Adrluu, Mich.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One & two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level pilTTCDC
Tread, Perfect Governor. Feed & Ensilage U U I I LIlO
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKEYSTON£AGR’LWORKS,Pottstown,Pa

Vol. LX IV. No. 2900.

NEW YORK, AUGUST 26, 1905.

WEEKLY, 11.00 PER YEAR

A WOMAN'S DAY ON THE FARM.

Around the Clock at Hillside.

An October morning ushered in the day set apart for
finishing up sundry odd jobs preparatory to getting
through the Winter comfortably. True,
the frost has not as yet, been in evidence
on the pumpkin, but “the corn is in the
shock” and already some trees are toss¬
ing bare brown branches in the breeze,
while others are aglow with scarlet and
gold. 1 he getting-up-time is 5.30 A. M.,
and while making my toilet I lift up my
eyes to the hills, where in the glory of the
dawn is spread a picture of orchard and
vineyard whose branches bend beneath
their load of purple and crimson fruit.

In the valley below nestle groups of farm
buildings, from whose chimneys the blue
smoke is curling away in the hazy atmos¬
phere. But day-dreaming will not do,
so I hasten below, where a brisk fire
awaits me to prepare breakfast. The bill
of fare is baked sweet apples with sugar
and cream, baked potatoes, and home¬
made sausage ; oatmeal gems and butter,
fruit cookies and coffee. The potatoes
had been washed and dried the evening
before ; these with the sausages, which
were laic1 in i.n oblong granite pie-tin,
occupied the upper grate of the oven, the
gems taking the lower one. While this
oven breakfast is under way, the good
man of the house brings in several gal¬
lons of sweet cider, which I propose to boil
down in the gocvfl old-fashioned way of ,
our grandmothers. Lacking the time-hon¬
ored brass kettle, I till a large porcelain-
lined one and the big granite dishpati,
and place them on tc-p of the stove. The
gasoline stove is lighted, and on this is
placed the wash boiler, nearly full of soft
water. Dick, the canary, is given his bath,
a clean paper in his cage, fresh seed and
water, and is soon singing merrily; the
two little daughters are assisted with their
dressing, and by 6.45 all are ready for
breakfast.

“Does anybody else know bow to make
such nice gems?” says one of the small
maidens. “Perhaps not,” answers mamma.

“So far as I know, the recipe belongs
strictly to the house of Blank.” She re¬
solved to give it out for the benefit of
others, and this is it: Two cups of butter¬
milk, two of rolled oats and a teaspoon ful
of salt are stirred tgether in a mixing
bowl, and allowed to stand over night.

In the morning dissolve two level te.i-
spoonfuls of saleratus in one-fourth cup
of hot water, and stir it into the batter :
add one tablespoonful of sugar and one of
melted butter or other shortening, and
enough wheat flour to make a stiff batter.

Bake in gem pans 20 minutes in a hot
oven.

After breakfast comes family worship,
a psalm, a prayer and a gospel hymn to
start the day right. After this, the girls
clear off the table while we get washing
machine, tubs, etc., ready for action, out
on the broad back porch, convenient alike to the stove
and the cistern pump. The water for washing blankets
will be used only moderately warm, as hot water would
destroy all benefit of the naphtha in the soap, and there
would be danger of greater shrinkage in the blankets
if they were wrung from hot water and hung out in

the crisp October air. Filling the machine two-thirds
full of water I dissolve about half a bar of soap in it.
and put the blankets in to soak, while I wash the break¬
fast dishes; these the girls dry, and put away. “School
time” calls out Brownie, so the tangled curls must be

THE LAST FLOWERS BEFORE FROST. Fig. 265.

THE ARTILLERY FOR WASHING DAY. Fig. 266.

brushed and dresses changed ; a good-bye kiss and away
they go, leaving a warm spot in mother’s heart as she
watches them down the road.

The washing machine claims attention next ; I turn
steadily for 10 minutes, then run the blankets through
the wringer into the tub. The suds is drawn off, ma¬

chine rinsed, and filled again with a clean suds, not
quite so strong as the first one, but of the same tem¬
perature. The blankets are run through this suds in
five minutes, then rinsed in clear warm water, given a
vigorous shaking out, and hung where they will get an
all-day exposure to the sunshine. By 10
o'clock I am ready for the next thing.
The cider will need skimming, so I settle
down to paring sweet apples for pickles
while keeping watch of it.

I he door bell jingles; two callers ap¬
pear, one soliciting a pan of baked beans
(Boston style), the other, flowers, and
help in decorating tables for a dinner to
be given to the King’s Daughters the next
day. I promise to do my best, the callers
leave, and I resume the apple-cider combi¬
nation until time to think of dinner rolls
around. A kettle roast of beef has been
simmering on the gasoline stove during
the forenoon; I cut a small Hubbard
squash into quarters and put it in to bake,
peel the potatoes for boiling, slice some
tomatoes, fresh from the vines, make a
brown gravy for the meat, and have the
dinner ready by the time the girls arc
home from school. An apple tapioca pud¬
ding (made the day before) with cream
and sugar furnishes the dessert. From one
o’clock until four the time goes to wash¬
ing dishes, making beds, sweeping, making
pickles, canning cider, picking over beans
and pressing the blankets. The air turns
cold ; fearing frost I decide to gather the
flowers and secure a last mess of Lima
beans ; these are soon gathered. There is
plenty of Alyssum, some sweet peas and
Dahlias, but not nearly enough to fill the
large silver bowl for the center of the
table. I hurry away to the good neighbor
at the foot of the hill, where I am told to
gather as many as T please. The color
scheme is pink, white, and green. Some
ferns I must have, so hastening afield
(to the carrot patch) I gather armfuls of
the feathery fronds.

The beans are parboiled and with the
pork are put on to boil while supper is
getting. Potato cakes, eggs, celery, bis¬
cuits, honey and tea refresh us after our
busy day. Another peal of the door bell.
This time a friend having failed to make
train connections, seeks lodging. I think
despairingly of the guest chamber all un¬
settled, awaiting the carpet only half sewn
together. Smiling sweetly as I can (un¬
der such circumstances) I make her wel¬
come. Leaving her to be entertained by
my better half. 1 hurriedly spread down
the breadths which arc sewn, drag a
dresser and chairs into the room, gather
the toilet accessories together, rub the
dust and smoke from the lamp chimney
and — say things!!! “Why is it that just
so sure as one is topsy-turvy, sick or
housecleaning, company is sure to come?”
etc., etc. The question is still unan¬
swered; T pass it on. An hour’s visit puts
me in better humor; I say “good-night”
with a “really” smile, and retire — to sleep
the sleep of the weary — if not the just.
Michigan. betty blank.

R. N.-Y. — A large proportion of the essays on “One
Day's Work on the Farm” discussed the home machin¬
ery as operated by the women. We are glad to see that
even the never ending round of housework may be dig¬
nified and estimated at its true w^rth.

63o

August 2G,

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

SOMETHING ABOUT LEEKS.

Will you tell all about leeks; when to plant them, when
to use them, and how and why? Do they winter in the
ground one year or two? r. M. o.

Danbury, Conn.

The leek is not as much used by Americans as it
deserves; it is mild-flavored and wholesome, and de¬
serves the title of "poor man's asparagus,” bestowed
upon it by the French. It does not form a bulb, and
has flat lily-like leaves. Leeks require a long season
for development, and can be sown early in Spring and
treated like onions. It is preferable, however, to sow
in a frame or mild hotbed in March, in drills two or
three inches apart; when large enough, thin out to one
inch apart in the row. In May or early June trans¬
plant to the open ground, trimming off half the tops
and setting quite deep, as they are to be blanched. Set
six to nine inches apart, in rows 15 inches apart; the
best soil is rich light loam. Cultivate well, and earth
up slightly when growing well. Some growers cultivate
leeks in trenches like celery, and they are stored like
that vegetable. Leeks planted out in May are ready for
use in September; they may also be sown in cold
frames in August and September, and planted out the
following April. When grown in trenches they are
stored in the trench during Winter, but they decay
easily if covered too early. They should be plump, ten¬
der, well blanched, and free from decay. Good varie¬
ties arc London Flag, Scotch Flag, Giant Carentan and
Large Rouen. They are used as ^flavoring for soups
and stews, and also boiled and served with white sauce
or vinaigrette dressing, like asparagus. The prepared
soup bunches sold in many cities usually contain leeks.

AN OLD , OLD SUBJECT.

While we are well pleased with other farm papers,
your pbsition on the Spencer Seedless apple fad. which
had such a boom in this county a short time ago.
makes The R. N.-Y. worth its weight in "big red
apples,” and as The R. N.-Y. stands square for the* best
of everything, how about dishonest nurserymen and
tree dealers who are filling the cduntry full of worth¬
less trees, to absolute disadvantage of every fruit
grower? Agents sell "whole-root budded stock,” but
when trees are delivered not a budded tree can be found
among the whole lot. To my certain knowledge two-
thirds of the trees now set in apple orchards are worth¬
less piece-roots that can never make long-lived and
profitable orchards. Evert year we have the accumulat¬
ing evidence of the presence of root gall and other de¬
vices, proving conclusively that something is wrong in
the propagation of nursery stock. h. b. n.

West Virginia.

R. N. \ . — We might talk from now until doomsday
about "tree agents” and worthless trees, but until peo¬
ple will make use of their own sense or powers of
observation ,the “novelty” business will prosper. Many
of the peojfle who buy such trash know better. Some
think they are a little smarter than the agent, others
expect to get the better of their neighbors; other's are
willing to take the risk, and others like to experiment.
After repeated warnings we have little sympathy for
those who pay great prices for "novelties” which bear
all the ear marks of a fraud. It is possible now to buy
reliable nursery stock at a fair price.

PLAIN TALES FOR PRACTICAL PEOPLE.

Propagating Evergreen Trees.

I should like to have a discussion of the subject of
propagating evergreens, especially the pines and cedar (redl.
We have large trees on our farm, furnishing plenty of seed,
and so far have failures in attempts to secure the germina¬
tion of the seed- Can you refer me to a work on the sub¬
ject? lT. v. c.

Topeka, Kansas,-.

Dry seeds oi? evergreens, such as those of the pine
tree, are usually gathered as soon as ripe. The cones
arc opened by being kept in a dry room near the fire,
and the seeds stored in perfectly dry sand until early
Spring, when they may be sown in large mellow seed
beds, carefully watered so as to avoid packing the soil,
and shaded until the seedlings come up. They are care¬
fully weeded and cultivated for one or two seasons, and
then transplanted in nursery rows, eight to 12 inches
apart, the rows three feet or more apart to allow horse
cultivating, and grown on for two or three seasons more
until large enough for general planting. Cedar seeds,
however, are enclosed in a sort of a bony nut, and de¬
mand different treatment. They should be mixed with
moist sand, placed in a strong canvas bag, and kneaded
until the outer coatings are partly worn off, then packed
in moist sand* stratified in boxes or buried in the soil,
where they cfen freeze, until Spring, when they are
sown very much like pine seeds. They are slow in
germinating, and sometimes do not come up until the
second or third year. Good directions in handling ever¬
green seeds will be had in Thorburn’s Seed Catalogue,
sent by J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York City. The

most practical book on this subject that we know is
Forest Planting, by H. Nicholas Jarchow, price $1.50
from this office. It contains much useful and reliable
information on the subject.

Chestnuts for Post Timber.

A few miles north there is plenty of light sandy soil,
where the chestnut thrives naturally, and which can he
bought very cheap. A friend wants to plant some of this
land to chestnuts, expecting to cut the trees for posts when
they reach a suitable size. How shall he prepare the
ground, and when should nuts he planted, and about how
many years would it take for trees to reach a suitable size
for posts? i.. it.

Cohoes, N. Y.

Experiments in growing chestnut for posts and tim¬
ber from the nuts have not been very successful. If the
land is not too rough it should be prepared in early
Spring as for corn, and furrowed out in checks about
four feet by five. The nuts are kept over Winter in
boxes of moist sand, buried a few inches under the
soil and dropped like corn in the checks, two or three
inches to a “hill,” covering very lightly. Clean cultiva¬
tion is needed for several years, and the seedlings are
gradually thinned to one in a place. In congenial soil
the post size should be reached in 10 to 12 years. Nuts
often sprout during Winter storage, and a good stand
is never certain. If planted in the Fall vermin are quite
certain to get many of them. The native chestnut
sprouts so readily front the stump that the best way
is to buy natural stump land and thin the sprouts as
growth progresses. Sprouts from good stumps make
good posts and timber two to four years before seed-

l’lilZETAKER ONIONS READY FOR TRANSPLANTIN'*;.

FtG. 2<i7. See Page 032.

lings started at the same time. Write the Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., for bulletins on
chestnut culture.

Treatment of an Asparagus Patch.

Having leased a farm here recently, we found an aspara¬
gus bed bearing fairly, but tbe owner must have neglected it
previously, as the soil on top was very hard when we came
at the beginning of May. We endeavored to correct con¬
ditions in digging, but found the roots to be only three
inches under the surface. We intend to manure the bed
well in the Autumn and spread sifted soil on top next.
Spring. What can we do in t lie meantime? Can we put
some rotten stable manure on it now, and give the bed a
good scraping in Fall? a, l. a.

Hanover, N. Y.

Although your asparagus bed has many roots neat
the surface, the plants are probably provided with an
abundance of roots deeper down, and little harm can
come from hoeing the bed over thoroughly, in order to
destroy the weeds. A thick mulch of stable manure put
on now would keep the soil moist, and to a great extent
prevent the growth of weeds. In the Fall you could
given it a good scraping and light hoeing, and early in the
Spring apply another dressing of stable manure, well
cultivated or hoed in, or a dressing of about one pound
of good potato fertilizer to the square yard, also lightly
cultivated or hoed in the soil. This should put your
plot in good condition for another year. Although we
do not generally advise salt for asparagus beds, in
your case it might be advisable to sow about two pounds
to the square yard over the bed before putting on the
first mulch of manure. Salt in this strength will not
harm the asparagus, and is of some benefit in keeping

the soil moist, and would be very likely to destroy most
of the weeds without disturbing the roots with the hoc
or cultivator.

SHORT STORIES.

PARAFFINED BERRIES. — An Oregon correspond¬
ent sends us by mail some fine berries that had been treat¬
ed to a bath of melted paraffin before shipment. They are
shown in natural size, just as received, in fig. 2(59. I he
varieties are Royal Sovereign strawberry, Loganberry
and Mammoth blackberry. These paraffined fruits were
packed in hardwood sawdust and forwarded in an or¬
dinary mailing case. They retained much of their char¬
acteristic flavor after their eight days’ journey. The form
and color were fairly well preserved at the end of six
weeks, but the quality was decidedly "off.” As a handy
means of preserving samples of ripe fruit when cold
storage is not available the paraffin process is not with¬
out merit, though the results are not lasting.

OIL AND LEAD FOR APPLE TREES.— On page
533 is an article by Prof. Britton, who says he painted
apple trees with white lead and linseed oil. and the paint
lias killed them. After reading the description and look¬
ing at the cut showing the way the trees were painted,
it is evident that the reason the trees were killed was
that they were painted too high up and too large a sur¬
face was covered with the paint. We have treated, (in
our orchard), over 3,500 trees with white lead and lin¬
seed oil paint and have not lost a single tree, and as far
as we can see, none was injured in the slightest de¬
gree. They were painted about is inches high from
the ground, which is sufficiently high to keep rabbits
from gnawing the bark, w. c. stevens.

Virginia.

BEET SUGAR FACTORIES. — To say that beet sugar
industry in America is a failure appears to be no more
correct than to say that it is a success in southern New
York. This has been practically the contention of The
R. N.-Y. all along. The company that for a time oper¬
ated at Binghamton, at first in a moderate way, but
later increased the investment to $400,000, found the
beet-sugar industry business not very profitable, as the
soil in general about Binghamton did not seem to be
well suited to growing the beets. They had made a bad
investment, but they sent a lot more of good money
after that which had gone, removed the entire outfit to
Idaho at a cost of $90,000 for freight, refitted and en¬
larged the plant, making the entire plant cost nearly
three-quarters of a million, and set it to work. As a re¬
sult of this move they have at last sold out to the trust
at a price a little short of a million, and the pay is good,
A firm nerve, a clear understanding, and enough money
enabled them to pull out of a bad situation. H. h. l.

SAN JOSE SCALE IN DELAWARE.

Han Jose scale and its treatment has been discussed for
years. The development and life history of the scale has
been told ftnd retold. The different treatments are still being
written on at length, and their particular merits brought out.
In (lie horticultural centers you hear scale and its treatment
talked of more than any One thing The fruit grower is only
getting awake He lias for a long period been asleep The
question of what to use for the scale has been asked oftener
than how to apply it; In my opinion at the present time it
is becoming one of the minor questions, and when the fruit
grower becomes thoroughly awake it will be an almost need¬
less question. The paramount question is, bow thoroughly
did you do the work? Was your material (be whflt it (nay)
thoroughly prepared? Did you cover the trees from top to
bottom, and ail t lie small twigs between? For if there is
one small badly-infested twig left untouched there will he
enough breeding stock left to cover the tree by the following
Winter. This question of thoroughness has been sorely neg¬
lected. and is seldom mentioned After examining a poorly
sprayed orchard it is hard to tell a man bis work has been
for naught ; nevertheless it is often so. There were n good
many orchards sprayed last Spring where the owners would
have been money in pocket if they had paid their men to sit
still, for then the material would have been saved. Last
Spring there was a great increase in the number of orchards
sprayed : among these there was some very good work done,
and a good deal of very poor work. A few years ago, when
spraying was comparatively new, there was slighting work
done. Now some of these men are among our most thorough
sprayers. So we will live in hopes of a good share of the
new ones joining the same class, and taking for their watch¬
word thoroughness I do not wish to be misunderstood : T
would not for an instant have anyone think the horticul¬
tural interests of the State were on the decline, for it is just
the reverse. There are enough thrifty and industrious fruit
growers ready to enlarge on tllelr already paying orchards as
fast as the careless drop out of line. h. c. richardson.

In recent references to Burbank’s fruits, it should be
remembered that Abundance, Burbank and Red .Tune plums
were not originated by Mr. Burbank, being, as we under¬
stand. native Japan varieties merely named by him.

According to the interstate Commerce Commission, dur¬
ing January, February and March, 1905, railway accidents
of all kinds in the United States injured 14,397 persons, and
killed 909. 'file total number of collisions and derailments
during the same period was 3,108.

In 1903 there were in the United States 8,970 homicides.
The ratio of murders to population has increased from 24.7
per million in 1881 to 112 per million in 1903. One recent
year Chicago had 118 homicides, and London, five times as
large. 20. Criminologists blame these crimes largely upon
the practice of carrying hidden weapons.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

THE ALFALFA MEN TALK.

Soil Best for Inoculation.

There has been much said and written about Alfalfa
and inoculation the past year which has been mislead¬
ing, and misunderstood by those who do not under¬
stand the nature of the plant. I have had seven years'
experience with Alfalfa; two years in Colorado, where
it grows to perfection without inoculation, and live
years in Connecticut where inoculation is necessary.
The present season, 1 am in the Alfalfa section in New
York, near Syracuse. In the Spring of 1900, I took
charge of a farm near Hartford, Conn. On June 4,

J sowed one-fourth of an acre to Alfalfa. It came up
and looked well. I cut it three times for soiling, cut¬
ting the last crop about October 1. In the Spring of
1901 the Alfalfa was nearly all gone. About this time.

I learned of soil inoculation and thought I would try
it. The director of Storrs Experiment Station sent me
some inoculated soil and seed for experiment. 1 sowed
the seed and inoculated soil April -22, using the soil on
a marked plot about Sxl2 feet. In two months it was
plain to see where the soil had been applied, as the Al¬
falfa was rank and dark green. The rest of the field
looked yellow. 1 believe in inoculation, and I think we
are just learning the possibilities of it and of Alfalfa
growing the East. About August the same year I seeded
more Alfalfa on a well-prepared seed bed, using 500
pounds bone meal. 200 pounds muriate of potash and
1,000 pounds lime; 200 pounds of seed per acre, also soil.
The results were good. I also used culture from Wash¬
ington, Alfalfa meal an4 soil for inoculating. The
meal gave the most nodules, culture gave none, but I
think Alfalfa soil the practical way. I believe Alfalfa
can be grown on well-drained soil, well manured, limed
and inoculated. If Sweet clover grows naturally in¬
oculation will not be necessary I believe in seeding
alone about August 1, as the weeds will not choke the
young Alfalfa plants as in Spring seeding?; clip about
September 15. The growth after this will be six to
12 inches, which must be left for Winter protection
1 think this important. We must study out the wants
of the soil and the conditions which make Alfalfa grow
best. T differ from Mr. Clark in regard to soil inoc¬
ulation for Alfalfa. I shall watch his experiment with
interest. Montague hamm.

Some “Musts" of Alfalfa.

1 have known about Alfalfa from boyhood, have been
familiar with it for 30 years and have grown it success¬
fully on many soils, from a stiff clay upwards. The
failures which 1 have seen have been accounted for by
the non-performance of some of the essentials. 1 here
are certain “musts,” not “shoulds,” to be observed to
secure success. Here they are from my experience.

First of all the seed must be pure, of high germinat¬
ing power, and of the highest possible vitality. If I
doubted my own proficiency in these determinations I
would consult the nearest experiment station. 1 may at
once say that 1 have had cause to consult experiment
stations on various subjects, from New Jersey to Wis¬
consin, and in every instance have met with prompt and
valuable — and sympathetic — assistance. The soil must
have lime; either as one of its natural constituents, or
it must be added. If the soil is deficient then the lime
for best results — and that is what 1 am after — must be
incorporated with the soil some months before seeding,
for reasons which will appear later on. I he land must
have efficient drainage, either natural or. as in the case
of clay and heavy clay loams, artificial. The land must
be fertile to a depth of at least nine inches. Beyond that
depth the tap root, in its search for water, will take
care of itself. I know of one tap root, IS years after
seeding, dug out of a railroad cutting near Woodbridge,
Suffolk. England, which measured vertically (52 feet.
Alfalfa is singular in this respect that, while it will
withstand without injury (to my knowledge) — 28 de¬
grees of cold, and a drought from May 24 to September
29, when it has once well started, it is extremely tender
and delicate, not to say finicky, when first germinated
and during its first two months’ growth. The baby-
rootlets demand baby food right at hand at the start
in a sweet and acceptable form, and that is why lime,
if added to the soil, should have time for its reactions
to have become modified before seeding. The seed bed
must have thorough preparation. A deep plowing in
the Autumn, about two tons of lime per acre, if neces¬
sary, incorporated with the soil with a disk or spring-
tooth harrow; to be followed during the Winter by
plenty of well-rotted manure. Then, as soon as possible
in the Spring, start the harrow and roller until the top
two or three inches are fine and mellow, and the imme¬
diate subsoil is firm, not hard, down to the depth of the
furrow. Early springing weeds can thus be killed.

Finally — although I have grow n it both with and with¬
out a nurse crop — I would always, if 1 could, grow it
alone, and always seed in the Spring as soon as danger
of frost was over fin Ohio this w-ould be by May 20)
because, a sharp frost will injure the young plant when

under about four months old. I would sow never less
than 25 pounds to the acre, with a seed harrow, and go
over the ground twice, crosswise, to make sort of even
distribution. Cover the seed about an inch deep with a
light spike-toothed smoothing harrow and roll down.

WORKERS FOR TIIE AI’PLE CONSUMERS’ LEAGUE.

Fig. 208.

I have not touched on the subject of inoculation because,
by a faithful observance of the above “musts” which
were early drilled into me, 1 have always succeeded
without it; and 1 have often wondered whether inocu¬
lation would succeed where either of the “musts”— per¬
fect seed, lime or drainage — was neglected.

Knox Co., Ohio. JAS. l. waldon.

Alfalfa “Don’ts.”

Don’t wait until September or Spring to sow it. Sow
it now-. Don't sow any "nurse crop.” Don't sow on
fre-hly plowed land, no matter how nicely prepared.
Don’t let weeds or grass get over six inches high with¬
out clipping. Don’t clip or mow when wet with rain
or dew. Don’t let it stand if turning yellow ; cut it.
Don’t sow old seed. Don’t sow less than 25 pounds per
acre, one-half each way. Don’t sow on land that will
not raise 250 bushels of potatoes per acre. Don’t sow
25 acres, sow five. Don’t pasture it. Don't put any of
the rotten manure anywhere but on your Alfalfa plot.
Don’t depend on “culture” cakes or soil from some dis¬
tant field. Don’t let water ever stand on it.

Don’t let it go if a thin stand, disk in more seed.
Don’t be afraid you will kill it. Don’t replow the land ;

FRUITS SHIPPED IN PARAFFIN. Fig. 269.

disk it. Don’t wait for it to “stool it never does.
Don’t be satisfied with a thin stand. Disk in more seed.
Don’t try to cut hay until it takes the field. Don't let
weeds ever get over six inches high.

Don’t sow on any land not well underdrained. There
are two varieties, — yellow and purple bloom, — otherwise
the same. Don’t sow the yellow. Don’t leave your land
rough ; use a roller or a plank float. Don’t give it up.

Kansas. GEO. PURDY,

63 1

CLOVER IN THE WHEAT STUBBLE.

A man in this vicinity had clover in his wheat stubble that
came in blossom (new seeding). He mowed it and made it
into hay. Would it not have been better to leave it on the
land?

The above question comes from western New York
and hardly seems possible this year in Columbia County,
where we have had no rain worthy of the name since
March, and not only the clover but much of the Timothy
seeding is burned up, and the earth so hard that at this
writing (August 7) it is impossible to replow. Well. I
rejoice at the good fortune of the “man.” A number of
years ago I had a similar experience, and for some days
halted between two opinions. Finally, toward the last
of August, l put in the machines, with the bars set high,
and mowed about six acres of clover in blossom in rye
stubble. We took off it enough hay to winter 30 ewes.
The clover started again, and unquestionably stooled out
and made a better growth for the mowing. The next
year I cut a most satisfactory crop of hay off the same
land, and never could see that I did it any harm by mak¬
ing hay of the clover. Under like conditions I should
do the same. There were at least five tons of hay, worth
$50, and 1 had most of its manorial value in what we
drew out from the sheep. Had I left it on the land,
much of the clover would have been smothered out,
mice would have made their nests in it, and I never
would have seen $10 value from it. I am satisfied I cut
a better crop of hay the next season than I would had
I left it on the land.

I think I have answered the question. It will be
noted that both these cases were of unusually rank
growth, and cases that do not often occur. Again. I
feel very sure that it will always pay to rush the mowing
machine over the stubble. The clover will grow
stronger and better for it. The clover, stubble, and
whatever rag or other weeds there may be, will act as
a mulch and decay, and not be a nuisance in the bay next
season, neither will the weed seeds mature and produce
a crop in the future to annoy us.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

PROCESS LIME FOR BORDEAUX MIXTURE.

I wish to take issue with A. N. Brown in his con¬
demnation of process lime for making Bordeaux Mix¬
ture as stated by him on page 5(57. 1 am as much sur¬

prised that Mr. Brown should condemn process lime
for making Bordeaux as he is that Prof. Slingerland
should recommend it I made and used process lime
Bordeaux one year before Prof. Slingerland made his
tests, and although it was satisfactory l did not at that
time think it superior to Bordeaux made with stone
lime. This season I have been especially interested in
the sticking quality of the process lime Bordeaux used
by F. M. Soper of Magnolia, Del. In his extensive
apple orchards Mr. Soper has sprayed thousands of gal¬
lons of Bordeaux this Summer and had used process
lime exclusively in making it. The trees sprayed May
24 and 25, 10 weeks ago, are at this date, August 5,
as completely covered with Bordeaux as though the
work had been done within the past week. I never saw
Bordeaux stick as this does. Under separate cover I
am mailing you twigs from a Nickajack tree sprayed
May 24, so you may see how the Bordeaux is sticking.
These twigs were cut August 2 and are from the lower
outer portion of the tree which gets the drip during
rain storms from the portions above. There have been
a good many heavy rains since May 24. On August
4 I saw Mr. Brown’s apple trees, but as Mr. Brown
was not at home I did not learn when the trees were
sprayed last, nor what kind of Bordeaux was used.
The point is that although some mixture was still stick¬
ing to the leaves, it was only a small amount compared
with the process lime Bordeaux on Mr. Soper’s trees.
Let Mr. Brown revise his opinion, but still insist that
the manufacturers of process lime shall be more careful
in sieving or bolting their product so as to keep out par¬
ticles of grit. It seems to me that if we could get pro¬
cess lime entirely free from grit, it would be ideal for
making all kinds of spray mixtures. c. p. close.

Delaware Experiment Station.

R. N.-Y. — The leaves were still well covered with the
deposit from Bordeaux. We never saw a better case
of “‘stick.” Readers will remember that “process” lime
is different from stone lime, because it has been ground,
sifted and handled so as to remove the impurities.

MARKETING PRODUCE BY TROLLEY.— My farm is lo¬
cated about 25 miles southwest of Cincinnati, on the Cincin¬
nati. Georgetown and Portsmouth traction line. I am engaged
in truck farming, raising berries and many kinds of vegeta¬
bles. All produce is shipped by trolley, one man going along to
sell it. While he is gone the others are getting another loatT
ready for the next shipment. The rates from our station
are 10 cents per bushel and 15 cents per barrel. That is
about half what it would cost to market tlie produce by
wagon. Beside this saving in the money cost of marketing
our crops the trolley enables us to handle much more pro¬
duce with less expense for labor. It would require one-half
more help to market the same crop by means of wagons
that it does to do by trolley, not counting the wear and tear
of teams and wagons, R, p, T,,

Batavia, Ohio,

632

T II K RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 26,

FARMERS' CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it Is not answered In
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Nitrite of Soda on Lima Beans.

IT. A. T., Idle wood, .V. J. — I am growing
about 3,200 feet of trelllsed Lima beans,
• which at this writing are making superb
headway : vines seven to nine feet, and full
of blossoms; variety. Dreer's Improved. I
fear the drain on the land will lie too great
to mature the crop, especially as I have in¬
stalled the Skinner system of irrigation, and
shall spray the patch on frosty nights and
hold the crop well into October, '"lie land
is light sandy loam very well fertilised with
well-cured stable manure. I gave it one
dressing of nitrate of soda about four weeks
ago. Can I safely and satisfactorily apply
the nitrate again, how often and' how strong?
I am trying t lie nitro-culture on a part of
the patch and on all my bush Limas.

Ans. — You could use nitrate of soda at
the rate of 75 pounds per acre, hut this
would not be the most economical way to
fertilize the beans. It is doubtful whether
they need more nitrogen. We should use
potash and phosphoric acid as well, as
these minerals are needed to produce seed.
Why not use a complete fertilizer con¬
taining four per cent nitrogen, eight of
phosphoric acid and six or eight of pot¬
ash ?

The Use of “ Cores and Skins "

A. H. Chagrin Falls. O. — I want yon to
see the enclosed', that recently came into
my possession. “Apple cores and skins !"
“Bleached chops !" It makes one cry out
with Sergeant Buzfuz, “Chops and tomato
sauce, good heavens, what next!” How long
must a patient and suffering public 1 ' im¬
posed upon? Will our National Congress ever
pass a pure food bill, and forever relegate
such rottenness as this to the innocuous
desuetude that it deserves, and its promoters
along with it?

Ans. — The note referred to is a quoted
price from a St. Louis commission house,
as follows :

We offer, subject to being unsold, bleached
apple waste (cores and skins) in sacks, SO
cents pei' 100 pounds. Bleached chops, $1.10
per 100. Also car of fair sun-dried apples,
at 2 ’4 cents, all f. o. b., St. i/ouis.

Up to a few years ago all the chopped
apples went to France, and were used
either by large manufacturers to make a
cheap drink, something like cider, or by
the housewives to brew a small beer. Of
late years we sell considerable quantities
of chops to Germany, where they are sold
from the groceries to make apple butter
and also for beer. Cores and skins are
used entirely for jelly making, both here
and all over the world, except wlu" they
are old or fermented, when they are used
for vinegar making. The jelly makers
color and flavor the stock made from
cores and skins, and furnish currant,
peach, gooseberry or any other kind
wanted, all from the same kettle. It has
been stated that the French make a liquid
from American cores and skins, charge it
with carbonic acid gas, and send it back
here as champagne.

A Packinghouse Fertilizer.

A. F. S., Canada. — I can buy what Is
called packing-house fertilizer for $20 per
ton. Analysis by the Dominion Department :

Nitrogen stated as ammonia . S.S4

Soluble phos. acid . 0.33

Citric soluble acid . 6-39

Insoluble acid . 3.32

Total 10.04

Potash . 0.35

Moisture 6.75

The bone and meat refuse of lard tank,
is pressed to get all the moisture out of it,
then dried, and ground and mixed with the
blood and meat meal; the bone is not treated
with acid or anything; no foreign mixture in
the blood and meat meal. IIow would the
above do for fertilizer for potatoes, vege¬
tables and fruit? Is anything required to
add to it? How much to acre for good re¬
sults, soil sandy loam? Would the same do
for food for hogs and poultry? The manu¬
facturers assure me that there is nothing in
it in the least to hurt anything. I buy di¬
rect from the packing house.

Ans. — This is a cheap fertilizer at $20
per ton, but we would not use it alone.
There is too much ammonia as compared
with potash. It would give a fine growth

of vine or stem, hut tuber and fruit
would be deficient. By using 300 pounds
of muriate of potash with a ton of this
fertilizer you will have a much better
mixture — 1,000 pounds of this mixture to
the acre. You will understand that all
you need to consider in the analysis of
the phosphoric acid is “citric soluble.”
This means the proportion of the phos¬
phoric acid which is soluble in citric acid
or weak vinegar, and is a fair measure
of what the plant can utilize. We would
go slow in feeding such tankage to hogs.
Try it on a few first and watch them.

Plowing a Small Field.

IP. IP., New York City. — Some years ago I
took possession of a farm of 33 acres, and be
gan farming. I was of course an amateur.
The lots were small, about two to three acres
in extent, surrounded by high, rough stone
walls, the bottom stones of which being large
projected beyond the fence proper in numer¬
ous places two feet more into the lots. The
farm had been originally covered with
bowlders, and a former owner had used what
stones he did not need for his ditches in
fence building. We began by plowing around
(lie tield, continuing until the center was
reached. In starting one man drove the oxen
or horses and another held the plow for the
first two furrows, and then one man finished
the jol). The next time we plowed this field
we proceeded in the same way. The third
time when we seeded down with rye and grass
or grass alone we threw out two furrows and
then plowed around as above, throwing the
first furrow against the two thrown out from
the fence. Our rotation was corn, oats or pota¬
toes and rye or grass in seeding down. The
result of this manner of plowing was to leave
a broad, deep dead furrow in the center of the
field and also deep diagonal furrows to the
ends of tills furrow from the four corners of
t lie field. It also piled (lie dirt high up near
t lie fences, requiring t lie harrow to lie run
several times around the field near the fence
to level as much as possible the ridge that
was formed there before the seed was sown.

1 left the pir.ee just as I was about to try a
remedy for the above troubles. I Intended be¬
ginning my plowing in the middle of the field,
throwing two furrows into the dead furrows
(the center and diagonal ones) and then con¬
tinue plowing from center to outside of field.
This it was hoped would level the whole field,
including the ridge around the fences. By al¬
ternating the above two methods, plowing to
the outside and to the center, the field would
certainly maintain its original shape of sur¬
face. Why did we plowr around the fields?
I think that we thought plowing around and
around the field was quicker than plowing In
lands. In fact, we knew nothing about plow¬
ing in lands. Mill jou describe the plowing
of a field in lands, giving measurements, if
any? Also give your opinion and perhaps
that of your readers as to the best way to
plow’ a field

Ans. — The most practical way we have
found for plowing land to do away with
dead furrows and back furrows is to use
the reversible sulky plow. Our fields are
small, stony, hilly and surrounded by
stone walls, yet upon these fields we are
able to do better work with the reversible
sulky plow than with any other plow we
have tried. The land is left level. The
plow has sufficient weight so that it holds
to the ground better than a lighter plow
would do. We have made some use of
the hillside plow, but we have never yet
found one in which the shape of the
mold-board was entirely satisfactory, and
as a result the plow does not pulverize the
ground as it should do. We can, how¬
ever, highly recommend the sulky plow
for this work. l. a. clinton.

Conn. Exp. Station.

Size of Transplanted Onions. — There
has been some discussion as to the best
size for onion plants that are to be trans¬
planted. Fig. 267, page 630, shows the
size we like best at Hope Farm. We
have used smaller plants, and larger ones
as well, but if possible we would like them
about as shown- The top is cut back and
‘lie onion planted a little above the bulb
in a small hole — the earth firmly pressed
around it. There are many advantages in
transplanting. By sterilizing the soil and
using sulphur we can avoid much Onion
smut, and by keeping the beds covered
we have little trouble with maggots.
Transplanting is really easier than hand
weeding, and the onions grow to large
size.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

PEACH BASKETS

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 Qt. Sizes.

PEACH GRATES

Six Basket Georgia Carriers.

Picking Baskets

Made of Oak. Smooth and Durable.

Write for Quotations and New Catalogue.

COLES & COMPANY,

109 and III Warren Street,

NEW YORK.

Established 1884. Telephone 3751 Cortlandt.

POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

MAXIMUS, MEAD and over 20 other choice varieties
now ready. Descriptive list with instructions howto
care for so as to get berries next June, sent on request.

KARNES BROTHERS NURSERY,

Box S, Yalesvillc, Conn.

STRAWBERRY PLANTSiiu'eSTom™,;

plant 1900 $1.00 per 100. List free.

KEVITT'S PI. A NT FARM, Athenia, N. J.

Potted Strawberry Plants

Garden Tools, Spray Pumps,
Spray Mixtures. Booklet free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J,

FRUIT TREES

A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornamental Tree*, Shrub*, Rime*,
Plant* and Hulb*. Catalogue No. 1 freo to
purchaser* of Fruit and Ornamental Trees.
No 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plant* and Vines. Koici,
Fern*, Palm* and Greenhouse Goods in
Try us Will give you a square deal and
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
62 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

BOX 13, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

BUDS!

general

PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM.

Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day.

Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

PURE

GRASS SEED.

Mr. GEORGE M. CLARK, Ihe Grass
King, in his booklet on Hay Crops, refers
to us as furnishing PURE SLED. On
thanking him for the reference, he replies:

“ I have found, by careful t st, that
your seed is pure, and I am only too glad
to recommend it to my friends.”

We Handle Only the

VERY HIGHEST GRADES

Both as to Purity and Germination.

We carry a full line of all cultivated
and natural foreign and domestic sorts.

Write us, stating kinds and quantities
wanted, and we shall quote prices.

Farmers are invited to consult us as to
mixtures for permanent meadows and
pastures. Our long experience enables us
to recommend the species most suitable
for any soil and situation.

Y e have been over 100 years in business
in New York. Catalogues free.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

30 Cortlandt Street, New York.

SEED WHEAT “INVINCIBLE.”— Has proved heavy
y 'elder , strong straw; very hardy; the practieal
farmer s variety, f J .50 bu.: 5 bu. ormore $1.25. Sacks
free. Cash with order. Geo.M.Talleot.Skaueateles.N.Y

SEED WHEAT— DAWSON’S GOLDEN CHAFF

Best Bald Wheat grown. I offer choice recleaned seed
from a heavy yielding crop at $1.25 per bushel f. o. b,
Bags, 15 cents. Bags free with five bushels or more.

CHARLES BUCHAN, Stanley, N. Y.

BEST SEED WHEATS

Always come from the famous Maplewood Seed
Wheat Farms. Always pure, clean, highest vitality,
thoroughly regraded. Some wonderful new ones this
year. Our Catalogue No. 15 tells all about them ; how
and why they come to ho the best. Cost but a postal.
Get it. now.

Maplewood Seed Wheat Farms, Allegan. Mich.

LJ A I — Crimson Clover Seed,

■ CL $5.50 per bushel ; Cow

Peas. $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

Selected Winter Rye

Carefully graded and free from weed seeds, $1.00 per
bushel; five bushels or more. DO eents Bags free.
HEATON ORCHARDS. W. Kingston, R. I.

DANSY Mine Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
1 White Welsh Onion : all kinds of seeds for florists
and market gardeners. BEAULIEU, Woodlinven, N.Y.

GOLD COIN SEED WHEAT for sale:

$1.10

per hush, f.o.b,
here; hags extra. Yield 33 bushels this year. Also,
O. I. C. PIGS. J. D. DATES, Ludlowville. N. Y.

PURE MEALY SEED WHEAT.

J905 Crop, $1.20 per bushel, f. o. b. car; bags free.
Recleaned, free from rust and weevil.

G. G. GRISWOLD, Madison. Lake County, Ohio.

CRIMSON GLOVER

price of seed on roquest.

The great soil improver. Valu¬
able also for early green food,
grazing and hay crop. Speeiaj
circular freo, also samplo and

HENRY A. DRKKR, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna*

HAIRY VETCH.

Bushel, GO pounds, $6 ;
Two bushels, $10.

ROGERS ON THE HILL,

DANSVILLE, N Y.

DWYER S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and
P rorl nrp a Full Crnn ir» IQOfi Some of the flnest berry patches in America owe success to
r,UUUtC d run m our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty

for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT AND ORNA¬
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guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all its branches
Oureatalogne mailed free. Write now. T. J.DWYER& COMPANY, 1’. O. BOX 1, CORN WALL, N.Y

Grown STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out In August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on requfbt. 05th Year.

ELLWAWCER A BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

Ue^ron^^cale^Jikw^n^Choic^Varietles.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries

MYER Si SON, IJridg-eville, Del.

Thoroughbred High Quality Apples.

The growing and breeding of finest types of high quality Winter Apples is our special line. Our select list
r rfFiY-V?,s. ' ■ interest the careful grower who is working for the production of the BEST APPLES IN
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TREES

8l5 PER IOO FRFIfiHT PAIR AI>ple, Pear' Plum, < berry, Peach and Carolina
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OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

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THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn.

/

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

633

GEO. M. CLARK’S ALFALFA.

Mr Clark, the Connecticut grass man,
who grows five tons or more of Timothy
hay to the acre, has been sowing Alfalfa
on a dry upland soil — V/ acres. He
made the soil as fine and soft as possible,
using 800 pounds of a fertilizer containing
equal parts by weight of ground bone,
muriate of potash and nitrate of soda.
Seed at the rate of 25 pounds per acre
was harrowed in lightly four times, and
then rolled. Result :

This work was completed June 3. July 25
I cut the first crop, 52 days from the time
of seeding. Height at the time of cutting
was 12 to 22 inches, average 16 inches or
more. One-tenth of the plants were In blos¬
som, which is the rule for cutting Alfalfa.
In one corner of the field there was a little
purslane, and scattered' over the field there
was some June grass: otherwise the Alfalfa
was quite clean. The first four days after
cutting were clear sunshine, the next four
partly cloudy with some very light rain, the
next four days were bright sunshine; 12 days,
eight perfect, four not bad, with four to fin¬
ish August 5. It was carefully heaped every
night. Result was 10,500 pounds of dry hay
in barn, 3,000 pounds to the acre in 52 days.

I carted the Alfalfa off the field as soon as
possible after cutting, then sowed half as
much more Alfalfa seecT and harrowed it In
with double act-ion Cutaway harrow in two
directions, set at a light angle. My object
in doing this was to reset it and improve the
stand.

What happened then? This is Mr.
Clark’s report :

1 am just in from the field, the thirteenth
morning after cutting. To my surprise I
find some of the Alfalfa eight inches high.
Its average height is fully six inches. Neigh¬
bors said I would kill it, others said it would
turn yellow and die without bacteria. No
grass will die when it has anything to live
for. I now expect quite a large second' crop
before frost.

“Nitro culture” and soil inoculation do
not trouble Mr. Clark. He says:

Scientific men say that certain bacteria are
necessary to start a new field of Alfalfa.
They say that they go down into the roots
and aid the plant to gather nitrogen. I think
they are correct, but I have none. I have
been hunting among the roots for bacteria
a month or more; hereafter I shall hunt for
tops and let the roots take care of them¬
selves. In this dry weather the roots are
hunting for water: looks as if they were find¬
ing it. Six inches growth In 12 days, Tim¬
othy stubble a month old side by side not yet
started _ _

Action of Fire on Cement.

,/. TF. M., Greenwood, Va. — I wrote you a
year or so ago in regard to using concrete for
chimneys. I am building now, and have been
told by several persons that concrete fire¬
places will not. stand/ the heat. Do you know
anything to the contrary? How would It do
to line the fireplaces and flues with common
brick, that is, if the concrete will not stand
the heat and crack? I have to have a well
dug, and wish to have it walled with some¬
thing better than common rough stones. 1
have been thinking of using terra cotta sewer
pipe, say 24 inches in diameter, for the first
eight or 10 feet at the bottom of the well,
then reduce the pipe to six inches and use
six-inch pipe to top of well ; then finish off
with concrete platform. Please give me your
opinion of it. As large terra cotta sewer pipe
is expensive here, cannot I make molds and
make the large pipe of concrete, cement and
sand? If so, how thick, and will two parts
sand, one cement, be right proportion to use?

A ns. — About two years ago I looked
up the matter of the fire-resisting quali¬
ties of cement and made a report in 1 he
R. N.-Y. and in the columns of the Engi¬
neering News found that a concrete
building had safely passed through a
heated conflagration in Bayonne. N. J.,
coming out without a crack. 1 his, of
course, meant not only intense heat, be¬
cause the iron structural work in other
buildings surrounding this building was
warped and twisted out of form, but it
had to stand the streams of cold water
while heated. At the same time I con¬
sulted a well-known concrete engineer of
our section, who told me he had turned
cold water upon blocks of heated concrete

without breaking. I might give more evi¬
dence. To show my own confidence I
have two buildings with concrete foun¬
dation and floors, and I am carrying in¬
surance only upon the property valuation
above the concrete. As for the well, why
not use concrete? It will be cheaper. If
you can leave an opening where the
stream runs in that supplies the well the
remainder of the space can be made tight.
You could get a piece of sheet iron, rivet
it together the size circle you want, and
fill in the space around with rough stone,
sand and cement. Raise the form as fast
as the cement hardens. You will have
a fine curb, and the work can all be done
without expensive labor. You can even
go further, and put a concrete platform
cn top, leaving a hole for the pump, and
if of iron, cleaning out the well would
almost be out of the question. Portland
cement one part, sand five parts, using all
the small stone you can work in, will be
all right. h. e. cook.

Pear Blight.

11. J. T., Mishawaka, Ind. — I have 40 or 50
pear trees, four years old, most of them in
fruit, very badly struck with the blight;
leaves all turned black; fruit is withering up.
Is there any remedy for it?

Ans. — Pear-tree blight is a difficult dis¬
ease to handle. Cultivated and highly fer¬
tilized trees are more readily affected.

L rees in sod are as a rule less troubled
with :t. You do not name the variety of
pear, but from the fact that most of your
trees are bearing at four years we infer
they are Kicffers. There is no certain
remedy now that the trees are affected,
but the trouble may be reduced by cutting
off and burning all blackened branches,
taking care to cut well below the diseased
part in the sound wood. Next Spring be¬
fore the buds swell spray very thorough¬
ly with lime, sulphur and salt wash. Any
experiment station will tell you how to
make and apply this wash. The address
of your State Experiment Station is La¬
fayette, Indiana.

Tomato Questions.

X. Y. X. (.Vo Address). — I see that stress
is laid upon the compactness of Spark's Ear-
liaua, also some growers direct pinching off
the ends of branches to insure earliness of
fruit. Which gives the earliest goodi fruits,
a compact plant, or one trained to one stem?
What is the cause of dropping off of blos¬
soms and settings of fruit? What can he
done to prevent Tomato blight in a small
garden where tomatoes must ba grown year
after year In the same place? It has not yet
appeared. What can be done to prevent To¬
mato rot? The tomatoes are trellised, hut
green fruit will rot at blossom ends and sides.

Ans. — The Earliana is not a compact
growing variety, and requires as much
space as any older sorts, (at least 3 Ms feet
each way.) Pinching back the ends of
branches will induce the plant to throw
out laterals, .which of course, makes the
plant still denser, keeping the fruit in the
shade, thus retarding its ripening. Train¬
ing the tomato to a single stem will pro¬
duce earlier fruit, because of the expos¬
ure of the fruit to the sunshine, but at
the expense of yield. Checking the
growth of the plant either by transplant¬
ing or very dry weather or deep cultivat¬
ing will cause the bloom to drop, and
sometimes the fruit. Bordeaux Mixture
has been used to some extent to prevent
blight, but is not always a success.

Tomato rot is a disease that is preval¬
ent in dry weather, and I know of no
remedy. Some varieties are more sus¬
ceptible to rot than others. The old
Acme has been discarded on that account.
Purple varieties are more susceptible than
the red kinds like Earliana, Stone, etc.
I will wager a wooden toothpick against
anything of equal value that X. Y. Z. has
done as most amateurs do, set his to¬

mato plants too close. More and earlier
fruit can be grown from a dozen plants
set four feet each way, than can be grown
on two dozen plants on the same amount
of land, no matter how we fertilize, prune
or trellis. john jeannin, jr.

A Few Potted Plants. — My experience
strawberrying does not, like that of your
correspondent, H. H. B., page 568, extend
back through 30 years ; scarcely one year
has elapsed since I took the work in hand.
Moreover, my time every-day is entirely
occupied with undertakings far removed
from the culture of my garden. Never¬
theless, having heard and read somewhat
about the advantage of using potted plants
I determined, about a year ago, to make
trial of them. So, snatching from slumber
an early morning hour each day, and an¬
other hour at evening by lantern light, I
worked with spade, hoe and rake, and
thoroughly prepared a plot in my garden
to receive into its embrace 50 potted straw¬
berry plants of the variety Glen Mary.
These were received and set out last Au¬
gust 10 in the ground above described, it
being slightly sandy, and well manured.
They were set 15 inches apart in rows two
feet apart. They were kept well hoed and
free from weeds until December, when
they were loosely covered for the Winter
with leaves and rye straw. Upon remov¬
ing the covering in the Spring, a single
plant only had failed to live; all the rest
were in excellent condition. They grew
thriftily and blossomed abundantly. On
June 10, I began to gather the fine, ripe
berries, which at the table were pro¬
nounced of excellent flavor. The yield
was from one to two quarts daily for 17
days. June 23 they yielded two full
quarts, dry measure. After the fruiting
was over, I mowed the whoie plot closely,
supplementing the work with the garden
shears, having first selected and saved
(from the runners) 20 new plants. These
I set out adjacent to the others, and then
filled the spaces between all the rows
with horse manure. With the exception
of being well watered with a common
sprinkler two or three times during the
late severe (hot and dry) weather, they
have had no further attention than to clip
off the runners and pull an occasional
weed. They are now all looking fine and
promising. m. n. h.

Glen Ridge, N. J.

“Why don’t you try to win the confi¬
dence of the people?” “Not now,” an¬
swered Senator Sorghum. “The people
have been gold-bricked so much of late
years that every time they see a man try¬
ing to make himself agreeable, they get
suspicious.” — W ashington Star.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get. a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

TUBULAR
Starts Fortune

If you had a gold mine would you
waste half the gold? Dairies are
surer than gold mines, yet
farmers without separators only half
skim their milk. Tubular butter is
worth 25 to 35 cents. Cream is worth
one cent fed to stock. Are you
waiting creaml

Like a Crowbar

Tubulars are regular crowbars—
get right under the trouble. Get the
cream— raise the quantity of butter
—start a fortune for the owner.
Write for catalog XJ- 153

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAN. CHICAGO, ILL.

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AN EQUAL!

Built by the oldest concern making MANURE
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THE RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO.

Worcester, Massachusetts.

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Send for catalogue.

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fisminmirs

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pKKTILIZKR 1,1 ME cheaper than Phosphate.
1 Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

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All out cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy,

THE KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

■ H 1 1 U H I We probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

Oven

Thermometer

114.

rice tnd save

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For FALL SEEDING use HUBBARD’S “ BLACK DIAMOND”

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THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY, Fertilizer Manufacturers ... Middletown, Conn.

k

634

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 26,

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Beware of the Dew. — Poets and senti¬
mental writers have always had much to
say of the freshness and beauty of the
morning dew. We may well grant the
charm of its myriad diamond sparkles, as
viewed with the rising sun. but the plant
grower is constantly reminded that each
tiny drop may favor the development of
some disease germ that later may destroy
the plant. Dews that are soon dissipated
by the early rays of the sun do little
harm and are doubtless refreshing to
plants, but the clinging kind that accom¬
panies damp, cloudy weather is a verita¬
ble nursery for all sorts of fungus mis¬
eries. The moisture left by rain does not
to the same degree favor growth of
germs, as it is more evenly distributed,
seldom endures as long, and the fungus
spores have been largely washed away. A
morning shower may to a great extent
lessen the possible danger from a heavy
and lasting dew. On a hot. wet and sticky
morning, we always feel inclined to turn
the hose on all growing things within
reach to wash off sprouting spores before
they have penetrated the leaves, and feel
certain we have prevented blights and
mildew in roses, strawberries and other
susceptible plants by so doing, as those
out of reach of the spray promptly
showed infection. A fungus spore needs
moisture, and in its presence at the proper
temperature sends out a sprout that
grows over the surface of the leaf or
tender stem until it finds an open breath¬
ing pore, which it enters and proceeds
to feed upon the cell contents, just as the
rootlets of higher plants absorb dissolved
plant food from among the soil articles.
If the moisture dries up before the sprout
is sufficiently advanced, or the spore is
dislodged by falling rain, no harm is done.
Some fungus spores appear fixed by glu¬
tinous matter, and others are not greatly
checked by partial drying out. but most
of the injurious kinds depend on still
moisture, like dew, for successful and un¬
interrupted germination. The spores of
Asparagus rust start into greatest activ¬
ity during the heavy morning dews of
midsummer. Millions are killed by quick-
evaporation, but enough survive to infect
the plants during the ordinary weather
of the season. Should profuse rains oc¬
cur the plants show less infection and at
times appear to outgrow the pest.

Dew in Glasshouses. — One of the
great advantages of greenhouse struc¬
tures lies in their ability to keep off dew
as well as to control temperature and
protect from wind. Dew forms quite as
readily under .glass as outside on chilly
nights, if ventilation is withheld and no
fire heat maintained, but by judicious
management of heat and ventilation the
foliage of the contained plants may be
kept dry, even if outside radiation is ex¬
treme. Every glasshouse man knows
what to expect if he finds his rose, toma¬
to or grape leaves fringed and beaded
with dewdrops in early morning. Unless
quickly dried, syringed or covered with
fungicides, an outbreak of mildew or
other pest of similar character is immi¬
nent. Glasshouse plants do not kindly
endure “copper plating” or chemical
sprays of any kind. The problem is to
keep the foliage dry during the hours of
gloom and darkness, and to wash it. when
needed, with water at a forcible pressure
in sunlight so that it will dry too rapidly
to permit the disease spores that remain
to germinate. During protracted dull
weather spraying is reduced to the mini¬
mum. while extra ventilation and suffi¬
cient heat to dry the excess of moisture
is maintained. The foliage of tomatoes
is kept as dry as practicable at all times.
Protection from dew-alone, provided there
is always sufficient moisture at the
roots. with an occasional forcible

washing <*f the foliage in bright
weather to remove the dust and in¬
sects, enables us to grow many desirable
plants that do not otherwise succeed. As
horticultural science advances protection
from dew may rank in importance with
defence from frost, winds, insects, birds
and other destructive agencies. While
dew is the almost universal nidus or
germinating medium for the spores of
plant diseases, it is, on the other hand, the
most helpful means of holding the reme¬
dies when applied in powdered form. Dry
pulverized fungicides and insecticides
blown on when the leaves are well cov¬
ered with dew are at once dissolved or
moistened, and ready to begin their cura¬
tive work.

Great Weed Growth. — “Dog day”
weather, hot and humid, with bacterial ac¬
tivity at its highest pitch, setting free soil
nitrates in their most available form, is
always highly stimulating to the growth
of weeds as well as of more useful plants,
but rarely have we seen such an over¬
powering rush as is now going on.

I he cool and dry weather of Spring and
early Summer made weed control quite
easy, but the intense heat wave of mid-
July deeply warmed the soil, and copious
showers have since well-filled it with
moisture. Ragweed, red-root, • crab-
grass and Portulaca or purslane are in
consequence growing at a most astonish¬
ing rate, the plants where not disturber
attaining prodigious development before
attempting to seed. This unusual activ
itv of growth is shared by beans, melons,
corn, tomatoes and other heat-loving
Summer crops. Cornfields that seldom
produce stalks more than eight feet high
arc now crowded with dark green masses
towering 12 feet or m^. Capable farm¬
ers and gardeners, far from being dis¬
couraged at this almost phenomenal weed
growth, are attacking the intruders with
energy, realizing that a weed disposed of
before it has smothered a crop plant or
ripened its seeds may almost be consid¬
ered a gain, as it has rescued some solu¬
ble plant food that might have leached
away, and that the useful crop has gained
additional cultivation in the act of weed
destruction. Jt is hard to kill some of
these rank weeds in rainy weather, but if
kept stirred up they make little headway,
and generally fail to develop seeds. Fields
properly cleaned at this season are likely
to be less troubled with weed pests in
succeeding years. The overwhelming
weed growth that swamps a neglected
crop may possibly be turned to advantage
if plowed down before seeds have formed,
and the land sowed to a legume or Win¬
ter cover crop. Considerable humus must
be gained by utilizing a thick weed
growth in this way, though such treat¬
ment cannot generally be considered good
farm management.

Crab-grass and Carrots May be Use¬
ful. — Crab-grass is no longer considered
an unmitigated evil, though it is a hard
master when it gains the upper hand.
On sandy land it forms a most effective
Winter cover, holding light snows and
preventing the soil from blowing away
during dry winds, and its marvelous sys¬
tem of fibrous roots opens up soils of
denser character. Of course Crimson
clover makes a far more valuable Winter
cover, but the catch is uncertain on poor
land, while the Crab-grass farmer is al¬
ways sure of a stand. Where Crab-
grass is appreciated cultivation ceases in
time to allow it to mat well over the fields.
Wild carrot is a picturesque nuisance, and
has but few champions, yet its long,
tough roots, deeply penetrating hardpan-
1 ike subsoil, seem to have a useful effect.
We have in mind certain fields of baking
clay loam, so devoid of humus and fer¬
tility that corn and grass would not grow
without copious manuring, so restored by
five years’ growth ot volunteer carrots
that the soil color was darker when
broken up. and a profitable crop of corn
was grown without manure. Some minor
weeds and a thin coating of White clover
came in during the last years, but the
restoration must chiefly be credited to the
carrots. Theoretically, carrots cannot
add anything of value not already in the
soil, but the shading of the surface, open¬
ing of texture and the action of the long
tap-roots in bringing plant food from
levels below that of ordinary cultivation,
must surely have been beneficial. Weed
cropping is not high farming, but in these
days of scarce and costly farm labor,
when much land cannot be tilled with
profit, it is well to consider the possible
redeeming traits of weeds, and every
practicable method of soil restoration.

W. V. F.

OMPLETE fertilizers con¬
tain the three essential
ingredients — Potash, phosphoric
acid, nitrogen — and they must be
in the right proportions to suit
the different crops.

We have a book, “Plant-Food,”
which explains these things fully
and interestingly. It is free to
farmers — let us send it to you.

Address, German Kali Works, 93 Nassau Street, New York.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say that
the best investment they ever made was
when they bought an

Electric

Low wheels, wide tires; easy work, light draft.
We’ll sell you a set of the best eteel wheels
made tor your old wagon. Spoke united with
bub, guaranteed not to break nor work loose.
Send for our catalogue and save money.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 88. Quincy, III.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largeat manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

You
can pul-

y orize ,1

more tlior- r U

oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard
Manure Spreader

because It has a different Beat¬
er, a different liake and llood —
load not thrown high In air and
blown about. 8pr«a<is full width
and does not vary in width.

Erdgats Moves Away From Load.

One lever raises endgato and puts en¬
tire machine in operation. Non break¬
able mechanism to change feed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.,

Dept. K( Utica, N. Y.

Jklakeroof Uarrotvt, Cultiva*
tors, Potato UarveoUrt,

£tc.

1™R CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 foot wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub-
fO'l water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CIjAUK’B J)hl. ACTION
IT A If A r Moves 18,000
VlUlVui" A Ions of Earth in a liny.

Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

II- YULI WA

Well

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made! Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES, pKT

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. X. V.

Goodhue

Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free

booklet explains their many ad¬
vantages, and tel Is about our new

INDESTRUCTIBLE
TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical informa¬
tion that should be in the hands of every farmer.

Send for it to-day and ask about our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

27

APPLETON

FARGO ST.

MFG. CO

BATAVIA, I

:y.

J

n A I HI and FERTILIZER

GRAIN DRILL

The YORK FORCE FEED DRILL combines
lightness with strength. Most complete drill made. No
complex gearing to get out of order. Boxes are close to
ground. Kasily Fully

regulates — t Guaranteed

quantity
of seed
or fer¬
tilizer.

AWARD¬
ED COLD
MEDAL
St, Louis
World's
Fair.

Weight, —

Only 700 lbs.

A gents W anted.

Write for catalogue.

THE HENCH&DROMGOLO CO. _

Mfra., York, Fa. HADIS ALSO WITH DISC

WICH-

SELF

Horse

HAY PRESS

Tl.e Baler for speed. Bales 12 to 18 tons a day.
Has 40 inch feed hole. Adapted to bank barn
work. Stands up to its work — no digging holes
for wheels. Self-feed Attachment increases
Capacity, lessens labor, makes better bales and
does not increase draft. Send for catalogue. '

Sandwich Mfg. Co„ 157 Main St., Sandwich, Ills.

HARNESS

We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the
individual at factory prices. And we warrautitto be the best
made for the money. Only the linest selected stock used. Noth-
itiK cheap or trashy. Guaranteed to give satisfaction or money
back. Illustrated catalogue F and price list free ou request.
T11K KING HARNESS GO., 0 Lake St. , Onego, Tioga Co.,N’.Y,

Harrow Saves Horseflesh

your team will do more work, 25% easier, with
this JDiso Harrow, because it has no tongue to batter
them on the sides, and yank them nearly off their
feet. The picture ulmost tells the wholo story of the

Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow

This remarkable improvement in Disc Harrows
has a Front Truck instead of a pole. Team gets
r ight down to business no worry, no neck weight , no
side draft. Our sales of tho JletroItTongueless
Illic II urroiv are enormous. It’s just wliat thol
farmers want. It pays for itself In saving of time,
labor and horseflesh. Helps you out in tho busy
season, when time is cash . Write at /'
once for our Special proposition.

Ask for our on-time terms, if not
convenient to pay now. Send
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of our 12
sizes.

Each
machine
fully

guaranteed,

American
Harrow
Co..

1616 Hastings St.,

Detroit. Mich.

made
by the Trust

A

1965.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

635

Hope Farm Notes

Fruit Sales. — The early apples and Clapp s
pears are about gone. Some were sold on the
farm, and others were sent to New 1 ork.
Here is one commission return:

0 baskets apples at 7.5 cents. ........ $4.50

It) baskets pears:

6 at 75 cents. . . .

4 at 02 Vi cents. . . 7.00

18 baskets pears:

4 at 75 cents, ................

12 at 00 cents. . . *

2 at 50 cents. ............... • 1L-Q

$22.70

Commission . *2.27

Freight, etc . 3.84 6.1.1

when site
bother with

No

$16.59

one will get rich on this business of
giving one-third for selling, yet this is much
Letter than many fruit growers do. I know
plenty of cases where 50 per cent ana 00
per cent must be given to the handler, i had
one such case this year. The market was shv
of apples, and we were told that good wind¬
falls would bring a fair price. I told the
bovs to use their best judgment and pick up
what they could. They made a big shipment,
rather suspiciously large I thought, when I
came home at night and saw it at the station.
The next morning I went to the city and
thought I would' walk by and see how tine the
apples were. The commission man saw me
coming:

"Say. we must keep an eye on these Jersey
farmers.” lie said.

tage of a washing machine is that a stout
child can turn the crank and relieve Mother
of from one-half to two-thirds of the hand
rubbing. That is the theory, but the fact is
that our machine has been used but little since
the lirst necessity. The various women who
have washed for us have mostly looked with
scorn upon the machine. One of them ex¬
pressed t lie sentiment of the rest
said: "I ain't got no time to
that !”

She preferred to double over tiie tub in the
old-fashioned wav. but then she had back and
arms like an oak tree. I think a machine
would be a Help in the average farm family.
During this hot weather I would make wash¬
ing and ironing as easy as possible; in fact,
I would let most of the ironing go. I have
seen a case lately where a hard-working
woniafi, jiot strong naturally, toils and' sweats
every week standing and ironing her daugh¬
ter's white clothes. This girl is strong and
hearty, and she ought to be made to do this
work herself. Her mother is making a great
mistake in thus adding to her own burdens
at t lie washtub and ironing board under the
mistaken idea that the girl really appreciates
such service. Ii.v all means, let the girl do it.
The exercise will d'o her good, the soapsuds
will make life sweeter, and the starch will
stiffen character as well as clothes.

All Sorts. — I am often asked if one
will not poison the ground for another,
example, a reader in Georgia says he
hear a that oats wil poison the soil for
bags so that the two crops should never

so that he would grow up to respect and
trust you, there could lie no tiner combination.
The problem is to find him. Most of the
children of whom we hear are little things
unable to give much beside annoyance and
care in return for wbat you offer. When a
child gets large enough to work and earn
something his parents or guardians suddenly
see that he is of great value. I wish I could
be the means of placing 50.000 boys in good
country homes. u. w- c.

crop

For

has

cab

some

•What's the matter now?

of

show
up

you,” and he called a couple

•I'll

men . , ,

•Now,” he said, “pick out any package of
your fruit that you like !”

‘ I picked out two that looked well,
men opened the packages
apples into a tub. Now. my
package, and it was Hope
am sorry to admit that it

The

and poured the
name was on t lie
Farm fruit, but I
was the worst lot
of stuff I ever saw. There were rotten
wormy apples mixed all through the good
ones. In their desire to make a big shipment
the boys had plastered my reputation all over
with rotten fruit.

There wasn't a thing I could say. It was
one of those solemn occasions when silence is
eloquent. You can imagine my feelings as I
stood tli ere and saw customers come along
and inspect my apples! They would shako

their heads, say "
name on the tag !

The commission
and all I could do
in the field.

“I have heard
men.” he said ;
farmers?”

He finally sold
package and the

No! No!" and look at the

man was at bat that day.
was to chase long Hies out

about these commission
"how about these honest

11 baskets for $3! The
freight cost as much for
these 27-cent baskets as for those he sold at
$1. and now. for a long time, he will examine
every Hope Farm basket before he sells it!

1 toid th<> boys what it meant to graft rotten
apples on my reputation. Now. when they
make a shipment I want to know if it is safe
for me to go down and see them unpacked.
They say “Yes!” and I have been sovera.
times, and though the commission people
would like to catch us again they haven t:
done it yet. I often hear farmers say that
commission men cheat them. I wonder i.f
sometimes there isn't something like our rot¬
ten apple experience back of it. I have no
doubt that if they hadn't held that fruit right
up in my face where I could see it the boys
would have stoutly claimed that it was all
right when it left the farm ! It is human
nature to take the credit, and hand the dis¬
credit to some one else. It is a blessing in
disguise to have the rotten apples in your
package strung right around your neck now
and then. They do not make a fragrant neck¬
lace, but they are a useful reminder. It now
looks ns if apples will bring lots of money
this year. There will be an unusual tempta¬
tion to put small and rotten fruit in the pack¬
age. Don’t yield to it !

Alfalfa. — If we don't get a good and per¬
manent stand this time — we will get up and
try it again. As soon as the Japanese millet
was off the ground we hauled about 15 loads
of good manure to the acre and plowed it
well under. Then the field was harrowed five
times. Then lime at the tyte of 1.000
pounds per acre was broadcast and harrowed
in. Then Alfalfa seed at the rate of 30
pounds per acre was broadcast evenly and
covered with the Acme, the blades .being put
down fiat. Not satisfied with this, we dug
soil out of the best parts of the old Alfalfa
field and scattered it over the new ; then
rolled it all smooth. Later if need be, 1 am
prepared to use 400 pounds of a »ood fer¬
tilizer in addition to all tills. It would seem
as if this ought to make the stuff grow, but
I am not a betting man, even on a sure thing.

I want the Alfalfa though. If I can' get five
acres of it well started my stock will
be pretty well insured for a Winter’s dinner.

I am satisfied of one thing. These people
who claim that Alfalfa wil! grow anywhere,
no matter what kind of soil you have, don't
know what they are talking about. Again
those people who say that Alfalfa will re¬
store worn-out land without being fed ought
to be made* to do hard farm work on on° meal
a day.

Indoor Machinery. — It seems that we all
have our labor troubles. I supposed it was
easier at the South to find indoor help, but
here is evidence from South Carolina :

“I see that you too have been having times
with the cook problem. I am in the same
fix just now. Mv wife is a good cook, but it
is too hard on her these hot days, with all
her sewing to do. She was a schoolma'am too
before she decided to cast lots with a farmer.
What I wish to ask you most of all .just now
is what kind of a washing machine you use ;
we never have had one.” t. p. p.

No use talking, the washing problem dur¬
ing these hot days is a tough one. The
starch put into the clothes represents starch
taken out of the laundress. Our washing ma¬
chine is called the St. Louis. I got it some
years ago. when we had scarlet fever in the
house, and no one would come to help. The
rubbing is done by two curved boards fluted
so that the ridges rub the clothes when put
between them. A crank when turned gives a
peculiar motion to those hoards — a good imi¬
tation of the human hand against the wash'
board. I suppose it is fair to say that about
the limit of this machine’s work is to take 80
per cent of the dirt from the clothes. The
neckbands and wristbards must all be done
by hand, and some hand rubbing must be done
to all the clothes. We may fairly compare
the work of a washing machine to that of a
two-horse cultivator. The manufacturers
sometimes sav that no hand hoeing is needed
with their machines. Farmers know that
some hand work pays, no matter how skill
fully the cultivators are used. The advan-

together in this way. Another says Unit you
cannot get a good crop of potatoes after cab¬
bage. My opinion is that suoh observers mis¬
take poverty for poison. The oat crop is a
surface feeder, and makes a quick growth in
a short time. Therefore this crop will be
sure to get about all the available fertility
I here is in t lie land. Now cabbage is an¬
other crop that makes a strong, hearty growth
in a short time, and it must have a rich sup¬
ply of plant food. Few cases of the big heat
are developed on thin opportunity. When
you follow oats with cabbage and do not fer¬
tilize or manure heavily of course the cab¬
bages fail because there is nothing to make
them succeed. I know from experience that
if you will manure an oat stubble you can
raise a fair crop of cabbage. Suppose a renter
named Brown took a farm and skinned it.
plowed up all the sod and got all he could out
of the soil. Another man named Smith
takes the farm and finds that the soil will
not produce anything. We would not say
that Brown always curses or poisons the soil
for Smith — while men named Jones or Whitt
might succeed on it ! We mustn't mix up
poverty with poison — though one may seem
as bad as the other. . . . Since the rains

came the strawberries are jumping. We
plowed out part of the old Marshall, field,
leaving strips of plants about IS inches
wide. These have been cleaned out, and we
shall thin out the plants so that they stand
almost one foot apart all over. This requires
great finger work, but we expect to be paid
next year in big. red berries. We are trans
planting large layer plants in various parts
of the farm. We make the planting place
clean to begin with. Then on a strip about
two feet wide a good dressing of fertilizer
is scattered r-r.d well raked in. Then two
lines are run along this strip — 18 inches
• apart. We (Vig big layer plants from the
rows set out last Spring, keeping a ball of
dirt around the roots. These plants are set
on the lines I have mentioned — two feet
apart — alternating so that there is a plant
each foot of the double row. By laying down
the two strongest runners from each plant
and keeping the weeds all out we have a
fair crop next year and a big one the year
following. These double rows are placed
four feet apart. We are also setting plants
in the rows between the currant bushes as
fast as the potatoes are dug out. These
plants, well fed and kept free from runners,
will produce beautiful fruit, for the Marshall
colors to perfection in the shade. All this
hand' work is in line with our plan to crowd
such crops on the lower farm — giving the
hills to fruit . . . Our own onion crop

is not equal to last year's. The maggots
hurt, and the dry weather kept the onions
from growing Now they are doing better,
and we shall have some good ones after all.

During the dry weather the ragweed
made but a feeble growth, but when the
showers came the weed spread like magic
all over the lower fields. We shall clip this
growth about the middle of August and let
it lie on the ground among the young trees.

I regard! ragweed as a good thing for a
fruit grower. It appears to gather potash
and. when cut before it seeds and left on the
ground, it makes good mulch. I wish I
had more of it in the orchards. ... I
have very few things to brag about at Hope
Farm, but T would like to have some of our
cultivating friends see a little block of Car¬
man peach trees planted on a rocky ledge.
There is barely a foot of soil over the solid
rock in manv places. The trees were planted
last May in small holes without cultivation
or manure. All they have had is a heavy
mulching of weeds taken from life onions and
strawberries. Those have been piled in some
cases two feet high around these trees, and
you ought to see them now. They were little
.Tune buds when planted, but now some of
them stand higher than my head, though
they are headed only a foot or so from the
ground. The color of the leaves and the
thrift of the trees must be seen to be appre'
ciated. T regret to say that other peach trees
on the farm are much inferior to these, yet
they show the possibilities of mulching, and
I now know that we should have trees grow¬
ing near the garden.

Boy Labor. — The
Pennsylvania states
expressed :

“I want, a boy from 13 to 15 years old (or
one strong enough to lift a can of milk from
a wagon to milk block) to work on farm.
He must be able to speak and understand
English, one whom we can take in our fam¬
ily. (We have no “servants’ quarters.”.)

I want to hire until December 1. The right
kind of a boy will be allowed to work for
board and go" to school through the Winter.
At present I am paying $8 per month with
board.” L. w. m. e.

I think vou will find it harder to get such
a boy than it would be to find a man. Yet
here ‘is a good chance for some stout boy to
find a good home and save a little money.
At about the age of such a boy I was sent
to work as errand boy in a city store. If
I could have spent the growing years in some
such homo as I take this one to be I would be
better off now. I fear, however, that you
will have a job finding the boy. If you take
one of that age out of an institution the
chances are that he will bring habits to the
farm that will blister your ideas of morality
If vou take one from a private home his
parents or friends will be in constant fear
that you will work him too hard. If you
could "find an orphan with hope and ambition
still left, in him. and give him a good home.

following letter
a want which is

from

often

Want Power?

Steam’s ths dependable thing. Cheapest and made
simple enough and sale
enough for any user and
any purpose by

LEFFEL

Steam Engines.

LefTcl stands always for
highest efficiency — w e I 1
shown in its line of small
powers adapted to farm
uses. Quick steamers and
equal to any duty.
Many styles In up¬
rights and horizon¬
tals. Pet ore you buy
inquire Into Leffel
efficiency. Write tor
largo free catalog.

The James
Leif el & Co.,

Box 1 60
Springfleld.O.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3ks 11 . P.
engine at half

price. _ _

C. H. A. Dissinger & Bro.

400 Cherry Street

Wriglitsvllle, Peuiia,

PALMER

gasoline Engines

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $260.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

A POPULAR ENGINE AT
THE RIGHT PRICE.

Our.l-H.P." BEAT ’EM ALL”
Pumper, only $110. Our3L tol-
H.P. “WATERLOO BOY"
only $125. Write for illus¬
trated catalogue.

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.

Waterloo, - Iowa.

Thresher, Ensilage Culter, Separator,
Churn, Butter-Worker and Every Other
Farm and Dairy Machine can be run
with labor-saving, money-making ease
by the

EVER-READY

Stoddard
Gasolene Engine

The most useful and indispensable
power on the farm. Can be unhitched
from one machine and hitched to another
in a moment. Uses less gasolene, does
more work, saves more time. Greatest
capacity in proportion*to size. Buy the
Stoddard and you buy the Best. W rite
for our elegant New Catalog EH

Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for " C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

S5 Warren St., New York.

40 Dearborn St., Chicago.

40 Ncrth ith St , Philadelphia.

Tenieute-Rey 71,

239 Franklin St., Boston
234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W.
Havana. Cuba.

Don’t think

that all gasoline
engines are
troublesome and
expensive.

Some of them
are, but the

I. H.

GASOLINE ENGINES

are so simple in construction, and so safe in operation that any
one can use them. They are so economical in first cost and in
operation that every one can afford one. They are built to meet

the needs of the man who wants an engine “to run itself,” and are
especially adapted to farm use. Ideal for running ensilage and feed cutters,
pumping water, sawing wood, husking, shredding, grinding feed, separa¬
ting milk, etc. Vertical, 2, 3, 5 H. P; Horizontal and Portable, 6, 8, 10, 12,
15 H. P. Call on the International Dealer and let him show you how
simple, durable and economicaJ they are. Or write for catalogue showing
their use on the farm.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER GO. OF AMERICA,

(INCORPORATED.)

7 Monroe Street, Chicago.

636

August 26,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PARER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Du. Walter Van Fleet, i . ,

Mas. K. T. Hoyle, ^ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. tid., or 8»/2 marks, or HU/2 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
Protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of (he time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yobkkr when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 26, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent fanners who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Will any readers who have had experience in ship¬
ping produce by trolley cars please tell us about it? We
want to know how much it costs, whether the system
is satisfactory, and what drawbacks to it have turned up.

*

Are there any insurance companies who consider
lightning rods in writing a policy for country property?
Most of the large companies seem to think that a well-
placed rod is a protection, but they are not prepared to
consider rodded buildings a better risk. At the same
time we must remember that many of these larger com¬
panies are not insuring much farm property. We would
like to hear from the mutual or Grange insurance com¬
panies, which now do most of the farm insurance busi¬
ness.

*

I he new Edison storage electric battery is now said to
be ready for the market. Great things were expected
from this device. It was claimed that a windmill or other
power could be used to generate electricity, and that
this light battery when stored could be picked up by two
men and carried to any point on the farm where work
was required. Thus it was hoped that the farm power
problem would be solved, but the actual facts do not
seem to give much body to these dreams. The battery
seems to be designed for running automobiles at a high
speed. It will weigh about 40 pounds per horse power,
and can be charged only from a regular dynamo. It is
quite likely that the principle will be in time applied so
that most small machines can be operated, but the trou¬
ble on the farm will be to generate the electricity. The
cost of a dynamo and fixtures is considerable, and wind
power is out of the question.

*

I he references to weed growth in Ruralisms, page
624. remind us that a weed is botanically merely a plant
out of place. It may be a burden to the gardener in one
place, and a beneficent ally in another. That optimistic
reference to ragweed in Hope Farm Notes, however,
would not be endorsed by any fruit grower inclined to
hay fever! The pollen of this plant is intensely irritat¬
ing to sensitive nostrils. When at the scattering stage
it shakes out very readily, and a trip through a ragweed
plantation is punctuated by a chorus of pathetic sneezes.
Common weeds are not without use, however; witness
the plump and juicy purslane. We used to know a, place
along shore where the pigs were fed all Summer on a
diet composed chiefly of purslane, with horseshoe crabs
to supply protein, and how fat and cheerful those pigs
were ! The fact is, weeds are weeds largely because we
don’t fully understand their place in the economy of
nature.

*

The great majority of the prize essays on garden
f plans were written by women. It seems fair to say that
on many American farms the vegetable supply would be
limited pretty nearly to potatoes, turnips and cabbage if
it were not for the work of women and children. In
some cases an elderly man unable to do hard farm work,
takes care of the garden, and thus helps the farm more
than the strongest member of the family. One of the
prizes was won by the wife of a western renter. On
the small piece of land which is given the family rent

free this woman and her boy raise an amount of food
that is astonishing. It appears that most of those who
wrote the essays have been obliged to work out most of
their plans without much outside help. There seems to
be little in print that will really help such gardens. Most
books on gardening are aimed either at the expert mar¬
ket gardeners or at amateurs who have plenty of time,
and they often miss the mark. The woman who steals
time from her household duties to grow vegetables does
not find great help in such books. Yet she hoes out
results that would shame the authors.

*

We have paid little attention to the rumors that Sec¬
retary of Agriculture James Wilson is to retire from the
Cabinet. Mr. Wilson is an honest man. The Agricul¬
tural Department has been made large under his man¬
agement. He should remain and make it strong and
great. The Ohio Farmer takes half seriously the report
that James W. Wadsworth of New York is to head the
Department. We credit President Roosevelt with too
much political sense to make such an appointment. By
his course in opposing the legislation against fraudulent
oleo Mr. Wadsworth incurred the hostility of farmers.
To put him in the Cabinet would be just about as safe
for the administration as it would be to put a hornet’s
nest in a bedroom! Mr. Wadsworth’s name is often
“suggested’’ for political office. Some years ago the
papers stated that he was being “mentioned” as a
candidate for Governor. That was only a feeler on the
part of politicians to see how the people felt. They
found out, for many farmers wrote at once to Mr. Odell,
chairman of the Republican committee, telling him they
would not vote for Mr. Wadsworth on account of his
oleo record. Tp put such a man in the Cabinet now
that the oleo men threaten to open the question once
more would be about the biggest political blunder that
has been made in recent years.

*

On page 604 we referred to the balance of trade be¬
tween this country and Europe. I he Government figures
show that we sell nearly $400,000,000 worth more than
we buy, but there are other accounts. We pay freight
for carrying our goods to foreign ship owners, and our
people spend many millions each year in European
travel. J here is still another drain which we have not
mentioned. Millions are sent to the old country each
year by foreigners who earn money here, and send it to
friends and relatives on the other side. A curious case
of this is reported in the N. Y. Sun :

Russian peasants are not deprived of land, for all received
small holdings after the abolition of serfdom. The peasant
families have divided and subdivided these holdings until
they are undoubtedly too small. It is a fact, however, that
there is a continual increase in the quantity of land owned
by I he peasantry and the large estates are being correspond¬
ingly reduced. We have personal knowledge of peasants
who went to America for no other purpose than to earn
money to increase their land holdings at home. They know
just, what land they wish to buy, and in two instances the
writer knows that the necessary money has been sent from
America, and t lie land lias been purchased by the wives of
the immigrants, who intend to return and spend the rest of
their days on their increased holdings.

We think there is more of this than is generally sup¬
posed. If we add this money to that spent by Ameri¬
cans abroad we would soon wipe out our supposed bal¬
ance, and find that Uncle Sam is not only carrying his
own farm, but a lot of strangers as well.

*

When we began to talk about fence wire faint hearts
on every side begun to shake their heads and say that
nothing could be done. We are happy to say that we
got over worrying about people who cry “impossible”
over 20 years ago. So we went ahead, confident that
public sentiment can force any manufacturer or combi¬
nation to play fair. We were told that manufacturers
would pay no attention to complaints about wire. The
following letter is an answer to that, and also a record
of progress :

We have been aware for some time that galvanized wire
does not stand’ as well as it used to, and as rar as this
company is concerned we say to you frankly that we are
sparing no pains nor money in our efforts to make a gal¬
vanized wire that will meet t lie requirements of the trade.

We do not believe that the present deterioration of spelter
is due to the composition of the steel, because the steel
is just as good to-day as it was years ago, when the wire
stood up better, but we think we have solved the problem,
and feel quite conlid'ent that we have produced galvanized
wire for some time past, and will continue to do so in
future, which will give entire satisfaction. We assure you
that we are just as much interested in this proposition as
anyone can possibly he. and it is our aim and intention to
furnish the farmer a wire that will stand as long as any
fence can he expected to last. Of course climatic conditions
in some sections will affect the fence quicker than in other
sections, no matter how good it is.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO.

It is evident that the American farmer has been tak¬
ing a hand in the wire discussion. You might stick a
postage stamp on a fence wire without much hope that
it would prevent rusting. When you stick the postage
stamp on an envelope with the right sort of a letter in¬
side you do a good job of galvanizing. The right sort
of a letter contains a complaint about modern wire, a

demand for better goods, and an offer to pay a fair price
for guaranteed wire. That is the kind of galvanizing
which farmers have been doing, and it is bearing fruit.
We have always claimed as a general proposition that
farmers will get what is fair if they will first think out
what they need, and then go to work with their postage
stamps patiently and fearlessly. If we will all work
together we shall have in time a Government test for
wire which will correspond to the present tests for feeds
and fertilizers. Then we shall know what to order, and
the manufacturers will be obliged to sell what we want.
Keep at it !

*

There are farmers in this country who rise up once in a
while and assert their rights. When they strike the blow
comes like the kick of a steer. It isn’t graceful or accord¬
ing to fashionable rules, but there is a power in it that
commands respect. A farmer in a New England State
has some wild land on which grows a quantity of laurel.
1 his plant has a commercial value, the same as apples,
sugar or hardware. During the Summer a good many
city people live or board in the neighborhood. As usual
such people consider a farmer’s orchard or wild land as
common property, and proceed to help themselves to
what they want. The farmer posted his farm and
warned people away, yet still they came. One day the
farmer met a good-sized party of men and women, each
with a good armful of laurel, which they had gathered
on his farm. According to usage he ought to have
smiled and addressed them about as follows :

Good day, friends, I am glad to have you visit the
farm. Make yourselves at home. Take some more of
that laurel, help yourselves to apples— in the next field
you will find some good raspberries. Go down to the
house and have some milk, which you will find in the
dairy. Take a few eggs along with you. and don’t for¬
get to eat a piece of cake which my wife will give you.
As a farmer I am proud to have you come and help me
dispose of my produce !”

He might have talked that way, but he didn’t. He
ordered all hands to throw down that laurel and get off
the premises, or take the consequences ! There wasn’t
anything else to do, and it was a great thing to see vari¬
ous captains and privates of industry throw down their
laurels at the farmer’s feet! That farmer ought to be
publicly thanked. Suppose lie had gone into a store or
factory and helped himself to 25 cents’ worth of goods!
Yet why would he not have as much right to do so as
people have to tramp over his farm and help themselves
to what they see and fancy? Farmers will have more
laurels thrown at their feet when they stand up for their
rights.

BREVITIES.

Now the ben goes on a vacation.

Watch the calf for mange and lice.

Now begin paying attention to Miss Pullet.

We do not need new fruits as we do better culture of the
old ones.

We are now getting a taste of the floods which soaked
many sections earlier in the season.

A big surplus of idle money Is a temptation. Better keep
your money at work — if you get any.

To brood over things which cannot be helped is worse
than a setting lieu trying to hatch stones.

Down in many a farm cellar are jars and casks contain¬
ing eggs in the water-glass solution. That means omelet
and custard while the hens are resting.

There seems to he a great development of the business of
making blocks or stones of sand and cement. It looks like
a simple operation, but care must be taken in mixing and
packing.

A Milwaukee factory was recently entirely tied' up for
a day in consequence of a sudden and overwhelming inva¬
sion of fleas. This may bo regarded as a convincing example
of the power of united action.

Take care of the stegomyias and anopheles, and the culexes
will take care of themselves; in other words, get rid of
every mosquito you can, whether lie is suspected of yellow
lever, malaria, or just plain thirst for gore.

In the fiscal year for 1903 71,804,102 pounds of oleo
were made in this country. Last year the figures were
48,071,480 pounds — this year 49,880,982 pounds. The
largest increase is in colored oleo — there being but 153,754
pounds more of uncolored made this year.

A C alifornia man says that electrified eggs constitute
the true elixir of life. lie lays coils of wire around the
nests, and turns on the current when the hens lay: the
eggs when eaten form a tonic. We have met with restaurant
eggs calculated to give the consumer a shock, but it was not
of the electric variety.

It is said that John I). Rockefeller is trying the “Kneipp”
cure that is, walking through t lie wet grass every morn¬
ing with bare feet, it is said that this form of a dew
bath makes a man regard trouble and ill health as Dewey
regarded the Spaniaids at Manila. A surer way to health
and happiness would l>e to get into the position of the
workingman who goes barefoot, because he cannot raise the
price of boots or shoes.

Mr. Mead, of Massachusetts, told us how deer are pro¬
tected by the laws in that State. A farmer recently lost
his entire cabbage crop. To shoot the deer would have cost
him more than he could make in several years. lie sat
down and made out his bill, and after some red tape the
State officers gave him a warrant for $200. The old Massa¬
chusetts farmers enforced their rights with a bullet. Pen
and ink seems to be safer and more profiatble in these days.

1B05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

637

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The total death list in the department
store collapse at Albany, N. Y., August 8, was 13; the
property loss is put at $500,000. . . . The yellow fever
situation in New Orleans is improving slightly. Up to
August 15 the total number of eases was 1,0^9, with 173
deaths. The mortality percentage is said to be lessening.

. .. . Illinois will in future allow no messengers to ac¬
company banana trains passing through that State. The
trains can go through without stopping, but they must not
be accompanied by messengers. The cause of the new
order is said to be the discovery of mosquitoes in the cars.
Bananas have been declared contraband of quarantine at
New Orleans. The fruit cars, being open, cannot be fumi¬
gated satisfactorily and mosquitoes may be found in them.
On order from Washington no bananas will be allowed to
be shipped from New Orleans to any point north or south
during the rest of the season. Many complaints have been
raised against the order of Surgeon-General Wyman pro¬
hibiting the shipment of bananas from New Orleans as be¬
ing in excess of the powers enjoined by the United States
Marine Hospital Service. The fruit company proposed to
unload at I’orl Chalmette, just below New Orleans, and ship
them thence directly to northern cities. This was agreed
to by Dr. White, but the health officers in St. Bernard, in
which parish Chalmette is situated, objected and the plan
cannot be carried out in consequence. Florida is suspicious
of Atlanta and requires passengers from that city to pre¬
sent health certificates. The quarantine trouble between
Illinois and Kentucky has been finally settled. The Ken¬
tucky State authorities complained that Illinois health
officers boarded trains in Kentucky and put off in that
Slate passengers not supplied with health certificates and
refused to honor the Kentucky certificates. Illinois replied
that some of the Kentucky towns were selling the certi¬
ficates without any investigation of the purchasers. Under
the compromise reached, tiie Kentucky authorities will re¬
scind the issue of certificates, while the Illinois inspectors
will not put off any passengers in Kentucky. In a manner
intended not to arouse the combativeness of inhabitants
of cities in the yellow fever districts where local quar¬
antines have been established the l’ostofflce Department
is instructing railroads having mail carrying contracts
that it expects the government pouches to be moved with
as much dispatch as possible. In some portions of Louis¬
iana, Mississippi and Texas passenger trains are not per¬
mitted to stop, and in some few instances the service has
been discontinued by the railroads. Officials of the Post-
office Department do not consider the interference with
tills service a sufficient excuse by the railroads for failure
to carry the mails. The railroads have been informed that
th(> department expects the mails to be moved in some
manner— if not on passenger trains, then on freights, or, if
not on freights, on handcars, or by any other means that
can be adopted. The instructions are not meant to en¬
courage the railroads to enter into conflict with authorities
of towns that have established quarantines. It is believed
that no objection will be found to the transfer of malls
In the quarantined districts if no attempt is made by the
railroads to discharge passengers at the quarantined sta¬
tions. 'I'he department has ordered the closing of the post-
office at Vinton, La., on account of the local quarantine.
No mail trains now run into Vinton, and until they do the
department will not reopen the office. . . . August 8 a
peculiar accident tied up the Pine Bush branch of the Erie
Railroad, near Middletown, N. Y.. when a locomotive sud¬
denly began to sink, the roadbed dropping 10 feet. The
engine turned on one side, the engineer jumping and escap¬
ing injury. Another engine, sent to drag the first one out.
also sank, with another section of the track. The spot
where the engines sank is known as the bottomless pit.
It has caused the road a great deal of trouble, and its
mysteries have been the talk of railroad men for many
years. When the road was built, about 35 years ago, the
bones of a mastodon were found at this spot, and when the
attempt to make a roadbed was made thousands of car¬
loads of trees, rocks and dirt were dumped in, only to bo
swallowed up in a short time. This gave the spot its name.
Heavy timbers were placed under the engines to pre¬
vent them from sinking out of sight, and a track lyas built
around the dangerous spot. . . . The Appellate Division,

Second Judical District of New York, lias handed down a
decision written by Presiding Judge Ilirschberg in the ac¬
tion brought by Albert It. Galloway of Monroe, Orange
county, against the Erie railroad. lie shipped a carload of
live stock from Buffalo to Monroe, and It was on the road
35 hours. One animal was dead and several were dam¬
aged bv the long confinement without food and water.
Judge Maddox in June, 1004, dismissed the complaint, hold¬
ing that the railroad was exempted by the uniform live
stock contract signed by Mr. Galloway. The Appellate Di¬
vision holds that the railroad is liable because of negli¬
gence and under the State law which prohibits the confin¬
ing of live stock for longer than ‘24 hours without food and
water. . . . William Henry Myers, a chauffeur, was con¬
victed at Philadelphia, Pa.. August 11. of involuntary man¬
slaughter and sentenced to 18 months’ imprisonment for
running down and killing five-year-old Eldon Sarver on
June 26. At the trial it was in evidence that Myers was
driving the machine in a rapid and negligent manner. . . .
In tiie action brought bv James Guffev. president of the
Gulf Refining Company, against the Illinois Central and
Louisville and Nashville Company and others, for alleged
violation of the interstate commerce law through discrim¬
inating rates in favor of the Standard Oil Company, the
railroad companies capitulated without a show of fight.
The attorneys for the Louisville and Nashville and the
Illinois Central filial their briefs reciting a new tariff cor¬
recting the discriminations complained of by President
Guffey. It was shown in the argument that the rate per
lot) pounds on Texas oil northward from New Orleans to
Chicago was 41 cents, and the rate southward was but 23.
The rate from New Orleans to Cincinnati was 39 cents and
southward 22. From New Orleans to St. Louis and Louis¬
ville northward the rate was 35 cents and southward 18.
The answer of the railroad companies August 11 puts the
northward tariff at precisely the same rates as for Standard
Oil going south. . . . Fire in the John Simmons pipe¬

bending works at Newark. N. .1., August 13. caused a loss
iTf 8100,000. . . . Suits have been brought in the Pulaski

Countv. Ark., circuit court against the Hammonds, Cudahy
and Swift packing companies. Each corporation is sued
for $00,000 penalties and forfeiture of authority to do busi¬
ness in the State. There are two counts in each complaint,
as follows: First— That the company violated the law by
doing business in the State while a member of a combina¬
tion to control the selling price of meats and by being a
member of such combination while doing business in the
State. Second— That flu* company violated the law by be¬
ing a member of a combination to control the price to be
paid for cattle. . . . The Pennsylvania State Dairy and

Food Commission has begun war on the beef trust in Pitts¬
burg through H. L. Banzhoflf. special agent in Pittsburg.
Swift & Co., of Chicago were charged with criminal viola¬
tion of the pure food laws. The information was preferred
against .T. I>. Taylor, the local manager for the Chicago
firm. The specific charge is selling frankfurter sausages and
Ashland hams containing boracic acid. Samples of these
products were obtained and an analysis was made. The
State commission has tired of prosecuting retail dealers
who are backed bv the trust and in the future will strike
at the heads. Heretofore only local dealers were sued for
violations of the law. In almost every instance they as¬
serted that the meat was In the same condition as it was
when received from the packers. The fines, however, were
Imposed upon the dealers, and it is said that the beef houses
made good the amounts with the dealers. When the pure
food agents were specially active in Pittsburg and vicinity
the trust concern paid out large amounts to reimburse
dealers for heavy fines Imposed. The move against the
trust will extend throughout the State. Following up the
move made in Pittsburg, the agents will begin criminal
prosecutions against meat dealers in various parts of the
Commonwealth. The real defendants will be the companies
constituting the trust. . . .Twelve lives were sacrificed
by a trainman’s blunder in a head-on crash of a Nickel
Plate passenger train and a freight at Kish man’s switch on
the shore of Lake Erie, near Vermillion. Ohio, August 13.
In the path of the approaching flier the engine crew of the
freight carelessly delayed their train. The engine of the
passenger train, running 50 miles an hour, plowed through
the boiler of the monster freight engine before it, and the

crash broke coaches into splinters and snapped and twisted
heavy steel. . . . October 2 has been set as the first trial
day for the twenty-four packers and lawyers and live cor¬
porations indicted on charges of combining in restraint of
trade, accepting rebates and interfering with Government
witnesses. Hundreds of witnesses will appear at the new
Federal building, Chicago, to testify for the Government.
The United States District Attorney, C. B. Morrison, had 20
subpoenas issued and secretly served August 12. The
papers are returnable October 2 in the United States Dis¬
trict Court. Issuance of these papers came as a surprise
to most of the packers, as they had been entirely igno¬
rant of the movement of the Government officials.

ADMINISTRATION.— The State Department was informed
August 9 that the New-York and Bermudez Asphalt Com¬
pany had lodged with the Venezuelan Government a pro¬
test against the recent decision of the Federal court
against that company. The protest will be made a part
of the records in the case, which is now under investiga¬
tion. ... In view of the prospect of disastrous results
to American manufacturers through the decision of the
German Government to end the tariff arrangement under
which the United States and’ Germany now operate. Presi¬
dent Roosevelt has decided to propose a treaty of amity
and commerce to Germany. The exact lines upon which
the treaty will be drawn have not been announced. Berlin
does not desire to renew the present arrangement, which
is no more than an agreement under which the two Gov¬
ernments have operated since 1870, the German Govern¬
ment taking over the treaty signed between tiiis Govern¬
ment and the King of Prussia in 1829. That treaty con¬
tained the most favored nation clause and since 1870 this
Government has enjoyed tariff privileges equal to those of
any other country. Next March the most favored nation
clause as it operates between the United States and Ger¬
many will be a dead letter, the German Government hav¬
ing so informed the United States. On February 22 last
the Reichstag by adopting a treaty of commerce with
Russia concluded the negotiations for seven similar trea¬
ties with European countries, including Russia, Italy, Rou-
mania, Switzerland, Servia and Austria-Hungary. The
treaties grant the products of those countries very low
rates, which give them great advantage over American
producers. ... A shakeup in the Pension Office may fol¬
low the disclosure August 15 that as a result of carelessness
on the part of four officials a pension for 11 vears was
allowed to a woman In Canada when she was entitled to
back pay for only a year. While the transaction involves
an excess allowance of only $1,600. Commissioner Vespa¬
sian Warner wants to know just how far such carelessness
extends in the bureau. Some time ago 10 pension review¬
ers were dismissed for having allowed the claims of sol¬
diers in a Pennsylvania regiment that had never been
mustered into the service. This and the blunder made in
connection with the claim of the Canadian woman may
prompt Commissioner Warner thoroughly to overhaul the
pension bureau.

TIIE PEACE CONFERENCE. — The first session of the
peace conference between the Russian and Japanese nleni-
potentiaries was held at the navy yard’ at Portsmouth. N.
II.. August 9. Extreme cordiality characterized the ses¬
sion. Baron Komura spoke Japanese, his secretajy, Mr.
Honda, translating it into French, while Mr. Witte spoke
entirely in French. It is understood that the 12 peace con¬
ditions proposed by the Japanese are: Recognition of
Japan’s preponderance of influence in Corea. Cession of
the Russian-Chinese Railway from Port Arthur to Harbin.
Transfer of authority over Port Arthur and the Liaotung
Peninsula. Cession of Sakhalin Island. Grant of fishing
privileges at the mouth of the Amur. Recognition of the
independence of China. The evacuation of Manchuria. The
granting of commercial privileges at Vladivostok. Transfer
of the interned ships. Limitation of Russia’s naval strength
in the Far East. Remuneration for the cost of the war.
Return to China of Russian mining privileges in Man¬
churia. The Russian reply was given August 12. To the
demands for an indemnity and the cession of Sakhalin the
reply is an absolute non possumus. Other points are ac¬
cepted as bases for discussion, while still others are ac¬
cepted conditionally. The envoys and their suites suffered
much from weather conditions at Portsmouth; intense heat
and incredible swarms of mosquitoes made everyone
wretched. _

NOTES FROM FLORIDA.

Hot Facts About Southern Railroads.

I have just read the Hope Farm Notes of .Tune 24. and
think they are about the best I ever read. We wish to thank
you for your unusually fair and candid notes concerning
Florida — the part you have seen. Conditions of course are
quite different in the southern part of the State, and we
hope some time you can come and see them and report. We
are very glad to have you on our side, and against the rail¬
roads and their extortions. The Florida East Coast Rail¬
road is a terror to the people in the south part of the State
depending upon it as an outlet for their produce. This road
is owned by Henry M. Flagler, and runs through the east
coast trucking and pineapple region. A bureau of infor¬
mation and immigration is maintained in Chicago by this
road, from which are sent out quantities of misleading state¬
ments to induce people to settle on their lands. If asked
about Cuban competition in pineapples they say Cuban pines
have to pay a duty and can never compete with Florida
pines. This season the road seems determined to crush
the pineapple industry in this part of the State. The rate
from Miami to Chicago is $1.04 per crate, and a few cents
less from places farther up. The road controls a steamship
line from Havana to Miami, and made a special rate on pines
from Havana to Chicago of 34 cents a crate; to Cincinnati
28 cents and other northern cities near those figures. I (To
not know whether these rates include the duty or not, but
the duty is but a small fraction of the exorbitant rate
charged us. Appealing to the State Railroad Commission or
Inter-State Commerce Commission does no good, as they say
these shipments originated at a foreign port, and we have
no jurisdiction in the matter. So that simmers it down to
a case of “what are you going to do about it?" For my
part, I think it is time we did something besides everlast¬
ingly protesting. What do the railroad magnates care for
our weak protests? They will not even obey the laws made
to curb their greed if it pleases them not to do so. Our
great grandfathers fought the Revolutionary War because
protests seemed to have no effect on England. Our grand¬
fathers fought the War of 1812 for the same reason. Our
fathers fought the Civil War for human rights and liberty,
and some of us fought in the Spanish War for the same
reason. Are we going to fold our hands and let the rail¬
roads plunder us and our children and our children's chil¬
dren forever?

I was pleased to see you get after that Philadelphia real
estate fraud, he with the countenance so “childlike and
bland.” Two years ago I wanted to sell a farm in Mich¬
igan. and had some correspondence with this man about sell¬
ing it. Before sending him the fee demanded in advance I
asked him about what the percentage of his sales were com¬
pared with the total amount of properties placed in his
hands for sale, and he promptly told me that was none of
my business, and I promptly decided to keep my business
and my money in my own hands. f. h. c.

Dade Co., Fla.

Winter Work in Florida.

I note your inquiry in regard to where people can find
employment In Florida, and also note that you visited Put¬
nam County last Winter, and that you did not think that
county afforded very much of an opportunity for laborers.
Your observation in that respect is quite right. Putnam
County is so far north that the orange industry is gradu¬
ally dropping out, and as the only business that is doing
anything at all to speak of in that section is turpentining,
there is not much opportunity for white labor. Farther
south, however, there is a good demand for labor. T know
of one man who would give employment to from 10 to 20
reliable hands, men who would not have to have a foreman
over them to keep them at work. Every Winter people in
the Manatee River section have trouble in securing com¬
petent help. On the East Coast in the Winter there is
always more or less demand for labor, and I am now paying
$1.50 a day for common labor on my pineapple plantation
at Boynton. During the Winter season, say from Novem¬
ber to April, there has always been a scarcity of help. I

do not believe a man would have any trouble whatever in
finding plenty of work by going to places on the East Coast
lik Delray, Fort Lauderdale, Little River and Miami during
the Winter months. I know a number of people who went,

down there to spend a few months of the Winter and have

become permanent citizens and have done well. Of course,
there are failures in any section, and 1 would not recom¬
mend anyone to go down there and invest except they had
spent one season there so they could tell just what the conn
try is like, because, as you know, a place that would suit

one person to a T would be a perfect bore to others. I do

not believe that good labor would have any trouble whatever
in finding all the employment it wanted, but we certainly
have all we want of the shiftless sort who are looking for
a soft snap and big pay. All of the best help that we get
here soon become property owners and have homes of their
own. I could give almost steady employment to 15 or 20
good hands who were not afraid of work. e. o. p.

Jacksonville, Fla.

FARM CONDITIONS IN EAST TEXAS.

Many reports have gone out as to the ravages of the boll-
weevil in Texas, and of course some of these are greatly
exagggerated. But the harm done is tremendous. Here in
East Texas the only crops raised, until the last three years,
were cotton and corn, with a little sugar cane on the bottom
lands. Few people knew how to grow any other crop. The
average cotton planter is both ignorant and exceedingly
conservative. He cannot be persuaded to try any other crop.
Probably three-fourths of the cultivated land was in cot¬
ton. It was the only money crop. Only enough corn was
grown to grind for bread, and possibly a little for the work
horse or mule. (The horse was only fed while being worked,
two months or so). Few of the planters cultivated more
than 20 acres, and much of that, was badly run down. All
of it was full of stumps. Land “cleared" before the Civil
War still had stumps in it. Many a planter’s entire set
of tools could have been bought for $5. The set consisted
of a “Georgia stock" (a small one-horse plow), with a set
of sweeps for the same, an ax and two or three hoes for
the women and children. Only a few of the small farmers
owned a wagon. There were almost no two-horse tools.
The plows, harrows, mowers, reapers, etc., of the northern
farmer were unknown. The nearest approach to a barn was
a small shed or two for storing cotton or corn. Of course
the house was furnished in a like manner. I can give the
northern person little idea of the poverty of the average
small farmer, both white and black, and this in a country
naturally fertile. Now take from this class of people three-
fourths of their cotton crop, and you have the condition as
at present. A few more careful "men “made" a half crop
last year — many made nothing. Our ginner handled 240
bales of cotton in 1903; rather a small crop. Last year he
ginned about 60. The only consolation is the higher price
cotton brings. A few people are leaving and going where
they can raise cotton.

In spite of this disaster to the southern king of crops,
land is rising in value near here. This is caused by the
truck and fruit growing interests, and they are backed by
northern people. Three big fruit companies are at work
near here, with many smaller firms clearing and planting
thousands of acres of land. This gives work to many who
might otherwise see pretty hard times. The boll-weevil is
teaching the lessons of better farming, rotation of crops,
slock raising, etc. The northern man is teaching the lessons
of thrift, hard work, better tools and stock, and tiie plan
of making every acre raise two crops every year. We raise
cow peas, sweet potatoes, Mexican June corn, sorghum, sec¬
ond crop potatoes, etc., after truck crops. Every crop ex¬
cept cotton and sugar cane fit this plan nicely. There are
some crops this country can grow to perfection. The soil
and climate seem especially well suited to peaches. Japan
plums and early apples, as well as truck crops. This was a
heavily timbered country naturally, magnificent oak and pine
growing together. Consequently there are few native grasses.
But when started several species do well, notably Bermuda.
I think Blue grass (Poa pratensis) will grow all Winter.
Alfalfa does well. Cow peas and peanuts are at home here,
so this could be a fine stock country. We have but little
Winter. No snow fell last year. Stock need but little shel¬
ter. There is a big demand for good horses and mules.
We have an abundance of wild land. I am a mile and a
half from a railroad, and from the back of my farm it is
eight miles to the nearest settler, all open woods. Rough
land can be had at from $7 to $12 per acre : partly cleared
land with a few shacks of houses can be nought for from
$10 to $15 per acre. Just near here we have settlers fro*n
five northern States and Canada, and no one of them wants
to sell out. We have good water, a fair soil, and the finest
climate outdoors. A timber cruiser from Wisconsin recently
told me the finest trees he ever saw grew here. The forest
is much more open than a northern pinery. Lumber sells at
the mill for from $5 to $12 per 1,000. This is certainly no
place for a man to come without money ; labor is very eliean.
But I think there is a good opening for a man with a small
capital who could not invest in the higher-priced lands of
the Middle States. I have no land to sell, and am not try¬
ing to boom Texas, but to give the facts for the young imi.,
who wants a home, and cannot get it on land of the hundred-
dollar kind. I left such land in Illinois, and don’t care to
return, “for the land's sake.” w. n. s.

Corn is backward, oats a good crop, selling for a cent a
pound. Grass heavy on rich ground, but very light on poor.
Apples an entire failure. .r. l. h.

Bainbridge, N. Y. _

BUSINESS BITS.

With manure spreaders, as with every other class of ma¬
chinery, each different make claims some special point of
vantage. To instance, take the Standard spreader, manu¬
factured by the Standard Harrow Co., Utica. N. Y. This
machine is possessed of many excellent features. There are
several in which it differs from all other spreaders. The
Standard is unquestionably one of the first spreaders that
should be considered by any one about to buy. The cata¬
logue of the company, both in illustration and in detailed
description, gives a very satisfactory idea of what the
machine is and does. It will be mailed to any one writing
for it.

Every user of a disc harrow will be interested in the
Detroit tongueless disc harrow, in the construction of which
a new principle is embodied, namely, the use of a forward
truck in place of a tongue. The truck does away with all
the faults of the ordinary disc harrow, as there is no pole
to “slam” the team around and worry them. It is made
by the American Harrow Co.. 16 Hastings Street. Detroit.
Mich., and includes in its construction all of the strong
features that have always been found in American harrows.
The company has just issued a catalogue devoted exclusively
to the Detroit tongueless disc harrow, and our readers can
get a free copy for the asking.

The question of roofing is becoming a more serious one
every year, as shingles become poorer and higher priced.
Even when good shingles are obtainable, the ordinary wire
nails used with them last but a few years, and a new roof
often becomes necessary while the shingles are yet good.
Paroid roofing, a durable felt roofing that Is used by many
farmers, poultrymen and dairymen, is now used by the
United States Department of Agriculture in its construc¬
tion work, and has also been adopted by the Panama Canal
Commission for use on all Government buildings erected
in the trying climate of the Isthmus. Every reader of this
paper should send for the Paroid booklet and a free sam¬
ple. It will give vou valuable pointers of economical build¬
ing. Address F. W. Bird & Son. East Walpole, Mass.

Facilities for manufacture and shipment should count for
something with purchasers of machinery. It does count in
the case of the American Saw Mill Machinery Company in
price, in promptitude, in superior designs embodying latest
improvements, in the grade of materials employed and In
workmanship. Their general offices are in, New York Citv.
but their great factoi ies are located at ITackettstown. N. J\.
right in the center of the coal, iron, steel, lumber and labor
markets of the country. The concern manufactures more
than saw mills. The line includes practically all kinds
of improved wood-workine machinery, such as shingle and
lath machines, edgers, trimmers, saw mill appliances, etc.
Readers of this paper who are buyers of anv of the above
machinery cannot do better than get in touch with the
American line.

638

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 26*

From Day to Day.

TERRA DOMES.

Above the deep-set valley
The mountain ranges rise;

Above (lie eloud'ed summits
The boundless skies.

Beyond the crested surges,

■ Broad plains of ocean are,

Beyond the dim horizons
The evening star.

Beyond, above the limits
Of toil and pain and strife,

O learns like a titful beacon
The blessed life.

Beyond Earth's quick mutations,

Bright hopes and glooms of fear —

Ah! but high Heaven affrights us,

Put home is here!

Sir Lewis Morris (born 1834).

*

“Nasturtium seed pods are now ready
to gather for pickling; we use them as
a substitute for capers in making a sauce
to eat with boiled mutton. Put the pods
to soak in weak brine for two days, then
in fresh water one day ; drain, put in
a jar, and cover with boiling vinegar.
The vinegar may be spiced if desired, but
if the pods are to be used in sauce they
are better unspiced

*

Finely grated horseradish moistened
with cream, so as to form a thick smooth
sauce is very nice with cold roast or
boiled beef. Another favorite uncooked
sauce for cold meat consists of solid
ripe tomato, skin and seeds removed, the
flesh being chopped fine; to it are added
a little finely chopped onion, sweet pep¬
per and celery, a bit of hot red pepper,
salt and vinegar to flavor. This sauce is
relished with fish or meat and it is very
quickly made.

*

Some very handsome lingerie hats have
been made from embroidered linen lunch
cloths or centerpieces. The cloth must
be circular, of course, having an embroid¬
ered design in the center and around the
edge. It is laid over a hat frame, pleated
down around the crown, fastened in
place, with the edge coming just over the
edge of the brim and then strapped into
place with a band of ribbon and a big
bow in front. The under side of the brim
is faced with net or chiffon. Such a hat
is not difficult to make, only the designer
must have the “know-how.” The lin¬
gerie hats of this season are not quit i
as “floppy” as they were last year; the
more elaborate ones are often trimmed
with bunches of flowers instead of rib¬
bon. They look especially well with a
linen jacket suit.

*

Newspaper reports state that farmers'
wives in the Middle West are rebelling
against the cooking of lavish feasts for
thrashers, the assertion being made that
in some districts all the women have
banded themselves together with binding
promises to provide simpler meals, in¬
stead of vying with e eh other in these
displays of dainties. We do not know
whether there is any foundation for these
reports, but we do think that unneces¬
sary burdens have been imposed upon the
women in many cases when providing for
the thrashing outfit. The plan followed
in many great wheat-raising sections of
the Northwest, where the thrasher has a
cooking and sleeping outfit for his em¬
ployees, seems to us right and just, and it
removes an extra burden from the house¬
keeper. The boarding of outside work¬
ers, whether thrashers or regular hired
men, adds enormously to the housework
of many fan s, and anything that light¬
ens it should be welcomed.

*

Courses of reading and lists of books
always vary according to the taste of the
compiler. The following list is given by
the Marchioness of Londonderry, in the

London Saturday Review, as suitable for
girls before the age of 12:

Nursery rhymes, Grimm's fairy stories.
Hans Andersen's fairy storips, Struwwelpeter,
Ehildren's Golden Treasury. Babies' Classics,
Miss Sewell's children’s works. Miss Edge-
worth's children's works. Captain Marryat's
works. Captain Ma.vne Reid's works. Miss
Yonge's Lances of Lynwood. Miss Yonge's
Prince and the Page. Miss Yonge's The Little
Duke, t lie Lambs’ Tales from Shakespeare.
Arabian Nights, Tom Brown's School Days,
Encle Tom's Cabin. Pilgrim's Progress. Swiss
Family Robinson. Robinson Crusoe, Sir L. Me-
Clintock's Voyage of the Little Fox. Alice in
Wonderland, .lungle Book, by Kipling: Self-
Help. by Smiles; The Heroes, by Kingley.

We should endorse this list very heart¬
ily, excepting only Captain Marryat, while
owning that this vivacious author was
included in our own reading at the age
mentioned. Hawthorne’s Wonder Book
and Tanglewood Tales should certainly
be included. Smiles’ Self-Help is often
dismissed by modern critics with a rather
patronizing smile, as a somewhat priggish
and dreary volume, yet we can recall no
other book that more strongly influ¬
enced us with entirely praiseworthy ideals
during the impressionable years between
10 and 14. Lady Londonderry advises a
list of historians and essayists for the
girl over 12. and concludes with the fol¬
lowing list of authors, with whom she
considers every girl should be familiar:

Horace Walpole. Lady Mary Wortley Mon
tagu. Miss Austen, Miss Yonge, Miss Sewell.
Mrs. Gaskell. Sir Walter Scott. Thackeray.
Lord Lylton, Dickens. Lord Macaulay, Fronde.
Carlyle, Raskin, Charles Reade, Matthew Ar¬
nold, Charles Lamb, R. D. Blackmore, Lord
Beaconsfield, Charles Kingsley. It. L. Steven¬
son. Goldsmith, Gibbon. Prescott, Madame de
Sevigne, G. Eliot, and of course Shakespeare.
Milton, Tennyson. And every girl should read'
the following particular books: Boswell’s Life
of Johnson, Smiles's works, Dr. Ball's works
on astronomy, Hugh Miller's Schools and
Schoolmasters and Old Red Sandstone. Ras¬
kin's Sesame and Lilies. Darwin’s works (if
tier teachers would permit it).

This is a vastly different list from the
“six best sellers,” but it means the per¬
manent culture that forms character and
judgment. ________

Pickles and Relishes.

Cauliflower Pickles. — Two cauliflowers,
broken un, one pint small onions, three
medium sized red peppers; dissolve half a
pint of salt in water sufficient to cover the
vegetables, and let stand over night;
drain in the morning ; steam the vege¬
tables until tender; heat two quarts of
vinegar with three level tablespoonfuls
of mustard (less if preferred) until it
boils ; pour over vegetables ; bottle and
seal.

Currant Catsup. — Ten pounds of cur¬
rants mashed and strained through a
cloth. Add one quart vinegar, five pounds
granulated sugar, three tablespoonfuls
cinnamon, two of allspice, one each of
cloves and salt, and one-half teaspoon
red pepper. Boil slowly one hour and
put up in small bottles.

Grape Catsup. — Pick seven pounds of
grapes off the stems, wash them, put
them in a stone jar and set the jar over
the fire in a deep pot of boiling water.
Let the grapes cook in this manner for
an hour in order to loosen the seeds.
Remove from the fire and strain through
a sieve, being careful that all the pulp
goes through. Then add a pint of good
cider vinegar, three and a half pounds
of sugar and a teaspoonful each of cin¬
namon and cloves. Return to the fire
and cook until thick.

India Relish. — This recipe calls for
gherkins, large cucumbers, small onions,
cabbage and red peppers. Green nastur¬
tium seeds may be added. Cut the vege¬
tables all into small pieces and put the
mixture, layer by layer, into a stone jar,
separating the layers with salt. Sprinkle
the top well with salt, cover with a plate
weighted with a flatiron, stone or brick.

and let the jar and contents stand for
three days. At the end of that time drain
off the liquid and rinse the vegetables
thoroughly in cold water. Then cover
with fresh cold water and leave for 36
hours. In the meantime scald three-
quarters of a gallon of cider vinegar with
half a tablespoon ful each of celery seed,
paprika, cloves, mace, ground mustard
and horse radish and two tablespoonfuls
of curry. Add one and three-quarters
cupfuls of brown sugar. Turn the vine¬
gar over the drained vegetables and cook
for a quarter of an hour. Put the relish
into a stone jar and leave it for two or
three days. Then drain off the vinegar,
scald it and pour it while hot over the
vegetables. Let it stand until the next
day, then fill into small jars, cover closely
and keep in a cool dark place.

Pepper Relish. — Remove the seeds from
six large green peppers and one red bell
pepper, and chop the peppers fine. Mix
the peppers with a finely minced head of
cabbage. Turn in a little less than a
quarter of a cupful of salt, a full cupful
of sugar, two tablespoonfuls of mustard
seed and nice cider vinegar enough to
cover the mixture.. Stir thoroughly and
bottle.

Minced Pickle! — Chop half a peck of
green tomatoes, cover them with two-
thirds of a cupful of salt and let them
stand for a day and a night. Then scald
half a gallon of vinegar, with a table¬
spoonful of pepper, a tablespoon ful and a
half each of ground mustard, allspice,
cinnamon and cloves and half a cupful
of white mustard seed. Add to the to¬
matoes two onions chopped fine and four
large green peppers denuded of seeds and
cut into rings. Turn the vinegar over the
mixture and boil steadily 20 minutes;
then bottle.

Just to be good, to keep life pure from
degrading elements, to make it constantly
helpful in little ways to those who are
touched by it, to keep one's spirits always
sweet, and avoid all manner of petty
anger and irritability — that is an idea as
noble as it is difficult. — Edward Howard
Griggs.

Banner Lye

10 lbs hard soap or 20 gallons soft soap
Costs 10 cents lakes 10 minutes No boiling

makes pure soap

^Wholesale Prices

Our Oven Thermometers
Make
Good

la <

easy

Gold Coin Stoves have
been standard for near¬
ly 50 years. Wherever
not on sale, we will sell

Gold Coin
Ranges

or Heating
Stoves at the
wholesale
price, safely
del ivered,
freight pre¬
paid, highly
polished,
rendv to put in
your home on a

YEAR’S
FREE TRIAL

Patent STELLIFORM GRATE

It saves fuel and trouble. #

Return at our expense if not satisfied. This is the
first proposition of this kind ever made by a roan u-
facturerof a Standard Trade Marked Stove. >N rite
for our Free Illustrated Catalogue. It tells about all
the Stoves— and gives you whr lesale price on each.

VTKE GOLD COIN STOVE CO.. 3 Oak St.. Troy. N. T.

^ (Successor to Bussey & McLeod, F.st. I860) J

THE HESSLER

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong uox
n rm at. Mail Box. and a small price

H. E. Hessler Co,, Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y.

8-Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can’t
ring every

one with
this your
wire is
down.

iN Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mffi;.

Company

West

Chester,

Penna.

NEW HOTEL ALBERT

Cor. University Place and 11th Street,
NEW YORK CITY.

One Block West of Broadway. European Plan.

The only absolutely, fire-proof transient hotel
below Twenty-third .Street. First-class accom¬
modation at moderate rates. Rooms from
ONE DOLLAR per day up. One hundred
rooms, with private Bath, from TWO DOL¬
LARS per day up. Cuisine and service un¬
excelled.

L. FRENKEL, - - Proprietor

U J

1.4

, v / 1,

pgr hf-

y

'T:

' i .. ;)\

TNT'.TjT:../

... ' N

New

Homes m U* West

Cheap lands, diversified crops, abundant har¬
vests, good markets, everybody busy, a demand
for good men — farmers, stockmen, merchants and
the professions — that is the condition in the terri¬
tory reached by the nine thousand miles of the
Chicago & North-Western Railway in nine of the
great States of the Northwest.

Homeseekers’ Rates

Why not go West and see for yourself? The North-Western Line
Offers special low-rate round-trip tickets to points in Illinois, Iowa,
Nebraska, Wyoming, the Dakotas, Wisconsin, Northern Michi¬
gan, Minnesota and other points West the first and third
Tuesdays of each month. All agents sell these low-rate
tickets reading via this line.

Write to us for facts as to soil, resources, climate, schools and
churches, and as to where to find business openings suited
to your needs. Free booklets, maps and full infor¬
mation on request.

W. B. KNISKERN,
Passenger Trafllc Manager,
CHICACO.

NW505

•• 1

J

1905.

639

The Grange Picnic.

There is a lovely spot on the banks ®f
the beautiful Merrimac River, called
Kimball's Grove. On the grounds is a
never-failing spring, from which a ram
pumps water to the house, and a wander¬
ing, witching little brook, flowing over its
sandy bed among ferns and deep mosses
and timid woodsy blossoms. 1 here is
a big open space in the center of the oak
grove, ami here we found a number of
stone fireplaces. We women folk donned
aprons and set to work peeling potatoes
for the chowder, while the men broke up
dead wood for the fire. Soon the kettles
were bubbling merrily, and the big. three-
seated market wagon appeared with the
last load of picnickers. There were a
goodly number of the younger generation
who preferred to come over the river in
the rowboats which were provided. Soon
the tables were ready — just long strips
of fresh white paper spread on the
ground, and the pies, cake, pickles and
crackers set forth in abundance. We had
fish and clam chowder steaming hot, and
clear, cool water from the spring. There
was Mr. B — , who is 90, and Susan, who
is six, and young men and maidens, mid¬
dle-aged men and women, all bent on
having a grand good frolic. One spirit —
of youth and fun dominated the brothers
and sisters. After dinner we washed the
dishes and then played croquet, rowed
about on the river in the boats, played
baseball or idled under the shadows of
the whispering trees until some said :
“Well, let's go home. It is about time
to milk.” Then regretfully little par¬
ties of three or four collected the chil¬
dren and wraps they had brought and
set off over the river. The big wagon
received its load and was off. In the dis¬
tant city the six o'clock whistle sounded.
It was mournfully still and dusky in the
woods. Then bird notes broke the sil¬
ence, and the last stragglers departing
homeward bound looked back regretfully,
declaring they had never had such a good
time in all their lives, adaii k. colcord.

Fruit Time.

Tt is a wise housekeeper who saves
herself as much as possible during the
Summer months. 1 have often wondered,
after spending hours over the stove, can¬
ning and preserving fruit, if it really
paid. Now I have decided that in my
case it does not pay to spend too much of
the Summer in the interest of the pre¬
serving kettle. I am doing just about
half as much canning now as I did five
years ago; yet we are just as well sup¬
plied with fruit during the year. We
eat fresh fruit during its season. In
Winter bananas and oranges are used
freely, the money for their purchase hav¬
ing been saved from the small amount of
fruit put up. Then too, we dry more
fruit than formerly: while we still can
all the fruits and prepare them in various
ways, the number of cans of each kind is
much less than formerly. Jellies must
be made at the proper season, but yester¬
day T visited a friend who told me of her
plan of making currant conserve. When
currants are ripe, oranges are not only
poor here, but difficult to obtain. She
cans currants, using no sugar. When
oranges are at their best, she opens a can
of currants, adds sugar, oranges and
raisins, and makes up her conserve as she
needs it.

Neighbor prefers sour cherries for
conserve. Here is her recipe: Three
pounds sour cherries ; two pounds raisins;
four pounds granulated sugar; four large
oranges: Seed and steam the raisins for
half an hour. Grate some of the orange
peel in the cherries. Do not use the
orange skin. Cut the pulp into small
pieces. Mix all the ingredients togeth¬
er. boil for £0 minutes, put in glasses.
It seems as though cherry conserve could
be made from canned cherries in Winter,
even though sugar was used in doing
them up.

We have so many peaches every year
on our place that peaches canned are

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

not the luxury they •nee were t« us.
Last year we dried several pounds *f ripe
firm peaches of the best quality. In the
Winter we decided that dried peaches
properly prepared made a delicious sauce.

$080 Misses' “ Peter Thompson’’ Suit,
12 to 16 years.

One of the best cake makers I know,
dries apples to use in Winter in a dried
apple cake for which she is quite famous.
Dried anple with lemon makes both good
pie and sauce. Much can be said in
favor of dried fruits. They can be pre¬
pared without much trouble. They are
also an appreciated variation from the
regulation canned fruit. In Winter,
after washing the fruit, allow it to stand
in cold water for several hours. Put in
a granite basin in the water in which
the fruit has soaked, place on back of
stove, cooking slowly till done.

HELEN1 C. ANDREWS.

The Household Congress

Crisp Crackers. — In damp weather,
crackers sometimes become soft and
"wilted.” If they are split open and laid
in a baking-pan and put in a slow oven,
or a hot closet, they will come out de¬
liciously crisp and fresh. In the blue¬
berry season a very nice lunch, and one
that is easy to get, is crackers, milk and
blueberries. If the milk is very cold, the
crackers crisp and the berries fresh, it is
a dish fit for a king. s. b. r.

Apple Pickle. — IS good sharp apples;
one-quarter pound best ginger; one pound

6081 Tucked Blouse or Shirt Waist
32 to 42 bust

Sultana raisins ; one ounce mustard seed ;
six shallots; one-quarter pound salt; \/>
pounds moist sugar; six good-sized

onions; one-half ounce small chilli pep¬
pers ; one-half teaspoon cayenne pepper.
Three pints white wine vinegar. Pare and
quarter apples and place in a double boil
er, cover tightly to keep in steam, cook
till quite soft; chop onions and shallots,
and boil in vinegar until they are soft
also. Then mix ingredients together,
and place in an iron saucepan, no
other metal will do. Boil for three-
quarters of an hour, stirring faithfully,
as it burns very quickly. Put down in
small pots well sealed. This pickle will
remain good for years. It should stand
two months before using. e. c. icer.

Homes for the Aged. — Two old people
near me like to talk of their affairs. This
couple are semi-blind. They own their
home; the wife is growing too feeble for
housework. Relatives of each would give
them a home separately or together at a
distant home. The reasonable solution
would be to rent part of their house to
a young couple, but none such has been
found. They tried the relative’s plan,
and have nothing to say against the cor¬
diality of their reception and continued
offers of hospitality, but they like their
old surroundings, and they drifted back

Whkn' yon write advertisers mention The
K. N Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
■'a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Couch Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn ttio
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey , Prin.

5^> Ant

Safety

l</» a ■’to,]

pUOFKSSIONAL men and
* others with limited oppor¬
tunity for pro tit able home in¬
vestment are advised by many
conservative authorities to
utilize the facilities of thlsCom-
1 any for effecting loans on IiIkIi-
class real estate. Our “certi¬
ficate” system is the simplest
plan for mall Investment.
Write for detailed information

#*25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

Assets,. #1,700,000

Surplus and Profits.

#160,000

Industrial Savin ers and Loan Co.

5 Times Iird’Kj B*wy,N.Y. City

in the Spring. Thev have their own
pride ; they say there arc plenty in the
home to which they have been invited,
and there are also many cares for the
housekeeper already, and they do not
wish to add to the burden, so of their
own accord they have evolved the idea
of selling their house and paying entrance
fee to a home in which they can be to¬
gether; there arc a few such. Old people
have often very fixed ideas, and are gen-
erallv happier if they can end their days
in their own surroundings, where they
can do a little rather than to be entirely
waited on. _ R. T.

The Rural Patterns.

The “Peter Thompson” sailor suit re¬
mains a favorite for young girls, and
No. 5080 is an attractive design either
for wash goods or woolens. The dress
consists of the blouse and the skirt. The
blouse is drawn on over the herd, there
being only a slight onemng at the front,
and is finished with a big sailor collar,
beneath which the shield is attached. It
can he faced to form the yoke or left
plain as preferred. The sleeves are the
favorite ones that are gathered at the
shoulders and tucked at the wrists. The
skirt is cut in seven gores and is laid
in a plait at each seam, which is stitched
for a portion of its length, pressed into
position below. For a girl of 14 years
will be required 8 yards of material 27.
6J4 yards 32 or 4 /> yards 44 inches wide
with ~/x yards 27 inches wide for collar
and shield. The pattern 5080 is cut in
sizes for misses of 12, 14, and 16 years
of age; price 10 cents.

A very attractive design for a lingerie
blouse is shown in No. 5081. The waist
consists of fronts and back. There is a
regulation shirt waist plait at the front
edge beneath which the closing is made
and the narrow tucks are stitched in
graduated lengths at the front, from
shoulders to belt at back. The sleeves
consist of fitted cuffs with full portions
above. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 4J4 yards 21, 3^j
27 or 2 yards 44 inches wide with
yards of insertion to trim as illustrated
in the medium size. The pattern 5081 is
cut in sizes for a 32, 34. 36, 38, 40 and 42
inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

INDRUROID

ROOFINC

Requires no Coating: or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac really Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water,

Write for sanr ’ is, prices amt
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

“ In all the land, range up, range down.

Is there ever a place so pleasant and sweet’.'

THE

1000

ISLANDS.

There may be somewhere on the earth
a more delightful region than tnat of the
Thousand islands, Out if there is, it has
not been disco vered. It is as fine as the
Bay of Naples, with no danger of being
buried in hot ashes. There are 2,000
picturesque Islands scattered along the
tweny-fi;e miles of one of the most
beautiful rivers in the world. You can
find out a great deal regarding it in No.
10 of the -‘Four-Track Series,” “The
Thousand Islands,” of the St. Lawreuee
River issued by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL

A copy will be mailed free on receipt of a
two-cent st imp, by George II. Daniels, Gen¬
eral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Sta¬
tion, New York.

Don’t waste valuable time

on inferior dress fabrics. Buy Simpson-Eddystone
Prints.

The satisfaction you get from calicoes of super¬
ior quality and attractive patterns that hold their
color and keep bright- and fresh-looking after
washing, adds greatly to their value.

Our calicoes have been the standard of quality
and beauty for over sixty years.

Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of hew and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

EDdystonE

PRINTS

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN, — Get it from your Druggist,

64o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

August 26,

CONTENTS.

Tub Rural New-Yorker, August 26, 1905,
FARM TOPICS.

A Woman's Day on the Farm . 629

Treatment of an Asparagus Patch...'."!! 630

The Alfalfa Men Talk . 631

Clover in the Wheat Stubble . 631

Marketing Produce by Trolley . 63 1

A Packinghouse Fertilizer . 632

Plowing a Small Field . ' 63*'

Geo. M. Clark's Alfalfa . ’ 633

Hope Farm Notes . ’’ 635

Farm Conditions in East Texas.... !'! 637
On the Farm . 643

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy . 10% @

Fair to choice . 9%@

Light skims, choice . 8 % @

Part skims, common to fair. .. 4 % @

Full skims . 1%@

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Gravenstein, bbl . .2.2.5 @2.75

Duchess, . 2.25 @3.00

N.vack Pippin . 2.25 @3.00

Orange Pippin . 1.75 @2.25

10

5 %
2%

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Income From a Hen . 642

Hauling Shock to Stack . . . . . !. 642

Use of Trap Nests for Poultry . 642

What Ails the Chicks? . ’ . 642

A Dairyman’s Silo . 642

Imported Ilolsteins . ’’’ 64'"*

Buckwheat for Mites . !!.!!! 642

Turkey Diseases . 642

Egg Pedigree for Hens . ’’’ 643

Sulphured Bones for Poultry . !. 643

Revolution in the Creamery Business.... 643

HORTICULTURE.

Something About Leeks . 630

An Old, Old Subject . . ! '. . 630

Propagating Evergreen Trees . . 630

Paraffined Berries . 630

Oil and Lead for Apple Trees . . . !! 630

San Josd Scale in Delaware . 630

Process Lime for Bordeaux Mixture.... 631
Nitrate of Soda on Lima Beans . 632

plar°BlighatnSPlailte<r °nI°nS . 212 Huckleberries, quaff

' r\ *'•••••••••••••••• . . Hoo M liclr m nlrmo AI/I JR.

Astrachan . 2.00

Open heads . l.oo

Ilalf-bbl baskets . 50

Bushel crates . 30

Small peach baskets . 25

Pears, Southern Le Conte, bbl. 50

Southern Kieffer . 1.00

Clapp's Favorite . 4.00

Bell . 2.50

Catharine . 2.50

Bartlett . 3.50

Plums, Md. & Del., carrier _ 1.00

Md. & Del., basket . 20

Up-river, basket . 20

Peaches, Md., Del., Va. & W.

Va., carrier . 75

Md., Del., Va. & W. Va., bkt. 50

Jersey, basket . 50

Pine Island, basket . 50

State, 20-lb. bkt . 40

Indiana, bu . 2.50

Grapes. Up-river, Champion,

case . 1.00

Del. & Md., black, case . 1.00

Del. & Md., white, case. ... 1.25
Blackberries, Jersey, quart.... 10

Up-river, quart . 9

Raspberries, Red, pint . 5

Tomato Questions . .... 633

A Few Potted Plants . !.!!!. 633

Notes from the Rural Grounds . !! 634

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 638

Pickles and Relishes . !!..!.! 638

The Grange Picnic . 639

Fruit Time . ."!!!! 639

Crisp Crackers . ........!!!! 639

Apple Pickle . 639

Homes for the Aged . .!..!!!!! 639

The Rural Patterns . ’’ 639

35

Muskmelons, Md. & Del., crate.

Rocky Ford, Col., standard

crate . 5.00

Rocky Ford, Col., ponv crate. 3. 00
Watermelons, Southern, 100... 3.00
Southern, carload1 . 100.00

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bu . 3.50

common to good . 2.75

common to good . 1.80

Pea. choice . 1.77% @1.80

@2.75
@2.00
@ 75
@ 60
@ 30
@3.50
@2.50
@5.00
@3.00
@3.50
@4.50
@1.50
@ 50

@ 30

@2.00
@1.25
@1.50
@1.25
@ 50
@3.00

@1.25
@1.25
@1.50
@ 13
@ 12
@ 10
@ 11
@1.25

@6.00

@5.00

@5.00

@200.00

@3.55
ffl 3.45
@2.20

common to good . 1.60

Red kidney, choice . 3.10

MISCELLANEOUS.

Chestnuts for Post Timber . 630

Beet Sugar Factories . . 630

The Use of “Cores and Skins” . 632 T, , ,

Action of Fire on Cement . . 633 ^ otatoes,

Editorials . 636

Events of the Week . '.!'.’.!!!!! ! ! ! 637

Notes from Florida . 637

Busiuess Bits . * 637

Products, Prices and Trade..'!.’.'!!!!!!! 641

common to good. . .
White kidney, choice.
Yellow Eye, choice. .

. 3.65

. 2.00

VEGETABLES.

. L. I.. bbl . 1.75

Jersey, round . 1.75

Jersey, long . 1.50

Del. and Md . 1.50

Southern . 75 @1.50

@1.75
<0 3.15
@ 3.05
@3.75
@ —

@2.00

@2.00

@1.75

@1.75

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending August 19, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig!
tires of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

2.00

75

75

4.00

15

75

Wheat,
No. 1
Corn .
Oats .
Rye . .
Ba rley

No. 2. red.
, Northern,

GRAIN.

Dulut h .

@ 87 %
@1.12%

@

@

@

@

62

33

60

40

Sweet Potatoes, bbl.

Beets. 100 bunches .

Carrots. 100 bunches .

Cabbage, 100 .

Celery, dozen .

Cucumbers, Jersey, bbl .

Long Island, bbl .

Pickles, 1000 .

Corn, Hackensack. 100 .

Other Jersey and Up-river

Cauliflower, bbl .

Egg plants, bbl .

Lettuce, dozen .

Onions, Conn., white, bbl. ..

L. I„ bbl .

Orange Co.. N. Y.. white, la

Yellow and Red. bag .

Peppers. Jersey, bbl .

String beans. bu .

Squash, Hubbard, bbl .

Marrow .

Crook-neck .

Turnips. Rutabaga, bbl .

Tomatoes, bu. box .

HOPS.

Choice . 24

Medium to prime.

Ordinary .

Old's .

@2.25
@1.00
Oi I. no
(<1 6.00

Ul -111
@1.00

1.00

@2.00

@ 2.50

1,00

@1.25

50

@1.00

1.00

@2.50

60

@1.00

20

@ 50

2.00

@3.00

@ 1 .75

1.25

@1.50

7:1

@1.25

50

@1.00

75

@ 1 .25

75

@1.25

75

@1.00

75

@1.00

1.00

@1.25

29

@1.25

24

@ 25

22

@ 23

19

@ 20

10

@ 12

FEED.

Spring bran . .

Standard Middlings . 18 00

Red dog . .

Cotton-seed meal . .

Linseed meal . .

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . .

No. 2 . ’.'..'l5.00

No. 3 . .

New make . ! . . 1 5.00

Clover mixed . 13 00

Clover . 1 L00

Straw, long rye . 13.00

Short and oat . 8.00

@1 7.00
@20.50
@24.00
@29.50
@30.00

@17.00
@ 1 6.00
@13.00
@ 1 7.00
@14.00
@13.00
@14.00
@10.00

COUNTRY-DRESSED

Calves, prime veal, lb .

to good .

MEATS.

Fail-

Poor

are no extra

MILK.

New York Exchange price remains at $1 31
per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents in 26-

eent freight zone where there
station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras, lb . 21

Firsts . 20

Seconds . 19

LIVE Pi
Spring Chickens,, lb. .

Fowls .

Roosters .

Turkeys .

Ducks, Spring, poor. . .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED
Turkeys, Spring, 3

each, lb .

Spring. 4 lbs. and over. . . .
Old Western, average best.
Old Western, mixed, fair t<

a 3%

@

@

(a

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.. 20

Tubs, firsts . 19

Tubs, seconds . 18

Lower grades . 17

Western imitation creamery,

extras . 19

Firsts . 18

Western factory, firsts . 17 %@

Seconds . 16% @

Lower grades . -

Renovated, extras
Firsts

@

@

15

18

or

@

@

Seconds . 16% @

Lower

Packing

grades
stock. No.

1

1;

@

@

No. 2 . 1 6 % @

No. 3 . 1;'

@

@

@

EGGS.

Selected white, fancy . 25

Selected white, choice . 23

State, Pa. & nearby, mixed,

extra . 23 @

Mixed, firsts to extra firsts... 19% @

Western, extra firsts . 21 @

Western, firsts . 19% @

Western, seconds . 1

Western, thirds . 15

Kentucky, fresh gathered . 15

Western & Southern, inferior. . 10

@

@

@

@

21%
20 %
19%

18 V,
20%
19%
18%
17%

19%

18%

17

16

19%

19 '
17%
16
17%
17
16

27

24

21

20
18%
1 6 V.
17
14

scalded, choice to

. 13%

scalded, fair to

. 12%

scalded . 12

Ind., Ill. & Iowa,

DRIED FRUITS.

Apnles, 1904 evap. fancy . —

Evaporated choice . —

Evaporated prime . —

Evap. com. to good . 5

Sun-dried, qtrs . 3

Cores and skins . 1.40

Raspberries, 1905 . —

Huckleberries, 1905 . 11

Blackberries. 1905 . 7

Cherries, 1905 . 11%

@

@

@

@

@

8

7 %
7

6U
3%
@1.50
@ 22
@ 1 1 %
@ 7%

@ 12

Old Western, poor .

Spring Chickens, Phila., fc.y
Pennsylvania, choice to fey
Pennsylvania, fair to good.
Western, dry-picked, choice

to fancy .

Western, dry-picked, fair to

good .

Western,
fancy
Western,
good .

Southern,

Fowls, No.

dry-picked . .

So. Ind’. & III., dry-picked.. —
Other Southw’n & South’n,

dry-picked . —

Western, scalded, med. size.. —
South’n & Southw’n, scalded. —
Western & Southern, poor to

fair . 10%

Spring Ducks. L. I. & Eastern. -—
Pennsylvania & Va., per lb. . 14

Western, per lb . 10

Squabs, dozen . 1.50

FARM CHEMICALS.
Prices given are for car lots,
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . —

Muriate of potash . —

Acid phosphate . —

Kainit. . — .

Dried blood . —

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb..
Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb..

BARKS, ROOTS AND

Sage, lb. .

Thyme .

Laurel .

Snake root .

Ginseng . 6

Sweet flag .

TOBACCO.

Conn, broadleaf fillers .

Fine wrappers .

N. Y. State fillers .

Fine and selections .

Penn, broadleaf b’s .

Va. Shipp’g, Com. to good lugs.

. 9% @

10

8

@

9

5

@

6

13%

@

14

@

12

—

@

8

—

I

12

—

@

40

,1.00

@1

.25

RY.

@

20

30

@

35

15

@

25

17

@

—

15

@

16

13

@

14

20

@

21

15

13

@

16

@

14

14%@

15

13

@

14

@ 14

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

13

12%

13

12%

12%

12%

12

1 1 %
17
16

12

7] 2.50

Single bag

@52.00
@42.00
@13.00
(a 1 2.50
@50.00
6

2%

— @
— @
HERBS.
3% @
3% @
4 @

37 @

5

4

4%
42

25 @7.75

6%@

7

5

@

10

35

@

75

3

@

5

25

(5)

26

13

@

14

6

@

7

VifE WANT MEN to at
tend State and County
Fairs this Fall and take sub¬
scriptions to The Rural New-
Yorker. We make attractive
propositions and pay liberally
for the work. Can you repre¬
sent us ?

The Rural New-Yorker,

SUBSCRIPTION PEPAKTMENT,

409 Pearl St., New York.

AN EXPERIENCED AMERICAN

Wishing to make a change d<
farm or gentleman's place.

"FARMER” care Rural New Yorker, N. Y. City.

I&dres a position on small
References.

WANTED

and small poultry plant,
apply. Address, Box

to hire, beginning September 1st, a reli-
able single man. Three cows, one horse

No fool driukin
O., Mount Vernon

g man need
N. Y.

ATT E N T I O N'S SS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty

I. 11 KHZ, Genl. Mkl , 9‘.» Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our
For particulars write
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pymatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

SILOS

THE SCHOOL .

Catalogues and relialj

OUESTION

Die information

We can help
you decide it.

- - concerning all

schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street, Now York, N. Y.

FOR SALE— FARM OF 100 ACRES.

Two large houses— one stone, one wooden: four tene¬
ment houses; large barn, carriage house, wagonhouse,
granary and tool-house. Finest of running, never-fail¬
ing spring water at houses and barn. Fine location
tor country home or summer resort. About three
miles east of the beautiful village of Brandon, Vt.,011
the main road to Rochester; about five miles by road
from Lake Dumnore, or Silver Lake. For further
particulars, inquire of IRVING C. NEWTON,

Administrator, Ticonderoga, N. Y

FARM FOR SA LE_ ^ Finely located, 2%milesfrom

for any

city, about 100 acres suitable
ose, macadamized road. Address
AFT. Burwell Street. New Haven, Conn.

TO DELAWARE & MARYLAHD FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

I

HAVE FOUR OF THOSE CHEAP EASTERN
NEW YORK FARMS FOR SALE. Write mo
what you want; they are no use to me.

W. H. PALMER, Canaan Four Corners, N. Y.

USEFUL BOOKS

Sent postpaid by Rural New-Yorker at
prices named :

Bush Fruits, Card . 1.50

Cabbage, Gregory . 30

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas . 2.50

A B C of Bee Culture (Root) . 1.25

Nursery Book, Bailey . 1.00

Milk and Its Products, Wing . 1.00

Pruning Book, Bailey . 1.50

Spraying of Plants, Lodeman . • . 1.00

Care of Animals, Mayo . 1.25

Barn Plans and Outbuildings . 1.00

Alfalfa, Coburn . 50

Accidents and Emergencies . 10

Agricultural Chemistry, Storer, 3 Vols. 5.00

Campbell’s Handbook of Synonyms . 50

Cyclopedia of Agriculture . 3.50

A Woman's Hardy Garden, Mrs. Ely...
Dwyer’s Guide to Hardy Fruits and Or¬
namentals .

Farmer's Business Hand Book, Roberts.

Farmer’s Veterinary Adviser, Law .

Fertility of the Land, Roberts .

Fruit Harvesting and Marketing, Waugh

Feeding of Animals, Jordan .

Feeds and Feeding, Henry . 2.00

Everybody’s Paint Book, Gardner . 1.00

Economic Entomology, Smith . 2.50

Asparagus Culture, Ilexamer . 50

Animal Breeding, Shaw . 1.50

Business Hen, Collingwood . 75

Cauliflower, Crozier . 50

Corn Judging, Shamel . 50

Celery for Profit, Greiner . 51)

Domestic Sheep, Stewart . 1.50

Evolution of Our Native Fruits, Bailey. 2.00

Errors About Plants, Crozier . 25

Farm Poultry, Watson . 1.25

Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.00

Fumigation Methods, Johnson . 1.00

Garden Making, Dunn and Bailey . 1.00

Greenhouse Construction, Taft . 1 50

Greenhouse Management, Taft . 1.50

Horticulturist’s Rule Book, Bailey . 75

Harris on the Pig . 1.00

IIow to Plan the Home Grounds, Parsons 1.00

Home Science Cook Book . 1

How to Plant a Place, I.ong .

Handbook of Conversation, Peabody....

1.75

.50

1.00

3.00

1.25

1.00

1.25

.11

.10

.50

1.50

1.50

.50

1.50

NICKEL PLATE ROAD EXCURSIONS TO
DENVER AND THE PACIFIC COAST.

Tickets to Denver and return on sale August
29th to September 3d inclusive. Final return
limit October 7th.

Tickets to Portland and return on sale daily
until September 28th. Good return limit. Stop¬
over privileges. These tickets may be routed
through California in one direction at slightly
higher rate. For further particulars write A. W.
ECCLESTONE, D. P. A., 385 Broadway, N. Y.City.

“YOUNGS TREE PAINT."

Positively guaranteed to keep Rabbits and Borers
from molesting FRUIT TREES. Agents wanted
all over the United States and Canada.

Write for terms, etc.,

YORKVIELE DRUG CO., Yorkville, Illinois,

BALES” ™ HAY

Rale lluy

Heather, Wallace . 1.50

IIow Crops Feed, S. W. Johnson .

IIow Crops Grow, S. W. Johnson .

Hedges, Windbreaks and Shelters, Powell

Irrigation and Drainage, King .

Insects Injurious to Staple Crops, San¬
derson . 1,50

-ife of tlie Bee, Maeterlinck . 1.40

andscape Gardening, Long . 25

andscape Gardening, Waugh . 50

Manures, Making and Handling, Sempers .40
Mistakes In Writing English. Bigelow.. .50

Mushroom Growing, Falconer . 1.00

Milk Testing, Farrington . 1.00

New Rhubarb Culture, Morse . 50

Onions, Gregory . 30

and Make u Profit

Gem and Victor Presses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy.
38 years — 18 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say HAY PKESS to CEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, 11L

.50

.25

1.50

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.75

Onion Culture, Greiner .

Open Air Vegetables, Dreer .

Plums and Plum Culture, Waugh .

Principles of Fruit Growing, Bailey....

Principles of Agriculture, Bailey .

Principles of Vegetable Gardening, Bailey

Physics of Agriculture, King .

Plant Breeding, Bailey . 1,00

Plant Culture, Oliver . 1.00

Rose, Ellwanger . 1.25

Swine Husbandry, Coburn . 1.50

Soiling Crops and the Silo, Shaw . 1.50

Systematic Pomology, Waugh . 1,00

Soil, King . 75

Squash, Gregory on . 30

Strawberry Culture, Root . 45

Shepherd’s Manual, Stewart . 1.00

Tools and Machines, Barnard . 70

Vegetables Under Glass, Dreer . 25

Vegetable Gardening, Green . 1.00

Violet Culture, Galloway . 1,50

The Rural NaW-Yobkkr, New York.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

NEW YORK STATE FAIR,

SYRACUSE, September 11-16.

$65,000 IN PREMIUMS AND PURSES

Greatest Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition

Largest Open-Air Horse Show in the World.

Air Ship Exhibition Every Day.

Grand Circuit Races Each Day.

N. Y. STATE DAY, Monday , Sept. 1 1th

2:15 Pace, $2,000 2 :09 Pace, $1,200

2:11 Trot. $1,200 2:20 Trot, $1,000

SYRACUSE DAY, Tuesday, Sept. 12th

2:13 Pace, $1,200 2:07 Pace, $1,500

2 :14 Trot, $10,000 2 :17 Trot, $1,200

GRANGE DAY, Wednesday, Sept. 13th

2:19 Pace. $1,000 2:11 Pace. $1,200

2:09 Trot, $2,000 2 :16 Trot, $1,200

Entries in the Dairy, Domestic, Farm Produce, Flower and
Fruit Departments MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.

LOW RAILROAD RATES for the Week of the Fair, and Special Low Rates for Special Days

SEND FOR PRIZE LIST.

S. C. SHAVER, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.

Governor, Legislative, Veteran and
Military Day, Thursday, Sept, 14th

2:09 Pace, $3,000 2:04 Pace. $1,500

2:07 Trot. $1,500 2:13 Trot, $1,200

WOMAN’S DAY, Friday, Sept. 15th

Consolation, $2,000 2 :15 Pace, $1,200
Free-for-all Trot, $2,000
AUTOMOBILE DAY, Saturday, Sept. 1«
The Fastest Machines in the country
will take part in these races.

1905,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

64i

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

The following letter was received this
morning. It is submitted for the infor¬
mation of those who buy and sell nursery
stock :

I am very glad you have got after those
frauds at Bosky Dell. Ill. They swindled me
out of .$24 worth of nursery stock. There is
another fraud at Indianapolis, Ind., by the
name of T. C. Furnas. lie swindled me out
of $73 worth of nursery stock last Fall. He
made great promises to pay me in a few let¬
ters he wrote me after receiving the stock,
hut has never paid a cent, and now will not
answer any of my letters. 1 sent the account
to a collecting attorney at Indianapolis, hut
he wrote me that he had many similar ac¬
counts against the same man, hut could not
collect any of them ; that he would not pay
anything. t. ,t. w.

Indiana.

A subscriber asks if we would advise
buying stock in a theatrical enterprise
which promises a weekly dividend of one
per cent, or more. We certainly should
advise nothing of the kind. We venture
the prediction that the man who makes
such an investment will never see 25 cents
for every dollar invested.

Another subscriber asks us if a con¬
cern in Fergus Falls. Minn., which adver¬
tises to send a recipe for increased egg
production for $10, is reliable- He wants
you to promise to keep the information
secret. Our correspondent at that place
has not been able to locate the concern
referred to, but through other sources we
learn that such a concern does exist, or
at least was in existence there some time
ago. Their method at best is nothing
more than a system of selections as we
understand it, and while it may have
some value, is probably little different
from the information often found in an
article published in the papers on the
same subject. If you have “The Business
Hen," you have more reliable information
than he is likely to send you for $10, and
you need not make a secret of it either.

Speaking of “The Business Hen” the
following clipping from the Florida
Agriculturist may interest you :

All books on poultry have many things in
common. The general principles of (he busi¬
ness are the same everywhere. “The Busi¬
ness Hen” introduces some new features;
for instance, Chapter 4 is headed, “What is
an Fgg ?’’ It contains the fullest and clearest
description of Hie method by which an egg
is formed that we have ever seen. We have
been reading poultry articles and books for
years, but much that is found in this book
was entirely new to us.

Here is another from a regular reader:

As to “The Business Hen.” it is (lie first
publication of the sort of all the half dozen
I have bought that is a really practical work
for the layman, instead of an advertisement
for the fancy breeder or a dealer in poultry
supplies. s. a. c.

New Hampshire.

There is a suggestion in the following
letter that is timely just now:

I am a young, but all the more interested,
member of your family, and certainly wish
you the success you deserve as the farmers'
champion, and am sorry that so many of our
farmers are not getting your paper on ac¬
count of not knowing about it. c. F. vv.

Pennsylvania.

We are sorry too that there are so many
farmers who do not take The R. N.-Y.
because they do not know the real value
it is to them. Almost every mail brings
us letters from farmers who took a 10-
weeks trial for 10 cents, and come back
with a year’s renewal ; and express re¬
grets that they did not know the paper
sooner. Now, why not help spread this
information? Just tell your neighbors
about it- Rut telling will not be enough.
Get their dime and send us for a 10-wceks
trial. If they are not satisfied in 10
weeks, let us know, and we will return
the money. _

PRODUCTS PRICES , AND TRADE.

Various Vegetabi.es. — Choice tomatoes are
very scarce. Kot is doing some damage, and
the weather has not been favorable for rip¬
ening. The supply of sweet corn is heavy,
all except what is known as Hackensack sell¬
ing below $1 per 1 oo. The chief merit of
this special brand is that the growers raise
good varieties, have suitable land, and haul
it into market by wagons, so that corn
picked one day may be on the eater's table
the next morning. Peppers are very low,
some going for 50 cents per barrel. The
drought did not bother these plants so much
as many other things. Where well taken care
of they moved right along, and with the
present abundance of rain the peppers are
growing to enormous size, being tender and
fine for pickling and salads. Egg plants are
unusually low, having sold at 70 cents per
barrel, a price calculated to startle amateurs,
who find this about the most difficult vege¬
table to grow. Experienced growers have a

“know how" about fertilizing and general care
which secures large crops.

Potato conditions are slightly improved on
the better grades, which are not very plenti¬
ful, but the market has been swamped with
seconds and culls, which are dull and lower.
There are many farmers whose early crop
turned out. no first-class tubers, the drought
continuing from the time the potatoes started
to set until the tops died. There is no ad¬
vantage in potatoes being extra large; in fact,
overgrown tubers are not wanted, as they
are likely to be hollow or coarse. But pota¬
toes below' medium size cannot be expected
to sell for anything more than a minus me¬
dium size price. It takes too much time to
peel them and they are too small to look well
boiled in their jackets. There are two classes
of potatoes usually in good demand here for
hotel use, round varieties, dry and mealy, for
baking or boiling whole, and soggy sorts of
any shape, for frying, as they do not absorb
the fat. The demand for a round potato,
which makes a fair sized portion served whole
has made unpopular (he old-fashioned varie¬
ties which grew seven to nine inches long.

Telegraph bills in the produce trade are
very large. Part of this wiring is necessary,
but much useless expense is piled up in a
year. In many eases the mails would have
taken the information back and forth with
all necessary speed. I saw one case where a
bill of $2.80 was worked up in wiring about
a comparatively small shipment, and the
produce man stood it rather than offend the
shipper, though it cut into his profits on that
deal. The shipper wras several hundred miles
away and kept sending telegrams “collect,”
asking for shipping instructions and inquir¬
ing about the condition of the goods before
they ever arrived. This free use of tele¬
grams has been encouraged by a certain class
of commission men to drum up trade. They
learn of a man who has something to ship,
telegraph him a high quotation if he can
send at once, and ask him to wire back at
their expense. This bluff often works, and
they steal more than enough from the re¬
turns to make up for the extra cost. If the
shipper complains because the returns are
not what was promised, they ignore him or
send back a hard luck story about a drop in
the market or the poor condition in which
the stuff arrived. It is a safe rule to ignore
these telegraphing shipment solicitors, unless
they are men whom you know and have had
satisfactory business dealings with.

Melon Matters. — “I notice in last num¬
ber of your paper in the market report of
fruits and vegetables the quotations of canta¬
loupes w'ere $2 to $3 per crate for melons
from Texas, and those from Arizona from $•
to $8. Why this difference? Can it be pos¬
sible that the difference is alone in the qual¬
ity?” w. H. C.

Tennessee.

As has bean said before, the writer tested
these various melons in an effort to learn
why anyone should pay $8 for a bushel of
melons in the market season. Not one was
found that was any better than some south¬
ern melons on hand at the same time, but
they seemed to be all alike in flavor, and
there were practically no culls to remove or
complaints from customers to straighten out.
It was this uniformity that sold them. If a
hotel steward knew that he ought to provide
say 200 melons for a day's business be got
only a fewr more than the required! amount,
depending upon every one to turn out right.
To make sure of an equal quantity of edible
melons from southern or eastern sections
where rain rather than irrigation is depend¬
ed on for water and the melons must gather
flavor from cloudy, cool or sour weather, he
would have had to lay in, perhaps, four times
as large a stock. Then he might run short
or have some over, depending on the way
they turned out. Probably no line of busi¬
ness has a keener lot of tradesmen than those
handling fruit and produce. They have to
be in order to keep going. When the charges
for transportation and telegrams are deduct¬
ed, the enormous (?) profits of the handlers
often look as though squeezed up into a small
bundle. Such men sometimes make bad bar¬
gains, but when they pay $8 per bushel for
melons they know pretty nearly w’here they
can be disposed of. h.

ON THE FARM.

This is a busy time indeed. Haying is a
little late, but the small fruit, strawberries
and raspberries, are in their prime. We get
breakfast over by quarter before six, and then
it is really pleasant hoeing until the dew
dries. The pickers come about 8 A. M., and
set to work gathering strawberries. There is
about a half an acre in one bed asul a quarter
in another. One day there were 10 crates of
32 quarts taken from the big piece, and nine
from the smaller. That was the best picking.
Our strawberry bed is plowed, w-ell manured
and some phosphate applied. Then the plants
are set in rows three feet apart, and plants
tw'o feet in the row. They are kept perfectly
clean from w'eeds, and the ground well stirred
the first Summer. Of course all buds are
trimmed away before setting out, but If any
are seen they are quickly nipped off. The first
hard freeze and snow they receive a mulch
of salt hay. In the Spring this is raked into
the paths, and keeps the berries clean and
bright. On the average one can double his

money in the business. Some years we have
lost money, owing to unusually bad weather
or a glutted market. The local markets are
very poor. Once the price goes dow'n, no mat¬
ter how fine your product, you can't get a
cent more. Our berries are picked in the
aflernoon, and packed ; stored in a cool, dark
place, and sent early in the morning by train
on a 30-mile journey to Boston. This gives
the best returns, and the three-mile drive
through the woods is a delightful beginning
for the day's heat and toil. If you are fair
with your commission man, and send him
first-class fruit, besides letting him know you
are following the market sharply, he will do
the square thing by you. But it does not pay
to ship one or two crates once in awhile to a
man you know nothing about.

The beans are flourishing, and they tell me
the dried ones are $3 a bushel at present. We
have half an acre of cauliflower that promises
well. There will be quantities of peaches.
The trees are loaded. It has been dreadfully
warm and uncomfortable to-day. I have made
some strawberry college-ice and invited our

neighbors to come over this evening. There
will be no more strawberries until next year,
and so we shall make the most of the blue¬
berries and raspberries and other good things
crowding to be- noticed. adah e. colcord.

Massachusetts.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SHORT HORN BULL SALE.

llob White of Meadowvale, No. 104943.

Out of SPENCER HERD of Dairy Short Horns.

Pure White; three years old. Price moderate.

WM. <5. DURHAM, Darien, Conn.

IP .Pigs.— April and .lulyjf arrow. Prices reason-
■ U* able, VanDoren Bros,, Lysander, N. Y.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence— Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet
D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. [Oakland, Cal.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and U. Wyan-
dottes, K.O. Beds. McCain Co, B., Delaware, N. J

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Bates free. J. A. BEKGKY.Box 8, Telford, Pa,

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
first. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sox, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $0.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

^PAVINOFfr

CURES 1

Spavin, Ringbone, Grease
Ileel, Sweeney, Wlndgall,
1 Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
jSores. Pollevil, Scratches,
fShoeBoils.&c.Removesun-
f natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
Land clean. Testimonials.
CHURCH BROL.APTON. N.T.
$1.00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.

ABSORBINE

REMOVES

BURSAL ENLARGEMENTS,
THICKENED TISSUES,
INFILTRATED PARTS, and any
PUFF OR SWELLING, CURES
LAMENESS, ALLAYS PAIN

without laying the horse up. Does not
blister, stain or remove the hair. $2.00 a
bottle, delivered. Pamphlet 1-B free.

ABSORBINE, JR„ for mankind, $1.00
Bottle. Cures Synovitis, Weeping Sinew,
Strains, Gouty or Rheumatic Deposits.
Allays Pain. Book free. Manufactured only by

W. F. YOUNG, P. 0. F.( 88 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mats.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred for laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1004.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

TUUL I Kteas

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-5
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything — J
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the
jasking— it's worth having,

)Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

-J Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City <

ooo<xxmmxxxxx>cmx3ooG<

FOR SALE’

J-FOX AND RABBIT HOUNDS.
Choice Pups now ready to ship
for $5 each. Also, PUREBRED
GUERNSEY BULL CALVES. MELVIN THOMAS
R. F. D. No. 1, Wayville, Saratoga County. N. Y.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Ki*Klntere«l Traile Mark

SFAVIN CURE

Write us before you lire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the- II orse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thorouglipin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

per bottle with written guanintee-
Semi for copy, also booklet mid scores ot
letter* on every kind of case and lameiie**. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all drnsglata and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

trade mark on overjr box.

Cure For
Galls

While you work
the horse.

WsBICKNIORE’S

Dealers selling it everywhere are authorized
to refund money if it tails to cure all Galls,
Scratches, Cracks, Wire Cuts, etc. The stand¬
ard horse remedy for many years. Sample 10c.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Box 519 , Old Town, Me.

f4 YEARS THE STANDARD

EASILY APPLIED.

Any handy man can apply Ruberoid Rooting. Complete directions, nails, tin-caps and
Ruberine Cement with every roll.

RUBEROID ROOFING is not new. It has been on the market for 14 years and is used
all over the world. Positively weather- proof and fire-resisting. Outlasts metal and shingles
and costs less. Contains no tar or paper. Will not melt, rot or tear.

Avoid inferior imitations. Look for the registered trade-mark " RUBEROID,” stamped
on under side, every four feet. There is only one Ruberoid, and we sell it. Send for samples
and Booklet K.”

MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, IOO William Street, New York

TR AQE MARK

to— "IT LASTS.”

The best roofing and siding in the world. Used by leading farmers, railroad companies and U. S.
Government. Above illustration shows the Rankin Duck Farm, South Easton, Mass., one of the
leading poultry plants in America— roofed with Paroid. It keeps buildings of all kinds warm and
dry. Slate color— contains no tar — resists fire, water, heat, cold, sparks, cinders, frost and gases.
Any one can lay it. Does not crack nor run.

and see for yourself. Don't fako an imitation. For two 2e
stamps we’ll send book of Poultry House Plans.

East Waloole, Mass., Chisago, III.

Send for Free Sample

F. W. BIRD & SON, Originators of Fr«« Roofing Kit in arerv roll.

642

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 26,

Live Stock and Dairy

INCOME FROM A HEN.

The average farm hen lays about 10 dozen
eggs. Average price for eggs 15 cents per
dozen ; cost of keeping a hen on a farm should
not be over 50 cents per year, leaving net
profit about $1. o. i\

Mississippi.

The income from a flock of hens will vary
in the same locality according to the cost of
raising, which in this district varies from
40 to 00 cents; that is. to bring a fowl to ma¬
turity. 1 think the average profit would be
about .$1 ; the income of course would vary
according to t he cost of keeping. s. c. n.

Lancaster, Mass.

I have made a careful study of the farmer
and Ibe hen the past few years, and conclude
that a fair average gives an income of about
$1.25 per lien. I consider that would be a
shame to the lien were it not the farmer’s
fault, in the first place, he starves her in
this land of plenty. What a shame when I
know of hens last year that had all they
could eat and paid a profit of $2 per head.

Fayette, (>. _ a. e. n.

HAULING SHOCK TO STACK.

1 herewith send you sketch of manner
of hauling shock hay to stack that I think
hard to beat. Get a pole eight or nine feet
long, sharpen one end nicely, taking off the
bark. Cut a couple of notches about one
foot from the small end ; at the other end
fasten a common plow clevis. Then take

a rope long enough to reach over shock
and back end of the pole. Attack a ring
large enough to go over the pole and
large enough so that it will not pass
through the clevis. To use push the pole
under near the center; take the ring end
of the rope over the top of shock, put it
over the pole and in the notch and start
your horse; the rope will draw down
light and you can haul the hay any dis¬
tance without disarranging it.

Ohio. s. 0. PRESTON.

USE OF TRAP NESTS FOR POULTRY

I use the ideal trap nest, a very simple
though effective device, and not expensive.
It would not be considered by a poultry-
man any great care or bother. Of course
it is necessary to gather the eggs once in
two hours or such a matter in order to re¬
lease the hens and give room for others to
lay, though this could be avoided or made
at longer intervals by having enough nests.
It is certainly worth while to weed out the
poor layers, and breed from the good lay¬
ers if one wants layers, but the good lay¬
ers are often not ones we desire to keep
for size and color; in fact, m - experience
so far is that the best layers are the
smaller birds of any breed, or, in other
words, the larger the bird of any variety
the less the laying qualities. Color often
goes wi*h size, though not always. Prob¬
ably by selecting the good layers even if
smaller, the size could be somewhat in¬
creased bv selections of good males and
keeping up the laying qualities.

Kansas. _ ]L m. byers.

WHAT AILS THE CHICKS?

Wlial can 1 do for chicks three months old
with something like gape worms between the
linings (skins) of the gizzard, not in the
windpipe, where "The Business lien tells
me they are. Those worms are white, not
red with blood. I have some fine broilers,
and would not like to lose them. I feel sure
that the disease has spread through all old
and .young chickens. J. M. R.

Greenwich, Conn.

If T had anything of that kind 1 would
immediately kill off all infected birds and
disinfect my pen with formaldehyde gas,
generated by boiling to dryness four
ounces of a 40-per-cent solution of for¬
maldehyde to every 1,000 cubic feet of
space in tile building. — all cracks being
carefully stopped up, to keep the fumes
in. This for the sake of safety should be
done on an alcohol stove set in a tub

with a little water in the bottom. Build¬
ing should be kept closed eight hours. Be
sure that none of the fowls or chicks arc
left behind, and air thoroughly an hour
before any birds are allowed to go in.
This is the best disinfectant I know of,
and pays a big interest upon the invest¬
ment if done once or twice a year in all
houses where fowls are kept. e. m. s.

A DAIRYMAN’S SILO -

Three years ago 1 erected a round silo
16 x 50 of 2 x 6 studs placed 12 inches
from center, boarded outside with one-half
inch stulT, double boarded inside with some
tar paper between. It lias been perfectly
satisfactory. The first year, owing to corn
being too dry, a small quantity molded.
Last year there was not a pound of waste
except on top. I find when feeding silage
that 1 can save about one-half of grain
ration. My plan of feeding is one heap¬
ing bushel basketful to two cows, directly
after milking in the morning, feeding
grain or silage; about nine o’clock a feed¬
ing of hay; after milking at night silage
and grain same as morning. This Spring,
being short of hay, 1 increased grain ra¬
tion and fed no hay for about six weeks;
cows did as well as when feeding hay.
Two years ago, having a small quantity
of sunflowers, they were cut and put in
silo. They seemed to make good silage;
cows ate them readily, but did not have
enough to compare results with corn.
There are about 20 silos in my locality,
ranging in size from 50 to 1 00 tons. There
will be about 150 acres planted this year.
There is no corn of any amount raised for
husking; the kinds most commonly plant¬
ed are Learning and Pride of the North.
The best silage is made from corn that
has reached the boiling stage, but we are
not always able to leave it till then be¬
cause of frost. I cut into one-half inch
lengths and keep man in silo to spread
and pack, keeping sides higher than mid¬
dle. and leaves well mixed with stalks.
After opening feed enough from entire
top each day to prevent mold.

Delhi. N. Y. L. p. r.

T. A. Mitch hi. i,, Oakland Farm. Woeds-
i’ort, N. V.. has recently bought the eele-
hrated Holstein hull Paul Beets l)e Kol. This
animal is said to have more A. It. <). daugh¬
ters (51) than any other bull.

Imported 11oi.steins. — F. l\ Knowles, of
Auburn, Mass., has just returned to this
country from Holland, where he bought a
shipment of line Ilolstein-Friesian cattle, two
yearling bulls and 25 females ranging in age
from two io six years. They will be out of
quarantine about November 1, and will then
be ready for inspection a l liighlawn Farm,
Auburn. Mass, lie states that these ani¬
mals and all their increase will lie sold with¬
out reserve at the breeders’ consignment sale
next June.

Hi i k wheat for Mites. — My remedy for
chicken mites, the ones that, stay in the hen¬
house in the daytime and eat the chickens at
night, is to spread buckwheat straw on the
floor of the henhouse and in the nests, and
sprinkle down with water once or twice a
week. The fresher the straw 1 lie better, hut
any will do, and mites will gradually disap¬
pear. I laughed when I first heard of this
remedy, but tried it and was convinced.

Akeley, Pa. reader.

Turkey Diseases. — The only disease that
seems to have any weight with turkeys is
the infectious eutero-hepatitis, the so-called
black-head, which in my opinion kills nineteen-
twentieths of the young poults. This disease
is plainly indicated by the sores or diseased
spots in the liver, and by the sores in the
blind guts, the cteca. I note an unusual num¬
ber of instances in the poultry papers of tur¬
keys dying of this disease this year, and have
frequent inquiries regarding it. If we cannot
learn how to handle this disease the price of
turkeys will run at the top notch during the
coming years, even if they can be secured at
all. The disease seems to be making progress
in the Middle West, and in the South, and
those turkey owners who have infected flocks
will do well to provide against infection
through importation of new turkeys and pos¬
sibly new flocks into their barnyards. I am
meeting with some slight success in my exper
intents, hut not such ns I can yet point with
any certainty to a method by which poultry-
men can raise any satisfactory percentage of
turkeys. cooper curtice.

It. I. Experiment Station.

“ Hollyrood Farm’s ” Great Dispersion Sale!

Thursday, September 7th, at the Farm.

Located one mile from Circleville, five miles from Middletown. Orange County, N. Y. Trains for
Circleville leave Middletown at 7.35 and 11.20 a. m. Stages will meet these trains.

100 REGISTERED HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS!

EVERYTHING SOLD WITHOUT RESERVE.

Best Lot of Females Ever Offered at Public Auction All young,
good individuals, grandly bred. Representing the best milk and butter
families of the breed. The most important sale of Black and Whites ever
held in the State.

DON’T MIfeS THIS SALE. This stock is the kind every one wants. NO
CULLING, hut the pick of this great herd. SALE STAIiTS AT 9 30

A. M. SHARP. For extended pedigrees and official records address,

James H. Wallick, - - Middletown, N. Y.

&EDNEY FARM

L. E. ORTIZ, General Manager

HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS

GOLDEN STREAMER (15000

Son of Forfarshire out of Golden Stream 8th,
born Feb. 22,1901, amt considered the best Jersey bull
that ever crossed t he Atlantic as a two-year old.

A few choice Hull Calves for sale by GOLDKN
STKKAMKK and GOLDEN FERN’S LAD out of im¬
ported cows.

Specialty— Young Bulls and Heifers, all ages.
Also Imp. CHESTER WHITES and BERKSHIRE
PIGS. Standard-Bred BLACK MINORCAS and
WHITE WYANDOTTK8.

t W~ Correspondence solicited.

GEDNEY FARM. White Plains, N. Y.

SPECIAL BERKSHIRE SALE.

FOR ONE MONTH, from July 29, 1905. we will
sell six to eight weeks old Pigs, ail from registered
Boar, tit $5.00 amt $0.00 each. The lot also includes
many STRAIGHT BRED PIGS, eligible for registry.
Also YORKSHIRE PIGS out of registered Boar.
Write for circular giving full information.

HUDSON VALLEY FARMS, Olens Falls, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005- farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— ami are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON. Prop.. Marbledale, Conn.

Large Eng. Berkshires

1 mported and Domestic Strai ns. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES

la Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

K. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Eng. bacon

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCH FA RM. Rochester. Mich

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning; Canadian and homo bred: big lofty
fellows. 160 premiums won in 1904,

NOAH DENNY. Routed, Fort Recovery. O.

BELGIAN HARES.

Choice brod and in fine condition; 10 weeks old, $2.00
per pair JNO. VRY, Lakeland, Minn.

Registered angora goats.— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion in Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours In
Calves. No. 5 How to make vour
OWN STOCK FOOIl at home.

Or. IluilU Kohertii, Cattle SperlulUt
431 Grand A ve.. Waukesha. Wls.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count 1 >e Kol, who lias 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at bend of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

JF' Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING It. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

THE STEVENS HERD

Offers young COWS and HEIFERS bred to I)e Kol
2d’s Butter Boy 3d, or Beryl Wayne's Paul Do Kol,

Two of the Best HOLSTEIN BULLS Living,

or to the great Imported Bull Karel whose dam and
dam's dam have the largest records of any cows in
Holland.

YOUNG STOCK of both sexes. Their breeding and
individuality will please you. Write or visit us.

HENRY STEVENS & SON,
Hrookside Stock Farm, Lacuna, N. Y.

OAKLAND FARM HERD

FOR | SSI, “PAUL BEETS DeKOL”

aii r ‘ Young f Canary’s Mercedes’ Son ,
oALt / Bulls - DeKol Hengerveld Burke,

' Sired by LSoldene Clotliilde Artis.

WE EDS PORT, N. Y.

T. A. MITCHELL,

Western Horses I Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
, and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. Wo will keep
I you posted as to our sales.

COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Popular Stock. Popular Prices.

STAR FARM leads all its competitors in supplying
the masses with registered Holsteins.

Circulars sent FREE on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

Front Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the jiast
live years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. New York.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HO LSTE I N -Fit 1 ESI ANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 126 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to oiler at prices that will please you.'’

A special otter on some nicely bred BfiA.CAi.VES.

A. A. COltTifiLYOU, Neshnnic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. B. O. Dams, and by such sires at
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. Wo will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Frieslans.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

RK(iisT't) Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Pegs and a vuriety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make yoor own
selections. Send 2c. stump
Fancy of Knreka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

No More Blind Horses

sore eyes, BARRY CO.JowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

.•.:r.THE

EjV; ANIMALS’

«irr-> ^ FRIEND

• Kills every fly it strikes,
when either of our patent
sprayers are used ; keeps off
the rest. &hoo-Fly is the
original stock protector, ab¬
solutely hsn miens to man or
beast. Curcn all sore*, Pre¬
vents contagious diseases,
used by same dairymen since
18tJ5, because it protects cows
in pasture from all in: t
pests longer than any irnita-
_____ . tion. Half cent* 8 worth saves

^quarts milk and much flesh. NO LICE in poultry house orany
blace it is sprayed. Ifyour dealer does not kcepfchoo-Fly (made in
Philadelphia, Pa,,) send $l.t)l) for Improved Three Tube Sprayer
and enough hhoo-Fly to protect 200 cows. Name exp. office. Dol¬
lar returned if cows not protected. Free Booklet describes
Compressed Air Sprayer, will spray 50cowb in few minutes.

SH00-FLY MF’G. CO.. 1028 Fairmount. Phila., Pa.
EDITOR kuoir, fruw experlcac* bboe-Ely la 0. k.

FOR SALE

MALE AND FE-
m _ _ _ MALEELKat

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

■*' . . 8 wks. aDd older, mated not akin. Ser¬

vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money tf not satisfactory. Reg.
HolBtelns. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
In Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock ; ready for Herviee: at farmer’s price.
It. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St.. Pittsburg. Pa.

GUERNSEY CATTLE \ Excellent

Chester White Swine V K'?oKw

o« sale. Clover Knoll Stock Farm, Orangeville, Pa,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

643

EGG PEDIGREE FOR HENS.

I don’t know that it has ever been dem¬
onstrated that a hen transmits through
the egg her laying qualities to the off¬
spring. Wouldn't it be a reversal of na¬
ture's plan if she did not? It takes
years to demonstrate it because the male
must be “reckoned with.” In my two or
three years’ work at the Utah Station 1
think I can sec evidences in the records
that the hen does transmit her laying
qualities. Then, if she does, 1 believe
that “breeding for eggs,” trap-nesting
hens, will do more than any other one
thinp; to make the returns from the hens
mori certain and profitable. I he first
diffii ulty we meet with in trap-nesting is
to get a trap nest that is reliable. 1 have
tried a number of different kinds. The
one i have used at the Utah Station for
two years is simple and accurate when
properly made. The second difficulty is
the time it takes to attend to the nests
It is not practicable for every person with
a flock of liens to trap-nest his layers any
more than it would be practicable for
every corn-grower in the United States to
go to the expense of plant breeding in
order to improve his corn. In either
case it will be done by men who are in the
poultry business and in the corn-growing
business on a large enough scale to make
it pay. and the neighbors will get the
benefit. There are few keepers of poul
try who do not at some time or another
buy and import a rooster and pay a good
price for him just because he happens to
have feathers of a certain color. Would
it not pay him many times over to buy
his rooster from a reputable breeder or
an experiment station, one that was guar¬
anteed to be from heavy laying stock or
200-egg stock, or ] 50-egg stock, which¬
ever he was willing to pay for? As it is
now, lie is just as likely to get a rooster
from a 20-egg hen, like the one illus¬
trated ill the Utah bulletin, as from the
241-egg hen illustrated in the same bulle¬
tin, because the robber hen lays, when she
lays at all, during the hatching season.
The trouble is to know who the reputable
breeders are, because, though poultrymen
are a little better than other people, there
are, 1 am afraid, some would-be poultry-
men, who in order to get-rich-quick,
wouldn’t hesitate selling a cockerel to a
confiding purchaser on his guarantee that
it was from a hen that laid 200 eggs in
one year when for the life of him he
couldn’t tell whether the cockerel was
from his best layer or from one that never
laid an egg. Rut the robber hen must go,
even though the robber poult ryman flour¬
ishes in the meantime. james dryden.

SULPHURED BONES FOR POULTRY.

I know that by putting fresh bones In a
tight box and burning sulphur therein ilie
bones will not decay. Is there anything in¬
jurious to fowls in bones prepared that way?
Of course sulphur In itself is not, but how
about tlie gas caused by burning it on t lie
bones and meat? w. c. E.

Auburn, N. V.

The method has not become very popu¬
lar among poultrymen, because too much
sulphur makes the fowls more liable to
catarrhal troubles. On general principles
it is better to avoid all drugs for fowls
that are healthy.

REVOLUTION IN THE CREAMERY
BUSINESS.

It Is reported that the recent organization
of creameries into a combination under con¬
trol of one management lias had t lit* effect of
crowding the small local creameries out of
business. We are told that the large cream¬
eries are able to squeeze out the little ones.
Is tliis report correct?

There are hundreds of creameries in
existence that make 20 to 30 tubs per
week. We think it is only in certain
sections of Minnesota, Nebraska and
Kansas that the controlling spirit pre¬
vails. c. O. TAYLOR.

Chicago, 111.

Our observations lead us to believe that
in the Middle West territory the large
creamery combinations have driven out
the small local creameries, or at least have

made it impossible for such local organiza¬
tions, under doubtful management, to pay
anywhere near as much in money to the
farmers for their milk or cream as the
larger institutions. In the East, however,
there has been no attempt toward cream¬
ery organization, outside of large milk
shipping interests,

THE HE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

There has certainly been a change in the
mode of handling the milk through the
West in the past live years and to-day
farmers are using farm separators and
shipping their cream long distances. We
know of instances where they have been
shipping from Colorado to Omaha, and
from western Kansas to St. Joseph, Mo.
There is a tendency on the part of cream¬
eries that have been handling whole milk,
to oppose the taking in of cream, and this
in many instances causes the farmer to
look for an outlet away from home. After
shipping once or twice lie finds he makes
more money, and this in a short time dis¬
rupts the home organization. We should
judge from the report of our Dairy Com¬
missioner that the small creameries were
to some extent going out.

IOWA DAIRY SEPARATOR CO.

It is a fact that large creameries have
in some localities succeeded in driving
smaller concerns out of business, though
this is not true of all localities. However,
our experience has been that the large
concentrating factory has had the effect
of lowering the grade of butter marketed
from the territory over which it operates.
One of the principal causes of this is that
the large factory drawing its supply of
cream from an extensive territory has to
have it transported by wagon or train a
considerable distance, thus in many in¬
stances allowing the cream to arrive at the
factory in a condition not calculated to
produce a high grade of butter. We do
not think that the small local factory will
ever be driven out of business entirely.
For the good of the butter business at
large we hope that it will not be.

Chicago, 111. j. H. white & co.

It is true that in the Central West a
large number of the small butter factories
have gone out of business as separate in¬
stitutions, but in most cases they have sold

out to larger concerns at a satisfactory
figure. The advent of the hand separa¬
tor has worked a revolution in the cream¬
ery business, and in some communities
where the local creameries have doggedly
hung on to the old system of skimming
all the milk at the creamery and sending
the mixture of skimmed milk, water, etc.,
back to the farmer, such creameries have
been forced to close because of the fact
that larger concerns, operating on the
hand separator plan, were able to, and
did, pay the farmers more for their butter
fat than the local creameries could pay
under their plan of operation, at the same
time giving the farmer the advantage of
the fresh, warm skimmed milk to feed im¬
mediately after milking and separating. So
far as our observation goes, none of the
smaller creameries has been squeezed out
because of size as compared with the larg¬
er organizations, but because of the fact
that they have . persistently refused to
adopt modern methods, which pay the
farmer more for his product. Through¬
out Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Nebras¬
ka, South Dakota and Iowa, we would
say that fully 75 per cent of the butter
product comes from hand separators. In
Minnesota it is about an even break, while
in Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana
and Ohio, the hand separator creameries
tire securing a firm foothold which is
bound to become stronger from year to
year, until the same conditions which pre¬
vail further West will control the manu¬
facture of butter in those States. East¬
ern creamerymen are beginning to recog¬
nize the advantages of the hand separator
system and are working into it gradually,
and it is only a question of time when the
smaller creameries in Eastern States will
adopt this plan of operation or else the
farmers who now give them support will
ship their cream to some centralizing plant
which operates exclusively on the hand
separator plan, and is in position to pay
them more for their butter fat than the
local creamery can pay while operating on
what is known as the whole milk plan.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

MOST PROFITABLE OF
ALL FARM MACHINES

This is what the De Laval Cream Separator has proved
to be, — proved to be a necessity to anyone owning
three or more cows. Twenty years of experience on
the part of hundreds of thousands of De Laval users
bear witness to this fact. Likewise lias the De Laval
proved to be the most profitable of all cream separators. The
superiority of De Laval construction is responsible for
this fact. In the first place, of equivalent capacities
the De Laval is actually cheapest, — then the use of the
“Alpha” or “Disc” and patented ‘ Split Wing” skim¬
ming device, enables the De Laval to gain and save
twice as much as the best of imitating separators,
while the simple, mechanically correct, low speed
gearing of the De Laval makes it capable of lasting four times
as long as other separators. And again its operation is
accomplished with the greatest possible ease and
economy, all of which in addition to a hundred other
features of superiority make the De Laval separator the
best that money can produce. As for the first cost, if you
have the ready cash there is a fair discount for it,
but if not, any reputable buyer may buy a De Laval on
such liberal terms that it means securing the best of
separators actually free of cost, for it will earn its cost and
more while you are paying for it. Write for new
catalogue and full particulars.

The De Laval SeparatorCo.

Randolph & Canal Sts. ,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

644

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 26, 1 !)05.

HUMOROUS

1 om my, did you give your brother the
best part of the apple, as I told you to?’’
I ommy: “Yessum; I gave him the seeds.
He can plant ’em and have a whole or¬
chard. — Youth.

Little Maggie (who has company):
“We’ve been playing school, mamma.”
Mamma: “Indeed! And did you behave
nicely?” Little Maggie: “Oh, I didn’t
have to behave. I was teacher.” — Tit-Bits.

“Maggie!” “Yes’m.” “Why didn’t
you put this watermelon in the icebox
as 1 told you?” “I did, mum.” “But it
isn’t cold.” "No, mum. Yez see, I had
to take the ice out to get it in.” — Cleve¬
land Plain Dealer.

Father: “I'm glad to see, Willie, that
you were sixth in your class last week.
You were only eleventh the week before.”
Willie: “Yes. sir; five of the boys was
home sick all last week.” — Philadelphia
Ledger.

Visitor: “I wish to see your em¬
ployer.” Office Boy: “I'm sorry to say
lie's not in.” Visitor: “Why are you
sorry to say it?” Office Boy: “Because
it goes agin me conscience to tell lies.” —
Cleveland Leader.

Friend: “What’s that bix box on the
front of your machine?” Automobilist :
“That’s a camera for taking moving pic¬
tures. “You see, I go so fast I don’t
have time to look at the scenery, and so I
photograph it as I go along-” — L’lllustra-
tion.

Patient (just before operation) :
“Now, doctor, before you go any further,
tell me just what’s, the matter with me?”
Dr. Kutem (absently) : “Do you think
if 1 knew what was the matter with you
that I'd hold this operation?” — Brook¬
lyn Eagle.

Mrs. Nuritch : “Mebbe we’d get one
o’ these family escutcheons there’s so
much talk about. Every swell house
seems to have one. I wonder what it is.”
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ELLISKEYSTONEAGfi’LWORKS.Pottstown.Pa

Vol. LXIV. No. 2901.

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 2, 1905.

WEEKLY, 11.00 PEK YEAR

FRUITS FOR HOME USE.

Best Varieties for Central Illinois.

I would ) iko the opinion of several of your readers as to
the quantity and best varieties of apple, pear, peach, plum,
cherry, grapes, red and blackcap raspberries and blackberries
for home use for small family in central Illinois, on the rich
black land of the corn belt. On the space set apart for an
orchard we think the following number of trees can be set
to best advantage as to distance : 28 apple, 20 or more

peach, eight pear, six cherry, 12 plum and two quince trees,
with, one row grapes, two rows blackberries, one row red and
one row blackcap raspberries, the length of a row of apple

Early Crawford, four Oldmixon Free, four Champion,
four Late Crawford, four Elberta. Eight pear : Four
Kieffcr, one Seckcl, one Bartlett, two Duchess, Dwarf;
six Early Richmond cherry; 12 plum: four Wild Goose,
two Abundance, two Burbank, two Lombard, two Wolf.
Two Orange quince. Grapes : Equal planting of
Moore’s Early, Worden, Concord and Niagara. Red
raspberry, Cuthbert; black raspberry, three- fourths
Gregg, one-fourth Older. Blackberries, all Snyder.
This will make plenty of fruit for one family the year
around, to which should be added a liberal supply of

They will come into bearing before any other fruit other
than berries, and we do not think there is anything so
indispensable for family use. We would plant but
few pears, as they soon blight, and give us very little
return on an investment. It is no use to start an
orchard even for home use unless you intend to culti¬
vate it properly and use the sprayer diligently.

Southern Indiana. w. w. stevens.

I should say that from ;if) to 40 apple trees were suffi¬
cient for an average-sized family; less would be enough
in good crop years. Peaches, pears and quinces are so

TFIE ARMY OF PICKERS IN AN INDIANA BERRY FIELD. Fig. 272. See Page 648.

trees of 14 trees set 35 feet apart. Would the above number
of trees and plants supply a small or medium-sized family
with plenty of fruit, if given good care? I would like to
plant different varieties of each kind of fruit, and would like*
to know if it is necessary to plant two trees of a kind in
order to have them bear well ; that is, would one Ben Davis
apple or one Bartlett pear tree bear well if standing among
other apple or pear trees of different kind's? I have often
heard they will not. .r. .r. j.

Waverly, Ill.

Plant as follows : 28 apples, two Duchess, two
Benoni, one Sweet June, two Maiden’s Blush, two
I'ameuse, one Wealthy, one Ramsdell’s Sweet, two Fall
Pippin, three Jonathan, four Ben Davis, four Minkler,
two Northwestern Greening, one Willow Twig, one
Tolman, Twenty-four peach: Four Amsden, four

rhubarb and asparagus, two of our “best fruits” in early
Spring, and later of course tomatoes, etc.

McLean Co., Ill. geo. j. foster.

I have had no experience in growing fruit on black
land, and could not advise what varieties would do
best in. this instance. This fact can best be ascertained
from experienced fruit growers in the vicinity where
the orchard is to be located. For even the home orchard
we would not advise planting too many varieties of
apples, or any other kinds of fruit, but what we planted
•would be of the very best varieties as to quality and
adaptability to location. In the above we think there
ate too many plunts and not enough cherries. It is a
difficult matter to have too many grapes for home use.

uncertain that it is difficult to advise as to amount to
plant, but would think the number named all that it is
desirable to plant- As the rows are to be about 30 rods
long, and grapes may be planted eight feet apart, one-
row should give grapes in great variety and abundance.
One row of blackberries well taken care of should be
sufficient, and one row of raspberries where the canes
are healthy and not affected with anthracnose. If very
fond of raspberries of course a row of red and one
black might not come amiss. Nothing is said of cur¬
rants and gooseberries, which should form a part of
every fruit garden. Three dozen currants and two
dozen gooseberries should give a very good supply of
these fruits. I would advise not to make too large

646

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2,

plantings, and give the best of care and attention, which
will give better results than large plantings and neglect.
Below is the list of fruits recommended by the Horti¬
cultural Society of Central Illinois for their district,
which will do for a basis, my main objection to it being
that so many varieties of some fruits are named as to
be confusing to the amateur. Add any fruits which are
specially successful in the immediate neighborhood and
reject any on this list which are failures in the locality.

Apples for family orchard : Summer, Benoni, Sops of
Wine, Early Harvest, Duchess, Golden Sweet, Keswick
Codlin. Fall, Maiden’s Blush, Fameuse, Autumn Straw¬
berry, Wealthy, Ramsdell Sweet. Early Winter, Jona-
athan, Roman Stem, Grimes Golden. Late Winter,
M inkier, Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Willow, Rail’s
Janet. Crab apples, Hyslop, Transcendent. Standard
pears, Tyson, Howell, Flemish Beauty, Sheldon, Kieffer,
Seckel, Sudduth, Lincoln, Garber, Lawrence. Dwarf
pears, Duchess. Plums, DeSoto, Damson, Miner, Wild
Goose, Wolf, Japan, Red June, Abundance, Burbank,
Pottawattamie. Cherries (early), Richmond, (English)
Morello, Montmorency, Dyehouse. Blackberries, Snyder,
Early Harvest. Raspberries, red, Turner, Cuthbert;
black, Gregg, Kansas, Older; purple, Columbian, Shaf¬
fer. Strawberries, Crescent, Lovett, Bubach, Warfield,
Haverland, Clyde, Dunlap. Late, Gandy, Parker Earle,
Brandywine. Grapes, Moore’s Early, Worden, Poekling-
ton. Woodruff Red, Concord, Niagara, Brighton. Goose¬
berries, Houghton, Downing. Currants, Red Dutch,
Fay's Prolific, White Grape.

It is generally recommended not to plant too large
blocks of one variety of apple, and especially of pear
and plum trees, but to mix varieties to some extent, as
giving better fertilization, and consequently better crops
of fruit; therefore I do not know why one tree of a kind
among other apple or pear trees would not bear as well
as though there were several of a kind.

Bureau Co., Ill. L. r. bryant.

I am not acquainted with the locality where these trees
and plants are to be planted. In the absence of exact
knowledge as to the best varieties for that soil and
situation, the best advice that can be given is to inquire
of those who have had experience in the locality where
the trees are to be planted, and find out what varieties
endure the climate and give most satisfactory results.
In that locality I should plant fewer peach — not more
than 10 — and six or eight plum will be ample for fam¬
ily use. If I wanted to occupy a certain amount of
ground with trees and small fruits I would increase
the amount of apples, as they are most likely to give
best returns, and the surplus easier disposed of. The
number of trees and plants suggested, if well cared for,
ought to afford a surplus above that for family use.
As to pollination — when different varieties of apple,
pear, etc., are planted near each other there will be
no difficulty about perfect fertilization. c. m. hobbs.

Marion Co., Ind.

I would plant as follows: Apple — one Yellow Trans¬
parent, one Early Strawberry, one Autumn Strawberry,
two Duchess, two Maiden’s Blush, two Large Rambo,
one Golden Sweet, four Jonathan, two Missouri Pippin,
two Ben Davis, four Rome Beauty, two Winesap, two
Huntsman Favorite, two Grimes. I cannot recommend
any pear that would pay for planting; they are all blight¬
ing here. Plum — Shropshire Damson, Wild Goose. I
have tried a great many of Burbank’s seedlings; they are
no good here. Peach — two Champion, two Early Craw¬
ford, two Mountain Rose, four Elberta, four Oldmixon
Cling, four Oldmixon Free, two Large York. Cherry
— two Early Richmond, Late Richmond or Duke ; they
are sure bearers, never fail with me. I have abandoned
all others. Raspberries — blackcaps, Kansas, Gregg, red,
Loudon, Turner. Blackberries — Snyder, Early King.
Grapes — Early Champion, Moore’s Early, Worden.
Niagara. I do not consider it necessary to plant two of
a kind ; with good care you will have fruit to spare.

I wonder if we ever stop to think of the real value
of the work The R. N.-Y. is doing in asking for the
advice of others? Had I done as J. J. J. has done 10
years I would have been many a dollar ahead. I have
always held back in hopes some one else would ask.

I feel I am duty bound to do anything The R. N.-Y.
asks of ; I am always quoting it, and as a friend said :
“You seem to swear by The R. N.-Y.” I said I did,
and was not ashamed of it. I wish every farmer in
Pike County would take it. They would make more
money and much easier. a. s. archer.

With a good location, good soil, good varieties, and
good treatment, the number of trees and vines named by
the inquirer should furnish an ample supply of fruit for
a small family, at from four to six years from planting,
and a bountiful one, when in full bearing, for a large
family, if living within the climatic conditions of Illi¬
nois. Of the four conditions above named, the selec¬
tion of the varieties is, perhaps, of the most importance,
as no matter how good in quality a variety may be,
if it does not bear fruit, it is, of course, worthless for
the purposes of your correspondent. It would be mere
guesswork on my part to name the varieties for him,
knowing nothing of the location and soil. The safe

rule is to plant such varieties as do best in his vicinity,
and iw^Jiiore profitable work can be done in connection
with the work of the orchard than to spend a few days
among the orchards and horticulturists of one’s neigh¬
borhood, taking along a full list of varieties of the
different kinds of fruits proposed to plant and checking

JOHN It. WILLIAMS. Fig. 273. See Page 653.

them off as the inquirer goes along. By so doing none
will be overlooked- nor forgotten. For this purpose I
give a partial list of such as succeed best here. Apples
■ — Yellow Transparent, Red Astrachan, Benoni, Maiden’s
Blush, Grimes, Jonathan. Northern Spy, Ben Davis.
Pear — Sugar, Seckel, Bartlett, Kieffer, Lawrence. Peach
— Sneed, Champion, Early Crawford, Late Crawford,
Crosby. Elberta, Smock, Pleath Cling. Plum — Red June,
Ogon, Abundance, Burbank, Shipper's Pride, Bradshaw,
Damsons. Cherry — Early Richmond, Montmorency,
English Morello, Quince, Orange. Grape — Moore’s
Early, Concord, Worden, Catawba, Diamond. Blackber¬

SAMFLE PAGE FROM FARM REPORT. FlG. 274.

See Page 653.

ries — Snyder, Lucretia. Raspberries — Gregg, Kansas,
Cuthbert, Shaffer. In planting the larger fruits it is wise
to mix the varieties for best possible results in pollina¬
tion. The Japan plums should be planted together, as
they bloom earlier than the European species. The
small fruits will take care of themselves in that respect.

Indiana. j. w. trinkle.

POULTRY AND PIGS.

How Not To Do It.

We can often learn valuable lessons by our own and
others’ mistakes, if they prompt us carefully to avoid
them in the future. In fact, one of the first things
needed to be learned in any vocation, trade or pro¬
fession, is what not to do. Frail human nature is such
that when one is starting in on anything new to him,
it seems almost sure that his first move will be a wrong
one, even though he may have been previously cautioned
against those identical mistakes. Somehow previous in¬
struction and warning does not always sufficiently im¬
press the mind, until personal loss has been suffered
by not heeding it. Here is a case containing a lesson :
After working 32 years in a machine shop in the city,
and getting somewhat along in years, the subject of
this incident thought he would like a change to the open
air, and to an occupation that would give him a sure and
ample support in a less monotonous kind of work- He
read up on poultry and pigs, and learned of several-
some whom he knew — who had made a good thing in
that line, in two or three years, making a net income of
about $2,500 per year. He thought to go out and buy
a little place and do likewise. Five miles out of the
city, in an adjoining town, he bought five acres, having
a little cottage and barn, for about $1,800. He then
bought 20 acres adjoining of rough land covered with
rocks and birch sprouts. He repaired and painted the
house and barn “as fine as a fiddle,” built a nice hen¬
house, 100 or more feet long, clapboarded, papered and
painted, having wire divisions, and run of the same
width and 150 feet long for each division inclosed with
galvanized wire netting. He bought 300 hens, and put
in the house and yards, hired a young man and his
wife to care for the hens and occupy the cottage, he
still living in the city and driving out and back every
day to look after things. He made a large addition to
the small stable and stocked it with $200 worth of grain
for his hens, which were to be increased to 1,000 before
the year was out. He hired Armenians to dig rocks
out of the new addition to the five acres, put 40 pigs
in the cellar of stable, which he fed on the milk
(probably skimmed) of two cows and swill from the
city. The swill was collected in large galvanized cov¬
ered cylinders by a colored boy, who accompanied the
man out to the poultry farm every day all Winter, no
matter how cold or stormy, unless the road was impas¬
sably blocked with snow. They passed my place — about
half way out — usually about 11 A. M. in Winter, and in
Summer from 9 to 10 A. M. The second Spring an¬
other larger henhouse, about 300 feet long, was built,
and a piggery about 300 feet long, both as nicely built,
and painted and yarded with wire fence runs, as was
the first henhouse. About 140 pigs and young hogs were
bought and put into the new piggery, and several hun¬
dred more hens put into the new henhouse. A new
barn, costing $3,000. with nice deep cellar under the
whole, was also built, having the name of the farm
painted across both ends of the barn in letters that
could be easily read one mile away. In front of the cot¬
tage was placed a post bearing the name “F - Poul¬

try Farm’’ printed in gold leaf letters. A new well and
windmill pumped water to all these henhouses and pig¬
gery. A fine span of $450 horses made the daily trips
from the city to the poultry farm.

Probably all this show, located on a good macadam¬
ized State road, where automobiles were whizzing by
every few minutes, served to establish at once a reputa¬
tion for all the fresh eggs his poultry could lay, and
the writer sometimes had pressing calls to spare enough
of his hens’ eggs to help him out temporarily on his
orders. Sometimes I could do it for a day, but usually
I could not without disappointing the man who took all
my eggs at my own door. I felt quite an interest —
not to say solicitude — to see this new enterprise suc¬
ceed. But having had about 30 years’ experience with
poultry myself, which had been fairly successful, and
two seasons with a few hogs — which were the very re¬
verse — I could not help having many misgivings. As
a gentle caution to what seemed like too hasty a branch¬
ing out before having acquired any practical knowledge
of the business himself I related my own unsuccessful
attempt at pork raising, and also quoted the late Henry
Ward Beecher in his experiment as amateur pork rais¬
ing. Beecher bought two pigs for $12, fed them $26
worth of corn and sold the pork for $18. He said he
“made something on the pigs but rather lost on the
corn.” But the enthusiasm of this beginner brushed
away such examples as trivial and entirely inapplicable
to his case. The example of the one who netted $2,500
per year in hog raising was the only one to be imitated
in his case.

He planned to build a new dwelling at the beginning
of the next year — “if I don’t go to the poor house” — in¬
timating a remote possibility in his thoughts, but by
no means a probability. The new dwelling was not
built. But before the cold weather of the second Fall
the whole enterprise had collapsed and been sold out.
The $3,000 new barn was empty, except the new carts
and sleds and wagons in the cellar. The water in the
new irrigating plant froze up. The piggery and the
larger henhouse were without pigs or hens. Only a
few hens were kept in the small house by the impecuni¬
ous purchaser, and still so remains. He mortgaged the
place to a savings bank for money to put up all these
buildings. The bank refused to loan another dollar on
the estate. The sales of eggs, poultry and pork did not
seem to pay for the feed and leave any margin with
which to enlarge the business. When the stock could
not be kept up by buying on credit, as before, the busi¬
ness had to stop. The neighbors who bought much of
the stuff at the close-up estimated that he must have
sunk $5,000 in less than two years instead of making
a profit of $2,500 yearly, as he fully expected to do
when he got fairly started. The real trouble was the
man beginning the enterprise had neither experience nor
much money. When the experiment closed there were
two persons who had acquired experience, but neither
of them had any money, t. h. r.

Massachusetts.

1 905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

t>47

WHAT BECOMES OF CARBONIC ACID?

Good Ventilation Necessary.

I wish to kuow what becomes of carbonic acid in a collar
(under a living room) seven feet in the clay, with a good
hardhead well ; no cement bottom, but clay. If carbonic
acid is heavier than air, how do tall trees imbibe it?

Fayette, Ohio. it. e. r.

All gaseous substances which have the physical prop¬
erties of air, under ordinary pressure and temperature
conditions, when produced or liberated in a given
place, tend to expand and diffuse in all directions under
the energy of motion resident in every molecule of the
gas, and which is greater or less according as the
temperature is high or low. The pressure which air
exerts when it is compressed in a confined space is only
an expression or measure of the effort of the molecules
to escape in all directions through the confining walls.
But when an opening is made in the confining wall
which allows the air to escape, until the pressure is
equalized through the escape of a part of the confined
air, the escape of air does not cease when the pressure
becomes equalized. The real condition is that some air
is all the time continuing to escape through the opening,
but an equal amount of the outside air enters, thus
maintaining an equal pressure outside, and this gives
the appearance that no interchange is taking place at
all, which, however, is never true unless the surrounding
walls are of the most impervious nature.

The fact that carbonic acid is heavier than air and
can be carried in pails through the air as water is car¬
ried, and poured from one vessel to another, leads to
the impression that if the pail is only set down and left
undisturbed the carbonic acid should remain in the
pail permanently as we ordinarily think of water doing.
But when we recall our experience critically we know
that the pail filled with water and set anywhere open to
the air gradually loses its water by evaporation, until
in the end the pail becomes dry. We
realize that this would have happened, in
due time, if the pail had been set on the
bottom of the cellar. So, too, with the
cellar bottom completely impervious and
covered with water, we readily concede
that it would only be a matter of time
when the water would have all disap¬
peared by evaporation, and in some man¬
ner escaped from the cellar to the outside
air. At the surface of water, even when
frozen, some of it is all the time being
converted into the gaseous form, and in
this form it diffuses away into the sur¬
rounding space, and this we call, for
liquids like water, evaporation ; but the
escape, after evaporation has taken place,
is in no sense different from the diffusion
of carbonic acid gas away from any place
where it may have been produced-

Another illustration will, perhaps, make
the case more clear. Maple syrup is heav¬
ier than water, but if a cup of it were
carefully lowered to the bottom of a pail
of water and allowed to remain there en¬
tirely undisturbed, in due time the syrup
would rise, molecule by molecule, and diffuse itself, with
almost absolute uniformity, through the entire volume of
water, leaving the solution in the cup no sweeter than that
to be found in any other part of the pail. If another cup
were set loosely over the one containing the syrup, which
would then be in the relation of the cellar containing
carbonic acid, it is clear that it would only be a matter
of a longer time before complete diffusion would take
place, and the syrup would have found its way to all
portions of the surrounding water.

When carbonic acid is generated in a cellar, or in a
well, through the decomposition of organic matter, as
happens most of the time in the soil when the tempera¬
ture is high enough, if it forms faster than the rate
of diffusion aided by wind pressure and wind suction,
then there is an accumulation of the carbonic acid in
the air of the cellar above that which is normal or
healthful. So, in the silo during the early stages of
filling when the carbonic acid is forming rapidly, it not
infrequently accumulates faster than diffusion is able
to remove it, and the air may become so charged as
to endanger life. It is sometimes said that we are need¬
lessly solicitous about ventilation ; that in the good old
days little thought was given to it, and yet people seldom
suffered from poor ventilation. To this it must be re¬
plied that great changes have come over the methods
both of construction and of heating of dwellings. The
oM-fashioned fireplace sucked an immense volume of
air through every available opening in wall, door or
window, and sent it hurrying in an endless stream out
through the great chimney. Then there was ventila¬
tion and to spare. The introduction of stoves and closer
construction of walls did not alter the principle, but it
did reduce the volume of air drawn into and sent out
of the apartments in a given time. With the introduc¬
tion of steam, hot water and electric heating; and with
the adoption of gasoline, kerosene, and gas ranges and

stoves for the kitchen, laundry and sometimes for sit¬
ting and sleeping rooms, there is the widest possible
departure from the old conditions. Under the new con¬
ditions referred to the apartments become the tightest
boxes which can .well be constructed, with closed lids,
and with the chimney and all other means for the
change of air absent, The lamps, the stoves and the
people, under these conditions, render the air unfit for
breathing at far more than double the old rate, because
not only are the apartments tighter, but the oxygen of
the air in the room is consumed and the entire waste
product thrown back to pollute and dilute the oxygen
that remains, Because these new devices do not smoke
and the products of combustion are invisible it does not
follow that they have not vitiated the air for purposes
of respiration.

In the dairy barn, in the poultry house and in other
apartments, closely constructed, where considerable
numbers of animals are housed together during the
Winter, we have conditions which are identical with a
tightly closed kitchen without chimney and the prod¬
ucts of combustion thrown back into the room. Not
only does each animal use the oxygen of the air in the
stable, but it throws back into the air a corresponding
amount of the heavy carbonic acid, and with it large
quantities of moisture, together with other products
which pollute the air and render it extremely unwhole¬
some if allowed to accumulate beyond a certain per¬
centage amount. In the wholly unventilated stables
closed tightly on cold Winter nights, it is only by the
slow process of diffusion which has been described,
aided by wind suction and pressure, with a little con¬
vection taking place through openings we have tried,
without succeeding, to close, that the interchange of
fresh and impure air takes place. Such conditions are
neither healthful nor do they lead to an economical con¬
sumption of hay or grain in the production of growth,

milk, meat or eggs. The process of diffusion alone is
sufficient to carry the heavy carbonic acid well up
through the main body of the atmosphere just as it is
able to keep the heavy sea salts distributed through
the greatest depths of the ocean, but convection and
other currents assist in carrying the carbonic acid up¬
ward from the earth’s surface, where much is being con¬
tinually liberated as well as fixed. Trees, therefore,
find always an abundance of carbonic acid about their
uppermost branches, no matter how tall they may be.

_ [prof.] f. h. king.

OXEN ON THE FARM.

The day of the ox team on the farm is nearly over
in this country, for the reason that they are too slow
to keep up with the procession. There is not one man
in 10 who knows how to drive them ; still there are a
few yokes of oxen in the country yet. Most of them
are raised and trained or “broken” (as the case may
be) in the lower Adirondack region, where they can
be bought for from $100 to $125 per yoke. The one
shown in Fig. 275, with his mate, was raised and par¬
tially trained near Warrensburgh, N. Y. After we got
them their education was continued, till they under¬
stood quite a little of the English language, and I
often said they knew more than some men. In the
picture old Buck is doing his part toward entertaining
the city cousin who visits us- I have raked hay with
this ox, and have run the mowing machine with him
and his mate, and I alone, with them and hay loader,
have put a ton of hay on the wagon in less than 15 min¬
utes. An ox team is a handy thing to have; they hardly
ever get lame, never get the heaves, and their harness
will last a lifetime with no special care. When they
get old you can fatten them and sell them for more
than they were worth when they were young, c. v. D.

Schuylerville, N. Y.

A SILO IN THE BARN.

A New York Man Makes “ Sweet ” Silage.

I notice that Edward Van Alstyne, at page 583, takes
a long step towards assisting the farmers who must
economize in building silos, and I will try to take an¬
other one. 1 have two silos that have been making
‘‘sweet silage” for a number of years, to the great satis¬
faction of the cows, and in building them I did not use
cement or stones. One rainy day we dug the holes in
the bays of the old Dutch barn 17 x 19 feet, and six
feet deep, and placed sills 6 x 8 in them, notching and
pinning them together at the corners and on them
stood 2x8 pieces 2/ feet apart and 22 feet long, on
which we toe-nailed 2x8 pieces 16 feet 4 inches and
18 feet 4 inches long — two of each — and pinned them
together at the corners. The uprights were also well
toe-nailed to the sills, and we added no other girths
or ties to keep the sides together. There has never
been any apparent necessity for such ; the corners have
never opened, nor the sides bulged in the slightest.
Still, I cut my corn after it gets in the dough state,
when there is little juice or water in the stalks, hence
the silage has no tendency to spread in settling. After
we nailed on the first set of boards we sawed 4x4
scantling cornerwise and nailed the half pieces in the
corners of the silos, which made it better to turn the
corners with the tarred paper, and to insure the corners
we tacked on pieces of tarred paper cut eight inches
long before putting on the long paper; also tacked on
pieces over any holes or tears in the long paper ; then
nailed on the second set of boards. The doorways are
between two of the uprights, and open all the way to
the 2x8 piece on top, and on their faces are two
strips nailed \/ inch apart to hold the door boards in
place, which are narrow flooring, tongued and grooved,
and cut a little short to allow their being raised at one
end when slipped into the slots. Inside are placed
pieces of tarred paper cut three feet long
across the doors, against which the silage
is banked and well trodden, all of which
is done thoroughly.

My soil being sandy loam, and porous,
we put in clay in the bottom wetted and
pounded down, which must be done care¬
fully, or the silo will prove a failure. A
farmer in Dutchess County built an ex¬
pensive silo, and to perfect it, as he
thought, dug a drain from the center out,
and covered it with a grating. But Mas,
when he opened his silo to feed he found
a big box full of corn manure ! Tbe drain
had let the silage preserver — carbonic
acid gas— ywhich is heavier than the air,
flow away, which allowed the air to fol¬
low in, and keep up the fermentation until
the silage rotted- It is not only import¬
ant to make the silo absolutely tight, but
also to close the doorway higher than the
silage while filling. One evening we cut
so late that I had to take a lantern into
the silo to fit the tarred paper, and to
make a good lap I dug away the silage
about two feet, and placed the lantern
in the bottom, but to my surprise the light went out
in a few moments, proving that the carbonic acid gas
is set free very soon after the corn is cut, for this silage
had not been cut two hours. A few days after my man
hurried to me, saying; “I guess there will be an ex¬
plosion or something at the silo, for when I was cut¬
ting the door boards I dropped tbe saw down between
the uprights below the barn floor, and every time I let
the lantern down it goes out,” showing that the car¬
bonic acid gas had flowed down and filled the space.
On going to the house my sister asked me to drown
some .mice in the wire trap, but instead of using water
I took them to the silo, and in two minutes they were
dead.

The way I effect “sweet silage” is to cut into one
silo one day and into the other the next, which allows
the first to heat up very high, or ferment longer, from
which the silage when taken out is sweet and smells
like wine and prunes, instead of pickles, as when silage
is rushed in. We keep the silage level, but do not
tread it down until the second day, just before begin¬
ning to cut, when we do it thoroughly.

I think Mr. Van Alstyne has made a mistake in the
size necessary for 20 cows. A round silo 15 x 25 feet
would hold only 90 tons, while 20 cows require 140
tons. “Reader” would better build 12 x 24 and 24
feet high, with a partition in the center. The doors
should be near each other, so as to fill both without
moving the cutter, unless he uses a carrier, which is
far better. A great saving can be effected by taking
logs to the mill and having the lumber cut. costing but
$4 per 1,000, instead of $24. j. v. henry nott,

Ulster Co., N. Y.

The Iowa Homestead tells of a fanner who asked the
price of a eow over the telephone. When lie went for the
cow he found that she had been bought by a neighbor who
hud an ear at the phone during the conversation !

AN ADIRONDACK TROTTER— SLOW BUT SURE. Fig. 275.

648

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2,

FARMERS’ CLUB

\ Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising 'columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Pansies in Maine.

G. R. R., Eastport, Me. — Is the pansy seed
sown in the open ground for carrying over
Winter and transplanted in the cold frames,
or sown directly in the frames? Would It he
necessary to give air and light, or should the
the frames be protected and left till Spring?

Ans. — We sow the seed soon after the
middle of August, and when the pansies
are up large enough to handle we trans¬
plant into a frame, and don’t put anything
over them until the frost comes. Then,
when they are frozen quite solid, we put
the glass on, also the shutters, and cover
them up with leaves or litter to keep out
all light, and leave them all Winter. In
the Spring, after the snow has gone, we
take off litter and then gradually bring
them to the light until it is warm enough
to give them air, and then handle them as
you would any frame plant.

Maine. james fyles.

Grafting the Walnut.

H. A. R., Easton, Pa. — Can the English
walnut he grafted on to the Black walnut,
such as is found in most parts of Pennsyl¬
vania?

Ans. — The Persian (wrongly called
English) walnut will grow when grafted
on the California Black walnut, and I
think it would he equally successful on
the eastern species. These native wal¬
nuts are very near akin, and similar in
growth of wood, leaves, etc., but I have
never seen a test of the grafting of any
foreign species of walnut upon the east¬
ern one. It is very difficult to graft any
of the nut trees, and the walnut seems to
he the hardest of all to make grow.

H. e. v. D.

Michigan Cherry Trees Fail.

J. II. 8., liny City, Mich. — Can you tell me
what causes my cherry trees to die? I lose
some, every Winter. They are 10 years old.
All of my neighbors are the same: one lost
about 00 last Winter. It is not the borers;
we cannot see anything the matter. Early
Richmond and Montgomery are the kinds.

Ans. — It is probably the violent

changes of the Winter weather that have
caused the damage to the cherry trees.
This trouble is common with the cherry
in most parts of the country, especially
when the Winters are changeable, as they
are in Michigan. The sweet varieties are
more tender in tree than the sour kinds.
Good tillage is the best way to fortify
the trees against the rigors of the cli¬
mate. This helps to retain the moisture
in the soil, and makes the wood strong
and full of sap at the right time, and
ripens it early. H. E. v. D.

Asparagus Rust.

W. II. K., Bethel, Conn. — I send a sample
of my asparagus taken at random through the
patch. What ails it? Two-year-old roots
were set out a year ago on light soil, and ma¬
nured quite heavily. Last year it took on a
fine growth, and this year it looked bet¬
ter, grew fine and looked green till about the
middle of July. All of a sudden it commenced
to turn yellow. At first I laid it to the dry
weather. It lias been very dry here, no rain
for weeks: then I had the rust in my mind.
Being an amateur at growing asparagus, I
send the sample to find out if it is really
rust, or has the dry weather made the bed
die down prematurely? I cut perhaps a
dozen bunches off the one-half acre this
Spring. The bed was cultivated and hoed the
forepart of the season.

Ans. — Your asparagus has a bad at¬
tack of rust. This and the dry weather
would account for the top dying off so
early in the season. Although the rust
spores germinate more readily in moist
weather the effect on the plant is less seri¬
ous, as the tops are able to outgrow much
of the injury. There is no practical
treatment except to manure heavily and
cultivate with special thoroughness, and
to shorten the cutting season so that the
crowns have time to store up energy for
the succeeding year’s growth before the
rust attack becomes severe. Little can
be done to your field now that the tops
have been killed for the season, except

to keep the soil mellow and free from
weeds. Early next Spring we should ap¬
ply stable jnanure at the rate of 10 to 20
tons to the acre or a good chemical ferti¬
lizer at the rate of 1,000 pounds to the
acre, and thoroughly plow or cultivate it
in, cutting the asparagus not later than
June 1. There is a tendency for rust to
diminish in many localities, due probably
to thorough culture and the attacks of a
parasitic fungus.

New American Mulberry.

E. G., Ashficld, Mass. — How can I raise a
“New American” mulberry tree? I have been
trying for five years to grow one, but am no
nearer than at first. They winter-kill. Mine
last year grew about five feet, but this Spring
it is all dead, and one I bought has never
started at all. Is the Russian variety as good
or better in any respect? I want to try again.

Ans. — It seems remarkable that the
trees of the New American mulberry are
winter-killed anywhere in Massachusetts,
for I have seen them doing well in Mich¬
igan, and several other places where the
Winters are rather severe. It is a va¬
riety of native species, and not a tender
tree. The fruit is of good size and fine
quality, and produced in abundance.
Maybe the trees so far tried are not true
to name. The Russian mulberry trees
are no hardier and the fruit is very small
and of poor quality. It makes good food
for the birds, and I like the trees for
that purpose, but not for any other.

H. E. van deman.

AN INDIANA BERRY PATCH.

The picture on our first page, Fig. 272,
shows part of the berry field of E. J.
Walker, of Indiana. The small fruit busi¬
ness is being rapidly developed in parts
of the Central West. Mr. Walker writes
the following note :

“Our pickers are obtained at the nearby
town of Sheridan, our wagons bringing
them out in the morning and returning
them after the day’s work is over. You
will see the greater portion of those shown
are women and girls, our experience hav¬
ing been that they are better pickers and
more easily managed than boys and men.
We use machines for setting and get bet¬
ter results than with hand planting. Our
fruits bring us bread and butter, only
enough stock being kept to run the place.”

THE FLORISTS' CONVENTION.

The twenty-first annual meeting of the So¬
ciety of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists was held at Washington, D.
C., August 15-18. The attendance was large,
and in many ways the meeting was the most
successful in the history of the society, which
is a dignified National body, chartered by a
special act of Congress. Some valuable pa¬
pers were read, and subjects of practical
value discussed, but the meetings of the So¬
ciety have advanced beyond the range of
professional talk, and largely take the form
of a propaganda for the general diffusion of
knowledge and love for the ornamental
branches of horticulture among the people.
The most important work accomplished was a
strong demand for the parcels post, the vot¬
ing of free admission to the sittings of the
annual conventions of authorized delegates
from every gardener's club and horticultural
society in the land, and an emphatic indorse¬
ment of better rural education, particularly
as expressed in the farm school and school
garden movement. Secretary of Agriculture,
James Wilson, made an address of welcome,
and extended the full courtesies of the Na¬
tional Department of Agriculture to the visit¬
ing members. A large trade exhibit of rare
plants, novelties and articles used by florists
and gardeners filled the available space ki the
buildings.

The ladies attending the convention were
most amply provided with amusement and
entertained during the four days’ session.
Probably in no other occupation, the prac¬
tical side of which is so largely monopolized
by men. do the wives and daughters manifest
so lively and close an interest. The refining
influences of horticulture are evident in this
intelligent companionship, and in the re¬
markably large attendance of women that
has always characterized the meeting of this
society. Lunches, excursions to points of in¬
terest and receptions provided the feminine
recreation, while a bowling contest formed
an outlet to any excess of masculine energy.
These yearly meetings are very enjoyable and
instructive. All readers of The R. N-Y. en¬
gaged in any of the several occupations in¬
dicated by the broad title of this progressive
society will gain benefit by joining it. The
next annual meeting is to be held at Dayton,
Ohio.

Bio Crops from Little Seed. — In 1904 I
sowed 1V2 bushel barley on 1% acre as a
nurse crop, and seeded to Alfalfa; sowed
three-fourths bushel Alfalfa and one-half
bushel Timothy on same ; thrashed 50 bushels
nice barley and cut first time over four tons
hay ; this year ready to cut again now. will
cut as much if not more. In Fall of 1904,
through a mistake, I sowed only 11 bushels
Gold Coin wheat on seven acres: just thrashed
33 bushels per acre extra nice wheat from
same. I was the laughing stock for all my
neighbors on my wheat field until now ; I am
the one that laughs. J. d. dates.

6
PAGE
CAT¬
ALOG

Onr Catalogue Saves Ynnr Money.
20,000 Money Savins Bargains y

Dealers In Reliable
Merchandise Only.

IWe are located in the com¬
mercial center of America,
where we can buy and sell to 1
better advantage, and where
freight and express rates are
lower, than any other city in
the country.

IXL Cattle Knife,

Regular $2.00 Quality.

Postage Paid .

Genuine IXL Cattle
Knife with Staghorn
Handle, 334 inches long.

Is Brass lined, has Ger¬
man Silver ferrules and shield, Three
blades of different shapes— spear, sheep’s
foot and pen, Finest quality made by Ge£^
Wostenholm & Son, and sold generally
for $2.00 each. Buy it of us by mail any
time within a month for this test price.
Examine it carefully, and if not worth
more than double what we charge re¬
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pay charges both ways. Have you our
catalog of bargains ? It describes and
shows pictures of 20,000 articles for
home, shop or farm use; costs ns 75
cents, but we send it free on request.

Buy in New York City.

White, Van Glahn & Co.,

Dept. P, Chatham Sq., N. Y.
Established 1816.

OIDEST MM OMR
HOUSE tN AMERICA

Best remedy for pink eye
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

ET 13 42 A I C?— Crimson Clover Seed,
■ ■ ■%. \9A%kiEi $5.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas. $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford. Del.

SEED WHEAT— DAWSON'S G01DEN CHAFF

Best Wheat grown. Thoroughly tried. I offer choice
recleaned seed from a heavy yielding crop. Send for
prices and sample.

buui -

CHARLES

CHAN,

STANLEY, N. Y.

GOLD COIN SEED WHEAT ,uo

here ; bags extra.
O. I. C. PIGS.

__ per bush, f.o.b.

\ ield 33 bushels this year. Also,

J. D. Dates, Ludiowviiie. n. y.

DANSY Mme. Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for florists
and market gardeners. BEAULIEU.Woodhaven, N.Y.

FOR QA| F-RED SEED WHEAT, HARVEST
rUrl OHLL KING; immense yielder, $1 per bush.
Also, SHEPHERD PUPPIES, males, $4.00; females,
$2.00. Good ones. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y,

PEACH TREES

A full line of varie-
„ ties, new and old.

APPLE TREES.

Summer, Autumn an.d Winter Varieties.
ljUINCB TREES are scarce,
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬
logue. JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. Hightstown.N.J

For Fall Planting

Our Descriptive Catalogue is now ready
and will be mailed free on application. It
is beautifully illustrated and contains full
cultural directions and a most complete
collection of all the newest and bestsorts.

Hyacinths Tulips
Daffodils Lilies

-r • including a magnificent collection of

J[FIS£§ the newest and most beautiful varieties
of the Japanese Iris

Crocuses Freesias
Lily-of-the- Valley, Etc.

Send for our catalogue. We are the largest
and oldest bulb importers in America.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

36 Cortlandt Street, Newr York

ESTABLISHED 1802

STRAIN1 OF MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER RYE

heavy yield of Grain, and fine Straw for haling.
E. L. CLARKSON. TIVOLI, NEW YORK.
Send for circular, with photograph of Rye.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

plant 1900. $1.00 per TOO. List free.

KEVITT'S PLANT FARM, Atlienia, N. J.

WANT STRAWBERRIES November,^ Pan

American and Autumn. A good pair,
by SAMUEL COOPER, Delevan, N. Y

from August to

a b e r, try 1 _

Plants for sale

FRUIT TREES THAT SROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

BABY RAMBLER ROSE

An Everhlooming Du arf Crimson Rambler.

Other novelties as well as a general list of nursery
stock. Illustrated descriptive catalogue FREE.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown.N.J.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accuratcdy describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s Louisiana, Mo.

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornumcntal Trees, Shrubs, Ruses,
Plants und Bulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to
purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees.
No. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plants and Vines. Roses,
Ferns, Pnlnis and Greenhouse Goods in
general. Try us. Will give you a square deal and
uarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited,
years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

BOX 13, PAINE8VI LLE, OHIO.

s

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With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and lierry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

“NEW CANAAN, CONN.

HAIRY VETCH.

Bushel, 60 pounds, $6 ;
Two bushels, $10.

ROGERS ON THE HILL,

DANSVILLE, N. Y.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE will save you money.

Fret^JVom^ Scak^^lev^n^Choic^Varieties

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

the production of £ BEST APPLES IN THE WORLD ST.fXS

TREE BREEDER (Free). It will he cf no interest to those who seek novelties, long lists of varieties, or the
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APPLE BREEDERS. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y,

TREES

<£5 PER IOO FREIGHT PAID £pp,le- Pear Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
i tn I UU^ rnCIUnl "Mil) Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N Y.

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

90 000 York Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to
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Grape Vines, Currants, and other small fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
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THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn.

1905.

649

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

GREENHOUSE WORK IN SEPTEMBER

Fall Propagation. — The month of Sep¬
tember brings ns to a busy period in the
work of the greenhouse, for there are
many things that should be attended to
before this month closes. Cuttings should
be taken from some of the tender bed¬
ding plants before there is any danger of
frost, and if the space in the greenhouse
is not quite ready for such use, many
such cuttings may be put in shallow boxes
of sandy soil and placed in a cold frame,
where they may he temporarily protected
from the weather. Among the plants that
may be treated in this manner are the
Alternantheras. those brightly-colored fol¬
iage plants that are so largely used in
formal beds. These cuttings may be kept
in a partly shaded frame until the wea¬
ther becomes promising for frost, and the
boxes should then be brought into the
greenhouse, where they may remain with¬
out potting until toward Spring. This
method produces better stock than the
practice of lifting the old plants from
the garden in the Fall, and then divid¬
ing them in the Spring. Cuttings of
Coleus taken at this time will root in a
few days, and will give the grower more
satisfaction as stock plants than to keep
over the old plants, but it must be re¬
membered that both Alternanthera and
Coleus are tender plants, and should be
given a place at the warm end of the
greenhouse. Some Abutilons, Acalypha
and heliotrope should be lifted from the
ground, pruned back quite severely, and
then potted into five-inch or six-inch
pots, these cut-back plants requiring but
little water until they start to grow again.
Some geranium cuttings should also be
taken, and these should have most of
their foliage cut off. and then may be pot¬
ted at once into small pots and kept mod¬
erately dry, and in a few weeks will be
nicely rooted. It will doubtless be neces¬
sary to lift some of the old plants of the
geraniums also, in order to provide an
abundance of cuttings in the Spring, but
this may he deferred until somewhat later,
when they should be potted into small
pots and placed beneath the greenhouse
benches until they are needed.

Freesias are among the useful bulbs
for Winter forcing, and these are started
into growth in either pots or shallow
boxes; as the bulbs are small they should
be planted rather closely and only buried
just beneath the surface of the soil. But
Freesias will not endure rapid forcing,
and they should therefore be planted early
and placed in a cold frame, where they
can be kept moist and induced to make
a slow' but steady grow-th, being brought
into the greenhouse before severe weather
sets in.

Lilies. — Some of the early Easter lily
bulbs may be had during this month, and
from the fact that these bulbs are not im¬
proved by a long exposure to the air, it
is best to pot them up as soon as they
are received from the dealer, although it
will not be necessary to start the Easter
crop very early this season, for that glad
festival in 1906 will be dated April 15.
Bulbs of the Easter lilies are sorted into
several sizes by the dealers, and many
growers favor the smaller sizes of bulbs
for early forcing; for example, those
measuring five to seven inches in circum¬
ference, while the main Easter crop is
largely composed of seven to nine-inch
bulbs, and those who desire extra size
specimens will growr the extra-sized, or
nine to 11 -inch bulbs, these last being
much more costly in proportion than are
the lower sizes. It is a question in dis¬
pute among growers as to whether the
lilies should be potted at once into the
pots in which they are to flow'er, or
whether they should be placed in four-
inch pots at first, and then repotted into
larger pots in the early Spring, the latter
method being very largely practiced of
late years, and having the advantage of
saving space in the early stages of the
operation. But in either case these bulbs
should be potted in rich soil, but without
fresh manure, the latter sometimes caus¬
ing decay of the bulbs.

T he Carnations should be nicely estab¬
lished in the greenhouse bench by this
time, and will soon require supporting by
wire stakes or one of the many devices
for this purpose, for the flower stems
must be kept straight and upright in order
to produce a quality that will satisfy a
critical buyer.

Violets — This being attended to, it
will soon be time to lift the violets from
the field and to transplant them to their
Winter quarters, the beds having been re¬
newed to a depth of several inches with
new' soil, and the walls and other rough
woodwork cleansed by a good coat of
whitewash. If the weather is bright and
dry at the time the violets are transplant¬
ed it is a good plan to syringe them once
or twice a day to keep them from wilting,
but do not keep them in a close atmos¬
phere, plentiful ventilation being required
both day and night, and it is not well to
syringe them very late in the afternoon,
for too much moisture on the foliage at
night may encourage an attack of “spot”
or somg other fungoid disease. The saf¬
est soil to use for the violets is rotted sod
mixed with one-fifth of well-rotted stable
manure, and some growers add a small
proportion of bone dust and wood ashes
as an additional fertilizer.

Pot-grown Roses are always in demand
in the Spring, both of the ever-blooming
kinds and the Hybrid Remontants, or
June roses, as they are commonly known,
and then there are great quantities of
Crimson Rambler that are forced into
bloom for Easter. To get the best results
from these roses the growth should be
well-ripened and the wood plump and
firm. While there are thousands of field-
grown roses that are lifted before frost,
potted up into six-inch pots and stored in
a frame or cold greenhouse until the time
comes to start them into growth, then
given 10 to 12 weeks’ forcing in a mod¬
erate temperature, and find ready sale, yet
the finest Ramblers and other hardy roses
that are seen about Easter in our large
cities are those that have been grown in
pots for some months at least. Of course
it costs more to produce these extra fine
plants, and unless the market will justify
the extra cost it may be wise to stick to
the field-grown product. But further hints
regarding the handling of these pot roses
may be given at some future time, and at
this season we would better look to some
of the needs of the roses that are being
forced for Winter flowers. These last
will need more care in ventilation as the
nights grow cool, for there is always
some liability to attacks of mildew at this
season, and even though the foliage does
not show much of this fungus, it is wise
to dust the plants over occasionally with
sulphur. The watering should also be
done in the morning rather than the after¬
noon. thus allowing the foliage to dry off
before night. w. h. taplin.

Burbank’s Plums. — On page 534 I notice
an article on Burbank's fruits, especially re¬
lating to Japan plums. A. M. Mettetal, of
this place, has a small orchard of Japans,
consisting of Abundauee, Burbank. Gold,
Early Gold and Early June. Trees been plant¬
ed three years. This year every tree had a
full crop, the fullest crop that I have ever
seen on trees. In quality the Burbank and
Early Gold were fine, and also one other that
he calls Transparent. Abundance. Early June
and -Gold were poor to medium in quality, ac¬
cording to my taste, but they all sold at high
prices, above any native plums on the mar¬
ket, and In preference to California plums. I
have in my town garden one Wiekson, one
Gold, and two names lost, but very similar to

what Mr. Mettetal calls Transparent. The
Wiekson was reasonably full, also the Gold.
The others had a few plums; trees third year.
Never any signs of winter-killing; mercury
occasionally goes below zero, our elevation
being 1,650 feet. East Winter was coldest
Winter known here in many years, but not a
sign of winter-killing in any of these trees,
though one grapevine and one small peach
tree froze for me. The Wiekson were the fin¬
est plums in size and quality I have ever
eaten ; so everyone said who ate them. I
attribute Mr. Mettetal's full crop to his or¬
chard being much higher than mine, and es¬
caping the danger of early frosts ; also his
trees are headed very close to the ground and
pruned low, so that the heat from the ground
keeps the buds from freezing. One trouble
with these plums, and all others here, as well
as peaches, is the late frosts catching the
bloom. This year we had heavy frosts after
the trees were in full bloom. None of these
trees was sprayed. In light of these facts I
consider these plums a success here.

Johnson City, Tenn. e. e. e.

There will be Exhibited in the Dairy Building at the
New York State Fair, a

“LOW-DOWN” MILK W&fiON

If there
call and
see it.

If not
rthere
|send lor
Catalog;

PARSONS “LOW-DOWN” WAGON WORKS,

EARLV1LLE, N. Y.

Foot comfort for your horse
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

CERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
1 Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

Dietz Lanternsl

We liave learned something in 65 years
lantern making. The best
evidence of it is the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

Get the lantern that is the standard of
the world — the Dietz Cold Blast Lan¬
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styles, as plain or as rich as you want.
Ask for free catalog to select. Then if
your dealer will not supply you, we’ll
do it direct.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY*

Established 1840.

D<m»t
buy «i
Vehicle
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A Big Difference

One Minute’s Washing as compared to
at least fifteen. Wouldn't you like to save
at least fourteen minutes twice a day?
Oue minute with a cloth and brush cleans
the absolutely simple Sharpies Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator bowl shown in the upper
picture. It takes fifteen minutes to half an hour
with a cloth and something to dig out dents,
grooves, corners and holes to clean other
bowls— one of which is shown in lower picture.

Washed In 1 minute

Count the pieces — notice the dif¬
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simple Sharpies Tubular.

There are other advantages just as much
in favor of the Tubular. Write today for
catalog V-153— it tells you all about the gain,
use, and choice of a separator.

The Sharpies Separator Co.

West Chester, Pa.

Toronto, Can. Chicago, III.

Washed In 15 to 30 minutes

Wt FEEHOOD HEALTH

Buy rubber wear that’s all rubber, then you are safe.

Pure rubber is expensive. That’s why some manufacturers
cheapen it with substitute fillers. That’s fatal to wear;
your boot leaks in no time. Not so with

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Thev are guaranteed to be all pure rubber — finest quality
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L^NOTE THE and send you book showing now they are
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280 Bittner St., St. Louis, Mo.

WEIGHT
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i ACTUAL
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Avoid imitators and infringers and bay the Genuine. Saw
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AW MILL

COMPLETE CUN CATALOGUE

If vou want absolutely the
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65 o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 2.

Ruralisms •

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Good New Currants. — The red or
white currant is scarcely esteemed as
highly as such an appetizing* and health¬
ful fruit deserves. White varieties are
seldom grown for market, but the red
ones, though grown by comparatively few
cultivators, always seem to be in over-
supply, as consumers appear quite gener¬
ally ignorant of or indifferent to their
refreshing qualities. Currants are not
as commonly grown in farm gardens as
they should be. No other fruit can quite
take their place, where they are appreci¬
ated, either for dessert or culinary use.
There are many fine old varieties and
occasionally new ones come out of even
better promise. Large size of bunch and
berry, vigor and increased productive¬
ness are the features sought by breeders,
but high quality has not been overlooked
in developing the newcomers.

Perfection, from C. M. Hooker & Sons,
Rochester, N. Y., planted October, 1903.
A healthy and fairly robust grower. Foli¬
age thick and large. Clusters large, long,
tapering very little, and generally well
filled to the end. Berries very large,
bright crimson, with thin skin, juicy and
pleasant- Seeds rather small for so large
a currant. The fruit is generally borne
on the old wood. Our young plants are
very productive. Perfection is said to
be a seedling of Fay crossed with White
Grape, and certainly is a choice variety,
worthy of extensive trial. It was award¬
ed the Barry gold medal for a new fruit
of superior merit, and is figured in color
in the U. S. Department of Agriculture
Year Book for 1904.

Comet. — Imported plants from Ell-
wanger & Barry, Rochester, N. Y., and
Storrs & Harrison, Painesville, Ohio.
Planted November, 1902, and March, 1903.
This highly lauded British currant was
figured from introducer’s illustration in
The R. N.-Y. as long ago as August,
1895, but has only been lately offered in
this country. Our plants have made a
fair growth, though rather weak,
when received, from the effects of their
long journey. A moderate crop was borne
this season. In every respect, as judged
by these newly established bushes, Comet
is identical with Fay. so largely planted by
all commercial growers that it may be
regarded as the standard American cur¬
rant. Comet is said to have originated
in Guernsey, one of the British Channel
Islands. Maybe the Guernsey grower
raised it from seed and felt entitled to
offer it as a new and superior kind, but
it has turned out so near Fay in every
characteristic where comparison is made
that careful English nurseries do not now
offer it. Some of the most astounding
pictures of Comet currants, as regards
size, have been issued. The nurseries
from which The R. N.-Y. plants were ob¬
tained offer it, without indorsement, as
a foreign novelty. Fay is a most meri¬
torious currant and has probably “made”
more money for originator and intro¬
ducer if not for planter than any known
fruit- If Comet is the same it is a good
variety, but the name must be discarded.
Time will tell.

Chautauqua Climbing. — From J. T.
Lovett, Little Silver. N. J. Planted March.
1904. Climbing, or rather tall growing
currants are in themselves no great nov¬
elty. Several wild species of currant and
gooseberry naturally produce long, weak
branches when growing in shady places,
and can be trained many Let high against
a wall or trellis, but they bear fruit of
little value. The Chautauqua variety dif¬
fers from these wildlings in that it pro¬
duces red currants of excellent quality al¬
most the size of Fay. It was found grow¬
ing in a thicket in Chautauqua Co., N. Y„
and when transplanted to the garden and
trained against a building it grew more

than 12 feet high. It is not a true climb¬
er, but the slender branches train very
well- It is probably a seedling variation
of the common red currant, Ribes rub-
rum. Our plant has borne a few bunches
of good currants, but is still too young to
show the sprawling characteristics.

White Imperial. — From Ellwanger &
Barry, Rochester, N. Y. Planted March,
1903. This is not new, but is a splendid
white or rather translucent variety. The
bushes are healthy and rapid in growth,
the clusters long, and beyries of large and
uniform size. The quality is of the high¬
est : rich, pleasant and sweeter than any
variety we have tried, if the term “sweet”
can be applied to an essentially acid fruit.
It will be hard to beat Perfection and
White Imperial in their respective classes.

New Type of Dahlias. — Dahlia blooms
have been brought to such a symmetrical
stage of perfection that we overlook the
defects, from a gardener’s standpoint, of
the plants on which they grow. Florists’
Dahlias nearly all are descendants of the
wild D. rosea and its brightly colored off¬
shoot, D. Juarezii, the parent of the cac¬
tus-flowered type. The plant as usually
grown is too weak to stand without stak¬
ing through ordinary Summer storms, too
densely branching in habit, while the foli¬
age, though ornamental in character, is
crowded too near the blooms, not allow¬
ing stems enough for best effect in cut¬
ting. Some few handsome new varieties,
evidently from the intermingling of the
blood of D- Mercki, have finely cut or
fernlike foliage, sometimes dark red or
purple in color, and are vastly more at¬
tractive in character. The plants are more
spreading at the base, and are better able
to support themselves, while the blooms
are borne on longer stems. The flowers,
however, are not as varied in coloring,
and have not yet arrived at the exquisite
finish of the older kinds.

Our Department of Agriculture not long
ago received through one of its explorers
in Mexico two new species of Dahlia,
bearing handsome broad foliage near the
ground, and sending up extraordinary
long flower stalks. G. W. Oliver, the ac¬
complished propagator of the Department,
has hybridized these promising species
with selected old varieties, and the re¬
sulting seedlings are now coming in
bloom. The writer has just examined
them with much interest. They form
tall, conical plants, with heavy foliage at
the base, surmounted with long, grace¬
fully arching flower stems, bearing good-
sized single or semi-double blooms, mostly
orange-red in color. One form has the
leaves almost as hairy as a mullein, while
the other has very broad, smooth foliage,
diminishing in size as it ascends upwards.
The plants are now five or six feet high,
and look as if they would be very fiorifer-
ous. We understand they are far more
hardy than our present varieties, but
probably cannot bear frost. They make
handsome and imposing garden plants,
though the blooms at present are too near
the wild stage to bear any comparison
with decorative varieties. Color, form and
finish of flowers will doubtless come with
careful breeding, but there can be no ques¬
tion of the superior attractiveness of the
plants in their present form. We under¬
stand the botanical classification of these
distinct new Dahlias has not been de¬
termined.

Gladiolus Princeps Abroad. — Gladiolus
princeps has not failed to make a good
impression in all parts of the world where
ornamental flowers are grown. It appears
to succeed wherever tried, and invariably
takes first rank in comparison with others.
European catalogues all give it promi¬
nence and offer it at from 75 cents to $1
each. It is described as “a most magnifi¬
cent novelty” ; “the largest flowered and
perhaps the most showy Gladiolus ever
raised,” and other highly flattering terms.
A very extensive firm of Gladiolus grow¬
ers offer a considerable prize each year
for the best photograph of flowers grown
in any part of the world from bulbs sup¬
plied by them. This year’s prize picture
comes from the Island of Malta, in the
Mediterranean Sea. and shows a remark¬
ably fine spike of Princeps backed by
lighter colored varieties, all grown in
that distant locality. This ability to suc¬
ceed in widely diverse situations and cli¬
mates is a most important quality in any
plant novelty. Princeps apparently feels
at home everywhere, and amply rewards
the grower for the most ordinary atten¬
tion. w. v. F.

No More Leaky Roofs

Leaky roofs
spoil thousands
of dollars worth of prod¬
ucts annually, and are a
constant source of worri-
$$0jM men^ and annoyance.
1 here is little cause for
this if a good roofing is
used — one that is really
proof against all kinds of
weather. This is what
the manufacturers of
A M A T I T E Roofing
claim for their product.

This roofing is not only “Ready
to Lay, but is coated and mineral
surfaced at the time of manufacture
so that after being nailed in place on
the roof it requires no further atten¬
tion in the way of painting, coating
or repairs, for many years.

Ever since the day of Noah, Pitch
has been used to resist water. Water
is absolutely powerless against it.
Thus, an AMATITE Roof, which
consists of two layers of Pitch be¬
tween sheets of tough felt, with a
mineral surface on top, is absolutely

AMATITE —
COMPOSITION -
TARRED PfciT
COMPOSITION -

TARKtD PtlJt

waterproof, and most attractive in
appearance. Not only is it water,
wind and weather proof, but it is
also a t ire retardant and will not take
fire from sparks or embers falling
on its surface.

No skilled labor is required to lav
AMATITE; any man can do the
work by simply following the in¬
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Enough nails and cement are sup¬
plied free to complete the job.

Of importance to buyers —
AMATITE is also the lowest-priced
mineral surfaced Ready Roofing
made.

Readers of this magazine who are
interested in a good Roofing will do
well to write to the manufacturers of
AMATITE for a Free Sample.

The Sample is not large, but it
will give a very good idea of what
you may expect, before investing
your money.

The manufacturers are one of
the largest and most rep¬
utable concerns in the
country, and any claim
of theirs can be relied

upon.

We

suggest writim

Mo-day for the Sample t(
the nearest of
fice. Address
Barrett Mann
facturing Com
pany at any o
the following
cities :

New York
' Chicago, Alle
gheny, Kansa
City, Cincinnati
Phi lad e 1 p h i a
Cleveland, Min
neapolis, Nev
Orleans or St
Louis.

\\ hen you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed be

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stolons. Thissoapisa Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
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270 lb.,3-qcper 'b; barrel,425 lb.SMjc. Send for booklet.

JAMES WOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

The machines that get nil the potatoes In
any kiml of soil, deep orshallow.NSdN/' smooth or
rough. Delivered to pickers clean and sound.

Easily handled, strong and durable. Simplest and
most practical machine made for potato harvesting.

Send for catalogue.

DOWDEN MFC. CO., Box 522 Prairie City, la.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
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Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW
Cuts ft track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
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CZAltK’S Dbl. ACTION
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Send for Circulars.
HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

IT MAKES A-;,
SALE THAT
HAY
BUYER
WANTS

THE “NEW WAY” PRESS

is a horizontal press. It bales tyj to 23^tons per
hour. Size of bale is 46x23x19 inches. Feed bole
46x50 inches— easy to feed, no tramping, fork only
used. Revolutionizes the loose baling system.
Makes the very desirable eastern market bale. Heats all
Box and Upright Presses by doing 100 per cent more work.
StandM at work just as you see it in the cut. Very portable.
Adapted to bank barn work. Write for Illustrated Catalog.

SANDWICH MFC. CO., 157 MAIN ST., SANDWICH, ILL.

Alow wagon
at a low price.
Handy for
[the farmer.
Will carry a
load a n y -
where a horse
can travel.

Low Down Wagons

soon earn their cost on any farm.

Steel Wheels

for farm wagons. Straight or stag¬
gered spokes. Any size wanted, any
width of tire. Hubs to lit any axle.

For catalogue and prices, write to

Empire Mfg. Co., Box 70 H Quincy, III.

a EXTENSION MTTTQ Sent on
AXLE * ’ U 1 *3 A.pproval

Cure wabbles and make old buggies run like
new, SAMPLES free to agents. (Profitable)
II Alii) W A RK SPECIALTY CO., Box I -13, Pontiac, Mich

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES. PKs

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

PEACH BASKETS

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 Qt. Sizes.

PEACH CRATES

Six Basket Georgia Carriers.

Picking Baskets

Made of Oak. Smooth and Durable.

Write for Quotations and New Catalogue.

COLES & COMPANY,

109 and Ilf Warren Street,

NEW YORK.

Established 1884. Telephone 3751 Cortland t

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

65 1

Hope Farm Notes

Fruit Notes.— The rains were of great
service to the apples. 1 never saw fruit
increase in size as ours has done during the
past 10 days. The Baldwins have begun to
color, and take it all through we shall have
more apples than we had last year, and of a
better quality. I need no more argument
about the value of spraying to kill the Cod¬
ling worm. On some of our sprayed trees
there is hardly a wormy apple to be found,
while in former years about two-thirds of the
fruit could not be sold. I have learned some
things about spraying too. We have one Fall
Pippin tree so situated that we could not get
at it with the power sprayer. The old tree
is nearly dead except one large limb, which
last year was covered with wormy fruit. This
year we sprayed an Alexander tree nearby.
The wincf was blowing hard, and I noticed
that it blew the misty spray through the
branch of the old tree. The power sprayer
puffs out the spray like smoke, and the wind
carried it nearly 30 feet. This year, to my
surprise, the fruit on that branch is clean
and fair, scarcely a wormy apple to be found.
This is where the power behind the nozzle
comes in. With a constant pressure of 120
pounds the spray is as fine as mist, and when
we spray with a good wind it is sifted al •
through the tree, so that every bit of surface
has its share. This is much better than
washing off the leaves with small streams of
liquid, as I have seen done. We sprayed the
crab apples with Bordeaux and Paris-green.
Now we pick 10 and 12 baskets each from
our largest trees.

Which do you consider the best cooking
apple?

Fall Pippin ! A well-baked apple of this
variety will make an old man forget he is no
longer young, and a young man forget, that
he hasn't the wisdom of age.

Name one of the three best eating apples.

Fall Pippin ! Take this variety when well
grown and well ripened, and if it doesn t
melt in your mouth there is something wrong
with your mouth.

Name your ideal of a market apple.

Fall Pippin with a bright red jacket and
its season extended about three months.

Would you advise heavy planting of this
variety?

No. The dull green color is against it.
reople demand brighter colors, and life is
too short to educate the eye of the average
apple buyer. A few good customers will pre¬
fer Fall Pippin after they bake it once, but
it ripens early, and does not keep like Bald¬
win or Greening. I keep on planting a few,
and my bearing trees are as profitable as any
I have, but I shall not put in too many.

Merrill has spent most of the Summer cul¬
tivating trees' with scythe and pitchfork. For
the sake of our reputation as gardeners I will
not say how many loads of weeds he has
hauled away from the lower farm. All this
has been piled around the young trees. In
addition to this rakings from the hay fields,
brush and weeds cut along the stone walls,
leaves from the forest — anything that will
rot has been used in the same way. The
result is a growth and color of young wood
which seems to surprise those wno come to
see it. Merrill and old Jerry are largely re¬
sponsible for the growth of these trees. The
question is if they had started in to culti¬
vate these trees as the experts tell us ought,
to be done, how many could they have cared
for, and how much better would they have
been than those we now have? There are
three or four sides to this mulching proposi¬
tion. We are quite well satisfied with our
side thus far.

Russian Sunflowers. — While the peace¬
makers of Russia and Japan are trying to
have their work blessed we may consider the
following proposition. It offers a chance for
the envoys of loss and profit to get together.
The location is not over six miles from Hope
Farm.

“Would it be profitable to hire 15 acres of
uncultivated light sandy soil at $3 per acre,
and plant same to Mammoth Russian sun¬
flower seed? My idea In raising the seed is
to reserve enough for my own poultry and
pigeons (200 hens and 200 pigeons) and bag
the balance for shipment to New York City,
or wherever the best market is for top prices.
What is the average yield per acre? Are stalks
and leaves of any value for poultry and live
stock? Is it necessary to manure this land
for such a crop and can two crops per annum
be obtained, or would it he better to follow
the Spring crop with, a sowing of Canada
field peas?" A- D-

It looks to me that in this contest Loss
stands to Profit about as the Japs do to the
Russians. There is a fair demand for sun¬
flower seed for poultry feeding. While 15
acres would not swamp the market, it might
leave the grower high and dry. I have
raised small quantities of the seed. You will
need to fit the ground well, and use a fair
amount of manure or fertilizer. The sun¬
flower requires good soil or feeding. . You
can cultivate the crop much like drilled corn,
but it must be kept clean. In some cases
the green stalks are cut into the silo, but the
ripened stalks and heads have no feeding
value. In the Far West they are used as
fuel. You might get your crop through to

the ripened seeds, and then fail for lack of
power to harvest it properly. We have had
people with less than an acre come and ask
for help in gathering it. How can you pick
dry and shell the heads from 15 acres? The
birds will get a good share. Every crow in
the county will be on hand. Many stalks
will blow down and a fair share of the
seed will rattle out and be lost. You will
probably end by trying to pick off the heads
by hand, throwing them into a wagon. Then
when they are dried under cover will come
the problem of thrashing! We would not
think of tryiug it on any such scale on hired
land.

As for growing two crops. Canada peas are
not suited for growing as a late Summer
crop. You could sow Crimson clover and
Cow-horn turnips at the last cultivation, to
be plowed under the following Spring. Speak¬
ing without personal experience I would rank
a 15-acre field of Russian sunflowers with
ginseng and seedless apples — great for tell¬
ing what one expects to do, poor for doing it.

Standards of Living. — Among the bright,
lively letters which have come recently is one
from Kansas, from which I take the follow¬
ing :

“I am an old broken-down preacher, living
with my boys on a farm, and have no more
use for your paper than a dog for two tails.
But it is always clean and entertaining, and
so homelike that my wife and the boys read
it and quote it to me, and upbraid me for m>
failure to live up to your standard, and so
sometimes it makes my life miserable. It
does ! And the fact is, to be plain and hon¬
est, I don’t know of a single fault that I can
charge up to the paper legitimately.”

e. o. R.

Some of these men who were broken down
while trying to upbuild character are about
the best citizens we have. As for a “dog with
two tails,” there are times when a dog Is so
anxious to express his friendship that six
tails would not be too many. When our folks
got back from Florida old Sbep could have
used 13 to express his feelings. Now in re¬
gard to standards of living. Did you really
ever see a man who in his own life lived up
to the standard he preached and set for
others? I never did, and I would travel
some distance to see one. All through the
journey I should expect to find a blind man
or some hopeless cynic whose standard had
been under foot a time or two. Experience
in trying to run conduct up to a high stand¬
ard has taught me to be quite charitable.
This charity has the hardest time of all
when others point out the preachment of
some distant person, and measure the dis¬
tance between that and my daily walk of life.
The element of human nature is as constant
as a yard stick to measure such things, and
I know very well that 10 to one the wife of
that model is sighing at the lap between his
practice and the preaching of some other un¬
seen philosopher.

Birthdays. — The cold wet day had finally
come to an end. Night had settled upon
Hope Farm with damp hands. I was deep in
my book when a cheerful little voice piped
up at my elbow : “Oh Father, won’t you
come down and tell us a story? You know
it’s our birthday !”

Sure enough it was, the two little girls
were nine and 11 to-day. We found that
Lars had’ this 16th of August for a birthday
too.

“Well, my little girl, I will surely come
down, but as for the story, I must have unan¬
imous consent before I tell it, for some may
not want to hear it.”

“Oh.” said the little thing cheerfully,
“You have Mother’s consent !”

That isn’t so bad when you consider
Mother's ability to express the sentiments of
the Hope Farmers ! So I went down to the
sitting room, where all our folks were
gathered. There was no lamp, but a bright
fire in the fireplace brought all the faces
into view as they ranged about in the circle.
So with the little girl on my knee I told a
story of Cousin Woodchuck and Judge Lynx
that brought out great applause. Of course
IT would not interest older people, so I will
not tell it here. We all sat looking at the
lire for a while, and then Mother asked me
if I wouldn’t recite “Grigsby’s Station.” I
presume most country people have heard this
— which seems to me to rank with “Home
Sweet Home” as an expression of homesick¬
ness. “Where we used to be so happy — and
so poor” as the poem goes. Sitting there in
the firelight with this big and strangely
assorted family around me my mind went
back to the old years when I tramped about
the West — speaking this and other “pieces”
at schoolliouses and churches. When I passed
around the hat in these old days it some¬
times came back nearly empty, but youth and
hope are great stimulants. I was certainly
happy, and remarkably poor !

“Now give us something funny,” said the
little girl, but though I tried what was once
called a “rib twister” I didn’t feel like
laughing. It was well the rest did.

“Oh. but haven’t we had a fine time !” said
the little girls as they went to bed.

So they had ! One of them baked the cake
"her own self,” and! the other served it.
They had ice cream and sandwiches, and so
much fun that the rain couldn’t possibly put
the spirit of it out — though they planned for
an outdoor picnic. All the presents they had
put together wouldn't have cost $5, but they
have been brought up to be satisfied with simple
things, and they went to bed happier than
some children would be with $1,000 worth of
stuff. We believe in remembering birthdays
at Hope Farm. Mother’s came four days
after the tittle girls’. The boys killed five
chickens and dressed them out behind the
barn. Mother went to church, expecting to
come home to a cold-meat dinner, but Aunt
Jennie hatched those birds into a chicken
pie that fairly melted in your mouth. It is
wise to put up the best you have in food
and feeling whenever a birthday comes on
the farm. h. w. c.

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TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 2,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAVER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established Ifiso.

Herbert w. Coi.linqwood, Editor.

im. Wai.tek Van Fleet, | . ...

Mrs. K. T. Kovle, ( Associates.

John J. Dii.LON, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In tin* Universal I’oslal Union, $1104
equal to 8s. lid., or 8 % marks, or 10 Mi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe Ilia t every advertisement In this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must lie sent to ns within oue
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned Tub Rural Nbw-Youkeb when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may be made In money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce 1 he R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it. we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

★

Reports from everywhere indicate a good corn crop.
'1 he danger is not yet passed, for an unexpected early
frost might bring ruin, but the prospect is full of hope.
A big crop of corn will help us all. Feed will he
cheaper, the export trade will come up once more, and
both farmers and railroads will have money and work.
With each year corn is getting to he more and more the
food foundation of the world. It is hard to realize now
that 15 years -ago corn was selling in the streets of
western towns as fuel! It sold at the price of coal.
Now in many of these same towns even the ashes of
corncobs are saved for fertilizer.

*

One of the useful officers who will help dig the Pan¬
ama Canal is a man who is expected to organize the
recreations of the workmen. This man will see that
chances for sport and innocent fun are provided. He
will help organize clubs, reading rooms, baseball clubs
and other plans for making men good-natured. He will
earn his salary and benefit his country. Good nature
pays. J. H. Hale found that out when he hired an
orchestra to play lively tunes in his packing shed in
Georgia. It is the long face that makes work a long¬
distance job.

*

It seems to be settled that the Chinese will attempt
to establish a “boycott” on American goods. That is,
they will tr-y to prevent the importation and sale in
China of articles sent from this country. In this trade
battle the Chinese seem to be showing more patriotism
than the world lias given them credit for. Thus far the
class of goods mostly exported to China are raw cotton
and cotton cloth, though the trade in other things is grow¬
ing. The reason given by the Chinese for this action
is the attitude of this country in excluding Chinese
laborers and the treatment given educated Chinese on
their travels here. 'Ibis country, and especially the
Southern States, cannot afford to lose the Chinese trade.
On the question of Chinese exclusion the labor unions
do not want Chinese laborers admitted, while thousands
of farmers would like to try them. As to the treatment
given Chinese travelers, we think this country has been
in the wrong.

*

In arranging for a little hook on farm gardens we
asked some of the leading experts in the country to
write about their specialties. The popular idea of an
“expert” is one who knows just how to do things. An
expert onion grower, for example, would he one who
grows, year after year, large crops of onions at a
good profit. We went to such men for help in telling
a busy farmt" how to have a good garden. The prop¬
osition was about as follows: “Put yourself in the
place of a farmer on the average farm who has crops
and stock to care for and can only have a garden
as he steals time from other duties. How can lie grow
vegetables to the best advantage?” Now most of these
men reply: “You give me about the hardest job I have
ever had. I can tell about the acre crop, but it is hard
for me to get inside a small plot.” In order to get just
what is wanted it may be necessary to skip the “experts”

and go to the farmers’ wives and elderly men who sup¬
ply many farm families with good vegetables. It is
possible that this experience shows why some of our
most successful and intelligent farmers fail as farmers'
institute teachers. They find it hard to get down into
the small conditions which surround the majority of
farmers.

*

It may he asked why we print the article on page f>4G.
Why mention a failure at farming? This failure was
partly due to half reported success. Many agricultural
writers seem to think they must report only the success¬
ful side of farm operations. Tell a “big story,” putty
over the leaks and cracks, put on the varnish of plausi¬
bility, and let it go! That appears to be a popular
recipe for discussing chances for amateurs and city men
on the farm. 1 he mechanic who failed will probably
always say that he lacked capital. With a little more
money he might have made it go. Capital is needed in
farming, but other things are more necessary. Suppose
some one had gone to him and asked :

I low much money can I make by opening a big machine
shop in the city, hire a young fellow to take charge of it.
who, himself had never half learned the trade, and 1 get
round into the shop at 10 or 11 o’clock A. M. to look after
the business — not having the slightest practical knowledge
of the machinist business myself?

He would have said at once that such a plan would
surely fail. Yet he was willing to go at farming in
just that way, although farming really requires more
experience and closer application than the machinist’s
trade. A doctor may collect his fee even if he has
killed his patient by ignorance. The mechanic may
get his stipulated price for a day’s work, though he may
have nearly or quite spoiled a job. But old Mother

Earth will pay no bills until the laborer lias actually

earned the amount by honest and skilful work. This

writing only of the successful side of farming without

a shade or a word about preparation has done great
harm to the business and ruined some good men.

*

One of our readers in Ocean Co., N. J., is having
trouble with deer. They come on his farm, eat his
crops and tramp down what they do not eat. He has
seen 20 deer at one time in his crops. He is a poor
man, his farm representing all lie has. What can such
a man do? The New Jersey game laws are very arbi¬
trary — formed in the interest of the “sportsman” and
rich hunter. In 1902 a law' was passed making it un¬
lawful to kill, injure or destroy any wild deer in the
State for three years. Last Winter we think this law
was re-enacted. If this farmer shot a deer found de¬
stroying his property he would be arrested and fined
heavily. Why? What good are the deer? None what¬
ever, except that they provide sport for rich men who
like to hunt them at certain seasons. The State is ex¬
pected to feed and protect the deer until the sports arc
ready to kill. The farmer’s crops are to furnish the
food when the deer prefer cabbage or sweet potatoes
to wild grass. Some centuries ago in Europe the farmer
or workman who killed a deer was Hogged or worse.
Deer belonged to the privileged class and had a right
to eat where they pleased ! The situation to-day is not
unlike the old one, except in the form of punishment.
Laws are now made which practically give the game to
privileged classes, while the farmer who feeds the game
is punished to the limit if lie attempts to defend his
property. The State can he made to pay for the dam¬
age done by the deer. In Massachusetts this point has
been settled. The trouble is that a poor farmer without
influence or money cannot take full advantage of the
law as it is supposed to protect him. It is a shame that
such things are permitted.

*

The common people of this country have it in their
power to reform many abuses which scandalize society.
Some genuine reforms are started, but most of them
seem to .fail. The reason for the apparent failure is
usually a lack of the qualities which make a bulldog
famous. People become discouraged and will not hang
on, when if they would only realize it their most effec¬
tive work is. done through the slow growth of public
sentiment. Some years ago the writer drove a team
which carried supplies to a lumber camp. The road was
rough at best, and one day the wind blew a big tree
directly across the track. The road was completely
blocked by tough hard knots which defied ax and wedge.
The best ax men gave up the job in disgust and teams
were forced to make a wide circle around the tree
through a swamp. In many cases it was necessary to
take off part of the load and reload on the other side
of the tree. One day there came a little old man who
kindled a fire on the windward side of the stump and
fed it. He wrote on a shingle in queer letters: “Put
a piece of dry pine on the fire as you go by!" Half
in fun and half in faith we obeyed him, each throwing
dry wood on the fire. Day by day the little fire burned
and the log smouldered. Soon we could see a gain.

A foot, a yard, a rod — the tree was eaten away, a thin

pile of ashes following it until the road was cleared. It
had all been done silently and slowly, without cursing
or shouting or any of the usual signs of conflict. Now
many of the things that obstruct the road of the Amer¬
ican farmer are to be removed in that way. Not so
much by fighting or loud denunciation as by the silent
pow'er that lies behind a manly word or letter. Every
passer-by put dry wood on the fire and kept it going.
The strong, fearless personal letter is like dry pine to
the slow fire that has been started by some of our
public abuses. A postage stamp is like a splinter of
pine to keep alive the fire that is burning for better
fence wire, for a parcels post, and half a dozen other
worthy things. Let us not he discouraged, hut keep at
these tilings with ink and postage stamps.

*

New York State reports a shortage in the school-
ma’am crop, which is said to he affecting some of the
rural districts quite severely. Next to a shortage in
the crop of girls and hoys, this is one of the most seri¬
ous matters affecting farm life, for deficiencies in rural
schools influence the whole future of those dependent
upon them for instruction. The accomplishments de¬
manded of teachers have increased year by year, until
many who have formerly filled rural positions are now
barred out. The college and normal graduates who
meet the requirements for teachers’ certificates feel that
they are entitled to higher remuneration than is offered
in many country schools. Furthermore, new laws going
into effect demand still more of the teachers, and the
supply of competent persons is said to be short. It is a
very complicated situation. Rural townships are cer¬
tainly entitled to the best education that our public
school system can supply, but their requirements can¬
not be mapped out with a city man’s tape measure.

*

No doubt many R. N.-Y. readers have read “The
Fat of the Land” — supposed to be a story of a farm
success. The author was a noted physician, broken in
health, who claimed to have invested a fortune in a
farm. The story was told in such a plausible way, and
with such evidence of shrewd judgment, that it seemed
like the real thing. True, most of us somehow fail to
realize such profits as this farmer claimed, but it was
easy to attribute the failure to a lack of capital. We
presume that I he Fat of the Laud ’ has caused many
women to make life a burden to their husbands by re¬
peated “Why don’t you handle your farm that way?”

I here is balm, however, for such men. They may now
say, J told you so,’ for the whole story is a great fraud.
The author of “The Fat of the Land” simply drew
upon his imagination. There is no such farm anywhere.
What he wrote must be classed under the head of
might lie and could he if. I he hook had a large
sale and it must he said that it has done a great deal
ot harm. It has also done some good, for in spite of
the fact that the story is a literary fraud, it must he
admitted that much of the advice contained in it is
stimulating and sensible. The evil outweighs the good,
because the hook has made farming seem like an easy
' occupation in which almost anyone can succeed. This
is false, and nothing could he more harmful to the
testless people in town and city who are inclined to
give up a secure position and invest their savings in a
farm. It is a wicked thing to give such people to un¬
derstand that “The Fat of the Land” is a true story
which ordinary people can follow. There is too much
of a tendency that way in the new class of magazines.

I hey are scouring the country for stories of “great
successes” in farming. This constant shouting of “won-
dttfttl success has much the same effect upon many
readers that the constant dosing with whisky would
have upon a fevered workman. Farming is not a busi¬
ness of “wonderful success'” unless one is prepared to
value health and calm contentment at a high figure.

BREVITIES.

Kkau sight destroys the value of foresight.

II looks like a light year for apple evaporators.

1 not. , Kino makes (he carbonic acid problem clear on
page (147.

Inis is the season when tin* farm garden steps up attend
of hatcher, grocer and doctor.

Tub August laying hen is profitable, if doesn’t pay to
turn such a layer Into a potted plant.

I»n> you ever mow the potato vines and burn them when
blight appeared? What happened? A new growth of vine
which Is easier to spray.

What Mr. Archer says on page G4G is In line with
what we try to do with The r. N.-Y. No single opinion
can settle a matter like the selection of varieties. We like
a full discussion.

Mr. Nott’s remarks on page G47. about carbonic acid
gas In the silo, recall the need for care in going down Into
a partly-filled silo. Occasionally serious accidents are
reported from eahdespness in this particular.

A reader in Ohio sums up the bay machinery question as
follows: — “You do right In advocating the hay loader and
hay fork, but you don’t say a word In favor of the hay
sling. With the loader and sling you can he independent of
poor help, provided your wife Is willing to drive the horses.”

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

653

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC Twenty- two men, all of them foreigners,
were buried in an avalanche of rock that slid down the
side bank of the stone quarry of the Lehigh Portland
Cement Company at Ormrod, Pa., August 1(1. Of the en¬
tombed men only three were rescued alive. . . . An

excursion train from Kingston. N. ('., for Norfolk over the
Atlantic Coast Line, with lti!) passengers aboard, ran into
an open draw at the point where the road crosses the eastern
branch of the Elizabeth River, some five miles from Norfolk,
Va., August 17. Cp to August: 22, 10 bodies were recovered,
total loss unknown. The lirsl car of the train, which pas¬
sengers agree was filled with people, dived headfirst into the
draw, which does not. exceed 40 feet in width. It struck the

a

portion of the roof,
dozen or so persons who
of the excursionists were
August 21, eight

center pier and thus displaced
Through this small bole Ihe half
escaped drowning crawled. Most

colored. ... At Butte, Mont., August 21, eight persons
were killed on a trolley car which was slalled’ on a rail¬
road track, when a freight train crashed into it. It is
said that the big car was practically in charge of a 12-
year old trolley boy, and there was no watchman at the
crossing. . . . Acting Attorney-General James C.

Mclteynoids lias reported to Secretary Wilson, of the Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, on the charges against Dr. George T.
Moore, a scientist of the bureau of plant industry, whose
resignation was recently accepted. Mr. Mclteynoids says
nothing has been submitted to him which indicates any
criminal action on the part of Dr. Moore, or justifies the
institution of legal proceedings in lids case. Dr. Moore
is a scientist who discovered a soil-inocujator, and his
business relations with the Nitro-Culture Company of West
Chester, Pa., form the basis of (lie charges made against
him. ... In an effort to destroy an offensive vegetable
growth in Jamaica Pond', Boston, by the use of sulphate of
copper, thousands of lisli have been killed, and their bodies
lined the shores until removed by the Park Department.
August 22 three carloads of dead fish were removed. They
are being used as fertilizers for the shrubs in the Jamaica
Parkway. . . According to the court of inquiry investi¬

gating the explosion on the gunboat Bennington, July 21,
by which nearly CO men were killed. Ensign Charles T.
Wade, chief engineer officer of the gunboat, is charged with
neglect of duty, and the court recommends that he be court-
niartialeri'. Three enlisted men, members of t lie working
force in the lire room of the Bennington, all of whom were
killed, are held partially to blame for tin* disaster by neg¬
lect of duty. The explosion on the Bennington was caused,
according to the written opinion of Ihe court, by excessive
steam pressure in boiler B, which was the first to explode.
That explosion forced boiler 1! al't upon holler 1 >, which in
turn exploded. The connections of all four boilers of the
vessel were broken, and the scalding steam, carrying with it
water, ashes and fire, went with terrific force all over the
ship The closing of Ihe valve connecting boiler B with its
steam gauge, instead of the shutting off of t he aircock alone
as was Intended', rendered the steam gauge useless, not a
pound of steam being recorded. Even this was not noticed
by the tire room workers. So far as the court could learn
through its investigation there was nothing to show that
the safety valves blew off at any time during the morning
of the accident. It was shown, too, that there was no record
Of the safety valve of boiler B having been overhauled since
July, IHiil, although orders were given to do tills in March
last ; but there is no record to show that the orders were
carried out. It was shown that Ensign Wad'e accepted the
statement of subordinates that the safety valves were In
good condition and set according to the pressure which was
being put on the boilers. Furthermore 1L was shown that
the safety valves were set to blow off at 145 pounds pres¬
sure. although several weeks before the accident orders had
been given not to carry more than 130 or 135 pounds of
steam. The safety valves were not changed, although this
order was clearly understood. It was shown also that the
hantfgear for working the safety valve was not in working
order. . . Near Newport, R. I.. August ID, Vinson
Walsh, son of Thos. F. Walsh, the multi-millionaire of
Washington, I>. ('.. was killed, and four others hurt, in an
automobile accident. 1 1 i s -10-horse power Mercedes automo¬
bile tore through a rail fence a short distance from Easton
Beach and plunged Into

with it. Police officers
least 40 miles an hour
young man was arrested
limit on the roads in t lie
him was mad’e by several
was discovered that yellow
City, Miss., and l.a
covery of the fever

through the
Dr. Corput
the town of
four on the
among the

the health
miles from
sick there.

, the others
investigate
Mary’s parish.
They found 48
is near Patter¬

son
account

ii creek, taking part of the bridge
say the machine was making at
when the mishap occurred. The
August 8 for exceeding the speed
neighborhood. Complaint against
farmers. . . . August 17 it

fever has existed at Mississippi
Place, La., for fully a month. The dis-
nest at La Place, in the parish of St.
John the Baptist, is due to Dr. Corput of the United Statqp
Marine Hospital Service, who was sent through the river
parishes to make an investigation. St. John Is one of the
ironclad quarantine parishes and the loudest complaints
against cruelty from quarantine guards have come from
there. II is now known that while St, John was brutal in
its treatment of all persons who wished to go
parish, it was Itself nursing the yellow fever,
found 33 cases of yellow fever, 21 of them in
La Place, eight on the Diamond plantation and
Terre Haute plantation. The fever is mainly
better classes. Dr. Corput fears its spread, as he found all
the houses full of the stegomyla, or yellow fever mosquitoes.

A not tier yellow fever nest was discovered by
officer of Lafourche at Lee, a little town about HO
New Orleans. The officer found 100 persons
Six of the cases were identified as yellow fever,
being doubtful. . . . The physicians sent to

I the suspicious cases of fever in Riverside, St.
report that il is another yellow fever nest,
cases of fever and three deaths. Riverside

and may have been infected from that town. On
of the number of stations on its line where yellow
fever prevails. Lafourche Crossing, Patterson. Lafayette and
ltavne' the Southern Pacific has been compelled to put on
two trains, one running to healthy and the other to un¬
healthy towns. The healthy towns have refused to allow
anv trains to slop that stop at yellow fever points, so this
cuts off supplies from the latter. A special train has been
put on that will stop only at points where the fever prevails.
August 21 nine deaths and 01 new
were reported at New Orleans, Ihe
Gregory . Mo., 11 miles southwest - T ..

doctors have reached Ihe conclusion that the Italians are
more liable to yellow fever than any other and have it In
a more violent- form, and that the high mortality among
them is due to that fact as much as to their mode of life.
On the other band, the returns prove clearly that women
are comparatively safe, the deaths from yellow fever being
five times as great among males as among rental lea, ^ although
tl,,,,-,. is a large female majority in New Orleans. Ihe
difference is due to the fact that the men. for business and
other reasons, are compelled to go about more* and there-
fore run greater risk of being bitten by the infected
niosmii toes The women who remain at home avoid the

risk, especially in the uptown residential sections, where
there are few’ if any infected mosquitoes, rhe proportion
of deaths to cases grows steadily less, it having
than 10 per cent in recent eases. A sugar
reported in Mississippi. Alabama and lennessee,
quarantines against New Orleans Arkansas
fined against the entire State of Louisiana.

17 new cases was the record at New Orleans August — .

CANAL In view of the comment that has
been offered concerning the alleged depleted condition of the
fund's of the Isthmian Canal Commission an official stati -
was made public at the offices of the commission
17 showing the expenditures by months, from April
1 last the date when the present commission took Charge.
There was then a balance of $7,420,563 from the apnroprL
ation of $10,000,000 made by < ongress. On August lo theie
remained $2.81 0.71 3 in addition to $1,000,000 In the hands
of the disbursing officers. The monthly average of expend -
tuns lias been in the neighborhood of $050,000. and the bal-
«re on hand is expecled^to las. until early In January by
which line it is expected that Congress will have provided
more funds Mr. Shunts on assuming charge of the canal
wo-k on April 1, planned to make the appropriation last

cases of yellow fever
disease is* reported at
of Keokuk. Iowa. The

and

ISTHMIAN

men t
August

been less
famine is
due to the
has quaran¬
tine deaths

until the first of next year. Aside from $1,300,000 spent in
July for two steamships, the monthly expenditures have
been as follows: April, $475,000; May, $503,000; June,
$650,000; July, $770,000 and August, up to the 15th. $250,
000. These disbursements have been for wages, salaries,
materials, supplies and equipment.

INDIANA CROP NOTES.

The peach crop Is not at present fulfilling its early prora-
iso. Beaches have fallen badly on account of damage by
insects and rot, and lute peaches in many orchards will not
amount to much. Apples are ahead of the season in ma¬
turity. Maiden's Blush and varieties ripening at the same
time are almost gone, and Grimes Golden will soon bo ready
to pick. In orchards that have been thoroughly sprayed
and eared for there will be a good crop of fine large fruit,
hut unfortunately this condition does not apply to more than
five per cent of the apple trees In our county, and the other
95 per cent will have hut little sound fruit left on the
trees at picking time. Bears are not more than one-third
of a full crop, although there are a few instances of abuii
dant yields. The largest pear orchard in our county, com¬
prising about 100 acres, will have but little fruit, in
almost all general crops except hay it lias been a banner crop
year here. Some yields of 40 to 43 bushels of wheat per
acre are reported," and 35 bushels is not uncommon. I
would place t he average for the county at 22 bushels, while
the usual average is not more than 12 bushels. Oats are more
than an average crop. Corn promises to be almost double
an average yield, and will do to cut early in September.
Many farmers are feeding to hogs now, August 21. Rains
mave been frequent and abundant, aud young clover lias a
splendid start for this season of the year. These frequent
rains have interfered with thrashing to a considerable ex¬
tent, and there has been much damaged wheat and oats. Po¬
tatoes are a light crop, but not grown to any great extent
except for home use. Tomatoes are about 80 per cent of
an average; heavy rains destroyed the bloom, and hence
there is a light setting of fruit. Fall plowing is unusually
well advanced, many farmers being entirely done. On the
whole, it has been the most abundant aud satisfactory crop
year that many of us have known. ii\ J. H.

Canton, Ind. _

MANAGING A FARM AT LONG RANGE.

Early in the Summer we asked If any reader had been
successful in running a farm by proxy— or at long range. We
have often heard of city men wiio own farms at a distance,
and make them pay good dividends without personal over¬
sight. We perhaps have several such men as subscribers,
but John R. Williams, of St. Louis, is the only one who
lias really sent us a statement. Perhaps some of our read¬
ers will remember t he exhibit made by Mr. Williams at the
St. Louis Exposition. He had a map of ills farm and sam¬
ples of his system of farm records. These were photo¬
graphed, and we have had engravings made from them. This
week pictures of Mr. Williams and a page of the record
are given on page 04(5, but we are unable to show the farm
map, which will be given later. Mr. Williams says :

"The farm is situated In Illinois, about two miles from
a railway station. The land Is high and rolling and pre¬
sents a diversified and pleasing prospect to the eye. The
land was originally covered with heavy timber, among whieli
White oak was plentiful. This demonstrates a soil well
suited to fruit. The fruit we find most convenient to han¬
dle is the apple, and hence we devote all of our attention
to that. There are, of course, al the dwellings on tlie farm,
the usual supply of small fruits. My brother owns two ad¬
joining farms, and as we are both non-residents we found
it desirable to work out some systematic way of carrying on
the work, and of being constantly informed of whal was
going on. I hud a topographical map prepared of the lands,
showing by 10-foot contours, the elevations and also show¬
ing the location of each tree. I also prepared a form of
weekly report, on which was printed a cut showing in out¬
line the different fields and orchards which were designated
by letters.

“Fields G, II, L and Q are bearing orchards and have
proved profitable. Other plots have been planted to trees
as follows : I — 1 8D7* ; B -1900; A 1898; E 4.901; M
and N — 1899. The plots C, D aud F are pasture lots. The
land in the younger orchards is rented to tenants for corn,
who pay one-third of the crop (gathered) as rental. This
is a lower return than could be obtained in an open field
where there were no trees. Special stipulations are made
with reference to the avoidance of injury to the trees, and
that the trees shall receive a certain amount of cultivation.
Additional treatment, like hoeing, trimming, soaping, and
spraying, 1 give at my own expense. As the trees get older
tlie corn growing will be stopped and the ground will be
cultivated and fertilized witli a special view to producing
fruit. We try to keep up with modern ideas in the treat
rnent of the land, in the application of rock phosphate,
ground limestone and manure, and the growing of cow peas.

I have one team, but we do not undertake to keep other
stock. There are four dwellings connected with the place,
each occupied hy an employee, who keeps a few fowls, a
cow or two, and some of them have teams. We try to
arrange so that these tenants may have enough ground
among the young trees to raise feed for their stock. Each
of these tenant employees pays a nominal rental for Ids
house and garden, and also pays one-half of the rental of
the telephone, with which each house is supplied. These
telephones are on .the local circuit there, which may be
connected with the Instruments in our offices here in town.
One of these dwellings Is tlie old homestead, one of the
rooms of which Is furnished by me and kept in order at
all times for me or my brother whenever we desire to use
It. One superintendent acts for both, and his salary is
shared between us on the basis of the acreage of our lands.
Each pays for the other labor actually expended on his own
land. We own jointly all the implements used on the place,
such as wagons, pulverizers, harrows, mowers, spraying out¬
fits, etc.

“Regarding the weeklv reports, the superintendent nas a
bound volume of these" and a supply of unbound sheets.
Each dav he reports to ids wife (who acts as his secretary)
the transactions of the day. At the end of the week, tlie
record Is copied off and sent to me. If stormy weather or
other causes prevent or interfere witli tlie work, that fact
is reported. The “Projected for next week," is. of course,
tlie superintendent's plan, which I can alter if necessary.
In practice this is rayely done. lie finds tin* bound volume
a valuable book of reference. There are two small Ranks in
the town near by. In one of them I maintain a fund to tin*
superintendent’s credit for disbursements, and in tlie other
I have him deposit any collections he may make from the
sale of produce or otherwise. Employees are paid each
week by check The checks are numbered and the payments
are recorded on the lower part of the report. If in settle
ment with employees or others there should lie a credit due
them, he makes out two checks, one for tlie actual pay¬
ment and the other for the credit, both of which are reported.
Tlie latter check Is endorsed by the payee and handed’ back,
and is deposited In the same way as other receipts. My
brother follows the same plan, but uses the banks in the
reverse order.

“The division of the disbursements, shown on the bottom
of the report, is tlie only record we require from the super¬
intendent as from this I am able to make up any classifi¬
cation I desire of the disbursements. The information from
the reports is supplemented by occasional letters from the
superintendent, and bv our occasional visits to the place.
As I was born on the place and lived there until I was
grown, I can perhaps plan the work more understanding^,
and the reports as they come to me are more Intelligible
than would be the case with a mere amateur. We pay the
superintendent a salary (and In crop years an honorarium)
and furnish him house, barn, garden and pasture for Ins
cow He owns a team and receives pay for its use. He
employs other men and teams as may be required. Credit
for him is established at the local hardware store, lumber
yard, etc., for supplies. The periodical bills rendered by
"these dealers are passed upon by him before being paid
Employees are fairly well paid, and seem to be luithful and
efficient The rural free delivery brings mail to the door.
The greatest drawback to the situation Is the occasional
condition of the roads. If we had a road that was suitable
for use every day in the year, the situation would be quite

satisfactory. , , .. . ,

“Assuming that the asset value equals the cost of the
trees and the labor expended upon them for the first

jears (less the total proceeds from the ground in tlie way
of corn), and allowing tlie subsequent crops to pity Ihe rent
of ihe ground for the first It) »ears, we would have the re-
lurns as shown below. The year 1897 was an unusually
profitable one for the reason that the best crop and' the
best prices came together, and the resulting yield in dollars
was much greater than would probably' occur again in many
years. As will be seen by the statement, tlie later years are
not productive. We are giving the orchards heavy treat¬
ments of cultivation and fertilizing, and if there is not a
crop by another year, I expect to take out every alternate
row (treating them as ‘fillers’) and plant young trees in
their stead. This will give a chance for better cultivation
for Ihe remaining rows arid give them more of the strength
of the soil. Then in four or five years the remaining old
trees will be taken out and no others planted', but tlie whole
ground will be given to the young trees that will then he
four or five years old. The net results of the 10 years of
the orchard are ns follows:

Returns from 56 acres of apple orchard planted 1885 —
came into bearing 1895.

Debit Balance. Credit Balance.

1895 . $2,481.00

1896 . 212.80

1897 7,637.20

1898 . $406.90

1899 . 3,032.85

1900 862.75

1901 . 49.75

1902 750.00

1903 . 629.95

1904 . 188.60 $15,626.35

$1,225.45 1,225.45

Net total income . . . $14,400.90

Average per year from time of planting (20 years) . . $720.04

Net average income per acre . 257.10

Value of the bare land per acre . 50.00

Average income per acre per year for 20 years. . . . 12.86"

CROP PROSPECTS.

The apple crop is decidedly short here, and Fall apples
are selling for shipment at 40 to 45 cents per bushel, with
but little culling. The usual price at this time is 20 to
25 cents. a. w. n.

Buna, HI.

The crop prospects for the mountain section are much
less than last year. Beaches, plums and pears, none, grapes,
five per cent, apples, 10 per cent, grapes 15 per cent, rotting
badly. Delawares and Maxatawuey only are free from rot.
All apples are scabby; but few first-class apples will be
put on the market. All are looking for good prices for
first-class apples.

Waynesville, N. C.

From advice received from the West we Judge tlie hay
crop is large, hut little No. 1 hay'; quite a lot wot in field
and considerable clover; in fact most of the crop poorer
than last year. In Canada a large crop and’ quite a lot
put in in good order without rain, remainder No. 2, wet In
field. A lot of (dd hay is left over. It looks as though
the quality of tlie crop would be very unsatisfactory to
dispose of. m. judd & son.

Boston, Mass.

How thankful we are for this rain (August 16) tlie first
of any account since the snow left. We have had the
severest drought I can ever remember in this section. Hay
is not half a crop; corn very poor, some that was planted in
May last is just fasseling. A great many potatoes are not
worth digging. 11 commenced raining yesterday morning
and most of the day, and last night; to-day a fine wet
mist, at times showers; the ground takes it all in, and I
think we now will lie able to plow for Fall grain. Apples
about half a crop. I have none not even for my own use,
the first in a lifetime. We have nothing very Inviting to
show at present but hoarders: the woods are full of them,
some good, some otherwise. The fields are a red brown, but
I see quite a change in tlie last 24 hours putting on a green
tint. We still hope for better times and crop. What a
tiling hope Is. it gives us strength and courage to go on.

Catsklll, N. Y. _ i- c. u.

LIGHTNING RODS are not used as much ns they were
some years ago This Is true in the cities as well as on
the farms. Some believe in them and use them. More
farmers depend on insurance. I think very few dispute
their being some protection. Insurance companies insure
buildings not rou'ded at tbe same rate as those rodded.
Much loss occurs from stock being struck while standing
near wire fences, but I do not know of one farmer who
grounds his pasture fences, though most of them carry
insurance on their stock, H. o. s.

Dallas Co., Iowa.

THE AI’BLE C'ROB. Alfred' W. Otis, of Boston, reports
condition of the European crop as follows : The following
table shows the comparison with previous crops:

Reports Over average

This year . 3

Last year . 128

1 903 . 2

1 902 . 12

1901 . 15

Average Under average.

44

223

109

15

17

248

98

184

90

163

The above figures indicate a very light crop, or about the
same as two years ago, when it was very nearly a failure.
Germany, Holland and Belgium are also reported very llgl)t.
Reports- concerning the American crop are not complete, but
those received show on the whole rather a light crop. The
New England states all report a very light crop of early
npples, and a light crop of Winter fruit, possibly an average
of 35 or 50 per cent of last year. Some reports show better
quality than the last two years. The new orchards, which
are coming into bearing, will undoubtedly partly offset an
apparent shortage, so that even if the crop Is reported light,
there will be a surplus over domestic needs for export. Con¬
ditions in England are certainly favorable Tor a good demand
for American Trait. Early shipments should do better than
usual, particularly colored varieties. w. l.

Lancaster, Mass. _

BUSINESS BITS.

Those looking for peach and vegetable baskets can get
prompt shipment by sending their order to Coles & Company,
top 111 Warren St, New York. This is a well established
house, and carries a full stock of everything in the basket
line.

“I have used several' bottles of Absorbine with great
success,” writes G. E. Hill, liveryman, of Gladstone, N. .1.,
June 27. 1905. Absorbine will remove blemishes from horses
or cattle In a pleasant and efficient manner: does not blister
or remove tlie hair and horse can lie used during treatment.
Will deliver you a. bottle upon receipt of $2.00 if not to lie
obtained handily from your local druggist. W. F. Young,
I'. D. F., 88 Monmouth St.. Springfield, Mass. Send for
free book, testimonials, etc., if more information is desired.

Tmc Banner Rubber Company of St. Louis, Mo., tells in
this issue in a very straightforward way the unusual merits
of the Buckskin Brand of rubber boots and shoes. The cuts
show simply and forcibly how thoroughly well the Buck-
skill goods "are made, and give good and sensible reasons
for theif long wearing qualities. The Banner people are a
well known and reliable firm, and since every reader may
have the opportunity to try their goods, no risk is incurred
in purchase. They publish a very interesting little booklet
on how rubber hoots and shoes are made. They will mall
you a copy free if you ask for it.

Horace L. Bronson, of Cortland. N. Y.. sends the follow¬
ing note regarding the sale of Holstein cattle of James II.
Walliek, Middletown, N. Y„ September 7. “I sold many
of the famous cows of this herd to Mr. Walliek, and know
that it is one of the choicest lots ever offered by a single
individual In this country. There are about 100 registered
ITolsteins. mostly females, and a few finely marked hulls
about a vear old. aired hy Mercedes Julio's Pietertje Baul,
“9830 The remainder of the herd are cow a two to six years
old This sale will give a great opportunity to get choice
stock."

654

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2.

I Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

FROM “THE WHITE FLAG.”

What shall the untried warriors do.

If we, the battered veterans, fail?

IIow strive, antf suffer, and be true.

In storms that make our spirits quail.
Except our valor lead them through?

Though for ourselves we droop and tire,

Let us at least for them be strong.

*TIs but to bear familiar tire:

Life at the longest is not long.

And peace at last will crown desire.

So, Death, I will not hear thee speak !

But I will live and still endure
All storms of pain that time can wreak.

My flag be white, because 'tis pure.

And not because my soul is weak !

— William Winter.

*

When making a puffed sleeve with
long tight cuff, in thin material, it is often
difficult to arrange an opening to slip
over the hand that will keep closed neatly
when buttoned. In place of this, the cuff
is closed, being sufficiently large to go
over the hand comfortably; the usual but¬
tons are put down the back seam, while
buttonholed loops are attached to a
stitched tuck about an inch forward, so
that the cuff can be buttoned close, with¬
out risk of a gaping opening.

*

Mrs. Barron was one of the new “Sum¬
mer folks” stopping in Ridgeville, and was
not yet acquainted with the vernacular of
the place, says the Youth’s Companion.
Consequently she was somewhat surprised
upon sending an order for a roast of lamb
to the nearest butcher, to receive the fol¬
lowing note in reply:

“Dear Mam. I am sorry I have not
killed myself this week, but I can get you
a leg off my brother (the butcher at the
farther end of the town). He’s full up of
what you want. I seen him last night
with five legs. Yours respectful,

“George Gunton.”

*

Corn chowder has been described before,
but it is good enough to give again : Cut
the kernels from a dozen ears of green
corn. Peel and mince two onions and fry
them brown in three tablespoonfuls of but¬
ter in a deep saucepan. Now put in the
corn, four broken pilot biscuits, add a half
dozen parboiled and sliced potatoes. Sea¬
son with pepper, salt and a tablespoonful
of minced parsley, and cover with a quart
of boiling water. Let all cook gently for
three-quarters of an hour, then stir in
slowly a cupful of boiling milk, thick¬
ened with a tablespoonful of flour rubbed
into one of butter. Turn at once into a
heated tureen.

*

The New York health authorities re¬
cently examined 13,941 children, attending
school in the primary grade, in the poorer
part of the city. Of these children 6,294
required medical attention. Among them
3,314 had defective teeth, and 3,219 defec¬
tive vision. The investigation corrobo¬
rated the fact that children classed as dull
in school are often suffering from defec¬
tive sight or hearing. For a year past the
New York health board has employed 50
nurses, whose duty it is to visit schools
daily, to inspect the children, and to visit
and advise the parents. It is now de¬
sired to increase the number of these
nurses, who are doing valuable work. We
often lose sight of the fact that the best
work medical science can do is to keep
thildren well, rather than only to cure
hem when ill.

*

Inquirers who send requests for recipes
or other information to the Woman and
Home Department will please send full
name and address, not necessarily for pub¬
lication, but that their questions may be
answered by mail if it seems desirable. As
matter for publication must be in hand at

least two weeks before date of issue, there
must necessarily be apparent delay in an¬
swering questions. For instance, a letter
received August 15 (without full name or
address) asks for a recipe, saying: “Will
look for answer in R. N.-Y. of this week.”
When received the issue of August 19 was
half printed, and the Woman and Home
pages for August 26 were ready to go on
the press. The recipes called for were evi¬
dently for immediate use, yet we were
quite powerless to give the information at
once by mail, as would have been done had
full address been supplied.

♦

The wearing of egret plumes has often
been denounced because of the brutality
with which the adult birds are killed
during the nesting season, thus condemn¬
ing their nestlings to death by starvation.
At this time the plumes are most beauti¬
ful, so the birds are being rapidly ex¬
terminated. in spite of their legal pro¬
tection. Now a valuable human life may
be added to the long list of bird trag¬
edies. Guy M. Bradley, warden of the Na¬
tional Association of Audubon Societies,
was recently killed on an island on the
Florida Coast in a struggle with a pro¬
fessional plume hunter. The circum¬
stances surrounding this struggle will not
be known until the case is brought before
a jury, but back of it all is the feminine
vanity that turns from every thought of
mercy or gentleness in the greed for per¬
sonal adornment. It is asserted that New
York feather dealers now offer $32 an
ounce for egret plumes, and although the
law forbids the killing of the birds plenty
of hunters are willing to defy justice in
the face of this bribe. The real criminals,
however, are the women who buy the
plumes, and apparently nothing will dis¬
turb the serene complacency with which
they wear these spoils of slaughtered in¬
nocents.

*

Acting upon the theory that the mos¬
quito is an everpresent source of fever
transmission, the New Orleans health
authorities have tabulated and given out
the following advice, which is quite as
valuable in districts where yellow fever
never penetrates, but where malaria
is feared, and this means many rural
localities :

(’lean out every place where water stands.
So dispose of old tin cans, bottles, or what
not that rain cannot possibly be retained.
Watch your roof gutters.

Empty your rain barrel of water every
week, or screen it closely with fine-meshed
wire on top.

Change the water every day in a drinking
pan for the dog, cat or bird.

Watch the watering trough near your
stable.

Fill a hole in a tree with soil packed tight,
or with cement.

In other words, get rid of, or coat with ker¬
osene, all stagnant, standing water, and you
will get rid of mosquitoes.

If you have a playing fountain; put little
fish, like minnows or goldfish, in the water,
and they will eat the mosquito larva*.

If you have a sluggish brook or a stagnant
pond near your house, spray kerosene or coal
oil on the -surface; this makes it impossible
for the “wigglers” to breathe when they come
to the surface, and they die. The coal oil
application is only necessary at the edges,
and is good only so long as the oil film is
unbroken.

In Brooklyn, N. Y., where an epidemic
of typhoid has occurred (due, as usual, to
contaminated water) the health officials
warn against exposing any food in un¬
screened pantries, where flies may infect
it with the dreaded bacilli.

Right or wrong are in the nature of
things. They are not words and phrases.
They are in the nature of things, and if
you transgress the laws laid down, im¬
posed by the nature of things, depend
upon it you will pay the penalty. — John
Morley.

The Rural Patterns.

The bishop dress shown in No. 5095 is
very attractive for infants’ wear. The
dress is made with front and back por¬
tions and the sleeves, which are joined one
to the other, then shirred to form a little

Clothing
Made I
to Order I
at the
Mill I
Save Half |

Buy your clothing di¬
rect from the mill. Cut
out the dealer’s profits.
Get two suits for the
price of one. All wool
suits and overcoats
made to order, hand¬
somely trimmed and
guaranteed to give satis¬
faction. Many patterns
to choose from

Men’s wAooi Suits

Made to Order

$7=52 to $ 1 2-52

Ladies’
Fall
Dress
Patterns

in all

Shades

GLEN ROCK
203 Main St.

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Che¬
viots, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Kerseys,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.
WOOLEN MILLS,
, Somerville, N. J.

yoke, which is held in place by a plain one
arranged on the under side. The sleeves
also are gathered to form cuffs and are
held in place by means of narrow bands.
The quantity of material required is 2(4
yards 36 inches wide. The pattern 5095
is cut in one size only ; price 10 cents.

The pretty Russian suit shown in No.

Save Half Your Fuel

BV USING VMS

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR.

Fits any Stave or Furnace .

Write for booklet on heatiug Lome*.
. Roch ester Rad lator Co.

i ay F urnace bt. , ltocbeeter,N. Y4

Price from
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

5086 consists of the blouse and the trou¬
sers. The trousers are made in true knick-
erbocker style, drawn up at the knees by
means of elastic inserted in the hems. The
blouse is made with fronts and back and

6086 Boy’s Russian Blouse Butt,
2, 4 and 6 years.

Monarch

Hydraulic

PRESS

—FOR—

WINE,

Cft-

power. Steel beams,
Great strength and durability. Safety
device prevents breakage. Different sizes and capac¬
ities. New Special Features This Year.

Gasoline engines , stationary, portable and traction.
A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

■s

Monarch Machinery Co.,

, Room 161. 39 Cortlandt gt., X. Y. City.

WE MAKE THE RIGHT KIND.

Send for catalogue.

Boomer & Boschert Press Co.,
118 Weit Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.

1

TELEPHONE APPARATUS

Large No. 8 A Catalogue Free.
OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud-
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE, k ELEC. CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U, S, A,

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . I'ria.

is closed at the left side beneath the tuck.
The sleeves are tucked at the wrists and
plaited at the shoulders. For a boy of
medium size is required 4(4 yards of
material 27, 3(4 yards 32 or 2(4 yards 44
inches wide. The pattern 5086 is cut in
sizes for boys of 2, 4 and 6 years ; price
10 cents.

ANY HANDY MAN

can lay Arrow
Brand Asphalt
Ready Roofing.

Very durable

and sightly, and in the end the cheapest.

Samples free.

ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO.

NO l*lno Street, New York City

Beware of cheap imitations made from Tar.

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU!

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that there is no
better stove or ranee made, and we save you from $5 to
$40 on every purchase, because we save you all middle¬
men’s, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We're manufactur¬
ers, not mail-order dealers;” we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the world;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

u

Oven
Thermometer I

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

Prepa

. . / - - - — — — — — •* *“**tvj ui o cciuippcd v

patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

IVe probably can rtf er you to pleased customers in your o-wn neighborhood.

1905.

65<3

Canning Okra,

Will you publish a recipe for canning okra
without any other vegetable? M. n.

We have never canned okra, and would
like to hear from anyone who can give the
recipe. Our plan is to dry it, and we have
done this successfully for many years.
We cut the pods across in quarter-inch
slices, and dry like any fruit, either near
the stove or in an airy place. When fully
dry the okra is stored away in bags, and
kept in a drv place. It requires little
soaking, and is tender and well-flavored
when cooked. _

Household Congress.

Jumbles or Cookies. — Mix one table¬
spoonful sugar and two teaspoonfuls of
baking powder together (sift), then add
one eggs and three teaspoonfuls milk, half
a cup of butter, flavoring as desired ; then
add flour to make stiff dough ; roll and
cut thin and sprinkle sugar or currants
on top. Very good. H.

Summer Drinks. — In warm weather tea
and coffee may well be dispensed with, for
dinner and supper, at any rate, while cold
drinks take their places. Milk is liked
very much in our family. It is much more
palatable if cold, and I hang the can down
the well, not having ice. I make sure
that the rope is very strong, for dropping
even a small quantity of milk into the
water means cleaning the well out. If I
happen to be short of milk, at any meal,
lemonade makes a good drink to be used
in its place, and is liked almost as well.
One can make very pleasing variations in
lemonade by adding grape juice or any
fruit syrup that is on hand. s. b. r.

Tested Cucumber Pickles. — In reply
to J. J. J.!s request for recipe for pick¬
ling cucumbers, I would say that the fol¬
lowing cannot be beaten in any way:
Wash and fill two quart can with freshly
picked cucumbers of any desired size. Add
to them two heaping tablespoonfuls dry
mustard; two heaping tablespoonfuls salt,
and fill can with good cold cider vinegar.
It doesn’t matter whether you have an air¬
tight top or not; a cork with cloth tied
over, or put in crock. If you like more
mustard or salt it will do no harm. I
have had them keep crisp and good in an
old-fashioned can with cork in until cu¬
cumbers came the next year. a. d. j. w.

Sweet Cucumber Pickles; Can¬
ned Mushrooms.

Will you give recipes for sweet cucumber
pickles and canned mushrooms? l. n. m.

For sweet cucumber pickles, let the cu¬
cumbers stand in salt water three days.
Heat the brine once or twice and pour
over them. Drain; put in a jar and pour
over them hot vinegar, with two-thirds
cupful sugar to one quart of vinegar, flav¬
ored to taste with cloves and cinnamon in
a bag. Put in a little alum to make them
brittle, and with horseradish on top the
pickles will keep well. This recipe was
given us by a reader, who has long used
it in her household.

We have never canned mushrooms.
Commercially, only the small immature
“buttons” are canned, with their stems ;
never larger than a silver quarter, and
many much smaller. If we were exper¬
imenting in this line, we should use these
young mushrooms, and can them like
peas; that is, fill up a can with the young
mushrooms, put in enough cold water to
come to the top, lay the lid on the jar,
stand the jar in a kettle containing water
enough to reach two-thirds up it, and boil
for 30 minutes, filling the jar with boiling
water if the contents shrink down, before
screwing on ‘lie cover. If any of our
readers have had experience in this line
we should like to hear from them.

Older mushrooms may be made into cat¬
sup; the following recipe has been used
in our family 'or half a century : I he
mushrooms must be freshly gathered and
carefully examined to see that they harbor
no insects ; wipe them clean, but do not
wash them. Put a layer of mushrooms in
the bottom of an earthen dish, and sprin-

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

kle well with salt, then another layer of
mushrooms and more salt, continuing un¬
til all are used. Cover with a folded
towel, and stand in a cool place for 24
hours; then mash and strain through a
coarse bag. If put in a warm place the
juice will ferment. To every quart of juice
add one ounce of pepper corns, and boil
slowly in a porcelain-lined kettle for 30
minutes; then add one-fourth ounce whole
allspice, one-half ounce sliced ginger root,
one dozen whole cloves, and three blades
of mace. Boil 15 minutes longer, then take
from the fire and set aside to cool. When
cool, strain through flannel, and put in
small bottles, filling to the very top. Cork
tightly, and dip cork in sealing wax.

Easy Desserts.

Rice With Strawberry Sauce : — Boil the
rice in salted water until tender, fluffy and
dry. Have ready a box of strawberries,
hulled and thoroughly mashed, covered
with two cupfuls of granulated sugar.
The fruit should stand long enough to
dissolve the sugar, before serving. Serve
the rice in deep saucers and pour a gener¬
ous allowance of fruit over it. Raspber¬
ries, peaches or currants are equally good.

Cherry Pudding.— Make a rich biscuit
dough : a quart of flour, butter half cup.
Two teaspoonfuls baking powder, enough
sweet rich milk to make a stiff cake
dough. Add a cupful of stoned cherries
and steam until well cooked. I use the
iron dinner kettle, and set the pudding
(in a two-pound lard pail) in it. Serve
in slices with a cream sauce. Lemon
sauce is very good with many kinds of
pudding, particularly apple-dumpling.
Juice of half a lemon, white of one egg
and two teaspoonfuls of granulated sugar.
Beat together to a stiff froth. 1 his is
made richer by adding two or three table¬
spoonfuls of cream before beating.

Bread Pudding (in disguise). — The last
time I made bread it baked too hard. I
took half a loaf, broke it into pieces and
soaked them in milk, just what the bread
will take up. Then I added an egg -and
a cup of sugar and a cup of rich,
creamy milk in which I put half
teaspoonful of saleratus and teaspoon¬
ful of cream of tartar. Baked until
light and well browned in a medium oven.
To serve pour a little maple syrup over
each dish. We liked this so well that I
used up two big loaves of bread, which
was quite a satisfaction. There are many
simple things one can invent for desserts
in hot weather that save working over
a hot stove, and they are better after a
hearty meal than rich pies and cakes.
Fruit and cream is always good and “fit to
set before a king.”

ADAH E. COLCORD.

Removing Grass Stains.

IIow can I remove grass stains out of
worsted canvas cloth (ladies' dress goods) ?

MRS. B. W. A.

This case may be complicated by the
color of the fabric; therefore it may be
wise to practise on a piece of the goods
first, to see whether it is injured by the
applications advised. Grass stains dis¬
solve in alcohol, which ordinarily removes
them very quickly. While fresh, they can
often be washed out in ammonia and
water. Wash goods of fast colors are thus
treated very easily. Where ammonia or al¬
cohol are likely to affect the color, keep
the stain moist in the sunshine until the
green stains turns brown, then wash out.
Still another method is to spread molasses,

or a paste of soap and cooking soda, over
the stain, leave it for several hours, and
then wash out. We hesitate to give ad¬
vice about the removal of stains unless
we are sure that the color of the goods
will stand ; so many modern chemical dyes
cannot be depended upon. In a recent
case under observation attempt was made
to rinse out, with cold water, a stain in
dark blue taffeta— one of those silks our
grandmothers would have dropped into
the washtub without fear. The water en¬
tirely removed the dye, and the garment
was ruined.

The Bookshelf.

The Memoirs of an American Citi¬
zen, by Robert Herrick. This book pic¬
tures the rise of a country lad, who enters
Chicago in the busy days of 1877, walks
the streets penniless, like many another,
finds humble work in a meatshop, enters
the “yards,” and is finally seen, rich and
powerful, on his way to Washington as
United States Senator. But it is not a
tale of the olden style, in which industry,
perseverance and lofty honor gain wealth
and fame for the hero. Van Harrington
is a hero of the modern type; he is indus¬
trious, energetic and resourceful, but he is
absolutely devoid of scruples and without
any moral sense. His energy and force
will command respect, but when he wants
to lay a new switch through the street he
bribes a corrupt city council to grant the
permit, and when a rival corporation gets
an injunction that will hamper his business
he bribes a corrupt judge to dissolve the
Injunction. Throughout the book the hon¬
est folk are driven into the mire of pov¬
erty, while the base and unscrupulous
flourish like the green bay tree. It is a
powerful book, but a saddening one ; it
seems too much like the real life depicted
in the daily papers. It remains, however,
a vividly-drawn picture of modern Amer¬
ican life; anyone familiar with the work¬
ing side of Chicago will be impressed by
its keen insight into local characteristics.
Published by the Macmillan Company,
New York; price $1.50.

Three little rules we all should keep

To make life happy and bright — •

Smile in the morning; smile at noon;

And keep on smiling at night !

— Credit Lost.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

hu been n*ed by Millions of Mothers for their
ohlldren while Teething for over Fifty Years. •
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and. is the best i
remedy for diarrhoea. ♦

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

TANKS and TOWERS

vve Build All Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don't leak.
CALDWELL T OWE US don’t L.11
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for

use.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

Protect Your Face

Keep it soft and smooth
and enjoy shaving by
using

WILLIAMS’ tH5viM?

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury. Conn.

1% HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

885 upward, with¬
drawable oil 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

SKARCH1NG in ventilation of
this Company’s record, Its
preterit standing, and its con¬
servative methods will assure
you that Its funds are better
secured than the average *1 p. c.
investment.

We pay you 5 p. c. per annum
— a quarter larger income. You
will appreciate the convenience
or our “cerilicate” system for
handling accounts by mail.
Write for particulars.

Asset#, • SI, 700,000
Surplus and Profits,
8160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co*
STlmesBl'd’g, B’wy,N.Y. City

Simpson -Eddystone

Black fit Whites

stand for the best calicoes —
best designs in fadeless color ;
best fabrics of utmost durability.
Make beautiful dresses.

Ask your dealer for
Simpson- lid dy stone Black Whites.

EDdystonE

PRINTS The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

Three generations of Simpsons
have made Simpson Prints.

Fire,

Water and
Lightning Proof

ISteel Roofing , $1.50 Per 100 Sq. Feet\

Painted red both side.; most durable and economical covering (or roofing, siding or ceiling, for bams. I
sheds, houses, stores, churches, cribs, poultry houses, etc.; easier to lay and cheaper than any other
material; no experienro necessary to lay it — a hammer or hatchet tbo only tools you need. At this price I

UIE DAV TUC CDCIPUT to a!' point* east of Colorado, excepting Oklahoma, Texas and Indian I

fl C “HI I nc r nciun I Territory. At this price we furnish our No. 15 semi-hardened flat I

steel roofing, sheets *2-4 inches by 21 inches. At $1 .60 this same material enrrogated as shown in Ulus* I

tration, or in *‘V” crimped, or standing seam. At 50 cents per square advance over above prices we willl
furnish this material in 6 and 8 feet long; $2.25 for brick siding or beaded ceiling or siding. Send ns I
your order for iinmediste shipment. Time will prove its enduring qualities. It withstands the elements
the beat of all coverings. Ask (or further particulars. WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE NO. A. M. B7
on building material, wire, pipe, plumbing material, furniture, household goods, clothing, etc.
We buy at SHERIFFS’ AND RECEIVERS’ SALES. 100.000.000 ieet of lumber from the World’s Fair.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th and Iron Stm., CHICAGO* ILL.

BUILD UP

your Health and
Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIF UGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
Hr? for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN,

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

656

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, Sept. 2, 1905.

FARM TOl’ICS.

A Silo in the Barn . .

Hope Farm Notes .

Indiana Crop Notes . .

Managing a Farm at Long Range.

Crop Prospects .

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Poultry and Pigs .

Oxen on the Farm .

How to Handle the Pigs .

The Trouble With Incubators .

The Morgan Ilorse in Vermont .

Color o t Butter .

A Milking Machine .

Another View of Selling Butter or Milk.

Abortion in Cows .

Beef Cattle in New England .

HORTICULTURE.

Fruits for Home Use . 645,

Pansies in Maine .

Grafting the Walnut .

Michigan Cherry Trees Fall .

Asparagus Rust .

New American Mulberry .

An Indiana Berry Patch . .' .

Society of American Florists .

Greenhouse Work in September .

Burbank's PI urns .

Notes from the Rural Grounds .

The Apple Crop .

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

The Rural Patterns .

Canning Okra .

Jumbles or Cookies .

Sweet Cucumber Pickles; Canned Mush¬
rooms .

Easy Desserts .

Removing Grass Stains .

The Bookshelf . . .

MISCELLANEOUS.

What Becomes of Carbonic Acid? .

Editorials .

Events of the Week .

Lightning Rods .

Business Bits .

Publisher’s Desk .

Products, Prices and Trade .

<’>47

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657

MARKETS

Prices current at New Y'ork during week
ending August 26, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. V here possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2. red. in elevator. —

No. 1, Northern, Duluth.

Corn .

Del. & Md„ white, case _ 1.00 @1.25

Blackberries, quart . 10 @ 13

Huckleberries, quart . 5 @ 11

Muskmelons, Aid. & Del., crate. 50 @1.50

Md. & Del., basket . 25 @1.00

Jersey, crate or basket . 25 @1.50

Rocky Ford, Col., standard

crate .

Rocky Ford, Col., pony crate. 2. 09
Watermelons, South’n, per 100.6.00
North Carolina, carload. . 100.00
VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Long island, bbl....

Jersey, round .

Jersey, long . 1

Del. & Md .

Southern . . .

Sweet Potatoes, South., yellow. 2
Beets, nearby, 100 bunches...

Carrots, nearby, 100 bunches.

Washed, bbl .

Unwashed, bbl .

Cabbage, nearby. 100 .

Celery, State, dozen .

Jersey, dozen .

Michigan, dozen .

Cucumbers, Long Island, bbl . .

Cucumber Pickles, Jersey,

1,000 .

Corn, Hackensack, 100 .

Other Jersey, 100 .

Up-river, 100 .

Cauliflowers, Long Island, bbl

Eggplants, Jersey, bbl .

Jersey, basket or box .

Lettuce, State, half-bid. bkt.

Western N. Y., dozen .

Boston, dozen .

Lima Beans, basket . 50

Onions, Jersey, white half-bid.

basket . 50

Connecticut, white, bid . 2.00

Long Island, bbl . 1.50

Orange Co., N. Y., white,

bag . 1.25

Orange Co., N. Y., yellow

bag . 1.25

Orange Co., N. Y., red, bag. 1.25

Okra, Jersey, basket . 50

Peppers, Jersey, bbl . 35

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 75

Marrow . 50

White . 75

Yellow crook-neck . 75

Turnips, Rutabaga . 1.00

Tomatoes, Jersey, box . 50

, 3.50

@4.50

.2.09

@3.00

.6.00

(a 18.0'

)0.00

@150.'

1.75

@ —

@ 1.75

@ 1 .50

@1.50

TV)

@ 1 .25

.2.09

@2.25

75

@1.00

75

@1.00

@ —

@ —

(a 6.00

15

@ 50

29

@ 40

15

(a) 35

2.00

@3.50

@2.25

50

@ 75

40

@ 60

@ 65

1.50

@2.60

60

@1.00

25

@ 50

1.00

@2.00

50

@ 75

40

@ 60

@1.2

(d 1 .00
@3.00
@2.25

@1.75

<a 1.62

@1.50
@ 1.00
@ 75
@1.25
@1.00
@1.00
@ 1 .00
@ 1.25
@ 1.25

17

18
1 4 % @

Oats .
Rye .
Barley

9

— @

— @

— (a

- @

— @

87

93

61

31

63

40

HAY AND STRAW.

DRESSED POULTRY.
Turkeys. Spring, 3 at 3% lbs.

each lb . 30

Spring, 4 lbs and over . 15

Old Western, average best. .

Spring Chickens, Phila., fey. .
Pennsylvania, choice to fey.

Western, dry-picked, choice

to fancy .

Fair to good . 12 %@

Fowls, No. Ind., 111., & Iowa,

dry-picked .

So. Ind. & Ill., dry-picked . .

Other Southw’n & Southern,

dry-picked .

Western, scalded, med. size.

South'n & Southw’n, scalded.

Western & Southern, poor to

good .

Spring Ducks. I.. I. & Eastern.
Pennsylvania & Virginia, lb.

Western, lb .

Squabs, prime, large, white,

dozen . 2.50

Mixed . 2.00

Dark . 1

@ 35

%

H 20

15

%

10

14

10

@>

@

@

@

@

@

@

14
1 3 %

12%

12

12

12

31%

11

17

16

12

50

@2.62

@2.15

@1.62

Ilay, No. 1 .

Iso. 2 .

i r»n

@16.00
fit 14 50

Steers .

LIVE STOCK.

No 3

1 1 r» n

@ 12.50
@14.00

Bulls .

Clover mixed .

. 11 .00

Cows .

Calves, veal
Culls ....

. 1.40

Straw, long rye .

@12.00

M 1 LK.

New York Exchange price $1.31 per 40-
quart can, netting 2V2 cents per quart to ship¬
per in 26-cent freight one who have no extra
station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras, lb . 21 %@ 22

Firsts . 20 %@ 21%

Seconds . 19 @ 20

Thirds . 18 @ 18%

State dairy, half-tubs, extras.. — @ 21

Tubs, firsts . 19% @ 20

Tubs, seconds . . . 18 @

Lower grades . 17 @

Western imitation creamery,

extras . .'. — @

Firsts . 18 @

Western factory, firsts . 17%@

Seconds . 16% @

Lower grades . 15 @

EGGS.

Nearby, selected white, fancy
Selected, white, choice. . .'

Nearby, mixed, extra .

Nearby, mixed, firsts to extra

firsts . 21

Western, extra firsts.

Western, firsts . 21

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, 1904 evap. fancy
Evaporated, choice
Evaporated, prime ....

Evap.. com. to good .

Sundried, qtrs

Cores and skins . 1.40

Raspberies. 1995 . .

Huck leberries. 1 905
Blackberies 1905 .

Cherries, 1905 . 11%

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Oravenstein. bbl . 2.50

Duchess, . 2.50

Wealthy . 2.25

Nyack Pippin . 2.25

Orange Pippin . 1.75

Astrachan. per bbl . 2.00

Open heads, per bbl . 1.00

Dears, Southern Le Conte, bbl.

Southern Kieffer . . 1.00

Clapp's Favorite . 4.00

Buerre Clalrgeau . 3.00

Flemish Beauty
Bell . '.

Bartlett . 3.00

Common . 2.00

Plums. State. Bradshaw. 8-lb

basket . 2f

State, Burbank. 8-11 _ . .

State. Abundance. 8- lb. bkt..

State. Lombard, 8-lb. bkt...

Peaches, Md.. Del.. Va. & W.

Va. carrier . . . . , . 1.00

Md., Del.. Va. & W. Va., bkt

Jersey, basket .

Pine Island, basket . 50

State, basket . 40

State, 2-basket crate . 75

State, 20-lb. handle basket. .

Ind. & Mich., bushel-basket. 1.50
Grapes. Up-river. Del., case

Up-river, Niagara, case . 1.25

Up-river, Moore's Early, case. 1.00

Up-river, Worden., case . 1.00

Up-river, Champion, case
Del. & Md., black, case . 1.00

19

17%

19%
18^
1 I 74

17

16

27

@ 28

. 25

(d 26

. -

@ 25

a

@ 23

22

@ 23

@ —

s.

_

@ 8

—

@ 7

. . —

@ 7

5

@ 6

@ 3

.1.40

@1.50

. -

@ 22

. 11

@ 1 1

. 7

@ 7

. 11 %@ 12

s.

@3.00

@3.50

@2.75

@ 5.00

@2.50

.2.00

@2.75

. 1 00

@2.50

. 50

@3.00

.1.00

@2.50

. 4.00

@5.25

@4.00

@3.00

@3.00

@4.00

.2.00

b

@2.75

. 25

@ —

. 20

@ 25

. 20

@ 23

. 16

@ 18

T.00

@2.50

. 50

@1.25

. 50

@1.50

. 50

@1.25

. 40

@1.12

. 75

@1.25

. 30

@ 50

.1.50

@2.00

.1.50

@2.00

.1.25

@1.50

.1.00

@1.25

.1.00

@1.25

. 75

@1.00

, 1.00

@ —

@6.60
@4.20
@3.70
@8.50
@3.50

ep . 3.09 @>5.00

Lambs . 7.50 @9.00

Hogs, State . — @6.60

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for car lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @42.00

Acid phosphate . — @'13.00

Kainit . — @12.50

Dried blood . — @50.00

Copper sulphate, bbl. lots, lb.. — @ 6

Sulphur flour in bbl. lots, lb.. — @ 2%

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Mammoth Winter Seed Rye,

$1.00 per bushel; 10 bushels, 90 cents per bushel.
Bags FREE. Address,

IRA H. HASBROUCK, Box 987, Kingston, N. Y.

enn CAT p -Shropshire ram

TvJIV (Yearling), $12.00, RAM

LIMBS, $10. Full Blood, but not registered. Ad¬
dress, IRA H. HASBROUCK, Box 987, Kingston, N.Y,

%

ATTENTION

|— Needing male
help of any kind,
favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty
I. HERZ, Genl. Mgrr. , 99M<»ntgomery St., Jersey City, N. J

Hay

^VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVk/VVVVVVVVVV*,

Presses poLs,

so low that it will]

Dot pay you to patch your *
Old press or borrow *
your neighbors. THEj
HENDRICKS is the J
strongest and easier to!
operate than any other ^
press on the market.

They are CHsy to pay for. i
Free catal’g. B. D. Hendricks A Co., Cornell St., Kingston, N.Y. i
£/VVV%VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV\A'VV^^

BROWN l

a/Mtpavs the

WIaI L FREIGHT I,

FRUITS, VEGETABLES.

Apples. Peaches, Pears. Plums, Grapes, Potatoes and
all Vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc,, wanted. Top prices
secured for choice products.

Write us what you have to offer.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray JSt.t New York.

Y$ more than most fences. 1 d to 8f>e per rod
delivered. We sell all kinds offence wire at
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show
I HOstyles. The Brown Fence a ndj

Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio*.

OUR SPECIAL SWINE CONDITIONER

at 5c. per lb., freight prepaid, is the best thing ever
discovered. If you raise HOGS, you ought to know
about it. Send for particulars and terms to agents.
$100.00 a month in it.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO.,

Breeders Improved Large English Berksliires,

FANNETTSBURG. PENN.

A. Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
FOUR D ITS IN ONE

Caro. Kickers, Uunaways, Pullers,
Shyer*, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
Day.’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.

Prof. J.q. Beery, Pleasant II1IJ, Ohio.

The genuine is
Pratts Animal Regulator.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

MUSIC LESSONS booklet, »”FREE.

It tells how to learn to play any instrument, Piano,
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc. Write American
School of Music, 328 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

THE SCHOOL QUESTION? Saft’

Catalogues and reliable information concerning all
schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street, New York, N. Y.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Mineral Heave Remedy Co.

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures ary*
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

,401 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples. Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little 1 2th St., New York.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D, HEWITT, 120 Liberty St„ N, Y,

10 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

FOR SALE-FARM OF 100 ACRES.

Two large houses— one stone, one wooden ; four tene¬
ment houses; large barn, carriage house, wagonhonse,
granary and toolmouse. Finest of running, never-fail¬
ing spring water at houses and barn. Fine location
for country home or summer resort. About three
miles east of the beautiful village of Brandon, Vt., on
the main road to Rochester; about five miles by road
from Lake Dunmore, or Silver Lake. For further
particulars, inquire of IRVING C. NEWTON,

Administrator, Ticonderoga, N. Y

LU A N'T'PFi t0 rent with privilege of buying,
" ’ L D a sma|l farm suitable for poultry.

State location, acreago, condition of buildings and
land, rental and distance from school and station.

Address, K. F. BEYEA, Fiatbush, N. Y.

WANTED.

A farm of not less than thirty (30) acres witli house
and barn, suitable for the raising of poultry, fruit and
garden truck. Must be situated on ocean, bay or in¬
land water, on Long Island, or in the states of Con¬
necticut, Delaware, or Maryland. Lease for one or
more years with privilege of buying after first year.
Immediate replies desired, giving full and minute
descriptions or property. State terms. Address,

J. S. FOR.TER. ,

173 Gates Avenue Montclair, N. J.

SURE CURE!

!UPTD]

Brooks'Appllanoo

New discovery. No obnox¬
ious springs or pads. Auto¬
matic Air Cushion. Hinds
mid draws the broken
parts together us you
would a broken limb. No
salves. No lymphol. No
lies. Durable, cheap. Pat.
Sept. 10. ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CA7ALOCUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., Box 195, MARSHALL, MICH.

Crown STRAWBERRIES

We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out in August
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed
on request. 65th Year.

ELLWANCER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

Q C for this large
handsome

^ steel range

without high closet or reservoir. ^ With
high warming closet and reservoir, just as
shown in cut, $13.05. Reservoir is

porcelain lined. Heavy cast top witli 6 full
size cooking holes. 1-arge oven, regular
8-18 size. The body is made of cold
rolled steel, top and all castings of best
pig iron. Crate; we use im¬
proved duplex grate, burns
wood or coal. Nickel band
on front of main top; brack¬
ets and tea shelves on closet;
band and ornament on reser¬
voir; oven door, etc. Highly
polished, making the range
an ornament in any home.

I I II K i I P K H3 are the most liberal ever
® ™ made. We will shipyou any

range or stove, guarantee it to be perfect in construction and ma¬
terial; we guarantee it to reach you in perfect condition. You can
^ pay for it after you receive it. You can take It Into your own home
and use It 30 full days. If you do not find it exactly as represent¬
ed and perfectly satisfactory in every way, the biggest bargain in a stove you ever saw or heard of, equal to stoves that retail for
double our price, you can return it to us and we will pay freight both ways, so you won’t be out one single cent.

mTUIC AY) HUT send it to us and we will mail you our free Stove Catalog. Shows over 80 styles stoves and
IY1IO Mil UUlf ranges; explains our terms fully, tells you how to order. Don't buy a stove of any kind un¬
til you got our large Stove catalog for 1 005 and 1 906 UADUIII CMITKJ AA A MI A $ A A

and sae our liberal forma and lowest prices over made. fvlAKlVlIY 01*11111 vUa wIllvAUUa

QC for this
Oak
Heater

just as illustrated. Burns
hard or soft coal or wood.
Has drawn center grate,
corrugated fire pot, cold
rolled sheet steel body,
heavy cast base, large cast
feed door, ash pit door and
ash pan, swing top, screw
draft-regulator. Polished
urn, nickel top ring, name
plate, foot rails, etc.

We have heating
stoves of every kind.

1 1 ot blast, air tights, the
kind thatretails forf'kOO,
for 80c. Base burners
at Vi the regular price.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kina 1 nat Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building-, Pittsburgh, Pa

ivestigating fountain pens. We wanted a good cheap pen to give our friends in return for sending us
Ve tried several ourselves to make sure. They are nuisances. The cheap fountain pen is not worth as much

We have been im

HCW Subscriptions. Wc u.vu m nu> SLI > iu inang nui v, x uv^ ai x mii.ianv.vj, x uv vtiva|> mumaiii |yvu i j iiuv nrui m an mvxv.ii

as the ordinary steel pen that costs only a cent. We found good fountain pens, but they are dear. This cut represents one

of the best we can find. The retail price is $2.50. Tt is a hard rubber holder, bottom feed, with a heavy sold 14 karat gold
pen. This is a pen that will stand heavy usage and last a lifetime. It is fully warranted, and may be returned if not satisfac¬
tory in every way.

Just for the month of September we are going to give an opportunity to get this pen easily. Send us a club of 10 new
subscriptions to The R. N.-Y at 25 cents. We will send the new subscriber the paper every week for the remainder of the
year, and also a copy of “The Business Hen.” The price of the book alone is 75 cents, and the subscription 30 cents. So you
can see the bargain you can offer. For your work we will send you free and postpaid one of these pens complete. Do not
confound this with the cheap pens offered by some other publishers. Gold is printed on them in plain sight, hut hunt them
out and you will see the word plated. They are not as good as a steel pen and cost about the same. This offer will not hold
good after September, but if you have a club started this month we will allow a few days next month to close it up, provided
you send in the names as you secure them. The Rural New-Yorker,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

1005,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

657

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

We have received several letters from
subscribers saying they are glad to have
the information about unreliable nursery
firms, and promising to keep a list of them
for reference, so as to avoid them in the
future. One correspondent says he had
an order all ready to send to one of them
last week, when The R. N.-Y. reached
him. He then sent it to another firm
whose advertisement appeared in The R.
N.-Y. He even went so far as to write
the nurseryman to tell him what he had
done, and requested him not to send any
more catalogues. That is the right way
to go at such concerns. Let them under¬
stand that they are expected to establish
a reputation for fair dealing before they
can have your order and your money, and
there will be less cause for complaint.

In this connection we take the following
comment from the recent letter of a re¬
sponsible and reliable nurseryman :

It is not the man who can put up the
strongest endorsement that gets the trade,
hut the man who offers the three and five
cent trees.

This is from a man of considerable ex¬
perience in the nursery business, but while
appearances may justify the assertion, as
a whole we hope he is mistaken. We
think he is. We draw the conclusion
from the fact that practically all the pros¬
perous nursery houses in the country to¬
day owe their success to an honest effort
to build up a name for sending out good
reliable stock. The gentleman whom we
quote is one of them himself. On the
other hand, we cannot recall a single per¬
manent success in cither the seed or nur¬
sery business where such a reputation has
not been established. The men with dis¬
satisfied customers may get on for a time,
they often hang on for a considerable time,
but failure is sure to overtake them sooner
or later. Of course everybody wants to
buy as cheap as he can, but every rea¬
sonable grower knows that prime trees
cannot be grown and shipped for three
cents or five cents, and what greater mis¬
take can a man make than to buy trees of
a poor grade and run the chance of not
getting the varieties lie wants, simply be¬
cause they are cheap? When one consid¬
ers the other expenses of bringing a tree
to maturity, the first cost of the tree is
insignificant at best. Frankly, the fact
that a firm advertises stock at a ridic¬
ulously low price is good cause for looking
on them with suspicion. The best stock
to be had is none too good to start with,
and it is always the cheapest in the end.

The following letter is just in from a
New England subscriber :

It may please you to hear of a remark that
was made to me a few evenings since. We
have neighbors who have come among us from
the great city, and who are trying to learn
country ways. They have succeeded in rais¬
ing a nice flock of chickens for a beginning.
In speaking of "The Business Hen.." the lady
said : "We are indebted to it for till our suc¬
cess. We knew nothing about the work, hut
by referring to it we have learned how to
raise our flock. r. m. o.

Connecticut.

Of course we are pleased to have this
information. It was for just such work
that “The Business Hen” was written.
We wanted to make it so simple and plain
that the beginner could learn the whole
lesson from it. By the way, you have
neighbors who will want both the paper
and the book. This is the time to speak
to them about it. If they want no more
for a start we will send the paper 10
weeks for 10 cents; or if they want the
book at once let them send the dollar for
the book and the paper for a whole year.
If they are not satisfied three cents will
return the book, and we will refund the
dollar. _

PRODUCTS , PRICES, AND TRADE.

Fruits. — Apples continue scarce, some
prime Duchess having brought $3.50 per bar¬
rel. Gravehsteins of mod'erate size and
their usual high quality are on hand. People
have learned the superiority of this variety
and continually ask for it. A good many
pale Astraclians are worked off as Graven-
steins, which they slightly resemble in shape,
and color, but the result is always a dis¬
appointment. Here is a conversation the
next day after such a deal :

Customer : “Were those apples you sold
me yesterday Gravenstein?’

Dealer : “Yes, of course they were.”

Customer : “Well, what's the matter with
them ? They’re nothing like those I got last
year.”

Dealer: “That's the way they all are.

They didn't grow well this year."

Pears are high and quite a variety are
seen ; Bartlett, both nearby and western,
which are very large, Clapp’s Favorite, Flem¬
ish Beauty, Clairgeau, I.e Conte, Kieffer,
from the South, and Bell. Prime peaches
have been scarce this week. The Connecti¬
cut crop has not yet reached New York,
though some are expected in a few days. They
ougjit to sell readily, as buyers certainly
have not been over-supplied this year; some
very fair Indiana fruit in bushel baskets
is seen. Grapes begin to he a prominent
feature in this market. Scattering lots have
been seen for a month, hut now nearly every
fruit place has them. Some are well colored
but sour as vinegar, probably from vines
where “ringing” is practiced. Trade in near¬
by melons is in a bad state. The cool, rainy
week gave them a flavor something like cow
pumpkins and cucumbers. Ohe way in which
the peddlers dispose of such melons is to
take with their load a few prime Rocky
Fords to cut up in small pieces as samples.
Some people are fooled in this way, and the
peddler takes another route the next day.

Potatoes are again lower. During the
week there was a sudden jump up of three
or four shillings a barrel, owing to the
rainy weather, which prevented digging.
When the rain stopped there was a rush
of digging again, and the early shippers sold
at the advanced price, but this lasted only
a short time. There seems to be no end
of potatoes, and shippers are glad to dis¬
pose of them at 50 cents a bushel, gross, or
a little better.

A “Write-up” for Borax is appearing in
some of the daily papers which fall easy
victims to this form of bunco or act as will¬
ing peddlers of such misinformation. The
present boom for boric acid is in the form
of a letter from a private citizen, ostensibly
in no way interested in the sale of preserva¬
tives. and is intended to counteract the fool¬
ish prejudices of some people who think they
prefer heat, salt or sugar as food preserva¬
tives to such chemicals as borax and for¬
maldehyde. Here are a few statements from
this letter :

“In the United States butter is manufac¬
tured with salt, and the manufacturer of
butter relies upon salt as his preservative,
even though it is not a good one except
when used to excess."

We know where butter that will keep a
year in an ordinary cellar can be had. and
have eaten it two years old without any
suggestion of rancidity, though salted only
enough to suit the average taste. There is
no secret process about this butter. It is
simply the pure article made with care and
neatness.

"If the butter manufacturers in the Unit¬
ed States were permitted to use a harmless
preservative (boric acid) there would be no
bad butter which could be sold to renova¬
tors, and the public would be benefited in
that every ounce of the butter bought by it
could be eaten. None would go had and have
to be thrown away. The consumption of but¬
ter would increase, for everyone knows that
the poorer the butter in quality the less it
is eaten.”

A large amount of the wretched butter
which goes to the renovators is spoiled be¬
fore it ever sees the churn. Dirty milk,
utensils and surroundings are responsible,
and the stuff is scarcely fit for soap grease
The need for renovation of butter ought not
to exist, and no one deplores it more or is
less responsible for it than the reputable
dairyman, but boric acid, used “pound for
pound," with some butter would not make
it sweet, and if it could it would he an insult
to the public to offer it such a mess of dis¬
guised tilth. The only way in which boric
acid could clear the market of poor butter
would be to feed it in killing doses to the
people who make such grease.

“Countries permitting the use of boric
acid are far ahead of the United States as
regards the making of butter; we still
stick to the old preservative — salt — and over¬
salt our butter so that a pile of water can
be put into it; then we look pious and think
we are aiding the health of the public. The
saltless butter made fn the United States
would not keep a week alongside of the
Canadian butter.”

Considerable unsalted butter is sold in this
country, but, as stated above, it will not
keep long. It is not expected to. It sells
higher than salted butter and is handled
quickly. It certainly could not be shipped
abroad unless doctored in some way. There
ls no probability that one will get enough
boric acid in butter fixed up at the legal
rate in some countries (one-half per cent)
to do him any appreciable injury. But The
R. N.-Y, is firmly opposed to letting down
the bars for the increased use of any pre¬
servative of this class. If boric acid is the
correct thing to put in butter, why not In
milk, fish, meats and everything capable of
being thus preserved? There is no doubt
that we get enough of it in these things
now, and neither borax nor formaldehyde in
wholesale doses is recommended as a food
stuff by its most ardent friends. But who
ever heard of a person being injured or
killed by an overdose of salt except from
ocean casualty or the shotgun of an indig¬
nant farmer after chicken thieves? H.

The Standard for Fourteen Years.

You don’t need any experience to apply Ruberoid Roofing; it’s sold
ready to use. We furnish free sufficient nails, tin caps, and Ruberine
Cement for laying; it is so flexible and elastic, yet so strong and tough,
that if you observe ordinary care and the instructions included with each
roll, you are bound to get good results.

It is absolutely air and water tight, weatherproof, fire-resisting, and
retains its elasticity. Our patent compound, with which it is saturated,
contains no tar, rubber, or other short-lived ingredients to melt in hot
weather or crack and dry out with age.

Shingles rot and metal rusts. Ruberoid costs less than either and

CAUTION.— None genuine without the trade mark “ RUBIilROII> ”
stamped on the under side every four feet.

Write for samples and booklet “ R. ’

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MANUFACTURERS.

IOO William Street. New York.

City and country horse owners
use Pratts Harness Soap.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

GSfROn BONE

Green cut bone doublesegg yield. More fertile
eggs, vigorous chiclcs.early broilers, heavy fowls.

M M mile LATEST MODEL
mfinil 9 BONE CUTTER

10 days free trial. No money In advance. Send it
back at our expense i f y ou don’t like i t. Cat'lg free.

F. W.MANN CO., Box j5 , Milford, Mu*.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultrymen's guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 500 illustrations. Describes

thesd‘^(j Cyphers Incubators

firlce $fi. 60 and up, and -40 Poultrymen’s necessities. Free
f you send addresses of two neighbors interested in good
poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, hew York, Kansas
City or San Francisco* *

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, It. I >.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Over

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00.

1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. V.

CholceStock forSale. — Rocks.Wyandottes, Begin ms
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 6Uc.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J-

j— FOX AND RABBIT HOUNDS.
Choice Pups now ready to ship
for $5 each. Also, PUREBRED
GUERNSEY BULL CALVES. MELVIN THOMAS
It. F. D. No. 1, Wayville, Saratoga County. N. Y.

©

SQUABS

are raised in one month:
bring big prices. Money
makers for poultry men,
farmers, women.

335 Howard St., Melrose,

PAGE FENCE STANDS

Use and abuse long after the
price has been forgotten: High-
carbon, double-strength horizon¬
tals; Securely woven; Large
cross-bars; Whole fabric heavily
galvanized. Our first fences—
erected 20 years ago, are still
good. Write for evidence.
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 759,Adrian, Mich.

ooooooooo

P 0 U LT R V*a .'he;

(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-!
(bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— ,
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you}
>our Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the J
(asking— it's worth having.

> Excelsior Wire Sc Poultry Supply Co.,<

>Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. (

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG <

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let ns know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

ROSE COMB W. LEGHORNS

Prize Winners at the Best Shows. Eggs $1
for 15; $3 for 50: $5 for 100. Half price after June
lirst. L. C. HILLS, Delaware, Ohio.

90

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BKRGEY,Box 8, Telford, Pa,

SHORT HORN BULL SALE.

Bob White of Meadowvale, No. 194943.

Out of SPENCER HERD of Dairy Short Horns.
Pure White; three years old. Price moderate.

WM. C. DURHAM, Darien, Conn.

0 1 P Pigs.— April and Julyjfarrow. Prices reason-

• 1 1 Ui able. VanDoren Bros,, Lysander, N. Y.

HEN’S A MINT

She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can -get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfalfa Hay is the green food tbe hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry-raiser
needs to make money. Write for free catalog.
Harvey Seed Co., 88 Elllcott St.. Buffalo, N.Y.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FliEE.

NOW IS THE TIME

Yon can buy the strong¬
est Heavy < 'oiled Spring
Wire Fence securely
locked at lowest mar¬
ket price; also Barb and Soft
"Galvanized Wire at wholesale. Write atonce
tor prices. The Anchor Fence A- .M i’g. Co.. Cleveland, O

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our mii m n
For particulars write Nil BIN
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pyniatunitig St.. Linesville, Pa.

An Increase in Profits

Here is the way it figured out for this man :

$52.52 received the month he used the U. S.
25-QQ received the month he didn’t.

27.52 gained in one month. At this rate
330.24 is the total for the first year, and
. IOQ.iQ.0 deducted for his machine, leaves him
$230.24 net gain, with his machine paid for.

Read the signed statement below :

Dei.hie, Minn., June 6, 1905.

“ I purchased a No. 6 U. S. Separator Feb. 1, 1905, and sold
cream the first month to the amount of $52.52, the product of
8cows. The month previous to getting the Separator the 8
cows produced me about $25. This herd of cows is about the
average herd, three of them being heifers. I can heartily
recommend the U. S. to all who want a first-class Separator.

“H. A. DRYER.”

Pretty profitable investment, wasn't it? Isn’t it worth
investigating? That costs you nothing. Send for
illustrated Catalog No. 550-B, which will teli you all
about it and show you how and why the Improved

U. S. Cream Separators

>I\KK THE LAKGF.ST PROFITS
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls. Vt.

413 18 Distributing Warehouse* throughout the United State* and tailed*

658

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2,

Live Stockand Dairy

HOW TO HANDLE THE PICS.

Wo have 50 three-months-old pigs in clover
pasture with plenty good water, and wish to
put them up to 200 pounds to sell early and
economically. Oats 26 cents, coin 4U cents,
bran, shorts and middllings $20 tier ton.
Plenty of potatoes, with cooking facilities;
could sell the potatoes at 40 cents. What
ration would you recommend? T. D. T.

Belmond, Iowa.

If those pigs were mine, and I wanted
to make pork hogs out of them as soon
as possible on the ration mentioned, I
would leave them in the clover pasture
and feed a balanced ration of tbe corn,
shorts and middlings, using the middlings
to make a thick slop. Giving about one-
half corn and half thick slop, together
with the pasture, will put on a very sat¬
isfactory gain until about the last four
weeks, when I would increase the corn
ration. A. E. foush.

Lucas Co.. Iowa.

I should give plenty of swill, made of
shorts or middlings, and a few dry oats
in the morning, and as it is expected to
sell them as soon as they reach 200 pounds
I should feed mostly corn. As for pota¬
toes, better sell them. I never feed many
potatoes when I can sell them for 20
cents, and as you have good pasture the
shotes will get along without the pota¬
toes. Give them plenty of salt and ashes
in a trough under cover, and I think
they will make pork. I feed my breeding
stock plenty of oats. c« p. moore.

Floyd Co., Iowa.

Under the conditions named (I sup¬
pose your reader lias no regard for breed¬
ing purposes and expects to sell them for
pork), by all means leave them on good
pasture, as it is by far the cheapest hog
feed in existence, but to make them fat
I would shell the corn and soak it 12
hours; that is, from morning till night,
and vice versa. Begin feeding this soaked
corn very gradually, night and morning,
at regular hours, say 6.30 A. M. and 6.30
F. M- Don’t guess at it, but go by tbe
clock ; regularity is one of tbe best feeds.
At 12.30 noon, slop with sweet slop made
up at feeding time in the morning. The
inquirer has not named oil meal, but he
can get it anywhere in Iowa, so he can
well afford to mix one gallon to a barrel
of slop made from the shorts (or even
more). As to the amount of feed, no
one can tell until he is doing the feeding,
as some hogs will eat more than others,
but start easy and increase until they have
all they will clean up in one hour’s time.

Mahaska Co., Iowa. o. r. phei.ps.

THE TROUBLE WITH INCUBATORS.

I read G. O.’s “trouble with chicks” on
page 611, and am sure I can sympathize
with him. having had the same trouble
this Spring. Two of us bought what was
advertised, and guaranteed, to be the best
machine on the market, 120-egg size. I
will refer to them as No. 1 and No. 2 to
economize space: First hatch, No. 1, 20
chicks; No. 2, 44 chicks. Second hatch.
No. 1, 40 chicks; No. 2. 38 chicks. Third
hatch, No. 1, 38 chicks; No. 2, 61 chicks.
The No. 2 machine was run in a damper
cellar, and moisture was supplied for the
last hatch of 61 chicks; therefore we de¬
cided to supply moisture, although it was
expressly given in the book of directions
that no moisture was needed, and when
writing to the manufacturer he said we
should not use it. The result was electri¬
cal. No. 1 machine, 65 tested eggs, 53
chicks; No. 2, 68 from 84, and we have
since run tbe machines with the same
good results. Remember the eggs were of
purebred stock, and both machines were
hatching from the same yards. Just took
80 chicks from 08 tested eggs this morn¬
ing. Our trouble was exactly like G- O.’s,
and I am positive if lie gives them more
air and supplies moisture he will have bet¬
ter results. I want to add the 38 from

100 eggs looked so pasty, stunted and
dried that 1 was ashamed to let anyone
see them ; not so since we are getting
good hatches. From otir experience I
scarcely believe G. O. aired his eggs long
enough. c. F. w.

York, Pa. _

THE MORGAN HORSE IN VERMONT.

There are not many horses of Morgan
blood in this section. In the next county
north, Lamoille, there are more of them. How
pure they are I am unable to sa.v. 1 should
think they would weigh about 000 pounds.
There are not many Morgans being raised. A
good’ horse of any breed will bring $130 to
$200. it. m. n.

Jericho, Vt.

There are several Morgan horses in this
neighborhood, some pure blood. I have a
four-.vear-old mare, nearly full blood, weight
about POO pounds. My price is $130. The
average weight is from 930 to 1,030 pounds,
and the price from $150 to $250. Quite a
number are being raised in this vicinity.

Jeffersonville, Vt. J. a. w.

There are but few horses lwre in the ex¬
treme southern part of Vermont with Morgan
blood; a few half and others with a small
per cent. From 000 to 1,100 is the average
weight of the grade. A young sound horse
of this type costs $150 to $200. They make
a very’ good general-purpose horse, but are not
considered heavy enough for our larger farms.
A French draft and hackney are bred at pres¬
ent and are getting fine colts from our native
and western mares. c. e. n.

Pownal, Vt.

■■

Color of Bi tter. — -The color of butter is
first an inherent characteristic of tin* indi¬
vidual cow and breed. A large proportion of
cows of certain breeds have higher colored
butter than is common with cows of other
breeds, yet there is a great variation in indi¬
viduals in the same breed. Secondly, color
varies with the season ot' the year; almost
universally darker in tbe Summer and iightei
in the Winter. To a moderate extent, and
varying somewhat with the individuality of
the cows, the color may be affected by some
feeds, the most marked effect in my own ob¬
servation being the lightening of color and
hardening of texture when cotton seed meat
is fed'. 1 know of no feed that heightens tin-
color as much in proportion as cotton-seed
meal lightens it. In general silage and clover
tend to darken the color a little. At most,
variation due to feed is slight.

l’urdue University. it. e. van noumax.

A Milkixg Machine. — The Otsego Journal
of Gilbert ville, N. Y., prints t lie following
description of a milking machine used at Ash¬
land Stock Farm :

In the stable there were 114 cows, and the
equipment for the milking machines consists
of a one-horse power electric motor (a gaso¬
line engine, or horse tread, or water motor
would serve as well), a vacuum pump, and a
pipe from the pump running along the beam
above the cow stanchions with a code between
each pair of cows. This pipe also leads to a
galvanized iron vacuum tank, to which is con¬
nected a safety valve to prevent the vacuum
from running higher than desired. The ma¬
chine itself consists of a heavy tin pail or can.
which is cone shaped, and will hold about 55
pounds of milk. The cover of this pail is a
disk in which is the vacuum motor, which pro¬
duces the vacuum . pulsations to draw milk
from the teats. In use the pail is placed be¬
tween the pair of cows to be milked. A rub¬
ber tube connects the pail top with the
vacuum cock above t lie stanchions. Opening
the cock draws the air from the pail, when
the motor immediately starts. The degree of
vacuum maintained is about one-half atmos¬
phere, say 7 Vi pounds pressure. Leading
from the pail cover are two flexible tubes. The
cluster of cups is slipped over tbe teats in less
than five seconds, and the milking starts. The
other cluster of cups is started in the same
way, and the milk from tbe two cows is dis¬
charged into the small pail. In operation the
machines make a low clicking sound which is
caused by the motor. The vacuum pulsations
on the cow run from 50 to 60 a minute, and
it is easy to adjust the speed to any number
desired by means of the throttle. The time
it takes to milk a pair of cows varies with
the amount of milk which they give. A heifer
which gives more than the average cow. was
milked in less than four minutes from the
time the pail was set down. For the two
machines to milk 12 cows requires about 30
minutes. The cows continued feeding while
they were being milked. The milk in passing
into tbe pail goes through glass tubes on the
cover, which enables tbe operator to see
when the cow has been milked, as be can at
all times watch the amount of milk nassine.
The cost to the dairyman having 60 to SO

cows to milk is estimated as follows :

Gasoline engine, two horse-power . $115

Two-cylinder vacuum pump . 75

Fining through the barn, sa.v . 60

Five machines at $75 each . 375

Total . . $625

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred: large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

HULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.
Write for pedigrees and photographs,

KIVKNBIIRG BROS., ONEIDA, N. Y

JONES PAYS
FREIGHT

Wagon $

ON TRIAL

ALL IRON, STEEL AND BRASS
Jones BoxNo.331 Binghamton, n.y.

New York State Veterinary College

of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Free tuition to New York State Students. Extended
announcement. Address

Prof. JAMES LAW, F.R.G.V.S., Director.

Dana’SM^XEAR LABELS

etamned with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording: associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. AgrentM Wanted.

C. 11. DANA* 74 Main St.* W e*t Lebanon* N. II*

NEWTON’S Heave* Cough, Dia¬
tom per and Indigestion Care.

A veterinary specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend*, $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

The Newton Remedy Co.*
Toledo* Ohio.

MILK OIL DIP

FOR

Cattle, Sheep,

Hogs.

Oldest American Dip. Ohenpest,

Most Effective. Strongest obtainable.

1 gal can $1. 62 gal. barrel $40.

Catalog Stockmen’s Supplies Free.

F. $. BURCH & CO.. 144 Illinois Street, CHICAGO.

OUR BEST WISHES

%

KENDALL’S.
PAYIN

go to tbe man
who has a lame
horse. Lameness
means loss-either
utility or money.

Save it all by using

Kendall’s
Spavin

Cure _ _

the old reliable remedy for Spavins, Ringbones,
Splints, Curbs, etc., and all forms of Lameness.
Cures without a blemish as it does not blister.
Price 9 1 ; .lx for *5. As a liniment for family use
it lias no equal. Ask vour druggist for KENDALL'S
SPAVIN CURE, also, ‘‘A Treatise on the Horse and
hi. Disease.,’' the book free, or address
Dr. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

| ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRE S—

!■ Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

bog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM. Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

FOR SALE

MALE ANjl» FE-
_ _ _ M A L E Jhj hi Hl at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Iteg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
In Calf. Hamilton &Co., Krcildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A _

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY lit _ ,

best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price!
R. F. SHANNON. 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa

LL,

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed Juno 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

Large Eng. Berkshires

I mported and Domestic Strai ns. Descriptive circular
showing pedigrees of breeding stock, and price-list
on application. Pigs, pairs and trios not related

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg', Pa.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatns, N. Y.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will he two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Mahers

send us your address. We will keep
you posted as to our sales.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

STAB FARM HOLSTEINS.

Popular Stock. Popular Prices.

STAR FARM leads all its competitors in supplying
the masses with registered Holsteins.

Circulars sent FREE on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 1<5 to select from. A'iuials of both sexes
and all ages to otter at prices that will pleaBe you.^

A special offer on some nicely bred Boll Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanlc, N. J

If You Want Lots of Pigs Buy a

JERSEY RED SOW

The FREE Catalogue Explains,

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestmvn, N. J.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN ILMARCOU.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER. Montrose, Pa.

TtTITT.T. PARM

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 24 A. R. O. daughters.
Higli class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, Foughquag, N. Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brotliers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

“Hollyrood Farm’s ” Great Dispersion Sale!

Thursday, September 7th, at the Farm.

Located one mile from Circleville, five miles from Middletown, Orange County, N. Y. Trains foJ
Circleville leave Middletown at 7.35 and 11.26 a. m. Stages will meet these trains.

100 REGISTERED HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS!

EVERYTHING SOLD WITHOUT RESERVE.

Best Tot of Females Ever Offered at Public Auction All young,
good individuals, grandly bred. Representing the best milk and butter
families of the breed. The most important sale of Black and Whites ever
held in the State.

DON’T MISS THIS SALE. This stock is the kind every one wants. NO
CULLING, but the pick of this great held. SALK STARTS AT 1)30
A.M. SHARP. For extended pedigrees and official records address,

James H. Wallick, - - Middletown, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

659

ANOTHER VIEW OF SELLING BUT -
TER OR MILK.

On page 610 I read with much interest
the article “Selling Butter or Milk,” by
Peter D. Hulst, and as we have at dif¬
ferent times made butter, fattened calves
and sold the milk or cream, I wish to
outline a few good features on our side
of the business. As Mr. Hulst is sell¬
ing the butter and I am selling the milk,
I shall classify these two branches of in¬
dustry for the point of our strife — the
most profitable. Mr. Hulst does not quote
the current creamery prices of butter, but
quotes his stated price throughout the
year ; therefore, 1 shall not quote the net
Exchange prices of milk, but shall quote
my stated price throughout the year.

My average price for milk is 314 cents.
I produce about an even number of cans
each month, Winter and Summer, and de¬
liver it four miles to Poughkeepsie. Mr.
Hulst states that his cows are Jerseys and
Guernseys and his milk tests 5.2 per cent
butter fat ; this is very near to double
standard, and is not required in my case,
hence I keep the Holstein cows, with oc¬
casionally a grade Guernsey. I have 25
cows, and manage to have two fresh
cows to take the places of two dry ones
every month ; therefore I generally milk
23 cows the year ’round. I can buy skim-
milk and buttermilk from a nearby cream¬
ery at the rate of two cans (40 quarts)
for 15 cents for hogs, etc. T consider this
fully as cheap as regarded with the time
and care of separating the cream and mak¬
ing the butter. Our net proceeds for the
milk alone from the 23 milkers for the
year 1904 were $1,745. s. H. d.

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

ABORTION IN COWS.

I have a ease of abortion in my herd of 24
dairy cows and heifers and would like your
advice. I have always kept cows and never
had a cow lose a calf till last Spring. One
cow lost a calf about three weeks before calv¬
ing time. I thought nothing of it at the time
and the cow was kept in the stable with the
others. The rest of the cows are due to
calve about in October. July 1 we had an¬
other case, and others July 20, 23 and Au¬
gust 1. The cows were fed silage twice a
day and hay at noon till January 1. Silage
giving out, then they were fed hay three times
a day. For a grain ration they had buck¬
wheat feed (the hull and shorts after the
flour was taken out), with wheat, bran and
gluten. Toward Spring the buckwheat feed
was omitted; as soon as they were turned on
grass the grain ration was taken away.
About February the water in the barnyard
was frozen up and they had to go a few rods
to a spring to drink. What would be the
best tiling to do with the cows already af¬
fected? I am thinking about getting what I
can out of them this Winter and putting them
in beef next Spring. IIow soon will the milk
be fit for market after they abort? What do
you think was the starting of the disease and
is there any way of saving the rest of the
dairy? w. f. c.

While I am not much of a believer in
luck, I think W. F. C. very fortunate if
he has always kept cows, has a herd of
24, and this is his first experience with
abortion. It certainly indicates that there
was nothing lacking in his management,
and everything recited as to their feed
and treatment the past Winter and Spring
would show no cause for the trouble. It
would have been wiser to have reduced
the grain ration gradually, after the cows
went to pasture, thus maintaining full
vigor-

I know of few, if any, herds in which
abortion does not occur. Often one will go
for a long period entirely free from it, then,
as with the questioner, without any ap¬
parent cause, it will appear and sometimes
go through almost the entire herd. Again,
we see it run through an entire neighbor¬
hood, then disappear and little trouble
comes from it again.

Abortion is most likely to occur after
five or seven months in calf. The first
case usually comes from a slip or hook
from another cow, and sometimes from a
milk stool or club. If care is not taken
to remove the foetus- and afterbirth and
thoroughly disinfect both the animal and
her stall, from this may develop other
cases of sporadic, sympathetic, contagious
abortion, which will run through an en¬
tire herd. The writer speaks from costly

experience. In his case the trouble came
from a lot of malt sprouts that were
filled with ergot and ashes. Usually the
cows standing next the one aborting are
the next cases, particularly if they are
within two or four months of calving.

I would suggest that the inquirer feed
all his cows a tablespoonful of finely
ground bone meal daily, for at least six
months. This can be purchased of al¬
most any dealer in fanners’ supplies, es¬
pecially prepared for the purpose. See
that the cows have abundance of stimulat¬
ing food and arc comfortably sheltered at
night and in stormy weather. For any
that have recently aborted or do so in the
future, thoroughly wash the stall and sur¬
roundings with a tablespoonfu! of car¬
bolic acid in a quart of water, and inject
a solution of a teaspoonful of same to a
quart of water. Repeat this injection
every day for a week, longer if there is
any discharge. The writer uses otic of
the carbolic sheep dips for both a wash
and injection, reduced as per directions
on package, and prefers this to the carbol¬
ic. Do not breed any cow that has aborted
until at least three months after. While
there will likely be more cases, by such
treatment most of the cows will again
breed, carry their calves the full time,
and if well fed milk with a fair degree of
profit in the interval- Any that fail to
do so may then be fattened. It is one
of the cases where patience will have to
exercise her perfect work. The milk will
be good after the fourth day, the same as
a cow calving natually.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

BEEF CATTLE IN NEW ENGLAND.

On page 63 I noticed an inquiry regard¬
ing beef production on dairy farms. A
very discouraging answer by H. E. Cook
is the only reply. Mr. Cook’s conclu¬
sions may be correct, provided all feed
must be purchased, at given rates. But
cannot those Vermont farms raise some¬
thing to fatten “baby beef for instance,
millet and Canada peas as hay, or oats
and pea hay, or King Philip or Squaw
corn, or Pride of the North, or rutabagas
or mangels, corn to be either run through
a feed cutter, or made into silage? It is
not a question of pasture, for you need
none for your beef. Short-horn grades
are the ideals as dams of baby beef. Hol-
steins are not so desirable, but with a
blocky, curly-coated Hereford as a sire,
it hinges on the question, whether you
can raise the feeds mentioned above. If
so, separated milk and plenty of the above
mentioned feeds, will make from 50 to 75
pounds per month of age up to about 16
months. This is no haphazard chore, but
will require as close attention as the dairy
cow. If one can feed a carload they can
be put on the great markets of the East;
if only a few they could be peddled in
any town of 2,500 people, or more. You
can tell by looking up the New York,
or Buffalo market for such quality beef,
if you can risk the venture or not. With
Short-horn, Devon, Holstein or “blocky”
Jerseys as dams, and a Hereford sire, it
is only a question of feed and attention
to make the finest quality and most profit¬
able beef that can be produced. Can
those New England farms, that can be
bought for $25 to $40 per acre raise the
necessary feed stuff? “Buildings” don’t
raise potatoes and corn, or clover and
Alfalfa. It requires soil and water. If
not, I'he R. N.-Y. would better discon¬
tinue that editorial breeze and “come
West.” I know nothing about the quality
of those eastern farms; whether they
will produce a paying crop to be turned
into either beef or butter, but with corn
silage, millet and oats and Canada peas,
clover or Alfalfa, the dairyman, or beef
or pork raiser need have no fears of the
price of gluten, or bran, or any other pre¬
pared feed. He has no need of them.
But the “man behind the cow” must wake
up, study and read up; read the best,
breed the best, and feed the best. Keep
only one kind of anything — the best. This
is not theory, nor absorbed “book farm¬
ing,” but the conclusions arrived at by 25
years’ experience in breeding and feeding
the cow and calf. geo. purdy.

Kansas.

WARRINER’S STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS
W. B. CRUMB, 73

Main St., Forestville,Conn.

60 Wi
Indies;

If you

'’can afford to send
'cash with order, we
’ have a proposition you
cannot afford to overlook.
Don't send cash for a sepa¬
rator of unknown value, but
write for this money-saving

NATIONAL

SEPARATOR

offer. The National saves its I
cost the first year. Itskims
to a ( race, and has an unusu¬
ally si inpie, durable construc¬
tion that makes it easy to
run .easy to wash, and long
wearing. Writeto-day for
the cash proposition aud |
catalogue 50 Address

HASTINGS INDUSTRIAL CO.,
General Sales Agents,

I.a Salle At Lake 8t». , Chicago.
MADE BY

National Dairy Haeh. Co.,
Newark, N. J.

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AH EQUAL!

Built by the oldest concern making MANURE
SPREADERS in this country. Twenty-eight
years of experience behind it.

Is built to stand hard knocks.

Spreads every kind of barnyard manure.
Leads all others in improvements.

Built in different sizes, to meet all demands.

Let ns send yon our booklet, “ A Savings Bank
on Wheels.” free to everybody.

THE RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO.
Worcester, Massachusetts.

DROP THAT PITCHFORK!

It’s impossi¬
ble to spread
manure pro¬
perly by fork.
Use the

American
Manure
Spreader

and raise % to better crops. Thousands in use,
all giving satisfaction. Got our combined Cata¬
logue nn T Manure Handbook. It’s free.

American Harrow Co., 16t2Ha»llnga St., Detroit. Mich.

Buy the Success ^Manure Spreader.

and avoid allmlstakes. The
llrst cost of such a machine
v is considerable and you owe
'it to yourself to get the
V right one In the start. We
have been making Manure
Spreaders for 26 years and
know that the Success Is right.
Another proof Is that there are
more of our machines In use
'than of all other makes com¬
bined. Spreads any kind of ma-
I nure. In any condition, lime, salt, ashes, plaster and fertilizer, broadcast or In drills. Simplest, strongest,

I lightest draft, easiest to load, and most durable. Full guarantee. Send for our book on Farm Fertility.
It tells the complete story of the Success Manure Spreader. Wo mall It troo.

Kemp & Burpee Manufacturing Co., Box 38, Syracuse, N. Y.

! THE ADVANCE

MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE

The construction is .ho .simple and durable thnt it never Riven
ai»y trouble The driver completely control* the feed from his
■eat withoutstopping the machine. Wrought steel wheels with
wide tires. Can be turned in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and enn he loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY

The enormous saving in time and labor, its superiority over
others, make it an investment that pays for itself in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free , up*»n request, describing tho
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

BEST OF SEPARATORS
ACTUALLY FREE
OF COST.

This [is really the fact in the purchase of a
DE LAYAL CREAM SEPARATOR. Any reput¬
able person may buy a DE LAVAL machine on such
liberal terms that the machine actually pays
for itself.

And it not only does this the first few months,
in which it saves its cost, but goes on doing it for
fully twenty years to come. In the face of these
facts buying trashy “cash-in-advance” separators, or
any other tban the best, is penny wise, dollar fool¬
ish. Such machines quickly I OS 6 their cost instead
of Say i n g It, and then go on losing instead of saving.

There is no possible reason why anv buyer of a
Cream Separator should be content with less than the
DE LAVAL, and there never was a more promising
time to make this most profitable of all farm invest¬
ments.

Send at once for new catalogue and full
particulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph ft Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcOermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

66o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2

HUMOROUS

Mother: “I’m glad you’re playing with
good little boys now.” T' “Yes’ni;
they ain’t like the other kind. I kin lick
any one o’ dese kids if I wanter.” — Phila¬
delphia Ledger.

“You’re such a wretched writer it’s a
wonder you wouldn’t get a typewriting
machine.” “I would, only that would
show what a miserable speller I am.” —
Philadelphia Press.

“John’s home from college?” “Yes.”
What’s he goin’ to do now?” “Well,/
‘twixt you an’ me, I think he’s jest decided
to loaf around, an’ be one o’ these hen «*'
incomprehensible geniuses!” — Atlar

Constitution.

“You are not saying as much about _
trusts as you used to.” “No.” ansvu

Co ■

Farmer Corntossel. “There’s altoi,*^ ^
too much temptation for a man ttCiA’p

. O7

chasin’ octopuses when he ought . ^be
pickin’ potato bugs.” — 'Washington Star.

Weary Husband: “Doctor, I don’t see
why you can’t cure my wife of her aches
and pains?” Doctor: “Sir, I have great
regard for the opinion of your wife, and
if I should cure her of her aches and pains,
she’d never forgive me !” — Detroit Free
Press.

“Do you take any interest in rare and
beautiful books?” “No,” answered Mr.
Cumrox. “I used to; but now if you sub¬
scribe to an expensive publication people
think you did it to keep something out of
print.” — Washington Star.

When you write advertisers mention The
ft. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square degl.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At W HOI,lSS ALiE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you.U Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL. 240 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

2 5 to 30 per cent commission

In net orders for our celebrated Teas,
Ciiffecg, Spleen, Extracts noil BakiiiB
Powder. Beautiful Presents ami Coupona
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. 0. Box 2S9, St-33 VeseySt., New York,

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14 x 8

Wagon Scales

$25

On trial. Tay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5, BINGHAMTON N. Y.

YOUR IDEAS

$100,000 offered for one In¬
vention; $8,500 for another.
Book “How to Obtain a Patent’’ and
‘What to Invent” sent free. Send
rough sketch for free report as to
patentability. We advertise your
t patent for sale at our expense.
Chandiee & Chandlee, Patent Attorneys,
979 F. Street, Washington, D. C.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. II. KOliERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

ENSILAGE AK9 FODDER
CUTTERS B^EMPIRFA*,

with Crusher and Shred¬
der Also 1.2 ana .’I Horse Tread
Powers, 2 to 8 Horse Sweep
Powers, 5 sizes Grain Separa*
tors, Feed Mills, Hand and
Power Corn Shellers, Wood
Saws, Engines, 3 to 25 H. P.,

Mounted or Stationary, etc.

Catalogue free.
fllR MKS81M.KK fflFG. C0.v Tatamj, Pa.

ENSILAGE GUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen’s Profits. Every Cutter fully wai-
ranted. Send to-day for Free Catalogue and Prices.

BOX No. 57.

I Am the Paint Man

2 Full Gallons Free to Try— 6 Months Time to Pay

I A M the
paint man.
I havo a
new way of
manufacturing
and selling
paints. It’s
unique— it’s
better.

Before my
st. i. on l», Mo. plan was in¬

vented paint was sold in two ways—
either ready-mixed or the ingredients
were bought and mixed by the painter.

Ready-mixed paint settles on the
shelves, forming a sediment at the bot¬
tom of the can.

The mineral in ready-mixed paint,
when standing in oil, eats the life out of
the oil. The oil is the very life of all
paints.

Paint made by the painter cannot be
properly made on account of lack of the
heavy mixing machine.

My paint is unlike any other paint in
the world.

It is ready to use, but not ready-
mixed.

My paint is made to order after each
order is received, packed in hermetically
sealed cans with the very day it is made

•tamped on each can by my factory in¬
spector.

I ship my pigment — which is white
lead, zinc, drier and coloring matter
freshly ground, after order is received—
in separate cans, and in another can I
ship my Oilo, which is pure old process
linseed oil, tho kind that you used to buy
years ago beforo the paint manufactur¬
ers, to cheapen the cost of paint, worked
in adulterations.

I sell my paint direct from my factory
to user at my very low factory price; you
pay no dealer or middleman profits.

I pay the freight on six gallons or
over.

My paint is so good that I make this
wonderfully fair test offer:

When you receive your shipment of
paint, you can use two full gallons— that
will cover 600 square feet of wall— two
coats.

If. after you have used that much of
my paint, you are not perfectly satisfied
with it in every detail, you can return the
remainder of your order and the two gal¬
lons will not cost you one penny.

No other paint manufacturer ever
made such a liberal offer.

It is because I manufacture the finest
paint, put up in the best way, that I can
make this offer.

I go even further.

I sell all of my paint on six months’

time, if desired.

This gives you an opportunity to
paint your buildings when they need it,
and pay for the paint at your convenience.

Back of my paint stands my Fight
Year, officially 6igncd, iron-clad.
Guarantee.

'\\s>

This Is the longest and most lib¬
eral guarantee ever put on a paint.

For further particulars regarding
my plan of selling, and complete col¬
or card of all colors, send a postal to
O. L. Chase, St. Louis, Mo.

I will send my paint book— the
most completo book of its kind ever
published — absolutely free. Also my
instruction book entitled “This Little
Book Tells IIow To Paint” and copy
of my 8 year guarantee.

The. Taint
Man

415 Sixth Street

- *■ ill J «_» J VUl pk UUi Uukvvi

St. Louis, Mo.

V«a

WINCHESTER

“NEW RIVAL”

BLACK POWDER SHELLS

The most successful hunters shoot Win¬
chester “New Rival” Factory Loaded
Shotgun Shells, blue in color, because they
can kill more game with them. Try them
and you will find that they are sure fire,
give good pattern and penetration and are
satisfactory in every way. Be sure and
get Winchester Factory Loaded “ New
Rival” Shells. Don’t accept any substitute.

ALL DEALERS SELL THEM

rCIBhfl E" |U Cut to tho length you wont,

H USJiJ Li n and cut evenly.

Delivered into any silo anywhere to any height) with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The atuiulurd by which all other machine* arc built*

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
1 0 to 20 tons per hour* Prices lower than any other good

machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will _

tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called Tha Comploto Machine.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Go., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

Daily Stable Duties

euch as feeding amt cleaning »re made light
by using Louden’s

' Feed and Litter
Carrier.

Box of omplo capacity carried everywhere
through alablings, over switches and on
curved tracks. Runs easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above head.
A labor and time saver— no barn complete
without it. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Toole. Flexible
Barn Door Bangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Louden Machinery Co.
39 Broadway,
Fairfield, Iowa.

■n&WSS&K l

HORSE POWERS

THRASHERS
and CLEANERS

One &two-horso Thrashing Outfits. Level p||TTCDC
Tread, Perfect Governor, Feed & Ensilage U U I I trio
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKEYSTONEAGR'LWORKS.PottstOwn.Pa

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries oil surplus water;
admits air to the soil. In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
J uekson’s Hound Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brink, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOIIK U. JACKSON, 76 Third Ave., Albany, N. X.

I

ir ffi [. H.c. manure spreader

lays claim to superiority of design, construction and actual spreading ability. Item-
ploys the well known and reliable chain drive, applies power from both rear
wheels, thus avoiding all side draft and uneven strain on machine and mechanism.
Can be thrown in or out of gear while in motion with absolute safety, as there are no
gears to break by sudden meshing. Steel tracks for apron and the three sets of apron
rollers insure free, easy motion and freedom from buckling. Apron speed regulated
to ten different feeds— Three to thirty loads per acre. Changes in feed made in¬
stantly while spreader is in motion. The I. H.C. Spreader is the only one with a
single lever controlling perfectly every operation of the machine. It Is the only
spreader with a vibrating rake which serves to level the most uneven load and re¬
sults in perfectly even distribution. Solid steel axles. Front wheels cut under — can
be (timed in its own length. Steel wheels, broad faced tires, with traction lugs on
rear wheels. Unusually strong all over, and of exceeding light draft.

The I. H. ft. Spreader spreads all kinds of manure rapidly, evenly and perfectly. It matters
little if manure be strawy, chaffy, packed, caked, wet. dry or frozen, thia machine will tear
it apart and distributeit upon the land evenly. It will handle fine, composted manure for
top dressing in the most perfect manner, and even the presence of corn stalks In the ina
nnre does not prevent the excellent quality of Its work. It is the greatest labor saver of the
age. Made in three siaes. 35, 65 and 75 bushels. Our nearest agent will supply you with
printed matter, prices, etc. See him before buying, or write

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA (Incorp.)
7 Monroe Street, Chicago, III.

xiiHi-Ht"

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a I, otter silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and witli less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and tbo easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, neverdisappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papec- Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papec Machine Co., Box 10, Lima,N.Y.

Baldwin and
Gale-Baldwin

Get Speed and
Right Work.

Self
Feed.
Cut
|Li Any
Length.

Ensilage Cutters.

Machines approach perfection in botli cutting
and elevating. Adjust for four lengths cut.
Side or straightaway delivery. All sizes for
all powers. Write for catalogue.

The Belcher 0 Taylor A. T. Co.,

Box 78, Chioopeo Falls, Mass.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2902. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 9, 1905.

WEEKLY, fl.00 PEK YEAR

HANDLING SEED POTATOES IN FLORIDA.

I have just ordered some very fine and costly Irish pota¬
toes as seed to plant for Winter crop, and am anxious not to
raise diseased tubers, and to make as good success as possi¬
ble wiih (hem, as I wish to use this crop after (hey arc
harvested in November for seed to plant in December for
early Spring crop. So I write you, as best practical author¬
ity I know of, to answer the following questions : After
receiving (he northern-grown seed po(atoes and cutting them,
would you advise placing them spread out in sun to green,
or would it he best to green them in sun and then cut? As
soon as cut, would you advise sprinkling well-slaked lime
over cut pieces? Would you advise after above is done to
soak them in a solution of two ounces corrosive sublimate
mixed in 15 gallons water for ll/j hour, planting imme¬
diately? Would it he a more certain way to bed them (after
above is done), and mulch bed with leaves, watering till they
begin to sprout, and then plant? J. s. c.

Dade Co., Florida.

We grow our seed in Virginia, Massachusetts and
Maine. For best results vve think they should be shipped
here December 1 sure, and then spread out thin in
some partially lighted room, from two to four weeks.
We do not cut till we are ready to plant, and then
sprinkle with land plaster.

We have no trouble with the
seed sprouting that is grown
as far north as Massachu¬
setts, but the Virginia seed
wants more time and light.

We usually plant at Hastings
about first week to last week
in January, so you see the
seed coming here first of De¬
cember will want to be spread
pretty thin, or sprouts will
become too tender and white,
but with the seed only one
layer deep and plenty of light
they will come very stubbed
and strong. I would not cut
on any account till ready to
plant. G. w. L.

Hastings, Fla.

Your reader will have no
trouble to keep his potatoes
from November until Decem¬
ber ; I can keep potatoes from
April until Christmas. I
have done so by putting them
under the house, a dark, dry
and cool place, with plenty of
ventilation. Do not advise
your reader to depend on
home-grown seed for his
main or Spring crop; it will
not do well. Our experience is to save seed from
Spring to plant in the Fall, but always get northern
grown for Spring crop. It will not be necessary to
sprout the seed, except in case of cool and wet weather,
delaying planting. He could sprout them by cutting
the seed and spreading out evenly on barn floor, cover¬
ing lightly with sand one inch thick, and keeping moist.
I have had potatoes up in three days in this way. This
will insure a better stand. f. r. v.

Leon Co., Fla.

In planting potatoes in this section we prefer to
cut them merely long enough before planting to dry
the cut, which may be hastened, planting a few hours
after cutting by using lime or plaster on them. We
have no experience in bedding the potatoes to sprout
for planting; in our light soil we have had no trouble
in getting them up in good time. We would prefer get¬
ting our seed from the North at planting time and
putting them in at once. a. l. h.

Orange Co., Fla.

November-dug potatoes will hardly sprout in Decem¬
ber following, so would have same dug and shipped as
early as possible. They can be shipped in well-ventil¬
ated barrels. Harden or blue on arrival by exposure

to light or sunshine; if planting time is at hand and
you are in a hurry re-barrel and confine in a close
place to make them sprout. If scabby treat for same
and sulphur (I have never used lime), cutting to one
or two eyes and planting at once. If soil is at all wet
be sure to cover lightly, or they will be sure to rot;
more soil can be added later when up. The trench
system by horse culture pays best here. We make about
200 pounds per acre. On account of convenience in
hauling we prefer to ship in bushel boxes. We can
then also pack in cars with tomatoes or egg plants in
cases. The eastern market, however, prefers barrels.
This experience pertains strictly -to extreme southern
Florida, where it seldom freezes the most tender vege¬
tation. w. w.

Miami, Fla.

The existing conditions of the weather at the time
that the seed arrives have much to do with the treat¬
ment. The tendency to rot is the worst trouble with
seed that arrive in the early part of October. They
are often overheated on the way. or in warehouse after

arrival. Spreading in a shady airy place and treating
with lime will do some good. I would not spread seed
in the sun unless on cool or cloudy day, either in cut
or uncut condition, but if spread in half shade or two-
thirds shade for a day or two, both before and after
cutting, before planting would help prevent rotting and
promote sprouting. The best results come from cut¬
ting in large pieces and leaving the small potatoes un¬
cut. As stable manure is a very necessary stimulant
for Winter-grown potatoes some treat the seed with
corrosive sublimate to prevent scab. I would hold the
seed in the shade till the weather conditions were right
if I had to wait a month for the main crop. The ground
may be too dry and hot, or too wet and cold. When
prairie land is in the best condition then pine land is
not at all fit to plant in, and the opposite is also true.
By watering them under leaves one might get them
sprouted at a wrong time of suitable climatic condi¬
tions for planting. When the conditions are right po¬
tato growing is both pleasant and profitable, as there
are no Potato bugs and our Winter crop can be used
during our tourist season from January to April.

Dade Co., Fla. w. A. h. hobbs.

Seed should be placed under a shed or some pro¬

tected spot, and covered carefully with clean sacks or
leaves. Be sure to cover it sufficiently to stand a
temperature of 15 degrees below freezing. About five
weeks before planting remove the cover and spread
the tubers out so they are fully exposed to the light
(not the direct rays of the sun). Cut the tubers about
two days before planting, and place them in a dry
place so as to allow a formation of “callus” before
planting. Medium-size tubers are more desirable than
large ones. Sprinkling staked lime over the moist cut
surface of the tuber is an excellent practice. Remove
at once all tubers showing the least sign of rot. I
am of the opinion that you would lose most of your
seed if you watered it in the bed. F. M. rolfs.

Florida Exp. Station.

A GERMAN ON THE PARCELS POST.

Your article on parcels post interested me very much,
as I have often wondered why this branch of the Post
Office Department was neglected in this country, when in

Germany, my native country,
this branch proved such con¬
venience to the people and
so remunerative to the gov¬
ernment. I think the fault
is that our representatives in
Congress are mostly lawyers,
and the heads of departments
men of political but not busi¬
ness training. I myself had
an interesting experience:
years ago in Washington
which speaks for itself. Sou¬
venir postal cards and pri¬
vate mailing cards furnished
a considerable income to the
German postal department,
and thinking that by intro¬
ducing this branch of com¬
munication in this country
a nice business could be de¬
veloped, I went to the Post¬
master General and laid the
case before him. I was re¬
ferred to the fourth associate
postmaster, and a more ri¬
diculous argument objecting
to a one-cent postage for pri¬
vate mailing cards I never
heard or would have imag¬
ined. “It would diminish the
letter postage.” My argument
that no one would ever write on a postal card any¬
thing that one wanted to keep secret was of no avail,
and as the postal cards of the Government were more
blotting paper than anything else, I offered to furnish
free to the Government the paper for that particular
kind of postal cards, but this also was refused, and I
gave up in disgust. To-day the private mailing cards
and souvenir postal cards are quite an item in the re¬
ceipts of the post office. Certainly it would hurt the
express office if the Government would install a parcels
post, but it would benefit the population in general to a
large extent. Just hammer away and some time we will
have a Postmaster General who will side with the peo¬
ple, and we will get it.

As to your praiseworthy endeavor to weed out dis¬
honest concerns who defraud the farmers, I would like
to say that we have hundreds of old reliable firms in
this country who are honest and square in their deal¬
ings, and farmers should stick to them, and not try
to buy something for nothing on the “get-rich-quick”
plan. But you know yourself that it is a weakness of
the people in this country to get something for nothing.
Good things cost money, and as it costs much work to
get money on % farm, a farmer ought to be very care-

MAKING APPLE BUTTER ON A MARYLAND FARM. Fig. 278. See Page 664.

662

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 9

ful where he sends his money to. I for one will risk
no money on anything before inquiring very carefully.

Ohio. _ ERNST DREWITZ.

USE OF HAYING MACHINERY.

In a discussion on haying machinery, I notice the
hay loader and horse fork are not very favorably spoken
of. This part of Maryland raises a good deal of hay.
1 myself putting up 100 tons or more a season, and I
must say to give up either the hay loader or horse fork
would be entirely out of the question. I have used the
fork for 25 years and the loader about 12; have never
had a side-delivery rake or thought that I was badly
handicapped by not owning one. I felt that I owed
these two good friends of mine at least a word in
their favor. jos. t. moore, jr. .

Montgomery Co.,. Md.

I notice Mr. Lyon questions the value of the horse
fork in barns. For such barns as we build here, where
the hay must all go up into the mow, they are invalua¬
ble. In our own barn there are two mows, each 32 x 36,
one each side of a 16-foot driveway. There are no
cross beams between mow floor and track (30 feet), and
the 500-pound forkfuls swing in just clear of the mow
at whatever height it may be, so that an active man
can roll them off to the side as fast as they come. We
find it best to use two horses on the rope. We have
not been troubled by pressure of hay on sides of barn.
We have used a hay loader without side-delivery rake
for many years. Our present loader takes from swath
or windrow of any size equally well. Both fork and
loader are necessities on this farm. G. w. p.

Pana, Ill.

On page 614 Id. H. Lyon asks those who have had
experience to give opinions as to the profitableness of
using haying machinery. I believe there is no ma¬
chinery used by farmers that pays so great a profit as
that used in securing the hay crop, especially the mow¬
ing machine, horse rake, and horse fork. I he hay
crop is so easily and so greatly injured by rain or even
by heavy dew when once dry that anything anything
that will hasten the securing of the crop is valuable.
Old Major or some other horse, at a cost of about 25
cents per day, will unload more hay in a day with good
horse fork than four men at $1.50 each. In regard to
injuring the barn by letting the hay pile up in the
center and then rolling to outside, lie will find that after
the hay has settled a few days there will be almost no
pressure on the sides of the building, as it seems to
draw in rather than press out. When put in in this
way it does not come out as easily perhaps, but we
consider that a small item, as we usually have all Win¬
ter to take it out in, and only one day (at a time) in
which to put it in, and it is better to have 20 loads good
and bright and dry in the barn than five such loads in
the barn and the remainder out over night in the rain.
The word hustle doesn’t apply to any other farm work
with so much force as in securing the hay crop.

MICHIGAN.

For at least 25 years I have been a careful reader of
The R. N.Y., and I have always found it a thorough
digester of farm subjects. Although its contributors
are mostly from the East it is none the less valuable to
a Wisconsin farmer. There may be a difference in
climate, soil and markets to be reckoned with, yet as
a general subject of agriculture I find much that is
written by them beneficial to me. After reading what
H. H. Lyon said on page 614 about hay machinery, 1
thought it might interest R. N.-Y. readers to hear how
we hay in Wisconsin. By giving my own method it may
answer some of the questions he asked. My barn is
40 x 100 feet; first floor, eight-foot posts, arranged for
stock. The upper part is in one room without sills or
posts, making an open space the full size of the barn 32
feet from floor to carrier track, with an estimated ca¬
pacity of 200 tons of hay. The hay is taken in with a
fork from the outside at one end, requiring it to be
elevated over 40 feet. I use a tedder and loader, and
two teams to haul in. One man is kept on the load at
the bariifto handle the fork. The team and driver
who brings the load from the field help unload. In
the field is the other team, driver and two other men
on the load. In this way I keep all hands constantly
busy, and a good day’s work is 20 loads that will aver¬
age one ton of dry hay each. No rake is used, as the
loader gathers it from the swath as cleanly as the rake
can. The mowing away is mostly done by one man as
soon as the hay drops from the fork. Tf this is neglected
and the hay allowed to roll off from the pile where
dumped it becomes packed and matted, making it a
difficult job to get it out. This season I have made
over 200 tons of fine hay, notwithstanding the inclem¬
ency of the weather, where on adjoining farms with¬
out the tedder and loader the hay was ruined by
the rain. I find that where one has a large quantity
of hay to make it pays to have hay machinery. To
show the economy of a hay loader I will mention
the case of a farmer a few miles from here, wdio
wras short of help, with a big crop of hay on his
hands, He purchased a loader and did considerable

of the hauling in without any other help. He did the
driving, loading and unloading alone. To one unac¬
customed to using a loader this will seem impossible,
yet it can be done, and thereby the problem of “short
help” partially solved. JOHN A. ocden.

Wisconsin. _

OCTAGON SILO AND PIG PEN.

I saw on page 455 a picture of an octagon or eight¬
sided silo which looks like mine, and as I built mine a
little different, I thought I would tell how I did it.
First, I dug a hole 4)4 feet deep, then 1 built a good
solid octagonal wall two feet w’ide, with lime and ce¬

ment mortar. Then I made a sill of two thicknesses of
2x8 oak plank. I next bought some good hemlock
2x4 scantling, and laid them up log-house fashion one
on top of the other flat ways, spiking them well and
breaking joints every layer, and ran them up 22 feet,
leaving every other one back one-half inch, so as to
make a shoulder to plaster on. I put on a roof like Mr.
Manchester has, only I put a dormer window in
one side to run the silage in. I next put tar paper on
the outside and ceiled up with matched boards. I ce¬
mented the bottom and sides with good cement clear to
the roof. In cementing I put it on thicker in the cor¬
ners, so made it about round. I did not buy patent
doors, but we made them ourselves; they are tight and
all right, and I have a silo that keeps silage first rate.
I built the silo just outside of the barn, so the silage
will come in the walk in front of two rows of cows
facing each other. There is no need of putting tar
paper and matched boards on the outside if a person
cannot afford it, as I think the cement and 2x4
scantling laid tightly will keep it all right, but it looks
better boarded up. When done my silo was 14 feet in
diameter and 26 feet high, and when full will feed 18 or
20 cows all they want.

I have just finished a pigpen of which I send a rough
sketch accompanying. The building is 16 x 24 feet and
14 feet high, with cement floors. The walk in front is
four feet wide, and the pens are 8 x 12, with a door
in each corner for the pigs to go out in the yard, and
in the other corner is the bed made of 2 x 6 plank left
apart one-half inch, so it will drain off and keep dry.
The sides of the beds are four inches high. The walk
is raised four inches higher than the pens, so it will

WE AND OUR DOG. Fig. 280.

always be dry, and I have a gutter at the lower side of
the pen with a pipe at the end to carry off all liquid.
There are two windows in front and two at the back of
the pens, so there is plenty of ventilation, and I also
have a ventilator to carry off the steam and foul air,
and overhead or upstairs I have a fine large room where
I intend to store light farming tools and straw for bed¬
ding the pigs. I have swing doors to shut off the
troughs when feeding. I think I have got a very con¬
venient pigpen. F. k. c.

Charlotte, Vt.

STRAWBERRIES UNDER GLASS.

How can I raise strawberries in a greenhouse? I wish t(
try some this Fall and Winter. If the runners which 1 art
now transplanting are kept going will they go on and fruit 1

Andover, N. II. J. F. M.

Commercial growers fruit their greenhouse straw¬
berries in benches which arc emptied each season, new
plants and new soil being provided- The soil is a wcll-
rotted compost, prepared as for roses or carnations
thoroughly pulverized when put into the benches, its
depth being five inches. The plants for the first crop
are runners layered into three-inch pots, and planted
in the benches early in September, five or six inches
apart. Fire heat usually begins early in November, but
when grown on a large commercial scale some houses
are kept cool until later provide a succession. Houses
that are being brought into bearing are kept at a tem¬
perature of 60 degrees at night, often running up to
90 degrees in the day, with sun heat. On warm, sunny
days free ventilation is given. Watering must be man¬
aged with very great care; although the benches do
not dry out rapidly in Winter, a daily sprinkling must
be given to avoid infestation by red spider. An excess
of moisture results in mildew, often a source of seri¬
ous damage, especially in dull or foggy weather. No
mulch is used on the bench, and the surface of the

soil is frequently stirred, to prevent the growth of

moss. As soon as a flower opens a little crotchcd

twig is put under it, stuck in the earth ; this supports

both flower and fruit. If the flower is not supported it
is likely to mildew without setting fruit; it is also nec¬
essary to support the fruit both to keep it clean and to
invite ripening. The first crop from these young plants
is expected to be ripe about Christmas- In addition to
the runner plants, mature crowns are lifted with a
good ball of roots and set in cold frames in late Fall.
As the young plants cease fruiting, these are trans¬
ferred from the frames and planted in the benches
among the young plants, where they fruit in February
or March. The benches are cleared out in April. In¬
sect enemies are few; the perennial red spider, and a
small black cutworm, which seems to amuse itself by
cutting off the stem of the young fruit. The runners
the inquirer is now preparing should be suitable for the
first crop.

ANOTHER HARD STRAWBERRY QUESTION

I have read with much interest “Massachusetts”
trouble with strawberries, and thought my experience
might prove interesting. I set out Spring of 1904 three-
quarters acre of Climax, Sample and President in one
plot; Uncle Jim, Brandywine and Parsons’ Beauty in
the other. The first plot was set four feet apart, two
feet in the rows, the second three feet by two. The
former were allowed to make wide, matted rows, the
other narrow ones; kept well cultivated all Summer,
and in the Fall was a fine sight, free from weeds, with
good strong, healthy plants. They were mulched with
swamp hay raked off in the Spring and put between the
rows. They blossomed full and were a fine sight, and
the berries that set a wonder. I looked for 200 bushels.
About the time they commenced to ripen we had that
heavy, warm rain ; result, berries rotted, ripe and green
ones, very badly. I picked and sold 75 bushels. I got
double the amount of berries from the wide, matted
rows than I did from the narrow ones; the wide rows
were Climax, Sample and President. My neighbor,
with one acre, one-half the bed kept over, and the other
new narrow rows, varieties New York and Corsican,
mulched with horse manure, lost half his crop. My soil
is sandy loam, low land, and has been used for market
garden crops for several years- My neighbor’s was
light soil, high land. There was no fertilizer put on in
the Spring on my land; there was none put on when
plants were set. I thought the ground was rich enough
from growing garden crops. They tell us in the papers
to take our best land for strawberries ; can’t get it
too rich. What caused my failure? w. l. hannah.

Connecticut. _

MORE ABOUT ALFALFA.

There has been so much said about the difficulty of
starting an Alfalfa field that after my experience this
season I feel it my duty to tell about .it for the benefit
of those who hesitate to try this crop. After studying
the question for four or five years, I came to the fol¬
lowing conclusion: First, sow without a nurse crop;
second, sow at same time you would oats in the Spring;
third, use plenty of seed. 1 tried it on land that I was
not acquainted with, but consider that I have a sure
thing of it now. I sowed about one-half acre April 20,
using 20 pounds of seed that tested 85 per cent fertile ;
cut the first time June 20 and cut again August 15, and
to-day, August 19, the ground is green as can be again.
This ground slopes slightly to east and north ; had been
used for garden truck, was as weedy as land could be,
and was rather wet. We have had a very wet season,
but no water stood on it. It has had a fierce fight, but
has seemed to have the best of the game from the start,
having had a good color and growing fast. Tt was be¬
ginning to blossom at second cutting. August 17 I put
the first fertilizer on it as follows: 200 pounds wood
ashes, unleached; 180 pounds 2-8-10 commercial fertil¬
izer. Will report results of this application later.
Monroe Co., N. Y. o. j. b,

1905.

663

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.;

rc he . died, costing , : *
per ounce. No one "■
elf. I procured the;,; / |
iwers were so large- ;

y„ 1 i

latipg; that all whOf •- - •
)hr tit at time ©n-’tj- ■ . ,
1 the different’ vari-<'--t‘^

I ►

1- the ! finest, exco-pf-; .'-^
’aris' pansy. prifsi-ep -. {

tw it showai inoe • *’
ounce, too. 'v.v.g,

e to he foul’d "in d

THE GARDEN PANSY.

The wild pansy commonly found in cultivated ground
of the many districts in southern France is generally
considered indigenous to that region. The cultivated
pansy of our garden is derived from this wildling,
which in its educated form is the result of extreme
care in cultivation and persistent seed selection. Quite
independently of the remarkable increase in size of
the flowers, the pansy is interesting for its extraordi- •
nary range of colors, which embraces the entire gamut
with the exception, of the bright red and pure blue.
At the same time there are ' shades and tints which.,
closely approach the two cc£k>rs: The.. coloring; in Sortie
pansies is mixed in a bizarre ‘inannety \vih*k(
others are almost pure seif white* yellow, jviole.t£<fc«#i
violet, blue violet, and' an. almost black violet.
The pansy is a hardy little subject and may ’be -grown
without difficulty in the open air, but at thi-ijanio time'-
it docs not acquire its TttHy-ldepth of beauty tilftesS
grown in ground enriched with weTt- decomposed ma¬
nures. Propagation is . by seed, :but cuttings o?f’~-4h.e.
more choice varieties arc taken for strictly true’' In¬
crease. The man who has done most for the present-"
day pansy is the late Monsieur Bugnot, of Saint-Brieuc,
France. lie is dead and his pansies with him, too.
They were so expensive, even before lie
five francs for one gramme, or $30 per on
could raise them as well as he himself. I
seeds the first time in 1882. The flowers
and the coloring so new and faspiiiati
saw thenr'admired the strain. From
have tested one time and another all
cties that 1 could procure, and found- the
itig the Bugnot, the large spotted Paris'
a grande macules, but I never . saw it
that time. The seeds cost $30 per

The largest pansy collections are to
England, the climate there being more
plants than any other country. Plants ate
propagated by cuttings, and the trade catalogues
English offer about 250 varieties, but though
is

blossoms; it would spoil them; in fact, never. water any
blossoms. If the plants are to be raised for cut flowers
they should be covered at night as soon as it commences
to freeze by mats, etc. They can be grown also in.

.in tire beds by themselves ; be careml not to mix them
with' the common ones. Do not put too many yellow
if you . want good colors', because all the seed will re¬
turn to that color if neglected. Why do not the Amer¬
ican people raise their own pansy seeds? They grow
very easily. When the pocl is brown and the seed
black they are ready to pick. Children with very little
training can do 'that, also women and aged people. The
United States Government gives away 50 pounds or
more every year, and they advertise for German pansy
seed. This can be grown in the United States. Three
years ago I advertised for pansy growers, and I had
no reply. If the seed was produced at home it would
save the taxpayer several thousand dollars Uncle Sam
woulcl necd to pay for foreign seeds; the money would
stay right -here and not go to Germany. Try your
luck ; but there- is' not such a thing as luck in growing
seeds; plenty of hard work, and common sense, too,
and you will succeed.- c henri beaulieu.

Long Island.

. i

CARMINE-RED. MUCH
Rurai-isVns; •Pa'pce GGG. - ‘

is not above 50

A DISCUSSION OF WIRE FENCING.

We believe with yourself that the question of gal¬
vanizing for wire is. a serious one, and it is one which
we, as , manufacturers, fight continually. Suck tests as
we have made from time to time have shown the wire
we get to average fairly well, but it is almost .impossi¬
ble to secure anything like absolute uniformity. We
have supplied quite a tqnnage of. fencing to a large
railroad company, and- their original specification for
galvanizing reads as follows: “All galvanizing shall
consist of an even coating of zinc, which shall with- ,
stand an immersion test in a solution, whose specific
gravity 'Shall be 1.185 and whose temoerature shall be
front GO to 70 deg. Fahrenheit, of commercial, sulphate
of copper crystals and water. After each immersion the
sample shall' be washed immediately, in water and be

plant to-day that- it is

poorest as well 'as the' wiped dry. If .the zinc is removed or a copper-colored
"pi a fits 'for market make ' deposit is formed after the fourth immersion, that lot .
ng 'in : this neighborhood. • of material must be rejected.” It seemed to be almost .
peculiarly favorable for the plants and flowers, - The sale commences about Easter -and keeps up to Dec- impossible to get wire that would with any uniformity .

does not produce much seed. The
growing of the seeds is an industry
reserved to France; the best pansy
seed for commercial purposes comes
from Anjou, or the garden of
France. They don’t grow pansies
under glass at all in that region,
the climate is so moderate. The
Mme. Perret, introduced by myself
in 1897, comes from that region ;
it was exhibited at the Pan-Ameri¬
can, and received a gold medal.

Monsieur and Madame Perret are
dead, and I am afraid that their
pansies will die with them;- 1 hope
not.- The seeds were always dear,
and the cheap ones, which sold at
less than $5 per ounce, did not
come from his place. As a cut
flower it is the finest one that I
ever saw. This strain should be
sown late and grown under glass as
little as possible. It is a very,
strong grower, and if treated as
other kinds it will be useless. It
is time enough to sow it in Septem¬
ber in this latitude. The finest
strains of pansies do not germinate
so well as the common kind and
want more care; they produce lit¬
tle seed, too. The best strains of
pansy up to date are, of the giant kind: Genuine Tri-
mardeau, all colors; Parisian, Goliath, Germania, C'ne-
rubin, Falaise, Peacock. Bugnot, King of Fire, La Bril-
lante, Excelsior, Mme. Perret, Cassier, Adonis, Coquette
de Poissy, Legion d’Honneur, etc. In smaller flower,
the French pansy, the English, Mdlle. Cecile Davy,
Marguerite Davy, Emperor William, Candidissima,
King of the Blacks, Faust, Prince Bismarck, etc.

To sow the seeds it has been a good practice to pre¬
pare the soil at least two weeks before sowing the
seeds. Give the weeds the chance to sprout, then rake
them off and sow your seeds. In this latitude the seeds
are sown for market from July 15 to September 1.
The bed should not be too rich, and the seed not much
covered, as the seeds are small. Pure sand or fine
coal ashes are a good covering. Keep the soil moist;
it can be shaded with cheesecloth, which can be taken
off at night for the plant to have the benefit of the
dew. The seed will germinate in about a week or 10
days. After the plants are started there is nothing to
do except to water and weed them ; leave them in the
bed for about two months; then transplant into frames,
and there protect from frost by glazed hotbed sash. The
ground is never too rich where the plants are to re¬
main ; well-rotted manure with liquid in the Spring is
what they like. Be careful and do not water the

NICOTIAN A SANDERAE ON RURAL GROUNDS. Fig. 282. See Ruralisms, Page 666.

oration Day, but the bulk of the business is done from
the middle of April to the middle of May. Those
who have done the most for the pansy plant in New
York are the peddlers with their wagons, who offer
them to every one where the florists wouldn’t go, at
the slums as well as at the largest mansion. A man
must have some grit, to do such a trade, be up nearly
all night, and get to work nearly all day; sometimes
the profit is small, too, on account of the competition.
The pansy plants are packed in flats, 50 plants in a
lot ; also in smaller boxes, about a dozen in a box or
small basket. The growers make boxes in Winter,
sometimes in daytime or other times in evening till 10
o’clock or more; it takes several thousand boxes to
pack up 3,000 sash 6 x 3, or 4 acres of ground or more,
as the leading pansy grower here does. The basket
are bought readymade ; it is cheaper than flats or
boxes, but people like boxes the best, as the plants
stand better.

Pansies can be sown in January and later, and even
in the Spring outdoors, but the flowers are not so
good as the Summer-sown seed. If you want flowers
all Summer do not let them go to seed; pinch the
blossoms as soon as they are faded away, and cut the
branches out when they get toArlpng. If you want to
raise seeds in the Spring choose the finest, plant them

fulfill this very stringent • speci-.,
fication. We were, therefore, suc¬
cessful . in getting .the specifica-
tion amended so that the railway
people would accept :a test provid¬
ing 'for two one-minute immersions,
washed immediately arid wiped dry
after each. The specification as
first drawn would be amply suffi-;
dent to cover telegraph wire, the *
exposure of which is a more seri¬
ous matter than that to which fence
wire is subjected, for the reason
that it is carried on the poles at
a height where the smoke and i
fumes from the engines give it al¬
most a constant bath that is hard to
withstand, while the fence wire,
being lower and nearer to the
ground, does not get as much of
this trying treatment, and we were
therefore reasonable in asking that
the test be modified and got do'Wn
to the two one-minute immersions.
We should say that it would be only ■
by some such practical test that the
purchaser could determine just what
he was getting. As a matter of the
lead and spelter combination, I
would state that in the process of
galvanizing it is usually custo-
bottom of the galvanizing pan
the spelter will float on top
thinner the body of spelter the
less dross accumulates. So long as the wire does not
get down into the lead or the pan be too thoroughly
filled with lead, it does not hurt the wire to be drawn
through the spelter lying on top of the lead load at the
bottom of the pan. lamb wire fence co.

mary to fill the
with lead and
of this, and the

LIGHTNING RODS. — I am a fruit grower, and aside from
that I have been constructing lightning conductors for four
years. I have always made it a point to use best material,
and to construct very carefully. I use five-sixteenths inch
copper cable, 28 strand ; also five- sixteenths 49-strand,
and three-eighths 28-strand copper cable. I use screw
fastenings with hollow glass insulators. My braces are
insulated, the cable stretched and fastened. It is perfectly
insulated from start to finish, and is not allowed to" come
in contact with anything about the building. Another im¬
portant point is being well grounded: if rock. I drill, for
points I use the crown points (copper), platina tip. I no¬
tice some nail or tack to the building. There were some
fakers through here about five years ago who fastened with
a small metal fastening. Since that time there have been a
number of the buildings damaged. This alone should be proof
enough. Not one that I rodded has ever been hurt, although
there are quite a number where the rods have carried the
current off. In fastening with any metal fastening the in¬
stant the rod is charged, the metal fastening is charged,
consequently it wili not carry off a heavy discharge, but Is
much easier and cheaper constructed than if insulated. The
five-sixteenths 28-strand should be completed and ornament¬
ed for 20 cents per foot : the other two I mention for _3
cents per foot. G- w- K-'

Pennsylvania.

664

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 9,

FARMERS’ CLUB

T Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Tut questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

APPLE BUTTER MAKING.

The cut on first page is a familiar
scene in sections where apple butter is
popular. This product at its best is a
combination of apple, “trimmin’s” and
skilled labor, well worthy of the prom¬
inent place it has three times a day on the
tables of the apple butter belt. The
family lined up in the picture live on a
farm in Maryland. This is one of the
prize photographs sent in for last year’s
competition. * _

Hard Wood fishes.

I sop that Canadian hard-wood ashes are
an article of commerce. By what process is
the wood reduced? In western North Caro¬
lina a great deal of hard wood goes to waste,
hence the answer to this question will be
of much value. s. m. d.

Banner Elk, N. C.

A ns. — A large share of these ashes are
supposed to be collected by tin peddlers
who go about among country places sell¬
ing tin or woodenware in exchange for
ashes or bones. Such ashes are usually
taken from stoves or fireplaces where
wood is used for fuel. In other cases
large fires are built of stumps and logs in
clearing land. The bottoms of such fires
are scraped up and sold. In this way some
sand is mixed with the ashes. There is
always a commercial value for wood ashes
where they can be cheaply hauled to the
railroad. Even in some parts of Kansas
we are told that ashes from burning corn¬
cobs are being collected and sold.

Fruits tor Mississippi.

IP. O. Columbus, Miss. — 'Name Hie

best grapes for this section that will ripen
after (lie Concord, quality first. Will the
yellow or golden raspberry do as well here
as the Gregg cfoes. What are the best straw¬
berries for us, early, medium and late; size
first? Land is sandy with clay foundation.

Ans. — There are not many good grapes
later than Concord suitable for Southern
planting. Most of the desirable kinds are
quite early. We would recommend Isa¬
bella and Wilder (Roger’s No. 4), black;
Lindlcy and Catawba, red ; Moore's Dia¬
mond and Pocklington, white. None is
very much later than Concord. Write to
Prof. T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas, for
some of his late-ripening Southern hy¬
brids. Tbe yellow raspberries are sports
from tbe native and foreign red raspber¬
ries and do not thrive as well in the
South as the blackcaps. The best straw¬
berries are hard to specify. Early, Mich¬
el’s early; medium; William Belt, Presi¬
dent, Late; Gandy, Hunn.

Building a Fish Pond.

E. O. T., Eaple Grove , Iovou— Just cast of
our dwelling house is a ravine of steep wood¬
ed banks ; creek is fed by springs and tiled
land, flow of water averages about four inches
now. We have talked of constructing a dam
to form a fish pond', and stocking it. What
is the best plan of building a dam. and of
obtaining fish, and what care is needed after¬
wards? We are looking to our own pleasure
iu fish ealing, not particularly to the income.
We thought six feet depth of water sufficient;
it isn’t necessary to guard against overflow
or washing out.

Ans. — The conditions here seem most
favorable for making a fish pond. With
high banks on either side and with a
good supply of water without trouble
from overflows or washouts it ought to
be an easy matter to construct a dam to
impound the water. Under the circum¬
stances I should think that a dam of
earth would be best and cheapest. Its
sides should slope at an angle of 45 de¬
grees ; that is to say, where the dam is
required to be six feet high the base of
the dam should be started a little over
12 feet wide, allowing for a footwalk
along the top of the finished embankment.
The bulk of the earth can be obtained
from the bottom of the proposed pond
site, thus increasing the depth of the

water. It will be found desirable to have
some means of drawing off the water.
For this purpose a one-foot sewer pipe
or a sluice made of planks should be laid
at the bottom of the dam and the earth
well rammed around it. It should be filled
at tbe up-stream end with a screen and a
gate. If evaporation and seepage does
not keep down the level, some means
should be devised for taking off the sur¬
plus water without its doing injury to the
dam. A pipe near the top of the dam or
a spillway made of boards will accom¬
plish this end. As regards the securing
of fish and their care, I can give no prac¬
tical information. In some States there
are fish and game wardens, and to such
individuals you should apply if there are
any in your State. An inquiry directed to
your Representative in the Legislature
would, no doubt, bring you this informa¬
tion. GRANT DAVIS.

Transplanting Bearing Trees.

I have an orchard five to six years old.
Some of these trees have come into hearing
this year, and I would like to transplant a
few of them into another garden near the
house, as they are too far away from the
house at present, and I intend to sell this lot.
Would I have to sacrifice the fruit-buds for
next year by transplanting them? As some
of them are infested with San Jos6 scale,
could I before replanting them fumigate
them as the nurseries do before sending them
out? What would I have to use to fumigate
with ? E. H.

Englewood, N. J.

Ans. — The trees mcnrioned could be
transplanted safely if great care is used,
but the shock to them would cause nearly
all the fruit that may set either to drop
off or fail to grow to normal size. I
would prefer that the trees have all the
fruit that sets pulled off next year, so as
to allow the trees to grow and become
well established. San Jose scale can be
killed by fumigation, but I would think it
unwise to transplant trees that were
known to be infested with this pest. In
any case, before attempting to fumigate
trees my advicee would be to explain the
whole situation to the entomologist of the
State Experiment Station at New Bruns¬
wick, N. J., and follow the direction that
will be given. H. e. van deman.

New Jersey Notes. — The past Summer has
been very bad for milk producers in this sec¬
tion. Pasture lias been very poor, owing to
drought prevailing since early Spring. There
have been good rains lately, and grass is
starting up again. Cows have been below our
average in milk flow as compared with last
year. The price of milk has been about the
same as last year. The majority of milk
produced in this section is shipped! to Perth
Amboy at an average price of three cents per
quart for the year. Cows are selling at .$45
to $55 with calves. Feed, wheat bran in car
lots, $10; corn, $1.25 per hundred; brewers’
grains, 22% to 25 cents per hundred. Hay
was about one-lialf crop ; wheat and oats,
three-quarter crop ; corn promises to be fairly
good. In the past two years there have been
built in our section five silos which have
given good satisfaction and are the dairy¬
man’s best friend in the production of milk.

Lebanon. N. J. w. a.

DANSY M me. Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
* White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for florists
and market gardeners. BEAULIEU, Woodliaven, N.Y.

D C A I C— Crimson Clover Seed,
■ » Ei $5.50 per bushel: Cow

Peas. $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

FOR Q A| C-RED SEED WHEAT, HARVEST
lUn uHLL KING; immense yielder, $1 per bush.
Also, SHEPHERD PUPPIES, males, $4.00; females,
$2.00. Good ones. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y,

gffiS&S MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER RYE

heavy yield of Grain, and fine Straw for baling.
E. L. CLARKSON, TIVOLI, NEW YORK.
Send for circular, with photograph of Rye.

CHOICE SEED RYE,

Our SEED RYE is grown on sandy soil and produces
heavy crops when sown on loam. 85 cents per bushel.
Sample on application.

KIGG

EDWARD

•Jr., Burlington, N, J.

BEFORE QCCn U/UFAT write me for prices,
BUYING OLLU iillLMI stating how much you
will use. Booklet free. Samples for stamp. Four hardy
and prolific varieties. Clean and graded. Moderate
prices. A,H. Hoffman. Bamford, Lancaster Co., Pa.

FOR SALE.— Thirty bushels Winter Wheat. Will
sell in small lots; $2 per bushel. Apply OASIS
FARM, Harrison, N. Y. Charles Furtlimann, Prop.

MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER RYE.

Heavy yielder and large straw ; clean and 'graded.
Price, $1 per bushel. Bags free.

PETER D. HULST, Billings. Dutchess County, N.Y,

PAGE

CAT¬

ALOG

OFF

Hafir

We have been a Mail Order
House for 90 Years.

Our Catalogue Saves Your Money.
20,000 Money Saving Bargains.

DEALERS IN RELIABLE
MERCHANDISE ONLY.

We are located in the com¬
mercial center of A merica,
where we can buy and sell
to better advantage, and
where freight and express
’ rates are lower than any
other city in the country.

FAMILY

FOOD CHOPPER

72c.

Capacity 2 lbs. a
minute. Weight,
4q lbs. each. The
most useful
household inven¬
tion known. Will
chop raw
or cooked
meat, ve¬
getal) 1 e s
of all kinds, fruit, nuts, bread, eggs
aud any other food. Runs easily
and chops coarse or fine in uniform
pieces without tearing. Handsom¬
ely tinned. Best steel cutters. Self
cleaning and self sharpening. If
not all you are led to expect you
may return it at our expense and we
will send your money back at once.

White, Van Glahn&Co,,

No. 15 Chatham Sq„ N. Y. City.

Established 1816.

OlDiSTMM 0MER
HOUSE /H RMER/CA

s

EED WHEA

T

Fultzo Mediterranean, Fulcaster, Dietz
and Jones’ Longberry, Also Mammoth
White Winter Rye. Write for prices and our new
circular NOW.

HOLMES SEED CO., Harrisburg;, I’enn

Jones Wheats Lead

New Wheat Mammoth Amber Giant of the Wheat
Field. Wheat that will lead in all sections when
known. Also Silver Sheaf Longberry Red. Send
for description to

JONES THE WHEAT GROWER Le Roy, N. Y.

Mammoth Winter Seed Rye,

$1.00 per bushel; 15 bushels. 90 cents per bushel.

IRA H. HASB^OU CK , Box 987, Kingston, N. Y.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well a's all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hights town, N. J.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN. .

PURE

GRASS SEED.

Mr. GEORGE M. CLARK, the Grass
King, in his booklet on Hay Crops, refers
to us as furnishing PURE SEED. On
thanking him for the reference, he replies:

“ I have found, by careful test, that
your seed is pure, and I am only too glad
to recommend it to my friends.”

We Handle Only the

VERY HIGHEST GRADES

Both as to Purity and Germination.

We carry a full line of all cultivated
and natural foreign and domestic sorts.

Write us, stating kinds and quantities
wanted, and we shall quote prices.

Farmers are invited to consult us as to
mixtures for permanent meadows and
pastures. Our long experience enables us
to recommend the species most suitable
for any soil and situation.

We have been over 1 00 years in business
in New York. Catalogues free.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

36 Cortlandt Street, New York.

Harrison’s

Fruit Trees

Plant select stock, your reward
will come. Nothing that’s only
ordinary ever goes out from
Harrison’s.

We Want the Trade of People
Who Want the Best*

We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes
and Strawberries — over 1,000
acres. It pays to get acquaint¬
ed with Harrison trees. 1905
^catalog goes free wherever in¬
vited.

HARRISON’S NURSERIES,
Box 29, — Berlin, Md.

C A quarts of Strawberries 1906 from 100 Plants.

Try it. Plant in September. $1 per 100 Plants,
List Free. KEVITT’S PLANT FARM. Athenia, N.J.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A DDT T7 C
have paid well this season. We C\i I LLu
have a fine stock of both ; also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N. J.

CHOICEST FRUIT

and Ornamental Trees, Rlirubs, Rose*,
Plant* and Rulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to

Surch.nsers of Fruit and Ornnmental Trees.

io. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other
Bulbs, Hardy Plants and Vines. Roses,
Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in
general. Try us. Will give you a square deal and
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
62 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

BOX 13, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

■ ii ■ ii i — — —

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y,

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
r button to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

HAIRY VETCH.

Bushel, 60 pounds, $6 ;
Two bushels, $10.

ROGERS ON THE HILL,

DANSVILLE, N. Y.

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

20 000 York Imperial and 06 other leading varieties of apples, ^embracing over 200,000 trees bred to

Grape
lowest.

write us before placing your order.

Catalogue and price list mailed on request.

the

to

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO.,

Confluence, Penn.

TREES

$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID pPP,le' P?al\£hu!1' Cherry, Peach and Carolina

! ’ , . , , Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.

All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva N Y.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE will save you money.

Free from Scale, New and ClinlceVarictic^

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries

MYER <& SON, Rridgeville, Del.

BEST APPLES IN THE WORLD

cannot afford to
miss our new

who are working for
the production of the

TREE BREEDER (Free). It will be of no interest to those who seek novelties, long lists of varieties nr the
cheapest” trees. We offer you “SPECIAL SERVICE”- personal attention and safety
PEE BREEDERS. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y,

A l

REEDERS.

RULBS

for the lawn and
pleasure ground.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, <fcc-
Oub New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. It tells
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds and
plants, Including our celebrated grass mixtures

FOR FALL
PLANTING

HENRY A . DREER, Philadelphia, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

665

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Alteration in Line Fence.

I bought a farm from my mother-in-law ;
she bought it at a sale, and when she
bought it the fence was on the line. About
10 years ago my brother-in-law asked me to
let him move the line fence. I let him move
it, and he took out the corner stone. I put
another stone down in same spot. Now his
son lives on the place, and he wants to hold
that piece of land. lie fenced that piece of
land in, and took out the cornerstone. He
moved up to the road, 30 feet wide and 100
long. R.

Pennsylvania.

You should remove the fence from the
road back to its original position, replacing
the corner stone. We do not understand
that the permission given to your brother-
in-law 10 years ago to move the fence con¬
ferred upon him any right to the land in
question. If the son forcibly opposes res¬
toration of the fence to its old line, you
would better consult a lawyer and bring
the matter into court.

Another Fence Question.

We are having a dispute with a neighbor
over a line fence. We claim the line in
question is straight its entire length. He
claims its direction changes after crossing
the highway. Accordingly lie has built a
barb wire fence on -his division of the line,
using trees growing on our side of the fence,
as we claim, to fasten the wires on, and
worst of all, placing them on the side toward
us, so that really he has taken our land
and our trees. To do this he had to get over
on our side to cut bushes and shrubs that
were in his way. Now what can we do about
it? We would like to settle the matter as
inexpensively as possible. Cannot the fence
viewers act in a case like this? If so, would
their decision stand in law? In order to sub¬
mit the case to them, what course shall we
take? Can they (the fence-viewers) act
though the neighbor is opposed to sub¬
mitting the matter to them. In case
he is stubborn and opposes all peaceful means
of settlement, what course can we take? We
do not like to leave the matter unsettled.
Sometime it may cause much trouble.

New York. w. p. h.

Fence viewers have no authority to de-

Raisin g Orchard Ground Level.

A. K., Belleville, III. — I have several lots
which I set out in fruit, mostly peach and
cherry. A few were set out last Spring, the
rest a year earlier. They have grown very
fast. I now intend to fill the lots up about
two feet with ground. What effect will this
have on the trees? I also set out some
grapes last Spring. How will they be affect¬
ed? Would you advise digging up the grapes
and younger trees during the coming dormant
season, and raising them nearer to the sur¬
face?

Ans. — It would seriously hinder the
growth of the trees and grapevines, if it 1
would not kill them outright, to bury
their roots two feet deeper than they nat¬
urally grow. The grapevines would be
the last to succumb and might finally out¬
grow the difficulty; for they would prob¬
ably soon form roots near the surface of
the ground. My advice would be to wait
until the leaves drop next Fall, and then
tip up the trees and raise them to the
proper depth on the new grade. Good
soil should be put about the roots, or
there will be serious checking of the
growth of the trees and vines, in case the
grading is done with subsoil. H. e. v. d.

Cultivation for Peaches. — I am aston¬
ished at the size of my peaches after such a
drought; I never grew better fruit: so far it
has been very handsome. Cultivation did it.

I never before gave my bearing trees quite
so good care; now I am gathering in the
shekels as the result of it. I have the San
Jos6 scale under control. T.lme, sulphur and
salt did it, and will do it every time with the
right man behind the gun. w. H. skii.lman.

New Jersey

Killing Canada Thistles. — If anyone has
mastered a patch of Canada thistles I would
like to know his experience. I see consider¬
able theory and directions about how to be
rid of them, but I do not hear anyone say
they have done it. I have a small patch that
I would like to be rid of. The ground is
now in corn and' 1 intend to keep it so until
they are disposed of unless something else is
better . I have dug them all out with a fork
twice and shall dig them again next week.

G. B. D.

termiue a dispute as to a proper location
of a boundary line. Whether the line in
question should run straight in its entire
length, or changes its direction after cross¬
ing the highway as claimed by the neigh¬
bor is a matter to be determined by the
title deeds of the two properties. It is
a question for a court to determine. It
is only after the location of the line is de¬
termined that the fence viewers have jur¬
isdiction to determine the portion of the
fence to be maintained by each owner.
If W. P. H. is right in his claim that the
line should run straight, and that the
trees in question stand upon his land, then
his neighbor has unlawfully taken pos¬
session of property belonging to W. P.
H. The latter can protect himself by re¬
placing the fence on its proper line, if this
can be done without a breach of the
peace ; otherwise he should bring an action
in ejectment against his neighbor to re¬
cover the land and trees so appropriated.
Probably if W. P. H. should proceed res¬
olutely to restore the fence to its proper
position, which is the most inexpensive
way for him, that would be the end of
the matter.

Rebuilding a Fence.

An old fence has been built over with
post and rails ; the old' fence was partly
stone, but has tumbled down, spread out,
and become a propagating ground for Ivy,
bittersweet, wild cherries and other trash,
and makes it difficult if not impossible to
subdue. The adjoining owner wishes this
cleaned away. What is his right and remedy?

Connecticut. h, p. m.

If the posts and rails furnish a sufficient
fence, then the stones of which the old
fence was made are only an encumbrance
upon the land. The owner of the land
upon they lie may therefore remove these
stones and clean his land up to the post
and rail fence. If any of the stones are
necessary for the fence they should be
relaid, and the land can then be cleared
of brush and rubbish up to the fence as
relaid.

Aunt Jane: “This is the dear doggie
that I wanted to show you, Carrie. She’s
the sweetest creature. To see her with
her puppies is to witness the perfection of
motherhood.” Carrie : “How sweet !
Where are the puppies?” Small Boy:
“She’s eat ’em all, Miss !” — Punch.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

piiRTI LIZEK LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
‘ Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES. p&Xs

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR •

FARMERS' LINES

bo simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

BALES 1S?DN£HAY

Bale Hay

Gem and Victor Presses. Easy to operate. Easy to buy.
38 years — 18 patents; big feed opening; greatest power.
To get the book of facts and letters from many users just
say Hay Press to GEO. EIITEL CO., Quincy, 111.

Plow the Hard Spots wfth

Chase’s Patent
Plow Attachment

You can quickly and easily adjust your plow for any
condition of soil without stopping the team. Manu¬
factured by ALONZO CHASE. Palmyra, N. Y.

Liberal Commission to Agents. Send for Circulars.

kfor this Tilting
' Table Wood Saw.

Saws any kind of wood.
rThe frame is made of the
I very toughestscasoned oak, shaft of
cold rolled steel, set in extra long
boxes carefully babbitted, all casting
and wrought iron parts extra heavy.
Inaddition totheregular bracing w»
ihavo added aheavy castiron brace,
tieing the four upright timbers to¬
gether. This is a feature not used on
any other machine. It adds strength and with this construction
THE FRAME IS SOLID AND STEADY, balance wheel is
heavy, weight of machine is 300 lbs. Made to drop wood to
right or left. Wa guarantee this machine to be the strongest
and best saw frame made and ifyou don’t find it equal to ma¬
chines retailed for $20.00 to $25.00 and all we claim for it, re¬
turn at our expense. Price E4 In. saw, SB. 20; 20 In.,
96.00; 28 In, #8.80; 30 In., 87.60. Don’t buy a saw of
any kind until you get our new Implement catalog. It
tells all about speeding saws and gives all kinds ol In¬
formation. It's the moat oomplote book on Implements
aver printed, AIIT this ad out and send It to us and
VU I wo will mall the oatalogugFREE.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

The name Keen Kutter
eliminates all uncertainty in tool buying.

As this brand covers a complete line of tools, all you need remem.
ber in buying a tool of any kind is the one name Keen Kutter*
KeenKutter Tools are without reserve or qualification the
belt tools that money, brains and skill can produce. No
matter how much you pay, no matter who you may
have thought to be the best maker of a particular kind
of tool, you cannot get any tool, anywhere, better
than those sold under the name of Keen Kutter.

If your dealer doesn’t keep Keen Kutter tool*
write us and learn where to get them*

Km KimtR

Tools received the Grand Prize at the St. Louis Exposition— the only such award.ever given a complete

line of tools.

, Some kinds of Keen Kutter T ools
Chisels, Knlvesot all kinds,

Hair Clippers, Scissors,

Shears, Adzes, Axes,

Brush Hooks, Chop¬
pers, Corn Knives,

Cleavers. Hay
Knives, Scythes,

Bam, H one
Shears, Tool
Cabinets,

Etc.

"The

Recollection
oi Quality
Remains Long
After the
Price is
Forgotten .”

Trade Mark Registered,

Rend for Tool Booklet.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY

St. Louis, Ho. 298 Broadway, N. T.

llifit ■ »* _ _ ■ __ in a few words, you gam this by

W nil liain Tubular: (1). One-quarter to one-half more
I WW mnmMmi u ■ ■ ■ cream, because Tubulars skim by centrifugal

i\ force, which is thousands of times stronger than the force of gravity that makes cream
rise in pans. (2). One-half to twice as much for butter, because Tubulars remove dirt
and bacteria, thus making gilt-edge butter possible. (3). Half the work saved, because
you finish skimming five minutes after milk¬
ing, feed warm skimmed milk at barn, and
have only the can of cream to care for. Write
today for catalog W-153. It tells all plainly.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WESTCHESTER, PA.

T0R0HT0, CAH. CHICAGO, ILL.

e

&

FEED Sr Limm

0

Tf/MZmffA9s.

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. For infor¬
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

.*10

* M _

HERE’S A PAROID ROOF,

"The Roof That Lasts.”

The Monmouth Poultry Farm, Freneau, N. J., one of the largest in the
country, sends a photograph (see above) showing their Paroid roofs. They
like it and so do thousands of poultrymen, the large ones and the small ones,
because they found that for roofiug and siding, nothing in the world equals

PAROID ROOFING.

Economical, durable, extra strong, light slate color — contains no tar — does
not run nor crack — does not taint rain water. Any one can lay it. Keeps
buildings of all kinds warm and dry; spark, water, heat, cold, acid and gas
proof, in short it’s just the roof you’re looking for. Now, don’t be put off
with a poor imitation, but

fnr Fppo Qatnnloc and name of nearest dealer. Investigate its
4 1 merits for yourself. For a i cent stamp we’ll

send r.cw book of complete plans for poultry and farm buildings.

F. W. BIRD & SON, Makers.

Originators of the free Roofing Kit— fixtures for applying ia every roll.

Ea.tWalpole. Mass., Established 1817. Chicago, Illinois.

yC ./ .

.’■i

666

September 9,

Ifrf early -days of the develppmeht'of -ibe
: tev^r-j)'opular JP-etun.ia. "T-he • ;’;Common-
'f ^ar^fervgroiving-,' white-flowered /Brazilian
■ specie^, P< Nyetaginiflar^ .Had Jkjen- culti¬
vated "for ,seyi*ral years previous- to 1830, .

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS when the more delicate P. y.iolacca was |

The New Cr.mson-Fi..„vE,«„ ‘Tobacco. -4uM-.kJ,h',,I Arr«hii.ia. *60

seed

derae, sent out by the well-kft'Qhvji
of Sander & Sons, St:' Albatj^^^^S tS$$S4 ami ; strij^ sealing*

and Ghent, Belgium. Thousands of pack- % ^ m^ini.ccnt var.Hn-,

. So Avictely. ]grown the present day. Most

hybrids between -species of Nicotiana. are
steriie, forming no seeds, and must be
propagated by cuttings or root divisions,
so that further progress in breeding is
barred, but if N. Sandera; imparts its seed¬
bearing qualities to its further crosses we
may expect great advances. At any rate,
continued selection of the best types and
colors, even without further crossing, will
be interesting, but a form able to endure
hot sunshine without closing or drooping
is much desired.

TUB RURAL NEW-YORK-BR-: • ;..w ' '

* - - ' ' ' ■" ... v -V .V - '

. • t , f

'.v '/■ - j ^ ; -t;-, v • ' -v *

js jnuch siniiiarity in its present oats and barley are

deix;b dbnt On PoTasi I tor proper

i i • r A : 2c:S 7 Tc;!) 7c 1 1

ets of seed at the retail price of 25
each were sown and the plants are now'
blooming in almost every hamlet in the
land. The result is not an unmixed de¬
light. Nicotiana Sandera; is a gay and
showy plant when the blooms are fully
expanded morning and evening, but dur¬
ing bright sunlight, and to a less extent
on cloudy days they droop and close, mak¬
ing a weedy and shriveled appearance.
Fig. 281, page GG3, reduced from a draw¬
ing, gives a very good idea of the form
and aspect of the open flowers. The color
is usually bright carmine-red, but there are
endless variations, ranging from light rose
to purple. Many plants bear blossoms
rayed and flaked with white and lighter
shades on deep-red ground. A faint but
pleasant perfume is given out in the even¬
ing. The plant grows three feet high,
branching extensively from the base, and
is wonderfully free blooming, being lit¬
erally covered with the carmine flowers,
resembling miniature long-tubed single
Petunias, from early May until frost, if it
endures so long. Many of our plants
show a disposition to collapse in August
from a root or collar rot, and others are
troubled with a stem borer, causing large
branches suddenly to wilt and die. A
corner of a trial plot on the Rural Grounds
of this new ornamental tobacco containing
several hundred plants is shown in Fig.
282, page 663, giving some idea of its free¬
dom of bloom. The tall plant with the
long-tubed white flowers in center of cut
is a hybrid between Nicotiana sylvestris
and the well-known night-blooming, sweet-
scented species, N. alata or affinis.

.-Origin of Nicotiana Sanderae. — Pink
or red is not a rare color in the flowers
of the genius Nicotiana. The common
field tobaccos, N. Tabacum and N. rus-
tica, have handsome pink blooms, deepen¬
ing to red and even purple in some gar¬
den forms. Other South American spe¬
cies have also pink and rose colored flow¬
ers. Several years ago M. Forget, an or¬
chid collector in the employ of Sander
& Sons, found in Brazil a new Nicotiana
with deep crimson flowers, and forwarded
it to his firm, who grew and submitted it
to the botanical authorities. It was named
N. Forgetiana, in honor of the discoverer,
but proved too delicate in constitution and
small in bloom for general culture. By
hybridizing it with the strong-growing
N. affinis, however, the present attractive
garden form, N. Sanderae was obtained.
Other crosses have since been made with
the lusty and upright N. sylvestris, and
new varieties, running in color from pure
white to intense crimson and even blue,
have been obtained, but are not yet dis¬
tributed. N. Sanderae makes a fine and
longrblooming pot plant and should be
extremely useful for conservatories and
window gardens. Its habit of closing dur¬
ing sunshine renders it of little value for
bedding, but it will find a place in mixed
border and garden plantings. It comes
fairly true from seeds, which are not very
plentifully produced in this country, as
night-flying moths do not appear to pop
linate it very ^successfully, and our bees
take a short cut to the nectar by piercing
the corolla at the base instead of forcing
their way down the tube and thus distrib¬
uting the pollen. If the new varieties are
better able to withstand our bright sun
there is little doubt of their prospective
value.

Quite Like the Petunia. — The desira¬
bility of Nicotiana Sanderae for garden
decoration is not yet established, but there

Girdling Grape Vines. — I do not think it
is practiced very much now, since grapes got
so low an3 the markets were supplied with
grapes from the South early in the season.
The object was to hasten coloring of the fruit
before the natural time, and get it to market
before the general crop was ready. It is done
by taking a ring of bark one-fourth inch wide
from the arm of the vine bearing fruit, not
all the arms, but only a portion, as tills would
destroy the vine. It weakens the vine in pro¬
portion to the amount girdled. The quality
is poor, as such grapes are not ripened, only
colored. If allowed to remain on the vine
the natural length of time they will ripen,
but as the object is to forestall the market
they are cut and sold as soon as colored. It
is an outrage upon the consumer, as they are
not fit to eat: the buyer is disgusted, the
price is lowered, and the consumption of good
grapes lessened by the practice.

WALTER F. TABER.

Saving Seed. — -Mr Ilulsart’s paper (page
535) is timely. My experience is that farm¬
ers do not know much about the botany of
grasses and clovers in the first place — not as
much as they will be obliged to know in an¬
other decade; and, in the second place, that
very lack of knowledge tempts them to se¬
lect the cheaper article as distinguished from
the best. 'The point lies right here.’ There
are three members of all the leading grass
and clover families, viz : the rare, common
and mongrel, the first of which can never be
cheap. For a small saving in first cost the
farmer may thus cultivate what is more than
likely to yield the worst rather than the best
of its kind. It is for him to determine which
to buy, and, if he does not know, his ex¬
periment station stands always ready to tell
him. Until such times as professional seeds¬
men can be induced to guarantee the variety,
purity and germinating power of their seeds
I would rely on the experiment station every
time and buy on their verdict. My experi¬
ence goes back to 180!). when the permanent
pasture movement began in England, and I
well remember the steps taken to secure — ■
and the struggle to avoid giving — guarantees
by seedsmen. The efforts succeeded, and, curi¬
ously, the first result was the prompt dis¬
appearance of the “seed peddler.” With re¬
gard to garden seeds the case is different..
Here there has been a wonderful development
all along the line, and now I do not believe
it pays to grow one’s own seeds. Anyway,

I have found that by consulting the seed
grower as to what to do, under the condi¬
tions as they stood with me, I have had
uniform success in getting seeds true to
name and of high germinating power and
great vigor; and, as I am an advocate of
change of seed, better adapted to my needs
than the seeds grown by myself. This does
not apply to any one seedsman, but to many
whom I know. jas. l. waldoN.

Ohio.

R. N.-Y. — The National Department of
Agriculture will test seeds if requested to do
so.

Chestnut Shingles. — I note some dis¬
cussion of chestnut shingles in your columns
recently. I have used these quite exten ively
on my farm buildings. They are generally
considered a durable shingle, the chief ob¬
jection being their tendency to warp. This
is overcome in a great measure by quarter¬
sawing the blocks, and we take especial care
to have that done in making them. 1 have
one roof in which they have been in use
now several years, and while there is some
warping, it has thus far caused no serious
trouble. fred w. card.

Rhode Island. _

‘‘That new hired man works like a
dog.” “Indeed! Glad to hear it.” “Yes,
he chased a rat out of the barn and then
laid himself down in the sun and slept all
the afternon.” — Cleveland Plain Dealer.

nourishment to produce full, heavy
kernels of fine milling quality, and
strong stalks which do not lodge/'

A complete fertilizer, containing not
less than 6 per cent, of actual Potash,
is best for grain. A larger amount may
be frequently used with added profit.

Our books on agriculture will be sent
free to all farmers who write for them.

Address, German Kali Works, 93 Nassau Street, New York.

THE FAMOUS “HAY MAKERS”

BLACK DIAMOND

Before Seeding Down, consult us. .. <

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Spavin cured in its early stages
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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

667

Hope Farm Notes

Garden Values. — Last week I had occa¬
sion to eat a dinner at a select restaurant in
New York. There were something over 200
items on the bill of fare. Here are a few .
“milk fed chicken” $1.50 (cold at that).
Broiled chicken $1.25, new Lima heans, .50.
stuffed peppers .45, baked apples .20, young
beets .30, and so on. I did not order any of
these things hut I fell to figuring what our
supper the night before cost at this valuation.
We had bread and butter, pot cheese, Lima
heans and baked apples. There were fifteen
to be fed and they averaged two large dishes
of Lima beans and one good sized apple
apiece. According to the prices at this res¬
taurant this meant $15 for the heans and $3
for the apples — a total of $18 aside from
the other things. On that bill of fare bread
and butter were put at .25. That's what
you might call high living for a farmer! I
will guarantee that both heans and apples
were fresher and better than those served at
the public table. You see a farmer does not
know how he takes a seat among the mighty
until his garden walks through the kitchen
and jumps on the table. Then he can com¬
pare prices with the mighty and tower over
them. No use talking, a good garden is the
best part of the farm. We can step into our
garden at any time and help ourselves to the
following: sweet corn, potatoes, turnips, beets,
Lima beans, string heans, egg plant, tomatoes,
lettuce, peppers, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots
and onions! With all this and eggs, milk
and cream and 100 or more broilers waiting
for the pan we are not going to starve at
least. It does make me weary to see a farm¬
er living on potatoes and cabbage or serving
other vegetables in little dishes smaller than
the palm of your hand when such wonderful
possibilities for food are to he found right in
(he hack yard. Too much work and bother — ■

I hear some say. Well, it’s wonderful how
much nonsense you can hear if your ears are
good. Those who talk that way have never
tried it. I know of men over 70 years old
and women who have their hands full of
other duties who take care of farm gardens
and thus earn more in actual saving to the
family than any other worker on the farm.

I know some big, stout farmers who despise
a garden who would find it their best friend
and teacher if they would really get down to
it. After seeing what immense crops this
small piece of ground produces they would he
obliged to see why the crops are large —
well-fitfhd soil, heavy manuring, good seed
and thorough culture. They would begin to
ask themselves why these things will not pay
on a .larger scale and they would begin to
take better care of their fields. The germs
of good culture will jump over the garden
fence and chase a farmer all over his farm.
Their tracks will be seen in every field. A
good garden will not only put a farmer at
the millionaire's table but give him more
practical information than an agricultural
college.

Farm Notes. — -How about the Alfalfa?
We seeded it as well as we know how and
5 days later the little plants appeared “as
thick as the hair on a dog,” as one neighbor
puts it. That settles it? Well no — I have
seen a dog with a wonderful coat singed by
fire so you would hardly know he had a hair
on his body. I realize that the Alfalfa may
be singed by a dozen different things. After
I cut the third good crop next year I will
begin to talk about It — not before. In the
meantime several things can be done. I shall
clip that Alfalfa late in September and if it
doesn't grow fast enough give it a good dose
of fertilizer. The Alfalfa on the old field
gets thicker and better each time we cut it.
We are now ready for the third cutting and at
a fair estimate there is twice as much actual
Alfalfa as there was the first time we cut it.
The mowing machine seems to have acted like
a hair tonic on a bald head ! . . . Our

potato crop promises now to be a good one.
We planted late on a rye stubble — the rye
being cut for fodder. The dry weather
pinched the crop hard and I thought it was
done for hut the rain came at last and helped
out. On September 1 the vines are still
strong and green. As a rule vines are dead
here by this time. The tubers are setting
well and making good size. The crop is far
better than I thought it could be. We used
dry Bordeaux mixture on this field. I can¬
not say that this has saved the crop for
there seems to he less blight than usual in
this neighborhood. The best evidence we have
of freedom from plant disease is the condi¬
tion of bush Lima heans. Three years out
of five these beans rot so that they are un¬
profitable. This year though the vines are
heavier and thicker than we have ever
known. There is hardly a diseased pod. We
find it more or less of a gamble to raise these
bush Limas. They fruit so close to the
ground that the danger of rotting is too great.

Fruit Notes.— We have been having our
experience in handling our first small peach
crop. The fruit Is remarkably handsome —
large and dark red in color. Most of the
trees have not been cultivated since they were
planted. The flavor is excellent and the
flesh is firm. There has been some trouble
from rot but not serious. Thus far Carman
seems to do best on our soil. It grows here

to large size and with a brick red color. The
season is not the best with us as it comes
when the Delaware crop is crowding the
market. I have hopes of Chair’s Choice and
Bray’s Rareripe for our hill culture. Their
season at least suits us better. ... I
have been telling about a number of young
apple trees that were badly hurt by sun scald
last Winter. The bark in the south side of
the trunks turned brown or black. I let
most of them stand mainly to see what would
happen to them. They have dawdled along in
a feeble way making a slow growth from the
upper limbs. Nearly every one has thrown
out one or two strong branches, close to the
ground, below the scalded bark. I think it
will pay best to cut the trees back, throw¬
away the upper growth and train new tops
from this lower growth. Some of these little
trees are quite badly covered with oyster shell
hark lice. On strong, vigorous young trees
this louse does not usually need fighting. I
notice that it is getting ahead of some of
these feeble trees and we shall have to wash
or spray them. This Spring I bought a small
lot of trees with three-year-old roots and one-
year tops. They were two-year-old trees left
over in a nursery, sheared off and left to
send up a new shoot. I like a one-year old
top for starting but my idea is that an older
root is best. These trees were planted late,
well cut back and put into small holes. I
am well pieased with the growth they have
made and want more of such trees later. Old
root and young top for me. . . . Several

Wealthy apple trees three years planted are
hearing a few apples this year. The fruit is
of fair size and beautifully colored. Black
Ben Davis the fourth year of growth is also
showing apples. Thus far I am unable to
see that this variety is any particular im¬
provement over “old Ben."

House Plans. — The house comfort problem
has become a hard one at Hope Farm. These
old stone houses may have been the proper
thing years ago when people had warmer
blood and tougher constitutions but they do
not suit this generation so well. They are
damp in Summer and cold in Winter. Out¬
house is put flat on the ground with no un¬
derpinning. Drainage is poor and the cellar
is damp. Warnings that we canpot dodge
have come to us urging us to “do something'
before another Winter. We do not want to
go away from home again. Florida sunshine
is well enough but there are things about
New Jersey that beat it. We began to figure
on heating the old house and putting in a
bath room. The cost was so great that I
question the wisdom of investing so much
money in an old house. While no one likes
to think of selling the home we must after all
consider the effect of such investments upon
its selling value. Some farm houses are so
located that it would he impossible to realize
on the cost of such improvements. With our
location, near the city, such improvements
may he a wise investment aside from the
question of comfort provided they are put
into a house which appeals to buyers. After
much discussion we deckled' to leave the old
house for the Winter and refit the cottage.
We expect to build an addition Hi x 14 feet
at the side and put in water fixtures and a
heater. The water supply will come from tin-
tank in the barn while drainage will be made
Into a new cesspool. The cellar is already
dug and the masons will soon he at work on
the foundation. We supply the stone from
our old walls and haul t lie sand. This ts
a big undertaking for us in various ways.
The Winters have been hard on these windy
hills. This ought to make them more com
fortable. I am surprised to see how the cost
of doing such work lias been increased since
the cottage was built. It actually costs
nearly as much to put on this small addition
as it did to build the original cottage four
years ago. Material of all kinds seems to he
higher and labor is demanding and receiving
more.

Lime. — I have never had so many questions
about lime and its use. Here is a sample
from New Y'ork :

“Most all of our land If left in grass or
pasture for a few years becomes mossy and
as this is said to be an indication of sourness
I had thought of using lime to correct this
condition. We have a field of ten acres, 2
of it stubble, the rest sod Spring plowed, all
in corn this year. Five will be sown to
oats next spring and seeded. The rest will
be plowed this Fall, manured during the Win¬
ter and in the Spring put in again to corn.

I Intend to use some good fertilizer in hill
about 250 pounds to acre. Next sow to
oats and seed. Shall I use lime on the corn
or wait until I seed? Would rather apply
the lime in the Fall as time is none too
plenty in Spring for such work. What is
lime? Where can I obtain it and how much
shall I use?” r. s.

When land becomes moss-hacked we may
safely conclude that it is sour. This may
not be a sure test but it will do. What is

“lime?” Most of us have seen lime stone or

marble. Take the lime stone, mix it with

wood or coal In a kiln or furnace and set

fire to the fuel. As the result of this fierce
heat the lime stone crumbles — the water and
a gas known as carbonic acid being driven out
of it. What is left after this burning is
called “quick” or caustic lime. Put water
with it and the two unite with a great heat.
This is called slaking and most people have
seen it done when a mason makes mortar.
When the lime is “slaked” either by putting
water on it or leaving it exposed to the air
it falls into a fine white powder. Air-slaked
lime is quick lime that has been exposed to
the air for some time. It is much the same
as the water-slaked lime — in fact the moist
lire in the air does most of the slaking. This
air-slaked lime is used on sour land at the
rate of 1,200 pounds or more per acre. It
overcomes the acid in the soil, thus giving
most plants a better chance to grow. I feel
quite sure that most of our heavier land at
the North will he helped by liming every six
years or so. I have found by experiment this
year that my own farm is greatly in need ot
lime. It is better to use the lime on small
grains or grass when seeding. Corn does
not usually respond to it so well. In your
case I would use the lime on the oats. The
best wav to use lime is to broadcast it on the
rough furrows and harrow it well into the
soil. On such soil as you mention I would
use at least 1,600 pounds per acre. Do not,
however, nlan to make the lime take the place
of manure or fertilizer. Use it as an addition
or help hut not as a substitute. Lime is sold
all the way from $6 to $15 per ton.

H. W. C.

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Stoddard Mfg. Co., Rutland, Vt.

What a saving of time and worry; what a source of extra
profit it would be to you if you had an ever-ready, con¬
venient, economical engine to do the hundred odd jobs

about the farm . That

engine

o

I. H. C.

has arrived! It is the

Gasoline
Engine,

absolutely safe, perfectly simple and so economical in operation that you
cannot afford to be without one. Don’t think they are complicated or im¬
practical. Investigate and find out for yourself how simple, economical
and easy-to-run they are. Vertical, 2. 3, 5, H. P; Horizontal and Portable,
6, 8, 10, 12, IS, H. P. Call on the International Agent and let him show
you. Or write for catalog describing their use on the farm.

International Harvester Co. cf America, Inc., 7 Monroe St., Chicago.

668

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 9,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbsbt W. Collinowood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet,!

Mrs. K. T. Kovle, (Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. Cd., or 8 % marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must lie sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Do not give your ->pples away this year. Good fruit
is scarce and ought to bring $3 per barrel by Winter.
There is no use accepting any story about “large crops,”
for there isn’t any in sight. Do not give good apples
away.

*

Usually at about this season of the year the old lie
about farmers’ wives and insanity gets into print. Some
wise man is quoted as saying that the great majority of
women in insane hospitals come from the farm. This
foolish lie is made the foundation for an argument to
show that the “isolation” of farm life drives women
insane. We have exposed this falsehood again and
again. Last year we obtained figures from a large
number of insane hospitals. It was proved that in
proportion to population farming contributed fewer in¬
sane patients than any other occupation ; this, too, in
spite of the fact that all towns under 2,500 population
were classed as “rural districts.” That lie needs a dose
of caustic lye whenever it appears.

*

A nest of oleo frauds has been found near the mouth
of the Hudson River. It seems that a firm in Jersey
City, N. J., has been making uncolored oleo and sending
it on trucks across the ferries to New York where it
is distributed to hotels and boarding houses, chiefly on
Long Island. There were no stamps or marks on the
tubs to show what the stuff was but it was billed as
“creamery butter” at 19 cents a pound. Assistant Com¬
missioner Kracke has caught the rogues in the very act.
This is a case of inter-State commerce. New York
officials have no authority to invade New Jersey and
arrest these oleo men ; and it connot be said that the
State of New Jersey is active after such frauds. The
Internal Revenue officers will be obliged to prosecute.
We hope they will land the oleo men in a place where
they can ue fed on the unmixed ingredients which they
put together and sold as butter.

*

The average push cart dealer in New York does not
look like one who would disturb the trade of a conti¬
nent. He is usually a Greek or Italian, not a close
friend Of soap and with a vocabulary limited to “Sella
da banan ! Fivea centa !” Yet a rumor that he is to be
driven out of business has given California more con¬
cern than chances of failure of the great peace meeting.
There are about 8,000 of these dealers in the city.
They push light wagons or carts about and sell oranges,
bananas, apples, peaches and other fruits in season. We
have no statistics, but we judge from appearances that
they average at least ll/2 bushel of fruit per day. This
means daily sales of 12,000 bushels of produce, most
of which would not be sold if the push cart men were
put out of business. Many of them sell a class of fruit
which would not be easily disposed of otherwise. Then
again New York people eat fruit on the run, buying
of the push cart dealers and eating from the hand as
they go about their business. They do not sit down
and eat apples or other fruit as country people do.
The push cart trade suits such people, as the fruit is
always ready to their hand. The quantity of Cali¬

fornia fruit sold on these push carts is enormous, and
if they were kept off the street California trade would
be seriously hurt. It must be admitted that in the pres¬
ent condition of the city streets these push carts are
a nuisance. There are too many of them. Of course
the grocers and fruit dealers object to them. We do
not understand that the city authorities mean to abolish
the push cart. They will, however, organize and restrict
the business, as they have a right to do.

*

A New England nu'seryman is offering $25 reward
for the discovery of some sneaking knave who turned
a lot of Gypsy moth caterpillars loose in his nursery.
When we consider the devastation already worked by
this pest — the noble trees destroyed, the highways
befouled, and the enormous expense entailed by efforts
aiming at its suppression — it is hard to refer to such
an outrage as its wanton dissemination with any degree
of calmness and restraint. Yet several cases of this
kind have been reported, and there is constant risk of
infestation within our own fertile fruit-growing sections.
No legal penalty now existing can adequately punish
the disseminator of a mischievous insect pest. He ought
to be confined, for the term of his natural life, within
the limits of an alkali desert, there to ruminate, amid
cactus and rattlesnakes, upon the misdoings that exiled
him from his fellow men.

*

Few people outside of the business realize how gaso¬
line engines are coming into use on dairy farms. A
few years ago it was a standing principle of good dairy
practice that steam was the best dairy power because it
can be used for cleaning pans and cans. The use of the
hand separator seems to have changed that. Now on
many farms the milk is poured from the milking pails
or cans right into the separator. The cream cans are
taken from the farm aiid steamed at the creamery, so
that there is little to clean besides the milk pails and
separator. This has driven the steam engine out of a
job on such farms, for the gasoline occupies less space,
costs less and gives the needed power without constant
supervision. 'I his is only one way in which a change
of method has made possible a change in machinery.
Some years ago the man who bought a gasoline engine
had to do part of the experimenting needed to test
them. Now the machines are made so that they are
fully reliable.

*

Reports are constantly coming of farmers who are
building old style fences of posts and boards or planting
hedges. In most cases these fences take the place of
wire which has rotted away. Rather than put up any
more inferior wire these farmers will use boards,
though this will cost more. A farmer can get a good
idea of the lasting quality of wood. He knows what
it is and he knows that when well painted it will last
for many years. Not so with the modern wire fence.

It may last five years or it may be doing duty at the
end of 15 years! Who can tell? Not a farmer, and
so it is no wonder he prefers to use materials which he
can count on. This ought to interest wire manufac¬
turers in two ways. It shows them something of the
discontent which wire buyers feel. It also shows that
there are a good many farmers who are willing to pay
a good price for something that they can trust ! They
can trust a board because they can tell by looking at it
whether it is sound or not. They cannot trust a wire
in the same way because they .do not know what the
galvanizing covers and contains. When a manufacturer
will guarantee wire to last a certain time farmers will
trust it as they now do a board.

*

For sentimental as well as business reasons Amer¬
icans will rejoice at the prospect of peace between Japan
and Russia. President Roosevelt did more than anyone
else to make this peace possible, and his remarkable
work will strengthen this country as a world power,
for this nation must hereafter take a prominent part in
the development of the Far East. From a business
point of view the future trade of China and Japan
will be of vast importance to this country. So that,
aside from any other consideration, the action of Pres¬
ident Roosevelt in helping to bring about peace will
prove a substantial benefit to the Nation. As to the
outcome of the peace negotiations, it seems to us that
Japan has won a substantial victory. It will be hard
to say what Russia has gained beyond saving her pride
and escaping the payment of a sum of money which the
majority of people thought a fair debt. Japan has
gained every point for which she fought and consid¬
erable territory and property in addition. She has also
made her position as a Nation secure. We take no
stock in the theory that Japan made concessions out of
benevolent or purely humane motives. It seems an act
of wise and far-seeing statesmanship. Ten years ago
Japan was robbed of the fruits of her victory over
China because she did not have the backing of the
other powers. Now, however, her course has been such

that the other nations are under obligations to see that
Russia lives up to her agreement. As to the cost of the
war, we have no doubt that China will finally pay it
in some way, since the country from which the Russians
retire will be given back to the Chinese. The world
will now wait with interest to see what Japan will do
with the victory.

*

We all remember how the Department of Agriculture
endorsed the wild stories told about “nitro culture.”
Taking a fair estimate of the reports in the Government
bulletins, about all that could be said was that the
plan of using the bacteria was worth trying. The De¬
partment seemed to assume that it was all settled and
that sure results would follow the use of the bacteria.
The Pennsylvania Experiment Station has tested “nitro
culture” carefully, sowing seed in pots so there could
be no mistake about results. In three cases out of four
the* plants which were not inoculated were slightly
better than those in which the “nitro culture” was
used. So far as the nodules on the roots go there was
little, if any, difference. The Department made a great
mistake in rushing to exploit this nitro culture before
it had been fully tested. Farmers have not lost large
sums of money through it yet, but the principle is a bad
one and the Department has lost influence through this
booming of a pet hobby.

*

A few years ago an “authority” on cooking started
a crusade against the potato as an article of food.
Figures and arguments were given to show that pota¬
toes should not be eaten because they furnish neither
bone, strength nor muscle. This woman meant well,
but she did not know what she was talking about. Her
attempted crusade fell flat, as it deserved to. The fact
is that with the possible exception of Indian corn or
rice the potato is the most important food plant under
cultivation. It feeds more working people who labor in
northern latitudes than any other crop plant. Dr. Alex¬
ander Haig, of London, says that many of the ills of
life are due to uric acid in the blood. He says that,
roughly speaking, everyone forms about one grain of
uric acid for each 12 pounds of body weight. If this
is removed freely there is no danger, if not all sorts
of disorders are possible. The problem of living is
to get rid of this uric acid. Among other things, Dr.
Haig says :

With regard to quality'of food I exercise here also, an im¬
portant precaution. I am careful to eat potato (which con¬
tains a considerable amount of alkali), at least three times
a day. the potato at breakfast being the most important,
though not the most nourishing, item of the meal.* I am
one of those who do not think it a mere chance that the
lowest cancer death rate in the United Kingdom is to be
found in association with the largest consumption of pota¬
toes in some of the country districts of Ireland1. Cancer, as
I have elsewhere pointed out, is associated with retention of
uric acid in t lie body, and next to warmth and natural activ¬
ity, there is nothing which is more likely to prevent this re¬
tention than the humble potato.

Thus, in addition to its food value, the potato has its
uses in preserving health. It is generally supposed that
lettuce, celery, asparagus and other plants are “healthy,”
but it would seem from this that the solid old potato
outranks them all. It is claimed by some authorities that
the leaves and stalk of the common potato contain a
narcotic principle. An extract prepared from the
leaves has been used with good results in cases of cough,
rheumatism and cancer. Other members of the plant
family to which the potato belongs have well defined
medical properties. With these facts and when we con¬
sider the many ways in which potatoes can be cooked
and served we see what folly it is for ignorant people
to advise against its use.

BREVITIES.

Do not let patience become a vice.

Give the weak chicken a chance by itself.

The man behind the begun must carry it through.

Trying to be funny is a work that makes everyone tired.

Something to be proud of at this season — a clean straw-
berrry field.

The price of potatoes went up, the diggers got at work
and down came prices again.

As between the self-satisfied man and the unsatisfied it
is hard to say which is more dangerous.

Think of eating food that is guaranteed to keep “any
length of time in any climate.” It would be tough on your
stomach.

When a man feels the acid of adversity and the shaking
up of misfortune let him think that he is going through a
sort of Babcock test to try his manhood.

When you buy and haul coal in dry weather you haul
less water than in a wet storm. It is possible to make a dif¬
ference of 200 pounds per ton in this way.

The daily papers reported that Eastern Long Island was
menaced by a swarm of Jack rabbits. Judging from what
our readers say there is little or nothing in it.

What is meant by a bureacracy? Go into some home
where it is the family' ambition for the oldest daughter — ■
along in years — to catch a beau and find out.

I

1B05.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER-

669

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The yellow fever situtaion continues seri¬
ous. In New Orleans August 110 the condition was as fol¬
lows : Total cases to date, 1,878; total deaths, 271; cases
still under treatment, 174; total number of disease cen¬
ters found's, 442. In Natchez, Miss., 14 cases have been
found. . . . Five meat dealers in Madison, Wis., pleaded

guilty August 29 to selling adulterated meats, some of which
were bologna preserved in borax and colored with coal tar
dyes. . . . Frederick A. Feck ham, indicted in the Dis¬

trict of Columbia for conspiracy to defraud the United States
Government in connection with the leakage in the cotton
reports of the Department of Agriculture, was arrested at
the Grand Union Hotel, Saratoga, N. Y., August 23. Peck-
ham was unable to procure $12,000 bail, and was locked up
in the Saratoga County jail, at Baliston Spa. Two indict¬
ments were found against Peckham in the District of Col¬
umbia, and a bench warrant against him was Issued by
Chief Judge II. M. Clabaugh, of the District of Columbia
Supreme Court. Moses Haas, who was indicted with Fred¬
erick A. Peckham and Edwin S. Holmes, Jr., gave himself
up August 25 to United States Marshal Henkel in New
York. Haas was arrested on a complaint based upon the
indictment, and sworn to on information and belief by As¬
sistant T'nited States District Attorney Henry A. Wise.
This charges that Holmes, Haas and Peckham entered into
an unlawful agreement and conspiracy to defraud the Gov¬
ernment through furnishing by Holmes, in contravention of
his duties and violation of confidence reposed In him as
associate statistician in the Department of Agriculture, of
copies of the cotton crop reports compiled by the Depart¬
ment, in advance of their official publication. Haas and
Peckham fulfilled their part of the alleged unlawful agree¬
ment, says the complaint, by getting Lewis C. Van Riper, a
New ^ ork cotton broker, to furnish the money to play the
market on Holmes's information, the profits to be divided
between the participants. . . . The first suits to com¬

pel the payment of adequate damages by the lumber and
pulp Interests, which, through collusion with the old Depart¬
ment of Forest, Fish and Game, chceated New York State
out of many thousands of dollars, were begun August 23
by Attorney-General Mayer. The defendants are the J. &
J. Rogers Company, owners of the Pulp and Paper Mills at
Ausable Parks, and Patrick Moynchan, of Glen Falls. The
amount which the State seeks to recover in these cases is
$20,000. Before the Department of Forest, Fish and Game
was overhauled and Commissioner Whipple placed in charge
the lumber and pulp companies in the Adirondacks were in
the habit of cutting and' removing timber on State lands in
violation of the constitution and settling with the State
Department for the nominal sum of 30 cents a standard, in¬
stead of $2, the price now demanded. The scandal cause.d
by this practice brought about an Investigation, and Gov.
Higgins requested the Attorney-General to begin suits to
lest the validity of the void confessions of judgment where¬
by only nominal fines were paid.

GENERAL FOREIGN AFFAIRS.— August 29 the Jap¬
anese and Russian envoys in session at Portsmouth, N. II.,
agreed upon a basis for peace, and woik was at once begun
to frame a treaty and arrange for an armistice. The points
on which the conference had been deadlocked for more than
a week were yielded by the Japanese, who waived all claim
to indemnity, agreeing to cede one-half of the recently-cap¬
tured Sakhalin Island to Russia. . . . The American-

China Development Co., organized to finance the Canton-
liankow Railroad project, contract for which was cancelled
by the Chinese Government, has agreed to accept the indem¬
nity offered by the Imperial Government, $0,750,000, In lieu
of all claims.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The next unnual meeting of the
Georgia Dairy and Live Stock Association will be held at
Macon, Ga., October 20-27. At this meeting, the question of
union of two organizations will be definitely arranged, a con¬
stitution adopted and permanent officers elected. They are
the Georgia Dairyman's Association, which was organized
10 years ago by Col. Redding, Director of the Experiment
Station, and the Live Stock Breeders’ Association, organized
two years since by Hon. Harvie Jordan, State Director of
Farmers' Institutes. It was decided by the founders and by
the officers and many members of both associations that in
the present state of live stock and dairy woik in Georgia
one well supported organization would be more useful than
two of smaller membership. A temporary union was ef¬
fected by a meeting of the Executive committees of both
Associations at Experiment Station on July 12, and the name
Georgia Dairy and Live Stock Association selected for the
combined societies. B. W. Hunt, of Eatouton, was se¬
lected temporary president. W. I.. Williamson, Com¬
merce, First vice-president ; Prof. M. I.. Duggan, Sparta, sec-
lnd vice-president and Prof. C. I., Willoughby, Experiment,
secretary-treasurer, all to hold until confirmed or their suc¬
cessors elected at the meeting in October.

The thirteenth annual meeting of the National Irrigation
Congress, with more than a thousand delegates present, rep¬
resenting more than four-fifths of the States in tire Union,
assembled August 21 at the Lewis and Clark Auditorium,
Portland, Ore. Gov. Chamberlain, of Oregon, welcomed the
delegates, and Gov. Pardee of California, made an address.
He said that the Government reclamation service gave prom¬
ise of the highest efficiency. The 400 engineers, assistants
and experts had been all chosen absolutely without regard
to politics. With the $30,000,000 proceeds of land sales
nearly a score of larger undertakings have been started in a
dozen States and some of them are already well under way.
A message from President Roosevelt was read counselling
patience until the operation of the reclamation act should
become more extensive. The President pointed out that
the act “enforces the principle of the greatest good to the
greatest number of people, but gives each man land enough
to support his family in comfort.”

BUYING A FARM IN MAINE .

A correspondent asks about farms in Maine — 200 acres
offered at $1,000. 'I’here are unquestionably good farms for
sale in Maine at low prices, but such farms as the above
might be remote from railroad or good markets. The price
would indicate that condition. A few years ago we started
out on an investigating tour to secure one of these bargains.
We had to pay that price for 75 acres and rebuild the build¬
ings, but it was the location and its convenience to railroad
which made it valuable. Almost the first question asked in
regard to a farm is whether there is any standing timber
and its size. Many farms have been purchased for the lum¬
ber alone, 'and when this is cut the mill people, having no
use for the property, sell at a price which leaves the co«‘
of the lumber very low. In this vicinity logging In Winter
is one of the methods of earning necessary cash, and is de¬
pended upon as a revenue as much as farm crops in Summer.
There are cases where old people unable to carry on the
farms offer them for sale at favorable prices, but an inves¬
tigation of each farm is the only method of determining its
value. We traveled hundreds of miles before finding one
which filled our requirements. Owing to the development
of dangerous lung difficulties with my wife it was Imperative
Unit our liotne should lie located upon high land. The de¬
scription of one farm particularly appealed to us. We made

a trip of 120 miles only to find it located in a swamp, the
water surrounding the dwelling and extending to the road.
I do not think there is any great difference between Maine
and the other New England States as far as crops are con
cerned, or, in fact, in general conditions. The markets de¬
pend greatly upon the location of the farm and the quan¬
tity of any product grown. Portland is the largest city, and
is supplied so thoroughly that prices usually are lower than
Boston, which is the natural outlet for thousands of dol¬
lars’ worth of hay, potatoes, poultry, eggs. etc. Alfalfa is
being grown at present in Maine, but its hardiness has not
yet been determined. Prices vary according to location and
season and can only be answered in a general way. Pota¬
toes about 50 cents per bushel ; apples 75 cents to $2 per
barrel ; hay $11 to $10; milk five to seven cents per quart.

Asparagus is grown near the cities by market gardeners,
who also supply lettuce, cucumbers and other green stuff.
The temperature depends greatly upon location, varying
!n distances, depending upon the elevation. Our farm

is .>20 feet above sea level, and our lowest record is 18
below, while 75 feet below at the railroad station it is fre¬
quently 30 degrees colder. The Summer heat may touch 100
rarely, the general temperature running between 70 and 90.
and Maine is certainly one of the healthiest States in the
country. Roads vary according to location. In our section
they are well kept, but there Is a general awakening on the
question of good roads everywhere. Taxes usually are mod-
erate, and Maine does not yield to any State in the quality
of her schools. Regarding the advisability of a man leaving
a salary of $800 per year with house rent, coal, milk and
butter to buy a farm, unless health demanded a change, I
should say “I wouldn’t do it.” Still everything, as Prof.
Bailey says, depends upon the “man behind the gun.” W. F.
Allen ships thousands of dollars’ worth of strawberries from
Maryland to Boston. It can be done from Maine, and reach
a later market, but a man must know how to raise choice
fruit. Some of our Mnlne poultrymen are making much
more than $800 per year, but thev know their business anr1
if one enters farming in Maine with the idea of shipping to
Boston he must bear in mind that the market is full of
trash and that Boston demands first-class stuff. The soil
of Maine generally is strong. It has been supposed that in
Aroostook County alone large yields of potatoes could be
obtained. That is an error, as 400 bushels all over the
State Is not an uncommon yield. Many farmers feed their
hay to their cows, selling the cream, which is gathered reg¬
ularly by teams.

There is one Important point, however, which should not
be overlooked in purchasing one of the abandoned farms,
and that Is capital. It takes time to bring fields which are
badly exhausted Into a profitable state of cultivation; poor
expected occasionally, and money is necessarv
while waiting. If located near a cltv cash is usually paid
for country produce, but if a village trade Is sought the
stores rarely pay cash, as they depend upon the method <>f
oxonange for their goods. This barter system is unsatis¬
factory Money is necessary to purchase grain and the
result Is the shipment to Boston of thousands of dozens
of eggs and quantities of poultry, the express companies
encouraging this trade in every possible manner. Another
method of turning farm crops into cash is by takincr Summer
boarders. Maine is growing into popularity in this direc-
tion every year. Probably apples are as profitable as any
cash crop if the orchards are properly cared for and the
best quality of fruit is grown. The development of an
orchard requires time, however, hut whatever line of farming
Is chosen, the outlet should be carefully considered That
Maine farmers are generally prosperous is shown by the
character of the buildings and the comparatively few farms
offered for sale. f c o

LONG ISLAND JACK RABBITS.

The city people have not yet invaded our lawns with their
guns and .Tack rabbits, a blessing of somewhat a mixed char-
acter \\e have been looking and longing for years for the
advent of city people and a rise in value of land hut we have
counted on the attending evils. Our eommunitv Is
strictly a farming one and by industry and fertilizer' the
price of farm land has risen to $200 per acre Yet this
seeming prosperity has It's drawbacks, for in order to carry
on the farm operations each family hires from one to four
I olish men and they are very fond of fruit. Between them
and the San Jos6 scale fault raising except apples is a total
failure and I am cutting-, out my trees as fast as conve-
nient. This kind of Jaclj. rabbit is as disastrous to peaches
and plums as the four-leggbd kind but failure here will heln
the fruit growers elsewhere and they can better afford to
buv their potatoes of ns; s c L Y

Orient, L. I.

CROP PROSPECTS.

It is getting to be very dry here. Am Irrigating alraosi
daily to keep things going. The cotton crop of Texas is
the shortest we have had per acre. All other crops fair witl

u8 *>er,e- rn J. w. s.

Mexia, Texas.

The apple crop in our section of Virgina is about 80 per
cent of a maximum yield with the quality of the fruit ex¬
ceptionally fine. New York and western buyers are now
operating in this section and are offering $1.50 per barrel in
the orchard for No. 1 fruit. My own output this year will
be about three thousand barrels, which as yet is unsold
Winchester, Va. s l i ’

Apples In this section are a very poor crop and poor qua
lt.v. My orchard has only from five to 10 per cent as man

cMiiio1 190t ^ ,?'iinK’. I5aI<lwin. Fallwater. Greening an
Gilliflower had light bloom. One-half of my four-vear-o!
Missing I.ink trees bloomed full. The frosts' about May 9
cleaned up all kinds of fruit here. The Missing I.ink apple
of crop 1904 are fresh and nice yet. b m stone

Pennsylvania. _

NEW ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL NOTES.

I was fortunate while in Worcester. Mass., to visit the
weekly exhibit of the Worcester Co. Horticultural Society
Western people are apt to think that everything farmwise is
done upon the big fields. Not so. Worcester is one of the
largest producing agricultural counties in the United States
and their horticultural society the second oldest in this
country.

The President. O. R. Hadwin. the only living charter
member of the society, has passed four score, but still as
hale and hearty as a man of 50. A fine type of the broad¬
minded, public-spirited man. For 10 years President of the
society and for three years at the head of the State Ilorti-
cultural Society. He has given the citv of Worcester a
fine park : has been a member of the Park Commission for
38 yea i-8 ; has 1.000 trees of his own planting from 40 to
100 feet high, and some of them 12 feet in circmference, and
100 different varieties of ornamental trees. Although living
within the city limits he has all of the rural instincts and
sympathies.

The society owns its hall, which yields an annual rental of
$7,000, making possible the monthly exhibits of February,
March, April and May, and the weekly shows from June un¬
til November. They also hold meetings for debate and dis¬
cussion, all expenses being borne by the above-mentioned in¬
come. They receive no State aid. There are several thou¬
sand books in the library and a reading room is stocked with
current literature. The judges are named at the annual
meeting and are experts in their classes. The exhibit for
this day, August 24. was cut flowers. Gladioli. Phlox, lillies.
fruits and vegetables. The exhibit was so choice that T was
led to inquire carefully, both through the President and Sec¬
retary Iiixon whether or not the exhibitors were profes¬
sionals or amateurs. He said the bast answer would be to
meet some of the exhibitors. T found a goodly proportion
were young women. Some teachers, others married ladies
who have become interested along these lines through the
encouragement offered by the society. I was particularly in¬
terested in the attention paid to the children. Their annual
show, under 14 years, occurred Saturday. August 2G. The
premium list for the day footed up $25, including flowers
afid vegetable garden products. The State of Illinois adver¬
tises widely her efforts to interest the young in corn growing,
and is doing splendid work. Rut do you know flowers and
vegetables bear the same relation to New England Agricul¬
ture that corn does to the middle West? My attention was
attracted to an exhibit of GO varieties mushrooms, all given

their botanical names. In seeking out the exhibitor I found
the young wife of a woiking man who said she gathered
them, with a little aid from the children, in a few hours,
and that it was purely a matter of educational pastime. A
very fine peach, as I personally know from an examination,
grown under glass, the tree an English variety, “Sea Eagle,"
was attracting much attention. The whole management of
this society is educational, and its work is far reaching and
stimulating to the horticulture of the section. h. e. cook.

FARM LABOR IN FLORIDA.

On page 637 it is stated that winter labor is abundant
in Florida. What is this labor and what does it bring in?

SEVERAL READERS.

Labor among the vegetable and citrus growers commands
from $1.25 to $2 per day, according to their ability or knowl
edge ( f the work. The season opens up about October 1 and
closes June 15. Orange packers who can pack neatly GO
boxes of oranges per day command usually $1.75 per day.
Those who can pack more than that get $2.

A new beginner cannot pack over 25 to 40 boxes per day
the first season and very few wish to bother to learn new
hands unless they stay on the place as steady hands.
Unless a person has worked in the North among market
gardeners where the vegetables are [lacked and shipped to
market he could not command more than a common laborer,
but if he can pack the different kinds of vegetables in the
standard southern crate he can command $1.50 per day.
The vegetable packing season does not open up until about
Christmas. Good intelligent labor is always in demand,
and a man who can and will give his employer a good hon¬
est day’s work can usually find work, but one-half of our
common labor try to see how little they can do, and put in
full 10 hours per day.

Good board can be procured at from $3.50 to $4 per week,
which includes room. Most of the labor is hired by the
day, and only actual time is paid for. There is very little
lost time on account of rains during the Winter season.
During the months of June, July. August and September
we pay only one dollar per day for hoeing, pruning and mow¬
ing or general work around the grove. F. D. waite.

Manatee Co., Fla. _

INSURANCE AND LIGHTNING RODS.

Are Well Rodded Houses Good Risks?

Our statistics are not compiled in such a manner as
would make any information that we might give on this
point of value in deciding for or against lightning rods,
in fact, we do not think the question of lightning rod’s
enters very much into the consideration of the average risk
by the insurance company. b. r. stillman.

National Fire Ins. Co.

As regards lightning rods giving better protection than
houses not so protected, it is our opinion when the light¬
ning rods are properly kept in order and are so adjusted
that the lightning will not enter the house from the' rods,
we consider such houses a better risk. The trouble with
lightning rods is that after they are first put up they are
seldom looked after, and in a short time houses having such
neglected rods are practically a worse risk than those with¬
out any. It is the writer’s opinion that if a lightning rod
is attached to a flagpole higher than the house itself, or to
a tall tree adjacent to the house, it is a better protection
than if the lightning rod itself were on the house. We can¬
not give you any statistics of this company’s direct expert
ence, for the reason we have never kept any, and. as stated
above, this class of business is not large enough to nay
us to keep such statistics. lyman candee.

Glohe and Rutgers Fire Ins. Co.

It is our opinion that a house, particularly in the coun¬
try, if properly protected by lightning rods, is less liable to
damage from lightning than if not so protected. While it
may he true that with lightning rods on a house the current
will he more readily attracted, still it is carried off by the
rods to the ground, with less likelihood of damage. There
is a committee of the National Fire Protection Association
now at work on this; subject, the Intention being to pre¬
pare rules and specifications for the proper installing of
lightning rods. A man in the employ of this company is
serving as chairman of the committee, and it is expected
that the regulations , will be ready for publication at no
distant date. From a tabulation of figures which has been
especially prepared, the following was the result of losses
caused by lightning::

Number of fires. Losses. •

1898 . 3 479

1899 . 2.760

1900 . 3.440

1902 . 3,012

$3,752,155

3,913,525

5,272.835

3,759,980

German American Ins. Co.

C. Q. SMITH.

PICKING APPLES. — The ladder should he light as pos¬
sible and strong enough to lie safe: a straight cedar pole
5 inches through at butt sawed in two lengthwise and good
hardwood rungs put In makes the best ladder and a one-half
bushel basket with a piece of bagging fastened inside to pick
in : you might liavp a wire hook on the handle. Some use a
hag but it is apt to bruise the apples. The fruit is all picked
at once. Some growers barrel as fast as picked, using a
table to sort on In the orchard. Some put them on the
ground In small piles and barrel after picking is over, while
others put in crates as fast as picked and draw to barn or
packing house to barrel in bad weather. A good many are
drawn to the railroad station In crates and sold to be shipped
in bulk, before freezing weather, thus saving the cost of
barrels. No boxes are used here yet. The apples should not
be bruised, and sorted into at least two qualities besides the
smaller ones. As to picking, it is all in the man who does
it ; of course he needs a ladder long enough to reach the
apples. It would be better to have a short one for the low
kinds. a. c. b

tona, N. Y.

BUSINESS BITS.

The constantly growing popularity of the “Black and
White” breed is not to be w'ondered at by anyone familiar
with their performance. In an official test just completed
one of the fine cows of this breed, owned by E. II. Knapp &
Son, Fabius, N. Y., made a record of 25.17*pounds of butter
in seven days. This firm announce that they offer for sale
several fine animals of their famous herd.

The “Wonder” is the name of a little gasoline engine
made by the R. M. Cornell Co.. Syracuse. N. Y.. and it is
proving worthy of the name. It is a wonder in points of
simplicity and economy of operation. It is claimed that this
engine, 1 y, h. p. size, will work for 10 hours at a cost of
only about 12 cents, and the original cost of the engine is
much less than other makes. This engine should command
(he careful attention of anyone wanting power for farm work.
Full particulars by addressing the above-named firm.

Of R READERS are familiar with the Rickmore Gall Cure
trademark, the horse at work in harness while being cured
of sore shoulders. This is deserving of more than a passing
thought. The Rickmore Gall Cure is a powerful remedy,
perhaps the most efficient cure known for a number of the
most common ailments that come to the horse The im¬
portant thing is that you do not lose the services of the
horse while curing him. It is fold as a standard horse rem¬
edy by druggists everywhere. The manufacturer will mail
a sample box for 10 cents to any one who wants to make. a
test for himself. Address Rickmore Gall Cure Co., Old
Town, Me.

As the Fall approaches poultry keepers who have not
acquired the green cut hone habit should determine to get in
line. They are working at a disadvantage. So much has
been written, all to the same purpose, that there can he
but one opinion as to the advantages of its use. The onlv
question open for discussion is the machine to reduce it with
least trouble to right feeding form. This seems to be very
well solved by the F. W Mann Co.. Rox 15, Milford. Mass',
with their Latest Model Rone Cutter. There can be no ques¬
tion hut that an intending purchaser will be serving his
best interests by writing the Mann Co. and learning all about
their machine and terms before placing an order.

67o

September 9,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

From Day to Day.

THE LIGHTS O’ LONDON.

The way was long and weary,

But gallantly they strode,

A country lad and lassie,

Along the heavy road.

The night was dark and stormy,

But blithe of heart were they,

For shining in the distance
The lights of London lay !

O gleaming lamps of London, that gem the
city’s crown,

What fortunes lie within you, 0 lights or
London town !

With faces worn and weary.

That told of sorrow’s load.

One day a man and woman
Crept down a country road.

They sought their native village,
Heartbroken from the fray ;

Yet shining still behind them
The lights of London tayt
O cruel lamps of London, if tears your light
could drown,

Your victims' eyes would weep them, O lights
of London town !

— George R. Sims.

*

The children will like “ringlets,” which
are a very innocent form of pastry. Make
a pie crust with butter combined with
other shortening, sweetening it. Roll
out thin and cut into inch-wide strips.
Twirl these strips so as to make curls,
and bake golden brown.

*

Among the new silks for Autumn wear
moire velour in all sorts of Scotch plaids
is shown at 98 cents a yard. Apparently
plaids are to be in high favor. Blue and
green combinations are again to be very
popular, but usually have a touch of white
or red combined with them. Rattlesnake
moire is a shimmery material with a
moire antique look; it is $1.25 a yard.
Velvet is shown in great variety, and
there is every indication that it will be one
of the most popular materials of the Fall
and Winter, both for dress and millinery.
*

A friend who wished to cleanse a soiled
spot on a taffeta skirt was horrified to
discover that cold water, cautiously ap¬
plied, not only took out the soil, but also
the color of the material. The skirt was
un wearable until an artistic expedient sug¬
gested itself ; she tinted the bleached spot
with water color paint, applied with a
brush, until it was of the right shade.
The new shades of blue are often not at
all stable when exposed to sunlight, par¬
ticularly in straw. Blue hats were very
pretty and very numerous in the Spring,
but most of them quickly faded to a very
dingy tint. One of our friends revived
her hat by painting with washing blue,
and reports very satisfactory results.

*

Here is a recipe for Virginia pickle, in¬
dorsed by a reader of Good Housekeep¬
ing. The pickle requires no cooking: In
a three-gallon jar mix one gallon of
strong vinegar, one-half pint of salt, three
pounds of brown sugar, two ounces each
of black pepper, brown ginger, celery seed,
mustard seed, mace, cloves, horseradish
and allspice, one-half box of ground mus¬
tard, a little red pepper and one-half
dozen pepper pods. Peel three dozen
onions and put them with fresh cucum¬
bers, just from the vine, washed and
wiped dry, into the spiced vinegar, using
enough cucumbers to fill the jar. Agitate
the pickles every other morning for sev¬
eral months or until cool weather comes.
Then add more sugar until the pickles

have a pleasant taste.

*

Cold sores have such a habit of arriving
at the most inopportune time that it is
well to know how to get rid of them. We
use peroxide of hydrogen, swabbed on
with antiseptic cotton, and find that a fe^y
applications heal the sore, and prevent it
from forming a hard blister. It is well
to remember, however, that a cold sore is
often nature’s way of demanding a little
more attention to diet, or some simple
medication. The antiseptic recommended

is a very useful application for any exter¬
nal sores and is also used, somewhat di¬
luted, as a mouth wash, and as a spray
for inflamed mucous membranes. It is a
strong bleaching agent, and used for this
purpose is responsible for a good deal of
blonde hair that Nature intended to re¬
main dark, but its legitimate use as an
antiseptic makes it valuable in the home
medicine chest. Its name reduced to fa¬
miliar language describes it as water
charged with an extra atom of oxygen.

*

Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge, editor-in-
chief of St. Nicholas, and writer of chil¬
dren’s stories, died at Onteora Park, in
the Catskills, August 21, aged 67. She
was the daughter of Prof. James J. Mapes,
author, inventor, chemist and civil engi¬
neer, and began to write poems and short
stories for family consumption at the age
of eight. When left a widow early in
life, with two sons to educate, she became
immediately successful as a writer. While
reading Motley’s history of the Dutch Re¬
public the outline of a story for children,
the scene to be laid in Holland, came into
her mind, the plot springing from the same
true character which was converted by
Washington Irving into Rip Van Winkle.
In a few months “Hans Brinker, or the
Silver Skates” was written. Mrs. Dodge
found herself famous. The tale was trans¬
lated into French, German and Russian,
and was twisted into the language of its
own native scene, so that thousands of
small Hollanders read it with pleasure.
“Hans Brinker” was the most famous of
all Mrs. Dodge’s stories. In writing it
she ransacked libraries, wrote innumerable
letters and had each chapter critically re¬
vised by two Dutch friends. In 1873 St.
Nicholas was founded, and Mrs. Dodge
has remained editor ever since, though
she retired from active control four years
ago. Notwithstanding her busy editorial

life, Mrs. Dodge found time to publish
many books. “Theophilus and Others,”
written in 1876, was a collection of sto¬
ries for older people. Then she wrote
“Rhymes and Jingles,” “Along the Way”
and “Donald and Dorothy.” This last,
Mrs. Dodge said, was her favorite book.
It is certainly the favorite of many young
people. Mrs. Dodge possessed a vivid and
sympathetic literary style, combined with
buoyant humor, and her heroines were
always free from the sentimentality that
renders some popular girls’ books unde¬

sirable, in the eyes of thoughtful elders.
Her death will be felt keenly by thousands
of young people who only knew her
through her books, as well as by those in
close touch with her genial personality.

The Rural Patterns.

No matter how many other coats may
come into style, the reefer always holds
its place. Illustrated is a particularly at¬
tractive model made with pockets that in¬
clude generous flaps and which allows a
choice of plain or bishop sleeves. The

1088 Misses’ Corset Cover,

12 to 16 years.

coat is made with fronts and back, fin¬
ished with a flat turnover collar. Both
the plain and bishop sleeves are cut in one
piece each and are finished with flare
cuffs, but the bishop sleeves are gathered
at the lower as well as at the upper edges.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size (10 years) is 4 yards 27,
2)4 yards 44 or V/& yards 52 inches wide.
The pattern 5037 is cut in sizes for girls
4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years of age; price
10 cents.

A simple but pretty misses’ corset cover
is shown in No. 5088. The corset cover
is made with fronts and back, and is fitted
with shoulder and under-arm seams. The
beading is applied over the neck edge
and the waist and is threaded with ribbon
by means of which it is drawn up to re¬
quired size. At the front edge is a box
plait exactly like those used on the shirt
waists and in the center of this the button¬
holes are made. The quantity of mate¬
rial required for the medium size (14
years) is 1)4 yards 36 inches wide with
3^4 yards of lace and 3% yards of beading.
The pattern 5088 is cut in sizes for misses
of 12, 14 and 16 years ; price 10 cents.

====

Blighted fruit trees
are revived again by

Banner Lye

Keep your fruit trees healthy, and get the
full crop that they should yield. You will find
the remedy given below to be of the greatest
value in protecting your

apple trees pear trees

peach trees plum trees

from blight. It doesn’t cost much and the in¬
creased yield pays for itself many times over.

Results are absolutely certain— proved
by thorough tests.

This is all you need for 60 trees :

2 cans Banner Lye

4 lbs Flowers of Sulphur
10 lbs Lime

Mix the Banner Lye and
sulphur dry, then make a thin
paste by adding water. Slack
the lime and add enough water
to make a thick whitewash.

Add the Banner Lye and sul¬
phur, and stir well. Apply to
trunk and large branches with
a whitewash brush. Dilute
the rest until thin enough to
spray, then thoroughly spray
the tops of the trees.

Use it after the first heavy frost in the fall
and again in the early spring. You will
then get more and better fruit from your trees.

Your grocer or druggist sells Banner Lye for 10 cts.

Send to us for free book, “ U»es of Banner Lye.

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

^Wholesale Prices rrS^

Our Oven Thermometers
Make
Good
Bak¬
ing
Easy

Gold Coin Stoves have
been standard for near¬
ly 60 years. Wherever
hot on sale, we will sell

Gold Coin
Ranges

or Heating
Stoves at the
wholesale
price, safely
del iv ered,
freight pre¬
paid, highly
polished,
ready to put in
your home on a

YEAR’S

Patent STELLIF OEM GRATE FREETRIAL

It saves fuel and trouble.

Return at our expense if not satisfied. Inis is the
first proposition of this kind ever made by a manu-
facturerof a Standard TradeMarked Stove. Write
for our Free Dluitrated Catalogue. It tells about all
the Stoves— and gives you wholesale price on each.
THE GOLD COIN 8T0VE CO.. 3 Oak St.. Troy.N. T.
k (Successor to Bussey & McLeod. Ent. I860)

\i

There Must be a Reason

For over fifty years many first-class dry-goods
merchants have been selling Simpson-Eddystone
* Prints and still sell them.

This is the reason : The people want them. They
know that Simpson-Rddystone calicoes mean high
quality, fast colors and beautiful designs ; and they
know that the high standard of excellence estab¬
lished so long ago has always been maintained.

Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddy none Prints.

In Blacks, Black- and-Whites, Light Indigo-
— ^ Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd plaid Effects

and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

PRINTS The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

EDDYSTONE

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test/

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that
there is no better stove or range made, and
save you from $5 lo $40 on every purchase, be¬
cause we save you all middlemen’s, jobbers’ and
dealers’ profits. We’re manufacturers, not “mail¬
order dealers;” we own and operate one of the Oven
largest and best equipped stove factories in the Thermometer |
world; we guarantee the high quality of our
product and ship on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Examine t

from 20% l .

All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent <

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

FREIGHT We probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood .

WE

PAY

THE

1905.

V.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

Once more “school keeps,” and the boys
have put on their second best suits,
strapped their books over their shoulders,
and marched off to it. The house is very
quiet, for Minty is still a semi-invalid,
and we miss the cheery whistling, the
little anecdotes they tell, and the track of
muddy boots over the floor. Bless the
boys, big and little; it would be a dark
world if they were always at “school,”
for they are the light of home, with all
their little faults! We know that Cleve¬
land is. fitful and grasping, that Grant with
all his generous impulses is quick-tem¬
pered, and that Sherman is selfish, but
none of us is qualified to “cast the first
stone,” and I often think when impatient
of the faults of those dear to me of the
pleading lines:

So many little faults we find.

We see them; for not blind
Is love. We see them, but if you and I
Perhaps remember them some by and by,
They will not be

Faults then, grave faults to you and me,
But just odd ways — mistakes, or even less — -
Remembrances to bless.

These thoughts should make us tolerant
of the failings of the young, who have
yet to learn life’s lessons in the hard
school of experience.

I have been making a little pocket
money lately from homemade candies, and
find it both pleasant and profitable employ¬
ment. The nearest st^re took it at first;
then I sent it in to town, telling the
grocer that my motto was excellent.'' in
quality and moderation in price. He
laughed, and bought all the stock I had
with me, then wrote to me for more.
“Make the kinds that grown-up people
like,” he said ; “peanut brittle, chocolate
chips, maple creams, and such kinds as
taste good and are desirable.” Candy is a
thing that does not improve with age, and
requires to be “sold out” every fortnight at
least. Since then I have been kept busy,
and will give here the recipes for the two
varieties that sold best.

Maple Creams. Take half as much
water as maple sugar, cook without stir¬
ring/and when almost done put in a small
piece of butter. When it begins to harden,
which is known by dropping a little into
cold water, take it from the stove and stir
rapidly until it becomes waxen. Pour out
on a buttered tin, and when partly cooled
mark off into squares with a sharp knife.

Peanut Brittle. — This candy is easily
made, and a great favorite, but if you
set your little nephews to shell the peanuts
it is apt to prove expensive. Always al¬
low for some being eaten. In my first ex¬
perience it seemed a time-saver to set the
boys to shelling the nuts, but after one
or two trials I found it cheaper to do the
work myself after they went to bed, to
save my pocket and their digestion. Half
a pound of white sugar, half a pound of
peanuts, shelled and chopped. Put the
sugar into an iron pan without water, and
stir over the fire until dissolved ; add the
peanuts, and turn into a well buttered tin.
It can be cut into squares, and in making
requires quickness and attention to every
detail, but should be brittle and dry
enough when touched not to soil the fin¬
gers. It must be made in these small
quantities. It was pleasant work arrang¬
ing it into plain white boxes of half a
pound and one pound each, with the name
of the variety neatly marked, also the
added attraction “Homemade candy.”
There is not a fortune in the venture, but
the profits will help my Winter ward¬
robe, and give me the pleasure of giving
that I could not otherwise obtain. For,
after all, what is life worth if we spend
all its hours in working for ourselves, or
plan only our own recreation? One likes
the joy of sharing with those who are
worse off than ourselves; the community
spirit of brotherhood makes it a delight.

It is the month of corn at its best, and
we are canning some of the late large
sort. It is not difficult if care is taken to
have the cans full and screw the lids so
that they will be tight. 1 hen we set the
bottles in the wash boiler and let them
steam awhile, giving the lids another twist

when taking them out. In Winter it is a
pleasure to be able to say: “This is our
own corn, put up at home.” Such little
things add zest to everyday living.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

School Lunches.

At a recent lecture on domestic economy
the subject of children’s school lunches
was discussed. Before this subject was in¬
troduced the lecturer had dwelt upon the
importance, of nourishing food for grow¬
ing children, saying that often they failed
to reach the stature and development in¬
tended by nature just for lack of proper
food. In reply to the question, “What do
you consider a model school lunch ?” she
smilingly said, “O, something that is easily
handled, easily digested and plenty of it.
Boys do not like to be bothered with
spoon-food; sandwiches, fruit, hard (and
long) boiled eggs, cookies and cake, not
rich, indigestible cake, but plain, home¬
made cake made of good, honest mate¬
rials. To the girls’ lunches might be add¬
ed a dish of custard, pudding or a ball of
cottage cheese.”

To this I would add celery and olives.
Bread and jam is a favorite lunch for one
child who does not care for butter, so
each year I put up a goodly array of

peach, fig, nectarine, prune and blackberry
jam. Egg and meat sandwiches are rel¬
ished, the latter of home-cooked meats.
I do not approve of the pressed meats
for sandwiches which come in tin cans.
Baked beans are good for making sand¬
wiches, if well seasoned, not forgetting
the molasses or brown sugar and a few
drops of vinegar. Have them soft and
moist so they will spread well. Cookies
are a delight to the children and the
graham and oatmeal cookies with raisins,
dates or nuts are very nourishing.

Graham Cookies. — One cup of white
sugar, one cup of brown sugar, one cup
of half butter and half lard, one cup of
sour milk, one teaspoonful of soda,
graham flour to make a stiff dough and
roll out in white flour. Chopped nuts
may be added to the dough, and may be
made to look attractive by sprinkling with
sugar and placing a seeded raisin in the
center of each cooky just before going in
the oven.

Date Cookies. — One cup of brown sugar,
one cup of shortening (butter and meat
fryings or lard), two-thirds of a cup of
sweet milk, two teaspoonfuls of baking
powder, two cups of oatmeal and flour to
roll. Remove pits from one pound of
dates, add one cup of sugar and one cup

67 1

of water, boil until smooth and thick and
spread this mixture between two cookies
and bake. mary s. stelson.

The Cheerful Face. — The “smile that
won’t come off” does more good in the
world than we realize. The man or
woman who is the possessor of a sunny
smile goes about the world doing good,
although he or she may not know it. No
matter how depressed or disgruntled we
may be, the sight of one of these cheerful
people cannot help but make us feel bet¬
ter. I know of one man who has an
•affliction under which most of us would
become morose and sour, but he always
has a genial smile and a jolly word for
everyone, and it is interesting to note how
the faces of all who meet him change and
reflect the pleasantness and good humor
in his. These pleasant people lubricate
society and lessen the friction between
irritable and discordant natures. Let us
all try to cultivate the “smile that won’t
come off,” but first we must have the
genial sympathy, the broad-minded charity
and the good will toward men, from
which it springs spontaneously. s. b. r.

Have ye iver noticed how a crab does
be walkin’ backwards most av th’ time?
Well, accordin’ to th’ laws av nature, ’twill
only be a matther av time till they’ll be
gettin’ heads on th’ other end to be seein’
where they’re goin’. ’Tis that makes iv-
volution. * * * Nature is a wonderful
thing whin ye come to study it.” — The
Fugitive Blacksmith.

A National Help in the
Servant Problem

WHERE every housewife,
no matter where she lives,
in the United States or Canada,
can come and be told how and
where to get a good servant, and
where the servant will be helped
to get a good place — the near¬
est approach ever reached to
a reliable, national intelligence
office. A new department, absolutely practical,
which begins in the September issue of

The Ladies’ Home Journal

One Dollar a year until October i next, then $1.25.

The Woman Who
Knows More About Needlework
than Any Woman in America

Will give a new five-page needlework department in every number of
The Ladies’ Home Journal. The newest stitches and designs in every
kind of needlework ; knitting, crocheting, tatting, embroidery, drawn work,
lace work, etc., will be given — and with stamped patterns, too, ot every piece.

The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

672

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 9,

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yorker, Sept. 9, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Handling Seed Potatoes iu Florida.... 001

Use of Haying Machinery . 002

More About Alfalfa . 602

Discussion of Wire Fencing . 603

Saving Seed . . . . . 600

Chestnut Shingles . 060

Hope Farm Notes . 607

Buying a Farm in Maine . 009

Farm Labor in Florida . 009

Hunting a Farm . 073

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Silo and Hogpen . 002

White Chicks and Vermin . 073

Ailing Animals . 074 ,

A Wash for Mange . 074

White Leghorn Iigg Record . 074

Fattening Young l'lgs . 07.5

Ayrshire Cows for Cream . 075

HORTICULTURAL.

Strawberries Under Glass . 002

Hard Strawberrry Question . 002

The Garden Pansy . 003

Transplanting Rearing Trees . 604

Fruits for Mississippi . 004

Cultivation for Peaches . 005

Raising Orchard Level . 665

Ruralisms . 000

Girdling Grape Vines . 060

New England Horticulture . 009

Picking Apples . 069

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 070

The Rural Patterns . 070

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters . 071

School Lunches . 671

The Cheerful Face . 071

MISCELLANEOUS.

A German on Parcels Post . 061

Lightning Rods . 663

Apple Butter Making . 004

Building a Fish Pond . 004

Hardwood Ashes . 004

Talks With a Lawyer . 005

Killing Canada Thistles . 005

Editorials . (HJK

Events of the Week . 609

Long Island Jack Rabbits . 069

Insurance and Lightning Rods . 009

Business Bits . (!(!9

Markets . (572

Pumping Water from Distance . 074

Trouble With Water Pipe . 675

Chinese Workmen . 075

Humorous . 676

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending September 2. 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth — (S'

No. 2, liar I, Winter . — . @

Corn . — @

Oats . — <g)

P.ve . — @

Barley . . . '. . — @

FEED.

City bran, bulk . .

Standard Middlings . 18.00

Fancy Middlings . — . —

Cottonseed meal . .

Linseed meal . .

91 %
80
00
32
05
40

@ 1 7.00
@20.50
@22.50
@29.50
@30.00

@10.50
@15.50
@ 1 3.00
@14.00
@ 1 3.00
@14.00
@10.00

per

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . 10.00

No. 2 . 14.50

No. 3 . 12.00

Clover, mixed . 13.00

Clover . 11,00

Straw, long rye . 12.50

Short and oat . 9.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price $1.31
quart can, netting 2% cents per quart in
cent zone, at points where there are no
tra station charges.

Creamery, extra . 21 %@

Firsts . 20% @

Seconds . 19 @

Thirds . 17% @

State dairy — half-tubs, extras. — @

Tubs, firsts . 19% @

Tubs, seconds . 18 @

Lower grades . 17 @

Western im. creamery — extras. — @

Firsts . 18 @

Western factory — firsts . 17% @

Seconds . 10% @

Lower grades . 15 @

Renovated — extras . 19% @

Firsts . 18 @

Seconds . 1 6 % @

Lower grades . 15 @

Packing stock — No. 1 . — @

No. 2 . 16% @

No. 3 . 15 @

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy . 12 @

Fair to choice . 11 % @

Light skims, choice . 9 %@

Part skims, prime . 8%@

Full skims . 2%@

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy . 20

Selected white, choice . 24

State, Pa. & nearby, mixed, ex. —

Mixed, firsts to extra firsts

Western, extra firsts . 21

Western, firsts .

Western, seconds . 17

Western, thirds . 15

Kentucky, fresh gathered .

Western & Southern, inferior.

DRIED FRUITS.

40-

26-

ex-

21%

21

20

18%

20%

20

19
17%
19%
18%
17%
17
10

20
19
17%
10
17%
17
10

1 1

9%

8%

3%

26

@

27

24

(a

25

—

@

24

20

@

22

21

@

22

— .

fa

20

17

@

18%

15

1

16

15

@

I 6 %

11

@

14

Apples — evaporated, fancy. .

Evaporated, choice .

Evaporated, prime .

Evaporated, com. to g’d. .

Sun-dried, Ohio .

Sun:dried. 1905. Southern
Cores & skins, 1904, 100

Raspberries, 1905 .

Huckleberries, 1905 .

Blackberries. 1905

8 @ —

7 % @ —

7 @ 7 lA

4 % @ 6

3 @ 3%

3 % @ 4 %

lbs. 1.40 @1.55

. . . 22 @23

. .. 11 @ 11%

7 %@ 7%

12

Cherries,

Marrow,

Common
Medium,

Common
Pea, choice
Common to

Red Kidney, choice . 3.12% @.315

Common to good . 2.75 @3.10

White Kidney, choice . 3.70 @3.75

Yellow Eye, choice . 2.00 @2.10

1905 . 11% @

BEANS.

choice, bu . 3.55 @3.60

to good . 2.80 @3.50

choice . 2.22% @2.25

to good . 1.80 @2.20

. — @1.75

good . 1.60 @1.72%

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples — Alexander, bbl . 2.50

Gravenstein . 2.25

Duchess of Oldenburgh . 2.25

Wealthy . 2.50

Maiden Blush . 2.00

Holland Pippin . 2.00

York Pippin . 2.00

Fall Pippin . 2.00

Nyack Pippin . 2.00

Orange Pippin . 2.00

Open heads . 1.00

Pears — Southern Le Conte, bbl. 50

Southern Kieffer . 1.00

Clapp's Favorrite . 2.00

Buerre Clairgeau . 2.50

Beurre d'Anjou . 2.50

Louise Bonne . 2.50

Flemish Beauty . 2.25

Congiess . 2.50

Catharine . 2.50

Bartlett, per bbl . 2.50

Common kinds . 2.00

Plums — State, Bradshaw, 8-lb.

basket . 10

State, Morris . 16

State, Burbank . 14

State, Abundance . 14

State, Egg . 18

State, Iteine Claude . 20

State, Geuii . 20

State, Damson . 15

State, Green Gage . 20

State, Niagara . 10

State, Lombard . 10

Peaches — Md.. Del., Va. and

W. Va., carrier . 1.00

Md., Del., Va. A W. Va., Bkt. 50

Jersey, basket . 30

Pine Island, carrier . 1.00

Pine Island, basket . 30

State, basket . 30

State 2-basket crate . 75

State. 20-lb. handle basket. . 30

Indiana, bush. basket . 1.00

Michigan, bush. -basket . 50

Grapes- — Up-river, Del., case.. 1.00

Up-river, Niagara . 90

Up-river, Moore’s Early.... 85

Up-river, Worden . 85

Up-river, Champion . 50

Del. and Md., black . 75

Del. and Md., white . 75

Huckleberries, quart. . 4

Muskmelons, Md. & Del., crate. 50

Md. and Del., basket . 25

Jersey, crate or basket . 25

Rocky Ford, Col., stand'rd cr.1.00
Rocky Ford. Col., pony crate.100
Watermelons. Southern, 100.. 3. 00
North Carolina carload. .. .75.00
VEGETABLES.

Potatoes — L. I. & Jersey, in bulk,

180 lbs . 1.50

Jersey, round, bbl . 1.37

Jersey, long, bbl . 1.25

Del. & Md., bbl . 1.25

Southern, bbl . 1.00

Sweet Potatoes — Southern, yel¬
low, bbl . 1.75

Beets — Near-by, 110 bunches.. 75
Carrots — Near-bv, 100 bunches 75

Per bbl . 1.00

Cabbage — Near-by, per 100 . .2.50

Per bbl . 75

Celery — State, dozen . 15

Jersey, dozen . 20

Michigan, dozen . 15

Cucumbers — bbl . 2.00

Cucumber Pickles — 1,000 ....1

Corn — Hackensack, 100 .

Other Jersey, 100 .

Up-river, 100 .

Cauliflowers — Long Island, bbl 1

Eggplants— Jersey, bbl .

Lettuce — State, half-bbl basket 1
Western N. Y., dozen ....

Boston, dozen .

Lima Beans — basket .

bag .

Onions — Jersey, white, half-bbl

basket. .

Connecticut, white, bbl . 2

Long Island, yellow, bbl....l
Ohio, white, bush-crate ....1
Orange Co., N. Y. white, bag.l
Orange Co., N. Y\ yellow, bagl
Orange Co., N. Y., red, bag. .1

Peppers — Jersey, bbl .

Squash — Hubbard .

Marrow .

White .

Yellow, crook-neck .

Turnips — Rutabaga. bbl . 1

Tomatoes — Upper Jersey, Acme

box .

Jersey, other kinds,

LIVE STOCK.

Upper
box. .
South
South
box. .
.Ter &

Jersey, Acme,
Jersey, other

box. . .
kinds,

@3.50
fa 3.00
@3.00
@3.25
(a 2,50
@2.50
<§ 2.50
@2.50
@2.50
(a 2.25
@2.50
@2.00
@2.00
@4.00
(a 5.25
@3.00
fa 3.00
@3.00
@3.25
@3.00
@3.50
(a 2.75

@ 18
@ 18
@ 16
@ 1 6
@ 20

@ —
@ 22
<§ 20

15

14

@2.50
@1.12
@1.25
@2.00
@1.00
@1.12
@1.25
@ 50
@1.50
@1.25
@1.50
@1.00
@ 1 .00
@1.00
@ 65
@1.00
@1.00
@ 10
@1.50
@1.00
@1.50
@3.50
@2.50
@15.00
@125.00

@1.75

@1.62

@1.50

@1.50

@1.37

@2.25
@1.00
@1.00
@1.25
@5.00
@1.00
@ 50
@ 40

fa 35
@3.00

Del.,

peach bask .
HOPS.

Choice .

Medium to prime .

Ordinary .

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring Chickens, lb .

Fowls, Western .

Roosters .

Turkeys .

Ducks, pair .

Spring, pair .

Geese, pair . 1

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, Spring, 3 a 3% lbs

each .

Spring. 4 lbs and over....

Old Western, mixed, fair

to good .

Spring Chickens. Phila. fancy.

Penna., choice to fancy.. 14’

Penna., fair to good .

Western, dry-picked, choice

to fancy .

Western, dry-picked, fair to

good .

Western, scalded, choice to

fancy .

West’n, scalded, fair to good

Southern, scalded .

Fowls, No. Ind., Ill & Iowa,

dry -picked .

So. Ind. & Ill., dry-picked. .

Other Southwestern & South¬
ern, dry-picked .

Western, scalded, med size. .

So. & Western, scalded ....

Western & So., poor to fair
Spring Ducks, Long Island &

Eastern .

Penna. & Virginia, lb .

Western .

Squabs, Prime, large, white, doz2. 50 @2.62

Mixed . 2.00 @2.15

Dark . 1.50 @1.62

60

@1.00

50

@ 75

(i0

@ 75

.50

@3.00

60

@1.00. .

.00

@1.50

30

@ 60

25

@ 50

40

@1.00

30

@ 90

50

@1.00

:.()()

@2.50

@2.00

.00

@1.12

.25

@2.00

.25

@1.75

.25

@1.50

@ 75

50

@1.00

40

@ 60

50

@ 75

50

@ 75

.00

@1.25

@ 75

@ 75

40

@ 85

25

@ 60

30

<§ 40

2 2

@ 23

19

@ 21

17

@ 18

@ 15

—

@ 13%

- -

@ 9

—

@ 13

60

@ 80

—

@ 40

.00

@1.25

—

@ 20

Y.

30

@ 35

15

@ 25

15

@ 16

18

@ 20

i%

@ 1 5 %

13

@ 14

—

@ 14

12% @ 13%

13

@ 1 3 %

12

@ 12%

11 %@ 12

13

@ —

12%@ —

12% @ —

12% @ —

12

@ —

11

@ 11%

_

@ 16%

13% @ 15%

10

@ 12

Steers .

. 3 50

..... 5 50

@5.75

@8.75

Culls .

Shpen .

@5.00
@ 5.00
@8.25

Lambs. .

.... 6 50

Hogs .

@6.70

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for car lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of potash . — @42.00

Acid phosphate . — @14.00

Kainit . — @12.00

Dried blood . — @50.00

Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots, lb — @ 6

Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb. . — @ 2%

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply an>
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

TT

Look Here
Mr. Breeder

Yon Know that a poor, stunted,
‘‘scrub’’ will never lift the scale beam to
the profit notch. You Know it’s the
thrifty, easy fattening Calf that makes
the easy fattening Steer. You Know
that good Calves come from good Cows —
Then why don’t you begin now to give a
“ constitution ’ to your breeding stock.

DR. HESS
STOCK

gives the power to
taken ; it forces into
every animal function

digest all food
healthy activity

- j - - — it makes sire and

dam large enough and vigorous enough
to “get” the kind of calves that grow and
fatten easily. It makes stock breeding
a good occupation to follow and puts
the balance on the right side of the
ledger. It is the prescription of Dr. Hess
(M. IX, D.V. S.), containing tonics for
the digestion, iron for the blood, nitrates
to expel poisonous material from the
system, laxatives to regulate the bowels.
It has the recommendation of the veter¬
inary colleges, the farm papers, is recog¬
nized as a medicinal tonic and laxative
by our own Government, and is .old on
» written guarantee at

5c. per Il>, in lOOlb.

25Slb.pa’il 81.60.

A tablespoonful per day for the average
hog. Less than a penny a day for horse,
cow or steer.

If your dealer cannot supply you, we will,

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-u-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

fpt

ana extreme
West and .South.

A DOG ON GOOD SCALE

Guaranteed 10 years. Accurate, durable, no
digging, little grading, easily moved.

Knodig Pitless Scales

cost 130 to <50 less than the old style pit scales.
Do your own weighing. It soon pays for a
Knodig. Write for a free catalogue.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

2103 Wyandotte St. Kansas City, Mo.

APPLE AND PEACH CARRIERS.

If you have fine Apples, Peaches or Tomatoes, ship
them in the South Side Farriers.

SOUTH SIDE M’F’O CO., Petersburg, Va.

WfE WANT MEN to at¬
tend State and County
Fairs this Fall and take sub¬
scriptions to The Rural New-
Yorker. We make attractive
propositions and pay liberally
for the work. Can you repre¬
sent us ?

The Rural New-Yorker,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

New York.

409 Pearl St.,

Many dips of many
names, but Pratts
Animal Dip is differ¬
ent. Positively kills
insects, heals and

disinfects.

No More Blind Horses

sore eyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn th«
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prim.

MUSHROOM BASKETS.

The Regular Standard Mushroom Baskets, Send
for catalogue and prices.

SOUTH SIUEM’F’G. CO.. Petersburg, Va.

From City to Farm.

A city bred young man, 20 years, of good family,
who has become nervous in a city office, wants to find
a place on a farm, where he can earn his board at
light work. He wants to spend a whole year in the
country, and is anxious to learn and to be employed.
He is a young man of good habits, steady and sober,
but has no experience in farm work. If you would
like to communicate with him, address, W. M., care
The Rural New-Yorker.

Experienced farmer, American, married, 38, desires
situation as foreman on farm or would run on shares.
Understands separator, incubator and useful at many
things. Strictly temperate. References. “B,” R. N.-Y

THE SCHOOL OUESTION ? h.e&

Catalogues and reliable information concerning all
schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street, New York, N. Y.

ATTENTION

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

FOR SALE— FARM OF 100 ACRES.

Two large houses — one stone, one wooden; four tene¬
ment houses; large barn, carriage house, wagonhouse,
granary and tool-house. Finest of running, never-fail¬
ing spring water at houses and barn. Fine location
for country home or summer resort. About three
miles east of the beautiful village of Brandon, Vt., on
the main road to Rochester; about five miles by road
from Lake Dunmore, or Silver Lake. For further
particulars, inquire of IRVING C. NEWTON,

Administrator. Tieonderoga, N. Y

I offer for sale the farm known as the

Joseph E. Hall Farm

located two miles from Colchester, Conn., on the
Lebanon road, long known as one of the best stock
and grain farms in the State. Said farm contains
300 acres divided as follows; 75 acres under high
state of cultivation, balance in pasture and wood
land. Modern house containing ten rooms with ell,
two bank barns, wagon house corn house and all
necessary buildings. Farm is keeping 70 head of
cattle and four horses. Inquire of W' L. HALL on
the place, or A. S. HALL, Adm., Windber, Pa.

70 DELAWARE & MARYLAND FARMS

For Sale. Circular free. W. H. Hayman, Delmar, Del.

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

The best in the State. 300 acre Stock Farm ; Dairy
Farms; Truck and Fruit Farms; all sizes. Send for
lists. A. W. DRESSER. Burlington, N. J.

FOR SALE

-A LARGE NUMBER OF
Delaware Farms, beautifully
located. Write for FREE
>gue for 1905. CHAS. M. HAMMOND, Real
Estate Broker. Milford, Del.

‘ The groves were God’s first temples.’

SEPTEMBER

IN THE

ADIRONDACKS.

No finer place in September can
be found than the Adirondacks.
The air is c ol and bracing,
the scenery beautiful, and they
can he reached in a night from
Boston, New York or Niagara
Halls. All parts of the Adiron¬
dacks are reached by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES.

A copy of No. 20 of the “Four-Track Series,”
“The Adirondacks and How to Reach
Them,” will be sent free on receipt of a 2-
eent stamp by George H. Daniels, General
Passenger Agent, New York Central R. R.,
Grand Central Station, New York.

Get it

from your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE'S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN,
CHILDREN

and MEN

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

673

WHITE CHICKS AND VERMIN.

One of our readers asks if the white breeds
of poultry are not more likely to he molested
by crows, hawks and other vermin than the
darker-colored fowls. Have you noticed any
difference in this respect?

I have never kept a white breed of fowls,
and cannot state from experience, hut it is
generally conceded by those who have that
a white fowl fs more of a mark for a hawk
than a dark-colored one, and I believe that
this is correct. A hawk often flies very high,
and it seems reasonable that a white object
could be seen more readily than other colors

Pennsylvania. john w. cox.

I never noticed any difference in white
breeds making them more liable to be caught
by hawks and crows, etc., than dark-colored
breeds. Even if they should be so I would
have them any way. What is nicer than to
have your farm dotted over with pure white
fowls? I raise about 1,000 of those a year
and never have any trouble.

Pennsylvania. jos. anthony.

It might be that the white breeds of fowls
could be seen more readily than other colors
by hawks, crows and other vermin, but do not
think the color makes any difference, as they
Would not be likely to leave a black chicken
alone any quicker than any other color. My
experience has been that they will take any
kind of chicken regardless of color.

New Jersey. n. a. mount.

Ilawks can see white chickens more easily
when running in fields among grass and weeds
than darker chicks. Crows do not bother
chickens after they get three or four weeks
old; they watch around the chicken coops
and take any color, 1 do not think anything
hut hawks would be more likely to take
white than any other color. a. S. b.

South Branch, N. J.

We cannot answer your question with any
degree of certainty, as we have had but very
little trouble with hawks, etc. Our plant is
so situated as to make it rather hard! work
for these birds to trouble us. We have had
crows take off some of our chicks, but when
a buff chick is small there is very little
difference between them and the white, so
could not say if the crows had any preference.

Connecticut. willow brook farm.

I think there is no difference as to their
selections, a chicken being a chicken, and the
one easiest to get at is the one taken. The
sight of hawks is very keen. They can even
see and catch mice running in the grass. I
think they do not catch chickens just out of
deviltry, but to satisfy their hunger. Minks
and rats kill just for the sake of the sport
more than anything else, as they will store
away the dead chickens without any attempt
at eating them, nor do they suck the blood
from hut few. I have found crows get away
with many more chickens than hawks. They
will run amongst a flock on the ground and
pick up the first chicken they come to, pick¬
ing the bones clean in some nearby tree, and
returning for another if not satisfied. To
raise poultry successfully one should make
a business of it, and be amongst the flocks
as much as possible, going over the broods
at night to see if they are being got away
with ; if so, look up the cause. An intelligent
dog of the right sort will tell at once if any
animal is near; many times I have had my
Fox terriers bring out from under clumps of
bushes, bogs and stumps, skunks, rats, minks,
weasels, cats, etc. These are natural enemies
to all poultry. f. o. groesbkck.

Elm Poultry Yards.

“With eyes as keen as a hawk” is an old
saying that indicates that a hawk is sup¬
posed to have good optics. When a chicken
comes within the range of those sharp eyes
I doubt very much If the color of its feathers
will be any protection. I have been troubled
quite a good deal in some former years by
losses from hawks and crows, but for the
past two seasons have had no trouble what¬
ever. Had I happened to change from white
to colored breeds about that time, how
natural it would he to attribute the relief to
tlie change in the color of the chicks. The
fact is, however, that we have kept right on
raising white chicks. We still have plenty of
I awks and! crows in the neighborhood. All
crows do not catch live chickens, and prob¬
ably the ones that formerly troubled us have
either died, or migrated to other sections.
Our only experience of this sort thus far
this season has been with rats. Something got
into our brooder chicks when about a month
old, and killed a few. About a dozen were
found dead one morning, bitten under the
wing mostly, and carried in a heat) in one cor¬
ner. Supposing that it was a weasel, and that
he would soon return, a man was stationed to
watch with a gun. The game bagged proved
to be a big rat. o. w. mapes.

New York.

I used to have the idea that white fowls
would suffer more than colored ones from
the depredations of vermin, making a more
conspicuous mark as they do against the
green grass, but five years’ experience with
my White Wyandottes has shown me that
there is very little truth in it. 1 usecf to
breed Black Eangshans, Plymouth Rocks.
Brown Leghorns and other colored breeds,
and though I keep many more fowls now, I
do not know that I lose any more from such

causes than I did then. When we come to
reflect that a hawk or crow has no difficulty
when circling up in the air, in seeing an
object so small and indistinct as a mouse, we
can readily see that a chick of any color
would have small chance to pass unnoticed!.

Two pairs of king-birds have nested this
year in apple trees near my henyards, ana
I have taken lively satisfaction in seeing
them tackle the hawks as fast as one appears
in the neighborhood. A hawk flies for dear
life when one of these small birds gets after
him. I expect to lose a few chicks from
foxes, hawks, weasels, etc., but I do not
think my yearly loss exceeds one and' one-
half per cent, although after June they have
free range. Prior to that time I keep all
chicks closely confined on account of the
small Pigeon hawk, which in this locality is
the most destructive enemy the poultryman
has to contend with. Strange to say, I have
never known a crow to touch my c’licks,
while three miles away — at my son-in-law’s —
crows carry off chicks right before his eyes.
One cause of my small loss is the practice
of closing all the coops and! houses at night,
and they are not let out until I am up to
feed them at six o'clock. Probably at least
two-thirds of the loss from vermin occurs
between the first faint streak of daylight and
six in the morning. If the chicks are safely
housed at (hat time, they escape.

Connecticut. geo. a. cosgiiove.

Hunting A Farm. — For a year past I have
been looking up the eastern farm question
and have been quite interested in what you
have said from time to time in The R. N.-Y.
Last October I did some looking in Logan,
Medina and Trumbull Counties. Ohio, where
I found farms held at about one-half the
prices no better farms are sold for here. One
farm of about 180 acres three miles from Me¬
dina, the county seat, was offered at $50 per
acre; 10-room house with good cellar, two
cisterns, well, corn house, barn, granary, nice
small orchard, all well tilled ; 30 acres timber
one-half mile to railroad switch, 1 V2 mile
to small railroad town; R. F. D. near; tele¬
phone in house ; trolley “stop” 50 rods from
house. This farm was under management of
owner and in good shape, producing more
net money to the acre, as shown by owner’s
books and crops on place, than farms I
know of here selling for $100 to $125 per
acre. I examined this farm carefully and
know it was as represented. I saw others
in same county about as good at same price.
There are many farms on the market that
I would not have at any price, but there are
many good ones in Ohio I am sure. I also
have lists of some four or five thousand farms
in Delaware, Maryland and Virginia ranging
in price from $350 to $80,000. Then there
are long lists of farms in New York, Maine,
Connecticut. No one needs to go west to
get a farm now. The Year Book of the De¬
partment of Agriculture shows a higher aver¬
age return in money value per acre for to
years, for corn in Virginia and Delaware than
in Illinois or Iowa. o. w. b.

I’ana, 111.

Dietz Lanterns

Do you need a lantern? Don’t make
a mistake. Just a little study is worth
while before you go to buy. The

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ

catches everybody. Its flame is strong
and steady. There are other qualities
everybody likes in a Dietz Cold Blast
lantern. It is safe and convenient,
burns long, is easily filled, is cleanly.
Whether new or old, it never leaks,
smokes, soots or smells. Ask your dealer
for a Dietz Cold Blast. If he can’t su p-
ply you, write to us. Write anyhow
for catalogue, free to all.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 LaightSt. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 18U0,

MONEY SAVED

BY BUYING THE BEST

Swing Cattle Tie

made. Thousands in use. Made to fit any stable.
Durable, convenient and cheap. Price and circular
on application. Write us to-day. Manufactured by

ROY BROTHERS, East Barnet, Vt.

El MORE EGGS

Larger, more fertile, vigorous chicks, heav¬
ier fowls, larger profits by feeding cut bone.

PMANN?^ latest model

rilftll II *3 BONE CUTTER

cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs. lOdaysfree
trial. ?,'« money in advance. Cat'igfree.

F. W.MannCo., Box 16, Milford, Mas*.

POULTRY

ooooooo

_ _ _ We keep ev

POUlT STl IN E-FenlngflSf, Tncu
bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything-
it s our business. Call or let us send yoi
our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for thi
F asking — it's worth having.

>Excelsior Wire Sc Pouftr

ftry Supply Co

W oc|ic. u.u. w> <x za vesey street. New York Ctt

oooooooooooooooooooooooc

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

5 Of. On Long or Short
Term Investments

8825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONKY received
time in the year,

5 p.

at any
yields

c. per annum for
every day we have it.

You should learn how far our
operations are removed from
any element of apeonlation.
Conservative Investors will ap¬
preciate a plan aflordlnK all the
security and profit without the
annoyance of individual mort-
KaBe loans. Write for par¬
ticulars.

Assets, . »1, 700,000
Surplus and Profits,
88160,000
Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

5 Tillies Bl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

\> hen you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

!|(M° BUYS

complete with cover.

nUROO-JERSEY PIGS and BRED SOWS.

stock eligible to registry. Write for prices,
dress, A. B. WOODHULL, Wading River, N.

0 1 P Pigs.— April and Julylfarrow. Prices reason-
• Ui able. VanDoren Bros,, Lysander, N. Y.

with cover, elbow, pipe and damper.
Kettle is polished and smooth. Jacket
made of heavy steel. Burns any kind of
fuel. Flues distribute heat all over.
Boils 60 gallons in 20 minutes. Cooks
anything. Handy for butchering and a
hundred other things on the farm.
ATUCD CI7CC 18 to 100 gallons at
UlnCR olZCg $4.30 to ti2.65. cut
this ad out and send It to ua and wa will
mall you Iroo tho largest form machine
catalog over printed. Write to-day.

90

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGE Y, Box 8, Telford,P&,

“MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan¬
dottes, R.C. Reds. McCain Co., B., Delaware, N. J

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet
D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
_ _ Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, 10. {Oakland, Cal.

ALL WE ASK

Is that you bear our claims before
buying your fall fencing. You
shall bo your own Lawyer, Judge
and Jury. We will send our Wit¬
nesses into your home in the form
of Users’ Testimony, if you will
send us your name and address.

PA«E WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.

Box 766, Adrian, Mich.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

AGENTS

WANTED to sell our #% n

For particulars write Nil ||\
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co.

18 Pymatuning St., Linesville, Pa.

Kills in half time at half cost
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30yearsold.

ARE YOU USING RUBEROID?

Ruberoltl was the first and is still the best weather-proof and elastic pre¬
pared roofing. The patented compound with which it is saturated contains no
rubber, tar or other short-lived Ingredients to melt and run in summer and
crack, dry up and become useless with age.

IUiberoid costs less than metal or shingles, yet. it can not rust nor will not
rot. It is positively air and water tight, will not ignite from sparks or burning
brands, is not injured by great heat, gives satisfactory service with little
care, and lasts for years and years.

roll Instructions’ nails- tin caps, and Ruberine Cement included free with every

CAUTION. None genuine without the word “RUBEROID” stamped on
the under side every four feet.

Write for samples and Booklet IL

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

Sole Manufacturers,

IOO William Street, New York.

PUBLIC SALE

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN CATTLE.

FIFTH PUBLIC SALE,

SYRACUSE, N. Y„ OCTOBER 25fh, 1905.

This offering of HO Head of Purebred HCELSTEIN-FKIESIAN CATTLE
will be fully up to the Standard that the Company propose to maintain.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY,

H. A. MOVER, Syracuse, N. Y. T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, N. Y.

A. A. C0RTELY0U, Neshanic, N. J. F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

STEVENS BR0S.-HASTINGS CO., Lacona, N. Y. H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, N. Y.

Catalogues will be ready to mail October 10, 1905.

S. D. W. CLEVELAND- Sales Manager- SYRACUSE N.Y.

674

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 9,

Live StockandDairy

AILING ANIMALS.

Colt Weak in Hock Joints.

I have a colt with weak hock joints. He
is just a year old and is growing very fast ;
is very large for his age considering his
breed (French Coach). lie is very slim,
long-legged, long neck ; in fact, he resembles
a mammoth greyhound. He has the run of
a clover pasture with good spring water at
night, and a roomy box stall by day; a
quart of oats at noon; is in good condition,
but not fat. About six weeks ago I no¬
ticed the swelling of the gambrel or bock
joints in the evening, as I was turning him
in pasture, but the next morning it had sub¬
sided. This continued for a week or 10 days,
and then the swelling remained, and contin¬
ued to get worse, until now he appears to
have a pair of thoroughpins and blood spav¬
ins. What can I do for it? J. l. w.

Melrose, N. Y.

I have seen the same trouble in the
same class of colts where they have had
an excess of clover or clover pasture.
Get one ounce of potassium iodide and
make 16 doses of the ounce, and give one
dose each day in the water that he drinks
in the morning after he has had his hay.
At the age of five or six years I do not
think you will know there was ever any
enlargement to speak of.

Wart on Mare .

I have a young mare that has a wart on
Inside of hind leg just above the knee. It
is small yet, but increases in size and at
times is raw and bloody. Could you tell me
how to take it off? M- L* B-

Dongola, Ill.

You should put a pair of hopples on
your mare, so that she cannot kick, and
then run a curved needle in the skin un¬
der the wart with a heavy double linen
thread and tie at each side of the wart,
and in three days remove the wart with
a pair of curved scissors. This will do
the best job, and^if cannot do it I
will advise you to take her to a competent
veterinarian. By tying a string around
the wart and tightening it every third
day you can check its growth, and it
might be that it will kill it if you will
take pains and tie quite close to the skin
each time by having some one raising the
wart when you tie it.

Nervous Indigestion in Horse.

I have a horse 12 years old, 1,400 pounds,
that is in very poor condition. He has a
good appetite. I had his teeth attended to
by a veterinary two months ago. He is fed
on dry hay and oats ; very few oats pass
through undigested, but a great deal of
water comes with every action of his bow¬
els, and sometimes when the bowels do not
act except to pass wind. 1 1 is droppings are
not soft, but a few times, and then not bad.
He is weak. lie is used in general farm
work and what necessary roading we have
to do. What is the trouble, and what treat¬
ment ? w- R-

Gateswood, Ala.

Horses are much like people; they do
not feel well at all times. 1 he chances
are that your horse has a nervous dispo¬
sition, and you have brought on a light
case of indigestion in the way you have
fed or used him, and it will take good
care and feed to restore his health. See
that his hay is of good quality and that
he is not filled full of water when you
wish to drive or work him for a few
days, and see that he has all the water
he wants after his days work is done. It
is plain to be seen that he should not do
too much hard work and very little road
work for a time.

Secondary Abscess in Horse.

My horse had what I called a light case
of strangles ; coughed, run at the nose ana
glands under jaws were quite badly swollen,
which I poulticed with flaxseed and opened
as soon as it came to head. The horse
seems to be doing all right, my man thought
he would do to drive, so one very hot day
he drove him and his mate seven or eight
miles. Within next day or two the horse
commenced breaking out, and now he is a com¬
plete blotch of scabs and pimples. I should
say he was heated, but could not be sure.
The hair is about all off him, and now does
not seem to be ^coming in very well. He

eats and feels quite well now. This com¬
menced about three weeks ago. J. R-

Schroon Lake, N. Y.

The chances are that some of the pus
got into the blood and went to all parts
of the body from the exercise, and caused
secondary abscesses. It is an occasional
sequel of strangles in the horse, and if
you can turn this horse to pasture for a
time and see he is not out in any cold
rain I think he will improve.

M. D. WII-LIAMS, IX V. S.

PUMPING WATER FROM DISTANCE.

I have a well 240 feet from house with
about 18-foot drop from spout of pump at
house to bottom of ditch at well. Can I pump
the water into the house without its being
too hard for a woman to pump?

Vermont. M. m. w.

This would be all right if the suction pipe
is laid on a gradual slope, so that there will
be no chance for air pockets, and there
should also be a foot valve placed on the end
of the pipe in the well. We think a set-
length pump would be best, as in this case
the cylinder or working part would be be¬
low the floor in the cellar, thus lessening
the vertical height the water would have to
be lifted. the deming company.

Salem, O.

With a foot valve at the bottom of the
pipe at the well, the pipe to enter the well
in a vertical position, the water can be
drawn 240 feet where the lift is not more
than 18 feet with comparative ease. The
pipe should, of course, be buried under the
ground to prevent freezing, and should enter
the well at a distance far enough from the
surface also to prevent freezing. Without
the foot valve referred to we should think
that the scheme would be impractical. There
are no other extra devices needed in connec¬
tion with the pump. field force pump co.

Elmira, N. Y.

You do not give the depth of the well. It
all depends on the elevation from the water
■ t-* Mv. location of the pump. If the elevation
is not over 20 feet from the water to the
location of the pump, it will be possible to
do this work in a satisfactory manner. It
would be advisable to place a foot valve on
the end of the pipe in the well to relieve the
pump of the back pressure of the water.
If the conditions are as we state and all pipe
joints made perfect, we believe a woman
would not experience much trouble in operat¬
ing it. F. E. MYERS & CO.

Ashland, O.

As we understand it there is only an 18-
foot lift, and if this be the case ifl can be
handled very nicely. The horizontal run
does not affect the ability of a pump to draw
water. The limit of draught of a pump is
about 30 feet from the plunger, so there is
quite a good deal to spare in the case you
cite. The pipe extending from the ditch to
the pump must be perfectly airtight. It will
take a little while to start the pump for the
first time, but if the lower valve is kept in
good shape, or a check valve is put some
place in the horizontal run, this pipe will
always be filled with water, and it will re¬
quire no priming. dayton supply co.

Dayton, O.

A Wash for Mange. — In answer to 0. F.
II., on page 627, would recommend a home
remedy for mange that has always proved
satisfactory with us, and to many of our
friends. We take equal parts lard" and tal¬
low, melt, then pour in a little carbolic acid,
a teaspoonful to half a pint of the mixture,
then stir in powdered sulphur until it be¬
gins to stir a trifle hard. The bulk of the
sulphur about equals that of the melted fat,
but practice has made it superfluous for us
to weigh the ingredients. We grease twice
a day until the trouble is cured, usually
from 10 to 14 days. We have never washed
the placed first, but should think washing
with disinfectant soapsuds would be a good
thing if the sulphur was used afterwards.
The sulphur appears to kill the parasite, and
the grease helps the hair to start. This is
a simple preparation, easy to mix, and to
apply, is cheap, and does the business.

Lacona, N. Y. h. t.

White Leghorn Egg Record. — Mrs. Wells
submits the following record made by her pul¬
lets from January 1 to July 1. 1905: Jan¬
uary, 973 eggs; February, 1311, two hens
with pullets; March. 1,607 ; April. 1,704. total.
5,595 eggs, $135.25. May. 1,525 eggs, 60
hens; June, 1.256, total, 22.781 eggs. $55.68;
total eggs, 8,376; value, $190.93. A daily rec¬
ord was kept, and same has been verified by
the writer as correct. Eggs were sold to pri¬
vate customers — none over 40 cents — -lowest
23 cents. Flock of 67 hens averaged $2.85
per hen in egg production for six months.
Grain cost 75 cents per hen ; all was bought
and no skim-milk was fed. Net profit, $2.10
per hen. They were fed only twice a day on
a mixture of several kinds of grain, and all
ran in one flock. They are purebred S. C. W.
Leghorns. The flock averaged 125 eggs per
hen for the six months. The record will be
continued, and we hope to add at least $100
to the account. Who beats this for number
of hens, eggs produced anh profit?

Greenfield, Mass. c, M. A.

A ioo lb. bag of
Pratts Food for horses,
cows, sheep and hogs
can be bought for
$ 5 .oo and a i oo lb.
sack of Pratts Poultry
Food for $9.00.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WK BUILD.

Our Tank* are tight and durable.
OurTowcra will Htand In anyatorni.

Get our references in your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and pricelist.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

A Lady can bold liim.

Sf the BEERY BIT *
rOUH BITS IN ONE

Care* Klekert, Rnn»w»y>. Pullers,
Shyers, ele. Send for Bit On Ten
Dsyt’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.q. Beery, Pleasant H1U, Ohio.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE

Registered Trade Mark _

SFAVINT CUTIE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse’’ permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Tboroughpin. Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
(tC.OO per bottle with written Kuarantee-
Send for copy, also booklet and scores of
letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealera or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

Wire
Guts

Thousands o f
horses and cat¬
tle are disabled
every year by
barbed wire. It
Is not a serious
matter where _

Bickmore’s Gall Cure

is at hand. It heals quickly and permanently.
Most efficient remedy in the world for wounds of
this character. Also for Harneaa, Collar and Sad¬
dle Calls, Scratches, Creame Heel, Creeks,
Flesh Wounds, etc. Sold everywhere by dealers.
Be sure to ask for Bickmore’s. It’s guaranteed.
Send 10 cents for trial sample.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Box 519, OLD TOWN, MAINE.

(§e Sure And WorkThe Horse-

Idr.david

ROBERTS

CATTLE
I SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours In
Calves. No. h How tomakeyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 Grand Ave.,Waukesha.Wis.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Koute 4, Fort Kecovery. O.

CAD CAT 15 -SHROPSHIRE RAM
L v) Iv. O-fV JLrJCfa (Yearling), $12.00, RAM
LAMBS, $10. Full Blood,. but not registered. Ad¬
dress, IRAH. HASBROUOK, Box 98/, Kingston, N.Y,

Registered angora goats— Pairs or
trios REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.

Write for prices and information.

MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. \.

CHOICE ANGORA GOATS

for Breeding. In lots to suit. Bucks and Does not
related. WOODS FARM, Bath, N. H.

THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS

that make a horse Wheeze,
have Thick Wind or
Choke-down, can be re¬
moved with

ABSORBINE

or any Bunch or Swelling
caused by strain or inflam¬
mation. No blister. No
hair gone and horse kept

at work. 82.00 per bottle, _ — —

delivered. Book 3-B free. ABSORBINE, JR., for
mankind, 81.00 delivered. Cures , Goitre, Tumors,
Varicose Veins, Etc. Book free. Made only by

W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,, Springfield, Mass.

^ PAVINOF f=r

CURES B

, Spavin, Ringbone. Grease
1 Heel, Sweeney, Windgall,

\ Enlargements. Curb, Galls,
I Sores. Pollevil, Scratches,
'I ShoeBoils, &c. Removes un-
f natural growths and lame¬
ness, leaving flesh smooth
\and clean. Testimonials.

CHURCH BROL, APTON, N.T.

q.00 per Box, by Mail. For Horses and Cattle.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send ns your address. We will keep
>you posted as to our sales.

F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

FOR SALE

ANGORA COATS,

BEST QUALITY. REGISTERED.

DAVID YOST,

MINE LA MOTTE, MO.

I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES-

L Males and females, of choicest breeding-for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD I) ARMS,

R. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BKOOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on

WILLOUGHBY FARM,

Q A | MALE AND FE-

PUK omLC MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan

HORNED DORSET RAMS.— One 200 lb. year-

I * inc. and a few good RAM LAMBS for sale.

ing, and a few good - - - _ — __ .

Address, W. H. STEPHENSON, Oxford, Ohio.

rice-list on application.

- - - Gettysburg, Pa.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier. 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Plttsbprg. Pa.

Regtst’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
i and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
kCollie Dogs and a variety of
■ Poultry. Come see my
"stock and make your own

. - selections. Send 2c. stamp

fancy oi hureka 13089L for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past

W. W. CHEN

erate. Write promptly.
CNEY, Manlius, New York.

OAKLAND FARM HERD

FOR l&R, “PAUL BEETS DeKOI”

Cows
bred to

r Young f Canary’s Mercedes’ Son ,
SALt I Bulls < DeKol Hengerveld Ilurke,
' Sired by ISoldene Clothilde Artis.

T. A. MITCHELL,

WEEDS PORT, N.Y.

THE STEVENS HERD

Offers young COWS and HEIFERS bred to De Kol
2d’s Butter Boy 3d, or Beryl Wayne’s Paul De Kol,

Two of the Best HOLSTEIN BULLS Living,

or to the great Imported Bull Karki, whose dam and
dam’s dam have the largest records of any cows in
Holland.

YOUNG STOCK of both sexes. Their breeding and
individuality will please you. Write or visit us.

HENRY STEVENS & SON.
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N.Y.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dams record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

J3T Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

holstein-friesians

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU. Neshanic, N. J

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A NEW RECORD!

I Applications for Registry and I O

I V £. transfer in thirty days. I w

I now offer the largest stock of nearby springers,
young milkers, service bulls, male and female calves
ever offered before; all registered and guaranteed.

Circulars sent FREE on application.
Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Oalves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

W000CREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee P61'*®'’* 1
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an oraer.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE . .

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS E. H, knapp & son, ■ fabius, n, y,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

675

FATTENING YOUNG PIGS.

It has always been my practice when
feeding for pork, not for breeding stock,
to feed ground corn and oats, three-
fourths corn, one-fourth oats, ground and
mixed into a soft mush. If pigs were to
be used for breeding stock I should give
two-thirds oats, one-third corn, ground
and mixed as above. But if feeding for
pork I would increase the corn as the pigs
grow, and add to ground corn and oats
about five per cent oil meal, and in their
drinking water I would mix shorts. I
fed a bunch of Duroc barrows last Fall
that way, and marketed, them at 8J/2
months old, and the 45 head averaged 320
pounds and topped the market when
shipped. Oats at 2(5 cents and corn at
40 is the cheapest feed if ground and fed
in a trough that the pigs cannot get in the
feed. If the feeder cannot grind then
soak for 12 hours before using; have two
barrels and put just enough in for one
day’s feed, and then it will not sour. When
feeding the first fill up the other, so that
by the time he has used the first the next
will be ready. If he follows these instruc¬
tions he will very soon have 200-pound
hogs out of Spring shotes. Potatoes at
40 cents would better be sold, for they
will not make that to feed to hogs. By
feeding this way I have produced hogs
that at 12 months would weigh 500 pounds,
but of course if I were keeping for breed¬
ing purposes I would not crowd so fast.

Iowa. K. J. HARDING.

Your correspondent does not state
whether the pigs are growthy or not.
With the feed mentioned lie can easily
make them weigh 200 at seven to eight
months of age at a minimum cost. I
would advise feeding a ration of four
parts corn, one part oats ground and
soaked 12 hours in clear water. Feed
this morning and evening, and feed dry
whole corn at the noon hour. If there
is no way to grind the oats I would not
feed them at all, as the oat hulls do the
pigs no good. If oats are not fed I would
feed the corn dry three times daily; I
never found that it paid for the trouble
soaking corn when pigs have green feed.

I would not feed the potatoes at all at
price named, but if tankage can be had
at $35 to $40 per ton would sell the pota¬
toes and buy it. Mix four parts shorts
and one part tankage in slop form, and
if skim-milk can be added so much the
better for the pig. Look carefully after
the health of the pigs, and be regular
about feeding; see that they clean up each
feed and have some appetite left. Mix
equal parts wood ashes and salt and place
in a dry place so pigs can have free ac¬
cess to it at all times. I see no reason
why these pigs fed in the way prescribed
will not net their owner a nice little profit.

A. C. LANHAM.

AYRSHIRE COWS FOR CREAM.

Is this feasible? What breed of bull would
you buy to cross on a herd of Ayrshires?
We believe Ayrshires are scarcely ever known
to have tuberculosis. Now we want to breed
on that stock for richer cream, but the bull
must be of a breed also noted for health.

New York. w. b. w.

I think that cither Guernsey or the large
breed of Jersey bull would make one of
the best cross breeds with the Ayrshire
cow. Ayrshires are large milkers, but
not as a rule rich in cream, while either
the Guernsey, Jersey or Brown Swiss are
very rich in butter fat. My choice would
be the Jersey to cross with the Ayrshire

COW. G. W. H.

This is the old question over again, try¬
ing to combine all the good points in one.
I once tried it myself, with the usual loss.
The speculative tendency of man leads him
continually to cross-breed, because occa¬
sionally a remarkable animal is produced,
but the chances are ten to one when this
scheme of combining large milk flow with
high fat content is tried that the progeticy
will give small quantities of poor milk.
If you want the richer milk exchange
cows and get one of the Channel Island
breeds, Jerseys or Guernseys, and go

ahead. Life is too short even to attempt
to put all the good qualities of our dairy
stock into one breed. h. e. cook.

If I had a herd of purebred Ayrshire
cows, and wanted richer milk suitable for
butter and cream, and wanted it to supply
a trade shortly, I would sell the Ayrshires-
and buy Guernseys or Jerseys or other
grades, and use a bull of the breed I se¬
lected. Either of these breeds will make
butter of a better texture than can be
made from the ordinary Ayrshire, or any
other breed, also of much higher color.
This is particularly true of the Guernseys.
If cream is to be sold they will give it a
color that will make it particularly sala¬
ble. These cattle have been bred for over
two centuries to produce milk containing
a high per cent of fat, and that very solid,

I believe, it will be seen, in a special pur¬
pose cow. On the other hand, the Ayr¬
shire is one of the best breeds of cows
that we have, good size and giving a large
amount of most excellent milk. If I had
such a herd, and was satisfied with them
in other respects, and simply wanted rich¬
er milk, and wanted to breed it from
those cows, I would select an Ayrshire
bull and no other, but I would get him
from a family of Ayrshires that were
noted for their butter fat (and there are
plenty such) and he an individual that
showed he was of this character. Then
I should expect improvement, and know
what I was getting. If he were to get a
Guernsey or a Jersey bull the progency
would be a lot of half bloods, neither
Ayrshire or anything else. If the ani¬
mals chanced to “nick” well he might get
some that were good milkers and giving
rich milk. Probably the result would be
a lot of cows inferior to their dams, and
what the next generation would be, the
Lord only knows. Nature docs not usually
go in two directions at the same time. A
very rich milk means a reduced quantity
and vice versa. It is one of the most
popular fallacies to cross-breed, forgetting
that the blending of two distinct strains
usually means a reversion to the original
type, or non-excellence in any direction.
It has taken generations to produce the
superior qualities of the Ayrshire or Jer¬
sey by line breeding; what folly then to
expect in nine months to get the best qual¬
ities of both in one animal. If the ques¬
tioner wants increased fat or color be¬
fore he can breed it let him get a few
Guernseys or Jerseys of a rich strain, and
that will help him in the interval.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

TROUBLE WITH THE WATER PIPE.

I think the trouble with G. F. M.’s water
pipe, page 616, is air gathering In pipe. If
special care is not used when laying the
lead pipe many slight bends up and down
are likely to be made. Each little bend
will hold an air bubble, and help slacken the
current of flow, if the flow is not swift
enough to sweep out the air. All the small
pipe aqueducts with which I am acquainted
have similar trouble when the discharge is
slow, and the water becomes warmer while
passing through the pipe than it is in the
supply source. When the temperature of
water is rising the water parts with some
of the air which it holds, and the air gathers
in minute bubbles on inside of pipe, which
bubbles gather to larger bubbles in the bends,
and the flow of water is slackened and may
entirely stop. I had just the same trouble
with my water pipe that G. F. M. complains
of. To cure it. I put a waste-off valve at
the lowest level the pipe reaches, which is
not more than 150 or 200 feet from the end
where I wished to draw the water. My pipe
is 1,700 feet long. When warm weather
comes and I am not using a targe flow
the air gathers in the pipe. Then I open
the low-down waste-off cock, and the rapid
flow sweeps out the air clean in a short
time, and for a while it is all right. There
is never trouble when the ground is as cold
as or colder than the water supply.

Massachusetts. ' si. si.

It. N. Y.— A neighbor who has had some
trouble with pipe from a pond clogging, took
off the lift pump at the house, put on a
force pump and forced the water back to the
pond. This cleared the pipe so that it ran
freely. _

Chinese Workmen. — In comment on doubt
expressed on page 540 of the issue of July 15,
as to the serviceableness of a Chinaman as
single hired man, I would like to say that a
relative in California, having a country place
within reach of San Francisco, finds a'China-
man a necessary adjunct as outdoors man.
lie has kept one or another for years back,
and finds them invaluable, willing and re
sourceful. Itather than harness up to take
trunks down to railway station Johnny will
come to the door with a hand cart — “Ah Sin
all same horse” — and convey them in that
way. In business relations in the city the
same gentleman has a high opinion of their
capacity an4 probity. r. t.

INCREASED CAPACITY
CREAM SEPARATORS

In line with its established policy of always keep¬
ing: FAR IN’ THE LEAD of all possible competition
by further improving its separators every few years,
the DE LAVAL COMPANY has just let out another
“link” of superiority, which still further widens the
gulf of practical efficiency between the DE LAVAL
and the best of imitating: cream separators.

Seemingly perfect as they have been before, the
later, 1905, DE LAVAL machines are still further
improved, run still easier, have lower-down supply
cans, and LARGELY INCREASED CAPACITIES,
all for the SAME PRICES as heretofore.

STYLE

OKI)

NEW

Humming-Bird” .

250 lbs.

300 lbs.

Daisy” ....

350

U

400

( t

Baby” No. 1

450

it

500

It

Baby” No. 2 (Iron-Stool)

600

(6

700

it

Baby” No. 2 (Solid-Frame)

600

It

700

it

Baby” No. 3

1,000

((

1,200

it

Dairy” Turbtne

1,000

it

1,200

it

Send for new Catalogue giving complete par¬
ticulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

Randolph Ot Canal Sts.,

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

Q & I I Drumm St..

SAN FRANCISCO.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning are made light
by using Loudon’s

Feed and Litter
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
through .uablings, over ewitchea and on
curved tracks. Huns easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above head.
A labor and time saver— no baru complete
* without It. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Tools. Flexible
Barn Door Hangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Louden Machinery Co.
39 Broadway,
Fairfield, Iowa.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

WnH DRILLING OR
Weil PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made! Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

Harness

W c sell custom made, oak-
tanned harness by mail. All
sty 1 es. G uaran teed to gi ve sat¬
isfaction or goods returned
at our expense and money
back. Illustrated catalogue
F and price list free.

The KING HARNESS CO.
fi Lake St.

Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

INDRURO ID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong- and Toug-h.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac ’cally Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for saur ’es. prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

aSSHBS

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.

Dept. K. Utica, N. Y.

k Maker* of Harrow* , Cultiva*
tor*, Potato Harvester*,

J£tc. A

You
can pul.
v e r 1 z e
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard >
Manure Spreader

because It has a different Beat-
er, a different Rako and Hood— ^^M
load not thrown high In air and
blown about. Spreads full width
and does not vary In width. V

Endgats Moves Away From Load. ’

One lever raises endgate and puts en¬
tire machine in operation. Non-break-
able mechanism to change feed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

R9 Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK & SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

There will be Exhibited in the Dairy Building at the
New York State Fair, a

PARSOISTS

“LOW-DOWN” MILK WAGON

If there
call and
see it.

If not
there

send tor
Catalog

PARSONS "LOW-DOWN" WAGON WORKS,

EARLVILLE, n, Y,

676

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 9, 1905.

HUMOROUS

A new gnu came into the Zoo,

And you said: “Pray, what can we do?

He will not eat meat;

So what can he eat?"

At noon t lie new gnu knew you knew.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

Automobilist : “I never trust to a
woman’s steering.” “Why not?” “Well,
you see, they’re so fond of running people
down !” — Illustrated Bits.

‘‘Jones would make an excellent detec¬
tive. He seems to know the inner history
of every family in the neighborhood.” “He
does. That’s one of the advantages of be¬
ing engaged to the operator who runs the
local telephone central.” — Brooklyn Life.

Stranger: “Is the cashier of the local
bank a tall man?” Native: “Physically
speaking, yes.” Stranger: “Physically
speaking!” Native: “Yes; otherwise he
is short — something like $50,000. That’s
why he has taken a trip abroad.” — Chicago
Daily News.

“Now, Tommie,” said the teacher, “you
know we have paper money and gold in
this country.” “Yes’m,” replied Tommie.
“Well, now, tell me, where do we go to
exchange our paper money for gold?” “To
the dentist’s, ma’am.” — Yonkers States¬
man.

“Now, in order to subtract,” explained
a teacher to a class in mathematics, “things
have to always be of the same denomina¬
tion. For instance, we couldn’t take three
apples from four pears, nor six horses
from nine dogs.” A hand went up in the
back part of the room. “Teacher,” shout¬
ed a small boy, “can’t you take four quarts
of milk from three cows?” — Punch.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOLESA L.E PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NGERS0LL, 240 Plymouth 3t„ Brooklyn, N. Y.

good incomes for all

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated 'leas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES

Most efficient and reliable
outfit on earth. Especially
designed for FARM WORK.
It£does the work of three men
at a cost of 20 cents per
day. We prove this by a free
trial. Send for particulars.

THER.M. CORNWELL CO.

444 S. Salina Street.
Syracuse, New York,

ABENAQUE K

PORTABLE and STATIONARY

When you buy an

Abenaquc Gasoline
Engine

you are protected by a
reliable guarantee and
the high quality of our
machines. *

ONE PRICE TO ALL

Write for Cata¬
log O, and learn
the extra equip¬
ment that goes
FREE with
our engines.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS,

Westminster Station, Vt.

IUBBER-TIRE TOP BUGGY $

51=

With leather - quarter top
and all up-to-date appoint¬
ments. Guaranteed 2 yrs.
gold on 30 days free trial.

This and many other bargains
fully described in our free cata¬
log. We are bona-tide manufac¬
turers, aud sell direct to you at
factory prices. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for free catalog.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14 x 8

Wagon Scales

$25

On trial. Pay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N.Y.

f*Tlre Resist!

Hex Stire

ROD FI

p »

"l* 0

C_r> , ^ -SVASv'ii

V

Resists
Fire

Samples Sent Free

TO

Make This Red-Hot Coal Test

on Rex Flintkote roofing. Fire generally spreads
because of flying sparks, embers or blazing brands
landing on shingle or tar roofs which quickly catch. This
is the common cause of most country fires, and farm
buildings not properly protected, quickly burn down. Rex
Flintkote absolutely protects the building against danger
from such sources. Without claiming it to be non-inflam¬
mable (for if lighted on the cut edge it will slowly burn), we
do claim that when laid, its fire-proof surface will give
positive protection — there being no cut edges exposed. So that

Rex Flintkote is Good Fire Insurance

It resists rain, snow, heat, cold and wear , and thoroughly
protects the stock in most extreme weather. Any careful
laborer can lay it by following the directions and using
the outfit which comes in every roll.

TRADE

f M ARK I

Our Handsome Booklet

samples and photos of Rex Flintkote farm
buildings of all kinds. Questionsgladly answered.
Beware of substitutes. “Look for the Boy” on
every roll. Write us to-day for samples.

J. A. & W. BIRD & CO.

70 India St., Boston, Mass.

The Celebrated TORNADO FEED and ENSILAGE CUTTERS

have no equal. Made in sizes to suit everybody. Excels all other makes for cutting either dry material
or ensilage. Up-to-date in every particular. Strong, durable, runs light and smooth. Furnished with
chain Carrier or Blower. Blower case made of cast
iron without seams or joints, consequently, stiff,
strong and SAFE. The TORNADO puts 20 per cent
more cut ensilage into a given space or silo than can
he done by any other make of Cutter.

Agents
Wanted

Special propositions
to good, live dealers.

Write for Catalog

w. R. HARRISON & CO., MANUFACTURERS, MASSILLON, OHIO.

FODDER

Cut to tho longth you want,
and out ovonly.

Delivered Into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The fttandard by which all other machine* ar© built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
10 to 20 tons per hour. Prices lower than any other good

machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. J t wi 11 y . .

tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called Tha Compl.ta Maonina.

Warsaw- Wilkinson Co,, 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators nnd infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle. Planing. Lath and Corn
Mills: four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog tree. We pay the freight.

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 302* Atlanta, Da.

AW MILL

THE HESSLER

Rubai. Mail Box.

Best and cheap¬
est Rural Mail
Box on the Mar¬
ket. Fully ap¬
proved by Post¬
master General.
Big profits for
agents. We want
an agent in every
town. Souvenir
Buttons free on
application. A
large, strong oox
and a small price.

H. E. Hessler Co., Factory 8, Syracuse, N.Y,

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen’s Profits. Every Cutter fully wai-
ranted, Send to-day for Free Catalogue and Prices,

BOX No. 57.

is more than saved on the first
building erected.

Working drawings and specifica¬
tions for each class of work FREE
with every outfit.

Send for Catalog to-day.

CEMENT WORKING MACHINERY CO.,

191 Lafayette Avenue,

DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and CLEANERS Saws

One* two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level pilTTCDC
Tread, PerfectGovernor, Feed & Ensilage UUI ICno
Write for catalogue.

ELLISKEYSTONEAGR’LWORKS.Pottstown.Pa

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. 8trong, safe, ©any for
horaea. Always ready. Two horac size $100.
for catalogue.

Mfg.Co. Box 1 1 . Coblesklll, N.Y.

The WAGON to BUY.

structed. Saves labor, annoy
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

Saw Mills

1 From 4 h.p. size to largest made. Favor¬
ites in every lumber district, because high-
est grade. Edgers. Trimmers, Planers, W ood
Saws, Shingle and Lath .Mills, etc. Catalog free.

Amerloan Saw Mill Machinery Co.,

610 Engineering Bldg., New York.

LUMBER AT HALF PRICE

> Bend us your Lumber Bill for our
estimate. We will SAVE you from 30*
to 60*. We bought the great BT. LOUI8
WORLD’S FAIR. Such an opportunity
may never occur again. Write us today
for our low prices and Free Catalog No.
67 on all kinds of Material. Address

Chicago House Wrecking Co., World’s Fair Grds., St. Louis

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents- Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson. Ohio.

Quaker City Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CCUT nil TDIAI Built in 8 sizes. 1 to 20
OCN I UH InlML horse power. Ball bear¬
ing, easy running. Freight paid. Send for free

tl„ i ui Otroiih On 3737 Filbert St.. Phlla. Pa.

I He A. W. otraUD uO ■ 47-49 Canal St.. Chicago, Ill

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Gutter

will prepare you a better silage and fill your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It Is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machine to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage cutter you need a
Papac. Send for catalog giving full particulars.

Papao Machine Co., Box 10, Lima, N. Y.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2903.

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 16, 1905.

WEEKLY, +1.110 PEK YEAR

SOME PROMISING NEW PLUMS.

J hese plums arc the products of an attempt to obtain
a variety having a perfectly free stone, while retaining
the fine quality of the Satsuma plum, which is said to
be unproductive if not grown near other varieties so
that the blossom may become pollinated.

As the Satsuma tree from which the seeds were
saved stands between trees of the Ogon, Burbank and

PLUM SATSULAND; NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 285.

Chabot 1 concluded that most of the seedlings grown
from those seeds would be crossed with one of those
varieties. I also pollenized a few blossoms on the same
tree with pollen from the Richland plum, a perfect free¬
stone Domestica variety, and the oval, dark-colored cling
variety which I have named Satsuland (Fig. 285) is
evidently a product of that experiment as the shape of
the fruit, the form of the stone and its long stem seem
to indicate. Although it is not a freestone I am satis¬
fied that it has a good deal of merit in the enormous
productiveness of the tree; in healthy, vigorous growth;
large size, long stem, allowing more of the fruits to swing
clear of the branches and of each other when overloaded,
so that decaying specimens do less harm and the fruit
is easier to gather with stems on if desired; tough stem
resisting rot and curculio better than many others, the
fruit being remarkably exempt from the marks of that
insect ; and the shape and color of the fruit is distinct
and attractive, being oval with no cavity at the stem
end, which is also an advantage, as no water can stand
there to cause the skin to crack in rainy weather, as is
often the case with varieties having deep set stems and
thin skins, such as the Burbank. Climax and others.
The Abundance is more free from rot mostly for this
reason. In the Burbank and other later varieties rot
starts from curculio marks near the stems, and varieties
with deep cavities afford the late brood a good position,
between the stem and the skin, in the cavity to puncture
the skin, just as they do when they crowd in between
two plums to secure the pressure needed to cut through
the skin when it has become too tough to cut it on the
open surface.

The dark fleshed freestone I have named “Satsugon,”
(Fig. 287) evidently a cross of the Satsuma and the
Ogon, combining the fine quality and dark flesh of the
former with a little of the flavor and the perfect free
stone of the latter. The tree is a healthy, vigorous,
good, upright grower, with dark green strong foliage,
and productive to a fault — bore its first crop the fourth
year from the seed, and this, its fifth year, produced a
tremendous crop — too many to secure good specimens
(Fig. 286 shows a cluster much reduced) — and the
flavor is consequently not so good as last year, when
they were considered by those who tested them of very
fine quality, and a decided acquisition on account of
being a perfect freestone. levi bell.

RYE AND VETCH FOR HAY.

In a recent number I notice the planting of rye and
vetch advised for hay. What time should they be planted,
and how much of each per acre? I have never seen the
vetch. Is it a sure crop like rye, or is it uncertain? Could
the hay be taken off in time for potatoes? We have an
acre of land in garden truck this year, and think of setting
it to strawberries in the Spring. Would it be right to sow

rye this Fall to turn under? The ground needs humus;
it gets hard unless cultivated deep and often ; and is sandy.

Ohio. h. e. c.

Winter vetch may be sown at almost any time from
early Spring until the first of September, although if
the thought is to use the crop the following season,
probably August 1 is the best period for sowing it. In
our experience on the College Farm we have found the
vetch very reliable; perhaps not quite so sure of making
a stand as rye, but much more so than Crimson clover.
Among our co-operative experimenters we have some
reports of failures. We have not always been able to
determine the cause of failure, many of the farmers not
giving close observations and making notes carefully.
Here at Ithaca we have never known the crop not to
be abundantly inoculated. It may be that in localities
where failures have been reported inoculation has not

SATSUGON PLUMS; MUCH REDUCED. Fig. 286.

taken place. It may be that in these cases the soil was
acid, which condition is objectionable to all leguminous
crops. Vetch and rye intended for hay can be cut in
June, the exact date varying with the season and the
richness of the ground. While this would be early
enough to permit of planting to potatoes according to
the calendar of some farmers, yet we do not favor late
planting of potatoes, and also the land from which the
crop of rye and vetch hay has been taken would
probably be considerably depleted in moisture unless it
happened to be a season like the present in New York,
when there seems to be no deficiency of moisture under
any conditions. Rye and rye and vetch may be sown
upon land that is intended to be set to strawberries next
year, but it would be undesirable to allow the crop to
make large growth next Spring before plowing, as an

abundant mass of strawy material turned under at this
period would shut off the moisture from below to such
an extent that the strawberries would be likely to suf¬
fer. If, however, the plowing is done quite early in the
Spring before large growth has been made, the practice
is a good one. j. l. stone.

Cornell University.

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

A Deformed Rooster.

I have a valuable White Wyandotte cockerel four months
old, and' two toes on his left foot turn out forming a regular
hook making a clubfoot, spoiling the sale of him as a number
one bird. Is there any way that it can be straightened? I
would like to hear from Mapes in regard to the matter.

South Carolina. n. p.

The only solution for this problem which occurs to
me is to detoe him. Dehorned cattle are not disqualified
from exhibition and possibly a detoed bird would stand
an equal show. I am not well enough versed in the
rules of show-birds to say as to that. Many good birds
have doubtless lost one or more toes by accident. Should
the question ever come up how could a judge determine
how the toes were lost? The accident happened in
this case before the chick got out of the shell, making
his toes crooked. 1 doubt if they can be straightened,
but they can easily be cut back and still enable him to
walk. I don’t believe the deformity can be transmitted
to his offspring or I would not advise it. In fact I don’t
advise it, I only suggest it.

Feeding Grain in Sheaf.

I wish to feed 100 hens for laying — oats and wheat to be
fed in bundle, and will soon begin to feed corn in the ear.
How many bundles per day would you deem necessary and
how much corn in the ear? How would you feed, that is,
at which meal would' you feed the different grains? They
are all Barred Rocks. There are 70 six months old. I am
now getting 30 eggs per day. I have a good, warm house
and scratching shed. f. g. h.

Elkhorn, Wis.

The oats ai d wheat fed in the bundle would be all
right, but I doubt the wisdom of trying to feed corn in
the ear. 1 don’t know that this is the best way, but if I
had the same problem I should go about it thus :

In the morning I would give them the oats on the
floor of the scratching shed; at noon wheat in the same
way ; at night shelled corn rather than corn in the ear.
How much for the ioo hens? Much depends on being

SEEDLING PLUM SATSUGON; NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 287.

able to gauge the quantity to suit the appetite. A safe
rule I believe to be not to satisfy the appetite fully dur¬
ing the day. If the appetite is to be fully satisfied at
any time it should be done just before night. Probably
four ounces each per day of grain, for good-sized Rocks,
is near the proper amount. More than half of this
should be corn. By thrashing a few average sheaves of
the oats and wheat, weighing carefully the straw and
grain, an approximate estimate can be made of the
size of bundle necessary to give a pound of cleaned

678

September 16,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

grain. Ordinary sized bundles as bound with us, yield
about four pounds of thrashed oats or wheat. On this
estimate one good bundle of oats each morning, one
bundle of wheat at noon, and a peck of shelled corn at
night would be somewhere near enough for 100 hens.

1 doubt if 100 Leghorn hens would eat that amount for
any length of time, but 1 have seen Plymouth Rocks
that would do it and more too. If you can get some
meat or animal food of some kind to add to the above
you should get eggs.

City or Country.

There comes a time in the lives of most young men
when it is “up to them” to decide whether they are to
live and work in the country or the city. Examples of
country-raised young men who long for city life are
quite common. Examples of city-bred young men who
long for country work are not so common. Here is an
extract from a letter to me from such a young man. He
is 23 years oh and asked that he might come and work
for me for his board and lodging until I thought he
could earn more :

I have always been very tonfl of domestic animals and farm
life but unfortunately have never had an opportunity of
satisfying my desire. Whenever I mentioned the matter to
anyone they simply laughed' at me and told me I must lie
foolish to think of such a thing. It was rather discourag¬
ing to hear people talking that way, hut it did not daunt me.

I don’t want you to think that because I can operate a type¬
writer I can't do anything else. I have always been accus¬
tomed to plenty of work and would have been quite happy
could I have started right in at the chicken business or
farming, but as my father needed all the money he could get,

I thought it better to get out and' earn all I could for him.
This explains why I commenced as a stenographer and type¬
writer, at which business I was able to make a pretty fair
salary and in that way helped him out considerably. Dur¬
ing all these seven years, however, I never once lost my
ambition to be in the country, in spite of all the discourag¬
ing sermons which I had heard. I even tried keeping a few
hens in our hack yard, hut when I went to business in the
morning my younger brothers and sisters didn t uo any¬
thing but feed until I returned in the evening, so I was
rather unwillingly obliged to get rid of my chickens. Be¬
sides the neighbors made several complaints to the Board
of Health. You may think when you first see me that I am
too “citified” for country work ; of course I can d'o nothing
to offset this appearance which it has taken seven years of
indoor work to acquire, but all I ask is a fair trial ; don t
count on my looks at all. I'll admit that I ve been wearing
white collars and ties all mv life, but believe me I am a
great deal more happy in a pair of overalls.

After some further correspondence I arranged to have
him come on September 1. 1 hen arose another diffi¬

culty that had been overlooked. His mother objected
so strongly to his coming to the country to learn to be a
farmer that he has given up the project for the present
rather than displease her. I have two sons of my own.
The older one when a young man was a great hand to
be studying an egg. I have seen him have a long row
of eggs in the shop, of differing ages, which he would
examine and compare with great interest as they kept
getting older, adding a fresh egg to his row each day.
When his opportunity came to go to the city, he natur¬
ally drifted into the wholesale egg business, and is
getting quite a reputation as “Mapes the Egg Man.”

The row of eggs now passing through his place of
business for examination and grading, has grown until
it literally contains millions each year. My younger
son Jesse, who has been my partner for the past four
years, always has had a great eye for the fancy points
of a hen. I have been more interested in the utility end
of the business and but little attention has been given
to the fanciers’ department. The older brother made
Jesse a tempting offer to come to the city and help him
in his business.

After things had progressed so far that the city flat
was selected, and a month’s rent for it paid in advance,
an opportunity appeared for him to rent a farm already
stocked with over a thousand head of White Leghorns
that have been bred and advertised with special refer¬
ence to their fancy points. The question was “up to
him” whether it should be city life or farm life. Partly
out of consideration for his little children he soon de¬
cided to let some one else live in the city flat, and under¬
take the farm and the fancy stock. What sort of a
lease should be drawn in such a case?

The farm contains about 40 acres of excellent land
in the Chenango River Valley, the owner's health mak¬
ing it necessary for him to take a rest. He was willing
to turn it over to a reliable young man, fully stocked
and equipped with all necessary tools, etc., including a
dairy of ten Winter milkers, for a yearly cash rental,
equal to five per cent of his investment. In this case
one man furnishes all the capital and the other all the
labor. A careful inventory is to be taken by two dis¬
interested men. of everything on the farm, taking note
of its condition, etc. The tenant is then to have full
possession and use. just as though he is the owner.

At the end of the year or term of years, the same
two men arc to inventory the property, the tenant to be
paid the difference in case it has appreciated, and the
landlord in case it has depreciated. Under this plan a
young man can have a full opportunity to see what he
can do at running a farm, provided the owner can be
found who will place enough confidence in him to

entrust the property in his hands, without investing any
of his own money.

In this case only one horse, harness and buggy are to
be furnished by the tenant. Whether or not the choice
between city or country was a wise one remains to be
seen. Many of these fancy birds arc valued at $5 to
$10 each by the owner. One cock has been recently sold
for $100. If the tenant can sell any at such prices he
has the privilege of raising others equally as good and
replacing them. Seizing opportunities is an important

PLUMBING TRAP FOR SINK. Fig. 288.

See Page 081.

part of our lines. Young men, and older ones too,
should always remember that to-day’s opportunities
cannot be seized to-morrow. 0. w. mapes.

BIG STORIES MADE SMALLER.

[Under this head’ we hope, from time to time to follow
down some of the great and plausible stories which appear
in the newspapers and which often deceive farmers.]

The enclosed clipping is of great interest to farmers
in this county and right in this locality, as this is a
"pine stump” country for all that the term can imply.
If such a concern as the one mentioned could be induced
to locate here it would be a boon for the farmers and
the business for the company would be immense besides.
Do you know anything of this concern or their address 1
We would like to be put into communication with them.

Mecoster, Mich. F. p. w.

The clipping follows : —

All the region about the head of Lake Superior is or was
covered with pine timber, and when this was cut 1 lie stumps
have remained on the ground. Pine stumps do not rot as
do those of hardwoods, and’ the presence of these stumps
lias been a serious obstacle to the spread of farming in the
region. And now comes the pine-tar company and offers to
clear a farm of all its old stumps, or to pay the owner three
dollars for every cord of them he will pull himself. For
farmers throughout thousands of acres this is an inestimable
boon, and it will open hundreds of thousand's more acres
as fast as the stumps are got out. The company has in¬
vented. or applied existing processes of destructive distilla¬
tion of wood to the pine stumps, and is securing a combined
product of great value. There is a large amount of turpen¬
tine in these dry stumps, a high grade of lubricating oil. a
good amount of tar. and finally excellent charcoal. The dis¬
covery that lubricating oil was to be secured from stumps by
carrying the distilled product to its last analysis is nnite
new, and no machines for producing this have yet been in¬
stalled. hut they are to he placed at once in the company's
plant, thus enlarging its facilities.

It is easy to see how such a scheme would interest
farmers in a pine stump section. At $3 a cord a -farmer
could get from an acre several times the value of bis
land ! So far as we can learn there is nothing in the
scheme. Some chemist seems to have stated that those

A FAMILY OF RENT PAYERS. Fig. 289.

pine stumps contain oil and turpentine. He might also
have said that the air contains nitrogen. To organize
a company which will pay $3 a cord for pine stumps is
about as sensible as to offer to buy the air which rests
upon a farm in order to extract nitrogen from it. Very
likely the stumps would yield a salable product, but no
company can afford to clear a farm for the value of the
stumps. What a chance this would be for one of the
frauds who make money by selling stock. I le could
offer $3 a cord for the stumps and make a condition
that the farmer buy stock in the company. That farmer
would soon be “up a stump.”

The following statement appears in many of the

papers. Rev. Dr. James W. Lee visited Luther Bur¬
bank’s place in California and in a recent sermon on the
treatment of children is reported : —

Dr. Lee inspected the work Burbank is doing with plant
life and he says that, he saw a plant upon ’which tomatoes
were growing at the top and Irish potatoes at the bottom.
This has been accomplished by interbreeding the wild potato
with the tomato, and regular Irish potato.

This is a fair sample of the stuff that is printed about
Burbank’s work. At least a dozen years ago we de¬
scribed a plant which we saw growing at Cornell Uni¬
versity. This had tomatoes growing above ground while
tubers were forming at the roots. This was no more
the result of “inter-breeding” than a wooden fence with
an iron top would be the result of breeding a steel rail
and a chestnut tree. The plant resulted from grafting.
The top of a tomato plant was grafted upon the stem
of a potato. The two plants are related and such
grafting is possible and often done as a novelty. Such
a plant was once exhibited at a county fair and “fakers”
even sold seeds which were guaranteed to produce it.

This extravagant advertising must be a great annoy¬
ance to Mr. Burbank. He is by nature a very modest
and retiring man with a small personal estimate of the
value of his own work. It evidently grieves him to have
his name constantly paraded before the public in this
way. He would much prefer to continue his work
quietly — away from the public gaze. It is unfortunate
that a man so constituted should be forced into public
notoriety. _

THE MANURE SPREADER IN SNOW.

Another machine to which many dairy farmers are
giving thoughtful consideration is the manure spreader.
Many would invest in the machine quickly were it not
for one drawback, but that appears to be a serious one.
We are fast coming to the conclusion that manure
should be hauled daily and spread as made, in order to
get the best results from it, and and at the same time
keep the stable clean and save labor of rehandling. Will
a manure spreader work well in snow, that is, if it is
more than six inches deep? The greater portion of
the manure is made while the snow is on the ground.
Such problems as these we want pretty thoroughly
solved by experience. I have seen in northern Ver¬
mont a great many spreaders, and there they have
snows that can discount ours at a high rate. In their
case they do not not attempt to haul manure till Spring.
I have been advised to try the same plan, but that
is bad advice. The manure should go out daily. This
plan saves the manure, aids in making better milk, and
saves a lot of labor when labor needs saving. Crops
can be put in earlier if the manure is all out when
Spring opens. We certainly want the spreader, how¬
ever, if we can use it. h. h. lyon.

VENTILATION AND DAIRY PROBLEMS.

Will you inform me how properly to ventilate my cow
stables at small cost. The ceilings are hut seven feet high,
and as we house 30 head I know more fresh air is needed.
The fear that the water buckets will freeze prevents win¬
dows directly behind cattle from being partially open. Coun¬
try people, more than cityites, fail to realize value of fresh
air. The cow manure at our barns (in Orange County, N. Y. 1
is dumped out behind the barn, on the side hill. The sed'i
ment (my language is not technical) seems to and does
wash away and run down hill and is lost. Is that right? I
can’t help thinking no. Why can't I build a retaining wall
in the form of a large and d’eep pit and save that fluid? At
the present time what percentage is wasted'? I want to
use brewery grains this Winter, but am told New York
health officials may object to milk fed on them. They won't
dare curtail revenue of breweries, will they? Are grains
wholesome and advisable? h. m. g.

To secure ventilation you must provide insulation;
that is, the ceiling must be tight and all openings for
use be made to close. The side walls should have two
dead-air spaces, or one space stuffed with a dry, non¬
conducting material, like straw or dry shavings ; then
put on double or storm windows. You are now pro¬
vided with a surface that will not be affected by the
low temperatures outside, and hence condensation will
not take place. Now build one or two flues from floor
of stable to a point higher than ridge of barn, having a
square foot of area to each six cows. Put an opening
near the ceiling, nearly as large as the opening in the
bottom, and arranged to open and close at will. Use
the lower opening cold days, the upper warm days.
Put in small flues four to six inches in diameter, tak¬
ing air down at least five feet below the ceiling, and
letting it in just under ceiling; put these on all four
sides of the room, and your system is complete. For a
more detailed statement get Cornell Reading Course
Bulletin No. 23, “Stable Sanitation.” The first opera¬
tion for saving the manure will be a cement floor, and
an opportunity some way to handle the manure liquids
and solids directly from stable to field. In my judg¬
ment it will not pay to build vaults or retaining walls.
Use absorbents in the gutter, and let nature in the
field act as her own retaining wall. No one knows just
how much you are losing. Carefully conducted experi
ments show losses from 10 to 50 per cent, according
to conditions. A chemist only could determine. I
would not bother with percentages. Stop the whole
scheme and save practically all of it. I am not sure
whether the questioner means wet or dry brewer’s
grains. If the first, they are all right if sweet. The
dry grains are now with modern drying methods uni¬
formly good. H. E. COOK.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

679

CLOVER IN WHEAT STUBBLE.

I note what Mr. Van Alstyne says about cutting
clover in wheat stubble in R. N.-Y. August 26. All over
southern Ohio this year where clover will grow, and the
seed was sown, and many places where it was not ex¬
pected, there is a wonderful growth of clover. And
there is not an acre of it but that would be the better
next year if it was clipped. Much of this will go to
seed, and as a result, die, because it has accomplished its
purpose. This going to seed and dying is in many cases
the true solution for clover smothering and dying. While
now everyone is proud of the clover stand, many will
be disappointed next season on account of thin stand,
and be at loss to know why it is so, simply because they
do not understand the crop, and fail to give it proper
treatment.

The first year after the wheat is off, the clover should
not be allowed to go to seed. Clipping with a mower is
much better than pasturing to secure the desired end.
Pasturing is allowable in seasons of rank growth like
the present in this part of Ohio. But when the season
is dry, clipping will keep down the weeds, and give the
clover the best possible chance to get a strong hold
against the adverse times that come to it during the
Winter. Weeds cut down and lying on the ground are
a much better protection for the plants during Winter
than they can possibly be standing, and, besides this,
what a pleasure next year at hay-making time, to have
no hard weeds to cut, and gather up with the hay.

Ross Co., Ohio. John m. jamison.

GRADING AND PACKING RAW FURS.

There is no occupation (with the exception of farm¬
ing) in which so many men and boys are engaged during
the Winter months as in trapping fur¬
bearing animals. Besides the hard work
connected with trapping, the trapper
often has a much harder time in dis¬
posing of his collection at satisfactory-
prices. Pie is often misled by the ex¬
treme high prices which several unscru¬
pulous dealers send broadcast through¬
out the country, so that when he re¬
ceives his returns he gets about one-
half what he would have received had
lie shipped to a house that quoted the
market as it really was.

Let us consider the question of grad¬
ing furs as they should be when they are
prime and well furred. Nearly every¬
one is aware that the value of a skunk
skin is determined by the length and
breadth of the white stripe which ex¬
tends down its back. A skin on which
the stripe extends five inches provided
it is narrow should be graded as a No.

I along with those which have only a
white spot on the head. A narrow stripe
which extends to within three or four
inches of the tail should be classed as a
No. 2; a full narrow stripe as a No.

3, and broad stripes and whites as
No. 4. A number of trappers pay too
little attention to the width of stripe when shipping and
are often dissatisfied with returns, while in reality the
dealer gave a square assort.

Minks are graded according to color and it no doubt
often surprises the shipper when he receives his re¬
turns to find that his small dark skin brought more
than his large pale one. A mink that will measure 28
to 30 inches from tip to tip, prime and well furred,
should be graded as No. i large, but it should meas¬
ure about 3 x/z to four inches wide at tail and two at
head on flesh side ; medium, from 20 inches up accord¬
ing to width.

Foxes are graded according to size and quality of fur;
some houses also make a distinction in color, which is
nothing less than robbery, for the majority of fox skins
are dyed. Raccoons are graded about the same as
foxes with tin- exception that the extra dark and black
are worth more than the ordinary, about twice as much.

The muskrat is more easily graded than any other of
our more common furs because a Fall rat will always
have a dark streak down its back; Winter rats are part¬
ly clear, while Spring rats are entirely so, consequently
a glance shows how to rssort them. They should al¬
ways be left flesh side out. Last, but not least of our
most common furs, comes that rat-tailed individual, the
opossum. There is something strange about it, but
an opossum will often look entirely prime on the flesh
side while there will be scarcely any fur on it whatever.
So be careful and look over your opossums before
shipping. They are generally assorted into four grades
although some houses make more. T very seldom get
any of them through this section any more, but they
are still to be found in abundance throughout the
West and South.

As regards the packing of furs there is no universal
rule. But every shipper should endeavor to pack his

collection in the best possible manner, for although it
may not be universally known proper packing has much
to do with realizing good prices. Furs should be packed
flat if possible and left full length and should be left
flesh side out as they will present a much better appear¬
ance when opened up. I get a lot of shipments that
have simply been thrown in a bag and often 1 have to
restretch a number of the skins, but if I attempted to
cut that shipper on assort he would call me a swindler.

Orange Co., N. Y. jas. p. elus.

FURTHER REMARKS ABOUT ALFALFA.

As to the remarks on page 631, neither inoculation
by soil, nor inoculation by “nitro-culture” will cover a
thinly-seeded field with Alfalfa. It is pretty evident
that good seeding and good feeding and good weeding
(or killing of weeds) will enable Alfalfa to grow with¬
out the help of bacteria. This fact was learned at a
cost of $1,500 and years of experimenting by a man
who cut last year from a little over two acres, more
than 13 tons of Alfalfa weighed when ready for the
barn. He left uncut a later growth of 20 inches, at
least two tons. In the face of this success, he im¬
ported a ton of Alfalfa soil for a new sowing of 10
acres. The essential fact is said to be that the nitrogen
in that 13 tons came from his own pocketbook and that
the nitrogen in the yield from that 10-acre field
will come largely from the air. If one plant thrives and
another is starved out by weeds, the two being less than
two feet apart and fed alike, one inoculated and the
other not, what is the lesson to be derived therefrom?
If two fields will do equally well, one inoculated and the
other not, the lesson of the two plants should not be
disregarded. Before one decides that soil is not inocu¬
lated he should soak the soil about a plant with gallons

ters and one Summer. No other kind of treatment
ever brought us a satisfactory germination. It may
seem a long time to wait two years for the seeds to
germinate, but this long time ceases to be a factor when
we consider that we can, as a rule, stratify every Fall,
thereby insuring the possibility of getting a crop of
young seedlings every year. robt. e. Eastman.

Kansas Agricultural College.

IT PAYS TO BE SURE.

In celery growing great care is needed to get the
best varieties for either Summer or Winter use, and
not to confound the Winter and Summer kinds. The
Summer kinds are not well adapted to Winter, and the
Winter kinds cannot be bleached for use in Summer.
One Florida celery grower lost $10,000 on one year's
crop by a single blunder of that kind. In Florida the
only varieties of celery that can be used successfully are
the Summer kinds that can be bleached between foot¬
wide boards on each side of the large and growing
plants in the row. He had been growing S'/t acres of
celery that netted him $1,500 per acre. Among these
plants he discovered some either a sport or a different
variety, which grew larger and handsomer than the
rest of the field. It also bleached nicely between the
boards and was more crisp, and nutty to eat. He was
anxious to learn what kind it was, and wrote to his
seedsmen (probably in some northern city; he did not
tell me who) and described the appearance of this
new and better kind of celery. His seedsman replied
that he thought it must be Giant Pascal, one of our
best northern Winter varieties. If that was Giant Pas¬
cal he wanted to plant nothing but Giant Pascal, and
did so. It takes 35.000 feet of boards to bleach a
single acre of celery (if all is bleached at one time).

The lumber man sold him the boards on
credit and drew them to his field. In the
Fall he had to go and draw the boards
home again to get his pay. The grower
could not bleach a single bunch of those
eight or more acres of celery that should
have netted at least $10,000.

Had he sent by express a bunch of the
green growing plant to his seedsman at a
cost perhaps of $5 or spent $500 in going
himself, until he found out what the
name of the variety was, he would have
made a grand strike. Acting upon one’s
lack of information, anywhere, but espe¬
cially in costly vegetable growing, is pay¬
ing most too high for tuition. r.

GETTING STOVEWOOD ON CALIFORNIA FARM. Fig. 290. See page 681.

of water and remove the plant with the utmost care. I
find the tubercles in clusters and very slightly attached
to the rootlets. I am advised that this is an abnormal
condition due to heavy soil. w. w. swett.

New Jersey.

STARTING TREE SEEDS IN KANSAS.

I notice in The R. N.-Y. a request by a Kansas
reader, inquiring about methods of treating certain
conifer tree seeds in order to cause them to germinate.
Our common Red cedar was mentioned, and I thought
it might be of interest to your readers to know how we
treated the seed here at this station and secured a high
percentage of germination. In the month of November,
1903, I stratified some of the seeds in moist sand, just
as they were gathered from the trees. The box in
which the seeds were stratified was buried in moist
earth and covered about six inches deep. The seeds
remained in this position and condition during the Win¬
ter, and in the Spring of 1904 the box was lowered so
that it was covered about 18 inches. Before the ground
froze in the Fall of that same year, the box was raised
to within a few inches of the surface, and allowed to
remain there during the Winter of 1904 and 1905. In
early Spring, following the Winter, the seeds were ex¬
amined and to our most agreeable surprise many of
them had already germinated. The box was taken up
immediately, the seed separated from the sand, and
sown rather thickly in shallow broad rows. The seed
bed was then covered with a thin layer of old leaves.
In a short time thereafter hundreds of little seedlings
had pushed through the soil covering and the leaves.
Probably as high as 75 per cent germination was se¬
cured. Some were lost by the damping-off fungus, but
otherwise a remarkable and satisfactory growth has
been made. These seeds were in stratification two Win-

GRANGE IN SMALL PLACES.

I am coming to feel confident that the
Grange, when located in purely rural sec¬
tions, away from the influence even of
small towns, is performing a certain func¬
tion generally undertaken and expected of
the church. Our own local Grange has a
very liberal flow of young blood. It is
the custom, or fashion, as one sees fit to
call it, for both the children to look for¬
ward to the requisite age, 14, and for par¬
ents to have the same desire to see them inside the
gates. Here they are held to a dignified respect
and consideration for the very fundamentals that
underlie good government, viz., respect for the
opinions of others, full and free discussion for the
questions that arise and quietly to abide a majority
decision. Here are discussed questions that affect al¬
most every phase of country and often of city life, with
that naturally unbiased frame of mind born of country
life. When one can count 20 out of an attendance of
80 who are under age. which was the case at the last
meeting, it surely augurs for a Christian uplift in that
community. In judging ethical and moral questions,
much depends upon one point of view. Would it be
better if the church could do this same work? Yes.
perhaps, but better done through the Grange than not
at all. I have not so much to say when the meeting
place is located in town. My observation leads me to
say that the Grange is not living up to its full useful¬
ness when the hall is located in a village. Here may
be found other attractions, without saying they are
good or bad, that keep these young people away, saying
nothing about the older ones. I would, if possible,
when locating Granges fix their meeting place outside
the towns. I know the busy business farmer feels that
he can attend Grange and do the town shopping on the
same day. He succeeds in doing the shopping, and the
young people keep away. The small center where the
Grange is the full power, not influenced by other busi¬
nesses, is the place to locate Granges and build halls.

H. e. c.

R. N.-Y. — The Grange has become as permanent a
fixture in many small communities as the blacksmith
shop. Among other valuable feat -res it strongly em¬
phasizes the need of sincerity in home life and dealings
with others, an element of which there is no current
surplus.

68o

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 16,

FARMERS ’ CLUB

[Every query must he accompanied by
tbe name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our jadvertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

MOWING BLIGHTED POTATO VINES

J. 1<\ T., Patton, Pa. — There is every indi¬
cation that the potato crop in this section will
be greatly reduced by the rot following
blight. I have- a field of Carman No. 3 that
I am spraying with Bordeaux the fourth
time. The blight is however making its ap¬
pearance. Have you had any experience in
cutting off the vines to prevent the conse¬
quent rot?

If J. F. T. were to mow off the tops
of the potato vine with the idea of re¬
moving the parts of the plant now affect¬
ed with blight and expecting that the
new growth would appear and be pro¬
tected by spraying, it is certain that he
would be disappointed with the operation.
The new growth that would appear
would be very small and not live very
long. In removing the portions of the
vine that are now affected with blight
enough of the spores of the blight would
be scattered over the ground to cause the
rot of many of the tubers provided the
weather conditions were such as to favor
the development of the rot; that is if
there was rain enough to wash the spores
down to the tubers. If the weather is dry
there will not be this danger of loss from
rot. The effect of pruning potato tops
was worked out experimentally by Prof.
Jones of the Vermont Experiment Sta¬
tion several years ago and his results
show that the operation caused a loss of
at least one-third of the crop.

H. J. EUSTACE.

N. Y. Experiment Station.

From my experience I would advise
not to cut off the tops. Serious reduc¬
tion of yield would certainly follow and it
is doubtful whether there would be any
less rot. We tried the experiment of top
pruning potatoes at this Station as fol¬
lows : variety. Green Mountain, planted
May 19 on good soil ; tops cut back one-
half on alternate rows August 12; effect
was to reduce yield by one-third (clipped
plants yielding 152 lbs., not clipped 221
lbs.) Experiments repeated various sea¬
sons have shown us that with potatoes
like the above, the tuber growth is more
rapid during the last half of August than
at any other time in the season, and this
growth is checked the instant the tops
are removed. On the average with late
varieties we find that fully one-half our
crop is formed after the 20th of August ;
the loss from top pruning therefore would
be far greater than any probable loss from
rot. Moreover, since you say that the
blight is already well started, it is prob¬
able that the ground is well seeded with
the spores which cause the rot, so you
would not lessen the rot by removing the
tops at this time. We have in our ex¬
periments had abundant evidence that the
affection of the tubers which leads to rot
occurs soon after blight appears on the
top. We have also found that in case
the tops are blighting, it is much better
not to dig the tubers until some time after
the tops are dead. Our general advice is
that the tubers be not disturbed until, at
least, two weeks after the last tops are
dead. * l. r. jones.

Vermont Station.

Applts for Maine.

I. L. IF., Gardiner, Maine. — 1 send you a
list of apples which I have arranged as to
hardiness but I would ask you to correct
the list where I have made errors. I will
begin with the tenderest, which is Baldwin,
Gravenstein, R. I. Greening, Koxbury, Rus¬
sell, Wagener, Stark, McIntosh, Bellflower,
Spy, Arctic, Ben Davis, Wealthy.

Ans. — Of the varieties named all are
reasonably hardy in Kennebec County, al¬
though both Baldwin and Gravenstein suf¬
fered some during the past very severe
Winter. Of the others there need be no
fear as to hardiness. For commercial pur¬
poses, however, the list given is too long

for any Maine orchard. As a rule Bald¬
win top-worked upon Tolman, Spy or
Pewaukee may be regarded as the best
commercial variety for Kennebec County.
Wagener is a very good apple if it is suf¬
ficiently thinned upon the tree, but this is a
very profuse bearer, and if allowed to
grow without thinning the fruit is likely
to he small and the trees may be checked
or stunted. Stark is being planted quite
largely but is defective in color, although
the tree is very vigorous and productive
and is an excellent stock for top-working.
Bellflower is being planted extensively at
the present time. Its color is objection¬
able. Arctic is a particularly vigorous
sort, but it is not needed where the Bald¬
win will thrive. Wealthy is excellent as
a filler, as it comes into bearing very
early, but like the Wagener is likely to
overbear. w. m. munson.

Bermuda Onions in Florida.

How much seed of Bermuda onion should
be used to produce sufficient sets to cover an
acre? How should the seed be sown and
cared for, how large should the sets be be¬
fore they are transplanted?

Ans. — Ordinarily four pounds of good
seed properly sown will plant an acre.
However, unless conditions are right, 1
should plant five or six, much depending on
germinating qualities of seed and weather
conditions. Sow on old land that is clear
of weed seed, Velvet bean land preferred,
in drills three inches wide, covering one-
half inch deep and keep moist at all times.
We plant seed in October and plant out
sets when the size of slate pencils or
slightly smaller, three or four inches apart,
on hummock land, and somewhat closer
on everglade muck, as they are apt to grow
too large on the latter unless crowded.
They will split badly when grown too
large, which makes them unsightly and
tends to rot them also, as they bruise much
more when large or overgrown. We use
fertilizer, one ton or V/2 ton per acre,
about one-half of this being put on the
land a week before planting sets and
worked in shallow, the remainder in two
or three later applications, always work¬
ing shallow and not towards onions.
With plenty of rain they will produce 500
or 600 bushels per acre by March follow¬
ing. In case surface irrigation is prac¬
ticed plant in double rows 12 inches apart
and 30 inches or 36 apart to run water
through and slightly elevate these dou¬
ble rows to confine water. I might add
that Bermuda onion growing is still in
its infancy in this country, and the above
is gained from a rather limited five years’
experience. Be sure to get genuine Ber¬
muda seed grown on the Island of Tene-
riffe, and preferably the strain known as
Crvstal Wax. Walter waldin.

Florida.

WANT TO KNOW.

Questions About Water Pipe.

I would like to know whether any of your
readers have had the same experience that I
have with water, and if they have solved the
problem satisfactorily. My water comes from
a spring 50 or 60 rods through logs, down
hill, through a hollow and up hill to the
buildings, which are quite a litle lower than
spring: these logs are a great nuisance, rot¬
ting out and springing a leak at any and all
times. Galvanized iron pipe (of which I have
a piece) will fill up in a few years with a red
rusty looking substance, and has to be taken
up. After drying it can be loosened and so
got out by pounding pipe with a hammer.
Would lead pipe fill up, and would it be safe
to use? I have an overflow at barn, and the
water runs all the time, but only a small
stream. Of course pipe through the hollow
would be full all the time. e. w. m.

Wadham's Mills, N. Y.

New Fall Catalogue

NOW READY

containing full and accurate de¬
scriptions of the BEST NOVEL¬
TIES and IMPORTANT SPECIA L-
TIES (both Fruit and Ornamental)
for FALL PLANTING, together
with a beautiful colored plate of
Hardy Pnlox. This pamphlet fur¬
nishes information indispensable
to planters, and will be mailed
free on application.

ELLWANGER & BARKY
Nurserymen-Horticulturists
Mount Hope Nurseries n , , „

Drawer F Rochester, N. Y.

Jones Wheats Lead

New Wheat Mammoth Amber Giant of the Wheat
Field. Wheat that will lead in all sections when
known. Also Silver Sheaf Longberry Red. Send
for description to

JONES THE WHEAT GROWER Le Roy, N. Y.

S

EED WHEA

T

jFultzo Mediterranean, Fulcaster, Dietz
and Jones’ Longberry, Also Mammoth
White Winter Rye. Write for prices and our new
circular NOW.

HOLMES SEED CO., Harrisburg, Fean.

We have been a Mail Order
House for 90 Years.

Our Catalogue Saves Your Money.
20,000 Money Saving Bargains.

DEALERS IN RELIABLE
MERCHANDISE ONLY.

This Month

Onljfj . ,

We are located in tbe commercial
center of America, where we can buy
and sell to better advantage
and where freight and ex¬
press rates are lower than
any other city in the country

This is the
handiest small
thing in the
world, ready for every
emergency. Contains
the following; Pocket Knife,
Leather Punch, Swedging Awl,
Wire Cutter, Wire Pliers, Alligator
Wrench, Hoof Hook, Screw Driver
and Screw Bit; all drop forged, and
fully warranted in every detail.

Cuts off barb wire as easily as an
ordinary 8-inch plier, and gives
entire satisfaction in handling and
cutting fence wire, baling and bind¬
ing wire, harness rivets, and many
other uses too numerous to mention.
Is invaluable to Farmers and Horse¬
men. Length only 4Vinc.h.

As the result of getting a quantity of
these from the manufacturer, we are
able to offer this knife at the remark¬
ably low price of 85c. postage paid.

White, Van Glahn & Go.,

No. 15 Chatham Sq., N. Y. City.

Established 1816.

OIDESTMM OMR
HOUSE IN AMERICA

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

.JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown.N. ,J.

FOR SALES

SEED WHEAT, HARVEST

_ _ ; immense yielder, $1 per bush.

Also, SHEPHERD PUPPIES, males, $4.00; females.
$2.00. Good ones. A. W. GRAHAM, Castile, N. Y,

A I |T— Crimson Clover Seed,
I O La E. $5.50 per bushel; Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

FOR SALE.— Thirty bushels Winter Wheat. Will
sell in small lots; $2 per bushel. Apply OASIS
FARM, Harrison, N. Y. Charles Furthmann, Prop.

CHOICE SEED RYE.

Our SEED RYE is grown on sandy soil and produces
heavy crops when sown on loam. 85 cents per bushel.
Sample on application.

EDWARD RIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J.

BEFORE orrn VA/UEAT write me for prices,
BUYING OLCU TlilLnl stating how much you
will use. Booklet free. Samples for stamp. Four hardy
and prolific varieties. Clean and graded. Moderate
prices. A, H. Hoffman. Bamford, Lancaster Co., Pa.

MAMMOTH WHITE WINTER RYE.

Heavy yielder and large straw ; clean and graded.
Price. $1 per bushel. Bags free.

PETER D. HULST, Billings, Dutchess County, N.Y,

DANSY Mine. Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
* White Welsh Onion: all kinds of seeds for florists
and market gardeners. BEAULIEU.Woodhaven, N.Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

For Fall Planting

Our Descriptive Catalogue is now ready
and will he mailed free on application. It
is beautifully illustrated and contains full
cultural directions and a most complete
collection of all the newest and best sorts.

Hyacinths

Tulips

Daffodils Lilies

t • including a magnificent collection of

J OSes t*ic ncwc?t and most beautiful varieties
of the Japanese Iris

Crocuses Freesias
Lily-of-the- Valley, Etc.

Send for our catalogue. We are the largest
and oldest bulb importers in America.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

36 Cortlandt Street, New York |

ESTABLISHED 1802

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN. j

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A PPT FS
have paid well this season. We Li-1 J.
have a fine stock of botli : also a full lino of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

fircr JInlf n Century of Fair Denting

has Riven our products that prominence
which merit deserves. We still offer
everything of the best for Orchard,
Vineyard, l.invn, Park, Street, Garden
and Greenhouse. Catalogue No.

1 free to purchasers of Fruit
and Ornamentul Trees. No. 3
free to buyers of Holland und
other Bulbs, Hardy Plants
and Vines, Roses, Ferns, Palms and
Greenhouse Goods in general. Try

_ us; will give you a square deal nnd

guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited.
52 vears; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.
Box 14 PAINESVILLE, OHIO

100

STRAWBERRY PLANTS for $1. Guarantee
full crop 1906. Plant now. List FREE.
KEVITT PLANT FARM, Athenia, N. J,

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and hear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin AVahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N, Y.

'IT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
V pution to planters. — Stark Bro’s. Louisiana, Mo.

TD C C 0 $5 PER l0°, FREIGHT PAID Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated,

K F ^ All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
| ^ La Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

TREES FOR DEALERS AND AGENTS

Orders filled and packed ready for delivery for Dealers and Agents; splendid facilities; quick execution;
best prices; best stock and best treatment. Correspondence solicited.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE will save you money.

Fre^^tr^caJe^^Ne^^m^hoic^Varieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries

MYER <& SON, BridgeviUe, Del.

HAIRY VETCH.

Bushel, 60 pounds, $6 ;
Two bushels, $10.

ROGERS ON THE HILL,

DANSVILLE, N. Y.

THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF TREES
SAFE TREES AND THE OTHER KIND.

THERE ARE TWO

HERE IS ONE WAY :

“ I have been growing the Northern Spy Apple in
nursery for 33 years. We are still using cions from
the same stock and have never made any change in
cions during that time. We have never cut any cions
from bearing trees. ”— F. om one of the largest growers
in the Genesee Valley, New York.

Wliioli

WAYS OF GROWING TREES,

THE OTHER WAY

Is the safe way, OUR WAY. Our new Tree Breeder
tells about our plan of breeding and selection.

and SWF$TY"8PeCial service»” Phonal attention

ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N.Y

You Prefer ?

ROGERS TREES ARE SAFE TREEST

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

STOVE WOOD IN CALIFORNIA.

The picture on page 679 shows one
method of getting out stove wood in Cali¬
fornia. As will be seen, the tree is a
big one and worked up on the spot more
easily than hauled to the house, especially
in a country where there is no snow for
sledding logs. _

A TRAP FOR SINK DRAIN.

I want to give you a tip about that sink
drain of yours. Our drain is two-inch
iron pipe (regular screwed joints) about
70 feet long and empties into a small
cesspool (nothing else does, into this
one) covered over with logs and two feet
of dirt. It has been in use one year
now, and all this time we put anything
into it that will go through the holes in
the sink strainer (about 3-16 inch) cof¬
fee grounds and any old thing. I opened
the cesspool this summer to see how the
pipe looked inside and it’s as bright as a
dollar. There are two reasons for this :
One is that the trap at the sink is bclozv
the floor, thus giving a sufficient column
of water between sink and trap to wash it
out thoroughly every time a pail or any
considerable body of water is emptied in
the sink. Fig. 288, page 678, shows con¬
struction of trap which cost far less than
a lead trap and is better. A plumber
stopped at the house last year the day I
was putting it in and smiled loftily and
told me it was all wrong. I told him at
the time that I had probably installed
more feet of pipe than he ever saw and
knew what I was doing, so he shut up,
and time shows I was right, though T
never had tried just this trick before.

The other reason is that we use wash¬
ing powder for all the greasy pots and
saucepans, etc. After one is used it is
set back on the stove filled with water
and with a teaspoonful or tablespoonful
of powder added. When the water boils
it is taken off and there is practically no
washing to do, simply empty contents
into sink and rinse, and the pan is twice
as clean with half the labor as if it was
scrubbed in a dishpan in the old-fash¬
ioned way. The soapy water goes on its
way rejoicing, cuts out any grease in the
pipes, and there you are. Until we lived
out here in the country where we can’t
get a servant half the time for love nor
money we never would allow washing
powder in the house, but for this one
purpose and this only it is invaluable. A
20-cent package lasts us from two to
three weeks, and we are very lavish of it,
as we don’t like to work in grease.

c. c.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WIRE FENCING.

We are much interested in an investi¬
gation which is being conducted by the
Department of Agriculture into the causes
of the rapid rusting and corrosion of iron
and steel wire fencing. We believe that
this is a matter of very great importance
and that great benefit will come from this
investigation. We have been asked to
aid in the collection of information by re¬
questing our readers to answer the follow¬
ing questions. We sincerely hope that
those of our readers who have not lately
paid attention to the condition of their

wire will take the time necessary to in¬
spect it and send in their answers as
soon as possible.

1. IIow many years on the average do
your wire fence's last before they begin to
rust through and break up?

2. IIow many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest city or town where
any considerable amount ol’ coal is burned.

3. How many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest salt water?

4. Have you noticed that the bottom wires
that are often enclosed in grass or weeds
last better than the upper wires which hang
free?

5. Have vou noticed that where wire is
stapled to a living tree, it seems in some way
to have been preserved near the point of con¬
tact with the tree?

0. Have you noticed any difference, how¬
ever slight, in the way wire lasts near to the
posts to which it is stapled compared with
the way it lasts midway between the posts
where it: hangs free?

7. Have you noticed that after all the gal¬
vanized covering has disappeared some wires
will last much longer than others?

8. Have vou noticed any difference in the
lasting quality of barbed wire as compared
with plain wire or woven wire fencing?

9. In the case of woven wire fences do you
find that some wires last much better than
others or do they begin to fail all about the
same time?

68 1

A HIRED MAN TALKS BACK.

A few days ago I was reading a copy
of The R. N.-Y. that contained an ar¬
ticle written by O. W. Mapes, the hen
man, giving some of his experiences with
farm help or rather hired help. What
he says about hired help is quite right,
but he may have forgotten to say some¬
thing about the employers themselves,
and not only the employers, but the par¬
ents that do not care for the discipline of
their children. Some parents think that
a little taste of any kind of an intoxicant
will do no harm, but if they will ask
some one that has a drinking habit they
will know what it will do. I will give
one instance as an example. Not long ago
on the place where I worked there was
a little boy visiting his grandmother. One
day we had sweet corn and the little
boy took the dry silk off the ears and
made it into cigarettes and kept smoking

them all day. I told his grandmother that
she was making a grave mistake in let¬
ting him do such a thing, but she said
that it would do him no harm. A day or
two later he asked me for some tobacco
to make cigarettes, but he got my strong
refusal. That night I told his aunt of it,
but what she did was never made known
to me. I would consider it a crime that
never could be forgiven when a boy of
eight or JO is allowed to do such a thing.
I think older folks are to blame for so
many drinkers, smokers and chewers.

1 have a brother who drinks, but he
was, as I have said, taught to do it by
his employer when he was no more than
12 years old.

In another article I noticed an experi¬
ence with a “crackerjack.” The party
who wrote that article did not say wheth¬
er he drank or not, so I cannot answer
that as well as if I knew more of him. But
my experiences with such people is that
they want to do just as they please, so
the only remedy is to give them to under¬
stand they must do as they are told.

Orange Co., N. Y. j. e. l.

rpCC CTHRY interest to evory farmer and his
met O I UH I family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will be sent abso¬
lutely Eree to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey iron
Mfg. Co., 16 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES.

Prompt shipments

LOW
PRICES
R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

kfor this TlltliM
" T abla Wood Saw,

Saws any Lind of wood.
" The frame Is made of the
| very toughest seasoned oak, shaft of
cold rolled steel, set In extra long
boxes carefully babbitted, all casting
and wrought Iron parts extra heavy.
Inaddition tothe regular bracing «•
•have added aheavy castiron brace,
tieing the four upright timbers to¬
gether. This is a feature not used on
any other machine. Itadds strength and with this construction
THE FRAME IS SOLID AND STEADY, balance wheel Is
heavy, weight of machine is 300 lbs. Made to drop wood to
right or left. Wa guarantee this machine to be the strongest
and best saw frame made and if you don't find It equal to ma¬
chines retailed for $20.00 to $25.00 and all we claim for it, re¬
turn at our expense. Price 24 In. saw, 85.20; 28 In.,
86.00) 28 In, 86.80; 30 In., 87.80. Don't buy a saw of
any kind until you get our now Implement catalog. It
tolls all about speeding saws and gives all kinds ol In*
formation. It's the most complete book on Implements
•var printed* AMT this ad out and sand It to ua and
WU I wa will mall the oatalogu* FREE.

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

AliD

PRESIDENT LIKES

BOYS WITH RIFLES

.

Mr. Roosevelt Accepts the
Vice Presidency of Public
Schools Athletic League.

PRAISES TARGET WORK

Fully Approves of the Clean Methods
Employed in Training the . Young 1

Men of America.

GIRLS NEED EXERCISE, TOO

:ir

•y*

Oystkb ' Bat', L. I., Friday.— President
Rcosevelt has accepted the office of .hon¬
orary vice president of the Public School#
Athletic League, with t headquarters In
New York city. • In his letter to General
George W. Wingate, ; president of the.
league. President Roosevelt expresses his
cordial approval! of the objects of the

league. _ .

Following Is President^ Roosevelt’s let¬
ter accepting the ^tender ,of the honorary

vice presidency:—

“Oysteb Bay. August 19, 1905.
“My dear Gexebal, Wingate:— In an¬
swering your letter 1 beg to say that It
•will give.me tho greatest pleasure to accept
the office of honorary ■ vice president of
the Public Schools Athletic League of
which you are President. ,, . ^ , ^

Praises ' IUile ' Practice. '' j!

“I am glad that you have Installed In;
each of four high schools a sub targets
rifle practice and are' teaching the boys)
to shoot with the Krag, and I am pleased
with the great success Jhat you have met
In this effort. . . ^ .. , T

“I’m also particularly pleased that you
are about to organize a womans auxiliary
branch, for the girls need exercise quite
as muOh as do the boys,. . ,

"The demands such a movement make
Upon the time and the money of those en¬
gaged therein are very heavy. You are
doing one of the greatest and most patri¬
otic services that can be done, and you
are entitled to the heartiest backing in
every way from all who appreciate the
vital need of having the rising generation
of Americans sound Ln body, mind and
soul. Sincerely ypurs. (

“THEODORE ROOSEVELT."

Every Boy Should Own a

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The Best For Him

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RIFLES FOR BOYS
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Please ask your dealer for the “Stevens”

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO.

high Street

CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.

682

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 16

Rttralismsl

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Melon Blight Again. — The discourag¬
ing Melon leaf-blight that so unexpectedly
suspended operations last year is again
with us, and acres of thrifty muskmelon
vines loaded to their full capacity with
full-sized fruits are browned and shriv¬
eled as if scorched with flame. It makes
little difference how vigorous and well fed
the vines are, the collapse of leaf sub¬
stance is as rapid and complete with a
thrifty melon plant as with a starved one
when attacked with the blight fungus. A
fair and healthy field of vines is con¬
verted into a depressing mass of dead and
brittle foliage within 72 hours after the
first appearance of fungus spots on the
older leaves, near the center of the hills.
The vines perish more slowly, remaining
green and plump for many days, and the
melons are arrested in whatever stage of
development they may happen to be. If
nearly ripe, maturity is hastened and there
is no great falling off in quality, but a
melon from a newly blighted vine never
has quite the rich flavor of one that ripens
before the disease is evident. Immature
melons, if nearly or quite full grown, soon
undergo a sort of false ripening, but sugar
formation and quality development stop
with the first outbreak of the disease.
Though apparently ripe they are flabby,
tasteless and often positively disagreeable.
The smaller and undeveloped fruits wilt
on the vine, but countless tons of full-
sized but immature ones with flavors in¬
ferior to a decaying cucumber are picked
from the dead vines and shipped to mar¬
ket, disgusting melon eaters and destroy¬
ing all confidence on the part of the con¬
sumer in this most enticing of Summer
delicacies. The grower should not be too
severely blamed. Often he has done his
best in the way of careful selection of
good seeds and intelligent culture. He has
run the gauntlet of insect pests, known
diseases and weather variations, and has
successfully produced a crop, only to see
it swept away almost in a night by this
incomprehensible visitation. Small won¬
der he tries to save a portion of the wreck¬
age. Science has thrown little light on
the workings of this all-prevalent disease,
which in 1903 was so widespread that
only a few Minnesota counties were re¬
ported free from it, but has pointed out a
partial remedy in the early and continued
use of Bordeaux Mixture, sprayed on
when the vines begin to run, and at fre¬
quent intervals, especially after heavy
rains, until the melons are actually jj|pe.
Few do it; spraying operations in mid¬
summer are costly in time and labor, which
is urgently needed in every direction, but
it is really demonstrated that copper-plat¬
ing — the cure-all that fails in so many
plant diseases — is a practical means of
controlling Melon blight. A neighbor
who has consistently sprayed his vines
finds ready sale at $10 the hundred for
every melon he grows, and he has them
by the acre. He is sure it pays the large
grower to spray, but 4t is a different mat¬
ter to mix fresh Bordeaux and get out the
pump every 10 days or so during the
busiest time of the year to spray a dozen
hills. Melons are greatly liked on the
Rural Grounds, but we can’t make up our
minds to undertake a thorough campaign
of spraying. We used dry Bordeaux from
a dust gun, applied when the young vines
were wet with dew, and continued at 12-
day intervals until well set with fruit in
late July. The result was a fine stand of
vines, healthy until August 18; then
rather gradual dying of foliage from
blight. The crop from 60 vines nets a
dozen exquisite melons, ripe just as the
first blotches of disease appeared, twice
as many good, but not first quality, and
something over a hundred flabby and
tasteless specimens, hugely appreciated,
however, by the ducks. Possibly spray¬
ing might have enabled the vines to brill"

50 of the last hundred to fair maturity, but
it would scarcely have paid us to neglect
more vital duties to save them.

Glass Culture and Early Planting. —
Although science has not yet given the
amateur or small grower an economical
means of fighting the disease it can be
partially dodged by cultural devices occa¬
sionally available. If grown in greenhouse
structures, otherwise idle in Summer, one
is almost certain of a full crop of superb
melons. It needs much careful oversight
and close attention to watering, fertilizing
and stringing vines and fruit, to say noth¬
ing of the chance of combating invasions
of the Melon louse and white fly, but there
is little fear of blight if ventilators are
closed at night and during rains. House-
grown melons are of the highest possible
quality, but probably cost the raiser in
labor from six to 10 cents each, not con¬
sidering value of glasshouse and equip¬
ment.

Start Your Melons Early. — Blight sel¬
dom attacks melons in this locality before
August 20. It may be hurried by hot,
rainy weather, as seems to be the case
this year, but if the fruit can be induced
to approach maturity by the third week
in August the chances are that some of
them will be of acceptable quality. To aid
early ripening, plant only the earliest va¬
rieties that grow well locally — we use
Netted Gem and Paul Rose, of selected
strains. Plant outside before May 10,
sowing 20 to 30 seeds in each hill to in¬
crease chances for three strong plants for
final selection, and use newspapers over
hoops or some form of plant protection
for chilly nights. Make hills large and
deep, with plenty of old manure and some
ground bone worked in at least a foot
deep. Fight striped beetles with plentiful
applications of bone dust — Bordeaux Mix¬
ture is said to be better — and keep always
well hoed and cultivated. Don’t pinch off
ends of vines when they run. Fruits are
borne on the laterals, and pinching makes
the vines more productive, but they come
in bloom later. It is the early-set melons
that count. Don’t thin fruits or meddle
with vines after the last cultivation. Let
a few weeds grow for the tendrils to cling
to. The vines will need support in high
winds. Spray if you are so inclined, but
do it thoroughly if once attempted, and
finally be duly thankful if you get one
first-class melon to each vine. Time may
be gained by growing plants in pots in
hotbeds, frames or glasshouses, so that
they will have one or two pairs of rough
leaves when set out, May 15 to 20. Sow
several seeds in four-inch pots or small
boxes — sods are of little use, as the plants
do not make good roots — about three
weeks before they are to be planted out.
When up pull out all but the strongest
plant, and set three in a hill, watering well
and protecting from cold until estab¬
lished. Such plants bear early, but in
our experience are seldom very produc¬
tive. The above remarks apply wholly to
muskmelons. Watermelons are not as
susceptible to blight as muskmelons, but
eventually yield to it or some similar dis¬
ease where they cannot be ripened before
mid-August. They have failed in this
locality for the last 10 years.

Will the Irrigated Product Last? —
For several years the eastern market has
been supplied with excellent muskmelons,
uniform in size and quality, from irri¬
gated localities in Colorado and Arizona,
notably from Rocky Ford, Col. Latterly
shipments of rather immature but finely
grown melons have been received from
California. They are of the Netted Gem
type, with thick, sweet flesh, and are prac¬
tically all grown in rainless districts by
the aid of irrigation. They are trans¬
ported in refrigerator cars that are cooled
at once when loaded and a temperature
below 45 degrees maintained during tran¬
sit by a liberal use of ice. Transportation
charges for goods carried in this manner
from distant localities are naturally high
and the melons should sell for at least
$6 per hundred to net the growers any
profit. The best early consignments some¬
times bring more than double this price,
while later shipments often fail to realize
a satisfactory price. The quality, taken
throughout *he season, is so fair and uni¬
form that western melons dominate the
market. The best ones, after such pro¬
longed chilling, scarcely equal well-grown
fresh-picked eastern fruits, but their uni¬
formity and reliability cause them to be
sought after. The quality of Rocky Fords,
however, has scarcely been up to the
standard for the last two years, and it
seems evident that leaf blight is at work
in that district and will sooner or later
find its way in the newer localities. The
irrigation grower, being free from rain,
will always have an advantage, as he can
effectually use Bordeaux Mixture, but he
naturally dreads any increased expense on
account of the high cost of getting his
product to market. He will probably have
to combat the disease in the future despite
bright skies and clear atmosphere.

w. v. F.

Do you have trouble with rubber boots and shoes — find they wear out
twice as fast as they used to do? Of course you do, unless you buy

Buckskin Brand

Rubber Boots and Shoes.

(Awarded Grand Prize at St. Louis Exposition.)

They wear twice as long as the ordinary kind, be¬
cause they are made from pure gum. They are
real rubber. Take an old Buckskin Boot, cut
the sole and stretch it. It’s elastic enough to make
a boy’s “nigger shooter.’’ You cannot do that with
an ordinary rubber boot, because the ordinary rub¬
ber boot contains only a small percentage of real
rubber. The rest of it is a cheap substitution com¬
pound. But this is not all. The

Buckskin Brand

are made right. Look at the cut. See that thick
sole — count the number of thicknesses.
Look at the five-ply reenforcements
across the arch of the foot and jthe
eight-ply in front of the leg where
the wrinkles break the ordinary boot.
That explains why the Buckskin
Brand give twice the wear that
the ordinary boot or shoe does.

WEIGHT
j llO LBSt
1 ACTUAL
TEST

Guaranteed and Sold on 10 Days Trial.

Why take the wear-out-quick, ordinary kind when you can get the last-long
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Look for the brand on the boot leg and the shoe heel. If he cannot
supply you, we will ; write to us. Our Buckskin
booklets are free.

BANNER RUBBER COMPANY,

280 Bittner Street, St. Louis, Missouri.

f pacity
sills, et

, best results with least

/ -

Monarch

Hydraulic
PRESS

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st P'

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Gasoline engines, stationary, portable and traction.

A. B. Farquhar Co's. Boilers, Engines, Saw
Mills, Threshers. Ask for catalogue.

Monarch Machinery Co.*

Room 161. 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y, City.

THE POT A TO DROP,

large or small, is best
harvested with

the Improved

DOWDEN

Potato Digger. rSftS.’KiE

out. Standard digger with no peer, and it lasts. Ask fur free Bowden book

DOWDEN MFC, CO., Box 522.. PRAIRIE CITY, I*.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
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Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL GO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

FARMERS

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.
BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
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newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.

CL A ltK VS I)bt. ACTION
CUT A WA r Moves 1H,()00
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

Best for sore horses
Pratts Vet. Healing Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Pbila. Over 30 years old.

HANDY
WACON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
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carry any i oad. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG.C0., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

EXTENSION NTT TTTQ Sent on

AXLE t ’I AJ I Approval

Cure wabbles and make old buggies run like
new, Samples free TO agents. (Profitable)

HARDWARE SPECIALTY CO., Box H3, 1'outiac, Mich

Save Half Your Fuel

BY USING THE

ROCHESTER.

R.ADIAT0R.

Fits any Stove or Furnace .
Write for booklet oa beating homes.

Rochester Radiator Co.

, Furnace St* , Uochester,N.Y»

Pricefrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

Your Face Tells

If it’s soft, smooth and
free from irritation, it’s a
sign you use the healing

WILLIAMS’ iHoATS

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide how to Dress

Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co Glastonbury, Conn.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 113 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

baa been tued bv Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays (
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best i
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TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

NO REPAIRS OR PAINTING

required when

Sou use Arrow
rand Asphalt
Ready Roofing.

Is surfaced with gravel and can be laid on
old shingles or other surfaces easily. Send for
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ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO.,80PineSt.,N.Y.Clty

Beware of cheap imitations made from Tar.

YOUR IDEAS

$100,000 offered for one In¬
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Book "How to Obtain a Patent” and
"What to Invent” sent free. Send
rough sketch for free report as to
patentability. We advertise your
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Chandlee & Chandlee, Patent Attorneys,
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SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U.S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
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270 lb., 344c per .b; barrel.425 lb.,3Hc. Send for booklet.
.JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

683

Hope Farm Notes

Washing Machines. — When I answered a
Question about our washing machine I tried
to give t lie facts as they apply to our house¬
hold. It seems that these remarks will not
cover the ground at all. Several women say
I do not give the washing machine a fair
show. Now I wouldn't willingly be unjust
to a washing machine or the one who runs
it, so the fairest way is to let some friend of
the machine speak up. This Rhode Island
housekeeper does it well :

“I was sorry to see the blow you gave to
washing machines, for I have one which has
been one of m.v best friends for over seven
years and has been used once and occasion¬
ally twice a week for all that time, except
•for one period of three or four weeks. Be¬
fore having this machine I had a woman come
in to do the washing and noontime often
came before the last of the wash was on the
line, although the water would be drawn and
hot when she reached here at 7.30 or 8 a. m.

I still have help about the washing, as I am
a young mother with an even half dozen little
ones (think of the washing!) and do all the
rest of my work alone. The programme is
as follows: After the breakfast is off the
stove the boiler is brought out and filled, and
all the convenient pails filled. After the
water becomes hot I proceed to put the
clothes, which have been carefully sorted, to
soak in lukewarm water if I am using naph¬
tha soap, or in as hot water as I can put m.v
hands in if ordinary soap, and herein lies
the secret spell in using a machine. Use
plenty of soap, and when you think you have
enough rub on as much more. In using the
washboard your laundress rubs on a little soap,
uses the board, then more soap, and so con¬
tinues and when you put her at the machine
she only rubs on about one-third as much
soap as she would use on a garment at the
board and consequently the garment comes
from the machine in a decidedly grimy condi¬
tion. My machine holds four sheets or their
equivalent bulk, and after putting the first
lot to soak in the machine the remaining
clothes are put to soak in large candy pails,
each pail holding one machine full. I aim to
have the clothes soak at least one-half hour
before the man comes to run machine. The
first, machinefuls are washed for five minutes,
the others from eight to 15, depending on
how soiled they are. I usually have only one
lot that needs the 15 minutes.

“After the first lot is run through the
wringer, which is placed on the machine, the
next lot is turned from the pail in which it
soaked into the machine, and so on until all
are done, water being drawn from the ma¬
chine as it becomes too full by the addition
of what was in the soaking pails After al
are washed the machine is emptied, rinsed
and the rinsing water is put in. and the
clothes rinsed by turning the machine a few
times and after going through the wringer
the clothes are ready for the line with no
boiling and very little hand rubbing, and
looking better than nine-tenths of the wash-
women you hire would have them. I haven t
a washt.ub to my name, and my washboard Is
laid away. As I am putting clothes through
the wringer I look at the childrens’ sleeves
and the neck and wrist bands and if not en¬
tirely clean rub with hands a little. I tind
that clothes last much longer than when a
board is used. To convince yourself take one-
half of your daily paper and rub it on the
washboard for two or three minutes. Then
nut the other half in your machine and rub
for 10 or 15 minutes and note the difference
Two hours help from a man does for me what
double that time from my washwoman did.
Not that it requires a man to run the ma-
cliine— oh no, for not a month ago the child¬
ren (the oldest a girl of 10) and I. did an
unusually large washing entirely alone, except
for drawing the water, and T was not unduly
tired, but i have a man to help because he is
here at work, and it is hard to get women
help here now. though some of the time I
have had a woman assistant. Now I hope
you will pitch in and convince Mother and
the “various women who wash for you that
a washing machine is a jewel : one of the
most necessary machines on the place and
don’t forget the SOAF.

MRS. LENA GRIFFITHS.

I see now that I threw a little cold water
over this woman’s best friend when hot water
and soap are what it needed ! There seems
to be no need of short prayers, lean dinners
and long scolding over such a wash day as
this I have known before now that soap is
a moral agent! As for “pitching in to
convince our women folks that I know more
than tliev do about housekeeping — -I thank
you — No f A woman might suggest offering
such advice, but a married man— never, un¬
less he had some grudge to work off. ( liem-
istrv tells me that a little bit of kerosene oil
put on the dirty dishes in the disbpan will
save time and trouble in dishwashing! It is
also a part of natural law that you waste
sugar in fruit canning when you cook it with
the fruit but let me see some gentleman who
can convince his wife that she ought to give
up her lifelong methods. Better leave the
job to the minister or to some other person
who has presented only his choicer qualities
to the ladies.

Old Man Farming. — The following note
states a problem which has caused many a
man sleepless nights and sad worry :

“I thought perhaps you or some of your
readers could help me out. The situation is
50 acres i;i a good state of cultivation in
central New Jersev. I am (53 years old. and
not able to work as I could 20 years ago, and
the Madam is in about the same fix. Me
have no help, only a young girl, and she will
go to school as soon as it opens. Me find
that we cannot (To the work as it should be
done. I cannot afford to hire a good man,
even if I could get one. and a poor one is
worse than none. Now what is best to do—
sell out and quit, or is there some other way .

1 have no boys to take the farm. h. it. r.

1 know just exactly what a childless farmer
feels when he has nothing but a farm, often
slow of sale, and knows that his best days
work has been done. It is a hard situation,
vet men before now have worked it out. Suen
a man must do one of three things hire help
and continue growing cultivated crops, change
the crops so as to make his own work go as
far as possible, or sell the farm and try to
live on the proceeds. Speaking for myself I
would cut out the first and last, and do the
best I could with the second. I am planting
orchards which I hope will take care of me.
but my farm is natural apple land, and close
to good markets. Our friend at his age may
not feel like waiting for apple trees to grow.
In our country hay would be the best crop
for such a man on good land. It is a big
job to get the land seeded, and where hay is
sold year after year money must be spent for
fertilizers. To save help a hay loader, deliv-
ery rake and hay forks would be needed and
these require capital. In our country 30 to
40 acres of good hay would keep a man better
than some princes are kept. Next to hay. if
the fences are good, the whole farm could be

put in grass and pastured to live stock. Me
have made money feeding hogs this way. A
few good brood sows would pretty nearly
care for a frugal family. In our country
stock could be taken to pasture at fair prices,
just as I got this letter another came from
an elderly- man in Iowa. See what he says :

"M'e grow meat now. It used to be meat
and butter, but the labor question reduced it
to meat. M'ife. daughter and myself start for
an outing of three weeks to-morrow to Denver
and other Colorado points, but the meat will
grow just the same, as pastures are good,
and a record-breaking crop of corn is nearly
ready to feed.”

In his well-watered pastures the stock take
care of themselves. If we turn the farm over
to hay or grass how can an old man make
The labor of his hands most productive? I
should say gardening or lieus — one or both.
Both cover occupations in which patience and
good judgment count for more than brute
force. As for me, I hope as my orchards
come into bearing to keep hogs in the back
fields and hens near the house. Even when a
man has no boys to follow him such things
pay, for they give the farm a good reputation,
which advertises it and gives value.

Farm Notes. — Our folks are eating peaches
now on every occasion. The Elbertas proved
excellent — large and very handsome. I have
seen Elbertas which took rank with the Ben
Davis apple for quality, but on our rough land
and in sod culture they can be classed as
good. There seems little doubt that some
varieties are better adapted to mulch or sod
culture than others. Carman seems to me
one of the best for us. M’hy this should be
so I cannot tell, but it is quite true of peaches
as it is of potatoes. The best example I can
think of is Bovee. M’hen this potato was in¬
troduced many farmers bought small quan¬
tities and planted in rich garden soil, where
it had high culture. It was highly praised
for its behavior there, but when largely
planted in ordinary- field culture it jiroved in¬
ferior to other sorts. It must have the finest
of soil and care to do its best. . . . The

new Alfalfa is still growing. It has put out
the third leaf, and seems to be turning over
a new leaf entirely- so far as its former be¬
havior is concerned. I welcome every new
sign of prosperity in it. but I am not betting
on it yet. Several other fields have been
seeded in our neighborhood. They have
started well, and most of the owners are
hopeful, not to say enthusiastic. As for me,

I have seen young Alfalfa sprout up before.

. . . Our cellar has been dug and stones

hauled from the old walls for the foundation.
The masons ought to begin work this week,
and the carpenters are all ready to follow
them. The boys learned a lesson when they
dug the cellar. It was necessary to dig the
earth away from the old wall. M’hen they
cleared it awav down came part of the stones
upon them. In building, the masons had put
up a solid wall about a foot out from the
earth and filled in behind with loose stones.
No one ever expected that a new cellar would
be dug. Surely the good old earth was solid
enough backing! Yet it was taken away as
all earth is liable to be, and then, down came
the stones. The boys were probably more
concerned in getting their job of digging done,
but when you come to think of it there was
a whole sermon in that cellar. There are
some earthly things that look as though they
would stand forever, and prove an unfailing
backing. M’hen the time comes, however,
down they go, and unless there is something
stronger than earth to hold the foundation —
it goes too. . . . Prices for farm products

with us have varied, but on the whole are
satisfactory. Lima beans are low, and sweet
corn is lower. I hear of one man who picked
1,000 ears of fine corn and sent them to
market by a neighbor. The corn sold at 50
cents per hundred, and the neighbor charged
$3 for his work. Thus the owner of the corn
got 20 cents per hundred ears ! This is an
extreme case, but prices for the late crop have
pot been satisfactory. Prices were high last
year, and the result was a heavy planting of
corn. It all comes in together! Tomatoes,
apples, peaches and eggs are bringing good
prices. M’e have not grown sweet corn for
market for some years. The crop is too
bulky, and our soil is not earlv enough. Tak¬
ing it all in all our farm never looked better,
nor presented a more hopeful prospect than it
does now. The trees have made an excellent
growth, the crops were never cleaner and
most of the stock looks well. ... I
ought to except the young turkeys. I have
had a letter from a farmer’s wife asking us
to tell how voung turks should be cared
for This is a* worse sarcasm than assuming
that I am an Alfalfa expert. M’e bought one
large turkey and 10 young ones — the first we
ever owned. Six of the young ones have
died aud another one looks a little frail for
this world. M'e have done our best to act
upon written and spoken advice, but experi¬
ence is evidently needed. You can hardly
expect me to talk turkey to those who lose
the voung birds until we save a few. I have
never seen as many crows as there are in
our neighborhood this Fall. Hundreds of
them sjiend the early morning in my neigh¬
bor’s cornfield, and then scatter over the
young orchard. They do me no harm, and
appear to be slowly carrying the fertility of
the cornfield to my apple trees!

H. W. C

Just what
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for Sawing
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Churning,

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No Water
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Gasoline A 'Mr:
in the base. ^

WAR D

Mr*:

Sff

THE EVER-READY

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meets all requirements of power on the farm, overcomes all difficulties, removes all perplex¬
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STODDARD MFG. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

Elegant New Catalog E H. Free, if you mention this paper.

To irrigate, water stock or for any pumping, the
best outfit and cheapest to operate is the

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Or cut out complete advertisement and send to

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Engine to run - - - - -

Name . . Street No -

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pEKTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
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f \

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Take Your Power to

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THER.M. CORNWELL CO.

444 S. Salina Street.
Syracuse, New York,

Tire Latest Product of the iJOtli Century.
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Made in Ihi
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plain or
with back-
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Write for
Iprice.

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& Co.,
Bingham¬
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York.

Hard worked horses need
Pratts P. V. Condition Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Making Winter
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In this country there is a vast oppor¬
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Take the matter up with our Farm
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ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO„

NEW YORK.

Scales, trucks, -valves and Jit tings, gas and
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THE

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Send for Catalogue
No. 62.

JONES PAYS
FREIGHT

Wagon $

ON TRIAL

ALL IRQ N, STEEL AND BRASS
Jones Box No. 331 1 Binghamton. N. Y.

684

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 16,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established. J850.

I

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, f

Mrs. K. T. Koylk, ( Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

declared the majority of the commissioners sampled a
well-baked Fr.ll Pippin apple. We can think of nothing
that could put them in a more amiable frame of mind.
We hope they will carry the apple-eating habit back
with them and spread it. Nothing is more likely to
convey that peace of mind which should follow Presi¬
dent Roosevelt’s efforts than a diet of baked apples.

*

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 6d., or 8% marks, or 10 % francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned Tiie Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Fearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

In speaking of the “balance of trade” between this
country and foreign countries we have referred to the item
of freight rates which are paid to foreign ship owners.
How great this item must be is seen by the following
figures. In the last fiscal year imports were carried as
follows: Cars or land vehicles $78,649,462; American
vessels, steam and sailing, $160,730,887; foreign vessels,
$878,132,280. In exports the following division is made:
Cars $154,234,890; Americans vessels $126,891,607; for¬
eign vessels $1,210,618,198. Thus it will be seen that
the cost of carrying goods both ways is mostly paid to
foreigners.

*

A reader asks what classes of American goods a
Chinese “boycott” would affect. Chiefly cotton cloth.
In the last fiscal year this country sent to China $28,-
017,180 worth of cotton goods. Next in importance is
petroleum or kerosene, $8,366,124. Some other items
are given as follows: Flour, $309,587; carriages, $12-
500; cars, $38,095; locomotives, $286,825; clocks, $23,-
744; copper, $9,940,834; fruits, $60,268; hardware, $52,-
000; sewing machines, $28,409; paper, $45,810; typewrit¬
ers, $24,507; bacon, $25,854; cheese, $21,100; tobacco,
manufactured, $1,438,728; furniture, $30,833. Thus it ap¬
pears that the Chinese are beginning to buy American
goods, with a prospect of good increase. The loss of
this growing trade would be a serious one to Ameri¬
cans. The Chinaman seems to know his business when
he aims a blow at the pocketbook.

*

A steer which dressed 869 pounds was recently sold
in this ciy for $2,100, or about $2.43 a pound. What
was there about this beef to give it such value? Sen¬
timent, thought to be a rare quality in butchers ! The
steer was sold at auction at a meeting of the independ¬
ent butchers, who undertake to fight the beef trust by
organizing to build their own slaughterhouses. There
are about 500 of these retail butchers in the city, and
after a hard fight they seem to be making headway
against the trust. Their slaughterhouse has a weekly
capacity of 400 steers and 18,000 smaller animals, and
they are able to get the stock. It is a hopeful thing
when such an enterprise can start and grow in the face
of such competition as the beef trust makes possible.
If we could have more of these independent slaughter¬
houses there would be a better chance for eastern live
stock, and more profit in making meat on eastern
farms.

*

The newspapers state that Baron Komura, the Japa¬
nese diplomat, fortified himself for the final tussle over
the peace treaty by eating a dinner of corned beef and
cabbage ! It seems that when Komura was a student
at Harvard University some years ago he spent his
vacations on : New Hampshire farm. There he learned
to eat a “New England dinner,” baked beans, fish balls
and the other standard Yankee dishes that have made
and changed history. He carried the habit back to
Japan with him, and though he is obliged to use canned
corned beef he has the American dish in his own house¬
hold. Such habits carried abroad by foreigners are about
the best American exports. No doubt when the truth
is known we shall find that the night before peace was

We mentioned on page 652 the case of a poor farmer
in Ocean Co., N. J., whose crops have been destroyed
by deer, i hese “wild” animals came out of the woods
and sampled sweet potatoes, cabbage and corn until
there was nothing left to sample. We have written to
one State official after another until finally we ran up
against the Fish and Game Commissioner. This is the
satisfaction we obtain :

Your letter was referred to the Attorney General, who is
I he legal adviser of the Fish and Game Commissioners.
He informs us there is no law on the statute books of this
State whereby a person can get damages for damage done
by deer* neither has a person the right to kill or injure the
deer except only in the open season.

What is the matter with the State of New Jersey
when a humble citizen must lose his property in this
way? “No laws on the statute books!” Let a hired
man take a board off a railroad fence, or a poor woman
take a pail of coal out of a railroad coalbin, and laws
would fairly bristle out of the “statute books” to hold
such “criminals.” When the State fosters and protects
a lot of worthless deer, it ought to be responsible for
the damage they do. Here is a chance for the farmers
of New Jersey to do some useful work. The next Leg¬
islature must pass a law similar to the one in Massa¬
chusetts, which enables a farmer to recover fair dam¬
ages when his property is destroyed by State-protected
game. The present “law” under which a farmer can
neither protect his property nor recover damages is a
disgrace to any State.

*

Little things this year show the condition of the
apple crop. We have printed several statements from
parties in Virginia who have good crops. In every case
buyers North and West have been after these apples at
once. When the general crop is large buyers are indif¬
ferent, and sellers must do most of the running. This
year they cat. stand still and sell the apples. Another
reason why men are looking up new sections is given
in this note from a western man :

AVe purchased our apples in the - market last year, and

we are sorry to say we got a little the worst of it. We paid
all the produce man asked for them, and they were sold to us
as “all No. 1 stock.” AVe managed to lose $1,500 on the
deal, and can assure you we have no very good feeling for
the man who will pack the barrel end's with fine apples and
plug the center with scabby culls, and it will be a long
time before we purchase apples without a man to watch
every barrel packed.

We do not give the name of this well-known apple
city because there are responsible dealers there, and they
should not be hurt by the misdeeds of a few rogues.
These do damage enough to the general market without
letting them hurt honest individuals. The man who
faces an apple barrel and fills in with trash is worse
than the horse jockey who “doctors” a sick horse!
People may expect such things in a horse trade, but
they have a right to look for honesty in an apple barrel
which carries a man’s name. We once heard a local
minister in an apple section offer prayer at a farmers’
meeting. He prayed that all present would be guided
to put honest apples in the barrel. Did he know his
congregation ?

*

The great express companies have held up legislation
for a parcels post for some years. Every time such legis¬
lation is pressed upon Congress the agents of the ex¬
press companies appear at Washington and influence
the Senate. In fact, Senator Thomas C. Platt of New
York, head of one of the great express companies, is
always on hand when this matter comes up. One argu¬
ment which these express men attempt to give is that
the express companies give prompt and useful service
at a fair rate. We have had some experience with
them this year which can be duplicated a thousand times
by our readers. A package of string beans shipped
from Florida was eight days on the way, and finally
reached us a mass of filth. We refused to accept it, and
the company is still trying to make us pay $2 express-
age. We have put in a counter charge of $4 for the
beans, and one account is about as likely to be paid as
the other! Early in June, in response to a telegram, a
crate of plants was shipped by express, plainly marked,
from Monmouth Co., N. J. They have never been de¬
livered. Letter after let.ter sent to the express com¬
pany brings out the information that “the matter is
being investigated” with the added request that we
“have patience.” We have lots of it, but the express
company has our plants, and seems likely to keep them.
Last Spring a small express package was offered for
delivery at this office. It was evidently a framed pic¬
ture. It was evident that the glass had been broken,
as it rattled when handled. We refused to accept it
in such condition, and after some argument the mes¬

senger went away. The next day he come again, and
watching his chance got the office boy to sign his re¬
ceipt. The package had been opened, the broken glass
removed and the package tied up again. We could mul¬
tiply cases many times. Ask anyone who has tried to
obtain fair redress from an express company for his
experience, and see what he will say. It is little less
than an insult to the American people for expressmen
to oppose a fair parcels post because they now “give
fair service.”

*

Last year a rumshop was opened in this city under
peculiar circumstances. There was a religious ceremony
including the singing of “Praise God From Whom All
Blessings Flow!” The reader will wonder what this
good old hymn had to do with a rumshop, and what
occasion there was to offer thanks that another one had
been started ! A number of very respectable persons
felt that while a large amount of liquor will ruin a man
a small amount of it may save him! At least that
seems to be the logic of their operations. They claim
that a rumshop is “a poor man’s club.” They combined
a chance to buy good liquor with a reading room and
other conveniences for comfort, which they thought
workmen needed ! In other words, they reasoned that
since workmen must have liquor they should make
drinking respectable by making the rumshop respecta¬
ble. A Ft r a year these gentlemen are glad to quit with
the loss of some $16,000. There was a fierce outcry
against the scheme at first, but wiser temperance men
knew that failure was certain. In one sense a rumshop
is a poor man’s club— that is, the “poorest” specimens
of men in the neighborhood use it for a lounging place.
With the healthy growth of temperance sentiment in
this country you cannot make a rumshop respectable
in the sense that you can a grocery store or a meat
market. Men who open a rumshop with prayers and
hymns and attempt to dedicate it to religious purposes
will, sooner or later, be recognized as hypocrites or
fools; because it is clearly understood that the rumshop
and the church cannot meet on friendly terms without
loss to the church.

*

1 he wire fence question is coming to a head faster
than we thought it would. 1 here arc some people who
thought that hard words and violent abuse of the manu¬
facturers would give us better wire at once. They
were wrong, for this problem is harder than appears
on the surface. From the first we have insisted that
some public officer must find out the fundamental dif¬
ference between good wire and bad, so that buyers can
tell one from the other. Any other way of settling the
question will be useless. For example, one of our
readers sent us specimens of cut nails which had been
in use 40 years. They were still in much better condi¬
tion than some modern wire nails that have seen but
five years’ service. Now of course there is a reason for
this, which goes back to the manufacture of the wire,
and we feel confident that it will be proved before long
that the trouble is largely due to the process of manu¬
facture. We know that most of the manufacturers
claim that the fault lies in the galvanizing. How can
they explain the fact that old-fashioned nails and wire
that never were galvanized remain in good condition
after 40 years of exposure? We also know that old
style galvanized wire will last for years after every
bit of galvanizing has disappeared, while modern wire
snaps like rotten twine after the galvanizing goes.
While the galvanizing may be defective the real fault
is in the composition of the metal itself. Farmers are
most interested in this question because they pay for
the wire, They can help settle the matter, and back
up the Government chemists who are at work on the
case. A farmer may not understand chemistry, but he
is usually a good observer, and he can give the chemist
facts about wire which cannot be learned in the lab¬
oratory. Read the questions printed on page 681 and
send us the best answers you can. Do not think you
cannot help — you can ; your testimony is needed. There
are two or three vital facts about wire which can only
be demonstrated by its behavior in the field. Walk
around your fences and give us a fair report. Your
evidence is needed!

BREVITIES .

Fall is the best time for using lime.

A good turn is deserving of a better one.

Answer the questions about wire fences.

AVhy not cut out the hard cider this year?

. The politician votes for his principles, but spells them
with an a.

Discouraging reports of damage from Asparagus blight
are coming.

The man who talks for a living and does no work is far
from an ideal citizen.

According to Jersey justice a farmer has no rights that a
cTeer is bound to respect.

Do you ever advocate a practice with no good evidence
to favor it? AA’hat is good evidence?

AAHth oats bringing less than 20 cents a bushel to the
western farmer it is hard to see why eastern farmers should
pay so much.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

685

isos.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The old war between the cattle raisers and
sheepmen has broken out again in the Big Horn basin,
Wyoming, and the first clash resulted in the killing of 8,000
sheep in one herd, the property of L. A. Gantz, whose range
is on Shell creek, information being received August 30.

It was the worst raid in the history of the war between the
two factions, and further trouble is anticipated, as both the
sheepmen and cattlemen are guarding their herds. The sheep
camp was visited at night by a band of masked armed men,
who first captured the herders, burned the camp and equip¬
age, killed the horses of the outfit, and then began shooting

and clubbing sheep to death. Large numbers were driven
over a high precipice and others were drowned in the river.
The entire flock, consisting of 8,000 sheep, were killed. Cat¬
tlemen in the district have complained of Gantz for some
time, claiming that his sheep were destroying the home cattle
range, and insisting that he move them into the mountains.
After the killing of the sheep the herders were given two
days’ food and freed. They were warned not to disclose the
names of the destroyers even if they knew them.

The planters of Grimes Co., Tex., and several others cotton¬
growing counties have organized to prevent cotton pickers
from being lured away at this critical period of the season.
I.abor is unusually scarce, and agents have invaded the sec¬
tions and induced over 300 negroes to desert their employ¬
ers. Three of these alleged agents were caught and marched
under guard across the county line with threats of death
should they return within six months. In another section,
two other employment agents were arrested and put to work
on the county roads for attempting to engage laborers to go
to Arkansas. Planters say the scarcity of labor threatens
several thousand dollars’ damage, and their organization of¬
fers a reward for the conviction of every person attempting
to secure pickers for other sections. Warnings have been
posted on the county roads. . . . September 3-4 great

damage was done through central New York by floods and
cloudbursts. Damage at Cooperstown will reach several
thousand dollars. The reservoir at Sherburne burst under
the terrific pressure and swept away fields of vegetables,
bridges and roads, and left the village without a water sup¬
ply. The cloudburst is one of the most costly and damaging
in the history of the Lackawanna and Ontario and Western
railroads. The Chenango River was at its highest point in
fifty years. Many miles of track and roadbed on the elec¬
tric railroad running between Mohawk and Oneonta were
washed away. The damage in the Sauquoit valley will he
upward of $(>0,000, while the total damage to railroads and
other property in the strip of territory between Utica and
Norwich will exceed $300,000. The cloudburst swept down
upon Schuyler Lake, near Richfield Springs, at midnight.
Herkimer Greek overflowed its boundaries and flooded the
village to the depth of three or four feet. A so-called cloud¬
burst in the farming country south of Fort Plain caused
damage to the extent of many thousands of dollars. Ots-
quago Greek, ordinarily an insignificant stream, suddenly
became a body of water of dangerous proportions. Its banks
were overflowed for miles, several bridges were destroyed
and many were badly damaged, highways were washed out,
a few buildings were demolished and carried away, orchards
were uprooted and great damage was done to growing crops
of grain, hop yards and gardens. Debris of nearly every
description was brought to the Mohawk Valley by Otsquago
Greek and was jammed into the openings under the bottom of
the Erie Canal, which permit the creek to reach the Mohawk
River. This caused the water to rise so high that it over¬
flowed into the canal. Some of the townships will lose a great
number of highway bridges, and to replace them would he
almost an impossibility unless the towns get county or State
aid. In many places ' streets and roadways are washed out
to a depth of 10 or 12 feet, and fine houses now stand on the
banks of great canals where none before existed. Thousands
upon thousands of acres of garden produce have been washed
away and scores of houses and barns wrecked with enormous
loss of live stock. Scores of towns in Otsego and Chenango
counties were cut off from all communication with the out¬
side world, telephone and telegraph lines being down and
railroads still tied up. The trouble on the Lackawanna
Railroad was south of Norwich, where the Chenango River
worked havoc with the railroad bed in many sections. Forty-
two miles of this company's tracks were washed away. In
the village of New Berlin there was grave danger of an epi¬
demic following the cloudburst. A horrible stench prevailed
and there was no water with which to clean up the terrible
mess. The water mains were broken by the cloudburst. The
village presented a dismal picture: the streets filled with
goods. Little could be done toward cleaning up on account
of the difficulty in getting water. The stores and houses
were reeking with slime. The reservoir at Sherburne having
burst, that village was in straits for a water supply. Re¬
pairs to the embankment that went out are in progress, but
until these are completed wells in the village will have to he
used to furnish a supply for drinking and cooking purposes.
As many of these have undoubtedly become contaminated
the danger from a spread of infection is great.

There were three deaths from yellow fever and 16 new cases
at New Orleans September 2. A general order has been
issued to the funeral directors by the health authorities, re¬
questing co-operation in fumigating houses immediately after
death and before funerals. Although there have been oyer
300 cases of yellow fever at Leeviile. where the population
is 800. according to the health authorities, there have been
only 28 deaths to date, or at the rate of about nine per cent.
The matter of holding a general convention of Southern
States to consider whether or not all quarantines shall be
put in the hands of the Federal Government will probably
be held in a short time. The situation is that a law has
already passed placing quarantine restrictions in the hands
of the Government, but the Public Health and Marine Hospi¬
tal Service bureau has refused to take hold of the matter
excepting at the unanimous request of the Southern States.
The total number of cases September 1 was 39 and deaths
four. There have been altogether 2,142 cases and 298
deaths. A case of yellow fever was reported September 2
from Maysville, I. T., 70 miles north of the Texas line. A
case of vellow fever, brought from Pensacola, has been dis¬
covered 'in Atlanta, Ga. The authorities have been expect¬
ing vellow fever for some time, as Atlanta does not quaran¬
tine’ and the city is sheltering 7.000 refugees. The most
serious development in the country parishes of Louisiana
came September 5 from Tallulah, where 20 new cases were
reported, one death being added. The fever at Tallulah,
which is 150 miles north of New Orleans, is confined largely
to Italians. Lake Providence, north of Tallulah, reported
nine new cases: Patterson, 11 new cases and two deaths.
The total number of new cases reported outside of New
Orleans is 58, and of deaths, three. Five of these new cases
are at St. Bernard, a suburb of New Orleans. . . . ■Alex¬

ander Buchanan, secretary of an alleged “get-rich-quick
concern known as the Northwestern Trust Company, was ar¬
rested at Council Bluffs. Iowa. August 24 on a State charge
for conducting an unlawful business. The office of the
company was closed by the sheriff and its records are in his
possession A number of the contract holders In the concern
filed a petition for the appointment of a receiver. The vic¬
tims several hundred in number, live all over Iowa, Nebraska
and South Dakota, as well as in other States. . . . At

Greenville, Ohio, August 31 an aeronaut was blown to
atoms by the explosion of six sticks of dynamite
while in his airship 1,500 feet in the air. His wife and
two children were among the 25,000 persons who were wit¬
nesses of the tragedy. He bad been giving daily exhibitions
at the county fair. He would ascend several thousand feet
in the air and explode dynamite at intervals.

ADMINISTRATION. — President Roosevelt announced Sep¬
tember 4 the appointment of Robert Bacon of New York to
succeed Francis B. Loomis as Assistant Secretary of State.
Mr. Bacon was until about eighteen months ago a junior
member In the firm of .T. Pierpont Morgan & Co He Is a
Harvard man and a college friend of Mr. Roosevelt. During
the strike in the anthracite coal regions in 1902. when the
President was endeavoring to put an end to the trouble, Mr.
Bacon represented J. P. Morgan & Co. and capital generally,
in the negotiations. The new Assistant Secretary will take
hold next month. The resignation of Mr. Loomis has been
in the hands of the President some time. Rumors have
been floating about that Mr. Loomis would be America s
diplomatic representative in Mexico or Brazil, but every time

one of these rumors is referred to the proper authority for
confirmation it is denied.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. — No discrimination
In the work of t lie meat inspection service and exoneration
of Dr. D. E. Salmon, chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry
of the Department of Agriculture, of charge growing out of
business connections here are the findings by Solicitor Mc¬
Cabe of that department as the results of his investigation
of charges against that branch of the department. Solicitor
McCabe's work has been approved by Secretary Wilson. The
report says that Dr. Salmon’s connection with the local busi¬
ness firm, while not ideal for a government officer, did not
involve any wrongdoing and that he never benefited from the
government contract with that firm. In summing up the
findings concerning criticisms of the meat inspection ser¬
vice, Solicitor McCabe says: “The matter of a grant or
refusal of meat inspection to establishments applying there¬
for has received careful consideration. I find that during
1901 20 applications for inspection were received, of which
16 were granted. In 1902, 13 applications were received,
of which 10 were granted. In 1903 27 applications were
received, of which four were granted and 23 refused. In
1904 27 applications were received, of which 10 were
granted. During 1905 to this date 12 applications have
been received, of which one has been granted, and two are
pending. I find that the refusal to grant inspection has,
in a majority of cases, been based on the fact that the ap¬
propriation lias been entirely inadequate to cover the inspec¬
tion of all meat used in interstate trade and the depart¬
ment policy appears to have been to grant inspection where
the outlay of money would cover the inspection of the larg-
est number of animals. I do not find that there has bee.n
any discrimination.’’ ... If recommendations now
under consideration by Secretary of Agriculture Wilson are
adopted, a radical change will be made in the manner of
publishing reports on cotton and other speculative crops,
and such scandals as were the result of the operations of
Edwin S. Holmes, Jr., former Associate Statistician of the
Department, will be obviated. It lias been suggested by
brokers in New York, particularly those that deal in cotton
that the Department should no longer take estimates of
cotton or other crops. Instead, they propose that the De¬
partment continue, as heretofore, the collection of informa¬
tion as to the crop conditions, and if possible strengthen
its force in the field. The plan submitted to Secretary W II-
son provides that, the Department shall stop with the col¬
lection of crop conditions, but that all data relating to crops
shall be made as fast as received, the estimates of pro¬
duction then to be made by those interested, this would
prevent the fluctuations in the market which always follow
the publication of crop reports and would make it impos¬
sible for anyone to profit by what is known as ‘inside in¬
formation.” As everybody concerned would have access to
the department returns, the juggling of figures would not
be possible. Secretary Wilson has taken the matter under
consideration and has promised to make announcement of
his decision in a few days.

THE PEACE CONFERENCE.— The treaty of peace be¬
tween Russia and Japan was signed at Portsmouth. N. II.,
September 5. The terms are those formerly announced,
with modifications. Russia flatly refused to pay an indem¬
nity, and this demand was withdrawn by Japan. Russia is
to pav the Japanese the cost of maintaining her prisoners,
deducting the expenses of the Japanese prisoners. Japan
receded from her demand that Knssia transfer to her all
Russian warships now interned in Pacific waters. .Japan
also waived the article compelling Russia to limit her naval
force in Pacific waters. Russia yielded to Japan fishing
rights on the Siberian coasts. It was agreed that Japan
should guarantee the integrity of Corea and be the predomi¬
nant influence in that country, all Russian subjects there to
enjoy the privileges of persons under the most favored na¬
tion clause. No fortifications are to be built by either Japan
or Russia near the Russo-Corean boundary line. Both ltus-
sian and Japanese troops are to quit Manchuria as soon as
possible. Russia is to transfer to Japan leases obtained1
from China for the occupation of the Liaotung Peninsula.
China is to recover the civil administration of Manchuria
in accordance with the Russo-Chlna treaty of April IS
1902. After a stubborn debate that for a time threatened
to break off the peace negotiations Sakhalin Island was di¬
vided equally between Russia and Japan, the latter country
to take the southern part. No objection was made by the
Russians to the transfer of the docks, magazines and other
Government works in Port Arthur and Dalny to Japan, inas¬
much as the Japanese had already captured them. I hey
only insisted that the rights of private property be respected
Russia will transfer to Japan the Eastern Chinese Rai way
from a point some miles south of Harbin to Port -Arthur.
She will retain the main Manchurian line to Vladivostok
After the signing of the treaty a thanksgiving service was
held in Christ church. Portsmouth, clergy of the Greek and
Episcopal churches officiating.

A WESTERN MAN LOOKS SOUTH.

Let me know, if you can, of a place in Virginia or Ohio
that I can rent for one year and buy afterwards if it suits
me: 100 acres is what I want. I can come with tools and
$1,000 in money and can give bank reference. I have ™
family three boys and five girls and wife, all are good
milkers: been in dairy business here for five years. I want
to leave, for the town is only 1,700 and there are at glass
time 40 or more cows in town and all sell milk. 1 am
milking now 20 cows and sell only 15 gallons of milk a day .
the rest I separate and feed the hogs, selling the butter
at 15 cents a pound. I think there are better places for
me. Land that is not too badly worn will not scare me
if the buildings are so I can do for one or two years.

Illinois. u- n- s-

It is Impossible to recommend properties and give a fair
idea to an intending purchaser who has never seen the
country. The State of Virginia stands in great need of just
such people as this correspondent describes himself to he,
and offers splendid advantages to them. There is no better
grass country on the face of the earth than can lie found
on either side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, within 50 miles
of Washington Citv. and in this whole section the dairy
business is practically undeveloped. The only thing for your
correspondent to do is to come down to our country and look
it over and I am sure he will abide with us. In my imme¬
diate section, Shenandoah Valley, where fruit raising is
being made a specialty, very little land is for sale, but I have
no doubt that your correspondent could find a farm for rent
that would suit him, as nearly all of our land not planted
to fruit is in the hands of renters, the land owner usually
furnishing all of the farm stock and equipments and the
renter furnishing the labor, each receiving half of the pro¬
ceeds This to a working man with a family of boys to help
out on a farm Is a sure road to a comfortable competency
and the ownership of a good farm. s. l. i„

sible. where the fruit will be gathered, graded, packed and
branded with the Association's brand. When it is not possi¬
ble to handle the fruit in this way, other arrangements can
be made. Further in formation will be supplied by the
chairman, Thos. W. Campbell, 26 Produce Exchange, New
York. _

POTATO CROP NOTES.

From observation and what limited information I have I
doubt whether Green County potato yield will exceed .><>
per cent. Producers are free sellers at 50 cents, our local
price, as much rot is likely to develop. K. a. hill.

Greene County, N. Y.

Early potatoes are small on account of dry weather. Late
ones are affected with leaf blight, so that on the whole they
cannot be counted more than half a full crop. They are
not grown largely in this section for market purposes. Per¬
haps one-half of the crop will be sold this Fall.

Lackawanna Co., Pa. george sisson.

As we have made no special effort to gather data in regard
to the potato crop in this district we can only make a rough
estimate, based mostly on our own field. There is from 6o
to 75 per cent of a crop. On our field there is no rot, but
reports are current locally that rot is quite prevalent, per¬
haps 20 per cent more. Therefore, by the time the potatoes
are ready for the market there will be not more than 50
to 60 per cent of a good yield. The crop will probably be
sold early. s’, H. Thomson.

Oneida" Co., N. Y.

Through central northern Ohio the late potatoes will be a
short crop. This year I planted Carman No. 3. Sir Walter
Raleigh and Whiton’s White Mammoth. I planted a few in
May, another lot June 12 and 13, the remainder June 20 and
21. For some unknown reason they set but a few potatoes
to each plant; while the vines look healthy the tubers are
not as large as they ought to be. I sprayed the vines four
times during season to prevent blight, which I think has im¬
proved the color of the vines. Most of the potatoes in this
section are blighted: there are not as many as usual planted
this year, and I look for the growers to sell at digging time.

Huron Co., Ohio. w. w. whiton.

Judging by the vines, as there is none of the regular field
crop dug yet, I would call it a light crop. Acreage is less
than common ; would put it at half of an average crop in
this section. I have traveled through 50 miles of potato
country, between Waterloo and Rochester and again judging
bv the vines, which are slim and spindling, and entirely
killed out in spots by the heavy rains occurring in the fore
part of the season, should judge the crop there would also
be light. This section is considered the best potato district
in the State. Most of the farmers here hold their potatoes
until the middle of the Winter or early Spring before sell¬
ing. As to plans this year, I could not say, as digging does
not begin for some four or five weeks yet.

Seneca Co., N. Y. george a. bonnei.l.

The outlook for even a fair potato crop in this section is
not favorable. The excessive wet weather has caused blight,
followed by rot. I don't think potatoes were over half
grown when the top began to show blight, and growth of the
tuber seemed to stop. Five applications of Bordeaux Mixture
have had but little effect in keeping the vines green. I do
not think that Wisconsin can be placed at over 50 per cent,
and even that may be lowered before the crop is secured
unless the rains let up. As to selling from the field, I think
farmers will be guided bv the condition of the crop. If they
show rot badly they will be hauled at once to the factory,
but if fairly free from rot a goodly number will be stored.
The rot is the brown rot, perfectly hard, and hard to sort
out, but soft enough and easy enough to he found after being
stored a month or two. e. h. c.

River Falls, Wis.

GRANGE MATTERS IN NEW JERSEY. — The National
Grange is to meet in Atlantic City November 13-28. This is
the first time Hie National Grange has ever met in New Jer¬
sey, and G. W. F. Gaunt, the hustling wideawake State Mas¬
ter, is using every endeavor to make it the largest and best
meeting the order has ever held. The Grangers in South
Jersey are seconding his efforts. Field days have just been
held in Gloucester. Salem, Burlington and Cumberland counties,
which were largely attended and very successful. At two of
them, the farmers were addressed by D. II. I.ovell. Superin¬
tendent of West Jersey, who stated that the 1*. It. It. and its
branches are anxious to help the farmers to sell tlielr
products to advantage, and that in order to do so, the rail¬
road lias opened up communication with 26 cities having
good markets. lie advocates the organization and co-opera¬
tion of tbe farmers to send their products in carload lots,
and thus secure higher prices. The Sweet Potato Growers
Union of Vineland, has adopted this plan for years, shipping
their sweets to some of the western markets with satis¬
factory results to all. When the farmers and railroads can
work together for mutual good, we shall see tbe millenimn
approaching. c- M- B-

OUTLOOK FOR ITAY. — F. Williams, a well-known hay
dealer of this city, makes the following statement about hay

prospects : , .

“Through correspondence received and personal visits In
many sections we figure that in the principal States tribu¬
tary to eastern markets (New York, Pennsylvania. Vermont,
Ohio, Michigan and Indiana) there is a full average crop,
larger than a vear ago in many sections of the West. The
quality will not average as good as last year, there being a
heavy growth of clover mixed and clover hay in many sec¬
tions of Ohio, Michigan and western New York, whereas
clover was light a year ago. Rainy weather prevented a
satisfactory hnrvest in many sections. Judging by these
general conditions shippers should be cautious about buy¬
ing low grades of hav, including clover, clover mixed and
weedy hay. This clas’s of stock should be secured at very
low figures; better grades should also be secured at moderate
figures. We believe the farmers who realize the true condi¬
tions, namely, that there is a large crop of hay throughout
the country, and are willing to accept reasonable figures for
their goods, will be acting wisely. About the first of Au¬
gust old hay was cleaned up closely in our market, and the
result was prices advanced: but since that time there has
been a gradual weakening owing to increased receipts. From
now on there will be very little old hay forwarded, as it is
all practically shipped out. Present prices for old hay range
from $11 for shipping hay to $16 and $17 for No. 1. New
hav has been arriving more freely during this week, most of
it in good condition, and it. is now meeting with ready sale.
It will only be a short time before all the old hay will be
sold up and only new for sale on the market. We have
disposed of considerable this week for $14 to $16 per ton for
Timothv However, the market has not been established on
new hay as yet. Prices may go lower than they are at the
present time.” _

CO OPERATIVE FRUIT PACKING.

For some time it has been felt by the members of the N.
Y State Fruit Growers' Association that the growers them¬
selves should take some active steps to better tbeir conditions
in regard to the sale of their fruit. In pursuance of this
object a special committee on plans for marketing was ap¬
pointed to investigate tbe various systems of marketing, and
to advise the members as to the most advantageous methods.
The committee presented a report at the Summer meeting of
the association, and it was resolved to make an effort in 20
or more localities to secure the packing, under competent
local supervision, of not less than a total of 50.000 barrels
of apples, to bear the brand of the New York State Fruit
Growers’ Association, and to be placed on the market through
the American Cold Storage & Shipping Company, and a com¬
mittee of five was appointed to determine whether the nec-
essary Quantity can he secured for this season, and if so, to
perfect and carry out the arrangements for packing, in¬
specting, branding and shipping. In accordance with this
resolution, the following committee was appointed to attend
to all the details connected with the operation of this plan :
T. W. Campbell. Albert Wood. S. W. Wadhams J. B. An¬
derson. W. C. Rogers, and T. B. Wilson. This is the first
time fruit shippers have been offered satisfactory facilities
for marketing their products in England and Europe. No
other companv or individual is in a position to do what
the American’ Cold Storage & Shipping Company will do
for members of the Association. It is tbe desire of the com¬
mittee to establish as many central packing houses as pos-

BUSINESS BITS.

Rex Flintkote Roofing is absolutely fire-resisting, the
gest and most expensive buildings at the World’s Fair
re all roofed with it. J. A. & W. Bird & Co., 70 India
eet Boston. Mass., are the underwriters: they make Rex
ntk’ote and to all who will send their name and address
>y will send a handsome free roofing booklet giving all

The gasoline engine is becoming more and more a neces¬
sity as the reliable power for the modern farm. The very
best engine for this purpose is probably the Stoddard gas¬
oline engine manufactured at Rutland. Vermont, by the
Stoddard Mfg. Co. It is so simple and controllable, and
performs such a wide range of work with such ease and at so
little expense, that it earns more clear money for the farmer
than half a dozen hands.

The kind of work that farmers have to do in tbe Fall
suggests anew the great usefulness of a low platform
wagon. The Electric Wheel Company. Quincy, Ill., makes
the Handy wagon, probably the best type of that kind of
wagon on the market. Nothing could more perfectly meet
the farmer’s needs in the cornfield. But corn gathering is
not the onlv us“ of such a wagon. There is no end to the
jobs where ’it serves better than the old style, high-wheeled,
narrow-tired wagon, and these jobs continue throughout the
year Any reader may get all needed information at first
hand by writing direct to the company mentioned above.

686

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September HS,

[ Woman and Home

From Day to Day

A STRIP OF BLUE.

I do not own an inch of land.

But all I see is mine —

The orchards and the mowing-fields.

The lawns and gardens fine,

The winds my tax-collectors are,

They bring me tithes divine —

Wild' scents and subtle essences
A tribute rare and free ;

And, more magnificent than all.

My window keeps for me
A glimpse of blue immensity —

A little strip of sea.

Richer am I than he who owns
(jreat fleets and argosies;

I have a share in every ship
Won by the inland breeze
To loiter on yon airy road
Above the apple trees.

I freight them with my untold dreams ;

Each bears my own picked crew ;

And nobler cargoes wait for them
Than ever India knew —

My ships that sail into the East
Across that outlet blue.

Sometimes they seem like living shapes —
The people of the sky —

Guests in white raiment coming down
From heaven, which is close by ;

I call them by familiar names.

As one by one draws nigh,

So white, so light, so spirit-like.

From violet mists they bloom !

The echoing wastes of the unknown
Are half reclaimed from gloom.

Since on life's hospitable sea
All souls find sailing-room.

The ocean grows a weariness
With nothing else in sight;

Its east and west, its north and south.
Spread out from morn till night ;

We miss the warm, caressing shore,

Its brooding shade and light,

A part is greater than the whole ;

By hints are mysteries told.

The fringes of eternity —

God's sweeping garment-fold,

In that bright shred of glittering sea,

I reach out for and hold.

The sails, like flakes of roseate pearl.

Float in upon the mist ;

The waves are broken precious stones —
Sapphire and amethyst
Washed from celestial basement walls.

By suns unsetting kissed.

Out through the utmost gates of space.
Past where the gray stars drift.

To the widening Infinite, my soul
Glides on, a vessel swift,

Yet loses not her anchorage
In yonder azure rift.

Here sit I, as a little child;

The threshold of God's door
Is that clear band of cli ry sop rase ;

Now the vast temple floor.

The blinding glory of the dome
I bow my head before.

Thy universe, O God, is home,

In height or depth, to me ;

Yet here upon Thy footstool green
Content am I to be :

Glad when is oped unto my need
Some sea-like glimpse of Thee.

— Lucy Larcom (1820-1893).

*

A corn slitter is one of the new kitchen
conveniences. In shape it resembles a
tablespoon with half its bowl removed.
A row of sharp teeth, formed by punching
through so as to turn in a triangle of the
metal, as in a coarse grater, slit the center
of the grains, while the slightly curved
edge of the bowl presses out the contents
of the kernel. This leaves the hull on
the ear, while removing all the edible part.
This little utensil costs 15 cents.

*

Coffee glace will make a hole in the
cream jar, but one could not offer a guest
a more delicious refreshment on a sultry
evening. Sweeten coffee while hot, cool,
then put on ice. Put crushed ice in a
small glass, half fill with the coffee, fill
up with iced cream, and serve with a
spoonful of whipped cream on top. Egg-
and-milk coffee, which is very popular at
city soda fountains, often forms the quick
lunch of a busy person, and it is well
worth trying. A fresh egg is beaten to a
froth, agitated violently in a glass of milk
flavored with strong sweetened coffee, and
served with cracked ice; a little grated
nutmeg on top if liked. Still another'
Summer combination is crushed peaches
with whipped cream. Ripe peaches are

crushed smooth, sweetened if necessary,
and chilled upon ice, then served in sher¬
bet glasses, with whipped cream piled on
top ; a delicious and sightly dessert.

*

One of our friends who has not been
successful in canning string beans now
dries them, and is very well satisfied with
the result. The beans are sliced as for
boiling, and then dried in the sun, and
stored away in paper bags. When pre¬
pared for use they are treated like dried
fruit ; soaked for several hours, and then
boiled in the water in which they were
soaked. The same housekeeper, in pre¬
paring corn for drying, immerses the ears
in scalding water for a few minutes before
cutting the grains off. This coagulates
the milk, so that the grain is cut off
without waste. The corn is cut off and
dried like the beans, and soaked in the

same way before cooking.

*

Patent leather hats for outing wear
have been favored this Summer by women
and young girls, as well as children. These
hats in their original form were only in¬
tended for yachting wear, being made of
straw covered with enameled waterproof
cloth. They were always made in sailor
shapes, and have long been popular abroad
for seaside wear. They are very conven¬
ient, being light, unspoilable, and imper¬
vious to water. The patent leather hats
now offered have wandered from this
original purpose, and are shown in a va¬
riety of shapes, sailors, bell crowns, con¬
tinentals, turbans and round-brimmed
streamers. They are inexpensive, costing
75 cents to $2, but should only be worn
over a fresh young face. The shiny
black fabric seems very trying to any face
past its first youthful bloom. A small
child, however, looks well in a rolling
sailor of this material, and such a hat has
an especial air of style when worn with
a white linen suit.

*

It is pleasing to learn that extra large
puffs will not be seen on the newest
gowns ; a sleeve of moderate size is pre¬
ferred. However, the fullness at top is
such a change from the large pouches at
the bottom worn last year that their loca¬
tion is a certain index to the date of the
garment. It is quite practicable to rem¬
edy this defect by turning the sleeves up¬
side down, removing the cuff and altering
the cut of the sleeve in accordance with a
recent pattern. While we hardly think it
worth while to do this with a wash waist,
silk or woolen waists of last season may
well be thus altered. We like to start at
such alterations in the early Fall, fresh¬
ening or making over garments of the
previous season before starting on any¬
thing new. This gives a chance to study
the pretty models of the season before de¬
ciding upon new garments. Among extra
waists, one of white poplin, with gilt or
silver buttons, made after a very simple
model, looks quite dressy and becoming,
and can be made at home at a compar¬
atively small expense. Plain shirt waists
of pretty woolen plaid are likely to be
much worn. A dark woolen dress of last
season, which has been outgrown, may be
remodeled for the growing girl by making
it into a suspender dress, with a separate
waist of plaid. If lengthening the skirt at
the hem is impracticable, it is often possi¬
ble to take a portion of the waist to form
a yoke for the skirt.

Aprons and Oversleeves. — A useful
present to give a housekeeper is a long
apron, one with straps over the shoulders
and that is long enough to come to the
bottom of the skirt, and a pair of over¬
sleeves made of the same material, with
elastics run in at both tops and bottoms.
With this apron and the sleeves on, one
may get a meal or wash dishes without
soiling one’s gown. There are many pret¬
ty prints; those with black figures on a
white ground usually wash nicely, and if
the figure covers the ground well they are
serviceable. s. b. r.

In Huckleberry Land.

Away up in northern Michigan are
thousands of acres where the first growth
of timber has been cut off, and the new
timber is not so large; very little under¬
brush. Here is the home of the spruce,
pine, Norway pine, Jack pine, cedar and
hemlock ; not so much of two last
named. The fires run over this land,
often leaving scars on the face of na¬
ture, but this furnishes the ideal soil
and conditions for the low and high-bush
huckleberry. People from all parts of
Michigan come and camp out, pick huck¬
leberries, fish in the clear cold streams,
and have a jolly time. Farmers come
with their families; big wagons, with a
tent and camping outfit; get a quantity of
the berries, have a change, play boy again,
paddle in the streams, perhaps kill a
deer, and have the head mounted to take
home as a souvenir. Sometimes a bear
is seen ; then there is a scurrying among
the small boys, as well as the larger. It is
called “the plains”; thousands of acres,
more level than the prairies, all sand in
many places, in others a mixture of gravel,
but it is either sand or sandy loam gen¬
erally. The low-bush huckleberry is not
over a foot high, and more often not over
six or eight inches. Pickers come in and
pick and buy; ship out hundreds of bush¬
els every day. The Mackinaw division of
Michigan Central railroad runs through
these lands, and at every station are buy¬
ers for the berries. There are other wild
fruits here, not only the red but also the
white currant grows wild; the gooseberry,
blackberry, raspberry, Sand cherry, and
also a fruit the natives call the sweet
cherry, which has almost no pit and is
much liked by many. The wild flowers
are exceedingly beautiful; some rare or¬
chids have been found in the swamps, I
am told, and some strange new beauty is
found every day in these northern wilds.
Numerous beautiful lakes are scattered all
through northern Michigan. The climate
is very healthful, and it is an ideal place
for spending the hot months. Many re¬
sorts are being opened up, and people con¬
gregate here, where old clothes are good
enough and the latest fashions are not
thought of. MRS. FREDERICK C. JOHNSON.

XX X X X X

| Elastic Heating

i

1 American * Ideal

■1 ii Radiators ^IBoilers

may at any time be easily and quickly
changed in size should room or build¬
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never plays out — can always be
adapted to meet any change in heat¬
ing requirements.

As IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators do
not rust or corrode, they will outlast the building.
Outfit soon pays for itself in keeping down coal bill.
Fix your fire not oftener than once each night and
morning. Nowsimply putln OLD or new buildings—
FARM or city — piping is concealed and radiation
placed in out ofthe way positions.

IDEAL Boilers are made in all sizes, for any build¬
ing. AMERICAN Radiators are made in all sizes,
shapes and 36 patterns— no place for dust to lodge-
invisible legs for carpeted floors— plate warmers for
dining rooms — narrow shapes for halls and bath¬
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nursery, etc. — big radiators for storm vestibules, outer
hallways and along exposed walls. You will need
our catalogue to choose from. Mailed free. Those
who remember last Winter's cold, write us today —
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Ourgoods are warehoused in all parts ofthe U. S.

j\MERIGANRADIATORrOA1PANY

v

Dept. 9.

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A KALAMAZOO

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$40 on every purchase, because we save you all middle¬
men’s, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We’re manufactur¬
ers, not “mail-order dealers;” we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the world;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Oven
Thermometer I

; equipped

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

JV e Probably can ref er you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

ft gZ for this Big Handsome DlftlfiC
• 9v Nickel Trimmed Steel HHlUCi

i

without warming closet or reservoir. With high warming closet, por¬
celain lined reservoir, just as shown in cut, $ 1 3.95. Made with large
oven, six No. 8 cooking holes, rogular 8-18 size— body made of cold rolled
ateel plate. Burns wood or coal. All nickel parts highly polished,
p g>* ■ ■ are the most liberal ever made. You can pay after
nilD I V* KMX you receive the range. You can take it Into your
UUn | La|| |f| U own home, use It 30 days, If you do not find It exaet-
as represented, theblggest bargain you ever saw, equal to stoves sold at
our price, return It to us, and we will pay freight both ways.

A||T TUIC All OUT . Send It to us and we will mall you FREE our
OU I I nlO AU U U I i" new special Stove Catalogue, describing this
handsome steel range. Also the most complete line of stoves and ranges In
the world. All shown In large Illustrations, full descriptions, at prices much
lower than any one else can make you. Catalog explains our terms fully.
nnil’T DIIV A CTDIIE ofanyklnduntllyougetourn.w Urg. ilov.uta.
uun I DU I A w I UVC logue and read about our wonderful stove oilers.
Most liberal terms and lowest prices ever made. Also explains how to order

MARVIN SMITH GO. CHICAGO.

IEDdystoNE

l PRINTS

True Economy

Will your dress wear? Will its beauty last?
Will it be worth the time and work spent on it?

These questions are all asked by the care¬
ful dresser. She finds her answer in Simp-
son-Eddystone Prints, which wear better
and keep their brightness and freshness
longer than ordinary calico.

For 62 years the standard of the United States.
Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddy stone Prints.
In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
IJlues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.
‘Thousands of first-clan dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

1905.

687

THE RURAL NE W-Y O R K E R.

The Rural Patterns.

The tucked blonse shown is extremely
pretty in wasli goods, and is also very
suitable for soft woolens like albatross,
lansdowne or challis. 1 he waist consists
of the front, the backs and the yoke,
which is cut in one piece and joined to

tomatoes; let stand five minutes, then the
skins can be rubbed off. Remove stem
end, then slice tomatoes. Cook until soft,
add the sugar and stew until very thick;
then add spices and vinegar. Let sim¬
mer 20 minutes, pour into jars and seal.

Mixed Marmalade. — Take equal quan¬
tities of peaches, apples, pears and
quinces that have been pared, cored and
cut in eighths. Cook quinces in water
to cover until almost tender. Drain and
measure the water, h or six pounds of
mixed fruit there should be one pint of
water. Add quinces to the other fruit,
place in preserve kettle with water, and
let them cook thoroughly, but not burn.
Take out and mash well together. Meas¬
ure. Clean the kettle and put them
back with half their weight in granulated
sugar. Let them cook very slowly two
hours. Keep them stirred well from the
bottom and protect with an asbestos mat
or set the kettle in another containing
boiling water, as on no account must the
jam burn. Seal in small jars.

Tomato Marmalade. — Remove the skin
from four quarts of ripe tomatoes and
slice. Cut six large lemons in halves,
lengthwise, and slice very thin. Seed one
cup of raisins. Put the tomatoes, raisins

and lemons into a preserving kettle, in
layers, alternating with four pounds of
granulated sugar. Cook one hour on the
front of stove. Then set the kettle back,
and allow contents to simmer until it is of
the consistency of marmalade. Put up,
while hot, as jelly. This recipe makes
about two and one-half quarts. When
properly prepared no one article will be
recognizable. I he small yellow tomatoes
are nice for such use.

Three Peach Recipes.

Pickled Peaches.— For pickling select
medium-sized peaches, ripe and firm. Rub
off the down with a piece of flannel. To
eight pounds of fruit use four pounds of
granulated sugar, one quart of vinegar,
two ounces of stick cinnamon. Boil the
sugar, vinegar and cinnamon for five min¬
utes. Then put in the peaches carefully,
a few at a time. If one likes cloves, two
or three may be stuck in each peach.
When the peaches are done enough to be
easily pricked with a fork, take them out
and put in the jar. When the peaches are
all cooked boil the syrup till a little thick,
pour over peaches and seal cans or jars.

Peach Butter.— This is a nice way to
use up peaches that are too ripe for can¬

ning or pickling. Pare ripe peaches, put
in a kettle with sufficient water to cover
peaches; when soft run through a col¬
ander, the stones being thus easily re¬
moved. To each quart of peaches thus
prepared add V/2 pound of granulated
sugar. Boil slowly till thick; add ground
cinnamon to taste. 1 his, like all butters
and marmalades, requires constant watch¬
ing to keep the fruits from burning.

Baked Peaches. — Take firm ripe peaches
of a good size. Rub carefully with flan¬
nel ; make a slight cut in both ends, ar¬
range in the baking dish, sprinkle with
sugar, fill the dish half full of water.
Bake till tender. Serve either hot or cold
with cream. helen c. Andrews.

Mock Olives— Two quarts of green
plums, V/2 tablespoonful mustard seed,
2/2 tablespoonfuls salt, two quarts vine¬
gar. Place the plums in a stone jar with
mustard seed and salt ; turn the vinegar
into a preserving kettle, bring to a boil
and pour over plums. Cover closely.
Next day drain off the vinegar, bring
again to a boil and pour over plums while
hot. If plums are large repeat the third
morning. When cold place all in olive
bottles and cork tightly. They will taste
like real olives.

6084- Tucked Blouse, 32 to 42 bust.

them, while the neck is finished with a
standing collar. The sleeves combine full
puffs with pointed cuffs, the seams being
concealed by the trimming. The quantity
of material for the medium size is 4%.
yards 21, 3^ yards 27 or two yards 44
inches wide with 4Rf yards of lace inser¬
tion to trim as illustrated for the medium
size. The pattern 5084 is cut in sizes for
a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust meas¬
ure; price 10 cents.

The useful blouse for boys shown in
No. 5083 is made with fronts and back
and is simplicity itself, being shaped by
means of shoulder and under-arm seams.
There is a narrow standing collar at the

neck and the closing is made well over to
the left in conformity with the Russian
style. For a boy of eight years will be
required two yards of material 27, V/$
yards 32 or lH yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern 5083 is cut in sizes for boys
of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years; price 10 cents.

Fruit Butter and Marmalade.

Garfield Butter.— Use two-thirds plums
and one-third peaches. Stone the plums
and pare and stone the peaches. Mash
and heat slowly to boiling, boil until soft,
then rub through a sieve. Measure the
pulp thus obtained and to one measure of
fruit add three-quarters of a measure of
sugar. Boil until thick, stirring contin¬
ually, then put into jars and seal.

Tomato Butter. — Seven pounds of large,
ripe tomatoes, four pounds of brown
sugar, half a cupful of vinegar, one tea¬
spoonful of cinnamon, one teaspoon fill
of cloves. Pour boiling water over the

\

ESgS^teassL

Church Workers

and

Church Singers

izsn

•v, .'</ ,w, . va'1 < t Wirwlfa »>• ^

Several pages of new ideas and
new material in the coming num¬
bers of The Tadics Howe Jouviial.

Entertainments by Young People’s Societies. Programs planned
especially for amateur local talent where resources are limited.

New Church Suppers and Church Fairs. Pages of ideas on menus
and management, all of the out-of-the-ordinary kind ; both large and
small suppers and fairs.

The Church Choir will be given several beautiful devotional songs

Come Unto Me,” by Jessie Hilton
Farrell Wilson ; an invitingly restful solo,
beautiful for church singing.

Crossing the Bar,” Mr. George B.
Nevin’s setting for Tennyson’s great
poem for effective quartette singing.

Two beautiful devotional songs by Kate Douglas Wiggin.

In the December issue : a Christmas Cantata, a Christmas Prayer and hints foi
Sunday-School entertainments. A splendid description of “ 1 he Successors o
Moody and Sankey,” with their famous “Glory Song” given with lull music.

See the present and future numbers of

The Ladies’ Home Journal

On sale anywhere and everywhere at 15 cents per copy, or sent to any
address for one year, until Oct. i,on receipt of $1.00; after Oct. 1, $1.25.

The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

688

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 16,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yokkeb, Sept. 1G, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Rye and Vetch for Hay . 077

The Manure Spreader in Snow . 078

Clover In Wheat Stubble . 079

Further Remarks About Alfalfa . 079

Orange In Small Places . 079

Mowing Blighted Potato Vines . 080

Hope Farm Notes . 083

Potato Crop Notes . 085

Outlook for Hay . 085

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Mapes, the Hen Man . 077, 078

Ventilation and Dairy Problems . 078

Linseed Meal for Hens . 089

Small Flock of Hens . 089

Yalue of College Dairy Course . 090

Sick Hens . 090

Clover Chaff for Poultry . 690

Feeding Cotton-seed Meal . 691

Feeding Those Iowa Pigs . 691

Fall Pippin . 2.00

Nyack Pippin . 2.00

Orange Pippin . 2.00

Open heads, bbl . 1.00

Pears. Seckel, bbl . 1.00

Bartlett . 3.00

Clapp’s Favorite . 2.00

Beurre Clairgeau . 2.50

Beurre d' Anjou . 2.00

Louise Bonne . 2.25

Flemish Beauty . 1.75

Common kinds . 2.00

Plums, State, carrier . 75

State, 8 1h. basket . 15

Peaches, Md. & W. Va., carrier 75

Md. & W. Va., basket . 30

Jersey, basket . 25

Penn., basket . 30

Penn., 10-lb. basket . 20

Pine Island, carrier . 75

Pine Island, basket . 25

State, basket . 25

State, 2-basket crate .
State, 20-pound basket
Michigan, bush-basket

. Grapes. Up-river,

Pullets . 691

What To Do With

How to Increase Butter Fat . 691

HORTICULTURE.

Some Promising’ New Plums . 077

Starting Tree Seeds in Kansas . 079

It Pays to be Sure . 079

Apples for Maine . 080

Bermuda Onions in Florida . 680

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 082

Cooperative Fruit Packing . 085

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 080

Aprons and Oversleeves . 680

In Huckleberry Land . 080

The Rural Patterns . 087

Fruit Butter and Marmalade . 687

Three Peach Recipes . 687

Mock Olives . 087

MISCELLANEOUS.

Big Stories Made Smaller . 078

Grading and Packing Raw Furs . 679

Questions About Water Pipe . 080

Stove Wood in California . 081

Trap for Sink Drain . 681

Questions About Wire Fencing . 081

Editorials . 684

Events of the Week . 685

A Western Man Looks South . 085

Grange Matters in New Jersty . 085

Business Bits . 685

Products, Prices and Trade . 689

MARKET

Prices current at New York during week
ending September 9, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2. Red . — @ 86%

No. 1, Northern Duluth.... — @ 91%

Corn . — @ 60

Rye . — @ 30

Rye . — @ 04

Barley . — @ 40

Del.

case.

60

20

50

00

50

00

60

40

50

@15.50
@14.00
@ 1 3.50
@13.50
@15.00

@10.75
@ 1 9.25
@21.75
@30.00
@29.50

cents per

1S%@

17%@
16% @
15 @

19

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . . 14.50

No. 2 . 13.50

No. 3 . 12.50

Clover mixed . 12.50

Straw, long rye . 14.00

FEED.

Spring bran . —

Standard middlings . —

Hominy chop . —

Oil meal . —

Cottonseed meal . —

MILK.

New York Exchange price 2%
quart in 20-cent zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 20%

Firsts . 19%

Seconds . l£

Thirds .

State Dairy, half-tubs, extras.

Tubs, firsts . 18%

Tubs, seconds . 17%<^

Lower grades . 16%(£

Western imitation creamery

extras .

Firsts . . .

Western factory, firsts ....

Seconds .

Lower grades .

Renovated, extras .

Firsts . 18@@

Seconds . 16 %@

Lower grades . 15 @

Packing stock. No. 1 . — @

No. 2 . 16% @

No. 3 . 15 @

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy . 12

Fair to choice . 11%..

Light skims, choice . 9% @

Part skims, prime . 8%@

Full skims . 2\£ @

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

Selected, white, choice .

Nearby, mixed, extra .

State, Pa. and nearby, mixed,

firsts to extra firsts .

Western, extra firsts .

Western, firsts .

Western, seconds .

Western, thirds .

Kentucky, fresh gathered ....

Western and Southern, inferior
DRIED FRUITS
Apples Evap. 1904, fancy...

Evaporated, 1904, choice .

Evaporated, 1904, prime . . .

Evaporated. 1904, cm to gd

Sun-dried, 1904, Ohio .

Sun-dried, 1905, Southern..

Sun-dried, 1905, S’h’n, sliced
Cores and skins, 1904, 100

pounds . 1

Raspberries, 1905 .

Huckleberries, 1905, .

Blackberries, 1905 .

Cherries, 1905 .

FRESH FRUITS,

pies, Alexander, bbl . 2.50 @4.00

Graveustein . 2.25 @3.25

Duchess of Oldenburg ....2.25 @3.25

Wealthy . 2.50 @3.50

Maiden Blush . 2.00 @3.00

Holland Pippin . 2.00 @2.75

York Pippin . 2.00 @3.00

@

11%

9%

8%

3%

26

@

27

24

@

25

—

@

24

20

22

21

@

oo

—

(a

20

17

@

18%

15

@

16

15

@

16%

11

@

14

8

@

7%

@

—

7

@

7%

4 % @

6

3

@

3%

3

@

3%

4

@

4%

.40 @1,

22 @
11 @
7% @
11 %@

55

23

11%

il*

Apg

Up-river, Niagara, case
Up-river, Moore’s Early, case
Up-river, Worden, case ....
Up-river, Champion, per case
Cranberries, Cape Cod, bbl ....

Cape Cod, crate . 1.75

Huckleberries, quart . 0

Muskmelons, Md. & Del, crate. 50
Jersey, crate or basket .... 25

Rocky Ford, Col., standard

crate . 50

Rocky Ford, Col., pony crate 50
Watermelons, N. Car. carload 75.00
Maryland and Delaware. . 100.00

Jersey . 150.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes. L. I. & Jer., 189 lbs. 1.75

Long Island . 1.62

Jersey, round . 1.50

Jersey, long . 1.50

Delaware and Maryland . . . .1.37
Sweet Potatoes, Southern, yel¬
low, bbl . 1.02

. 3
. 75
.1.25
. 75
.2 50

Brussels Sprouts. L. I., quart.

Beets, nearby. 100 bunches...

Carrots, washed, bbl .

Unwashed .

Cabbage, nearby, 100 .

Celery, dozen . 15

Cucumbers, bbl . 1.50

Cucumber pickles, 1.000 . 1.50

Corn. Hackensack, 100 . 60

Other Jersey . 50

Up-river . 50

Cauliflowers, Long Island, bbl. 1.50

Buffalo, bushel basket . 1.00

Eggplants, Jersey, bbl . 60

Jersey, basket or box . 25

Lettuce, State, half bbl. basket 75

Western N. Y., dozen . 30

Oniois, Jersey, white, half-bb!

basket . 50

@3.00
@2.50
@2.25
@2.50
@2.50
@5.00
@4.00
@3.50
@2.75
@2.75
@3.00
@2.75
@1.25
@ 25
@1.50
@ 90
@1.00
@ 90
@ 40
@1.50
@ 90
@ 90
@ 85
@ 40
@1.25
(a 90
@ 75
@ 70
@ 70
@ 50
@0.50
@2.25
@ 10
@1.25
@1.25

@2.00

@1.00

@150.00

@200.00

@250.00

@2.00
@1.87
@1.75

@

@1.62

@1.87
@ 9

@1.00
@

@1.00
@5.00
@ 50
@2.50
@3.00
@1.00

@3.00
@1.25
@1.00
@ 50
@1.25
@ 50

Connecticut,
Connecticut,
Connecticut.
Long Island,
Ohio, white.

white, bbl.
yellow, bbl...

red. bbl .

yellow, bbl . . .
bushel crate.

.2.00

.1.50

.1.50

.1.25

50

30

20

or-,

@2.50
@1.75
(3 1.75
@1.50
@1.00
@2.00
@1.50
@1.50
@ 75

@1.00
@1.00
@ 60
@ 75
@ 75
@1.25
@ 75
@ 50

Orange Co., N. Y., white, bag! .00
Orange Co., NT. Y., yellow.. 1.25
Orange Co., N. Y„ red.... 1.25

Peppers, Jersey, bbl . 35

Spinach, bbl . 75

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 50

Marrow7 . 40

White . 50

Yellow7 crook-neck . 50

Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 1.00

Tomatoes, Upper Jer. Acme, box 50
• Up. Jer. other kind, box.... 25
South Jersey, Acme, box. . . .

So. Jersey, other kinds, box
Jersey and Del. peach has..

HOPS.

Choice . . 22

Medium to prime . 19

Ordinary . 17

Oids . 10

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bu . 3. 52% @3.55

Common to good . 2.75 @3.45

Medium, choice . 2.22% @2.25

Common to good . 1.80 *@2.20

Pea, choice . — @1.75

Common to good . 1.00 @1.70

Red Kidney, choice . 3.12% @3.15

@

@

@

@

@

(a

@

60

40

40

23

21

18

12

@

@

@

@

@

Common to good
White Kidney, choice ....3.70

Yellow7 Eye, choice. . 2.00

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chickens, lb . —

Fowls, Western . —

Turkeys . —

Ducks, pair . 50

Spring, pair .

Geese, pair . 1.00

Pigeons, pair . —

DRESSED POULTRY.
Turkeys, Spring, 3 a 3% lbs

each .

Spring. 4 lb’s, and over..

Old Western, average best.

Old Western, fair to good..

Old Western, poor .

Spring Chicken, Pliila. fancy..

Penna., choice to fancy....

Penna., fair to good .

Western, choice to fancy..

Western, fair to good . 12% @

Fowls, No. Ind.. Ill. & Iow7a.. *@

So. Ind. & Ill . 14 @

Other Southw’n & South’n.. 14 @

@3.10

@3.75

@2.10

14

14

14

80

40

@1.25
@ 20

30

15

16
14
18
1 4 % @

13 @

14 “

Western & Southern, poor to

fair . 12

Spring Ducks, Long Island &

Eastern . 16

Pennsylvania & Virginia.... 14

Western . 10

Squabs, Prime, large, white,

dozen . 2.50

Mixed . 2.00

Dark . 1.50

Ca 2.02
(a 2.15
@1.62

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, Trime veals . 12 @ 12%

Fair to good . 10% @ 11%

Common . 8 @ 10

Buttermilks . 6 @ 8

Pork, Light . 9 % @ —

Medium . 8 %@ 9

Heavy . — @ —

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.00 @5.50

Calves, veal . 5.50 @9.00

Culls . 3.50 @5.00

Sheep . 3.50 @5.25

Lambs . 6.50 @8.25

Hogs . 6.50 @6.70

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for car lots,
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . —

Muriate of potash . —

Acid phosphate . —

Kainit . —

Dried blood . —

Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots, lb —

Sulphur flour, bbl. lots, lb. . . —

Single bag

@52.00
@42.00
@14.00
(a 12.00
@50.00
@ — 0
@ 2%

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply anc
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Rubkroid is more efficient, durable and
economical than any other prepared roofing.

Rubekoid contains no tar, rubber or other
short-lived ingredients to melt in hot weather,
and become dry and brittle with age, but will
retain its strength, flexibility and pliability
indefinitely.

Rubekoid is positively weather-proof and
fire resisting, and it is equally applicable to
the small farm shed or handsome residence.

Shingles rot and metal rusts. Rubekoid
costs less, lasts longer, requires less attention,
may be applied by any handy man, and is
bound to give good results.

Full directions and nails, tin caps and cement
furnished free with every roll. Send for free
sample and booklet “ R.”

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

Sole Manufacturers,
lOO William Street, New York.

APPLE AND PEACH CARRIERS.

If you have fine Apples, Beaches or Tomatoes, ship
them in the South Side Carriers.

SOUTH SIDE M’F’G CO., Petersburg, Va.

From City to Farm.

A city bred young man, 20 years, of good family,
who has become nervous in a city office, wants to find
a place on a farm, where he can earn his board at
light work. He wants to spend a whole year in the
country, and is anxious to learn and to be employed.
He is a young man of good habits, steady and sober,
but lias no experience in farm work. If yon would
like to communicate with him, address, W. M., care
The Rural New-Vokker.

WELL EDUCATED AND RELIABLE YOUNG
" GERMAN, HO, single, familiar with all farm
work, wishes position by year on gentleman's place
or small farm; best reference from the present place.
Address “ German Fanner,” care of R. N.-Y.

CARM FOR SALE AT A SACRIFICE, Adapted
1 for all farming; finely located: suitable for gentle¬
man’s residence. R. LANCRAFT, Burwell Street,
New Haven, Connecticut.

FflR Q A I F 142 ACRES of land; 10 acres under good
IUn OHLL fence and 200 bearing orange trees;
good house. J. B. HAYMART, Como, Fla.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

FRUITS, VEGETABLES^

Apples. Peaches, Pears. Plums, Grapes, Potatoes and
all Vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc., wanted. Top prices
secured for choice products.

Write us what you have to offer.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUN'I’RY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited.

34 & 36 Little liitli St„ New York.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring 'Pop Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New York.

WANTED! BALDWIN APPLES

for export. I want several large orchards; must be
A No. 1 quality. Address,

L. ANDERSON, Roselle, New Jersey.

MUSHROOM BASKETS;

The Regular Standard Mushroom Baskets, Send
for catalogue and prices.

SOUTH SIDEM’FG. CO.. Petersburg, Va.

THE SCHOOL QUESTION 1

Catalogues and reliable information concerning all
schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street, New York, N. l.

MUSIC LESSONS booklet, SPREE.

It tells bow to learn to play any instrument, Piano,
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc. Write American
School of Music, 328 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, III.

ATT E N T I O N IS 2,‘Z EX

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.x

AGENTS

WANTED to soil our n a
For particulars wri to Nil B|\
Nat. Silo & Lumber Co. wll*Mg
18 Pymatuning St., Liuesville, Pa.

FOR SALE— FARM OF 100 ACRES.

Two large houses — one stone, one wooden ; four tene¬
ment houses; large barn, carriage house, wagonhouse,
granary and tool-house. Finest of running, never-fail¬
ing spring water at houses and barn. Fine location
for country home or summer resort. About three
miles east of the beautiful village of Brandon, Vt., on
the main road to Rochester; about five miles by road
from Lake Dunmore, or Silver Lake. For further
particulars, inquire of IRVING C. NEWTON,

Administrator, Ticonderoga, N. V

Southern Colony;

Now forming, Farm¬
ers, M e rc bants,
Mechanics, all lines.
_ Free sites for Fac¬
tories. No Saloons. Send 2c. stamp for full particulars.

Southern Land & Dev, Co.. Box E, 1 40 Nassau St,,NewYork

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

The best in the State. 300 acre Stock Farm ; Dairy
Farms; Truck and Fruit Farms; all sizes. Send for
lists. A. W. DRESSER, Burlington, N. J.

J \ NTPn-Tcn to 20 registered or eligible
" 1 HD HOLSTEIN or JERSEY COWS.

Winter milkers, for delivery in October. Give full
description, witli lowest cash price.

GEO. P. KARST. Forestvillo, N. Y,

FOR SALE TH0R0UG1,BRKD SCOTCH COLLIE

COW DOGS, one year old.

WM. WILDGRUBF,

ie year o
S, N. Fra

uikiin, N, Y.

0 1 P Pigs.— April and July farrow. Prices reason-
• I. Ui able. VanDoren Bros,, Lysander, N. Y.

O. I. C. PIGS

and Sept, farrow.

Y.

Five strains not akin; Aug.

Registered stock; prices low.

if. J. SCHWARTZ, KastPliarsaliii, N

Buy a Service Boar From

Willswood Recorded Berkshires

They are foundation stock, being the oldest Ameri¬
can English Herd. Special offering of Spring far¬
rowed Boars large enough for service, average 200
lbs. each. Selling this month at $25.

WILLS A. SEWARD, Butld’s Lake, N. J.

SURE CURE

!UPTU!

Brooks’Applianoe

New discovery. No obnox¬
ious springs or pads. Auto¬
matic Air Cushion. Hinds
und draws the broken
purts together us you
would a broken limb. No
salves. No lymphol. No
lies. Durable, cheap. Put.
Bept. 10. '01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOCUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE CO- Box 195, MARSHALL. MICH.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kina Tnat Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building:, Pittsburg-h, Pa

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN,"

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Lea. to Buy and Less to Bun. Quickly, easllystarted. Novibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
tionary or traction. Mention this paper. Send FOR CATALOGUE. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO-, Mfrs., 1 " “ ~ “ * -

STOP THAT COUGH

JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known <8b used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST.

ft' ’ >

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

689

PRODUCTS, PRICES , AND TRADE.

Selling Cotton Direct. — A move of some
magnitude is under way by which it is ex¬
pected that about 1,000,000 bales of cotton
will be sold direct from planters to spinners,
without the middleman having any hand in
it There is no thought of running the spec¬
ulators and exchanges out of a job, but, the
spinners are anxious to get their raw mate¬
rial without the freakish uncertainty of tak¬
ing it from speculative channels. All in¬
terested in fair and square trade will wish
tliis movement well. But the speculators
may be expected" to do all they can to
squelch it by bidding up on any lots that in¬
dependents are after, hoping thus to influ¬
ence the growers to keep in the old ruts.

Pears. — Receipts have increased sufficient¬
ly to weaken the market. After being fed
with California Bartletts the fruit stand
trade looks rather coldly on eastern grown
pears, which lack in size and color but are
often superior to western pears. One vari¬
ety of real merit, which is scarcely known
to the retail trade is Louise Bonne de Jer¬
sey. Those who have eaten tills when prop¬
erly ripened will remember the juicy melting
llesh and refreshing acidity, unusual in a ripe
pear. The trade is at a disadvantage in
handling these nearby pears on account of the
different degrees of maturity in which they
arrive. Coming in small lots from many dif¬
ferent. places there is no uniformity of grad¬
ing and ripening, as with the large western
orchards, which send thousands of bushels of
pears that look just about alike.

Express Service. — The remarks on page
<184 regarding business methods of the ex¬
press companies could be enlarged upon by
many produce dealers in this city. Accord¬
ing to them the main difference between
the express companies is that some are worse
than others. The writer has seen a mass of
correspondence extending over three years in
which the dealer had vainly attempted to get
a settlement for goods lost or damaged in
which the fault of the express company was
proved and acknowledged. Most complain¬
ants get discouraged at the endless excuses,
‘"looking up,” “referring to the proper per¬
son,” etc., etc., and give it up, which result
appears to be what this “common carrier” is
aiming at. Their system of collecting ex¬
press charges from patrons is so simple and
right to the point that it seems strange that
they are not able to devise some less red-tap.v
method of settling just and acknowledged
claims.

Peaches. — During the past week a very
large quantity of small fruit has been seen,
some no larger than hickoVynuts. Yet choice
peaches have been so scarce that considerable
shopping around was necessary to get any¬
thing desirable at any reasonable price ; $2
for a half-bushel basket aud $4 for the ordi¬
nary 24-quart crate are extravagant from the
housekeepers’ point of view. As is usual at
times when such a variety of good, bad and
Indifferent peaches are on hand, retail buyers
have suffered from awfully stuffed baskets.
Dealers on streets leading to the ferries ex¬
pect a lot of trade from suburbanites who
are in a hurry to catch trains, and have a lot
of baskets already fixed for such buyers. The
two top layers are choice ; through the wide
cracks in the side of the basket big red
peaches are seen ; and the top has a few
leaves and twigs to give the appearance of
having been packed in the orchard. But six
quarts of specked or otherwise worthless
peaches will be so skillfully hidden away in
the basket that they are no' noticed until
emptied out.

Apple Matters. — “The shippers are pay¬
ing 80 cents per barrpl here for apples of all
sorts, from small ones, about 1 14 inch in
diameter, to as large and nice as they can
get. Is this a fair price, or would 1 better
ship to New York or Philadelphia?”

Virginia. s. c.

This price seems small, hut it w'ould he im¬
possible to tell much about it without know¬
ing more definitely what proportion of num¬
ber one apples the trees yield. The choice
fruit is what, will bring the profit if any is
made. Apple buyers may be expected to
operate cautiously this year, remembering t lie
severe losses that some have suffered through
carelessness or had judgment, and this cau¬
tion will be a good thing all around, for
most of the losses of apple buyers are even¬
tually borne, in one way or another, by the
growers themselves. If a man is situated so
that he can pick and pack his owm apples, he
will stand a better chance of getting what the
fruit is actually worth. Year after year,
by consigning to some first class commission
merchant such a man will get the best mar¬
ket price, that is. what the dealer nearest
the consumer can he made to pay. If one is
not satisfied with this, he must expect to
bear the losses as well as the profits incident
to genuine speculation. Those who cannot
prepare their own crop for market must, of
course, depend on buyers, some of whom are
honest and careful and others devoid of these
qualities. Under the circumstances named,
the writer’s choice would be to consign rather
than sell for 80 cents, provided the propor¬
tion of cull fruit was not excessive. Fall
apples are selling very well here at present
from $2 to $4 per barrel. Alexander brings

the top price, and Wealthy. Gravenstein and
Oldenburg next. Other varieties seen are the
various pippins, and Maiden Blush. h.

LINSEED MEAL FOR HENS.

IIow much linseed meal should be fed to
hens? Would it pay to buy meat meal?

L. H.

We would not use over 10 per
cent of linseed meal in the mash. Watch
the fowls when linseed is fed. It is apt
to cause looseness of the bowels in some
hens. Meat meal is better for the mash
if it does not cost too much.

A SMALL FLOCK OF HENS.

In September, 1903, I purchased 10 pul¬
lets and a cockerel, hatched in May. Last
season I raised 50 chickens and disposed
of my yearling hens in the Fall. The ac¬

count follows :

Dr. Cr.

Stock purchased . $ 6.10

Grain, etc . 10.58

1061 eggs laid . 19.98

Stock sold . 4.24

Balance . 1.54

Besides the small net gain shown I had
two dozen young cockerels for the table
and 2(5 fine pullets, which make up my
present flock. The hens averaged 106 eggs
each. Six were Buff Leghorns. They
laid well in December, but had their
combs frozen in January and stopped for
a month. Now I have all American Dom¬
iniques and they do not mind cold
weather. Last year the Dominiques did
not begin laying as early as the Leg¬
horns, but made the better record on the
whole.

My henhouse is on the south side of
my barn, 10 x 12, high, with tight floor;
windows south and east; kept clean at all
times. In the Fall I gather large quan¬
tities of leaves and keep the floor covered
six inches deep; change and sweep every
week. I use very little ground feed.
Wheat is staple, but 1 also give corn, oats
and buckwheat. I feed young chickens
whole grain, commencing with rice, and
keep shells and grit in open box ; fresh
clean water daily. In Summer 1 gather
fine road dust and keep a large box of
this in front of south window; change
contents every two or three weeks ; feed
three times a day and scatter grain in
leaves. I manage to make the fowls al¬
ways act hungry when I go into the hen¬
house, so they are constantly disposed to
work.

Every day I give the flock what my
little daughter calls a “surprise.” Now
it is a cabbage suspended from a nail;
next, meat similarly hung ; then clover
rowen, scraps from the table, a few apples,
a turnip, raw potatoes, or a basket of hay
seed from the cow’s manger. I keep my
cow well hedded with leaves and from the
stable and henhouse get several loads
of first-class fertilizer, free from weed
seed, for my garden. a. c. m.

Broome Co., N. Y.

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination

CALDWELL

Tanks don’t leak. They
are made right. We build
tanks of Kverlastlng Cy¬
press; also White Flue.
We have hundreds we
can reier to In your
vicinity. Semi for Illus¬
trated catalogue and
price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

NODAMAGE

To Page Stock Fence* to climb
over, ait npou, fall bit; trees across
or run teams or automobiles into
them. Made of the strongest spring
steel wire known, theystnnd hard
use and abase. Write for evidence.
l*AOE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box Adrian, Mich.

WILL LAST

a life time— The Frost Fence and Steel Gates— as
both contain the weight, strength and quality to do
so. Does it pay to buy the cheap woven wire fabric
every few years? Try the Frost.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

Worth Considering.

Will save two-thirds of
your fence expense by
using an ANfiHO R
FENCE. It will outlast
three woven fences. Catalog
and sample free.

ANCHOR FENCE & MFG. CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and

Compare the Evidence,

The best way to be convinced of the
value of AMATITE Ready Roofing with¬

1 Vane Earners g OL

Pay You . . . 5#

U/»'a HER ■a)

Wl

NfeSctgy

<)l/K LUAN8 are secureo

” by mortgages on suburban
homes owned by ambitious
wage-earners, paying all inter-
eat and part principle monthly
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY, We put
them within your reach, paying

5 p. c. per annum on sums large
or small FROM DAY OF RE¬
CEIPT TO DATE OF WITH
DRAWAL. Conservative In
vaster* will appreciate a plan
affording all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . $1,700,000

Surplus and Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

5 Times BPd’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

Si>»5 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
* days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
Ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

out an actual trial, is to send for a Sample
(which we gladly furnish free of charge).
At the same time get samples of all the
other ready roofings that you see adver¬
tised, Then compare the evidence.

Right at the beginning you will see this)
difference, — AMATITE relies on pitch to
resist the penetration of water. Observe,
in the accompanying diagram of an
AMATITE cross-section, the two layers
of pitch (composition).

Some of the other manufacturers say
nothing about what they use. They leave
you to guess what their roofing is made of.
If they told, you probably wouldn’t use
the stuff at any price.

Some manufacturers use Trinidad As¬
phalt.

Trinidad Asphalt actually disintegrates
under the action of water.

But pitch is not soluble in water. Even
stone dissolves in water, but pitch won’t.
It has been used wherever water was to
be resisted, for years. Water is absolutely

A positively sure remedy
Pratts Veterinary Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co.. Phila. Over 30 years old.

AAII I n O are raised iii one mouth:

\llll A K\ bring big prices. Money
UUUHUO makers for poultrymen,
» farmers, women.

Send for our Free Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence invited iff/l

Plymouth Rock Squab Co.,

335 Howard St., Melrose, Muss.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue froe, 0. JE£. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred for laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

“MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let ns know your wants. We have either sex. Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.

powerless against it. All large and im¬
portant buildings are now-a-days water¬
proofed with pitch. Don’t therefore,

Auiatite on a small factory.

select your roofing by the looks of a sam¬
ple that has never been exposed to the
zveather. Find out what it is made of,
whether its materials are the kind that
really resist water. Then you will select
AMATITE the only ready-roofiug that’s
full of Pitch.

Other reasons why AMATITE Roof¬
ing is superior to any other Ready Roof-

Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BKRGKY.Box S.Telford.Pa,

Choice Stock for Sale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns,
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

Buff Plymouth rock and buff leghorn

COCKERELS for sale. Price. $1.25 to$2if taken
this month. HOWARD SUTTON, Fairmount, N. J.

N EGG FACTORY

must be furnished the proper raw
materials to keep going to its full
capacity. HARVEY’S Electric
Poultry Food will keep your hens busy in
winter when eggs are high— lots more money
in winter eggs; you ought to feed for it.
Write for our free catalogue — tells how.
Harvey Seed Co., 88 Elllcott St., Buffalo,N.Y.

Qf|||| wooooooooo

r UUL I If Hery thing in the j
j POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu-
jbators. Livestock, Brooders— anything-
> it’s our business. Call or let us send you!
>our Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the j
^asking — it’s worth having. <

lExcelsior Wire <c Poultry Supply Co.,<

>Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. <

GOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOQOOOOOC(

ing in the market are the facts that it has
a mineral surface — which never has to be
coated or painted; that it is lozv in price,
easy to lay and absolutely wind, zvatcr,
and weather-proof .

Our Booklet, “How is your Roof,”
which we send with the Sample, free for
the asking, is a most interesting treatise
on Ready Roofing. Write to the nearest
office and it will be sent you at once.
Barrett Manufacturing Company, Now
York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis,
Cincinnati, Cleveland, Kansas City, New
Orleans, Allegheny or Minneapolis.

GG5 FROri BONE

Green cut bone doubles egg yield. More fertile
eggs, vigorous chicks, early broilers, heavylowls.

■I JIMhPC LATEST MODEL
171 /l mi O BONE CUTTER

10 days free trial. No moneyln advance. Send It
backatoureipenseifyou doa’tlikeit. cat'lgfree.

F, W,M ANN CO., Box 15 , Milford, Maa>.

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chicks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely self regulating.' Price $6.50
and up. Send for 212 page (8x11 Inches) catalogue
and poultry guide. Free, if you tend us names of
two friends interested in jjockI poultry. Write lo
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

STRICTLY
‘-AUTOMATIC
THROUGHOUT »

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, No* York, Kuuas Citj or S«n Francisco.

Don’t Forget the Main Point

in dairying is to make it pay. The more cream you can get, the more pay,
providing you do your skimming at the sma.lest cost in time, labor and running
expenses. You can make it pay most, with least trouble and smallest expense,
by using the Improved

S. Cream Separator

French Camp, Cal., July 13, 1905.

“I purchased a No. 7 U. S. Cream Separator last April. I have only three
cows, but since the 28th of last April I have sold $71.88 worth of cream.
I find it everything that could be wished for. It runs very light and
is a perfect skimmer. — U. B. GOEN.”

Gets the Most Cream

and Holds World's Record for Close Skimming

A little figuring will prove to you that Mr. Goen
couldn’t average about $120 a year per cow unless he
did get all the cream.

Send for handsome booklet. No. 378, about
“ The Dairy— and How to Make it Pay the Most.”

Free — send noio for it.

Y2RM0NT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Yt.

18 Distributing Warehouse* throughout the United State* and Canada

690

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 16,

mi

Live Stock and Dairy

VALUE OF COLLEGE DAIRY COURSE

We recently sent letters to a number of
young men who the took short Winter course
In dairying at ‘Cornell last Winter asking if
such instruction really pays. Here are a
few answers :

After warking in a large creamery for
three years I decided to take a dairy
course at Cornell. During the time of
my course I gained much information,
which is very valuable to me. Besides the
knowledge, practice and experience that
I had, I had the privilege of meeting some
very fine men, through whose influence I
obtained a more lucrative position. I feel
well paid for what it cost me. Many
thanks should be given to the instructors
for their thorough work among young
men. I would advise any young man who
expects to do that kind of work to take
a course in an agricultural college.

A. SCHLOTZ HAUER.

I think it a benefit to anyone who in¬
tends following up the milk business. lie
has a chance to discuss the different
points with others of experience, and
points which he is sure to run up against
in his work. The milk and its products
are discussed very thoroughly in the lec¬
tures, from the time it leaves the udder
until it is manufactured into the different
products. The practical development
which has very much to do with the mak¬
ing of dairy products is very thoroughly
discussed. The time and money spent
there is a good investment. I have re¬
ceived in higher wages enough more than
to pay my expenses there (nearly $100)
for everything, some getting through on
much less than that. It would also help
anyone to secure a position. 1 ha've been
in the milk business nearly seven years,
Winter and Summer, and have found it a
great help to me since 1 went there in
1904. E. G. DAVIS.

I believe that the money spent for a
dairy course in an agricultural school by
any young man or even a middle-aged
man is well spent, for the following rea¬
sons : A thorough knowledge of any busi¬
ness is necessary to success ; it brings him
in touch with master minds; he is asso¬
ciated with a large number who are in the
same work, and gets many ideas in this
way; it helps one to understand the rea¬
sons for many of the changes that take
place in dairy products, and thereby guard
against the undesirable and bring about
the desirable changes; it gives him confi¬
dence in his work and makes him feel he
is in a large business worthy of deter¬
mined efforts for success and improve¬
ment; students of a dairy school can com¬
mand higher wages and secure better po¬
sitions. Many who have gone from the
schools have had sufficient increase in
their salaries to pay the cost of the course
in one year. It enables one to read the
dairy books and periodicals intelligently.
Much that was not understood before is
now plain. A student leaves with higher
ideals and greater aspirations.

HARVEY L. AYRES.

I not only think it desirable; I consider
it almost necessary to the making of a
successful creamery man. We often hear
the statement, “education harms no man,”
and nowhere is this more applicable than
in dairying. The day of “book lamin’ ”
is here, and the educated man is the man
who is going to the front. I do not mean
by this that theoretical knowledge alone
will carry one to success. Far from it; I
would not advise any young man who in¬
tends to become a butter maker to attend
an agricultural college until he has put
in at least one season of practical work
as assistant in some good factory. He is

then much better prepared to study intel¬
ligently the subjects taught in the dairy
schools, and to apply his knowledge after
he has completed the course of study. You
ask if the time, and money spent in such
a course are wisely invested. Most cer¬
tainly it is to the man who really desires
to advance ; not only does it broaden his
views and give him an increased knowl¬
edge of the work ; it also leads to better
positions and increased salaries for the
man w'ho perseveres. Students from these
schools are much in demand, the school
generally finding positions for nearly all
their students each year. Of course there
are those who say it is all useless, but
they are generally the ones who are will¬
ing to remain in the old rut, and keep
plodding. Get first your practical knowl¬
edge, then your theoretical, then go ahead.

W. E. AYRES.

SICK HENS.

I have three hens sick with wbat. is called
here “limber neck.’’ Symptoms as follows :
head down and on one side, eyes shut, mouth
stiff and full of slime, the hens stagger and
have a watery yellow or green discharge.
We separated the sick ones from the others
and used lime, carbolic acid and whitewash
about the premises. The fowls have had
free range with a little grain feed, neither
mash nor meat, except such bugs as they
can pick up and the well ones show no
symptoms of any trouble. I put hypophos-
phite of soda in drinking water for all and
gave to the sick ones one half teaspoonful of
coal oil each. Can you suggest a better
remedy and’ preventive?

Your hens appear to suffer from a di¬
gestive trouble. A recent case of "limber-
neck'’ among our birds seemed to be
caused by eating part of a calf thrown on
the manure pile. Maggots from decaying
animal matter are said to produce lim-
berneck, but this is doubtful. Bury any
carcass that may be around. Try one ta¬
blespoonful of copperas dissolved in each
two gallons of drinking water. Your
prompt action in isolating the afflicted
birds, and disinfecting premises merits
commendation, and would be hard to im¬
prove upon. _

CLOVER CHAFF FOR POULTRY.

Will clover chaff make good poultry food
where it is thrashed for seed? G. B. d.

Beloit. Wis.

Yes, such chaff will make a good food
for either poultry or hogs. The hens
will eat some of it if put before them dry.
We would scald it and feed warm for
morning or afternoon feed.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.’’ See guarantee, page 8.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTI.E FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
tale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

WARRINER’S Sahn*,^ STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS
W B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn.

Dana’s tan? c EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent* Wanted.

V. 11. DANA, T lMuIn (At., Went Lebanon, N. II.

Cures Spavins

like maglo. Read the testimony below and then
resolve to suffer no longer from Spavin, Ringbone,
Splints, Curbs and all other forms of Lameness.
Kendall's Cures them all.

Cobbs, W. Va., February 16, 1904.
Dr. B. 7. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt.

Gentlemen: — I have used about four bottles of your Ken¬
dal I’mSpavIn Cure for Cuts, Ringbone and Bog Spav*
In and 1 cannot recommend it high enough to my friends
for it is the best medicine in the world. Yours truly,

WM. C. BARKER.

Price S 1 ; six for SB. Asa Unlmont for family use
It has no equal. Ask yourdruggist for KENDALL'S
SPAVIN CURE, also "A Treatise on the Horse,"

the book free, or address

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURC FALLS, VT.

Breeders’ Directory

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must bo disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesiaos.

W000CREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A NEW RECORD!

I ^ Applications for Registry and f ^ O
I 4m transfer in thirty days. I w 4—

I now offer the largest stock of nearby springers,
young milkers, service bulls, male and female calves
ever offered before: all registered and guaranteed.

Circulars sent FREE on application.
Horace L. Bronson, Dept. I>, Cortland, N, Y.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co,

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package curesany
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

>461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Erin.

Cures feverish horses
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN S
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 1 ib to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to oiler at prices that will please you."

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs,
RIVENRURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

NRWTOlf’8 Hear*, Cough, Dla-
temper and Indigestion Cure.

A veterinarj specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

4. Lady can hold him.

‘of the BEERY BIT
rOUR BITS IN ONE

('urn Klckert, Kunawuy*, Tullrn,
Shyer*, ete. Send for Bit on Trn
Pay.’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant 1I1U, Ohio.

Western Horses 1 Mules

Our sales will begin about July 1 of
Western Horses and Mules. Most
of them will be two to four year olds
and unbranded. If you want

Money Makers

send us your address. Wo will keep
yon posted as to our sales.

.1. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

New York State Veterinary College

of Cornell University, Itlmea, N. Y.

Free tuition to New York State Students. Extended
announcement. Address

Prof JAMES LAW. F.R.C.V.S., Director.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH CUSS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAKS.

F. I*. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, lias an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 110 days. Her milk, and
that of her live daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanet t e, whose dam, granddam and
sire’s dam have official butter records that, averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

BRITiTj FARM

Holstein Cattle.

Homo of LordNetberland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He lias 54 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, Pougliquag, N. Y.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

pnn q a I C* MAL® and fe-

■ \J t\ OMLU MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

Registered angora GOATS.-Pnirs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOU1LLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cineiunatus, N. V.

FOR SALE

ANGORA GOATS,

BEST QUALITY. REGISTERED.

DAVID YOST, MINE LA MOTTE, MO.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B.MARCOU.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES gg

FLORETTA ’Slitter of Pigs by Grand «

Premier, 80005 farrowed J uue 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of he Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1! '3. ( '-and Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale — and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

CHOICE ANGORA GOATS

for Breeding. In Jots to suit. Bucks and Does not
related. WOODS FARM. Bath, N, H.

MORN EI) DORSET RAMS.-One 200 lb. year-
* * ing, and a few good RAM LAMBS for sale.
Address, W. H. STEPHENSON, Oxford, Ohio.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

h3rize winning: Canadian and home bred: big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of ail
ages: both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM. Ludlowville, N. Y.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser ¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteius. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

in Calf.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

Eng. bacon

hog. Figs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

4 4 For Fancy Country Homes ”

THE JERSEY RED
HOGS and PIGS

surpass all other breeds, The Free Catalog explains.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J.

I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES-

!■ M ales and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. ^ NUTWOOD FARMS.

R, F. I). No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

„ YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
B. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

If you are going
to buy a

BULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswejro Co., N. Y.

SAVE

$35 to $50

by getting a Knodig Pitless Portable : complete
except floor planks. Guaranteed ten years.

Here is the evidence ; 83?“
Write for free catalog ol scale ini ormation.

National Pltlcaa Soala Co., 2100 Wyandotte St., Kama* City, Mo.

National Pitless Scale Co.. Kansas City Mo.

Gentlemen:— The Knodig Pitless Scale has
been tested against a *250 Standard Scale and
proved all O. K. I enclose bank check.

Very respectfully, E. J. BUCHAN,

LaPorte City, Iowa.

5CALE5

1905.

T1IB RURAL NEW-YORKER

FEEDING COTTON-SEED MEAL

In regard to feeding cotton-seed meal
two quarts daily would be nearly 3j4
pounds. I f cows have been fed grain reg¬
ularly 1 should not fear trouble. When
computing large grain rations we often
forget this important point. To illus¬
trate, I have two cows eating 20 pounds
of grain daily and about 15 of it corn-
meal (they are for beef). Ihese cows
are milking and have no trouble in any
way. But they have been slowly worked
up to it. Suppose I should suddenly in¬
crease the grain from two pounds to 20 ;
anyone knows what would happen. If
wanted to feed cotton seed I would put
one pound bran and one pound corn with
it, making five pounds of the mixture,
and would expect as good results as from
an equal weight of cotton seed if fed for
a length of time. Cows should always
be fed, when first turned to grass, some
feed to prevent extreme purging. Take
the mixture mentioned, and then give
them hay as long as they will eat it, and
all will go well. 1 believe farmers who
feed narrow rations, thereby keeping the
cows all of the time in reduced flesh,
make a mistake. Of course for a time
more milk will flow, but for a season or
term of years I can win out with cows
carrying sufficient flesh to look smooth
and nice. Cottonseed is safe in small
quantities with succulent feed. H. E. c.

FEEDING THOSE IOWA PIGS.

In reply to that question about feeding
pigs, page 658, I would say sell the pota¬
toes at 40 cents and buy shorts at $20 per
ton. The shorts will furnish balance for
the corn in better form than the potatoes.
The clover pasture will furnish all the ele¬
ments the potatoes will supply, in better
form and cheaper price, than 40 cents for
60 pounds. The corn and oats should be
ground in equal quantity in bulk; that is,
32 pounds of oats to 56 pounds corn.
Making up the ration I would add about
10 per cent of shorts. This would make
the ration as near perfect as we could with
the products of the farm. For the first
half increase the the quantity of corn, and
feed the increased quantity from the ear.
If the clover pasture should become dry
or gone, I would add a little oil meal to
balance the corn. I would soak the feed
in water from one feed to next, and be
sure to give the pigs plenty of salt.

Iowa. W. A. STAPLES.

In regard to feeding pigs to make a
rapid gain of flesh and finish, I would let
the pigs run-on a good clover or Blue-
grass pasture. For grain feed dry corn,
soaked oats and tankage. I would also
feed a reasonable amount of shorts made
up into slop. If you have any milk han¬
dy put a little with the shorts. If you
have no milk 1 would advise a barrel
of southern sorghum. This can be bought
for 12 or 15 cents per gallon. It is a
great appetizer with the tankage and is
the greatest feed for hogs in the world.
Feed from three to five times per day if
convenient. If your pigs are not in first-
class condition I would advise to feed
about $2 worth of a good worm powder.
This will destroy all the worms and will
put them in condition to gain.

Marcus. Iowa. * jas. williams.

WHAT TO DO WITH PULLETS.

To fit pullets for early laying, have a
comfortable, airy house, screen or mos¬
quito netting for each end, plenty nutri¬
tious food and fresh water always in
their reach ; free run if possible. I have
100 Barred Rock pullets in fine condition
in such a house. I give them free run
in daytime; feed in morning whole corn;
noon green sweet corn cut off cob; night
wheat. j. F. perry.

Delaware.

My experience is give the pullets free
range separate from the cockerels ; plenty
of fresh water twice a day; and well ven¬
tilated roosting place kept clean to pre¬
vent disagreeable, odor and mites. The
morning meal is warm mash consisting of
three parts wheat middlings, one part of

69 1

cornmeal, three of water. Midday and
evening meals are buckwheat, oats and
wheat, all they will gather up clean. Se¬
lect any birds that are weak and give
them a chance by themselves. Remove
all sick at once. w. G. mosher.

Pennsylvania. _

HOW TO INCREASE -BUTTER FAT.

About a year ago in a discussion of the
change of butter fat in milk from the same
cow, owing to change of feed, it was generally
conceded that milk from the same cow con¬
tained about the same per cent of butter fat,
the period of lactation having greater influ¬
ence than feed. I keep only one or two cows
for family use. Two months ago the milk
and butter supply was not so large as de¬
sired, the cows having no feed except what
they could get from a poor pasture. I be¬
gan feeding twice daily on green stalks from
which the roasting ears had been pulled, cut
to V-> inch lengths, with cotton-seed meal and
bran mixed with it. The flow of milk has
more than doubled, the milk handled in same
way all the time, but we got but little more
butter. What is the trouble? The milk is
set in shallow pans and the cream allowed to
rise, and is churned daily (after ripening).
Will you give me the best ration that can
be compounded from cotton-seed meal, bran
and cow-pea hay? No other feeds are to be
had in our markets. If I could buy a second¬
hand separator would it pay with not more
than four cows? j. l. o.

North Carolina.

So long as you set milk in shallow pans
you may expect to be in the dark concern¬
ing the butter fat content of your milk.
The cow under increased flow should sure¬
ly make more butter if you get the but¬
ter fat all out. In shallow pans some¬
times you do and sometimes you do not.
You would not get double the butter un¬
der these conditions if the milk increased
in that proportion for the reason that the
light flow was abnormal or greatly below
her capacity, which means the per cent fat
content would be higher. The fat in
milk as a rule does not shrink as fast as
the water content. If you want to know
how much fat your cow gives and how
much you waste in these shallow pans, buy
a small Babcock test and you can soon
know a lot of things about your cow and
her yield that you never knew before, and
more than I could tell you in a whole page
of The R. N.-Y. Weigh the milk and
test the skim-milk and also your butter¬
milk. You will be surprised and probably
go for a separator at once. A second¬
hand separator is all right if it skims
clean. You can buy subject to a guaranty.
If it does not you might as well lose in
the pan and save muscle and money. I
would not think bran, cotton seed and cow-
pea hay a good ration. I would prefer to
mix 100 pounds corn with 50 each of cot
ton-seed meal and bran. Fed with cow-
pea hay it would make a balanced ration.
There is too much protein in your mix¬
ture. h. e. cook.-

Steam

is the reliable power. Don’t be
misled on the power question.
Don't buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable — engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall¬
ing in, etc. We’ve been mak¬
ing the.-e dependable farm
_ _ power- for many years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of uses for such a power. Let us send you our
iittle book,“Pow®rEconom)f and Efficiency." Free.
Th^ame^jeffe^COj^Boj^O^gringlield^.

THIS SKIMMING

a /~f Ul'IVIIT’ takes the cream
MAL-iHilYlli from the milk
quicker than wringers squeeze water
from clothes. It gets a quarter to
a half more cream than by setting,
because it uses centrifugal force — a
force thousands of times stronger,
quicker, more effective than the
force that makes cream rise in pans.

ha rp*eS

TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

Skimming finished five minutes
after milking, because boy of ten can
run Tubular during milking. No
skim milk to warm, because skim
milk is fed still warm from cow.
Half less washing, labor and
expense, because only cream is put
away. Catalog X-153 explainsclearly.

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO.

Toronto, Can. West Chsstar, Pi. Chicago, III,

J THE ADVANCE MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE t| .

The construction is so simple and durable that, it never gives
any trouble The driver completely controls the feed from his
seat withoutstopping the machine. Wrought steel wheels with
wide tires. Can be turned in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low andean be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY, ,

The enormous saviug in time and labor, its snporionty over
others, make it an investment that pays for itself iu a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free upon request, describing the
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

I1AINURE SPREADER

operated with a single lever, and the only one having a Vibrating Rake. The
single lever avoids complications in construction, is easy to work, strong, acts
quickly and surely and is entirely efficient. No danger or liability to breakage by
pulling the wrong lever. The Vibrating Rake is so constructed and so placed
that it thoroughly evens up the load on its way to the cylinder. This insures per¬
fectly even distribution and spreading and obviates the necessity of extra care in
loading. Coarse and lumpy manure cannot always be loaded so as to produce a
level load. The Vibrating Rake will make every load, of every kind of manure,
perfectly even. In all other respects the I. H. C. Spreader is built as well as best
material and superior workmanship can make it. Solid steel axles front and rear;
steel wheels with broad faced tires, flanged to keep out dirt, mud, etc; traction
lugs on rear wheels; power applied from botli rear wheels; front wheels cut under-
turns very short; steel track for apron. While exceedingly strong and capable of
great strain the I. H. C. Spreader is of unusually light draft.

The I. H. C. Spreader spreads all kinds of manure rapidly, evenly and perfectly. It
matters little if manure be strawy, chaffy, packed, caked, wet, dry or frozen, this ma¬
chine will tear itapartand distribute it upon the land evenly. It will handle fine, com¬
posted manure for top dressing in the most perfect manner, and even the presence of
corn stalks in the manure does not prevent the excellent quality of its work, it is the
greatest labor saver of the age. Made in three sizes, 36, 65 and 7ft bushels. Our nearest
agent will supply you with printed matter, prices, etc. See him before buying, or
write

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
OF AMERICA (Incorp.)

7 Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois.

This

Vibr&‘tir\y>

R^ke Insures
Everv Distribution,

This1
'.Single
Lever
Controls
Evegf Operation

Write

at once for onr
special offer for cash with
order. No need of buying an
unknown separator when you
can get a National on such
money -Raving terms as we
make. Write to-dayforcatalog. i
HASTINGS INDUSTRIAL CO.,

General Salon Agent*,

La Salle and LnkeSts., Chicago, Ill.

Made by Nat. Dairy Mach. Co.,

Newark, N. J.

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning are made light
by using Loudon’s

Feed and Litter
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
through stablings, over switches and on
curved tracks. Buns easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above head.
A labor and time saver— no barn complete
without it. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Tools. Flexible
Barn Door Hangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Louden Machinery Co.
39 Broadway,
Fairfield, Iowa.

100% ON YOUR MONEY
EVERY YEAR
FOR TWENTY YEARS

This is the marvelously good investment that
more than 650,000 users have actually found the
DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR to be.

With the average number of cows a DE LAV AL
machine saves and earns its whole cost the first year,
which it continues to do yearly for its established
life of fully twenty years more to come.

There surely isn’t another such investment,
either on the farm or off it, open to anyone having
cream to separate. Why delay making it ?

As for the first cost, if you have the ready cash
of course there is a fair discount for it, but if not any
reputable buyer may secure a DE LAVAL machine
on such liberal terms that the machine is actually
free of cost for It will earn its cost and more
while you are paying for It.

Send at once for catalogue and full particulars.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph Qt Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,

SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

692

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 16, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you/ Write for Samples.
0. W. 1NGERS0LL, %4(i Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Halting
I’owder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2S9, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

MANLOVE SELF OPENING GATE.

ALWAYS IN ORDER.

This gate can he placed at any driveway entrance,
attached to ordinary posts and soon pays for itself in
time saved, It is opened or closed without assistance
or stopping. Having full control of reins and team,
accidents are avoided.

The machinery is all above ground and so simple
that it never gets out of order.

It adds to tlie beauty, value, safety and convenience
of any home. Write for our booklet.

Manlove Gate Co., 272 K. Huron St., Chicago. Ill.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS!

Large No. 8 A Catalogue Free.
OWN YOUR OWN TELEPHONE LINE
Our telephones are powerful, loud
talking and absolutely guaranteed.

OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT.

Telephones that work on any line.

CONNECTICUT TELE. &. ELEC, CO.,
Meriden, Conn., U. S, A.

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVEES, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14x8

Wagon Scales

$25

On trial. Pay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGIIT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N. Y.

Clothing
Made
to Order
at the
Mill

Save Half

Buy your clothing di¬
rect from the mill. Cut
out the dealer’s profits.
Get two suits for the
price of one. All wool
suits and overcoats
made to order, hand¬
somely trimmed and
guaranteed to give satis¬
faction. Many patterns
to choose from

Men’s wdoi Suits

All
Wool

and Overcoats

Made to Order

S7— to $f 2-J?2

Ladies’
Fall
Dress
Patterns

in all

Shades

GLEN ROCK
203 Main St.,

"Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Che¬
viots, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Kerseys,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.
WOOLEN MILLS,
Somerville, N. J.

Dietz Lanterns

You want the best light and you
want convenience. The

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ

has made it famous. That’s because
of the Dietz Cold Blast principle. The
light is strong and steady and itdoesn’t
blow out. None other so convenient
forali attentions audit’s absolutely safe.
It costs no more than ordinary lan¬
terns. Talk plain to your dealer when
you go to buy. Say you want a Dietz
Cold Blast and nothing else. If he
hasn’t got it, write direct to us.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 184.0.

The Celebrated TORNADO FEED and ENSILAGE CUTTERS

have no equal. Made in sizes to suit everybody. Excels all other makes for cutting either dry material
or ensilage. Up-to-date in every particular. Strong, durable, runs light and smooth. Furnished with
chain Carrier or Blower. Blower case made of east
iron without seams or joints, consequently, stiff,
strong and SAFE. The TORNADO puts 20 per cent
more cut ensilage into a given space or silo than can
be done by any other make of Cutter.

Agents

Wanted — isi

Special prop
to good, live,'
Write for
and prf

W. R.

ISON & CO., MANUFACTURERS,

MASSILLON, OHIO.

^ C" FW Cut to tho length you want,

J mJ EL end cut evenly.

into any silo anywhere to any height, with the modern

CLIMAX

Pneumatic Ensilage Cutter.

The standard by which all other machine* are built.

Made in all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
1 0 to 20 ton* por hour. Prices lower than any other good
machine of equal capacity. Booklet free. Write for it. It will
tell you how in the last ten years the Climax has come to be called Tho Complete Machine.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson’s Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for wliat you want and prices. John h. jacksox, 76 Third At.., Alb..., N.v.

\\

REPEATING SHOTGUNS

No matter how big the bird, no matter how heavy its plumage or
swift its flight, you can bring it to bag with a long, strong,
straight shooting Winchester Repeating Shotgun. Results are what
count. They always give the best results in field, fowl or trap
shooting, and are sold within reach of everybody’s pocketbook.

FREE : Send name and address on a postal card for our large illustrated catalogue.

WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO.. New Haven, CONN.

Save Time, Labor and Money SMJlWK.'!

This >o. S Pennaylvanla Thresher and Cleaner and Roller Bearing
Level Tread Power is the beat individual outfit for threshing rye, barley,
osts, flax, rice, alfalfa, millet, sorghum, timothy, etc. Will thresh and clean 100 to l50
bushels of wheat per day. Also made In two and three borse sizes. Power can be used
for cutting ensilage and dry feed, shelling all kinds of grain, to run the saw, green bone
cutter, pump water, separate cream, churn, etc. Also make lever powers, Feed and JEn-
sllago Cutters, Grinders, Saws, etc. lleehner & Sons, 22 Broad St., Lansdale, Pa.

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If you need an ensilage cutter you neea a
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ELLISKEYSTONEAGR’LWORKS.Poitstown.Pa

Vol. LXIV. No. 2904. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 23, 1905. WEEKLY, 81.00 PER YEAR

HOW TO PICK FRUIT.

A Successful Way With Apples and Pears.

The first requirement is to grow the fruit right. That
includes good varieties, healthy trees that have been sup¬
plied with proper proportions of fertility and moisture,
properly sprayed to keep off insects and fungi, and the
fruit thinned to give it an opportunity to develop to
best advantage. We use a half-bushel round basket
with one handle to pick the fruit in, and have an iron
hook with a loop for a leather strap to fasten to basket,
the other end of hoops bent that it just hangs over a
limb or a rung of the ladder. Quarter-inch iron is
plenty large enough for hooks, and eight or nine inches
will be about right length to cut the iron for a hook.
Cut a leather strap about a half inch wide and nine or
10 inches long, and make a slit near both ends, then run
one end through the loop in the hoop and put the other
end of the strap through the slit and the strap and hook
are securely fastened to¬
gether. Put the strap
around the basket han¬
dle and run the hook
through the other slit
in the strap and
draw up tight and it
is fastened to the bas¬
ket. This way is much
better than tying. We
use ladders made from
two pieces of light tim¬
ber sawed tapering, so
the heaviest and strong¬
est part is at the bottom.

Holes are bored through
both pieces and some
pieces of tough timber
are split out for rungs
and fitted into the holes,
then wedged, and a few
nails driven in to hold it
together securely. The
ladder should be set al¬
most straight for the
picker to stand on while
picking, just so it will
not fall backward with
him while climbing. If
it is set leaning very
much it is more apt to
break a limb and throw
the picker off than if
stood as straight as pos¬
sible. The longer the
ladder the straighter it
can stand, and the
shorter the more it must
lean to stand while the

picker is climbing. I do not like pickers to climb
through the trees if they can get the fruit from ladders.
They often skin the limbs and break them, which can
be avoided by staying on the ladders. Poor pickers are
a prolific source of damage to trees.

The proper way to pick an apple or pear is not to
take hold of the fruit and pull. By so doing the stem
often pulls out of the fruit or the twig breaks off with
the fruit, taking the buds that would make the fruit
the following year. The picker should put his thumb
or finger, or both, at the junction of stem and twig,
and break sideways, so as to leave the stem with the
fruit and the twig on the tree, and lay the fruit care¬
fully in the basket, so as not to bruise it. Fruit does
not all ripen at one time, and consequently it should
not be picked all at once. We go over the orchard and
pick the largest and best colored fruit as soon as it
will do, and leave the others to grow and color for
later picking. It will surprise any grower who has
never done so, nor seen apples picked that way, to

see how much little green fruit will grow and color in
two weeks. A picker can take off all the fruit that
will do for the best grade about the first of October,
and not get more than half of the fruit picked, and
two weeks later get nearly as many more first-grade
apples as he got the first time. What is the use of
picking those little green apples the first of October,
when they are almost worthless, and let some of the
good ones drop from the trees because all of them can¬
not be gone over as soon as they should be? By pick¬
ing only the best fruit the whole orchard can be gone
over in much less time than when they are taken clean,
and then a second picking can be made and if <*eces-
sary a third. If there is still quite a quantity of green
fruit when the second picking is made, leave it for a
third, because it is almost worthless when immature
and if the foliage remains on the trees the fruit will
grow and color.

We have tables to take with the pickers through the

orchards, and the baskets of fruit are emptied as soon
as brought from the trees and looked over, graded by
hand and emptied carefully into barrels and shaken
as the barrels are filled, so they will be packed tight,
and headed with a screw press. The empty barrels are
nailed at the barn before they are hauled to the
orchard; one head is lined, the other is taken out and
dropped in the bottom of barrel and the nails in the
bulge hoops clinched so they cannot cut holes in the
apples they touch. A man can nail more barrels at the
barn than he can in the orchard, where he will have
to be moving. In packing the name of the grower and
the variety is stamped on the head of the barrel before
it is filled, and then there can be no mistake about
what it contains. Nice even-sized, well-colored speci¬
mens are selected to face the barrel and placed stem
down, two layers deep, and then filled up with nothing
but apples that are good enough to correspond with the
facing, and pressed tight so they will not shake. The
top hoop is then nailed and the head lined so it will

stay till it should be taken out. 1 use inch wire nails,
but do not like the small-gauge wire for the head hoops
and the liners. The small nails are all right for the
bulge hoops.

Nothing but 2!/2-inch apples should be packed for
first grade, and the smaller ones down to 2^-inch can
be put in a second grade if they are good color. When
all the fruit is gathered at one picking I would not
give much for the second grade, as it is not well col¬
ored, and is immature, but by making two or three
pickings nearly all of it will have good color, and be
ripe enough to taste well, and the second grade will
keep better than the first usually, and sell in the Winter
for about two-thirds as much as the first. By thorough
spraying, four or five times in a season, thinning so as
to take off all the imperfect specimens to be readily
seen, and then some of the small ones when they arc
too thick, and successive pickings, most of the culled
and poor apples will be done away with, and good fruit

will be in its stead. The
culled fruit hurts the
market for good apples
more than the same
quantity of good apples
without any culls. It
is necessary for us
growers to grow and put
on the market nothing
but good fruit that will
keep and please the con¬
sumers. How often does
the poor stuff put on the
market so disgust the
buyers that they do not
care to make another
purchase of the same
variety, fearing they will
not be satisfied? It is
too often the case. For
special markets it pays
to grow and market
fruit in any kind of a
package the dealers and
consumers prefer, and
the cheap half-bushel
basket is a nice package
for home markets with
early fruits.

u. t. cox.
Lawrence Co., O.

R. N.-Y. — The above
notes give a clear idea
of what are more and
more coming to be rec¬
ognized as the essen¬
tials in apple handling
by those who grow fine
fruit and aim to put it on
the market in such condition as to bring top prices. We
know of no part of the job where the apple man can put
in extra work to better advantage.

LEAD AND OIL ON FRUIT TREES.

Partial Success in Pennsylvania.

We are very much interested in several articles which
you have published recently in regard to use of lead
and oil on apple trees. In Fall of 1903, after reading
Prof. Ahvood’s recommendation, followed by some
very interesting correspondence with him, we decided
to risk painting 150 trees. The following Spring every
tree was sound, whereas much damage was done in
adjoining rows by field mice. We were so well pleased
with the result that last Fall we painted the remainder
of our orchard (over (*>.000 trees) and also went over
the 150 previously painted, as the growth had some¬
what cracked the paint. We thought that we had
solved the problem, and rested easy when we heard

PEACH HANDLERS ON A WESTERN NEW YORK FARM. Fig. 293. See Page 697.

694

TUB RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 23,

of damage by mice to unpainted trees in neighboring
orchards. But after snow had disappeared, we were
very much disappointed to find that we could not
issue a “clean bill of health,” as we had hoped. Where
snow was very deep, many trees were gnawed more
or less, although we only found a very few that were
completely girdled. The damage was undoubtedly
much less than it would have been without paint. Our
trees seem perfectly healthy, and have made a splendid
growth this season ; some of them three or four feet
of new wood. We aimed to paint 18 inches to two
feet. A few trees that were badly infested were
painted up past the crotch and out on to limbs. These
trees are still alive, and have made a good growth.
Where there is paint there is no scale. We have not
examined trees for borers, so cannot say whether paint
has kept them out. We want to do that soon. The
question is, shall we go over trees with paint again
this Fall? We cannot afford to run any risk of killing
trees. How old are Mr. W. G. Stevens’s trees, and
how many times have they been painted and what has
he to say as to protection against mice, rabbits and
borers? We shall be glad to hear from any who have
painted trees for a term of years sufficient to demon¬
strate value, and whether harmful to trees or not. The
few bearing trees we have (about 150) are loaded with
the finest fruit we have ever grown, mostly York
Imperial. c. j. tyson.

Pennsylvania.

The Connecticut Man Talks Back.

I have read on page 617 the article from H. L. Price
of the Virginia Experiment Station, and it seems that
some of the questions asked are intended for me to
reply to. He asks why I painted in the Fall instead
of the Spring. Simply for the reason that 1 had more
time to do it in the Fall, and I did not suppose a
medicine that was of benefit to the tree in the Spring
would be death to it in the Fall. He says he has never
advocated painting any farther up on the trunks than
about one foot. Perhaps he has not, but if any of your
readers will look up page 155, Feb. 27. 1904, they will
read this from W. B. Alwood : “Recently 1 have had
opportunity to examine several thousand trees that
have been painted under my direction with white
paint, from the time they were set, and some of these
are painted not only over the entire trunk but several
inches up on the limbs.” He also says on page 770,
Nov. 7, 1903: "In my opinion there would be less
danger from the use of the paint in the Northern States
than in the South.’’ Mr. Price does not think it was
the paint that killed the trees! If not, how is it that
of the 130 trees that were painted all but four or five
are dead — for the 20 or so that were called unthrifty
in Prof. Britton’s article have since died — while in
another part of the orchard where the trees were not
painted, every tree is alive and making a thrifty growth
this season? Also, how is it, if the paint did not do
the mischief, that the trees were alive above the paint
and also below it? A large number of the smaller
trees in particular have put out vigorous sprouts below
the paint, and I have sawed off the trees just above
these sprouts and waxed them over, and some of them
are over four feet high at the present time. In some
cases where the trunks were painted well down to the
ground the sprouts came up from the roots, but these
I have not allowed to grow, preferring to dig them out
and set new next Spring. I have some of the oil and
lead used, and would like to know if it is impure, but
1 think not unless all linseed oil is impure, for I have
used it more or less since a boy, and this looks and
smells all right. My candid opinion is that however
good white lead and oil may be for Virginia apple trees,
it is worse than a failure in Connecticut. At any rate,
not any more of it for your Uncle Zenas. I believe in
mulching, and have had all my trees well mulched all
this season; have put all the clover that has grown
between rows 42 feet apart, around the trees. The
past week I have been mowing the second crop of
clover, which was over one foot high, and it has all
gone around the trees. Twenty-odd years ago I began
setting my orchard, working in a shop 10 hours a day
and driving three miles to my home. At that time I
was raising early potatoes for the nearby market, and
usually had them ready to begin digging about July 6,
the tops at that time being rank and heavy. As fast
as we dug we would fork up the tops and spread them
around the trees, often a foot thick,’ and in a circle not
less than 10 or 12 feet, and within that circle never
trying to raise any other crop besides the tree. Those
trees grew, and although I have since been 10 years
away from the place, and they have had lots of abuse
since, they are fine looking trees now, and for the next
few years, or as long as I have the care of them, they
are going to have as good treatment as I know how to
give them, but no more untried experiments.

Connecticut. z. c. bowen.

Farm crops in north part of St. Joseph Co., Ind., are im¬
mense this year, wheat thrashing 20 to 38 bushels per acre ;
hay crop heavy. Oats, ditto, and prospects for a bumper
crop of corn. h. r. v.

BRIEF FERTILIZER TALKS.

Chemicals for Grass Land.

Can you tell us how to top dress meadow land to increase
our hay yield? That is, what can we buy that will do this?
Stable manure is all right, but we cannot produce enough of
that, and live too far from town to haul it from livery
stables. Our soil is a rather heavy clay, and I would rather
keep it. in grass, but the grass runs out, some of my
meadows cutting less than one-half ton to the acre this year,
where, when new seeded, a few years ago it cut tjvo tons.

TIIE PEACH SEASON. Fig. 294. See Page 697.

I have 70 acres of mowing and keep 50 head of stock: make
butter at home, and keep also a dozen or more hogs. I
probably have 15 acres, out of the 70 under the plow each
year, but i would like to keep the rest up reasonably, and
would like to learn some way of doing so that it would not
cost more than the hay would be worth. Could lime or
ashes he used, or anything else, either alone or with stable
manure? At what season should meadow land be top-
dressed? y, i,, x.

West Goshen, Conn.

Without doubt grass land can be kept productive by
the use of chemical fertilizers and lime or wood ashes.
Of course it must be well seeded at first, and the
weeds and foul stuff killed out. The fertilizer manu¬
facturers make various mixtures of chemicals which
give good results on grass. Whether a farmer can do
better to buy the chemicals and mix them at home
depends upon his knowledge of the special needs of
his soil. The great advantage in buying chemicals is to
get what the soil lacks and leave out what it does not
need. The heavy clays are usually rich in potash, but
lacking in phosphoric acid and nitrogen. They are
quite likely to be sour, and thus need lime. Some¬
times wood ashes and nitrate of soda on such soils will
give fine crops of grass, but we must know what such
soil needs before we can safely leave out any fertilizing

FRUITS OF ELAEAGNUS PARVIFLORA. TWO-THIRDS
NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 295. See Ruralisms, Page 698.

element. It is the safest plan to use a complete ferti¬
lizer; that is, one with fair amounts of nitrogen, potash
and phosphoric acid. A mixture that is sure to make
the grass grow is 400 pounds nitrate of soda, 400
muriate of potash, 400 fine ground bone and 800 acid
phosphate. By using 500 pounds or more of this mix¬
ture per acre meadows that are well seeded will surely
respond. We would not use it on poor seeding, nor
would it pay where hay brings less than $14 per ton.
These things must be considered in using fertilizer.

Most of the hayfields in New England that fail need
lime in some form. Chemical fertilizers will not give
best results on sour land. The best time to use the
lime is in seeding. While top-dressing with lime often
increases the yield of grass this method is not by any
means as effective as that of working the lime thor¬
oughly into the soil at time of seeding. Old meadows
often respond to top-dressing; that is, broadcasting
chemicals on the surface, but they would do far better
if they could be reseeded with lime. Wood ashes
furnish potash and lime, there being over 600 pounds
of the latter in a ton. We have no doubt that the great
popularity of wood ashes in New England is due to
results obtained by the action of this lime on the na¬
turally acid soil. We should think it a good plan to
plow some of the old sod each year, putting all the
stable manure on the plowed land. Reseed a fair num¬
ber of acres each year, using lime or wood ashes when
seeding. Give the meadows a fair top-dressing each
Spring of the mixture we have named, or some good
standard mixed brand.

Questions About Lime and Phosphate.

Is it n good thing to put in lime with phosphates and
other fertilizer? Would it be a good plan to use lime in the
Fall, raise a crop of clover in the next place to get nitrogen,
and then use potash and phosphates? Would there he dan¬
ger of getting the lime on so thick that way that insoluble
phosphates would he formed? Would a ton of lime per acre
he enough for land into which no heavy crop has been turned
for several years? Would not the cheapest lime be as good
as the more expensive for such land, since it is but slightly
acid? Does lime liberate salts of potassium in sufficient
quantity to make a noticeable difference in the amount of
that fertilizer needed on run-down land? If clover were
turned under in the Fall and wheat or corn planted in the
Spring would it be necessary to use nitrate of soda? Unless
nitrate of potash costs as much as the combined cost of
nitrate of soda and. chloride of potash would it not be better
to use nitrate of potash? w. a. n.

Granger. Ind.

Wc have explained this action of lime and phosphates
several times. Phosphoric acid is used as a fertilizing
material in combination with lime. One part of phos¬
phoric acid with three parts of lime makes an insoluble
combination — that is, one which plants cannot feed upon.
Two parts of lime to one of phosphoric acid is a form
soluble in weak vinegar and available to plants. One
part of each is a soluble phosphate — that is, it will dis¬
solve in water. Fine ground bone and raw ground
phosphate rock are both “insoluble” — that is, three
parts of lime combine with one of phosphoric acid.

I he bone is more soluble than the rock, and will decay
quicker, because it is porous — organic matter, while the
rock is a mineral. What we call “soluble phosphates”
are usually this insoluble ground rock cut or dissolved
with sulphuric acid. This “dissolving” means breaking
up the combinations with lime. While the raw rock
had three parts of lime to each part of phosphoric acid,
the acid takes away two parts and makes a soluble
form. The lime has an “affinity” for phosphoric acid;
when they are put near each other they combine, and
instead of the soluble form we have the others; thus
often defeating the very purpose for which the rock
was cut by the acid. We would not use lime and
“phosphate” together, though many farmers do so, as
they think, without injury. Fine ground bone is a
better form of phosphoric acid to use with lime. There
would be less danger in using the lime in the Fall and
the phosphate the following Spring. A ton of lime well
broadcast and worked into the soil, ought to be ample.
The “cheapest” lime is sometimes very poor stuff. There
is no great demand for so-called “agricultural lime.”
We have been told that in some cases the refuse near
the kilns has been scraped up and sold as “lime.” It
contains considerable sand, and is not by any means
equal to the better class of prepared limes. Lime has
ability to set free certain forms of potash in the soil,
but this power is limited. In some cases, especially
on heavy soils, the use of lime will for a year or so
provide ample supplies of potash, but after that the
effect is lost, since the forms of potash which make a
chemical charge with lime have been used up.

It would probably not pay to use nitrate of soda for
the corn, yet it might for the wheat. The corn has
its greatest need of nitrogen in late Summer. Then it
makes its most rapid growth, and at that time the
clover sod decays and furnishes nitrogen rapidly. On
the other hand the wheat starts early, and usually makes
its full crop before the nitrogen in the clover is fully
available. The young wheat plant needs soluble nitro¬
gen, which the clover cannot supply while the ground
is wet or cold. A small quantity of nitrate of soda
used just at that time may keep the wheat growing
until it can feed on the clover sod. We must remem¬
ber that the organic forms of nitrogen must be changed
to nitrates before the crops can use it— and this can
only be done in warm weather. When nitrate of
potash costs less than nitrate of soda and muriate of
potash — that is, when the cost of a pound of nitrogen
and a pound of potash is less — it will pay to buy it.
Small quantities of phosphate of potash are used in
greenhouse culture, but it would not pay for field work.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

695

AN EXPERIENCE WITH MULCHING TREES.

I would like the opinion of the Hope Farm man, also
of Grant G. Hitchings, on the following: In the
Spring of 1902 1 manured a small piece of sod ground
very heavily, plowed and planted to corn. The crows
took all the corn, and it was sown to millet, and a very
light crop harvested. In the Spring of 1903 I planted
upon this ground 05 apple trees, 20 feet apart each
way, using R. I. Greening for permanent trees and
Wagener and Ben Davis as fillers. The ground was
sown with oats and seeded very soon after the trees
were planted, and some coarse manure placed around the
trees. A very heavy growth of oats followed, which was
cut as soon as headed, before the trees had suffered, and
the entire crop placed around the trees. The trees made
a fine growth and all were alive in the Autumn. The
following Winter was extremely cold, and the following
Spring, 1904, half the Greenings were dead. The trees
were very fine, one year old, when planted. In the
Spring of 1904 280 trees were planted on adjoining
ground prepared in the same way, except that the corn
was harvested instead of millet, using the same varie¬
ties, also McIntosh Red, Wealthy and a few each of
King, Spy, Hubbardston and Sutton. Oats were sown
as before, cut, and placed around the trees. The trees
made excellent growth, some as much as two feet. The
Greenings, King, Spy, Hubbardston and Sutton are
now dead, almost without exception. A few of these
Greenings were two years old when set, while the Ben
Davis, Wagener, McIntosh and Wealthy are nearly all
alive. The trees were all bought from a nearby nurs¬
ery. I also planted, Spring of 1904, 40 two-year-old R.
I. Greening and a few Jonathan and Gravenstein
bought in Rochester. These were planted in sod in an
old orchard where a part of the old trees
had been removed. A fair crop of grass
was cut and placed around the trees.

Poultry ran in this orchard, and during
the latter part of the Summer scratched
this hay all away from the trees. The
trees made a fine growth, and now 36 of
the Greenings and all the others arc
alive and growing finely. One Greening
tree bought with the first lot and planted
in the henyard was not mulched; made
a good growth, but is now dead.

Gilboa, N. Y. d. w. s.

It is my opinion that the loss of trees
was caused by the extreme cold of Win¬
ter of 1903-4. Manuring the ground
heavily and plowing under, then cultivat¬
ing, no doubt forced a late growth, and
I have observed that Greenings and Bald¬
wins are most apt to be injured from
this cause, and especially so if trees were
grown rapidly in nursery. Last Spring
1 replaced 12 Greenings in the test plot of
cultivation versus mulch, replacing some
in each method of culture, proving that
the mulch was not the cause of the trou¬
ble. In mulching I always keep mulch
a short distance from trees; it guards
from danger of mice and is as much ben¬
efit to tree as close up. With the ground in as good
condition as D. W. S. describes I should cut the grass
and let it lie where cut, and not place around trees.

GRANT G. HITCHINGS.

My first thought was that the mulch was left close
up around the trees, and that mice gnawed them. I). W.
S. says the trouble was not due to mice. I regard
the Greening tree as tender when forced too fast in the
nursery and grown late in the season. I have a num¬
ber of trees that have not yet recovered from the fear¬
ful Winter of 1903-4. Some of them have sent out
shoots close to the ground, and I am cutting off the
tops so as to make new stems. It is a mistake, I think,
to leave the mulch close up around the trees through
the Winter — aside from the danger from mice. I
would pull it away from the tree late in November.
Last Winter I let the mulch remain piled close around
the trees until nearly Christmas. When we pulled it
away we found the soil under it moist and open, though
outside the mulch it was frozen solid. Those trees
did not suffer, but on a few that were left we had
trouble. They were not thrifty the next Spring, and
at the collar I found on the bark what looks like sun-
scald. I reasoned that the mulch kept the bark open
and not fully matured, and that the unusual cold caught
them thus unprepared — injuring the soft wood. I would
keep the mulch at least a foot from the tree, and if pos¬
sible put a little mound of coal ashes or sand around
the trunk. When handled in this way I rarely lose a
tree. hope farm man.

A TALK ABOUT ALFALFA.

In reading what the Alfalfa growers say on page 631,
many questions and thoughts come up. In this section
we have no need of inoculation, for Sweet clover seems
to thrive everywhere that it has an opportunity. Two

days ago I saw a fine stand of Alfalfa from last
Spring’s sowing, and just across the fence on the road¬
side there were Sweet clover stems from three to five
feet high. There are very few farmers 1 know who
will need to apply lime. If they own freestone land,
they, most of them, have sufficient limestone land for
an Alfalfa field. Now this question comes to me; if
necessary to apply lime to get a start, must the appli¬
cation of lime be continued to keep the Alfalfa healthy,
and keep it growing? Much is said about the neces¬
sity of nodules on the roots as nitrogen gathers. In my
own field, now five years old, 1 have made several ex¬
aminations, and have never been able to find them.
Possibly my land is too solid and I destroy the nodules
getting the soil away from the roots. Still, I am unable
to find them when the roots have fallen out of the soil
on account of water erosion beneath them. Still I grow
good crops considering the quality of the soil; this year
at three cuttings, four tons per acre. Must 1 take my
reading glass to find the nodules?

I find a very wide difference of opinion as to the
amount of seed that should be sown per acre. A friend
who has 30 acres on land worth $150 per acre, sowed
18 pounds per acre, and thinks 10 pounds of first-class
seed, properly seeded, would be sufficient. In my own
experience in seeding 31 acres, I have used 14 to 10
pounds of seed per acre, and secured what is thought
to be a first-class stand. I know of a number of farm¬
ers here who have sown 20 pounds per acre, and deem
it sufficient. From the best information I can get, no
difference how close a stand is secured, the plants will
gradually disappear, as though stronger plants get a
hold on the soil, till at the end of four or five years
the plants will stand five or six inches apart, and this
way they will remain for years. Now, is it required

to sow such a large quantity of seed to secure
this normal stand? Throughout this section this
year, as far as I am informed, the farmers
who sowed seed last Spring without a nurse crop are
the most successful, if they have attended to clipping.
Those who sowed oats have had trouble, and some have
lost the Alfalfa on account of the oats lodging, being
unable on account of the wet weather to get the oats
off at the proper time. I am sure it is the safer plan
to find some way to make the seeding sure without a
nurse crop to help kill the weeds. It is much better
to kill the weeds before the Alfalfa is sown. The
various conditions under which the plant will succeed
or fail, are being worked out in southern Ohio. I can
name over 30 farmers, any one of whom I can reach
in one hour’s drive from my farm. These are trying
it on various kinds of soil and under many conditions
as to its use and value as a hay and pasture plant.
Every man must search out the treatment of the plant
that will best suit his farm management that the plant
will respond to. John m. jamison.

PRAISE FOR SUTTON BEAUTY APPLE.

I note the opinions of the most excellent authorities
who have passed judgment on the Sutton Beauty apple,
which differ quite widely from my own experience.
Mr. Willard was most enthusiastic over the Sutton 12
years ago, and he believed it to contain at that time
more virtues than any known variety. 1 was impressed
by his statements and I studied the variety upon my
own judgment, and upon Mr. Willard’s home grounds.
I observed first that the fruit was abundant and uni¬
formly fair; second that it was a vigorous grower, and
third, that the foliage was very strong and healthy,
three most important requisites in a variety for suc¬
cess. I purchased from Mr. Willard a quantity of

Northern Spy trees, upon which I top-worked selected
scions from this Sutton tree. In three years they were
bearing fruit, which was so superior in every way that
Mr. Willard, as superintendent at the State Fair, did
not recognize them, and ruled them out on day of
entrance as not true to name, but later reinstated them.

I have extended the planting of Sutton largely, and
have three generations of trees from special selections
of stock and buds, all of which are bearing within 12
years. One of the highest values in the Sutton is its
strong luxuriant foliage, which resists scab, and this
is the greatest weakness of the Baldwin. With the
low temperature of the Winter of 1904 Baldwin trees
in many sections were ruined, and very generally in¬
jured. It was not over-bearing of previous years, but
the weakness of foliage, easily affected by scab, that
was the real cause of the loss of Baldwin trees. The
Baldwin is one of the best apples grown, in its right
place. On Long Island and in the Hudson Valley it
developed high quality and flavor, but the sections are
limited where this quality is obtained. The Sutton is at
its best near the holidays. It has special value in being
ready for use at that time, as the Baldwin is not suffi¬
ciently ripe to go on the market so early in the Winter.
It always sells above market quotations, and the present
year it will rank in value with King in the English
markets. Prof. Gulley is right when he says the Sut¬
ton should be top-worked and headed low. Mr. Willard
was right in his advocacy of the Sutton, and he should
now stick to his first love, but recently he has hedged,
and has been carried off by some other fair charmer
untried. The lesson is, and the advice should be that
in the selection of varieties, local conditions should be
considered and studied. Varieties are purely local, and
there is no variey that is adapted to all sections and

to all conditions of soil, climate and treat¬
ment. With seven years of continuous
bearing, and with many of the trees load¬
ed again to their utmost capacity at the
present time with apples of the highest
market value, 1 defend the Sutton Beauty
as it develops at Orchard Farm.

GEORGE T. POWELL.

A CITY FLAT DWELLER ON
VEGETABLES.

Your item on fruit sales, page 635, at
last explains where the apologies for ap¬
ples which we have been getting lately
come from. I am writing from the view¬
point of the other end of the line, as it
were, but you will wonder why on earth
a dweller on the sixth floor of a 52-family
flat house, on the great East Side of New
York City, should be a subscriber of The
R. N.-Y., but that, as they say, is another
story. Now to the farm products (which
as you probably know we are compelled
to buy from the small corner vegetable
stands, all now owned by Italians), we
get them probably many days after they
have left the farm, and in many cases
their condition is such that you would feed
them to your cattle. Corn, fairly good,
and old enough to hold its own in any company, four
ears for 10 cents. Carrots, poor little things that look
as though they should still be in the nursery, five cents
for two bunches containing six carrots the size of a
large finger. Beans, all colors, eight cents per quart,
but I wander; these did not come from a farm, they are
turned out bv a rubber factory. Tomatoes, 10 cents
per quart, five fair-sized ones, tasted right nice to us ;
your pigs would probably not consider them extra
quality. Apples, 15 cents a uart, but as you have so
accurately described them on page 635, I need say no
more. Peaches beautifully colored, and “fair but
false,” at 65 cents for a basket size of medium grape
basket. You also know of the large department
stores, which sell any and everything, including
vegetables. My wife asked me to send home a
few days ago some tomatoes, Lima beans and pota¬
toes, and having purchases to make at the largest of
them all, I thought to save time and money by buying
everything at the one place. Tomatoes when they got
home, five small ones for 10 cents, were so soft all
went right into the garbage pail ; Lima beans, 10 cents
for the smallest quart, but little more than a handful
when shelled ; the potatoes at 30 cents a peck were
passable, so we are continuing to patronize our Italian
stands. Eggs not quite out of the shell are 12 for 25
cents; real fresh ones (about two to three weeks old)

II for 25 cents. They are not sold by the dozen here, so
many for a quarter of a dollar.

Yearning for a Spring chicken, and not caring for
one from Kansas, possibly two or three months in a
cold storage vault, and to make quite sure, I had to
go to a kosher butcher (Jewish) where it was killed,
picked, “drawn Mid quartered” in 10 minutes whilst I
waited ; it weighed with head and feet off. and drawn,
just one pound, two ounces; 40 cents, please. When,
however, the wife and I, very hungry, on the beach at
Coney Island, lit into that chicken, we forgave you
farmers much ; you know how it tasted to us. Can’t
you turn them out a little cheaper though? We would
really like to become bettet acquainted with these tooth¬
some birds, but it is too far to go to the Zoo to see
what a chicken looks like I presume to you farmers,
the prices I have quoted seem high for the quality. How
much of it do you get? s. friedlaender.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP IN WESTERN NEW YORK. Fig. 296.’ See Page 697

696

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 23,

FARMERS’ CLUR

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address o£ the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our, advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. i

Temperate Fruit in Tropical Climate.

Ij. If. IE., Morrinonville, Pa. — Is it possi¬
ble to grow same varieties of pears, peaches,
plums, cherries and apples in a climate free
from frost as what we grow here?

Ans. — The Peen-to and Honey peaches,
both natives of China, will thrive in a
frostless climate, but no varieties of
pears, cherries, plums or apples with
which we are acquainted can be success¬
fully grown in climates too warm to allow
the trees to shed their foliage and become
dormant for a time.

Manure Around Young Trees.

IF. S. G. Coxtorland, N. Y. — I put out a
small apple orchard lliis Spring, and the
trees are now looking fine. I have given each
tree one half bushel stable manure three times
during tills Summer. Would it be a good
thing to put one bushel of good stable manure
around each tree to give them good Winter
protection ?

Ans. — No; we would not put any more
manure around the trees this Fall. Pull
what you have put on away from the
base of the tree ; otherwise mice will work
under it and gnaw the trees. By putting
on more manure now you may start a late
growth, if the Fall is warm, which would
be injured by the frost. We would hold
the manure and put it on in early Spring.

Wintering Dahlias.

A. O. B., Franklin, Mass. — Will you inform
me the proper time to dig Dahlia roots, also
t lie best way to keep them through the Win¬
ter?

Ans. — There is no need of digging
Dahlia roots until the tops are injured
by the first frost. Then cut the tops near
to the ground and dig on a dry day,
storing the roots upside down in boxes in
a dry, cool place, so that they will cure
well. They may be kept over Winter in
any cellar free from frost wdiere pota¬
toes can be safely carried over. The
reason for turning the clumps of bulbs
upside down is so that the sap cannot
gather in the hollow stems and cause rot
of the crowns.

Planting Thimbleberries.

It. A., Thamesvillc, Uni.— -IIow should we
put out thimbleberries, how far put (hem up
(he row, and how wide should (lie rows be?
Which is the best time to set them out. Fall
or Spring, and what time in the Fall?

Ans. — Assuming that you mean by
thimbleberries the blackcap raspberries,
we would say that the safest time to
plant is in early Spring, as soon as the
ground can be put in good condition. If
set in Fall the young plants would not
obtain a good root hold, and are often
heaved out by frost. The usual practice
is to set this berry in rows three or four
feet apart, plants two feet apart in the
row's. This gives sufficient room in the
rows for cultivating the plants and picking
the berries at the proper time.

Behavior of Crimson Clover.

E. R., Lyme Centre, A7. H. — I saw adver¬
tised in The It. N.-Y. Crimson clover seed and
I never saw any of it growing. How high will
It grow? Does it need rich land? Can it
be sown in the Fall for hay next Summer?
Will it do to seed it with Timothy seed?
Does it make good feed for stock?

should have been seeded early in August
at the latest. It is an uncertain crop
north of Hartford, Conn., though it does
better the longer the soil receives it. It
often starts well only to be killed out in
March by the heave and thaw of the
frost. It is not a good clover to seed
with Timothy, as it does not live long
enough, while its habit of growth is
such that it kills out much young grass.

Budding and Grafting Walnuts.

J. C. IF., Sewell, N. J. — Referring to graft¬
ing Eiglish walnut on Black walnut, page
618, would say 1 did it successfully last
Spring. The stock was a one-year seedling.
Tongue-graft was the style used. I have
tried top-grafting larger trees, but without
success. 1 have been told that top-grafting
proved successful near Moorestown, N. J.
Can anyone in that vicinity give us a re¬
port?

Ans. — Take a small limb on the Eng¬

lish walnut tree with buds on it, girdle
it around with a bud in it, then go to
Black walnut tree and girdle it where you
want to insert the bud. Now remove the
bark and fit the bark from the English
walnut neatly into the stock; tie it up
with a string until you find the saps
have united. Do this in August; the bud
will be dormant till next Spring. The
diagram explains the process.

MKS. j. KAY.

Potatoes from Seed.

T. P. F., Millcrton, N. Y.— What is the
best way to grow potatoes from the seed
ball?

Ans. — Potato seeds are best saved by
cutting the balls apart when they are ripe,
and scraping the seeds out on a piece of
paper. They should be kept in a warm,
dry place where they will not mildew until
Spring, then soaked off the paper and
dried in a little dry sand, then sown in
boxes just as you would plant tomato
seeds. When the little plants come up
transplant them about two inches apart in
boxes of light soil, just as you would cab¬
bage or tomato plants, and about the last
of May, after danger of frost is over,
plant them out in the garden in good
soil, setting them about two feet apart
each way. 1 he plants should grow and
form little potatoes from the size of a
pea to that of a walnut by Fall. These
little potatoes are dug and stored in a cel¬
lar just like large potatoes, keeping the
potatoes from each plant by themselves.
A handy way is to put the potatoes from
each plant in a small paper bag until
Spring, when they may be cut in half and
planted like ordinary potatoes. Next
year you will get full-sized tubers or po¬
tatoes, and should be able to judge of the
value of the new kinds. Most of them
will be very poor and not worth growing
further, but you will stand a chance of
getting some useful new kinds. After
testing three to five years you will be able
to judge whether they are worth keeping
or whether they should be thrown away.

Ans. — Crimson clover is an annual —
that is, it makes its seed the first year
after sowdng and then dies. Thus it can¬
not be compared with our common Red
clover, which if not permitted to seed,
grows on year after year. The Crimson
grow's in cool weather. Hot weather
forces it to head out — often at three or
four inches high. Therefore it is seeded
in late Summer or early Fall. It then
makes a fair growth until the ground
freezes, and if it lives through the early
Spring it will make a rapid growth
through April and May. We have had it
grow twro feet high, but this is unusual
in the North. It makes a good feed for
cattle, but is ready to cut at a bad season
for curing. It is too late now to sow it
in your locality. If used at all there it

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NEW CANAAN, CONN. |

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PAGE

CAT¬

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SHAVING OUTFIT

Use a Real Razor.

$1

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rife I A A The total value of the
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Harrison’s

Fruit Trees

Plant select stock, your reward
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Wc Want the Trade of People
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We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear. Plum
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HARRISON’S NURSERIES,
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GAI BF— Crimson Clover Seed,
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Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

CHOICE SEED RYE.

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Specialties

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ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y,

1905.

697

SHEEP IN WESTERN NEW YORK.

Fig. 29(3, page 695, shows a group of
Shropshire sheep in (he farmyard of a
Niagara Co., N. Y., farmer. This breed
of sheep retains its popularity in spite of
(lie ‘‘booming” of new breeds. The Slirop-
shires arc reliable, and while classed as
mutton sheep they come about as close as
any to being a true general-purpose ani¬
mal. We notice that many fruit growers
keep a small llock of Shropshires. The
main purpose is to keep the farm tidy, for
the sheep clean up many weeds and tough
grasses which would be hard to clean out
of fence corners and lanes. Besides clean¬
ing such things up the sheep give a good
profit in lambs and wool.

PEACH CROP IN WESTERN N. Y.

There is a tract of land lying between
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, embracing
the northern portion of Niagara and the
western part of Orleans counties, that is
probably the greatest peach belt in the
State; in fact, about the only place in the
State where peaches can be grown suc¬
cessfully. It lies along the east shore
of the Niagara River and south shore of
Ontario. The probable cause is that lying
between the two lakes the blossoms are
protected from late frosts and also the
mercury does not fall so low in this sec¬
tion as farther south and east. This sea¬
son promises to be the banner season for
peaches. The trees are loaded, and many
growers, profiting by past experience,
have thinned out the crop so that the trees
will not break, and the fruit will be larger.
Fig. 294, page 694, shows how the trees
were broken in some orchards the last
heavy crop. There will be millions of
baskets of peaches shipped from western
New York this season; the season com¬
mences about September 1 and lasts about
four weeks. The varieties principally are
Early and Late Crawford, Elberta,
Crosby, Mountain Rose, Smock, etc.
Wages paid pickers are from $1.25 to
$1.75 per day and board, women and men
both helping in the harvest. Women do
most of the packing, big. 293, first page,
was taken on the Niagara Grape Com¬
pany’s farm at North Ridgeway.

Jeddo, N. Y. w. c. e.

CHAIR'S CHOICE PEACH FOR NEW
JERSEY.

One of our readers asks for an opinion as
to the merits of the Chair’s Choice peach in
comparison with the Elberta, Champion. Iron
.Mountain and Fitzgerald, in size and finality
of fruit, hardiness of hud, healthy foliage,
productiveness and’ as a money maker, also
its weak points if any. Will you tell us
what you think about it?

Regarding merits of the Chair’s Choice
peach, will say that up here in Sussex
County, N. J., it has proved to be one
of the most profitable varieties for me.
My experience with it leaves me free to
advise planting it largely in commercial
orchards. a. e. r.

Sussex Co., N. J.

The Chair’s Choice peach is of the
Melocoton class. If he has it correct
it is the nearest round of any in that
class, so near a Crawford’s Late as to be
practically the same. Crawford’s Late
XX Yellow and Chair’s Choice ripen very
nearly together. The finest peach of this
class that I really know is Beers’ Late.
It has size, productiveness and more
pleasing color. Brandywine is about same
season, a little later, and more productive
possibly. Reeve’s Favorite, larger. All
are interchangeable. It is some time since
I have fruited Elberta. This is a fine
colored peach, inclined to a little too much
green on one side and high color on oppo¬
site side. 'l'he Elberta with me is not
bearing, or any of the yellow peaches.
Champion is earlier than Chair’s Choice.
On the best peach lands this is fine, other¬
wise inclined lo cling in the poorer grades,
and lacks color. Elberta is hardy, fine
looking but 1 think belongs to the Chinese
class, and so far as I know most of this
class are when good very good, but when
overloaded are bitter and lack color. 1
would not now plant any peach with this

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

blood if I knew it. Iron Mountain is a
peach to avoid unless on the best situa¬
tion. Of course it is late and has to com¬
pete with the late Maryland peaches. I
may think better of this peach later. Our
trees are loaded. Fitzgerald I know only
by reputation. If I could get Beers’ Late
or Brandywine or both they would sup¬
ply me for that season. For market in
central New Jersey Mountain Rose, Old-
mixon, Stump, Beers’ Late, Brandywine,
Smock or Beers’ Smock and Crawford
Late are as good a selection as I would
need. Of course the Smock is worthless
on low land. I never saw any difference
between the Smocks. There are man;
good peaches. i. j. blackwell.

Mercer Co., N. J.

Celery Blight.

G. Q I., Ting ley, Iowa. — In The It. N.-Y.
page 634, in the article “Beware of the Dew"

I find both causes and results the same a.;
are now giving me trouble in a tine Held o:’
celery. You do not speak of Celery rust, but
it would come under the same head 1 feel
sure, and if you can give me any advice about
how to stop the pest from becoming worse I
shall feel very grateful. The oldest and larg¬
est celery is affected the worst.

Ans. — Celery blight is always much
worse in hot, rainy weather, and is also
promoted by heavy dews. The only treat¬
ment worth while appears to be thor¬
oughly to spray the young celery plants
during muggy or rainy weather with Bor¬
deaux Mixture of the strength of four
pounds each copper sulphate and lime to
50 gallons of water. It usually affects the
largest and strongest plants, killing the
outside leaves, but as cool weather comes
on most celery plants arc able to out¬
grow it. and a good crop is often had
even when the disease has been very se¬
vere. Keep your celery well hoed and
cultivated all the time, and if troubled too
much cut off and burn the whole affected
foliage. Any means of protecting celery
from dew or rain during warm weather
would have a tendency to diminish the
plant. _

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — A civ.

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Probably you have bought edged tools made of steel that
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The draw knife shown here is an example of the excellence
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Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

Parold

Before you build or repair, learn
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all roofings and sidings.

PAROID

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Send for sample and name of nearest
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of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will he sent abso¬
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Write to-day. Western Malleable St Grey Iron
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16 inch Ensilage

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The knives are
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The cutting bar is made
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mTHIS AD OUT and mail to us and we will send
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Marvin Smith Co. 55 N. Jefferson St. Chicago.

698

• THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 2."!,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Battle With San Jose Scale. —
Reports of the annual fight against San
Jose scale are dropping in. There is no
great cheer for fruit growers in these ac¬
counts, but the situation is not yet re¬
garded as without hope. Lime, sulphur
and salt washes were sparingly used this
season near the Rural Grounds, and arc
proving anything but successful. Plenty
of living scales, and active larvte during
brood periods, can be found on trees
sprayed in Winter or Spring with these
compounds, even where the work ap¬
peared to be reasonably well done. Some
very encouraging reports, however, come
from the interior of the State; some peach
and plum orchards are claimed to be al¬
most cleared of scale, and fair results at¬
tained even on apple and pear, though
lime-sulphur' compounds appear less sat¬
isfactory in their action on these trees.
We had much dry weather, amounting to
almost a prolonged drought, in the months
following March, which may account for
the more satisfactory results. When
properly boiled lime and sulphur is forci¬
bly sprayed by powerful machinery it
seems reasonably effective against scale,
and is surely a useful fungicide for peach
and plum trees. We have yet to hear of
any real successes with lime-sulphur
washes made in a small way and applied
by hand pumps.

The kerosene-limoid treatment turns
out very unsatisfactory in most places,
though some occasional fair results were
had. We are told certain large orchards
in which it was used are now in worse
condition than ever. Our personal expe¬
rience with K.-L. has not been happy.
As told in past numbers of The R. N.-Y.,
most of our trees were sprayed last Octo¬
ber with whale-oil soap solution, two
pounds of soap to the gallon of water,
with almost entire cleaning out of scale,
but with the loss of many fruit buds,
some bearing wood and the tops of a
pear tree or two. Several trees each of
peach, pear, plum, apple and cherry were
reserved for the kerosene-limoid wash.
On March 15 and 25 following a fresh
mixture of kerosene and limoid, diluted
to 18 per cent kerosene, was most care¬
fully sprayed on these trees, well coating
every portion above ground. The mix¬
ture was easily made, and sprayed in a
most satisfactory manner. Dashing rains
followed the first application, but the sec¬
ond was favored by dry weather for sev¬
eral weeks, permitting the trees to retain
their white coating until near midsummer.
Careful examinations showed a large per¬
centage of the scales dead, but enough

live ones to more than keep up the stock.

I he June brood of larvae on these trees
appeared small and not particularly active,
but the output in August was abundant
enough to crust the trees as heavily as
last year. We sprayed a number of these
trees again with K.-L., 10 per cent, in
June. Most of the larvae and some of the
older scales were killed, but many leaves
were blackened, especially on pear, and
the trees appear to have received a worse
setback than would have been given by
the scale. A plum tree sprayed in Octo¬
ber and a peach in March following with
pure petroleum are now vigorously grow¬
ing and appear entirely free from scale,
though well crusted when treated. This
has been our uniform experience with
petroleum for several years, yet owing to
the varying quality of the commercial
product and the accounts of extensive in¬
jury from petroleum we shrink from
using it largely. There are now some
promising emulsions of petroleum on the
market offered in concentrated solution,
under the names of “soluble oil” and
“resin and oil” insecticides. It is claimed
that when properly diluted they may be
safely used in Summer with but little in¬
jury to foliage, and at the same time are
highly effective as scale exterminators.
They are as yet in the experimental stage,
and _ should only be tried in the most
cautious manner. There can be no doubt
of the insecticide powers of any solution
carrying sufficient petroleum — it is a ques¬

tion of the resistance of the leaves and
other plant tissues. Oils kill by smoth¬
ering the scales, old and young, while
caustic soap solutions literally dissolve
them. It is a disputed point how the
lime-sulphur washes act on living scales;
some are claimed to be destroyed by the
first caustic effort, others slowly choked
by the sulphur gases set free by prolonged
exposure to the air.

Household Scale Destroyers. — All
tree cultivators do not depend on remedies
suggested by the experiment stations. We
know of several large old pear trees of
favorite varieties well cleared of scale by
a vigorous application of a broom
charged with soapsuds made from com¬
mon yellow laundry soap, and a group of
100 thrifty young peaches successfully
treated by dashing hot suds from the
family washing over the trees during
Winter. Probably elbow grease played
a more important part in these operations
than the strength of the soap solutions, as
they were put on as forcibly as possible,
but these treatments show that household
resources in determined hands may be
made reasonably effective. The Rural
Grounds, with its hand pump equipment,
will again rely on whale-oil. using it at
a strength of 24 ounces soap to the gallon
of water, and will also endeavor to test
some of the soluble oil preparations.

Silver Thorn for Poultry Yards. —
It has long been conceded that poultry
yards should be at least partially planted
with trees or shrubs to furnish shade and
shelter during hot or stormy weather.
Plum trees have been much used for this
purpose with excellent results as regards
promoting vigor and fruitfulness in the
trees by the constant additon of fertiliz¬
ing matter to the soil, but the coming of
San Jose scale and the great susceptibility
of all plum varieties to this miserable pest
has changed the situation. Scale may be
fought in the open where there is a fair
chance to get at the trees with spraying
equipments, but it cannot easily be con¬
trolled in the cramped quarters of poultry
yards. Kieffer pears are being planted
for poultry shelter to some extent, as
more resistant to scale, but the trees are
inclined to overbear and break down in
such stimulating situations unless the
fruits are very carefully thinned, and are
usually too upright in growth to cast good
shade. It seems' best to plant fruit trees
in more accessible situations while the
scale plague remains so difficult to handle.
As our plum trees die out from our poul¬
try runs we hope to plant clumps of
privet and Silver thorn, Elaeagnus parvi-
flora, a fruiting branch of which is shown
in Fig. 295, page 694. Several species of
Elaeagnus are referred to as Silver thorn,
but the name is most commonly applied
to E. parviflora, which forms a dense,
compact shrub, eight to 10 feet high, as
grown in this country. It blooms pro¬
fusely in May, and the pink mottled
cherry-like fruits ripen in early Septem¬
ber This Elaeagnus makes a dense shade,
is fairly hardy, and appears quite free
from insect pests and other diseases.
While not evergreen, it is ornamental at
all seasons, in Summer from its dark foli¬
age, silver}’ beneath, and silvery-brown
branches in Winter, but is particularly at¬
tractive when in fruit. The berries are
too dry to be palatable to humans, like
those of E. longipes, but are greatly ap¬
preciated by chickens, who clamber all
over the branches to get at them. It is
not to be supposed that the berries con¬
tain much nutriment, but they are cer¬
tainly more eagerly sought by fowls on
the Rural Grounds than any other fruit
of the season. We may well imagine
these meaty berries a most agreeable addi¬
tion to the diet of yarded fowls, fed al¬
most exclusively on cereals. The crop
of berries is so regular and abundant that
a small clump of bushes in an ordinary
poultry run would give a substantial addi¬
tion to the season’s diet. We have not no¬
ticed bad effects from the eating of
EL'eagnus fruits; on the contrary, the
fowls appear particularly lively at this
season. The Silver thorn might be plant¬
ed in clumps, four feet or more apart,
and would soon afford protection from
weather and hawks, and in a year or two
bear great crops of acceptable fruits.
Plants two to three feet high are offered
by nurserymen at :;3 cents each. This
species transplants well and quickly be¬
comes established. A closely related
species is E. umbellata, bearing scarlet
fruits that do not ripen until late Octo¬
ber. It may well be planted with the Sil¬
ver thorn, but if fruits are desired care
should be taken to order the female or
perfect-flowered variety, as male plants
flower abundantly, but seldom bear. By
planting in our poultry yards fruiting va¬
rieties of mulberry for tree shade and Sil¬
ver thorn for shrubby clumps the problem
of shade, wind protection and hawk
cover would be solved, while a succession
of agreeable berries for the fowls would
be provided for many weeks in Summer.

w. v. F.

ODGING of grain is caused
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THE FAMOUS “HAY MAKERS”

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THE ROGERS «Sl HUBBARD CO.,
Fertilizer Manufacturers,
MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT.

XXX

WAGON

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CERTILIZER LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
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Always have a bottle handy

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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKE^

699

Hope Farm Notes

Fruit Notes. — The chief thing wrong
about our peach crop was that it was too
short. There wasn't enough to go around.
Every customer we had wanted more. We
could have sold five times as many within
five miles of the farm. The peaches were ex¬
cellent — high colored and good size. T he
large size of some varieties, like Elberta and
Carman, surprised me, as it seems to have
been decided that whatever else we may say
of sod culture the fruit is smaller than where
the trees are thoroughly cultivated. I don't
believe that any longer for I have the goods
which disprove it. We have big apples,
peaches and pears on trees which have not
been cultivated for years. . . . Another
thing we have which gives me much worry —
the scale. It is not bad except on one block
of peach trees, which are well plastered. We
have just been experimenting with Summer
or Fall spraying. Under ordinary circum¬
stances I do not care to spray while the
leaves are all on. It is true that you catch
the scale with its thinnest armor on, but there
is great danger of hurting the tree. This
danger is almost an offset to the advantages.

I would rather wait until the leaves have
hardened, so that the tree has well finished
its growth. We have sprayed some 50 peach
trees in full leaf largely as an experiment.
We are using several different samples of
“soluble oils.” It seems that during the
past year chemists have been at work at¬
tempting to make petroleum and kerosene sol¬
uble, so that it will mix or dissolve freely
with water and not injure the foliage. We
have tried several such mixtures, among
others one of kerosene and resin. This dis¬
solves freely in water, and thus far has not
hurt the trees seriously, though it is hard on
the nozzles. I am not prepared to say yet
how thoroughly it has cleared out the scale.

I shall use this wash for wiping or scrubbing
off the trunks and branches of young trees
which carry more or less scale. In spraying
with the foliage on I find one objection to
low-down heads which I had not seriously
considered before. I have headed some of our
peach trees within a foot of the ground. It
is hard to get the spray thoroughly around
the stems of such trees. In many cases that
is where the scale gets in its worst work.
Many young trees will be found fairly crusted
with scale at the stems, and the low head
makes it hard to get at them. When the tree
gets older the stem bark is rough and the in¬
sects cannot hurt it so much. On trees where
the worst work of the insect is at the tops, I
have cut off the limbs and started a new top
by painting the stem with kerosene and limoid.
Where the young stem is well crusted I begin
to think it wiser to cut the tree down and
put a new one in its place, and give it better
care.

Kerosene and Limoid. — The following
letter is a fair sample of many :

“Will 10 per cent K.-L. mixture be as ef¬
fective against San .Tost? scale sprayed in Sep¬
tember as 20 per cent in the Spring? Will it
be all right to spray trees in September that
are affected with scale now? What proportion
of kerosene would be best to use?” J. o. R.

If the trees are not very bad I would wait
until December or Spring, and use a 20 per¬
cent mixture of kerosene and limoid. Many
of my trees will not be sprayed until Decem¬
ber, as I do not think they are bad enough
to warrant it. Others are so bad that I ex¬
pect to spray them twice, once with a mix-
lure as strong as a 10 per cent K.-L. in late
September, and again in December with a mix¬
ture twice as- strong. One object in spraying
early in Winter is to make sure of the scales.
You can tell by Spring whether your work
has been effective, and if any large number of
live insects are found you can give them an¬
other dose. Newer readers should understand
that K.-L. stands for a mixture of kerosene
and limoid — the latter being a very fine
ground lime containing some magnesia. The
kerosene and limoid are mixed in the form of
a paste, water added and well churned up,
and then enough water added to give the
right proportion. A 10-per-cent K.-L. means
10 quarts of kerosene and 10 pounds of lime
with 00 quarts of water, making 100 quarts
of mixture. Our experience with this K.-L.
has been fairly satisfactory. I am satisfied
it saved our oldest peach trees and gave us a
fair crop, but it did not kill all the scales,
and some of the trees are still well covered,
and must be sprayed again. While we can
keep the scale in check with K.-L. we have
not cleaned it out by any means. On one
block of Baldwin apple trees where we used
K.-L. thoroughly the trees are quite free,
while some of the fruit shows the scale marks.
I must say that a Greening orchard where
we used lime and sulphur has fewer spotted
apples.

Disn washing. — The woman who told us
about washing machines last week asks an¬
other question, which I hope will attract some
housekeeper with a sensible answer.

“Now I want a little light on another
household machine — a dish washer. Have
you folks ever tried one of those, and do
you recommend it as highly as you do the
washer? I live on a dairy farm, and spend
on the whole about one and one-half day
of every week washing dishes. Do you know
of a machine that will wash and dry the
table dishes well without undue breakage!"

In my younger days I was for a time dish¬
washer in a large boarding house. Much ol
the cooking was done by steam. There was a
large wooden tank or box in the kitchen, and
we had steam pipes connected with it. By
putting racks or shelves in the box and plac¬
ing the dishes on them, and then letting in
steam at high pressure about three-fourths
of the “dirty work” of dish washing was done
quickly. A small quantity of kerosene sprayed
on the dishes helped, and tnere was no trace
of the oil left. YVe have never tried but one
dishwasher, and our folks went from that
back to the old hand method. At the big
hotels I am told that, they have a sort of
wire cage in which dishes are set. This cage
is let down into a dish or tank containing hot
water and washing powder and whirled
around. This takes off much of the grease
and but little hand work is needed — at least
given. It seems to me that most people use
water that is too cold, and also the wrong
kind of soap. Kerosene will certainly heln.
but housekeepers do not like to use it. Hav¬
ing washed a good many acres of dishes m
my time I know what the job amounts to.

It is worse than any chore that ever grew
around a barn. I hope some one will come
forward with a remedy.

Cni.TiVATiNG Strawberries. — Any attempt
to answer the following question will only
make it clear that facts are often based on
personal opinion or conditions.

“I would like to ask if it is practical to
cultivate a fruiting bed of strawberries in the
Spring? YVe all know they want all of the
moisture they can get, but the berries get so
sandy it spoils their sale unless well bedded
with mulch, and does it pay?” o. R. l.

I know good growers who cultivate thor¬
oughly up to the very time of picking. They
usually have rather sandy land, grow the
varieties that, do best in hill culture, and find
It hard to obtain good mulching material.
They get good results. 1 have seen them pick
the berries. The fruit is not as clean as I
should like, but it sells well. As I am situ¬
ated I would do little If any Spring cultivat¬
ing. Our soil is inclined to be heavy, and in
spite of all we can do the plants run out more
or less between the rows. YY'e try to give
thorough culture during the Fall. Just now
we are working over one patch for the eighth
time this season. If possible every weed will be
out of the patch by November, and just be¬
fore the ground freezes we shall cover the
whole surface with straw manure and vines
of bush Lima beans. This will remain on
until the plants start in the Spring. Then
we will help the plants through by raking
the mulch from over them and let it lie on
the ground between the rows. In ordinary
seasons with us this gives the crop moisture
enough to develop its fruit. In very dry
seasons, in which weeds come in, we work
around the plants in the rows with narrow
hand hoes. It is necessary to get down on
your knees to do this right, and it pays.
YY'e doubt the wisdom of giving much Spring
cultivation to strawberries, or of using fertil¬
izer in the Spring. A fair amount of nitro¬
gen may pay, but since the fruit buds are
formed in late Summer and Fall most of the
fertilizer ought to be used at that time.

Ale Sorts. — The Alfalfa is still growing.

It is now nearly three inches high, with a
good color. The older field is getting thicker.
On half the space there is now a good stand,
and I am inclined to let it go, and not plow
it in the Spring. . . . Our calf that was

raised without milk is small but strong and
thrifty. She has good pasture and oats — that
is all.' For the first month she had an aver¬
age of three pints of milk a day, with oat¬
meal boiled to a gruel and some calf meal.
Since the first four weeks she has had no
milk at all. She had a hard struggle for a
time, but is now healthy enough for anyone.
She does not grow large, and we conclude that
while it is possible to raise a calf without
milk there is not much profit in it. . . .

The pigs did poorly in their pen, although
well fed and kept clean. They did not grow
as they should. YY'e let them out into the
orchard and they picked up at once. They
get their nose into the dirt, eat grass and
rape, and gnaw at the windfall apples. They
are now growing like weeds. It is an amus¬
ing thing to see a dozen young pullets fol¬
lowing each pig about. As the strong snout
rips through the sod the pullets pounce In
and often get the worm or grub before the
pig can get his nose out. . . . The foun¬

dation for the new addition to the house is
laid The mason gave us an example in the
art of hustling. YYre had the cellar dug and
the stones hauled, and then rested. About
4 o’clock in the afternoon of Labor Day the
mason drove up to say he would be at work
early the next morning. There was no sand
on the place. The roads were full of mud.
and the sand bank over a mile away, with a
good hill between. I had celebrated Labor
Day by working, but states have been lost be¬
fore now for the lack of sand, and so we
hitched up the team and the little boy and I
hauled the first load before dark. The mason
had his lime in it by 7 o’clock, and the way
he put those walls together was a caution to
younger men and a shame to lazy ones. “YY’e
didn't come here to play,” he said, “we came
to work” — and the stones grew together like
magic. They used a lime mortar and set up
a wall of stones out from the hank, filling
in with smaller stones and covering all with
a good coat of mortar. These stones were
taken from our old walls — weighing from 40
to 125 pounds. They make a solid founda¬
tion when people know how to put them to¬
gether. I have had a number of letters from
people who ask if the common stone found in
old walls can Tie used for this purpose. All I
know is that ours are, and that they have
given excellent satisfaction. I would not
have it thought that the whole of New Jer¬
sey is covered with big stones. The other
day a man came to see me wtio lives on a
farm barely three miles away. It is a level,
sandy farm with hardly a stone on it. New
Jersey is built in streaks, like some Jersey-
men.' It is hardly fair to hit them in one
streak and think you have touched a fair
sample of the whole. YY'itli the rapid build¬
ing that is going on down in the valley be¬
low us I have no doubt that before many
years our stone walls will bring nearly the
original price of the farm for building pur¬
poses. It is astonishing how society, or the
crowding of people into certain localities gives
value to things that were considered nseless
A man might sit on one of these farms near
New Y’ork and do nothing — letting good fields
grow to bramble and weeds. Finally, the
growth of population will, without any effort
on his part, double the selling value of bis
land ! All through our section this revolution
is going on. For one I am sorry for it, for
while it is pleasant to think that the value of
farm property is rising, I would rather have
it rise because the earning capacity of the
land has been increased. It does not give
a farmer a very high opinion of his own work
to see that others are increasing the value
of his property by settling around it.

ii. w. c.

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September 23,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Hekbert W. Collingwood, Kditor.

Or. Walter Van* Fleet.) . „ „

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, ^ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 y2 marks, or 10*4 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL,”

\Ve believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1905.

VOTE WITH THE ENVELOPE.

The R. N.-Y. lias done its share in urging farmers
to vote with the postage stamp. This voting lias elected
results — even those who were stamped into line will
admit that. Now we ask your stamp vote for. another
purpose, which is explained on the next page. We want
you to vote with this little envelope, which you may do
by getting a friend or neighbor to authorize you to
write his name in this envelope and send it to us with
10 cents. We seldom ask you for favors, hut this is a
tiling that we feel free to come to you with. Help us
in this way, and we will try to make the service mutu¬
ally helpful. Vote with the envelope!

*

What prices are offered for apples in your neighbor¬
hood ? V armors find it very useful each year to com¬
pare such prices. There may be a great difference in
such offers in localities only a few miles apart. Send us
the figures. This is a practical method of co-operation.

*

' In some of the districts in New York where cabbage
is grown the crop will be small. Buyers will soon he
going through these sections talking “big western crop”
in order to hold eastern prices down. What are the
facts? We want reports from western cabbage growers,
giving a fair statement of conditions and prices offered.
Here is a chance for cabbage growers to co-operate
without cost.

*

The fakers and the funny men are hard at work ad¬
vertising Luther Burbank. The fakers take some new
plant which Mr. Burbank is watching, write extrav¬
agant stories about it, and broadcast the statement all
over the country. The funny men solemnly tell of new
breeds of hogs or mules which the “wizard” is to let
loose upon the public. It is too bad that a modest,
retiring man like Mr. Burbank should be annoyed in
this way. Notoriety is painful to him.

*

As one result of the investigation of the Agricultural
Department promised by Secretary Wilson, Dr. D. E.
Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, has
resigned. This Bureau has been little more than a vet¬
erinary department. In spite of the criticisms of stock
men, this Bureau has done some useful work, but it has
never come up to what seems to us the possibilities of
such a department. Now that Dr. Salmon has retired
the Bureau might well be reorganized, broadened out
and made to attend to other matters beside meat inspec¬
tion and animal diseases. The live stock interests of
the country would appreciate this, and Secretary Wilson
might well consider the plan.

*

There is very little open' objection to the proposed
“good roads” appropriation which will he submitted to
New York voters this year. The proposition is to bond
the State for $50,000,000. the money to be used, under
fair restrictions, for improving the State highways.
There are many people in the State who object to the
principle of State bounties. It is safe to say that thou¬
sands who voted against the canal appropriation will
favor the road bonds or not vote at all. It would hardly
be possible to name any plan for spending public money
that comes nearer benefiting the entire people than this
one of improving country highways. The canal appro¬
priation. the proposed shipping subsidies, and other ways
of spending public money benefit small classes of people.

f

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKE

Good roads will benefit rich and poor, city and country
alike. The humblest road running back to a farm
home is a part of the Nation’s great highway system.

*

The large express companies seem to work on the
principle that they can tire out people with just com¬
plaints by writing that they are “looking it up.” They
seem to figure that most people will stop writing after a
while and pocket the loss. There is no chance for the
owner of a small package, lost or damaged, to obtain a
fair settlement, and in most cases the amount is too
small to warrant one in bringing suit at law. The
writer has a case of this sort against an express com¬
pany, and as an experiment we intend to keep at it and
see just how long it will take to “look it up.” No doubt
many heads now black will be white as snow before the
“investigation” is finished, but we will see it through.

*

Among organized workers for the parcels post the
Society of American Florists may be reckoned upon for
active and intelligent support. At the recent annual
convention of this society at Washington, D. C., Pres¬
ident Vaughan observed, in his address, that postal
reform is perhaps the most important National matter
affecting florists, seedsmen and nurserymen. He con¬
siders that the third and fourth class matter should be
combined on a basis of one cent for two ounces, and
that there should be a bulk rate per pound for cata¬
logues, without the per ounce weight limit which now
compels the trimming of catalogues to an exact fraction
of an ounce. Mr. Vaughan asks each and every florist
to write his Congressman concerning parcels post and
other postal reforms. There are a great many florists
in New York State, and their pens arc likely to provide
more thorns than roses for the. Hon. Thomas C. Platt.
This is no reason, however, for farmers to cease remind¬
ing the same venerable gentleman of their views on this
subject — the florist and the farmer ought to make a
strong team.

*

The following statement about fence wire comes from
various parts of the country:

Dealers here say that just as good fence wire can be fur¬
nished as was ever made (which some editors don't seem to
know) and t lie farmer Is not going to demand it at the extra
price until he learns by experience that he must. h. a. ii.

We know what the dealers say, but suppose you ask
them to give a written guarantee that the wire will last
15 years— as the old-fashioned wire did. See what a
silence will fall upon them! If they have wire just as
good as was ever made why should they hesitate to
guarantee it? During the past year, since the present
campaign for better wire was started, a better quality
of wire has been put on the market. The chief improve¬
ment is in the galvanizing, but this docs not cover all
the trouble. The metal now used is not equal to the
old style metal in its power to resist rust. Our friend
makes a mistake when he says that farmers are not
willing to pay extra for extra quality. A good propor¬
tion of them know that quality pays, and as soon as a
manufacturer is willing to give a guarantee he will
find this out.

*

Hon. Thomas C. Platt, the expressman who sits in
the U. S. Senate and does his best to put a point of
order on the parcels post law, has his troubles like the
rest, lie has just been sued by a woman who claims
to have secured important information for him. Here
is part of the newspaper report:

She alleges that she gave Senator Platt such information
as was useful to him while she was in the Post Oflice De¬
partment and that she first discovered that Postmaster-Gen-
eral Payne intended recommending the passage of a post
check system hill in his annual report in 1902. This in¬
formation she says she gave to Senator Platt who, she al¬
leges, went down to the Department early next morning and
after marshaling his political forces succeeded in having the
leeommendations greatly modified. She says Mr. Platt told
her the information saved the express companies hundreds
of thousands of dollars.

This money was saved for the poverty-stricken
express company out of the public. The system oi send¬
ing money by post check would have been a great con¬
venience to country people, but it meant fewer money
orders for the express companies. What a helpful thing
it is to have a man in the Senate who works so hard in
the interests of the common people. We will give him a
little information which will not cost him a cent — or a
lawsuit. Farmers and common people generally want a
parcels post. What is more, they will have it if it is
necessary to make the U. S. Senate all over.

*

Mr. Jamison of southern Ohio (page G95) finds it
hard to understand why farmers in other sections should
go to such pains to get a stand of Alfalfa. Inoculating,
using lime and fertilizers, and all the petting and fussing
which some writers advocate seem useless to him, for
in his locality all one has to do is to fit the land and
sow the seed. Tn that section Sweet clover grows in
abundance, therefore inoculation is not necessary. The

R.

natural soil is in the proper condition, therefore lime
is not needed. We have heard farmers around Syracuse
express surprise that anyone should have trouble in
growing Alfalfa. They have no trouble, then why
should others fail? This misunderstanding is brought
about through one of the most common errors of
human nature — failure to understand the conditions
which surround another. The writer seeded Alfalfa
five times, following closely each time careful directions
from an Alfalfa expert. The result may be fairly stated
as V/ failures. The sixth attempt, in which both lime
and inoculating soil were used, promises to be a success,
although possibly more “fussing” may yet be needed.
Like thousands of other farmers, we are satisfied that
a good stand of Alfalfa will he worth all it can cost in
experimenting and study. Tt will usually prove most
valuable in soils and in situations where it is hardest
to get it started. We are not willing to leave it to
those who have only to fit the natural soil and sow the
seed. We want the crop, even if it requires lime, bac¬
teria or what not to make it grow. These things arc
evidently needed by some of us.

*

The prices for vegetables and fruits quoted by our
friend on page 095 ought to set many a farmer to think¬
ing. This man is like many others who live in New
York. They want good vegetables, and are willing to
pay fair prices when they can buy fresh goods. Under
the present system of distribution it is almost impossible
for such people to buy what they want. The vegetables
are usually a week or more from the vine before they
are delivered to the consumer. They have passed
through several hands, each one of course demanding
a share of the final retail price. By the time the rail¬
road, the carter, the commission man and the small
dealer have had their share there is little left for the
farmer under such a system. The buyer is not satisfied
and ends by eating less than half the vegetables that
he would if he could get them fresh. The farmer con¬
cludes that he is called upon to support several families
besides his own by providing work for all these handlers.
The situation is had enough, and there seems no imme¬
diate chance for relief. In many other cities, from
Boston to Baltimore, farmers can drive into the city,
open a stand in the public markets, and sell their goods
direct. Something of this is done in New York, hut the
city being built on an island, is harder to reach. The best
solution of the problem would be co-operative stores in
the residence districts, where the farmers of a locality
could send their goods with some representative to sell
them. In theory this is one of the easiest things to do,
while in practice it is the hardest. Such things, how¬
ever, should cause a farmer to make sure of his own
garden at least. _

BREVITIES .

Looks like a short potato crop.

Time to have the pullets housed.

Nearest to meat of anything that grows — Lima beans.

The asparagus patch is a good place for Fall chickens.

IlOW about the man who is willing to accept an easy and
pleasant job?

No, you will not always drive things to a head by spend¬
ing too much time detailing them !

For the man who doesn’t see the importance of it, spray¬
ing is the meanest job on the farm.

. Din it ever occur to you that the habit of giving others
“a piece of your mind” does not add in any way to peace
of mind?

The suggestions given by Mr. C ox on first page will in¬
terest many fruit growers. Two or three pickings from one
tree seem worth while.

When you find a D. S. Senator who objects to the election
of Senators by popular vole it's 10 to 1 that he couldn't
possibly be elected that way !

Efforts to organize agricultural laborers in this country
into labor unions have thus far failed. In Denmark, we
understand, the workers in creameries, 4,000 strong, will
organise to protect their interests.

Note from the Syracuse Alfalfa field : “The third crop
of Alfalfa is coming on nicely, and new seeding looks good.
We have some that was seeded alone July 22, after peas
for canning factory, and is looking very well.”

Since the note about Winter work in Florida was printed
we have had many letters from men who want the spend
the Winter south. From our experience we should say that
If a man is able to pay expenses on such a trip he will do
well.

Some six months ago the city farmer who was to show the
“old mossbacks" how to run their farms was at bat. Now
he is looking for a hole in the fence — wishing he had some
of that moss on his own back to break the fall. These “old
farmers" are hard to beat on making a living.

It seems to be the fashion now to try to clean stains of
history ofT ancestors or “old inhabitants.” A good argu¬
ment is now being made to show that the Hessians who
fought for King George in the Revolution did not: bring
the destructive wheat fly which bears their name.

The master butchers of Germany have petitioned their
government to permit the entry of live animals free of duty.
The price of beef cattle on the hoof September 7 was 14%
cents a pound, and of live pigs 14 cents. The high price
of food is injuring many industries in the great manu¬
facturing towns of Germany.

1805.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

7oi

THE LITTLE ENVELOPE

up the weeks for yourself. The sooner you send it the more papers he
will get. You understand we send it

which you will find in this paper is for immediate use- You have some
friend or neighbor who is not now a reader of The R. N.-Y. Doubtless
you have told him about the paper, and how useful it has been to you,
but he has neglected to subscribe. Now we want his name in order to
reach our desired list of 100,000 subscribers, and we have made it as easv
as possible for you. to induce him by offering a liberal short-term sub¬
scription. We have found a trial subscription of this sort the best wav to
interest new readers. Sample copies are well enough as far as thev go,
but we have found that when a good farmer receives The R. N.-Y.
regularly for several weeks he is quite likely to become a permanent
subscriber, for it will take such a man several weeks to learn just what the
paper can do for him. These trial subscriptions have led to a great
permanent increase in our list. Our readers have helped greatly, because
they have sent 11s subscriptions for good farmers and responsible men.

You understand that the farmers’ interests need a strong and fearless
champion. That is what we try to make of The R. N.-Y., and it must
be evident to all that the power of such a paper to accomplish worthy
things must be in proportion to the number of responsible readers it has
back of its words. Thus, aside from any feeling of friendship vou mav
have for us, it will be a useful thing for you as a farmer to help make
your friends permanent subscribers.

For these reasons and others which you will understand, we have
decided to repeat the great inducement offered last year. We want
your help in obtaining new subscribers, and, therefore, will send the paper
fco the new subscriber every week from the time we receive the envelope
with his name and his dime to the first of January, 1906. You can count

Every Week for the Remainder of
the Year for TEN CENTS.

If you send the 10 cents yourself, as a gift to your neighbor, we will,
of course, send the paper; but we would much prefer that you get the
neighbor’s dime- Small as it is, it gives him more interest in the paper.
The 10 cents will probably pay for the postage and wrapping and mailing
— all the rest we stand. We simply want more farmers to know the
paper. You know the kind we want.

We have letters in every mail telling 11s the paper is better than ever

before. We are

glad

to have them. It ought to be better. We are

sparing no money or pains to make it so. We make no boasts for the
future. Each issue will testify as the best work that is in us. We simply
want to show our farmer friends what that best is. We feel that we
make no .mistake in coming, straight to you with this request. You know
us. You believe in the purposes and ambitions of the paper, and we know
this little envelope will return with the name of a friend and his dime.
You will find a little coin pocket for the dime at the point of the arrow.
Make sure that the name and address are written on the blank lines before
the envelope is sealed.

Thanking you in advance for this interest and courtesy, we are, with
best wishes, Sincerely yours,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Miss Fannie Wickes, of Washington. D. C.,
died at Livingston, Mont., September li, from the effects of
falling into a boiling spring in the Yellowstone National
Park several days previous. In company with other eastern
tourists, Miss Wickes was making a tour of the I’ark. While
viewing a geyser, she stepped backwards in an effort to dodge
the blinding spray of the spouter, and fell into a hot spring,
the water of which was fairly bubbling. Her body was fear¬
fully scalded, and death ensued after a period of Intense
agony. . . . W. A. Ilawgood & Co., owners of the steamer

Iosco, which foundered in the storm on Lake Superior Sep¬
tember 2-3, received information September 7 from Mar-
cpiette, Mich., saying that the bodies of four men and one
woman have been washed ashore at Line River, with life
preservers attached to them, bearing the name “Iosco.” The
woman is believed to have been the wife of the cook. The
Iosco carried a crew of 10 persons, all of whom undoubt¬
edly perished. The total number of lives- lost in the Lake
Superior storm is now placed at 40. . . . In a spectac¬

ular lire, causing $000,000 loss, the Santa Fe grain elevator,
Chicago, and nearly a million bushels of grain, mostly wheat,
were totally destroyed September 0. The flames rose high
from the burning structure and lighted up the sky for miles
around. . . . The Rand Powder Mills at Fair Chance,

I’a., blew ui) September 0. Twenty-five employees of the
plant were killed, literally blown to pieces, and the buildings
of (lie powder mill were torn to sticks and splinters. All
that remains is a hole 1.7 feet deep and 50 yards across
where the storage magazine stood, partially filled with
blackened debris and heaps of blackened wreckage. The ex¬
plosion was the third at the Rand plant within two years.
Three men were killed in the first and 10 were injured in
file second, which was comparatively slight. . - . . Not

a single deafh from yellow fever occurred at New Orleans
September 11. The record of new cases was 38. Resides the
report of no deaths, the more important announcement was
made by I)r. .1. II. White, United States Marine Hospital
surgeon in charge, that the new mosquito exterminator known
as “Culicide,” discovered by Dr. Mims, chemist for t lie city
board of health, will be adopted by the Government. Dr.
White announced that the disinfectant is composed of equal
parts of carbolic acid and gum camphor. He has advised
strongly against amateur use of the composition owing to
its explosive character. None but skilled employees of the
United States Marine Hospital Service will be permitted to
use the culicide. Reports from the country parishes show
2<i new cases and five deaths. ... A test case to decide
whether a certain proprietary medicine should be classed as
a “liquor" within the meaning of the law was begun Sep¬
tember 7 by the New York State Excise Commissioner. The
action takes the form of a suit to compel forfeiture of the
bond of II. I). Dwight & Co., druggists, of Syracuse, on the
ground that they have violated the statute by selling “liquor’’
without a physician's prescription or a storekeeper's or saloon
license. The United States Guarantee Company which
bonded the drug firm, is a co-defendant. This Is the second
action of t lie kind brought by the Excise Department in an
effort to stop the sale by druggists of proprietary medicines
alleged to contain a large percentage of alcohol. This case
is scheduled for trial this Fail in Onondaga County.

An elevated railroad train bound down town went off the
tracks at Fifty-third street and Ninth avenue. New York,
September 11. One car fell to the street. Eight persons
were killed immediately. Fifty more were maimed, some of
them so seriously that the list of dead was increased to 12.
The direct responsibility was narrowed down to twb men
— Paul Kelly, the motorman of the train, and C. K. Jack-
son. the switchman at the junction of Ninth avenue and
Fifty-third street, where part of the traffic of the upper
West Side elevated line is separated from the Ninth avenue
trunk line to the Ninth avenue local and the Sixth avenue
local lines. It is said that the signals were set for Sixth
avenue. The train was a Ninth avenue train. Kelly sent
it at the junction at full speed, apparently without the
slightest thought that lie was bound on any other course than
straightway down grade through Ninth avenue. Striking
the switch at this high speed the first car of the train, a
heavy motor car, well tilled with passengers, .careened
sharply, but held the rails. Following car was whipped
off the rails, the third car also left the rails, and the smash
came. The second car, whose passengers were doomed,
nearly all of them, to death or maiming, turned over slowly
and was thrust straight out above the street. The car was
twisted and battered and rent by the strain and went all
to pieces in the air, so that men and women came dropping
down out of it like seeds from a bursting pod. So sudden
had the catastrophe been that some of them clutched news¬
papers in both hands as they plunged. The roof of the
car was undermost. It split and broke in 10 places, and
whenever it buckled and gaped people fell through the holes.
Tlie dead were horriblv mangled.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. — Dr. David E. Sal¬
mon. chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Department
of Agriculture, has tendered his resignation, to take effect
in1 mediately upon the appointment of his successor. The
resignation has been accepted, to take effect on October 1.
charges filed reeentlv against Dr. Salmon related to the
connection which he had had with George E. Howard in the
’Tinting business, and which later resulted in the organiza¬
tion of the Howard Label Company of Washington. D. C.
'Fills company holds the contract for supplying meat inspec¬
tion tags to the Government. The relations of Dr. Salmon
and Mr. Howard were investigated by Solicitor McCabe of
the Department of Agriculture, and the doctor was exon¬
erated, it having been shown that he withdrew from the
company soon after the first contract was received from the
Government. Charges were preferred against Dr. Salmon
also in connection with the meat inspection service, which

is conducted under the direction of his bureau. He was ex¬
onerated also on these charges, but the report was not ac¬
cepted as satisfactory by the packing concerns, whose appli¬
cations for meat Inspection had been denied. The report
of Solicitor McCabe set forth that this year there have been
12 applications for meat inspection, and that nine of these
were denied. Dr. A. D. Melvin, assistant chief of the Bu¬
reau of Animal Industry, will be promoted to the vacancy.
It is confidently predicted that other important changes will
follow. Something "is going to happen” to the soil-survey
division. Whether its head. Milton Whitney, will be dis¬
placed or transferred to other work is not clear, but it is
unlikely that the Department will ask Congress this Winter
to continue the appropriation without some substantial modi¬
fication of its plan. Among so large a staff as this bureau
has, some of its member are doing useful work, and an at¬
tempt will be made to save them from slaughter. Resigna¬
tions among the clerks of the Department as a whole are
coming with considerable frequency, indicative of the clear¬
ing up that is going on. . . . Another branch of the ac¬

tivities of the Department of Agriculture, its restrictions on
the importations of animals, has come tinder criticism. A
delegation of bird importers has just returned from Wash¬
ington, where they complained to Assistant Secretary Pal¬
mer in regard to the system of bird inspectors employed
by the Department. The bird men say that they secured
no satisfaction. The Department prevents the importation
of undesirable birds by requiring importers to secure a per¬
mit specifying the kinds of birds imported. The law re¬
quires that this permit be handed over to a representative
of the local appraisers to verify by examining the birds.
If the appraiser is in doubt he can call in one of three
bird inspectors licensed by the Department of Agriculture.
The inspector then charges the importer $5 for the inspec¬
tion. The bird importers allege that their permits have so
been made out by the Department of Agriculture that In¬
spectors must always he called in, and that, knowing this,
the appraisers refuse to act. One of the bird inspectors,
it is alleged, is an insurance agent.

ITALY. — An earthquake disaster of enormous proportions
has taken place in Calabria. The known dead September
8 numbered 347. Many persons were injured. Entire vil¬
lages have been devastated. Light shocks are reported to
have occurred at Casteliamare, Naples, and Florence. Cal¬
abria is a region of southern Italy, forming the southern
part of the former Kingdom of Naples. It is divided into
three provinces — Oosenza, Calabria, and Catanzaro, and is
traversed by the Apennines through its whole extent. The
region is subject to earthquakes. Catanzaro is the capital
of the province of the same name, and is situated 75 miles
northeast of Reggio. In 1783 Catanzaro was shaken by an
earthquake, which destroyed many buildings. rl’he city has
a population of about 32,000, manufactures silk, velvet, and
woolen fabrics, and possesses luxuriant olive groves.

LEGAL DAMAGES FOR NURSERY STOCK.

Several years ago we began to collect Information re¬
garding legal damages for trees untrue to name. Fruit
growers often threaten to sue when, after some years of
waiting, it is evident that nurserymen sent them tlie wrong
varieties or diseased trees. It seems that very few such
cases have been brought into court.

One dealer in Grand Rapids was sued by a fruit grower
and a judgment was given in favor of the fruit grower. I
think this was carried to the Supreme Court, but I am
not sure. After the first judgment was given so many suits
were started against the man that he became insane.

Michigan. d. w. trine.

I have never heard of any such case, for the reason that
all nursery firms advertise that all care will be taken to have
stock true to name, etc,, but they will not be liable for more
than the orig’ tal cost Of trees, so this is practically the con¬
tract that ail firms make with their customers.

Nebraska. c. h. Barnard.

I have never known a case where suit was brought to re¬
cover damage for trees untrue to name, or otherwise not
as ordered. So far as I know, such cases have been set¬
tled In Delaware by agreement between nurseryman and
fruit grower, but usually by the grower accepting trees to
replace those not true to name — a slight, thing.

Delaware. wesley webb.

I do not know of a case where a planter has brought suit
against a nurseryman and recovered damaged for trees sold
that were untrue to name. Most of our nurserymen take the
precaution to put into their contract that in cases of this
kind they shall only be liable to the value of the trees
furnished, or that they will furnish a new lot of trees true
to name. Samuel b. green.

Minnesota.

I do not know of any case where a fruit grower has
brought suit against a nurseryman to recover damages for
trees untrue or defective. I know of a number of cases
where the trees have, after a few years’ cultivation, proved
to be untrue to name, and the parties proposed to bring
suit, but for one reason or another the suits were never
materialized. In some cases the attorneys have advised
against it. w scott

Georgia.

I do not know of any case that lias been settled in court
for damages on account of nurserymen selling one variety of
fruit trees and delivering another. A few vears ago in' mv
neighborhood, a farmer found that he had an orchard of
Red Astrachan apples which he had bought six years before
from a nurseryman for Ren Davis. The nurseryman was
glad to replace the orchard with Ren Davis apple trees on a
compromise, but no suit was brought. This Is the only case

of tlie kind coming under my observation where damage was
made good. geo. b. ellis.

Missouri.

My experience has been along the line of the frauds in the
sale of seedlings, of both other species and the true pecan,
as strictly budded pecan stock. I know of no case in which
suit for damages has been taken into the courts — the usual
practice being as you state to settle the trouble privately
out of courts. My opinion js that a few large damage cases
carried to the courts would prove a good lesson to some of
our fake nurserymen ! E. mead WILCOX.

Alabama.

The writer knew of a case where a suit was brought in
Michigan against a New York State nurseryman for dam¬
ages sustained, because the varieties of a peach orchard
fruited otherwise than correct. Almost none of the trees
proved true to name. The parties could not get service on
tlie New York nurseryman; however, he paid several hundred
dollars to settle the case, notwithstanding the fact that he
sold the trees as he bought them of a Pennsylvania grower.

New Y’ork. g. l. planders.

I know of no case of the kind having been brought to
court, though I have frequently been appealed to for advice
in such claims. I have always been able to show, however,
that as the whole burden of proof is or should be upon the
planter, there would be great difficulty in making good a
claim for diseased or injured trees accepted at the time of
planting. In the case of trees untrue to name, it seems that
the case should be a better one, provided the original label¬
ing and bills could be brought in evidence. But no. such
case lias been tried to my knowledge. e. a. popenoe.

Kansas.

Commonly in the case of large planters the buyer Is care¬
ful about buying, and the chances are the nurseryman will
have the variety true to name, or not take the risk of
selling a large quantity of stock about which there is un¬
certainty. Substitution or dishonest labeling and careless¬
ness is more likely to occur in the case of small mixed or¬
ders. Then if some kinds prove disappointing the buyer,
it seems, while lamenting the misfortune, regards it as of in¬
sufficient importance to justify going to law for redress.
There are Instances, no doubt, where unscrupulous dealers or
nurserymen have taken advantage of the situation. In other
instances mistakes are traceable to the careless or inefficient
laborers employed in filling orders. I know of instances in¬
volving considerable quantities, and serious enough to war¬
rant legal proceedings for recovery of damages, but the
orchardist or owner only “cussed awhile” and bore the
loss, or went patiently about top-working the trees. The
nearest approach to a case at law involving the principle
in question was one which came up some time ago near
here. A nurseryman bought out the stock of an older nurs¬
ery whioh was preparing to withdraw from business. The
nurseryman bought the bulk of the stock (principally apple
trees) as good marketable stock. Inspection later revealed
the fact that the trees were affected with crown gall to the
extent of about 40 per cent. On learning this the buyer
refused to receive or pay for the stock contracted for. He
was sued for the value. The case was decided favorably to
the defendant. This case involved a partial compromise.

Arkansas. _ ernest walker.

POTATO CROP.

Potatoes are blighting badly ; tons nearly dead ; will be dead
in two weeks and the potatoes are rotting quite badly. In
regard to selling too early, it will depend on the price ;
it is too early to tell about, that now. As to the crop, should
say about 65 per cent of a full crop. homer j. brown.

Cortland Co., N. Y.

The potato crop around here will be light this season, and
in some places they are rotting badly. There is not a verv
large amount of potatoes raised right here, but I think the
farmers will mostly hold what few they have to sell for a
while. If this month continues as wet all through as July
and August a large amount will rot. j. w h

Sligo, I’a. ' '

The present lookout for potatoes is discouraging. Farm¬
ers are not digging yet. but indications are that there will
not be over 50 per cent of a crop for this section Many
complain of rot. About one-half of the crop is sold in the
Fall ; the remainder is usually sold along in the Winter
part being held for the Spring trade. l. n. nelson

Wisconsin.

Potatoes are badly blighted all over western New York
A vigorous green field on September 1 was a rarity seldom
seen ; of course this means light yields of uncertain quality
Crops of questionable keeping quality will without doubt
be rushed to market, while sound stock with storage facili¬
ties will be held for higher prices. As a general expression
I would say that small growers would welcome an early
realization from their crops this Fall, owing to the unsatis¬
factory prices of last season. This fact may influence grow¬
ers to market early. c. w. bdrnett.

New York.

The outlook is not. at all promising in this section for
anything more than one-half of an average potato crop
The vines are all dead, or practically so, from blight So
far as we have been able to note, the Carmans are eiitirelv
dead and have been so ever since August 15-25, varvftig in
different, sections. Rot is appearing, and with this in view
the prospects are very doubtful of the crop coming up to the
above estimate. On account of potatoes selling for such a
fair price last Fall, and the price ruling so low later in the
season, farmers were planning quite generally to dispose of
the crop early, but no doubt the present outlook will chance
the situation considerably. hileh brothers

Steuben Co., N. \T.

702

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 23,

• T ****** WV*r*

£ Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

TITE TWO MYSTERIES.

We know nol what it is. dear, this sleep
so deep and still ;

The folded hands, the awful calm, the cheek
so pale and chill ;

The lids that will not lift again, though we
may call and call ;

The strange, white solitude of peace that
settles over all.

We know not what it means, dear, this deso¬
late heart-pain :

This dread to take our daily way, and walk
in it again ;

We know not to what other sphere the loved
who leave us go.

Nor why we're left to wonder still, nor why
we do not know.

But this we know : Our loved and dead, if
they should come this day —

Should come and ask us “What is life?" not
one of us could say.

Life is a mystery as deep as ever death can
he ;

Yet oh, how dear it is to ns, this life we live
and see !

Then might: they say — these vanished ones —
and blessed is the thought :

“So death is sweet to us. beloved! though we
may show you naught;

We may not to the quick reveal the mystery
of death —

Ye cannot tell us, if ye would, the mystery
of breath."

The child who enters life comes not with
knowledge or intent,

So all who enter death must go as little chil¬
dren sent.

Nothing is known. But. nearing God, what
hath the soul to dread?

And as life is to the living, so death is to
the dead.

- — Mary Mapes Dodge (1838-1905).

*

Napkin covers are offered as a novelty
to supersede the napkin ring. They are
of table damask, embroidered with an ini¬
tial letter in white, similar to the letters
used to mark the table linen.

*

Hot-poT gives variety in cooking stewed
meat. Two pounds of cross-rib is cut in
small pieces and put in an earthen sauce¬
pan, with two minced onions, five or six
small green peppers, whole, a few chives,
a handful of seeded raisins, a cupful of
tomatoes, peeled and sliced, eight or 10
olives, a bit of thyme, a big tablespoonful
of drippings, salt to taste, and a cupful of
vinegar and water. The pot is covered
tightly, and the mixture simmered slowly
until the meat is cooked to pieces ; then a
tablespoonful of butter well coated with
flour is stirred in to thicken the gravy.

*

A housekeeper who does not include a
pair of pliers in her kit of kitchen tools
voluntarily submits herself to much in¬
convenience. They will quickly repay
their first cost of 25 to 40 cents in wire
cutting alone, the natural feminine incli¬
nation being to cut wires with one’s fav¬
orite scissors, and their grip will tighten
rivets, loosen bolts, and perform a variety
of other useful offices. In too many
households the housekeeper’s tool kit is
limited to an elderly hammer and the
sewing-machine screw driver. She has
plenty of uses for a few small tools, which
will save both time and friction.

*

The taffeta cording used so extensively
in dress trimming needs clever hand work
to produce the scroll patterns and passe¬
menterie effects. To make this cording
the silk is cut in lengths “on the straight,”
then stitched up on the machine like a
sausage casing. One end is sewn up over
and over, by hand. This end is punched
in, as though it was to be turned in. The
tape needle is then sewn firmly to the end
of the cord, and run through, taking the
end of the silk with it. being smoothed
into place, just as one puts an umbrella
into a case turned inside out. This brings
the cord out at the other end covered with
the silk, right side out. No. 6 cable cord
is a desirable size for scroll trimmings;
this requires the silk cut in a strip 1 *4
inch wide. It is very undesirable to have

the silk strip joined, because of the dif¬
ficulty of turning it where there is a seam.

*

Sweet pickle of small muskmelons is
very good made as follows : Cut six little
muskmelons into quarters, take out the
seeds, pare and cover at once with vin¬
egar. In six hours drain off the vinegar
and measure it. To one quart of vin¬
egar add six cups of sugar, and one tea-

6113 Blouse Waist, 32 to 40 bust.

spoonful each of whole cloves, allspice,
a blade of mace and two inches of stick
cinnamon. Put spices in a little bag, add
to the vinegar with sugar and cook until
the syrup thickens, put in the melon, cook
ten minutes, put melon in jars and cook
the syrup until reduced nearly one-half,

pour over the melons and seal at once.

*

A tourist in Italy, who visited Paler¬
mo when the streets were full of people
celebrating a public festival, thus de¬
scribes a popular delicacy of the district ;

At each restaurant a string of people was
marching up to the counter, every customer
carrying a large roll of bread in his hand.
The salesman took the roll, split it through
the center almost to the end, hut not quite,
so that it opened like an oyster shell. Seiz¬
ing a spoon, he tilled it with white curds made
from goat's milk, which he jabbed down in
the open part : another spoonful of grated
cheese was plumped on the top of that, a
slice of liver came next, and then — most
strange of all — a ladle of boiling oil was
spread over the whole to amalgamate the
ingredients; the top and bottom of the roll
were then squeezed together, and the savory
morsel was ready for consumption.

This is about the form in which New
Yorkers see street venders serving that
mysterious form of sausage popularly
known as “hot dog,” but the Palermans
have a decided advantage in knowing just
what their combination includes.

Three Good Relishes.

Tomato Soy. — One-half bushel of ripe
but firm unspecked tomatoes. Scald and
peel. Cut in slices. Sprinkle the bottom
of a good-sized firkin or stone crock with
salt, put in a layer of tomatoes, sprinkle
with salt, add another layer of tomatoes
and continue until all are used. Half
cupful of table salt will be required.
Cover the top with sliced onions. Let
stand three days, put into an enameled
kettle and boil slowly for eight hours.
Stir to prevent the tomatoes sticking —
occasionally at first and frequently the lat¬
ter part of the cooking. Remove from
fire and set aside to cool over night. Next
morning press through a coarse wire
sieve, add one-half ounce of ground
cloves, one ounce each of allspice and
black pepper, two pods of red pepper,
chopped, and one-half ounce each of
ground mace and cinnamon. Let boil
slowly for three hours. Let cool. Put
into glass or small stone jars and seal.

Tomato Chutney. — Two pounds ripe to¬
matoes, two pounds sugar, one-half pound
green ginger, one pound raisins stoned,
one-fourth nound of salt, one ounce gar¬
lic, one-half ounce powdered chilis, one
quart vinegar. Place the tomatoes in a
shallow pan and put in an oven till they
crack, when the skins can be readily re¬
moved. Peel and core and boil them with
one-half of the vinegar 10 minutes.
Pound or grind the ginger, garlic and rai¬
sins with enough vinegar to make them

into a paste. Boil the sugar with the re¬
mainder of the vinegar into a thick syrup.
Mix all the ingredients together with the
salt and chilis, and boil till the fruit and
syrup run the one way when put on a
plate held sideways. Bottle and seal.

Hebrew Pickle. — For a pint of pickles
grate two roots of horseradish. Mix
with it two tablespoonfuls of celery seed,
three tablespoonfuls of mustard seed, four
tablespoonfuls of sugar and one table¬
spoonful of turmeric. Cover the ingre¬
dients with scalding hot vinegar. Seal in
glass jars. Let stand one week before
using. _

The Rural Patterns.

A very attractive model for waist with
chemisette is shown in No. 5113. The
waist is closed in front and consists of
fronts and back. The back is tucked
after a most becoming manner, giving the
broad shoulder effect with the smaller
waist, while the fronts are arranged to be
full below the stitching. Choice is al¬
lowed of the square or round neck and
of elbow or long sleeves, so that the one
model provides ample variety. The clos¬
ing of the waist is made invisibly under
the tuck at the left of the front. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size is 4 yards 21, 3J4 yards 27 or
2)4 yards 44 inches wide, with 134 yard
of banding and J4 yard 18 inches wide for
chemisette and cuffs. The pattern 5113
is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 3(5, 38 and 40
inch bust measure; price 10 cents.

The skirt shown in No. 5076 is very
desirable for wash goods, soft silks or
woolens. The skirt is made with the
upper portion and flounce. The upper por¬
tion is laid in three wide tucks at its
lower edge and the flounce is gathered
at the upper, the two being joined beneath
the lowest tuck. When preferred the

5076 Tucked Skirt with Gathered Flounce,

22 to 30 waist.

tucks at the upper edge can be omitted
and the fullness arranged in gathers. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size is 9 yards 21, 7 yards 27 or
5 14 yards 44 inches wide with 1 1 yards of
banding to trim as illustrated. The pat¬
tern 5076 is cut in sizes for a 22. 24. 26,
28 and 30 inch waist measure; price 10
cents.

Dietz Lanterns

You might as well carry a lantern that
gives a strong, steady light as to carry
the smoking, flickering kind. They
don’t cost any more. Dietz Cold Blast
lanterns burn pure, fresh air. That
accounts for the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

That’s only half of the story. They
are safe and everybody says a Dietz,
any style, is the most convenient lan¬
tern made. You get all these things
all the time if yon buy a Dietz. ( If your
dealer offers you some other ‘just as
good,” write to us. We’ll see you sup¬
plied with a Dietz.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

WINTER CLOTHING OFFER.

FREE SAMPLE AND
TRIAL PROPOSITION.

If you would have any use for a
heavy or medium weight all wool Suit,
Overcoat or Ulster, then DON'T BUY
ELSEWHERE at any price, under any
circumstances, until you cut this ad¬
vertisement out and mall It to us. You
will then receive by return mall free,
postpaid, the Grandest Clothing Offer
ever heard of. You will get FREE a
big book of cloth samples of Men’s
Clothing, FREE an extra quality cloth
tape measure (yard measure), FREE a
book of Latest Fashions, descriptions
and illustrations of nil kinds of cloth¬
ing for men. We will explain why we
cun Bell at prices so much lower than
were ever before known, a mere frac¬
tion of what others charge. We will
explain our simple rules so you cun
take your own measure and how wo
guarantee a perfect fit. You will get
our Free Trial Offer, our Pay After Re¬
ceived Proposition. With the free out¬
fit goes a speeial sample order blank
for ordering, return envelopes, etc.,
etc. You can get a whole Suit, an ex¬
tra pair of Pants and an Overcoat under our offer for
about ONE-HALF what some Chieugo tailors would
charge for one a.ngle pairof pants. The offer you will
get will astonish and please you. Prices on the best
clothes made reduced to next to nothing compared with
what you have been paying. DON'T BUY CLOTHES
until you cut this a a. out and send to us, and see
what you get hv return mull, FREE, POSTPAID.

Address, SEARS? ROEBUCK & C0.,?lucnao,°;

TELEPHONES

AXD LINE MATERIAL FOR »

FARMERS9 LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can't
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.

Write us.

♦

Eastern
Tel. M fjj.
Company
West
Chester,

[ Peiuia

Wholesale Prices Fpejdht

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade
for nearly fifty years. In every town where they are not now
on sale, we will sell direct to the user, the

Gold Coin Ranges

and Heating Stoves at their wholesale price, sent on ap¬
proval, safely delivered, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready
to putin your home. No stoves are better made or more nighty
endorsed. They allow no waste of fuel; are handsomely orna¬
mented and guaranteed to please you. No stove offer is
made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

Our Oven Thermometers

Make
Good
Baking
Easy

' N o extra charge for our

PATENT STELUFORM GRATE

It saves fuel and trouble.

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not
satisfied. This is the first proposition of this kind ever made
by a manufacturer of a Standard Trade- Marked Stove.

Illustrated Catalogue — Free

It tells what a good stove must be and describes our full line
of Gold Coin Ranges and Heating Stoves. Write for it to-day

The Gold Coin Stove Co., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successors to Bussey & McLeod, Est. i860)

)

Fast Colors

EDdystonE

PRINTS

What looks worse than a faded dress?

No matter what kind of a dress you have
it should be one that will not fade.

Simpson-Eddystone Prints hold their
color. They wash beautifully and dresses
made of them are bright- and fresh-look¬
ing to the end. They are the standard
of quality and are serviceable, too.

Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddy stone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and- Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddyitone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

7o3

More About a Girl’s Hens.

In continuation of my hen story on page
527, I may record reverses as well as good
fortune. We had a long cold rain soon
after I bought the last Jot, and 1 was sick
with a wretched cold. They got chilled
at times, and died gradually. 1 really
think some of them were almost cooked in
the incubators before they were delivered
to me. I lost 15 the first night for no
cause whatever. They were warm, dry
and not crowded, with fine ventilation.
T he next day five more died, and then one
night Father thought I shut them up and
I thought he did, so neither did it. As it
happened, there was a heavy shower about
three in the morning, and I found 70
drowned chicks under the brooder!

Rut all is not loss. I have learned that
which will profit another time. I shall
hatch early at all cost ; have a tight fence
high enough to confine them, and look
after them carefully in rain and shine, or
else if my health will not stand all
weathers I shall not invest in chickens.
Then there are my hens, and they are do¬
ing nobly. It lacks two months of being
a year since they were young pullets, and
five months of being a year since they laid
the first eggs. I have cleared a dollar for
each hen so far, and that is encouraging.
Of course this hot weather 1 find a good
many are broody, and others just sit
around trying to keep comfortable, and 1
hardly blame them.

It may be interesting to go back to my
start with these pullets. When 1 put my
40 pullets into the house the fifteenth day
of last October some of my friends and
well-wishers shook their heads and de¬
clared I was making a terrible mistake.
“Now here I am with two pullets laying
and you don't get an egg. do you?" argued
a neighbor. 1 meekly admitted that none
of my flock seemed inclined to provide
eggs for my basket. “Well, that’s the dif¬
ference ’tween lettin* ’em run and not.
liens need exercise." he added, patron¬
izingly. “Now you let them hens run
till I hanksgtving and you'll have eggs, I
warrant ye." I was ready to agree that
hens need exercise, but I balked at letting
them out. I he man of whom 1 bought
my chicks came and viewed those pullets.
“You are doing all right. It takes hens
finite awhile to get used to new quarters.
It don t do ’em any good traveling around
in the cold. I shouldn't let ’em out again
till Spring. However, you do as you think
best." So I kept them in the house with
some litter to work in. and left the door
and windows open until it grew pretty
cold. November came and went. Still
no eggs, and the man with two pullets
laying, and my grandfather getting three
eggs a day, declared my stubbornness was
costing me dear. 1 he first day of Decem¬
ber I got an egg, and I am sure I made
even more fuss than the pullet did. After
that eggs were no rarity. Day by day
the eggs increased, until I was getting
12 eggs a day. with an average of six
eggs per diem, for the month. January 1
I got 15 eggs, and about this time eggs
were worth 48 cents a dozen.

My neighbor avoided the subject of
hens when he could, and when he couldn’t
admitted that his “hens wa’n’t doin’ so
well as usual." When T pressed him
further, he answered reluctantly: "Well,
I do know how tis, but I ain’t had an
egg this week. Guess there must be rats
round, though 1 ain't seen any tracks of
’em. How many you gettin’?” “Fifteen!”
I answered gleefully. “Well— I suppose
you feed ’em a tonic or somethin’, don't
ye ? "No, sir. I do not — just plain,
wholesome grain and green stuff and clean
warm water.” Then I allowed him to
change the subject, much to his relief.
1 didn’t say one word about “lettin’ ’em
run.” I reckoned up my account the first
I hursday of January, and found that one
month’s eggs had paid for three months’
feed, and I had 48 cents toward the cost
of fixing up the house for the hens.

1 began to feel that my fortune was
made, when word came that Grandfathe’-
was failing, and although T hated to leave

the hens just then 1 went to take care
of him and Grandma. I left Father to
keep house and take care of the bid¬
dies. Every day he came over with a
report. They were dropping off on eggs,
getting down to five, but near the end
of January they began to gain, and my
average for the month was 8 eggs per
day. Then came a time of trial for us
all, a struggle with death. After it was
over, and Grandfather had left this “earth
life” behind. I just simply — slumped. Be¬
tween the grip* e and worn-out nerves I
stayed indoors fur four more weeks, which
made another ir. mth. The average of
eggs for February was 11 per day, and I
felt quite encouraged, because of late they
had been lucky to get enough to eat with¬
out any mash or green stuff, just whole
corn and barley thrown in. I came home
March I. The litter of leaves was all
broken up, and my reserve supply given
out. That meant less exercise, and still
the snow made it impracticable to let
them run. I began warming the whole-
grain feeds and giving them cabha°e hung
high enough to be hard to get. During
the middle of the day T left the door
open, and the sun streamed across the
floor. The biddies would crouch to the
door and sing and preen their feathers.

Three or four times a day I could go out
and bring in six or seven eggs, and the
nests were always occupied.

J was talking with my neighbor’s daugh¬
ter. lie said he didn’t know how many
eggs he was getting. “Better ask Min¬
nie,” and so I did. “Oh, we get an egg
once in a while. We haven't had enough
to use this Winter, and as for paying ex¬
penses ! Well, they don’t begin to do
it, and we have had them shut up for two
months. I suppose they will lay when
they get ready.” That is just right!
Those biddies are straight blood, good
breed ; White Wyandottes, but they were
so upset ever since Fall that they couldn't
settle down to business. A man is very
careful about his cows; milks and feeds
regularly, and when they come into Win¬
ter quarters everything is planned and
ready, but a man will let his hens out
one day and keep them in for a week,
and then give them another "spree.” They
get cold feet, and never know what is go¬
ing to happen next. It seems to me that
success means system, not so much a sys¬
tem as some system. My plan for my
hens, because I know my situation best,
and your plan for yours, for the same
reason, that you know your situation bet¬
ter than anyone else. Only have a plan.

and once made, don't change if you can
help it. I am firmly convinced that hens
pay big interest, and good wages. As a
side business with irregular habits they
will not pay expenses, and will rapidly
run the flock down. That is, to my mind,
one reason some farmers are always want¬
ing a “new breed, because mine are all
played out-" The breed I have is Rhode
Island Red. A friend and neighbor has
been teaching school for two years, ever
since she married, and she told me she
meant to leave off last June and go to
raising chickens. She favors Barred
Plymouth Rocks and Brahmas.

ADAH E. COLCORD.

Yellow Mustard Pickle. — One-half gal¬
lon vinegar, three dozen sliced cucum¬
bers, three dozen onions, one tablespoon
turmeric, one tablespoon mustard, one-
half cup each of sugar and flour, and
one-third teaspoon of red pepper. Pare
and slice cucumbers and onions, cover
with water, add one-half cup salt and let
stand over night. In the morning drain
the cucumbers and onions ; put vinegar on
the stove to boil, mix the spices, sugar and
flour in a little cold vinegar, add to the
boiling vinegar and let boil five minutes,
stirring constantly; then put in cucum¬
bers and onions, boil 15 minutes and seal
in jars while hot.

On Monday, October 2 Next

the price of The Ladies’ Home Journal will
be raised to $1.25 per year. Until that date a
subscription for one year (but for no longer
period) will be accepted at the present price of

One Dollar ($1.00).

The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith in
an Entirely New Departure

A series of powerful stories, in which Mr.
Smith fearlessly puts his finger on some
of the social dangers of the day that
threaten our girls, women and young men,
and calls a spade a spade. “I have written
without mitts,” says Mr. Smith.

The Ladies’ Home Journal Enlarged —

improved very materially — new departments — new covers in four
colors — it’s a new JOURNAL this year. Send a dollar now —
after October 1 we must ask more.

The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

7o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 23,

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Youkkh, Sept. 23, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Chemicals for Grass Land . 094

Questions About Lime and Phosphate. . . 694

A Talk About Alfalfa . 695

Behavior of Crimson Clover .

Hope Farm Notes .

The Potato Crop .

The New York State Fair .

Success With Inoculation .

LIVE STOCK
in Western New

DAIRY.

AND

Sheep in Western New York .

The Morgan Horse in Vermont .

Feeding Grain on Pasture .

A Weasel at Bay .

Scours in Calves; Hard-wood Ashes....

Ration for Milch Cow .

Breeding for Cream .

Raising a Sucking Calf .

Cotton-Seed Meal for Dairy Cows .

Ducks With Rheumatism .

HORTICULTURE.

How to Pick Fruit .

Lead and Oil on Fruit Trees ....693,

An Experience With Mulching Trees....

Praise for Sutton Beauty Apple .

Peach Crop in Western New York .

Chair's Choice Poach for New Jersey

Celery Blight .

Temperate Fruit in Tropical Climate....

Manure Around Young Trees .

Wintering Dahlias .

Planting Thlmbleberries .

Budding and Grafting Walnuts .

Notes From- the Rural Grounds .

Legal Damages for Nursery Stock .

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

Three Good Relishes .

The Rural Patterns .

More About a Girl's Hens .

Yellow Mustard Pickle .

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Citv Flat Dweller ou Vegetables.... 095

Editorials . 700

Events of the Week . 701

Questions About Wire Fencing . 705

Products. Prices and Trade . 705

Humorous . 70S

MARKETS

Trices current at New York during week
ending September 16., 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on (be official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes. with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui-
reis and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

703

ex-

ORAJN,

Wheat, No. 2, red, new, for

port .

No. 1, Northern. Duluth, in

spection .

No. 2, hard. Winter .

Corn, export grade. In elevator

Oats, on track, N. Y .

Rye .

Barley .

City Bran, at mill
Standard middlings
Flour middlings . . .

Linseed meal .

Cottonseed meal ..,

FEED.

— @ 8814

— 0 91%

(a 89

— @ 60

— @ 33

— @ 61

— @ 38%

@ i H.on
@20,00
@22.50
@30,00
@29.50

HAY AND STRAW.

Low grades plenty and dull.

Ilav, prime . 16.00 @17.00

No. 1 . 14.50 @15.50

No. 2 . 13.50 @14.50

No. 3 . 12.00 @

Clover mixed . 13.00 @14.00

Clover . It. 00 @13.00

Straw. Long rye . 13.00 @14.50

Short and oat . 9,00 @10.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price remains at $1.41
per 40-quart can. netting 2% cents per quart
to shippers in 26-cent zone at points where
there are no extra station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, prime to extra . . . .

20

@21%

Lower grades .

17

(a 1 9 %

State Dairy, prime .

20

@ 20%

Fair to good .

16% @ 19

Factory .

15

@ 17%

Imitation creamery .

17

%@ 19%

Renovated .

15

@ 20

Packing stock .

15

@ 17%

CHEESE.

—

@ 12

Fair to choice .

1 1 V, @> 1 1 %

Light skims .

9 % @ 10

Full skims .

o

% @ 3 %

EGGS.

Selected, wliitp. fancy .

26

@ 27

Selected, white, choice .

24

@ 25

Nearby, mixed colors, extra

— 24

Western .

16

@ 20

Southern .

11

@ 18

Refrigerator, Apr & May pack.

19

@ 21

Summer pack .

17

@ 19

DRIED FRUITS

Aptdps, evap.. 1904, fancy....

—

@ 8

Evap., choice .

—

@ 7%

Evap., prime .

7

@ 7 %

Evap., com to good .

4 % @ 6

Sun-dried, Ohio .

3

@ 3%

Sun-dried. 1905. S'n ....

3

@ 4%

Raspberries, 1905 .

—

@ 25

Huckleberries, 1905 .

11

@ 1 1 %

Blackberries. 1905 .

7

%@ 7%

Cherries, 1905 .

11%@ 12

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Alexander .

@4.00

I tuchess .

*> or;

(n 3 50

Graven stein .

O or;

@3,25

Wealthy .

@3.25

Fall Pippin and Blush . . . .

2.00

@3.00

Baldwin .

(a 2.25

Ilubbardston .

@2.00

Windfalls .

1.00

@1.25

Pears. Bartlett and Seckel . . . .

3.00

@5.00

Bose and Clairgeau .

@3.50

Anjou .

2.00

@2.75

Louise Bonne .

O (>r\

@2.75

Flemish Beauty .

1.75

@2.50

Plums, State, 8-lb. basket.... 15 @ 30

Peaches. Md., Penn. & J'y bkt.. 30 @1.00

l’ine Island and State .... 25 (a -I. Oil

Michigan, bu. basket . 1.00 @1.50

Grapes, up-river, 20 lb. case.. 4<) @ 75

Cranberries, bbl . 6.00 @7.00

Huckleberries, qt . 0 @ 9

Muskmelons, bu. crate . 50 @3.00

Watermelons, carload . 75.00 @100.00

HOPS.

696

New crop .

. . 20

@ 24

699

@ 23

701

Medium to prime .

. . lit

@ 21

704

705

Ordinary .

'a 1 8

VEGETABLES

5.

Potatoes, hl)l .

. .1.37

@2.00

697

Sweet potatoes. Did .

Brussels Sprouts, qt....

, .1.50

ia 1.75

706

. . . .

3

la 9

7 1 Hi

Beets. 100 bunches .

. . 75

@1.00

706

Carrots, bill .

, , , ,

, . -

@1.00

707

Cabbage, loo .

(a 4.00

707

Celery, doz .

. 15

@ 40

707

Cucumbers, bbl .

@4.00

707

Pickles, 1,000 .

.2.00

@4.50

707

Sweet corn, loo .

. 50

@ 1 .50

707

CauliP>wers, I,. I., bbl.

@3.00

Buffalo, l)ii. basket .

• « • •

. 1 5

@1.25

Eggplants, bill .

. 60

@1.00

Lettuce, doz .

. 30

@ (>0

694

Lima beans, Du .

. . .

. 50

@1.25

695

Onions, J y white, %-bbl

bkt.

. 50

@ 75

695

Conn., white, bbl .

.2.50

@3.00

697

Conn., yellow and red

. 1.25

(a 1.50

697

Orange Co., bag

• • • .

.1.25

@1.75

697

Peppers. DDI .

Spinach, bbl .

@ 65

696

. 75

@1.00.

696

Squash. Hubbard, DDL . .

• • *

. 50

@ 75

696

Marrow .

. 40

@ 60

696

Turnips, Rutabaga, DDL .

@1.1 2

696

Tomatoes, bu. box .

. 25

@ 60

698

701

GAME

Venison, whole carcass,

lb. .

. 14

@ 18

702

702

702

Saddles .

. 25

hr 30

Plover, doz .

@3.00

LIVE POX'

LTRY.

703

Spring chickens, lb .

. . * .

. 13% @ 14

Fowls . — @

Roosters . — @

Turkeys . — @

Ducks, pair . . 40 @

Geese, pair . 1.00 @1.

Pigeons, pair . . . — @

DRESSED POULTRY.
Turkeys, 3 to 4 IDs. each, 11) 30 @

Over 4 lbs . 15 @

Old . 14 @

Spring chickens, fancy . 18 @

Fair to choice . . . .' . 13 @

Fowls . 13%@

Spring ducks . 14 @

Squabs, doz . 1.25 @3.

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime . 12 @

Fair to good . 10% @

14%

9%

14 'A
80
50
20

35

25

18

20

1 5 %
14
17
50

12%
11 %
9%
8

Pork, light . 9 @

Heavy . 7 @

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 3.80

Bulls . 2.50

Cows . 1 .40

Calves, veal . .\5.ro

Sheep . 3.00

Lambs . 5.00

Hogs, State . 6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices given are for ear lots. Single hag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @50.00

@5.85
@3.25
@3.25
0i 9.50
@5.00
@ 7.75
@ 6.25

Muriate of potash .

—

@42.00

Acid phosphate .

4 -

@14.00

Kainit .

—

@ 12.00

Pried blood .

_

(d 50.00

Copper sulphate, in bbl.

lots, li) —

@ — 6

Sulphur flour, hbl. lots.

11)... —

@ 2

BARKS. ROOTS

AND HERBS.

Slippery Elm. lb .

. 15

@ 20

Sassafras .

. 8

@ 10

@ 5

Sage .

@ 5

Sweet Flag .

. 5

@ 7

Snake Root, Va .

O -

@ 40

Ginseng .

. 6.00

@ 7.75

ESSENTIA!

oils.

Pennyroyal, lb .

. 1.10

@1.25

Peppermint .

@3.00

Wintergreen .

hi “.(mi

Spearmint .

@4.50

NEW YORK STATE FAIR.

There was an immense display of stock,
tools and soil products at Syracuse last
week. The first three days were dull and
wet, and the managers were disappointed on
Wednesday night. Thursday came clear and
bright, and with it a crowd that filled the
grounds and raised the spirits of all con¬
cerned. The fruit display was the largest
and finest ever seen in the State. While the
apple crop is short — less than 50 per cent of
a full crop — the specimens shown were very
fine, and well repaid the study of a fruit
grower who desires to know varieties. We
expect to give a study of this exhibit next
week. The live stock exhibit was much as
usual. 'Hie finest specimens of the various
breeds were to be seen, hut animals which are
within the means of the average farmer were
not given a place. Herds of cattle go from
fair to fair, much like the trotting horses on
a race circuit, hut the well-bred grade cow,
or hog or sheep, which is the true rent and
tax-paying animal, is not encouraged at t Do
State Fair. We have always urged prizes
for practical farm animals, and this year's
exhibition seems to make the need far more
evident. The display of implements was
large and varied. Windmills have disap¬
peared from the fair, while there has been
a great increase of gasoline engines. This
seems to he the coming farm power. They
are made in all sizes, and in some cases small
ones were used successfully to work exhi¬
bition machinery. A manure spreader run
by a gasoline motor was run about the roads

on the fair grounds and attracted much at¬
tention. A somewhat new feature at the fair
was the exhibit of products from the South
and Northwest. Canada, Florida and the
Midd'e South are after settlers, and they put
their best, foot forward for the New York
farmer. We have often wondered what the
effect would be if New York and the New
England States sent representatives to the
southern fairs with facts about our cheap
land and market possibilities. The l>est fea¬
ture of the fair was the crowd of visitors
from the farms. It is evident that the chief
value of the fair is social. People like to
mingle in the crowd, renew old acquaintances
and make new ones. While they look over
the exhibits, especially such as they are most
interested in, their time is chiefly spent in
“visiting" and walking about the grounds.
The fair is certainly a great event for
farmers who have worked hard and lived in
lonely places through the Summer.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

T

a

WOODPECKER

to sell you a 3£ h. p.

“Woodpecker**

GASOLINE ENGINE

anti then give you 30 days to de¬
cide whether you want to keep it?
It does, because the engine stays
sold. Do you know about our
plan? Here it is: We will ship
you our “Woodpecker” 3£ horse
| power gasoline engine on

30 Days Free Trial.

You put it up on the farm. Don't
favor it. Don’t send for an engineer.

I Set it tip yourself. Make it do your
work, wood sawing, pumping, feed
grinding, anything you want done.
Then decide, and if you don’t think you
have made a bang-lip good investment,

I send the engine back.

Can You Afford to Let This Offer Go?

ASHh.p. “Woodpecker” engine may
make hundreds of dollars a year for
you. It can’t be a bad investment. If
you think it is, send it back.

Write to us and let us tell you all of
the facts about this engine. We won’t
dare exaggerate because if we do you
won’t be satisfied and we’ll have to
take back the engine. We are ready to
answer any question you may ask, and
tell you the truth without exaggerated
claims or tricks of any kind.

Write today. A postal card will do.

“ WOODPECKER,”

Main Street Office

Middletown, Ohio,

We make all sizes up to 44 horse power. \

No

With Order.

Money Required

Special Harness Sale, 30 Days Only.

~ Manufacturer of harness retired from

business. We bought entire stock at
less than present cost of manufacture,
and you will get
the benefit. Har¬
ness is advanc¬
ing in price. You
probably k n o w
it. And now is
the time to buy,
but don’t pay
enormous profits to a dealer when you can buy
direct at factory prices.

These harness are not the cheap, trashy kind. All
made from Oak Tanned Leather No.l, witli trimmings
of equal quality and highest grade workmanship.
They are so good that we will gladly ship to you for
your inspection. Don't send any money with
your order, if you find the harness satisfactory,
pay us; if not, ship it back; we will pay all the freight
charges and you are not out one penny. We couldn’t
make this off er if we weren’t sure of the quality of
our harness. And the prices are from hi to L less
than the regular retail prices. Freight from 20 to 50
cents only.

Write to-day for our special harness offer, with
illustrations and descriptions. Let us know the kind
of harness you want, for this stock is limited to TOO
sets Single Harness. 150 sets Light Double Harness,
50 sets Surrey Harness, 30 sets Express Harness, 100
sets Farm and Work Harness.

We sell everything for the farm ami home,
and everything is sold on guarantee of satisfac¬
tion or money refunded. Big new 400- page general
catalogue Free to all who write.

Address, Cash Supply & Mfg. Co.,

469 Lawrence Sq., Kalamazoo, Midi.

$500 The Best Automatic Gate, $500

Ask about Gate Castings and Directions anil how to
get your township right free, and make $500 out of it.

THOKPK If ROOM CO., Wapella, Illinois.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

Buy a Service Boar From

Willswood Recorded Berkshires

They are foundation stock, being the oldest Ameri¬
can English Herd. Special offering of Spring far¬
rowed Boars large euough for service, average 200
lbs. each. Selling this month at $25.

WILLS A. SEWARD, Rudd's Lake, N. ,J.

0 1 p Pigs.— April and July farrow. Prices reason-
■ b Ui able. VanDoren Bros,, Lysander, N. Y.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, Fast I'lmrsalia, N. Y.

PAD Clip THOROUGHBRED SCOTCH COLLIE
X 011 GALL COW DOGS, one year old.

WM. WILDGRUBE, N. Franklin. N Y.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details. Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shippingcards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO„

104 Murray Street, New York.

APPLE AND PEACH CARRIERS.

Tf you have fine Apples, Peaches or Tomatoes, ship
thorn in the South Side Carriers.

SOUTH SIDE M’E’G CO., Petersburg, Va.

. ing farm of 500 acres, 10 miles
from San Antonio, Tex. A good market for all farm
produce and splendid cash butter trade. Well stocked
with grade Jerseys and Berkshire hogs; 100 acres in
cultivation; fine lasting water and good windmill and
tanks, lots of wood and pasture and fields under hog-
proof fence. Title perfect, Will sell place with tools
and stock or place alone. Health unrivalled. If you
mean business write

XI. 3VT. MORRIS,

R, R., Sail Antonio, TEXAS.

FARM FOR , SALE.

FINE lOO-ACRE FARM situated in the fruit
belt of Western Now York, The land is in a good
state of cultivation, well ditched and many new
fences; 5 acres of woodland. The buildings are extra
tine and largo, and never failing supply of water:
R. F. D. and within U-mile of village, school and
churches; fa mile from Railroad Station and
market. Address Rox 46, Ret Iona, N. Y.

For Sale or Exchange.

Large 7-room cottage, barn, garden, etc., at Sanga-
tuck, Conn., 45 miles from New York, 5 minutes walk
to station, trolley and tide water; would exchange for
mountain farm. Address Box 227, Southport, Conn.

EXPERIENCED FARMER, American, married,
30, desires position as foreman on a farm; under¬
stands separator, butter making, incubators, etc.;
best of references. Address E. W., care R. N.-Y.

BUSINESS MANAGER

WANTED in every town to manage branch office and
superintend force of salesmen; big money. No can¬
vassing. No capital required. Can lie managed with
other work or business. Particulars on application.
Give references.

WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen.

Newark, New York, Dept. A _

ATTENTION -LV KS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders u ‘Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.V

THE SCHOOL QUESTION

Catalogues and reliable informntioi

We can help
you decide it.

ataiogues and reliable information concerning all
schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West lU4th Street. New York, N. \ .

MUSHROOM BASKETS.

.The Regulai Standard Mushroom Baskets. Send
tor catalogue and prices. _ _

sot I II SIDE M'F’tx. CO.. Petersburg, \a.

QuakerCity Grinding Mills

For Corn and Cobs, Feed and Table Meal.
CEIIT nil TDIAI Built in 3 sizes. 1 to 20
OLrl I Ull I nlHL horse power. Hall bear¬
ing. easy running. Freight paid. Send for free
38th Annual Catalogue. „ _ ,, _

The A. W. Straub Co i 47-4U Canal St., Chicago, lil

“ The busy Man’s Train."

Appropriate in its Name,
Appropriate in its Route,

Appropriate in its Character---

“The 20th Century Limited.”

This is The century of all the
ages.

The New York Central — Lake
Shore 18-hour train between New
York and Chicago (the two great
commercial centers of America) is
The train of the century, and is
appropriately named

“ The 20th Century Limited.”

A beautiful etching of this train printed
on plate paper 24 x32 inches ready for fram¬
ing will be sent free to any address on receipt
of 50 cents, by George H. Daniels, General
Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station,
New York.

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. — Get it from your Druggist.

1905.

TIIE RURAL’ NEW-YORKER

7o5

QUESTIONS ABOUT WIRE FENCING.

We are much interested in an investi¬
gation which is being conducted by the
Department of Agriculture into the causes
of the rapid rusting and corrosion of iron
and steel wire fencing. We believe that
this is a matter of very great importance
and that great benefit will come from this
investigation. We have been asked to
aid in the collection of information by re¬
questing our readers to answer the follow¬
ing questions. We' sincerely hope that
those of our readers who have not lately
paid attention to the condition of their
wire will take the time necessary to in¬
spect it and send in their answers as
soon as possible.

1. IIow many years on the average do

your wire fences last before they begin to

rust through and break up?

2. IIow many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest city or town where

any considerable amount of coal is burned?

3. IIow many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest salt water?

4. Have you noticed that t lie bottom wires
that are often enclosed in grass or weeds
last better than the upper wires which hang
free?

5. Have you noticed that where wire is
stapled to a living tree, it seems in some way
to iiave been preserved near the point of con¬
tact with the tree?

(>. Have you noticed any difference, how¬
ever slight, in the way wire lasts near to the
posts to which it is stapled compared with
the way it lasts midway between the posts
where it hangs free?

7. Have. you noticed that after all the gal¬
vanized covering has disappeared some wires
will lest much longer than others?

8. Have you noticed any difference In the
lasting quality of barbed wire as compared
with plain wire or woven wire fencing?

f>. In the case of woVen wire fences do you
find that some wires last much better than
others or do they begin to fail all about the
same time?

PRODUCTS, PRICES , AND TRADE.

Potatoes continue plenty. We have noted
no sales of late above .$2 per barrel. Most of
them run from $1.50 up. There is no pros¬
pect of any improvement in price until the
rush of digging is over and those who sell
out of the field have disposed of their crop.

Butter. — There have been minor tip and
down changes in t he market, but for several
weeks the present average of id to 21 cents
for toj) grades has been held. The market is
quiet, and those anxious to unload some of
their surplus stock find it necessary to do
more or less price cutting to force deals.
The general run of the make for a month
has shown the usual dog days defects.

Skeletons are Free. — It is cheering, or
otherwise, to learn from t he tariff regula¬
tions that importations of skeletons may
come into this country free of duty. Hu¬
man skeletons have been on 1 he free list for
some time, and a recent decision by the gen¬
eral appraisers puls the mounted bones of
birds, fishes and all animals in the same
class, entitled to free entry as anatomical
preparations. This decision was made on
the appeal of Importers in this city from the
assessment of 20 per cent duty on such
articles by the local boards.

Peaches. — The arrivals for the week have
been quite large, with a fair run of better
fruit, which sold high. There are large
quantities fit only for pickling selling from
50 to 75 cents per basket, and a good many
very woolly varieties, really worthy of be¬
ing classed as Shropsijlres or Southdowns.
In a season like the present, when peach
rot is prevalent, the woolly kinds seem to
have an advantage, being more resistant to
such diseases. They are rather trouble¬
some to eat out of hand, however. The
fruit stand men brush off the fuzz with a
whisk broom.

Insane Coal Prices. — The newspapers
note the arrest of a man who recently
called at the President’s home in an effort
to get Mr. It oosevelt to “do something’’ to
regulate the price of coal. It is said that
this crank appears perfectly rational on all
subjects except coal, and if his remarks
about that concerned only the extravagant
price of that commodity it would seem to
be an added proof of his sanity and good
sense. Coal at points on coal-carrying roads
in New Jersey is now retailing at $7 per
ton and up, a price neither “safe" nor
“sane,” when one considers the actual cost
of getting the coal above ground. The help¬
less consumer, as he hands out his $7 for
what cost only $4.50 a few years ago, Is
quite likely to feel that he is contributing
more than his share to the fat surplus fund
of that absolute monarchy, the coal trust.

Apples. — The receipts at this market are
quite large, some days nearly 15,000 barrels
having arrived. Prices cover a very wide
range, from $1 to $4 per barrel. This is
about the height of the season for the large
red so-called “table apples.” A few Wolf
Rivers have been seen. These make Alex¬
ander take a back seat, and It is probable
that a limited quantity can be sold to ad¬
vantage here every year merely for decor¬
ative purposes, though Inferior in quality
to many scrub fence-corner seedlings. The
Fall Tippin, though not yet at its best, is

selling well. It makes new friends every
year, and they usually stick to it. This
variety is especially adapted to the making
of apple jelly, being rich in pectin, an ele¬
ment which secures a firm jelly without the
use of any of the chemicals found in some
of tlie commercial product.

Grapes. — There is little to say In favor
of those that have arrived here of late.
They are sour and not at all satisfying. The
writer tested a lot of especially nice-looking
Delawares which proved to be about inedi¬
ble, having a strong acid flavor which fairly
burned the mouth. There is only one way
(vine girdling) by which such immature
grapes could have got a dead ripe color, and
it is certainly a mistake to turn this fruit
loose on consumers. They stop buying un¬
til better fruit can be had.

Eggs. — The price for September has been
about three cents above the average for the
past four years. Strictly fresh eggs are
scarce and firm, all sorts of prices up to 85
or 40 cents per dozen being paid by people
who insist on having the best. This is in
strong contrast with store-gathered eggs
shipped here from the West and South, sell¬
ing under 20 cents. Bakers and other users
of bottled eggs have been somewhat shocked
by a statement of the Massachusetts Board
of Health that their chemists had found on
sale rotten eggs with the odor “cut” with
formaldehyde. It appears that this embalm¬
ing fluid is an effective agent for the reno¬
vation of eggs that have hitherto been con¬
sidered fit for leather dressing only. It Is
stated that one bakery in Massachusetts has
used as much as half a ton of these mixed
eggs a day, supposing that they wera uudoc-
tored and wholesome. Liquid eggs are a sta¬
ple article of commerce, made from cracked
or badly broken arrivals. When taken care
of promptly, put in tight vessels in cold
storage, they keep well and are entirely
suitable for bakers' use _ h.

Success With Inoculation. — I have no¬
ticed your request for reports from the use of
Alfalfa bacteria obtained from U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture. Here is my experience.
One year ago last April I sent to Washington,
requesting sufficient bacteria to inoculate the
seed for four acres. They replied that ordi¬
narily they only supplied sufficient for one
acre, but made an exception in my case, and
sent an extra supply. I followed the direc¬
tions, and wetted about 80 pounds of seed
with the solution. After drying a couple of
days I sowed it on our ordinary black Illinois
soil, upon which corn had been raised for
several years. I gave the ground no other
preparation than to disk and harrow it, ap¬
plying no fertilizer of any kind. I got a
good stand, and cut it over twice, the first
season to keep down the weeds, allowing the
weeds and grass to lie just as cut. This year
it came on nicely, hardly a weed showing on
the whole four acres, and it is as pretty a
field as one will see in many a day. I have
cut it twice for hay, and it will be ready to
cut again in about 10 days. The first cutting
yielded eight tons, the second about five, and
I expect 3V> or four at the next. I am send¬
ing you under separate cover a few stalks
and roots, showing the height as it now stands
and the tubercles on the roots. You will
notice some bunches of these quite as large as
hazelnuts. On the smaller root they are just
developing They look like clusters of ants’
eggs. It is a difficult matter if the soil is dry
to get the roots out with the tubercles at¬
tached, as they grow on the fine hair like roots
and are easily broken off. I could tind them
in the soil where they had been broken off
after gelling the root out. 1 am informed by
the Illinois Experiment Sutton that It re¬
quires several years to net the soil completely
tilled, and that soil from a field Is not to be
depended on for Inoculation until Alfalfa has
grown upon it at least three years. Judging
from the appearance of my soli I should say
that is correct. My field so far is quite a suc¬
cess. 1 know of no other way the inoculation
could have occurred except by the bacteria ob¬
tained from the Department of Agriculture.

Mt. Morris, III a. w. H.

AFO, MORE INCOME

^ Without Speculation

[<S> M Wtt itroj

ntCSTRlOTED loans on boud
*Nmd mortgage to thrifty home
buyers who pay all Interest and
part principal monthly. Thatis
the way the funds of our clients
are 1 n Vested ; ami 11 years’ con¬
stant growth of assets, surplus
and profits indicates the meas-
tiro of success achieved. Wo re¬
invest your 4 p. c. funds at a
rale paying YOU 5 p. c. per an¬
il urn for every day wo have
them, increasing their earning
power 25 p, c. Write for par¬
ticulars and testimonials.

Assets, . SI, 700, OOO
Surplus and Profits,
8160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.

5 Times Bl’d’g, B'wy,N.Y. City

825 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

PAGE QUALITY

Begins In
oar fur-

_ - n n o e • .

There'# where the first tests are
made. Quality of wire first, then
a practical weave. 'You get both
in Page Fence. Let as tell yoa
how Page-Wire is made, and now
it differs from common fence wire.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 768, Adrian, Mich.

T MORE EGGS

Larger, more fertile, vigorous chicks, heav-
ierfowls, larger profits by feeding cut bone.

MANNIG LATEST MODEL
InHIin 0 .BONE CUTTER

cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs. 10 days free
trial. No money In advance. Cat'lg free.

F. W. Mann Co., Box 15, Milford, Mato.

During moulting season use
Pratts Poultry Pood.

Made by Pratt Food Co.. Pbila. Over 30 years old.

It Is an open secret among poultry
raisers who have been successful that
food is not all that makes henfllay. Often¬
times even the greatestcareagid attention to
proper feeding will not produce eggs at this
season oftheyear. Such a condition is Invariably
due to digestive difficulties and sometimes disease.

Or. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a meets this condition. It
Is a tonic, increasing the powers ofdlgestlon, supplying
iron for the blood, cleansing the .liver, arousing the egg-
producing organs, reddening the comb and brightening the
feathers.

DR. HESS
Poultry PAN-A-CE-A

is the prescription of Or. Hess (M. O.. O. V. 8.). In addition to Increasing egg
production it cures and prevents poultry diseases. .Besides being a tonic
It has a special property peculiar to ltself-that of destroying
Infection, the source of so many poultry diseases. It bears the
indorsement of leading poultry associations in the
United States and Canada. Costs but a penny a day
for about thirty fowls, and is sold on a written
guarantee.

11-2 lbs. 25c,
mnli or express 40e
6 lbs. 60c <

12 lbs. *1.25
25 lb. pall *2.50

Send two cents for Dr.
Hess 48-page Poul¬
try Book, iree.

' Except in Canada
a nd extreme
West and
South.

DR. HESS & CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice.

RUBEROID is the only prepared roofing which can
truthfully be said to outlast metal and shingles. More¬
over it costs less, is easier to apply and requires less atten¬
tion It makes a sound seam-tight roof, flat or sloping,
unaffected by expansion or contraction, and equally suit¬
able for the poultry house, barn or handsome residence.

RUBEROID contains no tar, paper, rubber or other
short-lived ingredients to crack, dry up and become useless
with age, but is made from the finest wool felt saturated
with a patented weatherproof and fire resisting compound
which retains its elasticity and flexibility indefinitely.

Any handy man can apply it. Full instructions, nails,
tin caps and Ruberine Cement free with every roll.

Let us tell you more about Ruberoid. Write for
samples and Booklet “R.”

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MANUFACTURERS,

IOO William Street. New York.

POULTRY

(POULTRY LINE

jbators. Livestock,

ooooooooo

We keep ev-J
I erything in the.
i— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
,. . , Brooders— anything— }

(it's our business. Call or let us send you j
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it's free for the j
(asking— It's worth having. (

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City, i

ooooooooooooooooooooooooc<

Buy Union lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence— Not a Netting.

TSend for our in-
U teresting booklet
D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Union Fence Company,

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

Mills at New Haveu, Conn.; DeKalb, Ill.;Oakland,Cal.

Reliable Hatching Eggs, any number. Barred Rocks,
Brown, W. and B. Leghorns, W. and B. Wyan-
dottes, K.C. Reds. McCain Co., B., Delaware, N. J

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex. Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonviile, Albany Co., N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair,1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. O. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BEUGEY.Box 8, Telford, Pa,

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred for laving.
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats. N. Y.

K LTFF PLYMOUTH ROCK and BUFF LEGHORN
u C OCKERELS for sale. Price, $1.25 to $2 if taken
this month. HOWARD SUTTON, Fnirmount. N. J.

WHITE WYANDOT I ES EXCLUSIVELY I
FOR SALE.— Fine large COCKERELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N.Y.

7o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September

Live Stock and Dairy-

THE MORGAN HORSE IN VERMONT.

We regret very much that the impres¬
sion has gone out that we are not breed¬
ing purebred Morgans here in Vermont
any longer. Generally speaking this may
be true, as a great many of the breeders
have been carried away from time to
time by the fads of fashion, and to their
everlasting sorrow have bred and cross¬
bred the original Morgan horse with the
different stallions, of every breed, that
have been brought into the State, until
to-day they find themselves with a horse
of no account to themselves or anyone
else, and so are ready to denounce the
horse business as a fraud, not realizing
that they have but themselves and their
lack of judgment to blame. Others have
insisted — with little or no judgment — on
close inbreeding, til! they have a horse
much under size, with no constitution
equal to the requirements of to-day. Do
not understand by this that I denounce in-
breeding. Ignorantly used, it is the
cause of certain failure, but if used judi¬
ciously the result will nearly always be
satisfactory. When a blood is kept pure
to its own type, in its own family, pos¬
sessed of the same blood instinct in both
male and female, then like begets like and
not till then. I have in my own stud, a
remarkable illustration of this in the
seven-year-old stallion Rex. He is what
1 call a purebred Morgan, having not an
outcross for five generations on either
sire or dam’s side; yet he is a perfect
picture of strength and endurance, and
stamps his own beautiful characteristics
of style, action and strength on his pro¬
geny almost to a certainty. A few of the
best breeders have been farsighted
enough to see that actual merit is always
appreciated, and have refused to sell their
best mares, keeping them for breeding, so
there can be found to-day, in Vermont,
a limited number of purebred Morgans.
The demand for these purebred up-to-
date Morgans is good ; therefore the
prices, while not high, arc good, and we
find it a profitable business raising such
horses. While a few are raised all over
the State, Addison county is without
doubt the leading county in this matter.

Vergennes, Vt. e. c. r.

FEEDING GRAIN ON PASTURE.

There is probably no question in cow
feeding about which there is so great a
difference of opinion as this one, not be¬
cause dairymen do not know, but on ac¬
count of varying conditions and points of
view. When a cow has enough tender
young grass, so that she can get her fill
without working all of the time, I am sure
an added grain ration will not increase
the milk enough to pay cost. If the pas¬
ture is large, and the cows travel long
distances, using up muscular energy,
grain will pay a greater profit than on a
narrow range near the barn, amount of
feed being the same in each case. There
is no nerve or muscle making force in
green grass. The bowels are very open
and the cow feels dull. This is more
noticeable in the horse when fed grass,
because we use his motive energy only,
and so observe it more quickly. Much
also will depend upon the character of
the cows. I believe the large milking
Ilolsteins will almost without exception
pay for grain in the flush ; that is of
course if fed grain at other seasons. I
should say a man was wasting money
who fed grain in the flush and withheld
it «rt other times. I feed grain all the
time, from the very young calf until the
<01110181 leaves thq farm. Very many
times the extra milk flow during the flush
does not pay the feed bill, but when the
pinch comes later, we get milk, and the
man who depends upon pasture and air
gets small returns. It is a physical im¬
possibility to bring a cow to her full de¬

velopment on coarse feeds alone ; she
cannot digest enough with her surplus
vital force to do it. I believe an animal
should have a chance to do her best. In
my observation the men who make grain
feeding pay never quit, in season and
out. high prices or low; everything gets
enough to eat. To get something like
accurate data a year ago I took a census
of a large number of dairymen in my
town who had patronized our factories.
I had known them and their business for
25 years. They were divided into three
classes; those who fed all the time, those
who fed spasmodically or when they felt
like it, and those who fed only a short
time in the late Winter and early Spring.
The results were .about like this: Those
who fed judiciously all of the time had
the best buildings, lived the best, and
would be surely classed as leading farm¬
ers. Strange to say, in my judgment,
those who fed nothing extra were next,
and those who fed occasionally were in
the rear, for the simple reason that the
cows could no more quickly appropriate
this extra feed in milk production than
the trotting horse could the same feed,
unless a slow training process was begun.
Neither will it pay to feed concentrates
and starve them on green succulent feed.
I am sorry to say it, but it is true that
few dairymen know how much a cow
can eat and appropriate for 10 milking
months of the year. 1 would rather put
$50 worth of raw material through one
cow than two. I am a vigorous consumer
myself, and do not want an animal on the
premises that is not served under the
same general rule. When cows arc pur¬
chased it often takes a year to get the
confidence of the digestive tract so it
will turn feed to the udder. Sometimes
it takes a year or more to train a cow
to give milk, and balanced rations of eas¬
ily digested feed are to the cow what the
track is to the race horse.

_ H. E. COOK.

A WEASEL AT BAY.

It seemed likely that this animal was
making its first visit to our place, and it
fortunately chose broad daylight to make
the entry. It did not prove so fortunate
for the animal as for us and our chickens.
The good housewife first noticed its slim
body passing over some chunk wood in
the wood yard. My attention being called.
1 decided to confine it within this refuge
till a gun could be procured. Sending a
boy to the nearest neighbors, lie came
back with the report that the gun was out
of working order. So the neighbor him¬
self was sent for to come and reinforce
our little army, armed with hoes, clubs,
a manure fork, etc. The neighbor came,
carrying two steel traps, and saying that
he had learned something about catching
weasels in the daytime, lie at once pro¬
ceeded to set them as lightly as possible,
and then placed them at points where the
wily animal would probably come out.
Once the animal ran over a trap without
springing it, so light was it on foot. That
trap was reset and the next minute it
held the weasel firmly in its iron grasp.
The neighbor said : “That trap will close
quicker than you or I can strike,” and it
did. Indeed it had the animal at very
close range. I told my neighbor that he
should have full credit for this successful
plan of catching this animal that might
have raised havoc with our chickens. I
give it to R. N.-Y. readers, hoping that
they may likewise head off a bloodthirsty
chap on his way to the chicken coop.

CLARK M. DRAKE.

“What’s de matter wid de major? He
gwine roun’ lookin’ all kerfiummuxed !”
“Well, he hearn tell dat corn licker wuz
good fer snakebite, an’ now lie’s huntin’
fer something what’s good fer corn lick¬
er !” — Atlanta Constitution.

DR. DAVID
Roberts

CATTLE

[SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.-
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. Dmid Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 Grand Ave.,"Wnukesha,Wls.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round.
Built onee for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONA I.
SILO COMPANY. Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

Work

Horses

need not be laid off for
treatment if you use

mm

Above trade mark on ererj box.

Bickmore’s Cure.

Cures while you work him of all Harness, Sad¬
dle or Collar Qalls, Scratches, Cuts, Cracks,
etc. Sold every where bv dealers. Guaranteed.
Money refunded!! it fails. Sample mailed forlOcents.

BICKMORE GAIL CURE COMPANY, Box 51 9, Old Town li.

AS THEY

SOnETIMES

ARE

j“ SAVE -THE- HORSE”

I Reentered Trade Mark

SF»iLVI3NT CURE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding: contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
QSC.OU per bottle with written guarantee
H Send for copy, nlfu l*«'klet end scoree of
letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid .
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

An Inflamed Tendon

NEEDS COOLING

ABSORBINE

Will do it and restore the circulation,
assist nature to repair strained, rup¬
tured ligaments more successfully than
Firing. No blister; no hair gone; and
you can use the horse. $2.00 per bottle
delivered. Book 2-B Free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind $1.00
Bottle. Cures Strained Torn Liga-

- ments. Cures Varicose Veins. Allays

pain quickly. Genuine manufactured only by

W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass,

\ Ladj can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
FOUR OITS IN ONE

Cures Kickers, Runaways, Pullers,
Shyers, etc. Send for Jilt on Ten
Days’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
P/of. J.Q. ltecry, Pleasant I11U, Ohio.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Con key . I’ria.

HARNESS lyfail

Our plan of selling custom-made, oak-tanned harness
by mail, direct from the factory at w holesale prices, is
a big saving to every farmer. All harness is guaranteed.
If it’s faulty in any way, return it and get your money
back. Write fonllusirated catalogue F and pricelist.
THU KINO HARNESS CO., 6 I,akeSt.,Owrgo.Tiogat'o., N.Y.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning; Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY, Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

TUNIS RAMSi

A few left. Will sell very reasonable to close out.
j. n. McPherson, Scottsviiie, n. y.

MALE AND FE-
_ _ MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

FOR SALE

FOR SALE

ANGORA COATS,

BEST QUALITY. REGISTERED.

DAVID YOST,

MINE I A MOTTE, MO.

R

ME

EGISTEREI) ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs |<>r
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.

SLROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnat

innatus, N. Y.

Breeders’ Directory

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
inCalf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun. Chester Co., Pa.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier. 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1003. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and aro champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRE S—

k Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

R. F, D, No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES ffiXtn

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

A little bit goes a long way
Pratts Harness Soap.

Made by Pratt Food Co. , Phila. Over 30 years old.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down 8heep;
Chester White, Poland China
i and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
i Collie Dogs and a variety of
■ Poultry. Come see my
'stock and make your own
. , , — — — selections. Send 2c. stamp

tancy « i Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, l’enna.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service; at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON. 905 Liberty St.. Pittsburg, Fa

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five yoars. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN -FRIESlANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If those are the kind you want write or come to see
them, Ido to select from. Animals of both sexes
ar.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.^

A special oner on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. COliTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODGREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co., N.Y.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Ilengerveld’s Count De I<ol, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

I®r" Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

OAKLAND FARM HERD

FOR (fir-,

SALE fSff

v Sired by

“PAUL BEETS DeKOL”

f Canary’s Mercedes’ Son
DkKiiI Hi>iiL'prvpl(l Burl

DeKol Hengerveld Burke,
Soldene Clathilde Artis.

T. A. MITCHELL,

WEEDSl’ORT, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

A NEW RECORD!

I ^ Applications for Registry and I O
I \J mL transfer in thirty days. I

I now offer the largest stock of nearby springers,
young milkers, service bulls, male and female calves
ever offered before; all registered and guaranteed.

Circulars sent FREE on application.
Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

THE STEVENS HERD

Offers youn
2d’s Butter !

COWS and HEIFERS bred to De Kol
oy 3d, or Beryl Wayne’s Paul De Kol,

Two of the Best HOLSTEIN BULLS Living,

or to the great Imported Bull Karei, whose dam and
dam’s dam have the largest records of any cows in
Holland.

YOUNG STOCK of both sexes. Their breeding and
individuality will please you. Write or visit us.

HENRY STEVENS & SON,
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N. Y.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

if you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just -what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

[THE WAY THEY TALK.

“Scales in weighing order— working fine as silk.
Have been weighing horses, cattle and other stuff on
them. The more 1 use them the better 1 like them.”

JAMES COCHRANE, Beloit, Wis.

KNODIG PITLESS SCALES

save you 035.00 to *50.00 on cost, absolutely accurate,
always In order. Guaranteed 10 yours. Catalog tells
it all. Write for It.

National Pities* Scale Co., aioi Wj.ndou* 8*., Kansas City, Eo-

Portable. Easily
Moved and Reset
where wanted

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

7o7

MANCHESTER'S DAIRY NOTES.
Scours in Calves ; Hard-wood Ashes.

I am feeding my calves warm separated
milk, just as soon as it is run through, and
they have the scours very badly. What can
I do for them? What are hard-wood ashes
worth for top-dressing for newly seeded mea¬
dow ? s.

Tupper Lake, N. Y.

Perhaps you arc overfeeding the calves,
as this is a frequent cause of this trouble.
Overfeeding is fully as harmful as under¬
feeding, as they arc unable to take care
of so much food and indigestion results.
Keep the calf pails clean, especially in hot
weather. Feeding from dirty pails will
scour the calves. I have heard of calves
scouring when fed warm separator milk
which was very frothy, as quickly drink¬
ing this full of air seemed to get too much
air in the stomach. Scraping this off
avoided the trouble. Hard-wood ashes
are good for top-dressing, and the lime
especially good for the soil, sweetening it,
being very beneficial where clover is
grown. They are valuable for the potash
and the lime, and contain a little phos¬
phoric acid. The average analysis is
about six per cent potash and two per
cent phosphoric acid. They are worth $6
to $8 per ton, depending upon quality and
distance they must be hauled.

Ration for Milch Cow.

Please advise as to ration for a Jersey
cow. The main object is the largest quan¬
tity of milk; weight of cow about 700 pounds.
We have Alfalfa hay (also a small quantity
of green Alfalfa), light and heavy bran
(heavy bran has more flour), cornineal, lin¬
seed and cotton-seed meals. Not an economi¬
cal ration, but much milk desired. b. s.

Redlands, Cal.

Almost all the feeds you mention are
rich in protein, so cornmeal and a ration
made up of these will be apt to be too
narrow; that is, not a sufficient amount
of carbohydrates to balance it. Alfalfa
alone is almost as good as wheat bran,
and when one has plenty of that very lit¬
tle grain should be needed. I should,
however, try a mixture of equal parts
cornmeal. bran and linseed, feeding five
or six pounds to cow in full flow of milk,
beside what Alfalfa she would eat clean.
This will not be a strictly balanced ra¬
tion, but ought to make milk. When
feeding the green Alfalfa we should cut
out the grain and a little cornmeal.

Breeding for Cream.

What breed of bull is best to breed up a
herd of better creamers from Ayrshire cows?

New York. k.

To raise better butter cows we should
use either a Jersey or Guernsey sire se¬
lected from a good family. It will prob¬
ably be easier to get such from the Jer¬
seys at a more reasonable price as they
are more plentiful. Get a purebred ani¬
mal whose dam was or is a good, per¬
sistent milker, and whose milk is rich
in butter fat. As has often been said, a
good bull is half the herd, and a poor
bull much more than half the herd, so
take considerable care in selecting your
bull. A good many crosses inherit the
poor qualities of both parents, and none
of their good ones. If you can find a
good butter-producing family of Ayr-
shires, and 1 believe there are such, it
might be well to select a bull to head
your herd from such a family, as it
seems easier to make improvement in the
same breed rather than by crossing.

Raising a Sucking Calf.

Will you tell me how to rear a calf which
has been sucking the dam since It was born?
I bought cow and calf four weeks ago, and
as the dam is a fine cow and the calf gives
promise of making a fine cow I would like
to raise it. I)o you think I could get it to
take milk from a calf feeder? w. c. v.

Annar.dale. N. J.

I should not want a calf that 1 was
to raise to suck its dam for four weeks,
as it would be apt to be too fat, and
well on the way to a veal calf. If not
too fat now to raise it can readily be
broken to use a calf feeder. Skitn-milk
should be used in place of whole milk,
making the change gradually. Calf feed¬
ers should be kept very clean, and this

requires care, as they are apt to be found
dirty and filthy. We have heard objec¬
tions to the use of feeders that the heifers
would be suckers, but we have not been
troubled in this manner. If you have not
a feeder the calf can be taught to drink
from the pail. This requires a little more
tact and patience, but gives about as good
results. H. G. MANCHESTER.

COTTON SEED MEAL FOR DAIRY
COWS.

When fed by a careful feeder cotton¬
seed meal is one of the best milk produc¬
ing feeds and is at current prices of feed
stuff perhaps the cheapest source to get
protein. Fed in connection with other
grain feeds, such as wheat bran, corncob
or cornmeal, it should be fed with a small
vessel, holding about what you desire to
feed each cow. I do not advise feeding
over two pounds at a feed, and perhaps
less, say one or V/2 pound. This should
be carefully measured and fed on top of
other grain feeds. I find two pounds cot¬
ton-seed meal fed as above, with two to
six pounds wheat bran per day, two feeds,
with cows on pasture, gives excellent re¬
sults, keeps the cow in good condition and
increases the flow of milk. Unless the
pasture is very good, in this case, I know
of no feed that will produce more or bet¬
ter milk than clover, Timothy and Blue
grass mixed pasture alone, but with
grain feed and pasture the cows do not
consume so much grass. On most farms
pasture grass is cheaper than grain; thus
the pasture grass will produce milk at less
cost than grain and pasture.

In my practice keeping my farm
stocked to its full capacity, I feed some
grain every day in the year. When pas¬
ture is abundant, 1 think the only benefit
in feeding grain is to get the cows to
come to the stable and keep them content¬
ed. As we are compelled to feed grain
part of the time, to stop altogether throws
the cows out of fix, and it takes several
days or even weeks for them to get over
it. The objection to cotton-seed meal and
all highly nitrogenous feeds is that when
fed too much it has a tendency to cause
garget or congestion of the milk secret¬
ing organs. To summarize, cotton-seed
meal is a cheap 'source of protein feed,
but we should not feed over four pounds
per day. Clover, Timothy and Blue grass
pasture is the cheapest and best feed for
dairy cows. The object in feeding grain
in .Summer is to make the cows come to
stable, go to stalls and remain quietly, and
to supplement the pasture.

Ohio. l. p. BAILEY.

DUCKS WITH RHEUMATISM.

Will you tell me if you can what ails my
ducks and what to do for them? They are
taken with lameness, get entirely unable to
use their legs, and will not eat ; there is mat¬
ter in the eyes, and at. times they seem to
he in great pain. The first was taken two or
three weeks ago. and others are getting the
same way. All but one are last year's ducks
and that one is feathered out nicely. They
are Pekin ducks. I have been feeding a
mash of cornineal and bran ; keep sand and
water in their runs, and put in green feed
and break up green apples for them.

Waverly, N. Y. a. g. k.

Your ducks seem to have a bad attack
of rheumatism, with an accompanying
cold. Are their quarters damp at night?
Although ducks are water fowl, they ap¬
preciate warm dry places for night. Wash
the eyes clean with warm water contain¬
ing a little carbolic acid, about one per
cent. Mix equal parts cayenne pepper,
mustard and ginger in lard about as stiff
as you can work it, then add flour to
make a stiff dough ; make into pellets
one inch long as thick as an ordinary lead
pencil, open the bird’s beak and drop
down the throat, once a day. Two doses
or so should show an improvement. Put
a little pulverized charcoal in the mash.
Change the feed a little to tempt the
birds to eat again. If they have been sick
very long it would be better not to retain
them for breeding purposes, as their vi¬
tality must be badly weakened. Prevent
another attack by keeping their night
quarters as dry as possible. h. t.

HOME BUTTERMAKING

Easier and More Profitable With a

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR

The thrifty housewife who has the milk of three or more
cows at her disposal and is making special efforts to churn
as large a surplus of fine butter each week as possible for
sale to her private customers cannot afford to be without a
DE LAVAL Cream Separator. The old fashioned gravity
or*Qeep setting system of skimming milk means a daily
waste of time and labor in handling ice, water, crocks and
pans, and the loss of practically one half the cream. A
DE LAVAL Cream Separator will save this labor and
expense, and secure all the profits. To begin with the milk
is skimmed immediately after milking, and the cream alone
has to be cared for, — secondly, almost double the amount of
cream is secured that could be under the old system. At the
same time it is of any desired thickness and of greater purity,
all of which means more butter of finer quality and higher
market value. Furthermore, the skim-milk is left fresh and
warm for the calves. With the average number of cows a
DE LAVAL Cream Separator will more than pay for itself
the first year of use, and is capable of lasting at least twenty
years. As betw. en the different separators, the DE LAVAL
has been the world’s standard for over twenty-five years,
and is used exclusively by 98 per cent of all experienced* sepa¬
rator buyers. If you haven’t the ready cash you may buy a
DE LAVAL on such liberal terms that it will earn its cost
while you are paying for it. A free trial of one can be
had in your own home upon request. Write to-day for de¬
scriptive catalogue and name of nearest local agent.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,
PHILADELPHIA.

8 & 1 1 Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

The De Laval Separator Co.

21 POUNDS MORE 1
BUTTER PER WEEK

Barnesville, Ohio, June 20, 1005: We
were milking ten cows May 19. That
day we took a Tubular separator for
trial. We used It one week and
got 86 pounds of butter that
week. The week before we used
it, we got only 65 pounds. The week
after the agent took it away we got
only 64 pounds. We felt we ought
to have it. Later we arranged to buy
it. We recommend the Tubular to
anyone interested in cows. It surely
will pay any one to buv a Tubular.

(Signed) Lona and C. W. Acton.
Write for catalog Y-153. It explains
fully.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAN. CHICAGO, ILL.

Steam

Is the reliable power. Don’t be
misled on the power question.
Don’t buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

' The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall-

Plng in, etc. Wo’ve been mak¬
ing these dependable farm
_ power for many years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You hare
a score of uses for such a power. Let us send you our
little book, "PowerKeenomy and Klflolaney." Free.
The James Lefiel & Co.. Box 160, Springfield. 0,

Heavey horse? Cureor sell him,
first use Pratts Heave Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Ton
ean pul-
v e r i z e
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Free journal,

How to Build,
Plant, Fill
and Feed,

Ask about
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO TANK * SIL0 co-

IVHUHWHtUU Kalamazoo. Mich.

No More Blind Horsps I',01’ sv<??ifiJc ophthalmia,

,u mwl ””” Moon Blindness and other

sore eyes, BARR\ CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

EEJED It UTTER"!

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made— no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. Forlnfot.
Illation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

7o8

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 2:\, 190.V

HUMOROUS

Thkkb was a young lady at Bingham
Who knew many songs, and could sing ’em;
But she couldn't mend hose.

And she wouldn't wash clothes,

Or help her old mother to wring ’em.

Tit-Bits,

Mother : Willie, why do you quarrel
so much with that Jones boy?” Willie:
" ’Cause lie’s afraid to light, momnier !” — -
Life.

“What a comfort the exchange sys¬
tem is,” exclaimed one woman shopper to
a friend she met in the elevator of a big
department store. “Yesterday I bought a
hat which 1 didn’t like after 1 got it home,
so to-day I brought it back and got three
pounds of butter and a mousetrap for it.
— New York Sun.

“We don’ want no Ilyin’ machines,” said
Mr. Erastus Pinkley, emphatically. “Dem
automobiles is bad enough.” “Do you
think flying machines will be worse than
automobiles?” “Yass, I does. When you
is hit by an automobile, dar you is; but
when you is hit by a Ilyin’ machine, you
ain’ th’oo yit. You has a long, hard drop
coinin’.” — Washington Star.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY,' BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For House*, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers

Sroflts. In use 61 years, Officially Endorsed by the
range. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INQERSOLL, !44« Plymouth St„ Brooklyn, N. Y .

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

!45to 3U percent commission

to Ket orders for our celebrated TVhh
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For prompt Attention addresn Mr. J. J. f).
care of

THK ft It K AT AMERICAN TKA CO.,

P. O. Box 2 Hi), 31-33 VeaeySt., New York

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AN EQUAL!

Built by the oldest concern making MANURE
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Is built to stand hard knocks.

Spreads every kind of barnyard manure.
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Built In different sizes, to meet all demands.

Let us send you our booklet, “A Savings Hank
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THE RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO.

Worcester, Massachusetts.

HORSE POWERS,

THRASHERS Wood
and GLEANERS Sawsj

One A two
Tread, Perfect

fovernor, Feed & Ensilage CUTTERS

Writ© for catalogue.

writ© for catalogue.

ELLIS KEYSTON E AGR’LWO RKS, Pottstown. Pa

; ' .rr,; .

muto® 1
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imiiiiKE :
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RKD CYPRESS— WHITE
PINE— GALVANIZED
STEEL

CALDWELL

Tank. Are the beet made
Ask for Illustrated cat¬
alogue and price Hat;
alao references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market,
Don’tbe deceived
by pictures that
look like

“ The Hessier.”

To get the best,
insist on|having
the Original Gen¬
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BOX, not the im¬
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RURAL MAIL BOX. towm”1

H. E. HESSLEB CO., Syracuse, N.Y.

A Nev®r Failing Water Supply,

o

with absolute saf' small cost may b© had by using the

Improved J^Ter Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Impro Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for -c than 30 years and sold In every country In the world Exclu¬
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So well built o-"eir durability is yet to bo determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago l)»«r ^jull in active service.

Bend stai^ “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERloSSON ENGINE CO.,

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,0 Dearborn 8t., Chicago. 231 Cral* 8t. Weal, Mon-rekl, 1 . Q.

40 NcrUi 1th Bt., rblladelphla. 22 I’ltta St., Sydnty, N. 8. W.

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The WAGON to BUY.

Properly eon
struetod. Waves labor, annoy
ance find expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS S?aToanlsl

Your address on a poatat will bring you freo catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen's Profits. Every Cutter fully wai-
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BOX No. 57.

DeLOACH PATENT

d Infringers and buy the Genuine,
up. Shingle, Pinning. Lath and C
roke Hay Presses, water Wheeli

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Saw
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Wheels.

_ _ P. and

Millsi four Btrnke
Catalog freo. Wo pay the freight,

DeLOACIl MILL MTU CO., Box 303. Atlanta, G

AW MILL.

FODDER

I Cut to th« lingth you want,
and cut evenly.

Delivered Into any silo uny where to any height, with the modem

CLINIAX

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The atandnrd by which all other nmchlncA nr<* built.

Made jn all sizes. Suited to any farm power. Capacities from
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chain Carrier or Blower. Blower case made of cast
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strong and SAFJfi. The TORNADO puts 20 per cent
more cut ensilage into a givon space or silo than can
be done by any other make of Cutter,

Agents
Wanted

Special propositions
to good, live dealers.

Write for Catalog
and prices.

W. R. H ARRI8QN & CO., MANUFACTURERS,

MASSILLON, OHIO.

American Fence Talks

By the Makers

The structure of the American Fence is per¬
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the upright or stay wires hinged. This is the
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There are many fences on the market. Some tell of
their wonderfully hard wire; others speak of new form of
construction that make all other forms look ancient and
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miles of American Fence are in use than of all others com¬
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We do not sell direct— we sell through dealers all over
the country. Only in this way are the buyers’ interests
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jB.—.—treated right.

T| [ American Fence is for sale by the dealer

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1 f suit yotir requirements. Or, write us direct
’IT ""p" ' ; i A and we will send you a catalogue and

tell you where you can get the fence.

THE AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO.

^ Chloago New York

^ Denver San Franolsoo

"The Reslate r **

Rex StintkotE

ROOFING

RESISTS WATER

F5* ■*=-

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An Unfair lest ,

Water under pressure is ^k.1' 1
an unfair test — ,rct REX
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Absolutely Water-Tight

Can be quickly and inexpen¬
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May We Send You Samples ?

and our handsome booklet. Ques¬
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have it or can get it.

J. A. & W. Bird & Co.

7° India Street,

Boston, Mass,

SAWMILL MACHINERY

THE

_ American Line

I combines highest quality with lowest Price. Most
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I A complete storehouse or wood workers’ machinery
Fino book, telling all, FREE.

I Am. Saw Mill Math. Co., 610 Enginaerlng Bldg, Haw York,

WIRE-$I.40 Per IOO Lbs.

Smooth galvanized wire, put up 100
lbs. to a hale, lengths running up to
No. 14 gunge, per 100 lbs. 11.40.
Write for prices on other gauges.
Fence staples, per 100 lbs., 12 00. Wire
nails, mixed in a keg, per lOOlbs.,11.60.
ltnrbed wire, per 1001bs.,*2.S.r>. Poultry
netting, steel fence .etc., ntlow prices.
Ask for 4'ut aloguc No. E, c 2
on merchandise of all kinds from
Sheriffs’ and Receivers’ sales.

CHIC ADD ROUSH WKKCKIKU CO., Went 86th A Iran Sis., Chicago

Min

THE PAPEC

PNEUMATIC

Ensilage Cutter

Will prepare you a l>ettor silage and All your
silo in less time, with less power and with less
trouble to you than any other blower ensilage
cutter made.

It is the most convenient and the easiest to
operate. It never clogs, never gets out of
order, never disappoints. We guarantee every
machino to be perfect and to do the work
claimed for it.

If you need an ensilage Cutter you need a
Popeo. Send for eatalog giving full particulars.

. Papwc Machine Co., Box 1 0, Lima, N. Y.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating: or
Faint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong: and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac ically Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Plat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sam ’ is, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

KKIK, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2905.

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 30, 1905.

WEEKLY, *1.00 PER YEAH.

AN ARGUMENT FOR HAYING MACHINERY.

HORSE RORKS AND SLINGS.

The Wood and Steel Hired Man.

Oil page (> 14 II. H. Lyon asks about the use of the
hay fork. He says that to use the fork requires an
extra man and an extra horse, or one is put to the
bother each load of taking a horse from the wagon
to draw up the hay. Thrashing grain with modern
thrashers requires the use of several extra men, but
who would think of taking a hired man or the boys
and spending half the Winter flailing out the grain the
good old-fashioned way. When haymaking time
comes it should be a matter of getting the hay into the
barn as soon as possible. Some farmers who are lone¬
handed hire an extra man and a stout boy, the latter
to load and to assist in mowing away. By pitching on
by hand and by unloading in tbe same laborious man¬
ner five or six loads (some use V/2 or eight by 16
foot racks) constitute a hard day’s work. In this way
often two or three weeks are consumed in making a
crop of hay, and then some of it was cut either too soon
or too late for best results. The “old-fashioned” fork
that carried from 100 to 200 pounds of hay was about
as capable of handling hay rapidly as the
so-called newer sorts. The forks which
take up 500 pounds are rare. Of course
if the hay is properly loaded and the
fork properly stuck it occasionally takes
up that amount, but half this weight is a
good average. This is the writer’s ex¬
perience. There may be forks that 1
am not familiar with. How is one to
pitch hay by hand into the top of a mow
in one of our modern barns, the comb
of which is 40 or 50 feet above the
floor ?

In regard to allowing the hay to pile
up in the middle of the mow, no harm
results, provided after a pile has accum¬
ulated other forkfuls are not allowed to
drop and wedge between the pile and
siding. It must be admitted the hay
cannot be taken out as easily as when
kept level in mowing, but some argue
that a farmer has more time in the
Winter than when there arc a dozen
loads of hay out and rain is threaten¬
ing. The modern haymaker’s outfit in
the section with which the writer is
familiar (southern Michigan and north¬
western Ohio) consists of mower, ted¬
der, rake — though many do not consider
the latter essential — hay loader, eleva¬
tor, two men and a stout boy, if the men and boy can
be procured. Now for results. Where the hay is
good and the haul not a long one, about 20 minutes are
required to drive to the field and get a load of hay;
20 minutes more and the hay is in the mow, and
everything is ready to go for another load. Is this a
“western yam?” By no means. How is it done? As
soon as the load is in the barn the two men fasten the
first sling to the blocks, then go to the mow, while the
boy takes the team from the wagon and hitches it to
the elevator rope. In about one minute more the first
slingful is in the mow. If your hay rack is a large one
three slings are usually used for each load. This oper¬
ation has not necessarily taken more than five minutes.
One of the men in the mow pulls the trip rope. The
boy returns to the barn with the team, climbs upon the
load, removes sling, after drawing it back to the wagon,
fastens sling number two, goes down to his team, and
in another minute the second slingful is ready to be
mowed away. As soon as the third slingful is in the
mow the men get to the wagon, remove the third sling,
place it in position for the next load, while the boy is
taking the team from the rope and hitching it to the.
wagon. A drink of water, a minute’s fanning with

hats, and before you realize it the second load is in the
barn. This time and subsequently the men go imme¬
diately to the mow to dispose of the last slingful from
the preceding load. By the time the boy has the sling
fastened and his team ready the mow is ready for more
hay. It is not difficult to see how a dozen loads of hay
may be put into the barn in a day. Some may wonder
how the two men in the mow can handle so much hay.
As the hay drops from the slings it spreads out as it
was on the load, and is not twisted and tangled. Be¬
sides this, a little practice enables one to attack a big
slingful to advantage. However, the first time one
faces one of these piles of hay he is apt to feel a little
discouraged.

The writer has assumed that one has been able to
secure help. Where this is impossible two neighbors
can exchange work, thereby saving the usual cost of
haymaking. Many do this anyhow. Some make their
own hay lone-handed, simply having some member of
the family drive the team while loading and unloading.
By lengthening the traces sufficiently by putting wire
through the cockeye and forming a long link which is
fastened to the singletree while unloading, the horses'
heels will not strike, and there is no necessity for any-

RENT PAYERS IN A MICHIGAN PASTURE. Fig. 299.

one to handle a heavy pair of whiffle trees. Farmers by
a judicious investment in labor-saving farming utensils
can to a great extent solve the hired-hand problem. Two
years ago the writer was tempted to tell the readers of
The R. N.-Y. how he alone managed by the aid of
many modern farm implements to handle 160 acres, all
but 30 acres of which were in crops, and turned off ap¬
proximately $1,900 worth of produce, but modesty and
deference for the assistant foreman ( and by the way the
latter wore a sunbonnet) deterred me. I will say this
much at this time, however; that by the investment of
about $250 more than is absolutely necessary to “get
along” this may be accomplished under certain condi¬
tions. The $250 is about the price of a man’s work for
a year. When the year is gone your money, a year’s
board and the man are gone. Had the money been
properly spent for machinery the money only would be
gone ; the never-tired hired man is still with you ready
for business without a murmur, and will be for from 10
to 20 years. I know it is not in accordance with the
principles of labor unions to compel one’s help to do on
an average, perhaps. 15 years’ work for the price of one,
and not cyan be willing to furnish decent board. But,
really, isn’t it business? J. d. prickrtt.

SORGHUM FOR FODDER AND SYRUP.

HOW THE SYRUP IS MADE.

The Grain as Poultry Food

Will some of The R. N.-Y. family tell us how to handle
Amber oane (sorghum) to make the best syrup for family
use? It is a new thing to raise in this section. We have
about an acre equal to any I ever saw. Will the waste make
good silage? I can boil the juice with steam if practical, as
some maple sugar is made that way. c. e. b.

Vermont.

The first necessity for manufacturing molasses from
Amber cane is some machine for expressing the sap.
The mill operated by my father was run by horse¬
power. The mill was elevated nine feet above the
boiling house. The juice ran through l*4-inch gas pipe
into a sulphur box, built of inch boards. 1 he box was
10 by 12 inches and six feet high. There were 12
little shelves inside the box, six on each side, which
slanted towards each other. 'I lie box stood perpen¬
dicularly on a second horizontal box made of similar
lumber, and four feet long. The lower box was filled
two-thirds full of water. A hole in the bottom of this
box let the water out when necessary, and another
two-thirds up the side provided an overflow to prevent
its containing too much, while a hole
at the top admitted the water. There
was a small, tight box at one end in
which sulphur was burned. Common
roll sulphur was used. It was burned in
an iron pan, admitted into the box
through a sliding door at the end. A
two-inch tin tube admitted the sulphur
fumes into the water box, where they
gave up their sulphuric acid. The
fumes then passed through a similar
tube into the upright box, escaping
through the top, through a three-inch
tube, which carried it into the open air.
The juice going down through the box
struck each successive shelf and was
broken into spray which was acted upon
by the sulphur fumes. The treated juice
flowed through a rubber hose into a
small tank, from which it was pumped
into a settling tank, above the level of
the evaporating pan, by a common boat
pump. There it was allowed to settle
for 12 hours, and a large part of the
objectionable elements in the juice were
removed without heat. It sometimes re¬
mained there several days, as the sul¬
phur destroyed all germs of fermenta¬
tion. The juice was drawn from the
settling tank through a lk<-inch gas
pipe into the heating tank, which was consid¬
erably higher than the evaporating pan, but on
the same arch. A fine sieve at the end of the
pipe caught any foreign matter. It was necessary
to reject the first two quarts of juice drawn off, but
after that it would run clear to the top of the sediment.
Enough milk of lime was used in the heating tank so
that the juice would turn blue litmus paper to a neu¬
tral tint; about a pint to a barrel of juice when it was
desired to make sugar. If only molasses was required
no lime was used, as the syrup is lighter colored with¬
out it. From the heating tank the juice passed through
a filter into the evaporating pan. The filter was of
oak, and made very strong. It was 30 inches high. W'A
inches in diameter at the bottom and 20'A at the top.
In the bottom was a chamber four inches deep with a
false bottom, perforated by three-quarter-inch holes
above. In the center of the false bottom was a two-
inch hole into which a tin tube. 30 inches long, was
closely fitted. There was a gate at the bottom of the
filter through which the impurities could be removed.
A thin layer of straw was placed on the false bottom,
when the tub was tilled with sand and fine gravel,
which had been previously washed. About two bushels

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 30.

7 IQ

•was required. 1 he juice (lowed front the heater into
the tin tube in the filter, went to the bottom and filtered
up, passing out at the top through an inch hose into
the coolest p^rt of the evaporator in a continuous
stream. The arch was capable of burning either wood
or bagasse (the cane after the juice is expressed) ; the
latter was preferred if the weather was suitable for
drying. One day’s drying converted it into 'me fuel.

I could give specifications for building the arch which
my father used, if they would prove of use to the in¬
quirer. but ours was a custom mill, grinding cane for
a wide area and possibly on larger scale than C. E. B.
contemplates. The process produced a high grade of
molasses. 1 remember that the evaporation of syrup
was produced at great heat, and that' when it was
completed the syrup was cooled in tanks of water t<
insure rapid cooling, as it was much whiter than when
long in cooling. A small quantity of raw sugar was
made several times by heating the molasses in an
iron kettle on the kitchen stove to from 230 to 23t
degrees Falrnnheit, and leaving it in an earthen vessel
in the warming closet of the stove until crystallized- It
was drained in an earthen bowl through which a few
small holes were drilled.

After experimenting somewhat my father began
grinding (the process was nearer squeezing) the cane
with the leaves on, drying the waste, when he secured
a fodder which stock relished and which kept them in
fine condition. It was fed in alternation with corn
stover and hay, and the cattle never looked better than
the years when it was used. It was kept in stacks or
in the barn as space made necessary. The seed was
an ideal poultry food, and all the animals liked it. The
estimate of value which my father made of an acre of
good Amber cane was 3/ tons of dry fodder, as good
as hay; 25 to 30 bushels of seed, when frost did not
come too early, and 1(50 gallons of molasses. We never
had a silo, but while the cane without pressing might
not keep well the bagasse, if cut into a silo, would
make fine food. Amber cane is a very heavy growth
so it is unnecessary to advise that the bundles be made
very small. Like sweet cornstalks, it is a little diffi¬
cult to dry properly. I remember that the bundles

were never put up like corn, but built like a “cob

house" so that the cut ends of the stalks did not rest

on the ground, as they were liable to mold. Amber
cane made a fine growth this year, and although no
molasses has been made here since my father’s death,

1 always raise some of it, for when the seed ripens it
is the best grain for laying hens I ever used, in alterna¬
tion with other foods. sara a. little.

Seneca Co., N. Y.

BRIEF FERTILIZER TALKS.

Sowing Rye After Potatoes.

Having recently become interested in a very small way in
gardening, owning a full acre of land, I found the land had
not been enriched with any kind of manure or fertilizer for
eight or to years. Last Winter I bought a carload of horse
and cow manure, principally the former. My friends around
here are telling me it would be a good idea to sow it with
rye this Fall after digging my potatoes, while others who
claim to know all about farming say rye plowed under would
have no fertilizer value other than moisture. The land is
quite sandy, but it got quite hard this year in most places
although it was dragged three times. I have grown pota¬
toes this year and would like to do so again next year.

Buffalo. X. Y. m. a. g.

Sow the rye by all means. If it had no other value
than that of holding moisture it would pay well. Rye
does not add plant-food to the soil as clover and simi¬
lar plants do, but it helps in various ways. During the
Fall quite large quantities of soluble plant food are
found in the soil. Nitrates in particular give the solu¬
ble form of nitrogen. If the ground is left bare these
nitrates will be leached out of the soil and lost. If a
living plant like rye is growing after the potatoes die
the rye will use this nitrogen, save it and hold it se¬
curely for the next crop. It is also quite likely that
the rye will be able to use some plant food which the
potatoes could not The rye will have another value
in keeping the soil open. When the humus or organic
matter is removed the soil bakes hard and cannot hold
moisture well. Tt will be muddy for a while after a
rain, and then bake like a brick. The rye plowed un¬
der and well pressed down with a roller or fiat harrow
will hold moisture so that the soil will dry quicker after
a rain, and at the same time supply more water in a
drought. Another good reason for sowing rye between
two crops of potatoes is that the crop is less likely to
be troubled by scab when the green crop is plowed
under.

Chemicals for Clover Sod.

A field of clover, not harvested on account of wet weather,
is now plowed under and sown to rye, which will also be
plowed under in the Spring and planted to potatoes. What
commercial fertilizer or what constituents should be used to
“balance up'’ food for the potato crop? Clay soil, sand
mixed. N. G.

Xenia, Ohio.

Clay soils which contain a good supply of humus are
usually rwite strong in potash. The clover will supply
considerable nitrogen, most of it in organic form, and

* not at once available for potatoes. These things indi¬
cate the need of a fertilizer high in phosphoric acid,
fairly rich in potash, and with a small quantity of sol¬
uble nitrogen needed to carry the young plants through
until the clover decays in the soil. We should use
nitrate of soda for the nitrogen, acid phosphate for phos¬
phoric acid, and sulphate of potash in the proportions
of 200 pounds nitrate, 200 pounds sulphate and 1.200
rounds acid phosphate. It will not be necessary to mix

TUNA OR PRICKLY PEAR FRUIT. NATURAL SIZE.

Fig. 300. Sec Ruralisms, Page 714.

the chemicals. The acid phosphate and sulphate can
be broadcast and harrowed in, and the nitrate of soda
used along the rows as the potatoes come up. We
should use 500 pounds or more of this combination
to the acre.

Short Rotation of Hay and Potatoes.

I have 00 acres; have been arranging to put one-third in
potatoes and mow two-thirds; sow clover and Timothy after
potatoes each year and mow no second crop at all. Which
will pay the best, to do this, or to put half in potatoes and
mow the other half but one year, and put in potatoes again
this way? I should have a tine crop of second crop clover to
plow under in the Spring, for potatoes, and the other way I
Would have a Timothy sod instead of clover sod. and it would
have been mowed twice. I top-dress in the Fall with what
manure I make, but not enough to cover all. Would the
potatoes be apt to be Infested with bugs being raised every
other year on clover sod? By using 1.000 or 1.500 pounds
of high-grade fertilizer to acre would not this clover every
other year soon enrich my farm? I have always cut big hay
after potatoes. I keep but one cow and take horses to
pasture on meadow land $1 per week ; we have a good potato
market and get the highest prices. All that I am afraid of
is whether the potatoes will be more buggy growing so close
together every other year. We also have a good hay market:
price has been for several years from $14 to $18 per ton.

SECTION OF TUNA FRUIT. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 301.

See Ruralisms, I'age 714.

Last year I got $18 per ton for most of my hay. This
year I have 50 tons to sell. We can mostly clear $50 or
$00 an acre on potatoes, so with me it is potatoes and hay,
and hay and potatoes. c. f.

Monmouth, N. J.

Of course ever)- man must settle his own plans, but
we would, on our own farm, cut the hay two years, and
thus have one-third of the farm in potatoes each year,
If you seed to Timothy grass and clover as soon as the
potatoes are out you will get a fair crop of Timothy the
next year and a good grop of clover the year following.

That is our experience in sowing the two together
without grain — the 1 imotliy comes in first, as the grain
does when you sow that. Thus if you cut the first
crop of clover you can have a large second crop to
plow under. That is the way Mr. Fagan of Connecti¬
cut does (sec page 597). He feels sure that it pays
him best to let the land stay in grass two years. The
hay crop brings in good money, and with the farm
divided between three crops you are less likely to have
a bad year than if it were in two crops — potatoes and
clover. By “buggy" we presume you mean scab. \\ e
should not feel afraid of the Potato bug, for it can
be killed by spraying. If, as we understand it, you
intend to top-dress the sod with manure and plow it
under for potatoes we should be afraid of scab from
the manure. If you cut hay two years and top-
dressed the first year there would be less danger. We
think the danger from scab would be greater with only
one year between crops than with two, though by
soaking the seed carefully and using sulphur in the
potato planter you could control most of it.

Chemicals for an Acre of Clover.

I wish to seed an acre of land to clover early next Spring.

1 intend plowing and fitting the land this Fall, sowing the
seed early In the Spring when the frost is coming out of the
ground. I shall have to use a commercial fertilizer, as I
have not enough stable manure. Can it be put on this Fall
and harrowed in. or would it be better to put it on in the
form of a top-dressing in the Spring? The soil is a sandy
loam. If commercial fertilizer is used, what proportion and
amount would It be wise to use? b. w. s.

I’lympton, Mass.

If you buy a ready-mixed fertilizer we would wait
until Spring before using it. It is reasonably safe to
broadcast potash and phosphoric acid in the Fall, but
nitrogen may be leached out before Spring. If you arc
to use the chemicals separately you can broadcast 400
Pounds acid phosphate and 100 pounds muriate of pot¬
ash this I- all, and then in the Spring apply 100 pounds
nitrate of soda or 150 pounds of dried blood. It would
not pay to use so much fertilizer on an acre in field
practice, but where a good crop is wanted on a small
field it will pay to feed well.

A CHEAP WHEAT CROP.

It has been a question with many farmers whether
it would pay to continue growing wheat here, but this
year there can be no question about it where the crop
was given a reasonable chance. 1 he cheapest and most
profitable wheat crop I know of was produced on a field
that was it. tomatoes last season. After the tomatoes
were removed the wheat was drilled without any prep¬
aration wdiatever except the thorough cultivation that
had been given the tomatoes, which really left the
ground in fine condition as a seed bed for the wheat.
1 he cost of this crop per acre was as follows :

Drilling and use of drill . $ r,()

1(4 bushel seed wheat @ $1.T)o . ”” t'b-,

200 pounds 14 per cent acid phosphate . l lib

Cutting and shocking . ‘75

3 pound's twine @ 10 Vj cents . !!.!!! ’.3:>

Stacking . '75

Thrashing and hauling . 2 40

Rent of land, or interest . ] j gjoo

Total cost. . $10.22

The yield on this field was 30 bushels per acre, mak¬
ing the total cost only a fraction over 34 cents per
bushel. True, this result might not be duplicated
again in many years, but there is no doubt in the minds
of those who have given it a fair trial that tomatoes
furnish the most desirable seed-bed that .can be con¬
veniently obtained for a cheap and profitable crop of
wheat f. j. h.

Canton, Ind. _

THE SQUAB BUSINESS.— When The R. N.-Y.
man announced the squab business a failure, I was
inclined to be indignant. I had just visited a man
who recently purchased an outfit consisting of two long
houses and several hundred pigeons. This man had
kept a few for a year or so, and believed there was good,
money in the pigeon business. The person of whom he
purchased hadn’t made a success, but “he didn't attend
to the needs of the birds properly.” Squabs sold at $(5,
and that figured up pretty fast. It did not cost very
much to raise a pair of squabs. I have just returned
from a second visit to this pigeon man. He is just as
confident as ever that the pigeon business will pay, but
I have to confess that his tone of voice is less firm.
“There is good money in them if you can get them to
work,” he said. He went on to state that these birds
had never been properly mated. Some of his hadn’t
produced over one pair of squabs in all the season.
Squabs are still bringing $3.75, he said, and that was
a good price. He had some that he raised last Spring
and mated himself that had already produced six pairs
this Summer. Just as soon as the season is over he
proposes to go at it and mate his pigeons. If I hadn’t
seen the notes in The R. N.-Y. about the poor chances,
I presume I should have continued to think that this
man has a good thing, and that his apparent ill-fortune
this year is due simply to the unfavorable condition, as
he described it. Had T not known The R, N.-Y.’s
statements, I suppose T should have continued to think
(hat large success is in the future. h, h. l,

v

/

lflOB.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

7 1 1

WHY WHEAT SEED “ RUNS OUT.”

The Nebraska Experiment Station gives in Bulletin 89
sortie interesting faets about seed wheat. A prevailing
notion among farmers is that after a few years a variety
of grain will “run out"; that is, lose its vitality or
power to produce good crops. This weakness has been

AN ATTRACTIVE SEEDLING APPLE. Fig. 302.

charged to the variety rather than to the care of the
seed, and therefore a change of seed or “new blood" is
demanded. It is thought that a variety loses value
after being grown in a certain locality for a number of
years, and that « new variety or strain grown some¬
where else is needed. Therefore there are frequent
demands for new Seed which is imported from Kansas
or more distant States or even from other countries.
In some cases seed from Russia and other European
countries has been brought in for trial. As a result
of extended trials the experiment station makes the fol¬
lowing sensible report. The care given the seed counts
for as much as or more than the “new blood."

“Wheat from a more humid region will make a ranker
growth of straw. Wheat from a more humid region will
at first produce a larger and softer kernel, but will yield
less, Wheat from a drier region, as western Kansas,
yields nearly as well, produces a better quality of wheat,
but is very much more subject to the fungus disease
scab, Fusarium cuimorum. It has previously been shown
that wheat p-om Kansas is more likely to winter-kill.
Consequently it is best to get seed wheat grown as
nearly as possible under the same conditions as those
under which it is expected to be planted, although it
may be desirable under some conditions to bring seed
from west to east in the same latitude. 'I bis is being
investigated further. Wheat should yield better the
longer it is grown in one locality. If it does not, if it
shows signs of running out, it simply means that proper
care has not been taken. All wheat seed should be
thoroughly fanned to free it from small, shriveled, light
weight kernels and all foreign seeds. Wheat for seed
should not be allowed to get wet. It should never be
stored in deep bins with the grain for market, where it
is liable to become heated, but should be stored in dry,
shallow, well ventilated bins. If such care is taken,
wheat in this region will - not decrease in yield when
grown in the same locality, provided proper crop rota¬
tions, methods of manuring and tillage are followed to
maintain the fertility of the soil.”

HOW TO HEAT A LETTUCE HOUSE.

I have a building 27x70; the north 12 feet is used as
henhouse, the south 15 feet as a lettuce house. The south
plate 15 inches above ground, north plate, eight feet; glass
butted in grooved sash. Cellar under east end of henhouse
12x18 feet for heating plant. I "have tried heating with
upright four-horse boiler for hot water, but found it a fail¬
ure, and now wish to try brick furnace with coil enclosed,
and the question is how large an oven and how many feet
of two-inch pipe will it take in the coil to heat the house
in 30 below zero weather. How many water pipes, and how
should they be placed, and how should it be changed in case
I extend the house 30 feet? w. h.

Spring Green, Wis.

The coil boiler is a quick heating and economical
method for an apparatus of this size, but such a boiler
is not so durable as a cast iron boiler, the pipes of which
it is composed being liable to corrode at the joints.
The coils for such a boiler should be about five feet
long, and the amount of pipe therein totaling (30 feet
of the two-inch pipe. The coils should be set in the
brickwork with a rise of three to four inches toward
the flow or outlet pipe, the cool water being returned
from the greenhouse to the lower end of the coil. As
a temperature of 45 to 50 degrees would be ample for
growing lettuce, six runs of two-inch pipe in each divi¬
sion of the building ought to provide sufficient heat in a
structure of the height specified, it being understood
that there is a close partition between the two compart¬
ments of the building, and that the construction is rea¬
sonably good. In regard to the arrangement of the
pipes it may be said that they would occupy the least
space if placed one above the other in a vertical coil
of three pipes '-arried all ground the house, the flo\y

pipe from the boiler being carried to the high side of
each compartment, and there connected to the three
pipes by means of a manifold, a similar connection being
made to the return pipe. The chief objection to the
vertical coil is found in the fact that it does not heat
as evenly as the horizontal coil, the hot water flowing
more rapidly to the upper pipe from the manifold than
it would to those on a lower plane. A rise of six to
eight inches should be given to the pipes in the length
of the house, and an expansion pipe should be provided
for the escape of air from the piping, or else small air
cocks should be inserted in the pipes at the highest
point, the supposition being that a feed tank of some
description is placed over the boiler in the henhouse, and
the feed pipe connected to the return pipe near where
it enters the boiler.

To provide for a future extension of the building,
with the corresponding extension of the coils of pipe,
each run of pipe should have a union fitting near the
high end of the run, thus permitting each pipe to be
readily taken apart and extended. Some fitters prefer
to use flange unions in such work, but the flange union
is a clumsy looking fitting, and 1 prefer to have a screw
union for any pipe up to two inches in diameter. The
horizontal coil arrangement of the piping would occupy
12 to 13 inches in width for the three pipes, unless they
were coupled very closely, and would thus reduce the
available space in the lettuce beds to that degree. It
would seem that with so flat a roof as that described, the
use of butted glass would not be very satisfactory, and
that a lapped roof would not leak so much, but of course
much depends upon the care given to its construction.

_ ' w. H. TAPLIN.

REGIONS WITHOUT PEACH YELLOWS .

Is there a section of country where peaches are grown
in the United States where the yellows has not appeared?

MEAD’S SEEDLING PLUM. Fig. 303.

I have been told that in California it is not. known, lias
any remedy ever been found for this disease? Is it consid¬
ered contagious? Can the disease be transmitted through
the seed? Do you know of any nurseries that insure against
the disease in their stock? We live in the peach growing
part of this State and peach growing was fust becoming the
leading industry, but the yellows has taken hold of many
orchards, and is putting a damper on the peach business.

I have several boys who think of clearing off part of a
mountain near here and putting out a lar^e peach orchard.
It is thought the land is well adapted to the growth of the
peach, and some persons think the yellows would not be as
likely to at'tack the trees in such a location as on lower aud
poorer land. Most of the soil is a mass of loose gravel,
or more like finely crushed limestone shale, easily plowed,
will not wash, and well mixed with black humus. An or¬
chard near Keyser. in Mineral County, on similar land, is
one of the finest I ever saw and 1 have not heard of any
yellows in it up to this time. Most of the peaches from
this section are shipped to New York and this year are
bringing a fine price. s. h. w.

Romney, W. Va.

There are some parts of the country that Peach yel¬
lows has not yet reached, especially in the Central and
Western States. There are publications on this subject
issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, with
maps showing where the yellows has been found, and
it would be well to send there and ask for them. There
is no remedy known for Peach yellows after it gets into
a tree. It is a contagious disease, and is commonly
transmitted by natural means, although in just what
way or ways is yet largely a mystery. It is transmitted
from tree to tree, and from orchard to orchard, but
whether by the wind, by insects or how is not known.
It can be and has repeatedly been transmitted by con¬
tact of the branches and by budding. It is thought to
be caused by germs, but scientists have never deter¬
mined this point certainly ; at least, they have not found

the specific germ of this blight. No location or kind
of soil may be properly considered as able to produce
trees that will be exempt from Peach yellows. 1 he
kind of land described that is found in the mountains
of West Virginia and elsewhere in that region is good
for peaches, uS I know by frequent visits there. I have
been in the orchard mentioned that is located near
Keyser. It is .one of the best I ever saw, although the
surface of the ground was almost literally covered with
broken stones. It would probably be well to set similar
ground to peach orchard, provided there is access to
good shipping privileges. However, much depends on
the man or men behind the trees. h. e. van deman,

A PROMISING LATE PLUM.

A very distinct and promising seedling Japan plum
sent us by H. O. Mead, Lunenburg, Mass., is shown in
Fig. 303. The specimens were received during the hot
and trying week ending September 9 in the best of mar¬
ket condition. Mr. Mead thinks it the Elberta of Japan
plums, early in bearing, highly productive, good size,
attractive appearance and unusually good shipping qual¬
ity. The color is light reddish purple, smooth and at¬
tractive; flesh yellow, firm, but juicy; stone small,
semi -cling. Quality very good, hardly acid enough for
some tastes. We should consider it an excellent market
and cooking plum. Season late August.

A GOOD NEW APPLE.

One of the most attractive apples ever received at
The R. N.-Y. office is shown in Figs. 302 and 304. 1 lie

originator, William Perry, Cool Spring, Del., gives us
the following details ;

This beautiful seedling apple has borne almost continu¬
ously for some years on my place. Fruit very bright, clean,
red, and quality I think very good for an eating apple. The
usual season is September 10 to 20. but this year it is earlier.

I have sent some of late to the New York market, and it
has outsold any other in about 300 packages sent there ;
sells well in home market. I have picked so far this season
1(! five-eighths baskets, and am sure there are six or eight
more to pick. I would like you to test the eating qualities
of the apple, and give me your candid opinion as to its
value. It has never been propagated. The tree is a very
vigorous, healthy grower, of a spreading habit, inclined to
overbear, as it has done this season ; should average much
larger. Tree is about 10 years old. My apple crop this
season is the best I ever grew. Apples are fair, free from
worms, and trees are about to break with their loads of
fruit. In this respect, I believe Delaware is exceptional.

The color of the specimens tested was bright clean
red. flesh white, tender, juicy. Flavor, sweet and
sprightly, not the cloying sweetness of some early varie¬
ties. but a pleasant, refreshing quality liked by all.
There is a huge vacancy in city markets that could be
filled by such apples^ _ _

CHANGING WELL TO CISTERN.

I have an old well about 30 feet deep, which is no longer
needed for that purpose. Could it be filled, partly, making
the bottom solid enough to change it into a cistern, and
how could it best be done? How would you proceed to ce¬
ment a brick-walled cellar to keep out the water? Water
seems to come in through the wall. c. F. h.

Upland. Ind.

I think that this well can be changed into a cistern.
Fill in with earth or stones, but let there be two or three
feet thickness of stones on top. It would be best to
allow several months to elapse after filling in order to
give it a chance to settle. Make a concrete or grout
of cement and coarse sand, and make it very thin, so
that it will run readily. Flush the stone bottom with
this to make a solid foundation, and then cement the
bottom and sides of the well with cement in the way
that it is ordinarily done in constructing cisterns. In
work of this kind it is best to employ an experienced
mason, who will know from the nature of the \valls
just how to mix the cement and how to apply it. The

SECTION OF SEEDLING APPLE. Fig. 304.

cellar can probably be made tight by painting the walls
with a paint made of the best Portland cement and
water. Apply with a whitewash brush in a dry time.
Allow the first coating to dry and then apply. If this
will not stop it procure some asphalt, heat until it is
of the consistency of paint, and apply to the walls in
the same manner as (he liquid cement. This will stop
the oozing through of the water, but asphalt is not a§
easy to obtain as ceirient, C>i DAVIS.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 30,

7 I 2

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
1 lie name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our >advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Curing Early -Dug Potatoes.

M. N. (!.. Xenia, O. — Should early-dug po¬
tatoes be cured in the open air before stor¬
ing in cellar for Winter?

Ans. — We would let them stay outside
long enough to dry, and then pick up and
store as soon as convenient.

Clipping Alfalfa for Winter.

J. A. D., Gladstone, N. J. — I sowed one-half
acre of Alfalfa August 1 ; it is now from six
to eight inches high. Would it be best to clip
it this Fall, or let it be as It is? How late
would it be safe to clip it, if best to do it?

Ans. — We would wait until the Alfalfa
is one foot high, then clip it and leave the
clippings on the ground.

When To Cut Corn.

D. F. II., New York. — I never raised Hint
corn till this year. I am a city man and
planted one acre; hoed thoroughly to kill
weeds ; did not care so much for fodder as for
corn in the ear, so every stalk that had no
ear started I broke down — lots of them. Must
I wait till stalks are white and seemingly
good for nothing as feed before cutting up?
Does the kernel perfect itself after stalk is
cut up?

Ans. — The chances are that you broke
down many stalks that would have made
ears later. For the best there is in both
stalk and grain the corn can be cut just
after the ears have glazed over. That is
v/hen the kernels have a thin covering
which bursts when pressed between the
thumb nails. The kernels at this stage
are full of a white milky mass. Cut
then and left in small bundles or shocks
the stalks and ears will cure and make
good feed. If for seed corn we let the
stalks stand longer — until the grain is
hard.

Sterile Satsuma Plum.

E. S„ Clinton, Conn. — Every season my
Satsuma plum tree is full of blossoms, but
not a plum sets. This has been the "ase for
the past seven years. Ail my other Japanese
plum trees yield in plenty. A Satsuma tree
on a neighbor’s place does as mine does ;
blossoms in profusion, but never a plum
forms. Can you tell the reason and suggest
a remedy ?

Ans. — The Satsuma plum is a very
uncertain but often an abundant cropper,
many trees having imperfect blossoms,
and cannot pollinate themselves. The best
varieties to plant near Satsuma are Red
June, Burbank, Abundance and Normand,
as they bloom at the same time and pro¬
duce an abundance of pollen that is ef¬
fective on Satsuma. While a Satsuma
tree is hardier the buds appear more sen¬
sitive to frost than any other Japan va¬
riety. so that the blossoms may open and
yet the flower be defective. However, if
the other good pollenizers mentioned are
planted near Satsuma will generally bear
well.

Rye to Follow Corn.

•i. C. »S’., Blairstown, X. J. — I have just
taken off an Immense crop of corn for the
silo. As near as I can estimate we have had
'll tons to the acre. It seems best in getting
my fields in the right succession of crops to
put. I his Held in corn again next year, and I
do not wish lo deplete the soil. I can give
il a covering of manure, but I am hoping
in plow down a green crop of rye. Would it
be advisable to sow a crop of rye to be
plowed down in the Spring, when we plow for
corn, or would the rye be likely to keep the
moisture from rising next season? I sowed
cow peas and turnips with the corn at the
last cultivation, but the corn crowded every¬
thing else out with the exception of a few
stalks of peas.

Ans. — We would sow the rye, not ex¬
pecting to add fertility to the soil, but to
save what is now there after the corn is
cut. There should be some living crop
growing during the Fall on land that was
well manured, otherwise much soluble ni¬
trogen will be leached out and lost. We
would use the manure also. Rye does not
keep die moisture from rising, but when
plowed under without packing down it ad¬
mits too much air to the soil, and thus
dries il out. After plowing the rye
should be rolled or packed down hard,

and the soil above it fitted for the seed.
When packed in this way the rye will
hold moisture like a sponge.

Vioiets in British Columbia.

C. W. W., Nelson, II. C. — I planted 3,000
or 4,000 Russian violets in the open last
Spring, hoping to get some flowers for the
Northwest market. Will you give a method
of culture which will insure them growing
long stems to the flowers?

Ans. — As regards violet growing here
in British Columbia, I can say from ex¬
perience that it is far from being a good
climate for them in the Winter, as we
get so much dull, wet weather. We do
not grow them at all ; there is only one
man here who grows them to any ex¬
tent, and that is a wholesale grower in
Victoria. He grows Princess of Wales;
the Russian violets have too short stems.
They are all right here in March and
April out of doors. I should advise the
inquirer not to invest too largely in it,
as the people in the Northwest can get
better stuff from Toronto and Brampton
than from the coast, and not nearly so
far to ship. If he intends growing them
for Winter cut he will certainly have to
grow them under glass and have it heated
to keep out the damp, and should get on
as high a location as possible.

R. WITHERS.

Treatment of Dahlia Roofs.

J. A. C., Moreland, N. Y. — Wbat is the
required treatment we should give the Dah¬
lia bulb? Can the bunches be separated in
the Fall to remove dirt?

Dahlia roots should not be disturbed
until the tops have been killed by frost.
As soon as the leaves are blackened cut
off the tops three or four inches from the
ground, and lift on a dry day, taking care
not to break the clumps of tubers. As
the new growth starts in the Spring, not
from the tubers themselves, but from eyes
or growing points where the tubers join
the stem, it will not do to cut them apart
in the Fall. The bunches after lifting
should he dried in a shady place without
attempting to remove the dirt between the
tubers, then packed in boxes upside down
to prevent sap from gathering in the hol¬
low stems, and stored in any warm, dry
cellar free from frost, where potatoes can
be safely kept. In the Spring buds will
start where the tubers join the stem, and
the clumps may then be separated into
as many portions as there are growing
buds. Each will make a separate plant
that should grow and bloom finely the
following Summer.

Gummosis; San Jose Scale; Crown Call.

O. II. B., Hattiesburg, Miss. — 1. Will you
tell me wbat is the matter with a peach tree
when the gum runs out nearly all over the
body, and ’way up into the limbs? Many
of my neighbors lost all their trees, and mine
are nearly all dead. The trees linger along
for two or three years, and finally die. I
have tried lime and other things, but no
good ; have examined with magnifying glass
and can find no worm or other animal life.
Do you know of any remedy? Trees are
headed low and kept well cultivated. 2. How
do you tell when a tree is infected with
San Jose scale? 3. What is a crown gall?

Ans. — 1. The trouble with your peach
trees is probably gummosis, which is
really more of a weakened condition than
a regular disease. The bark breaks open
and gum comes out of the cracks, the tree
declining in vitality all the time. 1 his is
often the result of hard freezing during
die Winter or the attacks of the San
Jose scale and other scale insects. There
is really no treatment, except to destroy
the tree and plant a new and healthy one
in its place. If the gummosis is confined
to the branches, while the trunk remains
comparatively sound and healthy, it may
be well to cut them off and allow a new
head to form, but if the trunk is diseased
it is best to destroy the whole tree.
2. The only way to detect San Jose scale
is by a careful examination with a mag¬
nifying glass. It is a little gray scale
about the size of a pin head, and forms
dirty-looking crusts all over the plant,
greatly weakening and finally killing the
tree. 3. Crown gall is a cancer-like dis¬
ease of the trunk of apple or other fruit
trees. Just below the surface of the
ground a soft, corky swelling appears, and
grows sometimes to a considerable size.
After a vear or two this rots out and de¬
cays, killing the tree. It can easily be
detected by digging the soil down to the
large roots. If there is much swelling
there the tree is diseased and would bet¬
ter be destroyed.

NEW UNDERWEAR IDEA.

People Jlay Now Wear Dollar Garments
for Fifty Cents.

The readiness of the people of the United
States to welcome a new idea has found fresh
illustration in the reception accorded the new
style of underwear which is having such an
unusual sale. It is called Vellastic Utica
Ribbed Fleece Underwear.

This underwear has the peculiarity that its
name implies, combining an elastic rib on one
side with a soft fleece on the other. The fleece
absorbs the heat, while the rib. yielding to
every motion, allows it to escape slowly, thus
affording protection against chills and colds.

UticA'

Made under Fabrn.
Pat603l64ADr2F'Qf-

Men who appreciate the comforts and advan¬
tages of snug, close-fitting underwear, prefer
the Vellastic Utica Ribbed Fleece to any other
make. Prices are as follows : Men’s and wo¬
men's garments 50c each ; children's sizes In
^ •* n C5*W( union suits at 50c
, t /_ or in two piece suits

I - ' * v_A. Uat a garment.

The trade mark,
Vellastic Utica Rib¬
bed Fleece, is sew¬
ed on every gar¬
ment. If your deal¬
er does not have it
write us, giving us
his name. P»ooklet
and sample of fabric

free. Utica Knitting Company, Utica, N. Y.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray I’urup earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
tbeir defects and then In¬
vented THU ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise B
on Spraying— FREE. *

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

YOU NEED THIS

PRACTICAL GRINDER

Sharpens knives, axes, scissors, scythes, sickles,

chisels, and all
edged tools in one-
tenth the time and
much better than a
grindstone. Grind¬
ing wheel 4 inches
in diameter with I
inch face, made of
carborundum — the
hardest and fastest
cutting abra s i v e
known. Grinds
without burning
and will not draw
temper. The Prac¬
tical turns easily
and cannot get out
ot order. Clamped
to a table or bench
and ready for use
in a minute. Saves
its cost many times
yearly. Send f o r
circular. A few
good a g e n ts

ROYAL MANUFACTURING CO„
226 F. Walnut St., Lancaster, Pa.

wanted.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Ea>-ly A ppT pC
have paid well this season. We Hi I U-/JAO
have a tine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

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When you write advertisers mention The
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K FRUIT BOOK

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hedge: plants.

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DAWCV Mine. Perret. Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
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D ^5 A I C — Crimson Clover Seed,
■ ■ w Lb EL. $5.50 per bushel; Cow

Peas. $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

COR SALE, -Thirty bushels Winter Wheat. Will
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FARM, Harrison, N. Y. Charles Furthmann, Prop.

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EED WHEA

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Jones Wheats Lead

New Wheat Mammoth Amber Giant of the Wheat
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JONES THE WHEAT GROWER, Le Roy, N. Y.

CHOICE SEED RYE.

Our SEED RYE is grown on sandy soil and produces
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Sample on application.

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OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

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TREES

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THE TREE BREEDERS.

ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y.

ioo.r>.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

7 1 3

PEACHES FOR NEW JERSEY.

With us the Elberta is the king of
peaches. In planting an orchard of 1,500
trees last Spring, at least 1,000 of them
were Elberta. I have heard it was sub¬
ject to leaf-curl, but as yet we have had
no bother with it. For quality it may not
rank first, but it surely does as a money¬
maker. HORACE ROBERTS.

Burlington Co., N. Y.

ties as would more. On my residence lot
I have a single Kieffer that bears well
each year. There is no reason why isola¬
tion from companions of the same variety
should work harm. R. o. graham.

CUTTING CLOVER FROM WHEAT
STUBBLE.

April 1, 1896, by mistaken orders, one
of our men sowed a double portion of
clover and Timothy seed on six acres of
growing wheat. The wheat was cut the
July following; September 1 the clover in
blossom was cut, stubble and all, close
to the ground, and drawn to the barn
(five or six loads) for Winter feed. July

I, 1897, we cut a. heavy crop of mixed hay.

September 1, 1897, we cut a second crop,
mostly clover. July 1, 1898, we cut 18
loads of clean Timothy hay. September
10, 1898, cut seven or eight loads of Tim¬
othy rowen. In the five cuttings we must
have secured 30 or more tons of dry hay
and rowen, and all from the one seeding
without any fertilizer whatever. After
the wheat was sown Fall of 1895, super¬
phosphate was used liberally. 'I his
ground had been used to grow nursery
stock, pear and other trees and had not
been cleared long. It was good enough,
however, to grow 150 bushels of ears of
corn per acre, and had done so previously
to nursery crop. F. M. p.

Cayuga Co., N. Y.

PROTECTING CHERRY TREES.

I note an article in The R. N.-Y. by

J. H. S. asking what is the matter with

his cherry trees, and H. E. V. D. rec¬
ommends good tillage. That is all right,
but do not till them after the fruit is ripe.
When fruit of any kind ripens the buds
for next year’s crop also ripen and go
to sleep (lie dormant) until the next
Spring, and if tilled after that it may
cause the buds to awaken and put forth
bloom, as you have often seen it when
showers come after a dry spell. '1 his
bloom is a loss to next year's crop. Get
good th.ck bark (in Maryland we can
get chestnut bark), put it around the tree
from the ground up to the first limb; this
will protect it from the cold of Winter
and also from the hot sun of Spring and
Summer. I have seen a vigorous cherry
tree crack open in the Winter and the hot
sun in the Spring make a dead place one
siae of the tree. If you put bark
around the tree it will neither freeze to
crack open nor will it sunscald. This is
intended for trees under 10 years of age;
after that age they will need no protec¬
tion. T. J. s.

Home Fruit Supply. — If J. J. J., page
645, is set on planting an orchard “on
the rich black land of the corn belt” in
central Illinois, he should plant with the
expectation that his apple and pear trees
are not likely to do well on this soil, and
that the fruit they may bear will be in¬
ferior. He must expect a hard fight
against every enemy to which these trees
are subject. Our orchard is on the tim¬
ber soil. The orchards formerly around
us on the black land either are already
‘has beens” or are fast entering this
rank. But if he is determined to go for¬
ward. my advice would be in selecting 28
apple trees: Two Red June, four Duchess
of Oldenburg, four Jonathan, four Grimes
Golden, four York Imperial, two Gano,
eight Black Ben Davis. Peach : Four
Greensboro, four Hill’s Chili, four Chair’s
Choice, four Champion, four Elberta.
Plum: Two Burbank, two Abundance,
two DeSoto, two Miner, two Czar, two
Wild Goose. Pears : Four Dwarf Duchess,
two Garber, four Kieffer. Cherries: Two
Northwest, two Montrnorenci, two Early
Richmond. In proper soil and with proper
care the above array should give enough
fruit for a very large and frugivorous
family. I believe one tree of a kind
would do just as well among other varie-

ALFALFA NOTES.

Two Experiments. — May 1 we sowed half
acre, using 20 pounds of Montana seed. Soil
sandy loam ; part of this plot is sub irrigated.
We used half bushel speltz as nurse crop. For
some years a portion of the land had been
abandoned to a rank growth of Sweet clover,
not considered worth euttiug. Three years
ago we cleared it for a garden. July 1 a very
heavy growth 12 to 18 inches high, beginning
to bloom ; spelt z in the milk and some weeds
cut aud fed to cows green. August 15
clipped over a good thick stand on irrigated
part, Witch grass seeming to get the better
of the Alfalfa on drier portion. September
3 a beautiful green mat on irrigated land
three to four inches high, a fair stand and
doing well on drier portion of plot: Alfalfa
gaining over Witch grass. 1 shall disk in
more seed. I am not yet prepared to say
whether part of this plot being sub-irrigated
by a large spring made the difference or the
Sweet clover furnished the inoculated soil we
hear a good deal about. Both cuttings except
400 or 500 pounds fed gteen to the cows. An
acre of Alfalfa was sown June 5 with oats
as nurse crop, half on sandy slope, half on
bottom land, sandy loam, gravel subsoil. This
is naturally good laud, but has not been ma¬
nured for many years; had raised a fine crop
of corn in 1903, aud a crop of potatoes in
1904. Plowed the last of April, harrowed the
middle of May to kill weeds, harrowed before
sowing oats, cross-harrowed to cover oats,
and about 50 bushels hen manure and
wood ashes, 300 pounds fertilizer sown,
gone over with smoothing harrow. Alfalfa
sown, harrowed and rolled. Some people will
say we are fussy and did some needless work,
but we don’t think so. We are interested in
sheep, and intend to have some Alfalfa to feed
them. We have cut a heavy crop of oats for
hay with some Alfalfa in the bottom, and
now September 3, the Alfalfa is coming on
well. We intend to give it a coat of well-
rotted manure, and will tell you next Spring
whether it is dead or alive. We shall sow
half acre more next week, where the early po¬
tatoes were dug. c. e. b.

Southern Vermont.

600

PAGE

CAT¬

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Postage

Paid

Weeds and Maggots. — When pulling plan¬
tain when the ground is wet, make the cor¬
ner of your hoe sharp and clip just below the
surface, and you can get rid of many while
you would be pulling one, and not mar your
lawn. Serve dock the same. As for Canada
thistles, I know of no pest so easy to get rid
of. Just turn about and cultivate; make
licit, give a thin seeding of Timothy, get a
big hollow stalk, cut when half the heads
are ripe, leave a three-inch stubble, feed the
hay to the old horse, and see him pick out
the thistles with evident relish. We have
been raising a few onions with increasing
loss from maggot. Past Spring we were told
that radish sown with them would prevent
this; we gave a good sprinkling of radish
seed; result, not an onion lost. t. p.

North Hampton, N. H.

Ci.ose Garden Culture. — We have finished
a most successful berry season. We had to
plow up eight acres of last year’s strawber¬
ries. We put $300 worth of phosphate on
them. Bv the hard Winters of 1903 and
1904 we only got the picking and the price
of phosphate out of them. Last Spring I
planted the same to Columbian raspberries and
blackcaps. 1 planted every other row to
Early Onondaga potatoes; we put on one-half
ton of phosphate in the potato rows. While
they were green we dug 900 bushels of pota¬
toes. The phosphate cost us $80. We got
from 50 to 70 cents per bushel for the po¬
tatoes. We dug 100 bushels a day, besides
picking our berries. 1 could see that early
potatoes were so late that I thought there
would be no turnips this Fall, as I bought
live pounds of seed and sowed alongside ot
the raspberries. Now we will have over 1,500
bushels We are getting 40 and 50 cents per
bushel for them. r chas. siddons.

Onondaga Co., N. YT.

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THE

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444 S. Salina Street.

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When you write advertisers mention The
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7 1 4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 30,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Prickly Pear Fruits. — In Figs. 300
and 301, page 710, are shown, in average
natural size, Tuna fruits or prickly pears,
as sold from Italian fruit stands during
late Summer in some of the large eastern
cities. Commercial prickly pears are
fruits of cultivated varieties of two well-
known species of cactus, Opuntia Tuna
and O. Ficus-Indica, mostly grown in Si¬
cily and other Mediterranean localities,
where they form an important food staple.

1 hese fruits are retailed in New York at
about the price of bananas, but find little
favor except among Italians, who consume
them freely. The best Tunas sold here
are yellow in color, with mealy, swee*.
reddish-colored pulp, containing a num¬
ber of hard seeds. The flavor is peculiar,
comparisons of different varieties ranging
all the way from the taste of ripe peaches
to that of cucumbers and even stewed
carrots. Tuna fruits are regarded as
highly nutritious, as they contain much
protcid matter, and quite 14 per cent of
sugar. In Sicily, Mexico and Algeria the
prickly pear is a really important crop,
the peasants living almost entirely on the
fruits for several months each year. Va¬
rieties are said to differ much in quality,
certain ones being highly agreeable to
most tastes, and in others the seeds are
compacted in a mass in the center com¬
parable <o a peach stone. Others have
scarcely any seeds, and a few are almost
spineless. Tuna fruits are usually eaten
raw. hut are made into preserves and
pickles where extensively grown. Most
varieties are plentifully sprinkled with
fine but sharp spines that are very irri¬
tating to the skin. These spines are par¬
tially removed by rubbing with cloths or
straw, by washing or singeing before the
fruits are marketed, but enough usually
remain to make it warm for the incautious
handler. As prepared for the table in
Brazil, where the writer first made ac¬
quaintance with edible cactus fruits, a
slice was cut from each end and a slit
made lengthwise through the spiny rind
to connect the cut ends. One could thus
peel back the rind with a fork and eat
the pulp without getting fingers and
mouth full of pins and needles.

A Great Traveler. — The fruiting
species of cactus above mentioned, though
originally found in Mexico and the West
Indies, have traveled to all parts of the
semi-tropical vvorld, and are now so thor¬
oughly naturalized in many distant places
that they have become troublesome weeds.
This is particularly the case in Australia
and southern Africa. The parent species
can no longer he distinguished in most
fruiting varieties, and it is thought there
are many hybrids in cultivation between
these two Opuntias. In general the fruits
of O. Ficus-Indica, the true Indian fig.
are larger and more acid than those of
O. Tuna, but those of the latter often
have the best flavor. Where cultivated
they are planted on sandy or rocky up¬
lands, and are surprisingly productive,
yielding as much as nine tons of fruit per
acre. Joints or cuttings are planted six
or more feet apart in furrows made all the
way from six to 15 feet apart. Little till¬
age is needed, as they soon grow strong
enough to shade the land and smother out
all other growth. Plants begin to bear in
about three years, and continue with the
greatest regularity for an indefinite time.
Hundreds of acres of almost barren land
in Sicily are thus converted to profitable
use. Prickly pears or Tunas are sold
very cheaply where they are grown. The
usual price in the interior of Mexico is
18 to 25 for a cent. In Algeria and Sicily
they are, in season, the most economical
of fruits.

often occur from direct injuries from this
source, but the animal declines, and may
be lost because it is not able to consume
sufficient quantities of the food. The
herder at such times comes to the rescue
and softens or gets rid of the spines by a
variety of local means, by slashing or
chopping by hand or machine, by fermen¬
tation. by steaming and most effectually
by burning or singeing. When chopped
by hand or machine the spines are
less harmful, but cause some incon¬
venience to cattle not accustomed to pear
or cactus browsing. When steamed or
fermented the spines are softened and
made harmless, but a portion of the food
value of the product appears to be lost.
Burning or singeing sufficient to remove
the spines puts the plant in the best con¬
dition for use, making a practical feed for
hogs and sheep as well as for horned cat¬
tle. It will not alone maintain cattle in
health and weight, but must be fed with a
due proportion of concentrated nourish¬
ment in the form of grain, bran or oil
cake. Cattle may, however, be tided over
considerable periods of drought or range
famine on chopped or singed pear alone,
though with an appreciable loss of
strength and weight. It is found that
oxen may be worked almost indefinitely
on a diet composed very largely of pre¬
pared prickly pear, and that milch cows
thrive well on 50 to 00 pounds pear a day
if given plenty of other nutritious feed.
On the whole, these spiny, drought-defy¬
ing plants are of the highest value where
they thrive, and greatly increase the range
capacity of semi-arid countries.

The “Spineless Cactus.” — A great to-
do has been made in papers and maga¬
zines engaged in disseminating sensational
mis-informa-tion over the announcement of
the "creation” of a spineless cactus in
California. I his wonder, which contains
half the nutriment of Alfalfa, is to trans¬
form deserts into blooming pastures, and
graze cattle enough in the waste places
of the West to feed the people of the
earth. As a matter of fact, cacti with few
or no spines are not particularly uncom¬
mon. Our Department of Agriculture ha->

, long been collecting spineless species.
Luther Burbank has successfully hybrid¬
ized a spineless kind with a large-grow¬
ing, almost hardy, spiny species, and has
now spineless seedlings estimated to
weigh 500 pounds. Plant breeding, in¬
cluding hybridization and selection, does
not "create” new characters, but develops
and emphasizes already existing features
and occasionally unites them in useful
new combinations. Spineless cacti have
always existed, but the known species are
usually small. Opuntia Ficus-Indica, the
fruiting Indian fig, is more inclined to
suppress its spines in cultivated varieties
than other large kinds. A few Italian va¬
rieties bear smooth fruits and have almost
spineless joints. A large, really spineless
cactus would be of value as forage only
where it would be profitable to inclose and
cultivate the plants. On the open range
it would soon be exterminated, as every
passing animal would browse it. Prickly
pear is of special importance as range
forage, because of the forbidding spines
that protect it except in actual famine pe¬
riods So massive and abundant are the
thickets in portions of Texas that 80 acres
have supported 800 head of cattle for si,x
months during a prolonged drought.

Prickly pear is not cultivated for forage
in this country. It is a natural product,
though efforts have been made to extend
thickets by scattering cut joints over the
soil, where they eventually take root and
form new plants, but the spiny armor is
relied on to protect them until needed for
tiding over a period of stress Cacti are
grown for forage in a small way in some
of the thickly populated Mediterranean
countries, and the time may come when
they will be needed here. Burbank's spine¬
less variety and others to be developed
by coming experiments may be needed,
but they will have to be grown under
protection, as are all cultivated forage
crops, and may thus cost about all they
are worth. w. V. F.

Use for Forage. — Large-growing cactus
plants have been used, in the semi-arid
regions in which they most freely grow,
from the earliest times, for hedging, and
in periods of drought for cattle forage.
The fruit-producing Opuntias are special
favorites for both purposes, from their
free growth and formidable spines on the
one hand, and for the succulent and nutri¬
tious character of the stems and joints
after the spines are disposed of, on the
other. On account of the sharp and irri¬
tating spines covering every part of the
plants above ground, cattle seldom browse
cactus plants — always called “pear” on
the ranges as a handy term for prickly
pear — when other roughage can be ob¬
tained. but in stress of drought, when
grasses and unarmed herbage of all kinds
dry up, they attack the juicy pear joints,
but are soon disabled by' the pain and in¬
flammation caused by the needle-like
spines that pierce lips, tongue and portions
of the digestive organs. Death does not

JONES PAYS
FREIGHT

Wagon $

ON TRIAL

ALL IRON. STEEL AND BRASS
Jones Box No.331 ■ Binghamton, n.y.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

When you write advertisers mention Tjie
K. X.-y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

gj&pKT YOUR IDEAS

$100,000 offered for one In-
venlion; $8,500 for another.
yK Book “How to Obtain a Patent" and
fjjjm "What to Invent" sent free. Send
rough sketch for free report as to
f patentability. We advertise your
patent for sale at our expense.

“ Chandlee & Chandlee, Patent Attorneys,
979 F. Street, Washington, D. C.

p L H I' I LI /. E K LIME cheaper than Phosphate.
* Manufactured by Walton Quarries, Harrisburg, Pa.

HARVEY XXX BOLSTER SPRINGS

will carry ANY' load safely over any road. They are
inexpensive and save their cost ou wa^on and Har¬
ness in a short time. < 'all on your dealer or send to
us for catalog, with free offer.

HARVEY SPRING GO.

103 K Murray Ave. Karine Junction, Wls.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed bi*

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
S» a lions. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Inseeti-
eldp. 5'i-lb. kegs. $2.50; l(KI-tb. kegs. $4. M): half barrel.
270 lb.,3%eper i b ; barrel.425 lb..3!*c. Send for booklet.

•JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Free Sample of
Amatite Ready Roofing

A M. A T I T E is a proposition with
plenty of daylight on it. We not only
send at any ones request a
free sample and booklet,
but we go further, and in
that booklet we name
frankly and candidly the
materials that are used,
and describe the process
of manufacture.

Here, for instance, is a
quotation from our book¬
let, “How is your
Roof" :

“ Amatite" Roof¬
ing consists of two
sheets of wool felt,
saturated with pure Coal Tar.
These are cemented together with
straight-run Coal 'far Pitch."

That is the kind of a thing a buyer
wants to know. Its the kind of thing
most manufacturers won’t take pains to
tell the buyer

We believe in telling everything we
know about AMATITE.

Amatite on a 1'ark Building.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

ha» been rued by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays (
all pain, cures wind coUc. and Is the best <
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

Positive, Comparative, Superlative.

“I have used one of your Fish Brand
Slickers, for five years, and now want
a new one, also one for a friend. I
would not Be without one for twice the
cost. They are just as far ahead of a
common coat as a common one is
ahead of'nothing.”

(Sinic on. application.)

Be sure you don’t get one of the com¬
mon kind— this is the
mark of excellence.

A. J. TOWER CO.,

BOSTON, U.S.A.

TOWER CANADIAN CO., Limited,

TORONTO, CANADA. 352

Makers of Wet Weather Clothing & Hats.

Its wearing qualities time will prove to
you. Here is a little story on that point
which is worth telling. In October,
1904, we put a sq. foot of AMATITE
out on the stone ledge of an eighth story
window in a New York Office building.
It was an extremely unfair test to apply
to any roofing. It .was exposed to all
the violence of winter storms sweeping in
direct from the Atlantic, there being no
buildings anywhere near that could act as
a shelter. In summer the heat on it was
often terrific. It was not even weighted
down and the rain water soaked it from
below, whereas in actual use the underside
would have been always dry. Sometimes
it was completely encased in ice.

About a year later we took in the sam¬
ple and examined it. It was actually im¬
possible to discover any trace of wear.
It had not become the least brittle, the
edges had not curled, it was absolutely
identical in color, appearance, pliability,
and toughness with a new sheet of
AMA FITE and after we had washed off
the dust it was impossible to distinguish
the old from the new.

Here’s one more point which the ex¬
perienced ones will appreciate. .AMA¬
TITE requires no coating or painting.
It costs nothing to maintain and you can
lay it yourself. Send for the free sample
and booklet to our nearest office and judge
for yourself. If you do this your future
roofs will all be of A M A T I T E.
Barrett Manufacturing Co., New York,
Chicago, Philadelphia St. Louis, New
Orleans, Cincinnati, Allegheny, Kansas
City, Cleveland. Minneapolis

RUBEROID is absolutely water¬
proof, resists fire, is easy to apply,
requires no expensive attention, and
the cost is less than that of metal
or shingles.

The reputation of (lie Standard
Faint Company stands behind its
quality. Try it side by side with any
other prepared roofing and the re¬
sults will be more convincing than
our arguments.

Our advice is at your command.
Write for samples and Booklet R.

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple In construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Kales all kinds of
bay and straw. Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co.. Box 1 1. Cobleskill. N.Y.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MANUFACTURERS,

lOOWiiliam Street, New Yor

Saves the life of many horses
Pratts Prepared Fever Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

1965.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

7 1 5

Hope Farm Notes

Spraying Matters. — 1 spoke last week ol
using a new spraying mixture ol resin and
kerosene. It comes in tile form of a thick,
dark colored syrup which dissolves quite
well in water. Th way we used it was to
put nearly all the water we wanted in the
spraying tank and then mix the syrup with
about three times its bulk of water and stir
up well. This mixture was then slowly
poured into the water through the strainer
while the agitator was turned rapidly. This
stirring was kept up several minutes. 'While
the syrup dissolves readily it is a wise plan
to keep the agitator at work as much as
possible while spraying. There was mot
much left in the strainer when we poured the
liquid through, yet I shall always strain. It
is far better to lie on the safe side. It re¬
quires less power to take a hard lump out
with a strainer than it does to blow it
through a nozzle. I have found that mix¬
tures which contain resin require extra power
to make a fine spray. We started one tank¬
ful at (10 pounds pressure, and made little
more than a squirt-gun stream. When the
pressure was raised to 100 pounds the spray
came out like a mist. Yet I think it is
worth all it means in extra work to. have the
resin in the mixture. The stuff sticks better
and, as I think, does better work. We
sprayed one day in a fog after a long rain.
The trees were wet, yet this mixture stuck
to the scales like a policeman to a thief.

trees. The orchard which I think needs
plowing is on new, rough land covered with
moss. Nothing grows there but golden rod
and coarse grass with brush and briers.
Practically all mulching material must be
hauled in from some other held. Fertilizers
and lime alone do not bring grass in. 1 am
now willing to admit that I should have
broken this field up in some way before plant¬
ing the trees, and given it fair cultivation
before seeding down. Most of the complaints
about the failure of mulching this year
come from those who have let the grass
grow in old orchards. The drought came and
seems to have hurt the trees. Some did not
cut the grass at all. while others cut
and hauled out the hay. I can understand
that a tree planted with long roots would
suffer under such conditions. Practically
all its loots are close to the surface. When
the ground bakes hard of course the tree
suffers. Under the same conditions a tap-
rooted tree would not suffer for lack of mois¬
ture, since its roots are deeper in the soil.
It would be much like clover growing strong
and green, while Timothy was dried up at
its side. One lias a tap-root and the other
a surface root. I feel confident that you
could dig up any one of my trees and find
a deep tap-root. They were root -pruned, cut
back to mere stubs and planted m small
holes. I feel very sure that this induces
deep tap-rooting and that it is an essential
part of success with the mulch method.
Some of the experiment stations are experi¬
menting with sod culture by seeding down
parts of old orchards and comparing them
with the other part, which will be welt
cultivated. This is not a fair experiment,
because the trees are all probably surface
rooted. In wet seasons the sod will hold its
own, but in a heavy drought I expect to see
the cultivated orchards come out ahead, un¬
less manure or straw is spread on the sod.
If you want a good cow you will do well to
begin with her grandfather. If you want a
good mulched orchard begin with the roots
of the tree and cut them off. Mulching makes

such a saving in labor and expense that its
true economy ought to be pointed out and
made dear.

You are trying to hedge?

Not by any means. I am after the truth,
no matter what it is. The cultivators now
begin to say that mulching “will work in
some places" — so we are all getting together.

Farm Electric Power. — A friend in Ohio
has sent me this letter :

"The remarks on page 65<> concerning the
new Edison storage electric battery were
of considerable interest to me. Two things
I would like to know: viz., the cost of an
outfit complete, and about its practical util¬
ity for farm work. 1 have the power (water)
practically unlimited about three-quarters of
a mile from the farm. Farm is level and
easily cultivated. If an electric contrivance
could utilize this power to plow, work crops
and farm machines, you see what a snap
I'd have in the saving of horseflesh.’’

A. L. C.

After much correspondence T wrote Mr.
Edison himself. It seems that while he has
completed his experiments with the new cell
so that he feels sure of it, nothing is yet on
the market. It will be Spring before the
special tools and machinery needed to manu¬
facture it can be built. It is not possible,
therefore to tell what it will cost or just
what it will do. I am promised these facts
as soon as they are ready. I fear that our
friend will be somewhat disappointed if he
expects to plow and cultivate by electric
power. Such things are possible, but we are
not ready for them until the surface of our
fields is like a macadam road. The object
in plowing and cultivating is to get as fat
as possible away from that. I think we
shall have to be content with working sta-
tionary power like cutters, saws or other
turning wheels. Possibly farm wagons can
be driven on good roads. The great merit
of t(iis new storage cell is its light weight.
As I* understand it. two men can pick ir up
w.hen stored and carry it about from place

io place. A great thought this that two
men can carry in their hands the day's work
of eight big horses or of a 4, 000-pound
steam engine!

Preparing Peppers. — Several people have
asked how our folks fix peppers for eating.
Here is what Aunt Jennie says:

"The peppers should be gathered for cook¬
ing when large and green, before commencing
to turn. To prepare for stuffing, cut off the
top for cover, using the stem for handle:
remove seeds, using a few for seasoning, if
preferred. Stuff the peppers with any kind
of poultry dressing, minced meat or potato,
onion, celery, etc., chopped fine, or any left¬
overs that make good hash. To cook, stand
upright with covers on, in a shallow pan with
a little hot water in it and bake in a brisk
oven. Take large peppers of uniform size:
make into baskets by cutting oft' top as
desired (for shape and height) : remove seeds.
These pepper shells make pretty holders for
salads of various kinds —served without cov¬
ers. For instance, take raw, tender cab¬
bage and onion in proportion to suit taste,
green peppers, a few pepper seeds and
water cress. Chop and then add ripe, well-
ilavoved apple, peeled, cored and cut in
pieces. Chop all until fine, mix with boiled
or mayonnaise salad dressing. Fill peppers
and put an extra spoonful of dressing on
top. Garnish or not with slices of boiled beet
or ripe tomato."

Our pepper crop this year has given us the
cold shoulder. Just when the ground was
right we ordered 2,000 plants. The express
company lost them and hasn't found even an
explanation yet. Then we hurried everywhere
to find more plants. We finally ordered 500.
wjiich were sent by mail. Most of the plants
lived, but when they were ready for eating
we found them hotter than any poker that
ever came out of a fire. That was certainly
a warm surprise. The market has been off
anyway, and prices were never lower. I
have a pig so lazy that he lies down to eat.
I shall have to feed him a few of our smart
peppers. H. w. c.

Does it kill them? It evidently kills most of
them, but I am not yet prepared to say that
it kills them all. We see no sign of life
through a microscope, yet living things be¬
fore now, all the way from microbes to men,
have played ’possum and upset calculations.

If comparisons have much value — which I
often doubt — this stuff leaves the trees
cleaner than any strength of K.-L. which can
lie used while the leaves are on. No man can
tell positively what the trees will do until
next year — so what is the use of making
positive statements until then? I know that
most of the scales at least appear to be
dead. After more than a week, including a
hard rain, the trees are still smooth and
oily. The foliage has not been hurt. We
have learned something about nozzles. We
started with a bunch of four at the end of
the rod. On our small trees this is waste¬
ful of spray. With two or even one we can
do better work, cover the tree more accurate¬
ly and save a good share of the spray. The
trouble 1 spoke of in getting at the stem of
low-headed trees is a real one. Winter
spraying would not be so bad, but when the
tree is in full leaf It Is hard to get at the
scales near the ground.

Farm Notes. — We began cutting corn fod¬
der September 15. While there is not much
danger from early frost we wanted this work
out of the way. Besides, the ground where
some of this fodder grew is wanted for straw¬
berries. It was first seeded to oats, which
gave a good crop of oat hay. A good coat
of manure was put on the stubble, plowed
under and planted to fodder corn In drills.
Now this is off another coat of manure will
be plowed under and the piece planted to
Marshall and President strawberries — using
strong runners from Spring-set plants. I be¬
lieve more and more in Fall setting of straw¬
berries. The condition up to November 15
are usually better than we have here in
April and May. The Fall-rooted plant starts
vigorously in Spring and, as a rule, we have
more time in the Fall. . . . Potato dig¬

ging and apple picking will now come to the
front. Our potatoes are more than a fair
crop. We have had little If any blight or rot.
Prices promise to be high, and I shall sell
what we have to spare before Christmas.
This vear in digging we throw vines and
weeds into piles, which will be hauled out
later to throw around the young fruit trees
on the hill. It seems to me best to get these
vines out of the cultivated fields, for they
are likelv to contain disease germs and in¬
sects. Everything on Hope Farm is ex¬
pected to wait for and on the orchards, and
all trash, weeds or anything that will rot
climbs up the hill and rests around the trees.

The Prizetaker onions are not so
large as usual this year — the long drought
held them and the maggots cut them hard.
There has been some discussion about the
labor of transplanting. Mr. Greiner, who
wrote “The New Onion Culture." says that
he would consider it “just play” to set. out
5,000 plants a day. We can give him a
tine chance to play in our back patch next
Spring. He would beat me out of sight.

. . . Our Baldwin apples never were better.
Most of them are already a brick red in color.
On some specimens this color has crowded
over the scale marks and nearly blotted
them out. As I go about here and there, I
find people who say this mulch method of
growing fruit is a humbug. I do not find it
so We have had the hardest test for such a
method this year that I have ever known,
as the ground baked hard as a brick for
weeks at a time. I only know that my own
apples, in an off year, are better than ever
before, and I can see no reason why I should
plow most of them up and cultivate.

No Cast-Iron Role. — You will notice that
I put in the word “most." I.ast week I met
Albert Wood of Orleans Co.. N. Y. Mr. Wood
is one of the most successful fruit growers
in this country. lie asked me if I was
willing to say publicly that this mulch_ meth¬
od, while good in some situations, will not
prove much of a success in others ! I reply
to that just as quick as I can by saying
Yes — icithout doiiht ! I have a case on my
own farm where I am satisfied that I must
plow and cultivate a peach orchard before it
will do its full duty. 1 have also orchards
of the same age. where it does not seem that
cultivation could possibly give me better

How Lamps Eat the Life

out of Air.

HERE is a Lighting Test worth
trying!

Take a common dinner plate.
Pour half a glass of water into it.
Then set an inch of candle upright in
the water.

Then light the candle wick.

Now r* turn an empty glass upside
down on the plate, over the candle
while it is still burning briskly as in
picture No. 1.

—And note what happens!

The candle will
die out a moment
after the glass has
been turned over
it. Then the water
will rush up into
the glass, from
oft the level
plate, and it

Fig. 1.

will st ay in the upside-down glass which
you can then turn over, plate upwards,
without spilling. (See Figure 2.)

Now why does the candle die out so
suddenly when the glass encloses it ?

And why does the water rush up into
the inverted glass after the candle has
been lighted in it?

Because, the flame has instantly burnt
out all the Oxygen of the Air which was
originally in the glass.

That left a vacancy where the Oxy¬
gen used to be— a vacuum.

And that vacuum caused a suction
which drew the water upward into the
glass, like a pump, to take the place of
the burnt-out Oxygen.

The candle flame died out so suddenly
because no flame can live without Oxy¬
gen-just as no Animal nor Vegetable
can live without Oxygen.

You see. the Air is about one-fifth
Oxygen.

And, when you burn that vital fifth
out of it with flame, or use it up in
breathing, you take the very Life out of
the Air. What then remains is chiefly
poisonous Carbonic Acid.

You couldn’t live five minutes in a
room that had all the Oxygen burnt
out of it.

Nor could you light a lamp, a match,
nor a fire, in a room that had not con¬
siderable Oxygen left in it to support
the flame.

If you want to prove this try the
following experi¬
ment:

Take the same drinking glass as in
previous Test and throw a lighted
match into it.

That match will burn freely.

Then light another match, breathe

outward deeply into the glass twice1
with your face pressing against its
edge closer than in picture. Then
quickly drop the lighted match into it.

The flame will, this time, die out
instantly.

What causes its sudden extinction?
Well, here is the cause: The Oxygen
you breathe inwardly, with the Air. to
your lungs, goes into your blood to
purify it.

And, the Air you breathe ouhvardly
from your lungs has therefore no Oxy¬
gen left in it to feed the flame of the
match. It is full of Carbonic Acid — full
of poisonous waste products, like the
foul Air in a room from which the Oxy¬
gen has been exhausted through lamps
or overbreathing.

You see Carbonic Acid is death to
flame, just as it is- death to Human
Beings who re-breathe it too often
without enough ventilation.

As we breathe 16 to 20
times a minute you will
readily see what happens
to our Lungs, Blood, and
System, when we burn
Kerosene Lamps, Gasoline-
Gas. orCity Gas. year in and
year out, in our living and
sleeping rooms.

These Lights burn a great deal of the
Lite out of Air— its Blood-purifying and
Germ-destroying Oxygen.

And they leave behind an injurious
excess of Carbonic Acid in the air we
must breathe after it.

* * *

Now this excess of Carbonic Acid
Gas, with want of Oxygen, in the foul
Air of a room creates six injurious
conditions:

1st,— It causes the Blood to partially
stagnate.

2nd, — It causes the Muscles to feel
Tired.

3rd,— It causes the Heart to act slowly.
4th,— It causes the Diges¬
tion to Delay.

5th,— It causes Head¬
ache, through clogging of
Blood in the Brain.

6th,— It causes Catarrh
of the Nose, Throat and
Air passages.

These are well-known, easily proved,
Facts. Ask your Doctor!

Of course, you may not have noticed
these effects at the time the Lamps
were burning, or if you did notice them
you may not have known they were
caused by want of Oxygen and excess
of Carbonic Acid.

But, you may rely upon this —

In some degree these effects are pro¬
duced every lime you burn a Kerosene
Lamp, or City Gas Jet, in the
living or sleeping room, with¬
out wide open windows that
create a draught to replace the
burnt Oxygen.

And that Lighted Lamp, or
City Gas Jet, for 365 nights in
the year, eats up, little by little,
a large share of the Energy
and Life you get from Food
and Sunlight.

That loss to your Health
amounts to more than you
probably think it does, year
after year.

Put a lighted Kerosene
Lamp in a closed up room
and it will indicate your loss.
You’ll find that lamp will
burn itself out in time, though there be
plenty of oil in the bowl and plenty of
wick in the burner.

The flame will die- out for want of
the very Oxygen it consumed.

Now .this is where Acetylene Light
comes into the story.

Acetylene Light uses up only one-
fourth as much Oxygen as Kerosene
Light, Gasoline Light, or City Gaslight
does.

And, it leaves less than a tenth as
much Poisonous Carbonic Acid in the
Air that a Kerosene Lamp, a Gasoline
Light, or a City Gaslight, of equal candle
power leaves.

Moreover ! Acetylene Gas is not
poisonous enough to give you even a
slight headache if you left a jet
turned on full pressure and unlighted,
for a whole night in your bedroom
while you slept there.

Because, Acetylene is just pure,
unadulterated Light, and nothing
else but Light. Kerosene, Gasoline,
and City Gas. are about ow<?-tenth
Light, and wfw^-tenths useless and
poisonous other things.

Acetylene, because it is so pure
and unadulterated, gives a beautiful
White Light which is almost the
same, in composition, as Sunlight.

It is so much like true, natural
Sunlight that plants and flowers
grow under its rays (24 hours con¬
tinuously night and day) just as they
grow under natural Sunlight during
the day only.

That has been proven at Cornell
University this very year — double
growth under Acetylene Light.

And, the effect of Acetylene Light
upon Human beings has been proven to
be like the effect of Sunlight upon
them, for the sell-same reasons that
it makes plants grow night and day
under its wholesome rays.

That’s one of the wonderful things
explained in a little book, called
•• Sunlight on Tap,” which I want to
send you free, it you write me tor it
today.

Tremendous im¬
provements have
been made in Ace¬
tylene Lighting
lately.

It is cheaper now
than even Kerosene
Light — a third
cheaper.

Fig. 2-

I’ll prove that for you too, — if you’re

interested.

Two million United States People now
use Acetylene Light.

They live chiefly in small Towns, and
in the Country, where Acetylene is
now found far more convenient, more
economical, and infinitely safer than
Kerosene or any other Light.

No good Farmhouse, Country Resi¬
dence. Village Home, or Village Store,
would be without modern Acetylene
Light if their Owners knew what /
know now about it, since its recent im¬
provement and reduction in cost.

And I want everyone who owns
a home or store, in Village, Town,
or Country, to write me for my free
book called “Sunlight on Tap,” which
tells some mighty interesting facts
about Reading Lights — and other
Lights.

Just tell me how many rooms there
are in your house. Then, I’ll tell you
about how much it would cost you to
light them with brilliant Acetylene,
instead of with murky, bad-smelling
Kerosene, Gasoline, or City Gas.

Think of all the daily Lamp-Cleaning,
Breakage, and Risk you could save by
getting rid of Kerosene alone!

Just address me as — "Acetylene
Jones.” 1 Adams Street, Chicago. Ill.,
and write today.

7i6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 30,

The Rural New-Yorker

TEE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

HERBERT W. Colli no wool), Editor.
Du. Walter Van Fleet, i
Mrs. k. T. Kovle, f '

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

• Associates.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 52.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8V6 marks, or 10 V6 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every ' advertisement in this paper Is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to u’s within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street. New York.

SATURDAY. SEPTEMBER 30, 1905.

THE LITTLE ENVELOPE

which you found in the paper last week may be in your
keeping yet- Did you use it? Some readers have, be¬
cause they already begin to come back. But what did
you do with yours ? I f you have not yet used it or
handed it to a neighbor, please do so now. We are
anxious that each and every one of these little envelopes
comes back with a dime and the name and address of a
new subscriber. The paper will be sent to such names
for the remainder of the year. Please see that the one
you received goes on its proper mission.

*

The contract for providing food for workers on the
Panama Canal covers the spending of $50,000,000 in
( 10 years. Contractors were required to make up a
sample bill of fare. We notice that the arrangements
for Sunday include baked apples for breakfast and
baked beans for supper. From our own experience we
might suggest that the baked beans would be better for
breakfast (with the apples), but this idea of having the
canal dug by members of the American Apple Con¬
sumers’ League is a great suggestion.

»

*

English brewers are said to be quite alarmed by the
steady decline in their returns, which indicates an in¬
crease in temperance. It is worth noting that some
of the borough councils in England are issuing official
placards on the dangers of alcoholism, signed by the
mayor and health officer. Such a placard recently
issued by the borough of Camberwell, states that alco¬
holics are especially liable to tuberculosis and all in¬
flammatory disorders, and concludes with these words :
“Alcoholism is the most terrible enemy to personal
health, to family happiness and to national prosperity.”

*

A photograph of a farm garden might show some¬
thing interesting if taken now. Such gardens are often
started with great enthusiasm in Spring. They are put
in good shape, but as other work crowds, they are
neglected. Frost finds little besides weeds and neglect.
This is too bad, for with a little better planning and a
small amount of work done at the right time the
neglected weed patch might have been made to supply
a full succession of good vegetables. If farmers could
only know once what it means to have half a dozen
vegetables always on call they would neglect almost any¬
thing else on the farm rather than let the garden go.
The garden is more useful than the henhouse for pro¬
viding food for the farm home.

*

Three weeks ago we told of a New Jersey farmer
who lost his crops. Wild deer came out of the woods
and cleaned up his farm. This man found that he had
no protection for there is no law in New Jersey which
will enable a farmer to recover damages in such a case.
The loser must pocket the loss, which means burn a
hole in his pocket ! Such things are done better in
Massachusetts. In that State, when damage is done
by deer, a farmer can notify the town officers, who must
estimate the damage. If it amount to more than $20
two appraisers are appointed, who make a fair estimate,
and the money is promptly paid by the State. This
seems reasonable, but the deer really gets more protec¬
tion than the farmer. If a farmer kills a deer he is
fined $100. He may drive the deer gently away from
his farm, but if he sets his dog on them he may be
fined $50, while the dog may be killed! The State of
New Jersey protects the deer, but refuses to give the

farmer any protection. This putting the deer above
the man is a shame, and the next Jersey Legislature

must be made to give the man a chance.

*

The most common mistake in buying a gasoline
engine is to take one that is too small or too feeble to do
the work required of it. That seems to be why many
farmers change their engines. When they first buy they
do not realize how important it is to have a reserve of
power. They are sure to strike a job with cutter or
saw or other machinery where the small engine cannot
drive the work through. The result may be a broken
machine or great loss of time. A larger engine with
power to spare could have carried the work safely
through. It is no uncommon thing to hear farmers say:
“My first engine was too small, but now 1 have one
that can do any job I have, with power to spare.” This
reserve of power is the thing that makes labor of ma¬
chinery or man successful.

*

Very few things have developed more rapidly in this
country than the business of making cement building
blocks. A few years ago there was some talk about
artificial stone, but now in nearly every large town the
blocks are being used for building purposes. We under¬
stand that this use of cement block is hurting the trade
in bricks. It could hardly be otherwise, for while brick
requires tough clay and expensive fixtures and fuel
the blocks ate made cheaply out of cement and sand. It
seems to us that a genuine age of cement is beginning,
but people must understand that making these cement
blocks is not as simple an operation as making mud
pies. Good judgment and skill are required. While
a well-made block is safe and strong building mate¬
rial, it is possible to make them so that they will
crumble, absorb water and prove a nuisance generally.

Like everything else, the value lies in the making.

*

We frequently pass one of the fashionable family
boarding houses, and almost every time with a feeling
of gratitude that our lot has been cast among those who
toil for daily bread. These people haven’t a single
thing to do. from getting up to going back to bed — .
that is, no real labor. They loll around on the veranda,
read the morning papers, sit in the hammock, read
novels, discuss the latest scandal and hatch one if there
isn't a fresh one nearby; wonder what they will have
for dinner and complain about what they had for break¬
fast. Nothing on earth will suit them; and they have
a miserable time trying to get through life. They are
really parasites, living generally on the result of some
one's else labor, and apparently are of no use in the
world except to keep the poor widow who runs the
house in such condition that she is really a bundle of
nerves, and all exposed. Most of us think we have to
work a little too hard, or harder than somebody else,
but let’s be glad about it. Tt certainly keeps us out of
mischief, gives us healthy appetites and we may do a
little good in the world.

*

The latest “consumption cure” is harmless at least.
In addition to pure air and sunshine with moderate
exercise and food that can be quickly digested, juices
of vegetables are to be taken. Dr. Russel, who advo¬
cates the new “cure,” says that he considered bread, but¬
ter and milk about the nearest to an ideal ration for
consumptives. An “unknown something” was lacking
in this diet, and this is supplied in vegetable juices.
Equal parts by weight of raw vegetables are thoroughly
cleaned, then mixed together and chopped and crushed
about as cider is made. The raw juice is taken as a
medicine. The claims made for this “cure” are as mod¬
est as its preparation. At least five years will be needed
to give it a fair test. During that time tens of thou¬
sands of farm families will take a good share of their
food out of the garden. We may cal! this new medicine
an uncooked vegetable soup. There may be some un¬
discovered principle in vegetables that will relieve con¬
sumption, as fresh vegetables relieve cases of scurvy.
Whatever effect the products of a garden may have
upon the lungs we know what the garden itself will
do for a farm. It will save money, give the doctor
time to get acquainted with his family, and point out
the way to better farming. Every farmer should try
the new “cure.”

*

At the North Dakota Fair James J. Hill told the
farmers that their great yield of wheat would scarcely
provide five biscuits apiece for the people of China.
That was his way of showing several things. The pos¬
sibilities of the markets opening up in Asia are beyond
calculation, for year by year the Chinese will demand
better food and more manufactured articles. About
40 years ago the present wheat crop of the Dakotas
thrown into the world’s markets would have ruined wheat
growers or made bread cheaper than ever known before.
Now it will provide scarcely a day’s allowance for a
single country. In this country there is comparatively
little new land left suitable for wheat culture. Any
great increase in the crop must be made bv taking bet¬
ter care of the land now in cultivation. That seems

to be the outcome. But a few years ago western wheat
growers smiled at the suggestion of hauling stable ma¬
nure, and hooted at the idea of using chemical fertilizers.
The action of the soil has taught them what nothing
else could. Manure is now saved carefully. Thousands
of manure spreaders are sold every year where formerly
farmers would move the barn rather than haul the
manure pile away! Nearly $2,00(1,000 were spent last
year in Missouri for fertilizer, and wood ashes now have
a commercial value in many places where formerly
they were thrown away. Instead of driving the eastern
farmer out of business the West is learning the eastern

idea of saving wastes for fertilizer.

*

•

At the New York State Fair farmers from all over
the State met and compared notes. It is evident that
both apple and potato crops will be short. A number
of buyers are claiming that there are apples enough for
all, and that there is no reason for high prices. The
best informed growers pay no attention to such state¬
ments, confident that there is less than 50 per cent of a
crop in sight. We were told of cases where shrewd
buyers have offered $5 a barrel for entire orchards.
There is no question about the value of good apples.
The potato crop has proved very disappointing. Blight
and rot have cut the crop as never before. In some
cases, even where growers have sprayed five times, the
vines have died when the tubers were barely half
grown. Our reports from the large potato sections of
the West also indicate a short crop, and prices ought
to rule high. We have never known a season when
the potato market varied as it has this year. The
southern crop barely paid expenses, as it met a large
surplus from the old crop. At one time the price went
down to barely the cost of the barrel and the freight.
Then growers stopped digging, and the price went up.
This induced them to dig again, and the price went
down. The price is now about 50 per cent higher than
one year ago at this time, and there is nothing in sight
to indicate lower prices.

*

A few months ago President Roosevelt called atten¬
tion to the long letters and documents sent out from
some of the Government departments, lie wanted short
letters and short words. The best way to prune such
essays is to take the stenographers away from the
writers and make them use a pen. While the printed
page holds out the large words will take the ink. In
a recent Government bulletin we find the following
choice extracts:

The intercalation of the double celled structure does not
change (lie order of nuclear events in cross-fertilization, but
it may be said to change fundamentally their chronological
and physiological relations. The true historical sequence
of conjugation is plasmapsis. kar.vapsis, and synapsis, but
the apparent and practical sequence in the higher plants
and animals becomes synapsis, plasmapsis. and kar.vapsis,
the synapsis which ends one conjugation being followed
closely by the plasmapsis which begins another. The sus¬
pension of nuclear changes for vegetative growth no longer
occurs between synapsis and plasmapsis. but between kary-
apsis and synapsis, the double-celled, paragamic structure be.
ing built, as already stated, on a new and highly sexual
plane.

Of course this information will cause a practical
farmer to drop his work the instant he sees the rural
carrier coming with the next chapter. In this bulletin
a couple of new words were coined, which are of such
thrilling interest that we sent them to the editor of
Webster’s dictionary. This is what he says :

Your remarks about the coining of now words arc certain¬
ly very apropos. As one reads modern scientific literature
ii seems sometimes as if the craze of word-formation were
becoming a real menace. The writer often wonders why some¬
one does not introduce the habit of substituting English
compounds in place of the words derived from the Greek
and Latin. This would seem to lie more in accord with the
modern spirit which neglects the old-time studies of Greek
and Latin.

Some one ought to take these scientific word makers
gently by the hand, lead them out behind the barn and
tell them a thing or two. If they prefer to fly in the
air with dead languages for an air ship we can spare
them, but people who earn their living must live on
earth and use a live language!

BREVITIES.

Now stuff the pigs.

The wood pile often plays out in October!

The worst danger in a mulched orchard is fire.

Tine idler is the bacterium who scatters laziness, discontent
and folly.

Three helpful tilings in a garden — rich soil, straight
rows and a steady horse.

Do not leave any cultivated ground bare this Fall. Get
rye into it if nothing else.

Bottled whisky “shipped with no sign on Hit' package”
is more dangerous than an open rumshop.

It seems to us a good suggestion to labor unions that in
case of voting to strike married men cast two votes.

In an average season for a family of four, using vegeta¬
bles freely, the following have been found sufficient : Peas,
CO feet of row: one-fourth dwarf, remainder tall. Beans,
snap, 30 feet. Pole I.ima, 25 hills of three plants each.
Sweet corn, early, 30 feet, of drill; medium, 70; late. 30.
Beets and carrots, 10 feet: onions, 15; lettuce. 12: squashes,
three hills Summer, fi Winter; cucumbers, 0 bills: 25 to¬
mato plants.

1505

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

7 1 7

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC. — Official reports , showed -13 new cases of
yellow fever, and four deaths September 13 in New Orleans.
Dr. White, of the United States Marine Hospital corps,
feels sure that the yellow fever in New Orleans is under
control and lias been for some time, but he has refrained
giving publicity to his opinion, fearing that it would cause
some of the citizens to relax from their steady efforts toward
eradicating the disease and prolong the battle, lie hopes
in have the fever stamped out before frost. Three of four
vases reported in Hamburg, Miss., have been diagnosed as
yellow fever. Twenty-four new cases of yellow fever and
two deaths were reported at New Orleans September 17.
Three of the new cases were brought in from the adjacent
parishes, making the lowest report since the fever began.
Among the new cases is that of Dr C’. M. Shanley of North
Dakota, who owns plantations below the city. Country
parishes report 22 new cases and oue death. September
lb low temperatures in the Texas Panhandle and frost in
New Mexico encouraged the health officers. Owing to the
i igid quarantine Instituted against Baton Rouge by East
Baton Rouge Parish, cotton is reported lo be going away
from that city and corn is being stolen or rotting in the
fields. Business men and the health authorities are trying
to relieve this condition. . . Four men were killed,

six were seriously burned, and a dozen more were stunned
bv lightning, which wrecked a crowded poultry exhibition
tent at the Warren County Fair at Indianola. Iowa,
September 14, Lightning struck the tent pole, splitting it
in two and tearing the sides of the tent into shreds. Hun¬
dreds of the chickens on exhibition were killed.

David E. Sherrick, elected auditor of Indiana in 1002 and
re-elected in 1004, has resigned his office at the demand of
(lovernor llanly. lie is short in his accounts $145,000, of
which $100,000 must be paid by the surety company bond¬
ing him. . . . Thirteen persons were killed and five

critically injured by an explosion at the Climax Fuse Works,
Avon, Conn., September 15. James Joyce was trying to
remove an obstruction from one of the machines with hot
iron, which came in contact with a fuse, and the explosion
followed. The property loss is $150,000. . . Senator

Henry S. Ambler died at Chatham, N Y., September 17.
Senator Ambler represented the Twenty-fourth Senate dis¬
trict, which includes Dutchess. Columbia and Putnam coun¬
lies. lie was born in New York city in 1830 and received
iiis education at the Mount Washington Collegiate Institu¬
tion and the City Institute, from which he was graduated
in 1853. In 1856 he moved to his father’s farm in the
town of Austerlitz, Columbia County, and took up farming.
In 1801 he became agent and steward for the New York
Institution for the Blind, a place formerly held by Grover
Cleveland. He resigned in 1800 to enter the dairy produce
business, and in 1873 he bought his father’s iarm and began
breeding Jersey and Kerry cat He. lie retired from the pro¬
duce business in 1888 and after that he devoted himself to
general farming and stock raising. He was also interested
in oil wells in West Virginia Ohio and Indiana. Mr. Am¬
bler was always an active Republican He was a Columbia
county Supervisor for ten years. In 1890 hetwas appointed
Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture and held that place
until 1899, when he took ids seat in the Senate, having
defeated James II. Russell, lie was re-elected three times,
lie was chairman of the Committee on Agriculture until this
year, when he became chairman of the Committee on Insur¬
ance. He was a member of the committees on railroads,
revision and agriculture. Senator Ambler was identified with
the agricultural interests of the State and was appointed
by Governor Morton, Black. Roosevelt and Odell as a dele¬
gate to the annual sessions of the National Farmers' Con
gress. He was vice-president of the State Farmers' Con¬
gress and of the State Farmers’ League. He was the author
of several measures for the benefit of farmers and dairymen.

The Italian American Agricultural Association,
formed to promote the distribution of emigration from Italy
throughout the agricultural districts of the United States
and especially over the undeveloped arable lands of the
Southern States, was Incorporated at Albany N. Y., Sep¬
tember 18. The principal office is In New York city. The
directors are Eliot Lord, Benjamin F. Buck, B. F. Broder¬
ick. If. W. Booth and G. R. Shroeder of New Yotk and C.
R. Borzillory of Buffalo. . . . Colonel Henry C. Dem¬

ining. a geologist, of Harrisburg. Pa., has uncovered large
deposits of uranophane and nranite, or pitchblende, from
which radium is made, in Colorado. Ills discovery will re¬
duce the price of radium from $3,000,000 an ounce to only
$1,000,000. The deposits found by Colonel Demining are In
San Miguel and La Plata counties. The deposit in the latter
lie estimates will yield 2.800.000 tons of ore, for It is more
than seven miles in length and a foot thick. A ton and a
half of this mineral will yield three grains of radium.

PANAMA. — Reports from Bogota indicate that General
Rafael Reyes, President of Colombia, backed by the army,
is ruling as dictator, having violated the Constitution bv
suspending all departments of the Government except the
Executive. It is stated that General Reyes declared himself
dictator on September 8. Ills first act was to imprison ihe
members of the Supreme Court. The specific act of this
body which precipitated Reyes’s action is not stated, but its
members are known to have offended the President by rigor¬
ous interpretation of the Constitution contrary to his will.
General Reyes bps only the army, such as it is, to support
his action. Mobs in Bogota have attacked the presidential
residence, and conflicts with the armed handful of men who
make up the army have taken place. It is reported that
tnanv have been killed and wounded. In addition to
anarchy in the capital, there is revolution in the provinces.
Popular uprisings have taken place in Antioqua and San-
lander which threaten to swell to serious proportions.
There has been a growing unrest in Colombia ever since
the successful secession of Panama. Bitterness against the
United States immediately after that event made anyone
popular who had opposed America in any way. The mass
of the people have become reconciled to the change, and
favor a policy calculated to reap for Colombia a share in the
benefits bound to come with the digging and operation of the
canal. _

CROP PROSPECTS.

As far as we can learn, there is very near a full crop
of cabbage in this part of the country.

Chicago. FROST BROTHERS.

In our immediate section there is no cabbage to speak of,
as this is not a egbbage section. We understand that in
the northern and north central part of the State there

is quite a fair crop, and that Wisconsin has a very good
crop. BENDER, STREIBIG & CO.

Cincinnati, O.

In regard to cabbage crop in this section, on account of a
poor stand and dry weather there will only be a half crop.

Clyde, Ohio. a. t. w

We have had several reports from some of our shippers In
Illinois stating that they would fall short of last year's
output, but did not know exactly how much.

Louisville, Ky. a. m. emi.er & co.

This district is usually cleaned up by October I : crop
is not large. Racine and Green Bay, Wls., the principal
cabbage districts in that State, report about 60 per cent, of
a full crop — maybe a little more. P. M. kiely.

St. Louis, Mo.

The potato crop will be the lightest this year it has been
in years, on account of the blight. Our potatoes were
planted late this year on account of wet weather: bad the
blight not struck them we would have had a fair crop,
but as it is some fields will not be worth digging. Most of
the farmers wish to sell right at digging time, as so many
lost by holding last year. J. it. a.

Coral, Mich. _

LIVE STOCK AT NEW YORK STATE FAIR .

POULTRY. — The poultry show at the New York State
Fair was larger and of better quality than any previous
show. Below is a list showing how the numbers were dis¬
tributed among the breeds, giving the most popular breeds
separate mention and grouping the rest in classes. These
figures give the whole number of birds entered and should
not be confused with the number of entries, as each entry
for pen represents five birds: Whole number of birds en¬
tered, 3,541. American: Barred Plymouth Rocks. 112;
White P. Rock. 108; Buff P. Rock, 63; Silver Penciled
P. Rock, 14. Wyandottcs, Silver, 22; Golden, 6: White.
162; Buff, 82; Black, 51; Partridge. 90; Silver Penciled.
39; Columbian, 19. Black Javas, 35; Mottled Javas, 32;
White Javas, 4. Dominiques, 40; Rhode Island Reds. 70;
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 68: Sherwoods, 4. Asiatic:
Light Brahmas, 47 ; Dark Brahmas, 42. Buff Cochins. 31 ;
Partridge Cochins. 31; White Cochins, 19; Black Cochins,
15. Black Laugshans, 23; White Langslians, 22. Mediter¬
ranean : Single Comb Brown Leghorns, 66 : It. C. Brown
Leghorns, 87; S. C. White- Leghorns, 129; R. C. White, 29;
Buff Leghorns, 77 : Black Leghorns, 62 ; Silver Duckwing
Leghorns, 19. Black Minorcas, 54: It. C. Black Minorcas,
13; White Minorca, 49; R. C. White Minorca, 14. Anda-
usians, 46 ; White Faced Black Spanish, 18. Anconas, 31 ; Eng¬
lish : White Dorkings, 29 ; Silver Gray Dorkings. 21 ; Col¬
ored Dorkings, 31. Buff Orpington, 43: It. C. Buff Orping¬
ton, 8; White Orpington, 7: Black Orpington, 16: Red
Caps. 25. Polish: White Crested Black Polish, 20: Beard¬
ed Golden, 23; Bearded Silver, 22; Bearded White. 8;
Buff Laced, 22; Non-Bearded Golden. 25; Non-Bearded Sil¬
ver, 20; Non-Bearded White, 17. Dutch: Golden Spangled
llamburgs, 18; Silver Spangled. 50; Golden Penciled. 27;
Silver Penciled, 16: White llamburgs. 16; Black llamhurgs,
21. French: Houdans, 35; Crevecoeurs. 5; La Fleche, 19.
Games: Cornish Indian Games, 15; White, 12: all other
varieties, 152. Bantams: Game Bantams. 123: Orna¬
mental, 335. Miscellaneous: Silkies, Sultans, Frizzles ami
Rumpless, 24; Guineas, 12; Pea Fowls. 6; pheasants, 8.
Turkeys: Bronze, 4; Narragansett, 2: Slate. 4: White, 8;
Black, 6. Ducks: Pekin, 12; Aylesbury. 8; Rouen, 10;
all other varieties, 74. Geese: Toulouse, 12; Embden, 8;
African, 6; Brown Chinese. 10: White Chinese. 8; all other
varieties, 10. Pigeons, all varieties, 183. Rabbits, all vari¬
eties, 6; Belgian hares, 1. .

While a large number of birds were shown by men who
make a business of following a circuit of the Autumn shows
with large strings of birds composed largely of the rarer
breeds, there were many fine exhibits by breeders who breed
but one or two of the more popular varieties; and a study
of this class of exhibits will give a fairer idea of the popu¬
larity of the various breeds. The White Wyandotte appears
easily to take the lead as a general-purpose fowl, and the
Barred Plymouth Rock, though closely pressed for second
place by the Wbii» and Buff Plymouth Rock and Buff Wy¬
andotte, seems to have a very loyal following. Of the newer
general purpose varieties the Rhode Island Red seems to be
gaining steadily in popularity, and the Partridge Wyandotte
seems to be making rapid progress. Of the heavier breeds
the Light Brahma easily takes the lead, with the Dark
Brahma, Buff and Partridge Cochins following. These
bieeds are but little bred on large poultry plants or on
fauns, but seem to fit verv well in the small yards Of the
village and suburban fancier. The White Leghorn still
stands at the head of the Mediterranean class, and is the
most popular of any breed for the esg farm. Browns and
Buffs were well represented, as were also Minorcas and
Andalusians. The 8 C Brown Leghorn takes second place
in this class, and some claim they are hardier than the
Whiles, but as a rule they are smaller and lay
smaller eggs. The English Orpington is getting quite
popular, especially the Buff, but with its light col-
oiod legs it will have a hard time in supplanting the
Plymouth Rocks and Wvandottes. The Polish, llamburgs,
French and Games seem to be popular only with a few
small fanciers and string men, hut they add much to the at¬
tractiveness and completion of a show. No doubt under cer¬
tain conditions these breeds prove valuable for eggs and
poultry, but they aro not for the practical poultryman in
taige numbers. Bantams wore well represented, and many
cilv people who have not room to keen anything else derive
great pleasure and considerable profit from these diminu¬
tive representatives of our larger breeds. The most nopular
variety seems to he the Buff Cochin. The Black Cochin,
Sebright and Rose Comb Blacks are also quite largely bred.
Turkeys, geese and ducks were shown in fair numbers, and
pigeons made a fair showing. Belgian hares seem to have
lost their popularity, as but one was shown. There was a
line exhibit of poultry appliances and foods, covering every¬
thing that a poultryman needs, and it would be hard to
think of anything in the wav of poultry supplies that can
not he bought readvmade or prepared. The cooping and
management is as good as the best Winter shows.

CATTI-E. — Most of the cattle shown were of exceptionally
good quality, and though some classes were rather light and
lacked competition, in other classes the competition was
verv keen. The following table will give the number of en¬
tries in each class, hut does not represent the exact number
of cattle, as the herd and champion entries were mostly
filled with animals that were entered singly. There were

ulso some club special entries that were filled by animals
entered in the regular classes, but these are not included in
the table: Short-Horns, 80 entries; Devons, 52; Iletefords,
18: Aberdeen Angus, 60; Red Polled, 81; Galloways, 35;
Brown Swiss, 52; Holsteiu-Friesians, 87; Ayrshires. 86;
Jersevs, 50 ; Polled Jerseys. 54 ; Guernseys, 36 ; French
Canadian, 29; Dutch Belted, 35; total cattle, 755. A very
small percentage of the beef breeds were from the State;
most of them coming from Ohio, Michigan and Indiana,
with a few from Pennsylvania. The quality of the beef
breeds was up to or ahead of previous years, but they lacked
some In numbers. There is but little interest taken in beet
cattle in the Stale, and if we stop to consider that we are
one of the leading dairy States, and at one time were the
foremost dairy State in the Union, it Is but natural that
these tlesh producing breeds are left for our western neigh¬
bors. We cannot afford to own them.

In the dairy breeds, however, these conditions are com¬
pletely reversed, and but one exmilAtor comes from the
West and two from New England, where the conditions are
very similar to our own. The Holsteiu-Friesians were the
largest class and the premiums hotly contested for. There
were some very fine Individuals shown, and considerable in¬
terest was manifest along Ihese aisles by milkmen and
c heese factory patrons. The strong competition was partly
due, no doubt, to there being no competition in this class
in 1904, while the lack of competition in Guernseys was a
result of the sharp competition of last year. The Ayr¬
shires were well represented by four large herds, a 1*1 from
the .State, as were Ihe Holsteln-Frlesians. The competition
here was exceptionally strong, and many fine animals had
lo go unplaced. The Jersey class also was warmly con¬
tested by two well-known herds, one coming from Massachu¬
setts. The aged bulls iji this class were very choice, as were
also some of the females. In Guernseys there was no com¬
petition, but the breed was well represented by a uniformly
good herd that contained some exceptional animals. The
cow that won first In class for cows over three and under
five and champion cow any age was of a type that breeders
would like to make their whole herds. She was of very sym¬
metrical form, had a well-shaped udder with fore udder very
full and teats well placed and far apart, a hide the color of
gold, and as fine and soft as silk. The Brown Swiss were
all State cattle, and were very fine, one cow holding an
official record of 23 pounds 1.94 ounces butter in seven days,
though from appearances the cattle could easily he classed
with the beef breeds. The Polled Jerseys were out in good
numbers, and one herd was entered from Ohio. They re¬
semble their horned sisters very closely, though somewhat
heavier. Of Dutch Belted there were two herds, one being
entered from New Hampshire, the other a State herd. There
was no competition in French Canadians, and but little
interest seemed to be taken in these two last-named breeds.
The Guernseys, Jerseys and IIoIsfein-Friesians seem to lie
most in demand at present, and if the milk standard for
New York is raised to three and one-half per cent of fat the
Guernsey and Jersey will be In slill greater demand. Syra¬
cuse is in an Alfalfa section, and the rattle seemed to
relish the fresh-cut Alfalfa brought to the grounds.

SHEEP. — The exhibit of sheep compared very favorably
with former years, and if any difference a little higher in
quality. The number of entries for each breed is given be¬
low, and as in cattle these do not represent the exact num¬
ber of sheep, as many are entered the second time for Hock
and champion prizes. There are also a few club specials
offered which are not included here. Quite a number of
entries come from outside the state, but the interest in
sheep seems to he increasing: Cotswolds, 14 entries: South-
downs. 67: Shropshlt'es, 66: Hampshire?, 67: Oxford-Downs,
55; Cheviots, 74; Dorset- 1 1 or ns. 17; Lincolns. 19; Leices¬
ter?!, 61 : Merino, American or Spanish, 31 ; Delaine, Dickin¬
son or Black Top Merinos. 28 ; Ramhouillcts, 32 : any other
purebred sheep, 2; Angora goats, 6. The mutton breeds
seem to be gaining rapidly In popularity, and the Cheviots
in particular have gained very rapidly. The Southdowns,
Shropsbires, Oxford-Downs and liarapshires are very popu¬
lar. and the" Dorset Horns are being used extensively for
hothouse lambs, as they are more easily made to breed out of
season. Individual taste has much to do with a person's
sift-cess with a breed.

SWINE. — A great many of the swine were from Ohio, and
the quality of tin* exhibit in most classes was up to nr above
the average. The Borkshires were not up to last year's
exhibit. Below are the number of entries made on each
breed: Chester Whites, 69 entiles; Chesliireg, 35; Poland
Chinas. 117: Duroc Jersey*. 94: Small Yorkshires. 49 ;
Large Yorkshires. 53; Borkshires, 38; Essex, 43; Victorias,
38: Tamworfhs. 22. While hogs seem to have the prefer¬
ence in the East, and in many sections of the State farmers
are strongly prejudiced against black : but color has not all
to do with it. It is a common belief that black hogs are
not as prolific ns while ones. In blacks the Berkshire seems
to have the lead in Now York, hot the Chester Whiles, Large
Yorkshires and Cheshires easily lead. The Duroc Jersey
seems to come between the whites and Borkshires. The
Boland Chinas seem to have very few friends in the East.
Judging from the remarks made on Tamworfhs they have
very few champions. Victorias, Essex and Small York¬
shires do not appear to he popular. There Is no doubt
considerable in breed, but feed is a very important factor.

G. R. S.

BUSINESS BITS.

What farm-reared boy has not memories of backaches in
connection with old-fashioned grind-stone? The modern
way of grinding all farm tools is with a grinding wheel of
material known as carborundum. A system of cog wheels
are so arranged that by one turn of the crank the wheel
revolves more than 100 times. An illustration of the ma¬
chine appears in the advertising columns. Look it up and
send for full Information to Royal Ml’g. Co.. 226 E. Walnut
St., I.ancaster, Pa.

A rather Interesting experiment is suggested bv one of
our advertisers this week, which will be well worth the
while of our readers lo demonstrate for the younger mem¬
bers of (heir respective families. The experiments have a
hearing on the health/ulness of acetylene gas as comnared
with gas from a cily gas plant or a kerosene lamo. Aside
from the matter of health acetylene gas makes the finest
kind of a light for a farm or country home, store or factory.
We have seen them la a number of farmhouses where we
have visited tnd the owners report, the greatest satisfaetion.
Anv of our readers who are studying the lightiug problem
win he interested in and gain much information from the
little hook "Sunlight on Tap" : wilt lte sent free to any reader.
Address Acetylene Jones, 1 Adams St., Chicago, Ill.

NOTE. THE

Do you know that ordinary rubber wear has but little pure
rubber in it? They are "filled” rubber— largely cheap substi¬
tutes with absolutely no toughness or wear in them. That’s
why they “give way” and leak so soon. There is one kind
not made that way.

Buckskin Brand

Rubber Boots and Shoes

( Awarded the Grand Prize at St. Louis Exposition.)
outwear all other kinds because they are made of abso¬
lutely pure rubber. Moreover, they are reinforced at every

goint where the ordinary kind breaks. Look at the cut.

ee the many thicknesses where the wear comes. Guaranteed
and sold on Ten Days T rial. Be sure you ask your dealer for
Buckskin Brand. They will save you money
and save your health. Trade mark brand on
every boot leg and shoe heel. We'll sell you
direct, it your dealer does not have them.
Write for book and learn the difference
wear between all rubber and substitute rub¬
ber. Mailed free.

BANNER RUBBER CO.,

280 Bittner Street, St. Louie*.

no LBS

"Winchester

\ 9

I

m

$1

((

Leader” and '‘Repeater

99

SMOKELESS POWDER SHELLS

Carefully inspected shells, the best com¬
binations of powder, shot and wadding,
loaded by machines which give invariable
results are responsible for the superiority
of Winchester “Leader” and “Repeater”
Factory Loaded Smokeless Powder Shells,
There is no guesswork in loading them.
Reliability, velocity, pattern and penetra¬
tion are determined by scientific apparatus
and practical experiments. Do you shoot
them ? If not, why not ? They are

THE SHELLS THE CHAMPIONS SHOOT

7i8

September no.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

-TV VW VV* V * V -T ~r ■* w -r ▼ -

[ Woman and Home <

From Day to Day.

THERE LS NO DEATH.

There is no death ! The stars go down
To rise upon some fairer shore;

And bright in heaven's jeweled crown
They shine forevermore.

There is no death ! The dust we tread
Shall change beneath the Summer showers
To golden grain or mellowed fruit.

Or rainbow-tinted flowers.

The granite rocks disorganize.

And feed the hungry moss they hear;

The forest leaves drink daily life.

From out the viewless air.

There is no death ! The leaves may fall.
And flowers may fade and pass away ;
They only wait through wintry hours
The coming of the May.

There is no death ! An angel form
Walks o'er the earth in silent tread;

Tie bears our best loved things away;

And then we call them “dead."

He leaves our hearts all desolate.

He plucks our fairest, sweetest flowers :
Transplanted into bliss, they now
Adorn immortal bowers.

The bird-like voice whose joyous tones
Made glad these scenes of sin and strife
Sings now an everlasting song,

Around the tree of life.

Where'er he sees a smile too bright
Or heart too pure for taint or vice,

He bears it to that world of light.

To dwell in Paradise.

Pom unto that undying life.

They leave ns but to come again:

With joy we welcome them the same —
Except their sin and pain.

And ever near us, though unseen,

The near immortal spirits tread;

For all the boundless universe
Is life — there are no dead.

— Edward Pulwer-Lytton (1803-1878).

*

Among new Fall waists, cheviot, heavy
linen, poplinette. albatross, wash flannel
and nun’s veiling are the prevailing ma¬
terials. The heavy vestings popular two
or three years ago seem to have disap¬
peared. They were handsome, but heavy,
and burdensome in the washtub, though
most of them washed well. Readymade,
cheviot or linen waists cost $2 to $3.50;
wash flannel $3.50 to $5 ; veiling and
albatross, embroidered or otherwise hand¬
somely trimmed, $0 to $8. A plain waist
of white albatross, in simple tailor style
with gilt or silver buttons, is inexpensive
if made at home, and quite dressy; the
same material, made after a girlish model
buttoned down the back, is very desirable
for a young girl, and will be very conven¬
ient when remodeling an outgrown frock.
*

During September there are usually
many opportunities to buy Winter bed¬
ding cheaper than at other seasons, as
most large city stores are holding sales.
Old-fashioned patchwork quilts are now
often used as bedspreads, to harmonize
with Colonial furniture, but woolen
blankets and light comfortables are cer¬
tainly more desirable to sleep under, be¬
cause they give warmth without weight.
Cotton-filled comfortables of silkaline cost
from 90 cents up; sateen-covered from
$1.25 up. Next come those of sateen
filled with down, costing from $4.50 to $7;
silk with down filling cost $8 to $25, size
0 x 6 feet. Wool-filled quilts, which are
very warm and light, cost from $7.50 to
$18.75; they are 72 x 7S inches; the
covers being satin or brocade.

*

Farmhouse apples form a dessert that
is respectfully offered to the members of
the Apple Consumers’ League. Peel and
core tart apples, fill the space from which
the cores were taken with seeded raisins,
bits of shredded citron, sugar and a little
lemon peel; stand them in a baking pan,
pour over them half a cup of water and
dust with about two tablespoonfuls of
granulated sugar. Bake in a slow oven
until perfectly tender, then sprinkle bread
crumbs over the top; dust again with
sugar, and leave them in the oven for 10
minutes. While they are baking mix a

tablespoonful of flour with a half cup
sugar; pour over half a pint of boiling
water, and boil a moment; take from the
fire, and pour slowly over one well-beaten
egg; add the juice of half a lemon. Pour
over the apples and serve warm.

*

A dainty little fancy apron is of fine
white dotted swiss having ah embroidered
border to edge the ruffle, and an em¬
broidered band at its head. Sometimes
this embroidery consists of daisies made
by working the rays around a series of
the dots in the fabric; sometimes the dots
are connected by fancy stitches, the dots
themselves being decorated with French
knots. For an inexpensive fine apron,
nothing is prettier than fine lawn, edged
with a ruffle trimmed with lace. A
ruffle always adds daintiness to a fine
apron, whether lace-edged or not. We
have seen lately a number of fine aprons
made with the old-fashioned Vandyke
tucks, which have been revived among
new fancy work. Six half-inch tucks arc
made, close together, but not overlapping,
and then marked off in large Vandykes,
from top to bottom. The tucks are care¬
fully cut through along these lines, and
then on the lower section the tucks are
cut through at one-inch intervals. Then
each little section has the rough edges
folded under and carefully stitched into
place, thus forming even little Vandykes,
while the alternating section is of plain
tucks. We have seen flounces for white
skirts trimmed in this way, but the work

seems too much for a busy person.

*

For quince sweet pickles, Modern
Housekeeping advises ripe, yellow quinces
of fine flavor. Scrub with a small vege¬
table brush to remove the down, wipe dry
and cut out any spots or decayed portions.
Slice, without paring, into rounds a fourth
of an inch thick, leaving in both core and
seeds, unless- imperfect, then weigh. Put
the fruit, a thin layer at a time, in a
steamer or colander over boiling water,
cover closely and steam until it is per¬
fectly tender, then place in a stone jar.
Make the syrup of four pounds of sugar,
a pint of vinegar of medium strength, a
pint of the water over which the fruit was
steamed, an ounce of stick cinnamon, a
heaping tablespoonful of allspice berries
and a level tablespoonful of whole cloves
to seven pounds of the fruit. Pour over
the fruit, cover securely and stand in a
cool place over night. The next morning
drain off the syrup, boil for 10 minutes
with the spice bag, skim and pour again
boiling hot over the fruit. Continue this
process for three successive mornings.
The last morning add the fruit to the
syrup and spices and boil gently until
heated through, then skim out and put
into the crock. Continue to boil the
syrup until it is as thick as molasses. If,
after the second boiling, it does not seem
spiced sufficiently, add more spices tied
in a fresh bag. When the syrup is done,
reheat the quinces in it, then fill into self-
ealing glass jars as in canning.

*

There is nothing like a gentle re-
ninder to call a man’s attention to dere-
ictions of duty, like the case thus de¬
scribed in the Youth’s Companion :

“I tell you,” said Captain Waters, “a
man needs a kind of a reminder, now and
then, to keep him from getting careless,
and 1 notice the ways of Providence are
such that he most always gets it."

“Who’ve you got in mind now ?" asked
Captain Saunders, who, having no partic¬
ular or pressing business on hand, was
helping his old friend watch the craft in
the bay.

“I was thinking of Isaac, my cousin,
over to Har’ich,” said Captain Waters.
“His wife has been telling him from
morning till night for the last month that
he’d ought to fix a loose board on the

shed floor, and lie's kep a putting oil and
a-putting off, and now, yesterday, he got
bis reminder.”

"Fall over the board?’ inquired Captain
Saunders.

“No, not exactly that,” said Captain
W-aters, "but what happened was that
Isaac was coming down from the shed
chamber with an old cane-seat chair, and
he tripped on it someway, fell down the
last three steps, broke his wrist and
sprained his ankle, and smashed the chair
to pieces. Then, when he ’lighted, he
fetched up on that loose board, and it
sprung up and took him. kerwallop, right
in the face, good and plenty.”

“This morning 1 was over there, and he
was in bed, all bandaged up and pretty
low in his mind ; but he told me lie saw
the justice o’ the whole thing — while Jane
was out o’ the room.”

Ceiling Registers.

We had one put in last Fall, and it is a
help toward keeping the upper room more
comfortable. We bought a second-hand
register, one of the kind used with a hot¬
air furnace. One can sometimes get
these for half price at a plumber’s, when
people have changed from hot air to hot
water or steam heaters. We had a tin
box made, without bottom or cover, of
course, the top being of the right size for
the register to set in. The lower edge
of the box has an inch flange, to be fitted
up to the ceiling. The depth of the box
was the same as the distance between the
ceiling and the floor above. The box was
fastened to the edges of the boards, where
the hole had been cut in the floor, with
small nails, and then the register set in
the top. In our case the upper room was
large and unfinished, so it could not be
really heated by this register, but it could
be tempered. Care must be taken not to
have things steaming on the stove below,
for the warm, steamy air coming up into
the cold air above make's the upper room
very damp and chilly. I find the register
an excellent ventilator. There is a con¬
stant current of air rising through the
opening, and if the windows are open the
lower room can be quite thoroughly aired.

Dietz Lanterns

Not made to sell cheap, but as cheap
as any good lantern can be sold. Then,
think of the satisfaction you get from
a Dietz; Convenience, Safety, Cleanli¬
ness. Be sure you ask your dealer
for the,

Dietz Cold Blast Lantern.

He carries it in stock or will get it. If
not, write direct to us. Catalogue free.
We’ll see that you get the lantern of
your choice. Every lantern user
prizes the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. HEW YORK CITY.

Established 18U0.

— J

Save Half Your Fuel

BY USING THB

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR

Fits any Stove or Furnace.
Writo for booklet on heating home*.

Rochester Radiator Co.

, Furnace SU9 Rochester,!^ Y*

Prlcefrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

NEW HOTEL ALBERT

Cor. University Place and 11th Street,
NEW YORK CITY.

One Block Westof Broadway. European Plan.

Theonly absolutely, fire-proof transient hotel
below Twenty-third Street. First-class accom¬
modation at moderate rates. Rooms from
ONE DOLLAR per day up. One hundred
rooms, with private Bath, from TTVO DOL¬
LARS per day up. Cuisine and service un¬
excelled.

L. FRENKEL, - - Proprietor.

S. B. R.

« p ^ Simpson -Eddystone

^ Black & Whites

are the standard prints of the United States
' and have been for over 60 years.

Their beautiful designs are printed
in absolutely list jiors on
fabrics of enduring texture.

Askyoui dealer for

. Simpson- Eddy soul Mack-ar.d- Whites.

r nlYYSTOKh. Three gtnc-rsr-u is of Simpsons

1/1/ ” Ivl "illy have muu. S.nipson Prints.

PRINTS The Eddysto..^ Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

tor this

Oak

Heater

QR for this large
P|JJ handsome
steel range

without high closet or reservoir. With
high warming closet and reservoir, just as
shown in cut, $13.05. Reservoir is

porcelain lined. I ieavy cast top with C full
size cooking holes. Large oven, regular
8-18 size. The body is made of cold
rolled steel, top and all castings of best
pig iron. Crate; we use im¬
proved duplex grate, burns
wood or coal. Nickel baud
on front of main top; brack¬
ets and tea shelves on closet;
band and ornament on reser¬
voir; oven door. etc. Highly
polished, making the range
an ornament in any home.

■ IIBK * I HI are the most liberal ever

w W I A I BmlllDly? made. We will shipyou any
range or stove, guarantee it to be perfect in construction and ina-
r terial; we guarantee it to reach you in perfect condition. You can
' pay for it after you receive it. You can take it Into your own home
and use It 30 full days. If you do not find it exactly as represent

y

hard or soft coal or wood.
Mas drawn center grate,
corrugated fire pot, cold
rolled sheet steel body,
heavy cast base, large cast
feed door, ash pit door and
ash pan, swing top. screw
draft-regulator. Polished
urn, nickel top ring, name
plate, foot rails, etc.

We have heating
stoves of every kind.
Hot blast, air tights, the
kind thatretails for $'1.00,
for 80c. Base burners
at \(> the regular price.

CUT THIS AD OUT, ranges; explains our terms fully, tells you how to order. Don't buy a .tow. ot any kind un¬
til you got Our large Stovo catalog for 1 905 and 1 906 MARVIN QMITI1 Pfl PIIIPAfiO

and seo our liberal terms and lowest price* ever mads. IflMflVIll OITII I 11 will wnlUHUU.

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond,
there is no better stove or range made, and
save you from $5 to $40 on every purchase, be¬
cause we save you all middlemen’s, jobbers’ and
dealers’ profits. We’re manufacturers, not “mail¬
order dealers;’’ we own and operate one of the Oven
largest and best equipped stove factories in the Thermometer |
world; we guarantee the high quality of our
product and ship on trial.

WE* SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Examine our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low price and save
pAV from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Frolght Prepaid, blacked, polished and ready for use.

■ ” ■ All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

THE KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

FREIGHT We probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood .

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

7 19

Fruit Catsups.

Grapes, plums and currants all make
excellent catsups. Where one has an
abundance of these fruits it will pay to
add some of these fruit catsups to your
stock of tomato catsup.

Grape Catsup. — Cook six pounds of blue
grapes, Concord if possible, till soft, then
strain through a sieve. Add to the
grapes three pounds of granulated sugar,
one tablespoonful each of cinnamon, all¬
spice, cloves and pepper, a dessert spoon¬
ful of salt, a little more than one-half a
tablespoon ful ; one pint of vinegar. Boil
till it begins to thicken, then bottle. Plum
catsup may be made from the same recipe;
the small blue frost plums may be used.

Currant catsup can be made from cur¬
rant juice. To three pints of juice add
1/4 pound of granulated sugar, one-half
pint of vinegar, one-half tablespoonful
each of cinnamon and cloves, pepper.
Boil together for nearly half an hour, or
until it begins to thicken. In looking
through a recipe book this Summer in
which the owner had written down for a
number of years tested recipes, I found
the following for tomato catsup, so I pass
it on for the benefit of other cooks.

Cold 1 omato Catsup. — One peck of ripe
tomatoes ; two horseradish roots ; two
large onions; four stalks of celery; two
ounces mustard seed; four green peppers;
one scant cup of salt ; one cup of sugar ;
threee pints of vinegar. Pare and quar¬
ter tomatoes, place in colander to drain;
chop fine the celery, onions and peppers ;
grate the horseradish. Mix all thoroughly.
Put in cans and seal. This catsup re¬
quires no cooking. Helen c. Andrews.

O - - -

A Country Girl

c

Can Dress Just as
Smart as a City Girl

Q

With no “home-made” air
about her clothes, either,
if she reads the page

“The Girl Who Makes Her Own Clothes”

The Rural Patterns.

The comfortable loose coat shown in
No. 5060 is made with fronts and back,
and includes sleeves that are full at the
shoulders and stitched to simulate cuffs.

The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 3?4 yards 27, 2'/» yards 44
or 134 yards 52 inches wide. The pattern
5060 is cut in sizes for girls of 12. 14 and
16 years of age; price 10 cents.

The fitted coat No. 5116 is made with
fronts, backs and underarm gores and is
absolutely plain. At the neck are regula-
lation collar and lapels and the closing is
made invisibly by means of a fly. The

sleeves are full at the shoulders and nar-
rovy at the wrists. The quantity of ma¬
terial required for the medium size is 314
yards of material 27, 2*4 yards 44 or 134
yards 52 inches wide. The pattern 5116
is cut in sizes for girls of 12, 14 and 16
years of age|; price 10 cents.

in every number of The Ladies’ Home
Journal. Thousands of girls dress by this
page, and look chic and smart at the small¬
est cost. The page isn’t “Up in the air”; it
is practical and tells a girl exactly how —
and with a pattern for every blouse or skirt.

The Last Chance to Get
The Ladies’ Home Journal for $1.00

On October 2 the magazine goes up in price; 8 extra pages
will be added; new departments will be started; new four-
color covers; everything new and better.

The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

L== — — . — . _ _ i

Blighted fruit trees
are revived again by

Banner Lye

Keep your fruit trees healthy, and get the
full crop that they should yield . You will find
the remedy given below to be of the greatest
value in protecting your

apple trees pear trees

peach trees plum trees

from blight. It doesn’t cost much and the in¬
creased yield pays for itself many times over.

Results are absolutely certain — proved
by thorough tests.

This ix all you need for 50 trees :

2 cans Banner Lye

4 lbs Flowers of Sulphur
10 lbs Lime

Mix tlie Banner Lye and
sulphur. dry, then make a thin
paste by adding water. Slack
the lime and add enough water
to make a thick whitewash.

Add tlie Banner Lye and sul¬
phur, and stir well. Apply to
trunk and large branches with
a whitewash brush. Dilute
the rest until thin enough to
spray, then thoroughly spray
the tops of the trees.

Use it after the first heavy frost in the fall
and again in the early spring. You will
then get more and better fruit from yourtrees.

Your grocer or druggist sells Banner Lye for lOcts.

‘Send to us for free nook, " Uses of Banner Lye."

Tlie Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

Clothing
Made
to Order
at the

Save Half

Men’s

Buy your clothing di¬
rect from the mill. Cut
out the dealer’s profits.
Get two suits for the
price of one. All wool
suits and overcoats
made to order, hand¬
somely trimmed and
guaranteed to give satis¬
faction. Many patterns
to choose from

All

Wool

Suits

and Overcoats

Made to Order

S7J9 to SI 2-50

Ladies’
Fall
Dress
Patterns

in all

Shades

GLEN ROCIC
203 Main St,.,

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Che¬
viots, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Kerseys,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.
WOOLEN MILLS,
Somerville, N. J.

5% Instead of 4%

3535 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

MONEY how draw I lit; 1 p. c.

• ' V-.ui be safely reinvested
through this Company at 6 p. c.
—Increasing tlie Income it per
rent. Conservative investors
will appreciate a plan aflordlns
all the security and profit with¬
out the annoyance ol indivlot al
mortgage loans
Description of methods, names
of many patrons, ami all desired
information on request.

Assets, . SI, 700,000
Surplus and Protits,

35 100,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co.
5 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy,N.Y. City

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St. .Syracuse, X.Y.

A DURABLE ROOF

Arrow Brand
Adphult Krady
Koottuf? is cvpQ-
1 y surfaced
with gravel.

anti is not only attractive in appearance
but l ists a Iohr time. In the Iouk run is very cheap.
Any bandy man can lay it. Samples and prices free.

ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO., 80 Pioe St., N. Y. City

Beware of cheap imitations made from Tar.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kina i nat Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building', Pittsburgh, Pa.

720

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yorker, Sept. 30. 1005.
FARM TOPICS.

An Argument for Haying Machinery.... 700

Sorghum for Fodder and Syrup . 709, 710

Sowing Rye After Potatoes . 710

Chemicals for Clover Sod . 710

Short Rotation of Ilay and Potatoes.... 710

Chemicals for an Acre of Clover . 710

A Cheap Wheat Crop . 710

Why Wheat Seed "Runs Out" . 71 1

Curing Early-Dug Potatoes . 712

Clipping Alfalfa for Winter.. . 712

When to Cut Corn . 712

Rye to Follow Corn . @2

Cutting Clover from Wheat Stubble . 713

Alfalfa Notes . 713

Weeds and Maggots . <1;

Hope Farm Notes . <lo

Crop Prospects. . . '17

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

The Squab Business . 710

Live Stock at New York State Fair . 717

Mapes, the Hen Man . 722

Value of College Dairy Course . 722

Cow With Lumpy Jaw . <23

Wart on Colt’s Neck . 723

Using Coloring Matter in Milk . ^23

An Ailing Rooster . 723

HORTICULTURE.

Ilow to Heat a Lettuce House . 711

Regions Without Peach Yellows . (ill

A Promising Late Plum . ,<11

A Good New Apple . <11

Sterile Satsuma Plum . 71-

Violets in British Columbia . 712

Treatment of Dahlia Roots . @2

Gummosis : San Jos£ Scale; Crown Gall. 71-

l’eaches for New Jersey . 713

Protecting Cherry Trees . 713

Home Fruit Supply . 713

Close Garden Culture . <13

Notes from the Rural Grounds . <14

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 718

Ceiling Registers . 718

Fruit Catsups . <J9

The Rural Patterns . 719

MISCELLANEOUS.

Changing Well to Cistern . . . . 711

Editorials . 710

Events of the Week . ‘ ] 7

Business Bits . 717

Publisher’s Desk . 721

Products, Prices and Trade . <,21

Humorous . 724

markets

Prices current at New York during week
ending September 23. 1905. wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes. with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers. Inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern, Duluth — @ 91%

No. 2 red . — @ 88%

Corn. . .’ . — ® <51

Oats . — ^ 34

Barley . — 42

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 .

No °

. 16.00

@16.50

@15.00

No. 3 .

. 12.50

@13.50

Clover mixed .

. 12.00

@13.00

Clover .

. 10.00

@12.00

Straw, long rye .

. 14.00

@15.00

MILK.

New Y'ork Exchange

price 2%

cents per

quart in 26-cent zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extras . 21 !4 @

Firsts. . 20 @

Seconds . 1 8 % @

Thirds . 17 @

State Dairy, extras . 20% @

Firsts . 19 @

Seconds . 1 7 % @

Lower grades . 16 %@

Western Imitation Creamery,

extras . 1914®

Firsts . 1714®

Western Factory, firsts . 1714®

Seconds . 1614 ®

Lower grades . . . . . 15 ®

Renovated, extras . 20 ®

Firsts . 18 ®

Seconds . 1614®

Lower grades . 15 ®

Packing stock, No. 1 . — ®

No. 2 . 1614®

No. 3 . 15 ®

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy . 12 ®

Fair to choice . 1114®

Light skims.
Full skims .

choice

9%@

214 @

21

21

1 !l %
18

20

18

17

1814

17%

17

16

19

17%

16

17%

17

16

11%

10

3%

EGGS.

Selected white, fancy .

Selected white, choice .

Near-by, mixed, extra .

Mixed, firsts to extra firsts..

Western, extra firsts .

Western, firsts .

Western, seconds .

Western, thirds .

Kentucky, fresh gathered ....

DRIED FRUITS.

A pules, Evap. 1904, fancy...

Evap., 1904, choice .

Evap,. 1904, prime .

Evap., 1904, com. to good..
Sun-dried, 1904, Canadian .

Sun-dried, 1904, Ohio .

Sun-dried, 1905. Southern .
Sun-dried, 1905, S’h’n sliced
Raspberries, evap.. 1905 ....

Huckleberries, 1905 .

Blackberries,, 1905 .

Cherries, 1905 .

27

@

28

25

@

26

—

@

24

20

@

23

—

@

22

20

@

21

18

®

19

16

@

17

16

@

18

8 @
7 % ®
7 ®

4 % ®
4 ®

3 % ®

3 ®

4 ®

25 ®

11 ®

7% ®
11 %®

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Alexander . •••3.00

Gravenstein . 2.20 ®3.oo

Duchess of Oldenburg - 2.25 @3.50

Wealthy . 2.50 @3.25

Maiden' Blush . 2.00 @3.00

Holland Pippin . 1.75 @2.o0

York Pippin . L75 @2.75

Fall Pippin . l-<o @2-<->

Fall varieties, poor . 1.00 @1.50

Baldwin . 1 . . 1 .75 @ 2.25

Hubbardson . 175 @2.00

Greening . 1-75 @22:>

Winter varieties, poor ....1.00 w LiO
Pears, Seckel andBartlett, bbi.3.00 @5.00

Beurre Bose . 3.00 @4.00

Beurre Clairgeau . 2.50 @3.50

Beurre d'Anjou . 2.00 @3.00

Louise Bonne . 2.25 @3.00

Flemish Beauty . 2.00 @2.75

Common kinds . 1.75 @2.2o

Plums, State, 8-lb basket.... 15 @ 30

Peaches. Md. & W. Va.. likt.. 25 @ 80

Jersey . 25 @ 85

Penn . . . 25 (< 75

Pine Island . 25 @ 75

State, per 20-lb basket . 20 (a 40

Michigan, bushel basket ...1.00 @1.50

Grapes, Up-river, Del., 20-qt cs 60 @ 85

Up-river, Niagara . 60 @ 85

Up-river, Moore’s Early ... 50 @ 60

Up-river, Worden . 50 @ 60

Up-river, Concord . 50 @ 60

W'n N. Y’.. Del. 4-lb. bask 15 @16

W’n N. Y’., black . 8 @ 10

W’n N. Y„ Salem . 8 @ 9

Cranberries, Cape Cod, bbl 6.00 @7.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, L. I., in bulk. 180 Jbsl.75 @2.00

Jersey, round, bbl . 1.62 @1.75

Jersey, long . 1.50 @1.62

Sweet Potatoes bbl . 1.25 @1.50

Brussels Sprouts. L. I., quart. 6 @ 12

Beets, 100 bunches . 75 @1.00

Carrots, bbl . 1.00 @1.50

Cabbage, 100 . 2.50 @4.00

Celery, dozen . 15 @ e0

Cucumbers, bbl . 2.00 @4.50

Cucumber pickles, 1.000 . 2.00 @5.00

Corn, Hackensack, 100 . 75 @1.25

Other Jersey . 50 @1.00

Cauliflowers, L. I., bbl . 75 @2.00

Eggplants. Jersey, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

Lettuce, State, %-bbl. bkt....l.00 @1.75

Lima beans, basket . 50 @1.50

Onions, Jersey, white, %-l>bl bt 50 @'1.00

White pickle onions, bbl 4.00 @5.00

Connecticut, white, bbl ....3.00 @3.25

Connecticut, yellow . 2.00 @2.25

Connecticut, red . 1.87 @2.00

Long Island, yellow . 1.75 @2.00

Long Island, red . 1.50 @1.75

Ohio, white, bushel-crate . . 50 @1.25

Orange Co.. N.Y., yellow, bagl.25 @1.37

Orange Co., N. Y., red.... 1.12 @1.37

Peppers, Jersey, bbl . 50 @ 85

Spinach, bbl . 75 @1.00

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 50 @ 75

Marrow . 40 @ 00

Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @1.12

Tomatoes, box . 29 @ 50

BEANS.

Marrow, choice, bush . — @3.50

Poor to good . 2.50 @3.40

Medium, choice . 2.22% @2.25

Common to good . 1.75 @2.20

Pea, choice . — @1.75

Common to good . 1.60 @1.70

Red Kidney, choice . 3.07%@3.10

Common to good . 2.75 @3.00

White Kidney, choice . 3.70 @3.75

Y’ellow Eye, choice . 2.00 @2.05

COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS.

Veal calves, prime, lb . — @ 12

Common . 4 @ 9

Dressed pork, light, lb . 9 @ 9%

Medium . 8%@ 8

Small roasting pigs, lb . 12 @ 14

LIVE POULTRY.

Spring chicken, lb . 12 @ 12 V,

Fowls . 1 . — @ 14- •

Roosters . — @ 9

Turkeys . — @ 14

Ducks, pair . 40 @ 80

Geese, pair . 1.00 @1.50

Pigeons, pair . 20 @ —

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys, spring, 3 a 4 lbs. each 23 @ 28

Over 4 lbs. each . 16 @ 22

Old Western . 14 @ 18

Spring chickens. Phi la, fancy 17 @ 20

Penn., choice to fancy .... 14 @ 15

Western, average run .... 11 ® 11

Fowls . 14 @ 14%

Spring ducks, L. I., & Eastern lfi @ 18

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 3.75 @5.65

Bulls . 2.50 @3.45

Cows . 1.50 @3.50

Calves . 5.00 @'8.75

Sheep . 3.00 @4.75

Lambs . 6.50 @7.02%

Hogs . 5.80 @6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices are given for car lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent, higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @51.00

Muriate of potash . — @42.00

Acid phosphate . — @14.00

Kainit . — @12.00

Dried blood . — @50.00

Copper sulphate, in bbl. lots lb — @ — 6

HOMEMADE FLY KILLERS.

On page 627 I noticed a request for a home¬
made mixture for spraying cattle, to keep off
the flies. Last season I used machine oil and
kerosene, equal parts, with good results, and
sprayed the stock once in two days. This
year it did not seem effective, and I am us¬
ing the following mixture with better suc¬
cess; Kerosene oil, one pint; machine oil, one
pint ; fish oil, two ounces. Apply with a
sprayer. 11. a. freeman.

I will give my recipe for a cow-fly mixture
which works perfectly : One quart can of
green pine tar ; four quarts any sort of fish
oil ; three quarts kerosene. Mix tar and oil
by stirring, and then add the kerosene. This
can be made thinner by a larger proportion of
kerosene, and applied with a sprayer, but I
prefer the above and apply with a wide paint
brush. One application will last three days.
No bad results at all (lots of good ones).

No. Hancock, Me. n. T. y.

I have used the following for three seasons,
and think there is nothing better on the mar¬
ket : One quart crude petroleum : add two
tabl.espoonfuls of crude carbolic acid. Shake
well and apply with sprayer. This mixture
will not cost over. 20 cents per gallon, and
one quart will spray 8 to 10 cows. I use
this every second morning after milking.

Corning, N. Y'. b. h.

KILLING CANADA THISTLES.

In reply to G. B. D., page 665, Canada
thistles are not easily killed out in one or
two years, as the ground is full of seed. Our
farmers have about used up the Canada this¬
tles here by plowing the ground witli plows
that cut all the ground, that is, with wide-
bottom plows; plows that do not cut and
<;over, but cut all of it. There is not one-
twenty-fifth part of the thistles there were
here 20 years ago. To cut them when hol¬
low-stemmed kills them. p. m. p.

Scipioville, N. Y’.

Closed Well. — About 25 years ago I fixed
my well for good and all. 'it was about 12
feet from the kitchen sink horizontally. It
was eight feet deep and never went dry. I
enlarged the hole all around for four feet
down, removing the wall, of course, that
far; then had man thoroughly scrub out the
well. To make sure I had him do it again,
and, much to his disgust, the third time. I
ran a pipe (with foot valve on lower end)
up as high as wall, then horizontally through
cellar wall, then up to sink : put a good thick
coat of mortar on top of wall and all around
full size of hole, then large flat stone on this
mortar, plenty more mortar, two feet of clay,
topping out with soil and sod. I don't know
now just where it is. I also ran a vent pipe
out from under the stone and up. but stopped
it after a few years. It was of no use. At the
sink I screwed on a common No. 1 pitcher
pump — a common cistern pump — and went
ahead. I have worn out one or two pumps.
The well has never been cleaned from that
day to this. One stroke will fill our glass
with water any time, night or day. In all
those years I think two dead angleworms
have come up. a. it. c.

September 3rt,

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

“ELM HILL”

HOLSTEIN STOCK FARM

FOR SALE.

A No. 1 Horse or Cattle Farm— 272 aeres: clay loam;
very fertile; excellent buildings, in good repair; good
fences; well watered; windmill. Stable room tor 125
cattle. Barn room for 350 tons bay. Largest silo in
Northern New Y'ork. .Mile track can be made in
sight of buildings, with little grading.

REGISTERED HOLSTEIN HERD.

Well advertised. Excellent shipping facilities.
Three miles from R. R. junction at Philadelphia, N.
Y. State road to be built from Philadelphia to farm.
Splendid location for liigh-class stock farm. L'ttle
competition in vicinity for registered cattle or horses.
Send for Circular giving full description of farm,
buildings, stock, prices, terms. Mention this paper.

Will be sold with or without Holsteins,
DR. GEO. A. COE, Watertown. New York.

“Father,” said a boy of twelve, “can
you tell me who Shylock was?” “What!”
exclaimed the father in an aggrieved
tone, “have I sent you to Sunday school
for the past six or seven years only to
have you ask me who Shylock was?
Shame on you, boy! Get your Bible and
find out at once !”— Lippincott’s.

“PERFECT” COW STANCHION

Swinging A Necessities

Self-Closing J For Perfect
Seif-Locking “ Stanchions

Made of hard wood— Strong and durable. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. Write for Descriptive Circular.

13. C. SCOTT,

811 Washington Ave,, Brooklyn, N. Y.

WE WILL PAY WEEKLY
Salary and Expenses to
successful Canvassers.
About a dozen men wanted at
once. Experience and very best
references required. Send ref¬
erences with application.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

409 Pearl Street, New York.
MUSHROOM BASKETS.

The Regulat Standard Mushroom Basket!-. Send
for catalogue and prices.

SOUTH SIDE M’F’G. CO., Petersburg, Va.

THE SCHOOL QUESTION ?

Catalogues and reliable information cone
schools and colleges furnished without eha _

York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street, New York, N. Y.

FOR SALE.-LAND LIME and CHESTNUT
POSTS. Car lots. Geo. F. Kichline, Easton, Pa.

ATTENTION -£!»•#& fiS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES 1 PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low. _ ,, _T

p. J. SCHWVARTZ. East Pharsalla, N. Y.

lYUROC-JERSEY PIGS and BRED SOWS. All
u stock eligible to registry. Write for prices. Ad¬
dress, A. B. WOODHULL, Wading River, N.Y.

UNEXCELLED OPPORTUNITY

for practical farmer to buy or lease and work on
shares 280-acre farm, 125 acres under active cultiva¬
tion : one mile to depot, sixmiles to city (27,000 people).
Equipped witti all farming implements, team, etc.
House, barns, fences, and stables in fine repair.
Good money can be made at dairying and raising
hogs, chickens, early vegetables, and general farming.
Would nrefer to work on shares. Climate unequalled.
School facility good. Market for products excellent.
Labor scarce. Correspondence solicited.

D, S. JONES, Box No. 405, New port News, Va,

FARM FOR SALE.

FINE lOO-ACRE FARM situated in the fruit
belt of Western New Y’ork, The land is in a good
state of cultivation, well ditched and many new
fences; 5 acres of woodland. The buildings are extra
fine and large, and never failing supply of water-
R. F. D. and within Vmlle ol village, school and
churches; l1*? mile from Railroad Station and
market. Address Box 46, Bellona, N. Y.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

lias for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address.

8, E. GIL LETT. Proprietor, Ravenna. Ohio.

VALLEY FARM FOR SALE.

In West Brookfield, Mass., on the Boston and
Albany Railroad, and within easy access of Wor¬
cester, Springfield and Boston. Two trolley lines;
excellent soil; no stones: fine markets. Will keep 20
cows. Very profitable. Inquire of A. W. GILBERT.
Instructor in Agriculture. Orono, Maine.

P rt EASTERN SHORE OF M A It Y L A N D
DU FARMS for sale. Mild climate: fertile soil.
Catalog free. Cobf.t & Charles, Federalsburg. Md.

OOMI3NTGL TO TEXAS ?

Look up my advertisement in September 23d issue.
R. M. MORRIS, R. R. 2, San Antonio. Tex. _

APPLE AND PEACH CARRIERS.

If you have fine Apples, Peaches or Tomatoes, ship
them in the South Side Carriers.

SOUTH SIDE M’F’G CO., Petersburg, la,

GEO. P HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter. Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited'

34 & 36 Little 12th St„ New York. _

FRUITS. VEGE TABLES.

Apples. Peaches. Pears. Plums, Grapes, Potatoes and
all Vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc., wanted. Top prices
secured for choice products.

Write us what you have to offer.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New Y’ork.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you wantHay, Straw, Fruits, Produce. Poultry, But¬
ter Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards- Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New Y’ork.

WANTED BUYER FOR COUNTRY STORE; only
few hundred required; it’s guaranteed to be a
money maker- Address H. B., The Rural New-Yorker.

r ■ QUCp-MAN AND WIFE, with small family
lAVtniEn wanted on farm in Maryland, near
Washington. Man to run farm. Wife to take care ot
household of bachelor, with no family. To the right
party willing to make permanent arrangement op¬
portunity to share in proceeds of farm will be offered.
Answer giving full particulars as to ability, refer¬
ences. size and ages of family, etc.

G. A. WIEDEMANN. 3341 N. Smedley Street. Phila.

BUSINESS MANAGER

WANTED in every town to manage branch office and
superintend force of salesmen liig money. No can¬
vassing. No capital required. Can be managed with
other work or business. Particulars on application.
Give references.

WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen.
Newark, New Y’ork, Dept. A

7%

6

5 •/,
4%
3 v.
4%

11

8

12

BUILD UP

your Health and
Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invigorator
for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN,

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

1U05,

THE RURAL

NEW-YORKER

721

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

Last week you found a little envelope
in your paper. You know it was intended
to bring back a dime and the name and
address of one of your neighbors or
friends. If you have made use of it well
and good. We thank you. If it has not
yet gone on its mission, please see that it
does so at once. It will not take much
time for you, and it will be a favor that
we shall appreciate.

We are encouraged to ask this favor of
you because of the interest you always
manifest in the paper and the kindly
words that so often come from you in
praise of it. The following extracts from
recent letters show the general feeling of
thousands that we cannot print, and that
need not be printed :

I cannot close without speaking a good
word for Tiif, R. N.-Y. We as a family en¬
joy the paper, and would miss it very much
if' we had to get along without it. With
best wishes, tv. w. w.

Oregon.

The R. N.-Y. is the best agricultural and
horticultural paper published. c. e. w.

Michigan.

I was a subscriber to another farm paper
for many years, but I should not care for
it now. ' To me the moral tone and intel¬
lectual standards of The It. N.-Y., as well
as its practical helpfulness, put it in a
class by itself. This isn't taffy either.

Massachusetts. e a. b.

I wish to say here that I am taking three
journals devoted to fruits and growing them.
In The It. N.-Y. I get more practical infor¬
mation than in the three all put together.

Iowa. w. c. 11.

Agriculture has not as yet: been so profit
aide with me that I am able to be with¬
out your .invaluable paper, and I want to
blend my voice with those of the multitude
already singing your praises in their appre¬
ciation of the untiring efforts you are put¬
ting forth in the protection of our inter¬
ests and in giving us more than a “square
deal.” L. k a.

Connecticut.

Wc receive any number uf letters ask¬
ing ns if we think a little advertisement
in The R. N.-Y- would sell a farm, or an
animal, or secure a position or help. It
is a little difficult to answer these inqui¬
ries satisfactorily. In the first place, the
advertising is always paid for, and for
this reason we have something of a per¬
sonal interest, and while we always try to
be impartial, we may lean unconsciously
to the side of business. Then, again, of
one hundred who try if only one fail, we
could hardly hope to escape criticism if
we make the encouragement too strong
and too general. There is, however, this
to be said : The paper reaches more than
75,000 farm homes every week, and as
near as we can figure it out is seen and
read by nearly a half million of peopic
every week, if we included the babies who
look at the pictures. Nothing that we
print seems to escape this army of read¬
ers, and it would seem that among so
many every want of one would find a
means of satisfying it in another. These
advertisers frequently write us of their
success. Following are a few recent
comments :

Kudosed find check for $4 for advertising.
Was well pleased with results; your paper
got me orders from Maine to Washington.
Will be with you earlier another year.

Delaware, O. L. c. hills.

Our advertisement in The R. N.-Y. has
been very satisfactory, we having received ai
least two reports from it to one in any of
i he six papers in which we have advertised
this season. woodland farm.

Canastota, N. Y.

I have sold over .$5,000 worth of regis¬
tered llolsteins from my small advertisement
in your paper. I am perfectly satisfied with
the resuits thus far attained.

Cortland. N. Y. Horace l. bronson.

Besides such evidence of results, small
advertisers frequently have replies ad¬
dressed to this office, and sometimes there
arc as many as one hundred replies to a
small card. From all such evidence we
believe that farmers could use little ad¬
vertisements much more than they do to
announce the things they wish to buy or
sell with satisfactory results. Have you
something that you want to try?

PRODUCTS, PRICES, AND TRADE..

A Trip by Freight. In an effort to learn
something of the coastwise trade I went on a
freighter from New York to Boston. Business
between New York and New England points
is very heavy. The great milling industries

of eastern Massachusetts. New Hampshire and
Rhode Island dispose of a fair share of
tbeir products through New York dealers,
and New York being a headquarters for al¬
most everything can supply many things
needed in these New England cities and
towns. The steamer on which this trip was

made belongs to a line which has cut rates a
little below those charged by the combine
controlling most of this business, hence they
have plenty of trade. The steamer, a small
iron vessel of about 2,000 tons, was five
hours late in starting on account of the
rush of freight. When I went on board,

shortly l>efore the supposed sailing time,
there were three lighters on the water side
and a long line of loaded trucks waiting to
get to the dock. Loading was going on
from both sides with steam crane, hand

trucks and about all the men who could
work without getting in each other's way.
The goods shipped were in great variety :
sacks of cement; pails of white lead; cases
of goods “made in Germany," coming to
New York with other large consignments

from the same house and re-sliipped to

Boston, the whole charge being less than the
smaller direct shipment to that city would
have cost; pianos; cases of chemicals, heavy
machinery ; and pickled fish, though it
seemed a bit superfluous to ship the latter
to a New England port. The voyage is
made in 24 hours and is highly interesting
particularly around Cape Cod and through
the somewhat dangerous waters of Nan¬
tucket and Vineyard sounds. One's respect
for the navigator's skill is increased as he
sees the vessel guided safely through diffi¬
cult places in the darkness with assistance
of charts, lighthouses and lightships that to
an outsider seem very meager.

Boston, as a produce market, differs wide¬
ly from New York. The shape of the city
is such that less lightering needs to be done;
the docks and railroad terminals are easier
to get at : and there is less crowding of
trucks in one small district. Take Manhaf
fan Island, bend it in the middle in the form
of a half moon, put a fringe of docks around
it and railroad stations on both sides, and
you have made a Boston of New York so
far as conveniences of the produce receiver
go. New York is very handy for many
dealers, but decidedly otherwise for others.
As has been said before, New York is a sort
of clearing house for all kinds of products.
Almost anything can be sold here, as there
is a large class of buyers who are not crit¬
ical about quality so long as price is low.
In Boston there is less of this cheap John
trade, and hence lower grades of goods are
often harder to sell there. On the morning
I walked through the Faneuil Ilall Market
section recently there were more really
choice peaches on hand than I have seen
in New York in any one morning this sea¬
son. and an entire absence of the worthless
little peaches with which New York has
been loaded down. A handy package largely
used in the Boston wholesale markets is a
box 18 or 20 inches square by about seven
deep, holding not far from a bushel. To¬
matoes, sweet corn, onions and all similar
vegetables are put in it. Slots cut in the
sides make a convenient hand-hold for
carrying. It is uncovered, but when filled
only level full one may be piled on the other
without injuring the products. The retail
markets are particularly neat. Things are
not left lying around at loose ends, hut there
is a generally “picked up" and snug appear¬
ance missing in most New York retail places.
The general run of dressed poultry looked
superior to that seen in Washington Market,
New York, and I noticed -none of the un¬

wholesome slippery poultry always exposed
for sale on the east sidewalk of Washing¬
ton Maiket, in direct violation of common
sense sanitation and city ordinances. From
what has been said above it must not be
inferred that New York is not a favorable
place to ship high-class farm produce to.
With its varied population, some of whom are
the skimmings of the world, it forms a
market for stuff that practically cannot be
sold elsewhere. But great, quantities of the
finest products are sold here and usually
bring as much as at any other place if one
has a discriminating and honest receiver
to handle his good. h.

FOR SALE

'-FOX ANI) RABBIT HOUNDS.
Choice Pups now ready to ship
for $5 each. Also, PUREBRED
GUERNSEY BULL CALVES. MELVIN THOMAS,
R. F. D. No. 1, Wayville, Saratoga County. N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal/’ See guarantee, page 8.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

WHITE WYANDOTTJES EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE.— Fine large COCKERELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown, N. Y.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Hocks, Wyandottes, Legfn rns,
Mlnorcas, Turkeys, Ducks andGuineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J

Pratts Animal Regulator
did the work.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

ANCHOR COILED SPRING WIRE FENCE

Has reached the Per¬
fection, that all others
are striving for, and is
receiving more favor¬
able comments every¬
where than all other
makes combined. Catalog free.
Anchor Fence & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.

EVEN HEAVY STOCK

Onn’t molest your poultry if en
closed with Page Poultry Fence.
It’s made of the same strong qual¬
ity of coiled wire and woven in
the same manner as Page Stock
Fences. Heights 4, 6 or 6 feet.
Bottom meshes only Ig inches.
FACIE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Uox 3 OP, Adrian, Mich.

Buff Plymouth rock and buff leghorn

COCKERELS for sale. Price. $1.25 to $2 if taken
this month. HOWARD SUTTON, Fairmount, N. J.

COR SALE.— 75 Purebred Barred Plymouth Rock
1 Pullets. April hatched, and farm raised from
selected flock layers, $1 each. Also few Cockerels left.
H. W. HEDGES. R. F. D„ Freehold, New York.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

90

Jar's Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Kates free. J. A. BEKGEY, Box 8,Telford,Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D. 41, Weedsport, N.Y.

are raised in one month:
bring his prices. Money
makers for pouitrymen,
fanners, women.

it/Sond for our Frke Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence invited

Plymouth Rock Squab Co.,

335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass

iBROWm

KTrPAVS THE
LV-4-fY? EIGHT X

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE)

All No. 9 8tce! Wire. Well Galvanized. Weighs j
i more than most fences. 1 8 to 85c per rod
Jellvered. We sell all kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show- >
lng 110 styles. The Brown Fence aud^
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio.,

THE PENN R. R. CO.

has bought and erected over 1000 miles, and .1. D.
Rockefeller a sufficient amount for Forest Hill Park,
of the Frost Fence, on account of its weight and
superior quality over all others.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland. Ohio.

Dfllll TDV0000^

rUUL I ft Insist d

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the)
jasking — it’s worth having. J

> Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. <

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCi

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and pouitrymen ’s guide. 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 500 illustrations. Describes

,hesd'®rn(; Cyphers Incubators

firie® |6. 60 and up. tod 40 Pouitrymen ’s neceneitlee. Free
f you send addrefiees of two neighbors interested in good
poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston. Chicago. New York, Kansas
City or San Francisco.

GG5 FROH BONE

Green cut bone doubles egg yield. More fertile
eggs, vigorous chicks, early broilers, heavy fowls.

MANN^C LATEST MODEL
nlHIlIl 9 BONE CUTTER

10 days free trial. No money In advance. Send it
back ntourexpenseif you don’tlikeit. Cat’lgfree.

F.W.MANN CO., Box 15 , Milford, Mass.

WOMAN WANTS

The butter aud egg money ■afinp
is a big item to the farmer’s InUift
wife. She can increase her
egg production by feeding tUU3
Harvey’s Mixed Grains
I —a combination of cereals specially suited
I to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it.

A Money- Saving Catalogue Free.

I HWEY SEED CO.. 83 ELUCOTT ST., BUFFALO, ». T.

bor profitable live stock use
Pratts Vet. Worm Powder.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

V"

i

Every stockman should endeavor to make his own fields produce the proper
ration for his animals, whether fed for market or for milk. We know that the
animal body contains exactly the same elements as are grown in plant life, and it
becomes the business of the scientific feeder to give his animals in feed these sam-
elements, and in the same proportion as they exist in the body of the domestic
animal. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, peas, beans, etc., contain every element neces¬
sary for the proper development of the animal body, and while these foods are
frequently substituted by oil meal and cotton-seed meal, and even condimental
stock foods, it should not be done except when the price of these substitutes (nu¬
tritive value considered) happens to be lower than those commonly raised on every
farm. Knowing that the profit is not based on the amount of food consumed,
but the amount digested, the scientific feeder is interested in increasing digestion,
which, according to the medical colleges and every experimental test, can only be
accomplished by medicinal ingredients such as are supplied in

th« prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) containing tonics for the digestion, iron for
the blood, nitrates to expel poisonous materials from the system, laxatives to regulate
the bowels. It has the recommendation of the Veteriuary Colleges, the Farm Papers,
is recognized as a medicinal tonic and laxative by our own Government, and is sold
on a written guarantee at

5d per pound in 100 lb. sacks;
T 25 lb. pail $1.60.

Except In Canada and extreme
West and Soutlx.

A tablespoouful per day for the average hog. Less than a penny a day for horse, cow
or steer. If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

Remember, tliat from the 1st to the 10th of each month, I*r. Hess will furnish veterinary
advice and prescriptions free If you will mention this paper, state what stock you have, also what
slock food you have fed, and enclose two cents for reply. In every package of Dr. Hess Stock Food
there is a little yellow card that entitles you to this free service at any time.

Dr. Hess Stock Kook free, if you will mention this paper, state how much stock you have and what
kind of stock food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice.

722

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 30*

Live Stock and Dairy

MAPES, THE HEN MAN .

The Meat Ration. — One of my corre¬
spondents writes to inquire : “Why not
grind the hog's plucks for the hens after
they are cooked?” He says he has
cooked and fed a great many livers and
finds that cooking makes them very hard.
I judge that he must have referred to
beef plucks. We put about 10 plucks in
a 32-galion furnace kettle, pour on two
small pails of water and boil two to three
hours, letting them remain in the soup
over night. Ry morning it has become
Cooled through, and is so soft and tender
that the hens have no difficulty in eating
it. The livers and lights crumble easy
with the hands. The hearts are not so
tender, hut can easily he picked to pieces
with the fingers or by the hens.

How do we like this source of animal
food for poultry?

While no startling results have fol¬
lowed its use, we like it thus far the best
of any meat supply ever tried. The
plucks only cost seven cents each, and av¬
erage five pounds in weight, so that it is
cheap. They are always fresh and clean,
and fit for human consumption. In fact,
each barrel contains the tag of the offi¬
cial Government inspectors* showing that
they are from animals in good health. By
placing them in tin milk cans and setting
the carts in a tank of ice water we have
no trouble itl keeping them in good con¬
dition for several days in the hottest of
weather. C. H. Wyckoff once said to me
that one of the secrets of egg production
is to keep the hens interested in their
feed. I know of no better way to interest
them in their morning or evening mash
than to teach them that they are going to
find a nice morsel of freshly-cooked liver,
etc., in it every few mouthfuls. You see
them running off in all directions with a
nice morsel in their hill, in order to enjoy
it free from disturbance. The objection
to feeding it in too large pieces is that a
hen will spend so much time reducing it
to edible size that by the time she gets
back to the trough it is apt to be in the
condition of “Jack Spratt’s platter.”

that the under ones suffered for waiit of
good air. At any rate* the older Ones in
the same house, and with the same care
and feed, kept right On thriving, while
this lot died and were stunted at a rate
that was. sufficient to discourage a novice.

TabLe Broilers. — My wife thinks her¬
self a pretty good cook, but has often been
disappointed when she has wished to
Serve her table with broilers “cooked to a
turn” on some special occasion. In spite
of her best efforts they would not he as
“toothsome and tender” as she desired.

It would have been easy to lay the blame
on the man who fattened the chickens,
hut instead of that she kept experimenting
and studying the problem until all trouble
on that store seems to be over. The
first essential of course is to have a nice
fat chicken. This should be split through
the back and laid in a Shallow basin.
Now place the basin containing the
chicken in a steamer and steam for an
hour and a half. The basin will catch
all the juices which drip from the meat.
These should all he saved and used in
making the gravy. As soon as it is
steamed sufficiently plate in a well but¬
tered pan ahd fry until well browned ;
remove the meat and add the juices from
steaming to make a good gravy. This
method never has failed to bring satis¬
faction to both cook ahd guests. Possibly
it would be equally as good with older
birds by allowing more time in the steam¬
ing. 0. w. mates.

VALUE OF COLLEGE DAIRY COURSE

There is no course that a man can take
which will fit hint in So short a time, with !
as little expense* to earn as much wages,
as he can by learning to handle milk in a
sanitary way. A man who takes a course
in a good dairy school gets the benefit of I
the experience Of several men who have j
spent many years at this work and are
the best in these lines that can be found.

These schools have modern appliances
and machinery and each student is thor¬
oughly acquainted with each part before
he is allowed to use it. Besides this
there is always a demand for men who
know how to handle milk and make but¬
ter and cheese that will show a high
score, and if a man does good work he is
sure of a good position.

LAWRENCE A. PERCEY.

A Thousand Chicks. — When I told of
Jesse’s contemplated effort with a thou¬
sand June-hatched chickens it was a little
like “counting your chickens before they
were hatched.” However, by setting five
of the 360-egg-size incubators he got his
thousand chicks and had a few over for
good measure. They were fed cracked
corn and oat flakes in the proportion of
two pounds of corn to one of oats, as
their main food. After they were about
10 days old they got one feed a day of
mash made by wetting our balanced ra¬
tion with skim-milk, and a little loppered
skint-milk to drink part of the day, alter¬
nating with water. AH went swimmingly
with the first hatch of 600. hatched early
in June. The remaining 400. hatched the
very last of June, did equally as well for
about three weeks, and then there was
trouble. The weather was hot, haying
work was pressing, and the work of tend¬
ing the brooder lamps got shifted to my
shoulders. No use burning up Rocke¬
feller oil when all outdoors was hot
enough for a brooder, so the lamps were
put out during the day. I finally took the
responsibility of thinking the nights too
were hot enough to dispense with the
lamps, and neglected to light them at
night. The younger chicks were then
about three weeks old. Jesse finally came
to breakfast one morning with a long
face, saying he did not see what ailed
those chicks in the farther pens, “They
are drooping and dying, and act as though
they had been huddling.” Of course I
ponfessed at once that the lamps had not
beer) lighted for several nights. We could
find no other explanation than that to¬
wards morning it had become cool enough
to cause them to pile up for warmth, so

For a man not having a profession or
trade and desirous of obtaining something
in a short time and with little expense that
will fit him for making a livelihood, I
would advise taking such a course. It
would he a great benefit to the public if
more men were trained in the methods
of sanitary handling of milk, especially
men who are on the farm and are hand¬
ling milk every day. This training they
can get at a dairy school during the Win¬
ter when there is not much to do on the
farm. In this course they not only re¬
ceive instruction in dairying, but also
good advice on general farming. Many
cows are kept on the farms throughout the
country at a loss to their owners, no rec¬
ords being kept of the feed consumed or
milk produced. Were these men familiar
with the Babcock test for fat which is
used it would be an easy matter to keep
records and determine loss or profit.

M. J. MURRAY.

'Tiviln ri

k kk-J * A L’.

Save Their Cost

to you In one year. You are not at the j
■ mercy of buyers' weights. Weigh

I your own grain and live stock, then if there is
| u shrinkage you can account for it.

NO PIT TO DIG.

I Sits on top of ground. Can be moved any- |
where. Saves 130.00 to JS0.00 on first cost and
always accurate and in order. Tested against |
| highest price standard scales and found O. K.

1 It costs nothing to investigate the Knodig,
but if you need scales it saves you a lot. |
Don’t you want the Knodig catalog?

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

2 1 02 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, Mo.

Every man is expected to defend himself, whether
it be from an attack on his person or his pocket. If
there be a passage of money each cotints it. If it he
goods why should not each measure or weigh for him¬
self. To do that he must have within his own con¬
trol a Wagon Scale and when one can he bought for
the low sum of $35.00 there is no excuse for any
farmer being without one. The least lie can do is to
give the matter careful consideration, and in order to
to that intelligently send for full description to

JONES OF BINGHAMTON.

Box Jill A, BINGHAMTON, N. Y.

Buy a Service Boar Frbm

Willswood Recorded Berkshires

They are found rttibn stock, being the oldest Ameri¬
can English Herd. Special Offering of Spring far¬
rowed Boars large enough for service, average 200
lbs. each. Selling this month at $25.

WII.I.S A. sKWaKD, Budd's Lake, N. ;J.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

One Great Merit of The

JERSEY RED SOWS

is their ability to produce LARGE LITTERS of
Bigs and RAISE them. Catalogue free.

ARTHUR -I. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. .1.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
In Calf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK hTOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of ehoicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. . NUTWOOD FARMS.

R. F. I). No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA'S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier. 8000r> farrowed June i2,are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Roar Nutmeg, at N. Y,
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, js the, best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— lilso
some sows bred for Fall litters.

.1. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

FOR SALE

ANGORA GOATS,

BEST QUALITY. REGISTERED.

DAVID YOST, MINE I,A MOTTE, MO.

Registered angora goats— Pairs v»r
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Oincinnatus, N. Y.

o a I P male anu fe-

JP OMLC MALE ELK at

I he Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

HORNED DORSET RAMS.-One 200 lb. year-
ling and a few good RAM LAMBS for sale.
Address. W. H. STEPHENSON, Oxford, Ohio.

TUNIS RAMS.

iXA few loft. Will sell very reasonable to close out.

j. n. McPherson, Scottsviiie, n. y.

DEG. SHROPSH1RES and O. 1. C. SWINE of all
*'■ ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Rec overy. O.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock Only. Best
butter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Prince toll; Worcester Cti.; Massachusetts.

John b. marcqu.

BRIIjL FARM

Holstein Cattle.

Home bf Lord Netherlaml I leKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, PouglKimiK, N. Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH CUSS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAkS.

F. I’. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her live daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per rent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER Siftfe

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Rovally bred ; large producing. Cows and Heifers
Bred to above Bull at astonishingly lbw trices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.
Write for pedigrees and photographs,

RIVEN HU KG IlHOS:. ON K 1 1) A. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

“The Farmer’s Full Dinner Pail.’*

A story of how I paid the mortgages, on thy farriis,
and stocked them with Registered Holstein cattle.
Booklets and circulars sent free on application.

Horace l. bronson,

Department Dj Cortland* NiYi

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. 0 Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed Of t0 make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed In Holsteln-Friesiahs;

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HO LSTEIN -IK I ESI AN S
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Rest Individuality.

If these are the klud you want write or come to see
them, lzo to select from. A"iinals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTKLYOU, Nesbanic, N.J

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOII, from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
live years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 l ibert.y 8t., Pittsburg. Pn

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Uire. MILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa

A Lady can hold him.

Cure# kirkert. Kunaway., Fuller.,
shyer., etc. Send for Jilt on Ten
Pay.’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
prof. j.Q, Beery, Pleasant H1U, Ohio.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1 .00 Package euresany
ordinary case.

$3 .00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

, DEATH TO HEAVES

NKWTON'H lleare, Cough, Dll-
temper and Indication Lure.

A veterinary epecilic for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

The Newton Remedy Co.,
Toledo, Ohio.

THK CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
busli or bog land.
CZARK’8 Dbl. ACTION
CUT A HA F Moves JS,000
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
■Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey. Prin.

A safe, sure, quick remedy
Pratts Hog Cholera Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

LABEL

Dana’sAutEAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations ana
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agent. Wonted. _
4). II. DANA, , 74 Main St., Went Lebanon. N. H.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

W B. CRUMB, 73 Main St.. Forest ville. Conn.

I f you are going
to buy a

HOLSTEIN

HULL, and will write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices thut will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. Stevens firotheni-HaKtingh Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD, _ „ ^ Lftcopa, Ogwego Co., N? X?

1905.

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER.

AILING ANIMALS.

Cow With Lumpy Jaw.

About throe months since I noticed a slight
swelling on cow near the junction of jaw¬
bones. This continued to increase in size
until it was perhaps as large as a half pint
cnp. On the advice of our family physician
I had it taken out. Dissection showed tumor
to contain a white cheesy substance. Tumor
was not attached to bone, it continues to
enlarge. Will you tell me what the trouble
is and prescribe? J. L. H.

Spring City, Tenn.

The statement that the tumor was taken
out, and that it was not attached to the
bone, while it continued to enlarge, sug¬
gests that the enlargement is due to the
removing of the bunch caused by a bruise
of some kind, or a tuberculosis tumor.
If its being attached to the bone was
overlooked it is a case of actinomycosis,
also known as lumpy jaw. If the latter
is the trouble I suggest that said cow be
separated from the others. If a case of
actinomycosis you can give one dram of
iodide of potash once a day, dissolved i.i
water, and administered as a drench. 'I he
dose should vary sometimes with the size
of the animal and with the effects that
arc produced. Until recently surgical
means were used to check the growth of
this disease, but it has been found that
with the use of the potassium about 75
per cent of the cases can be cured.

Wart on Colt’s Neck.

By what means can I remove a warty
growth from my colt's neck? It forms in
sections; in May it was about the size of a
thimble, now it covers the size of a silver
dollar. s. e. b.

Lyons, X. V.

You can pass a needle through the
skin under the wart with a stout double
thread and tie on each side, and the third
day tighten the thread, and in a few days
you can clip the wart out with a pair of
scissors. M. 1). WILLIAMS, 1). V. s.

having a light color, and as in most cases
the color is simply natural, the retailers
often seek artificial means of making their
product as salable as possible, and are
only liable to lose custom where it may
become known. If the inquirer produces
his own milk it would be more satisfac¬
tory on all sides to adjust the trouble by
adding a few Guernseys to his herd, or let¬
ting them take the places of others not
so rich in cream qualities.

SHERMAN H. DOUGHTY.

Milk and butter color do not mix or
blend, as the color only acts upon the fat
in the milk; therefore it is impossible to
use it to color milk. In fact, buttermilk,
where color was used in the cream, comes
out its natural color. We are not in favor
of adding anything to milk for any pur¬
pose. When drawn from the cow it is
a perfect food and easily digestible for
most people, and if properly made is all
right naturally. If the customers com¬
plain about white milk they ought to be
willing to pay for colored milk; that is,
milk colored by the cow, and Jerseys and
Guernseys or their grades will usually
give color that is satisfactory. I know
herds of Holstcins where the milk is re¬
tailed where a few head of Jerseys or
Guernseys are kept to give a better color
to the milk. Feed has more or less in¬
fluence upon color of milk, but sufficient
is not known about this to give advice.
We have found, however, that gluten feed
seems to give milk and cream of a better
color than some other feeds. We have
seen bottles for milk which were not
proper for the purpose, as they gave the
milk a bluish tinge, no matter what its
color was. Other bottles tend to give a
color fully up to what it is. Don't add
anything to milk. The temptation to add
a little more of something else is contin¬
ually coming up if you once begin to
doctor milk. h. g. Manchester.

USING COLORING MATTER IN MILK.

Do you know of any coloring matter that
can be used in milk without detriment and
any infringement of law. to give it a tinge
similar to the milk of the Jersey or Guern¬
sey? I have a little herd of mixed cows,
mostly gtade Ilolsteins, and the milk man
complains that the milk is “thin." I know
it is white in color, but I believe it to lie
rich in butter fat, because from the same
cows last Winter I frequently got as high
as six and 014 pounds of butter from one
can of 40 tpiarts of milk. Of course they
were then a little further along in their
period of lactation. I think the trouble is
simply between white and yellow milk, and
if there is anything which is being used by
dairymen or creamerymen for that purpose
I would be very glad to learn of it.

New Jersey. ' reaper.

I would advise your reader not to use
butter color to increase the color of the
milk, as it is against the law either to
add to or take away from the natural milk
anything whatsoever; in the second place,
the color thus given can be detected. The
best way to increase the natural color of
the milk is to get some Guernsey or Jer¬
sey cows, and another method is to feed
such feeds as cotton-seed meal, cornmeal,
carrots, etc. However, I would get some
grade Guernseys and get rid of some of
the Holstein cows. e. nelson ehrhart.

The selling, offering or exposing for
sale of milk that has been colored by arti¬
ficial means, or delivering the same to a
butter or cheese factory within this State
would be a violation of the agricultural
law. The man who would like to improve
the appearance of his milk in this manner
is not in any sense unlike the oleomar¬
garine people who would like to improve
the appearance of their commodity by
using coloring matter. It is the same ex¬
cuse that is used by many manufacturers
of food products who desire to improve
upon the natural condition of things.

G. L. FLANDERS.

N. Y. Asst. Comm’er of'Agriculture.

Pu tter coloring cannot safely he used
in milk for the purpose of improving its
appearance. As it collects only in the
butter fat of the milk there would be a
tendency for it separate if it was not
churned in the milk. There are several
instances where consumers have asked
various questions about milk and cream

AN AILING ROOSTER.

For the past three or four months one of
my roosters has been losing his feathers to
such an extent that the present time he has
very few left on his bod'y and he has been in
this condition for some time past. The sun
has burnt his skin until now it is very red in
color. lie gets t lie same feed that the other
chickens are fed and none of them seems to
be affected. I am at a loss to understand
the case. I l'eel_ quite sure that he would
not moult quite so severely as he has done
and even then his feathers would commence
to grow again. r.

Your rooster appears to be suffering
from itch, which is a warm weather erup¬
tion of the skin, and is often followed by
loss of feathers. This would partly ac¬
count for the red appearance of the skin,
besides that caused by the action of the
sun. Anoint him twice, three days apart,

with a mixture of one part carbolic acid,
three parts lard; then afterward make the
ointment, one part acid, five parts lard. It
seems rather strange that no other birds
of vour flock have become affected.

Steam

Is the reliable power. Don't be
misled on the power question.
Don’t buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

The lino is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall¬
ing in. etc. We've been rank¬
ing these dependable farm
_ power for many years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of uses for such a power. Let us send you our
little book, "PowerEeonomy and Elllclsncy.” Free.

The James Lcltel & Co., Boi^60^grlngHeld^^

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning are made light
by using Louden’s

Feed and Litter '
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
through 3iabliiiR8, over switches and on
curved tracks. Huns easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above head.
A labor and time saver— no barn complete
without it. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Tools, Flexible
Barn Door Hangers.
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc, Address

Loudon Machinery Co#
39 Broadway,
lv Fairfield, low*.

sSgSSsS

723

Goodhue

Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free
booklet explains their many ad-
vamages, and tel Is about our new

INDESTRUCTIBLE

TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical Informa¬
tion that should be in the hands of every farmer.
Send for it to-day and ask about our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

APPLETON MFG. CO.

27 FARGO ST. BATAVIA, ILL.

n ijpjMwaamMMBMM ■

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build All Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don't leak.

CA LDW ELL TOW K US don 't fall
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. K. CALDWKLL CO.

Louisville, Ky-

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14x8

Wagon Scales

On trial. Pay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N. Y.

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AN EQUAL!

Built by the oldest concern making MANURE
SPREADERS in this country. Twenty-eight
years of experience behind it.

Is built to stand hard knocks.

Spreads every kind of barnyard manure.
Leads all others In Improvements.

Built in different sizes, to meet all demands.

Let us send you our booklet, “A Savings Bank
on Wheels,” free to everybody.

THE RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO.
Worcester, Massachusetts.

CDCC CTHRY int®rest to every farmer and his
* ■*££ O I Ull I family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will be sent abso¬
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg. Co., 111 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Once tried — always used
Pratts Distemper Cure.

Madeby Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Com
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels. J
» Catalog free. We pay the freight. I

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., liox 302. Atlanta, Ga. l

AW MILL

I PIE >DI»CE MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE

The construction i» ho dimple ant! durable that it never gives
any trouble The driver completely controls the feed from his
seat without stopping the machine. Wrought steel wheels with
wide tires. Can be tarried in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and can be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY

The enormous saving in time and labor, ita superiority over
others, make it an investment that pays for itself in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free upon request, describing the
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

LAND IMPLEMENT fiA.. nnrthhH M V-

£harpl«s

CJ TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

Demand a Look Inside

fife GP

51 DAIRY TUBULAR BOWL— All Apart

“Bucket bowl" separator makers falsely claim to make separators with light, simple, easv-
to- wash bowls. We are the only makers who dare show a picture of our bowl — all others
refuse. There are secret difficulties about other bowls the makers want to hide. Pictures
would betray them. Other makers fear pictures. Our handsome Catalog Z-153 tells these
secrets. Write for it today.

The sharples separator co.

Toronto, Can. WEST CHESTER, PA. Chicago, III.

Are as much superior to other

CREAM SEPARATORS

As such other separators are
to gravity setting systems.

Send for 1905 catalogue and name of your local agent.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
y & 1 1 Drurnm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cort/andt Streetf
NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDarmot Avenue.
WINNIPEG.

724

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

September 30, 1905.

HUMOROUS

A sprightly young fellow in Nashua,
Determined to throw all his cashua.

Cried loudly : “Ha, ha !

Bring ine pate de foie gras."

And disdainfully motioned the hashua.

— Credit Lost.

"Can't I go out in the back yard and
play in the garden, mamma?” “Certainly
not, child. You must stay in and study
your nature books.” — Life.

Visitor: “My .good man. you keep
your pigs much too near the house.” Cot¬
tager: “That's just what the doctor said,
mum. But I don’t see how it’s agoin’ to
hurt ’em !”■ — Punch.

“Here's a letter from a woman,” said
the answer-to-correspondent editor, “who
wants to know what to use in cleaning
carpets.” “If she is a married woman.”
suggested the snake editor, “tell her to
use her husband.” — Chicago News.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At 1VHOLESA ¥,1? PRICKS, Delivered I^KEI
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VIC Dealer
profits. In use 61 years. Officially (indorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise yo. ۥ .Vrite tor Samples
o. W. INQERSOLL. 24G Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. V

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percent, commission

to get unlem for our ceielu’tilmi '1 cun
Coflees, Splcra, Extract h and linking
Powder, beetitiful Present h mid Coupon*
with every PiuvIihhl*. CH A HU Eh t* A i ft
For prompt attention addreHa Mr. J, J. D.
care of

TMKOKKAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. 0. Box 2dl), 31 -33 VeueySt., New York

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEEL CH.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

DOWDEN POTATO
DIGGERS

I Am the Paint Man

2 Full Gallons Free to Try— 6 Months Time to Pay

1AM the
paint man.
I ha vo a
new way of
manufacturing
and selling
paints. It’s
unique — it’ ■

B!L,„

st. i.ouU, Mo. plan was in¬
vented paint was sold in two ways—
either ready-mixed or the ingredients
were bought and mixed by the painter.

Ready-mixed paint settles on the
shelves, forming a sediment at the bot¬
tom of the can.

The mineral in ready-mixed paint,
when standing in oil, eats the life out of
the oil. The oil is the very iile of all
paints.

■ Paint made by the painter cannot be
ftroperly mado on account of lack of the
heavy mixing machine.

My paint is unlike any other paint in
the world.

It is ready to use, but not ready-
mixed.

My paint is made to order after each
order is received, packed in hermetically
sealed cans with the very day it is made

stamped on each can by my factory In¬
spector.

I ship my pigment— which is white
lead, zinc, drier and coloring matter
ireshly ground, after order Is received-
in separate cans, and in another can I
ship my Oilo, which is pure old process
linseed cil, tho kind that you used to buy
years ago before the paint manufactur¬
ers, to cheapen the cost of paint, worked
in adulterations.

1 sell my paint direct from my factory
to user at my very low factory price: you
pay no dealer or middleman profits.

I pay the freight on six gallons or
over.

My paint is so good that I make this
wonderfully fair test offer:

When you receive your shipment of
paint, you can use two full gallons— that
will cover 600 square feet of wall— two
coats.

If. after you have used that much of
my paint, you are not perfectly satisfied
with it fa every detail, you can return the
remainder of your order and the two gal¬
lons will not cost you one penny.

No other paint manufacturer ever
made such a liberal offer.

It is because I manufacture the finest
paint, put up in the best way, that I can
make this offer.

f go even further.

I sell all of my paint on six months’
time, if desired.

This gives you an opportunity to
paint your buildings when they need it,
and pay for the paint at your convenience.

Back of my paint stands my Eight
Year, officially signed, iron-clad^
Guarantee.

This Is the longest and most lib¬
eral guarantee ever put on a paint.

For further particulars regarding
my plan of selling, and complete col¬
or card of all colors, send a postal to
O. L. Chase, St. Louis, Mo.

I will send my paint book— the
most complete book of its kind ever
published— absolutely free. Also my
instruction book entitled “This Little
Book Tells How To Paint” and copy
of my 8 year guarantee.

The Taint
Man

NOTE.— My 8 Year Guarantee backed by 850,000 Bond.

415 Sixth Street

The machines that get all the yw'Tv'l/ potatoes in
any kind of soil, deep or shallow smooth or
rough. Delivered to pickers clean and s on n d.

Easily handled, strong and durable. Simplest and
most practical machine made for potato harvesting.

Send for catalogue.

DOWDEN MFC. CQ,t Box 622 Prairie City, la.

20th Century Wagon Box and RacK

Contains 170 ft of clear, well seasoned lumber. 200 bolts, and 75 pounds of best Malleable Castings
and other irons. r*i need two coats witb best wagon paint. Honestly made and better
man y .hi expect. Can naui car corn, potatoes, bulk gram, nay, straw, or live stock, bold

direct to the

farmer. Your
money back if
not satisfied.
Write for free
Catalogue.

MODEL MFC. COMPANY,
Box 289, Muncie, Indiana.

The Celebrated TORNADO FEED and ENSILAGE GUTTERS

have no equal. Made in sizes to suit everybody. Exeels all other make* for cutting either dry material
or ensilage. Up-to-date in every particular. Strong, durable, runs light and smooth. Furnished with
chain Carrier or Blower. Blower case made of cast
iron without seams or joints, consequently, stiff,
strong and SAFK. The TORNADO puts 20 per cent
more cut ensilage into a given space or silo than can
bo done by any other make of Cutter.

Agents
Wanted

Special propositions
to good, live dealers.

Write for Catalog
and prices.

W. R. HARRISON

&. CO., MANUFACTURERS, MASSILLON, OHIO

Baldwin and
Gale- Baldwin

Get Speed and
Right Work.

Self
Feed.
Cut

Hfel Length.

Ensilage Cutters.

Machines approach perfection in both cutting
and elevating. Adjust for four lengths cut
Side or straight away delivery. All sizes for
all powers. Write for catalogue.

Rolcher 8 Taylor A. T. Co.,

Box 78, Chicopee Fall., Mass,

The

HORSE POWERS

THRASHERS
and CLEANERS

Wood

Saws

One A two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level Qyyj^p^
Write for catalogue.

Tread, Perfect Governor. Feed & Knsilage

ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’LWORKS, PoUstown, F?

DOES IT EASILY, TOO!

If you keep cows, you want to get all the cream, for that means the
most profit; and it’s economy to get it the easiest way with the least work
and bother. The improved

U. S. Cream Separator

Which Holds World’s Record for Close Skimming
provides not only the most profitable, but the easiest and least sxpen*

»ive way to handle your milk.

Bethel, Me., January n, 1905.

“I know that the U. S. Cream Separator stands ahead of anything else
for clean skimming and I can make more butter with that than any
other way and it turns easy. I run it and the childten run it.

“ MRS. E. E. CHASE.”

Send for booklet No. 378-A, illustrated in colors,
explaining in detail about the durable and simple
construction of the U. S., and showing plainly why it

Gets the Most Cream

YERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Yt.

16 Distributing Warehouses throughout tha United States and (‘uuada^^J

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

, crt'aae* the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.

Tfj f 1 Juekium'K Knund I>raln Tile meets every requirement. We also inako Sewer
El . V- A Pipe, Ited and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
-- fr,r whil1 veil waul, and lineeH. JOHN It. JACKSON, 7« Third Axe., Albany, N.Y.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built, by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any Ignorant boy or woman
80 well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest, otfice

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

... .. .... 239 Fr.iilil In St., Bouton

*■’ ''a,wi> sl • -N' " M) CraiK si .WrM. Miiu'.re.l,!'. q.

40 UearlMirn si., ( tiii-Aiiii. iv.in.v N s. W.

40 North till St., I’lillvlclphix. 1 ,,,l‘ bt-> Syau'y> ^

•Tenlente-K.y 71, Havana. Cub*.

A Home

IN THE

Northwest

Thousands of acres of land, of which large
tracts have been reclaimed by irrigation, are now
open for settlement in

OREGON, WASHINGTON and IDAHO

Why not visit this vast territory and thus
realize for yourself its great possibilities more
fully? Low one way rates will be in effect to all
points in the North-West, from Sept. 15 to Oct.
31, 1905, from

CHICAGO • $33.00
ST. LOUIS - $30.00

VIA

Union Pacific

AND CONNECTIONS

Two trains daily. Through sleeping and dining
car service. Quickest Time.

Inquire of

E. L. LOMAX, C. P. & T. A.

OMAHA, NEB.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2906.

NEW YORK, OCTOBER 7, 1905

WEEKLY, $1.00 PEK YEAli

SUGGESTIONS ABOUT SEED GROWING.

Generally speaking, it does not pay the average gar¬
dener to try to grow his own seed. There are reliable
seedsmen who can do this work better, for the ama¬
teur will soon find that this is a special business. Ex¬
cept in special cases it will be a waste of time for the
grower to try to save seeds from his garden. Still, as
we have many requests from those who wish to know¬
how the work is done, we print the following simple
rules of selection and care.

QUALITIES SOUGHT — A grower who under¬
takes to improve a variety usually has one or two ob¬
jects in view. Either earliness or increase in yield, or
possibly both ; what he gains in earliness he loses in
yield or quality, or vice versa. Thus we have in Cory
corn something early, but poor in quality and yield
compared to Evergreen. Then, again, in Nott’s Excel¬
sior peas we have quality and earliness but poor yield.
Many of our plants deteriorate very rapidly if grown
under unfavorable conditions, so that the seed growrer
must constantly select his best specimens to use for
stock in order to keep his seed up to the standard.
Thus if we should save seed from the
remnants ot a crop of peas after the vines
had been picked we would soon have
vines producing pods with from one to
four peas, or in the case of corn, the ears
would gradually become smaller and
later. The grower should always remem¬
ber that all varieties have a tendency to¬
ward deterioration, and that it is easier
to breed in 10 defects than to breed out
a single one.

BEANS. — Select the earliest pods that
have the desired shape, and the largest
number of beans. Pull the vines when
the above pods have become tough and
leathery; pick off all undesirable pods, and
allow to- dry.

CORN. — Mark desirable ears, such as
ripen the silk first for earliness; allow the
stalks to stand until the husk has become
partly dry, and the kernels are shriveled;
dien select ears that are symmetrical, uni¬
form in size, and having the smallest
cob- Size of cob may be seen by shell¬
ing out a row' of kernels. The ears should
be dried as rapidly as possible in the -open
air, and stored in a dry place.

CUCUMBERS. — If the grower desires to improve his
strain of cucumbers as regards earliness, select ihe
first fruits that are uniform in size and pinch off the
vine at the second joint beyond the fruit. The short
fruit will be earlier than those that are inclined to grow
long. If cucumbers are wanted for pickling the longer
type is desirable. The cucumbers in either case should
be left on the vine until they mature and have become
yellow. Care should be taken that no defective speci¬
mens are used. The cucumbers are then cut in two
and the seed scraped out in a wooden or earthen ves¬
sel, and exposed to the sun until the pul]) encircling the
seed has rotted, when they can be washed in water
until the seed sinks and is free from all sticky sub¬
stance, when a few hours’ drying in the sun will fit
them for storing away.

EGG PLANT. — Select the most desirable specimens,
allow but one or two fruit to remain on the plant, thus
hastening the ripening. Allow the fruit to ripen to
the point of decay, when it may be cut open in slices
and the seed separated from the greater part of the
pulp, the whole mass to be treated same as cucumber.
Care must be taken to wash out seed before discolora¬
tion occurs.

LETTUCE — Select the most perfect heads, those
showing the least tendency to go to seed, saving heads
well formed, with leaves that closely confine the heart,

When the heart assumes a conical shape a slight cut
across the head will facilitate the growth of the seed
stalk. If the weather should be wet, so that the plant
is liable to rot, a portion of the lower leaves should be
removed. As soon as the plant is in bloom (where
but a few are grown) tie to a stake. When the seed
head shows a downy condition the majority of the seeds
are ripe, when they should be gathered and dried on
sheets to be thrashed and cleaned later.

MELONS. — Select specimens of uniform size and
of desirable shape. If muskmelons they should be
well netted, which is an indication of quality. Pinch
off the vine as for cucumbers, and permit them to ripen
thoroughly before cutting. When cutting make an¬
other selection, saving seed from fruits that have thick
meat and small seed cells. Seed can then be treated
the same as for cucumbers. Select watermelons having
the thinnest rind and the deepest color ; treatment of
seed same as above, except that the seed can be washed
at once-

SQUASHES. — The above rules apply to squashes, ex¬
cept that wartiness in the crookneck and Hubbard is
an indication of dryness and quality.

PEAS. — Same as beans, except that the vines should
be pulled as soon as the first pods become somewhat
tough and have turned to a light green in color. If
peas are left thoroughly to ripen it has a tendency to
make them later. The peas should be a light green
when dry.

PEPPERS. — The fruit can be picked when they
commence to turn red, and allowed to stand until thor¬
oughly red. when they can be cut so as to remove the
portion holding the seed. The seed should be imme¬
diately scraped off and dried in the sun.

RADISH. — Thin out seedlings of early radish to
give plenty of room for development of plant. Allow
the plant to remain until the majority of pods are ripe.
Pull up plant and root, and save seed from those roots
that have the desired shape, discarding others. Cut
off roots, dry the pods and tops, and rub out seeds
between the hands.

SPINACH. — Select plants that have the broadest
and thickest leaves- Permit the seed to get thoroughly
ripe before cutting. It can be easily cleaned by same
method as radish.

TOMATOES. — To stimulate earliness, which is a
most desirable quality in the tomato, the most nearly
perfect fruit should be selected from plants that show
a tendency to ripen a goodly number of fruit early,
rather than the first fruit of plants that are heavy

yieldcrs. Select only fruit that are perfect in form,
without any defect on blossom end. Allow them to
stand after picking until thoroughly ripe, then cut cross¬
wise so that the seed cells are exposed. The cells
should be few and small, the walls thick. Avoid a
hard green core. The core should be as ripe and soft
as the walls. Having selected such specimens, squeeze
out pulp and seed in a wooden vessel, and allow it to
decompose in the sun for a few days, then add a quan¬
tity of water and stir thoroughly, when the seed will
sink and the refuse can be poured off. Wash seed un¬
til no coloring matter remains. The seed can then be
dried in the sun in a few hours.

BIENNIALS are those vegetables producing seed
the second year. Beets, parsnips, carrots and turnips
should be kept in pots or the cellar until time of plant¬
ing. For beets, select specimens that are uniform and
true to type. Avoid all irregular deformed specimens.
As a dark blood-red is desirable in the beet, a small
plug can be taken out of each specimen when planted
in the Spring, and only those that have the desired color
should be planted. The seed is allowed fully to mature
before cutting. Avoid cutting top so close as to in¬
jure crown; it is much better to twist off
the tops of roots that are to be saved for
seed. Keep roots in a temperature that
will prevent growth during Winter for
best results. For parsnips select speci¬
mens with a broad crown and short root.

CELERY. — Celery can be kept over in
trenches. When set out for seed only
vigorous specimens should be selected ;
subsequent treatment same as for carrots,
CABBAGE. — Cabbage is a crop that
requires some skill to select, and the
grower of seed should choose only such
specimens as are true to the type desired.
Avoid a leafy head, that is, one showing
a tendency to grow an abundance of
leaves with small head. Make the selec¬
tion from specimens having the fewest
leaves ; the plants should be gathered be¬
fore severe freezing, and stored in any
manner to prevent the roots from drying
too much, or the heads from rotting. The
plants are set in early Spring and the
heads cut (see lettuce) as soon as growth
begins in the Spring. It is claimed that a
superior seed can be raised if the side
shoots are broken off and only the center
stalk allowed to form seed, thus avoiding such
bud variations as may occur if the numerous side
shoots are permitted to produce seed. If early cabbage
is the desired variety the seed should be sown later
in the season, so that the stock will be in better con¬
dition to store. The seed stalk is cut when pods begin
to ripen, the whole dried and thrashed, and then thor¬
oughly cleaned.

ONIONS. — Select for seed specimens that have the
desired type, with a small neck, and are perfectly
round. An onion of large size has a tendency to pro¬
duce two or more seed 'stalks, and will generally pro¬
duce seed that will increase the number of scallions
or thick-necks ; therefore it is advisable to select only
onions of medium size, and in no way deformed or
thick-necked. Onions for seed should be kept in a
cool place until Spring, then set in rows 12 to 14 inches
apart, three inches apart in the row. When the first
seed pods in the cluster will shell out the seed is fit to
cut. Cut about eight or L0 inches of the stalk with seed
ball and dry in the shade on sheets. When thor¬
oughly dry the seed can be rubbed out between the
hands; then the seed and husk can be sifted through a
sieve having a Rs-inch mesh. The seed can then be
put in water, when the good seed will sink and the
chaff can be poured off. The seed should be imme¬
diately dried and put away, John jeannin, jr.

APPLE PICKING IN PENNSYLVANIA. Fig. 307. See Page 728.

726

October 7,

A BATCH OF COW NOTES.

Autumn Care and Feeding.

SHELTER THE COWS.— Cold nights are now com¬
ing on, and it pays to keep the cows in the barn, espe¬
cially nights. One of the men coining down this morn¬
ing said: “Harter’s cows were all humped up standing
by the wall this morning, and I don’t believe they were
making milk very fast.” It had been raining hard all
night, and no matter if it is a warm rain, the cattle are
better off' and will give more milk under cover. About
a week ago it rained very hard half a day, but a warm
rain. We let out the cows as usual, but the next
morning there was a shrinkage of 30 quarts in about
45 cows. That milk is lost forever, and with a little
care we might have avoided it

SUMMER HAY FEEDING. — We skipped the Au¬
gust drop in milk flow this year. Although the Sum¬
mer has been unusually dry until latter part of August,
and pasture grew scanty, we made up by liberal feeding,
and July 15 began to feed hay in the barn at night and
have kept up this feeding of either hay or oats and peas
or rowen to the present time. The cows are in good
condition now, and we expect them to shell out a good
lot all Winter. It looked queer to be feeding hay in
the middle of July, long before some people had even
commenced haying, and “What will you do in Winter
for feed?” but we expect to have plenty now and then.
We have had a lot of good manure to top-dress the
meadows and there is no better time in the year to
do it than now. A good crop of rowen is now waiting
to be cut where this was done, where for some time
after haying it looked as if there would be none on ac¬
count of the drought. We are glad to say we have
reached that state where we really like to see cows eat,
and the more they eat the better we enjoy it, as we
know that in order to do their best they must have suf¬
ficient feed every day in the year. The trouble with
too many cows is there are streaks of feast and streaks
of famine through which they pass, and too many of us
expect the cow to keep right up to top notch all the
time. Some of us to whom economy and thrift have
been preached, and its practice made to follow too
closely in some lines, have really become parsimonious
in our views on feeding, and rather begrudge the cow
more than a limited amount of feed. We must raise
more feed, so that the cows will have sufficient all the
time. The cows have never come home so well at
night as since this feeding begun, and they are usually
at the gate waiting for us when it is time to come home.
We have found that it doesn’t pay to drive cows that
are heavy milkers very far to pasture- The nearer they
can get their feed to the barn the better it will be.

BARN VENTILATION. — We went through his
barn not long ago, and it is no wonder the cows, the
milk and the men are dirty. In planning (?) the stable
sufficient room was not left behind the cows on either
side of the barn, and one cannot walk behind the cows
without stepping continually in manure. This always
having one’s feet dirty breeds dirt in other things, and
the workers get so used to seeing and being in it that
they forget how to be real clean. An extra two feet
back of the cows would have cost but a few dollars, but
would have added a good many in cleanliness and value
to the farm product. Some people seem to think that
keeping a barn clean doesn’t pay. It does in dollars
and cents, and also in satisfaction, which is equally
valuable. Try it. They make milk used in a city hos¬
pital, and the cows are tuberculin tested, but when
we opened the door both of us fairly gasped. The air
was so thick and heavy that one could almost cut it
with a knife, as the expression goes. Moisture was
streaming down the sides of the wall. We asked the
attendant if there were no ventilators and he pointed to
four openings (?) in the wall at top of the stable cov¬
ered with wire mesh, but these were so covered with
dirt and cobwebs that they were not working. A loud-
voiced foreigner was chasing the cows into their places
with a club and terrific yells. The stables were dirty
and we came away sorry for the hospital that got this
certified milk.

SAVE THE MANURE. — The reason given by a
good many farmers as to why they do not raise more
and better crops is that they do not have enough ma¬
nure to use, and cannot afford to buy fertilizer. Yet
I believe I am justified in saying that not 10 per cent
of our farmers save all the manure that is made on
their farms. The bulk of it does get on the land some
time, but there is a great waste, especially on farms
where it is needed the most. If one can make sufficient
manure to top-dress the mowing land yearly and for the
bulk of the crops save perhaps potatoes (which we
think are bette. ’grown with fertilizer alone) the farm
will be found to be growing richer and larger and better
crops will be the result. I believe in getting the manure
on to the land just as soon as possible, and by a little
forethought there need not be much break in the plan.
The supply may be considerably increased by planning

to save all- None should be allowed to weather save on

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

the fields where needed. Especial care should be taken
to save every drop of the liquid manure, as it is equally
as valuable as the solid. I believe in “drops” back of
the cows, and the use of absorbents in the ditch. If
the cows are plentifully bedded, and this pays in com¬
fort and cleanliness alone, and horse manure and other
substances used that will absorb the liquid there need
be no waste A little land plaster sprinkled daily in
the drops and nearby will be found to be quite a help,
and will pay for itself in increased saving of manure.
Now is the time, if you have not already provided it, to
see that the Winter’s supply of bedding is put in. Many

A FAMOUS OLD OAK TREE. Fig 308.

things can be used for this. Dry sawdust is good.
Shavings we like better, as they do not cling to the
cows, and keep them somewhat cleaner. Dry leaves
are good, and can be gathered in large quantities in
some localities. Swamp hay is good, but should be cut
up, as it will absorb more and handle better in the ma¬
nure, and there is much less waste with the cut hay.
Dried muck and some kinds of road dust make good
absorbents. Straw is available on some farms. This
should be used cut for same reason as hay, but most
eastern farmers either sell their straw or use it for
feeding. There is a much more comfortable feeling
when Winter’s winds and snow begin to blow to feel
that we have a sufficient stock of good bedding on
hand both to keep the animals clean and comfortable
and add very largely to the manure pile.

GREAT CORN CROPS. — We have never seen such
corn as has been grown in our section this season. Our
own crop is immense, but there are plenty of others
in a similar boat. We picked a couple of stalks off
the top of a load the other dav. and thev weighed 17.9
pounds, and these were not single exceptions by any
means. The corn averages 13 to 14 feet in height, and
four and five stalks running through a No. 16 cutter
fill the lags of the carrier, which means some corn.
We are daily hearing the complaint that “we can’t get
all our corn in silo and have had to stook a lot of it.”
This means a good deal to many farmers who have a
short hay crop on account of drought. I have also
heard several farmers mourn the fact that they raised
no corn this year, as season had been too poor for two
or three years, and they hadn’t faith to hold on. Short
hay and no corn makes a blue farmer. I have seen
some fields that will run 30 tons to the acre, and know
of one farm where there are 15 acres that will surely
cut 225 to 250 tons. At a recent dairymen’s meeting
held at the farm of A. J. Pierpont, New Haven

ORPHANS AND THEIR NURSE. Fig. 309.

County, I made a statement referring to a nearby corn¬
field, that it would run 25 tons to the acre. Right after
the meeting a good farmer came up and said : “Where’s
that corn that will cut 25 tons to the acre? That won’t
cut over 15 tens.” I went out with him, measured off a
piece, weighed same, and figured out acre yield on that
basis, and it was 84,000 and some odd pounds per acre,
a little over 42 tons. He had qne three-acre piece of the
finest corn that any of the large party there had seen,
14 to 16 feet high: a stalk every six inches, and of uni¬
form large size. Mr. Pierpont started this farm a few
years ago $8,000 in the f‘hole.” He has got well out of
the hole, but says if it hadn’t been for this kind of corn

he would still be back in it. If farmers will only use
right kind of grain with this cheap feed there ought to
be some profit in milk making this Winter.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

IS CROSS-BREEDING USEFUL?

A striking feature of the Year Book of the U. S-
Department of Agriculture for 1904 is the number of
articles devoted to hybridization or cross-breeding.
There are five of these articles which may be described
shortly as follows: Relation of Plant Physiology to
Agriculture; New Citrus Creations; Sugar-Beet Seed
Breeding; Tobacco Breeding and Animal Breeding.
There are also numerous references to the general sub¬
ject in other parts of the book. The article on Citrus
creations dwells on the fact of increased vigor of true
hybrids over that of their parentage. The article on
sugar-beet seed breeding affirms the superiority of
American-grown seed over imported seed. It says that
the products ol American-grown seed have shown in
sugar content, purity and yield marked superiority over
the products of foreign grown seed. The article on
animal breeding opens with a reference to an appro¬
priation of $25,000 by the Fifty-eighth Congress to be
used for the production of American breeds of animals.
We learn from it that tire Department has selected the
Iowa Experiment Station to develop an American breed
of sheep and the Colorado Experiment Station to de¬
velop an American breed of horses. All of the work
thus outlined presupposes more or less cross-breeding.
And yet almost every agricultural journal we take up
discourages cross-breeding. Why is this? Is our U. S.
Department of Agriculture being misled?

s. HOXIE.

R. N.-Y. — It is one thing for our experiment stations
to spend pubb’c money in cross-breeding animals and
quite another for a practical farmer to spend private
money in mixing up his flock and herds. It will re¬
quire years perfect these “new” American breeds,
and there could be but little profit in the animals while
the work of selection is going on. The vast majority
of the animals that pay taxes and mortgages on Amer¬
ican farms are “cross-bred” ; that is, graded stock with
more or less pure blood from the sire. It is wise for
the Government to experiment, but we think the prac¬
tical farmer should breed as closely as possible to the
type he has in mind, and thus select male animals of one
breed and definite character.

NEGLECTING THE HOME MARKET.

The following article from Texas Farm and Ranch
ought to be printed in large letters and hung in thou¬
sands of farm homes. It applies not only to Texas,
but to every State in the Union. We may safely say
that there is no place on earth where the local or home
market has been filled. From Mexico to Canada there
are small places where farm produce can be sold to
advantage, and many of them are now supplied from
a distance.

.“It was our pleasure a few days since, to sit at table
in a Texas home, on which a tasteful variety of foods
was spread. There was crisp lettuce, delicate cauli¬
flower, firm, red tomatoes and fresh roasting ears mak¬
ing up a delightful vegetable dinner. We remarked
on the perfection of these vegetables, and were in¬
formed that each and every one of them came from
California in refrigerator cars. We were curious as
to the cost of these imported items and were told that
each dish represented an expenditure of only five cents
at the grocer’s. The table seated six persons.

“Further investigation showed that these vegetables
were grown under irrigation in far-away California. We
pondered the facts. Why should Texas be a Summer
market for California vegetables? There -must be
10,000 Texas families in towns and cities to-day eating
from the same fields on which grew these vegetables.
How can a Californian, on $200 land, buy irrigation
water, grow a crop in midsummer, pay freight and re¬
frigeration for a 1.500-mile shipment and sell his pro¬
duct through retailers to consumers at reasonable
prices? Here is certainly skill in growing; but most
of all the system of distribution and marketing strikes
one with peculiar force. The commercial instinct has
been developed in connection with the growing of
these California products so that the world’s markets
are conquered by the very cheapness of the goods
offered. If Texas had no irrigation water, no Sum¬
mer rains, no market gardens, no railroads for dis¬
tribution of perishables, we could easily reconcile the
conditions and the facts. But why is it that her
gardeners persist in their habit of overlooking home
markets and glutting foreign cities which serve as
points of concentration? In justice to Texas we must
state that the fresh meat served by our hostess on that
day, was grown, fed and slaughtered in the State and
the salt used was from a Texas mine. The butter
was from Kansas, coffee from Brazil and sugar from
the beet fields of California;”

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

727

THE LEBANON OAK.

One of the old landmarks in the beautiful Lebanon
Valley, about two miles from the Mt. Lebanon colony
of Shakers, is an immense White oak tree standing on
the roadside. Its age has been the subject of much
discussion, but 150 years is thought to be a very con¬
servative estimate. The branches have a spread of 87
feet, those on the south side being nearly twice the
length of the others, and the trunk, which is hollow,
measures 18 feet in circumference at two feet from the
ground. On the north side, near the ground, is a
small opening into which, one Fourth of July several,
years ago, a small boy threw a lighted fire-cracker.
The rotten wood of the interior caught fire from the
explosion, and although the opening was kept plugged
with a wet blanket the fire smoldered for 12 days
before it could be extinguished. As the trunk became
quite warm it was feared the old oak would be seri¬
ously injured, but to the surprise of all, the foliage
the following season was unusually luxuriant. To-day
the tree appears as if it had taken a new lease of life
on account of the cleaning out of the decayed matter
within. The old Indian trail beneath its branches
became a well-traveled carriage road many years ago.
The tread of the. red man's moccasin has given place
to the puffing of the automobile, and the aged relic of
the primeval forest now supports on one of its branches
the wires of a telephone company. c. B. c.

RAISING PIGS BY HAND.

Some time ago there was an item in the New York
Sun telling of the death of an imported sow in quar¬
antine, and of a motherless litter of little pigs left
behind, which were successfully raised by hand. Fig.
209 shows another batch of orphans which were raised
on the bottle from two days of age. They are pure¬
bred Berkshires, sire a Biltmore bred boar, dam a very
fine registered sow. She had a litter of 11, but only
five were alive and six stillborn. She seemed to get
over farrowing all right but the second day acted a
little dumpish and by evening acute penitonitis set in
and soon finished her. The man in the picture, Peter
Balls, was with the sow all night while she was far¬
rowing. and as soon as she died set about doing his
best for the little pigs. He got a nursing bottle, and I
told the dairyman to give him what milk he required,
and he started in as nurse with the result shown in the
picture. As the above is something which may come
to anyone who breeds bogs. I would say, don’t give
up the little pigs, but start right in and raise them on
a bottle. I wish those who treat hogs as though they
were only made to be knocked about and abused could
see Peter and his little pigs climbing all over him. and
with the older hogs, brood sows, etc., all around him in a
large yard. I think they would come to the conclu¬
sion that kindness even with hogs was the best policy.
The little pigs were just four weeks old when their
picture was taken- I am sure you will agree with me
that they show they have had good care and nursing,
and are quite at home with their nurse. A. M.

.Long Island. _

FRUITS FOR WET GROUND.

I have a piece of land, about an acre, just back of my
hogpen. It is naturally wet, getting the drainage of the
barnyard and also of a ditch coining through the barnyard.
In the Spring it is usually soaked with water, though not
overflowed. It used to grow Timothy but now it is overrun
with tall white Asters about four feet high and it is a reg¬
ular eyesore. The soil is heavy alluvial loam, mostly barn¬
yard wash, with clay subsoil. There would be more en¬
couragement to cut the weeds if something profitable, also
grew there. Would any kind of fruit do well? I have
a few pears and plums growing along the fence, same kind
of soil, and they seem to do well except that the plums rot
badly. The pears are Bartletts. The apples on a tree or two
that I have nearby seem to mildew in wet seasons. This
year it has been very dry. Do you think pears would do
at all well there, and if so, what varieties are best for
such a soil? I have a few Kieffers doing well on heavy
clay, but would prefer some other variety. I do not want
to put in cultivated crops, as the chickens would scratch
them all out. I do not wish to cultivate anyway ; I have
too much else to do. If you recommend fruit trees, when
would I better set them, this Fall or next Spring? b. c.

Red Hook, N. Y.

It is evident from the statements of the writer that the
piece of land mentioned is quite wet, especially in the
early part of the growing season. What it needs at
once is thorough underdraining. It is not fit for grow¬
ing any kind of fruit now, and the pear is especially
unsuited to wet land. When well drained this land
will probably grow orchard fruits or berries to good ad¬
vantage. As it is desired to grow something that will
not be troubled by chickens it would seem, to me that
apple trees would be the best thing to plant; and as it
is not desirable to cultivate the ground the “grass cul¬
ture” method might be used. While T do not approve
of this method for general use there are no doubt places
where it does suit, and this may be one of them. The
grass should be cut and piled about the trees in suffi¬
cient quantity thoroughly to mulch them. While the
trees are small they may not need all the grass to pe.

left on the ground, but after about the first five years
it should be cut and left to rot where cut. Mowing-
several times every Summer will keep down all weeds
as well as the grass. If it is desired to let poultry run
in the orchard it will in no wise injure the trees, but
be an advantage to them, and to the fowls as well. It
does not matter whether the trees are planted in Fall or
Spring, but in no case until the land is well drained.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

DAIRY BARN FOR THE SOUTH.

Will you give a plan of barn for 20 cows and four horses,
with loft for hay? F. G.

New Bern, N. C.

1 should say the diagram. Fig. 310, would meet
the requirements of the case The barn will be 40 feel
wide, cows standing heads together, with the space
between stanchions nine feet. This will be wide enough

k

to drive through with team if desired when feeding

green feed. The cow platform will need to be four
feet 10 inches or five feet wide, depending upon size of
cows. The space back of cows, after making a gutter
l(i inches wide, should be not less than five feet nor
more than eight. The latter width will be wide enough
to drive in with team and haul manure direct from

stable to field, the only cheap and proper way. It will

be observed that a passage has been left at one end
of stable either three or four feet wide, as the builder
may desire, for carrying grain, which is directly oppo¬
site the granary door, and for general purpose of

reaching the opposite row of cows. If the builder
prefer, he could change this passage to a point more
nearly central. It would be more convenient for gen¬
eral use, and by changing the granary door not in¬
convenient for that purpose. We have provided four
box stalls, a part of barn construction usually lacking.
They can be used for horses, cows, calves or for
storage, and these are in a very convenient place.

The carriage drive is in rectangular form, and can
be built or not at the will of the builder. If not it
will not interfere with the general plan of the stable.
A door can be cut into granary from carriage barn, or
if not biiilt, unloading could take place from out of
doors directly into granary. The carriage barn of 28
feet is long enough for team and heavy wagon, and
would certainly be a handy room for many purposes, if
not for carriages. I have provided a set-off for har¬
ness (a) just back of horse stalls. I would not care
for any doors to it if used for double Work harness-
Harness are taken off and hung up quickly and one
soon tires of opening and shutting doors. A small
harness space for light harness could be made in same
compartment inclosed with doors. We have also
planned for horses and cows in the same room. It will
be noticed that a door and a continuation of box

TOMATO LIVINGSTON’S GLOBE. REDUCED IN SIZE.

Fig. 311. See Ruralisms, Page 730.

stall partition up to ceiling will separate them. I would
not build box stall partitions more than breast high.
Put in windows enough to give four square feet to each
animal. Please observe the points of compass, and so
provide plenty of sunlight. 1 would use swing stanch¬
ions, hung with chains; there are several good ones on
the market. The strength of the cross-beams and
joists will depend upon the height and weight of hay
above. The opportunity for support below through
partitions and cow mangers is good. No truss above
will be necessary. The hay can be easily put into
tbe loft above with a track and car projecting out of
the gable at either end- Make the track of two by
four scantling, twtj of them side by side, find cover

with quite heavy band iron one inch wide. This makes
a better combination than all iron or all wood. By all
means use nothing but cement for floors throughout.

h. E. COOK.

UPS AND DOWNS OF INSECTS.

What has become of the Hessian fly this year? We hear
little about damage from it.

Most insect pests have their periods of increase and
decrease, and the Hessian fly is a notable instance
where parasites and other natural enemies play a very
important role in causing these “ups and downs” of
insect life. Whde the insect does more or less damage
in wheat fields every year, there are certain notable
"Hessian-fly years,” or years of excessive damage, like
those of 1779, 1817, 1844-46, 1877 and 1889-1901 in New
York State. The insect has not been notably injurious
in New York this year, and I am not familiar with
conditions in other parts of the country. It has several
very active parasites, or natural enemies, whose im¬
portance can scarcely be overestimated, for often nine-
tenths of the insects are destroyed by these parasites.
Thus the Hessian fly rarely does serious damage in the
same locality for more than two years in succession,
and then usually disappears as a pest for from 10 to 20
years in that locality. One prominent writer states
that he is fully satisfied that but for its natural enemies
the Hessian fly would render it impossible to grow
wheat successfully in many sections of the United
States. I think in the case of this insect that its ene¬
mies have more to do with its periods of increase and
decrease than the weather conditions, which often great¬
ly influence ether pests-

The army-worm is another striking example of the
“ups and downs” of insect life. Its insect enemies
are so active that rarely does the army-worm occur
in destructive numbers in the same locality more than
one season, and then there is usually a “down” period
of several years when the insect is scarcely noticed.
Other similar instances might be cited, but unfortunate¬
ly one cannot predict with as much certainty regarding
most of the other kinds of insect pests. This year, for
instance, the plum curculio is not a very serious pest in
many parts of New York, but we do not know enough
about tbe causes which govern these “ups and downs”
to enable us to predict with any certainty regarding it.
In the case of this insect its numbers are much influ¬
enced by the size of the crop of plums, cherries and
peaches, which may set and develop during certain
seasons. A small crop of these fruits one year usually
means less curculios the next year.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

CONCRETE IN A DAM.

I am intending to flood a part of my pasture for an ice
pond. At times there is quite a large amount of flood water,
and all the time a fair stream of spring water flowing
through the pasture. The dam will need to be about eight
rods long, and I wish it to be about six feet high in the
center. Muskrats burrow in the banks of the stream, and
t want, to guard against them. Is it practical to use con¬
crete in this work? if so. should there be banks of earth
on both sides of this, or a larger amount on the back? How
should I build my outlet so as readily to allow a large
amount of water to flow, and yet be able to draw the pond
off if desired? w,

Burnside, Conn.

Concrete can be used in constructing this dam, in the
following manner: Build a wall of concrete with the
side up stream perpendicular and the down stream face
with a slope of one horizontal to four perpendicular.
The top of the wall should be one foot in thickness, and
the width at bottom will depend upon the height of the
wall. A trench should be dug to solid earth or rock,
and the wall set in that. Below the wall stone should be
thrown to prevent the overflow at times of flood from
undermining the wall. The up-stream side of the wall
should be faced with earth sloping at an angle of 45
degrees or a little more. This earth can be obtained
from the bottom of the proposed reservoir, and will
have the effect of making the water deeper with a given
height of dam.

To make concrete, for every barrel of Portland cement
(such as Alpha, Vulcanite, etc.) use six barrels of
crushed rock not over two inches, and no earth. In
place of crushed stone you may use the same amount of
gravel and two barrels of clean sand. Mix thoroughly
the sand and cement. Now take your broken stone or
gravel, wet first, then place on top of the mixed pile,
add water and turn the entire pile at the same time. Add
sufficient water to make a workable mortar and apply
quickly. For tbe purpose of drawing off the water of
the pond when desired, lay a large sewer pipe at the
lowest point and bed the concrete wall around it. Some
kind of a gate may be fitted to the up-stream end, so
that it may be shut to retain the water or opened to
draw off the pond. A dam made in this way will be
a desirable and permanent structure, and not affected
by washouts or overflows. Some precautions will need
to be taken to prevent tbe pond from filling up with sedi¬
ment, The adjoining land should not be cultivated near
to it, and it might be well to open the sluice and let the
water run at the season of heavy showers. There will
he no trouble from muskrats \vith a dam of this kind.

G. DAVIS.

728

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 7,

GIRDLING GRAPEVINES.

I have just read note on page 666 on
girdling grapevines. My first thought was
that the writer did not know anything
about it, his experience is so different
from mine. I have done it and seen it
done for about 40 years, since I was a
small boy; my father has done it nearly
every year. The effect is not so marked,

1 think, if a large branch is girdled as
when it is a small one- The theory of.
girdling, as I have it, is that the sap of
the grape passes up through the .wood
and down between wood and bark. • The
proper time for the operation is from
June 25 to July 5; July 4, being a holiday,
was often the time chosen. Take, for
instance, a branch like a, remove the bark
clean or it will do no good. B shows

(T~* ] 03=0

qo oeo

bark removed. On the principle I have
suggested, while this separation is in
force, the sap passes up and coming back
cannot pass the bare wood, but from
above and below it begins to make new
wood, as shown in c and d. In five or
six weeks it will look something like d,
and be healed so that the sap will flow as
usual. You will notice, however, that
the vine above the cut is strikingly en¬
larged. I imagine the root may have
suffered during the separation, though
the vine will appear none the worse for
it, but during the separation that particu¬
lar branch will outgrow the others both
in foliage and fruit. The grapes on that
girdled branch can be easily picked out,
as they run among the others. The
bunches will be larger and handsomer,
and grapes larger and they will ripen a
few days earlier and be superior fruit.
Tf the whole vine or the greater portion
were girdled, or girdled too wide, so that
it could not heal, your correspondent may
be correct, but this I do not know, but,
as I have stated, in a small way, it is not
hurtful to the vine, and the grapes are
earlier and improved. f. t. jencks.

Rhode Island.

PRODUCTS , PRICES, AND TRADE.

Gbape trade is first rate. There is plenty
of western New York stock here and arrivals
from up the river show less of the sour
grapes ripened by ringing. The small handle
baskets (four-pound) are going from jobbers
hands now at 8 to 14 cents, according to
variety, Delaware, of course, being at the
top.

Peaches. — Arrivals at this market for the
past two weeks have been very heavy, result¬
ing in record low prices for the season. The
fruit has come from Jersey and other nearby
[joints, Connecticut, Michigan, Pennsylvania,
West Virginia and Maryland. The muggy
weather of last week made havoc with peaches,
both in orchards and on arrival here. It is
seldom that so many in the “going'’ stage
are seen. More Connecticut peaches have ar¬
rived than were looked for at one time. The
crop of that State seems to have been about
equal to early predictions, though there was
considerable loss from rot in the orchard.

Doctored Eggs. — White of egg preserved
with boric acid, to keep an indefinite length
of time, appears to have been a staple article
of trade until pressure from the Government
discredited such tampering with food stuffs.
Bakers and confectioners have found this
prepared egg white very useful for icings and
other purposes for which fresh eggs are sup¬
posed to be used. A case now in the hands
of the customs authorities involves a lot of
preserved egg white to the value of more than
8300,000, imported from China and held in
bond awaiting chemical test, which has shown
the product to be unfit for food according to
legal standard. Whether the whole lot shall
be seized or merely refused entry Is being
considered by the courts.

This Preservation Idea has been carried
far beyond the limits of common sense or
safety. The regular consumer of commercial
canned or otherwise preserved goods is con¬
tinually duplicating the experiences of Dr.
Wiley’s “poison squad,” and in his cold stor¬
age fish, poultry, meats, etc., he gets enough
ptomaines to make a well balanced poison
ration. A large share of the game offered
at present is cold storage stuff about a year
old. In many hotels the fish served are six
months or a year out of the water. There
are some foods so well known for their sus¬
ceptibility to ptomaine development that it
would be well within the province of common
sense law to forbid storing them in cold
houses, in their natural state, for a longer
time than two weeks, on the same principal
that milk is forbidden to be similarly pre¬
served. Preservation, both by chemicals and
cold storage, has been so much abused that it
is only a matter of time when strict super¬
vision of stored articles will be established.

Apples. — The market has picked up a little.
Choice grades of the standard varieties hav¬
ing advanced 50 cents. Jus*, what basis will
be finally settled on for Winter apples is at
present uncertain. There are reports of
orchards that have sold for between $2 and

$3, but a great many apple buyers refuse to
consider anything like this. It is probable
that more apples will be sold on commission
than in years of plenty, and in very many
cases this is best for all concerned. The
farmer gets all that the apples are worth
when sold, and the handler has a tair per¬
centage without any of the speculative risk
of buying a long time in advance of the con¬
sumer’s needs. This Is all on the assump¬
tion that the commission merchant selling
the apples Is a square man, and there are
plenty of this type without bothering with
the fakes and frauds in the trade. The
names of apple dealers in good standing in
the trade, in the large cities, will be sent
by mail to anyone interested. A friend who
is setting out a commercial apple orchard in
the East, in a section where Ben Davis
thrives, wishes to know what proportion, of
that variety to set. Ben Davis is at present
a profitable market sort. In some places It
does not sell as welt as it did, consumers
having dropped it. but it has worked into
new trade in climates where apples less re¬
sistant to rot and hard knocks cannot go.
Quite likely this field will enlarge, so that
present orchards of this variety and those
about to be set will prove profitable. But
no one knows when some enterprising apple
breeder will get a new variety combining the
orchard and shipping merits of Ben Davis
with a better quality of flesh. When that
happens, good bye Ben Davis. H.

AMERICAN i INSTITUTE FAIR.

The American Institute held its Seventy-
fourth annual fair at the Berkeley Lyceum,
Newr York City, September 20-21. The exhibit
of Dahlias was the best seen for a generation.
The weather has lately been favorable for this
showy plant, w'bich now' seems to have re¬
newed its old-time popularity. The infusion
of the "Cactus’' type into the regular show
forms, once so highly appreciated, has brought
out blooms of more graceful shape and vivid,
but refined coloring than could possibly be
imagined All sections were well represented,
except the l’ompon and Miniature Dahlias,
which are not now in favor, but public ap¬
preciation was most freely bestowed on the
Cactus and intermediate decorative blooms.
The Dahlia, like the Chrysanthemum, is
highly suitable for exhibition purposes, as the
best blooms come at a good season, and they
can be admirably displayed after being trans¬
ported considerable distances. There were
many charming new' kinds. Kaiserin Augus¬
ta victoria will probably take rank as one
of i he best commercial double whites, and
Katherine Duer, rose and salmon, seemed
most admired in the Cactus type. The new
red forcing rose, Richmond, was finely showm.
It is claimed to grow •more freely under
glass than Liberty or Meteor, the present
standards of this color.

The displays of hardy and wild flowering
plants were better than ever, while the ex¬
hibits of foliage plants, palms and orchids,
though excellent in quality, were not as
large as usual. Fruits were in minority,
though some really fine grapes, peaches, plums
and apples were staged. 'The collection of
vegetables was the largest and best W'e have
"ever seen at an Institute fair. An interest¬
ing feature w'as an exhibit .of vegetables from
the first New York Children’s school farm in
L>e Witt Clinton Dark. The specimens wrere
not numerous, but showed good culture.

w. v. F.

Apple Ticking. — The picture on our
first page shows the pickers in the apple
orchard of Wm. T. Creasy, of Columbia
Co., Pa. As will be seen, these pickers
use bags instead of baskets for handling
the fruit from the trees. We have found
this method of picking quite satisfactory.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

RURAL MAIL BOX.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market,
Don’tbe deceived
by pictures that
look like

“ The Hessler.”

To gat the best,
insist on' having
the Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not the im¬
itation. Agents
wanted in every
town.

H. E. HESSLEU CO., Syracuse,!*. Y.

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOWand HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.

CLARK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT A WAT Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a May,

Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

PEACH

and other YRXJIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
Johnston, ?ox 4, stockiey. bei.

Harrison’s

Fruit Trees

Plant select stock, your reward
will come. Nothing that’s only
ordinary ever goes out from
Harrison’s.

We Want the Trade of People
Who Want the Best.

We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes
and Strawberries — over 1,000
acres. It pays to get acquaint¬
ed with Harrison trees. 1905
catalog goes free wherever in¬
vited. (

HARRISON’S NURSERIES.
Box 29, Berlin, Md.

Specialties for
Fall Planting

We ofler lor Fall of 1905 an imusually large
ana wed grown Block cf

FRUIT TREES

lor Orchard and Garden

comprising varieties best adapted to various soils
ana climates.

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, etc.

consisting of rare and beautiful species and var¬
ieties loi the embellishment of public and private
grounds; hiiaue i rees,. Street Treesand Flowering
Snruns, Lemome’s marvelousNew Rouble LilacB,
Deutzias, mock orange, etc.

The ROSE

is a specialty with us, and we havea larger supply
tins year than ever. Our assortment includes all
ot me old lavorites, as well as the netvest kinds
from t lie most celeDraied raisers in Europe. Our
Novelties embrace introductions of rare beauty
arm excellence.

Peonies and Phloxes

Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily crown
plants we olter the choicest Lmus selected with
great care. A iso

Hardy Plants

including the most ornamental, flowering from
early spring till late autumn, particular attention
bemg given to Iris, Japan and German.

Our beautifully lliustratea Descriptive Cata¬
logue— 144 pages, amanual indispensable to plant¬
ers, a i so Descriptive list of Novelties and Special¬
ties for Fait 1905, with colored plate of i'nlox,
mailed free on request.

ELLYV ANGER & BARRY

Nurserymen— Horticulturists
Mount Hope N urserles
Drawer F

Rochester, N.Y.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of EavIy A PPT JTQ
have paid well this season. VVe -GYl I LDO
have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. Hightstown, N. J.

P«K|PV nie- Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
IHIiO I White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for
florists and market gardeners. Silver Medal at the
St. Louis Exposition. BEAULIEU, Woodhaven, N.Y.

FOR SALE.— Thirty bushels Winter Wheat, Will
sell in small lots; $2 per bushel. Apply OASIS
FARM, Harrison, N. Y. Charles Furthmann, Prop.

HEDGE PLANTS.

CAL. PRIVET. 18 in. to 4 feet, clean healthy stock,
land 2 years; select kinds Beach trees, well tried
varieties; small fruit plants, &e., State examiner’s
certificate with every order.

J, A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

450,000 TREES

XOO varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits etc. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Desc. price list free. Lewis Roes.h, Fredonla, N . Y.

QCCn DHTATflC o— Buy this Fall while they are
OLlU lU I H I uLu cheap, my Second-Crop Seed
are the best by test, North East South and West.
Strawberry plants, etc. Catalogue tree.

.J. W. HALL, Marion station, Md.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-S5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
l)o not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

AVRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Eort Scott, Kans. Box 73.

Steel Range .

$11

saving for you

Write your
nam6 ana ad
dress ou postal
say you want
particulars.

Cat¬
alog
Sent

Free

Vvrite today

No Better Ranges Can
be Made.

When you get our catalog and compare our prices
with those of other dealers you will find it hard
to heiievo that the quality, appearance and real
value is ail we claim out

We Guarantee

our stoves and ranges to be exactly as represented
in every way and you may send us your order with
the understanding that you shall have your money
refunded if tor any reason you are not
satisfied'when the order is tilled.

Our 90 years of business in this line
and our motto “Reliable Merchandise
Only” are an absolute protection.

Being located in New York City we
are in the greatest and cheapest mar¬
ket in the world. Freight and express
rates are lower here than any where
else in America.

We also nave a 600 page general cat¬
alogue that illustrates and describes
20,000 articles for house, shop oriarm
use. It costs us in cents but it will be
sent free if you ask tor it.

Get the Catalog, AA'rite to-day.

White, Van Glahn & Go.,

No. 15 Chatham Sq., N. Y. City.

Established 1816.

OIDEST ME/£ ORDER
HOUSE /HAHER/CA

Fruit & Ornamental,
Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs
and Plants.

Catalogue No. 1 free to
purchasers o£.Fruit and
Ornamental Trees. NTs 3 free to
buyers of Holland and other Bulbs,
Hardy Plants and Vines, Roses. Ferns,
Fnl ms and Greenhouse ( roods in generul Try us.
We will give you a square deal and guarantee satis¬
faction. Correspondence eulieited. 62 years, 44
greenhouses. 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.

Box 15 PAINESVILLE, OHIO

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J

K-FRUIT.BOOK

"shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
' tipiiou to planters. —Stark bro’s, Louisiana, Me-

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing ERUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

f* f \ n A I Crimson Clover Seed,

■ vlHLEL $5.50 per bushel; Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND. Milford, Del.

BULBS

U for the lawn and
pleasure ground.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, <fce
Our New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. It tells
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds and
plants, including our celebrated grass mixtures

FOR FALL
PLANTING

HENRY A. OREER, Philadelphia, Pa

TREES

ftR PCD inn CRCIftUT DAin Apple, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
f til IUl/; rnCIUni rMIU Poplars, healthy, trueto name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

TREES AND PLANTS

Our FREE CATALOGUE will save you money.

FreefromScale^hjpwanHChoiceVarieties.

Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

9n nnn York Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to
L U UUU bear and yield results; also a full assortment of Peach, Pear, Cherry, Plum and Quince trees,
Grape Vines, Currants, and other sjnall fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
write ns before placing your order. Catalogue and price list mailed on request.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO.,

Confluence, Penn.

85c

UNTIL TENTH MONTH
(OCTOBER) 16th, 1905.

On full paid orders which reach us by the above date we give a discount of 15 per cent; or on orders
one-quarter paid, 10 per cent discount. Why not SAVE BY it and BUY SAEE?

Our TREE BREEDER will interest the careful buyer. We offer you the SAFEST
TREES, and our SPECIAL SERVICE iu securing that kind only-

THE TREE BREEDER. ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. Y.

a

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

729

GREENHOUSE WORK IN OCTOBER.

Winter Preparations. — The frosty
nights of this month remind us
that there are many things to be
thought of in the way of preparation for
the Winter season in the greenhouse- The
heating apparatus should now be in thor¬
ough condition for work, and, in fact, is
likely to be already in operation where
roses are grown for Winter blooming, for
when the outdoor temperature falls much
below 50 degrees there is need for some
artificial heat to dry the atmosphere of
the rose house. Early Autumn is one of
the troublesome seasons for mildew on
the roses, and this fungus may be kept
down to a great extent by painting por¬
tions of the heating pipes with sulphur
and water, or whitewash with some sul¬
phur mixed in it. The green fly, or aphis,
is also discouraged by placing bunches of
damp tobacco stems on the heating pipes,
the fumes arising from the tobacco when
used in this manner being strong enough
to dispose of this insect without any in¬
jury to the color of the flowers.

Chrysanthemums are now coming on
rapidly, the present month bringing in the
flowers of the earlier varieties, and at
such a time it is best to give the plants
a change of food from time to time, in
order to produce flowers of a high grade
with heavy dark green foliage for a back¬
ing. We have, in a former issue, noted
the use of liquid cow manure and pou-
drette in the culture of Chrysanthemums,
and to these may be added light applica¬
tions of dried blood and soot from soft
coal, both these being nitrogenous ma¬
nures of considerable value. These fer¬
tilizers are strong and quick in action and
should therefore be used in moderation,
a two-inch flower pot of the manure to a
bucket of water being sufficiently strong
for most plants Nitrate of soda is also
used to some extent for the same pur¬
pose, but this fertilizer is very quick, and
may easily be used to excess on Chrysan¬
themums, and thus is not generally rec¬
ommended.

Carnations and Violets should both
be reveling in fresh air during the bright
days of this month, and just as long as
the weather will permit it should have
ventilation at night also. For fear of fun¬
goid diseases, to which these plants are
more or less subject, the atmosphere of
the houses in which they are grown
should be kept reasonably dry at night,
and with this in view but little sprinkling
overhead should be given at this season,
the watering being confined to the soil be¬
tween the plants, and being done early in
the day- Do not give frequent light
waterings at specified times, but simply
water well when the soil gets fairly dry,
and then wait until a similar condition is
again apparent, for when the weather is
partly cloudy or damp it may not be nec¬
essary to water the beds for a week or
more. Some air-slaked lime lightly
sprinkled over the soil of the carnation
beds and stirred in with a weeder is often
beneficial at this season in preventing
"stem rot,” a fungoid trouble that causes
much loss to carnation growers. From
these suggestions it will be readily un¬
derstood that it is pool economy to have
broken glass and leaky roofs over the car¬
nations and other plants, for one cannot
regulate the moisture of the soil when it
is constantly exposed to the drip from a
broken pane or defective putty. All such
repairs are best made during the Summer
months while the woodwork of the house
is dry, but in case the pressure of work
at that time has delayed some of these re¬
pair jobs there should now be no further
delay, and even yet the application of
some liquid putty on top of the glass on
each side of the sash bars will do much
toward making a tight roof, and may save
some tons of coal.

Mignonette that was sown in early Au¬
gust for Winter blooming should now be
growing freely, and will soon be showing
its first spikes of bloom. These first
spikes will be some of the finest in size
if given proper care, and the side shoots
should be pinched out to prevent their
robbing the main stem of its strength, a
watering with manure water about once
a week being also helpful to the flowers.
Do not try to force mignonette with too
much heat during the Winter, a temper¬
ature of 45 to 50 degrees at night being
ample to produce those sturdy flower
stems from 15 inches to two feet long
that are demanded by a critical trade.
The green caterpillar may still be found
on the mignonette at times, and hand pick¬
ing is the safest remedy, though some
growers give a weak dose of Paris-green
in water as a cure for this pest.

The Pansies for Winter flowers that
were sown in July should now be planted
in their Winter quarters in the violet
house, and given the same treatment as
their relatives, the violets.

Alyssum. — Some small white flowers
are very useful during the Winter to those

whose business includes some funeral de¬
sign work, and one of the most useful
plants for this purpose is the double
white Alyssum, the botanical name of
which is Koeniga maritima. This pretty
little plant may be grown satisfactorily if
planted out in a row along the edge of a
carnation bed, and will give an abundance
of flowers throughout the season. It is
propagated by means of cuttings made
from the soft young growths, these root¬
ing readily in a sand bed at any time from
Fall to Spring. And speaking of a sand
bed, reminds us that some clean bar sand
should be got under cover in a handy bin
in readiness for the various propagating
operations of the Winter, for one does not
realize how hard sand freezes until he
tries to dig it up with a pick in order to
fill up the propagating bed in the Winter.
All tender plants should now be under
cover, for we cannot tell how soon a kill¬
ing frost may come, and among them
should be a good quantity of stock plants
of geraniums, not only of the ordinary
zonal kinds, which includes the common
bedding geraniums of scarlet, pink and
white, but there should also be some of
the dwarf variegated variety, Mme. Sal-
leroi, and of the scented-leaved and also
ivy-leaved geraniums, all of which will be
found to be very useful stock to have
next Spring. w. h. taplin.

Stone Drains. — Some time since I saw
an inquiry in The It. N.-Y. as to the utility
of stone drains, and the best method of put¬
ting in. I have stone drains that have been
running for 60 years. My father and a
neighbor on an adjoining farm had a con¬
flict: of opinion as to the method, my father
laying a throat and covering with just enough
stone to keep out the dirt, while the neighbor
would fill the drain with small stones nearly
to the plow furrow. The result, most of the
drains which Father put in so long ago are
in good condition, while most of those on
the adjoining farm are stopped, which proves
the contention that the mice will harbor in
t lie loose stones and work the throat full.

J. M. C.

Although a man may lose both
of his legs, ho is not necessarily
helpless. By using artificial
legs, Marks’ Patent, with rubber
feet attached, lie can be restored
to his usefulness.

The engraving is from an
instantaneous photograph of a
man ascending a 1 a d d e r. He
lias two artificial legs substitut¬
ing his natural ones, which were
crushed by a rail-
r o a d accident and
amputated. With
his rubber feet he
can ascend or
descend a 1 a d-
der, balance
himself on the
rungs, and have
his hands at
liberty. He can
work at a bench
and earn a goods
day’s wages.

Ho can w a 1 k and mingle
with persons without betraying
his loss; in fact, bo is restored to
his former self for all practical
purposes.

With the old method of com¬
plicated ankle-joints these re¬
sults could not be so thoroughly
attained.

Over 31,000 in use, scattered in
all parts of the world. Many of
these have been supplied without presenting them¬
selves to us, simply by sending measurements on a
formula which any one can easily fill out.

KKCEIVED 43 HIGHEST AWARDS.

Purchased by the U, S. Government and many for¬
eign governments. A manual of artificial limbs and
formula for measuring SENT FREE.

iY. iL. MARKS,

701 Broadway, New York City.

IUBBER-TIRETOP BUGGY $

With leather • quarter top
and all up-to-date appoint¬
ments, Guaranteed *2 yrs.
Lon 30 davs free trial

51=

This and many other bargains
fully described in oar free cata¬
log. We are bona fide manufac¬
turers, aud sell direct to you at
factory prices. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Write for free catalog.

U. S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WET WEATHER COMFORT

“ I have used your FISH BRAND
Slicker forfive years and can truth¬
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anything give me so much com¬
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find my order for another one.”
(name and address on application)

You can defy the hardest storm with Tower’s
Waterproof Oiled Clothing and Hats.
Highest Award World's Fair, 1904.

OUR GUARANTEE IS BACK OF THIS
SIGN OF THE FISH

A . J. TOWER CO.

Boston. U. S. A.

TOWER CANADIAN CO.

Limited

Toronto, Canada

LET US LOAN YOU THIS DISC HARROW
FOR A MONTH AS A FREE TEST

Don’t Worry the Life Out of Your Horses With a Tongue
Disc Just at the Time of Year When They are
Worth the Most to You.

It’s this way.

We are the owners of all the patents and
the sole manufacturers of the Detroit
Tongueless Disc Harrow.

. It's new on the market.

It’s the finest proposition a farmer ever
used in the way of a Disc Harrow.

We know this to a certainty.

You can only know it by using the Har¬
row— that’s why we say will you borrow
this harrow for a month?”

We want to do this.

We want to send one to you direct from
our factory, prepaying all freight charges,
letting you have the harrow to use on your
farm a full month.

There’s no charge for the use of the Har¬
row nor do we ask you to pay a penny down.

All you have to do is to send for the
Harrow.

If at any time during the month it is not
exactly as we claim it to be, and if it does
not do the work we claim it will do, ship it
back to us at our expense and we will pay
all freight both ways.

If it is as we represent it, and does the
work we claim it will,
then pay us for it on
time to suit your con¬
venience.

The DetroitTongue-
less Disc Harrow is
worth its weight in
horse flesh every sea¬
son.

Your horses will do
25 per cent more work
and do it easier and
better than on any
other Disc Harrow.

This is because of
its correct principle.

There is no tongue for the horses to
fight, or hold-up on a galled neck.

No side draft or crowding of team on
short turns; just even steady pull.

The front truck supports the front end of
the machine, perfectly balancing weight of
driver. Construction amply strong for heavy
work; steel frame visibly braced.

Steel discs on ball bearings.

Double lever steel scrapers held in th«
position desired.

Owing to the fact that we manufacture in
our factory and sell to the farmers direct
this liberal offer of loaning this Harrow for
30 days and selling it on time is sure to crowd
our factory.

You had better write us at once for book¬
let and full description and price list of the
Harrow, telling us when you want to use one.

DO IT NOW!

That your
order may
be prompt¬
ly filled
when you
need it.

Made in
12 sizes for
every purpose.

American Harrow Co., 1 620 Hastiugs St., Detroit, Mich.

A STORY BY A
FARMER FOR
the FARMER
True to
Life.

You will
read it with
interest and
pass it to your
friends and neighbors.

9 CORDS IN 10 HOURS

BY ONE MAN, with the FOLDING SAWING MACHINE. It

saws down trees. Folds like a pocket knife. Saws any kind o i
timber on any kind of ground. One man can saw more tinrtier
with it than 2 men in any other way, and doit easier. Send for
TREE illustrated catalog, showing latest IMPROVEMENTS
testimonials from thousands. First order secures agency. Address
FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO.t
168-164 E. Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois.

What ! not tried
Pratts Powdered Lice Killer?

Made by graft Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SIMPLICITY

For the Farmer the “Sim¬
plicity” is the most practical power
ever produced. Saves its cost in a
few months and earns as much as
two men and teams the balance of
the year. Anyone can successfully
run the “Simplicity” the first day :
received. Start it and it almost
runs itself, at a cost of less than
one cent an hour per horse power.
Few parts, few repairs, few trou¬
bles — many pleasures and profits.

Write us a postal or send this coupon to-day.

Western Malleable & Grey Iron Mfg. Co.,

1 16 Chase St. Milwaukee, Wis.
Gentlemen: — Please send catalogue and story
as advertised.

Name _

Address _ _

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES.

Prompt shipments.

LOW
PRICES
R. GILLIES, Aledina. N. Y.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish S teel Wheels to fit any axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

ABENAQUE ffilK

PORTABLE and STATIONARY

Consult the special¬
ist in Gasoline engines.

( )ur engine is the high¬
est type of Portable'

Power, due to ten
years’ development, of
this particular tvpe.

Good as auy for all
things, but better tlirvu
any for one thing —

All Farm Work.

Catalogue O will
tell you all about it.

One Price fcq
all.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS,

Westminster Station Vt.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3ki H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger &

400 Cherry Street
Wrights ville, Penna.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, $100.00
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250.00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

starts and runs

Gas Engines without Batteries.

Noether machine can doit auccessfnily
for lack of original patents owued Dy
Us. No twist motion in oundrrve.
No belt or switch necessary. No
batteries whatever, for make and
break or jump-spark. Water and
dust-proof. Fully guaranteed.
MOTSINGER DEVICE M’F’G. CO.
SS Main Street , Pen dleton , ln<i .,U.S. A .

nvITT

lull

infor¬

mation

Write
to-day .

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

Is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight and durable.

Our Towers will stand in any storm.

Get our references in your section. Also
illustrated catalogue and pricelist.

W. E CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

73o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 7,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Some New Tomatoes. — This is, so far,
an unexpectedly good season for tomatoes.
The weather conditions that favor Melon
blight appear usually to promote fungus
tomato troubles, but with the exception of
rot of ripe fruit from too much rain our
plants are vigorous and extremely produc¬
tive. Even the early kinds continue to
grow and fruit better than for several
previous years. More new varieties, or
at least new names, are brought forward
each season than can be tested in any
but the most extensive commercial trial
grounds. We grow a few of the most
promising new introductions each year.

Dreer’s Earliest Cluster.— This if in¬
deed an extra early kind. Our plants
ripened their first fruits six days before
Earliana, set at the same time. The
plants are rapid and strong in growth and
are still in good vigor, September 23- We
did not record the date in July on which
we gathered the first ripe fruits, but they
came before any other kind except Quar¬
ter-Century, the plants of which had de¬
veloped clusters before planting out. The
tomatoes were of very good size, fairly
smooth, and colored bright fed all over.
They were carried in clusters of eight to
10. The quality of the ripe fruits suited
us better than any of the very early kinds.
If we grew early tomatoes for market we
should be inclined to put in a good
breadth of Dreer’s Earliest Cluster.

Livingston's Globe. — The seeds of this
novelty were first offered last Spring at
the unusually high price of 20 cents the
packet of 40 seeds. Germination was
slow, scarcely half of the seeds in our
trial lot coming up. The plants seemed
at first weak and tardy in growth, but
after planting out developed rapidly into
strong and productive specimens. Two
of the earliest fruits, from the same clus¬
ter, reduced in size, are shown in Fig. 311,
page 727. The larger one is quite globu¬
lar, while the smaller was much elongat¬
ed in form, and contained no seeds. Seeds
are few and small during the whole bear¬
ing season, but were noticeably scarce in
the early fruits. The midseason and later
tomatoes are large, round and smooth,
firm fleshed and meaty- The color is
purplish rose— a tint not at all popular in
our markets— and the flavor rather in¬
sipid. Those who object to the usual
acidity of tomatoes are likely to favor the
quality of this one. The plants are very
productive after becoming established, and
doubtless the variety will be appreciated
for home consumption in many quarters.
During rainy weather the ripening fruits
crack readily. This peculiarity and the
dull coloring do not recommend it for
market in this locality. It is, however, a
distinct and meritorious tomato, well
worth cultivating in the home garden.

Thorburn’s 1903. — This is a vigorous
and productive tomato; free growing in
plant and large in fruits, which are col¬
ored uniformly bright brick-red, occasion¬
ally with some russet about the stem end.
They are smooth, solid and of fine quality.
The skin is velvety like that of the Peach
tomato. It is not an early sort, but ma¬
tures an immense midseason and late crop.
The plants should have a fair amount of
room for development. We have grown
this reliable tomato two years with much
satisfaction.

Law Suits About Tomatoes- — Early
tomatoes have been a fairly profitable crop
hereabouts for several years, but owing to
repeated rainy Summers the main crop
and cannery plantings have turned out
unsatisfactory results. Contract prices
for cannery tomatoes have advanced from
$7 to $8 the ton, with fewer planters each
season. Although the plants grow unus¬
ually well this year the excessive humid¬

ity has caused much rot in the fruits, stif¬
fening the regular market demand. Can¬
nery growers, finding they can get a bet¬
ter price for their tomatoes than the can¬
neries give, feel inclined to sell to other
buyers, and some of the canning com¬
panies have gone into court and secured
injunctions to prevent their growers from
disposing of any portion of their crop to
outsiders. This is a perfectly justifiable
course, as the growers expect the canner¬
ies to pay the agreed price even if mar¬
ket quotations should sink much lower
than the amount per ton named in the
contract, but the conditions that have im¬
pelled these lawsuits are quite unprece¬
dented in this locality.

New Phlox Drummondii, “Sirius.”—
Few annual flowering plants have varied
more under cultivation than Drummond s
Phlox. Discovered in Texas in 1835, it
soon took rank among the most popular
garden flowers, and has been assiduously
cultivated up to the present time. There
is now a great range of brilliant color¬
ing and many odd variations in habit of
plant and form of flower, some varieties
having the corolla cut into several sharp
star-like points. Others grow in compact
ball-like form, and make beautiful pot
plants. The best garden varieties are in¬
cluded in the Grandiflora section, with
broad, round flowers, growing a foot or
more high. The colors range from pure
white through every shade of red and
violet to deep crimson and brilliant scar¬
let, often with contrasting throats or
“eyes.” There are also shades of soft
yellow and chamois. Novelties in this
section are rare, the desirable colors hav¬
ing been so well worked out and fixed
by generations of careful selection that we
planted seeds of “Sirius,” first offered
this year, with little confidence of grow¬
ing anything distinct from the meritori¬
ous old kinds- Sirius, however, proves
a very charming addition to our list of
annuals. The plants are low and com¬
pact, blooming early and with great free¬
dom. The flowers are of medium size,
velvety salmon-rose in color, shading
lighter toward the centers, with light
bluish or rather ash-gray eyes, one of the
most refined bits of coloring we have seen
among flowers. The type seems well
fixed ; all the plants, 22 in number, grown
from one packet of seeds producing uni¬
form flowers.

The Ward Blackberry. — Plants set in
April, 1904, fruited this year with consid¬
erable freedom. The canes made a short
and sturdy growth, and were not in the
least injured by the very severe Winter.
The berries are large, jet black and of
best quality, with small, tender core. The
market value of the berries has been
demonstrated in this county by several
years’ experience. They carry well, not
changing color after picking, and always
bring top prices. We like the sturdy
growth, healthy foliage and freedom from
suckers. If the plants are able to resist
disease, of which they have shown no
trace, there is little doubt Ward will take
place among our best commercial black¬
berries. w. v- F.

Let Us Send You '-s*)

Our Book.

ebootgood wheels and pood wagons that will save
you a lot of work and makeyou a lot of money — tne

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

• - -and the — ■ —

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the beet. More than one &nd
a quarter millions sold. Spokes united to the
bub. Can't work loose. A set of our wheels will
make your old wagon new. Catalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.,Box 88, Quincy, Ills.

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14x8

Wagon 5cales

$0^ f Ou trial. Fay -when satisfied.
mM TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N. Y.

LFALFA is now attracting much
attention everywhere. Do not

_ J

forget that Alfalfa needs heavy doses
of Potash to insure successful growth.

We have a book which is full of
valuable information to all farmers
who are experimenting with Alfalfa,
and will gladly mail it free of all cost
to any one who will be good enough
to write for it.

Address, German Kali Works, 93 Nassau Street, New York.

THE FAMOUS “HAY MAKERS”

“BLACK DIAMOND

55

FERTHjIZSBR-S.

Before Seeding Down, consult us.

TME ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.}
Fertilizer Manufacturers,
MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT.

WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Uuggy Wheel., Hte.l Tiro on, • i.'^o

With Rubber Tire., fclii.OO. i mfg. wheels to 4 in.
tread- Top Buggies, $28.75 , Harness, $8.60 Write^for
catalog l.earil how to bue -u ' Repair Wheels ?H.5D.
W aeon Umbrella FBFE.W.R. BOOB, Cincinnati, 0.

HIIIP The Double-Acting Hams open
flftlYlO 'he valves us well ns »hut them
oil with 'he power of 'he water. More
water raised in proportion to waste than
any ram made No stopping,
c. & A. HODGKINS CO.. Marlboro. N.H.

THE GREATEST WOOD SAWYER ON EARTH

1

The Ever-Ready STODDARD Gasolene Engine

Saws wood as fast ns two men ran feed It, and faster than any other outfit can do tt.
Safe, steady, controllable, reliable, powerful and portable. A convenient and de¬
pendable power for any purpose, whether for farm, factory, mill, well drilling or
quarry. “ liuy the Stoddard and you buy the best.”

Write for our new free catalogue EH

STODDARD MFC. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

WOODPECKER

When you have a chance now to
decide right at home on your farm
whether it will pay to own a gaso¬
line engine? We will ship you a

31^ horse power

Woodpecker

Gasoline Engine

on 30 Days Free Trial. That means that you won’t be influenced in

making up your mind by anything except the merits of the engine itself.
The engine will have to prove itself for you. You can make it work for you,
grind feed for you, pump water for you, saw wood for you. You can call in
your neighbor to see it. You can test it to see how much and how many
different kinds of work it will do in a day, and then you can sit down and
figure out whether it is going to make money for you. When you have done
all of these things then decide about keeping the engine. If you don’t want
it, send it back.

•U _ aa _ 1. ^ •pi " _ because thousands of farmers have bought

If 6 III £1 KG I HIS UTTGP the 3*^ h. p Woodpecker engines on our

plan and have found that they soon paid for themselves. Don’t wait until next year or
next month We know that you will find you can use it right away. Andonourplan we
lake all of the chances. We are just asking you to write and let us tell you all of the facts.
We will tell them to you without any going around the Darn or any humbug.

Why don’t you begin the 30 Days Trial now and Dot wait until you are worn out
doing your hard work by hand? Send in your namo forth© who 1© story. A postal will do.

« Woodpecker,” M. :n street Office, Middletown, Ohio .

We make all sizes up to 44 horse power.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

73 1

Hope Farm Notes

Life Insurance. — Among other questions
I have been asked several times if a young
man ought to insure his life. Just now when
the big insurance companies are being
turned inside out, people do not like the
looks of the inside. I carry an insurance.
When I took it out I had nothing else that
had much value. I have been surprised to
see how many people there are in towns
and cities who have nothing on earth except
some furniture and an insurance policy. A
failure of the great insurance companies
would mean awful disaster to thousands of
families. I do not fear this, for in spite of
what the public is finding out these com¬
panies are still perfectly safe. They can
pay the face value of every policy they have
issued and still have a surplus. They ought
to pay more than this face value, and the
fact that they do not is what creates this
great surplus and causes the trouble. The
undivided surplus of other people's money is
what leads to “graft." Pure insurance in
a safe company is good, but I doubt the
wisdom of mixing investment with insurance.

Investment. — I will give the exact fig¬
ures to show how a friend of mine stands,
lie took out a policy in one of the large
companies for $3,000. For about $60 a year
he could have had a pure insurance policy
— that is, the company was willing to take
the risk and agree to pay his wife $3,000 in
case of bis death — though be would get none
of his money back even if he lived 75 years !
The agent talked investment. My friend was
to pay $100 a year for 30 years. In case of
llis death his widow would have $3,000.
In case he lived 30 years lie would get his
money back with interest, and he could bor¬
row his money back from time to time. The
agent painted' these things in glowing colors,
and my friend, in spite of the advice of his
wife, took this 20-year investment policy.
It ran along for some years until he had
paid in all $1,930. Then he began to figure.
He needed some money, and asked this com¬
pany wliat they would give for his policy
and what they would lend him on it. A
prompt reply came that the policy has no
“surrender value” ; that is, they will not give
him a cent on it until he dies or lives the
full 30 years.

What will it be worth then?

They dodge the question, and will not say
what per cent his money is earning.. By
talking with people who have been paid it
seems that such earnings are not ovej- 2'/>
per cent. They will lend him $1,150 at
five per cent — interest taken out in advance,
demanding bis policy as security and holding
over $800 of his money and all the so-
called earnings!

Figure It Out. — You will see how this
“investment” feature works out. Suppose
this man had put his $1,920 from year to
year into a savings bank at four per cent !
He would be far better off to-day. Suppose
lie had naid $60 a year for pure insurance
and banked $l0o each year at four per cent.
Roth he and his wife would be better olT.
In case of his death now his wife would gain
but little over $1,000 because, lie has al¬
ready paid (lie company nearly $2,000. If lie
had a pure insurance policy bis wife would
receive $2,200 more than be lias paid in
and would have $1,500 in the bank! What
has this man done? Helped pay the agent s
salary and helped build up a great cash
“surplus” which may be used against ids
own interests as an individual.

What does the agent say?

He gets his styare and doesn't need to talk
except to new ones ! About all you can get
out of him is the opinion that you wouldn’t
have put your money in the savings bank any¬
way ! You would have spent it if the insur¬
ance company hadn't dug it out of you arid
put it in its surplus!

What About It? — It seems to me that the
present system of investment, insurance
favors the company rather than the policy
holder. At the same time I do not see why
some fairer plan cannot be carried out. I
believe it will be. I think the present poli¬
cies are safe, and I would he willing to take
pure insurance in the leading companies, but
as for giving them money to invest I would
like to know what it earns and be able to get
hold of it if I give good security. For ex¬
ample. this company lias had my friend's
$1,920 — as we suppose at interest. Why
can’t they lend him more than $1,150? They
have his' policy and the interest on his
money. They hold back nearly $800, which
he has paid in, though he could use it to good
advantage.

The American people understand some of
these things at last, and the insurance busi¬
ness will have to be made over. The sore
spot in the whole business is that big sur¬
plus. The officers act as if it belonged to
them, but it doesn’t: it belongs to thousands
of policy holders like my friend. T can see
no reason whv an insurance company should
not be obliged every year or every two years
to state publicly bow much each policy has
earned. Savings banks do this, and credit
each account with such earnings. In the
future Ibelieve people will refuse to take out
these investment policies unless they are
guaranteed something like this. If these
companies did not pretend to be co-operative
— that is. working for the benefit of policy
holders — it would be different. The agents
make them out as great benevolent institu¬
tions aching to act as a father to the “wid¬
ows and orphans” Their actions seem to
me somewhat like those of the father who
sells the boy's calf or colt — and pockets the
money !

Saving. — The argument that a man would
not save unless he was forced to do so is
an obi one I have had grocers and butch¬
ers fell me that customers have dodged their
accounts in order to make their payments at
the Building and Loan Association. The
money they put into the B. and I,, meant a
savin?. and they let their debts go. It is
true that mo«t of ns do our best when pressed
by hard conditions and the first $190 of
property saved means tou<rb polf denial.
If a man m”=t lie <5p-iipp-/cf] aud ninned down
by an insurance comnauv in o,-fW to kpep out
of the poorhoe«p tn old age, he doesn’t seem
to me a verv desirable tvne of man. It is
true, however, that the insurance companies
have saved many families from want and
suffering Properly conducted their business
is a noble one — almost justifying some of
the tearful orations that are told by the

agents. That makes it all the more neces¬
sary that the business should be overhauled.
The big surplus must be divided where it
belongs, the graft must be cut out, and
policy holders treated like the depositors in
a savings bank or in a B. and L. association.
When this is done investment insurance will
prove a good thing.

Rum Did It. — -“And so after all this dis¬
cussion we decided” — that was as far as
Mother got in telling of the important day's
doings. It was past 10 o'clock on as bad a
September night as New Jersey cares to put
on the plate — dark as pitch — wet as a sop.
foggy as smoke and muddy as putty ! Every
Hope Farmer was abed and most of them were
asleep. Mother stopped at the crisis of
her story to listen.

“Somebody lias driven into our yard !"

It was true — a loaded wagon and team
stood in our driveway and a voice thick with
fog and beer called out:

“Where am I ?"

I will not say how hasty my toilet was,
but I got down at. last with a lighted candle
and found a man with various kinds of a
“load." with his team nearly tangled up in
the big cherry tree. The only way to get
out of our yard when you once get in is to
drive between trees to the barnyard,
turn around the walnut tree and come back.
The horses hung their heads with fatigue,
and the man did well to keep from rolling
off his seat. I finally led the poor brutes to
the barnyard and turned around the tree with¬
out injury, though the candle flickered in the
wind. The man claimed that he mistook our
gate for the turn in the road, but more likely
those tired horses were after shelter and
food. I wanted to get a bucket and give
them some water, but before I could turn the
man drove away, nearly knocking the gate
post over as he went. The weary horses
went toiling on through the mud headed, I
hope, for home. It is hard to be lost at
night— harder still to ride through the dark
with brain benumbed and sight dimmed by
that which has no mercy. Rum is a fearful
curse. We do not realize what it really rep¬
resents to humanity till we see what dan¬
gers a partner of it puts himself into. Six
inches more to one side in our yard might
have meant death to man and horses. In
such cases the horses have more sense than
the man. M.v work was done when this
poor fellow struck the highway and started
south. The black night settled upon us
blacker than ever. I can only hope that the
horses carried him safely home. He could
hardly have reached it alone. As for me.
I went back to bed and heard the finish of
the story.

Punching Out Dirt — I got myself into
trouble when I spoke about washing ma¬
chines. Here is a letter from Maine:

“We do not own. borrow or use a wash
boiler. The place for row-boats is the lake,
and Hot in the kitchen. Two tubs, one for
white, the other for colored ; while the hot
water is being drawn to the tubs, the clothes
are soaped. They stand for 10 to 20 min¬
utes and are then “punched” with a “ma¬
chine” shaped exactly like a large funnel.
The one we use is eight inches in diameter
across the face. Two and one-half inches
from the outer rim is a plate closing the
funnel and then two strips of same width
( inches) cross each other, making four
chambers, air and watertight of course. The
small end fits on to a broom handle. When
this is forced down into the clothes, the
air is compressed and thoroughly agitates
the suds and removes the dirt without injur
ing the most delicate fabric and rendering
rubbing unnecessary except on badly soiled
wristbands, etc The clothes are then passed
through the wringer; put into the rinsing
water, the funnel used again, and one more
wring and they are ready for the line This
machine costs about 50 cents, is made of
heavy tin and will last for many years, and
any tinman can make it.” f. c. c.

This seems simple enough, and this
“punching" beats doubling over a wash board
Some of us have done things in a certain
way all our lives, confident tiiat our way is
Hie best that can be found All of a sud¬
den we wake up to find that some one right
over the hill has a better and easier way of
doing it. it pays to look about and see what
others are doing 1 usually gain most infor¬
mation by saying that I don't know how to do
a thing Some one comes forward at once
and tells how it should be done.

Farm Notes. — We have been cutting the
second-growth grass. It is not as heavy as
usual this year, but every little helps, for
we are likely to run short of fodder after all.
Our corn fodder is curing just ns it should.
The third cutting of the old Alfalfa field was
largest of all There is no doubt but that
the Alfalfa is thickening the more we cut
it. On about one-third of the field there is
now a good stand. The August-seeded Al¬
falfa looks well — better than, any we have
had before, and seems to be ready to stay
by us. . . . The potatoes are coming out

in good shape. The yield is fair and the
quality, extra good.. As we dig we use the
horse rake to pull the weeds and vines to
gether. This trash is carried to the hill to
put around peach trees ... I wish
those who make light of the San JosC scale
could see my neighbor's orchard. He has
some Greening trees that promised a good
crop. The fruit is large — a tree badly crusted
with scale often gives a crop of large fruit
and then quits. These apples are so spotted
with scale marks that not one in 50 could be
sold as fine fruit. I never saw a worse look¬
ing lot. A thorough spraying with lime and
sulphur or K.-L. this Spring would have
saved 80 per cent of that fruit. I feel quite
confident that we have struck a good thing
for Fall spraying in those “soluble oils” I
have been talking about. Two weeks after
spraying the bark still feels greasy, and the
scale rubs off with light pressure I cannot
say they are all killed, because I do not
know it, but most of them will do no more
damage. The scale has appeared upon the
currants, which is the worst thing yet to
clean up. ... A killing frost is reported
in the valley a few miles from us, but no¬
thing on the hills has been injured yet.

H. w. c.

JONES PAYS
FREIGHT

Wagon $Q IT
SCALES JO

ON TRIAL w W

ALL IRON, STEEL AND BRASS

Jones Box No.331 Binghamton. N. Y.

rrThe Resister

Rex Stintkote

ROOFING

Just

as
Go0'

RESISTS , Bay
TEMPTATION .

t* 'f'ho I

'ltsiheapl

l

oW

id

MotePm

'on This

the

We Will Not Reduce
Quality to Meet Low Prices

We started business in 1837. For 68 years
we have made and ha7idled only the best goods, charged
a reasonable price, quality considered, and have never
allowed unfair competition to weaken this position.

Rex Flintkote Roofing is the best wool-felt roofing in
•world — it has no “quality competition.” Prompted by our success, scores
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Its quality is proved by time — its durability and weather-resisting
power make it the cheapest and most satisfactory SIDING and ROOF¬
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Unlike shingles, it resists fire. Unlike tin, it will not leak at the
first touch — no need to shovel snow off Rex Flintkote. Unlike tar
roofing, it resists the effect of heat in summer and cold in winter. It
is so much better than we can tell you here that we ask you to

Send for Free Samples

•\F

TRADE

and our book. State your roof problems — we
will either solve them or admit that we
can’t. Good dealers sell Rex Flintkote
or can get it if you insist — better insist.

Look for this trade mark. May
we hear from you? Write to-day.

3. A. & W. BIRD & CO.

India St.. Boston. Mass.

FEED & LITTEVn

ji'h m//M7mffx&^sssss&

Built of sleel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
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saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building ever switches and around curves.
Wilt epet ate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. Forinfor-
matiooabouc PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway. Fairfield, Iowa.

ilta

and

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Wind

Mills

Our hand¬
some free

booklet explains their many ad¬
vantages, a nd tel Is about ou r new

INDESTRUCTIBLE
TOWERS.

It gives much valuable and practical Informa¬
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Send for it to-day and ask abouc our

Windmill Insurance Policy.

APPLETON

27 FARGO ST.

MFG. CO.

BATAVIA, ILL.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

Well

'DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
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size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made! Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

$148.50 r HAY:

PRESS

that is 1
guar-'
an teed to be strictly '
‘ASS first-class. Write ,
for particulars now.

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Cornell Street,
KINGSTON, N. Y.

Here Is the cheapest good gun yet made. By theomlssion of the take down feature we have
been able to greatly reduce the cost of production and at the same time have kept the gun up to the
famous high 77Zar/trt standard of strength, safety and durability. Notice the clean simplicity of
this gun. The workmanship and finish are perfect. The weight is only 7 pounds. The full. choke
barrels are especially bored for smokeless. as well as black powder and so chambered that 2¥{ inch or
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Have your dealer order it for you.

Send for the fflar/tn Catalogue and Experience Book to-dap. Free for 3 stamps.

(jO. 157 Willow Street, New Haven, Ct

73a

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 7,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Gollingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Vax Fleet, ( Ai,
Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, ( Associates.

Johx J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 52.04,
equal to 8s. t!d.. or 8% marks, or 1014 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, hut we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we he responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or hank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The R. N.-Y. advised experiments with kerosene
and limoid for spraying to kill the San Jose scale. We
would like to have reports from those who tried it.
We want especially notes on Summer spraying. With
us the K.-L. gave fair results, killing many scales, but
not cleaning the trees entirely. What has it done for
you? How does it rank with lime and sulphur, oil or
caustic soda?

*

We still receive questions about the law governing
rural mail boxes. Can the authorities compel a citizen
to buy and use a metal box? No; but they can refuse
to deliver the mail in a box which has been condemned.
The inspectors decide whether a homemade box is safe
enough to be guaranteed by Uncle Sam. If they think
not they can notify the owner to buy a metal box. If
he will not do it the carrier may refuse to put the mail
in the old one. He will do it at his own risk.

*

The questions about fence wire are printed on page
739. We have received many answers already, all the
way from Iowa to Maine. We want 10,000 answers
if possible. Do not put this aside as of no consequence
— it is an important thing which requires your help.
The questions are well put, and cover several vital
points. We do not discuss them yet, because we want
unprejudiced opinions. The chemists are doing their
part in the laboratory, but they want reports from the
field. You can help them. Walk around your fences
and then answer the questions. We need your help !

*

It is reported that a majority of the officers of the
regular army would like to have the “army canteen"
restored. This “canteen” is a place in army posts where
wines and beer are sold to the soldiers. We have talked
with enlisted men who say that much of the discontent
among soldiers over this matter is the fact that while
liquor is kept from the privates in the grounds officers
have plenty of it at their headquarters and homes. The
private soldier resents what he calls a special privilege
in rum drinking for the officers ! Suppose these officers
tried the experiment of setting their men an example
in temperance. Let them quit drinking and throw the
liquor out of their own clubs. That would come pretty
close to settling the “canteen” question for good.

*

We have heard farmers say that they do not need to
use lime because they use large quantities of it in fer¬
tilizer. Ground bone and other forms of phosphate
contain lime. We cannot obtain phosphoric acid in ordi¬
nary fertilizers without lime. Such farmers mistake the
most necessary function of lime in the soil. Air-slaked
lime has a chemical action which sweetens the soil,
makes it more compact, or sets free other forms of plant
food. This is quite distinct from its power to provide
actual food for the plants. The lime in the bone or
phosphate may in time serve as plant food, but the air-
slaked lime is needed for the more important service. If
one of these farmers were to come to dinner and find
that his wife had used cooking soda in place of salt in
the food he would find fault. Yet this would be much

like his own theory regarding tlje crops carried out with
his dinner. The cooking soda and the salt are alike in
the fact that they both contain soda, yet one will not
take the place of the other any more than the bone will
take the place of the air-slaked lime. We must remem¬
ber that it is the form in which the lime is found that
makes the difference.

*

We do not know of any dairymen’s association in this
country that is quite as strong and practical as the Con¬
necticut society. This organization makes a business of
holding several field meetings during the season. These
meetings are held on farms of successful dairymen.
They are very informal, and no one tries to “slick up”
very much beyond the average appearance. The local
Grange often provides the dinner, and good speakers
are on hand for an outdoor meeting. It has been said
that if the first settlers in New England had known
what was beyond the Hudson, New England to-day
would have been largely a cow pasture ! Perhaps — yet
judging from the cow owners of to-day it would have
been a lively, prosperous and useful pasture. Individual
farming still has a good chance in New England.

*

A few weeks ago we printed a short note from a man
in Illinois who wanted to know about farm lands in the
South. At least 25 letters have already been received
from people who want to write this man. It is doubtful
if he was ever before quite so oooular. These letters
come from both North and South. The northern men
offer a good job and the southerners cheap land. A
good farmer, who understands his business, has only to
make his presence known in order to receive calls from
those who need him. The North offers him good mar¬
kets, fair priced land, a good opportunity with some
farmer who needs help and is ready to retire. The
South offers cheap land and good climate. It looks as
if a man can find almost anything he wants — from a
hornet’s nest to a home — through the columns of
The R. N.-Y.

*

Nobody needs to show this man from Missouri some
of the wheels that work inside of politics :

Would it not be better to know wliat our representative
stood for before we voted for him, then ask him to stand for
parcels post or any other measure? I am with that as I
was with a certain minister ; he prayed to make our Con¬
gressmen of clean habits and to make them good men. I
took him to task about it. I told him if he wanted good
men in Congress to vote for good men. I told him that the
man he voted for was a bad man, and he knew it. Now to
put a bad man in office and ask God to make him a good
man was to say the least mockery, and for my part I will
know what the man stands for before I vote for him.

Monroe Co., Mo. J. w.

The trouble with that minister was that he didn’t
pray with his ballot. We have found that the ballot
and the pocketbook are the hardest things to pray with.
If any man has a recipe for pinning a Congressman
down to anything that is not in his party platform we
want to print it in good-sized type.

*

The Scientific American undertakes to explain why
the bicycle has gone out of use. We can easily remem¬
ber what a craze for wheeling spread over the country
some 15 years ago. Now it is rare to find a bicycle on
the road. The first reason given is that wheeling was
too hard work. Many people hurt themselves by riding
too hard and too far. It was not a healthy exercise.
We heard a shrewd doctor prophesy the outcome cor¬
rectly 10 years ago. The other reason is a more serious
social one. When wheels became so cheap that nearly
every person could own one the sport became unfash¬
ionable. In spite of America’s boast of democracy peo¬
ple in this country ape the rich and so-called “exclusive
set.” Each little class imagines itself above the class
next below it When the price of a “wheel” started
at $200 it could be used only by an envied few. As the
price cheapened the number of wheelers increased, until
it was no longer the thing to be seen doing what the
crowd did. It is unfortunately true that the present
generation is losing much of the sturdy independence
which made it possible for their ancestors to leave them
property :■ character. The decadence of the wheel rep¬
resents what has happened to many good old-fashioned
habits and customs, and it is therefore one of the worst
signs of the times.

*

Eor the past two years the United States Government
has been preparing legal cases against beef packers who
are accused of accepting rebates from railroads. Last
week the first of those cases came up, and four packers
pleaded guilty. They paid fines aggregating $25,000.
The reason they gave for pleading guilty was that one
of them was too sick to stand the trial. The true reason
evidently is that they knew the Government’s case was
perfect. If they were found guilty in the ordinary way
they might be punished by imprisonment as well as fine,
and the testimony against them would hurt their trade.
As for their fines, a raise of a fraction of a cent a pound
in beef will take the full amount out of the people!

The chief value of this trial is that it shows part of
what the Government can do with the laws that now
stand on the books. When we are brought face to face
with these public evils some one always calls for “new
legislation.” In most cases there is no need of new
laws — the old ones are strong enough if they can be
enforced. This “new legislation” cry is often of the
same nature as the yelp of the dog who will not close
with the wild animal because he fears a scratch. A
“rebate” is a bribe. If these packers accepted or gave a
bribe the other party to the bribery must be the railroad,
and it cannot be said that one is more guilty than the
other. The money which these rebates and “graft” rep¬
resent comes finally out of the common people. It has
taken the people over 25 years to be sure of this. Now
they know it, and the “grafters” know that the end will
come sooner or later.

*

The Colorado Potato beetle has invaded Europe three
times within recent years, twice in Germany and once in
England. In each case it has been “stamped out.”
Entomologists report that not a specimen of the insect
can be found in Europe outside of the museums. The
last invasion was in 1901, when the insect suddenly
appeared at a seashore town in England. As soon as
it was discovered the Englishmen were ready, for 30
years ago a law was passed giving the Board of Agri¬
culture powci to seize land infested with the Potato
beetle. The potato stalks were dried and burned. The
soil was soaked with paraffin, and gas lime at the rate
of 60 tons per acre was spread on the land and plowed
under. This was done in the Fall, the object being to
destroy the old beetles which winter in the soil. Even
this rough treatment did not kill the beetles, for a num¬
ber of them turned up in the Spring and started laying
eggs. As fast as they hatched they were hand picked
and thus destroyed. \ he country for miles around was
examined, and every beetle killed wherever found. We
do not understand in this country what it would mean
to have this insect let loose in Europe. Here we accept
its presence as a matter of course, spending millions to
fight it, and losing millions more as a result of its work.
Europe could not stand such a loss. As a food crop
the potato means more to the European poor than it
does to us, for we have sources of food in this country
not known on the other side. The Germans grow nearly
three times as many potatoes as are grown in this
country. No wonder Europe is prepared to fight the
Potato beetle as she would an invading army. Once
fairly established, the beetle would bring about a revo¬
lution in most European countries, for the land would
be filled with hunger. The fact that Europe, all through
these years, has been able to fight off this pest should
be a lesson to Americans who are now in danger from
several imported insects. The Gypsy moth and Brown¬
tailed moth are now in New England, and reported as
working west slowly but surely. If these insects are
permitted to spread all through the country the result
will be fearful loss. The National Government should
come to the rescue at once, and help the New England
States destroy these insects.

BREVITIES.

“Hew to the line," but let an honest man draw the line.

Is the Sow thistle or wild lettuce a nuisance in your
locality? If so, how do you get rid of it?

Some apple growers figure that when buyers are hot after
their fruit the best thing is to put it in cold storage.

The man whose chief ambition is to ‘‘chase a dollar" must
realize that it can roil into some small and unholy places.

A New York policeman has fed letters to a hen to increase
her egg yield. This is his report : “There is a dead hen
laying in the street.”

Just before frost pick the tomatoes and get them into the
hotbeds with the glass on. Look them over from time to
time and let them ripen.

Men have, before now, shipped apples to Europe at a loss
while the local markets did not consume 30 per cent of what
could have been sold there.

Kieffer pear is having a chance this year — the high
prices for apples carrying Kieffer up. Now watch for an¬
other “boom” for Kieffer next year — and resist it !

In sending a stamp in a letter wet the center of the stamp
and stick it to the paper. When you wet the corner the
“stick” pulls off and the corner remains loose.

Last year Great Britain imported 10,051,230 bushels of
apples — chiefly from this country. No wonder England and
America are drawing closer together — the Apple Consumers’
League does it.

The Iowa Homestead tells of a farmer in Missouri with
such a fine corn crop that he cannot harvest it. He thinks
he will “nail siding on the stalks of the outside rows and
roof the field over.”

An inquirer asks on page 738 how he may churn a small
quantity of cream. Some of the city stores sell for this pur¬
pose an egg beater fixed in a two-quart glass jar, which is
easily operated, and said to be entirelv satisfactory.

The spores of grain smut are on the grain. It can only
enter the young plant when sown with the seed. Hence the
necessity of treating the seed. This is done by sprinkling
the grain with one pound of formaldehyde in 50 gallons of
water, piling it together and letting it sweat for two hours.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

733

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC.- Willi sensational suddenness Sept. 20 Presi¬
dent George Metier, of Carriage and Wagon Workers' Union
No. 4, of Chicago, who is being tried, with 12 other officials and
members, on a charge of criminal conspiracy, withdrew a
plea of not guilty and entered a plea of guilty. Meller, it
is alleged, was one of the instigators of a system of "slug¬
ging'’ practised on non-union workmen. Counsel for the
other defendants were thrown into commotion by Meller's
change of front. They met the situation, however, with a
charge that Meller was a paid spy in the employment of the
Carriage and Wagon Manufacturers’ Association. Meller is
expected to take the witness stand against his fellow de¬
fendants. . . . Post Office Inspector Ashe arrested at
New York Sept. 21 Maxwell II. Byrd, who calls himself the
Manager of the Globe Detective and Information Bureau at
60 Wall street. lie is accused of using the mails with intent
to defraud. Byrd, it is said, wrote hundreds of letters to
persons throughout the country informing them that they
were heirs to an estate of $150,000,000. The money was in
the Bank of England, he said, and if the recipient would
send Mr. Byrd $2, as the rest of the 30,000 heirs were doing,
Byrd would furnish him with information concerning the
estate. Byrd says that the estate does exist, and is now in
Chancery. The names, he avers, came from a book in the
British Consul-General’s office here. The arrest was made on
a letter sent to Clara Zahn of Lancaster, Pa. The prisoner
was released for examination in $2,000 bail. . . Fire

Sept. 24. destroyed half a dozen of the principal business
houses and the public library building at Butte, Mont. The
insurance loss is fully $600,000, and the fire loss exceeds
$1,000,000. The chief losers are the Symonds Dry Goods
Company. $600,000, insured for $320,000; city of Butte, on
the public library, loss, $250,000, insured for $95,000;
Brownfield County Carpet Company. $80,000, insured for
$40,000 : L. W. Shodair, loss, $40,000, insured for $5,000.
Thirty-eight thousand books in the library, valued at $80.-
000, were destroyed. The fire started in the furnace room of
the Symonds Dry Goods Company. . . . Five men were

killed and more than 20 injured in a collision Sept. 25 be¬
tween the New York Limited, from the West, and a local
passenger train at Paoli, on the main line of the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad, 19 miles out 'of Philadelphia. The limited
ran through an open switch and plunged into a siding on
which stood the local. The accident appears to have been
due to a misplaced switch. . . . Three persons were
killed and two fatally injured Sept. 25 by an explosion in
an Italian fireworks factory in the Williamsburg district of
New York. The manager is being held* on a charge of crim¬
inal negligence.

TIIE BEEF PACKERS.— Four officials of the Sehwarz-
schild & Sulzberger Packing Company pleaded guilty before
Judge 1. Otis Humphrey in the Federal Court at Chicago
Sept. 21 to accepting rebates in a conspiracy to violate the
Elkins law, and they were fined a total of $25,000. This
marked the first victory for the Government in its prosecu¬
tion of the packing companies in what are known as the
“beef trust cases.” The four men who pleaded guilty and
the fines imposed upon them are as follows : Samuel Well,
vice-president of the concern, living in New York, fined
$10,000. Beth S. Gusev, traffic manager, formerly indicted
for interfering with Government witnesses, fined $5,000.
Vance D. Skipworth, assistant traffic manager, fined $5,000.
Chess E. Todd, assistant traffic manager, fined $5,000. A
certified check for $25,008 was handed the clerk of the
court and the four defendants were released. The $8 was
for court costs. The check was signed bv Max Sulzberger,
vice-president of the company. This punishment of the
Schwarzschild & Sulzberger officials does not affect the
charge of interference with Government witnesses made in a
previous indictment returned against Cusey and other
Schwarzschild & Sulzberger men.

The fiftieth annual fair of Dryden. N. Y„ Agricultural
Society, held September 19-22, was one of the best in the
history of the society. Through the never-failing courtesy
of the officials The It. N.-Y'. occupied a booth in the fruit
tent near the special Burpee contest. The present secre¬
tary, ,7. B. Wilson, has ably filled that nosition for 18 years.

The annual meeting and exhibition of the Maine Bornolog¬
ical Society will be held in the Grange Hall, Canton, Me.,
November 14-16; secretary, D. II. Knowlton, Farmington,
Me.

PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLE CROP.

The apple crop is only fair, and prices range from 30 to
50 cents per bushel : extra fancy 60 cents. f. ,r.

Fremont, O.

There are no apples to he offered for sale, as crop is total
failure in this section. Peaches are a large crop, and bring¬
ing fair prices; one or two growers will ship 15,000 baskets.
Abundant pasture. n. v.

New Milford, N. Y".

Buyers are offering $1.80 per barrel for Winter fruit,
barrels furnished. Fall apples now being packed at $1.50,
evaporating 40 cents per hundred pounds. Apples a light
crop in southern Cayuga. c. b.

Moravia, N. Y.

I am over my ears in peaches and do not know whether
there is an apple buyer in this section or not. Apples, as
a rule, are light ; an occasional orchard under good treat¬
ment is showing fairly well. j. r. c.

Newburgh, N. Y.

No price on Winter fruit yet. Harvey, Wealthy, Snow and
such varieties started with the local buyers at $2, but have
advanced to $2.50. Barrels cost us 35 cents at the factories;
labor $1.25 to $1.50 per day. c. e. w.

Chesterville, Me.

Apples are scarce here, not over 20 per cent and poor in
quality. Prices were as high as $1 per bushel for windfalls.
No Winter apples for sale at any price. Potatoes only
fair crop. Corn promises a full cron. Wheat and oats
turned out well. Seeding about all done. a. w. h.

Butler Co., Pa.

I think No. 1 fruit as it runs, in regards to kind is bring¬
ing $2.75 per barrel for King, and $3 for No. 1 Spy has been
freely paid ; No. 2 from $1.75 to $2. I think we have in
this section about 35 or 40 per cent of last year’s crop, and
quality very fair. t. b. wilson.

Seneca Co., N. Y'.

Apple crop in this section is light, probably not over 25
per cent of last year; quality fair. There seems to he no
set price among buyers this year, as they pay all prices from
$1.50 per barrel for No. 1 fruit, to $2.25, taking everything
as picked from tree. This without barrel. c. .r. u

West Coxsackie, 'N. Y.

I regret to say we have nothing encouraging to report on
the apple crop. It is nearly a total failure, not to exceed
five to 10 per cent of last year’s crop, and a small portion of
this may be called good No. 1 apples. There is occasionally
a good lot to be found, and such lots are selling on the basis
of $2.50 to $3 per barrel. s. c. b.

Medina, N. Y'.

Winter apples about 30 per cent of crop: buyers offer $2
to $3 per barrel. Some of best orchards sold at latter figure ;
peaches plenty and cheap, weather being bad for gathering
and marketing, canning houses paying one cent per pound
for pie timber ; sales in eastern markets often making
losses to shipper. Plums do but little better now ; probably
late peaches will make better sales as weather improves.

Reeds Corners, N. Y. w. h. p.

The Kieffer pear runs from $1.25 to $1.75 per barrel, and
very few good apples, are to be found in these parts. The
buyers are hunting the country over every day. both for
apples and pears, and Kieffer pears are bringing 75 cents to
$1 per barrel in the orchard, the buyer furnishing the pack¬
age. There is only a half crop of Kieffer pears and the
apples only a third of a crop. n. p. c.

Burlington, N. J.

Apples are scarce: buyers offer $1.50 per barrel. Not
more than half a crop of potatoes. 40 to 42 cents* at pres¬
ent. All cereals were good crops excepting buckwheat,
which is light in acreage and yield. The yield of beans will
fall far below that of last year in this section. I wish more
farmers .would report crops, prices, etc., and those who do
not confine themselves to the apple crop. w. a. l.

Northern Steuben Co., N, Y.

The peach is monopolizing attention at the present time,
and there is but little inquiry in regard to other fruits. Sev¬
eral crops have been sold in this section at varying prices,
as $3 per barrel, farmers' pack for No. 1. $2.50 per barrel
for everything on the tree, and $1.50 per 100 for everything
in the orchard, including windfalls; $3.10 has been offered
for No. 1 and declined. I have been informed that these
orchards that have been sold are only ordinary in quality.

Our crop here is very light, but the fruit in some of our
orchards is very good in quality, and will grade well.

Barker, N. Y. w. r. M.

The apple crop throughout the Hudson River Valley is
practically all contracted for. The prices range all the way
from $2 up to $2.50 per barrel for fruit just as it comes
from the trees, No. 1 and No. 2 buyers furnishing retainers
and $2.25 would be a safe average. One year ago you could
purchase all the apples you wanted at 75 cents per barrel.
In fact there were hundreds of barrels that were never gath¬
ered for want of buyers. s. s. d,

Stuyvesant Falls, N. Y'.

Apples are about 30 per cent of last year's crop in this
vicinity. Buyers seem anxious to buy, and quite a number
have sold; prices range from $2 to $3 per barrel; $3 is
being paid for Kings and Spys, and $2.50 for other varieties
(that is for No. 1 fruit), 2% inch and up. the same buy¬
ers taking the No. 2, all but the cider apples at $1.50 per
barrel. Some are selling all together everything but the
cider apples at. $2 per barrel. Plums have been plenty.
Bartlett pears a fair crop and good price, from 1)4 to two
cents per pound ; other varieties from one cent to 1 % cent
per pound. f. e. v. e.

Stanley, N. Y.

There are no apples here for shipment this year at all.
Some of the orchards have a few apples of poor quality that
are sold from wagons in Kansas City market. They bring
from 50 to 75 cents per bushel. A kraut factory is taking
75 acres of the cabbage here this year at a price of $7 per
ton delivered. A few cars have been shipped out, and the
rest is being sold on Kansas City market. All kinds of
fruit except strawberries were scarce here this year, owing
to the previous severe Winter. The general farm crops, hay,
corn, and vyheat, were immense, and the farmers are pros¬
perous. w. d. c.

Edwardsville, Kan.

Apple buyers seem to be holding off. waiting developments.
Those who have apples this year seem to expect $3 per
barrel. One orchard of very nice apples that has been thor¬
oughly sprayed and cared for, has been sold for $3 for No.
1 apples and $2 for No. 2. Buyers seem reluctant to pay
this price as a rule, because the apples are not good enough.
In nnsprayed orchards there are very few apples fit to class
as No. 1. $3 has been offered for strictly No. 1 Winter
fruit without, the No. 2 for a few orchards. Plum and
peach trees bore heavily in this section, and prices have
been correspondingly low. There will be a large crop of
Kieffer pears of good quality. f. s. h.

Lewiston, N. Y. _

CROP PROSPECTS.

Cabbage will not be over 50 per cent of last year's crop
in western New York ; the wet Spring killed lots of fields
that were set on low land, and the season was so wet that it
did not get good care. The heads are small and badly worm-
eaten at the present time. s. b.

Gasport, N. lr.

Our western correspondents inform us that the crop of
cabbage in Wisconsin has now begun to move, and is of very
fine quality, and that the yield is better than last year's.
In Michigan. I understand the crop is somewhat backward,
but if weather conditions remain as favorable there as at
present there will be a large crop to harvest. In the imme¬
diate vicinity of Geneva cabbage is being offered very freely
by the growers this morning at $6 per ton, but buyers are
not taking hold even at this price, and 1 would not. be sur¬
prised to see a still further decline within the next few days.

Geneva, N. Y. M. .t. M.

Onion harvest is about completed in this section, and
they have turned out better than was expected, averaging
about 300 to 350 bushels to the acre; some pieces are yield¬
ing 500 to 600 bushels to the acre. Growers are holders in
this section ; there has not been any shipped from here this
season. The quality is below the average. Apple harvest
has begun and fruit is of very poor quality, even where
thoroughly sprayed. Apples are not turning out as well as
expected, as they are all on the outside of the tree. We
have been having good weather the past few weeks, and
th farm work is progressing; we have only had one light
frost, which did not do any harm to speak of. Corn is most-
Iv cut, beans mostly pulled, and the wheat sowing is com¬
pleted. w. P. R.

Wayne Co., N. Y’.

0Sfi

Quality first

IS

EddystonE

PRINTS

the key-note of good dressing. Don’t
waste your time and money and appearance
on anything but the best.

Simpson- Eddystone Prints have been rec¬
ognized as the standard of the United States
for over sixty years. Every piece of calico is
thoroughly examined to make sure that its
quality is the best, its pattern perfect in
color and printing.

Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddy stone Prints.

In Blacks, Black - and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.
T/tousands of fir si-class dealers sell them.

Tha Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers)

Philadelphia

SAN JOSE SCALE

Worst of all Orchard Pests.

Get after it as soon as trees become dormant. You can
handle the approved Scale Mixtures perfectly with

WALLACE POWER SPRAYERS.

These Sprayers give sustained high pressure, suf¬
ficient to spray largest trees perfectly, and cost
nothing for power. Compressed air; all power from
wagon wheels.

STANDARD SPRA YER, as shown, for Or<y nary
orchard work.

WALLACE .JUNIOR, one-horse cart sprayer for
styihII tr6GS

DUPLEX SPRAY'ER, extra powerful, for oldest
orchards.

We also make the PEERLESS GASOLINE ENGINE SPRAYING OUTFIT,
adapted to orchards and all other work. Sprayer Book A Free.

WALLACE MACHINERY CO., Champaign, III.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
ill years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York.

40 Dearborn St., Chicago.

40 North 1th St., rhllaiielphia.

Teuleute-Key 11,

239 Fraukltn St., Boston

23-1 Craig St., West, Montreal, F.q.

22 Fitts St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Havana, Cub*.

No. as,
i qt.

Japanned
Price $5.50

When the farmer kills, about
one half of the hog goes to
make lard and sausage. For
taking care of these valuable
portions he needs just such a
machine as shown herewith.
It will more than pay for
itself in one week’s work, and
last a lifetime.

Labor and Money Saved
at Butchering Time

CIITCDDDICC sausage

fcN I tniKISt STUFFERS

are easy to manage, and they do the work right. The cylinder is bored true. The
plate fits true. Meat cannot work up over the plate. The spout is corrugated,
preventing air getting into the casing, assuring preservation of sausage. Can be
changed to a lard or fruit press in one minute. This is one of the labor-saving
machines that save money. Eight sizes and styles. Another is the Enterprise Meat
Chopper. Cuts sausage perfectly. Look them up in your hardware store, or write
to us about them. Look for the name “Enterprise” on the machine. Write for the
“ Enterprising Housekeeper’ ’ a book of 200 choice recipes and kitchen helps sent free.

THE ENTERPRISE MFC. CO. of PA., 263Dauphln St., Philadelphia, Pa.

TEN DOLLARS A DAY.

IF YOU LIVE IN THE COUNTRY, AND ARE AN
able-bodied man, we can put you into business so you can

make TEN DOLLARS A DAY and upward

during the Winter on a comparatively small investment. This
is a strictly legitimate proposition. Write us AT ONCE for
full particulars. Mention this paper and address

STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

734

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 7,

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

MRS. PIPERS PICKLED PEPPERS.
That Peter Piper peppers picked,

We surely all have heard.

But that the peppers pickled were
Is really most absurd.

’Tis true he picked the peppers out in his
garden bed.

Sought out good Mrs. Piper and loftily he
said :

“My dear, I’ve picked the peppers — a peck
of them for you.

Pray make them into pickles, 'twin not be
much to do.”

So early in the morning, her short task was
begun —

On weary Mrs. Piper the last rays of the
sun

Shone in and showed the onions and cab
bage shredded tine.

The cauliflower awaiting within Its bath of
brine.

Three quarts of ripe tomatoes, horseradish
grated till

The eyes of Mrs. Pepper, with patient tears
would fiill.

The sugar that required a special trin to
town,

For Peter Piper’s mother said “the. sugar
must be brown."

Some vinegar and turmeric whatever that
may be,

Nasturtium seed, and mustard seed and
seed of celery.

Four bull nosed peppers lacking which, the
whole thing would be wrong.

The cucumbers and they must be no more
than one inch long.

With ginger root and cayenne and salt and
cinnamon

I^aid out upon the table the first day’s work
was done.

I’ll not prolong the story — a man would
not believe

How Mrs. Piper labored — a woman's heart
would grieve.

Suffice that three days’ struggle,

Of early toil and late
Produced the pickled peppers
That Peter Piper ate.

— Hartford Courant.

*

Anyone lucky enough to have some
syrup left from canning plums would do
well to use it in canning pears. It will
give a delicious flavor.

*

Sweet pickled beets are an agreeable
change from the ordinary mode of prep¬
aration. Boil till tender, then skin, and
cut into slices or strips. Put in glass
jars rather loosely, so that each piece will
be surrounded by the pickle. To two
quarts of vinegar add four pounds of
brown sugar, and, when these are in the
kettle, add a scant half-teaspoonful of
pulverized alum. Use a porcelain-lincd
kettle for this liquid, and bring the con¬
tents to a boil. Skim carefully, and then
add to it a small cheese-cloth bag contain¬
ing a teaspoonful each of whole pepper
corns, allspice and cloves. Boil again,
and add a little Cayenne pepper and salt.
Fill the jars to overflowing with this
liquid, and set aside over night. The next
morning drain the beets, and bring the
syrup again to a hard boil. Pour this
again into the jars of beets, doing so
while it is scalding hot, and filling each
jar to overflowing. Seal immediately.

*

At a recent private view of imported
gowns one striking model was a princess
dress of dark blue and green plaid, made
up on the bias. The skirt, which was
long and sweeping, was of the umbrella
shape, and showed no seams except at
the back, being fitted at the sides by hor¬
izontally curving tucks. The waist was
drawn smooth over the lining and shaped
by a few tucks, while the sleeves were
shirred leg of mutton shape, made of
changeable black and green velvet; a high
military collar of gold embroidery and
four handsome gold buttons near the
shoulder completed the costume. The
dress, which was priced at $250, looked
as though it had been draped over the
model and then sewn into place ; there
were no visible means of getting in or out
of it. All the street gowns shown in this

display had extremely high military col¬
lars, and all the model hats had very high
crowns; it looks as though the fashion¬
able woman was trying, by taking thought,
to add a cubit to her stature. Broad¬
cloth was a highly favored material, often
combined with panne or chiffon velvet.
The modern broadcloth is lighter in
weight than formerly, very soft, and al¬
most as lustrous as silk. It is partic¬
ularly beautiful in the new shades of
red, plum color and purple. I he hairy
cloths, such as zibeline, are not seen, ex¬
cept in occasional separate coats. Some
very attractive herringbone suitings and
invisible checks are seen among the new
dress goods-

*

The method of frying chicken de¬
scribed by Mr. Mapes on page 722 will be
interesting to many housewives who feel
that their broilers do not come to the
table as tender and juicy as they should
be. Young and presumably tender
chicken is often surprisingly rubber-like
in its texture as ordinarily fried, and two
reasons may account for this; it is cooked
too soon after killing and it is cooked too
fast. Three-quarters of an hour over a
slow fire is the usual allowance for broil¬
ing a chicken, the top of the broiler being
covered with a plate to hold in the steam.
A broiler is very good if smothered in¬
stead of fried or broiled. Have a year-
old chicken split as for broiling. Wipe
dry, spread it liberally with butter all
over, dust with flour and pepper, and
place, skin side down, in a dripping pan
(over a meat rack). Pour in a cupful
boiling water, add a few sprigs of pars¬
ley, cover closely and bake in a hot oven
one hour. Then turn the chicken skin
side up, sprinkle with a half teaspoonful
of salt, and brown uncovered, 10 or 15
minutes. Cut up the giblets, which have
been cooked tender in one pint of water,
add a level dessertspoonful flour and a
lump of butter the size of an egg with the
water from the giblets, which will be re¬
duced to about a cupful, and stir all in the
dripping pan, seasoning with a saltspoon-
f ill of salt, a good dash of pepper, parsley
or sweet marjoram. Joint the chicken
that it may be easily carved, but do not
separate it. Serve on a platter with the
gravy poured around.

Some Easy-to=Grow Perennials.

Two useful plants for the hardy border
are Alyssum saxatile and Veronica spicata,
here mentioned together because both are
low-growing and of modest demeanor,
though quite hardy and vigorous, as all
Spring-blooming perennials must be. The
Alyssum is called Golden Tuft, and Bas¬
ket of Gold, and is truly one of the floral
treasures of early Spring. I f you would
have your Veronica stand “18 inches
high,” as the catalogues specify, invent
some support of small stakes and strings;
without them it will content itself with
making a spreading carpet all prettily
blue, and a cheerful sight while you are
transplanting your annuals and waiting
for other flowers to get settled to the
Summer’s work. Both Veronica and
Alyssum thrive upon divisions, and there
are always roots to spare for a neighbor’s
garden.

The hardy evening primroses called
Oenothera in the flower books, give
spreading roots to share with one’s
friends, and are so self-reliant, cheery and
useful both as cut and border flowers,
that we should sadly miss them from the
garden. Another golden favorite not to
be omitted from the hardy border is Core¬
opsis lanceolata. If not already in your
collection be sure that it will some day
find its way there and establish itself as
a flower you would not be without.

To talk of hardy, yellow flowers and
make no mention of Golden Glow might

seem like neglect, but this sturdy stand¬
by seems almost to speak for itself. There
is no farmhouse too neglected to be with¬
out its touch of gold. Back corners and
waste places content it very well, so that
as some one has remarked Golden Glow
seems sent on special mission to afford
cheer where most needed- The double
hardy Helianthus would probably have
crowded it out of our affections had it
proved equally hardy. But in southern
New England the Helianthus cannot be
relied upon to survive every sort of Win¬
ter. A favorable location and mild sea¬
son may see it vigorous in the Spring, but
after repeated losses we try to forget how
neatly quilled and well formed are its
clear yellow flowers, and how charming
a centerpiece they make with our favorite
white Dahlias arranged in a big blue
bowl with plenty of the Dahlias’ crisp
foliage.

Early Autumn is an excellent time for
dividing and resetting Irises, pteonies,

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Dietz Lanterns

You might as well carry a lantern that
gives a strong, steady light as to carry
the smoking, flickering kind. They
don't cost any more. Dietz Cold Blast
lanterns burn pure, fresh air That
accounts for the .

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

That’s only half of the story. They
are safe and everybody says a Dietz,
any style, is the most convenient lan¬
tern made. You get all these things
all the time if you buy a Dietz. t_If your
dealer offers you some other “just as
good.” write to us. We’ll see you sup¬
plied with a Dietz.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY?

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

_ _ _ ✓

Yuccas, the hardy Phlox and all sorts of
stout, herbaceous plants. Never reset
a large clump of any of these plants, but
pull or cut the roots neatly apart, throw
away bid and stubby portions, selecting
fresh young roots for the new stand.
Irises make pretty rows at the back of the
border and love plenty of moisture when
in bloom. Be careful not to set preonies
too deep. Yuccas can endure almost any
amount of sunshine and drought. If set
with the roots rather high and stones
piled about to hold some good soil in
place they will be well suited. Of course
no water must stand on the crowns of
hardy plants during Winter. If the bed
is low make surface drains just before the
ground freezes. prudent primrose.

$42,000

in Cash
Prizes

will be gjv*en by The
Laddies’ Home Journal
and The Saturday
Evening Post this winter
and spring ; in addition to
first-rate pay for work that
is easy and pleasant and sure.

One woman got $1810
last winter; another $1325 ;
another $900; a man got
$1004; another man $ 1 950.

No chance of not making
anything. It is almost too
easy — people sometimes get
the idea they haven’t got to
do anything at all. No
expense involved and no
experience necessary.
Simply write to

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

WINTER CLOTHING OFFER.

FREE SAMPLE AND
TRIAL PROPOSITION.

If you would have any use for a
heavy or medium weight all wool Suit,
Overcoat or Ulster, then DON’T BUT
ELSEWHERE at any price, under any
circumstances, until you cut this ad¬
vertisement out and mail it to us. You
will theu receive by return mall free,
postpaid, the Grandest Clothing Offer
ever heard of. You will get FREE a
big book of cloth samples of Men’s
Clothing, FREE an extra quality cloth
tape measure (yard measure). FREE a
book of Latest Fashions, descriptions
and illustrations of all kinds of cloth¬
ing for men. We will explain why we
can sell at prices so much lower than
were ever before known, a mere frac¬
tion of what others charge. We will
explain our straple rules so you can
take your own measure and how we
guarantee a perfect lit. You will get
our Free Trial Otter, our Pay After Re¬
ceived Proposition. With the free out¬
fit goes a special sample order blank
for ordering, return envelopes, etc.,
etc. You can get a whole Suit, an ex¬
tra pair of Pants and an Overcoat under our offer for
about ONE-HALF whnt somo Chicago tailors would
charge for one tingle palrof pants. The offer you will
get will astonish and please you. Prices on the best
clothes made reduced to next to nothing compared with
what you have been paying. DON T BUT CLOTHES
until you cut this ad. out and send to us. and see
what you get by return mall, FREE, POSTPAID.
Address. $EARS R Q E B U C K & CO.,?^^

THE BEST COOKING RANGE

MADE

Sold for Cash
or on Monthly
Payments.

$10 to $20
Saved.

Freight
Paid.

Your

money

refun tied

after six

month*

irlfti if

Clapp’s
Ideal Steel
Kange

Is not GO per cent better than others. My superior location on
Lake Erie, where Iron, steel, coal, freights and skilled labor are
cheaper and best, enables me to furnish a TOP NOTCH Steel
Range at a clean saving of $10 to $20. Send for free catalogues
of five dlfitinc* Hues GO styles and sizes, with or without reser¬
voir, for city, tow’n or country use.

CHESTER D CLAPP. 602 Summit St., Toledo, Ohio.

(Practical Steel Range Man.)

Steel Roofing, $1.50 Per 100 Sq. Ft.

Hew, painted both sides, most durable and economical
roof covering lor Houses, Barns. Sheds, etc. Freight Paid
to all Points East ol Colorado, except
Oklahoma, I nd. Ter. and Texas. Prices
elsewhere on application. $1.50 Is price
on on r No. 15 Flat Sheets, 2 ft.x2 it. At
$1.(;0 wo furnish the same in corrugated
or “V" rrimped. We also furnish this in
l! and 8 ft. lengths at an advance ol 6()c
per sq. Ask tor oar Froo Illustrated 500
Page Catalog No. A. M. 07 on Lumber,
Roofing, Wire Fencing, Hardware, Fur¬
niture. Clothingoild Genera! Stocks from
Sheriffs’ and Receivers' Sales. We
bought the Fifty Million Dollar St. Louia World's Fair.
Chicago House Wrocking Co., 35th A Iren Sts., Chicago

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU1

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that there is
butter stove or ranee made, and we save you from $5 to
$40 on every purchase, because we save you all middle¬
men’s, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We're manufactur¬
ers, not "mail-order dealers:” we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the' world;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Examine our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low

§ rice and save from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Freight Prepaid,
lacked, polished and ready for use All nur cook stoves and ranges aie equipped with
patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking1 easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

H e probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighbor hood.

Oven
Thermometer I

ioo5.

< i

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

735

Apple Butter.

An inquirer who sends no name or ad¬
dress asks for this recipe. Apple butter
should be made with new cider, freshly
made and unfermented. Fill a preserving
kettle with cider, and boil until reduced
one-half. Then boil another kettle the
same way, continuing until you have suf¬
ficient. Boil the cider the day before mak¬
ing the apple butter. lo four gallons of
boiled cider allow one-half bushel of good
juicy apples, pared, cored and quartered.
Fill a very large kettle with the boiled
cider, adding as many apples as can be
kept moist. Stir frequently, and when
the apples are soft, beat with a wooden
stick until they are reduced to a pulp.
Cook and stir continuously until the but¬
ter is a very dark brown, with the con¬
sistency of marmalade. Add more boiled
cider if too thick, and more apples if too
thin- Twenty minutes before it is fin¬
ished add ground cinnamon and nutmeg
to taste. No sugar is used. When cold,
put in stone jars and cover closely.

Suggestions in Grapes.

Our first use of grapes begins with the
making of green grape jelly. Select the
grapes when full grown, just before they
begin to turn purple. After separating
from the stem, wash, adding a little water
if the grapes are not very juicy. Mash
and stew until the skins are cooked.
Strain first through the colander, then
through the jelly bag. Measure the juice,
measure the same amount of sugar, put¬
ting it in the oven while the juice is being
boiled. The boiling will take half an
hour. Now add the hot sugar, which
you must be careful not to scorch, boil
about five minutes longer, and then the
jelly should be ready to pour in glasses.
Jelly made from the green grapes is solid,
of a delicious flavor and of a pretty
green tint. When on the farm we used
to make, late in the Fall, an apple and
wild grape jelly, using sufficient grape
juice to color and flavor the jelly.

Spiced Grape Jelly. — This is delicious
served with cold meats. Take equal
amounts of grape juice and sugar. Add
one-half teaspoonful of ground cloves and
one tablespoonful of cinnamon to each
quart of juice. Add the sugar as directed
in recipe above.

Canned Grapes. — After picking ripe
grapes from the stem, wash them. Re¬
move the skins, keeping them and the
pulps separate. Cook the pulps until the
seeds begin to separate. Run through a
colander or coarse sieve to remove the
seeds. Add the skins to the pulp, cooking
till tender. Allow one-half pound of
sugar to each pound of fruit.

Grape Marmalade. — This is made the
same as canned grapes, excepting a pound
of sugar is used to each pound of fruit.
The grapes should be cooked till quite
thick. A friend who does up a great
many quarts of grape juice says prepare
the juice as for jelly, boil for a few mo¬
ments, then sweeten to taste, bottling
while boiling hot.

People with but little ground at their
disposal can at least have grapes. Some
of ours are grown on the wire netting
separating our garden from our neighbor.
Every other vine belongs to each family.
Then the grapes growing on our side be¬
long to us. and those on his side are our
neighbor’s, irrespective of whose vine
they grow on. Grapevines are very cheap.
I ordered two Wordens with some fruit
trees this Spring, paying 15 cents each for
two-year-old vines. I also ordered from
another firm two-year-old vines, two Con¬
cords and one Diamond, at eight cents
apiece. In the latter case I had to pay
express charges of 35 cents, as I had also
ordered currants, blackberries and
peaches. Mailing size vines of the same
varieties were offered for 10 cents post¬
paid. HELEN C. ANDREWS.

“A commonplace life” we say, and we sigh ;

Rut why should we sigh as we say 1
The commonplace sun in the commonplace sky

Makes up the commonplace day.

The moon and the stars are commonplace
things.

The flower that blooms and the bird that
sings ;

Rut sad were the world and dark our lot.

If the flowers failed and the sun shone not;
And God. who sees each separate soul,

Out of commonplace lives makes his beautiful
whole. — Susan Coolidge.

The Rural Patterns.

A waist made after the lingerie model
shown in No. 5100 will be desirable for
soft silk or wool, for Winter. Both waist
and yoke are made with front and back
portions. The waist is tucked in groups
and joined to the yoke, and the closing
is made invisibly at the back. 1 he elbow
sleeves are tucked at their lower edges
and finished with stylish roll-over cuffs.
The long ones are made with deep cuffs
and puffed upper portions. The quantity of
material required for the medium size is
\'/ yards 21, 3 /2 yards 27 or 2)4 yards 14
inches wide, with 54 yard of all-over ma¬
terial and 3 yards of insertion. The pat-

6100 Lingerie Blouse with Yoke,
32 to 40 bust.

tern 5100 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36,
38 and 40 inch bust measure; price 10
cents.

The tucked and shirred skirt is very
suitable for young girls. 'The skirt is
made with the upper portion and flounce,
both of which are straight. The flounce
is gathered at its upper edge and seamed
to the skirt beneath the lowest tuck, while
the skirt itself it shirred to form a shal¬
low yoke which is arranged over a plain
foundation. The fullness at the back is
laid in inverted plaits. The quantity of

material required for the medium size
( 14 years) is 5*4 yards 27, 5 yards 32 or
3 J4 yards 44 inches wide. The pattern
5099 is cut in sizes for misses of 12, 14
and 16 years of age; price 10 cents.

Soapstone Covers. — When we first be¬
gan to use soapstone foot-warmers for
warming beds or when driving, we
thought it was necessary to make cloth
covers to fit the stones- These covers got
soiled and scorched and worn out, and we
drifted into the way of using newspapers
to wrap the stones in, thinking that when
we had time we would make some more
covers. But we discovered that news¬
papers were a very good substitute, hav¬
ing some advantages over the cloth cov¬
ers. They were easier to use; it takes
but an instant to lay the stone on the
middle of the paper, fold the sides over,
and then the ends. Paper holds the heat
better than cloth, and as soon as it be¬
comes torn it can be thrown away and a
new one used. Then, at the end of the
season, the stones can be hung up on their
nails, and there are no covers to catch
dust. s. B. R.

TRADE’

Bend for
Tool Booklet.

Xools for
The Farm

Keen Kutter quality tells in the actual use of the tool.

Keen Kutter Tools are not retired by an occasional snag
or “ tough proposition.” They are made to stand hard
work and lots of it. They hold their edges, do not
break easily, and last long after poor tools have gone
to the scrap heap. The

KEEK KUTTER

brand covers a complete line of tools. In buying any kind of
tool just see that the name Keen Kutter is on it and you have
assurance of full satisfaction. Keen Kutter Tools have been
Standard of America for 36 years, were awarded the Grand
Prize at the St. Louis Fair, and are the best that brains,
money, and skill can produce.

Some of the kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are : Axes, Adzes, Hammers,
Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives,
Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks,
Corn Knives, Eye Hoes, Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips,
Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc., and
Knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter
Tools write us and learn where to get them.

Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this
Mark and Motto:

" The ’Recollection of Quality Remains
Long After the Price is Forgotten."

Trade Mar* Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,
St. I.oula, U. 8. A., 898 Broadway, New York.

CentsraVeefc>K 4ftGeats aMoath,

FOR ONE YEAR JLUFOR 12 MONTHS

THAT’S OUR PRICE
FOR THE WONDERFUL

MISSISSIPPI WASHING MACHINE

SIX MONTHS
FREE TRIAL

With Its SPRING MOTIVE POWER and ROLLER
BEARING ROTARY ACTION, It runa easier than
any other washer made; a mere child can run It.

Forces double the water through the clothes at
double the velocity of any other washer and will
do double the work In half the time. Will wash
cleaner, better, and with less aoap than any other
washer made. Won’t wear or Injure the finest
lace, and will wash the heaviest blankets or car¬
pets. No more wearing out clothes; this alone
will save Us cost In a few months. Washing made
EASY, QUICK. CLEAN and ECONOMICAL.

Worth twice as much as any other machine
advertised or sold at *10.00 to *15.00.

HUD firCCP Cut this ad. out and mall to us, or on a
U U 11 UrrC.fl. postal card, or In a letter say, “Send me
— — — — — — — your new Washing Machine Offer. " and

you will receive by return mall, FREE, the moat wonderfully
liberal washing machine offer ever heard of. You will get a
proposition never made by any other house. Don’t buy any kind
of a washing machine, at any price, on any kind of terms, until
after we mail you our great offer. Write TODAY and get all we

return mall, free! SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., Chicago, Ill.

I NALL

Ever

J y buy two pair of ^
W Rubbers in one Winter?
/You should ^

have bought jA
HOOD’S. J&i

Hood’s Pilgrim
^ Heel. ^

Bar Telephone— Strongest Made

If you can’t
ring every
one with
this your
wire is
down.
Write us.

Eastern

Tel. Mfg.

Company

West

Chester,

Henna.

HOOD RUBBERS

/hoodN

TRADE MiUBBf y company J MARK)

\ BOSTON /' '

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/e you cf/v/vot get these hub -
BE/tS EBOM EOU/f BEAlEB-fVB/TE OS

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL FOR *

FARMERS' LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

78 Central A ve., Cleveland, O.

Cider Machinery-Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

5% And Safety

days* notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.
Supervised by New York
Banking Department.

PROFESSIONAL men and
r others with limited oppor¬
tunity for profitable home in¬
vestment are advised by many
•onservative authorities to
utilize the facilities of this Com-
r any for effecting loans on high-
class real estate. Our “certi¬
ficate” system is the simplest
plan for mail investment.
Write for detailed information

Assets, . SI, 700.000
Surplus and Profits ,
#160,000

Industrial Savings and Loan Co-
'> Times Bl’d’g, B’wy, N.Y. City

736

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October ?,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-YorkUr, Oct. 7. 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Neglecting the Home Market .

Hope Farm Notes . . .

Crop Prospects .

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

A Batch of Cow Notes .

Is Cross-Breeding Useful .

liaising Pigs by Hand .

Dairy Barn for the South .

Udder Derangement in Cows .

Wheat or Middlings for Hogs .

Butter from One Cow’s Milk .

Cow Care .

Care of Young Pullets .

Cattle and Thistles .

Silage and Alfalfa for Sheep .

Limber Neck in Poultry .

HORTICULTURE.

Suggestions About Seed Growing. . .

The Lebanon Oak .

Fruits for Wet Ground .

Girdling Grapevines .

Apple Picking . .

Greenhouse Work in October .

Notes from the Rural Grounds.....
Prospects for the Apple Crop .

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

Some Easy-to-Grow Perennials . . . .

Apple Butter .

Suggestions in Grapes .

The Rural Patterns .

Soapstone Covers .

MISCELLANEOUS.

Ups and Downs of Insects .

Concrete in a Dam .

American Institute Fair .

Products, Prices and Trade .

Editorials .

Events of the Week .

Publisher’s Desk .

Questions About Wire Fencing .

726

731

733

726

726

727
727
738
738
738
738
738

738

739
739

725

727

727

728

728

729

730
733

. 734

734

735
735
735
735

72 i
728
728

732

733
737
739

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending September 30, 1905. wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official tig-
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes. with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of otier
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figuies
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth

inspection .

No. 1, hard. Manitoba...
No. 2, red, for export. . .
Corn .

. . . —

@ 92 %
@ 92

@ 90 %
@ 59

Oats .

@ 33

Rye .

—

@ 70

Barley .

. . . —

@ 40

FEED.

Middlings

@23.00

@17.00

Spring Bran .

. .16.50

Cottonseed meal . .

. .28.00

@ —

I. in seed meal . .

@30.00

GRASS SEEDS.
New York retail prices.

Timothy, bu . -

Red Top, bu . -

Kentucky Blue Grass, bu . -

HAY AND STRAW.

Hav, No. 1 . 15.00

No. 2 . 13.50

No. 3 . 12.00

Clover, mixed . 1 2.00

Clover . 11 .00

Straw, Long rye . 13.00

Short and Oat . 9.00

MILK.

@3.00

@1.45

@2.35

@ 1 6.00
@14.00
@ 1 3.00
@13.00
@12.00
@15.00
@10.00

Taking effect October 1. the N. Y. Exchange
price has been advanced one-fourth cent, or
to $1.51 per 40-quart can. netting three

cents per quart to 26-eent zone shippers who

have no extra station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, first quality .

. 20

@ 20%

Lower grades .

. 17

@ 19

Slate Dairy .

. 10 V. @ 19%

Imitation Creamery .

. 17

% @ 19

Renovated .

@ 19%

Packing Stock .

. 15

@ 17%

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

—

@ 11 %

Fair to choice .

. 11

@ 1 1 %

Light skims .

9-Yi @ 10

Full skims .

0

%@ 3%

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

. 28

@ 30

Selected, white, choice .

. 20

@ 27

Mixed, extra .

. 24

@ 25

Nearby, fair to good .

. 20

@ 23

Western and southern .

. 16

@ 21

Refrigerator .

. . .17

@ 21

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evap., 1904. fancy. . .

. -

@ 8

Evap.. 1904. choice .

. -

@ 7 %

Evap., 1904, com. to prime

4 V> @ 7 14

Sun dried, 1904 .

3% @ 5%

Sun dried, 1905, southern.

3

@ 4%

Raspberries. 1905 .

. -

@ 25

Cherries, 1905 .

. 11 %@ 12

Blackberries, 1905 .

. 7

%@ 8

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Alexander .

@4.00

Gravenstein .

@3.25

Duchess .

@3.50

Wealthv .

@3.50

Maiden Blush .

. 2.00

@3.00

Fall Pippin .

@3.00

Baldwin .

@2.25

Ilubbardston .

@2.00

Greening .

@2.25

Culls and windfalls .

.1.00

@1.50

Pears. Seckel and Bartlett . . .

@5.00

Bose .

@4.00

Clairgeau .

. 2.50

@3.50

Aniou .

.2.00

@3.00

Louise Bonne .

. 2 25

@3.00

Flemish Beauty .

. 2.00

@2.75

Kieffer .

.1.00

@3.00

Plums. 8-lb. lik t .

. 10

@ 30

Peaches, %hu. hkt .

. 25

@ 75

Grapes, 18-lb. case .

. 50

@ 85

4-lb. basket .

8

@ 13

Cranberries, bbl .

6

@ 7

Muskmelons. bu. crate .

.1.00

@2.50

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu .

. -

@8.00

Ilickorynuts. bu .

.2.00

@3.00

Butternuts, bu .

@ no

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, L. I., ISO lbs...

@2.00

State & Jersey, round sorts. 1.50

@1.75

Long kinds .

. . .1.40

@1.60

Sweet potatoes, bbl .

. . . 1.12

@2.00

Brussels sprouts, quart...

6

@ 1 2

Beets, 100 bunches .

@1.00

Carrots, bbl .

. . .1.00

@1.50

Cabbage, 100 .

@4.00

Celery, dozen .

... 15

@ 40

Cucumbers, bbl .

. . .2.00

@4.00

Pickles, 1000 .

. . . 2.00

@5.00

Corn. 100 .

@1.25

Cauliflowers, bbl .

@3.50

Eggplants .

. . . 75

@ 90

Lettuce, dozen .

. . . 25

@ 50

Lima Beans, bu .

@1.50

Onions, Conn., white, bbl. .

. . .3.00

.@3.50

Conn., yellow .

. . .2.00

@2.50

Conn., red .

@1.75

Orange Co., yellow, bag.

. . .1.25

@2.00

Orange County, red .

@1.75

Long Island, bbl .

@2.00

Ohio, white, bu .

. . . 50

@ 75

Peppers, bbl .

. . . 50

@ 85

Spinach, bbl .

@1.00

Squash. Hubbard, bbl .

. . . 50

@ 75

Marrow .

. . . 40

@ 60

Turnips, Ruta baga, bbl...

@1.00

Tomatoes, bu. . .

. .. 15

@ 20

BEAN’S.

. . . 2.50

@ 3.50

. . 1 75

@2.25

Pea .

. . .1.50

@1.75

Red kidney .

@3.00

Yellow Eye .

@2.00

HOPS.

N. Y. State. 1905 .

. .. 18

@ 22

1904 choice .

. . . 20

@ 21

Common to prime .

... 15

@ 19

German, 1905 .

. . . 32

@ 42

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens .

. . . 1 1 V, @ 12

Fowls .

. . . -

@ 13

Roosters .

. . . -

@ 8 %

Turkeys .

_

@ 13

Ducks, pair .

. . . 40

@ SO

Geese, pair .

. . .1.00

@1.50

Pigeons, pair .

fa 20

DRESSED POX'

LTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb .

... 16

@ 20

Old Turkeys .

... 14

@ 18

Chickens, fey, broilers, lb. .

. . . 20

@ 22

Fair to choice .

. .. 15

@ IS

Prime roasters .

. . . 20

@ 22

Fair to good .

. . . 12

@ 17

Fowls .

—

@ 14

Ducks .

... 12

fa 17

Squabs, prime, dozen .

. . .2.50

@3 50

Mixed and dark .

. . .1.25

@2.00

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Veal, calves, Hi .

@ 12

Fork .

@ 9

Roasting Pigs .

. . . in

@ 13

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers, 100 lbs .

@5.40

@4.40

Bulls .

. . . 2.40

@3.15

fa 3 25

Milch cows with calves...

. .20.00

@55.00

Calves, veal .

@9.50

Culls .

. . .3.00

(Ti 4.00

Sheep .

@5.00

Lambs .

. . .6.50

@8.25

Dogs, State and Pa . .

@6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for

car lots. Single

bag lots 10 to 25 per cent

higher.

Nitrate of soda .

. . -

@50.00

Muriate of Potash .

. . . -

@ 42 00

Acid Phosphate . .

@14.00

Kainit .

—

@ 1 2.00

Dried Blood .

. . . -

@52.00

Caterpillar Crusades. — Rochester. N. Y..
Is enlisting the school children in a crusade
against the Tussock moth. The school chil¬
dren will be paid seven cents a quart for the
cocoons, each quart to contain about 400
egg masses and weigh 2 % ounces. Five hun¬
dred dollars has been appropriated by the
park board for the purpose. In addition to
the regular payments, there will be six spe¬
cial prizes of $5 each to the six boys mak-
ng the highest records. It is an interesting cal¬
culation to figure how many caterpillars will
be destroyed by this plan if the fund be ex¬
hausted. At seven cents a quart $470 will
buy 6,714 quarts of egg masses. Each quart
must contain at least 375 egg masses, or a
total of 2.517.750 egg masses in the 6.714
quarts. Prof. Rlingerland. of Cornell Uni¬
versity estimated that each egg mass would
produce 200 caterpillars, so that 2.517.750
egg masses would produce 503.550.000 cater¬
pillars next Snring. Approximately, there¬
fore. 500.000.o00 caterpillars will be de¬
stroyed by the expenditure of the $500.
which is at the rate of $1 a million, or $10,-
000 caterpillars for a cent.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

WE WILL PAY WEEKLY
Salary and Expenses to

successful Canvassers.
About a dozen men wanted at
once. Experience and very best
references required. Send ref¬
erences with application.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

''SPECIAL! DEERSKIN MIT

Fleece lined; strong and durable. An unusual

value.
Postpaid

60c

pair, or
two pair

$1

Handsome Catalog Free. Deerskin
Glove Co., 20 Middle St., Gloversville, N. Y.

s

✓

Furniture At

Factory Cost.

Save Wt to ^ By Buying Direct.

This handsome and up-
to-date kitchen cabinet,

No. 114, affords every pos¬
sible kitchen convenience.

Substantially built of oak
and elm, nicely finished
in Golden Oak. Height 70
inches. Top of table 26x45
Table has 1 large, sliding flour
bin, cupboard with spring
catch, two large drawers and
a kneading board. Top has
large cupboard with two pan¬
eled doors flttcd on inside
with utensil racks. Small
shelf and hooks under cup¬
board. This cabinet regularly
sold by dealers at $15.00. Our
price, direct from factory and
GUARANTEED, only $10.00.

This kitchen cabinet, No. 34, is a
very serviceable cabinet, made
of Michigan white hard maple,
strong and well finished in
natural wood. Height 50 in.
Table top 20x48 in. One largo
flour bin, partitioned, capaci¬
ty 75 lbs. flour, etc. Two extra
largo drawers, 19x17x4 in.,
and two 14x19x5 in. Two
handmade pastry hoards. Top
of cabinet lias six spice drawers
and one large center drawer.
Regularly sold by retailers at
.... . «... v/ $12.00. Our price, direct from

Kitehen Cabinet* 1. factory and GUARANTEED,
No. .M. v only. $9#00b

Mado of Michigan
white hard maple.

Our kitchen cabinet No. 41
is a special value at an extra
special low price. Carefully
built for service, the pa its neatly
assembled and finished in
Golden Onk. Table top is 26x48
i n . T wo 1 a rgo d ra wersl 9xl7x 4 i n .

Two flour bins, capacity 50 lbs.
each. Two handmade pastry II Jt#"' Kitchen
boards. Tlio extra strong lira- tAI Cabinet. .No. 41.
cing is a particular feature. ss I

Never sold hy dealers for less Note how strong it's
than *7.50. Our price, direct braced,

from factory and GUARANTEED, only $4.40. Catalogue de¬
scribes and prices many other styles.

Cuts show
Sew Ing Cab¬
inet No. 101
open and
closed.

Our Ladies' Sewing Cabinet No. 101*»s a popular and conveni¬
ent piece of furniture in any home. Height 27 in. Contains
three drawers, each 11x15 in. inside, each fitted with good lock
and key. Top of cabinet 20x44 in. when open. Yard measure on
top. Cabinet occupies floor space only 19x20 in. whenclosedand
gives good ©ervice as table or stand. Solidly built of oak, with
fine Golden Oak finish. A handsome piece of furcsture. Regu¬
lar retail price $9.00. Our price, direct from factory and GUAR¬
ANTEED, only $5.75.

Complete Furniture Line. Our new illustrated house fur¬
nishings catalogue will show you a complete line of furniture
and everything needcd.in fitting up a homo, at prices on which
we defy competition, quality considered. WE GUARANTEE
SATISFACTION OR MONEY REFUNDED. Send for 400 -page new
catalogue to-day. CASH SUPPLY AND MFG. CO., 481 Lawrence
Square. Kn in »>»«•»«,>.

ENSILAGE AND FODDER
CUTTERS (gr^EMPIRE'**

with Crusher and Shred
der. Also 1. 2 and 3 Horse Tread
Powers, 2 to 8 Horse Sweep
Powers, 5 sizes Grain Separa¬
tors, Feed Mills, Hand and
Power Corn S hellers. Wood
Saws, Engines, 3 to 25 H. P.,

Mounted or Stationary, etc.

Catalogue free.
f IIE WKSSIXGKR MFG. CO., Tat»my, Pa.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details. Refer- j
ences and Methods of Handling goods. Market quota- 1
tions. Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request

104 Murray Street,

F. H. KEELER & CO.,

New York.

ATT E NT I O N at

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

For Sale at $15 per acre, 362 acres

overlooking Court House, 7 room house, 75 acres cleared, 75 wood
pasture, balance oak. T. B. STONE, Louisa, Va.

$300 GENUINE ARABIAN STALLION

Six years, 15U hands. 1,000 pounds. Exhibited at St.
Louis Fair. Sound, kind, fearless and handsome.
Golden Sorrel. A great stock horse. Might exchange.

or. f. PE^irsoKr,

63 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— LAND LIME and CHESTNUT
POSTS. Car lots. Geo. F. Kichline, Easton, Pa.

rilAS. E. ELLISON, Waynesboro, Va. Head-
quarters for ground Tobacco Stems.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

“ELM HILL ”

HOLSTEIN STOCK FARM

FOR SALE.

A No. 1 Horse or Cattle Farm— 272 acres: clay loam :
very fertile: excellent buildings, in good repair; good
fences; well watered; windmill. Stable room for 125
cattle. Barn room for 350 tons bay. Largest silo in
Northern New York. Mile track can De made in
sight of buildings, with little grading.

REGISTERED HOLSTEIN HERD.

Well advertised. Excellent shipping facilities.
Three miles from R. R. junction at Philadelphia, N.
Y. State road to be built from Philadelphia to farm.
Splendid location for high-class stock farm. Little
competition in vicinity for registered cattle or horses.
Send for Circular giving full description ot farm,
buildings, stock, prices, terms. Mention this paper.

Will be sold with or without Holstefns,
DR. GEO. A. COE, Watertown, New York.

WANTFIl-An energetic, -experienced Greenhouse
II nil I LU Gardener at once. Address.

J. C. H-, care of Rural New-Yorker.

THE SCHOOL QUESTION ? SsS

Catalogues and reliable information concerning all
schools and colleges furnished without charge. New
York Branch American School and College Agency.
Room 1, 255 West 104th Street. New York, N. V.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT highly endorses Chas.
r Wagner’s Famous Book, “ The Simple Life.” We
sell the only cheap edition published. Price to readers
of R. N.-Y. hy prepaid mail, 10c' (silver): 3 copies 25c.
E. & E. Selee, Dept. 4, 120 Manner St., Buffalo, N.Y.

U/ANTEn AN EXPERIENCED DAIRYMAN
If HH I CU with family. State wages expected

with reference.

Ty.

DENNIS, Meda, Ga.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred fot laying,
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

WANTED.

Four hundred White Wyandotte Pullets; March or
April hatched. State pi ices.

0. E. HAMILTON. Chazy, Clinton County, N. Y.

DUSINESS MANAGER WA

^ town to manage branch office

WANTED in every
_ ce and superintend

force of salesmen: big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can lie managed witli other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO.. Nurserymen,
Newark, New York, Dept. A.

COMIKTGrTO TE3CA.S7

Look up my advertisement in September 23d issue.
R. M. MORRIS, If. R. 2. San Antonio. Tex.

FARM FOR SALE.

FINE lOO-ACRE FARM situated in the fruit
belt of Western New York, The laud is in a good
state of cultivation, well ditched and many new
fences; 5 acres of woodland. The buildings are extra
fine and large, and never failing supply of water-.
R. F. D. and within H-mile of village, school and
churches; lhz mile from Railroad Station and
market. Address Box 46, Bellona, N. Y.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St,, N, Y.

SURE CURE! Brooks’Appllanoe

New discovery. No obnox¬
ious springs or pads. Auto¬
matic Air Cushion. Hinds
and draws the broken
parts together as you
would s broken limb. No
salves. No lymphol. No
lies. Durable, cheap. I’at.
Kept. 10. ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CAT4LOCUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE C0-, Box 196, MARSHALL. MICH.

‘ A great deal In a little space."

— Tht Press.

“ THE

FOUR-TRACK

SERIES”

This is the title of a series of
books of travel and education
issued hy the Passenger Depart¬
ment of the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES .

These small books are filled with
information regarding the best
modes of travel and the education
that can best be obtained by travel.

They re ate specifically to the
great resorts of America- to trips
to the islands of the sea and
around the world.

They also contain numerous il¬
lustrations and new and accurate
maps of the country described.

A copy of the 52 page Illustrated Catalogue
of the " Four-Track Series ” will be sent
free, upon receipt of postage stamp hy
ueorge H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent.
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad.
Grand Central Station, New York.

Get it

from your

Druggist,

«*• STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE'S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN,
CHILDREN

and MEN

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kina l nat Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in carload
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building:, Pittsburgh, Pa.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

737

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

We are receiving letters from subscrib¬
ers in Northern States asking us if a
firm of brokers located in Wall Street,
New York City, is responsible. This firm
sends out letters and circulars offering to
loan money at six per cent interest, but
before they consider the application for a
loan the would-be borrower is required to
send a fee of $2 to compensate the Wall
Street brokers for looking up his refer¬
ences. It is difficult to find satisfactory
information about concerns of this kind,
but the fact that they require the $2 ad¬
vance fee is not encouraging. If they get
applications enough with the advance fee
it will not matter to them whether they
make any loans or not, and in any case,
you may be sure that they will require as
good security as would be asked by a
bank or money lender in your own town.
It seems to us that you will be in your $2
if you keep it in your pocket.

From time to time we have had occa¬
sion to refer to a class of seedsmen and
nurserymen who do not seem to consider
the interest of their customers after they
have received the cash for the order. The
complaints that we receive usually come
from concerns whose advertising we
would not carry under any circumstances
in The R. N.-Y. We carry advertising
for hundreds of supply houses every year,
and there has never been but two of these
for which we have had occasion to re¬
fund the money ourselves to the com¬
plaining customers. One of these is S. J.
Smith, Shortsville, N. Y. ; the other
Sheerin’s Nurseries, Dansville, N. Y. We.
of course, accept no more of their advertis¬
ing. The R. N.-Y. has carried the adver¬
tising of one seed house for 50 years, and
not a single complaint has ever been en¬
tered by a subscriber within the memory
of those now connected with the paper.
Others have advertised regularly for many
years with the same result. All of this
goes to show that the majority of houses
in these lines treat their customers right,
and understand that in doing so they
work for their own best interest. It is
the few careless, or indifferent, or dis¬
honest ones who make all the trouble.
Bearing on this subject are the following
two letters recently received from differ¬
ent sections of the country:

Last Spring I sent $19.85 to ,T. A. Everitt,
Indianapolis. I net., for a man-weight culti¬
vator and drill, and farm and garden seeds.
No acknowledgement of the money was re¬
ceived, hut in due time I received from
him a package of plants. It was getting
late and I wrote him urging dispatch. No
answer, but well along In late Spring the
cultivator came with the Six Weeks potatoes
packed in the box. Potatoes around me
were from six to 12 inches high when
mine came. I sent and paid for an
ounce of climbing nasturtium seed. The
seed produced a very dwarf plant of very
inferior flowers. A package of “Everitt’s
Good Enough” musk melon seed produced two
kinds of muskmelon and one of cucumber.
A package off Halbert’s Iloney watermelon
gave us melons far inferior to‘ Kolb’s Gem.
The other seeds failed to grow, for which
I am thankful. As to the cultivator, the
tool holder is made of such poor iron that
the threads pull off in tightening the screws
enough to hold the tool from turning side-
wise. I have had two blacksmiths at work
on it. but they are discouraged and I have
had no use of the machine this Summer.
I have written Mr. Everitt a number of
times, but have received no answer.

Bluff City, Kan. r. w. d.

Four years ago I bought of Merrick &
Adams, Watervilie, Me. .'500 peach treees —
200 in lots of 20 in 10 different varieties, ;Aid
100 Stump-the- World. The 200 were divided
into early like Sneed, to the latest like Hill’s
Chili. The whole 300 were well established
kinds such as all nurseries keep in stock. I
bought these direct from the firm, had no
dealings with agents. In all communica¬
tions I said “send no clingstones.” The
land was in perfect order and the trees had
made a very large growth. I had spent a
great deal of time and money in caring for
them. No crops have been grown, the land
has been well stirred with the cultivator and
hoe. This Spring they blossomed for the
first time and set a few peaches. On some
dozen or 15 of the Stump I picked half a
peck of little yellow woolly, measly cling¬
stones. instead of the splendid white-fleshed
high-colored, high-flavored Stump-the-World.
On the other 200 I picked a half dozen of
white flesh clingstone of too poor a kind to
market. My land lias been given up to the
use of these worthless trees all this time
It would be worth more if it were bare of
trees. If the trees had been true to name
they probably would pay a large interest on
$10 or $15 a tree for a number of years and
much more if they were as prolific as the
last peaches I raised. Here is a case where
there is no redress. They have made their
little profit on the trees, and I have lost
hundreds of dollars. I. R. w.

Pawtucket, It. I.

In I. R. W.’s case the error or careless¬
ness or deception, whichever it may be
called, has proved a severe loss to him
and a great disappointment as well. It
may not be possible for nurserymen al¬
ways to avoid errors of this kind, but it
is significant that we do not have com¬
plaints of this kind from houses which
have been in the business for years, and
which have established a reputation for
themselves.

R. W. D.’s complaint is intelligent and
definite. His letters to the Indianapolis
house were no doubt equally definite and

would certainly merit the courtesy of a
reply if nothing more. But after all, if
a seedsman sends out two kinds of melons
and one kind of cucumber seed in a pack¬
age labeled one particular variety of melon
seed, he would have difficulty in making
satisfactory explanation to an intelligent
customer, and as he probably has to seek
new customers for each transaction, he
probably would have little time to answer
complaints.

POULT R the

^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-
) bators. Live Stock, Brooders — anything —
)it’s our business. Call or let us send you
>onr Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the
jasking — it's worth having.

>Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,

.jDept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City

COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ

c*

THE FIRST

Hartman Stockade Woven
Wire Fence

Ever built was erected 17 years ago and is still in
use as durable and strong as when first put up.
The Hartman is a perfectly woven wire fence tliat
is strong enough to keep in the maddest hull and
fine onough to keep out tho chickens. It is made
of tho best quality galvanized steel wire and con¬
tains much more material than fences more cheap¬
ly constructed. That’s why it lasts so long. If
your dealer doesn’t handlo it, writo for catalogue
and prices. Address

GLEN MFG. CO., 110 Mill St., Ellwood City, Pa.

Also Mfrs. Hartman Steel Picket Fence, Hart¬
man Flexible Wire Mats and (ilea Steel Mat.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof,
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough,
Absolutely Waterproof
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac i c ally Fire Proof.

Can Be TJsed on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sain ’ is. prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

HENS WILL LAY

twice the eggs, more fertile, produce better
hatches, heavier fowls, earlier broilers and
bigger profits if fed green cut bone, rich in
protein and all other egg elements.

latest model

^ BONE CUTTER

Sent on 10 Day* Tree Trial. No money
in advance. Ncverclogs. Cuts fast, easy and
fine. Cat’lg free.

F. W. Mann Co., Boxlu , Milford, Mass.

LEADING POULTRYMEN

use Page Poultry Fence. Why?
Because it is built for service.
Fences poultry In, stock out.
Properly erected, it outlasts the
posts. Does not bag nor sug. Re¬
quires no boards, few posts. Fits
any surface and doesn’t obstruct

_ the view. Ask us about It.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co.,Box 770, Adrian, Mich.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn, i lesoriptive circular
and price list FREE.

TRAQE MASK

14 YEARS THE STANDARD

LAY YOUR OWN ROOF!

Every roll of Ruberoid Roofing contains sufficient nails, tin
caps and Ruberine Cement to apply it. and if directions are
followed you are bound to get good results. Ruberoid is very
easy to apply, cheaper than metal or shingles, outlasts either, its
cost is low, and it requires little or no attention.

It contains no rubber, tar, paper or other short-lived ingre¬
dients, but is thoroughly saturated with a patented compound
which retains its flexibility and elasticity indefinitely. Ruberoid
roofs laid 14 years ago are still giving satisfaction where other
materials wrecked in a short time.

Send for samples and Booklet R.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MAN UFACTU RERS,

IOO William Street. New York.

Roofed With Paroid Roofing

Many of the largest farm and poultry buildings in the country as well
as government and railroad warehouses, factories, etc. are now roofed
and sided with Paroid Roofing. The above illustration shows the
largest stock bam in Minnesota, covered with Paroid. In spite of
cheap imitations it grows in popularity , because every one who uses
it finds it economical, extra strong, durable and thoroughly satisfac¬
tory. Make no mistake — get Paroid.

Light slate color; contains no tar; does not crack nor run, does not
taint rain water, keeps buildings dry and warm, looks well, lasts long,
spark, water, cold, heat, smoke and gas proof. That’s why it’s so popular.

r«pp To show you exactly what it is we’ll send you a
^**m*m*' free sample and name of nearest dealer. Investi¬

gate now. For a 2 cent stamp we’ll send hook of building plans for poultry
and farm buildings. „ _ _ „ _ ,

F. W. BIRD & SON, Makers.

Originators of Free Roofing Kit— fixtures for applying in every roll.

East Walpole. Mass., Established 1817. Chicago. Illinois.

16 inch Ensilage $3 pi

Gutter " Knives

Tho knives are
Bet spirally, giv¬
ing a 8 b e a r1
downward cut.

The cutting bar is made
from the finest solid razor
steel. Is reversible so four
edges can be used before
regrinding.

mreen rol,s areV

rCCU driven by expansion gears so there is
always an even tension on the fodder whether you feed
heavy or light; length of cut can be varied from X to
of an inch.

film CACCTV 0>- "'heel makes the machine safe
uun onre I I at all times. The frame is made of
hard wood -all material best t hat can be had. Machine ,
Is heavy, strong and substantial.

PADAPITV Green fodder, 6 to 9 tons per hour;
UArHul I I dry. 3 to 5 tons. l’ower,3to6H P.
CUDCnnCD unn We also make a shredder
OnilLIIULn nuAUa head that is interchange¬
able with cutter head, making a shredder or cutter
swivel carrier any length. We make a complete line of
cutters and shredders for hand or power.

mTHIS AD OUT and mail to ns and we will send
yon our implement calalogue free.

Marvin Smith Co. 55 N. Jefferson St. Chicago.

A QUART OF PAINT,

GIVEN AWAY.

ENOUGH MATERIAL
TO DO PLENTY OF
PAINTING FREE.

Send us 25 cents
to pay the express
charges (return this
notice), and we will
send you by return
express, free and
charges prepaid, a
full quart can of
our highest grade
Seroco Ready Mixed
House Paint with a
good brush to
it, a complete
of instructions
“How to Paint.”
and a complete book
of 85 sample shades
with prices of Seroco, the highest grade ready mixed
house paint in the world, which we sell at 85 cents to
98 cents per gallon, according to quantity. The
quart of finest paint, the brush, instruction book and
color book, all is free. The 25 cents is asked only to
prepay the express charges, we stand the expense of
box and parking also. Your choice of French gray,
fawn, Cofonial yellow (cream), light stone, maroon or
willow green. You will get enough paint free to
cover 60 square feet thoroughly, two coats, enough
to trim ui> the interior woodwork of a big room
beautifully. Follow directions on can and in our
instruction book and anyone can do the job perfectly.
We make this wonderfully liberal offer of a quart of
finest paint and outfit free to get a quick actual trial
of our paint by everyone who owns a house or other
buildings. A trial will show how easy it is to apply
our paint, how anyone can do the job, how little
>aint is required, how little it costs, what a wonder-
ul improvement it makes in the appearance of any
building. We believe everyone who owns a building
or lias any use for paint will after trying the free
quart, semi us an order for the few gallons necessary
to make the buildings look like new. The free quart
will be a sample of our highest grade paint made in
our own factory, the best ready mixed paint made in
the world for finest inside finish or coarsest outside
work, sold under our binding guarantee as the best
paint made, will cover double the surface, last twice
as long as any other, never cracks, peels or blisters,
guaranteed for five years, will look better at the end
of five years than any other paint will after one year
at onc-half the cost of other paint. 50 cents per
gallon buys our Seroco weatherproof mineral barn,
roof and fence paint.

SEND US 25 CENTS KKtt

state which one of the six colors you want, and we
will send you a full quart can of that color, our high¬
est grade Seroco ready mixed house paint, a good
brush, the valuable instruction book “How to Paint,”
the complete 16-page book of color samples, all in¬
formation. bow to calculate the amount of paint re¬
quired to cover a given space, how to select harmon¬
izing colors, everything will be sent to you immed¬
iately by express prepaid, not another penny for you
to pay. You will get enough paint with material
free to do quite a job and paint information that you
ought to have. SEND 25 CENTS AT ONCE.
(Stamps accepted). Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

apply

book

I have u. limited number of prize-taking BARRED
PLYMOUTH ROCKS, $2 for Cockerels, $3.50 per pair.

E. E. WOODIN', Meelmnicsville, N. Y.

pOR SALE.— 75 Purebred Barred Plymouth Rock
Pullets. April hatched, and farm raised from
selected ttock layers, $1 each. Also few Cockerels left.
11. W. HEDGES. R. F. D,. Freehold, New York.

FOR SALE

iwi yu uut a. oi.yu, m. oiVDDHDl/

GUERNSEY BULL CALVES. MELVIN THOMAS,
R. F. D. No. 1, Wayville, Saratoga County. N. Y.

‘—FOX AND RABBIT HOUNDS.
Choice Pups now ready to ship
for $5 each. Also, PUREBRED

WHITE WYANDOTTE8 EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE.— Fine large COCKERELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N. Y.

“MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville. Albany Co., N. Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktowu. N. Y.

90

War’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BERGEY,Box8,Telford.Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York St ate Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old. $1 each. Cata-
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

FEED WHEAT and GET EGGS. Choice clean, red
wheat for Chickens and Pigeons. Write for prices.
WILLIS R. KNOX, 5 Newport Ave. Intercourse, Pa.

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Hot a Netting.

Send for our in¬
teresting booklet

D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Company,

114 Liberty Street j New York City.

Mills at New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. jOaklmid.Cal.

738

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 7,

Live Stockand Dairy

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES .
Udder Derangement in Cows.

Two of my herd several times this Sum¬
mer have given milk from one teat like cus¬
tard, and ill-smellin<r ; the other teats all
right. What is the trouble? mbs. h. b.

nolland, N. Y.

The condition in the udder may have
been brought about by a number of differ¬
ent causes, overfeeding or one-sided feed¬
ing ; that is, an unbalanced ration ; im¬
proper milking, where they are not milked
clean; injuries to the udder caused by
kicks, blows, hooking by other animals,
stepping on the udder, etc. Milk out the
quarter as clean as possible, and bathe
twice daily 10 to 20 minutes with water
as hot as can be borne; wipe dry and
hard, so that the animal will not take
cold. It is a good plan to rub in a little
vaseline after bathing. Try to find out
the cause, and use a preventive measure,
which in almost every case is much the
easier and better way.

Wheat or Middlings for Hogs.

If wheat Is selling at 76 cents per bushel
(of 60 pounds), and middlings $1.20 per
hundred, which is the cheaper to feed young
hogs? I chop my own wheat, cost, about
four cents. F. b. s.

Dover, Pa.

Wheat at 76 cents per bushel is about
$1.27 per 100 pounds; with four cents add¬
ed per bushel for grinding it would make
$1.33 per 100 pounds- Digestible nutrients
compare as follows :

Protein. Carbohydrates. Fat.

Wheat . 10.2 69.2 . 1.7

Middlings. . . . 12.8 53.0 3.4

You see that the latter contains more
protein and fat, but less carbohydates.
Protein is very much needed in the
growth of young animals, and at even
money I should prefer the middlings, but
since they stand $1.20 per 100 as against
$1.33 for the ground wheat, there is more
still in favor of the middlings. I have
never found any better feed for growing
pigs that keeps them thrifty and growing
without laying on fat better than mid¬
dlings. H. G. MANCHESTER.

of afterbirth. I find salt and wood ashes
an effective remedy for colic in horses.
Avoca, N. Y. m. a. h.

BUTTER FROM ONE COWS MILK.

How can I best get cream and churn it
from one cow (part Jersey) ? Instantane¬
ous separators are too expensive. Cream
raisers I have seen are too large ; same ap¬
plies to churns. Are small sizes made, and
what will best answer my purpose? I have
been thinking an ice cream freezer would
make a good creamer with tub filled with
water. Would the same answer for a churn
If it had a good dasher? w. d. l.

Lorane, Pa.

In the place of separators or creamers
you may use common milk pans, six or
eight quart size. After milking, strain
into pans and set in cellar, allowing cream
to rise without stirring or cooling by
water. The pans containing the morning’s
and evening’s milk may be skimmed by
means of a skimmer, while it is still
sweet, and held until the next day, ena¬
bling you to be on a routine whereby
you can churn every other day. If the
\ quantity of cream is rather small for a
churning it would be advisable for you to
add the remainder of the milk after the
last skimming to the churning. A com¬
mon dash-churn (about a five-gallon size)
would be the most desirable in this in¬
stance. An ice cream freezer would not
give good results used as a churn. A
wooden churn would be much preferable
over a metal freezer and would be more
adequate for rinsing and gathering the
butter. _ s. h. d.

Cow Care. — Two weeks before calving
I feed cows a fair ration of Winter wheat
bran, with a little salt and wood ashes
added, wetted with warm water. After
calving I give a liberal mash of bran, with
warm water to drink at frequent intervals
for two or three days. With this treat¬
ment there is no trouble from retention

Cake of Young Pullets. — We separate the j
males from the pullets when two months
old, and feed the pullets a mixed ration of
wheat, oats, bran, beef scraps and barley. The
morning feed consists of about equal parts
cornmeal, ground oats, bran and beef scraps,
mixed with skim-milk or water, just enough
to moisten the feed. At night we feed wheat
or barley, but usually wheat, unless the bin
of wheat is low and barley more plentiful.
Our pullets have a range of several acres of
orchard cultivated and fenced; this gives
them plenty of exercise, and keeps them
healthy, besides giving them opportunity to
hunt for part of their feed. This method
gives us layers at about six months of age
if fed quite liberally. The orchard furnishes
shade for hot days, and the pullets roost in
colony houses scattered about in the orchard.
We keep plenty of fresh water before them,
and basins of grit and oyster shell where
they can help themselves, but they seem to
find what they need in this line by digging in
the cultivated soil of the orchard. Enough
grass and weeds grow about the trees to
furnish green food, and the pullets eat a
good many apples as they fall from the trees.
The pullets are put into Winter quarters
about November 1, and they begin laying
about that time. c. H. zimmkr.

New York.

Cattle and Thistles. — I had a lot that
was overrun with thistles in spots. 1 tried
plowing and digging them out, tried to culti¬
vate them out by sowing oats, rye and corn, but
they kept on growing, and kept on spreading,
as the plow and harrow would carry the
roots from one end of the lot to the other.
So I stopped cropping the land, and turned it
into pasture. Every time I salted the cattle,

I would put it on the thistle, just enough for
them to lick the thistle and eat it. They
would do it. There would be nothing there
but the stub of the thistle, and it would check
it. But it would appear again after awhile,
then give it another dose. They should be
cut as low as possible, and the salt applied
to the new shoots as they appear. By so do¬
ing, 1 completely destroyed them. I also had a
four-acre lot that was overrun with live-for¬
ever. I turned it into pasture, and now. not
a vestige of it can be seen. In the adjoining
lot which lias been cultivated and mowed for
years, it thrives and grows as rampant as
ever. The cattle did the work. s. w. b.

Middletown, N. Y.

A DOG ON GOOD SCALE

Guaranteed 10 years. Accurate, durante, no
digging, little grading, easily moved.

Knodig Pitless Scales

cost *30 to *50 leas than the old style pit scales.
Po your own weighing. It soon pays tor a
Knodig. Write for a free catalogue.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

2103 Wyandotte St. Kansas City, Mo.

DEHORNING STOPS LOSS

Cattle with horns are dangerous
and a constant menace to persons
and other cattle. Dehorn them
quickly and with slight pain with a

KEYSTONE DEHORNER

All over in 2 minutes. Not a harsh
method. Leaves a clear, clean cut.
Cows give more milk; steers make
better beef. Send for free booklet.

M. T. Phillips, Box 18. Pomeroy, Pa.

DR. DAVID
I Roberts

CATTLE
| SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home,
itr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 Grand Ave.,Waukesha,Wls.

SILOS

HARNESS MAIL

Direct from the factory.
Selected stock, oak-tanned,
custom-made. All styles.
Guaranteed to give satisfac¬
tion, or return goods at our
expense and get your money
hack. Illustrated catalogue
F and nrice-list FREE.
The KING HARNESS CO.
6 Lake St.,

Owefo, Co., ?f. Y,

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply am.
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPAVI3XT CURE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

C.(M) per bottle With written gtiaran ee.
\J Send for copy, also booklet and sri.reit ol
letters on every kind of case and lamer .as. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid .
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

ACCIDENTS

will happen. The colts will get
hurt. Any Soft Inflamed Bunch
can be removed in a pleasing
manner with

ABS0RBINE

No blister. No hair gone.
Comfort for the horse. Profit
for you. $2.00 per bottle de¬
livered. Book 4- 15 free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for man¬
kind, $1.00 Bottle. Removes the
black and blue from a bruise
at once. Stop Toothache, Re¬
duce Swellings. Genuine manu¬
factured only by

W, F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers' clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

THIS TRADE MARK

on a package guarantees to the public that It Is
genuine. Beware of imitations. Substitutes yield
the dealer more profit, but cost you the same.

Bickmore'

Gall Cure

isthequickeat,
aureat and beat
cure known for
Harncaa, Col- y
lur and Saddle
Gnlla, Scratches, ^

Greaac Heel, ft
Speed Cracka, _ _

just as good for &URE AND WBrkThE IjORSE'

Chopped, 1 orn — - - - ■

or Cracked Teats on cows. Sold by all dealers
and guaranteed by us. Sample mailed for 10 cents.
Get It now and have It ready when you need It.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO., Bix 519 , Old Town, Me.

Tuttle’s Elixir

cures nearly all common horse
ailments. When we say cure,
and it fails, $100. reward. Never
claimed yet. Get free "Veteri¬
nary Experience.” 100 pages-
Makes you master of horse ail¬
ments and diseases. Write for copy.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co.,

30 Beverly St.. Boston, Maes

A Lady can hold him, Irof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant 11111,

Breeders’ Directory

”of the BEERY BIT
TOUR OITS IN ONC

Cures Kickers, Dunaways, Pullers,
Shyers, cle. Send for Bit on Ten
Days’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
- * - “ - - - - Ohio.

Heals scratches, cuts, burns
Pratts Vet. Healing Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

SUMMER’S WORM POWDERS

For „

Sheep, Horses & Hogs

Fed to millions of animals
every year. Powders never
fail to remove worms and
prevent further attack*.
In popular use 25 years.
Price fi lb. Pck. BO cents. 7 lb. Pck. • *

Send for FREE catalogue of Stockmen’s Supplies.

CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 72 Beaver St., New York

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SHSS

hoe. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

Reg. P. Chinas, Bcrlishires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, muted not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.

»*«. _ Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton & Co.. Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

I I ARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES-

L Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS.

K. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed Juno 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1003. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H . Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
arc all for sale— mid are champion material-also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

j. K. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

FOR SALE

MALE AXu FE-
_ MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

CHOICE ANGORA GOATS

for Breeding. In lots to suit. Bucks and Does not
related. WOODS FARM, Bath, N. H.

EGISTERED ANGOItA GOATS.-Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.

R

Write fo • prices and information.
MELROSE STOCiv FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
[Collie Dogs and a variety of
i Poultry. Come see my
'stock and make your own

„ . . selections. Send 2c. stamp

Fancy ol Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price,
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pa.

OAKLAND FARM HERD

- n - I COWS

FOR I bred to

C lie I Young

SALE Buns

v Sired by

“PAUL BEETS DeKOL”

("Canary’s Mercedes’ Son,

- DeKol Hengerveld Burke,
(.Soldene Cloth ilde Artis.

T. A. MITCHELL, YVEEDSPOKT, N. Y.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Kavenna, Ohio.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who has 47 A.
R, O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.
iar Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y,

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production. Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them, Do to select from. Animals of both 6exes
ai-d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshauic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Frieslans.

WOODGREST FARM, Rilton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE STEVENS HERD

Offers young COWS and HEIFERS bred to De Kol
2d’s Butter Boy 3d, or Beryl Wayne s Paul De Kol,

Two of the Best HOLSTEIN BULLS Living,

or to the great Imported Bull Karki, whose dam and
dam’s dam have the largest records of any cows in

HYOCNG STOCK of both sexes. Their breeding and
individuality will please you. Write or visit us.

HENRY STEVENS & SON.
Itrookslde Stock Farm, Lacona, X.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

“The Farmer’s Full Dinner Pail.”

A story of how 1 paid the mortgages on my farms,
and stocked them with Registered Holstein cattle.
Booklets and circulars sent free on application.;

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin: Aug. and Sept, farrow.

Registered stock: prices low. .. v

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pliarsalia, X. Y.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be bad at a reasonable price, write us

E, H. KNAPP * SON, ■ FABIUS, N, Y,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

739

QUESTIONS ABOUT WIRE FENCING.

We are much interested in an investi¬
gation which is being conducted by the
Department of Agriculture into the causes
of the rapid rusting and corrosion of iron
and steel wire fencing. We believe that
this is a matter of very great importance
and that great benefit will come from this
investigation. We have been asked to
aid in the collection of information by re¬
questing our readers to answer the follow¬
ing questions. We sincerely hope that
those of our readers who have not lately
paid attention to the condition of their
wire will take the time necessary to in¬
spect it and send in their answers as
soon as possible.

1. How many years on the average do

your wire fences last before they begin to

rust through and break up?

2. IIow many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest city or town where

any considerable amount of coal is burned?

3. How many miles are your fences dis¬
tant from the nearest salt water?

4. Have you noticed that the bottom wires
that are often enclosed in grass or w'eeds
last better than the upper wires which hang
free ?

5. Have you noticed that where wire is
stapled to a living tree, it seems in some way
to have been preserved near the point of con¬
tact W'ith the tree?

0. Have you noticed any difference, how¬
ever slight, in the way wire lasts near to the
posts to which it is stapled compared with
the way it lasts midway between the posts
where it hangs free?

7. Have you noticed that after all the gal¬
vanized covering has disappeared some wires
will last much longer than others?

8. TTave you noticed any difference in the
lasting quality of barbed wire as compared
wdth plain wire or woven wire fencing?

9. ’ In the case of woven wire fences do you
find that some wires last much better than
others or do they begin to fail all about the
same time?

SILAGE AND ALFALFA FOR SHEEP.

Have you ever had any experience in feed¬
ing sheep on corn silage with Alfalfa or
clover hay, or soiling sheep kept in a small
lot? If so will you let us know how such a
plan works? We have readers who for one
reason and another do not want to run sheep
at pasture, especially when crops are grow¬
ing. Do you think such a plan would suc¬
ceed ?

We have had experience in feeding
corn silage to ewes, but it has not been
very favorable, especially when used for
ewes suckling lambs. As to whether
sheep could be profitably kept under the
soiling system or not, we have no experi¬
ence. I see no reason why the large
breeds might not be successfully kept in
this way, but the sheep is pre-eminently
an animal fitted to utilize rough and
scanty pasture. h. h. wing.

Cornell University.

I have never had experience in feeding
silage to sheep, and doubt very 1 much
their being induced to eat it. I have had
some success in soiling them by confining
in a small inclosure, and they did well.
But, their quarters must be kept scrupu¬
lously clean or they will contract foot rot.
They must have a variety of food, and
free access to salt and pure water. If the
inclosure is small the sheep should be
turned out each morning for an hour or
two for exercise, and should occasionally
have access to brush and coarse weeds.
It should be borne in mind, however,
that sheep do best where they have free
range and are more impatient of restraint
than other animals. The shepherd has
led his flocks to the hills, into the valleys
and the “green pastures by the still
waters” from time immemorial. In small
inclosures clover hay, bright oat straw,
sweet corn fodder, young sorghum, Al¬
falfa, rape and turnip tops are all good,
and as much variety should be given as
possible. Alfalfa and rape should be fed
carefully until they become used to it.
Alfalfa is almost equal to grain. b.

Clay Co., Ind.

I have had some experience in feeding
corn silage to sheep. They seem to rel¬
ish it when carefully fed in clean troughs,
but they will not eat any of the stalk of
the corn to speak of, and none of the cob.
So if I were to attempt again to feed
silage to sheep, I should grow the corn
especially for that purpose. I should
grow it quite thick in order to get
as much leaf and as fine a stalk
as possible. If it were shredded in¬
stead of cut they might eat more of it.
The plan you speak of in regard to soil¬

ing them through the Summer might be
all right, feeding the silage until the Al¬
falfa was ready. One must remember,
however, that sheep have dainty mouths,
and are the most natural grazers of all
the animals. If many were kept in a
small enclosure they would soon have the
place foul, and would have to be moved
to new quarters. I doubt whether they
would relish the silage after warm
weather set in, but they ought to do well
on fresh cut or nicely cured Alfalfa. But
the whole question hinges on the man
who has the care of them, and I do not
think anyone should attempt a plan of
this kind who is not a natural shepherd.

Seneca Co., N. Y. w. a. bassett.

My experience in feeding silage and
clover hay to sheep for fattening pur¬
poses has been attended with good suc¬
cess, but have never fed Alfalfa to any
great extent. In regard to feeding the
above for soiling purposes to sheep in
well-shaded and airy enclosures I know
of no reasons why it would not prove
successful, but that is an experiment or
new departure in farming that is yet to
be tested, at least in this locality.

Genesee Co., N. Y. irving d. cook.

LIMBER NECK IN POULTRY.

I have had one case In the last few weeks.
The hen had been sick for three weeks with
her neck twisted all out of shape ; when she
would move fast she would fall over. I
bought live cents' worth of asafoetida, made
pellets the size of ordinary pills, and gave
as instructed, the first that night, and I
could see a change in the morning. By t lie
next morning the hen's neck was straight as
sb usually carries it. ja.mks o. tayi.ok.

On page 690 I find the question, and also
the answer, “What to do for chickens with
limber neck?" I have had some experience
this Fall with my Hock being handled that
way, and I find four or five drops of tur¬
pentine on a small piece of bread given
three times a day will effect a cure in two oi
three days; also two ounces of sulphur to
one pound of vaseline; give them a piece
as large as a liickorynut twice a day and it
will be beneficial. The birds must be placed
where they cannot get anything to eat until
the neck straightens, and also be fed very
lightly for a number of days. 1 have had
such fine results from this remedy that I
would be glad to have others try it.

Pennsylvania. w. a. mosher.

>• hen you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Learn This!

Height

ONLY

60 inches.

If you do not own a cream
separator decide to-day to
get one, but buy a

NATIONAL

I t‘s the most perfect separator
made. Cleanest skiuimiug,
easiest to clean, and easy to
buy. Sold on easy payments
or at a special price for cash.
Write to day for Book No. 60.

The Hastings Industrial Co.

General Sales Agents,

La Salle A Lake Sts. , Chicago.
Manufactured by
National Dairy machine Co.
Newark, N. J.

LOW

PRICE

MILL

Why pay
double? No mill
madedoes faster
or better grind¬
ing than the

NEW

HOLLAND

You be the jsdge. Try it free, Grinds ear
corn and all grain fine or coarse as wanted.
Our fast cutting Wood Saw is the best made
Write for Jree Catalogs.

New Holland Machine Co., Box 115 New Holland. Pa.

An Honest Man Will Hear Watching. A Dis¬
honest One Needs It.

And tills can only be done where transactions are by
weight, by having within your own control a correct
weighing machine, usually called a Scale, but it isn’t
evory scale that will answer your purpose. It must
l>o of established reputation and known to be accu¬
rate. so that you can safely say, “ I know my weight
is right, for l weighed it on a JONES Scale." If
your transactions are by load, you need a Wagon
Scale. Five ton is the most popular size, with a
platform 14 feet long and of sufficient width, say eight
feet, which will usually clear all loads, and this size
is sufficient for a stock rack, which can be used with
out removal from the platform. One of these can be
bought, delivered at your home, freight paid for
to be paid for when satisfied. Address,

JONES OF BINGHAMTON
Box 331B. BINGHAMTON. N. Y.

Pratts Cow Tonic
Sure, safe, speedy.

Made by Pratt Food Co., PbiU< Pvcr 30 yearn old,

CHEAP SEPARATORS.

It is universally recognized that in point of good¬
ness DE LAVAL Separators stand alone. Hence the
claim of imitating machines to cheapness.

There is nothing else perhaps in which “cheap”
means as much as in Cream Separators.

The really “cheap” machine is not that which
costs least, but that which gives the most capacity,
recovers all the butterfat, produces the best cream,
runs easiest, and will last longest.

These are the qualities which represent recognized
goodness in the DE LAVAL, and in any and all of which
no other Separator is comparable.

Most “cheap” Separators are in a class with rhine¬
stones, “dollar” watches, and other trashy imitations
of the real thing. But worse than all that, they
WASTE butter-fat every time they are used, and so
would be dear as a gift.

The genuinely cheap separator is the GOOD sepa¬
rator, which soon SAVES instead of LOSES its cost J
and may be bought on such easy terms as to actually
PAY FOR ITSELF during the first year of use, and
then be good for another twenty years more of
clear profit.

Facts, figures and reasons, to be had for the asking.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph 6 1 Canal Sts..

CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

- PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 mcDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

TUBULAR-or“Back Breaker?”

When you see the waist low Tubular you can’t be driven into buying a
back-breaking, “bucket bowl” separator. Can and crank are just the
right height on the Tubular. Here is the largest Dairy Tubular along
side four “back breakers.” The girl with her hand on the Tubular is 5
feet, 4 inches tall. This is an exact reproduction from a photograph.
Which kind for you? Makers of “back breakers” try to get their cans
low by setting the cranks low. High cans break your back backward —
low cranks break it forward. Unless you are a double jointed giant,
you’ll find a high can is no joke. To show you how high these “back
breaker” cans really are, when the machines are set high enough to turn
easily, we raised these “back breakers” ’til their crank axles were level
with the Tubular crank axle. “Back breaker” makers don’t like this
picture — it’s too true. They try to squirm out of it. You wouldn’t like
turning cranks as low as “back breaker'* makers put them.

The low can is only one of many advantages Dairy Tubulars have over all others.
Dairy Tubular bowls are simple— “back breakers” are complicated. Tubulars are
self-oiling— no oil holes to till up. “Back breakers” are oil drippers and oil wasters.
To learn a lot more about Tubulars, write today for catalog N- 153

The

Sharpies Separator
Company
West Chester, Pa.

n

A* Cl

THE

TUBULAR

BACK

QRIAhCR

4#

Chicago, III.
Toronto, Can.

W*

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand. Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Frio.

No More Blind Horses fcfcMSLWS

sore eyes, BARRY CO,,lowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

Ask about.
Combined
Construc¬
tion of

RED

CEDAR

KALAMAZOO

TANK & SILO CO.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

A Leffel Engine

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam Is the
only dependable power.

Leffel Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon¬
tal, Upright, Portable.

Famous for quick
steaming on little fuel.

Power when wanted,
all you want. Be¬
fore you buy a
power read
book, Power
omy and E f f I c I
ency. Mailed iree,

Write for lL

The dames
Leffel £ Co.,

Box 160,

Springfield, Ohio.

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AN EQUAL!

Built bv the oldest concern making MANURE
SPREADERS in this country. Twenty-eight
years of experience behind it.

Is built to stand hard knocks.

Spreads every kind of barnyard manure.

Leads all others in improvements

Built ia different sizes, to meet all demands.

Bet us send you our booklet, “A Savings Bank
on Wheels.” free to everybody.

THE; RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO,
Worcester, Massachusetts,

74o.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 7, lyd.j.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 perceutcommisslou

to get orders lor our celebrated Tens,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents aud Coupons
with every purchase. CHAKGESPaIO
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO ,

P. O. Box 369, 31-88 VeseySt.,New York

Saw Mills

^ From 4 h.p. size to largest made. Favor¬
ites in every lumber district, because high¬
est grade. Edgers, Trimmers, Planers. Wood
Saws, Shingle aud Lath Mills, etc. Catalog free.

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.,

610 Engineering Bldg., New York.

rat©*

You
can pul-
verize
more thor¬
oughly and
spread more
evenly with the

Standard
Manure Spreader

because it has a different Peat¬
ery different Rake aud Hood-
load not thrown high iu air and
blown about. Spreads lull width
and does not vary in width.

Endgafe Moves Away From Load.

One lever raises endgate ami puts en¬
tire machine in operation. .Non break¬
able mechanism to change teed.

Spreads 5 to 35 Loads per Acre.

Two apron chains. Write for
catalog describing simplicity
and strength.

THE STANDARD HARROW CO.,

Dept. K. Utica, N. Y.

jVaksre of Harrow *, Cultiva¬
tor*, Potato Harvester*,

J£t«.

<t

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wo
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

The WAGON to BUY.

structed. Saves labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS Notts':

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

YOU NEED THIS

PRACTICAL GRINDER

Sharpens knives, axes, scissors, scythes, sickles,

chisels, and all
edged tools in one-
tenth the time and
much better than a
grindstone. Grind¬
ing wheel 4 inches
in diameter with 1
inch face, made of
carborundum— the
hardest aud fastest
cutting abra s i v e
known. Grinds
without burning
and will not draw
temper. The Prac¬
tical turns easily
aud cannot get out
of order. Clamped
to a table or bench
and ready for use
in a minute. Saves
its cost many times
yearly. Send for
circular. A few
good ageuts

ROYAL MANUFACTURING CO..
826 E. Walnut St., Lancaster, Fa.

wanted.

Our Time
Selling Plan
Ma* as the

cs

Q

o

Ai 3rican

Mliure

Spreader

for

f

Before
You Pay Us

Let Us Loan You a Spreader for a
Month as a Free Test*

That’s What Our Full Month Approval Test Amounts To

O'

VER here in Detroit we are the largest
manufacturers of the best Manure
Spreaders in all the world.

We make in our factory an American Spreader
of just the right style and capacity for your
requirements.

We want to do this:

We want to ship it to you direct from our
factory, paying all freight charges.

We want you to take it home and use it on
your farm for a full month trom the time you
take it from your depot.

We don’t want you to pay us a penny for the
use of the Spreader.

We don’t ask you to agree to keep ft.

We don’t expect you to make an advance pay¬
ment of any kind.

The month’s trial is merely an approval test
for you to prove to your own satisfaction the
merits of the Spreader.

It just amounts to a loan of the Spreader
for a full month without expense to you. Be-
cause you can send it back to us and we will
1 pay all freight charges both ways If the spreader

p 3 V lljr is not everything we claim for It.

“ If at the end of the loan period you find the

spreader is in every detail just as we represent
m . | a ft to be and does the work we claim it will then

I Am a| V pay tor it on time to suit your convenience.

I I NHI I These time terms permit you to have the

Spreader long enough before you pay us to
enable it to pay for itselt out of the profits it
earns you.

If you do not have a Manure Spreader on
your farm, you are losing enough on ttie value
of your manure crop, and in valuable time
wasted taking care of it in the old-fashioned
way. to easily pay for an American Spreader in
less than a season’s time.

Now, our 30-day loan and time payment
propositions must appeal to you as being very
liberal.

If we did not have every confidence in our
American Spreader pleasing you, we certainly
would not be willing to make these liberal oilers.

You see it is this way:

We sell the American Manure Spreader on time to the user direct from our factory.

Xu buying a Spreader direct from the factory, you get in close touch with the people
who actually manutacture the Spreader, thereby enabling you to get the best attention
in every detail.

To have our Spreaders give each customer absolute satisfaction is of vital impor¬
tance to us, and in dealing direct with our customers we are able to give them better
service than by dealing in a roundabout way through a dealer or Agent.

We are the largest manufacturers of Manure Spreaders in the country.

There are more American Manure Spreaders being sold today than of any
other kind.

There is a reason for this:

In our 25 years of experience in manufactur¬
ing Agricultural Implements we have learned
that the best Is always the cheapest, and that
an implement that gives satisfaction must be
practical and built right in the beginning. We
have never sacrificed quality for price

In every line of machinery there has to be one
best make.

In Manure Spreaders the American is best.
They are constructed along more practical lines,
easier to handle and operate than any other
Spreader. If you try an American for a month
you will write us as hundreds of other farmers
have done. ”1 can’t see how I ever got along
without an American Spreader.”

We sell American Manure Spreaders on a
plan which enables you to test their merits on
your own farm, which is the only practical way.

Just a word about the value of your manure
crop.

If you own 160 acres of .ground and have the
average number of head -of live stock, a very
fair estimate of the value of your manure is
S400.00 annually. If you will tell us how many
head of Horses. Cattle, Sheep and Hogs you
own we will tell you what Government statistics
show the manure to be worth annually. The
figures will surprise you.

Handling this fertilizer in the old-fashioned
way with a fork is losing money for you hand
over fist every year.

In the first place, you lose about half of the
value of your manure, and in the second place
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Vol. LXIV. No. 2907 NEW YORK, OCTOBER 14. 1905. weekly, $i.oo per year.

APPLE SCIONS FROM BEARING TREES.

Influence of the Stock.

Is there any merit in the plan of selecting scions from
bearing trees for top-working purposes, and does this apply
to tardy bearers, like Spy particularly, to secure early
bearing? Will an early bearing stock like McMahon
(Russian) used for top-working (to Baldwin, King or Sutton)
produce fruit sooner than a tardy bearing stock like Spy
used for same purpose? If the answers to these questions
are affirmative, why would not McMahon be the best possible
stock for top-working to Spy, in order to make Spy an
earlier bearer? What are McMahon defects as a stock for
top-working? reader.

Mr. Powell's Remarkable Results.

The influence of stock upon scion has long been under
discussion, but investigation has not been carried far
enough yet to give positive information on the subject.
Experiments are in progress that in a short time will
give more definite knowledge. After 15 years’ experience
in top-working fruit trees, I feel that there are advan¬
tages in it. There are two principles to be kept in mind
in propagating trees, the vegetative and the productive.
We have selected our buds and scions
from bearing or productive trees. The
Greening requires from seven to eight
years to produce its first fruits. We have
at the present time a block of these show¬
ing apples freely in three years by top¬
working, and the same results are ob¬
tained with other varieties. As to the
effect of an early bearing stock upon a
bud or scion in comparison with one that
is slow or late, like Greening and Spy,

1 doubt if there would be much difference,
as we have used both. In budding or
grafting the effect of cutting off the top
of the tree checks for a time its root de¬
velopment, making it, in fact, a dwarf,
and would be the same on an early or
late-bearing stock. There may be an ef¬
fect on the maturing of varieties on early
or late varieties in the stock. We have a
block of Twenty Ounce top-worked on the
Early Harvest, an early Summer variety.

We ship these to Europe nearly a month
earlier than those grown upon other
stocks. There is so much difference in
locality and in the soil in the same local¬
ity that it is difficult to give positive in¬
formation, for so many different factors
enter into the case. As this is work that
calls for careful investigation and study,
it comes within the province of our ex¬
periment station^ to bring out the real
facts. Having nearly one hundred acres of top-worked
trees in all stages of development I feel that there is
practical value in the principle. c.eorge t. powell.

Some Merit In It.

1 believe there is some merit in selecting scions from
bearing trees either for top-working or for nursery
propagation. This applies to all varieties, including
Spy. Theoretically an early-bearing stock like Mc-
> Mahon could bring a variety grafted on it into bear¬
ing sooner than a tardy stock. I do not think there has
ever been any practical demonstration of this point.
McMahon is an excellent stock for top-working to Spy.
Perhaps it is the best stock there is. Duchess and
Hibernal are excellent stocks for top-working, but Spy
would probably overgrow on them. f. a. waugh.

Limited Results in Rhode Island.

We have a few trees planted in 1900, a part of which
were top-worked the following year, and a part of
which were allowed to grow as ordered from the nurs¬
ery. Several Rhode Island Greening trees which were
top-worked on Northern Spy are bearing a few apples
this year. Only one of the trees which were Rhode

Island Greening as obtained from the nursery arc bear¬
ing. Scions were taken from each of these planted
trees the following year and grafted into the Northern
Spy tree adjacent. The tree which bears most fruit this
year is one of those so grafted, but the tree from which
it came has not fruited. Of course this experience is
too limited to answer the question, but it seems to indi¬
cate that in this case at least no time has been lost
by planting Northern Spy and top-working it the fol¬
lowing year instead of planting the variety wanted in
the first place. Whether the use of an early-bearing
stock will hasten the fruiting of tardy-bearing varie¬
ties like the Spy, I do not know. We have endeavored
to answer several such questions by experiment, but not
this one. So far we do not observe any marked influ¬
ence of the stock upon the scion in reference to date of
bloom or color of fruit, but of course no argument can
be drawn from that regarding this problem. I hope some
one has had experience which will throw light upon it.
It is a question that may only be settled by practical
work, aided by commercial orchardists. F. w. card.

A Decided Advantage in Selection.

I think there is a decided advantage in selecting
scions from bearing trees for top-working. I have had
no experience with McMahon as a stock. The phenom¬
enal success of George T. Powell in securing early-
bearing of Spy top-worked on Spy, would indicate that
if there is a satisfactory union the character of the
fruit borne by the stock may not be an indication of
the effect of said stock upon the earliness of the scion.
The first question is being answered by specific experi¬
ments at the Maine Experiment Station at the present
time. The results will be reported in due season.

w. M. MUNSON.

McMahon is Very Promising.

“Is there any merit in the plan of selecting scions
from bearing trees for top-working purposes, and does
this apply to tardy bearers like the Spy particularly to
secure early bearing?” I think so, but it is a difficult
matter to prove. I would select scions from trees pro¬
ducing the most desirable type of fruit. The grafting
alone would hasten the time of fruiting and twice-
worked trees would bear sooner than those worked but
onee. An early-bearing stock like McMahon used for

top-working will produce fruit sooner than a tardy¬
bearing stock like the Spy, but with small stock the
trees will grow more slowly than with a stock of more
vigor. The last question can only be settled by ex¬
periment. The McMahon certainly promises to be a
valuable stock for top-working, but some varieties do
not take well upon Russian stocks, and it would not be
safe to risk large numbers of trees worked upon this
stock until it can be determined whether a variety will
be permanently successful upon it. s. G. maynard.

Massachusetts.

Very Largely Theory.

So far as I know, it has never been proved that scions
from bearing trees are better than those from the
nursery. There is a theory to that effect. In all of my
own work I never saw a particle of evidence in its
favor. In practice I use scions from young-bearing
trees, when convenient, more to insure correctness of
variety than for any other reason, but I use scions
from nursery trees every year. As to a tardy-bearing
stock having any effect in delaying bear¬
ing of new top, I would not give it a sec¬
ond thought. I have no faith in it. I
have used Spy stock very often. I have
Jonathan top-worked on four-year Spy,
some of which had apples the second sea¬
son, and nearly all the third. I do not
think any other stock could have im¬
proved on that. As to McMahon, I know
of no reason for or against its use as a
stock. It is not, however, any earlier
bearer than several others that could be
named. There is a great deal advanced
on the relative influence of stock and
scion with very little absolute proof be¬
hind it. It takes so much time that very
few care to undertake it. from five to
eight years being necessary to produce re¬
sults. A. G. GULLEY.

Connecticut.

LOCUST TREES ON HILLSIDE.

On a farm in Westmoreland County,
Pa., eight years ago this Fall, the seed
from a row of locust trees, which had
been planted along a fence about 30
years previous, was scattered by the wind
over about two acres of one of the fields,
containing five acres. The field is almost
a perfect rectangle, and extends from a
valley to the top of a high hill. The
lower part of it is very good soil and easily
worked, but the upper part is very steep and
rocks outcrop in several places. The seed, for the
most part, was scattered over the latter portion of it.
The field was sown in rye that Fall, so that the seed
easily became imbedded in the earth. As if by magic
a luxuriant growth of young locusts sprung up. After
the rye was cut the field was used as a pasture, and
for two years very little attention was paid to the
young trees. The third year, however, the owner deter¬
mined again to plow the field, but he had not proceeded
very far until he discovered that this course would be
impossible without first grubbing the trees, so firmly
had they become established. His first impulse was
to proceed with the grubbing, but after giving the mat¬
ter some thought, with the appreciation that locust tim¬
ber is very scarce in that section, he decided to allow
the trees to remain, and cease cultivation of that
portion of the field, with the confidence that in 15 or
20 years timber could be cut that would mean many
times equal the profits to be derived from the land in
any other way. There are between 750 and 800 trees
in the grove, the largest of which are five inches in
diameter and 25 feet in height. m. g. s.

STRAWBERRIES AND CELERY MARKETED TOGETHER. Fig. 314.

See Page 745.

742

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 14,

WATER SUPPLY FOR THE FARM.

Will you give me some advice about a well which I had
drilled on a hill as iu Fig. 315? 1 want to syphon the water,
if possible, to the house. If this cannot be done will you
suggest the cheapest and best way to get the water to the
buildings? I have a spring at the foot of the hill where I
have it piped to the buildings but in a dry season it fails.
When driest the water in the well is 67 feet deep, but is
now 82 feet when it is wet, the well being 113 feeet deep.

Pennsylvania. J. n. o.

It is not possible, from the information given, to
know what the geological structure is where the well
is located. I have made a rough diagram, correspond¬
ing in a general way with the sketch enclosed by him,
and have assumed that the hill which is represented is
a uniform sandstone, which is open and water-bearing,
or a sand and gravel formation into which the water
readily sinks. If the geological structure is anything
corresponding to these conditions, and the water stands
in the well permanently between the levels of 67 and
82 feet above the bottom, and if the spring, which I
have supposed to be located where marked in the dia¬
gram, flows nearly all of the time, it would be reason¬
able to suppose that the ground water level between
the well and the spring may flucuatc between the lines
so marked in the diagram. With the level of the water
in the well on the hill ranging from 31 to 46 feet below
the surface there is no possibility of syphoning the
water over the top of the well, as the syphon will not
work continuously through a height much greater than
nine feet; it is probably also out of the question either
to dig or tunnel from the brow of the hill to the well
at such a level as would permit a syphon to be used.
There seems no alternative, if the water in this well is
to be used, except to put in some pumping arrangement.
With the elevation of the well there is probably a
good wind exposure, and a reservoir cistern could read¬
ily be constructed below’ frost near the well, where the
water could be stored and allowed to w’aste back into
the well when full. This arrangement would require
conveying the w'ater 400 feet through a pipe, which
would be quite expensive when the necessary digging to
place the pipe below frost line is taken into consider¬
ation wdth the cost of the pipe itself.

If the structure of the hill is such as we have sup¬
posed, and the contour is as outlined, it would be very
much cheaper either to tunnel into the hill or to dig
a well far enough down the side of the hill so that
the w’ater in the well could have been syphoned out of
it, as your correspondent evidently contemplated doing.
In view of the utilization of the water from the spring,
w’hich is capable of supplying w-ater part of the year,
it is worthy of investigation to see whether it is not
feasible to increase the capacity of the spring itself un¬
til it will meet the needs. 1 f the w’ater coming from
the spring has its source in the body of ground water
which the well penetrates, it* is not improbable that the
digging of a well three to four feet in diameter, 10 or
12 feet deep, might increase the capacity and perma¬
nency of the spring so as to make it sufficient. If deep¬
ening it in this way does not accomplish the purpose
then digging a ditch nearly horizontally into the hill
15 or 20 feet back from the spring, or as far as this
could be done economically, should increase the capacity
of the spring, provided the ground w’ater surface rises
rapidly backward from the spring, as is suggested by
the level of the water in the well, and indicated by the
line in the diagram marked ‘‘ground water surface in
dry season.”

To ascertain whether the conditions indicated in the
diagram really exist, and whether it w'ould be feasi¬
ble to increase the capacity of the spring as has been
suggested, it would be necessary, or desirable, to ex¬
plore for water in the direction indicated. If the ma¬
terial is loose and of the nature of soil or sand, this
could be most readily done with the aid of an auger
provided with an extension handle. An ordinary wood
auger, cutting a l1/ or two-inch hole, will answer this
purpose if the ground is not too stony or gravelly. If
it is found in this way that a supply of water is possi¬
ble, which would drain directly out of the ground, then
after the trench had been dug ordinary tile could be
laid in the bottom of it leading to the spring reservoir
and the trench filled in. If too much digging is re¬
quired to reach the distance at which water will flow
out directly, and the exploration indicates that a dis¬
tance of 20 or 30 feet more would realize the condi¬
tions, it w’ould not be impracticable to drive a perfor¬
ated pipe into the hill beyond the end of the ditch, pro¬
vided the material is not rock or very stony. A piece
of tw’O-inch pipe perforated with one-eighth-inch holes,
w'hich could be done with a nail-bit at the shop, could
be driven back quite readily at least the full length of
such a piece of pipe. It is quite possible that even a
smaller pipe — say an inch and a quarter — would answer,
and the working of it back would be facilitated by pro¬
viding it with a shoe, causing it to cut a hole a little
larger than the outside of the pipe, reducing the fric¬
tion on the outer wall of the pipe thereby as much as
possible. It would, of course, be necessary to remove
the dirt from the interior of the pipe as it is driven

forward, but this could be readily done with a long,
narrow scoop attached to the end of a slender rod like
the steel piston rod of an ordinary pump.

If it is not practicable to reach the water in this way,
so that it shall flow out directly, it may be possible,
after digging horizontally as far as practicable* to sink
a well at this point and reach a sufficient supply of
water at such a level that a pipe may be laid in it so as
to syphon the water out. If, however, the well has

been drilled into hard or fissured rock instead of such
a material as supposed, the suggestions made will not
be likely to be applicable. So, too. if the spring which
has been used gets its supply of water from some other
higher ground than supposed; or. if the water comes
from a deep fissure which leads from more distant sup¬
ply, then even deepening the spring would not be likely
to affect its capacity in any material way.

_ F. H. KING.

“ THIS WORM HAS FEATHERS.”

Under this heading the daily papers have printed the
following note :

ASHEVILLE, X. C., Sept. 19; — A feathered worm has
made its appearance in different parts of the State, and a
number of people have been made very ill by its bite. The
Insect is not unlike a white earth worm, but has a covering
of brown down, similar to that of a young bird. Its bite
is so poisonous that iti a few seconds after receiving the
wound the victim swells enormously and displays symptoms
not unlike those of snake bite. The worm feeds on maple
trees and rose hushes. Its presence on the latter accounts
for the number of women victims. No one is able to classify
the insect. Several specimens are being prepared for ship¬
ment to Washington for examination to establish its identity.

The following good guess about this creature is made
by Prof. Slingerland

“This doubtless refers to a caterpillar, which is ‘first
cousin, to the ones pictured. The picture, Fig. 316,
represents the caterpillars of the Crinkled flannel-moth,
scientifically known as Lagoa crispata. The more com¬
mon species in the South, and the one doubtless referred
to in the clipping, is Lagoa opercularis. Nearly every

CATERPILLAR OF CRINKLED FLANNEL MOTH. Fig. 316.

year I receive accounts of people being serioush in¬
jured by these harmless, downy-looking, pussy-like cat¬
erpillars. They do not bite, but underneath the downy -
like, hairy covering there are many short, sharp bristles
or spines, which are easily detached, so that when per¬
sons touch or handle the creatures some of the spines
often work into the skin and act something like a bee
sting. I doubt if there are any authentic records of
people having been killed by them, but sometimes the
arm swells nearly full. It is astonishing what tales the
newspaper reporters concoct regarding strange insects,
and it is not often so easy to make a good guess as to
just what insects they are talking about, as it is in this
case.”

SOD CULTURE AND RESULTS FROM IT.

I have picked 4,000 baskets of peaches, with mariy
now on the trees ; have sent to cold storage about 900
barrels of No. 1 Greenings, arid will have about 1,000
barrels of the finest Ben Davis I have ever seen. I
have also picked and stored 75 barrels Haas, the same
number of Wealthy and Gravenstein, about the same
of York Iiriperial; almost ready to pick Winesap. about
100 barrels; Baldwin, 5&0 barrels; Wagener, 100 bar¬
bels: The remainder is made up of King, Rome Beauty
and Sutton. All this from an orchard seven, eight and
nine yeabs old. All but the Haas can be picked with
an eight or 10-foot step-ladder. So much has been
said in The R. N.-Y. as to culture on sod, I have been
tempted many times to giVe my views, but thought I
would wait for results I have them in both conditions,
and will now seed them all down to grass. Last year
the orchards that were in grass nearly filled a barn
50 by 30, with posts 10 feet high, with hay ; this year
the same fields cut nearly as much, making the third
crop of hay taken from these orchards, not counting a
second crop taken the first year they were mown. The
difference in apples from sod or cultivated ground is
mostly color, those from sod being much finer color.
These orchards were sprayed in April with lime and
Sulphur for scale and immediately after the blossoms
fell with Paris-green and lime, no Bordeaux being
used. C. R.

Orange C., N. Y± _

HIGH PRICES FOR CONSUMERS.

If S. Friedlender, page 695, would get up a little
earlier in the morning and go to market he would at
least get fresh vegetables at reasonable prices, or if
he would come to Long Island to live, for the same
rent he would have a nice little house with some
ground to make a garden Why do so many stay in
the East Side? hie could have a few chickens, too,
also ducks, geese, turkeys, etc. ; fresh air. good neigh¬
bors, schools, churches. When he wants vegetables and
fruits he does not go to the market place. The Italians
who keep stands, also the large stores, do not do business
for fun ; they have to go to the market early, while the
customer sleeps sound, yet they have to pay rent for
their stands and stores. If there is so much profit, why
does not he go into vegetable business himself and
get rich? henri beaulieu.

ALL HAVE THEIR TROUBLES.— S. Friedlaender,
page 695, seems to have been having troubles of his
own in eating vegetables, as well as the man at the
other end of the line, who never becomes a millionaire,
raising them. About August 25 I sent to a New York
commission man 12 half-barrel baskets of apples. We
measure all kinds of fruits and vegetables here by the
54-bushel peach pasket, and these half-barrel baskets
hold two or a little over of peach baskets. I received
$1 each for three and 65 cents each for the remainder.
They were all nice, sound, hand-picked apples, but the
yellow ones, although the better of the two, only sold
for 65 cents, while the red brought $1. At the rate Mr.
Friedlaender paid for his they should have sold for
about $6 each. So you can see the dealer must have
made a living profit. To be exact and allow for shrink¬
age and measuring out in small quantities they would
have brought $4 or $5 anyway. His price for peaches
was not so high if he got good ones. The best have
sold in New York for $3.50 to $4.50 per carrier of six
baskets at times the past season, but the majority have
sold for much less than half in many instances. Here
are prices we have been receiving this season for most
of oiir stuff at the station here ! White potatoes, large¬
ly 12'/2 cents, though some brought 25; sweet, now 15,
have sold for 30; watermelons, best lO'/L fair seven
to eight; cantaloupes, in New York. 65 cents to $3 per
crate; tomatoes have been high for us, owing to short
crop. Prices have been from 15 to 35 cents per §4
basket right at the station. They usually sell for 10.
Eggs now 22 cents per dozen, which is higher than
usual. Lima beans about 50 cents per 54 bushel basket
at station. Very fine large bull-nose peppers are sell¬
ing 10 to 15 cents 54 bushel basket. I saw a lot plowed
in last week where man was preparing for wheat.
Pears, 1214 to 15 cents per basket; apples, 75 cents
per barrel. Corn, sugar, about 10 cents per dozen in
local market. Young chickens, 20 to 25 cents per
pound, live weight. It is a shame that city people can¬
not get good things to eat at a reasonable price when
they sell so cheap, and even if high they ought at least
be fresh and of the best quality. All these goods leave
here on the 11.40 a. m. train and are sold the next
morning before day in New York, and should not be
over a day old when the consumer receives them. T
can only suggest that the complaining consumer
come down to Delaware and buy a farm and see the
other side of the question. He would no doubt have
his vegetables, fruits and poultry fresh, but whether
or not much cheaper, I am not prepared to say. 1 am
also afraid his patience would be well nigh worn out
by the time he had a few hens leave their nest, or

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

743

the cholera or roup break out among his chickens, or
the aphis destroy his strawberry patch. He would also
have to be up early to meet the cutworm and the cur-
culio, for they both begin early and make a full day
of it. He would also notice that the festive blackbird,
which some of our city friends do not like to see adorn¬
ing ladies’ hats, makes a far better trimming for a hat
than for a cornfield or a pea patch. The bird which may
live on cutworms on Broadway, New York, readily
learns to eat corn and peas in Delaware, and soon
adapts itself to local conditions. The same may be
said of the robin, which does not care if the Purple
Guigne cherries are a bit tart just so they are turning
red. He will notice a “slow but sure” insect com¬
monly known as “ ’tater bug” is on hand just as the
potato peeps above ground, and unless he is read}' to
feed this gentleman a generous supply of Paris-green
he may not eat fresher or cheaper potatoes here than in
his fiat. The San Jose scale will also give him time for
thought if he is interested in insects, or if his mind
runs towards vegetable pathology he will have food
for thought in Peach yellows, Pear blight, Apple scab,
Grape rot, Cantaloupe blight and a thousand other very
interesting subjects. I haven't mentioned half of the
ups and downs, but to look on the brighter side, when
he had made a good meal of “fried chicken,” or a Del¬
aware shad right out of the water, or biscuits that are
made nowhere else half so good, he would be in good
humor. Then, too, if he is fond of oysters, crabs,
clams, terrapin, to say nothing of wild duck or quail,
he could appease this appetite far cheaper than he
could do in New York. chas. wright.

Delaware.

I have just read S. Friedlaender’s article on page
(595, in which he asks how much of the price of the
pound and two ounces of chicken he and the good
wife feasted on we farmers get. We get at this town
eight cents per pound. Now he may sit down and fig¬
ure out where that other part of the price goes. I
had just finished dressing two Spring chicks for our
to-morrow’s meat and when I read of Mr. Friedlaen-
der and his wife feasting on a pound and two ounces
of chicken, bones and all, I could not help wishing they
were here to help us eat those I dressed to-night. The
middle man surely ought to wax fat. c. L. w.

Zearing, Iowa.

R. N.-Y. — We know some small middlemen who are
so squeezed by the big ones that they are very thin.

In your article on page 700, in reference to city folks
and fresh vegetables, you devise means similar to the
man cutting off his dog’s tail by cutting off an inch
every day; he thought it would not hurt him as much
to lose a little bit every day as it would to lose the
whole tail. Why not have a parcels post that would
handle all sorts of country produce direct to the con¬
sumer and do away with those leeches, so that the city
folks would get their stuff the same day it left the
producer and with only one handling to the consumer.
The middleman does not produce anything, and the
fewer we can have of them the better. Let the pro¬
ducer have his customers and send by mail direct as
they do in London, and Socialism is the only thing that
will do it.' M. c. M.

Florida.

R. N.-Y. — A parcels post would help, but the situa¬
tion is harder in New York than in most other cities.
We are not likely to have Socialism until our people get
rid of some pretty stiff habits.

FRUIT NOTES.

PERRY’S SEEDLING PLUMS.— We have never re¬
ceived so many valuable new plums as have been sent
to us this year. The fruit pictured at Fig. 317 was
sent by F. L. Perry, of Bridgeport, Conn. The fruit
as it reached us certainly bore out Mr. Perry’s state¬
ments. On September 14 Mr. Perry wrote: “The plum
is a cross between Burbank and Satsuma, ripening two
or three weeks earlier than Satsuma, and hanging to
the branches three or four weeks after it is in perfect
eating condition. A great advantage over all the other
Japan plums 1 am growing is that it commences to ripen
at the pit, and when perfectly green on the outside it
will he a dark crimson around the pit, which begins to
sweeten as soon as it begins to color, and when ripe
it has none of the bitter taste about the pit that most
of this class of plums have. Another advantage, an
important one. is its thin skin, covering a mass of the
richest plum hesh imaginable. No half ripe or rotten
plums on the tree. No skin cracking or splitting apart,
but it will hang to the tree until it commences to
shrivel. It is a strong grower and annual bearer of
large, high-colored fruit. The tree is perfectly hardy,
standing seventeen degrees below zero without losing
a terminal bud.” And again on September 20. “The
wet season, covering as it did most of the ripening
period, proves its great value; it never cracks, but shriv¬
els on the tree like a prune. Horace Fairchild tells me
he has kept the fruit two months in a southern window
before they began to decay, while other varieties de¬
cayed before they were ripe, the skin not being elastic

enough to stand the expansion growth of flesh under
the skin during the wet, muggy weather that we have
experienced the past four weeks.”

LEAD AND OIL ON 1REES. — In the Spring of
1904 I set an acre of orchard which I was to inclose

PERRY’S SEEDLING PLUM. Fig. 317.

for a hen lot, and seeded with oats. Wishing to get
shade as soon as possible I set in peach, plum and
pear between. I painted all when set except the peach
and a few of those to try it. During the Summer the
oats grew rank and the mice girdled the peaches which
were not painted, and by close examination 1 could
not detect the least sign of injury tT> any kind. In the
Fall you advised painting as late as possible for mice.
So I painted in November and killed about every peach,
all Japan plum and most of the pear, but do not think
I injured the apples, although a few died. I think it
was from being injured in the nursery by the extreme
cold. The first I could detect any injury was the first
warm days in the Spring, when by cutting into bark
a frothy water would ooze out. just as far as the paint
and oil went on every tree that died and no farther.

“GARDEN HUCKLEBERRY” OR BLACK NIGHTSHADE
FRUITS. Natural Size. Fig. 318.

See Ruralisms, Page 74ii.

On those that lived the bark was the same all through.
The paint and oil were the same batch. The oil was
raw pure oil such as is given stock, and mice will sam¬
ple it. The killed trees all started out below the paint
and most of them have made a great growth, but
whether it will stand the Winter is a question. To say
that I was sadly disappointed is putting it as mildly as
possible. R. J. R.

Springwater. N. Y.

R. N.-Y. — We have always been careful not to advise
painting peach and plum trees.

CHAIR’S CHOICE PEACH.— I have fruited the
Chair's Choice in two orchards and have discarded it
entirely; this peach belongs to the Crawford strain and
ripens soon after the Late Crawford. It is a large
yellow peach, almost covered with dark crimson red
when fully ripe. With me it will not fruit as young as
many varieties and is greatly given to rot. It is large
and round in shape, very juicy and good in quality,
but as a money-maker it is not near as desirable as
Beers Late (not Beers Smock), which ripens about the
same time. It is hardly fair to compare it with Cham¬
pion and Elberta, as it has an entirely different season
of ripening, but as a money-maker it cannot anywhere
near equal either of them. I have found Chair’s Choice
much more tender in bud than Beers Late, Christiana and
Elberta (all yellow). Our friend will probably find
Champion. Christiana, Elberta, Beers Late (last three
yellow), and Fox’s Seedling (which ripen in order
named), as near frostproof and as good and productive
as any varieties he can plant. With me (in central New
Jersey) they arc the very best of their season; after
considerable experience I can without hesitation say
I know of none to equal them. wm. h. skillman.

Somerset Co., N. J.

GROWING ONIONS FOR SEED.

One of our readers lias had such success in raising onions
this year Hint lie expects to raise his own seed another
year. He wants us to tell him how many onions lie should
save to sow one-half acre, the rows It inches apart, and
also whether he should plant large, medium or small onions.
How many and what onions would you set out for one half
acre, and lust exactly how would you handle them to get
the best seed ?

I sort out the best-shaped globes, medium-sized, in
the Fall, and put them in crates and set them in a good,
cool, dry place where they will not freeze. As early in
the Spring as I can plow the ground, and set them
out in rows about three inches deep and six inches
apart, and the rows about four feet apart, so I can
cultivate them with a horse and not knock the seed
heads down. They need to be set in good rich ground.

I have had good results with using acid rock as a fer¬
tilizer at the rate of one-half ton to the acre of 14
per cent goods. As to the amount of seed to the bushel
of onions, l have raised from one pound to five pounds
to the biuhel ; about two to three is the average.

Wayne Co.. N. Y. w. p. Rogers.

To sow one-half acre would need three pounds of
seed, and to grow this amount the grower should put
out two to three bushels of onions. In a good year a
bushel of onions will make two pounds of seed, but
to allow for bad luck he should provide a bushel of
onions for each pound of seed he wants. Choose the
largest and finest onions by all means, paving particu¬
lar attention to form and color. If he is careful in this
he can work up to an especially fine strain that will
bring top prices. Keep the onions through the Winter
in a cool, dry place, and set them out very early in the
Spring, about six inches apart in the row and deep
enough so that they can be covered over. Rows can be
any convenient width for tending. The seed ripens in
June or July, and the heads should be cut off and spread
to dry on a sheet or rack. When perfectly dry the seed
can be easily beaten out. henry field.

The onion seed crop has been a failure so frequently
in this section in the last decade that onion growers are
coming more and more to depend on men who make
the raising of onion seed a business to supply them with
what they need. In calculating to raise seed enough
for one-half acre I would select one bushel of medium
large onions of the type I wished to produce. This
should yield seed enough in an unfavorable season and
a surplus which could be sold in a good year. Open
a couple of furrows 3XA or four feet apart in good
ground, setting the bulbs four inches apart in the fur¬
row. Hoe frequently, drawing earth to the plants as
they advance in growth, taking care not to bruise the
seed stalks. Cut the seed balls in August on a dry
day when the kernels have passed the milk stage,
spreading thinly in a dry room. These can remain in
this state until Spring, if there is no danger from mice,
or cleaned ur as soon as thoroughly dry. For best
results seed should he tested in water before sowing,
the poor seed floating and the good seed going to the
bottom. JOSEPH ADAMS.

The man who wishes to grow half an acre of onions
• will need 2 Z> pounds of wafer-cleaned seed. A bushel
of choice onions will grow from nothing at all to eight
pounds of seed. None but the best should ever be
planted for seed. The best seed and the largest yield
is obtained by planting some sets of a choice strain,
and from the resultant crop select what may be wanted
for seed purposes : plant them the latter part of August
or early in September, so as to obtain a good root for¬
mation before Winter. I like to apply two tons acid
phosphate with 500 or 000 pounds muriate of potash per
acre and strike light on nitrogen; it is apt to cause
blight. Plant five or six inches apart in rows six inches
deep and at least three feet from each other. Start the
cultivator in Spring as soon as ground begins to change
color, and keep it up when the seed is ripe (which will
be known by the heads turning yellow). Cut the stalks
five or six inches helow the head, spread out thinly up¬
stairs somewhere, and turn occasionally. When dry
thrash with a flail and run through the fanning mill a
couple of times. The man who grows seeds always has
a full line of sieves, and to finish the onion seed he will
probably need a No. 12 or No. 14. There is another
and much more frequently practised method of growing
onion seed. Just sell vour onions as long as you have
any fit to sell, then in Spring plant the scallions and
rotten ones, together with what mav be left of your
crop. You must issue a catalogue, of course, on cheap
paper, first consul Ling the dictionary for adjectives suf¬
ficiently expressive to describe your product, and if you
can get the loan of some wood cuts that go to show that
you had to rent another field to cure your onions on,
you will, no doubt, be able to hold the right of line in
the procession. M. garrahan.

744

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 14;

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
outadvertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

WINTERING PANSIES.

Pansy plants can be transplanted now,
or before frost sets in. Transplant in a
well sheltered situation where the west
and north winds will not strike too hard,
about three inches apart, in very rich
ground where there is plenty of well-de¬
composed manure. Keep off the weeds,
and when the very cold weather sets in,
not before Thanksgiving in this locality,
cover them with salt hay or straw if
you have no sash, or excelsior, but
salt hay is best if you can get it,
as it will not press down so hard as the
manure or straw. Plants raised that way
come later in the Spring, because the
buyer will not buy any pansies unless
there are blossoms on them. Wintered in
that way they are better to raise seeds
than grown under glass too. Some grow¬
ers throw away many plants when trans¬
planting in the Fall, but do not do it un¬
less the plant is sickly. You cannot se¬
lect your plants now, but in the Spring.
Do not throw away any young plant, be
cause it looks small; there is a chance
that it will be the finest one in the Spring.
You know that common plants grow much
quicker than a fancy one ; wild plants
grow faster than cultivated. You have
more chance to have a fine flower on a
weak plant so long as it is healthy than
on a strong one, as a rule.

HENRI BEAULIEU.

uit for Oklahoma.

E. B. 8., Liberal, Kan., — Will you give a
list of fruit for home use that will succeed
in Beaver Co., O. T. ? Elevation 2,500
feet. Plums and grapes grow wild along
river and peaches are quite certain crop.

b. s.

Ans. — Yellow Transparent, Duchess,
Cooper’s Early White, Maiden Blush,
Missouri Pippin, Jonathan, Winesap, and
Ben Davis are the best varieties of apples
for that section of the country. Elberta,
Alexander and Salway are about the best
peaches, but the late peaches will not be
so good as tbe earlier ones. Plant the
Early Richmond and English Morello
cherries. Burbank and Pottawattamie
plums are about the best. In Beaver
County it will be necessary to irrigate or
plant in very favored localities to be even
moderately successful with fruit.

o. M. M.

Peach Yellows.

J. II., Kent, 0. — My peach trees have pale
yellow leaves and small fruit, but have
no bunches of small wiry twigs. The
peaches are worthless. Is this a sign of the
yellows? Some of the trees have one-half
of the tops with healthy green leaves and
the other part pale green leaves, but I have
never seen any spotted fruit.

Ans. — All the symptoms mentioned are
those of the disease called Peach yellows,
but they are not all seen on every dis¬
eased tree. The sign usually seen at first
is . the pale color of the leaves, and next
the poorly flavored fruit- These two have
been noticed on the trees described, and
it is quite safe to say that the disease is
present. The other symptoms will prob¬
ably appear next year. The wise thing to
do is to dig up and burn all the trees that
appear to be affected, and to be very care¬
ful not to allow them to touch the
healthy trees. I have seen the yellows
transmitted to healthy trees by dragging
those diseased out of the orchard and
allowing them to touch. h. e. v. d.

Soil Containing White Grubs.

IF. It. L., Herkimer Co., N. Y. — I have a
piece of corn or old pasture ground that is
full of the white grubs. In some places it
is all dead. Will the grubs work in the oats
next year? When would be the best time to
plow? Would plowing in late Fall freeze
them out? If some of your readers have
had some experience with them I would be
pleased to hear from them.

Ans. — I should prefer to put some
Other crop than oats on land infested with

white grubs. Better put some crop, like
potatoes, that requires frequent cultiva¬
tion, as this is the greatest discourager of
white grubs yet discovered. It is possible
that the grubs will mature this Fall, and
thus not be a serious pest in the field
next season. But I should not count on
this possibility. The best thing to do is
to plow and thoroughly stir up the soil
this Fall as soon as the corn is off, then
thoroughly stir it up again in early Spring
before putting in any crop. No substance
has yet been found that can be applied
to the soil in sufficient quantities to kill
white grubs and not destroy all vegeta¬
tion also. Thorough and frequent culti¬
vation and frequent rotation of crops are
the greatest discouragers of these pests.

M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Keeping Onions.

G. B. D., Beloit, Wis. — How shall I treat
my onions, now they are ripe? Many are
sipall that I want to keep for sets in the
Spring.

Ans. — Red and yellow onions should
be pulled as soon as the tops begin to
lop. As the ground is free from weeds,
they can be thrown together in strips or
gathered into small piles where they are
left until thoroughly cured, when they
are opened on a dry day and taken to
the barn or loft, and stored in slatted
bins or racks where air can have free ac¬
cess underneath and on all sides. Plenty
of ventilation should be given in good
weather. On the approach of severe
weather the building should be made tight
and warm, and a fire started on extreme
cold nights, or they can be moved to a
dry cellar when freezing weather comes
on. On the care of onion sets I would
refer G. B. D. to R. N.-Y. of July 22, page
551. JOSEPH ADAMS.

the “Pomona Experiment Committee,” with
Walton E. Davis, Shiloh, chairman, and
George A. Mitchell. Vineland, secretary. They
visited and examined the experimental work
being done at this model farm and dairy by
I’rof. Johnstone and his able assistant super¬
intendents; also visited the laundry, cannery,
worksht ,)s and otheix places of interest at this
wonderful “home.” After an elaborate lunch
served by two of the inmates, given to the
guests by the professor, especial experimental
work was assigned to each member of the
committee, which, with work to be done by
members of their respective Granges, is to be
reported at a future meeting.

m mm world

is one of the largest, best, brightest and most practical
magazines published for women and the home. Each issue
contains from 36 to 44 large pages, size of Ladies' Home
Journal, enclosed in a handsome cover, printed in colors.
Its departments embrace Fiction, Poetry, Housekeeping,
Out-of-Doors, Artistic Needlework, Fashions, Hygiene,
Boys and Girls, Mothers’ Corner, Illustrated
Feature Articles, Home Decoration, etc. It
numbers among its contributors many of the
best up-to-date magazine writers. It
is profusely and handsomely illus¬
trated. In order to ini
our magazine into th
sands of new homes
where it is not
already taken,
we will
send

including the
special Thanksgiv¬
ing and Christmas issues
—to any address, prepaid, for
only 10 cents in stamps. Being
so firmly convinced that you will want
it continued if you give it a trial, we make
this extremely liberal introductory offer. The
issues we shall send you will be rich in literary
-laterial and illustrations. A brilliant new Serial Story
by the popular author, Juliet IVilbor Tompkins, com¬
mences in the November number. Send along the post¬
age stamps and give our magazine a trial. A prompt order
will bring you an extra copy of a recent issue Jree, which
we will include for good measure. Address Dept. A, T.
S. H. MOORE CO., 23 City Hall Place, Hew Yqrlj,

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-$5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kails. Box 73.

, When you write advertisers mention Thb
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Specialties for Fall
Planting

Fruit Trees for Orchard and Garden

Ornamental Trkks, Shrubs, Ktc.

Roses, Peonies and Phloxes
Hardy Plants

Largest and most complete collections in the U. S.
Send for Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue, 144 pages,
and List of Novelties and Specialties, with colored plate
of Hardy Phlox.

ELLW ANGER & BARRY

N urserjmen— Horticulturists.

MountHope Nurseries Rochester, N. Y.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental ana Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Kerry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine, tend us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

FRUIT TREES

at $5 to $IO per IOO

FREIGMTPAID.

We have a tine lot of JUNE BUD
and one year old Peach Trees;
one and two year Apple. Pear,
Cherry and Plum; Shade Trees,
Shrubbery, Roses, Grapes, etc.
Strawberry Plants by tbe million.
Write for Catalogue and Prices,
Mention this paper.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,

Chattanooga, Tenn.

BARTLETT PEARS

APPLES

these as well as all kinds of Eariy
have paid well this season. We
have a tine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. Higktstown, N. J.

Peach Trees Do Not Bear.

F. H. D., Englestown, N. J. — I have a
peach orchard df 500 trees, six years old,
that has borne no fruit so far. The trees are
vigorous, the foliage dark green, and the
trees seem to turn everything into wood, as
they make great growth eacli year. The soil
is a sandy loam, well drained, and for the
last three years has had a crop of Crimson
clover on it. For two years the clover was
cut in with a disk harrow, and this year
plowed under, but I have secured nothing
from it as yet. Can you tell me what to
do to get fruit, or shall I pull them out,
as I don’t care to lose the use of the land
much longer?

Ans. — It seems very strange that
healthy and vigorous peach trees in a
good peach country have not borne fruit
within six years from planting. It may
be that there have been severe Winters
or Spring frosts that killed the fruit
buds. If this is not true then I am not
able to tell the cause of the unfruitfulness
of the orchard. However, I would not
give up all hope of its bearing and dig out
the trees yet. They may bear the next
year, and judging by condition of the
trees as described they ought to bear fruit
of excellent quality*. h. E. v. d.

NEW JERSEY GRANGE NOTES.— Cbm-
berland Co. (N. J.) Pomona No. 4 at its last
session, appointed a committee from each
Grange to take preliminary steps toward the
establishment of an experiment station in
South Jersey, as the soil and climate of the
location of the present experiment station in
New Brunswick are so different from this
part of the State, that many of the experi¬
ments are not satisfactory here. This com¬
mittee met recently, by special invitation of
I’rof. E. R. Johnstone, principal and super¬
intendent at tbe “Training School for the
Feeble-Minded” in Vineland, and organized

FOIt .SALE. —Thirty bushels Winter Wheat. Will
sell in small lots; $2 per bushel. Apply OASIS
FARM, Harrison, N. Y. Charles Furthmanu, Prop

A I Crimson Clover Seed,

« rT ^9/AImEL $5.50 per bushel; Cow

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

OCCn DHT ATfiCP— Buy this Fall while they are
0LUU rU I H I UL0 cheap, my Second-Crop Seed
are the best by test. North East South anil West.
Strawberry plants, etc. Catalogue free.

.). W. HALL, Marion Station, Md.

Fruit & Ornamental,
Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs
and Plants.

Catalogue No. 1 free to
purchasers of Fruit and
Ornamental Trees. No. 3 free to
buyers of Holland and other Bulbs,
Hardy Plants and Vines, Roses, Ferns,
Palms and Greenhouse Goods in general. Try us.
We will give you a square deal and guarantee satis¬
faction. Correspondence solicited. 62 years, 44
greenhouses. 1200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.
Box 15 PAINESVILLE, OHIO

D A M C V Mme. Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
In II 0 I White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for
florists and market gardeners. Silver Medal at the
St. Louis Exposition. BEAULIEU.Woodhaven, N.Y.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Ilightstown,N. J.

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri«
'bution to nlanters.— Stark Bro’s. Louisiana, Mo.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
JOHNSTON, Box 4. Stockley Del.

30 years, 30 years in use
Pratts Food for horses and
cattle.

APPLE GROWERS

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the cheapest ’trees. Weofferyou “SPECIAL SERVICE”— personal attention and safety.

APPLE BREEDERS. ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. Y.

TREES

C 17 OCR inn FPCIftllT DA in Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rtn lUUi rnCIUni rfllU poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants allow wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
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OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

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Grape Vines, Currants, and other small fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to
write us before placing your order. Catalogue and price list mailed on request.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO.,

Confluence, Penn.

A SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN.

Wp httve been investigating fountain pens. We wanted a good cheap pen to give our friends in return for sending us new subscriptions.
We tried several ourselves to make sure. They are nuisances. The cheap fountain pen is not worth as much as the ordinary steel pen that
costs only a cent. We found1 good fountain pens, but they are dear. This cut represents one of the best we can find. The retail price

is $2.50. It is a hard rubber holder, bottom feed/ with a heavy solid 14 karat gold pen. This is a pen that will stand heavy usage and
last a lifetime. It is fully warranted, and may be returned if not satisfactory in every way. Several are now in daily use in our office,
and we known they are all right.

We will give you an opportunity to get one easily. Send us a club of four new yearly subscriptions at $1 each. To make it easy for
you to get them, we will send the paper the remainder of this year and all next year. The day we receive your order for them we will
send you this pen free and postpaid. Do not mistake this for the cheap pens offered by some publishers. Gold is printed on them in plain
sight, but pull tbe pen out of the holder and you will see the word plated. The deception is evident. They cost about the same as
steel pens and are not so good. In a week or two they corrode and are then worthless. This solid gold pen will not corrode. It is
always ready for use and will last a lifetime.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

745

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Collection of Back Rent.

Can land or back rent on my farm be
collected? I have been told that a law has
been passed doing away with same. l.

New York.

We do not understand what you mean
by your question, “Whether land or back
rent on my farm can be collected.” If
you have leased a farm to another and
rent is in arrears, it can, of course, be
collected, and no legislation can prevent
this. It is impossible to answer .more
definitely because the question is not
wholly intelligible.

Obstructed Ditch.

About 10 acres of my 50-acre farm
forms a natural basin, being surrounded
by higher land except to the east. This
basin has for the last 50 years or more
been drained by a ditch, which runs through
my neighbor’s farm to the east and from there
crosses the road and empties into a brook.
My neighbor has permitted his end of the
ditch to become clogged by the growth of
brush, weeds and grass, thereby preventing
the water from draining off my land, there¬
by making the same almost useless. This
basin meadow Is fine hay land and has in
former years yielded large crops of Timothy.
What remedy, if any, have 1 in this matter?
New York. h. h. l.

Chapter 433, Laws of New York, 1904,
furnishes a remedy where an adjoining
owner fails to keep open a ditch running
through his and his neighbor's land. If
upon request he does not open the ditch,
you can have proceedings taken through
the fence viewers to cause the ditch to be
opened at his expense. The Act provides
the method of procedure.

A Creamery Lease.

I am renting a creamery ; the lease was
made three years ago for two years, with the
privilege of five years. By October 1 I occu¬
pied the building 3% years. The lease calls
for the rent to be paid semi-annually, April 1
and October 1. The annual rent is $100. I
paid my rent promptly every time, but the
company of whom I rent fail to do any re¬
pairs. The well, which Is the only water
supply, is cribbed ; the cribbing is all rotten,
and the water smells so badly that I cannot
use it for butter-making; besides, it is dan¬
gerous to use in the boiler, becoming foamy.

A great many of the window lights are loose,
and some have dropped out ; others have been
knocked out by boys. I have called the com¬
pany’s attention to this, especially the presi¬
dent’s, time and again, but they pay no at¬
tention to it, so I have made arrangements to
ship all my milk to another place this Win¬
ter and would like to give up this building
by October 1. Have I a right to do so? The
term of five years will not be up until April
1, 1907, but I cannot run a creamery busi¬
ness under such circumstances. What notice
must I give the company to leave, and when?
Pennsylvania. k.

Unless your lease provides that the
landlord must keep the premises in repair,
you cannot call upon him to remedy the
defects complained of. In such case the
tenant is obliged to make the ordinary
repairs. This being so you cannot, of
course, surrender your lease upon the
ground stated.

Trespass on River Front.

A leases a piece of land on river front
from B for 20 years. B sells his home to D ;
the piece of leased land is in front of this
home. D uses the landing, A granting him
the right. There is a little inlet or ditch
that passes through the piece of leased land
from the river to D’s land, serving to drain
off water : also boatmen have used it for 40
years or more as harbor for small boats, no
one objecting. A had boat in said inlet
when lease expired. A short time after D
told his boys to pull A’s boat out and turn
it adrift, which they did, towing it for half
mile beyond inlet to channel of river and
turned it adrift. D claims he notified A to
remove boat, but cannot prove .such except
by his boys. Has A any redress for the
act, and what charge would he have to bring?
Maryland. J.

If A’s boat has been recovered by him
without serious damage, we advise him
to drop the matter. From the state¬

ment, we assume D became possessed of
the leased land at the expiration of A’s
lease, and that the boat was therefore
moored to the shore belonging to D. The
boat was accordingly trespassing upon D’s
property. Even so, however, he could
not destroy the property. He could

impound it in case A refused to

remove it, and unless no other

method remained D was not, in

our opinion, justified in towing the boat
into the midstream and there letting it
drift to destruction. A could bring an
action for damages against D for unnec¬
essarily causing the loss of his property
in thus dealing with it.

PRODUCTS, PRICES, AND TRADE.

Squash Market. — “I have several car¬
loads of Hubbard squash and will have to
ship them as there is no home market here.
Give the address of reliable commission firms
handling squashes in several cities and any
information possible in regard to the best
time and way of handling. t. w.

Michigan.

The addresses desired have been given this
inquirer. As to specific directions it will be
well to follow closely the instructions of the
parties to whom shipment is made, as they
know best the requirements of their trade.
Squashes are very low in this market at pres¬
ent, going from jobbers’ hands at 40 to 00
cents per barrel, not an inviting price for
long-distance shipments. They will doubt¬
less be higher later, when the pie season is
in full blast. Squashes are not easy things
to handle. To avoid decay they should be
kept from frost and in a dry. airy place,
conditions sometimes hard to get in shipment.

Selling Roots, Herbs, etc.— “Where can
I sell roots, herbs, etc; spearmint and pep¬
permint oils at prices quoted in The It.
N.-Y.?” i s.

New York.

The prices referred to cover sales from
jobbers' hands, and include transportation,
and at least one profit. The price paid pro¬
ducers will run from 15 to 50 per cent below
this depending on quality. The dealers aim to
buy as low as they can, and probably most
sales are the result of some bargaining after
seeing the stock or fair samples of it. The
wholesale general drug houses and botanic
druggists handle these goods, but they often
seem indifferent and need more or less coax¬
ing to get an offer out of them, unless one
has a product that is particularly fine.

Weight of Beans. — Several readers ask
what is the standard weight of a bushel of
beans in New York State. In most States
it is 60 pounds. New York and Vermont
seem to be exceptions in having 62 pounds.
The actual weight of a carefully measured
and struck bushel of beans varies from 50 to
65 pounds, depending upon size and consist¬
ency. Beans and all grain ought to be dealt
in by weight alone. What is the use of

buying and selling by the bushel and then
specifying that the bushel shall weigh a cer¬
tain amount, which it does not? It would
be as sensible to buy by the pound and

then specify that the pound should be 14 or
18 ounces. In cases mentioned by some cor¬
respondents where beans were sold at so much
a bushel and nothing definite was said as to
the weight, they must expect to furnish what
is considered the State standard, and. in case
of law suits from refusal to do this, any fan-
minded jury would look on a custom fixed
by long usage in the same light as a statute
law It would be verv unwise, however, to

go to law about this. Before selling one

should find out what the buyer expects.

Investments. — A man with a thirst for
getting hold of other people's money has got
the writer’s name and keeps sending letters,
circulars and booklets, the burden of which
is that he can handle my money to better
advantage than I can. The only visible
ground for this assurance seems to be the
fact that for several years he has been in
this same sort of business, and thus far has
found plenty of people ready to hand their
money over to him. lie has no manufactur¬
ing plant, gives no list of assets, and those
investing with him have no more tangible
security than his word. The arguments used
are so plausible that one feels almost like
sending him the money, even though common
sense says otherwise. He has a number of
imitators in this line of business, all anx¬
ious to benefit their fellow men. But the
$100 or so asked for would better be put
into a new henhouse or hogpen or used to add
to the comforts of home the coming Winter.
There is a notion in current thought that
the most valuable quality of a dollar is its
ability to reproduce itself in kind, that only
investments which pile up money are worth
much consideration. The smart young man
who, starting with small means, becomes a
money king at 35. is boomed before the pub¬
lic as a wonder, though an investigation of
the way he has got there shows that he has
constantly grazed the shady edge of business,
and not a few times, on his own account or as
a willing pupil and tool of bigger and sharper
schemers, has used lying and stealing as
means most available for carrying out his
purposes. But we hear little of the men who,
starting at 25. have hewed productive farms
and comfortable homes out of the wilderness,
or have shouldered and paid crushing farm
mortgages, work that has required as much
thought, skill and judgment as that of the
financier, and has contributed tef the stabil¬
ity of this country and its homes. The fact
that a dollar will grow into other actual
dollars when properly salted down is worth
knowing, and of course it is prudent to lay
away a fair part of one’s income for this
purpose if possible. But of far more import¬
ance is the fact that a dollar will make
other things grow; that it will produce ap¬
ples. wheat, etc.; that it will supply life to
manufacturing and commerce : and give
worthy human ambition, a chance to work
out its aim. _ _ n-

Strawberries and Celery.— The pic¬
ture shown on our first page is sent by
Chas. Cooper, who has something of a
reputation for producing late strawber¬
ries. The boxes of ripe berries are Pan-
American, while the growing plants are
the new Autumn bloomer. The celery
was grown near the berries. 1 hese Fall-
bearing fruits are interesting as novelties,
but would hardly be profitable on a large
scale, as small fruits out of their season
are only in limited demand.

• - 'Y .* . * ■

; FAIRBANKS CO-

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Making Winter
Money.

In this country there is a vast oppor¬
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his winter days into money. There is
work everywhere for a man who owns
and knows how to handle a good, service¬
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money in this way. We do the technical
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up to you. Then you make money all
through the winter days when most of
your neighbors are idle. That’s what
makes men prosperous and powerful in
this country — taking advantage of the
opportunities that lie right at their door.

Take the matter up with our Farm
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your neighborhood and let us lay out a
money making campaign foryou. Itwon’t
cost you anything to see what we can sug¬
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send you our free book on Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

■ •

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Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
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Over 30 years of
success has caused a
flood of imitators.
Insist on the original
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(The name and address of the writer of thi9
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Highest Award World’s Fair, 1904.

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IN

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NEW
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER-

October 14.

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Time for Bulb Planting. — Most home
gardeners will doubtless agree that some
of the pleasantest work of the year is
concerned with the care of the various
hardy Spring-flowering bulbs, including,
of course, the selection and purchase -of
new varieties. The planting season is
now with us, the Autumn catalogues have
been out some weeks, and the early-rip¬
ening species, such as the Crocus, Nar¬
cissus or daffodil, tulip and hyacinth are
ready for delivery. A few species, in¬
cluding most of the hardy lilies, will not
be ready until November. The early
bulbs above named should be planted at
the earliest convenience, as they are not
improved by keeping out of the ground
too long, and thrive best when well
established by reasonably early planting.
October is a very suitable mouth to get
them in the soil. Unless special bedding
effects are wanted hardy bulbs give as a
rule best satisfaction when planted in
groups in the herbaceous border or in
protected places near shrubbery about the
lawn. Choose where possible a dry or
well-drained situation, not in the shade or
drip of trees or buildings; dig the soil
deep — a foot in depth is good, but 18
inches is far better — throwing the top
soil to one side, while the subsoil is be¬
ing well loosened, then return the top
soil to the bottom of the excavation, set
the bulbs at the proper depth, and fill in
'with rather light sandy soil, even if the
latter must be brought from a distance.
Manure is seldom needed, and usually
does more harm than good. The germs
of the coming flowers are already formed
in the bulbs, and are little benefited by an
excess of plant food in the soil. Nourish¬
ment is best supplied by a Winter mulch
or by working a dressing of fine old ma¬
nure or quick acting potato fertilizer in
the soil as soon as growth appears in the
Spring. Fresh animal manures in contact
with the bulbs often cause decay, and
should not be used. Elaborate diagrams
of the proper depths and distances apart
to plant the various bulbs are given in
many catalogues and horticultural publi¬
cations. They are very useful if at hand,
but usually based on foreign experience,
and give the depths at less than is often
advisable for our severe climate. If the
covering soil is light lilies are best plant¬
ed eight to 10 inches deep and 12 or
more inches apart; Narcissi, six to eight
inches deep and six to 10 inches apart;
hyacinths, same depth as Narcissi, but
not more than eight inches apart for best
effect ; tulips five inches deep and four
to five apart. The smaller bulbs, such as
jonquils, snowdrops, Crocuses, Scillas and
Chionodoxas, about four inches deep and
two to three inches apart, the depths in
all cases to be counted from the top of
the bulbs. Some discretion is needed in
placing the different varieties, as the
dwarf-growing early tulips may be plant¬
ed closer together and somewhat shallow¬
er than the tall-growing late kinds. Ex¬
perience has taught us that bulbs winter
better and are likely to give more satis¬
factory blooms if planted at these depths
than shallower in the latitude of New
York, provided, of course, the soil is
free from standing water. If planted in
sticky or heavy soil we would rather
cover with pure sand than any soil that
is likely to bake, but light garden loam is,
after all. the best covering.

Planting in Sod. — A very practical and
effective method of planting flowering
bulbs is to place them in groups or col¬
onies in the grass about the yard or
lawn. They look best somewhat in the
background, though the dwarf-growing
kinds are suitable for any situation. Cro¬
cuses, Scillas and snowdrops may be scat¬
tered on the sod in drifts or informal
groups and put in by punching a hole of
the required depth with a section of
broomstick and mallet, dropping in the
bulb, taking care the base is down, and
filling up with sandy soil. The hole is
sufficiently closed by an edgewise blow of
the mallet. The new Crocus corm forms
on top of the old one, bringing the plant
nearer to the surface each year, so that
this species cannot be depended on to
make a show for more than two or three
seasons, but we have groups of Scillas,
Chionodoxas and snowdrops, planted this
way nine years ago, that have gained in
strength and beauty each season. Tulips,
hyacinths and daffodils, however, appre¬
ciate more care when planted in sod. Hav¬
ing determined the location of your group
or colony, peel up the sod with a sharp
spade and lay it on one side, dig out the
top soil, throwing it temporarily . in a
wheelbarrow or on a piece of bagging to
avoid marring the turf, and loosen deeply
the subsoil, working in a moderate dress¬
ing of bone dust and wood ashes, or a

good chemical fertilizer; replace some of
the top soil, bringing it to the needed
depth, and set in the bulbs, grouping them
in an irregular manner similar to natural
growth rather than precisely spacing them,
and fill up with the same or lighter soil,
replacing the sod after mounding up
slightly to shed water. The sod forms a
most natural and excellent Winter pro¬
tection. It may be removed just before
the shoots come up next Spring, and the
bare place covered with a piece of poul¬
try netting laid flat if there is danger of
fowls or dogs scratching or the sod may
be left in place, assisting any weak shoots
that find difficulty in coming through.
Bulbs planted in this way need little at¬
tention. but usually bloom magnificently,
increasing in effectiveness yearly for many
seasons. Grass will eventually cover the
place, even if the sod is first removed;
it should not be cut until the bulb foliage
begins to fade, which is an additional rea¬
son why groups of the taller flowering
bulbs should be placed somewhat out of
the way.

Selection of Varieties. — A bewilder¬
ing number of varieties of the favorite
bulbous species are offered in the cata¬
logues. The high-priced ones are not al
ways the best ; novelty and the rate of
increase of a given variety has more to
do with price than its horticultural excel¬
lence. Narcissus bulbs are quoted all the
way from $1 the hundred to $210 for a
single bulb of a scarce novelty. The
cheaper and commoner sorts are most sat¬
isfactory for garden use ; the choicer and
costlier varieties for window and pot cul¬
ture. We may safely say, after careful ex¬
amination of the Autumn catalogues, that
all offered are good and worth the little-
attention required. The descriptions
given by reliable dealers are accurate and
truthful. Make your selection to suit
your individual taste and purse, keeping
as a rule to the older and less expensive
varieties, so that you may have more of
them. Order early and get all procura¬
ble kinds in the soil as soon as possible.
Many bulbs have great powers of endur¬
ance, and will stand much abuse, but
thrive best when not unduly kept out of
the soil.

Good Bulbs Worth the Price. — The
growing of really good flowering bulbs
costs much in time, labor and skill. First-
class bulbs are worth all they cost to the
home planter. A much higher grade is
now imported than formerly. Purchases
made from reputable dealers may be
counted on for good results under ordi¬
nary treatment, but the culls and trash
offered as “bargains” late in the season
by department stores and sensational cat¬
alogues are seldom worth planting. Make
your selections from the best accessible
sources and plant at once.

The “Garden Huckleberry.” — Seeds
of a form of Black nightshade, Solanum
nigrum, were offered last Spring by a
few seedsmen under the name of “Garden
huckleberry.” with the statement that the
fruits, which are freely produced, were
excellent for pies and preserves. In some
cases the botanical name was given, but
in other descriptions there was little clue
to the real nature of the plant, and many
customers evidently bought it for an eas¬
ily grown huckleberry or blueberry- sim¬
ilar to the very popular wild fruits known
by those names. Several clusters of
fruits have been sent in by readers of
The R. N.-Y. with inquiries as to their
edible qualities. A typical specimen is
shown in natural size in Fig. 218, page
743. The Black nightshade is a variable
species growing in many countries of the
northern temperate zone. It is usually
found in the form of a low-growing
branching weed, favoring moist and shady
places, but responding to cultivation in
any garden soil. The flowers are white
and quite small. The black berries or
fruits vary much in size. The illustrated
cluster is evidently a large-fruited kind.
It is a relative of the potato, tomato, pep¬
per and egg-plant family and has no re¬
lation to the Vaccinium or true huckle¬
berry, but belongs to the poisonous
group of Solanums, though the berries are
not only harmless, but edible, when
cooked. Black nightshade berries have
long been grown in France under the
name of Morelle, from the resemblance
to black cherries. In the south of Europe
the leaves are occasionally used as greens
just as we cook pokeweed or Phytolacca
shoots for the same purpose. The poi¬
sonous qualities of many plants are driven
off or neutralized by heat. In Dakota
the Black nightshade is often called stub¬
ble berry, as it grows freely in wheat
stubble. The fruits have been consider¬
ably used there in the absence of better
things for pies and preserves. The fla¬
vor of the raw berries is not inviting, but
they may not be as poisonous as has been
imagined. The plant is productive and
easy to grow, but the fruits are of little
importance, to be classed with such horti¬
cultural trifles as elderberries and the
ground cherry or strawberry tomato, Phy-
salis Alkekengi, and other species.

w. v. F.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

A Roof That Really Protects.

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That kind of calculation is called thrift.
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/

YOUR IDEAS

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lutely), use the separa¬
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every test, at the end of
one month If you find it
skims closer, runs easier,
is easier to operate, skims
colder milk, does better
work and is in every way
better than any other sep¬
arator you ever saw,
then you pay us for It; if
not, send It back to us at
our expense of freight
charges, and you are not out one
cent, and you have had the use of
the separator free of any cost or
money deposit for thirty days, on free open account,
full credit trial. We let you be the judge In every par¬
ticular. We accept your decision without question of
any kind and without expense to you.

- 1 BUYS THE CELEBRATED DUNDEE

1 CREAM SEPARATOR, the new Improved
Modal, the equal
of cream separators
sold by others at (30.00
to $40.00.

If you answer this ad¬
vertisement you will
get the Dundee and our other
separator catalogues and ell
our new and wonderful offers.

COO on BUYS THE
&£D.UU AMERICAN

CREAM SEPARATOR, made
by the American Separator
Company of Balnbridge, New
York, holders of many of the
world’s greatest medals for
litgh grade cream separators,
a separator that never before
sold to users for less than
(65.00 to (100.00, far better
than mOBt separators that
are now being sold at
(100.00.

If you answer this adver¬
tisement you will get the
American Separator Cata¬
logue. all our other separator
catalogues and all our new
and wonderful offers.

I boy.
lour

ECONOMY SEPARATOR, guar¬
anteed the highest grade cream
separator made, guaranteed to
skim closer, skim colder milk,
sklmfaster.sklmmore, clean easier,
run easier, wear longer, do better
work in every way, give better satis¬
faction In every particular than any
other cream separator made, re¬
gardless of name, make or price.
With this separator goes our cele¬
brated $1,000.00 Challenge for
any other maker to meet us In com¬
petitive test. These separators
from 200 to 750 pounds per
and you can skim 1,000
pounds per hour with our Economy.
There Is no other separator made
that will In any way compare with
It. If you own two or more cows
j ou need our wonderful offer at once.

CUT THIS AD. OUT and send to
Us, or on a postal card or In a letter
say “Send me your free Cream Sep¬
arator Catalogues,” and you will
receive the three catalogues by re¬
mail free, you will get our
otters, our free trial, no
money deposit, open account trust
plan for examination and (test,
you will get the greatest*oreanftjqp-
arator propositions ever heard of. Address,

WRITE

US

AT

ONCE

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

1905.

Hope Farm Notes _

Farm Notes— The potatoes are all out.
We expect to store what we need for our
own use — or a little more, and sell the rest
before Christmas. Sweet potatoes are very
cheap just now, and it is fair economy for
us to eat sweet potatoes and sell our crop
of white ones. In some years ibis would not
pay, but this season the combination is right.
The potatoes were plowed out with a shovel
plow, then the ground was scratched over
with potato forks, and harrowed with a
Now it is in line shape for rye
every piece of cultivated ground
some live crop covering it for
In former years we have
yellow turnips and raised line
"rear I was induced to broad-

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

747

spring-tooth
seeding, for
should have
Winter. .
drilled our

crops. This .
cst. Yellow Globe,
turnips grow just

being assured that these
as well broadcast. As a
result we have a few small turnips. I will
not broadcast yellow turnips again. Yom
friends fooled you. did they? Ao— 1 looieil
invself I have no doubt they did just as
they said, but they sowed the turnips on
clean, mellow soil. We sowed them on hard
soil that was not very clean. A drought
baked the soil so that the turnips stood
still while the crab grass choked them, it
K more in the man and the soil than In the
turnips’ . . As soon as the potatoes

were1 out we started picking the Green ng
apples. The fruit never was bettei, though
the trees are old and must have been badly
neglected for years. They are in a thick sod
crow in." over a rocky ledge. Early in April
they were thoroughly sprayed with lime and
sulphur, and at blooming time they were
sprayed again with Bordeaux and 1 aris-gi een.
The grass was cut and hauled out for hay
and about 500 pounds per acre of feitilizer
used broadcast. The fruit is excellent. We
tint! little if anv scale except upon one tiee.
The apples are picked and hauled at once
to the cellar, where they are put in bins
At present prices I expect to sell most of
our fruit before Christmas. ... I haye
spoken of finding the dreaded scale on cm -
rants. Fruit growers seem to think it liaidei
to kill this pest on currants than on any other
fruit. Many of them will not try. but cut the
bushes out at once. I shall try to save mine.

We expect to cut out and burn the woist
steins and rub the rest over with a solution
of whale oil soap or resin and kerosene. A
man can wear a leather glove, carry a pan
full of the solution, and with a doth easily
wipe off each stem. It seems to me better
than trying to spray the bushes, and certainly
worth trying.

Good Literakv Diet. — Some farmers have
a notion that their methods of farming ate
the only right ones, and that those who
do differently are not farmers at all. I have
learned to believe that the best farmer is the
man who can adapt his farm to the products
best suited to his customs. Such products
mav be butter, sunflowers, hens, dogs or
anything you like. I have a letter from a
woman in California who has a small moun¬
tain ranch. She has built cabins on it and
rents (hem to city people for the Summer
season. This may not be "farming, but it
probably is the most business-like use foi
tho land under these conditions. This woman
writes among other things :

"I take The R. N.-Y. : I consider it the
bread butter and baked apples of my literary
diet wholesome, nourishing and palatable.

I read every word of it weekly, and agree
with most of your ideas, except maybe, the
kerosene-oil-in-dishwater suggestion. Mill
trv it some day. but fancy it would leave a
flavor. If you and your family ever take a
trip to California would gladly give you a
Winter’s rent of one of my cabins.”

Think of it— “bread and butter and baked
apples !” That is near enough to a balanced
ration to suit most of us. I am quite will¬
ing that readers should hunt elsewhere for
raw meat, spices and "strong" food which
makes people weak in the end. As for the
kerosene in dishwashing — there is the point
exactly. When people have their minds set
upon finding a "flavor they will certainly
batch one out. I would like to pass a
Winter in a California cabin, but we plan to
stay at home hereafter.

Dishwashing— This brings up the old
subject again. When I talked washing ma¬
chine a dozen people came forward to defend
"the wooden hired girl." The only animated
dishcloth I have heard of yet is described in
a clipping sent from North Carolina. Here
are the essential parts of it: — We are told
that this machine is used in some of the
great hotels and that it costs .<700!

’ “The principle of the dishwashing ma¬
chine is three great tubs, with two pipes in
each Through the bottom pipe pours boil¬
ing water. Through the top pipe the soiled
water constantly flows off. In the center of
.each tub an iron whirligig is kept whirling
tumultuously bv electric power, churning the
water into a torrent of soapsuds, white as
lather. Now along overhead comes sliding
a dishpan on a travelling crane. '1 lie pan
is made of strong iron wire, and holds from
two to four dozen pieces, according to the
size. Tim operator grabs a pulley chain,
down goes th,e dishnan, souse-souse into the
l boiling soapsuds. Over and over again it
souses, then -along: it goes and dives into the
first rinsing tub, then the second rinsing, then
along the crane it travels to the drain board.
Here the dishes are lifted out by hand, abso¬
lutely’ clean and almost absolutely dry.
needing scarcely the flick of a towel
for polish. Even if the towel be dis¬
pensed with and a plate reach the diner
with a trace of ’damp upon it. he who has
seen it passing through those floods of boil¬
ing swift flowing, rinsing water will not
worry. Two minutes serves for the passage
of each pan of dishes through the tubs, and
from 700 to 1,200 dishes are washed an
hour. Sliver and glass have their special
temperatures, and come up shining."

'I’he man who sends the clipping writes.

“Those I have seen in use some years since
had wire frames revolving on horizontal
shafts with spray of very hot water forced on

dishes from above. All these methods re¬
quire some form of power and unlimiteu
hot water."

That reads well, but it is far beyond the
reach of any farmer. In houses that are
steam-heated I think some good mechanic
could rig a tube into an old washlxnler and
let live steam in among the dishes, so «s to
get most of the dirt off. I still think that
cold dishwater is responsible for some ot
our trouble, and that a little kerosene would
ease the work of rubbing.

Strange Farming. — 1 have spoken above
of different methods of farming. Seymour
came here from Canada. In his section the
entire force of the farm is devoted to pro
ducing food for cuttle. Milk or cieam is
about the onlv money crop, and farmers aim
to supply this and provide as much as pos¬
sible of their own food. Here the case is
entirely different. Few farmers have any
definite product. A few make milk or grow
fruit, but most have a little of many things,
which tlicp sell as best they can to local
markets. The most surprising thing to a
stranger is the way people live. '1 he bakers
wagon runs out among our farms, and prob¬
ably 90 per cent of Hie farmer’s wives buy
more or less bread. It is much the same
with butcher and grocer. Our section has
gone all through a period of change, and old
habits have been swept away. One of my
neighbors has a farm and makes no eflort
to grow much besides a good corn crop, lie
plowed up his strawberries, sold his cows
and buvs milk, butter, berries and most of
his vegetables. lie has a good flock ot hens,
fattens a steer or two and a tew pig> each
year, and may sell some bay and stalks This
man works in the city’. Hired labor without
supervision gave no profit, so he lured men
by the day to plant, and cut his corn, while
he can cultivate, hoe and husk it by working
an hour or so every morning and taking an
occasional day off. Ilis figures show that he
is better off to raise corn and grass than lie
would be to hire help and try to produce
more. Each year the land becomes more
valuable for other purposes than farming
I am not describing this as a model system
of farming bv any means. It happens to be
sensible in this case. 1 have no doubt that
some farmers who will smile at this man
for buying milk or berries are really growing
crops which represent loss instead of profit,
if the difference between cost and income ot
a crop were as clear as the margin between
goods which a merchant sells, what a rush
there would be away from some things we
raise.

All Sorts. — 1 have many letters^ from
people who ask about a \N later in l1 loricla.
Most of them want work for the season.
Our own little farm has not turned out to be
a bonanza yet. When the white potatoes
were dug Charlie planted sweet potatoes in
part of the field, and sowed cow peas in the
other. The sweets did not do well. We
tested the soil and found it very sour, and
I have sent down some lime to use on it.
The cow peas did quite well, and Charlie
has after some trouble, secured a good crop
of cow-pea hay. The crab grass comes in
with the hay and makes a good mixture with
the cow peas. The whole held will be plowed
again well limed and fitted for potatoes once
more. To make a fair statement of condi¬
tions, must people who know Florida say we
located too far north in the State. If Height
and express rates are proportionately higher
as you go farther south 1 see little to be
gained. . . . We have IG of our white

turkeys left, and they seem disposed to stay
by us W e are all greatly interested in these
white beauties. They are great companions.
Whenever I go out to hoe or weed straw¬
berries I am sure to find the entire flock
located around me. They do not seem to
scratch or tear up the ground as hens do,
but they nibble weed seeds, grass and insects
all da v' long. They Tiave nothing to do with
the liens. . . We never had finer weather

for curing the corn fodder. After the week
of rain the sun came out clear and bright,
and the fodder has cured like millet. It is
quite equal to good hay for all the stock. Our
hay will be short, but I think grain is going
to be cheaper this W’inter. . . . Many of

the Prizetaker onions were still growing on
October 1. They seem likely to keep at it
until hard frost. We did not start the plants
in the hotbed this year but drilled the seed
outside and transplanted from the drill. The
hotbed plants have often been full size by
September 1. We can get nearly as large
an onion by drilling outside if the season is
long enough. H- w- C.

with an Appleton Wood

SAW you can rapidly and with
case and safety \/V

your own wood
and Save Coal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make

$5to$l5aDay

Strong, rigid

_ frame, adjustable

dust-proof oil boxes, etc. We make five styles.
Also the famous "Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers, Shellers, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for free catalogue.

AppletonMfg.Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, Ill..

-THE-

Angle Lamp

For Lighting City and Country
Homes.

Positive proof of how entirely different the
Angle Lamp is from the ordinary kind is the class
of Deople who use it. , .....

What other lamp— or what other lighting sys¬
tem, for that matter— can show endorsements from

ex-Pres Cleveland, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and
thousands of others of almost equal prominence t
Thgcio people would not think of using ordinary
oil lamps, vet they have chosen THIS oil-burning lamp

Convenient as Gas or Electricity <>t' thelfeautifal. soft, restful quality for which kero-

f or the v^rv fact 'ulat the ^fcde L'am^al'way^siirprrses a.'iiiTdelU^hte eveu the' mosVparticular^eopfe^enables

us to offer you better proof yet- in rata’ouue “N.N” in your own home where yon your-

•*“ *“

troublesome, old-fashioned Kind, It becomes an actual necessity .

Write lor Catalogue ”N.N,” listing 32 varieties from $1.80 up.

Save Money — Save Yourself

Some men buy a comfortable rocker to sit in while £*2 * work’
Others buy Harvey Bolster Springs to ride on while they worL
If it is advisable to buy a rocker, which is used perhaps an hour a
day how much more sensible it is to buy a Bo ster Spnng which is
S right To twelve hours a day. Besides Bolster Spnngs save wa¬
gon, harness, horses, load and driver.

Harvey XXX Bolster Springs^

are made throughout in our factory— not boughtrn
pieces at manufacturer's prices and then assembled.

In this way we greatly reduce cost and improve
the product. You can try them without cost. It

vour dealer does not carry them, send your name
J i . .* _ r>nrrv and

r This Shows the
HARVEY XXX
Bolster Spring

i w your aeaiei uuo - J

to-day on a postal for our catalogue, stating size of load you carry and

length ol you, w.gorr U£ cJ

HARVEY SPRING CO- Racine Junction, Wis*

20th Century Wagon Box and RacK

Can haul ear

Contains J 70 ft of clear, ^c!' Reasoned lumt^cait^bcdts.and^Io^pnunds^f^bestyUallf'ableClastin^KS ;
and other irons. ’ ^in‘ed two ^frectVi’he '

farmer. Your J
money bark if <
not satisfied. I
Write for free <
Catalogue.

fiOMPLETE CUN CATALOGUE

If you want absolutely the

best Shot Gun that can be made for — . — ~ —

the money you will be interested in our introductory offer

UNION FIRE ARMS GUNS.

UNIOKT FIRE ARMS CO. Desix loiocto,^.

of

DeLOACH PATENT

a • 1 • - r r n nh-a nnrl hllV fVl A f-vAtlll 1116. SllV

Avoid imitators and infringers ami buy the
Mills 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Cora
AlUls; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. Wo pay the freight.

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 303* Atlanta, G*.

JONES PAYS
FREIGHT

Wagon S

ON TRIAL

ALL IRON, STEEL AND BRASS
Jones BoxNo.331 Binghamton. N.Y,

HERE IS THE PROOF

Proof of wearing quality. The rubber strip stretches but does
not part because it is all pure rubber— no cheap substitute til¬
lers. For the same reason it wears. Look, too, at the reinforced
parts at every point where the wear comes. Pure rubber and
common sense iu making, explain why

Buckskin Brand

Rubber Boots and Shoes

outwear all others. You get twice the service out of them — cost
the same. You will save money by calling for Buckskins.

Guaranteed and sold on TEN DAYS TRIAL.

Look for the Buckskin Brand— don’t buy if you don’t see it— on
every boot leg and shoe heel. It’s your guarantee of long ser.
vice. Here’s another proof :

NOTE the Buckskin Brand Boots and Shoes were
awarded the Grand Prize for Quality at
the St. Louis Exposition.

Write for free book and learn a) 1 about how
they are made.

BANNER RUBBER CO.,

280 Bittner St., St. Louis, Mo.

WEIGHT
llO LBS
ACTUAL
TEST

»Wum
■*»*©»

STOCK RACK

A KNODIG PITLESS SCALE

■•*»!“ yiroatopor grolrrd. ^b.reCor. c„ bb.cr clog .irb Ice.
style pit scales. You don t hare to aig or wa P . * Double the money will not tret you a more accurate weigher.

fsnow Sub FARMeR'S1, iyQALE.L‘aSpeciaay“e8igned and adapted to his use. Write forour booklet and circular of farm¬
ers’ letters. They’ll o|#n your eyes to the maor ways PHI-cc Seals Co.. 2 1 9® Wy"ni?"8 Street,

748

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 14,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUB BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Colling wood, Editor

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, i *

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, \ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8 Mi marks, or 10*/2 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must hate
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to m^ke this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR PHOTOGRAPHS.

Prizes of $5, $3 and $2 will be paid for the best
photographs, suitable for printing in The R. N.-Y.
illustrating the subject:

“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME.”

The picture may be a group of humans, a company of
animals or a farm scene. The only condition is that it
must in some way illustrate the home feeling. Here
is a chance for an amateur photographer to show some
original groupings and picture a subject as old as time
and yet ever new. An illustration of the home feeling
is an expression of the most beautiful and powerful
force in the world. The pictures must be in our hands
liy November 15.

*

T he big corn crop now seems to be safe, and many
of us are waiting for a drop in prices for grain. The
cost of feeding stock to those who are obliged to buy
their grain has been excessive for the past few years.
The size of the corn crop does more than anything else
to regulate grain prices, and everything now points to
a better chance for stock feeders.

*

You may have a hired man engaged for the Summer
only. Some farmers hire a man in the Spring, work
him until the crops are gathered and then let him go.
The man has no home, and usually spends the Winter
in idleness. Can you not find work for him this
Winter, and thus keep him busy? He needs a home.
The city does not need him. Try it!

*

We are often asked how it is that some inferior things
are highly recommended by good farmers. Most of
such testimonials are obtained before the things are
fully tested. A man may buy a machine. It starts off
well and he writes about it before any of its defects are
manifest. Later he learns these defects, and finds fault
hut his “testimonial” has already been written. It pays
to wait for the “sober second thought” before praising
goods — or condemning them.

*

The newspapers state that President Roosevelt is
“working on his message to Congress,” which reminds
us that this is a good time for a large number of other
citizens to be working on messages of their own to this
law-making body. Congress represents the people, and
every Senator and Representative should he anxious to
know the wishes of his constituents. Make your “mes¬
sage” strong, definite and short. Sensible letters of this
type make Congressmen thoughtful.

*

The farmer who tries to sell a nervous, well-bred
trotting horse will think there is some mistake about the
great “boom” in horse flesh. It is harder to get value
out of such horses than out of any other good type.
The competition from autos and wheels comes hardest
against the light trotter which is good for nothing except
on a fine road before a light wagon. Heavier and
quieter horses are demanded. The coach horses and
Morgans and good colts of the draft breeds are in great
demand, and there is money in raising them. Our

advice to farmers is to let trotters alone. There is
more money in sheep than for some years past. Wool
is high and the number of sheep does not increase rap¬
idly. All over the world there seems to be a decline in
the number of sheep. In this country on January 1 of
this year there were 45,170,423 sheep against 63,964,876
three years ago, and 50,360,243 20 years ago. Yet the
sheep this year were worth $20,000,000 more than the
larger flocks of 20 years ago. With some plan that will
keep off the dogs there seems to be a good future for
sheep on farms where there is pasture.

*

I he village of Glencoe, Ill., a suburb of Chicago, is
getting even with the automobile road-hog by making
him “hump the humps,” having arranged a series of
elaborate “thank-you-ma’ams” in the road which, while
entirely harmless to ordinary traffic, are warranted to
throw anyone exceeding the speed limit out of his ma¬
chine. This practical object lesson has not been pop¬
ular with the record-breakers, hut a judicial court has
decided that the village is entirely within its rights, since
the now-famous bumps of Glencoe inflict no inconven¬
ience upon the law-abiding citizen, hut merely impress
the majesty of the law, visibly and corporeally, upon
the persons of those who defy its mandates. We com¬
mend the Glencoe form of retribution to those New
Jersey farmers who are said to be handing together to
send anti-automobile representatives to the State Leg¬
islature.

*

We recently mentioned a case where an express com¬
pany lost a package of live plants. We have written
again and again only to he told that the matter “is being
investigated.” Over 40 days ago we were told that the
“wheels are grinding” and that in a few days the case
would be settled. It is apparently further from settle¬
ment than ever. Usually people give up such things in
disgust, and endure the loss and annoyance rather than
keep after these express robbers. We shall not give
this case up. hut shall make life a burden to this com¬
pany until it either pays or refuses to pay for the prop¬
erty it has destroyed !

*

Last year the Postoffice Department sold 7,704,983,165
stamps, cards, etc., which were valued at $141,486,4S3.
The earnings were greater than ever before, and leaving
out the free rural delivery system the Department paid
its own expenses. The rural delivery system will also
pay when we have a parcels post. As we have often
pointed out, the income from rural delivery can be
greatly increased when country people are permitted to
send and receive packages at a fair rate. The carriers
can handle far more matter than they do now without
much extra cost, and the parcels post will be of greatest
value to farmers and rural people. Give us a parcels
post and the deficit in the Postoffice Department will
be wiped out.

*

Let everybody remember that the third Tuesday in
October is National Apple Day ! T he first general
observation of this holiday should be a notable one. No
general form of celebration has been worked out, hut
each apple grower or apple eater should plan to do
something for the apple. If the weather is favorable
we intend to spray a block of apple trees, plant a few
new ones and eat at least five good specimens on Apple
Day. 1 here should be apple in some form at every meal
in your home. In some places addresses on the apple
will be made at public schools, and good fruit will be
given to the pupils. Even the prisoners in jail shoul
be remembered. We may give them a green Ben Davis
and make them eat it as a punishment, or give them
some high-flavored apple as an inducement to get out
of jail and stay out. But celebrate the day, and talk
about it. It is a day of good feeling — let Mother cook
her best apple pie and Father call for three pieces !

*

Di ring the past month reading farmers have noticed
articles in the newspapers crying against railroad legis¬
lation. Last year there was a strong demand for legis¬
lation that would give the Interstate Commerce Com¬
mission power to make and enforce fair rates for haul¬
ing freight. At present the Commission can only sug¬
gest rate changes it has no power to enforce its own
rules. President Roosevelt favored this legislation, and
the great majority of farmers supported him. The
House of Representatives passed a bill which would
have helped, but the Senate killed it. Friends of the
railroads have now gone to work to try to show that
public sentiment has changed. Among other things we
are told that the National Farmers’ Congress failed to
call for such legislation. Hence they say farmers do no
want it. 1 his Congress does not and never did repre¬
sent the plain, working farmers. Whenever some gath¬
ering of agriculturists” is reported as against this
legislation you can be very sure that few of them
ever worked an Hour in the field. The real sentiment
of the country has not changed on this question. The
extortions of the railroads are grinding small producers,
and rebates’ are giving unfair advantage and special

privilege to some who least need help. The common
people understand this, and they see clearly that the
Government either through Congress or through a com¬
mission must have the power to correct the evil. This
power belongs to Congress under the Constitution, and
Congress has the right to delegate the power to a
commission. This is the situation in a nutshell and
President Roosevelt will find the country at his back
when he tells the next Congress what is wanted. The
present talk in the newspapers is largely for effect, and
really indicates the strength of the demand for rate
legislation.

*

Do nurserymen realize what it means to mix up the
labels on the trees they send to customers? It does
not seem so at times when the facts are put before
them. The following letter from a New York farmer
states the case :

In the Spring of 1902 I bought of the — Nursery about 500
trees. In the lot were a little over 100 peaches, mostly for
commercial purposes, hut thinking we might as well have
a good rotation for home use I ordered a few Mountain
Rose and Oldmixon Free. We were greatly surprised this
Summer when both of these supposed kinds bore late
yellow cling peaches. These trees were properly labeled
when they came. I took them myself and set in our home
plot, so I know there was no mistake on my part. I do not
wish to make any complaint, but you can imagine my feeling
with something like 300 apple trees of this lot still to
come into hearing, especially as they are in an experiment
to determine what varieties do best in this locality under
commercial conditions.

We know just exactly how this man feels. The
chances are that the apple trees are true to name, hut
what can he expect after the peach experiment? He
may be a man past middle life, to whom a few lost
years will mean much. We realize the chance for mak¬
ing mistakes in the nursery, but the nurserymen should
understand that it is no small matter to mix up his
labels. It will he poor recompense to give other young
trees in the place of these if fruitage shows them untrue
to name.

*

A farmer in a nearby State kept a herd of cows, and
sold milk at retail. He is an honest man and sold
honest milk, just as it comes from the cow! There are
always those who try to pull another down. Some one
complained that this man was watering his milk. An
inspector came to the farm, took one sample and gave
another to the farmer. Not understanding the case, this
farmer did not have his sample analyzed. He was tried
before a justice and fined $50, the evidence against him
being an analysis said to have been made by the inspec¬
tor. Analysis of the other sample would, we feel sure,
have proved the farmer’s innocence. When we heard
of the case we urged this farmer to refuse to pay the
fine and demand a new trial before a jury. This was
his privilege, but lie would not do it. We believe it to
have been a clear case of injustice, but this farmer
shrank from the publicity such a fight would give him.
Now that is just exactly where farmers have lost some
of their oldtime rights and permitted others to walk over
them. In the first place, this farmer should have
engaged a chemist to analyze that milk. He was up
against a law which can be hard and cruel in the hands
of those who want to make it so. Having failed in
this, he should have demanded a new trial and fought to
the last for his reputation and good name. We under¬
stand why farmers do not like to do such things. One
will be called a crank and worse names and subjected
to ridicule and abuse. It takes a brave man to face the
situation sometimes, yet it is a duty that a farmer owes
to himself and to his business to fight for his rights.

It is just this very failure to assert ourselves and use
the law for our protection that has made other classes
bold and led them to change the laws more and more in
their own favor.

BREVITIES.

Try the grape cure, even though you are not ailing.

Why not cut out the barrel of harcl cider this year?

Are the pullets roosting outdoors these chilly nights?

Some people get so that they regard habit as a moral
law.

Cornstalks left in the field until the snow flies are poor
fodder.

Blackbirds are said to be damaging corn in Iowa, though
the crop is unusually large.

Ventilation is good for some things — barns for example
—but bad for others — like certain ideas.

The latest recorded “cure” for consumption Is diluted
sea water, which is injected under the skin.

PEon.E often refer to the baked bean habit of New Eng¬
land. It is no more pronounced than the fried chicken
habit of the South. Both are good habits.

Out of 56,000,000 acres in Great Britain 45,000,000 are
used for farming and stock raising. The arable land
equals 18,000,000 acres and the pasture 27,000,000. Only
about one-tenth of the actual farm land is occupied by the
owners.

Several readers have asked about the manure spreader
which moved about the New l'ork State Fair grounds driven
by a gasoline engine. This spreader was not at work with
a load on soft ground, hut kept on the hard roads. So far
as wo know there is no farm machine yet that can be operated
in plowed ground with gasoline power.

1003.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

749

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — As a direct result of the action of the Gov¬
ernment in ordering the removal of fences from the public
domain and indicting cattlemen for illegal fencing, the Stand¬
ard Cattle Company, the largest cattle company in Nebraska,
and one of the largest in the world, will wind up its affairs.
The company has operated in Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana,
Texas and Indian Territory, and has done an enormous busi¬
ness. it. M. Alien, its manager, was recently indicted by
the Federal grand jury at Omaha. Neb., for alleged illegal
fencing of public lands. . . The grand jury of Ashtabula

County, Ohio, returned indictments September 27 against
twenty-eight tire Insurance agents of the county, representing
63 different tire Insurance companies, and against Albert
Koss of Columbus,' of the inspection bureau maintained by the
companies. The agents are charged in the indictments with
violating the anti trust laws of Ohio. It is alleged that they
have formed an organization for the maintenance of rates,
and that all competition in the business is destroyed by
their agreements. . . . Henry Ambrose Leonard, a “run¬

ner" for the brokerage firm of Halle & Stieglitz at 20 Broad
street, the son of a former police sergeant and a member
of the Y. M. C. A., has confessed to the police and the Pinker¬
tons that he is the person who robbed the National City Bank
of New York, September 27. of $359,000 worth of securities
by presentation of a forged check. All the stolen securities
have been returned. Leonard told the police that he robbed
the bank to demonstrate the careless manner in which bank¬
ing business is done and to show how easy it was to cheat
an institution like the City Bank of some of the millions
of securities daily passed in and out of its loan department.
He mailed $260,000 worth of the securities on the night of
the robbery to the house of Dyer Pearl, senior member of the
firm. He says that he only kept the others — the negotiable
ones — because they were too big to put in the envelope.
The detectives do not believe his story. They say that every¬
thing shows that he had carefully studied out the crime
before he committed it. with the evident idea that he could
market at least some of the securities and escape detection.

Judge Mack of Chicago, decided September 29, in
favor of the village of Glencoe. Ill., in the mandamus pro¬
ceedings brought by James A. Patten of Evanston to com¬
pel the removal of the “automobile humps” in Sheridan road
and other highways in the North Shore suburb. In giving
his decision. Judge Mack touched on the automobile speed
ordinance of the village of Glencoe, declaring it legal. The
automobile obstructions have been so placed that a machine
running at legal speed suffers no inconvenience, while scorch
ers are thrown into the air. . . . Announcement was

made September 29 that Attorney General Wade II. Ellis is
to investigate the Harvester Trust in Ohio, and if he finds
that the trust is violating the Ohio anti-trust law will bring
action to oust t He trust from the State. Mr. Ellis received
a petition, signed by farmers near Millersburg. asking him
to bring action that “will bring relief from the oppression
and monopolistic prices forced upon farmers by the Inter¬
national Harvester Company.” The petition names the
McCormick Harvester Company, the Deering Harvester Com¬
pany. the Plano Manufacturing Company and Warder. Bush-
nell & Glessner. . . . John D. Rockefeller's representa¬

tive, F. T. Gates, turned over October 2 to the General Edu¬
cation Board the $10,000,000 which Mr. Rockefeller promised
to give the board on June 30 last for higher education. Mr.
Rockefeller, in announcing the gift, reserved the option of
paying either in cash or in income producing securities at
their market value. He elected to pay in cash in order that
the hoard might he entirely free in the matter of investing
the fund. The amount was turned over to the board in
eight checks drawn on various institutions carrying Rocke¬
feller deposits. Six of the checks were for $1,o0o,o0o each,
and two for $2,000,000 each.

THE BEEF PACKERS. — Many technical obstacles inter¬
posed by the beef packers who are defending themselves
against Federal indictments charging them with restraint
of trade were cleared away September 29. when Judge Hum¬
phrey, in the United States Court, sustained the Govern¬
ment's demurrer to the defendants’ plea in abatement. It
is said that the packers may move to quash the indictments
on the ground of insufficient allegations to support the
charge. A jury for the trial of the beef cases will be drawn
probably about October 15. The plea in abatement disposed
of attacked the alleged secrecy maintained about the drawing
of the Grand Jury. It was alleged that the names of the
jurymen, after they had been drawn, were withheld from the
defendants. Another plea was that an unauthorized person
had been in the Grand Jury room and took stenographic
notes. Later these notes were transcribed and returned to the
jury for its consideration. . . Testimony in opposi¬

tion to that of various western railroad officers was given
before the Interstate Commerce Commission September 29,
by President E. I*. Ripley, of the Atchison. Topeka and
Santa Fe Railroad. He declared that the rate on dressed
beef between Kansas City and Chicago should be 150 per
cent higher than the rate on live stock. He said it cost
less money to carry live stock than packing house products,
and that the expense to the Santa Fe road for hauling a car

of dressed meat from Kansas City t» Chicago, is $82.19;
packing house products, $85.03. and live stock. $64.77. . .

Commissioner Warren of Philadelphia, ordered September
29, that warrants be issued against Philadelphia repre¬
sentatives of several western packing houses. The crusade
against firms connected with the Beef Trust is the result of
exposures in the prosecution of Swift & Co. for selling impure
and adulterated sausage to a dealer, who, in turn, sold the
stuff at the League Island Navy Yard. The local represen¬
tative of Armour & Co., at Greensburg. Pa., pleaded guilty
September 28 to selling minced ham preserved with boric
acid. He was fined $50 and costs.

AMERICAN P0M0L0GICAL SOCIETY.

Part I.

The twenty-ninth biennial meeting of the American
Pomological Society was held in Kansas City September
19-21. More than two hundred members and delegates were
present, this representation covering a large territory. Six¬
teen hundred plates of fine fruit were on the tables. Ell-
wanger & Barry of Rochester, N. Y., with 124 varieties of
pears; Florida with an exhibit of tropical fruit; Alabama
with a most wonderful showing of persimmons: New
Mexico with all kinds of fruit; Washington and Colorado
with fruit from irrigated land, and the intermediate States
comnleted the show. Missouri had fruit of the crops ol'
1903, 1904 and 1905, all in good condition, which was a
valuable object lesson in the possibilities of cold storage.
In the absence of President Hale and Vice-President Gar¬
field, C. I;. Watrous, of Des Moines, Iowa, was made chair¬
man of the meeting. W. II. Barnes, of Topeka, Kansas, on
behalf of the Kansas State Horticultural Society, presented
the chair with a gavel for use during the meeting made
from wood taken from a pear tree planted by Marshall
Wilder, whose name is known and honored wherever the
word “pomology" is spoken, lie was the first President of
this society and presided over its deliberations for 25 years.
Words of greeting by Mayor Neff. Kansas City, and Senator
Dunlap, of Illinois, were happily responded to by Parker
Earle, of New Mexico. In his report Secretary Craig spoke
of the increased interest of the work along all lines, which
has been going steadily forward for more than half a cen¬
tury. Each volume of the reports is more valuable than
those preceding it. He suggested that all pomological and
horticultural societies meet and affiliate with this one. The
society has 198 life members and 384 biennial members.

“Americana Plums in Kansas,” was introduced by Prof.
Albert Dickens, Kansas Agricultural College. The first set¬
tlers found two varieties of plums growing in the State.
The Americana needs no excuse for it. It is a good a 1 1 -
'round plum, a fine cooker, and giving regular resuits. The
Wyant has proved worthy in many places. "Marketing
Plums,” by F. II. Marshal, Madison. Wis., followed: he
said that the market for plums ought to be carefully worked
up in advance: the plums packed in boxes or baskets sold
at once, as they do not hold up long. Begin to work up a
market before the fruit is ready. Arrange with grocers in
nearby towns to receive sample baskets and take orders.
Get out some leaflets and distribute, giving recipes for cook¬
ing. Have it printed in the local paper and put one in
every basket you place on the market. After a trade is
started it will grow faster than the trees will. Prof.
Green, Minnesota, spoke very highly of the Surprise plum
for planting in the Northern States, he believes it the most
valuable one they have. Mr. Elliott, same State, also con¬
siders t lie Surprise the best they now have. That State is
offering a prize for a plum with certain qualifications, which
would provide a suitable variety for extended and general
planting. The Ocheeda was named as of the best quality.
Mr. Kirkpatrick. Texas, said his Slate grew a great variety
of plums. 'Ihe Americanas grow wild there, and ^ome show
a great age. The Japan class do well there, and experi¬
ments with crossing with the Japans have given fine results.
The Gonzales, a cross of this kind, is particularly fine; good
quality, large, attractive color, selling well. T. V. Munson,
Texas, has tried all kinds, and finds that many of the Ameri¬
canas winter-kill. A warm spell in the Winter starts
growth: then the cold weather following kills the trees.
Newton is one of the best of these plums. It should not be
confused with Newtown, or Newman. Miner is a near ap¬
proach to this, nearly perfect in fruiting qualities, and does
not winter-kill. Among varieties of Japans which do espe-
daily well are following, named in the order of their fruit¬
ing: Red June. Abundance. Burbaak. Normand and Chabot.
America is constantly prolific, crimson when ripe, good qual¬
ity. looks well and sells well. Gold resembles it but not so
high colored. European class are failure there. Mr. Dixon.
Kansas, has tried all the Japans, and none of them will
stand ills climate. Mr. Coburn stated that the western
slope of Colorado successfully raised all kinds, while the
eastern part raises mostly natives. There is but little mar¬
ket for them except for canners. and they have other fruits
which are more easily handled and make them just as much
money. All fruit colors late there. Jonathan apples did
not get their color till about October 10. They pack their
apples in bushel boxes, which Mr. Coburn said was the onlv
kind of a package for good fruit, and it brought them from

$2.50 to $4 a box. President Watrous said these discus¬
sions emphasize the fact that the grower must learn what
varieties do best in his locality ; it is easier to adapt a south¬
ern fruit to northern climates than vice versa.

ALMA L. MOORE.

CROP PROSPECTS.

Buyers are paying $2.50 per barrel for King and $2 for
Greening, the buyer to furnish barrel and pack them ; or
$1.60 per 100 pounds for King and $1.30 for Greening.

Trumansburg, N. Y. d u. p.

Apple prices vary much, owing to the varieties. Orchards
containing Spy and Baldwins or any fancy eating apple
command better figures. I have about one-third a crop;
have been offered $2.25 for the fruit. Not yet sold. J.

Yates Co., N. Y.

The farmers of this section (Hillsdale Co.) have had a
very successful year. Hay, oats and corn have been a big
crop; wheat about two-thirds crop. The blight struck the
potatoes this year for the first time. Pastures are good
and stock doing well. F. X. w.

Moscow, Mich-

Potatoes in this section are not more than 50 to 60 per
cent of crop. We would like to hear from Michigan and
I he State of Maine, especially Aroostook county. If con¬
ditions are all over the country as your correspondence re¬
ports there will not be over 50 to 65 per cent of a general
crop of potatoes. J. tv. k.

Glen Wilton, Va.

Good No. 1 Fall and Winter apples are selling for $3 per
barrel. Some have sold entire crops of apples, in bulk, as
they come from the trees. Prices ranging from $1.25 to
$1.50 per 100 pounds. The apple crop as a whole is light
in my locality. We shall harvest but about 1,000 barrels
from our orchard of 65 acres. E. h. g.

Holley, N. Y.

Apple buyers in different localities have different meth¬
ods of buying and handling fruit. In this locality the rule
is for the" apple buyer to pay a certain price for the No. 1
apples, in the orchard. The buyer furnishes the barrels,
sends men to pack them and takes charge of them at car or
cold storage. Occasionally they fake the seconds at a pro¬
portionately lower figure, and sometimes make the price
so much right through taking both firsts and seconds. The
seller has to pick the apples, draw the empty barrels from
car to orchard, board the packers and deliver packed apples
to car or storage. The prices being paid at present are $2
per barrel for green fruit and $2.25 for red. with fancy red
bringing as high as $2.50. Some orchards that have only a
few green apples in bring $2.25 right through, and some
have sold firsts and seconds together for $2 per barrel. As
these prices are good and it means but one handling and
money as soon as delivered many have already sold : some
who are in the habit of shipping their own fruit selling to
buyers this season. Crop very light, with an occasional
orchard well loaded. Quality better than expected early in
the season. o. R. s.

Saratoga, Co., N. Y.

APPLE CROP IN CENTRAL OHIO. — We have practically
no apples here; will have no buyers. The local markets
must be supplied from abroad. The “weather man" got
the elements badly tangled up last Spring: we got our April
weather in March, and our March weather in April ; it was
reported to be the warmest March in 34 years. I have
lived on the banks of our beautiful Olentangy River since
1834, and have no recollection of such fine March weather.
By the last of the month vegetation of all kinds was a
month ahead, but we got our March weather in April. On
the 17th, when most of the apple trees were in full bloom
ice formed half an inch thick. We had the bloom for a
full crop, but will only harvest a few thousand bushels.
This failure comes to us after 11 consecutive good crops.
All the orchard work, spraying, etc., was done in the most
thorough manner, just as if a good crop was expected. I
doubt sometimes if the orchardist realizes the importance
of thorough spraying; there is no doubt but it is an indirect
fertilizer, in addition to destroying the orchard pests. No
plant can develop well without good healthy foliage: much
less can the trees made a good growth, form fruit buds for
another year, and ripen a good crop of apples. Our trees
never were in finer condition at this season of the year
(minus the apples), with fruit buds well formed for the
next crop. All other tree fruits share the same fate except
peaches. This has been the problem of the season — how
they escaped — the trees are literally breaking down, and
this is not a peach county either. My version of this is
because that the peach is an early bloomer, its colors were
out in March : the little, things grew rapidly and were just
peeping out of their yellow jackets, which protected them
from harm, when hardier fruits in bloom on April 17 were
frozen to death. Blessings sometimes come in disguise. I
am very sure the beautiful month of March without a
single honeycomb frost, saved our wheat crop in central
Ohio. It is not best to worry much about what we cannot
help, better think of our own mistakes and not repeat
(hem. F. P. VERGON.

“Getting the Streaks Out 99

Any washer, properly used, should do that,
but how much labor does it take ?

If you were required to shovel half a toil of coal every wash day in addition
to the necessary work of washing, you would rise in revolt, yet you are doing
its full equivalent in the washboard grind or in handling the heavy covers or
watersoaked agitators, rubbers and operating devices in other washers. Here’s
where the “Air Pressure Principle” app ied in the perfected

Syracuse “Easy” Washer

cuts out unnecessary labor. The “ Easy ” is made to save
work. It shortens the hours of washday, and gets rid of all
the cumbersome features of other washers. Air Pressure,
forcing the suds through the fabric, makes the streaks dis¬
appear like magic and saves the clothes. The ‘ ‘ Easy”
weighs 28 lbs. , is on rollers so the woman can move it.

It makes her independent of the man on wash day.

Made of galvanized steel, will neither shrink, swell,
rust nor leak. Sanitary as porcelain. Unlike suds-soaked
wooden tubs and washers, there is no retention of germs
or filth, no disagreeable odors, nothing cumbersome
or clumsy about It,.

Send for our free book of “Modern Laundry Formulas” and learn
how washing, scalding and bleaching are done in one operation.

Send for the washer on

30 Days’ Free Trial

freight prepaid. Learn how suds is forced through the fabric by
air pressure— how the clothes are perfectly cleansed without friction
on the clothes or on the operator. After 30 days’ trial return the ma¬
chine at our expense and grind out the clothes at your expeuse, or
keep the machine and save the clothes.

DODGE & ZUILL, 539 South Clinton Street, Syracuse, N. Y.

Monarch

e®.

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
saw mills, thresh¬
ers. Catalog free.
Monarch Machinery Co., Room 161, 39 Cortlandt St.. New York.

NO PAINTING REQUIRED

on Arrow Itrand
Asphalt Ktadjr
Routing. CanLe
easily laid, as

the work only „ . , ,

consists of nailing and cementing joints.

Samples and prices free.

ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO.

80 Pine Street Xew York City

lieware of cheap imitations made from Tar.

lO Lights
lO Hours
lO Cents

I Name.
Town

Make Your Own Light

The Fairbanks-Morse Electric Light Outfit gives
plenty of good light at a moderate cost.

Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes,
from 2 h, p. up.

Cutout complete advertisement and send to

Fairbanks, Morse 6* Co.,

Monroe St., CHlce.go, Ill.

Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. C 598
Gasoline Engines.

I may want. . h. p. to run.

_ Street No . .

. State

Rifles For All Kinds of Hunting.

Winchester rifles are not the choice of any one special class, but of all
intelligent sportsmen who go to the woods, the plains, or the mountains
in quest of game. They are designed to handle ail calibers and types of
cartridges, to meet the requirements of all kinds of shooting, and can always
be counted on to shoot where they are pointed when the trigger is pulled.
Winchester rifles and Winchester cartridges are made for one another.

FREE: Send, name and address on a postal card for our large illustrated catalogue.
WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., ----- NEW HAVEN, CONN.

75o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 14,

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

IN OU) AGE.

My Autumn time and Nature's hold
A dreamy tryst together.

And both grown old about us fold
The golden tissued weather.

I lean my heart against the day
To feel its bland caressing :

I will not let it pass away
Before it leaves its blessing.

God's angels come not as of old
The Syrian shepherds knew them !

In reddening dawns, in sunset gold.

And warm noon lights I view them.

Nor need there is. in time like this.
When Heaven to earth draws nearer,

Of wing or song as witnesses
To make their presence clearer.

— Whittier, “St. Martin's Summer.”

*

In addition to the convenient bread-
makers one can now buy a cake mixer,
which consists of a tin mixing bowl hav¬
ing a paddle similar to that in an ice
cream freezer clamped in place. 1 he
paddle or dasher is geared so that turn¬
ing the handle heats the hatter with very
little effort. Any sort of hatter is quickly
mixed with this appliance. In medium
size it costs $1.75.

*

Trying recently to remove fresh stains
of cooked tomato from white linen, we
found that boiling water, our usual rem¬
edy, did not move the stains at all. Chlo¬
ride of lime was then sifted over the
stains, and the material dashed up and
down in the hot water. The stains disap¬
peared as though by magic ; the fabric
was thoroughly rinsed and dried as usual.
Some ammonia should be used in the rins¬
ing water to neutralize the powerful acids
contained in the chloride of lime, and
thus lessen the risk of rotting the fabric.
Of course it would not he safe to try this
treatment on colored material, as the
bleaching agent would he likely to remove
the color.

*

Cider can he sterilized like grape juice,
and thus kept perfectly sweet. Filter as
it comes from the press, and put into ster¬
ilized (thoroughly scalded) bottles with
the corks set in loosely. The bottles are
placed in a boiler with cloths or sticks
crisscrossed laid in the bottom as in can¬
ning fruit, and steamed for 15 minutes at
1 GO degrees in water reaching half way
up to the necks. It is only possible to
gauge the degree of heat with a dairy
thermometer, which costs about 25 cents.
If the bottles are ranged closely together
in the steamer, wrap cloths around each.
After steaming the prescribed time take
off the lid of steamer and let stand 24
hours ; repeat the process a second and a
third time. The bottles are tightly corked
while still hot. and after cooling the corks
are dipped in hot wax. A friend in Ohio
says they keep their cider sweet by put¬
ting a pound of mustard seed in each bar¬
rel of cider.

*

Dr. Thomas John Barnardo. who died
recently in London, will be mourned by a
great family to whom he stood in the
place of a father. He was an Irish doc¬
tor, who nearly 40 years ago, when a
young medical student, became interested
in the destitute children of the London
streets. In 1866 he secured hoarding
places for a few, and established his first
home in 1867. Out of this grew a great
philanthropic work, with nearly one hun¬
dred institutions in different cities, which
have cared for more than sixty thousand
homeless children, and sent sixteen thou¬
sand of them to Canada and the British
colonies for new homes. Dr. Barnardo
fottnded a village for girls in Ilford, in
1873. where there are fifty-two cottages;
Her Majesty’s Hospital for Sick Waifs, in
1887, and the Young Helpers’ League in
18111. In carrying on his great work Dr.
Barnardo wrote many magazine articles

and booklets, and edited The National
Waifs’ Magazine and The Young Helpers'
League Magazine. He was the author of
“Something Attempted, Something Done,”
and “The Rescue of the Waif.” A medal
and a diploma were conferred on him by
the Societe Nationale d'Encouragement

du Bien of Paris. He was a fellow of the
Royal College of Surgeons, of Edinburgh,
and of the Royal Geographical Society.
Dr. Barnardo was always an advocate of
the family idea in caring for waifs, form¬
ing small numbers of them into cottage
homes, instead of herding them in great
institutions. No philanthrophy can be
more worthy than that which transforms
the derelict waif into* a useful and self-
respecting member of society, and many
a community has reason to bless the work
whose result is embodied in Dr. Bar-
nardo's children.

*

Thf. chemisette with cuffs to match is
likely to hold favor in the Winter, and
many of the new readymade waists are
made for such wear. Of course some¬
thing must he worn under filmy lingerie
chemisettes to protect the throat and chest .
from Winter winds. The cuffs for wear
with such sets are usually very deep, due
to the sleeves with close-fitting forearm or
long tight cuffs now worn. Among new
stocks a popular model is a silk stock with
an adjustable pique turnover and tab
drawn down through a slit strap in the
front. Small pearl buckles are used on
some of the stocks, to match the belt

5131 Misses’ Seven Gored Skirt,
1 2 to 16 years.

buckles. It is unfortunate that so many
women put their stocks on untidily. The
majority trust to feeling alone, and never
use a hand glass to see whether the ends
are straight or whether the collar band is
covered. Some of the tailor-made stocks
have small tape tabs with a buttonhole in¬
side at the hack, so that they can be fas¬
tened to a collar button, hut these are not
usually very comfortable. Our plan is
first to fit the under end of the stock
exactly to the collar hand, and pin it
firmly in place with a common pin. The
overlapping end is then drawn firmly over

this, hiding the plain pin, and is then
firmly fastened by two fancy pins, which
hold it to the under end at both top and
bottom. After experimenting with hooks
and similar fastenings, we have finally
settled upon pins as the most reliable
thing for stocks. .

Dieiz Lanterns

Before you buy, post up a little on lanterns.
Our free catalogue will help you. When
you 'have made your choice, your dealer
will supply you. If not, we will. If you
know the

The Rural Patterns.

The blouse and skirt shown this week,
Nos. 5025 and 5131. would combine to
make a very pretty Winter suit for a
young girl. The waist is trimmed to
give a suspender effect. It is made with
fronts and back only, and is finished with
the regulation shirt waist plait at the
center front. The sleeves are the new
ones in shirt style, tucked at the wrists,
and can either he finished with the cuffs
or without as may be liked, while choice
also is allowed of a turnover or stock
collar. The quantity of material for the
medium size (14 years) is 4(4 yards 21,
3(4 yards 27 or 1)4 44 inches wide, with
l3A yard of handing to trim as illustrated.
The pattern 5025 is cut in sizes for misses
of 12, 14 and 16 years; price 10 cents.

The skirt is cut in seven gores with ex¬
tensions at the lower portions that form
the plaits. The straps are shaped and ar¬
ranged over the edges of the plaits, serv¬
ing the practical end of covering them
neatly at the same time that they make
effective trimming. The fullness at the
hack is laid in inverted plaits. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size (14 years) is (i'/2 yards 27 inches
wide, V/2 yards 44 inches or 3(4 yards 52
inches wide. The pattern 5131 is cut in
sizes for misses of 12, 14 and 16 years of
age; price 10 cents.

Dietz Cold Blast Lantern

you will have no other kind. Handy, easy
filling, long burning, safe, clean. Burns a
strong, steady flame, the result of using
pure fresh air. Another great big reason
is the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

You get the whole story in the catalogue.
Ask for it.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1SU0.

Don’t Monkey

with your face. Use
nothing but the safe, com¬
forting

WILLIAMS’ iH3viNS

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

What is the beginning? Love. What the
course? Love still.

What the goal? The goal is Love on the
happy hill.

Is there nothing then hut Love, search we sky
or earth?

There is nolhing out of Love hath perpetual
worth :

All things flag hut only Love, all things fail
or flee :

There is nothing left but Love worthy you
and me. — Christina G. Rossetti.

Save Half Your Fuel

BY USINQ THE

ROCHESTER

RADIATOR

F its any Stove or Furnace.
Write for booklet on beating homes.
sqo Rochester Radiator Co.

, Furnace 8U, Kochester,fuY»

Pricefrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond,
there is no better stove or range made, and
save you from $5 to $40 on every purchase, be¬
cause we save you all middlemen’s, jobbers' and

doalnrc’ nrnfife Wp'rp m Amifarturprs. not "mail-

dealers’ profits. We’re manufacturers, not "mail¬
order dealers;” we own and operate one of the
largest and best equipped stove factories in the
world, we guarantee the high quality of our
product and ship on trial.

POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No.

Oven
Thermometer

114.

SEND A

Exai^ne our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low price and save
from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Froiqht Prepaid, blacked, polished and ready for use.
All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

WE
PAY

THE KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

FREIGHT U'e probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

I

without warming closet or reservoir. With high warming closet, por¬
celain lined reservoir, just as shown In cut, S 1 3.95. Made with large
oven, six No. 8 cooking holes, regular 8-18 size — body made of cold rolled
steel plate. Burns wood or coal. All nickel parts highly polished.
m ■■ M are the most liberal ever made. You can pay after

nilD I §■ MM V you receive the range. You can take It Into your
uun | ^ 1 1 |f | own home, use It 30 days. If you do not llnd It exact-
as represented, theblggest bargain you ever saw, equal to stoves sold at
our price, return it to us, and we will pay freight both ways.

«l|. tu 1C in nilTfcSend it to us and we will raaltyou FREE our
UU I I HIO AU UU I i new special Stove Catalogue, describing this
handsome steel range. Also the most complete line of stoves and ranges in
the world. All shown In large Illustrations, full descriptions, at prices much
lower than any one else can make you. Catalog explains our terms fully.
nnUIT nil V ■ ‘ CTHIIC of any kind untllyou get our now large stove c»l«-
UUN I BUT A olUoL logueand read about our wonderful stove offers.
Most liberal terms and lowest prices ever made. Also explains how to order

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO.

Wholesale Prices

Freight

Paid

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade for nearly
fifty years. In every town where they are not now on sale, we will sell
direct to the user, the

Gold Coin Stoves

(Ranges also) at their wholesale price, sent on approval, safely de¬
livered, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to put in your home. No
stoves are better made or more highly endorsed. They allow no waste of
fuel; are handsomely ornamented and guaranteed to please you. No stove
offer is made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not satisfied. This
is the first proposition of this kind ever made by a manufacturer ol a
Standard Trade-Marked Stove.

An old customer writes: “Gold Coin is good enough for
me. I have^sed mine 28 years and it's good yet."

illustrated Catalogue Free describes our full line of Gold Com

Ranges and Heating Stoves. Write for it to-day.

THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successor to Bussey and McLeod, Est. 1860)

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

75 1

Autumn In the Garden.

It is to be hoped that the good old cus¬
tom of giving and exchanging plants and
cuttings is not destined to go wholly out
of vogue. There seems to be a good deal
less of such friendly exchange than was
common a generation ago, when our
mothers and everybody's mother had
nearly identical beds of low Irises, May
pinks, striped grass, double buttercups and
bleeding hearts. Early Autumn is the
season when such dear, homely, hardy
things are best transplanted, so suppose
we go over our floral possessions to see
what there is to give away. Any neglect¬
ed clumps of daffodils will be benefited
by resetting. Now, while the bulbs are
at rest is the time to turn them out and
reset in fresh rows. A double line of
bulbs six inches apart, in alternating suc¬
cession, makes a pretty border alongside
taller growing plants which will cover the
ground with spreading foliage after the
daffodils’ Spring time glory is past. Ex¬
perience has li^J me to think that it is
not always the very largest bulbs that are
surest in bloom, the fresh, medium-sized
ones being more likely to give flowers
the following Spring. Colonies of small
bulbs set in all sorts of places have come
into bloom in a few years, and have made
us rich in golden handfuls to give away.
Daffodils keep their freshness so well, and
there is no city friend but joys in having
a sheaf of them with plenty of their own
slender foliage. We have the old doublc-
vellow, the single of the same shade, and
a straw colored and orange sort ; also two
kinds of white Narcissus. In the cata¬
logues they are listed as Van Sion, Etoile
d’Or, Double Incomparable, Poeticus and
Albus Plenus Odoratus. All are per¬
fectly hardy and faithfully persistent, so
that a few bulbs may be reckoned a per¬
manent investment. Though my acquaint¬
ance with double white and Poeticus dates
back a good many seasons, it has to be
owned that all my experimenting in
changes of soil and situation has never
yet brought an every-year success. Some
seasons we have plenty of double white
blossoms and all the Poeticus blooms
blast in their brown husks when appar¬
ently just ready to open. Again, Poeticus
is glorious and all the double whites per¬
ish unseen. Partial shade, wind-breaks,
improvised shelters, have all been tried,
til! now we merely thank the season for
whatever it proves favorable to, and are
content that our supply of bulbs increases
teadily. One more Narcissus should be
included among hardy standbys, the little
fragrant yellow jonquil or Polyanthus
which bears several blossoms on each
stalk. It is proving hardy and sufficiently
persistent to be useful to busy people not
expert gardeners.

If one can give a carefully prepared,
well-drained bed there’s nothing sure to
yield richer returns than a collection of
hardy lilies. Our first Auratum was the
pride of our hearts for days; everyone
knows the beautiful Speciosums as Japan
lilies, brth the pure white and the Rub-
rum ; double tiger is interesting ; the dear
old Candidum a joy forever, and every
sort in the dealer’s list worthy of patient
cultivation. Our first venture in lily cul¬
ture was made on an open part of the
lawn, the earth excavated and a cartload
of stones buried beneath to insure thor¬
ough drainage, then good soil atop and
as much love and care as was ever lav¬
ished on a flower bed ; the lilies responded
well, and were a delight till the roots of
elm trees found the comfortable feeding
ground, and the hed had to be abandoned.

One of the Hemerocallis or Day lilies
seen recently in a friend’s garden appeals
to me as one of the must-haves. The
catalogues call it Kwanso, double-flow¬
ered folia variegata. It has the soft col¬
oring of what we call “old house lilies,”
and foliage prettily striped with white.
No one can afford to be without a clump
or two of Funkia, and this is a plant of
which one can always spare a root for a
friend’s garden, for the plants grow un¬
wieldy in size if left too long undisturbed.

When you find just the right place for the
low variegated sort there's nothing pret¬
tier than the contrast of its striped foli¬
age. The old-fashioned, slender blue (it
is really lavender) sort is one of the
hardiest of perennials, and a handful of
its blossoms surrounded with their leaves
and sprays of feathery white Clematis
paniculata makes a charming bouquet,
whatever fashion may say of only one sort
of flower in a vase. The large white flow¬
ered Funkia (always called “Day lily’ in
my locality, despite books and botanists)
gains much if seen against a background
of dark green, or if growing close to scar¬
let Salvia. It likes a deep rich soil and
can scarcely receive too much water in
Summer. prudence primrose.

The Bookshelf.

Sporting Sketches, by Edwyn Sandys,
The sketches included in this volume have
mostly been published in Outing, though
some of them aonear now for the first
time. They treat of fishing, shooting and
woodcraft generally, and are written with
a freshness of feeling and enthusiasm that
make them delightful reading. Mr. San¬
dys is both naturalist and sportsman, ancl
appeals as an author to every lover of all
outdoors. Well bound in cloth, crown
octavo; published by the Macmillan Com¬
pany, New York; price $1.75 net; postage
nine cents additional.

The Fair Maid of Graystones, by
Beulah Marie Dix. This author has again
taken the middle of the seventeenth cen¬
tury for her field, among the turbulent
days of the great Civil War in England.
There is a Royalist hero, thrown by a
mistake in identity into a Cromwellian
family; a missing will and a persecuted
heroine; hair’s-breadth ’scapes by flood
and field, a forced marriage, and final hap¬
piness in the quaint old manor house
wherein John Hetherington met so many
misadventures. The story is well told
and will take a firm hold upon the reader.
Published by the Macmillan Company,
New York; price $1.50.

When you're feelin’ grouchy
Let l lie sunshine in :

When your face gits feelin' hard
Crack it with a grin.

Don’t be 'fraid of wrinkles,

Tear loose with your mirth :

An old face laughter-wrinkled
Is the sweetest thing on earth.

— Houston Post.

Take the pang
out of Winter

Be ready at the turn of a valve to
make June of January in cottage,
house, office, store, church, etc.

Those who remember last Win¬
ter’s cold — and those who like to
begin the day right by rising, bath¬
ing, dressing and breakfasting in
cozily warmed rooms — and those
who know what it means to have
warm corners and warm floors for
children’s play— and those who
know what cold, drafty hallways cost
them each winter in discomfort and
doctor’s calls — and everybody else
who lives in our Florida-to-Green-
land-in-twelve-hours climate —
should all know there is but one way
out — the only sure cure is an outfit of

They evenly warm ALL of the building. The fire
keeps all night. Outfit pays for itself in fuel and
labor savings. Absence of dust and ashes from the
living rooms also takes the “pang" out of house¬
work. Easier to run than a stove.

IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are
made in sizes to warm any building— OLD or new,
FARM or city. Put in without disturbing building
or occupants. Need not connect to street water pipes.
Our outfit outwears the building— needs no repairs.
Can be changed in size if building is rebuilt. Makes
the property easier to rent or to sell. Your neigh¬
bors will tell you of their satisfaction and fuel sav¬
ings, but you will need our valuable book to choose
from. Mailed free to those who will tell us the size
and kind of building they wish to heat. IDEAL
Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are warehoused
in all parts of America and Europe.

Dept. 9. CHICAGO.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

House
that Heath
built

Two years ago Alexander Heath,
of Boston, determined that there
should be more subscribers for

The Saturday
Evening Post

in that citv and its suburbs than in
any city in the country. Fie wanted
to build a new home and determined
that The Post should pav for it.
Both results have been accomplished.
Here is the home — paid for entirely
through work for that magazine.

Wh.it he accomplished you can duplicate.
The publishers are ready to announce one of
the greacest offers ever made for woik for
The Ladies’ Home Journal and The
Saturday Evening Post. In addition to
a liberal payment for every subscription or
renewal secured

$42,000

will be given to 2700
Persons

this winter and spring — a part each month
— just as an extra incentive to good work.
No experience necessary ; no expense in¬
volved. Write for full details.

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Banner Lye

No. 251.

Bookcases at Factory Cost

Save hi to By Buying Direct.

Why should you pav the big prices demanded by your
local furniture dealer when you can buy goods of the
same or better quality direct from the factory
and save from one-third to
oua-balf in your purchase.
You can do this. We give
you a greater stock to select
from and guarantee sat¬
isfaction or refund
your money and pay
the freight both ways.
Look at this handsome
combination bookcase
and writing desk, No. 251.
It is solidly built of spe¬
cially selected oak, 49inches
high, 2d inches wide and
finely finished in Golden
Oak. Exactly like cut. Desk,
when open, is held firm by
strong chains. This desk-
bookcase is regularly sold
by dealers at $6 50. Our
price, dnect from factory
and GUARANTEED, only
$-4 38.

Ourbookease No. 37, built of oak, is 62 inches high
and .10 inches wide with three deep adjustable shelves.
This case is beautmniy finished in Golden Oak
and artistically carved It is a very
serviceable piece of furniture and
adds greatly to the appearance of
any home. This bookcase is regu¬
larly sold by dealers at $7.50. Our
price, direct trom factory ami
GUARANTEED, only $f.9S.

Complete Furniture Line.

Our new illustrated house furn¬
ishings catalogue will show you a
complete line ot' furniture and
everything needed in fitting up_a
home, at prices on which we defy
competition, quality considered.

Send for new catalogue to day.

CASH SUPPLY & MFC. CO„

482 Lawrence Sq., Kalamazoo, M ich. No. 37.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES i PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N.Y.

VELLASTIC UNDERWEAR.

A New Kind of Undergarment that is Fast
Coming Into Universal Use.

In the stores this winter may he seen the
new style of underwear made by the Utica
Knitting Company, and known as Vellastic
Utica Ribbed Fleece Underwear.

By reason of its low price — fifty cents a
garment — and its superior quality, this line of
underwear is coming into great demand.

Its elasticity, which results from Us rib
feature, combined with its warm fleece, makes
Vellastic I'tica Ribbed Fleece especially de¬
sirable for persons whose work involves much
bodily movement or exposure io the weather.

Vellastic i'tica Ribbed Fleece Underwear
always retains its shape and elasticity in
washing, and Hie fleece its downy softness.

Men's garments are a revelation of comfort
to men who wear them for t lie first time.

Men’s and women’s garments at 50c each:

w. children’s - sizes

ifl union suits 50c,
/" . * * in lwo P'ece suits.

' ‘‘ ' *■ V' ”5e the garment.

The trade mark.
Vellastic Utica
Ribbed Fleece,
is sewed on every
garment. If your
dealer does not
have them, write
us, giving his
name. Booklet
andsample of fabric

1iticAv

Made under Fabric
Pat 603164 Aor?6’9&

is different

from old-style lye and is put up in patent
safety easy-to-use cans.

Banner Lye is the cheapest and best
cleaner and disinfectant, and comes in
handy every day in the week. It is odor¬
less and colorless, and makes your cellar,
kitchen — your whole house — clean with lit¬
tle work. It also makes your milk-pails,
butter-tubs, dairy and all kitchen utensils
sweet and sanitary.

Makes purest soap

without boiling or large kettles — nothing
could be easier or cheaper. A 10-cent can
of Banner Lye , 5)4 lbs. of kitchen grease,
and in ten minutes’ time the soap is ready,
and you have 10 pounds of hard soap or
20 gallons of soft soap.

Get Banner Lye from your grocer. Write
to us for free book, “ Uses of Banner Lye.

The l’eimChemtcsil Works Philadelphia U S A

free, i’tica Knitting Company, Utica, N. Y.

Buy your clothing di-
iect from the mill. Cut
out the dealer’s profits.
Get two suits for the
price of one. All wool
suits and overcoats
made to order, hand¬
somely trimmed and
guaranteed to give satis¬
faction. Many patterns
to choose from

All
Wool

Clothing
Made
to Order
at the
Mill

Save Half

Men s wool Suits

and Overcoats

Made to Order

$7i®9 to $12-5°

I I /Women’s dress goods

LdQIBS | direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Che¬
viots, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Kerseys,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.
GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,
203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

Fail

Dress

Patterns

in all

Shades

.APr, Simpson - Eddystone

Black & Whites

EDdystonE

The color will positively not fade or run
in dresses made from them. This, with
the excellent quality of material and beauty
of designs, makes them extremely service- %
able and durable.

Ask your dealer for
Simpson- Eddystone Black &* IVhltes.

Three generations of Simpsons have
made Simpson Prints.

PRINTS The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

752

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 14,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, Oct. 14, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Water Supply for the Farm . 742

High Price for Consumers . 742, 743

Soil Containing White Grubs . 744

Keeping Onion . 744

Hope Farm Notes . 7 4<

Crop Prospects . . 749

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Silage for Sheep .

Dairy and Farm Notes . . .

Raising Strong Chicks .

Mapes, the Hen Man .

HORTICULTURE.

Apple Scions from Bearing Trees

Locust Trees on Hillside .

Sod Culture and Results from It .

Perry’s Seedling Plum .

Lead and Oil on Trees .

Chair's Choice .

Growing Onions for Seed .

Wintering Pansies . . .

Fruit for Oklahoma .

Peach Y'ellows .

I’eacli Trees Do Not Bear .

Strawberries and Celery .

Notes from the Rural Grounds
American Bornological Society, 1 art 1 . .
Apple Crop in Central Ohio .

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day .

The Rural Patterns .

Autumn in the Garden .

The Bookshelf .

M I SCE LLANEOU S.

“This Worm Has Feathers" .

New Jersey Grange Notes .

Collection of Back Rent .

Obstructed Ditch .

A Creamery Lease . .

Trespass on River Front .

Products, Prices and Trade .

Editorials . , .

Events of the Week .

Publishers’ Desk . . . . . .

An Old Lead Pipe .

754

754

754

755

741

741

742

743
743
743

743

744
744
744

744

745
74 G
749
74!*

750

750

751
7 51

742

744

745
745
745
745
745

748

749
753
753

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending October 7, 1905, wholesale except

otherwise noted. The prices oi grain, buttei,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. 1 rices ot ot^iei
products are from reports ot dealers, inqm-
ries and observation of sales in the \aiious
market sections. Where possible these liguies
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth

inspection .

No. 1, hard, Manitoba . —

No. 2, red .

@ 90%
@ 91
@ 89

@ 58

Onf« .

—

(a 33

- - -

@ 72

(a 62

FEED.

@ 20.00

_

@17.00

GRASS SE

EDS.

New York retail prices.

@3.00

_

@1.40

Kentucky Blue Grass, bu.

.... —

@2.35

hay and straw.

Ilav No 1 .

... 1 6.00

@16.50

“No. 2 .

g .

... 1 3.50
. . .12.00

@14.00
(a 1 2.50

Clover, mixed .

. . . 12.50
. . .10.00

@13.00
@ 1 2.00

Straw. Long rye .

Short and Oat .

. . .14.00
. . . 9.(10

@15.00

@10.00

MILK.

Taking effect October 1. the N. Y. Exchange
price is $1.51 per 40-quart can. netting three
cents per quart to 20-cent zone shippers who
have no extra station charges.

BUTTER.
Creamery, first quality. . . .

Lower grades .

State Dairy .

Imitation Creamery .

Factory .

Renovated .

Packing Stock .

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

Fair to choice .

Light skims . .

Full skims .

21 @ 21 %
17 @ 20

Hi I /:(u 20 y,

i7%@ 19
15 (a ITT,
15 @ 19 %

i5 @ 17 %

— @
10% @
9%@
2%@

11%

11%

10

3%

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy . — @ 30

Selected, white, choice . 20 @ 28

Mixed, extra . 24 @ 25

Nearby, fair to good . 21 @ 23

Western and southern . 17 @ 20

Refrigerator . 17 @ 21

HOPS.

N. Y. State. 1905 . 10 @ 23

1904 choice . 18 @ 21

German, 1905 . 30 @ 40

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . — @ 1314

Fowls . — @ 13 %

Roosters . — @ 9%

Turkeys . — @ 13%

Ducks, pair . 40 $7) 80

Geese, pair . 1.00 @1.50

Pigeons, pair . — @ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb . 10 @ 20

Old turkeys . 15 @ 18

Chickens, fey., broilers, lb.... 20 @ 22

Fair to choice . 15 @ 18

Prime roasters . 20 @ 22

Fair to good . 15 @ 18

Fowls . — @ 14

Ducks . 10 @ 17

Squabs, prime, dozen . 3.00 @3.50

Mixed and dark . 1.75 @2.25

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples. Evap., 1904. com. to

prime . 5 @ 7%

Sun dried, 1904 . 4 @ 5

Sun dried, 1905, southern.. 3 @ 3V*

Raspberries. 1905 — @ 20

Cherries, 1905 . — @ 13%

Blackberries, 1905 . — @ 8

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Alexander . 3.00 @4.00

Gravenstein . 2.50 @3.50

Wealthy . 2.50 @>3.50

Maiden Blush . 2.00 @3.00

Fall Pippin . 2.00 @3.00

Baldwin . 175 @3.00

Ilubbardston . 1-75 @3.00

Greening . 2.00 @3.00

Culls and windfalls . 1.00 @1.75

Pears, Seckel and Bartlett. . .3.00 @5.00

Bose . 3.00 @4.00

Clairgeau . 2.50 @3.00

Anjou . 2.50 @3.50

Louise Bonne . 2.25 @3.00

Kieffer . 1.00 @2.50

Plums, 8-lb. bkt . 15 @ 35

Peaches, %-bu. bkt . 25 @1.00

Grapes, 18-lb. case . 50 @ 90

4-lb. basket . 7 @ 10

Cranberries, bbl . 0.00 @7.00

Muskmelons, bu. crate . 1.50 @2.75

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu . 0.00 @8.00

lliekorynuts, bu . 1.50 @]2.00

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, I,. I., 180 lbs . 1.87 @2.00

Stale & .lersey, round sorts. 1.50 @>1-90

Long kinds . 1.50 @1.75

Sweet potatoes, bbl . 1.00 @1.50

Brussels sprouts, quart . 0 @ 12

Beets, 100 bunches . 75 @1.00

Carrots, bbl . 1.00 @1.25

Cabbage, 100 . 2.50 @4.00

Celery, dozen . 15 @ 40

Cucumbers, bbl . 2.50 @(5.00

Pickles. 1000 . 2.00 @5.50

Corn, 100 . 50 @1.00

Cauliflowers, bbl . 1.00 @2.75

Eggplants . 75 @1.00

Lettuce, dozen . 10 @ 50

Lima Beans, bu . 1.00 @2.25

Onions, Conn., white, bbl . 3.00 @4.25

Conn., yellow . 1.75 @2.00

Conn., red . 1.50 @1.75

Orange Co., yellow, bag . -.25 @1.75

Orange County, red . 1.00 @1.50

Long Island, bbl . 1.25 @1.75

Ohio, white, bu . 75 @>1.25

Peppers, bbl . 60 @1.25

Spinach, bbl . — @ 75

Squash. Hubbard, bbl . 40 @ 75

Marrow . 40 @ 00

Turnips. Ruta baga. bbl . 75 @1.00

Tomatoes, bu . 25 @1.00

BEANS.

Marrow . — @3.25

Medium . 1.50 @2.25

Pea . L50 @1.75

Yellow Eye . 1.90 @1.95

COUNTRY DRESSED MEAT.

Veal, calves, ib . — @ 12

Pork . 8%@ 9

Roasting Pigs . 10 @ 13

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers, 100 lbs . 3.60 @5.30

Bulls . 2.00 @3.40

Cows . 1.40 <@2.75

Calves, veal . ....4.00 @9.00

Culls . 3.00 @3.25

Sheep . 3.50 @5.25

Lambs . 6.00 @7.75

Hogs, State and Pa . 5.90 @6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . — @50.00

Muriate of Potash . — @42.00

Acid Phosphate . — @14.00

Ivainit . — @12.00

Dried Blood . — @52.00

On page 674 I noticed an inquiry in re¬
gard to removing warts from horses, and the
method was rather tedious. As I have been
successful in removing them from horses and
also from cows’ teats in a much easier man¬
ner I feel it my duty to make it known to
the readers of The It. N.-Y. Keep the warts
greased with hogs’ lard and in a short time
they will disappear. a. ,t. t.

New Hampshire.

St. Jacobs Oil

for many, many years has cured

and continues to cure

RHEUMATISM

NEURALGIA

LUMBAGO

BACKACHE

SCIATICA

SPRAINS

BRUISES

SORENESS

STIFFNESS

FROST-BITES

Price, 25c. and 50c.

When you write advertisers mention The

R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and

“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.
_ _ »

No Money Required With Order.

Special Harness Sale, 30 Days Only.

Manufacturer of harness retired from
business. We bought entire stock at
less than present cost of manufacture,
and you will get
the benefit. Har¬
ness is advanc¬
ing in price. You
probably know
it. And now is
the time to buy,
but don’t pay
enormous profits to a dealer when you can buy
direct at factory prices.

Those harness are not the cheap, trashy kind. All
made from Oak Tanned Leather No. 1, with trimmings
of equal quality and highest grade workmanship.
They are so good that we will gladly ship to you for
your inspection. Don’t send any money with
your order. If you find the harness satisfactory,
pay us; if not, ship it back; we will pay all t he freight
charges and you are not out one penny. We couldn’t
make this offer if we weren't sure of the qualitv of
our harness. And the prices are from hi to ’v less
than the regular retail prices. Freight from 25 to 50
cents only.

Write to-day for our special harness offer, with
illustrations and descriptions. Let us know the kind
of harness you want, for this stock is limited to TOO
sets Single Harness, 150 sets Light Double Harness,
50 sets Surrey Harness. 30 sets Express Harness. 190
sets Farm and Work Harness.

We sell everything for the farm and home,
and everything is sold on guarantee of satisfac¬
tion or money refunded. Big new 400-page general
catalogue Free to all who write.

Address. Cash Supply & Mfg. Co.,

49!4 Lawrence Sq., Kalamazoo, Mich.

It Is Worth While

Bay a machine that does the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oliage is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They throw hnest
spray, are easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know-
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form¬
ulas, etc. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE I* IMP < 0.,

No. 2 11th St. , Elmira, N. Y.

BROTHF.RTOWN FARMS-HAVE FOR SALE
THOROUGHBRED IMPROVED

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS

(both sexes), 4 to fi weeks old, at $5 earh. The foun¬
dation for this herd came from two of the best Cana¬
dian breeders For full information, address

QUENTIN McADAM. Prop., Utica, N. Yr.

MILCH-GOAT SERVICE BUCK

FOR SALE. Young hornless Saanen T. Imported
Stock, registered. Price moderate to close estate.

M. LINDEN. Roosevelt. L. 1.

ATTENTION 1» SS

favor us with your orders Mail orders a Specialty.
1 nternational Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

FHAS. E. ELLISON, Waynesboro, Va. Hend-
quarters for ground Tobacco Stems.

WE WILL PAY WEEKLY
Salary and Expenses to
successful Canvassers.
About a dozen men wanted at
once. Experience and very best
references required. Send ref¬
erences with application.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

“ ELM HILL”

HOLSTEIN STOCK FARM

FOR SALE.

A No. 1 Horse or Cattle Farm— 272 acres: clay loam :
very fertile: excellent buildings, in good repair; good
fences; well watered; windmill. Stable room for 125
cattle. Barn room for 350 tons hay. Largest silo in
Northern New York. Mile track can be made in
sight of buildings, with little grading.

REGISTERED HOLSTEIN HERD.

Well advertised. Excellent shipping facilities.
Three miles from R. R. junction at Philadelphia, N.
Y. State road to be built from Philadelphia to farm.
Splendid location for high-class stock farm. Little
competition in vicinity for registered cattle or horses.
Send for Circular giving full description of farm,
buildings, stock, prices, terms. Mention this paper.

Will be sold with or without Holsteins,
DR. GEO. A. COE, Watertown. New York.

FARM, stock and tools, 140 acres, keep 15 cows, 500
cords wood, 10 M. timber, 75 apple trees, pears and
plums for home use; house, 9 rooms; one barn, 38x48,
tie-up for twelve head; another barn, 30x44, for young
stock or sheep; fine views, near neighbors: a4 mile to
school; to settle estate quickly will include 25 tons hay.
corn, potatoes, grain, 1 horse, 3 extra good cows, 2
pigs, 50 hens, 1 mowing machine, 1 horse rake, 1 har¬
row, 2 plows, 1 dump cart, wheels, hay rack, cultivat¬
or, sleds, grindstone, and all small tools, $1,300 takes
everything; $700 down and easy terms. Picture of
buildings, travelling instructions and “Strout’s Spe¬
cial List’’ of 200 other money-making farms, with
reliable information of soils, crops, markets, climate,
etc., mailed free. E. A. STROUT, Farm Depot. 42,
150 Nassau St., New York City.

DUSINFSS MANAGER WANTED in every
9 town to manage branch office and superintend
force of salesmen; big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can bo managed with other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen,
Newark, New York, Dept. A.

A YOUNG GERMAN wishes employment on an
'* American farm, run in the most modern and im¬
proved ways. Wages no object. Address,
WILHELM BECKER, 70 Hudson St., Hoboken, N. J.

A farm in Southeastern New
fork, near a city, for Fruit and
Poultry, on lease with option to
purchase. State how far from R.R. Station. Address,
S. Buchanan, Experiment Station. Kingston, R. I.

WANTED

a good and reliable man of good habits, to assist in
farm work and help to take the farm products to
market and sell the same once or twice a week. Live
in a good locality on the Atlantic coast. Permanent
job for an industrious and honorable man. married
or single, any time within ninety days. Address

A. FARMER, Oceana, Princess Anne Co., Va.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK \V. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter. Eggs. Cheese. Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited'

34 & 3(> Little 12th St.. New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,-1
222 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

4&me,

1 Poultry

Mushroom*.

Lars,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs, 1

Fancy Eggs.

WANTED.

Apples. Peaches. Pears. Plums, Grapes, Potatoes and
all Vegetables, Fancy Eggs, etc., wanted. Top prices
secured for choice products.

Write us what you have to offer.
ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; semi to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods. Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & C<>„

104 Murray Street, New York,

TILE DRAIHED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE SSHm

\ creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
_ ] juckHon'n Homol Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer

Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. W rite
for what you want and prices. JOHN U. JACKSON, J6 Third Arc., Alb»nr, N.Y.

TEN DOLLARS A DAY.

IF YOU LIVE IN THE COUNTRY, AND ARE AN
able-bodied man, we can put you into business so you can

make TEN DOLLARS A DAY and upward

during the Winter on a comparatively small investment. This
is a strictly legitimate proposition. Write us AT ONCE for
full particulars. Mention this paper and address

STODDARD MFG. DO., Rutland, Vt.

P THAT COUGH

*“ JAYNE'S

EXPECTORANT

An almost, infallible remedy for dis¬
eases of the Throat, and Lungs,
known CSb used the world over for
almost a Century.

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

753

PUBLISHERS DESK.

Some weeks ago we printed a letter
from a Pennsylvania subscriber who
wrote that in the Spring of 1904 he had
placed an order through their local agent
with Knight & Bostwick for 100 peach
trees, under an agreement that trees that
did not grow the first year would be
replaced. Some 38 trees did not grow.
The subscriber made a verbal report to
the agent and also a written complaint to
the company, and had heard nothing from
either of them at the time he wrote us.
Knight & Bostwick say, however, that the
agent did not report the loss of trees to
them, and also say that they did not get
the written report to themselves. The
subscriber gave their address in the letter
to us as Rochester, N. Y., but they are
located at Newark, N. Y., but be thinks
he addressed the complaint correctly be¬
cause he had the catalogue before him at
the time he wrote it. His envelope also
bore his name and address, and he con¬
cluded that since the letter was not re¬
turned to him it must have reached its
proper destination. Whatever may have
been the cause of the trouble, Messrs.
Knight & Bostwick have now taken the
matter up with the farmer and have
notified him that 38 trees would he
shipped to replace those that failed to
grow. We are glad to be able to report
this satisfactory adjustment of the com¬
plaint. The firm that is disposed to do
the right thing by the people is sure to
get a “square deal" from The R. N.-Y.

The following very pleasant little note
accompanied a recent remittance for a
new subscription for a neighbor :

In our home we read many agricultural
publications, but yours has a terseness, a
frankness, and a seeming honesty hack of it
which especially meets our approval.

Pennsylvania. w. m. f.

That is what we call practical appre¬
ciation. This reader backs up his approval
of the policy of the paper by sending in
a neighbor’s name and his subscription
with the assurance that the new member
is one of the best farmers of the neigh¬
borhood, who will appreciate The R. N.-Y
This, however, is not an exceptional case.
It is of daily occurrence. We call atten¬
tion to this particular one because at this
time we want as many as possible of
these new names, and we want to ask-
each of our old friends to keep this
matter in mind and send a new name
when the opportunity presents itself.
When you meet a neighbor it is easy to
bring up the subject. It will often come
up by reference to some thing you have
read in the paper and then is the time to
suggest a 10 weeks’ trial for 10 cents.
While on this subject here is another
letter that will interest a good many :

The fountain pen came all in good shape;
anybody who would not Ijp pleased with its
possession I would not care to live neighbor
to. If you continue business long on that
scale you will never become a life Insurance
company’s president. R. grimes

Mississippi.

Mr. Grimes earned his fountain pen by
sending a club of new subscribers to The
R. N.-Y. You may earn one in the same
way. You will read the terms in another
column. You need send only four new
yearly subscriptions, and you will have the
pen by next mail. To make it easy for
you to get the new subscribers for a year,
we allow you to promise the paper every
week for the remainder of this year and
all next year for the dollar. Then as this
year subscribers they would get “The
Business Hen’’ also as promised to sub¬
scribers for 1905. With such a bargain to
offer, you ought to get four new sub¬
scribers without much difficulty. Don’t
you think so? Any member of a subscrib¬
er’s family may send the club. The only
restriction is that they must be all new
subscribers. The pen is one of the best
we could find in the market. It retails at
$2.50 each. The cheap fountain pens are
no good. We have tried a score of them,
and would not offer any of them to our
people, because they corrode in a few days
and are then worthless. This pen is solid
14-karat gold, and gives splendid satisfac¬
tion. to ourselves in daily use. It makes
a splendid Christmas present. We have

them here, ready boxed, to mail you the
same day your club of four is received.
We would like to send you one.

AN OLD LEAD PIPE.

For the benefit of E. W. M.,Wadhams Mills,
N. Y., would state that in my native town of
Westernviile, N. Y., there is a small water
system laid down some time in the 50's where
the original three-quarter-inch lead pipe is
doing duty to this day. I do not know that
it ever filled, certainly not with rust. It is
a gravity system about one-half mile in
length, suppying about 10 families. The
strainer at intake well is made of copper, fun¬
nel shaped. n. b. j.

New Jersey.

Would say to E. W. M. of Wadhams Mills,
N. Y., who asks on page 680 if water can be
satisfactorily run in a lead pipe, that it can.
Twenty-Ihree years ago this Summer we laid
half-inch lead pipe from a spring that is 175
rods from the house, which runs down hill
through a hollow and then up hill to die house
sink, then back to the barn. It runs all the
time. We got the heaviest lead pipe made,
as we thought the pressure would he so great
through the hollow. The water is still run¬
ning clear and pure. The spring is on a level
with the eaves of the house. b. p.

Georgetown, N. Y.

I bring water to my buildings the same way
as E. W. M. does. I have to cross a meadow
and then go up hill agaiu to the barn. I put
down one-inch wood pipe at first, but in 10
years they commenced to give out. I bought
half-inch lead pipe, cost sis cents a foot, in
1897. I got it in coils of 100 feet each, and
we pushed it through the wood pipe and only
bad to dig down where the pipes come to¬
gether; bad a plumber to solder the joints.
It works very satisfactorily The outlet is
about 20 feet lower than the spring where I
get the water The water runs faster through
the half-inch lead pipe than it did through
the one-inch wood pipe Before I put my lead
pipe down I was at a place in Chester Co.,
Pa., where they had one laid to the barn,
half-inch, that had been in use 50 years.

Ambler, Pa. a. b. f.

iien you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

V% HIGHER DIVIDEND
25% MORE INCOME

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear darn¬
ings from day received
to day withdrawn.

l-'AUCIHN'i investigation of
^ this Company's record, Its
pieseut standing. and Its con¬
servative method* will assure
you that Its funds are better
secuie l thau the average -l p.c.
investment.

We pay you 5 p. c. per an mini
— i quarter larger income Yoi
will appreciate the convenience
of our “certit}c8te■, system for
handling accounts by mall.
Write for particulars

Assets,. *1,700,000
•Surplus and Profits,
*160,000

Supervised by New York Industrial Savings ami Loan Co.
Banking Department. Times Bl’d’g, lt'wy, N.Y. City

FREE ^TflRY ot “Merest to every former ami his
l llkL vium family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will be sent abso¬
lutely i ree to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg. Co., 16 Cliase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEG E,
Grand Rapids Mich. L.L. Conkey. l'rin.

FOR SALE

; — FINE DORSET RAM, Born 1891
. Registered stock. Price, * 1 5.00.
W. R. FRY, Wading River. Long Island.

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.

Prices and Circular FREE.
Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, 0.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER Montrose, Pa.

Registered angora goats.— Pairs ’or

trios. REGISTERED RAM BOL'ILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

CHOICE ANGORA ‘GOATS

for Breeding. In lots to suit. Bucks and Does not
related. WOODS FARM, Bath, N. H.

(MRS. WINSLOW’S
- SOOTHING SYRUP

bas been Med by Millions of Mothers for their '
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and is the best i
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE cents a bottle.

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

The genuine merits of Ruberoid Roofing
place it distinctly in advance of anything
olse of its kind. The Ruberoid roofs laid
fourtoen years ago are still giving satisfac¬
tion where othors failed in a few years.
Metal rusts, shingles rot. tar melts or dries
out, hut Ruberoid lasts indefinitely and costs
less. It is water-proof, resists fire, equally
applicable to cottage, factory or cathedral,
may bo applied by any bandy man. and is
bound to give good results. Our reputation
stands behind its quality.

Caution: There is only one Ruberoid and
we alone make it. See that the label bears
the above trade mark and that the word
"Ruberoid” is stamped on tlie under side of
the material.

Let us tell you more about Ruberoid : send
for pamphlet "Valuable Hints to the Roofer’’,,
and booklet " R."

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

Sole Manufacturers,

100 William Street, New York.

VERY HEN’S A MINT

She’ll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfalfa Huy is the green lood the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets It pays to
feed it Wesell everything thepoultry-raiser
needstomake money. Writefor freecatalog.
llarvcy Seed Co.. 88 F.UIeott St., Buffalo, N.Y.

90

SQUABS

THE

BEST

Antiseptic

Remedy

For Family and Farm

SLOANS

HEAP HEN FOOD

1 S green bone fresh cut. Rich I n protein and
all other egg’ elements. Its ei»g producing
value is lour times that of grain The eggs
are more fertile, chicks more vigorous, fowls
heavier. This makes green bone cheap food.

Mann’s Latest model Bone Cutter.

Cuts all bone, meat and gristle Never clogs. 10 DAYS
FREE TRIAL. No money in advance Cat )g free.

F. W. MANN CO., Box 18, MILFORD, MASS.

BUY Wheat for Poultry. Makes bens lay. Dry, clean,
red wheat, at reasonable prices. Write for to-day’s
quotations Willis It. Knox, 5 Newport Ave., Intercourse, Pa.

T have a limited number of prize-taking BARRED
PLY MOUTH. ROCKS, $2 for Cockerels, $3.50 per pair.

E. E. WOODIN', Meclianicsv ille , N. Y.

WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE.— Fine large COCK ER ELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N.Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cnta-
loguefree. 0. H. ZlMMER, R.D. 41, Weedsport, N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE, Yorktown, N. Y.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Kocks, Wy a udottes, Leghorns,
M iuorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also. Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed, 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tice Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

Var's Poultry, Pigeons, l’arrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book; ’10c.
Kates free. J. A. BEKGEY. Box 8, Telford. Pa,

are raised in one month: i
bring big prices. Money tr?
makers torpoultrymen,
farmers, women.

fftfTSend for our Free Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence invited fWT

^Plymouth Hook Squab Co., w
^335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred for laving
$1 each. D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

RAPRFH and WHITE PLYMOUTH

UrtlVIVLrU, Ro(,kSi -White Wyandottes, White
Mmorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks. $3.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Pemui.

T C BUFF WYANDOTTE COCKERELS for sale
I J for October and November, at $1 to $1.50 each
Well bred. April and May hatched.

CHAS. T. MILLER, R. F. D. No. 1, Hudson, N. Y.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. KOltERTSON,
Forestville, Conn.

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

W B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Couu.

F or the Protection and

Adornment of Lawns, Schools, Parks,
Cemeteries, Cemetery Lots and public and
private places generally, no fence can com¬
pare with the Hartman Steel Picket Fence

*. — r » - * - —

for beauty and durability. The first fence we
made was put up sixteen years ago and is In as
good condition now as the day It was erected.
The Hartman Fence protects and adorns a lawn
without concealing it. It can be erected upon un¬
even as well as level surfaces— on stone walls or
wooden bases as well as in the ground. No me¬
chanical skill is required to erect it. All first-
class dealers handle the Hartman Steel Picket
Fence. It yours doesn't, wille for illustratod
catalogue and prices to

GLEN MFG. CO., 110 Mill St., Ellwood City, Pa.

DOES IT PAY

Y FROST,

Ibest^

^CHEAPEST

To buy a light woigiht flimsy woven wfro fence every
til ree or four years ? Buy the Frost Heavy weight
Fence that will bust a life time at a fair price.
AGENTS WANTED.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE OC)„ Cleveland, Ohio.

1

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE

All No. 1* Steel Wire. Well Galvanized. Weighs
f/i more than most fences. 1 <> to 85c per rod
Jelivercd. We sell all kinds offence wire a
wholesale prices. Writefor fence book show¬
ing llOstyles. The ISrown Fence and,
Wire Co*, Cleveland, Ohio*

VISITORS WELCOME

Every fence buyer cannot visit
oar mills, but he can acquaint
hiin.su if with every step of oi*r
process for making iron ore into
Page Fence, at the cost of a
postal card request. Ask for
"A Trip Through Our Mills.”

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 771. Adrian, Mich.

WHAT IS THE USE

buying a woven wire
fence when you can buy
one that will last over
three times as long for
about the same money. Cata¬
log FREE.

THE ANCHOR FENCE & MFG, CO.. Cleveland, O.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chicks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely seif regulating.- Price $6.50
and up. Send for 212 pago (Salt inchoB) catalogue
and poultry guido. Free, If you Bond us names off
two friends interested In Rood poultry. Wrlto to

. CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, Now York. Kansas City or San Francisco.

Dfllll TD \/<iOOOOOOOO

H Y We keep ev-l
a ^ W W fca I II ■ erything in the
"“(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-(
Ipators, Live Stock, Brooders — anything —
fit’s our business. Call or let us send you 5
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the!
(asking— it's worth having.

Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City (

ooooooooooeoooooooeoooooc<

Lousy hens won’t lay, use
Pratts Liquid Lice Killer.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

754

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 14,

Live Stock and Dairy

SILAGE FOR SHEEP.

We have fed plenty of corn silage to
sheep in connection with clover hay, but
only in the Winter folds; we have never
tried soiling sheep in Summer. We often
put our sheep, especially those having
dropped lambs, into the folds as early as
October and put them on to Winter's feed,
consisting of silage, clover hay, straw and
grain, and never had them fail to do well.
We also often put a flock of sheep three
or four times what it will feed into an
orchard and feed enough supplemental
feed to keep them thriving, and they al¬
ways do well. 1 should have no hesita¬
tion in soiling sheep if I cared to do so.
People put sheep by the hundred into
small yards and feed them all W inter
with no bad results, and 1 see no reason
why 1 would not as readily put them into
small yards and feed them in Summer. I
would want to make all the conditions
right. I should want the fold to be
made so as never to be muddy ; would
want a shed under which the sheep could
go in storms and during very hot days ;
should want them to have an abundance
of clean fresh water always accessible,
and should want a box of salt into which
was stirred some turpentine where they
could help themselves; or what would
be better, a plank with many two-inch
holes bored and placed under cover, with
the holes partly filled with the salt mix¬
ture, and the margin of holes kept well
smeared with fresh pine tar.

As to the feed, I would feed silage,
clover hay or Alfalfa, and if possible
would have a patch of rape from which I
could give them an occasional or daily
feed. In addition. T would feed a little
wheat bran every day and give them a
chance to eat all the straw they wanted,
and if I had any ragweed or golden rod
growing on the farm I would quite often
give them a good feed of these. With
such treatment I am sure they would
thrive and be much better off than in
roaming over some dry barren Summer
pasture, where they would have to "work
themselves to death barely to get a liv¬
ing.” J. S. WOODWARD.

DAIRY AND FARM NOTES.

We use considerable vaseline in the
cow stable. Whenever a cow has a spre
or scratched teat a little rubbed on just
before milking softens the teat so that she
does not object to gentle pressure, and
helps much to quiet milking. After milk¬
ing a little more rubbed over the sore spot
helps to heal the trouble. The cost is lit¬
tle, 15 to 20 cents a pound, and its use
pays. Do not put on so much that the
teats are slimy, as a little goes a great
way. We bore an inch hole into
the side of the milking stool about
two inches, and we keep the vaseline in
this. It is always at hand, yet out of the
way. “Vaseline” is a trade name and
often one can buy “petrolatum” or “pe¬
troleum jelly,” which is the same thing,
for less than is asked for vaseline.

The cost of packages for some farmers
who ship their produce cuts quite a slice
out of their receipts. It is a small item
at a time, but in the course of a year
amounts to quite a sum. The man who
lives near his market can cut out most all
of this ; eggs and butter delivered right
to the store or consumer, the same with
all kinds of fruit, even apples in the bar¬
rel. we work the same way, getting an¬
other barrel in exchange, and when bar¬
rels are 30 to 35 cents .apiece this amounts
to quite a sum. This lack of expense for
packages does not mean that our products
cannot be put out in as good shape as
they can, and there is no chance for after
complaint, as the customer sees just what
he is getting.

We had to have some extra men to put
in the silage economically, so at milking

time all pitched in and helped milk, yet
each night that we had this help we got
less milk. They were strangers to the
cows, and the cows were strangers to
them. We believe in the same men milk¬
ing the same cows, and follow this as far
as we can. A cow gets used to certain
ways of milking, and will give down the
milk quicker and better. More and more
we realize that the cow is a creature of
habit, and the more regular we are in
everything about her care, feed and milk¬
ing the better are the results.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

Raising Strong Chicks. — We raise our
chickens in a large brooder house that
holds 2,000 chicks, and as soon as we can
pick out the pullets from the cockerels
we put them outside on grass range in
small houses 6 x <>, and move them around
from year to year. We generally put 25
or 30 chicks in each house. Chicks are
about two months old when ^ given free
range. Keep them well supplied with
good food and water, also grit, and if the
grasshoppers and worms are in short
supply feed some animal food, such as
green bone or scraps ; the former is pre¬
ferred by us. If you want good, strong
pullets give them free range with plenty
of green grass ; you can raise some good
birds when yarded, but keep it up for two
or three years, and you will find your
stock getting weaker and weaker.

E. H. DE MAR.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

LABEL!

Dana’SM"t»incEAR LABELS

stamped with any name nr address with ennseeutlT®
mimberR. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. A (tents Wanted.

C. U. DAN A, 74 Main W a»t Lebanon, N. H.

MINERAL Only Sure Cure.

Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures
aise or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agknts Want¬
ed. Liberal terms.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 46 1 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

NKWTOlPfl Heave, Cough, Ola-
Lent per tend Indigestion Cure.

A veterinary specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommend e. fJ.OOper
can , of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

The Newton Keinedy Co*.
Toledo, Ohio.

Beware of cheap Colic Cures

Use Pratts Veter’y Colic Cure.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years olj.

‘ofthe BEERY BIT

tour cuts in one

(urea Kickers KuDawayn, Tullem,
Shyeri, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
l>av»* Trial and circular showing

_ the four distinct ways of usinp i*.

A. Lady can hold him- Prof. J.Q. Beery, Fleasrmt Dill, Ohio.

Engage One Now

A JERSEY RED SOW

Bred to Farrow in March.

Write me. Get FREE Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Jloorestoivn. N. J.

BILILIj FArLM

Holstein Cattle.

Home of I.ovd Netherland DeKol. Great, sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL. Uoughquag, N. Y.

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred: large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs,
KIVENBURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.V.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

Large Eng. Berkshires

ImporteU and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES gKSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BUOOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin, Scr
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg
Holsteins. Heifers. Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & < o„ Frcildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Large English berkshires-

Males and females, of choicest breeding— for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD K.RMs,

R. F. I). No. 4. Syracuse. New York.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin: Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N.

niJROC-.'ERSEY PIGS and BRED SOWS. All
stock eligible to registry. Write for prices. Ad¬
dress, A. B. WOODHI LL, Wading River, V Y ■

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
“ ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowviiie, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES j

FLORETTA'S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1003. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

j. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

mi

’"m

A Fat
Machine

A hog is a fat-making machine.
Soft corn or snapped corn makes quick
fat, but it clogs the machinery, end
produces a heated condition favorable
to disease. Regular doses bf Dr. Hess
Stock Food should be given with the
ration to keep the internal machinery
clean and healthy, and increase the di¬
gest ion, wh icli means for market stock
more weight; for cows, more milk.

DB HESS

stock mm

Is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.8.) ,
containing tonic* for the digestion, iron for
the blood, nitrates to ex pel poisonous materials
from the system, laxatives to regulate the
bowels. It has the recommendation of the
Veterinary Colleges, the Farm Papers, is
recognized as a medicinal tome and laxative
by <mr own Government, and is sold on a
written guarantee at

fz . per lb. In 100 lb. .»<*., f Kxre5‘ 'D,C,,n*d*
251b. J end extreme

i. •sells; J
I. GO. \

West and South.

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog.
Les8tlian a penny a day for horse, cow, or steer.
If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

DR. HESS & CLARK,

I Ashland, Ohio.

Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry
Pau-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Breeders’ Directory

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

4% BUTTER FAT 4.2

Highest testing herd of registe.ed Holsteins in the
world of its size. Read the evidence. Copy of a
letter on file in Star Farm office, viz.:

"Office of Standard Butter Company,
East River, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1905.

MR. HORACE L. BRONSON.

Prop. Star Farm,

Cortland, N. Y.

Dear Sir.— I take pleasure in certifying that the
milk from your entire herd of registered Holsteins
received at this butter factory has been tested for
butter fat, with the Babcock tester, by me three times
per month during the season of 1905, and lias tested
from 4 per cent, butter fat to 4.2 butter fat, and has
averaged for the year over 4 per cent. fat.

(Signed). M. A. CONKLIN.’

You do not have to buy thin milkers. It does not
cost you any more to buy your service hulls, cows,
and young things from the highest testing herd in
the world.

Special prices on service hulls, Fall and Winter
springers, male and female calves.

Everything is purebred and registered, and there is
a $5000 guarantee that all stock sold will be as
represented. Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH GLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Meicedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 nays. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire’s dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OP

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality
If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N, J

HOLSTEINS.

High-Class Advanced Registry Stock only. Best
b .tter families. Stock for Sale.

WOODSIDE FARM,

Princeton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts.
JOHN B. MARCOC.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

\V. W. CHENEY. Manlius, New York.

COTTAGE GROVF. STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

vhen 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
jest dairy stock: ready for service: at farmer’s price.
K. F. SHANNON, 905 Libertv St., Pittsbifr. Pa.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred: big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

COD CAI C male and fe-
■ OMLu male elk at

The Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

if you are going
to buy a

BUT,!., and wili write us
just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brotliers-Hastings Company,

BROOK SIDE HERD,

bacons, Oswego Co., N. Y.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN MULE.

FIFTH PUBLIC SALE,

SYRACUSE, N. Y., OCTOBER 25th, 1905.

This offering- of HO Head of Purebred HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE
will be fully up to the Standard that the Company propose to maintain.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY,

H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, N. Y. T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, N. Y.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J. F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

STEVENS BROS.-HASTINGS CO., Lacona, N. Y. H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, N. Y.

Catalogues will he ready to mail October 10, 1905.

S. D. W. CLEVELAND. Sales Manager- SYRACUSE N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

755

M APES, THE HEN MAN.
Feeding Rations.

Ten square feet of house and 100 square
feet of yard for one hen is rather expensive,
arid has prevented me from expanding much
in the poultry business, as houses and fences
are both very expensive, yet of all the poul¬
try journals 1 have taken in the past 15
years none recommends less than 10 square
feet per hen. If Mr. Mapes's plan of hous¬
ing arid yarding is successful it is very en¬
couraging to a man with moderate means.
It is also lots of work to feed a Hot mash
every morlikig and keep the hens scratching
all day. Some time ago Mr. Mapes was feed¬
ing his hens, with all the grain, skim-milk,
bone meal. etc. they could eat. I>ocs lie still
keep all this feed in front of them, or lias lie
given up that plan? s. t>. O.

The plan of keeping feed of various
kinds before the hens, and letting them
balance their own ration, was tried .faith¬
fully, and finally abandoned, as it had a
tendency, 1 thought, to cause the hens to
lose vigor. A hen must he in the pink of
health in order to produce eggs. A short
period of such feeding, particularly in
the natural laying season, invariably gave
surprisingly good results. When kept up
for several months, however, the hens lose
interest in their feed, which is one of the
filings that must not happen if profitable
laying is to he secured. A hen that has
free access to corn and wheat, with skim-
milk to drink for at least half Of each
day is pretty sure to lay well during the'
Spring and Summer months. In my ex¬
perience, however, too many hens died
from some reason which did not definitely
appear, and when thus fed during and
after the moulting season tiicy were very
slow about resuming laying operations.

I lere is another reader asking questions
in line with the remainder of the above
letter, about amount of tloor space per
hen.

Floor and Yard Space.

A friend of mine who is thinking of en¬
gaging in (lie poultry business wishes to know
how many hens lie could keep on a lot of two
acres, lie has a house and barn on the lot
and wishes to retain a small garden plot and
door yard, which would probably leave about
1 i/j acre available for Ihe hens, II ow many
hens could he profitably keep on this land
by buying his feed? What would be the size
of buildings and yards? What profit per hen
could he figure on not counting labor, which
he would perform himself? What would suit¬
able buildings and yards Cost? What are
(lie prospects in the poultry business for a
man who lias capita! arrd who understands
care and management of small flocks, but
who wishes to make a specialty of if. and
engage in it. by giving his entire time, near
a good market? o. ii. B.

St. Johns, N. B.

Because l am using the colony plan it
does not follow that the colony plan is the
only plan, or even the best plan. When I
planned my buildings 1 supposed that it
was the best. After a dozen or more
years of experience I have grown to look
at many of the problems presented in
daily practice with different eyes. This
question of exercise and floor space is an
example. The three essential require¬
ments for egg production are comfortable
quarters, pure air and proper and suffi¬
cient food. Just how many hens could he
given these three essentials on the V/2
acre of ground is uncertain, but I believe
the limit is far above the generally accept¬
ed belief. • The day has gone by when
dairy experts teach that a cow stable must
be planned to give each cow so many
cubic feet of air space in order to assure
her pure air. The idea that a hen must
have 10 feet of floor space is a companion
fallacy, and is sure to go the same road.

1 believe that the necessity for small
flocks is also doomed to disappear. I can
see no good reason why 1,000 hens can¬
not be made comfortable in a building
that is 30 x 00 feet. In these days of in¬
creasing knowledge of the laws of ventila-
# tion there certainly can be no difficulty
about furnishing pure air in abundance.
The thousand hens represent no more live
weight of animal life than four cows, and
would require little, if any, more oxygen.
The question of ‘‘proper and sufficient
food” could be gauged. I believe, by one
attendant, much more accurately with
them all in one flock than in many small
flocks. Suppose we divide the 1 '/> acre
into three equal fields or yards. One-half
acre would be needed for brooder houses,
etc., in which to raise young stock. On
•the line between the other two fields I
would erect a building two stories high,
and 30 x 140 feet. This would give 11s
a room 20 x 30 feet at the center for
feed room and work shop, with a 30 x 00
foot room for hens at either hand. The
lower floor should be made light and
cheerful with whitewash and glass, for a
feeding floor and nest boxes. These I
would place around the sides between the
windows. The upper floor I would de¬
vote exclusively to perches, with a wide
stairway connecting the two stories near
the center. After the hens arc on their
perches at night the stair door would be
closed. This wpuld give a clear space on
the lower floor in the morning in which to
fill the troughs with mash, if a mash is
to be fed. Four rows of troughs 50 feet
long will accommodate 1.000 Leghorn
hens, and there is ample room in 30 x 60
feet without crowding. When all is in
readiness the wide stairway doors can be

thrown open, and no gong need be sound¬
ed in order to insure a grand rush for
breakfast. Instead of tramping about in
the snow or rain, possibly, to 40 different
small flocks, you can sit down in your
chair at the head of the table and watch
the fun. If you have gauged their appe¬
tites correctly the troughs will be cleaned
and ready for you to turn over on their
sides within five or six minutes from the
time the doors are opened. In feeding
whole grain a man can walk up one side
and down the other, scattering as he goes
quick enough to give all an equal chance.
A covered drinking trough should be ar¬
ranged to run the whole length of the
room,' with the eiid projecting into the
feed room,- when a can of milk can he
poured into it without entering the hens'
apartments. A small stream of either
warm Or cold water could be made to
flow into the trough at the feed-room end.
and discharge ai the other end. Each
flock of 1,000 would have a half acre of
open air in fine weather, where pure air
and exercise would be at hand.

1 am aware that 1 am in advance of
my times in suggesting large flocks, but
believe it will be but a few years before
the times will move up to this position.

I have lately heard of one man who is
keeping TOO all in one flock and making
ri good living.

On August 1 I jmt 60 of my oldest hens,
four and five years old, into a room (2x15
feet, and they have, not been out since,
nor bad any green feed to speak of. On
September 1 1 put to fnore in the same
room making 100 hens on Iso feet of
floor space. I am watching them and
noting results before sending to market.
To this date (September 22) there have
been no losses, and all come to the trough
with a good relish. Among them are
three White Wyandottes that were
hatched on the Orange County Fail-
grounds in September. 1900. mates to
“White Betty.” One of these had moth¬
ered a brood of turkeys during the Sum¬
mer. She commenced laying the first
week in August, and has kept it up con¬
tinuously to date, except a few days
when she was broody. Another was
about naked with moulting on August 1.

In these close quarters she grew a crop
of new feathers and began laying about
September J, and lays about two eggs in
three days. I saw her on the nest to¬
day, and although she is surely five years
old it would be difficult to distinguish her
from a pullet, In another old stable
15x48 feet 1 put 300 of these oldest hens
September 1, in order to watch develop¬
ments. These rooms are only one story
high and part of the space has to be de¬
voted to perches. This old stable has
sometimes been used as a hospital, and a
few cases of roup have already devel¬
oped, but nothing serious as yet.

0. W. MAPES.

WILDER'S

SELF-ADJUSTING STEEL LATCH

stanchion meets the demand for a safe,
Stroup, convenient lasteniup— one that af¬
fords the cow perfect freedom when stand¬
ing or lying down. A stanchion operated
without removing your gloves or mittens.
Made of hard wood; does not chill animals
in cold weather. A happy combination of
utility, cow comfortand cleanliness. Holds
cattle securely for dehorning. Hung on
pins or chains as desired. Illustrated
catalogue and prices free.

v^LDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO.
Box 20 Monroe, Mich.

STANCHION

WE HAVE NOTHING TO GIVE AWAY;

nothing absolutely free exceptour good will. Nothing
to sell at less than cost. If you buy a .JONES Seale
you will have to pay a fair priee for it, and our terms
are satisfaction or no sale. In this way we have
done a successful business for just forty years this
month. Wo would be glad to give you a full descrip¬
tion of the JONES Scale and hope that you will
write us for priee list. We have no doubt that we
can please you, as we have many thousands before.
Address.

JONES OP BINGHAMTON
Box 331C. BINGHAMTON. N. Y.

Your stable should
contain Pratts Veterin¬
ary Healing Ointment
and Pratts Peerless
Hoof Ointment. An
unequalled pair.

True Separator Value
And How To Know It.

The intending buyer of a pure bred cow or thoroughbred
horse demands an official record of the animal’s breeding. He
does not accept the owners “say so” concerning the blood
strains of the cow or horse, nor does the owner expect him to
do so. The buyer's protection against fraud lies in the official
record of the performance of the animal and its ancestors.
J ust so when buying a cream separator. Most every one to-day
knows that a cream separator, if a good one, will pay for itself
in a few months and last for a great number of years. The
question is “How to determine which is the best machine to
buy?” No one can afford to invest either a small or a large
amount in a cream separator sold simply upon the self recom¬
mendation of the manufacturer or agent. The only true and
safe recommendation is the history of the machine itself. Both
the manufacturer and the agent may he reasonably sincere in
recommending their machine and speak from the best of their
knowledge, but in nine out ten cases their recommendations
are based upon what the machine has done in a few special
instances covering but a few months’ usage, and not upon a
record made in the field in the hands of hundreds of thousands
of users covering a period of more than twenty-five years, such
as is true Of the DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR.
If int nding to buy a separator all we ask of yon before mak¬
ing your selection is that you look up the “official” record of
the DE LAVAL made in the hands of over 650,000 users,
including 98 per cent of all creameries, the agricultural colleges
and the largest users in the world. By doing so your own best
interests will he protected.

Illustrated catalogue and any desired particulars gladly
furnished upon request.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph a Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,

SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

7S & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McOermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

* A

f

THE ADVANCE

MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE

The construction ib so simple and durable that it never given
any trouble The driver completely coutrols the feed from his
■eat withoutstopping the machine. Wrought steel wheels with
wide tires. Can be turned in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and can be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY

The enormous saving in time and labor, its soperioritv over
others, make it an investment that pays lor itself»in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free . upon request, describing the
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

TRY IT

You’re welcome. Pay
nothin*,' if you don’t
buy. If you do buy
the fast, easy running

EW

HOLLAND FEED Mill

You'll save 30£ to 40& on the cost over any
other. No combine prices. Standard for
all kinds feed and meal grinding. Several
styles and sizes. Write for catalog. We
make the best fast cutting Wood Saw on
the market. Booklet free. Write to

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO.,

— - - -

Steam

is the reliable power. Don’t be
misled on the power question.
Don’t buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wal I-
ing in. etc. We’ve been mak¬
ing these dependable farm
power for many years. Lef-
t» synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of uses for such a power. Let us send you our
little book, ''Powor Economy and Efficiency.” Free.

Box 1 18 , New Holland, Pa.

Th^ame^eMel4^Oj^oj^60^prinfllleld|0j

756

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 14, 1903.

THE GREATEST WOOD SAWYER ON EARTH

The Ever-Ready STODDARD Gasolene Engine

Saws wood as fast as two men can feed it, and faster than any other outfit can do It.
Safe, steady, controllable, reliable, powerful and portable. A convenient and de¬
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Write for our new free catalogue EH

STODDARD MFC. CO., RUTLAND, YT.

Make
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Cement
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The new building material ; cheaper and better than
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Machine payu for itself on one building or barn base¬
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W. E. DUNN & CO., 348 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
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0. W. INGERSOLL, 84(5 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated 'leas
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with every purchase. CHARGES PAt 0
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2S9, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

YOU NEED THIS

PRACTICAL GRINDER

Sharpens knives, axes, scissors, scythes, sickles,

chisels, and all
edged tools in one-
tenth the time and
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its cost many times
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circular. A few
good a g e n ts
wanted. ROYAL, MANUFACTURING CO.,
226 E. Walnut St., Lancaster, l’a.

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Pull Circle

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple in construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price,

of others of same capacity. Bales all kinds of
hay and straw. Bend for catalogue.

Harder Mfg. Co., Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

, We are the largest manufac¬
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Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
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HAVANA METAL WHEEL GO.

BOX II HAVANA, ILL.

Fill the Silo

with Machines
suitedtothe Work

THK CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
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CLAliK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT i WA Y Moves IS, OOO
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

EASY,
FAST
CUTTING
& ELEVA¬
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BALDWIN and
GALE-BALDWIN

Gutters

Iry 1

typical machines. Smooth, easy running and fast
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carry to right or left or straight away. Strong
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THE BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 76, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the ^

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
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So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
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Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P.Q.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., sydu.y, N. b. W.

T.ui«nt*-R.y 11, Havana, Cuba, v _

Cures brittle hoof, corns, calks
Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment.

Made by Pratt Food Co., Phila. Over 30 years old.

ENSILAGE CUTTERS

FROM

FACTORY TO CONSUMER.

MANUFACTURED 15 YEARS BY

THE G. J. EMENY COMPANY

FULTON, N. Y.

Save Middlemen’s Profits. Every Cutter fully wai-
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BOX No. 57.

THE POTATO CROP,

large or small, is best
harvested with

the Improved

DOWDEN

Potato Digger.

Deep or shallow, you get
them all, fast, clean and un¬
cut. Standard dipper with no peer, and it lasts. Ask for free Dowden book.

DOWDEN MFG. CO., Box 522 PRAIRIE CITY, IA.

$1000. !! CASH PREMIDIS

FOR MEN, WOMEN, GIRLS AND BOYS
WHO USE

“INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD”

For Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Colts, Calves,
Lambs, or Pigs. You have as good a chance as
anyone in earning one or more of these spot cash
premiums and you may receive several hundred
dollars without one cent of extra cost to you.
These 24 Cash Premiums are absolutely free for
our friends and customers who are feeding
“International Stock Food”.

If you have not received our complete list of these 24
premiums we will mail you one if you write to our office
and request it. The smallest premium is $25.00 cash and
the largest is $125.00 cash.

READ THIS AFFIDAVIT

Dundee, Oregon

“ This U. S. Separator has been in use for the past nine years,
and in that length of time the entire cost of extras, which con¬
sisted of three rubber rings, amounted to 45c.

“I separated with this machine today (June 10) and it did
first class work. (Signed), W. H. Taylor.”

Subscribed and sworn to before J. C. Colcord, Notary Public
for Oregon, June 24, 1905.

U. S. Cream Separators

Hold World’s Record for Close Skimming,

and are the most durable separators made. Actual work
for many years in every-day service gives an “endur¬
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expense. Investigation costs you nothing. Send for
free catalogue, No. 550-D, showing you plainly by
illustration and complete description why U. S. Separa¬
tors not only skim closest but also

WEAR THE. LONGEST |

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

18 Distributing Warehouse* throughout the United States and Canada.

419

UTPRNFR^ “UNION” FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS

■ ■ Ei Ei aJ ■ w Ei W aro the only thoroughly up-to-date machines in dry fodder cutting. They <
and crush at ono operation. Prepare the nutritious lower stock, making an excellent and much relished food,
waste. Easy to masticate. It is easier to grow two tons of fodder than one torn of hay on tho
same ground. Fodder is equal to hay in feeding value. The corn itself is clear gain. Bhred-
ding attachment for *y.00. You then have cutter, crusher and shredder combined in one.

Hut mueh more expensive than other machines, hut far more valuable. Bend for free booklet

IIEEBNER <fc SONS, 22 Broad St., Lunsdale, Pa.

No

THE WORCESTER

KEMP MANURE SPREADER

THE SPREADER WITHOUT AN EQUAL!

Built by the oldest concern making MANURE
SPREADERS in this country. Twenty-eight
years of experience behind it

Is built to stand hard knocks.

Spreads every kind of barnyard manure.
Leads ail others in improvements.

Built in different sizes, to meet all demands.

Let us send you our booklet, “A Savings Hank
on Wheels.” free to everybody,

THE RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING CO.

Worcester, Massachusetts.

We will pay you $500 in «aih if this engraving is not a correct Ireprodnction of the photograph of
this hog as sent us by Mr.Gasaway, said photograph being on file in our office for inspection.

A I ISO LB. DOG RAPIDLY GROWING TO A 1700 LB JOG

International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear Sirs:— I enclose photograph of our big hog which is
39 inches high, 7% feet long and weighs 1150 pounds. This
hog is strong and active and we believe he will develop into a
1600 or 1700 pound hog with continued use of “International
Stock Food.” Yours truly, THOS. GASAWAY, Latham, Ill.

$^”W» Have Thousands Of Tesfimonlals On File In Our Office And Will Pay You $1000 Cash
If They Were Not Wrltteu To Us by Practical Farmers and Stockbreeders.

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning are made light
by using Louden’s

Feed and Litter
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
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curved tracks. Huns easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above bead.
A labor and time saver — no barn complete
without it. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Tools. Flexible
Barn Door Hangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Louden Machinery Co.
.maggglB B r 3S,B1r°adw1',V'

BA. Fairfield, Iowa.

Dan Patch 1:56 “ Lithograph Free

This Splendid Picture is a Reproduction of a Photograph which was taken by
our own artist. It is 18x24 and in Six Brilliant Colors. It is as life like as
if yon saw Dan coming down tho track and shows him pacing a 1:56 clip
with every footoff of the ground. Every Farmer and Stockman should have
a picture of the Fastest harness horse that has ever appeared on earth. Dan
is in better shape than ever this year and will surely lower his own wonder¬
ful record. In his first public appearance this year ho paced a mile in
1 :59’4 at the Minnesota State Fair and he followed this up in four days with
a mile in 1 :57^ , with the last quarter in :27^ seconds, which is a 1 :50 gait.
Dan has been eating ‘‘International Stock Food" every day for three years
and it has given him better digestion and assimilation and more strength,
endurance and speed. Ho was not a champion when we bought him but
has broken eight world records since that time. &ty='DAN PATCH 1:56 18
OWNED BY INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.'^

THIS BEAUTIFUL PICTURE MAILED FREE PREPAID IF YOU WRITE US

1st.— HOW MI CH STOCK OF AT,I> KINDS DO TOO OWN?

2nd _ NAME PAPER IN >\ HICH YOU SAW THIS OFFER.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.,

MINNEAPOLIS
MINN., U. 8. A.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2908. NEW YORK, OCTOBER 21. 1905. WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

A NEW SPRAYING MIXTURE.

Kerosene, Lime and Sulphur.

1 notice in your notes on page GOO that your results
with K.-L. in killing scale have not been so good as
mine. 1 understand the results in Delaware have been
mostly satisfactory, especially where the mixture was
properly made and thoroughly applied. The one point
which needs emphasis' in the use of K.-L. is the violent
agitation, “pounding, churning and splashing” necessary
to emulsify the mixture. Many people seem to think
that a good stirring with a paddle is all that is neces¬
sary, but they are mistaken, and can never get good
results with K.-L. made that way, because the heavier
lime portion, which is sprayed first, does not contain its
share of kerosene, and although it coats the tree white
it will not kill enough of the scale. The lighter portion
containing free kerosene is sprayed last, and does not
whiten the tree, but is likely to injure it seriously. I
think you will do well to advise the use of 15 per cent

K. -L. on peach trees and 20 per cent on other fruit
trees during the latter half of October or early in
November, preferably in October in the North. The
idea is to catch the scale with their Win¬
ter overcoats unbuttoned, when they are
easily killed. My experience is that 20
per cent K.-L. applied to peaches in No¬
vember did not injure the fruit buds, but
did completely eradicate the scale. Fif¬
teen per cent did the same thing, so I
recommended this strength. In short, I
should say use 15 percent K.-L. on peaches
the latter part of October or early No¬
vember, and 20 per cent again in March
or April, just before the buds swell; in
fact, if the fruit buds are swelling it is
safe to use it. On other fruit trees use
20 per cent K.-L. in October or November
and 20 per cent again in the Spring.

I have a new combination which will
be of interest to fruit growers, it is K.-

L. -S. (kerosene-lime-sulphur). This is a
combination of K.-L. and lime-sulphur
wash, no salt being used. In preliminary
trials it is proving disastrous to the scale.

Naturally it should do so, as it contains the
penetrating and killing power of K.-L.
added to the destructiveness of the sul¬
phide of lime of the lime-sulphur wash.

It penetrates the fuzzy covering on apple

twigs, and that the lime-sulphur-salt wash cannot do.
To make the sulphide of lime use one pound of sul¬
phur and one of lime for each gallon of water, and
boil three-quarters of an hour. When finished add
enough water to replace that lost by boiling. This
can be used either hot or cold with the K.-L. and
should be stirred before being dipped out to be poured
into the K.-L. The 10 per cent K.-L.-S. seems to be
about as effective as 15 per cent K.-L., the sulphide of
lime seeming to be as effective as 5 per cent K.-L. would
be. If it is desired to reduce the expense of kerosene,
the sulphide of lime may be substituted. It will not
do to apply too much sulphide of lime on foliage, or
considerable injury will follow. During the dormant
season it would not matter how much is used. At
present 1 should not use more sulphide of lime than
kerosene in making K.-L.-S., even half as much is very
satisfactory.

Fifty gallons of 10 per cent K.-L.-S. may be used
as follows : Five gallons kerosene ; 20 pounds hydrated
lime; 40 gallons water; five gallons sulphide of lime.
Mix the kerosene and lime together carefully in a
barrel, add a few gallons of water, stir well with a
paddle, add remainder of water, and with a hoe or
nastier, churn, splash and pound the mixture violently

for two or three minutes to emulsify it. Then pour
in the sulphide of l.ime and agitate a minute Qr two

longer. Throw a piece of burlap or canvas over the
barrel while emulsifying the mixture, to keep it from
splashing out. I have made K.-L.-S. by stirring the
sulphide of lime into the sloppy mass of kerosene and
lime, but prefer the method just described. The K.-L.-
S. is more caustic to the face than is K.-L. ; that is,
it “bites" more. I should advocate the use of 10 per
cent to 12 per cent on peaches and 15 per cent to
17)4 per cent on other fruit trees after the middle of
October, and 15 to 20 per cent on all fruit trees in the
Spring. If a man will not spray thoroughly and cover
every portion of the bark from the surface of the
ground, or even below the surface, to the tip of the
outermost twig, he might as well give up the battle
against the scale, and spend his time sitting on a dry-
goods box at the corner grocery in friendly gossip ; one
will be as profitable to him as the other. Too many
men sprinkle their trees, giving them "a slap here and
a dash there,” and call it spraying; then if the scale
dares breed and increase after such rough treatment
the spray mixture and all who advocate it receive a
blessing. We cannot insist too strongly upon the need
of thoroughness in all forms of spraying. c. p. close.

BLACK AND WHITE BOARDERS THAT PAY. Fig 221. See Page 761

BRIEF SPRAYING NOTES.

K.-L. A FAILURE. — We saw on page 698 that spray¬
ing reports are in order. We have to say that 20 per
cent K.-L. Mixture, thoroughly applied, the middle of
March, was a failure with us, seemingly killing only a few
scale. The San Jose scale has increased more the past
year with us than ever before. In the future we shall
u^e crude oil. as that is a sure insecticide, if it does
kill a tree once in a while. P. r». randoeph & sons.

Somerset Co., N. J.

WHEN TO USE. — I saw an interesting article on
page 698 about San Jose scale. I have heard from
many sources that lime-sulphur-salt wash was a sure
thing, and from about as many more I hear that it is a
failure. A neighbor of mine, who is finite an enthu¬
siastic fruit grower, claims he does a clean job with
caustic soda; about eight pounds to 50 gallons water
he has been using, but thinks now that six will do as
well. lie thinks this is so simple and still so effective.
What do you know about that? F. M. c.

Plainfield, N. J.

R. N.-Y. We have seen too many trees ruined by
caustic soda. When too weak to hurt the trees the
soda does not kill all the scale. Lime and sulphur,
when the trees are dormant, is the most popular wash.
We hope that the pew soluble oils will prove useful.

LIME-SULPHUR DOES IT. — I have seen much
comment at different times in Ruralisms, about the
use of lime and sulphur wash for scale. I was greatly
interested in this, as your result has seemed to be un¬
satisfactory. My own experience has been right the
reverse, and as I see you say on page 698 you have
yet to hear from “any real success witli lime-sulphur
washes made in a small way and applied by hand
pump,” this is just what I did and here is my experi
ence: My orchard was affected more or less all over,
but one apple tree, a Winesap, was simply crusted from
top to bottom (tree two years set, and of good growth).
One of our leading growers told me to take no chances,
but to dig it out and burn it. I told him as I had
started to grow fruit, if I had to dig and burn I should
wait and do it all in one job. On March 9 1 mixed
one barrel of lime and sulphur boiled with five pounds
of lye, and used on part of the orchard with hand
pump. About 4 P. M. it commenced to snow and rain,
and took most of it off. March 10 I again mixed lime
and sulphur, this time boiled with H) pounds sal soda,
and went over the whole orchard with hand pump, the
Winesap tree getting both applications. About six days
later we had an ice storm that clung to
the trees, and when it dropped off most
of the mixture seemed to go with it. yet
to this date I have been unable to find a
live scale on the Winesap tree, or on any
other tree in the orchard. Still, there is
no doubt in my mind that there is scale
there; it would simply be wonderful if
there was not. But I am perfectly satis¬
fied with the lime-sulphur wash, and will
say that I have used it many times before
fire-boiled with equally good results, and
think it our best remedy to date. 1 am
setting more trees all the time, with the
belief that I can control the scale.
Kindcrhook, N. Y. w. n.

STICK TO LIME-SULPHUR.— I still
have perfect confidence in the lime, sul¬
phur and salt. I feel the Codling moth
is much harder to control than the San
Jose scale. So far as 1 have heard the
limoid and kerosene is a failure. Several
who used it have told me this. We will
combat the scale in the good old orthodox
way, and stick to the lime-sulphur-salt
mixture. I know we can hold the scale
in check ; I am rather sorry I have to be
obstinate, and stand out against so many able men, who
are old veterans in fruit growing, but so it is; I feel
rather lonely, but I am growing fruit all the same.

New Jersey. wm. h. skillman.

INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON SCION.

We prefer to take all scions and buds from trees
which produce fruit of the type desired. The bearing
age of most standard sorts depends much on location,
fertilization and care. A very thrifty tree as a rule
comes later into bearing full crop, but may produce
some fruit as soon as' others. I' have never used Mc¬
Mahon as a stock for top-working and am not acquaint¬
ed with it, yet I am satisfied that the stock does affect
the bearing age of trees, especially when top-working
or grafting is practiced. I have Gravenstein grafted on
Baldwin and Ben Davis, beside each other. Although
the Ben Davis stock has not produced as large a tree as
the Baldwin stock the trees have borne earlier, and so
far more fruit, yet when the Baldwin stock bears full
crops without doubt they will produce more than the
others, and may prove fully as profitable as the others
in the long run. The greatest advantage I see so far is
that the Ben Davis stock produces the hardiest wood
growth. We have a Gravenstein grafted on a Trans-
cendant crab, which will produce twice as many apples

758

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 31,

as any of the others, and bears every season. But the
apples are inferior in size, and would have to be heavily
thinned to produce fruit of No. 1 quality as we put it
up; yet the tree has proved very profitable. Either
from the large setting of fruit or effect of stock many
have a crab appie look, and ripen up fruit from ]'/ to
2 / inches in diameter, fair and fine color. Perhaps
one-quarter of the fruit might exceed 2/‘ inches, but
they will average only medium in size. The Gravenstein
limbs at present are from one to two inches larger in
diameter than the crab limbs below the grafts. How
long it will continue to bear the immense crop it has
for the last four ‘■easons I cannot say, but I am certain
it will prove shorter-lived than the others. It would
be interesting to try a shy bearer under the same con¬
ditions. For the man who wishes fruit as soon as
possible and on small or medium-sized trees, there are
possibilities in top-working at present little understood.
Possibly some experiment station may take it up after
some practical grower has proved its possibilities.

Massachusetts. _ h. o. mead.

DODDER IN A CLOVER FIELD.

In going through my clover (which was sown last Spring)

I noticed a very yellow, fast-growing plant. It is a vine
without leaves; it has clusters of whitish flowers, which
are, 1 suppose, its seed-producing places. Patches are 10
feet in diameter in places. Is it dodder? Would 1 better
plow under my splendid stand of clover to try to kill this
plant, or let it stand as it is? I suppose I got it last
Spring, as it is only to be found, on the land that I sowed
to clover last Spring: I have never seen anything like it
before. Is it harmful to stock? I was calculating to turn
into the clover this week ; the clover is rank in growth, a
great deal of it out in blossom, and about 16 acres of it.

I hate to plow it under, as I need the prospective hay :
neither have we the time to spend in plowing it under. The
vine grows thick and fast around the clover stalks. Can
you tell me if I let it go to seed will its seeds lie dormant
in the land from one year to another, or when the land
is plowed will that he the last of it? j. a. u.

Skanea teles. N. Y.

Without doubt this is dodder. If the field is quite
thoroughly infested probably the best way to get rid of
the pest is to plow' and work the land, but if the dodder
patches occur only at intervals, and are not so numerous
but that attention may be given to them individually,
they may be exterminated without sacrificing the stand
of clover. Any method by which these plants will be
prevented from producing seed will work their destruc¬
tion at that point, as the vines do not live through the
Winter. '1 bis may be accomplished by frequent, very
close mowing and the raking off and destroying of the
cuttings if the plants were approaching seed time. As
dodder does not usually seed till rather late in
the season, ordinarily no seeds are produced before
the first cutting of the clover in the case of meadow lan ’,
but if the second cutting is delayed frequently seed will
be matured. Effort has been made to destroy the dod¬
der in these patches by some sort of chemical spray, but
without great success. Often the parts of dodder that
are touched by the spray will be destroyed, but almost
invariably little coils of dodder about the clover or
Alfalfa plant will remain, and these are sufficient for a
new grow'th to be started, so that the result of the spray¬
ing is not a complete destruction of the pest. About
the most satisfactory method for handling these patches
is to mow close to the ground, and when the cutting is
dry pile on to this patch six or 12 inches of straw and
burn it over. The heat will be sufficient to kill all the
dodder that may not have been cut off in the mowing,
and also any seed that may have matured and fallen on
the surface of the ground. Usually this burning will
result in the destruction of the clover or Alfalfa on this
area. As it prevents the further spread of the dodder
and the clover can be reseeded at these spots it is a
fairly satisfactory method of getting rid of the pest.
There probably is no danger to stock from pasturing
on dodder affected fields, nor is there any published data
as to the vitality of the dodder seeds when retained in
the soil. It is probable that a rotation of tilled crops
will result in the destruction of the dodder seeds that
may chance to have matured on the land.

[Prof.] j. L. STONE.

INFORMATION ABOUT GREENHOUSES.

I desire a little information in regard to heating a green¬
house by hot water. I wish to use two flow' pipes, one
three-inch and the other two-inch. IIow many lines of two-
inch return pipe, each line 100 feet long, would supply the
three-inch flow? IIow many lines of two-incli pipe same
length as above would the two-inch flow supply? How
much fall in 100 feet should the flow' pipes have to work
well? Should each flow' be connected with the expansion
tank? Would it do to connect one flow' with tank, and place
a small pipe at highest point of other flow for escape of
air? Would it do to connect the returns from both flow
pipes and return to boiler in one three-inch pipe?

Dongola. Ill. M. L. b.

One three-inch main flow pipe would supply three
lines of two-inch pipe satisfactorily, provided that a
boiler of sufficient heating capacity be used. A two-
inch main ought not to be depended upon to supply
more than two lines of two-inch pipe. It is under¬
stood from the following question that the open circu¬

lation system of heating is contemplated, and in that
case it is best to allow a fall of one foot to 100, but
where the pressure system is used, a fall of eight inches
lo 100 feet is ample. The best location for the expan¬
sion tank would be on ihe main near to the boiler, and
then to place a small pipe at the highest point on each
run of piping for the escape of air. If the boiler has a
return inlet on each side it would be better to connect

STRAWBERRY BREEDING PEN AT HOPE' FARM. Fig.
322. See Hope Farm Notes, Page 763.

the two returns independently to the opposite sides of
the boiler, from tbe fact that if both lines of piping run
into one three-inch pipe, and thence into the boiler, it
would have a tendency to choke the circulation at the
point where the least friction is desired, the rapidity of
the circulation depending largely upon the freedom with
which the heavier cold water may pass into the boiler
at the bottom, and thus force out the hot water from
the top.

I have a greenhouse 22 x 100. I have run it three years,
and the benches are rotten and tumbling down. IIow would
it do if I take out the benches and plant crop on ground,
and have no benches ? 1 grow lettuce, cauliflower and cu¬

cumbers. Lettuce has always done well, and cauliflower
fairly well ; cucumbers never did well. Sides of house art
four feet from the ground ; gable about 10 feet. Roof lias
about five feet pitch. . it. m.

Three years is the average limit of usefulness for a
wooden bench in a greenhouse, and it would doubtless
be more satisfactory and economical in the long run to
use solid beds on the ground for these crops, with the
possible exception of the cucumbers, though these are
grown in the solid beds, following lettuce, by the big
New England growers, who give hotbed conditions at

NEW ENGLAND OXEN ON THE ROLLER. Fig. 323.

the roots, and a tropical temperature overhead. I f
there is no glass in the sides of the greenhouse, it may
not be the best method for the cucumbers to be grown
in solid beds so far from the roof, but lettuce and cauli¬
flower ought to grow better upon the solid bed than
on the benches. The solid beds may be raised above the
floor level by surrounding them with a concrete wall
to the required height, for example, a wall one foot high
above the ground, and four inches thick, would make
a permanent job and be comparatively inexpensive.

W. H. TAPLIN. £

Sst.

HANDLING QUACK ROOTS.

There is just one best way to dispose of them. It is
to take them all out of the ground the easiest way that
you c?n with plow, cultivators, and harrows, with a team
to" handle them; bring the roots to the top of the ground
in dry weather, draw them off and rot them or burn
them when dry, as they will make good ashes. Quack
roots arc found within four inches from the top of the
ground, so you need to plow but four of five inches
deep, having but little dirt to handle; then cultivate to
loosen the roots in dry weather, harrow and haul them
together in rows or heaps, then haul them off. Do this
several times during the Summer, and the roots will not
bother you again for years until you draw more quack
seed from the manure pile or with hay or grain. You
will lose the use of the land one season beside some
labor, but your land is now ready for a crop of wheat
or rye, or Spring grain, potatoes, cabbage or corn. Hav¬
ing practiced this kind of treatment for a long lifetime
I know it to be a sure remedy, and much better than
to keep along raising from one-half to one-quarter of
a crop each year, and perhaps much hand hoeing thrown
in for beans, potatoes and corn. Some advocate deep
covering with the plow to get rid of quack roots ; I have
never known the roots covered so deep and thoroughly
that multitudes of ends would not be left near the top
of the ground to live and prosper, as must be the case
by any common method of plowing; as a rule, the more
the ground is plowed the more they multiply and thrive
unless taken out. Quack can be killed when not too
heavily stocked with roots by planting early potatoes.
If sod ground plow in the Fall,' to get the sod more
thoroughly decayed before Spring, plow not more than
five inches deep, cultivate all the roots out you can be¬
fore planting; row the potatoes both ways, cultivate
and hoe all Summer, don't let the quack-grass grow at
all or any weeds. Dig with a potato digger ; don’t plow
the ground after digging, but cultivate and drag all the
remaining roots out and take them off ; your land will be
in fine condition for sowing to wheat or rye or to use
for Spring crops. Nothing better than potatoes to pre¬
cede wheat. R. C. TROWBRIDGE.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

WORKING OUT A ROTATION.

A reader in Wisconsin has sent us the following- question
in regard to figuring out a crop rotation for an 80-acre
farm : “Will some of your practical farmers figure out a
proper crop rotation for a series of years, say five years, on
new land, the first crop to he as follows and the average
80 acres? Clover, 30 acres: potatoes, 20 acres; wheat, 20
acres ; corn, 10 acres: the same average of crops to he
planted each year." How would you arrange a farm of this
kind?

I would turn under the clover either in the Fall, and
disk thoroughly in the Spring, or turn it under in the
Spring near the first of June, after it has made consid¬
erable growth, and plant immediately to corn and pota¬
toes; then follow these crops with wheat and seed to
clover, always putting all the manure possible on the
clover before turning under. The more clover you turn
under with it the better. daniel porter.

Sauk Co., Wis.

The unknown quantities in this proposition are numer¬
ous. As nothing is said about live stock or pasture we
will have to guess there isn’t any. The arrange¬
ment as presented for the first year stands 30 acres
mowed ; 30 acres hoed ; 20 acres sowed. Now, if in¬
quirer means that lie wishes to maintain a somewhat
similar division, without live stock, let him cut the farm
into three equal parts; then, following the same ar¬
rangement, and sowing clover in the wheat, w,e have
this three-year rotation: 26 acres clover; 26 acres corn
and potatoes; 26 acres wheat. But if he wants a
longer rotation without live stock 20 acres each of
clover, corn, potatoes and wheat give a four-year rota¬
tion that ought to be satisfactory for a few years on
new land. In this, the southern part of the State, it is
customary to sow Timothy with the clover, making a
longer-lived meadow, and one which may be pastured
for several years if desirable. I would keep some live
stock and pasture 15 acres of the meadow. Then the
clover hay, cornstalks and wheat straw would be turned
into dollars and manure, the latter to be turned under
with the clover sod when plowing for corn. After sev¬
eral years’ experience in growing potatoes on a large
scale, I can say that on the average soil in this, Wal¬
worth County, the potatoes should follow the corn.
With the disk or cultivator a very good seed bed can
be made for the wheat on the potato ground without
plowing. By seeding to Timothy and clover in the
wheat a very good meadow for either mowing or pas¬
ture would be secured. I would want to seed down,
fence and pasture for a few years a field convenient to
the buildings and water supply, during which time it
would be cut out of the rotation. Then it should be
plowed up and cropped in rotation, the pasture being
shifted to another nearby field. After allowing about
five acres for buildings, yards, feed lots, etc., we have
five 15-acre tracts, one of which is pastured and the
other four cropped in rotation. This makes a four-year
arrangement with very nice-sized fields for the crops
stated. Such a plan, in general, is what I would recom¬
mend, and it is what I would try to follow if I were
raising potatoes so largely. c. M. topping,

Wisconsin,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,'

759

DRAINING A DAMP CELLAR.

Our bouse is an upright 20 x 2(5. There are two wings,
each about 15 x 17 feet. There is a cellar under front
part of upright with a bricic floor, and an unpaved cellar
under all the rest of house. Plan is shown in Fig. 324.
This cellar is about forty inches below grade; is always
very damp. Floor is not much above level of district ditch.
Cellar unpaved holds steam boiler for heating house, and
an asbestos-covered pipe runs through front cellar — dotted
lines. Windows open except in Winter. Sentiment in re-

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W IV

d>

to

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V, *

l

u)ov-\, -

i

1

! *

. -

V

i'O (r-fe •

r~i

- a

DRAINING A CELLAR. Fig. 324.

gard to the proper mode of action differs. Some says tile
it and drain to a small cistern to be built in door to hold
drainage. Others say tile it and drain to a cistern to be
dug outside of cellar. Others say it cannot be drained. In
the meantime I have been suffering from the dampness for
two Winters and three Summers, and have concluded to go
to headquarters. The country is somewhat flat ; they claim
there is 24 feet fall to Lake St. Clair, three miles away,
and the district ditch is sometimes Lilly taxed to carry off
water. The boiler pit, about 4x6 feet, is still deeper than
cellar floor — about a foot. This Spring it was full of
water. j. D. 0. s.

Michigan.

Cellars in level and poorly drained locations fre¬
quently offer serious difficulties in the matter of damp¬
ness or surplus water. In the case here described the
first remedy to suggest itself is to drain to the district
ditch, which is only 60 feet away, and somewhat below
the level of the cellar floor. But the probabilities are
that in wet times the ditch runs full, and would back
water in the cellar. If such was not the case, this
obvious remedy would have been considered. As re¬
gards to tiling the bottom of the cellar and draining
into a cistern it is not as satisfactory a method as would
seem. 1 he necessity of keeping down the water in the
cistern below the cellar level requires much attention
in a wet time or special machinery to accomplish that
end automatically. Then too, tiling, while effective to
remove surplus water, will give little benefit in remov¬
ing the dampness complained of. If such plan is
adopted the cistern should be outside the cellar. T
would recommend, as the best way out of the difficulty,
to cement the cellar walls and floor with a coating of
good Portland cement. This, if well done, and if it
does not crack, will be water and moisture proof. This
job should be entrusted to an experienced mason, who
knows how to mix and apply the material properly.
These things depend upon circumstances which cannot
well be taken in account in giving directions by letter
from a distance. The only thing which might render
this plan abortive is the outside pressure of the water
causing the cement to crack and leak. But, from the
fact that there is so little water coming into the cellar as
only to fill the boiler pit in a wet spell, I think that
there will be no trouble in this way. If there should
be, however, the difficulty could be obviated by digging
a trench around the outside of the cellar wall and lay¬
ing tile all around at about the mean depth of the
cellar floor, and draining into a cistern as has been sug¬
gested. This, on the whole, would make rather an ex¬
pensive improvement, but it certainly would remove all
trouble on account of the dampness and water. The
trench above the tile should be filled with cobblestones
to the surface of the ground nearly. This would pre¬
vent water accumulating and pressing against the ce¬
ment wall if such should prove to be the case. I think
it will not. however. If drain should have to be made
use 2^2-inch round tile unglazed. Put no cement at
the joints. Give it a grade of one foot to 100 feet.

G. DAVIS.

WATER SUPPLY FOR THE FARM.

I wish to improve the water supply on my farm. The
water comes from an excellent spring, and if all were taken
it would fill a six-inch pipe ; so there is no question of quan¬
tity at that end. But the former owner of the farm made
the mistake of putting down a half-inch pipe, except for
about 30 feet at the upper end. The spring is 2,200 feet
from the buildings. The small pipe does not bring water
enough. There are about 20 head of cattle, besides horses
and pigs. How large a pipe should be laid so as to fur¬
nish ample water for a dairy of that size; for house use;
for all the necessary washing of carriages, vegetables, dairy
utensils and the cleansing of stables, etc.? I understand
that it is advisable to lay larger pipe at the upper end
than the rest of the way. What part of the whole distance
should be of this increased size of pipe? The pipe that is
in now has been down about four years. Can I take it
up, divide it into four equal sections and lay these side by
side at the lower end of the course and join the new pipe
to these, and thus save the expense of getting new pipe for
the whole distance? Will it work, and will I get more than
four times as much water, because of lessened friction in
the larger pipe, than the old pipe gives? The spring is
about 30 feet above the buildings. IIow deep should the

pipe be put down for best results? Fig. 320 shows ap¬
proximately the course of the pipe and my idea of the way
to lay it. h. m.

Pennsylvania.

The inquirer should plan to abandon the thought of
utilizing any considerable portion of the half-inch pipe
in the contemplated water service. Whether in the
house, in the barn or at the dairy it will very often be
desirable to fill a pail of water in less than one minute.
With the pressure that is likely to be available under
the conditions named a half-inch stream is likely to be
too small for all service except that of maintaining
water in troughs or tanks for stock. The better plan
will be to exchange the pipe for larger size, even though
a large reduction will be necessary. If it is the ordi¬
nary black pipe, he is likely to find it much rusted and
perhaps partly clogged with rust. At any rate the con¬
dition of the pipe should be carefully determined by a
thorough examination as the first preliminary. If much
corrosion is found, it will be desirable to use g^vanized
pipe instead, or better, kalameined pipe. With a fall
of 30 feet an inch pipe might be expected to deliver
where no clogging occurs not far from 650 cubic feet
of water in 24 hours when the length of the pipe is
2,200 feet, less rather than more than the amount
stated; not more than three gallons per minute. A
two-inch pipe would have a capacity of about 3,600 cubic
feet per 24 hours; and a lj4-inch pipe 1,755 cubic feet
in the same time. In the case of a half-inch pipe 550

RIPE FRUIT OF AKEBIA QUINATA, NATURAL SIZE.

Fig. 325. Se Ruralisms, Page 762.

feet long and under a pressure of 30 feet it could not
be expected to deliver more than 230 cubic feet per
hour. We have selected 550 feet in this case because
his drawing appears to indicate that about this length
of half-inch pipe is the amount it was hoped might be
used. Of course the pressure on the half-inch pipe
during flow would be reduced by friction in the pipe
above so the possible capacity would be below the
amount stated and much too small. Nothing smaller
than an inch pipe should be used between the spring
and the farmstead and 34- inch for distribution. A bet¬
ter plan would be to use lj4-inch pipe for the upper
half of the distance.

If water is to run continuously it is possible that a
depth of four feet would be Safe against freezing; but
if not five feet at least would be required. No practi¬
cable depth would secure cool water during the Sum¬
mer, as the soil temperature will rise above 60 to 65
degrees F. If the volume of the spring is that stated,
at the lowest stage, and if the topography is such that
the water could be led by a uniform or slightly increas¬
ing grade to within 400 or 500 feet of the house, and
still have an elevation of 15 to 20 feet, and if there
would be no difficulty in disposing of waste water at
that place, it would be much cheaper to lead the water
to a small cement-lined cistern through three-inch tile
laid four feet deep on a grade of six inches, or a little
more, to the 100 feet. A good quality of drain tile well
laid would deliver an abundance of water and would be
permanent. This suggestion is made only on the con¬
dition that the pipe would be laid all the way under
clean fields where there would be no sources of pollu¬
tion other than the very slight direct percolation of rain
that falls directly above the line of tile, and further
that the subsoil' is a close and nearly impervious clay,

through which there would be but a comparatively small
loss of water by seepage. Sewer pipe with cemented
joints would be much better and safer, and they might
be cheaper than the iron pipe. It would be necessary
also that trees whose roots seek water be kept well
back from the line of drain tile, or the roots would enter

and clog them. It must be observed that we have

stated the capacity of the pipe on the basis of a full fall
of 30 feet; if, however, the fall stated makes no allow¬
ance for the elevation of the discharge above the level
of the surface of the ground the delivery will be less
than the amounts indicated above. With an effective
head of 15 feet 2,200 feet of one-inch pipe would de¬
liver only about 450 cubic feet in 24 hours instead of

650 cubic feeet. _

KEEPING VEGETABLES FOR WINTER USE.

The keeping of Winter vegetables can be greatly fa¬
cilitated by using some care at planting time in the se¬
lection of varieties that are best suited for long keeping.
A list of vegetables must be selected largely from exper¬
ience with the different varieties on the soil and in the
particular locality to which they are adapted. For
celery select short-growing, hardy varieties such as
White Plume or Boston Market; short, thick varieties
of carrots, such as Oxheart, Danvers or similar sorts;
parsnips. Improved White, Salsify, Sandwich Island.
For convenient storage we prefer a deep, dry, well-
ventilated cellar, directly under the house.

Leave the vegetables in the garden as late as you can
safely, and select if possible a dry, bright day for gath¬
ering, hurrying them into the cellar as fast as possible.
For celery prepare a place in one corner of the cellar
by covering the floor with several inches of fine slightly
moist garden soil, and place a foot-wide board along
the outside, so as to hold all into a compact mass.
Raise the celery carefully from the trenches with a
good, sharp spade, leaving a portion of the soil adhering
to the roots; trim away all broken or worthless leaves,
and pack carefully, commencing at one end of bin,
placing the bunches closely together, and pressing the
loose dirt well around the roots and well up the stems.
If a little care is used in putting in and taking out a
good supply can be had all Winter. Pull cabbages a
few days before storage if possible and stand on head
in field, so that any surplus water may drain away. Se¬
lect a nice, dry, empty barrel, throw about two inches
of soil in the bottom, cut the heads from the stems,
trim off a part of surplus leaves, wrapping the remain¬
ing ones closely on the head, and pack tightly in rows,
bottom side up; a layer of cabbages and then a layer of
dirt, working the dirt down well into any vacant spaces,
so as to stop the air. Fill to the top, finishing with
about three inches of dirt.

Carrots, beets and turnips need about the same treat¬
ment. Raise carefully from the ground so as to avoid
all bruising; cut off the tops with a sharp knife about
one-quarter to one-half inch from the crown. Always
be careful not to cut into the vegetable. For conveni¬
ence sake we generally pack these in boxes holding
about a bushel each, commencing with a layer of dirt,
placing the vegetables carefully in layers, and shaking
the dirt well down among them. Parsnips and salsify
we pack in the same way, but leave outside until they
have become well chilled through. Pumpkins and
squashes should be left in the field until the frost has
killed the vines, and then after a few days of sunshine
on the middle of some good bright day cut them from
the vines with a sharp corn knife and handle with ex¬
treme care ; they must not be bruised at all. Place on

PLAN FOR A WATER SUPPLY. Fig. 326.

shelves in the brightest and coldest part of the cellar,
the colder the better, so they do not freeze.

Onions should be pulled, topped and well cured in
an open shed before taking into the cellar. We have
had the best success with small, shallow crates holding
about one-half bushel and not over four inches deep.
Radishes, the large White Winter, can be kept fresh by
packing same as beets or turnips. Potatoes we keep in
a large open bin; they should be carefully sorted before
placing in bins and should be housed in a moderately
dry condition. F. b. van ornam.

76o

'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 21,

FARMERS’ CLUB

fEvery query must lie accompanied l>y
the name and address of (lie writer to in
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

FAILURE OF A MICHIGAN ORCHARD

I. L. R., Bancroft , Mich. — What shall I do
with my orchard? It covers two acres and is
of choice varieties, and the trees look healthy,
hut they hear very little, and fruit is small
and wormy. The ground is seeded to clover
now, hut has been plowed and raised a crop
of potatoes and oats since I have owned it.
It blooms full in the Spring, hut fails to hear
any fruit. I have two large apricot trees
which bloom full hut never hear any fruit.
Orchards are almost worthless in this part
of Michigan : they might as well he cut down
as they are of no value to the farmer. This
used to he a great fruit belt and thousands of
barrels of apples were shipped out every Fall.

I. L. R. is in the same position
as hundreds of others in this and other
States. For the last few years fruit grow¬
ers have had a good many obstacles to
contend with, and very many are losing
their nerve. I he excessive rains have
developed a large amount of fungi, which
have seriously lowered the vitality of the
trees, and in this weakened condition the
severe Winters have left many orchards
hopelessly ruined. The demand for fruit
is constantly on the increase, and these
periods of depression will surely he fol¬
lowed by successful seasons. While ap¬
ples here this year are nearly a failure,
many peach orchards are giving good re¬
turns. Our friend fails to state the kind
of orchard, but should judge mostly ap¬
ple. In the first place, 1 would never
raise a crop of grain or vegetables in an
orchard after setting two years; would
try to get 1 50 or 200 bushels of unleached
ashes to put in this orchard late this Fall
or Winter, or early Spring. Spray thor¬
oughly once before blooming and twice
after. Plow early in Spring, and culti¬
vate until about middle of July. Trim
twice a year, once in Spring and again
in Summer, taking out all suckers
If this treatment is not followed by
good results the chances are the location is
not suitable. Apricots seldom do well
here, and one or two isolated trees some¬
times fail to fertilize the blossoms. There
are still good profitable orchards in nearly
all parts of the State, but they are owned
and operated by men who make a careful
study of the business. These orchards are
thoroughly sprayed, judiciously cultivated,
pruned and fertilized. l. j. post.

Kent Co.. Mich.

The failure of your correspondent’s
trees to bear useful fruit is more than
likely due to lack of spraying, pruning
and good care in general. Shiawassee
County in soil and climate is admirably
adapted to apple growing. A generation
ago it was considered one of the best
counties in the State for apples, and many
fine orchards may be found there still,
but the orchards in that part of the State
are neglected and made secondary to gen¬
eral farming. There are no especial trou¬
bles that T know of afflicting the apple
orchards of Shiawassee County that are
not found in all apple growing regions.
Your correspondent should be advised to
prune, spray and till, and give his apple
trees the same thoughtful care that he
probably gives his cattle or other farm
crops, and T am sure if his is an average
orchard for that part of Michigan the
trees will bear the “useful fruit” which he
says is now wholly lacking.

U. P. HEDRICK.

Water-Glass Questions.

IT’. J).. Highland, A7. V. — Is it natural for
water-glass when diluted and put on eggs to
become thick like jelly? When the water-
glass hardens will it keep the eggs in as
good condition as when it remains in the
liquid form? My eggs were put in water-
glass on .Tune 20. and it remained in the
liquid form till August 30, when I took out
some, and from that time it began to thick¬
en They were kept in a stone jar with
no covering. At this writing one cannot
tell the eggs from fresh.

Ans. — It appears quite common for

water glass in which eggs are preserved to
thicken somewhat during midsummer,
owing, probably, to some chemical reac¬
tion of the silicate with the lime of the
egg shells. This thickening does not seem
to injure the preserving quality, of the
water glass in the least. We have just
used eggs which were put up 18 months
ago, in which the water glass had thick¬
ened to a white jelly. The eggs were in
as good condition as when first placed in
the solution, and were used for ordinary
kitchen purposes. It is probably better to
cover the jars to reduce evaporation of
water, which will possibly increase the
tendency of the water glass to thicken.

Rights of Photography.

If A is an amateur photographer, and
gives some of his finest pictures to his friend
II, has B any right to fake the pictures thal
A gave him, and fix them in a frame (under
a glass), then hang them up in some public
place for an advertisement, and sign his
name to them as the photographer who took
them? At the same time A's name is at the
bottom of each card, hut IT so arranges them,
(lapped over one another) that A's name is
out of sight. Isn't this just the same as
forging? What is the penalty in New York
State? k.

Vermont.

The photographs became the properly
of B through gift from A. B has a right
therefore to do what he pleases with them,
even to sign his name on them, however
reprehensible this may be morally. If B
should sell the pictures as his own work,
a technical question might arise as to
whether he was not guilty of fraud. On
the facts staged B is merely guilty of the
discourtesy of striving to take credit to
himself for the work of a friend.

Hen Manure With Fertilizer.

T'. J. D., Bellows Falls, I t. — What would
he the best way to use sulphate of potasli
with hen manure? Would it he wise to use
lien manure in hills for potatoes? Would
it he advisable to use ground hones, plaster
and lien manure together? How would you
use hen manure on corn? Would you use
kainit on corn with hen manure? I shall
have about 100 barrels of hen manure in the
Spring and wish to use it to best advantage
on corn and potatoes.

Ans. — Where one is willing to take the
trouble it will pay to mix hen manure
with chemicals. It must be made as fine
as possible. If plaster is used at all scat¬
ter it under the roots on the fresh ma¬
nure. This will dry the manure into hard
chunks, which should be kept in a dry
place. In the Spring crush those chunks.
If you have no mill crush them with a
maul or* spade on a hard floor. Sift
through a fine sieve. We would mix
ground bone and sulphate of potash with
the fine manure — 300 pounds potash, 500
of ground bone and 1,200 of manure will
make a good combination. No need of
adding plaster. Hen manure can be used
in the hill. Some of the best yields of
potatoes we have ever known were grown
in that way, but we do not call it the
best practice to put all the fertilizer in the
hill. We would use for corn the same as
for potatoes — scattering around the hill
or drill. On general principles we would
use muriate of potash instead of kainit.
It takes four times as much of the kainit

to obtain as much potash, and the potash
an the muriate is cheaper.

On an Ocean Steamer. — The Wif,e:
“Shall I have your dinner brought to the
room, dear?” Husband (feebly) : “No.
Just order it thrown overboard.” — Life.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

HARNESS M°a’ll

Our plan of Belling custom-made, oak-tanned harness
by mail, direct from the factory at wholesale prices is
a big saving to every farmer. All harness is guaranteed
If it’s faulty in any way. return it and get your money
back. Write for 1 1 1ns rated catalogue K and pricelist.

'I HE KING IIAKNhSS CO ., 6 l,ai6 SI. , IIhcho, t.'o^a Co. , N. Y.

IUBBER-TIRETOP BUGGY $C|.60

With leather - quarter top
and all up-to-date appoint¬
ments. Guaranteed 2 yrs.
Sold on 80 davfi free trial.

51=

This ami many other bargains
fully described in our free cata¬
log. We are bona-tide manufac¬
turers, and sell direct to you at
factory prices. Satisfaction guar-
an teed. Write for free catalog.

U. S. FUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say that
the best Investment they ever made was
when they bought an

Electric Ha Wagon

Low wheels, wide tires; easy work, 1 ight draft.
We’ll sell you a set of the best steel wheels
made for your old wagon. Spoke united with
hub . guaranteed not to break nor work loose.
Send for our catalogue and save money.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 88. Quincy, III.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

RURAL MAIL BOX.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market,
Don 'the deceived
by pictures that
look like

“ The Hessler.”

To get the best,
insist on having
the Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not the im¬
itation. Agents
wanted in every
town.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Syraeuse.N.Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

Harrison’s

Fruit Trees

Plant select stock, your reward
will come. Nothing that’s only
ordinary ever goes out from
Harrison’s.

Wc Want the Trade of People
Who Want the Best.

We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes
and Strawberries — over 1,000
acres. It pays to get acquaint¬
ed with Harrison trees. 1905
catalog goes free wherever in¬
vited.

HARRISON S NURSERIES.
Box 29, _ Berlin, Md.

^-GRAPEVINES

100 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, «fce. Beet root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDONIA.N.V.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send foronr liberal termsof distri-
' bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, M

A man maybe a monkey or make a fool of himself
hut has no right to abuse the privilege, which a farmer
does when in these days of grab he tries to make a
success of farming without scales. This being such a
self evident proposition that the only question is what
scale is it for his best interest to buy. We of course
say the Jones Why? Because that will put money in
our pockets and because tve honestly believe it to be
the best scale and we know that it is sold at a lower
price than any other scale that comes anywhere near
it in value, and don't you forget that Jones he Pays
the Freight, and if lost, broken or stolen it is his loss
not yours, and another condition is satisfaction or no
sale- Think of it, a strictly first-class wagon scale
8x14, steel lever, solid brass double beam, beam box,
fully warranted, and a hoy to tend it if you wish,
for only $35.00.

397 of these scales sold and not one has been sent
hack. Ail sizes, as low. Address,

JONES OF BINGHAMTON
Box 3311). BINGHAMTON, N. Y.

v 1UCI -uaenmery— ,-sena tor i ataiogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A TDTDT T-T CJ
have paid well this season. We ill I LLO
have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

FRUIT TREES

We nave a fine lot of JUNE BUI)
and one year old Poach Trees;
one and two year Apple. Pear,
Cherry and Plum; Shade Trees.
Shrubbery, Roses, Grapes, etc.
Strawberry Plants by the million.
Write for Catalogue and Prices.
Mention this paper.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,

Chattanooga, Tenn.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, Ca ifornia
Privet, Asparagus and Perry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine, fend us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

Potatoes. — Carman, Cobbler, Noroton Beauty, Gold
Coin, Hustler, Longfellow. (’. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

FOR

Peas, $1.75 bushel.

^ I P— Crimson Clover Seed,
CIMLiEb $5.50 per bushel ; Cow
,J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

PEACH

and other FRUIT TRFIES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stoekley. Del

DA MOV Mme. Ferret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
I Hllu I White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for
florists and market gardeners. Silver Medal at the
St. Louis Exposition. BEAULIEU.Woodhaven, N.Y.

J?

MM'

ERCKRANS TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 years'in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMJiNS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

CCCri POTATO tMs Fnl1 while they are

OLLU lU I H I ULO cheap, my Second-Crop Seed
are the best by test, North East South and West.
Strawberry plants, etc. Catalogue free.

J. W. HALL, Marion Station, Md.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address.

JOS. II. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N.J.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock-
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWFRS
and DEALERS ORDERS. C an save yon 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

Special Sale of Fruit Trees.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO— $5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Itans. Box 7 3.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra line Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurseries,
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fi uit, Shade and ornamental
trees. Tb>s is a rare chance to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices.
Wr . te them for prices, stating the amount
wanted.

MOW IS THE TIME TO TRANSPLANT

Bear in mind that Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants succeed best if planted in
Send for the Illustrated Catalogue of the famous DWYER FRUIT AND OI

the autumn.

- . ...alogue of the famous DWYER FBI IT AND ORNAMENTAL SHADE
TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, CREEPING VINES AND SMALL FRUITS, We have on hand a full
line of hardy, vigorous, acclimated stock grown in our own nurseries, guaranteed true to name, free from
disease,— sure to grow and give satisfaction We do Landscape Gardening m all its branches.

Our Catalogue mailed FREE Write to-day T. J. DVVYLK & CO., Box l, Cornwall, N. Y.

BULBS

for the lawn and
pleasure ground.

Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, <fce.
Our New Bulb Cataloguk is sent fiee. It tells
all about tue best bulbs, also seasonable seeds and
plants, including our celebrated grass mixtures

FOR FALL
PLANTING

HE AIRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa

^ P* A DCD |<in PRPIftUT DAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina

II I I rtn IUU^ rntlun I iAIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.

nri1 Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Rememberwe heat all other reliable

| | | ^ Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y-

APPLE GROWERS

who are working for
the production of the
RREEDER (Free).

BEST APPLES IN THE WORLD

cannot afford to miss
our new TREE

It will be of no interest to those who seek novelties, long lists of varieties, or
the '‘cheapest "trees. Weofforyou “SPECIAL SERVICE”— personal attention andsafety.

APPLE BREEDERS, ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, H. Y.

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

76 1

A TALK ABOUT PEACHES.

Oil page (5!) 7, Mr. Blackwell refers to
Chair’s Choice as “so near Crawford's Late
sis to be practically the same." I must take
issue with him. It does belong to the Melo-
coton class of peaches, but I think it such
an improvement on Crawford or any of the
same class that it is away ahead of any of
them. II is round always, where Crawford
3s often oblong. It is always large to very
large, which Crawford is not. and is usually
more highly colored and better flavor. Its
season is somewhat later than Crawford
also. The tree is more spreading, and in the
same orchard I have frequently had a good
crop of Chair’s and scarcely any Crawfords.
Beers I find a good peach, but I do not sec
any improvement on Crawford. Brandywine
is much larger and some days later, but too
shy to be profitable here. I cannot see why Mr.
Blackwell mentions Reeves Favorite as being
“interchangeable” with the above. It does
not even belong to the same class of peaches,
and is much earlier, about two weeks, than
any of the above. The tree is more up¬
right. the leaves fade yellow, while those of
all the above fade red. It is a remarkably
line peach, very large and of the l>est qual¬
ity sometimes shy, but when it does bear,
very full. As to peaches of the Chinese
type, most of the present planting are of that
class. The are not as good quality, but they
bear young and are very large, and always
sell, so most planters are using them largely.
Carman, Connett's, Ray, Bequett Free, Greens¬
boro, Mamie Ross, Belle of Georgia, IT i ley,
Chinese Free, Elberta. Family Favorite and
many of the recent introductions belong to
this type and there are perhaps more El
berta planted than all others combined. I had
a fair crop last year on three-year trees of
Connett's, Carman and Elberta, and no Chairs
in the same orchard. That is one big ad¬
vantage of the Chinese type, they bear young.
In regard to Smocks, Mr. Blackwell says he
never saw any difference in any of them.
There is as much difference between the old
Smock Free and Beer’s Smock as there is
between Smock and Elberta. Gray's Hold-
On, Large Late Yellow, Wonderful, Smock
Cling and several others belong to the same
class, but there is more or less difference in
them all, in color, shape, quality or produc¬
tiveness. MeCallister is a cross between
Crawford and Smock, a large egg-shaped
yellow peach of much better quality than
Smock and not so much color as Crawford, rip¬
ening between the two. Soils and climates
affect peaches so much that what I have
written may not do at all in New Jersey.

Delaware. chas. wuigiit.

PRODUCTS, PRICES, AND TRADE.

Soap Business Good. — An Ohio concern
engaged in the manufacture of soap, cotton
oil and lard is. reported to be looking for a
site for an extensive plant near New York.
This company has about .$6,000,000 of com¬
mon stock on which it has paid 12 per cent
for several years, and this stock is now worth
something more than 400. Another soap
plant, claiming to be the largest and most
complete in the world is now being put up
within 10 miles of New York on the New
Jersey meadows.

Fit u its. — Apples a re meeting a good steady
trade. Fall kinds going at $2.50 to $4 and
Winter sorts, .$1.75 to .$.‘1.25. Reports from
the field show growers firm in their ideas
of prices, perhaps too much so in some cases.
Yet thus far there is nothing to indicate any
material drop from present figures. A little
scare talk has been going' the rounds on ac¬
count of the low prices which some ship¬
ments to Europe have brought. Investiga¬
tion shows that most of this cutting was
due to the poor quality of the fruit or slack
packing. Such apples cannot lie profitably
shipped to Europe. But to use these results
(as some have) as an argument for low
prices on good fruit here, is as absurd as to
say that because rotten eggs have sold for
•$1 for per 30-dozen case, rresh eggs should
not bring more than twice as much. Peaches
are getting scarce and decidedly poor. Grape
trade is moving along briskly, prices being
at a range that encourages heavy buying by
consumers.

Nuts. — The harvest season in the North is
here, and with largely increased shipments,
very low prices have been the rule the past
week. Some chestnuts have sold at -$2 per
bushel and hickorynuts, .$1. But the de¬
mand for chestnuts is very good, and the
latter part of the week prices improved a
little. There is a large street retail trade in
chestnuts which hickorynuts never get. as the
latter must be cracked and cannot be eaten
on the run as with chestnuts. After a
heavy storm, chestnuts usually arrive in
such large quantities that for a day or two
they can hardly be sold. In such cases those
who hold back their crop for several days
usually do better. Of course, if everyone did
this, the result would be different, but
enough ship at once to make holders the
exception. The same thing is sometimes noted
with windfall apples. Everything is picked
up and rushed in. while those who sort out
the worst bruised ones and hold two or three
days make more out of them.

Fancy Fugs. — This matter comes up fre¬
quently and of late so many have made in¬

quiry regarding the sale of these eggs that
a little further explanation may be necessary.
The idea of getting a premium of five cents
or more per dozen for eggs that you know
are all right is attractive. It looks easy.
You have the hens, and know that, with due
care in gathering, all stolen nests, and
otherwise uncertain quantities can be kept
out of the fresh egg basket. There are peo¬
ple who are willing to pay an extra price to
get these eggs. It looks like a case of sup¬
ply and demand, with a big profit for the
man doing the supplying. But, like othei
apparent roads to wealth, all sorts of snags
get in the way, and the reason why there
are not more people in this business is uot
that few have tried it. but that many have
failed to find it profitable. To produce a
steady supply of say, a case or two per
week is not so easy. Sometimes the hens
will not lay, and thus far few people have
succeeded in regulating a hen's line of con
duct in accordance with ideas other than
her own. The next thing is to get the eggs
here without undue delay or damage, and
in this that uncertain quantity, the express
company, figures. They either do a prompt
and thorough job or don't, and the don'ts
may happen with the most critical custom
ers. Then some one accidentally puts one
stale egg with a choice lot, and you say good
bye to another customer. Explanations of
tiie accident do not go. The extra price is
paid to make sure that this will not happen.
A talk with most, of those who have marie
marked success in this business will show
that they have grown rather than jumped
into it, and that the methods of no two are
near enough alike to warrant the making of
a definite rule for beginners. Every man
must work out his own plans. There are
four special lines of customers: private fam¬
ilies, hotels, soda fountains and egg stores
that make this a feature. A few commission
merchants make a specialty of supplying
these lines of trade, and are often able to
return a fair premium to the shippers. As
a rule the men who supply private customers
get the biggest advance, as they handle the
business without go-betweens. H.

Black and White Boarders.— Wher¬
ever we go we find the Holstein cattle
increasing on certain kinds of farms.
Farmers now seem to understand the dif¬
ferent breeds of cattle, and understand
where one will suit or another fail. 1 he
llolsteins are wanted on farms where
there are large quantities of bulky food —
such as Alfalfa, clover or cornstalks. On
fruit farms where there is considerable
waste — such as small apples — the Hol-
stcins are popular. Their large size, great
capacity, and strong constitution enable
them to stow away large quantities of
rough forage and turn it into milk and
cream. Holstein grades are also popular
because the steers and old cows when
well fattened make a fair quality of
beef. They are good boarders, as shown
on first page, Fig. 321.

A CREAMY FOOD

Scott’s Emulsion is cod
liver oil prepared as a food —
not a food like bread or meat,
but more like cream; in fact,
it is the cream of cod liver
oil. At the same time it is a
blood-maker, a nerve tonic
and a flesh-builder. But
principally it is food for tired
and weak digestions, for all
who are fat-starved and thin.
It is pleasant to take ; children
like it and ask for more.

We’ll send you a sample, free
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

' Children

y going to school?
f Then put- HOOD’S
on their ^

feet.. ^

Ask for Plymouths

k MADE FOR

the Whole Family

HOOD RUBBERS

/hood\

TRADE (rubber company) MARK)

\ BOSTON J

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/f rots CF/V/VOT C£T TF/ESF FOB -

B£/?s r/fOM you/? o£A/£/?-/r/?/r£ as

^OWEJty

PRESALE

Fbyallthe . _ _

BEST DEALERS

A. J. TOWER CO.. ESTABLISHED 1836

.. BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO

TOWER CANADIAN CO.Liniited.TORONTO.CAW.

THE WATERLOO

GASOLINE ENGINE

A POPULAR
ENGINE AT THE
RIGHT PRICE.

Write to day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

WATERLOO. IOWA.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3‘e H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H.A. Diasinger &

400 Cherry Street

Wrlghtsville, Penna.

ABENAQUE ffiffi!

PORTABLE and STATIONARY

yUC GUARANTEE
TV E> our Engines
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and the best made

Farm Work.

Send for free
log O, and learn
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One price
and satisfac¬
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ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS,

Westminster Station, Vt.

PALMER GASOLINE ENGINES

Three Horse Power, SI OO. OO
Five Horse Power, $150.00
Wood Sawing1 Outfits on
Wheels

Three Horse Power, $200.00
Five Horse Power, $250 .00
Send for Catalog.

PALMER BROS.
Cos Cob, Conn.

SAWS!

ANY W00O
IN ANY PO&ITION
ON ANY GROUND
_ 4 In to 5 ft. Through

llan with * Folding Daatc 0 MEN wl*5 •
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6 to 9 cord* dally la the ueual avorage lor one man.

Our 1906 Mode! Machine saws faster, runs easier and will last
longer than ever. Adjusted in a minute to suit a 12-year-old
boy or the strongest man. Send for catalog showing latest
Improvements. First order gets agency. ' )

Folding Sawing Mach. Co., 158 E. Harrison St., Chicago, 111.

Fnrr CTftBV °t interest to every farmer and his
mCC Oiuni family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will he sent abso¬
lutely F ree to everyone who will write for it. _ See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg, Co., 10 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Steel Frame, round
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
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SILO COMPANY. Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

99999

“WHAT DON’T YOU KNOW, THAT IF YOU DIO
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762

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 21,

j l^tiralisms [

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Peach Rot Rampant. — We have never
before known so many peaches to succumb
to brown or Monilia rot. It is always
quite destructive to early varieties, but
we usually count on getting the late kinds
with but little loss. This season, however,
about all varieties, except Carman, Elberta
and Stump the World suffered alike. The
weather may have favored these varieties
a trifle at their ripening periods, but their
comparative immunity seems rather to be
accounted for by their superior resisting
powers. Champion was severely affected,
scarcely 20 per cent of our fruits coming
through. Mountain Rose made a better
showing. Late Crawford and Ford’s Late
or Iron Mountain were badly hit. Greens¬
boro held out better than Triumph among
the early kinds. The fruits on Admiral
Dewey all rotted while hard. This highly
praised early yellow peach has proved
worthless here and will be discarded. Car¬
man comes nearer our idea of a rot-proof
peach than any variety we have tried.
Four annual crops of large and handsome
fruits have been secured with only trifling
loss from rot or other disease. As grown
here it is a clingstone, of ordinary quality,
but the showy fruits are always appreciat¬
ed, even in competition with Georgia
Elbertas.

Peach Trees Failing.— Hard Winters,
scale and rot prove the undoing of many
Jersey peach orchards. We can reason¬
ably control yellows, leaf-curl and borers,
the former by selection of stocks and the
others by direct curative methods, but
cold, scale and the ever-present rot are
far more difficult to combat. The last two
Winters have severely injured many estab¬
lished orchards. Cut or broken limbs
show blackened heart-wood even where
fair growth is made and good fruits rip¬
ened. Such trees cannot be expected to
live long unless the top is almost wholly
renewed by hard pruning below any trace
of injury. An outbreak of “gummosis,”
the dreaded condition that follows severe
checks or accompanies constitutional
weakness, is likely to occur and weaken
the tree beyond the rallying point. We
have long believed that zero weather is
the worst enemy of the peach grower, only
to be circumvented by planting the har¬
diest varieties. San Jose scale is killing
trees by the thousand, and so weakening
others that frost will soon finish the work
quite regardless of the oceans of spray
solutions showered over our orchards
during Fall, Winter and Spring. We live
in hopes of a reliable and effective scale
killer. It has not yet materialized, but we
use the best means at hand with fair con¬
fidence that this pest will yet be con¬
quered.

Rot One of the Worst Diseases. —
Monilia rot is now recognized as one of
the worst difficulties the eastern peach
grower must contend with. All suggest¬
ed remedies except that of planting re¬
sistant varieties have turned out practical
failures. Thinning fruits, while bene¬
ficial to tree and crop, does not materially
lessen rot. The removal of fruits that
crowd together certainly should reduce
the chances of spore germination ; yet if
the weather is hot and humid and the va¬
riety susceptible rot appears just the same.
Bordeaux Mixture was long believed a
sovereign cure, if sprayed on early, late
and often. It is a fair remedy for Grape
rot, but peaches and plums are too sensi¬
tive in foliage to tolerate applications
strong enough to control the trouble.
Some partial successes have been reported,
but most trials have resulted in practical
or economical failure. Besides the loss
of fruits much injury to twig, tree and
bloom is often caused by the Monilia fun¬
gus where abundant. Its presence is
shown by blighted blooms, foliage, twigs
and even the death of considerable limbs,
especially if previously weakened by frost

planting the varieties of greatest loca
promise. If frost or scale get the best
of a tree, dig it out and plant a healthy
new one. Count it good luck as well as
careful management to get a crop or two.
One ripe, luscious home fruit is worth a
basket of the long-traveled, cold storage
article where quality is a consideration.
The buying public is being rapidly educat¬
ed to this point of view. Well-grown
local fruits of this character are in con¬
stant demand, and take immediate prece¬
dence when offered. The era of boom
peach orchards in distant locations, with
accompanying heavy transportation and
storage charges, will soon pass, and every-
where buyers will demand the best possi¬
ble home-grown fruits. The difficulties at
present confronting the northern peach
grower are great, but can be surmounted
by intelligence and skill.

Fruit of Akebia Quinata. — Though
Akebia quinata, from China and Japan,
with its glossy five-fingered foliage and
curious, fragrant purple-brown flowers in
early Spring is one of the most familiar
of exotic hardy climbers, few in this coun¬
try have seen its oddly- formed fruits. A
good, newly-ripened specimen is shown in
natural size in Fig. 325, page 759, from
the nursery of Bridle & Latham, Nave-
sink, N. J. Most of the Akebias in this
country appear to have been propagated
from infertile vines by cuttings or layers,
and fruits are exceedingly rare, though
the plants bloom freely, producing great
clusters of staminate and pistillate flowers
over their whole length. Why fruit is not
borne is something of a mystery, as the
two kinds of blossoms are found on the
same plant. 1 he male or staminate blos¬
soms open last, but as hundreds of clusters
are in bloom at the same time, and are
freely visited by insects, there is always
a good chance for self-pollination. We
have many times transferred pollen to ap¬
parently receptive stigmas, but never suc¬
ceeded in getting any fruit to develop, and
conclude that our plant is infertile to its
own pollen. An Akebia vine in the Nave-
sink nurseries, planted 28 years ago, has
reached large proportions, ’ and has pro¬
duced tons of bloom, but never fruited
until some seedling Akebias were plantec
near, about six years ago. As soon as the
newcomers reached blooming age fruits
appeared on the old vine, and about hal::
of the young ones, showing that free cross¬
pollination has taken place. The fruits
hang on long stems, and are very con¬
spicuous, turning purple with bluish' plum¬
like bloom, as they ripen. They split on
one side as shown in the illustration, anc
show a large number of black seeds em¬
bedded in a white, soft and edible pulp.

I he flavor is rather mucilaginous and in¬
sipid, but we are assured the fruits are
freely eaten in their native home. The
Akebia is a most desirable climber, hardy,
handsome and free from pests. Its blos¬
soms and glossy foliage alone have made
it popular and the addition of its very
showy and interesting fruits will render it
far more desirable. Nurserymen shoulc
grow part of their stocks from seed anc
propagate, where possible, from vines
known to fruit, instead of exclusively from
the sterile ones. It seems likely that the
near vicinity of other individuals may be
needed to induce the setting of fruit, anc
that it may be useless to expect fruits
where the Akebia is planted alone.

w. v. F.

\v hen you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
•'a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

or scale. Full strength Bordeaux, or the
lime, sulphur and salt washes are undoubt¬
edly beneficial if sprayed on while the
buds are still dormant. It is claimed that
the rot of stone fruits is less severe where
the trees are grown in sod or mulch than
under frequent cultivation. It is bad
enough anywhere.

Plant More Trees. — >We cannot get
along without home-grown plums and
peaches. The immature product from
Georgia and the attractive but insipid
leather-jackets grown in California do
not fill the void. From the writer’s stand¬
point the promising plan is to continue

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Address. SEARS? ROEBUCK & CO., fLHL'.CNA0G|i:

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

THE FAMOUS “HAY MAKERS”

UBBARD

“BLACK DIAMOND

Before Seeding Down, consult us.

TME ROGERS «Sl HUBBARD CO.,
Pertilizser Manufacturers,
MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT.

Have your trees

SAN JOSE SCALE ?

PRATT’S “SCALECinFM SOLUBLE

dbALEblUC PETROLEUM

ean save them.

Results the best. Price the least.

We guarantee it.

Write us for endorsements by experiment stations.

B. Q. PRATT COMPANY,

1 1 Broadway, New York.

T-A-ilXrXXlJS

II H) CYPRESS— WHITE
PINE— GALVANIZED
STEEL

CALDWELL

Tanks are the best made
Ask for illustrated cat¬
alogue and price list f
al*o references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky»

THE FIRST

Hartman Stockade Woven
Wire Fence

Ever built was erected 17 years ago and is still in
use as durable and strong ns when first put up.
The Hartman is a perfectly woven wire fence that
is strong enough to keep in the maddest bull and
fine enough to keep out the chickens. It is made
of the best quality galvanized steel wire and con¬
tains much more material than fences more cheap¬
ly constructed. That's why it lasts so long. If
your dealer doesn't handle it, write for catalogue
and prices. Address

GLEN MFG. CO.. 110 Mill St.. Ellwood City, Pa.

Also Mfrs. Hartman Steel Picket Fence, Hart¬
man Flexible Wire Mats and Glen Steel Mat-

Union Lock Poultry Fence

A Fence — Not a Netting.

Send for our in¬
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D, “A Short
Story for Poultry
Raisers.”

Company,

lljjasBft

Union Fence

114 Liberty Street, New York City.

-Mills at New Haven, Conn. ; DeKalb, Ill. ;Oakland,Cal.

If You Want to Handle a Fence

igglgr/FROST.
|SSggalBEST«

That has the weight, strength, and wearing qualities
to last thirty years, secure the agency for the FROST.
Let the other fellow sell the flimsy fence.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

r

AMERICAN FENCE TALKS

BY THE MAKERS

The structure of the American
Fence is perfect. It is built of big,
solid, lateral wires, with the upright
or stay wires hinged. This is the
most perfect structure for a square
mesh fence and is covered by patents
which cannot be assailed.

There are many fences on the
market. Some tell of their wonder¬
fully hard wire; others speak of new
forms of construction that make all
other forms look ancient and worth¬
less. But through all this it remains
a fact that more miles of American
fence are in use than of all others
combined, and will continue so.

We do not sell direct — we sell through dealers all over the
country. Only in this way are the buyers’ interests looked
after. The dealer becomes your business friend and when
you buy your fence of him he will see that you are
treated right.

American fence is for sale with the dealer in your
town. You- can find it there, examine the dif-
^ ferent styles and make a selection to suit your

requirements. Or, write us direct and we
will send you a catalogue and tell you
where you can get the fence.

The American Steel
and Wire Go.

CHICAGO DENVER
NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO

1905.

763

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

Killing Flies. — Here is a question of
more direct interest to some housekeepers
than the tariff :

“Will you give us some information and
practical remedy for the big house-flies which
cluster, at this time of the year, around the
upper edge of the paper on the walls of
our best' rooms, soiling the bordering, and
trying the patience of our neat and careful
housewives?” H- p- M-

We are troubled with these flies. When
Mother papered her room this Summer she
sighed to think how quickly the flies would
soil it. We get them, however. A small
tin can just large enough to hold a glass is
tacked to the end of a long stick. This glass
is tilled about two-thirds full of soapy water
with a good lather on it. Then with the
stick in the hand the glass is pushed up
against the ceiling so as to surround the fly.
He makes a struggle and falls into the
lather— which quickly shaves off his liberty.
With this simple device we can catch any fly
that lights on the ceiling, and by brushing
at them when they light on the walls they
can be driven to the top.

Soaking the Ladle. — This question comes
from Ohio :

“What causes butter to stick to the ladle
while working it? It does this in Winter
as well as in Summer. Is there anything
better to work butter with than a wooden
ladle? Would a thermometer be any help/

L. H.

I do not know of anything better for work¬
ing butter than well-soaked wood, or any¬
thing worse than dry wood. The ladle and
bowl should first be thoroughly soaked in hot
water and then in cold. The object of the
soaking is to fill the pores of the wood. I he
hot water penetrates, and the cold water
makes the wood colder than the butter.
When the wood is not soaked the butter fat
enters the pores of the wood and sticks.
We know little about practical butter mak¬
ing at Hope Farm, but I should consider a
good dairy thermometer necessary if we
expect to ‘make butter right. I have seen
people estimate the temperature by sticking
a finger in the cream. They bit it reasonably
close, but their own temperature varies, and
the finger rule is not safe to recommend tor
a standard. When I was a boy the man
who brought me up was town sealer of
weights and measures. lie had a machine
which gave the true balance, and several
times a year he went around to the stores
and tested the weights. Sometimes (very
seldom) it was necessary to make these
weights lighter. More frequently he added
lead to make up lost weight! It was neces-
sary to have a standard, and that is what
a thermometer gives. We are done with feel¬
ing the pulse or guessing at temperature when
people are sick. We get a clinical thermom¬
eter into the mouth at once and thus know
the temperature.

Planting Strawberries. — The picture at
Fig. 322, page 758, gives a view of out¬
breeding pen. It is an old chicken yard,
where for three years the hens had full
swing. This left the ground in good condi¬
tion This Spring it was plowed early and
well worked up with the Acme harrow. Lyon
planted strawberries four feet apart — using
Marshall. President and Mead. The plants
were kept clean, which meant eight workings
with wheel hoe. fingers and hand tools. As
a result we have a tine stand of beautiful
plants, 'fhe runners have come out between
the rows. The first, ones were placed where
we wanted them — as near one foot apart as
we could get. The others ran here and there,
and have been used for planting new beds.
The picture shows how we do it. Lyon goes
in with a trowel and flat basket. He picks
out bis plant, cuts off the connecting vines,
and digs it up with a good bunch of dirt on
the roots. When the basket is full it is
carried to the patch where the plants are
to go. A hole is scooped with the trowel, the
ball of dirt around the roots put inside, and
the earth pressed hard around and over it.
It will not answer on our soil to pinch the
dirt bard around the plant and then leave It.
The finger marks will be found printed in
brick, and the plant cannot grow. A little
fresh dirt scraped over the linger marks and
left there loosely will act as a mulch and
prevent baking. In an ordinary season here
we can keep on planting strawberries in this
way until the middle of November. These
plants are quite ns good as potted plants.
They cannot be expected to give much fruit
next season, but the following season they
will be right for a great yield. I would like
to show one patch which was transplanted In
this way early in September! The soil is
hard, and not true strawberry ground. The
scrapings under the hen roosts were put
along the rows, and the plants were hoed
twice and cultivated twice. I have worked
in this patch on pleasant mornings before
breakfast. This gives a better “appetizer"
than anyone ever drank out of a bottle, and
I think’ I have something to brag about in
the berry line.

All Sorts. — Older readers will remember
how some years ago I undertook to set “bug
against bug.” It was the season for the 17-
year locust, and Prof. Smith of the New
Jersey Station sent us egg clusters of an
insect known as “Praying mantis.” This is
a large green insect which will fight like a
tiger, and will kill large numbers of locusts
and other “bugs” if it can get at them. \Ye
were to hang these egg clusters on trees and
shrubs, and let them hatch at the proper
time. The boys forgot about it, and left
the box in a warm room. As a result the
eggs batched nearly six weeks ahead of time.
We put them out* though there was small
bone that they could live. They did — or at
least some of them did — for we find them
now all over the farm. They are welcome
visitors as are the ladybird beetles and a
little black . bug which 1 find crawling about
fruit trees where the scale abounds.

As the turkeys develop it looks as if there
was only one hen among 10 young ones!
That means eight good meals of roast turkey,
but we would like more hens. We have
grown to like these gentle and dignified birds.
I have tried ducks, and never want another

on the farm, but these white turkeys are
good citizens. . . . Bob, the little bay

horse, is back in the harness again. That
“cold abscess” on his shoulder gave him a
Summer's vacation. He ran at pasture with
bis shoes off until the shoulder healed.

It came time to shoe him. so we hitched the
end of his halter to the buggy and told old
Jerry to “get up !” Bob trotted on for
awhile, and then his brain grasped the idea
rhat vacation was over, and this meant the
treadmill again. So he braced himself and
hung back. It was a contest between Jerry
and Bob, until the rope broke and Bob turned
a back somersault ! lie got back to the barn,
but that availed him little, for he is now
pulling his share — perhaps more willingly
than some men I have seen ! . . . Bessie,

the little Boston terrier, is back at; the
farm. She. with her daughter Peggie, form
the foundation of a line of toy dogs which
Jack hopes will help out the business. I
never expected to see Hope Farm in the dog
business, but here we are. These little dogs
are worth more than two good cows! Women
who would consider a baby a great nuisance
will go beyond the limit of their lazy selfish¬
ness to pet and fondle one of these dogs!
My chief consolation is that if such folks
must lavish their affection upon a dog we
will try to furnish a good one. They might
get hold of a child and spoil it. During her
absence, Bessie learned to catch rats and
mice. She goes nosing for them everywhere.
There is one thing that may be said for a
dog. When he catches a rat or mouse he
kills it. A cat on the other hand will torture
and tease the poor captive as long as he can.
There you have the difference between a cat
and a ‘ dog. I have known men who con¬
sidered it a great insult to be called a dog.
They should be thankful they were not
called a cat !

Farm Notes. — Seymour has picked up the
mulch habit early. While we were picking
apples he saw a neighbor digging potatoes.
The field was full of crab-grass and weeds,
which these farmers were preparing to burn —
they had burned one pile. Seymour put in a
bid right away for those weeds, and they
were hauled to the hill and put around the
trees. It seems strange to us that people
are willing to burn trash of this sort, when
it will rot down around a fruit tree. Sev
eral fields near us have grown up to a per
feet mass of goldenrod and briers. We would
like nothing better than a chance to cut that
stuff off and haul it to one of our peach
orchards. Are we not afraid of getting the
weed seed in the soil? Afraid? We would
like to do it ! The soil of this orchard is
naturally so poor that nothing but coarse
weeds will grow there. I have learned what
to me is a curious thing. When we cut this
coarse stuff and let it rot on the ground
better grass begins to come in. The more we
do this and the more this coarse stuff rots
the better the seeding of grass, until in some
places we have a fair stand of clover ! We
are not afraid therefore to put weeds and
trash in the orchard. . . . There is an
old peach tree on our hill which I under¬
stand has been there for over 30 years.
Beach orchards have been started there only
to fail after a few years, but the old tree
goes on year after year without losing a
crop. This year the fruit is so fine as to
attract general attention. The tree stands
in a perfect tangle of grass and vines, and
has never received any attention, it is
apparently, a seedling of fhe Crawford type,
ripening its fruit early in October. Next
year I shall take care of this tree by mulch¬
ing and feeding it — giving it a good spray¬
ing — to see what a little petting will do.
We think we have a good new one.

At odil times we are hauling sawdust for
the Winter’s bedding. We haul it from the
mill in bags and store in the barn. Later
we shall put up a big supply of forest
leaves for the same purpose. Hood saw¬
dust makes a soft lied for a horse. I would
rather have straw, but sawdust is cheaper
and more easily' handled. It is not of much !
value as manure, except that it makes tin1 i
pile crumbly and open. It would be a great :
mistake to put fresh sawdust directly on the
soil, but after it has absorbed the liquids
and been mixed in the manure pile there is
no danger. . . . The apples have been
picked and are in the cellar. We picked
earlier than usual, expecting our usual storm
of wind and rain in October. It hasn't come
yet, but we are ahead of it at least. The
rye is in the potato ground. We cleaned
the spent manure out of the hotbeds and
spread it over the potato field after the
weeds were off and the spring-tooth had
done its work. This manure was worked in
with the Acme, and then the rye was broad¬
cast. Now we are nearly ready to start at
draining the lower fields. One small field
in particular needs drains. It is in the
form of a dish with one side tipped up, so
as to give drainage to one end. There are
one or two springy places, and the lield also
takes the surface drainage from part of the
farm. We shall cut this latter off by open
ditches. Then by sighting through or over
a spirit level we can get the slope of the
field. It is so located that two main ditches
will carry the water off to one corner. We
expect to use stone for the drains, placing
three flat ones at the bottom to form a
throat or opening for the water. With
smaller stones filled in to below the point
of the plow we expect to give the water
ambition to do something besides clogging up
the soil When the field dries we expect to
plow it this Fall and leave the furrows
standing in the rough. Next Spring we can
work it well with spring-tooth and Acme,
and plant either potatoes or corn as seems
best: the stones for those drains are picked
from a place where we want strawberries

next year. . . . Our garden cuts the

meat bill hard. yet. still it is larger than
we like. Seymour has had some experience
as a butcher and we want to try our hand
at more meat-making. We are after an
old cow or two, or several sheep that can
eat up our Fall pasture with a little grain,
and then fill an honorable position in the

beef or pork barrel. . . . Since I had

my say about insurance I have had some
argument with various people. I find that
the main reason for saying that people
should take a 20-year policy is that a man
will not save unless he is obliged to. That
may be so with some folks, but it seems to
me like a poor reason for giving these
great insurance companies such a vast sum
of money to play with. h. w. c.

The Y outh’s Companion

EDITED TO ENTERTAIN AND INFORM EVERY
MEMBER OF THE FAMILY EVERY WEEK.

Announcement for 1906 and Sample Copies of the Paper Free.

EVERY NEW SUBSCRIBER

V^ho cuts out and sends at once this slip (or mentions this publication) with $1.75
for The Companion for the fifty-two weeks of 1906 will receive

All the issues of The Companion for the remaining weeks of

* » The Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year s Double Numbers.

The “ Minutemen ” Calendar for 1906, in 12 colors and gold.

As much reading in the year as would fill twenty octavo volumes.

d 126

$ 1 2,000 will be divided equally among Companion subscribers who secure five
other new subscriptions. Send for information.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers nnd buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels. I
l Catalog free. We pay the freight. \

K DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO„ Box 303.' Atlanta, G«u ^

AW MILL.

-AND

VETERINARY REMEDIES

are a necessity to every
Farmer & Stockraiser.

MAILED FREE.

Sloan’s Treatise on the Horse,
and Sloan’s Advice on the
Care of Horses, Cattle, Hogs and
Poultry. Send your address to

DR. EARL S. SLOAN, 615 ALBANY STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
VWGII PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
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( 'ornetl Street,
KINGSTON. N. Y. i

$148.50 YHAY
PRESS

an teed to be

A KNODIG PITLESS SCALE

will keep you from being cheated In weights, either buying or selling. Th it saves their cost for the uverage farmer In
a single year And the scales will last you your lifetime. The Knodig scale costs just about half as much as the old
style pit scales. You don’t hare to dig or wall a pit. They sit on top of ground. Therefore can never clog with ice,
snow or mud. Any handy man can set them or move them. Double the money will not get you a more accurate weigher.
THE FARMER’S SCALE. Specially designed and adapted to his use. Write for our booklet and circular of farm¬
ers’ letters. They’ll open your eyes to the many ways Ma4!nn*l Pit!... Rr.la Ta 2 1 OS Wyandotte Street,

the Knodig will save you money. Both mailed free. national Jtaie to., Kansas City, Mo.

764

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 21,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

f

Hkkmkkt W. Colling wood, Editor.

I)u. Walter van Fleet, ( .

Mrs. K. T. Hoyle, ( Associate

John J. Dillon, Husiness Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8M> marks, or 10<4 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler, advertising in our col¬
umns. and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you most have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pear! Street, New York.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR PHOTOGRAPHS. •

Prizes of $5, $3 and $2 will he paid for the best
photographs, suitable for printing in The R. N.-Y.
illustrating the subject :

“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOA1E.”

The picture may be a group of humans, a company of
animals or a farm scene. The only condition is that it
must in some way illustrate the home feeling. Here
is a chance for an amateur photographer to show some
original groupings and picture a subject as old as time
and yet ever rev. An illustration of the home feeling
is an expression of the most beautiful and powerful
force in the world. The pictures must be in our hands
by November 15.

*

We often receive letters unsigned, and many more
with the name of the post office hut no State. People
who are well known in their own locality do not realize
that the circle grows larger as they get away from
home, and that the Stale and county are often needed
to identify them. Even the larger cities do not have a
monopoly of name. There are in this country two post
offices named New York (one in Texas) seven Phila-
delphias, 13 Bostons, two Baltimores, three Chicagos, 31
Clevelands, live Cincinnatis, 12 Louisvilles, nine Omahas,

1 1 St. Pauls and so on. There are 274 post offices be¬
ginning with Green, 102 with Brown. 113 with Smith.
236 with White and 140 with Black. Even Red starts
ISO post offices, Blue 83 and Pink 17. A letter mailed
to Atwater must take its choice of seven States, or to
Athens 19 States, Greeley 10 or Greenville 31 ; Arling¬
ton 30 or Buffalo 19. So put on the State, for the
postal guide is certainly monotonous reading

*

It is with genuine regret that we announce the death
of Duane H. Nash, of Millington, N. J. Mr. Nash was
killed on the railroad track near his home bn October 9.
For many years Mr. Nash’s name was familiar to
readers of agricultural papers as the manufacturer of
the Acme harrow. This implement is in use all over
the world, and wherever it went it carried a share of
the character and honest dealing of the manufacturer.
Other implements have come and gone, but the Acme
harrow still remains the best tool of its class. We have
heard Mr. Nash say that he spent over $300,000 in adver¬
tising this one tool, a record which has not been sur¬
passed in the implement business. Mr. Nash was
greatly respected by all who knew him. He was a man
of strong character, of clear and definite ideas — a good
citizen and or.e who will lie greatly missed.

*

The San Jose scale is getting into politics. A Demo¬
cratic county convention in New Jersey passed a reso¬
lution calling upon the State to aid in exterminating the
scale rather than spend money fighting mosquitoes.
There is no hope for exterminating the scale. It is
too small, breeds too freely and cannot be poisoned.
On the other hand, mosquitoes can be quite easily killed
or driven aw?y from a neighborhood. The scale is not
a menace to health, while the mosquito is directly re¬
sponsible for the spread of malaria, yellow fever and
some other diseases. Tt is the husiness of the State or .

nation to fight the mosquito pest as it would the dis¬
eases which those insects carry. It is also public husi¬
ness to prevent the spread of insects like the Gypsy
moth, which threaten to cover the entire country. If
the State undertook to fight the San Jose scale it would
he necessary to enter the premises of half the fruit
growers and force them to spray or destroy trees, or
do the work against their protest.

*

People are sending us clippings from the daily papers
in which the Ben Davis apple gets a share of what we
knew was coming to it. Here is a sample from The
New York Sun:

In t lie horticultural kingdom it stands only for the bald¬
est commercialism. The sole claim that can be rightfully
made for it is that it is a good seller. It flaunts its ruddy
inferiority to attract the eye of the injudicious and the
ignorant. Almost as well might basswood be used for pics
as the Ben Davis apple. Not even among the pikers of Clay
County nor among the cliff dwellers of the Ozarks can it
hold its own for pastry with the spicy Jonathan or the racy
Rhode Island Greening.

Some years ago we told the growers of Ben Davis
that it was only a question of time before consumers
would learn to distinguish one apple from another.
Once let a customer know Ben Davis by sight, and he
will never touch it except as a last choice. The modern
system of cold storage in towns and cities will enable
consumers to buy better apples all the year round — and
they will do so. It was unpopular to say these things
some years ago, but history is slowly revealing their
truth. People ask why we do not print the statements
now being made in public about Ben Davis! We would
rather be a pioneer than a camp follower. There are
newer and more unpopular things to he discussed now.
We try to make sure they are right before we start !

*

The California Supreme Court has decided an im¬
portant fruit case. A law was passed which ordered
growers or packers to mark all packages of fruit with
the name of the locality where it was grown. A dealer
refused to mark such packages, and was arrested and
fined under the law. He appealed, and the court has
sustained him. He claimed that there was no power
under the Constitution that could compel him to mark
such packages. The State claimed that it had the right
to prevent the spread of disease or insects; that certain
sections of the State were infected, and that marking
the packages would show whether the fruit came from
clean or infected sections. The court held that if the
State wanted to prevent the spread of insects or dis¬
ease it must prohibit the shipment of packages from cer¬
tain sections. The law appeared to favor certain ship¬
pers at the expense of others. It would he easy to
arouse prejudice against certain sections, and then if
packages from these sections were marked, fruit other¬
wise first-cla.-s would lose value. Again, suppose fruit
is gathered from various localities, sorted into various
grades and then repacked, how could it possibly he
marked with the place of its growth? For these and
other reasons the court declared the law unconstitu¬
tional. This seems to us a just decision, for the State
has no right to give one locality or one set of men
special market privileges.

*

Many of us have used basic slag or iron phosphate
as a fertilizer. We have found it very useful, especial¬
ly on fruits and grass. It contains over 20 per cent
of phosphoric acid, nearly 50 per cent of lime, and a
quantity of iron. The lime is in the form needed to
sweeten the soil, so that the slag does a double part.
'I'he iron is very useful on some soils — giving color to
fruit. Large quantities of this slag would he imported
and used here to great advantage were it not for a
tariff of $1 per ton. This tariff is entirely useless, and
serves no purpose except to raise the price of phosphoric
acid in fertilizers. In no other case is there any tariff
on manurial substances. For example, in the first eight
months of this year over 50,000 tons of muriate of pot¬
ash, 214,000 tons of nitrate of soda and nearly
100.000 tons of other fertilizers were admitted free, be¬
cause they were used for fertilizing purposes. The
basis slag is used as a fertilizer — has no other use in
fact — yet importers must pay one dollar per ton tariff.
Why was such a tariff levied while other fertilizers go
free? It was improperly classed as iron ore, when it
is not ore at all, but a by-product in the manufacture
of steel. There is now some talk of revising the tariff.

It will have to he revised soon, as it has been in the
past. From an agricultural standpoint one of the first
changes should be the removal of this useless tariff on
basic slag. Wc have heard the argument that there
is no need of importing phosphoric acid, since this
country has great stores of rock phosphates. Prof.
Hopkins of Illinois shows that the deposits of phos¬
phate thus far discovered will furnish something over
150.000,000 tons. The annual consumption is about
3,000,000 tons, so a little over 50 years will use up the
present available supply. We are now exporting this
phosphate to Europe. In the eight months from Janu¬
ary 1. 621,648 tons were sent away. In view of these
facts what folly it is to keep up this useless tariff and
prevent the entrance of this needed fertilizer.

Some years ago a reader of The R. N.-Y. went about
selling fence wire. His samples were bright and new,
and looked well when they were put up. Business was
good, and farmers willingly paid a price which justified
them in expecting 15 years of good service. Pretty
soon this wire began to rust. A good share of it now
hangs in rotten strings, and wherever the agent goes
lie is met with faultfinding. He tried another brand
of wire, but that has gone in the same way. It is now
almost impossible to sell a wire fence in that section.
And yet, right by the side of these failures may he
found fences of old-fashioned wire that have been
doing duty for a dozen years. The new ones are use¬
less, but tiie old ones, though worn, will still turn stock.
This experience can he duplicated in a thousand places,
'l he manufacturers understand it because both farmers
and agents take pains to tell them. Now all the
manufacturer has to do to save his trade and increase
it is to guarantee to furnish the same kind of wire he
did a dozen years ago. Anyone who will do this simple
thing will he loaded with orders at once. We believe
that the agitation of this subject has already put a
better grade of galvanizing on the market, hut better
wire is also needed. We shall get it when the demand
for it is strong enough. At the risk of being called
monotonous we shall keep at it until the public can
buy guaranteed wire!

*

Graft is a good, honest horticultural word which
stands for a useful operation. Some one put marks
around it so that ‘‘graft” stood for a certain kind of
stealing. As it became known how much of this steal¬
ing there is in public life the marks were taken out,
and a new definition of the word is ready for the dic¬
tionary. When we graft a tree we put a small piece of
a new tree into the stock of the old, so that the new
piece is nourished by the stock. The strength and
power of the old tree goes into the new piece and
makes it large and strong. We have seen such grafts
shoot up and dwarf the limbs of the old tree! It was
this thing about grafting that made the new definition
appropriate. The financial “grafter” fastens himself in
some position where lie can handle other people’s money.
It is some political job where contracts are signed, or
in some insurance or hanking business where small
sums paid in by thousands of individuals make a vast
total. These “grafters,” like the little stick in the fruit
tree, are nourished by the stock. In every case this
money which these “grafters” obtain comes at the last
analysis out of the pockets of those who work and
deny themselves. When an insurance “grafter” steals
half a million dollars he takes fuel and clothing and
sometimes food away from many poor people who
scrimp and save that Father’s insurance policy may he
paid. Extravagance and theft in high places always
bear hardest upon the poor, and the saddest part of it
is that this hardship comes in a way which is hard to
connect with the real cause. During the past 10 years
the “grafters” have had the finest pickings ever known
in the history of this country. This is because the
common people have turned money over to them which
in many cases should have been kept at home. Many
a farmer has gone without needed things indoors and
out. in order that he might send his money away for
investment. These little streams, trickling down from
half a million farms, have helped fill up the vaults on
which grafters have been fattening. The fearful story
of cynical rascality which the papers are now reporting
will among other things cause people to invest more of
their money at home. The grafters thrive upon other
people’s money. Why not give them a rest and make
the house comfortable, or buy needed tools or conveni¬
ences with the nioney which we would otherwise “in¬
vest”? If there is any graft to be had let’s have it
ourselves in comforts for the home. There are thou¬
sands of people who will take just that position. It
will mean better business for honest manufacturers,
poorer trade for grafters and greater self-respect for
farmers !

BREVITIES .

Last call for sowing rye on that bare ground !

Now Hie nut crop! It helps b'olt the children to the home.

Jack Frost hangs off from us this year — hut lie is com¬
ing.

••Benzine buggy” is what they call an automobile in South
Jei sey.

When the pot called the kettle black it stated what we
call “an unpleasant truth.”

What do the corn husks and the squirrels say about the
Winter? Our local weather prophet says it will he a hard one.

We never before saw so much interest displayed by elderly
farmers in Florida and California. Such people want Win¬
ter sunshine.

The Province of Quebec imposed a tax on foreign drum¬
mers or traveling salesmen. Tiie objects were to provide
revenue and help home trade. It did neither. Foreign
business houses either hired resident salesmen or did husi¬
ness by letter.

Some of the scientific men seem to grieve because farmers
do not take their say-so without a grain of salt. The fact is
that farmers are sizing up the situation accurately. They
like suggestions, hut will depend upon practical experiment
for final answer.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

765

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.- — October 4 three persons were killed and
several injured by lire in an apartment house in Brooklyn,
N. V. The lire is supposed to bo incendiary. ... A
man who says he is D. K. Tripp of New York city and
Attorney Frank L. Rodgers of Fairfield. Conn, who has an
office ai Bridgeport, were arrested Octolier 3, on a charge
of swindling Henry G. Wheeler, a farmer of Stratford, Conn.,
out of $17,000. Charges have also been made against Wil¬
liam II. Sutphen of New York, said to be a partner of Tripp
in the New York and New Jersey Bridge Building Com¬
pany. According to the complaint. Rodgers approached
Wheeler several weeks ago with a mining proposition. lie
represented that the mine was located in Mexico. Wheeler
gave up several thousand dollars on the mining proposition
and indorsed notes for $3 7,000 for both Tripp and Rodgers.
It is alleged that the mine is mythical. . . The dam

a! Brand Chenier, closing the Mermenteau River in Cameron
Parish. Louisiana, was blown up October 3 with dynamite,
exploded by electricity. The outrage was undoubtedly per¬
petrated by farmers and stock raisers of the neighborhood
who complained that the dam flooded their lands. Ever
since its construction, about a year ago, it has aroused
bitterness in the neighborhood. The dam was constructed
under an act of Congress, the Mermenteau being a navigable
stream, for the purpose of furnishing a supply of water for
rice growers. As the result of a prolonged drought, the
Mermenteau changed from a fresh water to a salt water
stream. The pumping of this salt water oh the rice de¬
stroyed the crop of that year. Congress and the Louisiana
Legislature then authorized the construction of the dam to
keep salt water out of the river. There was objection from
those residents who are not rice growers and the question
was carried into court. . . The steamer St. Paul,

from Sait Francisco to Portland, Ore., went on the rocks
at Point Cora, Ilumbo'dl County, October 5, and is a total
wreck. Seventy-live passengers and the crew were safely
landed. The vessel during the Spanish war served as a
Oovernment transport and carried troops and supplies to the
Philippines. . . . The Chicago Appellate Court decided

October <> against Franklin Fnion. No. 4, and three of its
members who were fined $100 each and sentenced to 30
days' imprisonment by the Superior Court two years ago
for violation of an injunction gotten by the Chicago Ty-
pothetffi. By the injunction members of the Franklin
Fnion were restrained from interfering with employees of
several printing firms, all of which were members of the
Chicago Typothette. After the Court’s order was issued
Fred Kiteliel, Charles Smith and John Mucher were cited
for contempt. They were lined $100 each and sentenced to
thirty days imprisonment in the county jail. The cases
were taken to (lie Appellate Court by Franklin Fnion No. 4,
against whom a decree imposing a fine of $3,000 was also
entered. This decree is also affirmed by the Appellate
Court. . . . Nine officers of the Retail Coal Dealers’

Association of Illinois and Wisconsin, found guilty of con¬
spiracy to raise the price of coal and fined $300 each in the
Criminal Court two years ago. will lie obliged to pay their
fines, according to a decision of the Appellate Court at
Chicago October 0. The indictment charged that in the
formation of the Retail Coal Dealers' Association the dealers
had combined to destroy and prevent competition in the sale,
delivery and distribution of coal to consumers. The Court
says': “The ultimate object of the combination was to give
to its members a monopoly in the retail coal business in
their respective localities, thus enabling the members to
regulate the prices independent of legitimate and healthful
competition. ... At Rhinelander, Wis.. October 4, prop¬
erty worth more than $600,000, including 40. 000, 000 feet
of lumber, was destroyed. 500 persons were made homeless
and a part of the eitv was laid waste by fire which started
at noon and raged until nearly midnight. The fire-fighting
forces of half a dozen cities were swept back before the
flames, and for a time it seemed as though the end would
not come until not a building was left in the city Entire
blocks in the residence district, including two churches and
two school houses, were wiped out. Rhinelander is the
county seat of Oneida County and the center of a large lum¬
bering section. It has a population of about 6.000. The
losses are partly covered by insurance. . . • After three

trials, extending over three months, John Newton William¬
son, Representative in Congress from Oregon: Dr. Ian Ges-
nor, his partner, and Marion R. Biggs, their friend and the
United States Commissioner for the General Land Office at
Prineville, have been declared to be guilty of the crime of
conspiracy to suborn perjury. The indictment alleges that
Williamson. Van Gesner and Biggs, of Prineville. on June
3(> 3 602, entered into a conspiracy in the consummation ot
which tliev were to suborn a large number of persons to
commit perjury by inducing, them to file upon timber Claims
under contract to* transfer the claims to the firm ot William¬
son & Gesner for $500 each as soon as the title had passed
to the claimants from the Government of the Fnited States.

A "tourist trust." comprising nine Western States
having the best scenery to offer, is to be organized to tight
Europe and the fashion of going abroad in preference to see¬
ing the wonders at home. The idea is to corral the Ameri¬
can tourist and show him that the best and most profitable
vacation can be spent in the West. The Salt Lake t otn-
mereial Club fathers the movement and asks the Governors
of nine Slates to join in advertising. . • The yellow

fever scourge is drawing to a close. The following smn-
marv gives the totals at the chief points of infection and
conditions October 10: New Orleans, total cases 3,230;
total deaths. 415: new cases for day. IS. I ensacola. total
cases, 307: deaths, 43; new cases for day. 32. Natchez, total
cases. 158; deaths, 7; new cases. 6. . . . S. Io;ed Nixon

for seven terms speaker of the N. A. Legislature, died
October 10 after an operation for appendicitis, lie was
years old and had been in public life since the age

DEPARTMENT OF AGRIFFLTFRE. — Secretary of Agri¬
culture Wilson has secured an opinion from the Attorney-
• General to the effect that under the law the packers cannot
be made to pav the cost of inspection, and yet Congress did
not provide sufficient funds to inspect all the exported meats,
lie proposes to meet this difficulty by
pay for the tags which are attached

the packages in which it is -

tags have been furnished by the Government at a yearly
cost ranging from $05,000 to $70,000. With this sa'ing
in the appropriation if is proposed to employ additional
inspectors, so that all the packers, large and small, who de¬
sire their services may be supplied without delay. he cost
of the tags this year was <i-> cents a 1 .000, but as the large
packers constituting the so-called beet trust took 00 per
cent of the 3 00.000.000 tags that were used last year they
will be the chief sufferers by the proposed change.

AMERICAN P0M0L0GICAL SOCIETY .

Tart II.

45

24.

making the packers
to the meat and fin-
contained. Heretofore these

In “Cover Crops,” John Lloyd. Illinois,
lieved in both cultivation and cover crops
make this a matter of considerable study,
side hills need special treatment. 1 hese
in strips, sowing to clover, and alternating each year.

said that he be-
Some locations
The washing of
may be cultivated
Some

leave the clover all the time, but would disk enough to form
a mulch, but not enough to kill the clover. the kind of
coyer crop depends on many things— the age and
of the orchard, etc. Vetch and clover
ites A voting orchard generally needs plowing and a bear¬
ing 'one can be disked. The rich black soils in the center
leave the clover all the time, but would disk enough to form
and disked in tho Spring. R.ve is a favorite on account of
lateness with which it may be put in, weie it not
heavy seeding in the Spring. Legumes are best
South, where the soil lacks in nitrogen.

condition
most requis-

Crab

sown, and until
their leaves, and
grass makes a good

for the
in the

. . - -~ _ The main objection

to cow peas is' that they need to be put in before cultivation
ought to cease, though this may be partly overcome^bv
harrowing the ground after the peas are
the plants are six inches high. They shed
leave little Winter protection,
cover, but lacks in nitrogen.

"Cultivation of Orchards in , xl „

A. Burton. Indiana, was the plan of one who seeks the middle
ground between the intensive culture of the scientist and
the no-culture of many growers. Mr. Burton says the aver¬
age man cannot, and need not cultivate all the season.
While not an advocate for a Blue-grass orchard he has one
giving splendid results. This was merely disked twice in
the Spring, running tho disk each way in order to roach
between the tree rows, at each cultivation. He would not
cultivate with any method late in the season, as this pre¬

Southern Indiana.” by .Toe

vents tlie fruit from coloring up well. He prefers to stop
all cultivation by middle of June at the latest, and allow
crab grass to grow for a mulch and cover. One inch of
cover crop in ixed with two inches of soil makes a very
effectual mulch.

"Spraying” brought out much discussion. E. M. Poilard,
Nebraska, had tried the old formulas with poor results.
Parker Earle, from whom it is always safe to quote, said
that the most effective and far flic safest poison for spraying,
was Disparene, or arsenate of lead. It does not injure
foliage or buds, and while it costs a little more will last
much longer than others, lie has used arsenate of soda
and done much damage by burning As there is a good
deal of uncertainty in using many of the old formulas, whv
not throw them all aside and use something that is abso¬
lutely safe and effective? 8. M. Crowioy, Rocky Ford, con
siders spraying a most important matter. He saved 95 per
cent of the fruit by spraying ; finds nothing as good as the
arsenate of lead or Disparene. 4 ue former -mils at 35
cents per pound in 300-pound Legs, three pounds of which
are added to 50 gallons of clean water, mixed and used. The
formula is given on the package and no one need make a
mistake. When spraying ginseng or onions, boil two pounds
resin and one pound saisoda in two quarts of water till of
a clear brown color, using an iron kettle. Add to 50 gallons of
spray and ,1 will sti-a to anything. St ere I ary Craig on-
sidered arsenate of lead quite exjrensive. and gets just as
good results with arsenate of lime or soda, arid much
cheaper. First apply when trees are bare of leaves, and a
good application at this time is most important.

"Grading and Inspecting Fruit." by C. FI. Williamson
was to be a report of a committee .laving this work in
charge Mr. Williamson said they were not in a position to
determine the wisest way to place the matter before the
meeting. They have a very positive idea of what should
constitute a No. 1 apple, but the lower grades need just as
positive defining, and they were not able to do so yet. and
give justice to both sides. A No. 1 apple as now consideied,
is of normal shape for the variety, of good color, free from
the action of worms or break in the skin, or any fungus
disease, hand-picked, and to be 21A inches in diameter for
the large varieties, and 2 Vi inches for the smaller kinds. A
No. 2 is practically the same, only smaller. Fruit with
worm in the blossom end should go into a third grade.

One cf the most enjoyable features of the meeting was a
lecture by ('. L. Watrous, Des Moines, on the subject of
"Observations of an American on Japanese 1 orticulture.”
It had been the dream of his boyhood to visit the Orient,
and though it took 60 years for the dream to come
true we cannot but feel that the wider vision and deeper
capacity for observation and pleasure were well worth the
waiting. So many things novel and interesting n those
lands wherein nature has been so lavish and man so lazy
were seen by the traveler before reaching Japan that one
would fain have him pause at many places along the way.
In Japan t lie amount of fertile land in proportion to the
population is very inadequate, as viewed by American eyes.
Only enough is produced to sustain life, and hard toil, the
poorest food and most rigid economy is the portion of the
many. Every foot of ground is cultivated to obtain the
necessaries of life, and they do not have orchards in the
sense that we know the word. The empire of the Japan
plum is in America. The people there do wonders in novel
and curious forms of horticulture. They show much sym¬
pathy for plants, and treat them with great respect. In
fruits, the persimmons are the only ones we can satisfac¬
torily import.

One session was devoted to the Horticultural History of
thi‘ States west of the Missouri. Secretary Barnes submit
ted a fine resume of past work. Kansas is now known as
a great apple State. The valley of the Arkansas for 240
miles or more is now known as a great apple section. Judge
Fred. Wellhouse was the pioneer in large planting, and lie
and his' 1,63-7 acres of apple orchards are known the world
over. Many other orchards of from one to 2,000 acres are
now to be found. Later and valuable statistics show that
the State has 240.000 acres devoted to fruit trees at the
present time. Prof. Emerson. Nebraska, gave history of
early trials and triumphs, and said that while commercial
planting is at a standstill home plantings are rapidly increas¬
ing. There is no reason why every farm in the State should
not have some kind of fruit. More than half of the nursery
stock is shipped out of the State at the present time.

Fabrian Garcia, New Mexico Agricultural College, gave
an interesting history of the first work done in that country.
There is no lack of soil and climate conditions there. Rain¬
fall is insufficient in many places irrigation is practiced.
Pear blight is unknown. Texas was represented by T. V.
Munson, who said that the development of commercial fruit
growing was not great before 1876. Soon after this time
shipments began to be sent out, and the results were such
that the industry had made rapid strides. Texas is still
in her infancy, and the future years will astonish the
world. Prof. Dutcher. Warrenburg. Mo., gave the history
for Missouri. The State society, first organized in 1850.
has been a great power in the development of the State,
not only in her fruit industry but allied interests. The
geographical position, together with the loess formation
along the rivers, and the red clay porous shale of the Ozark
uplift, combine ‘to make Missouri one of the first fruit
States in the union. In the Ozark region alone there are
more, than 100,000 fruit trees and 7,000 acres in com¬
mercial strawberry fields. W. S. Coburn. Hotchkiss, Col.,
gave practical demonstration in grafting old orchard trees.
Large limbs are as successfully treated as small ones. The
full plan will be given in the printed reports.

ALMA L. MOORE.

THE FRUIT EXHIBIT AT THE STATE FAIR.

Judged from almost any standpoint the fruit exhibit at
the New York State Fair was an excellent one. The prod¬
ucts shown were extra fine, only the apples, among all the
fruits, were below standard: they were lacking in color
and size. The varieties were numerous and representative,
giving good opportunities for studying them. The exhibits
were attractively arranged and must aid in stimulating the
demand for fine fruit. Quite as valuable to the producer
as the display of fruit was the opportunity to meet fellow
fruit growers', fruit buyers, nurserymen, newspapermen and
experts from colleges and experiment stations, whereby ideas
could be exchanged on all horticultural matters, markets
discussed, and horticultural friendships made. The ex¬
hibit was one of the largest ever made at a New York
State Fair, about 2,000 sorts being on exhibition. In look¬
ing over this immense number of fruits one could not but
be impressed with the influence which locality seems to
exert upon fruits and varieties. It was plain to be seen
that certain localities are adapted to certain fruits and
varieties, and the conclusion to he drawn was equally plain :
namely, that growers should plant only those fruits and
varieties to which their soil, climate and method of eul
ture are best adapted.

It seemed to the writer, who was visiting the New York
State Fair for the first time, that too little attention was
given by the Fair authorities to securing the exhibits of
amateurs. Without question the commercial fruit growers
should be given the greatest inducements, but the farmer
and the village horticulturist should be made to feel that
their exhibits are welcome, and that the Fair is for them
as well as for the large fruit grower. Probably the Fair
management is not at fault in this matter as much as
are the amateurs themselves, in which case extra induce¬
ments should be made to the latter to have them show their
wares. I was disappointed in the exhibits of grapes from
the grape regions, and saw no exhibit of grape products
worthy of the New York grape industry. It is somewhat
deplorable that the gre.a'l majority of the grape premiums
went out of the State, though no one could question that
the magnificent collection of grapes from New Jersey de¬
served all the prizes given it. The collection in question
showed well what can be done with native grapes under
the best possible culture. The fine grapes shown from New
.Tersev were grown by giving special attention to pruning,
fertilizing, thinning and bagging. I suspect that in com¬
mercial plantations one could not possibly give the high
culture needed to produce such specimens as those shown,
but the commercial grower can work toward the standard
set by these extra fine grapes. I spent considerable time in
attempting to identify fruits much of which came to me from
the pocket of the producer. It might be an excellent plan
to have a place in the exhibition hall where unnamed and
new varieties of fruits can be exhibited, so that all mav
have a chance to see them, and where the grower of such

fruits may more readily ohlain information in regard to
them.

Special attention should be called to the three large ex¬
hibits made by the Western New York Horticultural So¬
ciety, tlie New York State Fruit Growers' Association and
the New York Experiment Station. All throe were splendid
collections, most pleasing and most instructive, and on the
whole well displayed. While little but good can be said of
them, yet all could have been Improved by a system of
labeling which would have shown the names of the fruits
more plainly: by giving more space for the plates; and
by low Installation, whereby the plates could all have been
equally exposed to view, instead of high installation con¬
sisting of shelves in two or three tiers upon which the higher
tiers of fruit could not be seen to advantage. I’eople visit¬
ing the exhibit could have got much more out of it had
the fruit been in a larger and better lighted hall, or could
the Fair have been hold longer. Fnder present conditions
part of the time at least if was almost impossible for one
who wished to do so to study the displays without hin¬
drance from the crowd. u. r. hendriok.

New York Experiment Station.

REPORT ON THE ONION CROP.

The Jerome B. Rice Seed Company make the following
estimate for September :

Acreage.

Y’ld tier

acre.

Total crop,

bushels.

State.

1005 1004

1905 3004

1005

1004

Ohio .

4.611 4,163

105

218

910,605

008,065

New York. . .

3,325 •3,177

273

283

000,375

001.875

Indiana . . . .

1.8.33 1.423

23.3

363

427.605

516.683

Mass .

1,300 1,200

250

275

325,000

330,000

< 'mm .

1,100 1,000

225

240

247.500

240.01 >0

Minn .

266 354

284

40!)

75,650

144.750

Michigan ..

444 363

110

304

52,752

142.020

Illinois ...

500 500

220

220

110,000

1 10,000

Wisconsin

220 260

245

240

53,875

56,250

Rhode Isl...

250 225

225

250

56,250

50,000

Iowa .

125 125

400

400

50.000

62,450

Vermont . . .

25 20

300

200

7.500

4.000

Totals ...

14,003 12,810

230

271

3.226,202 3

,466,003

A general

complaint is made, of

an

unsatisfactory yield

caused by excessive wet weather. A great many fields have
blighted badly and onions ripened prematurely. Considerable
replanting was done which will make many fields very late
and not of the best qualify, really choice storage stock not
being overly plentiful. Prices from the fields are ruling from
40 to 55 cents per bushel for reds and yellows, and 50 to
75 cents for white onions, depending on the quality. While
this year's report indicates a shortage of some 240,000 bush¬
els, is must be taken into consideration that the past wet
season has been an ideal one for tlie small gardeners to
grow onions in small patches on the upland and often these
small acreages supply many of tlie town and city markets
for a considerable time, and again a short crop is not al¬
ways an indication of a high price.

1 1 ore in the Pecos' Valley apples bring from 75 cents to
$1.50 a box; small undersized but sound apples bring lower
price; best uniform box faced in packing, higher price.
Crop in valley estimated at 175,000 boxes; most of crop
goes south to points in Texas, as far east as New Orleans:
a few carloads of very choice go north. Boxes cost about
eight cents each by car lot. Apple packers get $1 a day
with board, $3.50 without; shade trees or sheds to work
under. a. p.

Dexter, N. M.

FLORIDA NOTES. — The rainy season is soon over, and
farmers will commence saving peavine hay next week.
String beans for November use are just up. and gardeners
are now planting small potatoes whole for the Winter crop
to he dug as wanted in January and February. The main
potato crop is planted in January. Many berry plants are
set out in October which yield a nice crop in March , April
and May. In October we plant turnips for January, Feb¬
ruary and March market, shipping them in barrels with
green tops on. Lettuce and cucumbers are being planted
and tomatoes for November and December market are grow¬
ing nicely. Sweet peppers and okra are being shipped and
will continue until frost, which is not usual before December
It) at this point and often not till January. Peaches, pears,
plums, oranges, grape fruit and Kumquats do well. w. e. e.

Dade City, Fla.

NOTES FROM THE PENINSULA.— I see on page 733. N.
P. C., Burlington Co., N. ,L, says Ivieffer pears were selling
from 75 cents to $3 per barrel in the orchard. Just send
me a buyer at any such price ; I have from 15.000 to 20,-
000 % -bushel baskets of Kieffer pears awaiting a buyer.
The best offer I have had is 12 cents per % -bushel basket :
pears fine. I have one block of 1.500 trees that I think will
run from six to eight % baskets per tree. I have trees
that are 3 7 years old that will pick 20 to 25 baskets per
tree. Apple crop very light in the upper part of our State.
Not far from Wyoming station on Delaware R. R.. you will
find some fine orchards owned by men who are making
apples pay. If anyone wants to see apples that are apples
they need not go to the Ozarks or the valleys extending
along the Blue Ride Mountains' in Pennsylvania. Maryland
or Virginia. We have good crops of wheat, corn and hay.
plenty of Fall pasture. Everything has grown this year;
late potatoes also a fine crop. Plentv of fields of corn
will average from 60 to 75 bushels of shelled corn per acre.
Wheat has averaged from 25 to 30 bushels per acre in my
neighborhood. J. T. s.

Middletown, Del. ________________

BUSINESS BITS.

It may interest many of our people to know that the large
live stock commission houses of Chicago and other western
cities have opened a branch at East Buffalo. N. Y., and are
now prepared to handle consignments at this point.

The Globe Trotter’s Dictionary is a handy little book
issued by The Nitrate of Soda Propaganda. 32-16 John
St.. New York. It is designed to aid those who travel,
and is really a little dictionary, giving English words most
commonly used and their equivalent in German, French,
Spanish and Italian. The book will be a great help to
travelers or those who are interested in comparing lan¬
guages. The edition is limited, and is sent only to those who
are interested in agriculture.

Anyone who has not experienced the pleasures of riding
on a bolster spring after having become accustomed to the
old iolting way. has a pleasure to look forward to. The
pleasure is increased tenfold when one considers the saviyg
of jolt to load and wagon, and strain on horses and harness.
Any one of these items will, in a short time, pay the cost
of a pair of the, Harvey bolster springs, probably the best
known and most satisfactory of any on the market. Write
to the Harvey Spring Co., 101 N. Murray Ave., Racine
Junction. Wis.

Among the different hay presses manufactured the line
built by .1. A Spencer at Dwight. Ill, deserves special atten¬
tion. These presses represent the most advanced ideas

of hav press manufacture and are unequaled for speed, accu¬
racy and economy of operation. Mr. Spencer manufactures
several types of hay press, each of which possesses distinc¬
tive features which make it specially adapted to the pur¬
pose for which it is intended. Anyone sending a request
to .1. A. Spencer. Dwight. Ill., will be furnished with an
illustrated catalogue fully describing these excellent ma¬
chines.

The Kalamazoo Stove Co. plan of selling their entire
product direct from the factory to the user is well known.
They not only do not belong to the mail order class, but

they distribute nothing whatever of their product through

mail order houses. Kalamazoos go straight to the users

from the factory. The Company has a paid up capital of

$315,000. Their long-time approval test, their bank guar¬
anteed bond, the saving in price, prepayment of freight, re¬
turn privileges, and other characteristic features of their
methods of doing business are familiar to our readers from
having so often read them in the advertisements. The
Company publishes a large and elegantly illustrated cata¬
logue. describing their entire tine of stoves and ranges and
giving in detail their plan of doing business. This cata¬
logue is sent free to anyone who writes for if. It is free
from the big promises and extravagant statements found
in so many. Address Kalamazoo Stove Co., Kalamazoo, MlQli,

766

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 21,

• ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ * ▼

[ Woman and Home |

From Day to Day.

DAWN.

The first gray streaks of dawn hut show
The world yet sadder than before,

As hill and tree and homestead grow
Wan phantoms in the morning frore.

Walt: while the cold gray here Is round ns.
There, rising up behind (lit* height.

The sun in rose-red splendor's found us.

And all the world is full of light.

— London Saturday Review.
*

Cheese pie will make a nourishing hot
dish for supper, and also make use of
stale bread. Cut the bread into one-third
inch slices, cutting each slice in half. But¬
ter a shallow baking dish, put in a layer
of bread, then a layer of soft mild cheese,
cut in one-eighth inch slices, and sprinkled
with salt and paprika or pepper. Beat
two eggs slightly and add one cup of
milk. Pour over the bread and hake until
the cheese is soft, which will take about
30 minutes.

*

Here is an eggless fruit cake made by
a New Jersey woman, which “comes well
recommended,” as the intelligence offices
say : One cup of sugar, one cup of butter,
one cup of buttermilk, two cups of sifted
flour, one cup of raisins (seeded and
chopped), one teaspoonful of cinnamon,
one-half teaspoonful of cloves, one-half
teaspoonful of nutmeg. Beat the sugar and
butter to a cream ; dissolve the soda in a
little hot water and stir it into the milk,
and add next the spices. Flour the raisins
and add them last. Bake in a well-but¬
tered tin, on the bottom of which place a
clean white paper, also well buttered.

*

Some very pretty flannel shirt waist
suits, offered as house or morning
dresses by a fashionable New York waist
maker, give a useful suggestion to a home
dressmaker. They are made of plaid
pressed flannel, in rich dark colors; the
skirt is seven or nine gored, like the pat¬
tern shown this week, with a side pleat at
each gore. The w’aist is plainly pleated,
surplice shape, with a white chemisette.
The effect is stylish, yet so simple that
any home dressmaker can copy it. Among
the shirt waist materials for Fall and Win¬
ter we must not forget the Scotch wash¬
ing flannels, which come in a variety of
pretty stripes. Their usual price is 25 to
35 cents a yard, hut there are occasional
bargain sales where they sell for 15 to 18
cents. They wash very well. White mer¬
cerized waistings. including fleece-hacked
pique, cost from 25 to 75 cents a yard;
the more expensive ones are almost as
rich-looking as silk brocades.

*

When making a hat on a wire frame,
the wire should first he covered with cape
net, which costs 30 cents a yard. Crino¬
line and stiffened tarletan are sold for this
purpose, but cape net is the best. It is
not a difficult thing to cover a hat shape
prettily with braid, though of course it
requires some knack to do it with ease.
The brim must always be started at the
outer edge, the crown at the lower park
finishing it off by turning the end of the
braid under at the center. It is a good
plan to have an inch-wide strip of buck¬
ram run around the lower side of the
crown, inside, before the covering is put
on, as this gives something firm to pin
to, and prevents the frame from spread¬
ing. Braids of silk, felt, velvet and che¬
nille, alone or mingled, cost from $1.75 to
$3 the piece of 12 yards. A small toque,
without brim, will take about eight yards;
a moderate-sized hat one piece. If the
brim is very large it will take more, as of
course both sides of the brim must he
covered. According to present appear¬
ances, large hats are to be much in favor
this Winter, and many of them show
most fantastic arrangements of trimming
and drapery. There is much trimming

under the brim at hack and sides, both
feathers and drapery of chiffon or mous¬
seline de soie; in some cases a perfect
cataract of ostrich plumes. Such hats are
generally very unbecoming, for they de¬
stroy the graceful outline of the head, hut
they will doubtless he worn with entire
seriousness. The first model hats of each
season are quite likely to he he rather
“freak\,” hut women of taste usually set¬
tle on some becoming mode, and make it
the fashion, whatever the milliners may
have decided for them.

How to Use Barberries.

The bright red intensely sour fruit of
the barberry is an ornament in many old
gardens, hanging on long after frost. For
domestic use the berries should not he
gathered until well frosted. For jelly the
fruit need not he stripped from the stems.
Put the fruit in a porcelain kettle with
water to come j list to the top of the ber¬
ries and boil until thoroughly cooked, then
put into a jelly hag and drain out the
juice; return the juice to the kettle and
boil hard 15 minutes. Measure it before
boiling down. Add a pound of sugar to
each pint and boil rapidly 10 minutes, then
put away in glasses. This is an excellent
jelly to serve with meat.

Barberry Catsup. — Stew three quarts of
barberries with three cupfuls of water till
well cooked, then strain through a sieve.
In a separate saucepan stew four quarts
of cranberries, a cupful of raisins, a large
quince sliced, four small onions minced
and a quart of water for half an hour,
then pass through a sieve; mix with the
barberry juice and add half a cupful of
vinegar, one-fourth of a cupful of salt, two
cupfuls of brown sugar, a dessertspoonful
each of ground cloves and ground allspice,
two tablespoonfuls each of black pepper
and celery seed, one teaspoonful of cay¬
enne, cinnamon and ginger and a grated
nutmeg. Let the whole boil one minute.
If too thick add vinegar or water. This
recipe is given by Miss Parloa ; some
cooks make the catsup omitting the
quince and cranberries.

Barberry Jam. — Pick three pounds of
barberries from the stalk, put them in a
jar or farina boiler, with three pounds of
sugar. Stand the jar in a saucepan of
boiling water, and simmer gently until the
sugar is dissolved and berries soft, then
stand aside all night. In the morning put
them in a porcelain-lined kettle, and sim¬
mer slowly for 25 minutes, stirring con¬
tinually. Turn into glasses and seal when
cool; like jelly.

Barberry Preserves. — This is a very old-
fashioned recipe. Four quarts of barber¬
ries picked from the stems, washed and
drained. Heat one large quart of molasses
and one quart of white sugar together
until the sugar is dissolved. Skim, and
then add the barberries. Cook until they
begin to pop and shrivel, which will be
in about 10 minutes. Skim them into a
stone jar, then boil the syrup slowly until
it will cover the berries.

Lend Your Presence.

We all need the help that encouraging
words and sympathy give, hut none more
so than the teacher of the district school.
She holds in her hands the welfare of
your children, yet many the term that you
do not see the inside walls of the school-
house during school hours. You meet her,
perhaps, socially occasionally, and possi¬
bly send her an invitation to tea once in a
while. This done, you think your duty
toward the teacher well performed. “She
gets her pay for the work,” you say, “and
why should she need help?” Granted,
that she receives a money recompense, but
many times she could and would render
better service for the same did she meet
hearty co-operation from parents. Teach¬
ing is often uphill work, for the simple'

reason that those who should he most
vitally interested in the advancement of
their little ones are apparently most indif¬
ferent. When I was teaching in a country
school several years ago 1 was greatly
aided by the visits of an old minister. He
would “drop in” when it seemed most
convenient for him, and show the pupils
that he took an interest in their progress.
Because they knew he asked about each
one and watched their recitations they
studied with a greater zest, and as for be¬
haviour, they were pinks of perfection
while he was there, and for the remainder
of the day. He usually talked to them a
few minutes, telling anecdotes and stories
that set them thinking. I wished many
times that the fathers and mothers would
come in now and then, hut 1 never could
get them started. They hadn’t time, or
some equally flimsy excuse, for I noticed
that they always found time to visit about
the neighborhood.

No one hut a teacher can understand
how much she sometimes is in need of just
the help a parent can give by friendly
visits. The children would soon grow ac¬
customed to company, and not knowing
when they would he under such scrutiny
would strive to make a good appearance
at all times. If you think a certain class
has done well, say so. It will do the
scholars good and will not hurt the teach¬
er. Mothers especially should think it
Over. The first day the coming week you
can spare go and see the teacher and her
flock. Take a neighbor along with you if
you can, but at any rate, go yourself.
Then in a few weeks go again. Try to
get others to go also, and if your children
do not improve you may call me a false
prophet. Perhaps the teacher lacks in dis¬
cipline, or in some other attribute. Y’ou
can better matters by encouraging words,
and by showing her pupils that you will
stand hv their teacher, and that you thor¬
oughly disapprove of disobedience. Try
this plan for a year, and see if you do not
have a better school than ever before.

HELEN R. ARMORY.

If I have faltered more or less
In my great task of happiness;

If I have moved among my race
And shown no glorious morning face;

If beams from happy human eyes.

Have moved me not; if morning skies,
Books, and my food, and Summer rain,
Knocked at my sullen heart in vain—
Lord, Thy most pointed pleasure take,
And stab my spirit broad awake;

Or, Lord, if too obdurate I.

Choose Thou, before that spirit die,

A piercing pain, a killing sin.

And to my dead heart run them in !

— R. L. 'Stevenson.

Steel Range,

$

saving for you

Write your
name ana ad
dress on uostal
say you want
particulars.

Write today

No Better Ranges Can
be /Hade.

When you got our catalog and compare our prices
with those of other dealers you will find it hard
to believe ttiat the quality, appearance and real
t alue is all we claim nut

We Guarantee

our stoves and ranges to bo exactly as represented
in every way and you may send us your order with
the understanding that you shall have your inonoy
refunded if for any reason you are not
satistied when the order is tilled.

OurtiO years of business in this line
and our motto “Reiiablo Merchandise
Only” are an absolute protection.

Being located in New York Gity tve
are in the greatest and cheapest mar¬
ket in the world. Freight and express
rates are lower here than any where
else in America.

We also have a (iOO page general cat¬
alogue that illustrates and describee
20,000 articles for house, shop oriarm
use. It costs us 75 cents but it will be
sent free if you ask for it.

Get the Catalog, Write to-day.

White, Van Glahn & Go,,

No. 15 Chatham Sq.. N. Y. City.

Established 1816.

BUY
in]

m

YORK

OIDEST MA/LOROER
HOUSE /RA/fER/CA

TELEPHONES

AND LINE MATERIAL B'OH

FARMERS’ LINES

so simple you can build your own line.
Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.

7H Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

▲ KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test,

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that there is no
better stove or range made, and we save you from $5 to
$40 on every purchase, because we save von all middle¬
men’s, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We're manufactur¬
ers, not “mail-order dealers we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the world;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND' A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

Oven
Thermometer I

^ „ - - ranges arc equipped

patent Oven 1 hermoineter which makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

We probably can refer you to pleased customers in your oiu»t neighborhood.

Cents aWcckpR ifftCeuts aMonth

FOR ONE YEAR JLSJfoR 12 MONTHS

THAT’S OUR PRICE
FOR THE WONDERFUL

MISSISSIPPI WASHING MACHINE

SIX MONTHS
FREE TRIAL

With It* SPRING MOTIVE POWER and ROLLER
BEARING ROTARY ACTION, It runs easier than
any other washer made; a mere child can run It.

Forces double the water through the clothes at
double the velocity of any other washer and will
do double the work In half the time. Will wash
cleaner, better, and with leas soap than any other
washer made. Won’t wear or Injure the finest
lace, and will wash tho heaviest blankets or car¬
pets. No more wearing out clothes; this alone
will save Its cost In a few months. Washing made
EASY. QUICK. CLEAN and ECONOMICAL.

Worth twice as much us any other machine
advertised or sold at (10.00 to (15.00.

Cut this ad. out and mall to us, or on a
postal card, or In a latter say, ‘-Send mo
your new Washing Machine Offer." and

I NALL

OUR OFFER.

- - - 7< _ _ _ _ _ _

you will receive by return mall, FREE, the most wonderfully
liberal washing machine offer ever heard of. You will get a
proposition never made by any other houBe. Don’t buy any kind
of a washing machine, at any price, on any kind of terms, until
after we mall you our great offer. Write TODAY and get all we

return mall, free! SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., Chicago, Ill.

1005.

7o7

7*uble Linen.

In buying table linen it is very true that
the best is the cheapest. A good quality
tablecloth will outwear two or three
coarse, thin ones. 1 have used two table¬
cloths for common, every-day wear all the
time for four years, and then cut from

them four large tray-cloths which will last
a year or two more. Not only from the
standpoint of economy is it better to buy
good material, but it is a constant delight
to the eye and the touch as long as it
lasts, while a cheap cloth never looks well
after it is first washed. Such table linen
as I have in mind costs a dollar a yard
and is unbleached. I would never buy the
bleached goods, for the chemicals used in
the quick-bleaching process seem to thin
the cloth, besides making it rough look¬
ing. The unbleached goods whiten out
quite soon, and the ecru tint while it lasts
is rather agreeable than otherwise. The
only trouble is that this good quality linen
is very hard to launder for some time.
When we have our ordinary family we use
a rather small table, less than two yards
long. So, for everyday wear. I get a yard
and a half of tablecloth and use the width
of it for the long way of the table. Thir
is a saving in the first cost, and it also
saves considerable work* in washing and
ironing. _ s. B. R.

The Rural Patterns.

The skirt and coat here figured would
combine to make a very handsome jacket
suit, herringbone suiting, tweed, home-
spun or broadcloth all being suitable ma¬
terials. The coat is made with fronts,
backs, side-backs and under-arm gores and
is finished with collar and lapels. The
sleeves are in the preferred coat style with

6072 Nine Gored Skirt,
22 to 32 waist.

•roll-over cuffs at the wrists. When liked
the coat can be made shorter in half
length. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is G yards 27, 3 )/*,
yards 44 or 2$i yards 52 inches wide for
three-quarter length ; 5% yards 27, 2 V*
•yards 44 or 2^4 yards 52 inches wide for

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

half length. The pattern 5133 is cut in
sizes for a 34, 30, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust
measure ; price 10 cents.

The skirt is made in nine gores, there
being a pleat at the front edge of each
gore that is stitched fiat for a portion of
its length The fullness at the back is laid
in inverted pleats that are pressed flat
and the placket can be made either at the
center or the under- fold of the pleat as
preferred. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 8)4 yards 27,
5J4 yards 44 or 4*4 yards 52 inches wide
when material has figure or nap ; 6J4
yards 27, 3)4 yards 44 or 3)4 yards 52
inches wide when it has not. The pattern
5072 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30
and 32 inch waist measure ; price 10 cents.

Stock Collars. — There is a strong lik¬
ing, especially among rather young ladies,
for stocks of soft, wide ribbon worn un¬
der dainty turn-over collars and tied in a
large bow. One and three-fourths yard of
four-inch ribbon is about right, and a
dark color is frequently chosen, as navy
blue, brown or black, whichever harmon¬
izes with the blouse. Another large bow
of ribbon like the stock is worn very
low on the hair at the back. The collar
should be fully two inches deep and
straight top and bottom. It should just
meet, with a tiny brooch over the ribbon
bow in front. It can be mounted on
a band deep enough to pin to the neck¬
band of the blouse under the ribbon.
Sheer lawn hemstitched at the lower edge
and up each end is a good material. Fine
catstitching or drawnwork above the hem
is pretty, or an edging of narrow lace
may be overbanded on without fullness
except about the corners. The much-used
button-hole effect is still popular, and
there is really nothing neater for every¬
day. A linen collar is made as de¬
scribed and two inch-long buttonholes are
worked in each end. They should be
about three-fourths of an inch apart and
the first one that distance from the col¬
lar end. Of course the ribbon or Wind¬
sor tie is threaded out and in at the
buttonholes and ties under the front hems,
drawing the collar snugly into place. As
the collars mentioned all launder beauti¬
fully, even a mussed one may be Changed
for a fresh band and one’s neckwear be
always immaculate.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

A Fair Booth Free
to Any Church

THE church people of America
havedonemuch forTHE Ladies’
Home Journal. The magazine is
glad to do for them when it can. To
any church which expects to hold a
fair this fall or winter The Ladies’
Home Journal will send, without
charge, a beautiful booth measuring
eight feet square and eleven feet high.
Accompanying it will be sent, also
without charge, twenty large repro¬
ductions of some of the most famous
pictures which have appeared in the
magazine. The pictures should bring
Twenty-Five Dollars easily, and on
every new subscription and renewal
for the magazine taken at the fair a
liberal cash allowance will be made.

Almost four thousand churches took
advantage of a similar offer made last
fall. One church made over Two
Hundred Dollars, another One Hun¬
dred and Eighty Dollars, and so on.

All of them made money.

If you are interested in a church fair to be given
this lall or winter write now. We shall give only
one thousand of these booths this fall. 44 First
come, first served.”

The Curtia Publishing Company
E 86 Arch Street, Philadelphia

Dietz Lanterns

Once a Dietz Lantern user, always a
Dietz Lantern user. You can give the
best reasons in the world for it. The
first, a big one, is the

“Clear, White Light of the

DIETZ-"

What else do you want in a lantern?

The Dietz offers you convenience,
safety, long burning, no smoking or
sooting, a never leaking, solderless oil
pot. Another thing, a Dietz Cold
Blast lantern doesn't blow out Just
when you need it most. These things
are important. There are other things
you ought to know before you go to
buy your lantern. You can get them
out of our lantern book and we’ll be
glad to mail it to you free. Just
write us for it.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

82 Lalght St., NEW YORKICITY.

Establish at iXja.

£7 ^URArTELEP^ONEUlTETJ

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES, LOW

Prompt shipments. R.

_ _ . PRICES

GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

Are you going,
to build one
If so consult'
us. Wo can"
save you
money on our
combination
proposition
on wire and
instruments.

♦

Eastern
Tel. IMfg.
Company
West
Cheater,
Penna

r* 4

Steel Roofing, $1.50 Per 100 Sq, Ft.

Now, minted both nidcs, most durable* and economical
roof covering for Barns, Sheds, etc. Freight Paid

•o a(l Points Cast of Colorado, except
Oklahoma, JnH. Ter. and Texas. Prices
elsewhere on application. $1.50 la prlco
on our No, 15 Flat Sheets, 2 ft.x2 ft. At
$1.00 wo furnish the inino in corrugated
or “V** crimped. Wo also furnish this in
t> and 8 ft. lengths at an advance of 50c
per sq. Ask for our Froo I lluatrated 500
rago Catalog No. A. M. 57 on Lumber,
Roofing, Wire Fencing, Hardware, Fur¬
niture. Clothingand General Stocks from
Sheriffs* and Receivers' Sales. Wo
(•ought the Fifty Million Dollar 8t. Louis World’s Fair.
Cnw«ago Houao Wrocking Co., 35th ft Iron Sts., Chicago

EDdystonE

Simpson - Eddystone

Black 6 Whites

The standard for quality. Honest
through and through. That means ab¬
solute economy. Dresses made from
them are durable. The color will not
fade or run in washing. The designs
always retain their beauty.

/sic your dealer for
Simpson- Eddystone lilack Whites .

Three generations of Simpsons have made
Simpson Hints.

PRINTS The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

No. as
4 qt.

Japuuncd.

I*rtce,

• 5. SO.

WHEN BUTCHERING TIME COMES

One of the chief needs is an Enterprise Sausage
Stuffer and Lard Press. It lessens the labor of
pressiug the lard and taking care of the sausage.

ENTERPRISE

Sausage Staffers

are simply and strongly made. The cylinder is bored true and
the plate tits accurately. The meat cannot rise above the plate
under pressure. The corrugated spout prevents air entering the
casing, assuring preservation of sausage and perfect tilling.
The Enterpri»e Meat Chopper should be used to cut the
sausage. If your dealer cannot supply you with these indispensable machines write ub.
Be sure the name “ EutcrprUe ” is ou the machine you buy. W rite for the “ Enterprising
Housekeeper,” a book of 200 choice receipts, and “ Kitchen Helps,” sent free.

THE ENTERPRISE MFG. CO. of PA., 263 DAUPHIN ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

" The "Recollection of Quality Remains Long Cdfter the Trice is forgotten
Trade Mark Regtatered.

“Old Friend Tools”

Every man feels a certain pleasure in the use of good
tools. He knows that he can depend upon them to do their
work and do it well. In time a man will become attached
to a good tool as to an old friend, so in sympathy do they
seem to become.

Keen Kutter Tools are the kind of tools that become old
friends. They are the dependable, long-service kind.

There is neither economy or satisfaction in using poor
tools, they are brittle and break easily, or they are soft and
require constant sharpening, and they finally have to be
discarded long before good tools would be worn out.

There is economy and satisfaction in buying Keen Kutter
Tools because every Keen Kutter Tool is the best that brains, .
money and skill can produce.

Keen Kutter Tools have l>cen the standard of America
for 36 years and were awarded the Grand Prize at the St.

Louis Exposition, the only prize of the kind ever given to a
complete line of tools. The name Keen Kutter covers a
complete line of tools so that you may buy any kind of tool
with assurance of absolute satisfaction.

When, for instance, you buy a bit be sure to get one
bearing the Keen Kutter name. Made in all leading pat¬
terns, highest quality of steel, finest finish and with long
cutting lips, insuring long life.

Some of the other kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are :

Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers,

Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets,

Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks, Corn
Knives, Eye Hoes, Trowels, Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips,

Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc.,
and knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools, write us

and learn where to get them. 8cn<l far Tool Booklet.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis. U. S. A. 298 Broadway, New York.

mK££N
KUTTER

768

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 21,

CONTENTS.

Tub Rural New Yorker. Oct. 21, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Dodder in a Clover Field .

Handling Quack Roots .

Working Out a Rotation .......

Water Supply for the Farm . . .
Keeping Vegetables for Winter

Hope Farm Notes .

Report on the Onion Crop ...

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY

Black and White Boarders .

Shade for Chickens .

Hen Notes . . .

The Missouri Mule .

Curing Balky Horses .

Blue Andalusian Poultry .

Fattening Poultry .

Feeding Cotton-Seed Meal .

Farm Butter. IIow May it Be linprov

What About “Freemartins?" .

Washing Horses .

HORTICULTURAL.

A New Spraying Mixture .

Brief Spraying Notes .

Influence of Stock on Scion . 7."

Information About Greenhouses ....

Failure of a Michigan Orchard .

A Talk About Peaches .

Notes from the Rural Grounds .

American Poinological Society. Part II
The Fruit Exhibit at the State Fair..

Florida Notes .

Notes from the Peninsula .

WOMAN ANT) HOME.

From Day to Day .

How to Use Barberries .

Lend Yotir Presence .

Table Linen .

The Rural Patterns .

Stock Collars .

MISCELLANEOUS.

Draining a Damp Cellar .

Water Glass Questions . .

Rights of Photography .

Products, Prices and Trade . . .

Editorials . . .

Events of the Week .

Business Bits .

Publisher’s Desk .

758

758

758
75!)

759
793
705

701

709

769
709

770
770
770

770

771
771
771

i it i

757

758
758

700

701

702
705
705
705
765

700

700

700

TOT

TOT

707

759

700

700

701

704

705
705
709

MARKET

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern Duluth

No. 1.

No, 2, red.
Corn ....

Oats .

Barley .

hard. Manitoba,
for export .

FEED.

39

<0

<a>

&

@

0 T

02 %
92 Vs
90 '/,
(il >/.
34

Middlings.

20.00

<02

2.oo

Spring Bi

■au . . .

1 7.00

(a 2

1 .00

cottonseed meal

(0

- —

I. inseed meal . . .

(0

—

GR

ASS S

SEEDS.

New York ret a

il pric

•es.

Timothy,

1)11. . . .

(0

—

Red Top.

ini . . .

.1.40

<0

—

Kentucky

Blue Gr

•ass. hu . . . .

. 2.35

<0

—

IIAY

AND

STR.

IW.

I lav. No.

1 .

<01

6.00

No. 2 .

14.00

<0 14.50

No. 3 .

12.00

(0 1

2.50

< 'lover.

mixed

12.00

(0 1

3.00

( ’lover.

11.00

(01

2.50

Straw. Long rye

(a

—

Short a

nd Oat

9.00

Of 1

0.00

MIL

I\.

N. Y. E

xeliange

price

three

cen t s

per i

qua rt

in 26-cent

zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery,

first quality

. 21 V4 (0

21 V-

I jower

grades

. 17

(0

20

State Dai

ry . . . .

.....

. 10V

; of

20

Imitation

Creamery . .

. 17 V, (0

19

Factory. .

15

Of

17

Renovated,

. 15

(0

in

Racking Slock . .

. 15

<0

17 V

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy . 1134

Fair to choice . 10 44 <0

n !4

Light skims .

9%(0

10

Full skims .

•>

V> of

3%

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

30

(0

—

Selected, white, choice .

2<i

(0

28

Mixed, extra .

24

Of)

25

Nearby, fair to good .

21

23

Western and southern .

17

Of

20

Refrigerator

17

<0

21

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evap., 1904, com. to pr
Sun dried. 1904 .

5

<0

7%

4

(0

5

Sun dried, 1905. southern..

3

4 V>

Raspberries. 1905 .

20

Of

—

Cherries. 1905 .

14

(0

—

Blackberries, 1905 .

8

@

—

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Alexander . 3.00

Graven stein . 2.50

Weal Iliy . 2.50

Maiden Blush . 2.00

Fall Pippin . 2.00

Baldwin . 1.75

Ilubardston . 1.75

Greening . 1.75

Culls and windfalls . 1.00

Pears. Seckel and Bartlett. .3.00

Bose . 3.00

Clairgeau . 2.50

Anjou . 2.50

Louise Bonne . 2.25

Kieffer . 1.00

Plums. 8-11). bkt . 20

Peaches. bn. ltk t . 25

Grapes. 18-lb. case . . 00

4 lb. basket . 8

Cranberries, bbl . 0.00

Muskmelons, bu. crate . 1.50

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu . 2.00

HIckorynuts. bu . 1.25

Butternuts, bu . 75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes. L. I., 180 IDs . 2.00

State & Jersey, round sorts. 1.75

Long kinds . 1 .65

Sweet Potatoes, bbl . 1.00

Brussels sprouts, quart . 8

Beets. 100 bunches . 1.00

Carrots, bbl . 1.00

Cabbage. 100 2.50

Celery, dozen . 15

Cucumbers, bbl . 2.50

Corn, 100 50

Cauliflowers, bbl .... .1 25

Eggplants, bbl . 75

<a 4.oo
(0)3.50
0/ 3.50
<S 3.00
(0 3.00
<S 3.00
<02.50
<0 3.00
<0 2.00
Oi 5.00
(n 4.00
(n 3.00
(0 3.50
(03.00
( a 2.00
(a 35
(a 1.25
<0)1.00
(a 12
<0 7.00
<0 2.25

(a 4. SO

(01.75

<0

(02.12
(0 2.00
(0i1.85
(0)1.50
(0 14
(01.25
(01.25
(04.00
(0 40

<0 8.00
<0 1.50
(03.00
(it 1.25

Lettuce,

dozen . .

. . 10

<0J 50

Lima Be

ans. bu .

(a 2.50

( )nions,

Conn., white.

liiii. .

. .3.00

<0 5.00

Conn.,

yellow

(a 2.00

Orange Co., yellow.

bag . .

. . 75

<0 1 .25

Orangi

3 County.

red

. . i .mi

(01.75

Long

Island, bbl..

....

. .1,50

(0 1 .75

Ohio,

white, bu

...

. . ’ ID

<0 1,25

l’eppers.

bbl . . .

. . . .

. . 50

(01.25

Spinach.

bl>l ....

. . 1 5

Of. —

jMiua sli.

Hubbard.

liiii.

. . 40

Oil 75

Marrow. ....

. . 40

<0 60

Turnips,

Ruta bag:

a. Ill

il _

. . <•>

(01.00

Tomatoes, bu. . . .

. . 25

(01.00

BEANS.

Marrow,

Of 3.05

Rea, 1904 .

. v .

. . 1 .50

(a 1.70

Red Kidney. 1904

. .2.50

(02.95

Yellow I

Eye .

* . . •

. . 1 .85

<01.90

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb . 16 @ 20

Old Turkeys . 14 m 18

Chickens., fey. broilers, lb.... 20 @ 22

Fair to choice . 16 (5) IS

Prime roasters . .... 20 (pi 22

Fair to good . 11 (0! 15'

Fowls . 12 <0 13

Ducks. . . 13 (0 17

Squabs, prime, dozen . 3.00 (0)3.50

Mixed and dark . ,1.50 @2.00

COUNTRY-I )RESXEI ) M E A T S.

Veal, calves, lb.

Pork .

Roasting Pigs . . .

10%

7

10

12

!)

13

LIVE STOCK-

Native steers, 10<

Bulls .

Cows .

Calves, veal .

Culls .

Sheep .

Lambs. . . .

Hogs, State

IDs .

.3.

i •>

30
45

. 5.00

. 2.75

. 3.75

. 4.50

and Pa . 6.00

(a 5.30
(v 2.85
(03.25
(0 9.25
@3.00
<05.50
(a 7.50
(0 (i.io

FARM CHEMICALS.
Prices named are for car lois.

lots 10

to 25 per

cent higher.

Nitrate

of soda ■ • ■

. 52.00

(a

Muriate

of Rotasli

. 42.00

(a

Acid Rhosphate . . .

. 14.00

(a

Kainit.

. 12.00

(n

Dried

Blood .

Of

TURPENTINE FROM STUMPS.

On page 678 I notice your mention of the
“turpentine from stumps” proposition. My
duties in connection with the Lilly Orchard
Company require t lie spending of several
weeks each year at our pecan grove in south¬
ern Mississippi. At Moss Point, near our
plant, a <*>mpany was organized, possibly by
these same men. to make turpentine and al¬
lied products from pine refuse: thus making
valuable the material we bad been paying out
good money to get rid of. I was approached
with the stock proposition, but the alluring
prospects held out did not allure. The works
were established. A good many thousand dol¬
lars went into the plant first, and into the at¬
tempt to make it a go afterward. They made
turpentine ali right. The turpentine is in
the stumps, and distilling brings it out. But
like the “gold from seawater" company this
company found the bringing of it out cost
more than the product would sell for. Fur¬
thermore, they learned that the product ob¬
tained was inferior and brought a less
price. As a result the company lias aban¬
doned the work, for the present at least, and
I believe permanently : and the investments
of the stock purchasers have passed over to
join the “silent majority" of stock' invest¬
ments in untested projects. R. o. o.

Bloomington. Ill.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants, ’

229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES:

Game,

1 Poultry

Mushrooms,

JUrs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

Fancy Eggs.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New York.

PHAS. E. ELLISON, Waynesboro, Va. Head-
^ quarters for ground Tobacco Stems.

rnn O t| C— 108 ACRE FARM, containing GO
rUn OMLt acres Orchards; 16 acres Willows. No
waste land: good buildings; pleasant location; near
Lyons. 0. A. GOExZMAN, Lyons, N. Yr.

Handsome iUus-

mm „ w _ _____ _ trated List Free.

Chicago Farm Agency, 12M Hartford bm«., Chicago.

WESTERN FARMS.

17 COWS 50 TONS HAY, corn, potatoes, farm¬
ing tools and machinery, all go will) this 110-acre
dairy farm: to close estate quickly, price for every¬
thing only $3,300; picture of house and barns, with full
details and "Strout’s Special List”, just out. describ¬
ing and illustrating hundreds of MONEY-MAKING
FARMS throughout New England, New Jersey and
Delaware, mailed free. E. A. STRO IT, Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau St., New York City, or 8H Broad St.,
Boston, Mass

Single Dag

SPECIAL! DEERSKIN MIT

, Fleec^linucn^troiig and durable. An unusual

value.

m

pair

Y y

' v

. . vT>-- •' • - *

Postpaid"

60c

pair, o r ,
two pair

’ Handsome Catalog Free. Deerskin
. Glove Co., 20 Middle St., Gloversville, N. Y.

Quaker City Feed Mills al
Reduced Prices.

It is announced that the famous
Quaker City Feed Mill is on the market
at a reduced price this year. Whoever
buys a Quaker City buys what is con¬
fessedly the standard, and has been for
nearly 40 years. It
is ball bearing, easy
running, has sepa¬
rate hoppers for ear
corn and small
grains and surely
does more grinding
for power used than
any other. We show
one of the eight
sizes. The manufacturers, The A. W.
Straub Co., 3737 Filbert St., Philadel¬
phia, ,and47-40 S. Canal St., Chicago, send
the Quaker City anywhere on ten days’
free trial, freight paid to destination.
Catalog free. There seems to be no
reason why every feeder should not af¬
ford himself a Quaker City this year

with an Appleton Wood

SAW you can rapidly and with
case and safety

your own wood
and SavcCoal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make

$5to$l5aDay

Strong, rigid
frame, adjustable
dust-proof oil boxes, etc. We make five styles.
Also the famous “Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers, Shellers, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for Iree catalogue.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, I11J

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

“ELM HILL”

HOLSTEIN STOCK FARM

FOR SALE.

A No. 1 Horse or Cattle Farm— 272 acres: clay loam;
very fertile: excellent buildings, in good repair; good
fences; well watered; windmill. Stable room for 125
cattle. Barn room for 350 tons hay. Largest silo in
Northern New York. Mile track can be made in
sight of buildings, with little grading.

REGISTERED HOLSTEIN HERD.

Well advertised. Excellent shinning facilities.
Three miles from R. R. junction at Philadelphia, N.
Y. State road to be built from Philadelphia to farm.
Splendid location for high-class stock farm. Little
competition in vicinity for registered cattle or horses.
Send for Circular giving full description of farm,
buildings, stock, prices, terms. Mention this paper.

Will be sold with or without Holsteins,
DR. GEO. A. COE, Watertown, New York.

BUSINESS MANAGER WANTED in every
town to manage branch office and superintend
force of salesmen: big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can lie managed with other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen,
Newark, New York, Dept. A.

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, YVlieat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

XX. 3T". SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

You Want n Sow

Mill? Write KufcM.il" lias
— - them in Mn- k for Kngii>"S *»no to ! -■>

►-horse power. His llltle booklet, 1 ") 8
' Get Acquainted/-’ sires yon an explSna-
’ tion. Write for it now. The Knight
Mfg, Company, Dept.

Canton, 0.

IDEM ALUMINUM LEG BAND

To Mark Chickens
CHEAPEST AND BEST
12 for 16c., 25— 50c., 60— 50c., 100— 1BC.
Frank Myers, Mfr„ Box 57, Freeport, III.

ATTENTION S'

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
IifljBmational Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

A Home for You Northwest

There is a home for you and yours in the wonderful
Northwest.

No matter what your occupation may he — farmer
artisan, tradesman, professional man or manufact¬
urer— you are wanted Northwest.

The next decade will witness more progress, more
development in the great Northwest than in any
other section of this grand country of ours.

Now is a good time to investigate. Cheap tickets
and convenient train service make it easy to do so

A postal card request will bring the information
you want. Send it to-day. P. S. EUSTIS, Pass.
Traffic Mgr. C. B. & Q. Ry., Chicago.

“ The Busy Man’s Train.”

Appropriate in its Name,
Appropriate in its Route,

Appropriate in its Character--

“The 20th Century Limited.

This is The century of all the
ages.

The New York Central — Lake
Shore 18-hour train between New
York and Chicago (the two great
commercial centers of America) is
The train of thfe century, and is
appropriately named

“The 20th Century Limited.”

A beautiful etching of this train printed
on plate paper 24 x 32 inches ready for fram¬
ing will be sent free to any address on receipt
of (0 cents, by George H. Daniels, General
Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station,
New York.

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of Iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. Five sizes portable saw mills; shingle ma¬
chines; lathmills; cord wood, cut-oil und rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for it. Address

American Saw Mill Machinery Co., 129 Hope St., ilackettstown, N. J.

New York City Cilice, 610 Engineering Building.
Distributing Points: Ban Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Vancouver, Bt. Louie, New
0 rle&HB, Atlanta, Richmond.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using tbe

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Se.nd stamp for “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

3f. Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

<0 Pea, -horn St., Chicago. 2S4 Craig St., Weal, Mon. reel, P.Q.

40 North ith St , Philadelphia. 22 P|U“ st-> !,yduey> N- ^ w*

Teuieiiie-Koy 71, Havana, Cuba.

REMEMBER

WHEN YOU WANT

The Kina i nat Lasts Forever.

Write for free sample and prices in car load
lots, delivered at your Railroad station.

THE H. B. CAMP CO.,
Bessemer Building;, Pittsburgh, Pa

your Health and STRENGTH with
JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. —Get it from your Druggist.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

769

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The following letter has just reached
us :

As 1 am thinking of investing a few hun¬
dred dollars with \V. M. Ostrander, real 6s
tate dealer and investor of Philadelphia, I
would be very much pleased if you could in¬
form me if his business is all right and if he
is a man to trust. I would like to hear your
advice in my case. J. s.

Connecticut.

The following letter has been on our

desk for some weeks :

A copy of your excellent paper of June in,
in which you give your readers some advice
regarding stocks sold by \V. M. Ostrander
of Philadelphia, has just come to my notice.
Unfortunately I am in a position to verify
the surmises you ventured, as to the actual
value of 5500 worth of Mr. Ostrander's goods.
You seemed to think that a stock certificate
for that amount might lie worth 30 cents.
You were mistaken, it is not worth that
much. It is not worth a “cuss word.”

New York City. n. e., ph. d.

One of the peculiar features about
both these letters are that they both come
front men who are not subscribers to The
R. N.-Y. It is possible that they found
the paper in some public library, but more
probable that some friend who is a regu¬
lar reader, knowing of their investments
or intended ventures, called their atten¬
tion to the information of this column.
There are two more paragraphs of H. E.'s
letter that we have not been able to print.
It would make interesting reading for J. S.
at this time, but it is probably more
turciblo than is necessary to convey a
correct idea of his experience. He
makes it clear, however, that bad he
made an investigation before taking the
investment as he made it afterwards, lie
would not have exchanged his money for
a paper certificate that lie now considers
of no practical value.

Some time ago we promised to give a
list of the individuals and firms whose ad¬
vertisements we would not carry in I fiEi
R. N.-Y. because of the complaints that
farmers have made against them in the
past, or because of their want of suffi¬
cient credit to justify a farmer in sending
them money in advance for an order. We
cannot, of course, attempt to give a com¬
plete list, hut it will he well to save these
for reference and others will he added to.
the list as occasion requires. Some of
these never did and never could adver¬
tise with us. Others have advertised with

oftentimes a whole crop which may in
the case of fruit trees require several
years to grow.

Here is one man’s letter that we want
to call to your attention at this time:

'file pen arrived all safe and is very' satis¬
factory. Please accept my thanks..

New York. . a. n. n.

This letter has just reached its in, ac¬
knowledgement of a fountain p£h sent as
a reward for sending in a club of new
subscribers. Wc'told you all about this
pen last week. You see the pen is pleas¬
ing those who got it. Would you like
one?- It is a fine thing to carry in the
pocket, and it makes a very handsome
article for a Christmas present. Just drop
us a line and we will tell you how to get
one. It will require only the time of one
or two evenings.

Shade for Chickens. — I find tin* aspara¬
gus patch a fine place to pen my chickens,
good for chickens and the asparagus also.

e. r.

IIex Notes. — I have never fed rye Jo
fowls, hut have known people to feed it with
very poor results. I think they would bet¬
ter sell the rye and huy wheat in its place ;
they will get hotter results for same money.
My choice in feeding as a whofe for Sum¬
mer feed is oats, harley and wheat mixed,
equal parts. I do not think there Is any
better feed for laying hens than oats for
eggs, hut they want change. As regards sep¬
arating the rooster from pullets, it depends
on time they are hatched; .if they are early
hatched the sooner you get JJhom cjo mar¬
ket the better. If laiiY^hiat’ehed you must
get the size before you can market them.

c. E. VASS.

The Missouri Mule. — The following re¬
marks are credited to a Missouri Congress¬
man :

"Why, there were enough mules in Mis¬
souri last year to have paid the whole $13,-
000,000 originally given for (he Louisiana
Purchase, and then to have paid the cost
of the world's fair recently held in St. 'Louis
besides. The Missouri mule is known the
world over. Ilis fame has spread to the re¬
motest corners of the globe. No nation on
earth dares go to war without first asking
Missouri for a sufficient supply of mules.
Battleships and 13-inch guns are made on
either side of the -Atlantic, hut the Missouri
mule grows only between the Mississippi
River and the borders' of Kansas. At his best
he is nineteen hands high and weighs 1,000
pounds. I take off my hat_ to Hie Missouri
mule, and stand at a respectful distance.
The only animal with, no ancestor of his
own type and no hope of posterity of any
type, lie maintains his importance in war
and .agriculture."

us, but failed to make good reasonable
complaints of our subscribers, and we
were obliged to make good ourselves.
Some have good financial rating, always
pay their bills promptly, but their goods
or their propositions are such that after
investigation, we would advise our readers
to leave alone, and, of course, would not
give the indorsement of our advertising
columns. Wc do not include in this list
some advertisers that we have refused to
run simply because there is some doubt in
our own minds as to the nature of the
business. To he safe we refused it. It
did not look right, but we would not feel
justified in condemning it publicly. Some
of these and some of this list run now in
other farm papers, but under our “square
deal” guarantee to subscribers, we would
not feel safe in carrying them. Follow¬
ing is a list of advertisers we would not
accept for the above reasons :

5. J. Smith. Shortsville. N. Y.

Sheerin’s Nurseries, Dansville, N. Y.

Mark T. Thompson, iiio Vista. Va.

Wm. Kimball. Manchester. Mich.

<;. 8. Benjamin. Lansing. Mich.

(’lias. C. Nash. Three Rivers. Midi.

Co-operative Nurseries. Charleston, W. Va.

.1. A. IOveritt, Indianapolis. Inch

T. O. Furnas. Southport. Ind.

Isaac Tillinghast. I, a Plume. Pa.

Oak Nurseries. Coliingdaie, Pa.

W. C. Babcock. Bridgman, Mich.

II. Lightfoot. Chattanooga. Tenn.

Tit. Pomona Nursery Co., Swanton, Md.

Medford Seed Co., Medford. Mass.

\V. M. Ostrander. Philadelphia. Pa.

Win. Umpire, Amsterdam. N. V.

A. T. Townsend. Mt. Blanco, O.

Villeview Poultry Farm. Salem. N. Y.

11. L. S. Hall, Seottsviile. N. Y.

Lewis Benedict, Lutherville, Md

C. W. Barrick, New Martinsville. W. Va.

o. W. Mendall, Austin. Tex.

Jackson Co. Nurseries. Bosky Dell. III.

j. A. Bennett & Sons. Gouverneur, N. Y.

F. Sawyer. Newark, O.

When you write advertisers mention The
li. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

PAROID

oori^o

You will save money and get a
better roof by using

PAROID.

Slate colored — contains no tar —
easily 1 a i d— a roofing kit free.
Spark, water, gas, heat and cold
proof. Lasts long and looks well.
Don’t take an imitation.

Send for :i free sample and book of build¬
ing plans for a 2 cent stamp. Investigate.

F. W. BIRD & SON. Makers.

E. Walpole, Mass.
Chicago. III.

E*tabli*hed 1817.

Originator* of roofing kit in every roll

(AMPLE

THIS COOKER

makes feed go twice as far,
cooks all kinds of feed, serves a
dozen other farm purposes. The

Farmers’ Favorite

1b made to last ; heaviest strong¬
est low-priced cooker made.

Model service in sugar and ap¬
ple muter making, butchering,
etc. Write for circular and prices today.
L. R. Lewis. 12 Main Si. Cortland, M.Y.

R

Write for prices ant
MELROSE STOCK FARM,

EGISTKRED ANGORA GOATS— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAM BOU 1 1 .LET RAMS.

and information.

Cincinnatus, N. Y.

MILCH-GOAT SERVICE BUCK

FOR SALE. Young hornless Saanen T. Imported
Stock, registered. Price moderate to close estate.

M. LINDEN, Roosevelt, L. I.

A large percentage of the above list are
small seedsmen and nurserymen. Grow¬
ers need to be especially careful in placing
this class of orders because the loss of
the money involved may not be so import¬
ant, but the loss of time, and worry, and

rr Q nr TP-Good Rat and Rabbit Hunters. Get otrr
I LRU Liu price list bef ore you huy. Address.
SHADY LAWN FERRET FARM, New London. Ohio.

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.
Prices and Circular FREE.

Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, 0.

Good judges of value invariably select Ruberoid Roofing in preference
to all others because : —

It is made from the highest obtainable quality of all-wool felt.

Will not melt and run in hot weather;

Does not dry and become brittle with age;

Suited for any structure and can be applied with the greatest case.

Absolutely water-proof and fire resisting;

Tests under the severest conditions, and actual use all over the
world prove its exceptional endurance.

More efficient, durable and reliable than nie’al or shingles. Lower first
cost and fewer repairs. T lie reputation of an honorable company stands
behind its quality.

CAUTION. — Ruberoid is manufactured solely by the Standard Paint
Company. Avoid the many imitations by seeing that the word Ruberoid
is stamped on the under side of the material.

Write for samples and Booklet “R.”

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

Solo Manufacturers,

100 William Street, New York.

Resists Wind

In the Country

where the wind gets
full sweep

"The Register"

Jlex Stircthote

ROOFING

wi 1 1 stay put when shi n gles are bio w-
ing off. Resists fire, water, heat , cold
and wear . Easy and inexpensive.

SAMPLES FREE

with book and photos of Rex
Flintkote farm buildings.

“Look for the Boy’’ on
every roll.

J. A. & W. BIRD & CO.

70 India St., Boston

WHITE WYANDOTTE8 EXCLUSIVELY!

F( )R SALE.— Fine large COCKERELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN. Stanley. N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. (’. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport. N.Y.

Vac's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. (!l) p. book. 10c.
Ratos free. J A BERGKY.Box8,Telford.Pa,

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N. Y.

rppQ WILL BE HIGH THIS WINTER,
bV3\JlO and you'll get lots of them if you
feed my sound, dry, red wheat. Get my prices.
WILLIS It. KNOX, 5 Newport Ave., Intercourse, Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$] each. !>. F. ARNOLD. Burlington Flats. N. Y.

RADPPn BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

DAIYIYEU, Rooks, White Wyandottcs. Whito
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks. $3.00 each; $7.50 for tr!o. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Pennn.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating’ or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac :cally Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sain ' is, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

HENS WILL LAY

twice the eggs, more fertile, produce better
hatches, heavier fowls, earlier broilers and
bigger profits if fed green cut bone, rich in
protein and all other egg elements.

LATEST MODEL

BONE CUTTER

Sent on 1 0 Day* Free Trial. No money
In advance. Never clogs. Cuts fast, easy and
fine. Cat'lg free.

F. W. Mann Co., Box 15 , Milford, Mass.

MANN’S

POULTRY

OQOOOOOOO

We keep ev-i

_ _ _ J erything in the I

(POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-S
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
} it’s cur business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the J
j asking— it’s worth havins

ing.

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

>Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York Clty.<

QQGQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQGt

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

FARM FENCES

like farm bnildings, should be
> e r m u n e n t improvements.

Properly erected, should outlast
the posts. Should stam l not only
continuous use, but also severe
abuse. Such a fence is an In vest¬
ment. We make it. Let us tell
you about it.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co. .Box 772. Adrian, Mich.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Lot us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.

Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co.. N. Y

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich, L. L. Conkey . Brin.

fLQfa On Long or Short
9 ^ Term Investments

[(/» a per iJ

$25 upward, with¬
drawable on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn
ings from day receiver
poday withdrawn.

'Supervised by New York
|j Kinking Department

MONEY received at any
time in the year, yields

5 p. o. per annum for
every day we have it.

You should learn how far our
operations are removed from
any element of speculation.
Conservative investors will ap¬
preciate a plan affording all the
security and profit without the
.Tiinoyauce of Individual niort-
•-THKe loans. Write for par¬
ticulars.

Assets, . $1, 700.000
Surplus and Profits,

$ 1 60,000

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,'

Times BI’d’K, H u y , N.Y. City

ppec CTfiRY ot' hiterest I® every farmer and his
rnct O I un I family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will ho sent abso¬
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See onr
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg. Co., 10 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

No More Blind Horses Moon blindness and other

sore eyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

DR. DAVID
Roberts

CATTLE

specialist

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion in Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OlVN STOCK FOOD at home.

Or. l)avi,l Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 (4 rand Ave. .Waukesha. Wls.

SURE CURE! Brooks’Appliance

New discovery. No obnox-
H n ious springs or pads. Anto-

1 1 JU | 1 I UK matic Air Cushion. Kinds

A 4W1 XY&44 and draws the broken
parts together as you
would a broken limb. No

salves. No lymphol. No
lies. Durable, cheap. Pat.
Sept. 10. ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE CO.. Box 340, MARSHALL. MICH.

77o

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 21,

Live Stockand Dairy

CURING BALKY HORSE.

A young mare six years old. broke io work
well through season, hut when hitched to a
sleigh with light load she began to balk
and has been worthless for heavy work since.
Will work fairly well on a light rig. Very
strong, good eater and drinker and in good
flesh, weight 1,300 pounds. Can she be made
to work? n. s.

Oregon.

You have a job on your hands where
you must hold your temper and get the
best of the mare in a slow quiet way.
The way to get the best of balky horses
is to tire them out in some way before you
try to have them do what you wish. This
can be done by placing them on three
legs for a time or giving them a good lot
of light work before you put them at
heavy work, and see that they are noj put
in any place where they will refuse to
work. This is the secret of the whole
thing. It is a fact that there are more
balky drivers Jhan horses.

M. D. WILLIAMS, P. V. S.

BLUE ANDALUSIAN POULTRY.

Will some breeder tell us the arguments
in favor of this breed?

Blue Andalusians closely resemble the
Minorcas in many ways, the only mate¬
rial difference being color. A more beau¬
tiful fowl than Blue Andalusians can
scarcely be found; they are very orna¬
mental on account of their beautiful plum¬
age. They belong to the Mediterranean
class, and originally came from Andalusia,
Spain, whence they derive their name.
They are unsurpassed as layers; the eggs
are large and white like the Minorcas.
1 hey belong to the non-sitting class, and
weigh about the same as Minorcas. They
are a very hardy variety and quick to de¬
velop. There is also a great demand for
the fowls and eggs, for which a liberal
price is given owing to the scarcity of the
breed. w. g. mosher.

Pennsylvania _

FATTENING POULTRY.

Why do people place young and old
fowls on the market when not properly
fattened, when it is but little work to
make fattening coops? My coops are made
about six feet long, divided into three
parts ; this makes them f -o feet square,
made of V/2 inch slats with two inch space
all around the same. They should be placec
up from the ground or floor to keep the
fowls clean. Place a tray before them
with feed, and if not all eaten up trays
should be removed until next feeding.
Each part should contain four or five
birds, according to size, or as many as
can come to the front to eat at once.
My first experience was with 538 pounds,
worth $44.60 in the market ; feed $7.57
other expenses $1.40; total $53.57; when
sold amounted to $68.71, which you see
was a profit of $15.14. They should be
fed light for the first five days with mash
consisting of two parts oats, one part
bran, one part meal. Increase slowly to
two parts oats, two parts meal and con¬
tinue until the last few day’s clear meal
with plenty of grit. The birds will gain
in weight enough to more than pay for the
feed and will sell for two or three cents
more in the market, as they are so much
better flavor and also fine color.

Pennsylvania. w. g. m.

FEEDING COTTON SEED MEAL

Cotton-seed meal is the dairyman’s
cheapest source of protein, and can be
fed to cows in milk in quantities large
enough to balance the carbohydrates and
fats in the ration. Most cases of garget,
and what is just as bad for both the cow
and the dairyman, indigestion (off the
feed) can be traced to a poorly balanced
ration. Cotton-seed meal analyzing 42
per cent protein at $30 per ton is a much
cheaper feed than bran analyzing 16 per
cent it $20 per ton. But I have never

been able to get the same profit when I
have used all cotton-seed meal to balance
the ration as when I used the same num¬
ber of pounds of bran as of the meal.
Cotton-seed meal is constipating. The
bran by keeping the bowels in good con¬
dition pays for its extra cost. I have fed
with profit the following rations : 1. 25

pounds corn fodder, 4 pounds cornmeal,
4 pounds bran, 4 pounds cotton-seed
meal. 2. 8 pounds mixed hay, 20 pounds
corn fodder, 5 pounds cornmeal, 3 pounds
bran, 3 pounds cotton-seed meal. 3. 40
pounds silage, 3 pounds bran, 3 pounds
cotton-seed meal. When on fair pasture
two pounds cornmeal, one pound cotton¬
seed meal. The pasture ration can be
mixed in the above proportion, and any
number of pounds fed per day that the
price of milk will justify. Farther south,
where cotton-seed meal is cheaper, it is
fed alone in large quantities to both cows
and beef cattle when on pasture. My
brother fattened cattle in Texas by giving
a gallon at a feed. But they do a great
many things in 1 exas we would not have
the nerve to do here.

Maryland. john h. janney.

As for cows, the ordinary breed is selling
from $30 to $40 per head, and likely to go
higher, as milk is a better price for the Win¬
ter than it has been for several years. There
has been general satisfaction with the price
of milk the past Summer. Feed is high at
present, and the prospect is that it will go
higher, as it usually does in the Winter
banners raise very little grain of anv kind'
not one-quarter what they need for their
stock. Many do not raise even their own
bread. s, B.

Middletown, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Tuttle’s Elixir

Our old $100 offer always good
for failure to cure, when cure is
possible, any caseof splint, curb,
colic, thrush, etc. "Veterinary
Experience,” the horseman’s in*
fallible guide. Valued every¬
where. A copy mailed free. Write for ft,

Tuttle’s Elixir Co„
ao Beverly St„ Beeton, Mas*.

You Can’t Cut Out

A BOG SPAVIN or
THOROCGHPIN, but

ABS0RBIME

will clean them off, and you work the
horse same time. Does not blister or
remove the hair. Will tell you more If
you write. $2.00 per bottle, delivered.
Book 5- II free. ABSORBINE.JR., for
mankind, @1.00 Bottle. Cures Varicose
Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocele, Ruptured
Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged Glands,
Allays Pain. Genuine mfd. only by

W. F, YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

Above trade mark on ©very box

Cure Fop
Galls

.While you work
the horse.

WsBICKNIORE’S

Dealers selling it everywhere are authorized
to refund money if it fails to cure all Galls,
Scratches, Cracks, Wire Cuts, etc. The stand¬
ard horse remedy for many years. Sample 10c.

BICKMORE CALL CURE CO., Box 519, Old Town, Ml.

KENTUCKY JACKS

IB A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
WPMF1 Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

■k Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS

and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J* F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire, Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
| and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
iCollie Dogs and a variety of
■ Poultry. Come see my
I stock and make your own

— , — : - selections. 8end 2c. stamp

. !L"k‘ 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

Breeders’ Directory

POD CAI ET MAr-K and fe-

rvfl* OHLL MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWH RAMS

Prize winning; Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

DEG. SHROP.SHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
IV ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludiowville, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.

R. F. 8HANNON, 905 Liberty St.. Pittsburg. Pa.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N -FRIES IAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding ot the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record. 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
AVING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

OAKLAND FARM

OFFERS HOLSTEIN BULL,

Born November 29. 1904. Two-thirds White.

Sire, Canary’s Mercedes' Son, whose dam made 25
pounds, her milk testing 4.92 per cent.

Dam. IJ rmage Ische 3d, 14 Hi pounds at three years
with first calf. She by Admiral DeKol.

If you want a good one cheap write quick.

T. A. MITCHELL, WEEDSPORT, N. Y.

AVE FOR SALE

DROTHKRTOWN FARMS-HA
u THOROUGHBRED IMPROVED

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS

(both sexes), 4 to 6 weeks old, at $5 each. The foun¬
dation for this herd came from two of the best Cana¬
dian breeders. For full information, address
_ QUENTIN McADAM, Prop., Utica, N. Y.

LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRE S—

■■ Males and females, of choicest breeding-for sale
reasonable. NUTWOOD FARMS,

K. F. D. No. 4, Syracuse, New York.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

_ _ Registered Trade Mark

SFAyiTNT CUHE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
1 hair. Horse may work as usual.
$5*00 per bottle with written guarantee.
4* w Send for copy, also booklet and scores ol
letters on every kind of case and lameness. Dc-
scrilie your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

I)UROC- JERSEY PIGS and BRED SOWS. All
stock eligible to registry. Write for prices. Ad¬
dress, A. B. WOODHULL, Wading River, N. Y.

~ O, I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. ami Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand ---•»•■ — -»»».
I remier, 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at'.W y.
State Fair in 1903 Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N . H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale — and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

Keg. P, Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

~~ 8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬

vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
S Hoi steins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
In Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

IMPROVED URGE YORKSHIRES

bog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BKOOK STOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality,
thim ei«a.re th? kin<i you want write or come to see
1, sei,ect from. Animals of both sexes

0fler at b,ice* that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.
_ -A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices or>
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rlfton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

IT’S A FACT

That we now have more young eows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
ih0y„are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d’s Butter
P°j? $d, Beryl Wayne’s Paul DeKol, and the imported
bull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for further particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD. Established 1876,
HENRY STEVENS & SON.
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacuna, N.Y.

■of the BEERY BIT'

FOUR O ITS IN ONe

Cure* Kicker*, Runaway*. Pullen,
Shyer*, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
I(aj*’ Trial and circular showing
— - - the four distinct ways of using it.

A Lady can held him. Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant Hill Ohio.

Better

than

ANOTHER

cow

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
_ _ _ !*I'jLlLri<'e4ist on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

Large English Berkshires, $5 each; pairs not related.
$9.50. 9 Shropshire Ewes cheap. B. P. Rock and Buff
Orpington cockerels $1 up. W. A. Lothers, Lack, Pa.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

SPECIALTIES THIS WEEK!

Registered H. F. service bulls, one year old past,
ready for immediate use, at reduced prices.

A son of Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Count, son of
the present world's champion cow.

Two sons of Mercedes Julip's Pietertje's Paul, son
O. die 1900 world s champion cow.

A richly bred, handsomely marked, registered male
and female calf, bred not akin, for $100.

Do not buy your sen-ice bulls from thin milkers,
J he milk from Star Farm herd lias tested over 4 per
cent tat for the year 1905.

The herd is headed by the two greatest sen-ice bulls
in the world.

250 Head to Select From. 250

Guarantee that all stock CEnflfl
VvUUU sold will be as represented. $0UUU
Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,
Department D, Cortland, N. Y.

Tile National Cream Separator is

better than another cow, because if you

“ - onlyhave four cows you can

make as much butter as
with five cows, skimming
the old way, and the separ-
ator eats nothing. The

National
(Separator

Costa almost nothing for
repairs, and pays for it¬
self every year. Easiest
to run, easiest to clean,
easiest to buy. Write to¬
day and learn why. Ask
for Catalogue So. 60.

The Hastings Industrial Co..

General Sales Agents,

La Salle A Lake St*., Chicago.

Manufactured bj
National Dairy Machine U. ,
Newark. It. J.

Height
ONLY
60 Inches

HOLSTEIN CATTLE All of the Very Highest Quality.

FNft QEDlfCUlDC ClAUilC If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write' us

S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS E. H. knapp & son, - fabius, n. y.

PUBLIC SALE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE.

FIFTH PUBLIC SALE,

SYRACUSE, N. Y„ OCTOBER 25th, 1905.

This offering- of 80 Head of Purebred HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN CATTLE
will he fully up to the Standard that the Company propose to maintain.

BREEDERS’ CONSIGNMENT SALE COMPANY,

H. A. MOYER, Syracuse, N. Y.

A. A. C0RTELY0U, Neshanic, N. J.

STEVENS BR0S.-HASTINGS C0„ Lacona, N. Y

T. A. MITCHELL, Weedsport, N. Y.
F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

H. L. BRONSON, Cortland, N. Y.

Catalogues will he ready to mail October 10, 1905.

s. D. w. CLEVELAND. Sales Manager- SYRACUSE. N. Y.

1905.

77 1

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

FARM BUTTER. HOW MAY IT BE
IMPROVED?

That the great bulk of dairy butter is
not as good in quality as it might be none
can deny. Go into any grocery store and
ask for dairy butter, and you will be
shown a promiscuous array. There may
be some that is good, a little that is really
first-class, but the remainder will be of
all degrees of excellence represented by
the negative rather than the opposite
sign. The purchaser who is fastidious
about his butter will find comparatively
few who make an article that he can
really enjoy. What is the reason for such
a condi'.'on? If one wom?n can make fine,
butter why not another ? \V ith all due
allowance for inconveniences and lack of
suitable utensils by which some butter-
makers are handicapped, the fact remains
that in many instances the trouble lies
with the one who makes it. This does
not necessarily imply any reflection in a
personal way. In the first place, few
women ever have the benefit of special
dairy instruction. Whatever they know
about the care of milk and hutter they
usually have learned from their mothers,
and one can readily understand that such
knowledge must often be at fault. I here
is no reason in the world why creamery
butter should be of better quality than
that made in the farm dairy, except the
one fact that it is handled in a more skill¬
ful manner. Science gives the key to
success. At the factory a study has been
made of bacterial action, good and bad,
and the most approved methods are em¬
ployed, resulting in a product which, day
after day, year in year out, varies but
little in quality. It has always been my
contention that the farm dairy ought to
turn out better butter than the creamery,
for there every detail from beginning to
end is directly under control, whereas the
creameryman is frequently called upon to
handle milk or cream which, owing to
somebody’s mismanagement, is in bad con¬
dition when it reaches him. Yet because
of his skill, obtained at a dairy school no
doubt, he is enabled even in such cases
to make fairly good butter from it.

How are we going to work to improve
the quality of our dairy butter? How
can it best be done? First, by giving in¬
struction through every channel of infor¬
mation which can be made to reach the
ones who make the butter. Give every
possible opportunity for the dissemination
of dairy knowledge ; at farmers’ institutes,
at fairs, at dairy conventions let demon¬
stration work along this line be made a
prominent feature, as well as the distri¬
bution of literature in the form of leaf¬
lets, bulletins, etc., telling in detail how
good butter is made. Our experiment
stations are doing a great work, but there
might be a little more attention paid to
this particular line of agriculture in the
way of issuing with greater frequency
bulletins bearing especially upon the sub¬
ject. One after another of the different
States is taking up the matter of a special
course in dairying, to which shall be in¬
vited not only young men and women
who intend to teach dairying, but also
farmer’s wives and daughters who wish to
obtain a fuller knowledge of butter mak¬
ing, going back to their homes to put into
practice the information gained.

We have special trains going to and fro
bearing instructors who from a car plat¬
form lecture upon improved methods of
road building, corn growing and potato
culture. Why not have a dairy special,
which shall carry to waiting crowds of
men and women specific instruction in the
care of milk and butter? We have been
told that a single trip of such a train
across the State of Iowa resulted in vast
improvement in corn culture, and an in¬
creased yield amounting to hundreds of
thousands of dollars. Corn is a mighty
factor in our agriculture, it is true, but
where will we find a farm east, west,
north or south that is not producing butter
for home use or for market, even though
the amount is comparatively small ?

Another reason why there is so much
poor butter sent out from farm dairies is

that it is not graded. When a farmer
takes a load of wheat, oats, hay, or other
produce to market he receives payment
according to its merit. ’ If No. 1, he gets
top price; if No. 2, then he gets pay for
second quality. Not so with butter. We
are told that it is impossible to establish
a graded market with country grocers,
where the great hulk of dairy butter is dis¬
posed of. To enforce such a rule would
he to lose customers, for no affront is
greater than to tell a woman her butter
is not equal to the best. The only way
is to educate, and let no opportunity pass
for agitating dairy instruction at all gath¬
erings of a nature to warrant it. I he
grading of all hutter offered for sale
would without doubt do a great deal to¬
ward the desired end. What reasonable
excuse can be offered for not doing so,
other than that some sensitive soul may
be offended? Were poor butter discrim¬
inated against would not the makers of
that kind speedily find a way for im¬
provement ? E. ELORIDGE.

Michigan. _

WHAT ABOUT “ FREEMARTINS? ”

Recently a very fine Holstein cow dropped
twin calves; one a male, the other a heifer
calf. Desiring to raise the heifer calf, I
started to do so, but since have heard that
it would fail to breed. Can you give any
information on the subject? E. w. w.

Winner, N. Y.

Such heifer twins arc known as free
martins, and there is a general belief that
they will not breed. Where both twins
are heifers there seems to be no trouble.
We would like to have the experience
of practical dairymen with such heifers.

WASHING HORSES.

Will it hurt a horse in hot weather to
wash off the sweat in water from a tank
exposed to the sun if he is driven immedi¬
ately afterwards till dry? g. e. f.

Illinois.

It is a very good way to work out the
sweat and dandruff in the Winter as well
as in the Summer, but it must be done
with good judgment at any time. It is not
necessary to drive a horse to dry him if
he is scraped with a flat stick, wiped quite
dry with a cloth for a few minutes and
then placed in a stall out of the draft and
with a blanket on for a few hours. It
should be remembered that when soap is
used in the water to wash a black horse it
has a tendency to turn the glassy black to
a brown. It is well worth knowing that
a little washing soda added to the water
when washing a white horse will remove
the stains much sooner than soapsuds.

M. I). WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

BUY YOUR

SEPARATOR NOW

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

If you have cows and haven’t got a Centrifugal
Cream Separator you almost certainly need one and
doubtless know that you do.

If so, don’t make the mistake of delaying its
purchase “until spring.” Buy it NOW and it will
have half paid for itself by spring.

Don’t let your waste of quantity and quality of
butterfat go on another six months, particularly
while butter values are highest.

Buy your separator NOW, and take the first
step toward making this most profitable of all farm
investments by sending for a DE LAY AL catalogue
at once.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 1 1 Drumm St..,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:
74 Cortlandt Street ,
NEW YOKK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue
WINNIPEG.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to litany axle, to
carry anyload. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG.CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 5 TON 14x8

Wagon Scales

$25

A Leffel Engine

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam Is the
only dependable power.

Leffel Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon¬
tal, Upright, Portable.
Famous for quick
steaming On little fuel
Power when wanted,
all you want. Be¬
fore you buy a
power read our
book, Power Econ¬
omy and E I f I c I •
oncy. Mailed free.

Write for It.

Tha James
Leffel t Co.,

Box 160. i

Springfltld. Ohio

On trial. Pay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N. Y.

NEW HOLLAND

Feed Mills

are sold away below any
other standard mills.

Why not save the differ¬
ence? Do all sorts of ear
corn and grain grinding
and they last. Fine meal
makers. Elevator and
bagger if wanted. Three
styles, four sizes. Let
send you one to try free.

Y o it are sure to like it, but we take the
chances. We bargain for return at our expense
if not pleased. Write us if you want the fastest
cutting Wood Saw made. Booklets free.

NEW HOLLAND MCH. CO..

Box 115. New Holland. Pa.

Meat
and Milk

It is nottheamount of food consumed thatcounts
In the manufacture of meat and milk but the
amount of food digested and assimilated. Nature
provides the necessary aids to digestion in Summer by
green pasture containing laxatives which regulate the
bowels and many other of Nature’s tonics and medicines,
but during the Winter, stock being deprived of this most
essential part of the natural diet and subsisting on dry feed,
the 50 to 60 per cent, of the food usually digested Is olten reduced
to 40 per cent, or even to barely enough to sustain life with no gain
In weight perceptible. Now, instead of permitting such conditions to
decrease the amount of digestible nutrition and destroy all the profit, feed
Dr Hess Stock Food twice a day as directed, and if you do not produce more
pounds of weight on the same amount of feed than ever before, besides keeping you*
animals free from disease, return the empty sack aud your money will be refunded.

Is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.), containing tonics for the digestion, Don for the
blood nitrates to expel poisonous materials from the system, laxatives to regulate the bowels.
It has the recommendation of the Veterinary Colleges and the I arm Papers, is recognized as a
medicinal tonic and laxative by our own Government, and is sold on a written guarantee at

per lb. in 100 lb. sacks;
25 lb. pail, $1.60

Except In Canada
and extreme
West and South.

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog. Less than a penny a day for horse, cowor steer.

If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

that from Ihe 1st to the 10th of each month, Dr. Hess will furnish
veterinary’ ail vice and prescriptions free, if you will mention this paper, state what
Jtock you have, also what stock food you have fed.aml enclose two cents for reply In
Ivery package of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that entitles you to this
free service at any time.

Dr Hess Stock Hook free, if you will mention this paper, state how much stock you
haveand what kind of stock food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a
and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice.

772

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Coluber 21, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLESALE PKIOJ5S, Delivered FRE15
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA.V15 Dealers
profits. In use 6X years, Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low priced will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. V.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to set orders tor our celebrated leas,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and liaklns
Powder. Beautiful Presents aud Coupons
with every purchase CHARGES Pall)
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
rare of

I HE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O Box 289, 31-33 VcseySt., New York

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly eon
strutted. Saves labor, annoy
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS wagon's1

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVuwA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

LUMBER AT HALF PRICE

Send us your Lumber Bill for our
estimate. We will SAVE vou from 30*
a,0/,' -We b?!>eht the great ST. LOUIS
WORLDS FAIR. Such an opportunity
may never occur again. Write us today
for our low prices and Free Catalog No.

67 on all kinds of Material. Address

Chicago House Wrecking Co., World’s Fair Grds., St. Louis

FROM ANY
STAND¬
POINT
THE

H & R

REVOLVERS

are the BEST

The IT. & R. Revolvers
never miss fire — never
catch — and willnever dis¬
charge accidentally.

Writ* /or »ur illuttratcd catalogue.

HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON
ARMS CO.,

390 Park Avenue,
WORCESTER, MASS., U.S.A.

Steven

No boy was ever lonely
with a “Stevens” in his hands.

Our Free Catalogue

We issue a catalogue of 140 pages, telling
all about the “Stevens” shotguns, rifles and
pistols; all about cartridges, targets, sights,
weights of rifles, sighting them, etc. It also
tells how to pick out a rifle or a gun, and
how to take care of them. Send two 2-c.
stamps and we will mail it to you free.

If your dealer can’t supply you with
a “Stevens,” write direct to us ,

J. CTEVFKS ARMS & TOOL CO.

.200 H igh Street
Chicopee F ills Mass.

U. S. A.

THE GREATEST WOOD SAWYER ON EARTH

Sa

Sal

]>c

Oi

o -*

-t

£3

CD

<

t~*

Ever-Ready STODDARD Gasolene Engine

od as fast as two men can feed If, and faster than any other outfit can do It.
ady, controllable, reliable, powerful and portable. A convenient, and de¬
li power for any purpose, whether for farm, factory, mill, well drilling' or
“ Buy the Stoddard and yon buy the best.”
o for our new free catalogue EH

STODDARD MFC. CO., RUTLAND, VT.

2-Roir,
4-Roll,
and
6-R0II,

Down ot Mounfii.

Write to-day foV
/rce Catalogue.

WE GUARANTEE same conditions

as to power and

speed applied, condition of corn, etc..

The Appleton
Corn Husker

will do more and better work than any other ma¬
chine of like character and corresponding size „n
the market, that it is simpler in construction; easiei
in every way to operate; easier and safer to feed and
to requlroless power for successful operation. The
proof of these claims is sent for the asking We
inakealso acomplete line of sweep and tread horse
powers, shellers, ensilage and fodder cutters, feed
grinders, wood saws, windmills, etc. Remember
that Appleton quality la t ho standard ot excellence

APPLETON MFGa CQ«y 27 Fargo St.y Batavia^ Ills*

FEED It LITTER-!

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no

wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easv running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head;

Our tubular steel stanchions are -sanitary, durable and humane. For ' n for¬
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

Let Us Loan You a Spreader
For a Month as a Free Test

We are the largest manufacturers of
the best Manure Spreaders in all the
world.

Our factory is located in Detroit. Mich.

We have been manufacturing the
highest grade Manure Spreader on the
American market in that factory for
years.

American Manure Spreaders arc the
standard Spreaders of the country.

There are more American Manure
Spreaders sold throughout the states
than any other kind.

We sell the American Manure
Spreader on time to the user direct
from our factory.

Our long years of experience as manu¬
facturers has put us in a position where
we have absolute confidence in our
Spreader giving entire satisfaction/

For that reason we are making you
direct a very unusual offer.

We say “will you let us loan you a
Manure Spreader?”

We want to do this:

We want to manufacture in our fac¬
tory for you a Spreader of style and
capacity that exactly meets with your
requirements.

We want to ship you this Spreader
direct to your depot, paying all freight
charges, and we want you to take it
home and use it on your farm for a full
month from the time you get it.

We don’t want you to pay us a penny
for the use of the Spreader.

We do not ask for any advance pay¬
ment.

We simply want to give you the
Spreader on the Approval Test for a
month, which is in reality simply a loan
of the machine.

If at the end of the loan period you
find the spreader is not as represented
and will not do what we claim it will,
you can send it back to us and we will
pay the return freignt charges.

If you are satisfied that tbe machine
is all we claim for it, pay for it on time,
which permits the Manure Spreader to
actually pay for itself out of the profits
it makes you.

In considering the liberal offer re¬
member this:

The American Manure Spreader is
the standard— it is not a cheap machine.

It is better finished, it is stronger and
better built, the working parts are more
perfect, simple and correct in principle
of construction, and it is easier handled
than any other Spreader.

If you own 160 acres of land and have
the average number of head of live
stock, a fair estimate on the value of
your annual manure crop is $100.00.

You cannot afford to lose over half of
this by handling it in the old fashioned
way with a fork, to say nothing of the
valuable time wasted by that method.

Wo have a book which gives full description of
our 9 styles manufactured in 5 sizes, also valuable
information regarding the care and use of manure.

Will you write today for this book ? It is free.

Tell us how much land and live stock you own,
and wo will tell you the value of your manure and
the size of machine you should buy.

As this liberal offer will soon crowd our factory,
you should take advantage of it at once, Address:

AMERICAN H A RROWCO. 161 8 Hastings St., DETROIT, MICH.

NOTE— 17 Branch Houses, carrying full line of Spreaders and parts, at leading citiea
in different states where prompt shipment can be made.

When you write advertisers mention Tub
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

HAY PRESS
Gift

as a

Spencer’s full
circle Box Press
offered to you as a gift
if it cannot show
greater capacity than any other make.
Write for descriptive Catalog and see the
conditions under which this offer is made.
Catalog free. In writing name this paper.

J. A. SPENCER,

Dwight,

Illinois.

••••••• *••••••«» ©©•««« o « ft ©eoeo#©# ©•••••••

Sawing Outfit $10.75

Wo aro selling this first-class Tilting Table Faw Franro
for only S 1 0.75. Thousands of them now in
uso. Perfect construction, made right
Lor left-handed. Wc absolutely guar-
lantee this Rawing Outfit satisfactory
'in every detail. Wc have 8 other kinds
of sawing machines, including Drag
^Sawing Outfit, and wo havo saws, belt-
j ine, etc. In fact, wo aro licnd-
qunrfers for Sawing Machines;
have a Inrger lino than any other
firm and our prices aro tho lowest. Wc save you money on
everything you buy, and wo give you the same guarantee on
everything wo sell. Send for our new big cataioguo No. £7,
pricing and describing, with illustrations, everything needed
on the farm and in the home, including our new complete stock
of high-grade furniture at factory prices. This big, up-to-dat®
catalogue is Free, and it’s full of choico bargains.

Cash Supply and Mfg. Co., 4S8 Lawrence Sq. Kalamazoo, Mich.

iI2K CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.
BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track .7 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CEAKK’S l)bl. ACTION
CUT A HAY Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

FOR ALL MIXED FEEDS

Unbuskcd corn, husked ears,
shelled corn and all grains there
is no mill made that for speed,
easy running and complete
grinding equals the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Crinding Mills

New rlouWe cutters, fore© feed, never
choke. Uae 25 percent less power than
, any others. Especially adapted for
_ _ _ gasolino engines. Four sires.

The 0. S. KELLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

BQ Cream Separator

any kind at

$19.90

I90fl Mode

<L-„

JM M B| II WE TRUST YOU 30 DAYS.

h(B \1B ^j.1 WHEN YOU WRITE for our

tree Cream Separator Cata-
B logue wc will send you a won-

■ 1 dertul otter, by which you can

■ take our very best separator

E on one month’s free trial on

credit. Send no money to us,
deposit no money with any
one, pay nothing when you
get It (we trust you abso¬
lutely), use the separa¬
tor one month, put It to
every test, at the end of
one month If you find It
skims closer, runs easier,
is easlerto operate, skims
colder milk, does better
work and Is In every wav
better than any other sep¬
arator you ever saw,
then you pay us for it ; 1 f
not, send it back to us at
our expense of freight
charges, and you are notoutono
cent, and you have had the use of
tho separator free of any cost or
monev deposit for thirty days, on free open account,
full credit trial. We let you be the judge in every par¬
ticular. We accept your decision without question of
kind and without expense to you.

“ --BUYS THE CELEBRATED" DUNDEE
CREAM SEPARATOR, the new Improved
Model, the equal
of cream separators
sold by others at *30.00
to *40.00.

If you answer tills ad¬
vertisement you will
get the Dundee and our other
separator catalogues and ell
our new and wonderful offers.

C9Q fin buys the

OtiJiUU AMERICAN
CREAM SEPARATOR, made
by the American Separator
Company of Balnbrldge, New
York, holders of manv of the
world’s greatest medals for
high grade cream separators,
a separator that never before
sold to users for less than
*65.00 to *100.00, far better
than most separators that
are now being sold at
*100.00.

If you answer this adver¬
tisement you will get the
American Separator Cata¬
logue. all our other separator
catalogues and all our new
and wonderful offers.

$99 QCbu.TK
Vwuavlvour

ECONOMY SEPARATOR, guar¬
anteed the highest grade cream
separator made, guaranteed to
skim closer, skim colder milk,
skim faster, sk im more, clean east er,
run easier, wear longer, do better
work 1 n every way, give better satis¬
faction in every particular than any
other cream separator mudo, re¬
gardless of name, make or price.
With this aeparator goes our cele¬
brated $1,000.00 Challenge for
any other maker to meet us In com*
petltlve test. These separators
skim from 200 to 750 pounds per
Jliour and you can skim 1,000
pounds per hour with our Economy.
There Is no other separator made
that will in any w-ay compare with
It. If you own two or more cows
J ou need our wonderful offer at once.

CXiT THIS AD. OUT and send to
ua. or on a postal card or in a letter
say “Send me your free Cream Sep¬
arator Catalogues,” and you will
receive the three catalogues by re¬
turn mail free, you will get our
'latest offers, our free trial, no
money deposit, open account trust
plan for examination and test, ,
you will get the greatest oream sep¬
arator propositions ever heard of. Address, ^

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

EXPERIENCE WITH BALKY HORSES.

How To Make Them “Go.”

We have had only two cases of “balk” in our experi¬
ence so far. One was a trotting-bred mare that had
been trained and raced, but went lame when four years
old. She had been lame and idle for some months be¬
fore we bought her. We allowed her to run in pasture
for about three months longer, when we took her up
and tried to drive her. She is a sorrel, a Wilkes, and
very high-strung; when hitched to a break-cart she
went every way except forward, and would throw her¬
self as often as one got her up. It was 18 months
before we could depend on her to drive away from
the barn without a “mix-up,” but she has proved worth
it. The only thing we found to do any good was
always to “go one better.” If she backed we backed
her until tired; if she threw herself we threw her
until she was sick of tumbling, and we
found that it had a more wholesome ef¬
fect when one front foot was strapped to
the belly-band of harness, the driver us¬
ing two lines through terret rings as
when hitched. If he plunges let him plunge
but keep behind and keep control. If the
horse backs or tries to throw himself a
few quick, alternate jerks on the lines
will pitch him over backward; then make
him get up, right away, with his foot
still strapped. He will soon see the fu¬
tility of it all and yield. This remedy,
applied often enough, was effective with
the sorrel ; she is now the finest driver we
have ever owned. The other case was a
young draft mare; she worked honestly
for several years, but one day she and her
sire, with 6,000 pounds behind them, got
into an old ditch. Both hubs on one side
were touching clay; it was slightly down
grade with the rest of the road, frozen
hard, so we put them at it, hoping to get
back on to the hard road. They took it,
a foot or two at a time, for perhaps two
wagon lengths; then the mare refused.

After that she would balk with very little
provocation — often without any — for
about a year. In this instance we effected
a permanent cure by loading carefully so
as not to tax her strength too severely,
by stopping frequently on a hill, while
the horses were still fiesh; by keeping
the lines held tight, and by keeping quiet.

When she did balk we took a piece of
tough board two feet six inches long and
2l/2 inches wide, tapering to about V/2
inches ; the narrow end in the right hand,
the wide end to be applied over the fatty part of
balker’s hips; while the paddle was being applied we
held the lines so tight that neither horse could pull,
then they were given the word and responded gladly.
This mare has done the heaviest kind of work for years,
and has never balked since that one season. I have
given these two instances and their “remedies” in detail,
because they illustrate the principle necessary to suc¬
cess in this line; and while there is no remedy given
that will start every balker while the fit is on, it may
help some one to make a balky horse true. To sum
up, see that his collar fits snugly; not away back on
horse’s shoulder blades; the rest of the harness should
not hang on him, but fit neatly, so he may retain his
self-respect; then give him confidence by driving with
lines tight, and by stopping frequently so that he may
know that he can start anywhere you ask him to, re¬
membering always that those lines are as two telephone
lines and his mouth as a sensitive receiver, and if the
driver becomes “panicky” or nervous he imparts it to
his horse, Don’t expect your horse to pull until

strength and breath are entirely exhausted, and then
start the load again. Don’t shake the lines and shout.
Don’t go to his head and try to lead him, or fuss over
him, but treat him in an entirely natural manner. Then
if he does balk, use a whip sparingly, a club never,
and don’t let him try to pull until you are through with
the paddle. charles j. wolfe.

I have had some experience with balky horses. When
I was a boy I worked a 1,600 pound mare that was
very bad. She had been spoiled in breaking, overloaded
the first time in a bad place, and whipped till she re¬
fused to stir. When we bought this mare, the man we
purchased her from forgot to say she had been hitched
and when our men tried to work her she refused to work
for any of them. I spent a half day driving this mare
about double hitched to nothing, and then hitched to a
plow over the field without plowing, and when I com¬
menced to plow it was very light, but soon we were

doing a full day’s work, and for that year the mare
never stopped with me but once, but I always managed
to start a load with her on a turn or down grade. Los¬
ing one’s temper and whipping a balky horse is useless.
Of course it would be the greatest satisfaction to make
them do just what they refuse to do. For a quick rem¬
edy that works with inost balky horses, unhitch, strap
up one front foot and exercise on three legs. Lay
them down with a side line. When they want to get
up don’t let them ; hold the head down. When they
don’t want to get up make them. After a short lesson
they are mostly ready to move when hitched. I tried
an electric bit and lines with battery in wagon, turned
the crank when we stopped. This worked all right,
but was not a permanent cure, and is not convenient
to operate in all cases. Some veterinarians claim that
balky and vicious mares are made so by some ovarian
trouble, and can be operated on and cured. If this is
so some worthless ones can be made valuable. If peo¬
ple would use more judgment in breaking their horses,
more patience and time in handling notional ones,

there would be less trouble with balky animals. But
as a rule it will pay better to own nothing but good
honest, sound animals and let all other kinds alone.

New York. e. s. akin.

We have never had a great deal of experience with
balky horses. There are a great many ways that a
balky horse may be started and some of them seem very
unpractical, but are successful. For instance, we have
known people who started a balky horse by putting
gravel in the ear, but we think that a little too cruel.
One of the best remedies that the writer has ever seen
used, which was successful, was to take a strong piece
of lath or piece of board and get slightly to the front
and still close enough to the horse that he could hit the
horse smartly but not too hard on the kneecap. This
would cause the horse to commence to rear slightly,
and at the same time to go forward and if kept up for
a short time usually breaks a hoise of the habit. In a
young horse, it may be whipped out of
them, but if the horse is seven or eight
years old or over, it is a hard matter to
break it, and sometimes impossible.
Indiana. j. crouch & son.

My experience and observation of
balky horses leads me to believe they are
afflicted with a disease similar to that of
epilepsy in human beings. Beating, start¬
ing a fire under them, hitching a team to
their jaws and many other inhuman tor¬
tures inflicted upon the poor creatures
only increase the trouble. Petting, rear¬
ranging the harness, wetting the head and
face with cold water, will hasten the pass¬
ing away of the fit. A young horse can
frequently be cured by kind treatment
and attention and change in diet. But it
may retijrn. I bought a mare for my
.family to drive, and used her for a long
time. She became frightened at a steam
road roller and from that time on became
balky. I found by inquiry that when
young she balked, but was cured; the
fright caused a return of the disease.
Balky horses are very unsafe to drive;
they frequently commence backing when
in this fit, and it is impossible to stop
them, and as the attack is liable to take
place at any time it may cause a serious
accident. b.

Clay Co., Indiana.

Balky horses are always high-tempered,
and those that I have come in contact
with have without exception wanted to
do all they could and do it quickly. An
absolute control of one’s temper, perfect
kindness and great patience, coupled with
natural ability to get along with high-strung, nervous
horses, are the essentials. No amount of talk can im¬
part the secret. c. a. chapman.

Vermont.

SAVING SEED CORN IN IOWA.

I have tried most of the known ways of saving seed
corn, but find that the most satisfactory way is to save
it at husking time. More than 95 per cent of our corn
is husked from the hill, and thrown into a wagon. I
fasten a box on the side of the wagon that will hold
about a basketful ; then when husking ears that are suit¬
able for seed are put in the box, with but little loss of
time, and during the half day one can get the box full
of the best ears husked. At the unloading place have a
barrel to put the seed corn in. then when going to the
house at noon or night I take a basket of the corn
with me, and put in an upper room in the house beneath
which there is a fire when there is any fire in the house,
and spread it on the floor. We have no mice in our

BLACK PERCHERON STALLION “GOV. TEDDY,” NO. 30190. Fig. 329.

See Page 787.

774

October 2S,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

house. Soon as it dries somewhat pile it back in a
corner. Later on. when there is leisure, the corn is
looked over and the small kernels shelled off. and any
ears that are not up to my idea of a seed ear are re¬
jected. Some time when the power sheller is set up in
the Spring for work 1 carry the seed corn out and shell
i‘ ; put it iu barrels in the granary; then it is ready
when needed. I have taken a bag and gone in the corn¬
field before busking time and gathered corn for seed,
carrying it out, tying it together by the busks, and
hanging it up, but this was tedious, undesirable work
and the seed was none the better for it. so abandoned
that way Next wac to gather a load for seeding before
busking commenced, and save the seed from that, but
then one did not have large enough variety to select
from. Next was to pick out seed when I was unload¬
ing (we unload our corn with a scoop shovel, not pick
it up, sort it, and carry it into the crib in baskets as
eastern farmers did when 1 was among them), but it
took time. The next plan was the seed corn box on
the side of the wagon, and that always stayed with me.
In selecting seed corn have a certain type of corn that
you wish to propagate, then have an ideal ear in your
mind. It is not enough for me to see the ear; I want
to see the stalk that it grew on. It must be rather a
short stalk, must not show any signs of smut, must
stand up well with no suckers and only one ear; then
if the ear is up to the standard it is put in the box for
seed, and this is the best way I have found to get the
best ears with the least time spent. h. c. greene.

Cedar Co., Iowa.

THE LAND OF COW PEAS AND CLOVER.

Farming on the Delaware Peninsula.

Part I.

Not long since 1 received the following letter from
a reader in Delaware :

If Alfalfa will not grow on ordinary land that will grow
from 30 to -it) bushels of corn per acre, is it worth the time
and expense of preparing the land to grow it ? 1 can grow

Scarlet clover well on such land. In what way is Alfalfa
better than Scarlet clover? Some say it will enrich the
land, others say it will not. We know Scarlet clover will
increase the yield of corn from 30 to .10 per cent. w. c. L.

I had just returned from a trip as far south as
Salisbury and Berlin. We have tried for four years, in
half a dozen different ways, to obtain a stand of Alfalfa.
It lias become our best farm ambition to obtain 10 acres
of thick, permanent growth. Yet after seeing the re¬
sults of cow peas and Crimson clover on the Peninsula
I would be inclined to let Alfalfa alone if we lived
in that country. The farms around Syracuse N. \ .,
are growing stronger and more productive as the result
of Alfalfa growing. This strength shows in every crop
of the rotation, and yet it must be admitted that Dela¬
ware farms show an even greater increase as the result
of clover and peas. In the 10 years since I first saw
this cow-pea farming, this light, sandy soil has greatly
improved in color, texture and fertilitv. In some cases
where little or no stable manure has been applied the
soil seems to have all the life and strength that we
find where the manure from dairying or stock feeding
is crowded upon a few chosen acres.

W. F. Allen, of Salisbury, in former years bought
large quantities of stable manure, bringing many carloads
from New York. He says that the continued use of
cow peas has greatly reduced the manure bill. Mr.
Allen estimated the growth of Whippoorwill cow peas
on an acre as equal to at least seven loads of good ma¬
nure. or nearly $20. When we understand that this
crop is made after grain or strawberries, that it grows
without extra fertilizer, and can be followed by rye.
we realize what the cow pea means. Mr. Allen
feeds his horses on cow-pea bay. This fodder looks
to a northern farmer like dried bean vines — that is just
what it is. Yet the horses eat it greedily, grinding the
pods and beans as they would corn. We have been
taught that while sheep will eat bean vines few other
animals care for them, yet here were horses with no
roughage but these dried vines, keeping fat and sleek at
hard work. I remember that 10 years ago. while these
farmers used some cow pea hay, they did not seem to
value it as they do now'. Continued use of the plant
has shown greater value in it both for feeding and for
green manurit.g. The use of the cow pea is constantly
increasing. In addition to the local supply, two carloads
of seed were brought to Salisbury from Georgia last
Spring and all sold. The Georgia seed is excellent, and
great quantities are saved in that State probably because
labor is cheap. for cow pea seed must all be picked
by band.

I wish it were possible to describe the results from
this wonderful manorial crop, so that farmers who
lack faith in it could understand. These results must
be seen to be appreciated, and we must see the thin
soil improve and take on color and character from year
to year in order to understand the full blessing that
conies with the cow pea. The Delaware Experiment
Station found in the cow pea vine and roots, growing

on one. acre 09 l/ pounds of nitrogen, 49.8 pounds of
potash, and 18.9 pounds of phosphoric acid. This gives
as much nitrogen as a ton of high-grade fertilizer, and
it may be grown in Delaware between two other crops,
like an early truck crop and rye, and the bare state¬
ment of this amount of fertility does not begin to tell

LE CONTE PEAR. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 330.
See Ruralisms, Page 778.

the story, because the cow-pea vines rot quickly and
have an excellent effect upon the soil. On my own
farm in New Jersey the cow pea, when it made fair
growth, has given what I may call a better soil effect
than any other form of green manure. If I could grow
this crop and Crimson clover as they do on the Penin¬
sula the onlv reason 1 would have for sowing Alfalfa
would be the long life of the latter, which would make

SECTION OF LE CONTE PEAR. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 331.
See Ruralisms. Page 778.

annual plowing unnecessary. It seems to me that north
of Philadelphia the cow pea is out of its true latitude.
On the warm, sandy soils it will thrive in some sea¬
sons, but seldom as it does in the South. It does not
seem to me that the southern people realize yet what
this climate monopoly of the cow pea means to them.
For example', wheat growing. Years ago Maryland and
Delaware were noted for the production of wheat and
corn. Grain growing was largely given up in many

sections when the cheap grain from the West tlooded
the markets. Now the price has gone up again, and
new fertilizing possibilities have come to the Peninsula.
It is possible to sow wheat at the usual time and har¬
vest it as usual. Then by disking the wheat stubble
cow peas can be seeded. They will make a heavy yield
by the time wheat is seeded again. The vines may be
plowed under, or if this is not desirable the crop may
be cut for hay and the stubble disked for wheat once
more. If potash and acid phosphate are used with the
cow peas we can easily see how the wheat is fed. It is
just like giving the soil a fair coat of manure for the
wheat and giving two tons or more of good hay per
acre. This is but one illustration of the way in which
cow peas can be used in the South. The best Delaware
fruit growers understand the situation, and are utilizing
the plant fully. h. w. e

AMERICAN P0M0L0GICAL SOCIETY,

Part III.

“Plan of Fruiting Grapes," by T. V. Munson, Denison,
Tex., was most interesting. His trellis system seems ideal,
and was evolved after trying all known systems. The
posts- are set 4 feet apart ; the end posts should be good
and strong, and set in the ground for four or more feet,
this manner of bracing being much preferable to any
kind of anchoring known. The intermediate posts are set
two feet in the ground, and are not braced. In this coun¬
try they should about 4 feet above ground. In very
moist places they may be raised to five or feet, and

where very dry lowered to three feet. A hole bored
through the post five inches from the top per¬
mits the center and lower wire to pass through,
where it is drawn tight and fastened. The side
wires’ need not be put up until the second year. Arm
pieces of 3x4 timber arc sawed in 24-inch lengths; a small
hole Is bored in the upper corner of each end, and a notch
cut in the center to the lower side. This piece is not
nailed iu any way. Place the notch upon the center wire
which is in place, and wire the arm tightly to the post.
Two brace wires are fastened with a staple. Two more
brace wires run each end of the arm to the post In front,
and are fastened to that post near the bottom. This sys¬
tem will be found to bold the arm securely in place with
no danger of twisting out of shape. When the vines are
planted, a small stake is driven by each, to which a string
is attached, and conducts the vine up till the wire is
reached, where it is tied, the end pinched, and two side
shoots' allowed to grow. After the vine is strong enough
two shoots on each side are permitted to grow, and the
pruner cuts these back and gently twists them in opposite
directions, tying the ends. These arms furnish the shoots
for fruiting the following season. The shoots coming out
at each bud first stand upright, then fall over the wires at
each side, forming a perfect canopy, which admits of a
large surface to gather sun and light, and the fruit hang¬
ing down beneath is properly shaded. All other shoots
are kept off except those coming out near the crotch, which
are left for fruiting the following year. Any fruit appear
ing on these shoots is removed, that they may gather much
vigor and vitality for next season's fruiting. The old bear¬
ing wood is removed each year. Bagging grapes is all
right for home use, but impracticable for the commercial
grower. Prof. Munson considers spraying essential.

On the subject of "Marketing Fruits," C. E. Bassett.
Fennville, Mich., said that marketing requires quite as
much tact and brains as the growing and packing. Some
better method of distribution is needed, and the best thing
that presented itself at the present time was some plan
similar to the one now followed by the meat companies and
the watermelon growers of the South. A car attached to
the local freight, with the privilege of opening the car at
each station, selling the amount wanted for use at that
place, would put the fruit just where wanted, in much bet¬
ter condition and cheaper than when it must be taken out
of refrigerator car and reshipped by express to these points.

In "Apple and Pear Growing in New Mexico.” Parker Earle.
X. M.. said they have been planting fruit comparatively few
years in that country, but enough has been done to show the
value of new and better conditions than found in some old
States. There is good orchard soil in all the States, but
climate is a great factor in fruit growing to assure suc¬
cess. Where the air is almost always dry, and there is
sunshine 300 days in the year, you will find that you have
left most of your troubles behind you. Where humidity
exists-, fungi of various kinds grow in the same air that
nourishes the fruit. The Pecos and Rio Grande valleys are
plains with mountains around them, with an altitude of
4.000 to 5,000 feet. They are 10 to 15 inches of rainfall,
and growers practice irrigation. The soil is fertile and
strong, and grows perfect trees and fruit. The first thing
that attracts attention is the cleanliness of trees and foliage:
no scale, lichens or anything of that kind. Fruit always
matures. Good orchard management in the best parts of
New Mexico secures five crops out of six : not a total failure
in 21 years. Apples are perfect when Codling moth is kept
in check. Pears are the supreme triumph of horticulture,
and they can be produced as- easily as apples. There is a
good promise for the grower of Winter pears which sell for
several times more than apples. There are many good
things in New Mexico: good soil, sunshine and the sweetest
cleanest air in the world; good health and opportunities.
The territory needs men with money and z.eal for orchard
work and for such men there is a perpetual welcome.

Notes on New Fruits, by Col. Brackett. Washington, will
be printed in full in the reports.. He said it was not best
lo add varieties to present list unless better than those
we now have. What we need is the improvement of those
varieties rather than the addition of new ones. This we
shall get by intelligent selection and breeding. Selection
from chance seedlings has given some good results.. The
need is for live workers to improve fruits- in various ways
with the view of combining many qualities into one vari¬
ety. Hybrids in nature are largely the result of conditions,
and careful selection may give some valuable fruit.

Officers were elected as follows : President, I.. A. Good¬
man. Kansas City. Mo. : vice-president. T. V. Munson.
Denison. Texas: secretary. John Craig, Ithaca. N. Y. : treas¬
urer, L. R, Taft, Lansing, Mich. alma l. moore.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

775

THE SIMPLE LIFE ON A FARM.

Working for a Home.

Having been much interested in the sketches of farm
life in your paper, 1 send you one Saturday's work
on a small farm in Erie Co., Pa., in the month of
August. At 5 A. M. 1 don my morning suit, which
consists of short skirt, shirt waist, heavy shoes and
sunbonnet. Having started a fire in the kitchen range,

1 put the potatoes, which were cleaned the night be¬
fore, on to boil, take the milk pail and wade through
the dew across a 10-acre field to milk my cow, a
process which takes about half an hour. Hastening
home as fast as a large pail of milk and heavy, wet shoes
will allow, I soon have the milk strained and skimmed.

I then fly to the house to find the potatoes cooked and
the table set by my little daughter, 10 years old. At
six A. M. we sit down to breakfast, which consists of
boiled potatoes, soft boiled eggs, bread, butter, fresh
tomatoes, new milk, sliced cucumbers, oatmeal and
cream, after which the real work of the day begins.

First, 1 feed four broods and flocks of chickens, feed
a pig, go to the barn and water the horse. I forgot
to mention the good man of this house
is a tradesman, and works in the city.

After the farm chores are done I do the
churning, and as I have customers who
want fresh butter. 1 must work the butter
into rolls at once. After the churning is
done and things washed baking must be
done. After five loaves of bread, four
pies, a panful of fruit cake and one of
beans are finished I find I have one hour
of time for the garden. I hasten with
baskets to the garden, where I fill orders
for a half bushel of tomatoes, half bushel
of cucumbers, a bushel of sweet corn, one
bushel of potatoes. I then rush to the
milk house and count and wash the
week's gathering of eggs. By this time
my little daughter announces dinner is
ready.

In the meantime she has cleaned and
filled the lamps, washed dishes, tidied the
kitchen, dusted the sitting room and par¬
lor and made the beds. After the dinner
of raised biscuit, butter, baked beans,
fresh apple pie and blackberries and
cream, T retire to the chamber and
change my short suit, take a bath and
comb my hair, after which I go to the
barn, feed and water the horse, feed the
chickens and pig, curry the horse, run
out a buggy, harness the horse, and retire
to the house, where I sleep the sleep of
the just for one hour. On waking I feel
much refreshed. 1 then change my dress
for my driving suit, which consists of a
denim skirt, linen waist and sailor hat,
hitch Billy to the buggy, load in the pro¬
duce which I prepared in the forenoon,
and with my little daughter start for town,
two miles away. The day being fine, we
enjoy the ride immensely. Having cus¬
tomers for my produce, I have no diffi¬
culty in disposing of my load, and at the
same time take orders for next Saturday.

Farm truck being scarce to-day, I re¬
ceived the following for my load in this
little town : One bushel potatoes. 70
cents; eight dozen sweet corn, 80 cents;
eight dozen cucumbers, 80 cents : one-half
bushel tomatoes, -10 cents; eight dozen
eggs at 22 cents, $1.76; five pounds but¬
ter at 22 cents. $1.10; total, $5.56. As I NORMAL SCHOOL STUDENTS PLANTING TREE SEEDS. Fig. 333. Page 777.
lived in town for 15 years and am ac¬
quainted with almost everybody, I visited longer than
1 ought to have done, but the roads being good and
Billy a flyer I arrived home in good time for supper.

I he good man has come from his week’s work, and we
do the evening chores together, after which we count
our week’s earnings and plan how soon the mortgage
will be paid, after which we sit on the doorstep and
visit until bed time. There might be worse things than
living on a farm. Anyway, I enjoy my busy life; be¬
tween my hours of work I enjoy myself with my flowers
and in many ways which are denied to the city woman.

ELIZABETH HERKERLY.

NORMAL SCHOOL STUDENTS IN A GREENHOUSE. Fig. 332. Page 777.

BIG STORIES BOILED DOWN.

Buffer Without Any Cow.

A reader sends us a copy of the Oswego Times con¬
taining one of the most remarkable “big stories” we
have ever seen in print. Some correspondent of the
Times claims to have found at New Braintree. Mass., a
factory where butter is made direct from hay.

This plant covers about five acres of ground : the building
alone covers about two acres and is two stories high. It is
constructed on the latest improved plans, being built of
concrete and then smoothed up with cement. This plant is
for the making of butter from hay without the use of

cows. This plant uses some 10,000 tons of hay per year
now, and arrangements are now being made to more than
double the capacity within the next year or so. These
people buy the hay as soon as it is thoroughly cured, paying
as high as $15 per ton for good clover and from that down
to $8 for the poorer grades. The hay is then cut up fine,
about one-half inch in length, and put in very large,
strong vats or tanks, they being so made that they are
capable of standing great pressure. About five tons of
hay is put in each vat and certain chemicals are sprayed
on the hay. Then steam is forced into the vats until all
the hay is thoroughly softened, then the vat is hermetically
sealed and left for 27 hours, after which time immense
pressure is put on and every particle of juice pressed from
the hay. This juice is run through a separator and the
butter fat comes out just the same as the cream from
milk. This is kept at a temperature of 60 degrees for 20
hours and then churned. The butter produced in this
manner is now selling in New York and Boston markets for
40 cents to 50 cents per pound, and the average amount
of butte'r taken from a ton of hay is 100 pounds, good
clover making as high as 150 pounds per ton, while hay of
a poorer quality will seldom run below 75 pounds per ton.
The juice, after the butter fat is extracted, is mixed with
buckwheat middling and baked into cakes, and is being
used by dealers in fancy poultry for feeding young chick¬
ens. it having been demonstrated that 20 per cent more
chickens can be raised from this food than any other food
known. Then again the hay, after having l»een pressed, is

put into a dry kiln and thoroughly dried, and then ground
as line as cornmeal and sold for horse feed, it being
claimed that this mixed with oats half and half gives better
results than clear oats, and as oats are worth about 1 %
to 1 Ms cents per pound, this feed is sold for about $20
per ton. so that altogether it is a very profitable business.
Experiments are now going on by which the manufacturers
are expecting to bring out new products making it still
better.

The trouble is that some people will actually believe
such yarns, and think the old cow is to be put out of
business. Having stood tile shock from the “oleo” men
the cow is quite prepared to survive even this famous
factory. We have readers at this place. This is what
one of them says :

"Wo do not know of the slightest foundation for this- yarn.
\Ve believe it to be a canard pure and simple. We do not
have a daily paper regularly, but we have one occasionally
and lately I have been almost shocked to see the way the
reporter lies to make a sensation. For instance, a neigh¬
bor got his hand caught in a corn harvester, and his
thumb was hurt a little. The reporter had his hand a
mass of pulp, his thumb cut off. and perhaps his hand would
have to be. Everything considered I would just as soon
my children would not have the daily paper to feed on.

The folly of telling such a story is evident when we
consider what butter fat is. Tt is really a part of the
cow ! The fat in the food is made over in the cow’s

body, and as the milk is secreted the fat is mixed with
it, being little cells or scales formed in the cow's udder.
A fat or oil is made direct from cornmeal, but it is not
at all like butter fat made from feeding cornmeal to a
cow. In the cow’s body the fat of the food is made
over and organized, and then put into the milk. It is
strange that a reputable paper should print such awful
nonsense without labeling it ‘“A Joke.”

WHITE GRUBS AND POTATOES

We need help here in this section. If you can aid us we
shall be thankful, it is the white grub; fields of potatoes
are about eaten up. and all potatoes about spoiled. The
roads were a sight to behold on account of the yellow
butterfly this Fall. Every third year the grubs seem to
be worse; corn roots eaten off and corn spoiled. What
system of fertilizing wilt kill grubs? How can we raise
potatoes and get rid of these grubs? I want to take a
three-year rotation. Potatoes, oats or Spring wheat hay :
when to plow? What should 1 fertilize with in potatoes
planted after clover hay for potatoes and the grubs?
What fertilizer in drill for Spring wheat or oats? When
plow clover and potato ground where potatoes were this
year to subdue grubs and get crop? What to fertilize with
for best results and how much per acre for potatoes?
Alpine. X. Y. e. a. it.

Prof. M. V. Slingerland sends this dis¬
couraging report about methods for de¬
stroying white grubs. It will be seen that
there is no connection between the butter¬
flies and the grubs, since the egg-laying
form of life in this insect is a beetle.
Farmers have reported to us that buck¬
wheat is offensive to these grubs, but we
have not found it so. They will not be
so likely to trouble you next year :

“The ‘yellow butterfly’ mentioned by the
correspondent has no connection with
white grubs. The adult form of the white
grub is a large brown beetle, known as
June-bug or May-beetle. As these insects
have a three-year life-cycle, it often hap¬
pens that every third year they are more
destructive. There is no system of fer¬
tilizing or applying anything to the soil in
practicable quantities that will destroy
these grubs. Over small areas, hand-dig¬
ging is the only effective method, and this
is practicable in strawberry beds. Thor¬
ough cultivation is the greatest discour¬
ager of underground-living insects. There¬
fore, a short system of crop rotation will
help very materially in controlling this
pest, especially if the rotation consists •
largely of crops that need thorough and
frequent cultivation. Very thorough stir¬
ring of the soil in early Fall will kill
many of them which are transforming
into beetles.”

Thus thorough cultivation for a few
years, especially in late Summer and early
Fall, will be best to kill off the grubs.
No practical system of fertilizing will de¬
stroy them, so you should consider the
needs of the potato crop in using chem¬
icals. Unless you are familiar with the
use of chemicals we would begin by using-
some well-known brand of potato fer¬
tilizer. Leave strips through the field on
which you can use potash alone, acid
phosphate alone, and on another the two
together. This will show you if the soil
needs one of these elements in particular.
Then you can get a better idea about
using the chemicals. We would use 600
pounds of potato fertilizer per acre, and
400 pounds for grain. We would plow
the clover sod in Spring unless you can
save time by plowing part of it in the Fall.
In Fall plowing leave the furrows standing up, and in
Spring work them down with a spring-tooth.

SHORT HINTS ABOUT DRAINAGE.

There are as many differing views on the subject of
drainage as there are fields to drain. Nor is this
strange, for there are so many varying conditions that
must be considered ; kind of soil, amount of water,
length of ditch, fall to be secured, etc., that a rule for
one case would not serve for another. But there arc
some points in common which are not disputed. Level¬
ing can be guessed at only when the fall is plenty and
the spirit level is satisfactory in cases where there is no
deep cutting. In that case an engineer is indispensable.
The proximity of the drains must be graded by the
amount of water held in the soil. The depth should be
sufficient to protect the tile (for tint is the best) from
injury in plowing; about three feet if the fall permits
and one foot wide, which will be sufficient for three or
five-inch tile. The former are most common, but where
there is very wet springy ground five inches is better.
A fall of three inches to the rod is excessive and 1 </.
inch about the usual. Tf Vou build a stone drain an
open throat is indispensable to prevent filling up, as
also to be useful in cleaning out. j. \v. *«j>,

Pontiac, Mich.

776

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 28,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Tut questions on a
separate piece of paper. 1

Scraper for Apple Trees.

A. II. P., Hulberton, N. Y. — What kind
of tool do 1 need to scrape shell bark off
apple trees?

Ans. — We have used a hoe with half
the handle cut off, and the edge ground
sharp.

Whitewash for Trees.

A. P., Hew York. — I have left over about
500 pounds of water-slaked strained lime in
barrels, with which I wish to whitewash the
trunks and limbs this Fall after apple har¬
vest, with a power sprayer. What can I put
with the lime to make it stick to the trees?
Could 1 prepare it as it is used for white¬
washing buildings?

Ans. — With a strong pump you can ap¬
ply the whitewash as used for buildings.
Salt added to the whitewash will make t
stick better — so will skim-milk used in
place of water. Resin soap dissolved and
mixed with the whitewash will add to
the sticky quality.

Silk Culture in the South.

N. B., SMppensburg, Pa. — I am desirous
of securing information concerning a silk
worm industry in (he South. Last Summer
I read an article in regard to the employ¬
ment of Italian labor in the South in the
raising of mulberry trees, silk and in the
manufacturing of silk. If I remember right¬
ly, one party, or a company, had bought a
large tract of land and proposed to divide
it into small farms to raise trees and silk. I
should like to know what success the experi¬
ment has met with.

Ans. — We have little faith in the fu¬
ture of silk culture on a large scale in this
country. In North Carolina considerable
silk is produced by farmers’ wives and
daughters, but only in small quantities,
and as a side issue. As for producing
silk as is done in Japan or southern Eu¬
rope, we do not believe the business is
fitted to the labor of Americans. Such
newspaper items are often printed, but
rarely have much basis in fact. Prof.
Gerald McCarthy, of Raleigh, N. C., has
charge of the silk experiments in that
State, and has issued some bulletins.

Sweet Potatoes “Go To Strings.’’

Reader (No Address). — Why did my sweet
potatoes planted on good soil make long
strings instead of good potatoes?

At this long range, with but little infor¬
mation, it is impossible to give a reason
for the slender sweet potatoes. It is sug¬
gested that the soil is already too rich,
and the plants “run” to vines and long
roots. The same occurs in New Jersey
when the soil is bottom land and unfit
for the crop. byron d. halsted.

New Jersey.

I am unable to say just what the rea¬
son for this condition is, but presume it is
due to the soil or some other local condi¬
tion. I have noticed frequently where
sweet potatoes are grown by level culture
that the tubers were inclined to be too
long and slender. This has also been
true in my experience where sweet pota¬
toes were grown by use of straw mulch
instead of by cultivation, especially in a
wet year. Since sweet potatoes thrive
best in rather light soils, it may be that
the soil in which your correspondent has
grown sweet potatoes is too heavy or too
moist at certain times of the year.

Nebraska. R. a. Emerson.

The Culture of Beans.

J. J. O., Hartford, Mich. — Tell us about
White Kidney beans; the soil required, the
culture, where seed can be obtained, etc.

Ans. — Most of the bean growers in this
vicinity grow the Red Kidney, but the re¬
quirements of the White Kidney, in which
J. J. G. seems to be interested, would
not differ materially from the red variety.
Our most successful growers grow them
in a rotation following corn and follow
the beans with wheat, and 1 will venture
to say that any soil that will produce a
good crop of corn without an overgrowth
of stalks will give a good crop of beans.
From my boyhood I have heard it said

that certain soils were “so poor that they
would not grow white beans,’ but while
a poor soil might produce some beans, fer¬
tility is essential to success. The beans
are planted in drills about 30 inches apart,
with a one-horse planter set to drop the
beans about four inches apart, which will
require about one bushel of seed per acre.
In this latitude the planting is done about
June 1. The crop should be given clean
culture, similar to that given corn, except
that the cultivation and hoeing should be
done when the vines are dry, as handling
them when wet from rain or dew seems to
be injurious. Where the beans are grown
in large areas they are harvested with
bean harvesters, which operate with
knives that run under the row and cut off
the vines at the roots ; but small areas are
pulled by hand, each man pulling two rows
at a time, and when he has pulled as many
as he can conveniently carry they are
placed tops down so that in returning the
beans from two more rows can be placed
in the row with them, thus putting four
rows into one, which makes the windrows
far enough apart for the passage of a
team and wagon to haul in the beans.
After they have remained on the ground
long enough to become perfectly cured
they may be hauled to the barn and stored
till convenient to thrash. 1 he thrashing
is done with a power thrasher, and the
beans are hauled to the warehouse and
sold without hand picking, this work be¬
ing done bv the dealer. 1 he seed can
usually be obtained from any of the large
seed dealers. J. o. w.

Wolcott, N. Y. _

Keeping Tomatoes. — As to pulling up
tomato vines with green fruit to ripen
under shelter, I have had no experience
with the method. My observation leads
me to believe that evaporation from the
fruit and plants would result in shriveled
fruit of poor quality, though there is no
doubt but that the fruit would color up.
My method is quite different, and entirely
successful. When frost threatens all the
fruit of fair size is picked. A floor of
boards is placed in the hotbed frame, and
on this the tomatoes are placed three or
four layers deep, the glass is put on, and
the fruit is left to ripen. The moisture
is confined, and the fruit ripens plump and
firm. I have never had occasion, but it
is possible that unseasonably hot sunshine
might require shading the bed. Twice
a week the tomatoes are gone over, the
ripe fruit removed for market and all un¬
sound specimens thrown out. By this
method last year I sold my last tomatoes
the day before Thanksgiving and received
the same fancy price I usually get for my
first earlies, that is $2 per bushel crate. I
sold about $30 worth of tomatoes from the
frame last Fall. d. l. hartman.

Pennsylvania _

FRUIT NOTES.

Is This the Record? — How large do pears
grow? I have one pear. Duchess dwarf,
which measures 11% inches around circum¬
ference, and 12 Inches around the top and
stem ; it weighs 15 ounces. c. m. d.

Boonton, N. J.

Planting Blackcaps. — On page G96 you
advise R. A., Ontario, to plant blackcaps
early in Spring. After a long experience in
Michigan let me say that the most satis¬
factory way is to plant after the new growth
attains a height of six inches or so. Prepare
ground early and keep in good order till
planting time. Dig a few hundred at a
time, and plant at once. If the soil is dry
dip each plant in water just before setting
and all will grow. Discard any plant with
top broken if plants are plentiful. This way
means that you grow your own plants.

California. J. h. v.

Hudson Valley Fruit.— This was peach
year here ; everything in the shape of a
peach tree is loaded, limbs propped up and
others broken down — peaches galore ! It re¬
quires rather more than the average amount
of good sense and resolution to do the thin¬
ning necessary to obtain the best fruit. The
neglect to do this is seen in the poor stuff
that gluts the local market in the shape of
poorly- colored undersized peaches of very in¬
ferior flavor that are difficult to sell at any
price. The wet August is partly responsible
for the inferior quality of the fruit. With
the overcrop, the clings and semi-clings took
an extra grip on the pitg, and the rains
helped along the rot." J. V, p.

Hudson, N. Y.

Doctors Say

it is better to shave, but
don’t attempt it without
the rich, healing lather of

WILLIAMS’ 1HSTR

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

O A I ■?— Crimson Clover Seed,
f VJ rx U A Lb U $5,50 per bushel: Cow
Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let ns price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

DULL TIMES

DULL KNIVES

DULL TOOLS

do not exist where our Practical Hand Power
Grinder with Carborundum grinding wheel is
used. Designed to sharpen nnything from a needle to
an ax in one tenth the time and much better than a
grindstone. Grinding wheel four inches in diameter,
one inch face, made of carborundum, the fastest
cutting abrasive known. Will not draw temper.
Clamped to a table, turns easily, light pressure need¬
ed: always ready, and saves its cost many times
yearly. Write to-day for particulars. A few good
agents wanted.

ROVAI. MANUFACTURING CO.,

220 E. Walnut Street. Lancaster. Pa.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. Ao
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MOKLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

TREES

ROSES

HARDY

PLANTS

All the Best and Hardiest
varieties. Largest Collec-
tionsinAme ica. 144 page
illustrated catalog FREE.

ELLW ANGER £i 1IARRY,
Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer F, Rochc-ter, N. Y,

Special Sale of Fruit Trees.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra fine Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurseries,
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fruit, Shade and ornamental
trees. This is a rare chance to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices.
Write them for prices, stating the amount
wanted.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry ) -s again proven itself to be the
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list r.nd circular upon application.

C. G. VEL1E & SON,

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, Y.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A PPT TTQ
have paid well this season. We TV I I
have a fine stock of botli : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

It Is Worth While

Bay a machine that dues the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush ,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oliage is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They ihrow finest
■pray, are easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form¬
ulas, etc. Mailed free. '

FIELD FORCE PI MP CO.,

No. ‘2 11th St. , Elmira, N . Y.

Have your trees

SAN JOSE SCALE ?

PRATT’S ‘ ‘ SCALECIDE ” REIT {OLEUM

can save them.

Results the best. Price the least.

We guarantee it.

Write us for endorsements by experiment stations.

B. G. PRATT COMPANY,

11 Broadway, New York.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO— $5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kiwis. Box 73.

?ohreth»c« CELERY and STRAWBERRIES

in Rukal Nkw-YORKEU was taken August 28. Straw¬
berry Plants set June 4, 1905. Plants for sale by

SAMUEL COOPER, Delevan, N. Y.

D A MOV Mine. Perret, Genuine: gold medal. Hardy
I HIlO I White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for
florists and market gardeners. Silver Modal at the
St. Louis Exposition. BEAULIEU, Woodhaven, N.Y.

Potatoes. — Carman, Cobbler, Noroton Beauty, Gold
Coin, Hustler, Longfellow. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build All Sizes and Kinds

CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak.

CALDWELL TOWK US don’t fall
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

PEACH

and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley. Del.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St. .Syracuse, N.Y.

D;

if

ERCKm/S TREES

Are as good as the best. 60 yearsjn
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMJtMS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

FRUIT TREES

at $5 to $iO per IOO

FREIGHTPAID.

We have a fine lot of JUNE BUD
and one year old Peach Trees;
one and two year Apple. Pear,
Cherry and Plum; Shade Trees,
Shrubbery, Roses, Grapes, etc.
Strawberry Plants by the million.
Write for Catalogue and Prices,
Mention this paper.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,

Chattanooga, Teuu.

K FRUIT BOOK

'shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and hear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to JO
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental ana general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hlghtstowu.|N, J.

NOW IS THE TIME TO TRANSPLANT.

Bear in mind that Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants succeed best if planted in the autumn.

Send for the Illustrated Catalogue of the famous DWYER FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL SHADE
TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, CREEPING VINES AND SMALL FRUITS, We have on hand a full
line of hardy, vigorous, acclimated stock grown in our own nurseries, guaranteed true to name, free from
disease,— sure to grow and give satisfaction. We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches.

Our Catalogue mailed FREE Write to-day. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y.

TREES

fiC PCD IOO CRCIfillT DAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
run Ivwi rnciun I rAIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUGTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil.® In¬
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Jackson's Hound Oruln Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for What you want and prices. JOil.1 U. JAtKSOH, 76 Third Are., Albany, 24. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

777

GARDENING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The pictures shown at Figs. 332 and
333, page 775, are taken from a recent
bulletin on School Gardens issued by the
Department of Agriculture. The De¬
partment made an arrangement with a
Washington normal school by which
teachers were able to utilize some of the
greenhouses and grounds at the Depart¬
ment. The pictures show how these
young women became somewhat familiar
with the operations of potting and plant¬
ing seeds. It is safe to say that these
teachers, if they see their seeds and
plants grow and mature, will receive sug¬
gestions which they could not possibly
obtain from a text-book or lecture. This
seems to us like very practical'work, and
we would like to see it extended. Many
new fads are now being crowded into our
public school work — some of them use¬
less for any practical purposes. Garden¬
ing has the advantage that while children
who study it may not work the soil for a
livelihood they will gain love for nature
and a kindly feeling for country life.
We cannot think of anything much more
ridiculous than teachers undertaking to
talk about gardening who never handled
a hoe or saw a seed grow through the
season. Of course teachers must be
trained in practical gardening, or at least
know which end of a plant to put in the
ground. The bulletin gives some inter¬
esting information about public school
gardens, and it is pleasant to know how
the idea is spreading.

PRODUCTS , PRICES, AND TRADE.

Fresii creamery butter and prime State
dairy have gone up one cent, as demand is
a little inproved and receipts have slackened.

Apple receipts at this city have been
rather heavy, but trade is good enough to
keep the market firm and prices at their
previous high level. A little later, when the
many small crops that are now being shipped
in by those who do not wish to store are
disposed of, a better idea of Winter prices
may be had, but there is nothing in sight or
hearing to indicate any drop in good fruit.

Grape trade has been good enough to put
prices up a little, two cents per basket on
Delawares. This business is handled to
much better advantage than a few years
ago when at times the markets would be
so crowded that a clearance of the stock
would have to be made at almost any price.
At such limes I have bought 10-pound baskets
of good Concords at retail for 10 cents.
Better systems of storing and marketing have
tended to keep prices at a more favorable
range for the grower, yet within reasonable
reach of consumers.

The egg situation is becoming very firm.
Many hens are moulting or otherwise loaf¬
ing. and fresh gathered, both from nearby
and the. West, are scarce. This gives an op¬
portunity to work out high-grade cold stor¬
age eggs, which are moving along quite well.
On the other hand there is a surplus of medi¬
um and low grade eggs. There is no doubt
that city buyers are becoming more discrim¬
inating, and fewer of those in even very
moderate circumstances are satisfied with
eggs past their prime.

Pears of the better grades are high, prime
Sec-kel having sold at $5 to $G per barrel and
Bartlett nearly as much. Bose, Clairgeau
and Anjou run considerably under these fig¬
ures, though some of the best growers of
these latter varieties do not use barrels but
put the pears, carefully sorted, in kegs or
boxes, realizing considerably more for them
in this form. Bose makes an especially good
appearance neatly boxed. When the cover is
removed and the pears unwrapped they look
so inviting that you feel as though you
wanted one of them. To succeed with Bose,
however, in a commercial sense, requires a
high grade of skill that can probably come
only from years of experience in caring for
the trees and properly ripening and handling
the fruit. This is equally true of some other
varieties. Kieffers are very low, most of
those seen being of an inferior type that
have had no care in ripening. Those most
experienced in handling this pear find that
to put it on the market in the best condition
requires more care and skill than with per¬
haps any other pear. One fruit man says
that the basket is the worst possible package
for the Kieffer, as the fruit invariably de¬
teriorates in it. In a barrel, carefully
headed, Kieffer ripens acceptably to just
the right texture, and preserves the full
flavor. In a basket, the skin has a tendency
to become leathery, and the fruit softens at
tlie exterior while hard at the core.

“Go on with that brute, you barbarian,”
shouted an indignant Chinese merchant to
the owner of a dog which he had just hustled

out of his store, filled with expensive im¬
ported goods. The dog was following about
two rods behind his master, getting under
foot and darting into stores. That China¬
man had hit on just the right word. “Bar¬
barian" is certainly appropriate for a man
who lets his dog run at large. According to
this standard some sections of the country
seem to have an extensive population of these
barbarians, whose dogs chase sheep, chickens,
teams and people, and make night horrible
with howls and barks. H.

A FARMER'S NOTES .

In Ruralisms, page 730, in lawsuits about
tomatoes it read : “This is a perfectly justi¬
fiable course, as the growers expect," etc. I
do not uphold crookedness in anyone, but if
you have ever raised tomatoes for a canning
company, and they got all they wanted to
can, they usually stop sending crates, and
you have your crop rot on the vines ; there
does not seem to be any redress. One time
at Holley, N. Y„ the farmers loaded cars with
any kind of a box that would hold tomatoes,
and in the collection of boxes was an old
coffin. I raised tomatoes two years in a
young pear orchard, and they did not hurt
the orchard, but they hurt me; too much
work for the money.

On page 727 “Concrete in a Dam” would
say we have a dam here at Medina GG feet
high and over 200 feet long, that lias just
a narrow concrete core in center, straight up
on both sides, except the top is about half
as thick as the bottom, but It narrows up in
steps and has a wide dirt backing both sides.
The waste water does not run over the dam
at all but goes around through a spill-way.

In Washington, near Tacoma, we saw what
they call Evergreen blackberries; they run
on trellis like grapes and one vine has
berries by the bushel ; vine will run 30 to 40
feet and will bear as high as 10 bushels .n
one season and the berries are as good as
Kittatinny blackberries. Do you know any¬
thing of this berry? I want some.

Orleans Co., N. Y. clabk ai.lis.

E. N.-Y. Nearly 20 years ago this Ever¬
green berry was planted at the Rural
Grounds in Bergen Co., N. .T. It was true
to name and remained green through the
Winter. The fruit in tlmt locality was of
little value. On the Pacific coast it is said
to be a very valuable variety.

Dietz Lanterns

Why are they everywhere the favor¬
ites? It takes a little book to give all
the reasons. We’ll send you a copy,
if you ask for it. It tells of their great
convenience for handling and all at¬
tentions; their safety, their broad,
steady flames; their easy filling and
long burning. It shows how the oil
pot is made without solder, how every¬
one is tested by air pressure, how it
can never leak. It tells of the high

grade glass, tin and wire used in the
letz, things which distinguish them
from ordinary lanterns. It gives
reasons you can understand for the

"‘Clear, White Light of the

DIETZ.”

If you really knew all about the Dietz,
you would not allow a dealer to sell
you any other. The free book will
help you. Shall we mail you a copy?

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St., NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

HARVEY XXX BOLSTER SPRINGS

will carry ANY load safely over any road. They aro
Inexpensive and save their cost on wagon and liar
ness in a short time. Call on your dealer or send to
us for catalog, with free offer.

HARVEY SPRING CO.

103 E Murray Ave. ltaclne Junction, Wis.

T x/Tv

Don’t Get Wet!

TOWER’S SLICKERS
will keep you dry as
nothing else will, because
they are the product of
the best materials and
seventy years’ experi¬
ence in manufacturing.

A. J. TOWER CO.
Boslon, U.S.A.

TOWER CANADIAN CO., Ltd.
Toronto, Can.

381

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES 1 PRICES

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

Power For Fall
Work.

Are you going to do the fall work this
year in the old, slow, tiresome way. or
are you going to have on your farm a
power that is safe, sure and efficient,
that will save you money, and that can
be applied to any machine you own?
The papers are full of advertisements
of farm powers. It’s easy to buy an en¬
gine. But the great point is that you
want to know things; what siz^.
power to buy for your work; how to
use that power ; how to avoid waste.
That’s the reason why we don t
want to tell you here in this adver¬
tisement what to buy. We
want to talk it over first. We
want one of our experienced
men to analyze your proposi¬
tion. Don't you think it will
pay you to sit down right now
and write a letter to Fairbanks |j||||||||| j
Power men? It won’t cost you
anything to find out what they’ve
got to say. It’s a chance to get
a lot of useful, instructive infor¬
mation. Write for free book on
Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE

FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales , trucks, valves and Sittings,
gas and gasoline engines, farm ma¬
chines , machine tools , factory
power transmission, factory
supplies.

Albany, New Orleans,

Boston, Philadelphia,

Buffalo, Baltimore,

Syracuse, Pittsburg,

Hartford, Bangor, Me.,

London, England,

Glasgow, Scotland.

Farmers are like fishes, for both have scales. Nor
does the similarity end here, for they are thus pro¬
vided for tlie same purpose, viz.: self protection, de¬
fense in each instance against a greedy enemy.

Now, as to tlie part that scales play in the defense
of fishes, we will leave to tlie ichthyologist. That is
too scientific for us to handle.

That which pertains to tlie defense of farmers by
scales is so apparent that it needs no consideration.
It is, however, important that you buy a good scale at
a fair price. These merits wo claim for tlie Jones
scale over all others. It is the best. Everyone knows
that it is sold at the lowest price. Wo do not expect
that you will allow our claim without some proof
which we will lie glad to furnish. Tlie Jones scale is
constructed on tlie most scientific plans, in fact it was
designed by one of the most skilled engineers in tlie
world, it combines symmetry and strength. The
most important element entering into the construct¬
ion of a scale is its wearing and bearing parts. For
this purpose we use nothing but tlie best English tool
steel. Yon may take a pivot from a Jones scale,
shape, sharpen and temper it. and you will have a
keen cutting razor blade. The levers aro made of
rolled stool. The beam, which is the only part of a
wagon scalo that shows, is of refined brass, triple
nickie plated. These aro only a few points. Send
us your name and it will afford us great pleasure to
quickly respond with our printed matter.

Wo can sell a better scale at a less price, as we live
where coal and iron grow.

Address JONES OF BINGHAMTON,

Box 331 E BINGHAMTON, N. Y.

Write

to-day.

Catalog

free

TTT

lull
ill for¬
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starts and runs
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THE

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Gas anti Gasoline
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Semi for Catalogue
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WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES

Most efficient and reliable
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444 S. Safina Street.

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Book “How to Obtain a Patent’’ and
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Chandlee 4 Chandlee, Patent Attorneys,
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Name

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GET MONEY- 1 DIO-GOT S30I

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Gas. Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes
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Cut out complete advertisement and send to

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Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. W 598
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778

Till- RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 28,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Le Conte Pear. — The last edition
of Thomas’ American Fruit Culturist, is-
1908, thus describes the
“Large, yellow, moder-
exceedingly productive,

sued as late as
Le Conte pear :
ate in quality;

vigorous and profitable at the South ; of
no value North.” Exceptii\g the last
phrase we must consider this a very fair
characterization of the variety. Far from
being valueless in New Jersey, it is re¬
garded in the vicinity of the Rural
Grounds, where trainloads of Kieffers are
grown, as a very desirable pear for home
use and nearby markets, if intelligently
handled. As a variety it seems to have
improved of late; the troublesome core¬
rot or ripe decay of the centers of the
fruits, so prevalent when first planted in
this locality as to prejudice growers, has
so diminished that it has ceased to be a
defect, especially on established trees. It
is common opinion that not only is the
variety, as a whole, improving, but that
well established trees gain with age. both
in producing capacity .and in quality of
fruits, quite contrary to Kieffer, which
often seems to do best in its early years.

Not a New Variety. — Le Conte is one
of the earliest of several hybrid or mon¬
grel pears, originating as chance seed¬
lings where the Oriental or Chinese Sand
pear, Pyrus Sinensis, and varieties of the
ordinary or European pear. P. com¬
munis. were grown together, Kieffer.
Garber and Smith being later examples
of the race. Le Conte was widely plant¬
ed throughout the South previous to 1870,
and marked the beginning of commercial
pear culture in vast regions where few
ordinary varieties have ever succeeded.
It is so vigorous and healthy that for a
long time it was assumed to be blight-
proof. About 25 years ago, however,
blight became epidemic in many Le Conte
orchards, and wrought so much injury
that disappointed growers turned their at¬
tention to the new and more showy Kief¬
fer, whose star has remained so long in
the ascendant. Kieffer, is without doubt,
owing to its fine appearance and good
shipping qualities, a most useful market
pear, but the older orchards now rarely
bear the large, handsome fruit that
made the early reputation of the variety,
but annually glut the markets with un¬
told tons of cloudy and undersized pears,
never ripening into normal quality; that
are slow of disposal, even to canners, ex¬
cept in years of apple scarcity. Even
young trees under good treatment have
not of late borne the well-colored fruits
expected from them. This latter may be
only a passing feature due to adverse cli¬
matic conditions, but the fact remains
that Le Conte has never been so well ap¬
preciated as during the past two seasons.

As a Market Pear.— Southern Lc
Contes first appear in the New York
markets in early July, many weeks before
the advent of California Bartletts, which
latter may he regarded as the choicest
fruit of the Pacific coast, from the east¬
ern consumer’s standpoint. While not of
high quality these early Le Contes arc
pleasant and refreshing. They are appre¬
ciated as the only available pears of the
season, and are freely used, especially
for stewing. They disappear from the
fruit stands as soon as Bartlett. Clapp
and other Summer pears come in. The
first nearby Le Contes are marketed in
late August, and a choicer grade again
about the middle of September. When
properly ripened these latter are very
good indeed. I he prices realized do not
often exceed $8 the barrel, but in rela¬
tion to the cost of production Le Conte
and Kieffer prices are likely to afford
more margin of profit than most standard
varieties of pears.

As a Home Fruit.— There is little use
in comparing the quality of the Sand pear
hybrids with such marvels of excellence
as Anjou, Bose. Seckel, and a host of
lesser known, but highly appreciated Eu¬
ropean kinds. The Oriental pears are
not m the same class, being essentially
cooking fruits. Lnless the flavors are
brought out by careful ripening, after be¬
ing developed by good culture and pre¬

served by picking at just the needed stage
of maturity, they range from ordinary to
unpalatable. Properly managed, how¬
ever, these pears are often exceedingly
good in the raw stage and when stewed,
preserved or canned many rank with the
very best. When cooked, ripe Le Contes
develop to a surprising degree the true
Bartlett flavor. The flesh is firm, yet ten¬
der and usually free from hard or woody
grains. The core is small and practi¬
cally seedless, as usually grown. If pol-
lenized by Kieffer larger fruits contain¬
ing more seeds seem to be the rule. A
fair-sized Le Conte, full view and section,
is shown in Figs. 380 and 881. page 774.
This fruit was seedless, as were nearly
all from the same tree. The variety is
productive to a fault, and is more in¬
clined to over-bear year after year than
Kieffer. Advice as to thinning, when
small, such a low-priced fruit is not likely
to be regarded, but the trees may be kept
from breaking and most excellent early
fruits secured by picking the largest pears
about August 20. i hey are green, hard
and undersized at this time, appearing
worthless to the inexperienced, but if
carefully handled and placed in covered
barrels or boxes in a sheltered place
quickly mellow, developing unlooked-for
color, aroma and flavor. They may be
readily marketed or used in many satis¬
factory ways. Great relief is given to
the burdened trees by this early picking.

I he hulk of the fruits removed will
probably be fully made up by mid-Sep¬
tember, which is usually a good time for
the final picking. 'Fhe later pears should
be ripened in bulk similar to the early
ones and at once disposed of when in
good condition. Ripe Le Contes are per¬
ishable property. This variety cannot be
handled in as leisurely manner nor be as
successfully stored as Kieffer. Lack of
appreciation of the best methods of car¬
ing for the crop has hindered the north¬
ern progress of this distinct pear.

Planting Le Contes. — Lc Conte is
now offered by comparatively few nur¬
serymen. When listed it can be had for
35 cents, the usual price for good pear
trees. It makes a more spreading tree
with larger, lighter green foliage than
Kieffer but with the exception of requir¬
ing more space, needs about the same
treatment. It appears better adapted to
loamy soils and should be given a good
rich place. Start the head low. prune
sharply until the framework of the fu¬
ture tree is formed, and then more spar¬
ingly — the crop will check tendency to
undue growth. Do not be afraid to till
and fertilize freely. Le Conte is extra¬
ordinarily resistant to disease, and almost
immune to San Jose scale and other
pests. Plant other pears, especially Kief¬
fers. near — though fertile to its own
pollen, which is very effective on
Kieffer. it sets more freely if there is ac¬
cess to foreign pollen. Plant as many
bigh-quality standard varieties as you
like; while waiting for them to bear you
can count on several good crops of Le
Contes.

Breeding Sand Pear Hybrids. — There
have been few late additions to the short
list of Sand pear derivatives. Kieffer has
so filled the growers’ eye that new kinds
have little chance. Garber is much plant¬
ed throughout the South, and is freely
offered in the North. It is a month earlier
than Kieffer. roundish, bright yellow in
color, and said to be of better quality.
Smitu is too late for the North, and is
sparingly planted South. We have never
seen a ripe fruit of Smith, but under¬
stand that it is quite near Kieffer. The
Washington Department of Agriculture
is growing a great lot of hybrids be¬
tween Kieffer and the best commercial
pears. A\ e saw long rows of seedlings on
the Department grounds in 1901. and
trust the public will hear of them as they
come into bearing. We have made on
the Rural Grounds many well-considered
crosses between Le Conte, Kieffer and
Golden Russet, and our best late Euro¬
peans. such as Angouleme, Bose, Shel¬
don. Barry and others. Many seedlings
have been grown, some of much vigor and
promise, but none is yet old enough to
fruit.

Some Jersey Hybrids. — Judge Wood-
bridge Strong, New Brunswick, N. J„
has devoted many years to growing seed¬
lings of Le Conte and Kieffer, and has
fruited several most promising varieties.

A hybrid of Kieffer and Winter Nelis
bears good-sized russet pears of rich,
high quality, ripening in October. Le
Conte x Kieffer is a vigorous productive
tree of the Sand pear type, bearing large
yellow pears of excellent flavor, though
not as good as the Nelis cross. Others
are said to he equally promising, but we
have not tested the fruits. When we
consider the vigor, early bearing and re¬
sistance to disease and insect pest quali¬
ties of the Sand pear crosses it is fair to
expect that highly valuable varieties will
from time to time occur among their di¬
lute hybrids. w. v. F.

How Young People
Can Earn Money

-t

Great Suit Offer

Cut this notice out and mall to ui
and If we have no a*ent In your
town we will send you Free, by re¬
turn mall, postpaid, a big assort-
mant of cloth samples, fashion
figures, cloth tape measure, order
blanks, etc., and we will name you
'rices on men’s fine clothing that will
« so much lower than you ever heard
of that it will surprise you; terms, con¬
ditions and privileges that will astonish
you; a free trial offer on s salt or overcoat
for your own uas that will asks you wonder.

WE WANT A GOOD AGENT IN VOIR TOWN.
He can make *1,200.00 to *1,800.00 per
year. If you write us before we get an
agent there you will get a wonderful
offer. As soon as we get an agentln
your town he will get a profit on every
§f dollar we sell in his territory. We
then turn all our business over to him.
That’s why our agents make so much
money, if you want clothing for your-
. .. - self, answer quick before we get an
agent there, and you will then get all our great Induce-

alKM^t yourself.0" WA°ddressket° ^ 0ur ^ent ‘ell us all

FLETCHER SKINNER & CO., CHICAGO.

ISO to 136 Washington Boulevard.

Continuing, this Bright
Schoolgirl in Middletown,
Conn., writes :

‘‘I do not know of anv other
little girl who has earned
thirty-five dollars in so short
a time and in such a pleas¬
ant way as I have, and I
am cuite sure that none of
your older agents are more
pleased with their success.”

What this Schoolgirl
did others can do

THE LADIES’ HOME JOURNAL and
THE SATURDAY EVENING POST will
willingly co-operate with others who want
to accomplish the same result. A very
liberal commission will be paid upon each
subscription and renewal secured, besides
offering each an opportunity to share in

tennq to bo diviciecl each month

«pi>UUU from now until next June among
— those who do good work.

The Curtis Publishing; Company
E 86 Arch Street, Philadelphia

For the Protection and

Adornment of Lawns, Schools, Parks,
Cemeteries, Cemetery Lots and public and
private places generally, no fence can com¬
pare with the Hartman Steel Picket Fence

for beauty and durability. The first fence we
made was put up sixteen years ago and Is In as
good condition now as the day It was erected.
The Hartman Fence protects and adorns a lawn
without concealing it. It can be erected upon un¬
even as well as level surfaces— on stone walls or
wooden bases as well as in the ground. No me¬
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class dealers handle the Hartman Steel Picket
Fence. If yours doesn’t, write for illustrated
catalogue and prices to

GLEN MFG. CO., 110 Mill St., Ellwood City, Pa.

TWO KINDS!

Light weight and Heavy weight wire fences. We
manufacture and sell the Heavy Weight, that will
last three times as long as a light woven fabric. Buy
now. while prices are low.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cleveland, Ohio.

A Ladv can hold him.

*of the BEERY BIT „
FOUR BITS IN ONE

Care* Kicker., Runaway., Puller.,
shyer*, ele. Send for Bit on Ten
Day*’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasaat Hill, Ohio.

WINCHESTER

“NUBLACK”

BLACK POWDER SHELLS

The “Nublack” is a grand good shell;
good in construction, good because it is
primed with a quick and sure primer, and
good because carefully and accurately
loaded with the best brands of powder
and shot. It is a favorite among hunters
and other users of black powder shells on
account of its uniform shooting, evenness
of pattern and strength to withstand
reloading. A trial will prove its excellence.

ALL DEALERS SELL THEM

Farmers Say

Is the Best Remedy on Earth.
Kills a Spavin Curb or Splint.
Very Penetrating. Kills Pain.

DR. EARL S. SLOAN, 615 ALBANY STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

779

Hope Farm Notes

Intuition vs. Confidence Game ! — A
brignt farmer, iu writing of other matters,
gives the following opinion :

"The Hon. W. M. Ostrander got $20 from
me on the strength of his countenance. I was
not fooled, however by him, but my wife
argued me into making a fool of myself, an
illustration of Woman's intuition versus con¬
fidence game."

1 hardly think this a fair sample, for nine
times out of 10 a woman is a better judge
of honesty than man. I would hardly blame
a person for reading that well-known face
wrong. It might easily be selected as a
suitable title page for a Sunday school super¬
intendent ! Ever since the days of Adam
men have had a favorite excuse ! A wise
and reflective man will never say "I told you
so” to his wife ! lie ought to know that
his conduct is likely to give her 12 chances
to his one. and he should know that Nature
has doubly qualified her in the art of making
these four words expressive.

Profit In Hens. — A reader in St. Law¬
rence Co.. N. Y. sends the following question :

"Is there a profit in raising chickens where
all the food is bought? The breeds would be
Brahmas. Cochins, etc., and raised to sell.
If there is a profit how much?” u. m. c.

That is much like asking how long a piece
of string is. Men like Cosgrove and Mapes,
who write about hens, buy nearly all the
food and make a good profit. Others that I
could mention lose money on poultry even
when they raise a good share of the food.
So it is largely a matter of man rather than
hen. I think I may safely say that the men
who are doing best, with their poultry buy
most of the feed. My brief experience with
large breeds like Brahmas and Cochins would
make me hesitate to buy food for a
flock of them. They eat too much,
are like Holstein cattle — profitable
where you can raise a large
age, but not up to the
feed must all be bought.

on

amount of
smaller breeds

large

They

farms

rough-

wlien

Feeding Chickens. — Here is a question
from a man who evidently wants to make
his 12 hens beat a baker's dozen of ordinary
hi rds :

“Will you advise me as to the best daily
diet for ‘a flock of 12 hens (six Plymouth
Hocks and six Leghorns) kept iu a yard l->
feet square.” F- c- M-

If I had 12 hens and wanted to make
them do their best I would feed about as
follows: A good-sized laying ben should
have about five ounces of food each day.
Make the following mixture to be used as a
mash : Two pounds cornmeal. two pounds
wheat bran, two pounds wheat middlings,
and one pound animal meal. Mix them
thoroughly. Take 24 ounces of this mixture
and mix with water (or skint-milk if you
have it) and make a crumbly — not sloppy —
mash for breakfast. Feed it in a clean dish
or trough, and see that nothing is lett
after the hens are satisfied. Make a mix¬
ture of equal parts by bulk of corn, oats
and wheat, and feed one pound of the mix¬
ture at noon— the grain scattered in the
litter— not on filthy ground. At night feed
a pound of whole or cracked corn just before
the hens go to roost. In addition give cut
grass, cabbage or other green stuff. We
should also feed “table scraps" such as
waste bread, potatoes or bits of waste meat.
rI’he feeding is not all. Fresh water and
good shells must be constantly provided, the
yard must be spaded over at least once a
month from April to December, and the hens
must be kept free from insects. There are
cheaper ways of feeding hens, but this system
provides the raw material for eggs!

Water Glass Eggs. — Here comes a man
from Kansas with a leading question :

"In market where eggs are sold as eggs,
with nothing said in regard to freshness,
would not water-glass eggs that were put
down the day they were laid be as good as
the average run of eggs, and would it be
wrong to sell them without telling that they
were preserved eggs?” s. w. w.

If moral law grew by some form of evolu¬
tion out of habit a man would be justified in
selling such eggs. In fact this is a question
which must be settled by the distance we
have traveled along the way of such evolu¬
tion. I would not sell water-glass eggs as
“fresh,” because they are not. From the
first statements made about this useful pro¬
cess I have advised against such sales. The
"wrong” of such a transaction is a matter ot
individual opinion. Most of the water-
glass eggs will be quite as good as the
average “fresh” egg, but if your customers
once learn that vou have sold them
"doctored” eggs they will distrust everything
you offer them thereafter. You may know
that water-glass is all right, but the people
who buy your eggs may think it is broken
glass or something worse, and in the end
such trade will hurt you. If I had such
eggs to sell I would take them to customers,
explain what they were and asu for a fan-
trial. One of the worst evils that farmers
have to confront is food adulteration. What
business have we to try to make laws to
shut off the big frauds, if we in a small
wav. attempt to misrepresent the food we
seli ?

Summer Boarders. — I am asked to print
the following blast:

“I notice on page 710 an item referring to
the fashionable family boarding house kept
by the quoted abused poor widow. Now. it's
all very well to pat us farmers on the back
by your severe criticism of the class whom
you say live in idleness and ease on the
veranda or hammock, and read novels. Let
me tell vou if these boarders had never left
the farm' and their life of overalls and drudg¬
ery that is attached to the best of all farms,
there would never be any money to support
the widows' boarding houses you refer to.
instead these widows would likely become
town paupers, and the living given by many
towns to such would be far harder to worry
over than your mentioned Summer boarders.
Consequently you should extol ways and
means that create the boarder for the poor
widows, and whom God's mercy lifted off
the beautiful treadmill of the farm life,
known onlv to editors bv reports or in
dreams miles afar from the reality of the
said life. One of your contemporaries, a

high class paper, quotes from Sioux City
Special. Iowa, the supported theories that
life on a farm is conducive to insan¬
ity and appointments of guardians in
many cases of past and recent dates, and
statistics of hospitals for insane show (50 per
cent of the inmates came from rural districts,
which led to numerous learned discussions,
tending to show that farm lire is most con¬
ducive to insanity. So your so-called para¬
sites are the godsend of all country towns
that get good livings out of the board money
paid by them: oft times the only cash seen
in spots where it is only an exchange with
the general store-keeper, and if two cents of
a balange they give you two nutmegs in¬
stead of the two cents in cash."

Connecticut. a farmer’s wife.

I don't know whether this is meant as a
joke or in all seriousness, l will assume the
latter. The great majority of these boarders
never lived on a farm. Some of them are
very worthy people who earn their living in
town and go to the country to rest and
brace up for another round. The class we
referred to is mostly made up of lazy and
complaining women who seem to have little
or any real object in life. I know this class-
well from observation in city flats and board¬
ing houses. The husband works hard to sup¬
port his family while the woman loafs. The
"housekeeping” they do is a farce: with
every convenience for doing their work they
must have a servant and then live mostly on
the baker and “delicatessen” stores. If these
loafers would use their idle time in study or
some useful way I would find little fault, but
both bodv and brain are softened by idle¬
ness. With great libraries within a stone's
throw and surrounded by poor creatures who
need a taste of human kindness those women
spend the best share of the day at the de¬
partment stores or theatres. I have known
such ridiculous creatures to leave children
alone in the house or flat and go to card
parties or similar meetings. I am aware that
the money paid by boarders to farmers is a
great help but for every dollar thus brought
to the farm the social conditions made possi
ble by such idlers rob the farmer of $25.
When’ I see these soft, idle creatures flitting
about like butterflies I am obliged to think of
women in farm homes abler, more ambitious
and with truer ideals who do their hard
dntv from day to day without complaint. If
seems like a hard whirl of fate when women
of real character and usefulness must feed
these butterflies in order to save (be home.
As for the statement that 60 per cent of the
inmates of insane asylums come from the
farm, no greater nonsense ever was printed.
The R. N.-Y. lias been all over this again
and again with figures from the various
asylums. I realize that we do not all look
at such things alike, but a loafer always
makes me glad I have to work for a living,
and that I was brought up to work from
childhood. No loafer that ever lived can
get the joy out of his idleness that the
worker does from the labor of bis hands.

Farm Notes. — All these things have run
me away from home. We have had the most
beautiful weather thus far — it seems too good
'to last. Seymour says that in Canada on
September 12 all the corn was frozen. Here
more than a month later nothing has been
seriously hurt. Below us. in the valley,
fodder corn was ruined two weeks ago. while
with us there is hardly a crumpled leaf. .

Ditching is now the order of business.
As we cut into our lower fields' we find a
deep, black soil almost equal to a western
prairie for richness. For some years nothing
but coarse grass has grown there. As we
cut the ditches the water oozes out of the soil
and runs away. When the stone dams are
in place we expect to dry out that field and
take advantage of the plant food that is
locked up in the soil. I begin to see the
folly of paying so much money for fertilizer
and manure when pick and shovel will let
in the air and sunshine and make a fertilizer
factory right on the farm. . . . One of

our neighbors had a large henhouse burned.
It was sprayed inside with crude oil to kill the
lice. Then to make the job sure sulphur
candles were burned. What went wrong with
the candles no one will ever know, but they
seem to have set the house on fire. Our own
chicken deparlement was never more promis¬
ing. We start the Winter with about 2fM>
good pullets. Just now we are eating old
hens and young roosters at frequent intervals.
- . . .' Indications were that we would

run short of fodder, so we looked about for
a chance to buy cornstalks. We have found
a lot of nice ones which are for sale at 2V>
cents a bundle- — which means hot far from
$5 a ton, which 1 consider a better bargain
than hay at our retail prices. The stalks
are in good shape and. when run through the
shredder will keep the stock happy this
Winter — at anv rate it is about all they will
get. and Hope Farm believes in telling folks
to be content with what is set before them.
The new cow is a good one. it. w. c.

- THE -

Angle Lamp

Kerosene is the best of all illuminants and the
cheapest. The Angle Lamp makes it also the
most satisfactory. It is the best of all kerosene
lamps. Constructed on entirely different prin¬
ciples from the old-fashioned lamps, it makes
kerosene (or petroleum)

As Convenient as Gas or Electricity

It is lighted and extinguished lilts gas. May be turned
high or low without odor. No smoke, no danger. Filled
while lighted and without moving. Requires filling but
once or twiqe a week. It floods a room with its beautiful,
soft, mellow light that has no equal. The Angle Lamp has
completely superseded ordinary lamps and other unsatis¬
factory or unreliable systems, and is constantly replacing
gas and electricity in the homes of those who cater to
comfort and health. Just sit down and write (or our cat¬
alog NN and our proposition for selling on

30 DAYS* TRIAL.

Do it now — right away. It will tell you more facts about
the How and Why of good light than you can learn i n a
lifetime’s experience with poor methods.

The Angle Mlg. Co., 78-80 Murray St.. New York.

How Many Children Die
for W ant of Oxygen ?■

Atweny-four Candle-Power
City Gas-Jet, or—

— 24 Candle-Power Gasoline
Light, or—

—A good Kerosene Lamp rated
at 25 -candle power of Light,
burns up all the Oxygen in about 30
cubic feet of Air every hour you
use it.

Think of what that means
to Health (365 nights in the year)
in a living or sleeping room!

They produce, at the same time,
about 20 cubic feet of Carbonic Acid
every hour.

And that Carbonic Acid is what the
lungs throw off when they breathe out
dead tissue from the body.

It is a poison so dangerous that it
would kill you in five minutes if you
breathed it pure.

Now, I’m not trying to scare you,
but am merely telling you something
you can prove for yourself by setting a
lighted lamp in a closed room till it dies
out for want of the very Oxygen it
burns up.

It takes a lot of bad treatment to
actually kill a person however.-bad
Food, -bad Air,— Cruelty or Heart
h c

And, the City Gas Jet. Gasoline
Light, or Kerosene Lamp, as generally
used, is only a slow poison.

Because Ventilation dilutes the Car¬
bonic Acid so you don’t notice the effect
of each single dose at the time itis taken.

But. it “gets there" just the same,—
weakening the System, helping on Dis¬
ease, and obscuring the Merry Sunshine
of Life, — its Cheerfulness.

That’s why these Oxygen Consum¬
ing Lights need watching.

Kerosene used to be about the only
Light that could be had in small towns,
villages, country houses, and farm
houses.

So that people had to put tip with it.
even though it poisoned the Air slowly,
and raised the death rate heavily
through Fires as well.

But it’s different now !

Acetylene Light can be had at less
cost than common Kerosene Light.

Do you know about Acetylene?

It used to be an experiment once,
but now it is like the Telephone or Au¬
tomobile— a perfected fact.

There have been hundreds of faulty
Acetylene Generators made in the ex¬
perimental stage of its history. But
there has never been poor Acetylene
Light when properly made, as it uni¬
versally is today.

Acetylene is the clearest Light. —
the purest, whitest , safest, coolest
Light ever made by Man.

It comes so near to Sunlight that it
will actually make Plants grozv by night
under its wholesome, healthful rays.

And, because it is so clear and pure,
with so little color-fog to muddy it— so
free from flicker and glare, — it is the
easiest Light on the eyes yet discov¬
ered.

It is 10 to 15 times stronger than
Kerosene Light. City Gas Light, or
standard Electric Light.

On this account it is cheaper than
any of the three.

Because, only a tenth as much of it
need be used to produce the same clear-
reading effect.

0

v

That is one reason why it burns up
only one-fourth as much of the living
Oxygen in the air of a room as Kero¬
sene, Gasoline, or City Gaslight.

And that’s why it leaves only one-
tenth as much poisonous Carbonic Acid
in the air of a room, after it. to be
breathed and re-breathed by the people
in that room, in place of the Life-Giving
Oxygen consumed.

Moreover, that’s why it is one-third
cheaper than even Kerosene Light from
the best Lamps yet invented.

A 24 Candle Power City Gas Jet
costs you half a cent per hour,

A good 25-candle-powei Kerosene
Lamp will burn a 12-cent gallon of Kero¬
sene in five nights, if lighted four hours
a night.

That would make it cost three-fifths
of a cent per hour, or $8.76 a year, for
Kerosene alone, to say nothing of broken
Lamp Chimneys, new Wicks, and the
everlasting Labor and Risk of cleaning
them.

A 24-candle-power Acetylene Light
will cost you a third less than that, — or
two-fifths of a cent per hour.

That means only $5.84 per year, if
used the same number of hours for 365
nights.

And, there’s less Work needed for
fifty Acetylene Lights than for one
single Kerosene Lamp, with far less
danger, as the Insurance Records prove.

Thai's a matter well worth your
consideration— the comparative danger.

Over two million people in America
now use. Acetylene Light, and yet, the
Insurance Records show that there were
only four fires from it in one year.

The same authority shows that there
were 8,865 Fires from Kerosene, and
Gasoline, during the same year.

And, the Insurance Records can’t
afford to lie.

If you will tell vie how many rooms
there are in your house, I’ll tell you
about how much it would cost, per
year, to light your home with that
safest, most wholesome, clearest, clean¬
est, coolest, and most beautiful of all
Lights— A cetylene.

I have also got a wee bit of a Book
that’s plumb full of information about
Lighting in general, and I think you
" ought to have it.

Its title is “Sunlight on Tap,” and
it incidentally tells about some experi¬
ments made by Cornell University,
this year, on Plant Growing under
Acetylene Light instead of Sunlight.

Write for a copy today, and I’ll send
it to you free.

Just address me as—

“Acetylene Jones” 5 Adams Street,
Chicago, 111.

Take an old rubber boot, and cut it to pieces. If it is one of the

Buckskin Brand

Rubber Boots and Shoes

You will find ail extra thick sole, and extra rein¬
forcements where the ordinary boot breaks first. See
the cut. You will find, too, that the rubber iu it has
elasticity — it stretches. That’s because it is real rub¬
ber, and not a cheap substitute such as is used now-
a-days in ordinary rubber boots and shoes.

That explains why the Buckskin Brand outwear
all others of the ordinary kind — and why they are
the only kind you can afford to buy. Guaranteed and
sold on Ten Days Trial. Ask your dealer for
Buckskin Brand. Take no other. If lie won’t supply
you we will. Send to us for book and learn
_ the difference between last-long Buckskin

£N.N0TE THE Rubber wear and the wear-out-quick, ordi-
reinforcemenTS nary kind.

BANNER RUBBER COMPANY,

280 Bittner St., St. Louis. Mo.

(AWARDED GRAND PRIZE
at St. Louis Exposition.)

WEIGHT
110 LBS
ACTUAL
TEST

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine, Sa
Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses, water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight.

' DeLOACH MILL M’F’U. CO., Box 302.' Atlanta, Ga.

AW MILL

78o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 28,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Kditor.

t)R. WALTER VAN FLEET, | ,

Mrs. K. T. Boyle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 52.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8% marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“ A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

PRIZES FOR PHOTOGRAPHS.

Prizes of $5, $3 and $2 will be paid for the best
photographs, suitable for printing in The R. N.-Y.
illustrating the subject:

“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME.”

The picture may be a group of humans, a company of
animals or a farm scene. The only condition is that it
must in some way illustrate the home feeling. Here
is a chance for an amateur photographer to show some
original groupings and picture a subject as old as time
and yet ever new. An illustration of the home feeling
is an expression of the most beautiful and powerful
force in the world. The pictures must be in our hands
by November 15.

*

We have never had so many calls for information
about bringing water from springs or wells. This indi¬
cates a general desire to put water in the house and
barn. It is a good sign, both of prosperity and good
sense. This is one good way to invest money at home.
Such investments make the home comfortable and the
farm more salable. The “grafters” do not get much
chance at the money either.

*

We find people who complain that New Jersey has
made a campaign against the mosquito. What would
the}’- think if they lived in the Transvaal ? The ento¬
mologist of that much-fought-for country travels about
in a special train hunting the breeding places of mos¬
quitoes and studying the blood of humans and animals.
The mosquito carries the germs of malaria from one
person to another, and the State can well afford to send

special trains out alter him.

*

The discussion of the balky horse ptoblem indicates
that there are more balky drivers than horses. Evi¬
dently if a man starts out to “break” such a horse he
must first break himself by putting a brake on his
temper. In any contest for control between man and
horse it is the bridle on the man’s temper that gives
him the advantage. The plan of strapping up one front
foot so as to throw the horse at will on a sod seems
the most practical way of controlling him !

*

Some of those who attended the American Pomolog-
ical Society’s meeting at Kansas City spent about five
days visiting the fruit-growing sections of the South¬
west. In this “land of the big red apple” the eastern
visitors got a new sensation. Citizens turned out to
meet them with brass bands and speeches, with picnic
dinners and general rejoicing. In the East such things
are usually reserved for politicians or perhaps a circus.
Some of those men have attended fruit meetings in
Eastern States before now where a baker’s dozen of
faithful ones held a mutual admiration society, and no
one in town seemed to know where the meeting was
held. It must have given such men strange thoughts
to be greeted ;r. this new country with brass bands and
all the evidence of a “glad hand.” And yet, after all,
what is there strange about it? In that western section
fruit growing is the chief industry! it provides bread,
butter and. fun to the people. These men are proud of

their business, and they are glad to show it to strangers !
This spirit is growing in some parts of the East too,
where fruit growing is becoming a leading industry.
It is a good thing, for farming never can come to its
own until the true spirit of agriculture is cultivated
and made prominent.

*

Mr. Chairman, over whatever meeting you may be
presiding, one of your chief duties is to pay respectful
attention to the speaker. We have been in agricultural
meetings where the chairman, as soon as he introduced
the speaker, left the platform, and went about, talking
with this one and that one in the audience. There
may be occasions, where important committees are to
be made up before adjournment, when such a canvass
of the audience is needed, but the effect of this trotting
about of the chairman is distracting to those of the
audience who wish to listen to the speaker.

*

When the present great development of creamery
butter making began many people thought the farm
dairy was doomed. The little man was to be crushed
out. We know of several cases where people with
half a dozen cows are now doing better than ever be¬
fore. Most of them are located near large towns or
cities, where there are to be found people who prefer
homemade butter. The creameries have been on the
whole an advantage to these people, and we are sure
that a good butter maker can still dispose of his butter
in such markets to good advantage.

*

A reader who has just moved to Vermont finds fault
because he has failed to receive The R. N.-Y. Hear
him !

It is bad enough to move; set up stoves, lose your ham¬
mer, break your dishes, and eat cold baked beans for three
days, without being deprived of one's mainstay. IIow do
you expect me to keep house this way? f. h. g.

We wouldn’t care if we had 500,009 subscribers who
felt that way about us. We would try to see that they
never missed a copy. Improved wire may be a little
slow in coming, and we may have to wait a little while
for a parcels post, but if we are able to overcome the
effect of nine meals of cold baked beans we are hopeful
that great wrongs may be righted yet.

*

Ten years ago we did what we could to encourage
experiments with the cow pea. We saw what it was
doing on the thin soils of the Southern States, and
wanted to see if it is suited to the harder and colder
soils of the North. The writer carried a pint of the
seed about in his pockets, handing them out to farmers
here and there. After thorough trial it seems that the
cow pea is best adapted to the southern climate and
soil. There are cases at the North where it has done
fairly well, but the Soy bean seems the better plant of
this class for fiortherh farmers. In some cases, as men¬
tioned on page 774. the cow pea has helped the soil,
while some brand of fertilizer has received credit. The
name has been against the plant, for some farmers have
confounded it with the Canada field -pea and sowed it
early in the Spring. Of course this meant failure to
the seed, which is as tender as a bean. At the South
10 years of continual use of the cow pea has brought
results on some farms which would read like a fairy
tale.

*

Every now and then we have a message from some
hard old cynic who would color blue litmus paper red
if you put it in his mouth! Everything is wrong with
him ! The old times were the only good ones ! Modern
society is a fraud; children are a nuisance; there is no
hope for the country. It is all folly, he says, to talk
better fence wire or fairer railroad rates, regulation of
trusts or anything else. The corporations are sure to
get it all anyway, so what’s the use? Better grab
what you can out of the rush and take care of your own
nest anyway. This thing of trying to protect the rights
and property of others is all rot! When such a man
comes along with his tale of woe we feel like dropping
work and getting out upon the hills. There is no
other way to get the taste of it out of your soul.
Nature does not talk that way even at this season,
when leaf and flower are dying. The leaf that falls
may protect a tender plant, and the brown bud and
dry seed will carry the life over to next Spring. What
an answer the hills and the woods give to the poor
cynic who thinks that the world’s hopes die when he
snuffs out his own ambitions ! There never was greater
hope for society or greater power within reach of the
single ordinary man, if he would but use it.

★

The battle over the regulation of railroad rates has
begun early. President Roosevelt has stated that he
still favors the popular plan of giving increased power
to the Interstate Commerce Commission. This Com¬
mission, which was established in 1887, was the result
of a compromise between extreme radicals in the West
and conservative railroad men at the East. At the time

the Commission was created most people believed that
it had sufficient power to compel fair rates and correct
abuses. The Supreme Court has decided that the Com¬
mission has not power to compel the railroads to change
their rates, since Congress has never definitely given it
such power. This function belongs to Congress, but it
can delegate such power to an officer or commission if
it chose to do so. It has never given this power to the
Commission in so many words, and the object of the
present agitation is to induce Congress to do so at once.
At the last session the House passed a bill which would
enable the Commission to enforce its own rules, but the
bill was killed in the Senate by the railroads and those
interested in rebates. There can be no question about
the need of some Government control of railroad rates,
and it is safe to say that a vast majority of the Amer¬
ican people will back up the President when he asks
for legislation. The Interstate Commerce Commission
has not accomplished what was hoped from it, but peo¬
ple generally understand the reason. They are dis¬
posed, before trying some other way, to give the Com¬
mission greater power and see what will follow. This
is the most sensible plan.

*

I here has been but little discussion of the “good
roads” amendment which is submitted to the voters of
New \ ork State this Fall. If a majority of voters sup¬
port this amendment the State will be authorized to
issue bonds for $50,000,000, the money to be used in
building roads under State supervision. The New York
Sun opposes the amendment for various reasons, among
others the following:

It is another attempt to enrich the rural communities at
the expense of the cities. It should be beaten for these and
for numerous other excellent reasons.

This is the poorest argument that could be made
against the proposition, because it is not true. Cities
are always helped by highway improvement. They de¬
pend upon the country for food, and for everything
they use except what is imported from other countries.
Anything that makes the carriage of this material
easier and cheaper benefits the city. Everything used
in a city must first be carried over a highway before it
can be loaded upon a car or boat, and, at present, this
road hauling is the heaviest cost of all. While the
direct benefit of the improved roads will be greatest to
local communities, the indirect benefit to the cities will
be nearly as great. The city cannot possibly make any
better investment than one which will add to the
comfort and prosperity of the country which supplies
it with food.

*

We are receiving a good many replies to the ques¬
tions about fence wire, but want more. The following
reply to the questions as to whether the lower wires
in the fence appear to be better than others is typical :

Yes, we have noticed just that very thing. We have built
seven or eight miles of woven wire fence on our farms, and
we put it nearer the ground than was necessary. In many
instances the lower strands and sometimes the entire lower
panel, is covered by grass and “fog" or old grass of several
seasons’ growth. We imagined that perhaps that wire might
be inclined to rust out sooner, as the covering, of course,
would be damp much of the time, but on examination we
found the wire brighter under the grass and “fog" than
that out in the open. We were surprised.

It is not so surprising when we understand the facts.
It is claimed among other things that one reason why
modern wire goes down so rapidly is because the
manganese used in its manufacture is not evenly dis¬
tributed through the metal. This causes electrolysis;
that is, an electrical decomposition of the wire. When
such wires are kept in close contact with the earth by
being stapled to trees, or in contact with wet grass or
weeds this electric action would not be so powerful, and
it is a fair presumption that such wire would not give
way so rapidly. This whole matter will be made clear
soon by the Department of Agriculture. From this
brief statement farmers can see how their practical
observation in the field will help the chemists. We
shall have better fence wire. The wedge has been put
into the tough problem ; now drive it home with strong
letters demanding better wire, and offering a fair price
for it.

BREVITIES .

Celerrate “Apple Day” 3G5 times a year.

Chestnut wood is largely used for making coffins.

An auto recently ran 170 miles in 147 minutes. That’s
too fast for us.

It has been found that seed of cow peas kept in dry cold
storage at a temperature of 32 to 34 degrees will not be
disturbed by the weevil.

That busy woman on page 775 deserves unlimited praise
for her industry, but why does she tether her cow over
night on the wrong side of a 10-acre lot?

Under the new law compelling those who handle milk
in shipping stations to take out a license, G20 such licenses
have been issued. The law seems to be working well thus
far.

Some western farmers tell of setting wooden fence posts
in good-sized holes and then pouring a soft mixture of con¬
crete and sand into the hole to harden around the post. Is
this practical?

1965.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

78 1

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — Captain Rumill and three of the crew of the
four-masted schooner Harry A. Berwind were murdered in
a mutiny while the Berwind was en route from Mobile to
Philadelphia October 10. A fourth member of the crew was
slain October 11 after the schooner had been picked up off
Cape Fear Bay. This news was brought to Southport, N. C.,
October 11 by the schooner Blanche II. King, bound from
Brunswick, Ga„ to Philadelphia, which had on board three
negroes in irons, all that remained of the Berwind's crew.
According to the story told by Captain J. W. Taylor, of the
King, the Berwind was sighted 30 miles off Cape Fear Bar.
Captain Taylor's attention was attracted to the ill-fated
vessel by the reckless manner in which she was being steered.
Taylor, witli several of his crew, went aboard the Berwind
and found that the captain, mate, cook and an engineer who
operated the hoisting engine on the Berwind had been
killed in the mutiny and their bodies thrown overboard.
The decks of the schooner were red with blood, giving evi¬
dence of a fierce encounter. The mate's berth was spotted
with blood, showing that he was slain in bed. After the
boarding party from the King handcuffed the mutineers on
the ship, one of the negroes complained that the irons were
too tight and hurt him. When the handcuffs were loosened
the captive pulled out a pistol and shot one of his own
crew. The three remaining negroes were placed in irons
and taken aboard the King. . . . The suits of the State

of Texas against the American Bondage Company, the Fidel¬
ity Deposit Company and the United States Fidelity and
Guaranty Company, all of Baltimore, for penalties aggre¬
gating more than $2,000,000 for alleged violations of the
Texas anti-trust law of 1889, were compromised October 12
and dismissed in the District Court by the companies paying
an agreed judgment of $12,500 to the State. . . . Sir

Henry Irving, the famous English actor, died suddenly at
Bradford. England, October 13. He was 07 years old. and
had been on the stage 48 years. He was knighted by
Queen Victoria in 1895, being the first actor who ever re¬
ceived this distinction. 1 1 is? interment was in the Poet’s
Corner of Westminster Abbey. . . . Stockmen of Mon¬

tana and North Dakota are interested in a cattle-stealing
sensation in the northwestern part of the latter State, near
the Montana line. The most startling feature of the case
is the arrest of a banker in connection with the affair.
Several men who have formerly posed as honest stockmen
are said to have really been operating as cattle thieves. Not
only are private citizens along the border of both States in¬
volved, but county officials are said to be as deeply interested
as the others, having assisted the thieves through their offi¬
cial influence. It is said that a full exposure of the deal
will involve dozens of men. One of them is a United States
official, who though indirectly eonected with the affair and
apparently without criminal intention, is said to have acted
as an agent in selling the stock. . . . During target
practice by the Twenty-ninth Battery of Field Artillery at
Junction City, Ivan., October 13, 48 horses, some with
soldiers on their hacks and others dragging riders tangled
in the harness, plunged over a cliff with eight gun limbers.
Horses, riders and equipment landed in a confused mass at
the bottom. Private Albert Paste was instantly killed.
Privates John Connolly and C. -T. Simpson were so severely
injured they are expected to die and Privates I.eary, Nor¬
man, Lancaster and Cline are in the hospital with broken
limbs and internal injuries. ... A gift of $175,000 to
Iowa State College, at Ames, where twenty-four years ago
he milked cows to defray his tuition, is provided in the will
of George William Catt of Brooklyn, who died recently.
Mr. Catt bore lifelong gratitude to his Alma Mater, which
he attested by the gift of one-half of his net fortune. It
was at Ames that Mr. Catt received practically all his
technical education and made the acquaintance of the girl
who later became his wife. In college young Catt was a
typical student working his way. He rose early, milked
t lie cows in the barn of the agricultural school for tuition
and did chores for his board. Miss Carrie Lane, later his
wife, attended the same college at the same time. . . .
.7. N. Williamson. Congressman from the Second Oregon
district, was sentenced October 14 to pay $500 and serve
10 months in prison by Judge Hunt in Federal Court.
Williamson was convicted of complicity in Oregon land
frauds. . . . October 11, while the Cunard steamer

Campania was 240 miles east of Cape Race. Newfoundland,
she was struck by an immense wave, which swept five
steerage passengers overboard, and injured 30 others. Agnes
Ivarlssen of Sweden was the worst injured. Her hips were
so badly fractured that an operation was deemed necessary

at once to save her life, and both her legs were amputated.
1 he other injured passengers had bioken legs, arms and ribs
and suffered from contusions, bruises and shock. Those who
were carried overboard were Margaret Cleary and her chum
Mary Cosgrove, who were going to Meriden, Conn., where
their relatives and friends had prepared a reception for
them ; Neils F.kberg of Sweden, Elizabeth Crunadotter and
John Fraham. . . . The schooner Stillman F. Kelly

arrived at Boston Mass., Oct. 16, from a Georgia port,
having on board the two survivors of the crew of the three
masted schooner Van Name and King of New Haven, Conn.,
which went to pieces October 7, off Cape Lookout, after
being battered about and thrown upon her beam ends in a
fierce storm. The six other men who were on board the
Van Name and King were lost, four of them going insane
from hunger and thirst after drifting about on a piece of the
unfortunate vessel's deck for two days. . . . Prelimin¬

ary steps were taken October 11 in behalf of policy holders
of the Mutual Life Insurance Company in Colorado to force
the executive officers and trustees of that company to make
restitution of the $92,500 admittedly contributed to Republi¬
can campaign funds.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. — As a result of the
visit to France of Dr. Wiley, chief chemist of the Agricul¬
tural Department, and of his investigation of complaints of
French exporters. Secretary Wilson October 13 issued four
orders modifying the pure food regulation in regard to the
importation of as many products. At present sardines
packed in oil labelled as olive oil but which contain any
peanut oil are barred from entry into the United States.
A conference with the sardine packers of Nantes, Bordeaux
and Paris showed that it is the practice first to boil the
fish in peanut oil for the purpose of giving flavor and color,
after which they are drained and packed in olive oil. There
being no attempt at adulteration, the order was issued per¬
mitting the admission, pending further investigation, of
sardines so labelled when the percentage of peanut oil does
not exceed 5 per cent. The regulations now interfere with
the importation of candy and other confections which are
artificially colored. The department has concluded that such
synthetic foods which are mixtures of various other food
products and not of themselves possessing the character¬
istics of natural foods, but bear special names not indicative
of natural origin, character or quality, fall within a differ¬
ent class than natural foods, and that harmless coloring
matter may be used under certain conditions without that
fact appearing on the label. This modification, however,
will not permit coloring matter which would imitate the
natural color of the candy — like chocolates, for instance — -
and must not only be harmless, hut must be permitted by the
country of export. The regulations regarding the exclusion
of wines containing sulphurous acid have been modified so
as to permit the importation of wines of vintages prior to
1905 showing not exceeding twenty milligrammes of such
acid per litre. The French white wine growers have here¬
tofore used burning sulphur in connection with their prod¬
ucts, but have agreed hereafter to prevent the practice. An¬
other modification was in favor of French packers of vege¬
tables, who had on hand large quantities of imprinted tin
cans when the American regulations went into effect and
under which they would be barred as bearing misleading
labels. These cans under certain regulations will be ad¬
mitted until May 1, 1907.

APPLE NOTES FROM A DAIRY SECTION.

We are not in the fruit region of New York State, though
we have apple orchards, and at times there might be apples
to sell if there was a market for them. Last year we had
thousands of bushels. Farmers picked a good many, think¬
ing that there might he some sale for them. The fruit
was fine-looking and sound, and it kept well. We had
some in July that were kept in an ordinary cellar with a
light partition between them and the furnace, and I have
eaten some that a neighbor gave me August 10 that were
not to be despised. Hundred of bushels were shaken from
the trees last Fall, picked up and taken to the car at 15
cents a hundred. We thought them worth that to feed, and
so fed ours. Those that were picked from the trees we
were finally offered 40 cents a hundred for, and we sold a
load at that price. As we had to hire them picked we real
ized no more for these than for the ones that were taken
from the ground and sold for vinegar apples. Since that
load was shipped there has been no chance to sell apples.
Of course, that was a year of abundance, but there seems to
be no market here that is worth while, for apples at any
time. Possibly we do not understand how to handle them.
I suppose that 50 or 100 trees such as the average farmer
finds on his farm about here might, if properly cared for,

supply a quantity for market almost every year, if we knew
how to handle the orchard and would do as well as we knew.
So long as apples cannot be sold and cannot be transported
for any reasonable sum, it is doubtful if any great efforts will
be made to produce them. Possibly a better understanding
might result more to the advantage of commercial apple
growing. A neighbor told me one day that on his farm
there had been a seedless apple for almost a lifetime. He
said that his father grafted it into that tree more than 50
years ago, and it produced apples practically every year
after coming into bearing as long as the tree stood. It fell
perhaps three or four years ago. The apples were always
seedless, but that was not all ; they were also worthless so
far as any use at the house was concerned. Many years
ago some relatives of the family went to Ohio and traveled
about considerably. They gathered scions of the various
varieties of apples and sent them here, where trees were
grafted with them. This seedless was among the number
of varieties sent. Out in Massachusetts there are many
places where fruit is the main-stay. While wandering about
one day I found such a farm. It so happened that this
particular farm was the home of the Bay State apple. Mr.
Howard is an enthusiast in plant breeding, and his success
not only with the production of this apple but with other
fruits and with flowers is remarkable. The Bay State apple
is to go on the market soon, I am told, and the fruit that
I saw, and the appearance of the trees is decidedly good. I
have no doubt that the world will come to know the Bay
State some day. h. h. l.

Chenango Co., N. Y.

BUSINESS BITS.

A good lantern is a great comfort. It. must not be a “dark”
lantern or it will blow out if a sudden draft strikes it.
It must not be liable to explode; it must be convenient and
it must give a good light. The old reliable Dietz has un¬
doubtedly been the leader in this country for 60 years.
There are many styles, and they are to be found with lan¬
tern dealers most everywhere. Where not found, dealers
will procure them if requested. The It. E. Dietz Company,
62 Laight St.. New York, who are advertising regularly
in these columns, will send, free of charge, a lantern hook.

The greatest leak in household economy is the loss of
heat up the chimney. All agree that there is too much
heat wasted, nothing but the cross-tube Rochester Radiator
has ever stopped it. If you were to heat a poker, would
you hold it at the side of the flame or over the top, or
would you cook food at the side of the cook stove in prefer¬
ence to the top? It is thus with the Rochester Radiator,
which takes its heat from the top of the current instead of
from the side. They absolutely save one-half of the fuel or
money refunded. For full particulars address Rochester
Radiator Co., Rochester, N. Y.

We hear so many complaints the past few years about
galvanized wire not being so “lasty" as the wire furnished
some years ago that this question seemingly has become seri¬
ous and of vital interest to every farmer. The Brown
Fence & Wire Company. Cleveland, Ohio, claim to make a
heavy weight farm fence, using all No. 9 coiled spring steel
strand wires with No. 9 stay wires and all wires containing
an extra heavy coating of galvanizing. Send for this com¬
pany's free Illustrated catalogue, also a sample of their
fence, which they mail free.

The use of the gasoline engine on the farm Is now receiv¬
ing marked attention. Being portable, it may be used for a
greater variety of work than any other power available to
the farm. Attached to the pump, it is better than a wind¬
mill; to the sawing machine it is better than a treadmill.
It may he attached to the cream separator, the churn, the
feed cutter, and, in fact, made to do an endless amount of
work about the farm. The Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Company of Milwaukee, Wis.. offer a very interesting story
in hook form, free to any farmer or any member of the
family who will send for a catalogue of their well-known
Simplicity engines.

Tiie Standard Faint Company announces the introduction
of Ruberoid Red Roofing, a product combining the utility
and decorative effect of a permanent colored surface with
superior weather-proof and fire-resisting qualities of the
regular Ruberoid. Ruberoid Red is the only prepared roof¬
ing in which the coloring is incorporated into the fabric
during the actual process of manufacture. Heretofore the
nearest approach to color in prepared roofings has been a
coat of paint applied either after the material was laid
or after the manufacturing processes were ended. Samples
may be obtained free by writing to the Standard Paint
Company, 100 William St., N. Y.. mentioning this paper.

K THE ADVANCE MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE .

The construction ib so simple and durable that it never gives
any trouble The driver completely controls the feed from h is
seat withoutstopping the machine. Wroughtstecl wheels with
wide tires. Can be turned in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and can be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY, ,

The enormous saving in time and labor, its superiority over
.others, make it an investment that pays for itself in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free upon request, describing the
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

YOUR MONEY BACK = QUICK

Cows

Cows

and a

but no

made

made

$45.00

$11.00

month

month

Why pay
double? No mill
madedoes faster
or better grind¬
ing than the

NEW

HOLLAND

You be the judge. Try it free. Grinds ear
corn and all grain fine or coarse as wanted.
Our fast cutting Wood Saw is the best made
Write /or fret Catalogs.

New Holland Machine Co., Box n& New Holland, Pa.

WILDER'S

SELF-ADJUSTING STEEL LATCH

stanchion meets the demand for a safe,
strong, convenient fastening— one that af¬
fords the cow perfect freedom when stand¬
ing or lying down. A stanchion operated
without removing your gloves or mittens.
Made of hard wood; does not chill animals
in cold weather. A happy combination of
utility, cow comfort and cleanliness. Holds
cattle securely for dehorning. Hung on
pins or chains as desired. Illustrated
catalogue and prices free.

WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO.
Box 20 Monroe, Mich.

STANCHION

CDCC CTflRY interest to every farmer andhis
■ “LL Oiuni family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will be sent abso¬
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg. Co., 16 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

The Latest Product of the 20th Century.
The Air-Cooled Pumping Gasoline Engine.

just what
you want
for Sawing
Wood,
Churning,
Running
Cream
Separator.
No Water
to freeze.
Gasoline
in the base.

Made in lVa
and 2L H.
P. Either
plain or
with back-
gear.

Write for
price.

R. H. Deyo
& Co.,
Bingham¬
ton, New
York. J

The U. S. makes the difference $34.00 month

Staunton, III., Sept. 25, 1905.

I hereby certify that on April 20th, 1903, I bought of your agent
one of your No. 7 U. S. Cream Separators, and after using it for more
than two years, I am more than satisfied. In 1902 I sold the milk of
my seven cows to the creamery and realized from said cows an average
of $11.00 per month. From the herd in the spring of 1903 I sold two
of the seven cows and milked the other five, and my
income from the five cows was $45.00 per month, a
difference of $34.00 in favor of the U. S. Separator.
If necessary I will make affidavit as to this statement.

E. D. Bruce.

Now, how quick did Mr. Bruce get his money back?
Well, the extra profits alone paid for his U. S. in just about
10 weeks. Many thousands of satisfied users prove the

U. S. CREAM SEPARATOR,

IWhlch Hold* World** Record for Clo*e Skimming

is the most profitable separator a farmer can buy. It
does the best work the longest time with least trouble
and smallest expense, and it

PAYS FOR ITSELF - QUICK

Send for free catalogue No. 550 F that tells plainly the reasons why.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

18 Distributing Warehouse* throughout the United States and Canada 411

Ws

You’ll Have a Kick Coming

If You Don’t Buy a Knodig.

The modern farmer finds it soon pays for itself. It saves for him in a
dozen ways, he’s not cheated in anything he buys or sells, he can make
money weighing for neighbors.

U/L.. 4.1. _ It is the steel scale that’s easily set, easily moved, is

w¥ ny me IHlOUiy ■ just as accurate as the high priced scales and the cost
is $30. to $50. less. Its working parts are all above ground and yet there is but 8 inches
grading up to do. There’s no pit to dig or wall, and there are no timbers to rot, for it s
all steel. Why not have a scale of your own on your farm? You 11 be surpnsed how

often you will want to use it. _ _ _ _ _ __

Write lor Our Farmers’ Letters. 5?yjf£Si ‘Xa»“ nation al pitless scale CO.,

for the asking. You’ll be surprised at the savings you can make. 2106 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, Mo.

782

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 28,

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

“IT IS NOT GROWING LIKE A TREE.”

It is not growing like a tree

In bulk, doth make men better be:

Or standing long nn oak. three hundred year,
To fall a log at last, dry, bald, and sear:

A lily of a day
Is fairer far in May.

Although it fall and die that night:

It was the plant and flower of light.

In small proportions we just beauties see:
And in short measures life may perfect be.

— Ren .Tonson (1574? — 1637).

*

Pillow tops made of leather postal
cards are seen among novelties in fancy
work. These leather cards, often hand¬
somely decorated with painting and burnt
work, are quite showy; but unsuitable for
mailing. To make a pillow top, holes
are neatly punched through the leather
along the edges, and the cards then laced
together with silk cord or leather belt
lacing. Twenty- four are required, four
the long way and six deep making a
square pillow. A fringe of chamois
leather edges the pillow.

*

Some housekeepers who do not have
all the materials for regular Philadelphia
scrapple make an imitation of this fa¬
mous dish from sausage meat, the pro¬
portion being one pound of sausage, one
tablespoonful of salt and one pound of
cornmeal to four quarts of cold water.
The sausage meat is first mixed with a
little water so as to separate the particles
somewhat, then all the water, salt and
meat put in a saucepan to boil. When it
is boiling hard the meal is stirred in, as
in making mush, slowly at first, all being
mixed smooth with a wooden paddle.
When boiled to a thick batter turn into
moistened pans to mold. When cold it
is sliced thin and tried crisp for break¬
fast.

*

People who are beginning to worry
as they approach the age for Oslerizing
might get an inspiration from the patri¬
arch thus described in the Youth’s Com¬
panion. Grandfather Durgan is 92 years
old. One Summer day he took his
youngest great-grandson out to the or¬
chard to investigate the August Sweets.
As the old man bit into an apple he
seemed hesitant and thoughtful.

“What’s the matter, grandpa ?’’ asked
the boy.

“It jest occurred to me,” said grandpa,
“that my teeth ain’t jest what they used
to be. I must be gettin’ on. Now if I
was sure I’d live to be an old man, so’s
’twould be a payin’ investment, I believe
I’d go and git me some false ones made.”

*

Pork chops served with fried apples
are prepared as follows : Season two
pounds of pork chops with a teaspoonful
of salt, a saltspoonful of white pepper and
a half teaspoonful of powdered sage, roll
them in fine bread crumbs and cook slow¬
ly for twenty minutes. Place them upon
a hot platter and set them in the oven
while the apples are frying. Pare and
cut in slices abou two-thirds of an inch
thick four tart apples. Cut the slices
around the apple so that the core is in
the center of each piece, then cut out the
core, forming rings. Pour part of the
fat from the pan in which the chops were
fried, lay in the apples and cook until
brown upon one side, then turn them
carefully with a pancake turner and
brown the other side. Serve on the plat¬
ter with the chops.

*

A YOUNG girl, applying for employment
at a well-known New York agency re¬
cently, explained that she had lost her
previous position because she was not
rapid enough. She worked in a candy
factory, wrapping small boxes in paraffin
paper, sealed at the ends with fancy paper
wafers — just such boxes as the train boy

carries in his businesslike basket. Her
daily “stent” was 1,200 boxes — no girl
could remain who fell below that num¬
ber — and somehow, no matter how she
tried, her fingers could never enclose
more than 1,100 boxes in a day. They
were nice people, she said, but she
thought 1,200 boxes a day was a good

61 19 Girl's Blouse with Plaited Skirt*
6 to 1 2 years.

deal to expect for $5 a week. It seemed
so to us — especially when we think what
it would mean to some girl who has to
support herself without aid from home.
The untrained country girl who is
cramped for spending money in some
good home has reason to “think of her
mercies,” as Jo March says, before start¬
ing out to try her fortune in the city.

*

A great many fabrics for Autumn and
Winter wear are figured in some way,
some with an embroidered effect, some
with shadow figures, checks or stripes.
Biarritz suiting, which has a wavy em¬
bossed effect, 44 inches wide, costs $1.50

5071 Infant's Long Kimono or Wrapper,
One size.

a yard ; foule cloth with shadow check
$1.75 a yard; shadow hair-lines, 40 inches
wide, $2 a yard. Satin-faced prun¬
ella, a very durable fabric with a silky
luster, with hair-line cord, costs $2.50 a
yard, 44 inches wide. Satin Venetian
cloth, with Jacquard woven polka dots, is
$3 a yard, and poplin cloth with Jacquard
figures the same. Satin- faced black Ve¬
netian suiting with colored polka dots,
46 inches, $3. These are all new models;
there are many plain and mixed suitings,
costing from 65 cents to $1.50 a yard;
cashmere and henrietta from 50 cents to
$2.50 For a good cloth gown that must
last a long time nothing excels silk-warp

henrietta, especially in black, and no mat¬
ter how fashions may change, it is never
really out of date. For a light-weight
woolen dress, suitable for indoor or Sum¬
mer wear, wool batiste is a favorite; it
costs 50 to 75 cents a yard (sometimes
37)4 at a special sale) ; is softer, yet
firmer than voile, being a finer weave,
and. in delicate evening colors, makes a
very pretty and economical gown for
state occasions.

The Rural Patterns.

The girl’s dress shown gives a good
idea for making over, when two out¬
grown garments may be combined to
form one, or the separate waist may be
made of new material to go with the re¬
modeled skirt. The dress is made with
the blouse and skirt which are quite sep¬
arate. The blouse includes tucked front
and full sleeves and the fitted body lin¬
ing, which can be used or omitted as ma¬
terial renders desirable. It is closed in¬
visibly at the center back. There is a
belt at the waist line and another attached
to the skirt, so that the two can be but¬
toned firmly together. The skirt is five
gored and is laid in backward turning
plaits which give a box plaited effect at
the center front. The quantity of mate¬
rial required for a girl of 10 is, for waist
2)4 yards 27, 2 J4 yards 32 or 1)4 yards
44 inches wide ; for the skirt 3)4 yards
27, 2)4 yards 32 or 2 yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern 5119 is cut in sizes for girls
of six, eight, 10 and 12 years of age;
price 10 cents.

The infant’s kimono, which may be
long or short, is made with fronts and
back that are shirred at the shoulders and
includes the wide characteristic sleeves.
The quantity of material required for the
long kimono is 2)4 yards 27. or 1)4 yards
36 inches wide with 5 yards of binding.
For the short kimono 1 j4 yards either 27
or 36 inches wide with 1)4 yards of band¬
ing. The pattern 5071 is cut in one size
only; price 10 cents.

PAGE

CAT¬

ALOG

We have been
a Mail Order
House 90 Years

DEALERS IN
RELIABLE
MERCHANDISE
ONLY.

Freight and Ex
press rates are
lower from New
York t h a u front
any other city in
America.

Carving,

Set, 85

Postpaid, VV

made of best Quality Wardlow steel
and fully warranted, 9 inch tem¬
pered steel blade, imitation stag
handles. A strong, durable carving
set, made by one of the best known
American manufacturers. Sets of
this grade retail everywhere at
$1.50. Buy nowin time for Thanks¬
giving. Your money back if you
don’t And goods all we claim.

White, Van Glahn & Co.,

No. 15 Chatham Sq. N. Y. City.

Established 1816.

BUY

IN

NLW
YORK

0IDESTHM ORDER
HOUSE f NAME R/CA

for this large
handsome
steel range

without high closet or reservoir. With
high warming closet and reservoir, just as
shown in cut, Si 3.05* Reservoir is

porcelain lined. Heavy cast top with 6 full
size cooking holes. Large oven, regular
8-18 size. The body is made of cold
rolled steel, top and all castings of best
pig iron. Crate; we use im¬
proved duplex grate, burns
wood or coal. Nickel band
on front of main top; brack¬
ets and tea shelves on closet;
band and ornament on reser¬
voir; oven door, etc. Highly
polished, making the range
an ornament in any home.

OURiTERMS

fop this

Oak

Heater

just as illustrated. Burns
hard or soft coal or wood.
Has drawn center grate,
corrugated fire pot, cold
rolled sheet steel body,
heavy cast base, large cast
feed door, ash pit door and
ash pan, swing top, screw
draft-regulator. Polished
urn, nickel top ring, name
plate, foot rails, etc.

We have heating
stoves of every kind.
Hot blast, air tights, the
kind thatretails for $3.00,
for 80c. Base burners
at Y> the regular price.

■re the most liberal ever
made. Wewillshipyou any 1

range or stove, guarantee it to be perfect in construction and ma¬
terial; we guarantee it to reach you in perfect condition. You can
jfpay for it after you receive it. You can take It Into your own homo
and use It 30 full days. If you do not find it exactly as represent¬
ed and perfectly satisfactory In every way, the biggest bargain in a stove you ever saw or heard of, equal to stoves that retail for
double our price, you can return it to us and we will pay freight both ways, so you won’t be out one single cent.

mTUIC AH HUT send itto us and we will mail you our free Stove Catalog. Shows over 80 styles stoves and
I niO MU UU I f ranges; explains our terms fully, tells you how to order. Don't buy a stove of any kind un¬
til you got our large Stovo catalog for 1 906 and 1 806 11 A D l/l M CliITU AA AUIAAPA

and sae our liberal forms and lowest prices ever made. Fit Hill 111 dlvll I if v(Ja utlluAUUa

Wholesale Prices Frpafdht

Our Oven Thermometers

Make
Good
Baking
Easy

No extra charge for our

PATENT STELLIFORM GRATE

It saves fuel and trouble.

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade
for nearly fifty years. In every town where they are not now
on sale, we will sell direct to the user, the

Gold Com Ranges

and Heating Stoves at their wholesale price, sent on ap¬
proval, safely delivered, freight prepaid, big lily polished, ready
to putin your home. Nostovesare better made or more highly
endorsed. They allow no waste of fuel; are handsomely orna¬
mented and guaranteed to please you. No stove offer is
made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not
satisfied, this is the first proposition of this kind ever made
by a manufacturer of a Standard Trade -Marked Stove.

Illustrated Catalogue — Free

h tells what a good stove must be and describes our full line
of Gold Coin Ranges and Heating Stoves. Write for it to-day.

The Gold Coin Stove Co., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successors to Bussey & McLeod, Est. i860)

▲ KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond,
there is no better stove or range made, and
save you from $5 to $40 on every purchase, be¬
cause we save you all middlemen's, jobbers’ and
dealers’ profits. We’re manufacturers, not “mail¬
order dealers;’’ we own and operate one of the
largest and best equipped stove factories in the
world; we guarantee the high quality of our
product and ship on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No.

Examine our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low price and save
from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Freight Prepaid, blacked, polished and ready for use.
All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

„n _ „ KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

■ KbluH I IV c probably can rt/eryou to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

WE

PAY

THE

Oven

Thermometer

114.

190:>.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

783

Uses for Kerosene.

“How shall l get it. off?” a.id she looked
at her paint-stained hands ruefully.

“Kerosene.’’ I said. She looked skep¬
tical. but tried it, and it started the paint
almost instantly. It is also good to clean
paint brushes, as good as turpentine and
less expensive. It will not affect shellac,
however; that requires very strong, nearly
boiling hot suds, and for the hands some
scouring material is necessary. Tf one
gets pitch on the hands, kerosene will
take it off. Any black from oily machin¬
ery or axle grease yields quickly to it,
much more so than to soap. The nuts on
wagon axles sometimes become very
gummy, and kerosene will clean it off
thoroughly. It is also good to use when
a machine gets gummy and runs hard ;
it should be wiped off after it has dis¬
solved the gum, and then a small quantity
of lubricating oil applied. Kerosene is
excellent to use for many purposes, but I
never use it in one way that is very com¬
mon — kindling fires. I admit that it hur¬
ries up the fire, but there is an element
of danger in its use. Not only this, but
as 1 have seen it used in some places it
seemed to me that it was a very extrav¬
agant practice. I prefer to use a little
forethought and have suitable kindlings
on hand. s. B. R.

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

It was a busy morning in late October
when the gate creaked and I saw Aunt
Sadie Evans drive into the yard. She
began to unharness the old grey horse
and put him into the stable before she
came to the house. Minty had gone away
for the day, and I was very glad of the
prospect of pleasant company. I offered
to call the men folks but she scorned the
idea.

“What’s the use of women wanting to
vote if they can’t harness a horse, or
milk a cow?’’ she said, with her hearty
laugh. Then she came over and looked
at me, and enfolded me in her motherly
arms. “Why Charity, dear,” she cooed,
“you are as trim and tidy as ever. You
didn’t know I was coming, but you’re
always neat at your work. It seems to
me you are wearing the same print gown
you had on when I came over from
Evansville last, and that must be four
years ago.’’ I was pleased at her praise
and said :

“O, no, Aunt Sadie. I’ve worn out quite
a number since then, but it seems more
economical to have morning dresses all
in dark blue print, because I can mend
one with another.”

“There’s something in that,” she admit¬
ted, “and it is neater than wearing old
afternoon dresses that won’t wash, the
way some girls do. What are you chop¬
ping?” she asked, and I told her that I
was using up the last of the green toma¬
toes with onions and green peppers.

The tomatoes are sprinkled with salt
after chopping, and have to stand three
hours, at the end of which all the liquor
must be drained off. Then the mixture
is put into the preserving kettle with all¬
spice, mustard seed ahd pepper to taste,
and a pound of moist brown sugar. It is
all coveied sparingly with vinegar and
simmered for an hour. I had previously
made a large quantity and put it into
small wide-mouthed jars and bottles, and
sealed them. The grocer bought them
all, and I was making a second supply
for our own use when Aunt Evans came.
1 do not like it to be thought that I am
always trying to make money, but these
simple things would otherwise be wasted,
and I understand how to use them to
advantage better than I do the making up
of fancy work. So when it was done we
enjoyed comparing notes of the Summer
since wc met. and then went farther
back and talked of earlier times, when I
was a little girl. Folks say as we grow
old we are given to reminiscences and
our dear Longfellow understood when he
wrote :

Of the past the old man's thoughts were.
And the maiden’s of the future.

It gets dark so early, and Aunt had to

leave for home soon after the children
came from school. She had a pleasant
word for each of them, for the charm of
some people is the faculty of saying the
right thing to each. “I think you are
growing to be a steady little man,” she
said to Cleveland, knowing his fitful na¬
ture. “How tall Sherman is growing,”
she exchaimed. and I felt that she knew
his ambition was to be a big man — then
she spoke kindly to Grant about bearing
how helpful he was to me. and they all
parted from her very reluctantly. The
boys are more helpful as time passes, and
can milk the cows and feed the chickens
every evening, doing the work faithfully,
and taking an interest in results that
bodes well for' the future. And as the
long evenings settle down upon the farm
it would be well, in all country places, if
something could be done for mutual im¬
provement. We are so apt to get into a
rut. and to pass the evenings in left-over
daily occupations, while it should give us
hours for storing up knowledge and for
making pleasant to each other, the long
hours between dark and bedtime. It is a
subject that should interest all R. N.-Y.
readers, and we might surely evolve a
plan of work and recreation.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

The Bookshelf.

Agricultural Economics, by Henry
C. Taylor; 327 pages; Macmillan Co.,
New York. In this volume of the “Citi¬
zens’ Library” Prof. Taylor gives in some
detail what he considers the principles of
agricultural economics. His ideas are
grouped under the following heads :
Agricultural Production; Organization of
the Farm; Size of Farms; Forces that
Determine Prices of Agricultural Pro¬
ducts; Distribution of Wealth; Means of
Acquiring Land ; Tenancy and Owner¬
ship. Price, postpaid, $1.25.

The Chrysanthemum, Its Culture for
Professional Growers and Amateurs, by
Arthur Herrington. An up-to-date man¬
ual of Chrysanthemum culture, adapted
to American conditions, is a welcome ad¬
dition to the garden library. Mr. Her¬
rington writes from fullness of practi¬
cal knowledge, being well known as a
grower and exhibitor, and as an officer
of the National Chrysanthemum Society.
He has drawn upon other growers for
specialized information also, and the book
is really comprehensive, covering all lines
of commercial, amateur and exhibition
culture. Published by the Orange Judd
Company, New York; 168 pages, hand¬
somely illustrated; price 50 cents .

It is not ours to measure relative merit
or award the palm of virtue. Of one
thing only we may be sure, that for all
true lovers and servers of Humanity
(whatever may have been their line) there
is reserved — not fame, not glory, not per¬
haps even recognition here, not a niche
in the grand Valhalla of the northern
gods, not a bower in the chill and pallid
moonlight of a Greek Elysium, but — a wel¬
come and a home in that beautiful and
tranquil world which is the goal of all
our earthly aspirations — the world of
solved problems, of realized ideals, of
yearning affections quenched in the ful¬
ness of fruition — that world where the
Spirit shall be always willing and the
Flesh never weak. — W. R. Greg.

How to Make Bread at Home
in Three Minutes.

WOULD you like to
make delicious
bread at home?

— Bread which
is well ••raised,” and has a
thin, flinty brown crust
which cracks in breaking?

— Would you like to
make bread with practically
no trouble or annoyance to your¬
self — without having your hands all
plastered with dough?

Then buy a Universal Bread Maker!
You don’t need any previous knowledge
of breadmaking to make bread with the
Universal.

You simply prepare the liquids, yeast,
milk, water, etc., — sift the flour, then
pour all the liquids, then all the flour, into
the Bread Maker, and turn the handle for
only 3 minutes.

Mind you, no dough pounding or irk¬
some kneading — no chance for dirt or germs
to get into the dough and spoil your bread.

At the end of the 3 minutes the dough
will be more thoroughly kneaded than you
could possibly do it by hand.

For the Universal, because of its pecu¬
liarly shaped kneading rod — an exclusive

feature — folds air into the dough — without
cutting it or mashing it.

You see when the Universal has folded
the air into the dough, this air surrounds
each yeast and flour particle, causing the
bread to thoroughly“rise’’— and when bread
thoroughly ‘'rises” it’s bound to be light and
airy.

Because the air, yeast and flour to¬
gether form the gas that makes dough rise.

So that bread made with the Uni¬
versal Bread Maker “rises” better, and
is, in every way, superior to ordinary hand
kneaded or bakers’ bread.

And remember, each pound loaf will
cost you only 2%c at the most for materials
when you use the

“UniversarBread Maker

So that if you pay 5c for a pound loaf from your baker and use only two loaves a
day or 730 a year, a Universal will save you just $18.25 a year, or 9
times its cost — its retail price is only $2.00 at any hardware
• 7 dealer’s.

TIiLJA’ -- /nti Can you afford to be without this wonderful Bread

Maker?

If you are anxious to secure a Universal Bread
,■£> 7^- Maker at once, you can buy one for $2.00

at your Hardware dealer’s — Be sure you
get a Universal, for you’ll lose money
if you buy any other kind, for no other
can fold the air into the dough as the Uni¬
versal can.

We have a booklet which tells all about
the Universal Bread Maker, which we will
send to you free upon request.

Just drop us a post-card— write on it
"Send me your book on the Universal
Bread Maker free of charge” and then write
your name and address plainly and
distinctly.

Write the postal nozv. Address:

Landers, Frary & Clark,

49 Commercial St., New Britain, Conn.

Gold
Medal
St. Louis
Exposition

c

Quality Counts

EDdystonE

PRINTS

Elaborate decoration on poor material only
calls attention to its cheapness. First make
sure of quality.

Simpson-Eddystone Prints are the best cali¬
coes in the United States. They are beautiful
in themselves, without additional ornament.

Made with all the thoroughness and care of
sixty-two years’ experience.

risk your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-Blues
and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects and a large
variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

Save Half Your Fuel

mt U8INQ TNI

ROCHESTER-

R-ADIATOR.

Fits any Stove or Furnace .

Write for booklet oa heating home*.
\qq Rochester Radiator Co.

Furnace Rochet* ter,N«Y»

Pricelrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

BARGAINS IN FURNITURE

We bought the entire 950,000,000.00 ST.
LOUIS WORLD’S FAIR, and now offei you
all the Furniture. It is mostly new. repre¬
senting exhibitors' samples, furnishings o(
unices, Barracks, Hotels, Foreign and State
Bldgs., etc. Shipped in first-class condition.
SOO beautiful bos fashioned Chairs ex¬
actly like illustration; can bo bad in
Golden, Flemish or Weathered Oak fin¬
ishes; seats genuine hand caning; QQn
pattern new. While they last, each 30 u
Others at 90c, 80c. 70c, 50c. Send 'or 600
page FREE Illustrated Catalog No. F. A.
57 on Lumber. PlumbingMaterial, Wire.
I Heating Apparatus, Hoofing, Furniture, Shoes, etc.
Chicago Houao Wracking Co., 35th A Iron Sts., Chicago

UNDERWEAR FOR WINTER.

The “Vellastic” Marks a Revolution in
the Comfort anti Cost of Underwear.

Men and women who are accustomed to re¬
gard winter as a period of colds, rheumatism
and discomfort, will appreciate the new kind
of underwear that is fast coming into use. It is
known as Vellastic Utica Ribbed Fleece Un¬
derwear, and unites low price with high value.

This underwear is exactly what its name
implies — rib and fleece. That is. the rib runs
lengthwise and the fleece is knitted in cross¬
wise. thus combining warmth and elasticity.

No ordinary washing will shrink Vellastic
Utica Ribbed Fleece in form or size. Its soft
down and elastic nature remain uninjured.

Outdoor men especially appreciate the snug-
fitting protection of Vellastic T’tica Ribbed
Fleece, preferring it to any other. Men’s
and women’s garments 50c each.

Bovs'., girls’ and children’s separate gar-

men t s are 25c.
union suits 50c.

Q Every garment
bears the trade¬
mark, Vellastic
Utica Ribbed
Fleece. If your
dealer does not
have them, write
us, giving his
name. Booklet
and sample of
fabric free.

Utica Knitting Company, Utica. New York.

from old-style lye and is put up in patent
safety easy-to-use cans.

Banner Lye is the cheapest and best
cleaner and disinfectant, and comes in
handy every day in the week. It is odor¬
less and colorless, and makes your cellar,
kitchen — your whole house — clean with lit¬
tle work. It also makes your milk-pails,
butter-tubs, dairy and all kitchen utensils
sweet and sanitary.

Makes purest soap

without boiling or large kettles — nothing
could be easier or cheaper. A 10-cent can
of Banner Tsi/e, 5V. lbs. of kitchen grease,
and in ten minutes’ time the soap is ready,
and you have 10 pounds of hard soap or
20 gallons of soft soap.

Get Banner Lye from your grocer. Write
to us for free book, " Uses of Banner Lye."

The I’enn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

Clothing
Made
to Order
at the
Mill

Save Half

Buy your clothing di¬
rect from the mill. Cut
out the dealer’s profits.
Get two suits for the
price of one. All wool
suits and overcoats
made to order, hand¬
somely trimmed and
guaranteed to give satis¬
faction . M any patterns
to choose from

Men’s woo. Suits

All
Wool

and Overcoats

Made to Order

$7:52 to $ 1 2-®2

Ladies’

Fall

Dress

Patterns

in all

Shades

Women’s dress goods
direct from the mill to
the wearer at wholesale
prices. All the newest
styles and colors. Che¬
viots, Broadcloths, Bril-
liantines, Kerseys,
Silkdowns. Every yard
guaranteed. Express
charges paid. Write for
samples and catalogue.

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,

203 Main St., Somerville, N. J.

784

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

October 28,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yorker, October 28, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Saving Seed Corn in Iowa . 773,

The Land of Cow Peas and Clover .

The Simple Life on a Farm .

White Grubs and Potatoes, .

Short Hints About Drainage .

Sweet Potatoes Go to Strings.,,, .

The Culture of Beans . . . •. . .

A Parmer’s Notes .

I i ope Fa rm Notes .

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Experience With Balk.v Horses .

Getting Rid of Hen Lice .

Sunflower Seed for Fowls .

'Treatment for the Pip .

Outbreak of Roup .

TO Fatten Young Poultry .

Morgan Horses . ’ .

Something About Ferrets . .

Percheron Stallion Gov, 'Peddy .

Cow Gives Bloody Milk . ' .

Feeding Apples to Cows .

A Farrow Cow .

Reviving an Old Pasture .

How to Feed Cows .

Cow Gives Bitter Milk . ”

774

774

775
775
775
770
770
777
779

773

7S5

785

785

785

780

780

780

787

787

787

787

787

787

787

HORTICULTURE.

American Pomological Society, Part III. 774

Scraper for Apple Trees . 770

Whitewash for Trees . 770

Keeping Tomatoes . 770

Planting Blackcaps . 770

Hudson Valley Fruit . 770

Gardening in Public Schools . 777

Ituralisms . 778

Apple Notes from a Dairy Section....... 781

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 782

The Rural Patterns . 782

Uses for Kerosene . 783

charity Sweetheart’s Letters . 783

The Bookshelf . 783

MISCELLANEOUS.

Big Stories Boiled Down . 775

Silk Culture in the South . 770

Products, Prices and Trade . 777

Editorials . 780

Events of the Week . 781

Business Bits . 781

Publisher's Desk . 785

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending October 21, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth —
No. 1. hard. Mnnitrkhn

@ 95%
@ 94%
@ 93%
@ 60
@ 34

frt] rss

No. 2, red, for export. . .
Corn .

. . . —

Oats .

Rye .

Barley .

@ 50

@21.00
(<t 1 7.50
@ 28.00
@30.00

FEED.

Middlings .

Spring Bran .

Cottonseed meal .

Linseed meiil

GRASS SEEDS.

New York retail prices.

Timothy, bu .

Red Top, bu .

Kentucky Blue Grass, bu . . .

@3.00

@1.40

@2.35

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . . . . . 15.00 @16.00

No. 2... . — (n 14.00

Clover, mixed .

. 12.00

l

(d 1 3 00

( ’lover .

@ 1 2.50

Straw, Long rye .

. 15.00

@16.00

Short and Oat .

. 10.00

@11.00

MILK.

N. Y Exchange price $1.51 per 40.quart
can, netting three cents per quart in 26-cent
zone points where there are no extra sta¬
tion charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, first quality .

99

@ 22%

Lower grades .

. 1 6 % @ 20

Slate Dairy .

. 16% @ 21

Imitation Creamery .

. 17

@ 19

Factory . .

• 16% @ 17%

Renovated .

. 15

@ 20

Packing Stock .

. 15

@ 17%

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

—

@ 11 %

Fair to choice .

—

@ 10%

Light skims .

9% @ 10

Full skims .

9

%@ 3%

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

. 30

@ 32

Selected, white, choice .

@ 29

Mixed, extra .

. 25

@ 26

Nearby, fair to good .

99

@ 24

Western and southern .

. 17

m 22

Refrigerator .

. 17

. @ 21

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, Evap., 1904, com. to

prime .

. 5

@ 8

Sun dried. 1904 .

4

@ 5

Sun dried, 1905. southern.

^ -

@ 4

Raspberries. 1905 .

@ 26

Cherries, 1905 .

@ 14

Blackberries, 1 905 .

@ 8%

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Alexander. .

@4.20

Gravenstein .

@7.50

Wealthy .

@3.50

Maiden Blush.- .

. 2.0(1

@3.00

Fall Pippin . .

. 2.00

@3.00

Baldwin .

.1.75

@3.00

Hubbardston .

@2.50

Greening .

.2.00

@4.00

Culls and windfalls .

. 1 .00

@2.00

Pears, Seckel and Bartlett. .

@6.00

Bose .

@4.00

Clairgeau .

@3.00

Anion .

@35.0

Louise Bonne .

@3.00

Kieffer .

.1.00

@2.00

Plums. 8-lb. bkt .

. 25

@ 50

Peaches. % bu. bkt .

. -

@ 25

Grapes, 18-lb. case .

. 50

@> 90

4-lb. basket .

9

@ 14

Cranberries, bbl .

.6.00

@8.00

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu . 3.50 @6.00

llickorynuts, bu . ,1,50 @2.00

Butternuts, bu . . — @ 75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, L. I., 180 lbs . 2.00

State & Jersey, round sorts. 1.75

I.ong kinds . 1.65

Sweet potatoes, bbl . 1.12

Brussels sprouts, quart . 6

Beets, 100 bunches . 75

Carrots, bbl . 75

Cabbage, 100 . 2.50

Celery, dozen . 15

Cucumbers, bbl . 2.00

Corn, 100 . 50

Cauliflowers, bbl . 50

Eggplants, bbl . 75

Lettuce, dozen . 10

Lima Beans, bu . 1.25

Onions, Conn., white, bbl.... 3. 00

Conn., yellow . 1.50

Conn., red . 1.50

Orange Co., yellow, bag.... 1.50

Orange Co., red . 1.25

Long Island, bbl . 1.50

Ohio, white, bu . 1.00

Peppers, bbl . 75

Spinach, bbl . 50

Squash, Hubbard, bbl . 50

Marrow . 40

Turnips, Ruta baga, bbl . 60

Tomatoes, bu . 25

BEANS.

Marrow .

Medium .

Pea .

Red kidney .

Yellpw Eye .

HOPS.

N. Y. State choice .

Common to prime .

German, 1905 .

2.00
1 .65
1.80

16

30

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . — ■

Fowls .

Roosters . —

Turkeys . ~

Ducks, pair . 60

Geese, pair . It 2

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb . —

Old Turkeys . L5

Chickens, fey. broilers, 11>.... 22

Fair to choice . 16

Prime roasters . —

Fair to good . *•>

Fowls . I?

Ducks . 14

Geese .

Squabs, prime, dozen . -.mj

Mixed and dark .

<5 2.12
@2.00
(a 1,90
@ 1.75
fa 1 2
@1.00
(a 1.25
( <i 3.50
@ 50
(a 1 0.00
Cl 1.50
(a 1 .75
@ 1 .25
(a 50
@2.50
@ 5.50
@ 2.25
Cl 2.00

ci 2.00
(a 1 .75
@2.00
@ 1 .50
@1.25 '
@ 75
(a 7 5
@ 60
@ 90

@1.00

@ 2.85
@2.00
@ 1 .75
<8 2.05
@1.85

@ 23
@ 20
@ 40

@ 13%
@ 1 4
@ 9%

@ 14
@ 80
@1.62
@ 20

@ 22
@ 20
@ 24

@ 20
ci 23
@ 21
@ 15

Cl 1 i
@ 20
@ 3.00
@2.25

COUNTRY-DRESSED

leal, calves, lb .

Pork .

Roasting Pigs .

MEATS.

. — @
7 @

. 10 @

12

9

13

LIVE STOCK.

Native Steers, 100 lbs .

Oxen and stags .

Bulls .

Cows .

Milch cows with calves....:

Calves, veal .

Culls .

Sheep .

Lambs .

.4.25
. 2.50
.2.50
.1.40
25.00
. 5.00
. 3.00
.3.50
. 6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots,

bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda . —

Muriate of Potash . —

Acid Phosphate . —

Kainit .

Dried Blood .

@5.25
@4.32
@3.75
@3.60
(a 55.00
@9.50
Ci 4.50
@5.25
@8.00

Single

@50.00
@42.00
@ 14.00
@ 1 2.00
@52.00

Pumping Distant Water — I was interest¬
ed in reading on page 674 in regard to pump¬
ing water from a distance. Fifteen years
ago it was very dry, and the well which sup¬
plies the barn with water failed. I expected
every dav that we would have rain, but the
first' of December came and no rain. I de¬
cided then to bring water from a spring in
the pasture, about 440 feet from where I
wanted the pump in the barn, and about 18
feet lower. I used 1 Vi-inch galvanized iron
pipe and put 3% to four feet deep. I laid
it straight and as near an even grade as I
could : used a % elbow to corner on the south
side of barn, and one % elbow to come up
into barn where the pump was to be. As we
had to dig through hard clay we did not get
along verv fast, and the ground freezing
every night, I laid the pipe before the trench
was all dug. and filled in with horse and
scraper as we went along. The better way
would be to lay the pipe and put on the
pump and see if the pipe is tight, because a
pipe which water is drawn through must be
perfectly tight or the water will run back.
I had laid a great deal of pipe for steam and
water, and thought I could make it tight. 1
put on a No. 2 copper pump and brought the
water, and for 15 years have never had any
trouble. There is no chance for a foot valve
and there is no check valve in the pipe, and
there is no need of any, if the bottom box and
valve of the pump is tight and it is much
easier to keep them tight than a foot or check
valve which is under water or ground. The
pump works easily, and we pump a wooden
•pail as full as one can carry it with 10 or 12
strokes. When the pump has not been used
for some time it takes two or three strokes
more to fill a pail once or twice, but we never
have to prime it. and water comes with the
first stroke. Water pipe should always be
laid on an even grade, so the water can be
let back into the well, if there is any need
of doing so on account of cold weather to
prevent freezing or to prevent air gathering
in the pipe. w e. rines.

WANT TO KNOW ,

Early Potato Varieties <

F. A. W., Oswego Co., AT. Y. — Will some of
the readers of your paper who have had ex¬
perience in raising early potatoes tell me
what varieties they consider the earliest
and best yielders?

R. N.-Y. — Will readers please answer
this, giving the character of the soil and
stating whether sod is used for potato
ground or manure or fertilizer used?

Canada Thistle. — Noticing the inquiry
on page 665 on destroying Canada thistles,
1 will give my way, which is very easy and
effectual. I merely wait until they are in
full blossom, but not late enough to have
the seeds ripen, and then cut them off close
to the ground. The same plan will end bur¬
docks. As to getting rid of ants, we scatter
a quantity of Persian insect powder around
the edges of shelves, so they cannot get in
without crossing it, and leave for three days,
when the plague is ended. j. v. h. n.

Ulster Co.. N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

II

Fourteen years of
satisfactory ser¬
vice and severe tests in every climate
on the globe have made Ruberoid the
standard by which roofing quality is
judged. Its efficiency, dependabil¬
ity, and durability excel those of
shingles and metal, the cost is less,
and any handy man can apply it.
Write for samples and booklet “R”,

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MANUFACTURERS.

IOO William Street, New York.

BURN AIR-IT’S CHEAP

Consumes 896 Barrels of Air to 1 gallon
of Kerosene. Penny fuel, burns like gas,
hottest tire, won’t explode, eaves work and
fuel bills. No coal, wood, dirt, Bshes— no
wick, no valves, easy operated,
handsome, durable. Ideal for
cooking, roasting, baking,
ironing, also for heating
houses, stores, rooms, etc.,
with radiating attachment.
tfV 13000 Harrison Wiekless
*— F Valveless Oil-Gas and Air
Burners soldi month. Agents Wanted-$i40 Weekly.

GREATEST". MONEY MAKER — Guaranteed, all sizes, sent any-
where, $3 up. Write Free preposition, 30 day trial oft'er. Address
only ui.gi s. WORLDdVlFG. CO., 5909 World B’ld’g* Cincinnati, O,

FOR SALE

A farm with milk route where
milk bring 8 cents per quart,
and a good retail market for
everything in proportion. Write for particulars to
WOODSIDE DAIRY, Clinton, Conn.

00 TONS HAY, 14 cows, 4 heifers, pair horses, 25
hens. 12 cords stove wood, corn, potatoes, oats, tools
and machinery, all included with this productive 200-
acre dairy farm; good orchard; 1,500 cords wood can
be sold; to close estate quickly, price for everything
only $0,000, half cash; picture of house and barns, with
full details and "Strout's Special List,” just out, de¬
scribing and illustrating hundreds of MONEY MAK¬
ING FARMS throughout New England, New Jersey,
and Delaware, mailed free. E. A. STROUT, Farm
Dept. 42, 150 Nassau St., New York City, or 88 Broad
St., Boston, Mass.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

WANTED

a good and reliable man of good habits, to assist in
farm work and help to take the farm products to
market and sell the same once or twice a week. Live
in a good locality on the Atlantic coast. Permanent
job for an industrious and honorable man. married
or single, any time within ninety days. Address

A. FARMER, Oceana, Princess Anne Co., Va.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you wantHay. Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices: send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards- Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New York.

GEO. P HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter. Eggs. Cheese. Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited’

34 & 36 Little 12th St., New York.

WANTED.

Apples Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,’

229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES:

lame,

1 Poultry

Mushrooms,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs, I

Fancy Eggs,

DUS1NESS MANAGER WANTED in every
town to manage branch office and superintend
force of salesmen; big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can be managed with other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. YV ILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen,
Newark, New Y’ork, Dept. A.

A T T P IV] T I M -N eeding male

M ■ help of any kind,

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

rHAS, E. ELLISON, Waynesboro, Ya. Head¬
quarters for ground Tobacco Stems.

COD DENT line farm in Carroll Co. Md.,
lUll null I ■ 200 acres; 00 beingmeadow; well
watered by springs and two streams; ample farm
buildings and bay barracks; new tenant bouse; wells
at tenant house and barn. Possession at any time;
money rent. The mansion, 21 room fully furnished,
would be let witli farm to a suitable tenant. Trolley
between Baltimore and Frederick will be running a
mile from farm within a year. A. P. GORDON-
CUMM1NG, Freedom, Carroll County, Md.

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

XX. F, SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

VIRGINIA FARMS

$8 per Acre and up

with improvements. Good productive soil, abundant
water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail¬
road and good markets with best church, school anil
social advantages. For list of farms, excursion rates
and our beautiful pamphlet showing what others
have accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LA
BAUME, Agrl. and Indl. Agt., Norfolk & Western
Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM,

LAFAYETTE, INDIANA.

J. CROUCH & SON, Proprietors

Largest Importers of Oldenburg German Coach, Percheron and Belgian
Stallions in America. Have Imported 357 head in the last fifteen months.
We won all possible prizes shown for and Grand Championship with
our German Poachers and Belgians at the Lewis & Clark Exposition,

_ Portland, Oregon, at the American Royal Live Stock Show, Kansas City,

Missouri, and at the Toronto Exposition at Toronto, Canada, and all the leading State Fairs and Horse
Shows in the United States in the last two years. We have the prize winners of the world and our prices
are no higher than others. Write us for further information. J. CROUCH & SON, LaFayette,
Indiana, Staunton, Virginia and Nashville, Tennessee.

We have jast received in our Barns from Europe, IOO Head of HIGH CLASS GERMAN
COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN STALLIONS.

BUILD UP Ttre^mwith'1

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent in vigor at or
Hs for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

785

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The details of a very slick real estate
proposition have jusf reached us from the
State of South Carolina. A bond and
security company of New York City has
been corresponding with a farmer in that
State for the purchase of a farm and all
its chattels. The negotiation finally
reached a stage where the farmer is en¬
couraged to believe that a sale is prac¬
tically made, though, of course, no con¬
tract or agreement is yet made. The
New York concern, however, alleges that
it represents the buyer, and now proposes
that the farmer send them in advance $-550
to cover fee of expert who is to go to
the farm and check up the inventories
and estimate values. This expert is to
represent the purchaser.

We do not call this a confidence game.
It may not be, but if a sharper wanted to
work a confidence game this plan of opera¬
tion would no doubt appeal to him. In
any event, the New York man would have
his $350, if the farmer sent it to him, and
he could then take a very nice southern
trip at the farmer’s expense. The ad¬
vance fee would be sufficient to afford a
first-class ticket, parlor car accommoda¬
tions and swell hotel accommodation.
After he got there it would be the easiest
thing in the world to dispute the value of
the property, and refuse to make the pur¬
chase. The expert would have had a
$350 outing, and the farmer would have
had a $350 lesson. But if the alleged ex¬
pert failed to make the visit at all the
farmer would be little better off. What
possible redress would he have in such a
case? The strangest thing about it is
that a farmer should consider such a prop¬
osition for a single moment.

GETTING RID OF HEN LICE.

If a person should buy hens from a place
that was infested with lice and mites, would
running the hens through a lice killing ma¬
chine insure their not bringing lice or mites
to their new home? s. w. w.

We should say not. While the '“ma¬
chine” might kill most of the insects
there would be eggs left to hatch out.
We do not see that anyone could "guar¬
antee” such birds as free from insects.
By “machine” we presume you mean a
box or barrel in which the hens are placed
with insect powder and turned over and
over like a churn.

SUNFLOWER SEED FOR FOWLS.

What about sunflowers as food for pullets
and for hens after the moulting season is
over? In what quantity should they be fed,
and what is the best method of harvesting
them ? M. it. s.

Silver Springs, Md.

We like to feed about one-fifth of the
total ration of sunflower seed. The best
way to get the seed is to cut off the
heads when ripe and haul them to a dry
ventilated place. They can be fed by
throwing the entire head for the hens to
pick out the seed, or the seed can be
knocked out of the head by a stick or flail.

NOTES ON CHICKEN DISEASES.
Treatment for the Pip.

Will you tell me the best cure for chickens
having the pip?

I’leasantville, N. ,T.

Pip is a catarrhal inflammation of the
mouth, and not a disease in itself, but a
symptom of some other derangement. It
may be compared with the furry tongue of
the human race, seen when digestion is
imperfect. In many cases pip is caused
by breathing through the mouth, on ac¬
count of some obstruction of the nasal air
passages. First treat the cause. Vary
the food, add some pulverized charcoal to
the mash, provide roosting places free
from drafts. Do not tear the scaly skin
from the tongue. Doing so is cruel and
injurious. Moisten the tongue often with
equal parts glycerine and water. If there
is much deposit on the tongue add 20
grains of chlorate of potash to the mix¬
ture. This is perfectly harmless. Un¬
less there is some serious disease of the
organs of respiration the fowls will rap¬

idly get better. The evil reputation of
the disease or affection generally called
pip is largely due to two causes. It fre¬
quently accompanies severe diseases as
roup, etc., and the treatment often given
has been to tear the thickened skin from
the tongue, simply aggravating matters
and injuring the bird. As stated above,
pip is a symptom and not a disease of it¬
self.

Outbreak of Roup

For the last few days my chickens -have
begun to droop. They have a roaring in
their heads, running at the nostrils, thick
yellow matter ; seem to be choked. I hear
them breathing at a distance. Their heads
are red. They are fat and some are laying.
I am at a loss to know what to do for my
chickens, as this is the Urst d.sease they
have ever had. The old hens, roosters and
pullets all have it. I very uneasy about my
turkeys, as I have a line lot. What is it?

South Park, Ky. m. j. b.

The birds either have severe catarrh or
an attack of roup. Read the paragraph
in “The Business Hen” on the subject.
Keep the turkeys and any birds not af¬
fected separate : use disinfectants freely
in the house. Bury deeply, or better yet,
burn the carcasses of any dying. Inject
a two-per-cent solution of carbolic acid
or creolin into the nostrils and roof of
mouth with a syringe, or even a machine
oil can. Feed sparingly during treat¬
ment. Whitewash the house to destroy
the spores of the disease, and thus pre¬
vent further infection. h. j.

Yvhen you write advertisers mention Tub
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a Tjuick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

SCOTT’S EMULSION
is more than a fat food.
There is no animal fat
that compares with it in
nourishing- and building
up the wasted, emaciated
body. That is why chil¬
dren and anaemic girls
thrive and grow fat upon
it. That is why persons
with consumptive tenden¬
cies gain flesh and
strength enough to check
the progress of the dis¬
ease.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Wage Earners CtL
Pay You . . . 9 /u

$25 upward, with-
drawabl© on 30
days’ notice.
Investments bear earn¬
ings from day receivec
to day withdrawn.

Supervised by New rork
Banking Department.

QL'K LOANS are secured
^ by mortgages ou suburban
homes owned by ambitious
wage-earners, paying all inter¬
est and part principle monthly.
You would choose such invest¬
ments for SAFETY. We put
them within your reach, paying
5 p. c. per annum on sums large
or small PttOM DAY OF RE¬
CEIPT TO DATE OF WITH¬
DRAWAL. Conservative In-
vasters will appreciate a plan
affording all the security and
profit without the annoyance
of individual mortgage loans.
Write for particulars.

Assets, . . . . $1,700,000

Surplus ami Profits, . $160,000
Industrial Savings aud Loan Co.
5 Times Bl’d’g, B’wy , N.Y. CItyJ

DEATH TO HEAVES

NKWTON’8 Heave, Cough, Dl.
temper aud Indigestion Care.
A veterinary specific for wind,
f throat and stomach troubles.
Strong fcommenda. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.
The Newton Remedy Cu..
Toledo, Ohio.

Only Sure Cure.
Positive and Permanent.
Absolutely Pure.

$1.00 Package cures any
ordinary case.

$3.00 Package cures any
case or money refunded.
Sent postpaid on receipt
of price. Agents Want¬
ed. liberal terms.

Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

t/>

h

U

in

CM

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

01

o

H

0)

THE EXTERNAL USE OF

St. J acobs Oil

is the short, sure, easy cure for

Rheumatism

and

Neuralgia

It penetrates to the seat
of torture, and relief
promptly follows.

Price, 25c. and 50c.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

has been used by I

children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best (
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville,Conn.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHIOX

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
ForestviUe, Conn.

WM&

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE

AllNo. 9 Steel Wire. Well Galvanized. Weighs]
% more than most fences. 1 <» to 85c per rod
delivered. We sell all kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show- _

[ llOstyles. The Brown Fence aud^
Wire Do., Cleveland, Ohio*

ANCHOR FENCE

means fence satisfac¬
tion. It means a fence
easy to put up, chat is
made right and that
lasts. Sold to you at manu¬
facturer's price. Semi to-day for Catalog
The Anchor Fence & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.

POULTRY FENCE

that keeps stock out of your poul¬
try yard, stands up stiff on few
posts and requires no top rail or
bottom board, is our specialty.
You can’t afford to buy poultry
fencing without knowing more
about the PAUE. Write us. ,

Page Woven Wire Fence Co.,Box 773, Adrian, Mich.

Ij

h

k

Wire F ence 9Qc

48-in. stock fence per rod only
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire,
Catalog offences, toolsand supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

EAP HEN-FOOD

Is £reen bone fresh cut. Rich f n protein and
I all other egg elements. Its egg producing
| value is four times that of grain. The eggs
are more fertile, chicks more vigorous, fowls
heavier. This makes green bone cheap food.

Mann’s Latest Model Bone Cutter.

Outsail bone, meat and gristle. Never clogs. 10 DAYS
FREE TRIAL. No money in advance. Cat'lgfree.

F. W. MANN CO., Box IB, MILFORD, MASS.

DAIII TD 't#w°oooooo

ruUL I n feasts:!

>POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— ,
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you,
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the,
jasking— it's worth having.

• Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

O Dept. H.G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. {

OOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOC!

N EGG FACTORY

A » „ _

™ “materials to keep going to its full
capacity. HARVEY’S Electric
Poultry Food will keep your hens busy in
winter when eggs are high— lots more money
in winter eggs; you ought to feed for it.
Write for our free catalogue — tells how.
Harvey Seed Co., 88 Elllcott St., Buffalo,??. Y.

SQUABS

are raised in one month: " j f/W \
bring big prices. Money

makers for poultrymen,
farmers, women.

Send for our Frkf. Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence inviteddYB

(^Plymouth Rock Squab Co., V^7
335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

90

pVar s Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Kates free. J A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N.Y.

DOSE COMB BROWN LEGHORNS. Cocker
l' els from prize winning stock for sale reasonable.
Fine large birds from an especially good laying strain.
Money refunded, if not satisfactory.

ERNEST R. SPENCER, Meriden. Conn. "

250

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORN
COCKERELS, 75c. each, if ordered im¬
mediately. R. B. Pusey. Princess Anne. Md

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old. $1 each. Cata-
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER. R.D.41. Weedsport, N.Y.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

Well developed Cockerels from stock bred foi laying,
$1 each D. F. ARNOLD, Burlington Flats. N. Y.

WHITE WYANDOTTE* EXCLUSIVELY!

FOR SALE.— Fine large COCKERELS for breeding
purposes. E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N.Y.

BARGAINS IN

O. I. C. SWINE.

,T7^'2l?r Young Brood Sows, all eligible to registry.
Weigh about 100 pounds apiece. Kept for foundation
stock. Reason for selling, change of position.

Will sell all for $32.00; Separate, $9.00 apiece.

Also, 8 six-weeks-old PIGS Reasonable.

A. P. HOPLEB, Bartley, y. J.

RIIY WHEAT at once for Chickens and Pigeons,

UU I VVIII.nl Prices will be higher later, but I
need room. Get my quotations on choice Red Wheat,
“d lay in a supply for Winter. WILLIS R.
h-'O.v, 5 Newport Avenue, Intercourse, Pa

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

rtHfitlipric enlist before you buy

SHADY

— — - — v j . ... ^

FERRET FARM, New London, Oh

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.

Prices and Circular FREE.
Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, O.

AJVJAOATjlVJki/ AlVUU IViV UUA 1 3.

l a ns

■K trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAM
_ Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N.

A few more

extra fine ANGORA BUCKS,

Harris blood. Also, Good breeding DOES, not re¬
lated. Would like to exchange a few for registered
SHROPSHIRE BUCK and EWES.

WOODS FARM, Bath, N. H.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultryrnen's guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 500 illustrations. Describes

the dard Cyphers Incubators

price 16. 60 anil up, and SO Pcultrymen'e neceisltlet. Free
Ifyou seed addresses of two neighbors interested in good
ponitry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, hew York, Kansas
City or 8au Francisco.

R A DPpn HUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

uruyuLtiy, Roeks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County. Penna.

■je BUFF WYANDOTTE COCKERELS for sale
I v for October and November, at $1 to $1.50 each.
Well bred. April and May batched.

CHAS. I. MILLER, R. F. D. No. 1, Hudson. N. Y.

Choice Stock for Sa le.— Hocks. Wyandottes. Legho rn s
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS—Breeder

of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff and White
Rocks, R. O. and S. 0. W., B. and Buff Leghorns: W.
and B. Minorcas; Golden, Silver, Buff and W. Wyan¬
dottes; R. C. and S. C. Blue Andalusians, Hamburgs,
Anconas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna.

“ MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS.”

Let us know your wants. We have either sex, Old or
Young. From $1.00 to $3.00 each.
Lauderdale Farm, Loudonville, Albany Co., N. Y.

NEW HOTEL ALBERT

Cor. University Place and 11th Street,
NEW YORK CITY.

One Block West of Broadway. European Plan
The only absolutely, fire-proof transient hotel
below Twenty -third Street. First-class accom¬
modation at moderate rates. Rooms from
ONE DOLLAR per day up. One hundred
rooms, with private Bath, from TWO DOL¬
LARS per day up. Cuisine and service un¬
excelled.

L. FRENKEL, - ■> Proprietor.

786

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 28,

Live StockandDairy

TO FATTEN YOUNG POULTRY.

If you had 200 young cockerels which you
wanted to fatten and turn to good advan¬
tage, what would you do with them?

Some use mashes altogether. 1 use
mostly dry food, good cracked corn and
beef scraps, and some whole wheat ;
plenty of clean fresh water and good
grit. I feed three times a day, all they
will eat; plenty of exercise to digest the
food well and good clean houses to sleep
in. free from lice or mites, so they are
in a good healthy condition so they can
take on fat. G. h. s.

Illinois.

The only way you can do it is to place
them in narrow boxes with slats in front,
so they will have room to eat from a
trough, and stuff them. Put five or six
in a box ; feed them nothing but cooked
stuff. A good ration is wheat shorts and
Indian meal; put in a little salt to sea¬
son. also some beef meal. Do not boil
beef meal; mix it in afterwards. Young
birds will not fatten while growing and
running at large. Throw plenty of fine
coal ashes in the boxes and the birds will
keep clean. Your friends may have
other things to feed their chicks, but
cooked food is the most economical, and
from my experience the best to fatten them
with. G. w. T.

Kinderhook, N. Y.

If we had a lot of cockerels to fit for
market we would put Leghorn cockerels
in small pens, about 10 in a pen 4x5
feet, and feed them for two weeks on fine
oatmeal mash, with a small amount of
beef scraps mixed in feed. We get oats
ground and sift out the hulls or coarse
stuff. White Wyandotte cockerels or
any of the larger breeds we put in crates
and feed them 21 days on fine oatmeal.
Crates arc four feet long with a partition
in the middle, and we place four chick¬
ens in each part, have bottom of crate of
narrow s’ats to keep the birds clean, and
place crates two feet from the ground.
The chickens will put on from one to l'A
pound meat fed this way.

Niagara Co., N. Y. c. a. stevens.

If I had 200 young cockerels to be dis¬
posed of for eating purposes the first
thing I would do would be to sort them
into two pens. The strong ones and those
almost fit to kill I would put into fatten¬
ing coops or crates, six to one crate, the
crate made with the front and bottom of
slats and no extra room for them to

but ground feed is much better than
whole grain. If they seem to lose their
appetite a little give some green food once
a day if they desire it.

Pennsylvania. watson brodhead.

Morgan Horses. — In Grafton, Vt., there
was, till three years ago. a Morgan stallion
of pure hlood. There is one 28 years old
in Townsend. Vt.. still doing service. So
there are many Morgans of half hlood in
town, but none less than three years old.
They will weigh from 800 to 950. some a
little more, and sell at $100 to $150. They
are the best horses for Vermont — hardy,
kind, active and intelligent. Their small
size, and the rage for “trotting horses,” has
almost, lost them to this section, c. n. e.

Something About Ferrets.— Their work
of destroying and clearing out rats is much
more effective than that of a rat dog or cat.
as ferrets can enter the rat holes, kill and
chase out the rats. To hunt rats, liberate
the ferrets where the rats are working. They
will soon enter the rat holes. He ready with
clubs to kill the. rats which escape from the
ferrets. After the ferrets have hunted an
hour or two. pick them up and put them
back in their pen. Give them a few such
hunts and the rats will all leave. Ferrets
make tine pets. They become as playful as
a kitten, and can be carried in your pocket
for chasing out rabbits. They are easily
cared for. A box three feet by four feet put
in a dry place makes a good home for a pair
of them. Bread and milk is a good food for
them. They cat almost anything a cat or a
dog will eat. Ferrets are very prolific, us¬
ually raising two litters of young each
year. These litters range in numbers from
five to 12. SAMUEL FARNSWORTH.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

TWO JERSEY BULLS

Nine months old. solid color. Dam’s butter record
24 lbs. in seven days. Large and fine. Two Heifers
seven months old. Dam’s record 19 and 22 lbs. in
seven days. Price low to quick buyer.

1KA P. WATSON, Fredonla, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock: ready for service: at fnrmer sprice.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

H

ICHLAWN FARM

HI6H CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Sou, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter tats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Largest and highest testing butter fat herd of reg¬
istered Holsteins in the world.

Service bulls, cows, male and female calves for sale
Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L, BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices or
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Dana’s«",h.li',:,EAR LABELS

stamped with any name or address with consecutive
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬
narians. Sample free. Agents Wanted.

(J. H. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N. H.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. Ho to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

Tlie greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs.
RIVKNBURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, Pougliquag, N. Y.

KENTUCKY JACKS

JL A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
wSWUlso, Spanish Bred Jacks.

■ fl Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
— and POLAND CHINA HOGS.

Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

nUCOUipCQ Some extra good young animals
onconintoi Delaine and Oxfords. Rams and
Ram Lambs. ED. S. HILL, Freeville. N Y.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
** ages: both sexes, from the right place

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville. N. Y.

I Will Book Your Order For

A JERSEY RED SOW

To Farrow in February. March or April, as you
may desire. Write me. FREE Catalogue.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. ,J.

nUROC-JERSEY PIGS and BRED SOWS. All
^ stock eligible to registry. Write for prices. Ad¬
dress, A. B. WOODHULL, Wading River, N Y.

DROTHERTOWN FARMS- HAVE FOR SALE
° THOROUGHBRED IMPROVED

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS

(both sexes), 4 to 6 weeks old, at $5 each. The foun¬
dation for this herd came from two of the best Cana¬
dian breeders. For full information, address

QUENTIN McADAM, Prop., Utica. N. V.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin: Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

F. J. SCHWA t

. RTZ, East Pliarsalia, N. Y.

Large English Berkshires, $5 each; pairs not related.
$9 50. 9 Shropshire Ewes cheap. B. P. Rock and Buff
Orpington cockerels $1 up. W.A. Lothers, Lack. Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE

ENGLISH BERKSHIRES,

The long, broad, low down kind that get big quick:
large litter of even-sized pigs. Choice selections
from stock of all ages. Agents wanted in every
county for our Special Swine Conditioner: it's a
great thing.

HENNA BERKSHIRE Co , Fannettsburg.Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

QUDnDCllIQE DAM? Prize winners. Ini
OnnUroninL nHIYIOi ported and home bred.

Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS, K. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred, big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swme and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT. Proprietor, Ravenna, Oliio.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Sit

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12,are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N Y
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

If you are going *TC3T^^T .4^1 ■ | 1X*TTX!T BULL’ aDd will write ns
to buy a -A. J- ^ M JL 1 * J-K—L/XI just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

HROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co. , N. Y.

move around too much in. Place the
crates in rows in the shade, and high
enough off the ground so you will not
have to stoop to feed them. Fasten a
trough to the front of the crates so they
can reach it nicely, and feed coarse corn-
meal and wheat middlings mixed with
milk or water, all they will eat up clean.
Mix feed a little thin, but not sloppy,
and do not give much water to drink.
At first feed three times daily, until they
begin to get used to it, and then oftener.
Be careful at first, and do not feed too
much. There is danger of making them
a little sick, and thus lose time. Keep
them a little hungry until they get used
to it. It will take from two to three
weeks to bring them to their best. Watch
them very close at the end of two
weeks, and dispose of them as fast as they
are ready. By close attention this can be
done very nicely, and stock handled in
this way will produce the softest and
sweetest meat that can be had in the
poultry line. The rest of the flock can
be put in pens where they can move
around some ; pens better to be a little
dark, and not too many to one pen. Feed
the same as those in the crates for a
week, and then put them in crates and
handle the same as the first lot. Always
feed regularly. Other feeds can be used,

$1000. s CASH PREMIUMS

FOR MEN, WOMEN, GIRLS AND BOYS
WHO USE

“INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD”

For Hor6es, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Colts, Calves,
Lambs, or Pigs. You have as good a chance a*
anyone in earning one or more of these spot cash
premiums and you may receive several hundred
dollars without one cent of extra cost to you.
These 24 Cash Premiums are absolutely free for
our friends and customers who are feeding
“International Stock Food”.

If you have not received our complete list of these 24
premiums we will mail you one if you write to our office
and request it. The smallest premium is $25.00 cash and
the largest is $125.00 cash.

We will pay you 1500 in (aih if this engraving is not a correct (reproduction of the photograph of
this hog as sent us by Mr. Gasaway, said photograph being on file in our office for inspection.

A 1 150 LB. HOG RAPIDLY GROWING TO A 1 700 LB. HOG

International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear Sirs I enclose photograph of our big hog which is
39 inches high, 7% feet long and weighs 1150 pounds. This
hog is strong and active and we believe he will develop into a
1600 or 1700 pound hog with continued use of “International
Stock Food.” Yours truly, THOS. GASAWAY, Latham, Ill.

We Have Thousands Of Testimonials On File In Our Office And Will Pay Ton $1000 Cash
If They Were Not Writteu To D§ by Practical Farmers aud Stockbreeders.*^!

Dan Patch i:55i™Lithopph Free

This Splendid Picture is a Reproduction of a Photograph which was *aken by
our own artist. It is 18x24 and in Six Brilliant Colors. It is aa life like aa
if yon saw Dan coming down the track and shows him pacing a 1:05% clip
with every footoff of the ground. Every Farmer and Stockman should hava
a pictura of the Fastest harness horse that has ever appeared on earth. Dan
is in better shape than ever this year and will surely lower his own wonder¬
ful record. In his first public appearance this year ho paced a mile in
1:59j/£ at the Minnesota State Fair and he followed this up in four days with
a mile in 1 :57^, with the last quarter in :27 seconds, which is a 1 :50 gait.
Dan has been eating “International Stock Food" every day for three years
and it has given him better digestion and assimilation and more strength,
endurance and speed. He was not a champion when we bought him but
has broken eight world records since that time. &^DAK PATCH 1 IS
OWNED BY INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.-=®|

THIS BEAUTIFUL PICTURE MAILED FREE PREPAID IF YOU WRITE US

1»L— now MUCH STOCK OF ALL KINDS DO TOE OW N I

2nd.— NAME PAPER IN WHICH YOU SAW THIS OFFER.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

787

PERCHERON STALLION GOV. TEDDY

This horse, pictured on our first page.
Fig. 329, is owned by Eugene Baker, Jef¬
ferson Co., N. Y., who says :

“Gov. Teddy is five years old, 16 hands
high, weight 1,500 pounds. He has
broad, flat, clean bone and excellent feet.
Gov. Teddy possesses style and finish
rarely found in stallions of so large a
size, and is one of the most remarkable
actors ever seen. These rare combina¬
tions of finish, style and action have made
him the blue ribbon winner that he has
been ever since he was first presented at
Watertown. N. Y.. in his one-year-old
form.” _

COW GIVES BLOODY MILK .

What is the cause of cows giving bloody
milk? What is a good treatment for this?

Godard, Pa. J- S.

It may be traced to cows having gar¬
get, changes of rations, new milehers not
being cleaned by calf, and slight injuries
due to the udder being bruised by acci¬
dent. I should say that your trouble is
not chronic. If the udder appears to be
injured it should be milked out often
and be treated with a good hand-rubbing,
followed by an application of warm
water, or if the trouble seems due to
neglect, treat by removing the cause and
correct results will follow. s. H. D.

FEEDING APPLES TO COWS.

This is a great apple country, but there
is a prejudice against feeding apples to
mulch cows. Farmers say that it dries
them up. It seems that it would be a good
way to use the culls: feed is very high hero.
Alfalfa $10 per ton, $12 per ton pressed:
corn and cracked corn $1.40 per 100 : oats,
about the same : bran $1.25 and wheat
$1.50 per 100. Can anyone who lias ex¬
perience in feeding cows on apples give the
effect? o. E. f.

Canyon City. Col.

Apples make good feed for cows if fed
in small quantities at first ; begin with
three quarts at a feed, and gradually in¬
crease. In this way you can work the
cow up to half a bushel at a feed without
injury. If the cow is given all she will
eat at one time she will bloat and go
down. We call such a cow drunk, but
the scientific men claim that intoxication
is impossible from this cause. At any
rate the cow is very weary, stops giving
milk, and in some cases dies. When fed
in small quantities the milk flow increases
and the cow does well. We like to feed
some cornmeal when feeding apples. Be
careful not to feed large ones, or the
cow may choke.

MANCHESTER’S FARM AND DAIRY
NOTES.

A Farrow Cow.

I have a very good rather old cow that
calved in May. but as yet shows no sign of
breeding. Is there anything that can be
given her to prolong her period of useful¬
ness? __ M. W.

Let the cow remain farrow, as with
good care and even feed she will give a
good flow of milk for a long time. We
have just disposed of one of this kind
that had paid well for about two years.

Reviving an Old Pasture.

Will you tell me the best way to build up
a pasture- that has grown up to pines; been
cut off. but partially covered with pine
needles and moss. It cannot be plowed as
it is all knolls and hollows. C. D. O.

Norfolk. Mass.

I should try to burn off as many of the
needles and as much of the moss as pos¬
sible. as the kind of vegetation you want
will not thrive in either moss or pine
needles. If possible I should then go
over it after burning with a harrow. The
old-fashioned “A” or peg harrow will do
good work here, and after harrowing sow
in rye or barley ; anything to get a new
growth started. The ashes from the
burning will help to supply a little fer¬
tility. If the harrow will make no im¬
pression on the surface now burn and let
it lie until Spring ; then when frost be¬
gins to come out watch your opportunity
and when the top has thawed for an inch
or so. and it is hard underneath, go over
it then with a harrow. You will be sur¬
prised to see how much you can scratch

up just as frost is coming out. Then

sow on grass seed with considerable
clover, both Red and White. Some fer¬
tilizer put on at the same time will help,
as I imagine the soil is rather light. Be
sure to plow or prepare some kind of a
fire line before burning, as a good many
have got into trouble by starting such
fires and then getting it beyond control.

How to Feed Cows.

I have 11 milch cows which I expect to

winter. IIow can I get the best result

from them? How many times do you think
it best to feed hay per day? I have dry
cornstalks and give hominy feed and gluten.

Newington, Conn. c. B.

If your hay is good, early cut. I should
at least try the following plan: Feed

stalks once a day and in the morning, as
the cows are hungry then, and will be
more apt to clean them up. If possible
always cut them, and if convenient have
in a pile sufficient for one day’s feeding
the night before, and pour over these hot
water, covering them with an old blan¬
ket or sacks, so they will steam and
moisten through the night. Hominy and
gluten feed make a good grain food, but
are rather heavy. 1 should prefer to
lighten the grain by using some bran, say
two parts bran, two parts hominy and
three parts gluten feed, feeding from four
to nine pounds per day, depending upon
the milk given and how long since calv¬
ing. Divide the grain into two feeds for
morning and night. Feed grain first, then
stalks in the morning; then later, say
from 10 to 11 A. M., what hay they would
eat up clean ; at night grain and again
what hay they would eat. Such a ration

would figure out :

Protein Carbohy-

Fat

8 lbs. corn fodder..

. . . .20

d rates
2.77

.0!)

15 lbs. early cut hay

... . T •)

5.00

4 lbs. gluten feed . .

. . . .05

2.06

.11

3 lbs. hominy feed .

. . . .23

1.80

.24

2 wheat bran .

.81

.06

Total .

12.44

.82

This compares

favorably

with

the

standard ration.

Cow Gives Bitter Milk.

I have a cow that gives a lot of good,
rich milk, but she has a bad fault. She has
been fresh three or four times, and every
time I have to dry her up about three months
before calving, because her milk turns bit¬
ter. If it stands a day it is very bitter.
She gives a nice mess too. and gets the
same food and care as before. Is there any
remedy? e. d.

So. Frankfort, Mich.

To be frank with you I don’t know the
cause or the cure, but it is a fact that
cows often in the later period of milk
flow do give bitter milk. The fact that
the milk grows more bitter after standing
would lead one to think it was caused
by bacteria, their rapid growth making
the milk more bitter. If it is a bacterial
cause I fail to see why it only appears
two or three months before calving. If
it is caused by bacteria one remedy given
is to inject into the gland a solution of
boric acid after milking, 10 grains boric
acid to one ounce water. This can be
done with the present style milk-fever
outfits or by using a milking tube, a rub¬
ber tube three or four feet long and a
funnel, holding the funnel just above the

COW. H. G. MANCHESTER.

THE HARVEST

THAT NEVER ENDS.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

Through fall, winter, spring and summer the harvesting of
the “milk crop” continues year in and year out. The ever faithful
cow never fails to add a goodly sum to each year’s revenue from the
farm. Yet how little many do towards making the most of her
product. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are lost yearly by
cow owners through failure to employ a centrifugal cream separator
and thereby secure every particle of cream from the cow’s milk.
Over 650,000 D E LAVAL users are daily proving that the in¬
creased gain in the quantity and quality of the “milk crop” is
from $10. — to $15. — per cow each year when the

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR

is used, to sav nothing of the time and labor saved. Isn’t it
worth your while to investigate such a saving? If you own three
or more cows the practice of economy and good business methods
in the care of their product demands a DE LAVAL machine.
Remember that one will last from fifteen to twenty-five years,
and that it can be purchased upon such liberal terms that it will
earn its cost and more while you are paying for it. Illustrated
catalogue and full particulars sent free upon request. Write to-day.

A A A AAA A A A AAA

WWWWWW WWWWWW

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Druram St.,
SAN FKANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cortlandt Street ,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue
WINNIPEG.

WHICH DO
YOU WANT?

Tubular or Bucket Bowl?

Simple Bowl or Complicated?

Izzers or Hasbeens?

Waist Low Can or Head High Can?

Self Oiling or Oil Yourself?

Wash 3 Minute* or Wash Thirty?

All the Butter or Most All?

Best Butter or Medium Butter?
Tubulars are different, very differ¬
ent. Just one Tubular— the Sharpies.
All others make bucket bowls— can’t
make Tubulars because they are
patented. Ask for catalog Q-153.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAH. CHICAQO, ILL.

rprr QTflRY *nteres^ 40 evory farmer and his
• nCt wlUlll family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will be sent abso¬
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in October 7 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg. Co., 16 Chase Street. Milwaukee, Wis.

Steam

Is the reliable power. Don’t be
misled on the power question.
Don’t buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

^ A Leffel
) Engine.

’ The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horlsontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall¬
ing in, etc. We’ve been mak¬
ing these dependable farm
_ powerv for many years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of usesforsuch a power Let ua send you our
little book, "PowsrEconomy and Efficiency." Free.
JTh^amc^letfel^^0j^o^60^£Hnjjtl€ld^b

EXACT WEIGHT

STEEL LEVERS, DOUBLE BEAM, 6 TON 14 x 8

Wagon Scales

$25

On trial. Pay when satisfied.
TRUE WEIGHT CO.,

Box No. 5 BINGHAMTON N. Y

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grr-.nd Rapids, Mien. L. L. Conkey . Pnn.

ntbE

- to Ho**** «il1

3«=== — Ht.. Siodk Food “fd the mitriuoo m

w*. » , A itediae yr-. rv cent p»® ■* u— jAa eufl

cover ihc coil oi w rt|und tvejY iim« over

W. lor every dt*r ta

Food doOno* »nd eulhon1* _ -

th»

What It Says

Sue*.

j^oatmber i

Dr. Hess Stock Food is always sold under a positive
written guarantee. If it does not do all we say it will,
your money will be refunded. This guarantee is not a
"grand-stand play.” It is not put out with the belief that
anyor who is disappointed would rather say nothing than ask
for their money back. If anyone is not satisfied with the results
obtain d by feeding Dr. Hess Stock Food, we ask and expect that they
will g ' their money returned. We issue our guarantee to show that we,
who know Dr. Hess Stock Food better than anyone else, believe thoroughly
and sincerely in its efficiency.

DS HESS STOCK F£SD

was formulated by Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.), who is a physician, a veterinary surgeon and a
Stock feeder of long experience. The prescription was used by him in his private practice with
great success before the food was placed upon the market. Hence our faith in this preparation is
based, not upon theory, but experience. It is not a condimental food, but a scientific stock tonic and
laxative, that enables the system of tiie animal to convert a larger portion of the nutrition of the food
into solid flesh and fat. It shortens the feeding period of any animal 30 to 60 days. It also relieves the
minor stock ailments. Feed your hogs Dr. Hess St ck Food regularly as directed, disinfect the pens, bedding
and feeding places once a week with Instant Louie Killer, and if you have any loss from disease, this
positive written guarantee says that your money will be refunded.

h(t per lb. in 100 lb. sacks * | Except In Canada

9 25 pound pail $1.60. \

A tablespoonful per day for tho average hog. Less than a penny a day for horse, cow or steer. If your dealer cannotsupply you, we wfll.
Remember that from tile 1st to tho lOtU of each month, Dr. Hess will furnish veterinary advice and pre- I

■crlptions free if you will mention this paper, state what stock you have, also what stock food you have fed, and enclose
two cents for reply. In every package of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that entitles you to this free
service at any time. I

Dr. Hess Stock Book Free, if yon will mention this paper, state how much stock you have and what kind of stock

food you have used DR HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice

788

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 28, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BES .

MIXED PAINTS

AtWHOIiESAIiE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by tbe
Orange. Low prlce3 will surprise you.. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get oiilere for our ceieOrmeil 'lens
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baaing
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2S9, 81-33 Vesey St., New York

Monarch

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
sawmills, thresh¬
ers. Catalog free,
monarch Machinery Co., Room 161, 39 Ccrrtlandt St., New York.

Make
Hollow
Cement
_ Stone.

The new building material; cheaper and better than
brick, Btoneor wood and Is everlasting. Mould blocks
in perfect imitation of natural stoue. You can make
all the Btone needed for your own use and sell all
you can make at 100% profit. Materials everywhere
obtainable. No skilled labor required. Price low.
Machine pays for Itself on one building or barn base¬
ment. Sent on trial. Also mouldsforTanks, Cisterns,
Tile, etc 3end for catalogue.

W. E. DUNN & CO., 348 W. Fullerton Ave.. Chicago.

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning: are mad© light
by using Louden’s

Feed and Litter
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
through stablings, over switches and on
curved tracks. Kunseasy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above bead.
A labor and time saver — no baru complete
without it. Ask for
free catalog showing
such other specialties
as Hay Tools. Flexible
Barn Door Bangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Loudon Machinery Co,

38 Broadway,
Fairfield, Iowa

.msavgg

D0WDEN

POTATO

DIGGERS

The machines thatget all potatoes Ini

any kind of soil, deep or shallow, smooth or
rough. Delivered to pickers clean and sound.

Easily handled, strong and durable. Simplest and |
most practical machine made for potato harvesting.

Send for catalogue.

DOM'D EN MFC. CQ,, Box 522 Pralrlo City, la. I

THIS

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW
Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CZAltK’S Mbl. ACTION
CUTAWAY Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a May.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manuf ac-
s of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be ♦v>* hest made by anybody
^ . Write us.

| AETAL WHEEL CQ.

" AVAN A. ILL

HEEBNER’S FEED CUTTERS.

Feed all your fodder. By using Heebner's cutters with
thredder attachment the whole of the nutritious stock is cut,
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Vol. LXIV. No. 2910.

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 4. 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

EXPERIENCE WITH INOCULATED SOIL.

Do the Government *' Cultures " Pay ?

As readars know, the Agricultural Department at Wash¬
ington has sent out samples of “cultures" for experiment.
These cultures contain the bacteria needed by Alfalfa and
other legumes, and when started in water are to be used
on the seed or in the soil. There has been some question
about the value of this method, and we print the tirst of the
reports from farmers.

Success in California.

Last year I treated sufficient peas to sow about 80
acres, sowing some seed untreated. Part of the orchard
had been in peas before, some two and part three years,
and part had never had peas on it. 1 sowed some un¬
treated seed in two places where peas had grown and
in one place where none had ever been. Where peas had
grown before I could see no difference in any way, but
where no peas had ever been grown the difference was
wonderful. The treated peas grew twice as tall and
were a different color. I could readily see the difference
20 rods away.

j. H. VARE.

Los Angeles Co., Cal.

Apparently a Better
Stand.

I have a piece of
land, four acres, that is
very poor. It is what
is claimed to be made
land, piled up in a
mound, consisting of
gravel, stone (some
large ones), sand and
loam, very steep. I
have tried to get it to
take seed, but always
failed. This year the
Department sent me
the Red clover culture,
with directions (which
I followed). On July
8 1 sowed four bushels
of buckwheat on this
ground. The culture
was prepared ; 1 inocu¬
lated 20 pounds clover
seed, and had consid¬
erable of the culture
left. The year before
I had taken two wagon
loads of sandy loam
soil and put it under
my barn, and taken the
chicken manure from
the henhouse and com¬
posted it with the loam, and later had it applied to the
corn. I found that the boy had not taken the compost
out very clean. 1 scraped it up and shoveled it over
two or three times. It was nearly dust. I then took
what culture 1 had left and dampened this pile of dust,
working it over two or three times ; measured it up and
took it to the field. I. had 14 bushels. The plowed
ground had been harrowed over once. 1 then had this
dust spread on the four acres and harrowed again, then
sowed on four bushels of buckwheat, harrowed it over
once, then sowed my clover and Timothy seed ; then
had the ground bushed. Now the results; I got 15
bushels of buckwheat from the four acres. Parts of
it there was nothing to cut; a few scattering stalks of
buckwheat eight to 12 inches high. The young clover
stands thick and nice on this ground from two to six
inches high. Where the buckwheat was the poorest the
clover is the best. I. sowed an acre of millet at the
base of this hill about June 1, and seeded it with clover
and Timothy without the culture. T think the soil is
much better, but the clover makes a poor show. Per¬
haps my inoculating the seed and the ground may have

given the clover a better start. 1 shall put in this Fall
a few loads of loam to have dry next Spring to use in
sowing my clover seed. b. m. stone.

Wyoming Co., Pa.

Good Results in Indiana.

We see so much criticism about the Red clover bac¬
teria that I feel like saying a word in defense of it.
A year ago last Spring 1 received some of the bacteria
from the Department at Washington, and inoculated
some seed of the variety commonly known as Big Eng¬
lish clover. This seed was sown upon soil running
from light colored sugar-tree loam to one of very dark
color, upon which no clover had been for 20 years, and
where the vegetable matter had so gone out of it that*
it was exceedingly close and hard. Seeding was done
after the Spring rains were over. The poorer parts of
this soil were too poor to produce anything; even
beans refused to grow more than a finger length high.

Upon this soil the seed sown grew luxuriantly, and this
season produced an abundant crop, much of it running
above five feet in length on even the poorest soil, and
with much branched stems with every head filled with
seed. In further evidence of the beneficial effect of the
inoculated seed, I sowed a remnant of the same upon
an adjacent orchard this Spring and contiguous, a lot
of the same variety not inoculated, and the difference
in the two lots is so apparent that strangers wish to
know what makes it. The difference is all in favor
of the inoculated seed. There is also another question
that arises, and that is whether or not the bacteria is
responsible for such an abundant crop of seed, the crop
in this section being quite light this year, while mine is
heavier than any I have ever seen. This tends also to
lead up to the belief that in many of our fields the bac¬
teria is almost or entirely wanting, as evinced by the
poor stand and puny growth. E. j. walker.

R. N.-Y. — In our own experiments with Alfalfa we
have obtained far better results with the soil from our
old field than with the dried bacteria. This difference
is very evident.

Poor Results in Massachusetts.

I have read with much interest the several articles
on Alfalfa. As I suppose is to be expected, only those
who have been ultimately successful have so far de¬
scribed their methods. As a description of the methods
of an unsuccessful grower might be instructing as well
as serve as a basis for further discussion, I will describe
our .attempts. .We have tried a small field every year
for the past four or five years. Like other growers, we
are convinced that an abundance of lime is necessary.
We also use nitrogen liberally, and potash and phos¬
phoric acid very liberally. 1 his year’s field received
lime, manure and a mixture of sulphate of potash, dis¬
solved bone black and nitrate of soda, and we have
used about the same materials before. This last field
was, unlike any of our previous attempts and in
opposition to the advice of all Alfalfa growers, seeded
with a nurse crop of oats, and the Alfalfa now — four
months after sowing — looks the best of any we ever

had. We have tried
culture from the De¬
partment of Agricul¬
ture, and inoculated
soil from the Alfalfa
district in New York,
but have never ob¬
tained a growth of no¬
dules such as we find
on Red clover or Soy
beans. 1 would like to
know if Alfalfa any¬
where produces 50 or
100 nodules on the
roots of one plant, as
is often done by Soy
bean plants here. The
inoculated soil has
probably done a little
good, but the plots on
which the pure cul¬
tures have been used
have never been mate¬
rially different from
the adjoining plots on
which no culture was
used. Others tell of
Alfalfa thickening up,
but ours never does
that. While we often
get a fair stand on
seeding we never had
a year-old field that
was well stocked, and
usually by the first Fall
there will be many
spots where the weeds are ahead of the Alfalfa. We
have tried disking, but find that the weeds will stand
more rough treatment than will the Alfalfa. c.

Hampshire Co., Mass.

NOT ENOUGH WATER FOR POWER .

We have a spring SCO feet from our dwelling which Is
carried the entire distance in 1 Vi inch pipe, with a fall of
about 40 feet from head to house. We can construct s^mall
reservoir at the head, holding two or three barrels, possibly
more. Stream varies from more than pipe can carry in a
wet time to never less than a half inch in drought. Can
this be made to develop sufficient power to run a No. 5 I’.
S cream separator (capacity 350 pounds per hour), or a
40 gallon Fenner churn, which will, of course, never be
filled more than half full? We should not expect to run
both at once. We have a gasoline engine, but do not want
to use it for that purpose if water power can be made to do
the work. h. j. n.

Bradford, Ta.

Experiments conducted at the Wisconsin Agricultural
Experiment Station some years ago with a U. S. No. 5
separator showed, for three trials, that the total power

HALLOWEEN PREPARATIONS IN SOUTH JERSEY. Fig. 336.

79o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 4,

transmitted by the belt driving the machine was .15, .14
and .15 horse-power respectively. In these trials the
machine was in first-class running order and the amounts
of milk separated were 334 pounds, 309.6 pounds and
329 pounds respectively. This is the amount of power
necessary to maintain the machine in operation after it
has been brought up to speed. Considerably more power
would be required to start the machine. It would not,
however, be impracticable, if necessary, so to arrange
that the starting could be assisted by hand. Judging
from the experiments cited your correspondent could
not hope to get along with as little as .15 of a horse¬
power which could be directly transmitted to the belt,
allowing for all losses of power through the water
motor and through friction of the water flowing through
the pipe.

If it is assumed that a fall of fully 40 feet could be
secured between the spring and the water motor the
maximum horse-power which the V/2 inch pipe, running *
full, could be expected to deliver to tbe motor would not
exceed .168 horse-power. It is doubtful if any small
motor on the market, under the small head that would
be available here, for this quantity of water, would be
able to deliver to the separator more than one-half the
theoretical power possessed by the water on reaching
the motor. Your correspondent therefore cannot hope
to secure power enough from the direct discharge of
water from the 1TA inch pipe satisfactorily to drive a
separator. A reservoir constructed at the spring, no
matter how large, could not help the situation without
laying a larger pipe. It would be possible, but probably
not practicable on account of expense, to build a ^nk
in connection with the dairy which would hold water
enough to run a motor of sufficient power during one or
two hours’ work to enable the work of separating and
churning to be done. We see little encouragement for
thinking that this water supply can be economically used
for doing the work of driving the milk separator and the
churn. _ F. h. king.

THE LAND OF COW PEAS AND CLOVER.

Farming on the Delaware Peninsula.

Part II.

Mr. Allen prefers the Whippoorwill cow pea for hay
and forage. It holds its leaves well, and the grain does
not shell out. He showed me an improved Whippoor¬
will which gives more grain, but drops its leaves early.
While the old Whippoorwill was covered with green
leaves the improved was quite bare. Some years ago
most Delaware farmers seemed to use the cow peas
largely for green manure, plowing most of the vines
under or leaving them on the soil. Now I should say
that the tendency is to cut the vines for hay and work
under the stubble. Where the vines are left they are
not usually plowed under in the Fall, but are left until
Spring, when they look like little sticks on the ground.
In the Spring they are worked under with a disk har¬
row, the light, open soil offering good opportunities for
this tool. A good crop of cow peas looks not unlike
a tangle of Lima beans not on poles. When these vines
rot on the ground it is hard for a farmer to realize that
they have any fertilizing value. I have known cases
where farmers became so disgusted at the appearance
of the few sticks that were left in Spring that they
paid no attention to them, and the credit for a good
yield which followed was actually given to something
else.

Crimson clover is still largely used on the Peninsula.

I saw many fields of it growing alone, after melons or
tomatoes, or in orchards, while cornfields were green
with it. There seems to be in the minds of many peo¬
ple a curious mix-up about Crimson clover. It is an
annual plant like corn, and grows best in cool weather.
Red clover, as we ill know, lives two years or more.

If we can keep cutting it before the seed forms we
might keep it growing for years. Crimson, on the other
hand, makes its growth in eight months or so and then
dies. If Crimson is seeded in the Spring it will make
a growth of a few inches, and then when hot weather
comes make its seed and die. It is best seeded in late
Summer or early Fall. It makes a vigorous growth
until the ground freezes, and starts again in Spring.
During May it ripens, and may be cut for hay, pastured
or plowed under for manure. In Delaware the Crimson
is used very successfully to follow crops like melons,
tomatoes or corn. Before these crops are fully mature
the .Crimson can be seeded among- the plants, and
get a fair start. Then when the early crop is taken
off the Crimson clover occupies the land during the
Fall. The Delaware Station figures that an acre of
Crimson clover contained in vine and roots 108 pounds
of nitrogen, 58.2 of potash and 23.9 of phosphoric acid,
a large part of the nitrogen being a clear gain to the
soil, and part of remainder saved, since it would have
been leached away had there been no crop growing
through the Fall.

It is no wonder that when farmers realize this their
cornfields are now green with Crimson clover. The
seed is usually sown at the last cultivation of the corn,

and after the corn is cut the Crimson holds the soil
until early May. I have seen fields where corn has
been grown year after year on the same ground with
Crimson clover between two corn crops. The yield has
steaddy increased until the light sandy soil has been
made to produce as large a yield of grain as the rich
soil of the Mississippi Valley. In other words, Crim¬
son clover gives to old $30 land the power to produce

WESTERN CORNFIELD SCENE. Fig. 337.

as much corn as $100 land in the West! It will be
seen that no fair comparison can be made between cow
peas and Crimson clover. The pea is a hot weather
crop, while the clover does best in cool weather. The
cow pea will make a fair growth on land so poor that
Crimson clover would barely sprout on it. A farmer
can take a poor piece of land and sow cow peas in May.
The vines may be plowed under in September, and
Crimson clover seeded with fair hope of a crop, and
the following Spring corn may be planted and produce
a good yield.

Crimson clover has given better satisfaction at the
North than cow peas when farmers .understand its habit
and limitations. I have known farmers to find fault
because when they sowed it in the Fall with Timothy
it killed out much of the grass and refused to grow
after going to seed. Others have complained because
when they seeded it on the wheat in Spring as they do
Red clover, they saw little of it again. In northern New
Jersey we have succeeded eight times out of 10 in secur¬
ing a good stand of Crimson and carrying it through
the Winter. The danger point is in March, when the
heave and settle of alternate freeze and thaw often
pulls the clover up until it dries out. We have had
best results by mixing seed of Cow-horn turnips with
the Crimson clover. The crop is well worth trying at
the North for a Fall cover and Spring manurial crop,
but it does better in the South. Another crop now
working into many places on the Peninsula is the Soy
bean. I saw a fine field of this at Mr. Allen’s place.
While the cow pea sprawls on the ground the Soy bean
stands erect and makes a good height. This makes it
easier to cut and cure. The dried Soy bean vines will

“TIP” PLANT OF BLACK RASPBERRY. Much Reduced.

Fig. 338.

make excellent hay for horses, and the yield will prob¬
ably average heavier than cow-pea vines. The bean
seems to require a richer soil, and needs a longer grow¬
ing season. The Delaware Station estimated that an
acre of Soy beans furnishes in top and root 140.2
pounds of nitrogen, 4S pounds of potash and 40.2 pounds
of phosphoric acid. This is a better showing than the
cow peas made, but the latter will grow on poorer soil,
and will make their growth in less time. For the North
the Soy bean seems the more desirable plant, but it does

not seem likely to supersede the cow pea at the South.
The Delaware Station has tried several combinations of
seeds, such as Soy beans and Cow-horn turnips together,
or sorghum and Crimson clover. The turnip is not gen¬
erally regarded as a manurial plant, yet it was estimated
that an acre of Cow-horn turnips furnished 109.1 pounds
of nitrogen, 42.7 pounds of potash and 25.9 pounds of
phosphoric acid ! All these crops are at their be-st in the
light open soil of the Peninsula, and the fact that they
will grow so well is perhaps the greatest natural advan¬
tage of that section.

A northern farmer would be astonished at the corn
which grows on this light soil. Where Crimson
clover has been plowed under the stalks stand nine feet
or more in height, with long, plump ears. I saw one
field where a crop of Crimson clover was grown for the
seed. After this was cut a new crop came up. This
made a quick growth, and was plowed under for corn.
This corn looked as if it would give at least 90 bushels
of grain per acre, and another crop of Crimson was
growing in it ready for next year’s crop of tomatoes,
strawberries or melons !

Many cornfields are “topped”; that is, all the stalk
above the ear is cut off, bound in bundles and cured,
while the lower part of the stalk and the ear arc left to
dry. Some farmers say there is no defence to be made
for this practice— “it is merely an old habit.” Others
say that where there is plenty of other fodder “topping”
is a reasonable practice. The upper part of the stalk is
the best part of it. The grain cures much better in this
way. It must be husked any way, and can be husked
from the stalk and thrown into a wagon easier than it
can be handled on the ground. Late in the season the
butts are cut down by hand or mowing machine and
left on the ground, to be plowed under in the Spring.
We could not afford to lose the feeding value of these
stalks in the Nortln _ H. w. c.

FALL PLANTING FOR RASPBERRIES.

Most planters agree that in localities where hard
freezing can be expected raspberries arc better planted
in Spring than Fall. Plants of most varieties are hardy
enough, but the damage comes from heaving by frost
before the roots have taken sufficient hold of the soil.
Where frost does not deeply penetrate, however, Fall
planting is advocated, as the plants are well settled in
position by Winter rains, and vigorously start in Spring,
big. 338 shows a good tip-rooted black raspberry plant.
If firmly planted, three or four inches deep, in soil not
too deeply plowed, such a plant would be likely to winter
in good condition. Raspberries thrive best if given a
fair amount of room. Rows six feet apart with the
plants three feet apart in the row are about right.

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

Why do chickens seek an elevated perch at night?

1 he popular belief seems to be that it is in order to
secure greater safety. This is undoubtedly true in re¬
spect to some of their nocturnal enemies; still the high¬
est limb of a tree is sometimes no security. I have
frequently had losses at night that I was sure had
occurred from treetops. A good many of our hens and
young stock have been allowed to roost in trees. It
got to be a regular occurrence to find one killed every
few mornings. A young negro in the neighborhood,
who is noted as a hunter and trapper, insisted that it
was the work of an opossum. He says they will climb
a tree like a squirrel and kill chickens. A peculiarity
about the work of our enemy was that the head and
neck were always devoured first. I have noticed for
years that an occasional dead bird would be found,
from the neck bones of which all traces of meat would
be scraped clean, while the rest of the body would be
untouched. There was a mystery about this which I
could not understand. Our new hired man, John, also
has a genius for trapping, and after he had seen a few
of these mysterious losses he brought out his traps. He
soon solved the mystery, but instead of an opossum lie
proudly came marching across the fields one morning
with a monstrous big owl, with eyes almost as big as
saucers. Such a bird of prey could swoop down upon
a hen in the highest treetop with perfect ease. This one
had killed a hen and eaten the head and neck the first
night, leaving the carcass lying on the ground. When
he came back the next night to make another meal from
it he stepped into one of John’s traps.

One of the disagreeable things connected with the
job of preparing dry-picked fowls or chicks for market
is the annoyance to the picker caused by lice crawling
from the birds upon the person and clothing. Where
the birds are scalded before picking this is of course
avoided. I suppose the wise ones will shake their heads
and say there is no necessity for having lice on chickens
that are hatched in incubators and raised in brooders.
Our chickens were thus hatchecf and raised, and they
are fat and thrifty too for the most part, and their
quarters free from mites, yet many of them have “bugs,”
as the pickers call them. These are the body lice

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

which remain on the birds both day and night, instead
of hiding in crevices about the perches, etc., during
the daytime. When the feathers are plucked from the
bird they crawl up the sleeves of the picker and try to
hide in the first seam or fold of the clothing they can
find. Under the fold of a man’s collar is a favorite
spot with them. We have lately been using Persian
insect powder for this nuisance with most gratifying
results. It takes but a few minutes’ time to apply it
to the birds the evening before they are to be killed,
and all pronounce it time and money well spent. Each
bird is handled separately, and a few pinches of the
powder rubbed upon the skin after parting the feathers
on different parts of the body. One pinch under each
wing, one or. the neck, one on the back, and one on
each thigh is sufficient and is soon applied. The only
time when it did not give complete immunity from the
annoyance to the pickers was when the feathers were
wet from a hard shower.

After seeing some of Jesse’s White Leghorns, bred
for fancy exhibition purposes, and said to be worth
from $10 to $100 each, I naturally came home and
watched my own flock for specimens that would score
high in the show room. To the amateur all White
Leghorns look pretty much alike, and it seems a simple
matter to breed perfect specimens. It is wonderful,
however, how many must be raised in order to get even
one perfect specimen that will score 100 points. Some
will have poorly colored legs ; others will have ear lobes
that are not up to the mark. Still others will have
a feather between the toes. In others the difficulty is
to get a well-shaped comb, not too big and not too
small. Some of the otherwise finest specimens will
have a side sprig on the comb. When all these points
are found in one bird, with the tail carried at just the
proper angle, you must still have the pure white
throughout, which is so desirable. The hackle and
saddle feathers of the cock are very apt to have a
brassy tinge. Some claim, I believe, that this can be
avoided by proper attention to the diet. From among
several hundred well developed cockerels I finally got
my eye on one in which I could detect no flaw, and
was watching him with a good deal of concern as his
graceful sickle feathers began to appear. The top of
a big cherry tree was his favorite perch, and a few
bloody feathers and a well scraped joint of neck bone
under the tree one morning marked the closing chapter
of that career. His graceful head had made a shining
mark for the aforesaid owl. There is another one
in the flock that was a close second in all respects
which has survived the owl.' The only flaw is a faint
suspicion of a side sprig on his comb. A good sharp
knife in skillful hands I presume would fit him to pass
inspection with the most critical judge. One of the
common occurrences at poultry shows is said to be
the regular search by the owners on the opening morn¬
ing for any feathers or other defects that might dis¬
qualify their birds. The exhibitor that has the keenest
eye and the sharpest razor often wins the day.

_ _ O. W. MAPES.

THE ENSEE APPLE.

We have sampled specimens of this new apple at dif¬
ferent seasons, and have a few scions growing in our
own orchards. We believe it to be an acquisition and
worthy of trial. U. T. Cox, of Rockwood, Ohio, gives
the following notes about Ensee, and a picture of a fair¬
sized specimen is shown at Fig. 339.

“The original tree came up near where we used to
make some cider, probably about 1880 or a year or two
later. It was on the farm of my father, the late Nelson
Cox, who died two years ago last Fall. When I was a
good-sized boy I remember pruning it when it was
about two years old, and as years passed by it was
pruned more, as it was near the house, and was a nice-
looking tree. When it was six or eight years old it had
some large red apples which were all wormy, and
dropped off in August and September. They were not
sprayed then, and the fruit continued to drop pre¬
maturely till 1895, when they were sprayed, and hung
on the tree till we were done picking Rome Beauty,
which were our apples for the money. As they looked
pretty well we gathered them, considering them only
seedlings and not worth much, as we had plenty of good
apples. As all the barrels were full of good apples the
“seedlings” were just put in a box and an old salt barrel
and left open all Winter in the cellar. When the Win¬
ter was pretty well gone some of us tasted them, and
liked the apple, and then others tried them and all con¬
sidered them good. In 1899 there were about five or six
barrels, and they were nicer than ever before. I don’t
think the tree has ever missed having some apples every
year since 1895, and they have been as good size as
Rome Beauty if not larger, and as good color as that
variety. The tree has borne as full as anyone ever
wants a tree to bear; they have hung on late when well
sprayed, and perfect specimens have kept about as well!
as the Rome Beauty, both in cold storage and in cellar.

The quality is far superior to most of the commercial
varieties, and most people consider it equal to Jonathan
and Grimes for eating. 1 like it better than either. It
never gets dry late in the season like Rome Beauty, and
many other good varieties, and is crisp and juicy as long
as the fruit k.sts. I still had some of them the middle
of April, and some in cold storage to stay till June to
test them. There were nearly 10 barrels on the original

THE ENSEE APPLE. Fig. 339.

tree last year, and they were by far the best we ever
had of them. Most of them were picked October 21,
and some were too green then. They are about the
shape of Pryor’s Red, and taste a little like it, but are
better in every respect, and are not rusty like that
variety, but clear, with a good part of the skin red, some
of them perfectly red all over. The meat is rather yel¬
low, but not coarse like most of the large apples.”

ADVICE TO A YOUNG DAIRYMAN .

I have 1 1 cows, two Short-horn, two Jersey, four Hol¬
stein, one Polled Angus, and two — I don’t know what they
are. Two of these are registered Ilolsteins. I have plenty
of hay, part pure Timothy and the remainder pure clover;
no mixed hay. When 1 feed it will be either Timothy or
clover; will have corn fodder to last until first of March.
I cut the stalks and feed In mangers at noon, hay morning
and evening. Grain feed will consist of corn and oats in
plenty, together with coarse bran and cotton-seed meal ; the

two latter I purchase. I wish to know in what proportion
to mix my corn and oats with bran and cotton-seed meal to
form a ration first, with Timothy hay and corn fodder, and
second, with clover hay and corn fodder. I shall have some
roots (mangels and rutabagas) hut they will not last long.
I have no silo, and hence no silage. Will it pay me to erect
a silo for a dozen cows, say a 100-tou silo? What would he
the approximate cost? J. a. t.

Scenery Hill, Pa.

Timothy hay and corn stover are both deficient in

79 1

protein. Corn and oats arc not very high, and to make
a fairly well-balanced ration with these home-grown
feeds without purchasing too much outside feed is rather
difficult. The following is a fairly well-balanced ra¬
tion, though more grain is used than we like to feed on
the average, though large milkers will consume this
amount and turn out a profit:

Protein

Carbo-

Fat

d rates -

8 lbs. corn stover .

2.59

.05

15 lbs. Timothy hay .

. 42

6.51

.20

4 lbs. corn and oats . . .

2.45

.14

3 lbs. cotton-seed meal .

. 1.20

.62

.28

2 lbs. wheat bran .

. 25

.81

.06

Total .

12.98

.73

By using clover hay instead of Timothy you can

make

a perfect theoretical ration with less purchased

grain,

and it certainly ought to be a milk maker

Frotein

Carbo-

Fat

d rates

8 lbs. corn stover .

. 14

2.59

.05

15 lbs. clover hay .

. 1.02

5.37

.27

(i lbs. corn and oats . . .

. 44

3.67

2 cotton seed meal .

. SO

.41

• .19

1 lb. wheat bran .

. 13

.41

.03

Total .

12.45

♦76

By "corn fodder” I assume you mean what is

called

corn fodder by nearly every farmer; that

is, the

stalks

left after the corn is

husked. This is

called

corn

“stover” by our scientific

friends to distinguish it

from

corn fodder which is the

stalk raised for

fodder

alone

and no attention paid to grain ; is usually planted
thicker and contains 50 per cent more digestible protein.
I should strongly advise building a silo. Its advantages
over the old way of caring for and feeding the corn
crop are many. I would prefer, were I to feed only
12 cows, to build two silos, one for Winter use and an¬
other smaller one for Summer or early Fall. A 100-ton
silo is larger than you need, although it is wise some¬
times to plan for a possible increase in business. A cir¬
cular silo 25 feet high and 14 feet in diameter has a
capacity of about 75 tons, and one nine feet in diameter
of same height will hold about 30 tons. These would
do you for Summer and Winter, and ought to be built
for $1 per ton capacity. I should not buy a ready¬
made patent silo, as there seems to be too much profit
between the producer of the materials that go into it
and the man who gets the silo. As to your cows, it
matters not what breed you select half so much as to
get the type that produces milk economically. These are
found in nearly all breeds, but much more so in some
than others. h. g. Manchester.

BUILDING AN ICEHOUSE.

I am building an Icehouse, boarding on outside one thick¬
ness and on inside with two thicknesses of hoard with paper
between Is it best to have the space between posts as
near airtight as I can make it, or should it have opening
at top or at bottom for ventilation? How should I make
the floor? It is red clay. Is it sufficient to put sawdust on
after sloping it to drain the water off, or what is the
best bottom to put ice on? h. b. h.

Lebanon, Fa.

The air space between the outer and inner walls, to
be an effective non-conductor, should be as nearly a
dead space as is possible to get. In other words, the
walls should be built as tightly as practicable, with no
openings for ventilation. It is usual, however, to have
openings at the apex of each gable and for ventilation
above the mass of ice. These holes should be cut
through both walls, and should be from one to two feet
square, according to size of house. It will work all
right to cover the bottom with about one foot of saw¬
dust and lay ice on that. Perhaps it would be better to
lay it on sods or timber, and thus make a dead-air space
beneath the ice. If this is done, however, great care
should be taken to keep the building tight about the
foundation, carrying off the water by a trapped drain
pipe to prevent the admission of air. In any case, it is
one of the most important things about keeping ice, to
see that it docs not come in contact with the ground.

GRANT DAVIS.

GREENHOUSE WITH HOTBED SASH.

Should I bo successful with a small greenhouse, 21x24.
roofed with 3x<! hotbed sash, south gahle. well glazed, in
trying to grow tomatoes and cucumbers? Will the 3x6
sash shade it too much? What cement or preparation may
I use successfully to stick paper together so I may use it
for protection from frost over cold frames, etc.? Last
Spring we moved here from Ft. Wayne. Ind., in March, too
late to do much with early truck except melons, and we
hit on an easy way to handle a cold frame. We use every
alternate sash of prepared cloth or paper, using a common
3x6 4-piece sash for the cloth or paper and on sunny days
just remove the cloth or sash, leaving the glass on. This
saves some work and danger of breakage of glass. It worked
well ; shall try it on a large scale this Winter. What do you
think of this idea?

Jackson, Tenn. a. s. k.

The use of 3 x 6-foot sash to form the roof of a
greenhouse 21x24 feet would require two lengths of
sash on each slope of the roof, and the comparatively
wide bottom rail on these sashes would make an objec¬
tionable amount of shade in the house in question ; be¬
side which there would be the width of the two side
rails of the sash to make still more shade in the house. It
is, therefore, doubtful if tomatoes and cucumbers could
be grown very successfully in such a structure, for both
these vegetables enjoy all the sunshine they can get, and
especially so when forced during the Winter. Paper
for covering hotbeds mav be waterproofed to some ex¬
tent by painting with boiled linseed oil, such a coating
making the paper somewhat more translucent. There
are, however, several good papers prepared for such use,
and probably offered. by some of the seedsmen or dealers
in agricultural requisites, and some such paper would
be likely to prove more satisfactory for your purpose
than the homemade article. w. h. tapun.

792

FARMERS ’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
tbe name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Tut questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Grafting Cherry Sproufi.

H. S., Ovid, X. Y. — I have a lot of cherry
Sprouts from one-half to one inch in diameter,
that 1 would like to graft next Spring to
start an orchard. Can I transplant to
orchard this Fall and cleft-graft next Spring,
or would it he belter to graft where they are
standing and transplant the following
Spring? Would smaller sprouts and whip¬
grafting be likely to be more successful on
cherry, as it seems to be a hard fruit to
graft?-

Ans. — It is doubtful if it would pay to
attempt to use cherry sprouts as the basis
of an orchard. Sprouts that come from
the roots of cherry trees are usually very
poorly rooted when detached from the old
roots dug up and are practically worth¬
less, except a small proportion of them.
If they were seedling stocks the case
would be very different, for such roots are
the proper ones for use in growing or¬
chard trees. The writer says that graft¬
ing is difficult, and this is quite true. I
would much prefer budding, no matter
what the size of the stock might be. Bud¬
ding is the common, if not the universal,
practice of nurserymen in propagating
cherry trees. it. e. van deman.

Drainage for Hillside House.

F. H. Pleaaantvllle X. Y. — Would you give
advice for keeping a house dry, which is
situated on a hill? We are having trouble
with a damp cellar. The diagram shows
situation.

Ans. — It should be easy to put a drain
from a cellar in a hillside without dig¬
ging far. Our cellar has a two-inch tile
drain about 100 feet long. In very wet
times it will barely do the work, so in a
wet place I would use four-inch tile. A
stone ciram can be used, but is not so sat¬

isfactory, is more likely to get closed, and
needs be larger than tile to carry the same
’mount of water. Our house is on a hill¬
side with apple trees above and back of it.
I plowed a furrow, across, back of the
house, that carries all water from a dis¬
tance well to one side. Even when there
is a big snowdrift, when it begins to thaw
there is often a hollow place in the snow,
and water follows that furrow. The sides
were smoothed, and dirt taken away, so
that we drive across it. If cellar remains
damp it will be drier if windows are open
at night and closed hot days. h. s. e.

Winter Care of Raspberries.

H. L. W., Pearl River, X. J. — What treat¬
ment for raspberries to prepare for the
Winter? The bushes have been cut once,
have fruited richly, been untroubled by
insects, etc. Very long shoots. Would cut¬
ting just above the forking — say, at three
buds on each fork, be advantageous, or let
tnem alone this year?

Ans. — If shoots are very long I would
shorten somewhat, but would not prune
severely in the Fall. The buds near the
end start to grow first in the Spring — a
late frost may kill or damage them, and
it will be best to cut back to strong buds.
Cut out old, dead and weak plants. Cut
back the longest shoots somewhat. If
well branched leave lower branches long¬
est, and leave three or four plants in a
hill. If you have had plants ruined by
freezing, it will be best to cover them.
They may be bent over and covered with
straw. “Bushes are toughest when leaves
are shedding. Or you may cover with dirt.
Dig between hills, then put potato fork
under hill and tip it over. Cover with
dirt from row, and turn next hill into
hole made. Cover and repeat,” says Prof.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 4,

Whitten. This will not be very hard if
the ground is in good condition. In the
Spring uncover, and cultivate until fruit
season; then mulch. If shoots do not
branch, pinch the tips. They will branch
and not grow so long. h. s. e.

Building a Concrete Wall.

E. X. G., Knox, Pa. — 1 am going to build
a barn .'50 x 45 feet, and 10 feet high; will
probably have 20 tons of hay or more in it.
I think of putting a concrete wall 2 V& feet
high under it. How thick should it be
built, and how much cement will it take?
(’an I use small stones to build it, from s'ize
of an egg up to three or four inches thick
and 10 inches across? Can they be placed
in the mold, fitted in so as to not leave any
open spaces, or would I better smash them
up? What quantity of stone and sand
shall I need? What amount of cement will
it take to make cement tloor in it for cat¬
tle? I shall have one end to drive through,
and use for thrashing floor. Will it need to
be thicker and more cement used than for
the cattle?

Ans. — The strength and thickness of
your wall will depend upon the weight
upon it. If the hay rests upon the
ground, and the wall has only to support
the barn, 18 inches in thickness will sup¬
port it. if not more than 2/> feet high.
It will not be necessary to break the larger
stones. You can hand-lay a layer of stone
in a small amount of sand four parts,
Portland cement one part; then cover
again with sand and Portland, and again
a layer of stone, until the form is full.
If you should desire a fine smooth finish,
plaster the wall will a very thin coat of
sand and cement, equal parts. No one
can tell you just how much sand, stone
and cement will be required for this wall,
because you would no doubt be unable to
tell what proportion of the whole you
would occupy with these large and small
stones. 1 would put the range from 15
to 20 barrels. In ordinary floor or walk
construction with four inches thickness,
one-half-inch surface finish, one barrel
will lay 50 square feet, or 12 /i cubic feet.
In wall work a barrel will lay three or
four times as much. For the floor you
will have 1,350 square feet of surface.
This would probably call for 25 to 30 bar¬
rels of cement. If crushed stone is used,
for each cubic foot you would need one
cubic foot crushed stone, 47-100 cubic foot
gravel. 20-100 cubic foot sand, and 7-10
cubic foot cement. It is necessary to have
every space filled. If you have the crushed
stone to start with, this reduced to figures
in your case would be about 10 yards
crushed stone, seven yards gravel, three
yards sand. You will probably require
about four yards more of sand for the sur¬
face finish. Get only coarse, sharp sand.
You will not need a stronger floor under
thrasher than where cattle stand. See to
it that the surface is made rough by float¬
ing with a board trowel before it is hard,
otherwise animals will slip; also that ce¬
ment and whatever material is used has
been thoroughly mixed. Small field stone
can be used for foundation work ; gravel
or crushed stone, whatever may be cheap¬
est. I might say that it is not necessary
to use both gravel and crushed stone ;
either will do. If you use stone then use
sand in place of gravel. h. e. cook.

FRUIT NOTES .

Girdled Grapes. — I have just harvested a
fine crop of grapes that averaged nearly eight
cents per pound. By girdling I can get
them into our local markets before south¬
western crop comes in. The grapes are much
larger and to my taste better than the un¬
girdled fruit. Apple crop light and poor.

Massachusetts. s. t. maynard.

Seedless Sweet Apple. — I send you a
sample of seedless apple a friend sent me.
It. is a good apple aside from its seedless
quality, in that it is a later sweet apple than
we now grow. As compared with the Tal-
man it is months later in season, the former
are all ripe and gone now. The grower said
it was on the farm when he bought it.
The man who planted the orchard has been
dead 15 years, so no one here knows of its
origin. a. h. griesa.

Kansas.

It. N.-Y. — The apple has a “co-re” or
cavity at the center but the seeds are not
developed — appearing as small brown specks.
The quality is excellent for a sweet apple.

Wiiex you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Chair Bargains

Let xi9 furnish your home. We can save you money (in most
instances about one-half) on everything in the line of furniture
and everything we sell is of guaranteed quality. That's an
important point. Don’t overlook it. There is cheaper furni¬
ture in the world (we don't sell trashy stuff), but wo don't be¬
lieve anybody else in the world will sell you furniture as good
as ours for so little money. This is furniture built for service
as well as appearance. It has the quality in it, and it costs you
no more than cheap furniture would cost you. Hero are four
of our fifty bargains in chairs— enly four of fifty distinct styles.

. Chair No. 76 is a strictly new design,
[with swell front, all beautiful hand-pol-
] ished, quarter-sawed oak or imitation
I mahogany, and would add much to the
furnishings of your home. It is very
roomy, designed especially for comfort.
Price, upholstered in Chase's leather,
only $9. 00; genuine leather,

$11.75; gonuine Spanish .

} leather . $12.26J

This chair, Ko. 38, is a'

^beauty. Made of the flakiest d
quarter-sawed oak or imita¬
tion mahogany and
finely finished. Uphol-*
stered with the best quality velour, the pad
for the back being of samo material. A retail
furniture dealer would want $10 for this chair.

Our price, without pad,

) only $4.90; with pad, as
fcshown in cut . $0.66

This chair, No. 70, is a 38
comfortable, well-made chair of high-grade
appearance and unusual durability. Made
of best oak, with fine finish, and also fur¬
nished in imitation mahogany
if desired. Has cobbler 6eat I
and is nicely carved. Has no 1
equal at the price, only $2.90 ]
j Our No. 19 chair is
* built on a new and styl¬
ish design. Is comfort-*
ablo and especially

No. 76

$5.50 per bushel; Cow
LLAND, Milford. Del.

No. 70

pleasing when you are reading or resting.

Made of finest quarter-sawed oak or imita¬
tion mahogany, hand-polished. Has high
back and is graceful in appearance. Prices,
upholstered with Cbaso's leather, $8.95;
genuino leather, $10.10; genuine Spanish

leather, . $10.76 No. 1 9 '

Write to-day for our new 4u0-page illustrated catalogue C. 87,
showing a complete furniture line at prices on which we defy
competition, quality considered. AND WE GUARANTEE SATIS¬
FACTION OR MONEY REFUNDED. Also everything needed
on the farm at lowest prices.

CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

5 I 5 Lawrence Sq., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

DULL TIMES

DULL KNIVES

DULL TOOLS

do not exist where our Practical Hand Power
Grinder with Carborundnm grinding wheel is
used. Designed to sharpen anything from a needle to
an ax in one tenth the time and much better than a
grindstone. Grinding wheel four inches in diameter,
one inch face, made of carborundum, the fastest
cutting abrasive known. Will not draw temper.
Clamped to a table, turns easily, light pressure need¬
ed; always ready, and saves its cost many times
yearly. Write to-day for particulars. A few good
agents wanted.

KOVAL MANUFACTURING CO..

326 E. Walnut Street. Lancaster. Pa.

POTATOES— Bliss, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler, Long¬
fellow, Ohio, 85 kinds. C. W. FORI), Fishers, X. Y.

FOR SALE —Crimson Clover Seed,

Peas, $1.75 bushel. J. E. HO

DAKICV Mine. Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy
In Hu • White Welsh Onion; all kinds of seeds for
florists and market gardeners. Silver Medal at the
St. Louis Exposition. BEAULIEU, Woodhaven, N.Y.

Special Sale of Fruit Trees.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra tine Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurseries,
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fruit, Shade and ornamental
trees. This is a rare cnance to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices.
Write them for prices, stating the amount
wanted.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry lias again proven itself to be the
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list and circular upon application.

C. G. VELIE <» SON.

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, V.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A PpT T7Q
have paid well this season. We 1

have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery-
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.
Have your trees

SAN JOSE SCALE?

PRATT’S ‘ ‘ SCALECIDE ” FET ROLE U M

can save them.

Results the best. Price the least.

We guarantee it.

Write us for endorsements by experiment stations.

B. Q. PRATT COMPANY,

11 Broadway, New York.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most com) lete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental t.n Lveroreen
Trees, Vints, shrubbery, i c. v.s, i a ifornia
Privet, Asparagus and Berry j larts. 200
acres in cultivation with Fur?ery J rees.
This stock is healthy and fine. . end us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. t end for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

PEACH

and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley. Del.

| |tni F and other FRUIT TREES at whole-
R Mill N sale prices. Cat. free. Freight paid.
HTHib MITCHELL, BEVERLY, OHIO.

wmoo TREES

200 vurletle».Al90<Jrape«, Small Frult»etc.Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed fop
19c. Desc. price list free. Lewis ltocseh, Fredonla, N.Y*

Harrison’s

Fruit Trees

Plant select stock, your reward
will come. Nothing that’s only
ordinary ever goes out from
Harrison’s.

Wc Want the Trade of People
Who Want the Best.

We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes
and Strawberries — over 1,000
acres. It pays to get acquaint¬
ed with Harrison trees. 1905
catalog goes free wherever in¬
vited.

HARRISON’S NURSERIES,
Box 29, Berlin, Md.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., lliglitstownJN, J.

tt

MB'

ERCKMASS TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 yearslin
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMANS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bm’«. I n<.!d-na, Mo.

FRUIT TREES mi 8 W HE IE

We have a fine lot of JUNE Bl D
and one year old Peach Trees;
nne and two year Apple. Pear,
Cherry and Plum; Shade Trees,
Shrubbery, Roses, C rapes, etc.
Strawberry Plants by tbe million.
Write for Catalogue and Prices,
Mention this paper.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES,

Chattanooga, Tenn.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-$5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Ivans. Box 73.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of Stock-
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you .15 to III)
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices ami
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Walil. Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

35 Cents. .

Will grow in the house 1
' or out of doors. 1

Hyacinths, Tulips,

Crocus, Fuchsias,

Oxalis, Jonquils,

Daffodils, Dewey Lily,

Tuberoses, Gladiolus,

Chinese Lily, Begonia.

Gloxinia, Lilies of the _

Valley— allpostpaid, 25c. in stamps or coin.
Asa premium with these Bulbs we will send
FREEagiant collection of flower seeds — over 200 varieties,
Address, Hillside Nunsery, Somerville. Mass*

Sure remedy for SAN JOSE SCALE.
Ready for use by simply mixing with
water. Information and prices mailed on

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

KILL-O-SCALE

application.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

H.OGEHS ON THE IIXXjXi,

Tli© Apple Breeder, Dnnavillc, NT. TT.

NOW IS THE TIME TO TRANSPLANT.

Bear in mind that Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants succeed best if planted in the autumn.

Send for the Illustrated Catalogue of the famous DWYER FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL SHADE
TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, CREEPING VINES AND SMALL FRUITS, We have on hand a full
line of hardy, vigorous, acclimated stock grown in our own nurseries, guaranteed true to name, free from
disease,— sure to grow and give satisfaction. We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches.

Our Catalogue mailed FREE Write to-day. T. J. DWYER & CO,, Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y.

*

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

TREES

(tc DPR inn CRCIRIIT DA in Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
TEIl lUUj rilCIUni TAIU Poplars, healthy, true to name ami fumigated.
All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember wo beat all other relinblo
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

793

GREENHOUSE WORK IN NOVEMBER

Fungus Troubles. — The month of No¬
vember not infrequently brings with it a
number of dark and cloudy days, and it
is at such times that the greatest care is
required in watering plants under glass.
In the first place, the growth of most
plants is very slow at this season, and
consequently they do not take up water
with the same rapidity that has been done
earlier in the season and that will be done

4 again after the days grow longer. In the
second place, the short, dark days are
especially favorable for the reproduction
and growth of various fungi that feed
upon vegetable tissues. 'One of the most
serious forms of fungus that the rose
grower under glass has to contend with is
that commonly known as “black spot,”
and this trouble very frequently appears
at this season on American Beauties, and
also on La Franc? and most of the Hybrid
Tea class of roses, to which the last
named, variety belongs. This fungus ap¬
pears on the lower leaves of the rose
plants first, just the reverse of the mildew,
which shows on the young and tender
growth first, the affected leaves showing
the characteristic black spots or blotches
and ultimately dropping off, the disease
gradually progressing up the stems until
they are almost denuded of foliage, the
growth of the plant being checked or
stopped in severe cases. Keeping the
roses somewhat drier and warmer is the
treatment generally used for this fungus,
at the same time being very careful to
pick off and burn all affected leaves, thus
destroying myriads of the spores of the
fungus. Thorough cleanliness is the key¬
note of the successful rose grower, and
he therefore keeps a continual watch for
“black spot,” decayed leaves, mildew and
aphis, and while doing this he carries
around with him a ball of string in order
to tie up any unruly shoots that he may
meet with while removing all weeds and
rubbish from the beds.

Fumigation.— For the aphis there is no
better remedy than the fumes of nicotine,
and while nicotine preparations are much
more costly than the tobacco stems that
were formerly the specific for these trou¬
blesome insects, jet the results are better,
for the nicotine vapor is practically free
from ammonia, and consequently does not
bleach or discolor the delicate flowers of
the roses, as was the case with tobacco
smoke.

Watering. — It is difficult to lay down
rules for watering, the practice of the
old gardener being to water a plant when
it was dry. but the difficulty lies in teach¬
ing a person just the condition of dry¬
ness that calls for a good watering, it
being one of the things in which experi¬
ence is the best teacher. But the roses
will need a vigorous syringing over and
under the foliage almost every bright day,
and unless the soil is specially retentive
of moisture, a watering at the roots about
once a week, the frequency of the latter
operation depending very much on the
weather.

Cutting Bed Fungus. — The cutting
bed or propagating bench sometimes de¬
velops trouble at this season, and, in fact,
throughout the Winter in dark and damp
weather, the trouble referred to being an¬
other fungus that causes the cuttings to
rot off in the sand, “damping off" being
the term generally applied to this trouble.
This trouble is encouraged by allowing
the cuttings to wilt from exposure to the
sun, and then watering too much and
keeping the atmosphere too close. Fresh
air is one of the best preventives of this
fungus, but at the same time avoiding
direct drafts over the cuttings, and when
the fungus does appear all the cuttings
affected by it should be promptly re¬
moved, for this fungus spreads very rap¬
idly. If a cutting bed becomes badly
infected by fungus it is a good plan to
remove the sand from the bench, give the
latter a good coat of hot whitewash, and
then refill the bench with fresh bar sand,
but in case this cannot be done, the next
best method would be to give the sand a
good soaking with boiling water before
putting in another crop of cuttings.

Pot Bulbs. — The new purchases of
flowering bulbs for Winter forcing are
usually received from the dealers during
this month, among them being the hya¬
cinths, tulips and lilies of the valley, most
of which are either planted in flats or pots
as soon as received and then stored in a
cold frame with a covering of old soil
two or three inches deep to protect them
from the weather. While it is not, strict¬
ly speaking, a part of greenhouse work,
yet there may be some readers whose cus-
lirners desire bulb beds for the following
Spring, and to those it may be remarked
that the early part of this month is not
too late to plant the tulips and hyacinths,
but dig the beds deeply, and then plant
the bulbs four to five inches beneath the
surface and a good showing may be ex¬
pected next Spring.

Marketing Cut Flowers. — The pick¬
ing and preparation of flowers for market

f

is one of the parts of the work in which
much skill and discretion should be exer¬
cised, good judgment being needed in or¬
der to know just what condition a flower
should be at the time it is cut. Some
roses open out much quicker than others,
and these things must be taken into con¬
sideration if one would get the best re¬
sults. There is also a certain limit to the
development of a carnation upon the
plant, after which the Bower may be im¬
proved by cutting and placing in water
for a few hours. In fact, all flowers that
are to be packed and sent away to a dis¬
tance should be given a few hours in
water after cutting, this treatment not
only allowing them to absorb a sufficient
quantity of water to keep the flowers in
good condition during the journey, but
also improving them greatly in size.
Chrysanthemums, carnations and roses are
all greatly improved by being placed in
water in a cool cellar for about 12 hours
before they are shipped to a distance, a
temperature of 45 degrees being a good
one for the storage of flowers. Violets
also should be _ put in water for a few
hours before shipping, though these flow¬
ers must be sold as fresh as possible to
retain their delightful odor. Never sprin¬
kle violet, carnation or Chrysanthemum
flowers after cutting, but simply place
their stems in water and allow them to
drink in all the pure water they will, and
thus to swell out their petals to the full
size. Roses may be dipped or sprinkled
after cutting, and seem to like it. but the
carnations and violets are much better
without it.

The Easter lilies that were potted about
a month ago may still remain in the cold
frame, unless there is promise of severe
weather, for a little frost will not hurt
them, and Easter of ]90f> will be ajate
one. w. H. TAPLIN.

PRODUCTS, PRICES, AND TRADE .

Potatoes have advanced 25 cents per
barrel and the market Is firm. A fair sized
shipment of German grown tubers has
arrived. The price is now at a figure to
encourage imports. Ordinarily great quanti¬
ties of German potatoes are used in making
alcohol, but a figure much above $2 per
barrel will divert part of the surplus ordi¬
narily used in alcohol and starch factories.
Except in years of absolute crop failure in
large potato sections, there is little prob¬
ability of the excessive prices obtained in
former years.

“Why are such odd figures as $1.12. $1.62,
etc., given in market quotations? I never
see $1.13 or $1.63. Why these odd 2s?"
asks a reader. In many cases, and probably
in those referred to, this is a relic of the
old shilling of 12% cents; $1.12 would be
nine shillings, lacking the half-cent, which
the the seller would “throw-off" in an effort
to appear generous. In bargaining the shil¬
ling is often used, though there is now no
such denomination of American money. The
even numbers, such as two, four, six or 10
shillings, do not seem unusual, as they
amount to multiples of our decimal currency.

Another advance of one cent in prime
creamery and State dairy butter is noted, and
a fractional rise in other grades. The scar¬
city of really fancy creamery is not so much
due to light receipts as to the scanty pro¬
portion that will score high. Rutter making,
though greatly improved of late years, is still
far from an exact science. Probably there
is no one feature so troublesome to the
ereameryman as the dirt in the milk fur¬
nished by many patrons; it is an impossi¬
bility to make uniformly prime butter from
milk of this class, no matter how much caie
is taken in feeding the cows and handling the
cream. And here is the difficulty under
which hundreds of farm women labor. They
seem unable to make good butter, and the
man of the house lays it all to the woman,
when it is the filthy carelessness of the milk¬
ers that is discounting every pound of butter
three to five cents. It is some bother to milk
cows properly even when cleanly kept, but to
get clean milk from animals kept in a filthy
stable is an impossibility unless a milking
machine is used, so that the milk vessel is
not open to the stable air. From a sani¬
tary standpoint there is more need of legisla¬
tion against dirty milk than watered milk.

H.

Maple Sugar Makers

We call your attention to the faet that
we make the BEST and HANDIEST
EV APOKATOli on the mar¬
kets. One man can operate any
size. Get your goods
now; don't wait
until Spring.

Write us for
Catalog and
prices.

WARREN

Evaporator Works,
Warren, Ohio.

Our 600 page general catalog will be
sent free on request. Freight and
express rates are lower from New
York than any other city in America.

This Range

BURNS
ANY
FUEL

This handsome Cast Iron Range combines great
capacity and usefulness with low cost. Large
oven, modern improved sheet flues which heat
hack as well sides of oven. Gas consuming tire
box. Heavy linings that may be arranged for
burning either wood or coal. Sanitary cast iron
tank, white enamelled. Beautifully finished as
illustrated with silver nickel trimmings.

Remember Our Guarantee.

If for any reason you are not entirely satisfied
with goods purchased of us we will refund your
money and pay charges in both directions.

There is an average saving of *11 on stoves,
ranges and heaters we sell as compared with any
other equally good.

White, Van Glahn & Co.

fist IS 16.

Get our catalog.

01 D£ ST mm order

HOUSE IN AMERICA

^4

Higher]
rin Price
But

iHOODS,

Bull
Dog
Boots
W have a

’Of

reason >

Ask lor HOOD’S /# ,
Duke”

HOOD RUBBERS

l£o£si

TRADE (rubber compoM MARK)

' BOSTON ' ~

NOT MADEBYA TRUST

/F you CF/V/VOT C£T TH£S£ BUB -

BfftS ffiOAf you/? 0&7Z£fi-ir/f/r£ £/£

OUR FREE CATALOGUE

Tells all about our no-money-
with-order-plan, freight otter, two
year guaranty and 30 days

free trial offer. We sell

direct, giving biggest bug¬
gy bargain of the year.
26yearsexperience back of
every job. We make Open
Buggies from $22. B0 up, Top Buggies $27.90 up, Sur-
riee $12.00 up, Wagons $33.90 up, Harness, $1.30 up.

Write today for Free Money Saving Catalogue.

U S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

You Want a Saw

Mill? Witte Knight, he has
_ ’ them 111 stock for Engines of 1U to 125 (

* horse power. His little booklet, ** Let's
' Get Acquainted,” gives you an explana¬
tion. Write for it now. The Knight^ ^

Mfg. Company , Dept. J.

Canton, O.

Sawing Outfit $10.75

We are selling this first-class Tilting Table Saw Frame
for only $10.75. Thousands of them now in
080. Perfect construction, mado right
Lor left-banded. Wo absolutely guar-
I;inte© this Sawing Ontfit satisfactory
fin every detail. We have 8 other kinds
of sawing machines, including Drag
^Sawing Outfit, and we have saws, hclt-
| ing, etc. In fact, wo aro head¬
quarters for Sawing Machines;
have a larger line than any other
firm and our prices aro the lowest* Wo save you money on
everything you buy, and we give you the same guaranteo on
everything wo sell. Send for our new big catalogue No. 87,
pricing and describing, with illustrations, everything needed
on the farm and in the home, including our new complete stock
of high-grade furnituro at factory prices. This big, up-to-dato
catalogue is Free, and it’s full of choice bargains.

Cash Supply and Mfg, Co., 4S8 Lawrence Sq. Kalamazoo, Mich.

TRY IT

You’re welcome. Pay
nothing if you don’t
buy. If you do buy
the fast, easy running

N

EW

HOLLAND FEED MILL

You'll save 3056 to 40% on the cost over any
other. No combine prices. Standard for
all kinds feed and meal grinding. Several
styles and sizes. Write for catalog. We
make the best fast cutting Wood Saw on
the market. Booklet free. Write to

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO.,

Box 115, Now Holland, Pa.

A Great Saver irpJ™

what users say of the

Quaker City

MILLS

Sent on trial. Freight pre¬
paid. Grinds ear co>*n and
small grain, same time
40 years’ experience has made
Write for free catalog.

or separately,
us specialists.

The A. W. Straub Co. 47-49 Canal St. , Chicago, till*

ICE

Had.

In Thra,
SllM.

CUTTING MS7

BORSCH All Steel, Double-
Row ICE PLOWS. Marks aud
vuu two rows at a time ; cuts any size cake
and any depth, and does it with ease and economy.

Does the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays for itself t?
Wo days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

John Dor.oh «fc Son*. 226 W ell. 8t..MJlwaukee.Wls»

IF YOUVaNT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
WWGII PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made I Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

ENSILAGE AND FODDER
CUTTERS m SfcEflPlRE^

with Crusher and Shred
der. Also 1, 2 and 3 Horse Tread
Powers, 2 to 8 Horse Sweep
Powers, 5 aizes Grain Separa¬
tors, Feed Mills, Hand and
Power Corn Shellers, Wood
Saws, Engines, 3 to 25 H. P.,

Mounted or Stationary, etc.

Catalogue free.

HIE MES8ISGER MFG. CO., Tufamy, Pa.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say that
the best investment they ever made wfts
when they bought an

Electric Ha$£go„

Low wheels, wide tires; easy work, light draft.
■We’ll sell you a set of the best steel wheels
made for your old wagon. Spoke united with
hub. guaranteed not to break nor work loose*
Send for our catalogue and save money*
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 88* Quincy, III.

Qharpl®5

CJ TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

We want you to know Tubular
Cream Separators as they are

Investigate the low can and enclosed gears.
Tubulars have neither oil cups, tubes, nor

— — - — - * holes — they oil themselves. They have

bo-vvls without complicated Inside parts— hold the world’s record for clean
| shimming, durability, capacity, easy tnrnlng and easy washing— save half
I the work— greatly increase the amount and quality of butter— are wholly unlike all
Other separators. Write for catalog R-153

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,

I Toronto, Can. West Chester, Pa. Chicago, Ill,

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. Five sls-s portable sawmills; shingle ma¬
chines; lath mills; cord wood, cut-oiT and rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for it. Address
American Saw Mill Machinery Co.. V29 Hope SI., Hackefistown. N. J.

New York City Office, 610 Engineering Building.

Distributing Point.: 8m» Fracltoo, Portland. Settle, V»ncouv«r, St. Loul», Now
OrlfAnt, Atlanta, Richmond.

794

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 4,

is

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Gladiolus Autumn Giant. — The R.
N.-Y. for October 29, 1904, contained de¬
scription and illustration of a new tall-
growing and late-blooming Gladiolus,
raised on the Rural Grounds from seeds
of G. Quartinianus, from Central Africa,
pollinated with the very large-flowered
garden variety, Princeps, also a Rural
Grounds product. The plant illustrated
grew quite six feet high, and bore a total
of 50 blooms on the main and side spikes,
the main spike reaching a length of three
feet when the last bloom expanded. We
have this year bloomed nearly 1,000 seed¬
lings of similar parentage, and find them
quite a uniform lot. Fig. 340, page 791,
is from a much reduced photograph of
some of the earlier spikes. The plants
grow four to five feet high in the nur¬
sery row. a good proportion of the spikes
attaining to six feet. The blooms are me¬
dium in size and vary in color from or¬
ange yellow through scarlet to deep crim¬
son, all with deep yellow throats. Some
are quite hooded in form, others more
open. 'I lie foliage is the largest and most
luxuriant we have ever seen in the Gladi¬
olus family, and is ornamental in al
stages of growth, being specially impres¬
sive just as the bloom spikes appear. The
variety, or rather race, if we consider the
varying shades of color and slight modi
fications of form, is late blooming, the
flowers appearing in different individuals
from August to late October, no matter
how early the conns are planted. It ap
pears to grow best in ordinary light gar¬
den soil, and is not benefited by applica¬
tions of animal manures, though quite
responsive to good chemical fertilizers.

1 lie name, “Autumn Giant,” has been
selected as appropriate on account of its
tall growth and late blooming qualities.
It is so sturdy and vigorous that it is not
easily blown over by storms, notwith¬
standing its unusual height. The bulblets
or eormels, by which the plants increase,
are the largest ever grown on the Rural
Grounds, often reaching the size of a
hickorynut and blooming the next year
if given enough space to develop. Au¬
tumn Giant, coming into bloom after other
varieties have ceased, furnishes a brilliant
garden decoration when bright-colored
blooms are scarce, and appears valuable
for cut blooms to accompany Chrysanthe¬
mums and other Autumn flowers. Gladi¬
olus Quartinianus, the parent species, is
not without charm. The foliage is very
luxuriant, and the small flowers bright
red and yellow The bloom spike, does
not form, however, until late October, just
in time to be caught by hard frosts. In
seven years’ trial we have never been
able to bloom the species except under
glass protection. Autumn Giant gives us
the imposing plant of the parent with far
larger and more brilliant blooms devel¬
oping in suitable season.

Scale and Scale Killers.' — We have
received some rather pointed letters con¬
cerning failures of limoid-kerosene and
liver-of-sulphur-lime scale washes as used
on the Rural Grounds. The writers as¬
sume that not enough care was taken in
making up and applying these insecticides;
that too much was expected of them in
the way of ridding badly crusted trees with
a single application, and one critic, at,
least, seemed to think it not good policy
to report failures that might discourage
others from trying a promising remedy.

To all of this we reply that the mix¬
tures were made up, possibly not with
( laboratory precision, but with sufficient
care to satisfy an earnest fruit grower,
and personally sprayed on, covering every
part of the trees above ground. We ex¬
pected the mixtures to kill every scale
that was fairly hit, and we took care to
hit them all. In both cases early Spring
applications were made, and by midsum¬
mer the trees were about as thicklv coated

as ever with larvae and young scales,
showing the remedies to be ineffectual.
Whale-oil soap, two pounds to the gallon,
and crude petroleum applied on different
trees at the same time completely cleared
them of scale for the season.

Liver-of-sulphur-lime wash is not the
true boiled lime-sulphur preparation,
though there is no denying the contained
sulphur is in perfect solution. It was
claimed by the experiment stations to be
as effective as boiled lime and sulphur.
It is much more convenient, though ex¬
pensive. We have never boiled lime and
sulphur for the regular California wash,
as we regard it as too troublesome to
make in a small way, but think we have
proved the liver-of-sulphur-lime combi¬
nation to be at least unreliable under our
conditions. Prof. Close recommends
limoid and kerosene at strengths of 20
and 25 per cent kerosene for use on dor¬
mant trees. We used it with IS per cent
kerosene, and failed appreciably to reduce
the scale. It may be that the additional
amount of kerosene would have made the
application effectual, but a better showing
of the 18 per cent mixture was certainly
expected.

We hold that a scale remedy worth
practical consideration should have at
least as wide limits of variation in prep¬
aration as Bordeaux Mixture among fun¬
gicides, that it should be of quick and in¬

expensive preparation with home facilities,
and when well applied it positively should
clear out the pest for a season without
serious damage to the trees. Fruit grow¬
ers are awaiting such a remedy, and will
be satisfied with no less.

Pernicious Scale All About. — It may
be well to explain that the writer’s local¬
ity is one of the original centers of east¬
ern scale infection. An enterprising local
nurseryman innocently propagated and
sold new varieties of Japan plums, bought
in California, infected with this Oriental
scale, before the dangerous nature of the
pest was recognized. Scale has therefore
been thoroughly naturalized here over 15
years, and has worked untold damage,
killing out all susceptible trees not under
constant supervision. Wayside and scrub
fruit trees have nearly disappeared, with
the exception of cherry and Sand pear
seedlings, which seem able to hold their
own. Countless orchard and garden fruit
trees have been swept away, thus concen¬
trating the surviving scales on those now
in cultivation, as contrary to expectation
it does not well maintain itself on native
trees and plants. A remedy really effec¬
tive here is likely to be valuable wherever
the pest exists. We have no sympathy
with the idea of withholding adverse re¬
ports of tests honestly made. If the rem¬
edy is a good one it will win its way, not¬
withstanding occasional failures in inex¬
perienced hands.

Bonora on Cabbages and Flowering
Plants. — We have before mentioned the
effectiveness of Bonora, a commercial
plant food, on various plants. The makers

now claim to have improved it by the
addition of a lacking ingredient, making it
a complete fertilizer, without changing its
convenient, odorless character. Having at
hand some of the new Bonora we tried it
on a dozen late cabbage plants set in poor
soil that had ceased growth and showed
no indications of forming heads, and on
50 plants of a choice variety of Phlox
Drummondi growing thickly in a “flat”
or three-inch box of soil. The Phlox
plants were showing signs of starvation in
spindling growth and yellow foliage. Four
applications, one week apart, of one part
Bonora to 100 of water, were made both
to the cabbages in the garden and the
flower plants in the box. The result was
renewed growth, visible at end of first
week, deep green color of foliage in two
weeks in both cases, 11 solid heads of
cabbage in the garden and a mass of brill¬
iant bloom covering the crowded Phloxes
at this writing, eight wgeks after the first
application. Both lots of plants were in
condition to respond to any good quick¬
acting fertilizer, but with some experience
in handling home and commercial ma¬
nures we have never found anything to
equal Bonora for quick and positive effect
when additional plant food is plainly need¬
ed. While most effective in its way,
Bonora is probably too expensive for gen¬
eral use as sold in small packages. For
special applications we know nothing bet¬
ter. _ w. v. F.

Killing Canada Thistle. — On page 665
G. 15. D. says if anyone has mastered a patch
of Canada thistles he should like to know his
experience. I have killed three patches hy
mowing them when it rained. n. l. p.

Middlesex Co., Conn.

Material from the $50,000,000 St. Louis World’s Fair

Snecial to readers of RURAL NEW YORKER, Low prices on Lumber, Building Ma-
_ _ terial, Merchandise , Machinery, Household Goods, etc . _

NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY

SAVE 30 TO 50%

on anything you need on the farm, in the
home or shop. Study carefully the rea¬
sons why wc are able to quote lower
price, than anybody else, and then de¬
cide to place a trial order with us. The
Chicago House Wrecking Company, (Capi¬
tal and Surplus *1,000,000) is the largest in
stltutlon of its kind in the world. We are
constantly buying stocks of New General
Merchandise, Household Supplies, etc. at

Sheriffs’, Receivers’, Trustees', As-

slgnees* and Manufacturers’ Sales

This moans that new goods of standard
merit and quality are sold direct to you at
less than actual cost price. You would be
compelled to pay 30 to 60% more at other
houses for same material. Do not fail to
read the following special offers if you
want to save money on your purchases.

STEEL ROOFING and SIDING

new. painted on both Bides, most durable
and economical rooting for houses, barns
and sheds— iD fact for all buildings.

91.60 PER 100 SQUARE FEET.

This is our No. 15 grade, semi-hardened,
flat. 24x24 inches.

Corrugated, V Crimped or stand¬
ing seam, per sq,, $1.60, also comes
in (J and 8 loot lengths at 50cper aq. more.

Beaded Ceiling and
Siding, per Bq..$2.25
Imitation Brick
Siding per Bq...$2.25
WE PAY THE FREIGHT
East of Colorado, except
Oklahoma. Ind. Terr, and
Texas. Prices to other
points on application. No
special tools needed. Full
directions furnished.

supplies or materials you may need for contemplated im¬
provements about your place. History repeats itself, and
now after having dismantled every exposition of modern
times, including the Chicago World’s Fair, 1893;
The Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, ISOI;
The Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha,
1899, and innumerable public buildings, we have purchased

“ t50.000.000 St, Louis World’s Fair

and consequently have an immense stock of first class ma¬
terial of every kind and for every purpose. Shrewd pur¬
chasers; those who know agood bargain, and appreciate the
quality of material used in the constructions of the most
magnifleient and expensive World’s Exposition of modern
times, are flooding us wi th orders. There is nothing used in
the construction of a building of any kind, or for furnishing
same, that we cannot supply. Look up your needs and get
our catalogue. The prices speak for themselves. Tell us
what you want. Every day finds our stock of big World’s
JFairJhH-gains^nucl^smaller^JTjfrati^idaj^^^^^^^^^^

OUR GUARANTEE

We positively guarantee that all pur¬
chases of any kind made from U3 will be
thoroughly satisfactory, and articles and
supplies exactly as represented. You can
placeyour order with us In confidence that
you will not only receive just what you
order and pay for, but with the further as¬
surance that in case you find the goods not
as represented, you can return same and
your money will bo refunded without quib¬
bling or delay. Send us your inquiries for
what you may be in need of in the line of

general farm and building supplies, house-
old goods, etc.

Our REFERENCES

We welcome Investigation as to our re¬
liability. Look us up in Dun’s, Bradstreetsor
any other responsible commercial agency
or express company. Ask any banker, or
refer to the Drovers Deposit National Bank,
and other Chicago banks.

LOWEST PRICES OH
LUMBER OF ALL KINDS

Including building material of ercry de¬
scription from the St. Louis World's Fair.
Here is one chance to get a lumber bargain
SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR
ESTIMATE.

Save 30% to 60% It You Buy At Once,
8tudding, Joists, planking, dressed and
matched flooring, sheathing, timbers, in
fact lumber lor any purpoee, from the
exhibition palaces World-! Fair. Quick
delivery. Besides lumber we bare all
kinds of sash, doors, hardware, electric
apparatus, flags, poles, tool!, turnstiles,
statues, railing. moulding. Iron rode, and
thousands of other article!.

STOVES & RANGES

From the World’s Fair.

We have over 200 stoves, used
only during the Exposition.
Oak Heaters, each. $3.95
Hot Hlast Stoves :

Small size at • - 7.00

Medium size at • - 9.50

Largo size at - • 12.75

Cannon Heaters:

8mall size at 4.80

Large size at - - 7.75

Air Tight Wood
Heaters, from - - $1.50 to 7.50

Kitchen Range from 4.00 to 20.00

Kitchen Cabinets

$8.75

Handsome and useful

Eiece of furniture for the
ouse.

Better than a pantry
An ornament to
any kitchen.
Beautiful Kitchen
Cabinets Just like
illustration, all nicely
golden oak finished,
each • - $8.75

MODERN PLUMBING MATERIAL

We offer you a saving of SO to GO % on
anything you need in this line. We can
furnish you all the comforts of a city
dwelling even if you have no water supply.
With our modern "Couctry Homes Water
Supplies” you live like a kiug. Write us.
Ila.ds.me Steel 41? ft. Bath Tub . . $6.30
Wash Stands, handsome, complete. 7.50 up
.Water Clouets •• 7.00 up
'Knam’d Slake. ...1.10 up
A Modern Bath
Room Outfit,

Complete . . 25.00 up

Linoleum and Carpets at Halt Price

FROM THE WORLD'S FAIR.
1000 Yards Oil Cloth, good as new
excellent patterns, various designs. 1.
nnd2yard8 wide, per sq. yd. .19 cents
3000 Yards Semi Scotch Linol¬
eum, finest quality, practically new,
handsome assortment of designs, in 2
yard widths, medium quality, per square
yard, 35 cent!. Heaviest quality, per

square yard . . 40 cents

250 Floor Rugs, heavy texture. 0x9.

each . $1.90

Large Variety, combination of colors.

from . . 50c to $50

400 Yards Ingrain Carpets, dark

green body, floral de¬
signs. lull widths
thoroughly renovated
looks like new. Price
per yard, .30 cents

’EAGLE” FELT ROOFING rc°° ,or

100 aq.lt

2 Ply “Eagle” Braad Ready Roofing with-

H out supplies, per sq. ... 60c
Vulcanite Rooting with nails,
capBandcement.pr sq.$1.7f>
Oelr.lzeS Rubber Reefing,
extensively used on high
grade buildings, practical
(or lining purposes. Nails,
caps, cement, furnished
complete. 108 sq. ft. ..$1.50
Better grades also.

Eave Troughs, Down 8pout-
ings.Valleys, Ridge Rolls, etc
SAMPLES FREE.

Extension Table $10.25

Boat selected oak, with finest Golden
Oakflnlsh,top
>42 Inches, pil¬
lars T Inches
thick, hand
carved, 6 ft. extension,
each . 910.25

8 ft. extension..*11.75
600 Tables In

handsomedesigns
fromSt-LoulsFalr
at *3.90 to *25 each.

Send for Catalog.

PAINTS

30 cents Per Gallon

WRITE FOR COLOR CARD, FREE
Barn Paint, In barrel lots, pergal..80c
Cold Water Paints, per

pound . 6c

“Perfection” Mixed l m

Paints, per gal . H

“Premier” Brand, Syear^*— J
guaranteed, per gal.. 95c
Varnishes, Venetian Red,

Oils, stains and everything
In the paint and oil line.

Orders Filled Promptly

GASOLINE ENGINE $60

8 H. P. fine farm en¬
gine, for sawing wood .
pumping, churning and
general purposes. An
economical farm
power. Guaranteed,

i . *60.00

With pumping Jack,

. *65.00

Machinery of all
kinds. Engines rang
ing from 1 to 1000 H. P.
Pumping machinery
and equipment.

WIRE NAILS, $1.50 PER I OO

10,000 Kegs Mixed Wire Nails, each containin,
110 lbs. and ranging from 3 to 30 pennyweight, all kinds
keg. Special prices per keg
Wire Spikes, per 100 lbs
— N f ”

Wire Nails, 'one size, per l66#ibs.

Cement Coated Wire Nails

ij- 1

keg ,

> LBS. f ft TtTV

| | | 1 I 1

CHAIR BARGAINS

600 beautiful box fash¬

ioned dining room or

library chairs exactly
like illustration. Can be
had in Golden, Flemish
or Weathered Oak finish-
es. Seats of genuine
hand caning. Pattern en¬
tirely mew. While they
last each . 98<j

Others at 90, 80, TO, and
eoc.

12-TON JACK SCREW, 80c

Four Carloads, Brand
NewCastlronStand, wrought
iron screw, deep set thread. The
best made, ana biggeit bargain in
the lot at these prices:

1*4 in. dlam.. 12 ton..90.80
Ha '• 16 •’ - 1.10

2 “ “ 20 " “ 1.15
Honse Raising Jacks, 1.40
1 Lever Jacks, each 5.00

$5.10 Anti-Freezlne Pump

SPECIAL OFFER ON PUMPS.

Windmill Lift Pumps, each. S3. 65

_ Pumps _

Thrasher Tank Pumps . 5.50

Hydraulic Rams . 4.75

Galvanized Storage Tanks.

World’s Fair Furnituro

*100,000
worth of
high
r r a d e
urnlture
from the
World’s
Fair.

100 Morris Chairs. . Each, *5.50

150 Couches. . Each, 94.00 to *5.00

260 Office Desks . mach, *16.00

2,000 Dressers . Each, *5.00

2.000 Iron Beds . Each. *2. 85

EXTRAORDINARY BED BARGAIN

96.96 EACH.

Exactly like illustra¬
tion, heavy posts, hand¬
some scroll workfillnig.
Five colors, black, red,
white, green or blue.

Two izei, full
and three quar¬
ter, complete
with well brac¬
ed spring and
splendidcotton
top mattresses
all for 95.95

100 LBS. WIRE $1.40

Lowsst Prices on Galvanized Wire.

Wire Shorts, No. 1* gauge, per 100 lb.

bale . *1.40

Annealed Wire, new, H to 18 gauge,

- per 100 lbs . 91.90

B. R. Telephone
Wire, continuous
lgths, 100 lbs. *2.75
Painted Barbed
Wire, 100 lbs. *2.20
Galvanized Barbed
Wire, 100 lbs. *2.60
Poultry Netting,
cal.. 100 ad. ft. . ,40r

HANDSOME GOLDEN OAK
FINISHED DRESSERS

$7.75 EACH.

Like illustration, have
large French bevelled
mirrors, size 18x20. Bases
contain splendid cabinet
work, well polished —
usually retailing at from
$11.00 to $15.00, while they
last, each .... 97.75
Others Dressers as low
as . 97.50

PIPE

10,000,000 feet of
pipe, overhauled and
in good condition. It
comes from the World’s Fair. Wrought
Iron Pipe with screwed ends and threac-
ed couplings, straight and in good con¬
dition.

1 inch, per foot ....... 8*2 cts.

I1.: inch, per foot ....... 4 4 cts.

lb. inch, per foot ....... 51? cts.

OUR NEW 500 PAGE CATALOG No, 57 FREE

This book Is one that every shrewd buyer must send for. It is full of bargains from cover
to cover, and quotes the very lowest prices on everything needed on the farm and In the
home. You will save money by referring to It often. The list above shows only a few
articles out of thousands described, but the prices give you an Idea of what you can save
by sending your orders to us. Cut out this ad. Make a cross mark on those Items that
most Interest you, and we will send you much valuable information. Also fill in the cou¬
pon to your right. Our new catalogue will be sent you absolutely free and prepaid.

Or send us your name snd address, wh.re you have seen this ad. and .hat items Interest you.

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING C0.r 35th & Iron Sts,, Chicago, III.

Chicago House Wrecking Company,

35th 8s Iron Sts.. Chicago.

Iam areader of RURAL NEW YORKER, pend me one of

your large 600 page catalogues as advertised in this paper.

NAME .

ADDRESS .

R. R. OR P. O, BOX. ....... ..

STATE .

!»♦«♦*>>*!!*♦♦«»

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

795

Hope Farm Notes

Washing Machines. — To be honest, I
must say that this woman expresses some
sentiments held by the Hope Farm folks :

‘I don't believe there is or ever was a

the possible exception of Rhode Island there
is no State in the Union where the average
legislator cuts a poorer and more dummy
like figure than he does in New Jersey. I
would like to go there, keep out of all
caucuses, introduce about five radical bills,
and root-prune them as we do our apple
trees !

They would be laughed out of the Legisla-
. . . ftirt out tr:e. Oh, I don’t know — at any rate they

machine made that will punc would make a few scratches on the way out !

of clothes. My son bought me a machine Qne thing is sure — the fellow who knows
tint was advertised to be the best 1 he can't be elected has more fun than any
.... ... m a Ha mv i,nrk a che other candidate, and dreams of greatness do

couldn t use it, it made J . ' not disturb him. You gain practice in the

When the men folks could help it did very neglected art of shaking hands, and take

good work. I had to rub my clothes, I use
Naphtha soap; boil my clothes; don't believe
one can wash week after week real dirty
clothes and not have them grimy without
boiling. 1 have washed 53 years. That
does not prove I am an expert. While Mrs.
G. was getting her clothes ready for her
candy pails I could have them half rubbed.
The only way to wash clean, I think, is
use plenty of soap and elbow grease. My
folks say washing is my hobby ; perhaps
it is." E- s- B-

Primrose, It. I.

The saving grace of that is that the men
folks could help. I suppose one of the
greatest tests for philosophy and affection for
his wife that a man can show is to appear
happy when his neighbors come and catch
him a't the job of beating a carpet, washing
dishes or helping the women folks with the
wash ! I understand why washing machines
are not as popular as mowers or reapers,
though if a man would only think so they

You also

the

fresh interest in your neighbors,
see many sides of human nature.

“Y'ou won’t get as many votes as
Socialists will,” said one citizen.

“Well, what would that prove?"

He hasn’t quite demonstrated yet !

Farm and Home. — Why is old iron so
cheap while iron and steel goods are still
high? All we are offered is 25 cents per 100
pounds — less than in former years. Quite a
quantity has accumulated on the farm, but
peddlers do not seem to care for it as in

other years . Tank water is poor

stuff to drink. It seems as if our tank
needs a thorough cleaning every three months.
Even when a tank is kept well closed filth
and slime seem to gather. Most unfiltered
water kept in wood or metal will become
stale. It appears to be a growth in the
water, and even in pipes direct from springs
I hear of serious trouble with these growths.
It has been suggested by some scientists that
small quantities of sulphate of copper put in
the water will purify it by killing off these
growths. Not any for me, please. I prefer
to use Bordeaux Mixture externally. A
number of cases are reported where this use
of copper has proved injurious. . . . I

have learned a good deal about drainage this
Fall. By cleaning out an open ditch so

give him far more conquering power for his as to give the water from the spring a clear

f . . ,. mnvhine on the and rapid course I find that the wet land

brute force than any other machine on rue ^ the *jower fields dries out perceptibly. I

farm! With more than half a centuiy o would not have believed that the slow and

washing behind her this woman may safely clogged stream running through the old ditch

She has removed forced the water back into the soil as it

be classed as an expert,
the “peck of dirt" which each of us is said
to accumulate for a small army of persons.
“Soap and elbow grease ’ is a hard combin-
ation to beat — most people want to use more
of the former and less of the latter, and
sometimes soft soap at that. My observa¬
tion is that all housekeepers have certain
rules of propriety which habit has well
fixed. It is like hunting for serious trouble
to suggest much change. For example, the
minister had supper with us the other night,
and several chickens helped give a warm
reception from the frying pan. I thought it
very appropriate to give the minister a wing,
but Mother interfered and demanded a share
of the most material part of the bird !

Bloodhounds. — A Connecticut man asks
me to give a personal opinion on the fol¬
lowing :

“Is it safe to keep a bloodhound? If
not, what danger?”

I am a poor dog man and never kept a
bloodhound. In the South I met a man
who claimed to have owned a pack of dogs
that were used to chase slaves. At Ander-
sonville I met another man who saw the dogs
kept at the prison. These men claimed that
the English bloodhound is or was a good

(ORNISH

PIANOS

AND

ORGANS

$25

FIRST

PAYMEHT

Balance at your own
convenience.

has done. The prospect now is that we shall
be able to dry and warm two fields that will
give us the best soil on the farm. What a
blunder we have made in neglecting this

draining. . . . The best of the Alfalfa

which was seeded on August 20 is now at
least 15 inches high, and thick all over the
ground. It was clipped, both to protect the
roots and make the plants branch out more.
The fourth growth on the old field averaged
over a foot high by October 20. “Great
stuff” is no name for the crop ! . . . .

Hope Farm was well represented at the

church harvest home celebration. Mother
was on a “committee.” I stood around and
tried to look wise — and picked up a few
votes or promises — -while I fear that our
family's attention to the supper table made
serious inroads into the profits. . . . We

are still planting strawberries and seeding
rye. Most of this planting is from our own
bed, but 2,000 plants have been bought. Our
own varieties are President, Marshall and
Mead, and we have bought Excelsior, New
Home, Glen Mary and Gandy. Excelsior is
ranked as the best early berry — it is new
to us. I am frequently criticised for planting
in the Fall, but on our damp soil the plants
make a good start, and if well covered will
start in the Spring ahead of Spring-set
plants. I do not advise Fall planting for all
situations. We save our hen manure for the
strawberries, scraping it from under the
roosts and scattering it along the rows. All
chickens are to be killed and picked in the
henhouse, so that the blood and feathers can
be saved with the manure. Every ounce of
fertility must be saved and cared for, be

TWO YEARS’ CREDIT IF NEEDED

Simple as A B C to furnish your home with a beautiful High-
Grade Cornish Plano or Organ, on a plan of payment arranged
to meet your convenience. Special torms. Wo can satisfy any

honest person and savo
one-half what agents
and dealers charge. Ev¬
erybody has the benefit
of our Factory prices and
can buy on any term? in
reason. Wo will shipany
Piano or Organ on 30
days' trial. Freight paid
— no money In ad¬
vance. Goods shipped
at our risk and safe delivery guaranteed. Payment commences
after one month’s use in your own home. Wo do not make or sell
cheap, trashy goods, butonly thooldreliableCornishPianosand
Organs. High Grado, First Class. Warranted for twenty-five years.

Distance is no objec¬
tion. We ship promptly
everywhere. We have
250,000 satisfied patrons.

If you want to buy a first-class
Piano or Organ at factory cost wo
invito you to write to us to-day
for our remarkable collection of

AIDS TO PURCHASERS.

Dietz Lanterns

The people who study lanterns and
know whatthey ought to get and what
not to get in a lantern are Dietz buy¬
ers. When they know all about tne
can’t-leak oil pot, made of tin without
a speck of solder, the best quality
glass, tin and wire, the convenientside
lever, the all-round convenience, the
cleanliness, the safety of a Dietz Cold
Blast lantern, a dealer has trouble in
selling them any other. Then, when
they think of the

“Clear, White Light of the

DIETZ"

that settles it. Yo”'ll find a Dietz
lantern dealer in most every town.
But before you go to buy let us mail
you f ree a book to post you up a little.
You’ll not be persuaded if you’re
posted. Then if you find no Dietz
dealer in your town, just write us.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St., NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

FREE

natured dog useful mainly to follow the cause as our young trees come into bearing
Other uglier dogs went along to do they must w^ltlSt KcVf^fuf fS
need be. The Cuban blood- w(u <]ernan(] it. . . . We have nearly 30

scent.

the fighting if

hound on the other hand seems to lie fero¬
cious, and is when crossed with another
large breed a dangerous animal. I was told
that in Cuba the hounds were sometimes
chained fast, and then slaves were made to
tease and worry them until they became
nearly frantic. This continued nagging was
said to produce a family of dogs that were
like tigers. I know of two large black dogs
said to be “part bloodhound." They are bad
citizens to strangers, but would die for any
member of the family. It was my Impression
that they got their ugly temper from the
“other blood." The truth is 1 know little
about it. Who does? What does a farmer
want a bloodhound for?

“Public Office.”- — A friend of mine was
once running for office on an independent
ticket. Here is part of a speech he made —
under some excitement : “Gentlemen, this is
a great year for the independent voter — he
wants a chance to show bis hatred for public
rascals. Why. if a yellow dog ran for office
this year people would be glad to vote for
him — therefore gentlemen — vote for me!”

Now some yellow dogs, like mastiffs, are
worth considerable money, and if they ran
after an office seriously I think most candi¬
dates would vacate hurriedly. My friend
didn’t mean to compare himself with a dog,
and he made a mistake in his estimate of the
independent vote. The Hope Farm man has
been nominated for the New Jersey Legisla¬
ture. The party he runs — or walks — -with,
is not very popular and the chances are that
a green or a red dog regularly nominated by
one of the strong parties would chase the
Hope Farmer a mile away from the race.
1 know that it takes a ton of promises to get
one vote actually into the box. and I feel
rather sorry for some of these candidates
who really expect to be elected. I have
heard of the office seeking the man. but I
cannot say that this office is chasing me with
the scent of a bloodhound. I am willing to
stand still and let it catch me. For, I must
confess that for some reasons I would like
to go to Trenton privileged to butt in and
say what I liked. Politics in New Jersey
is cut up so fine and dried so dry that
political independence is laid away upon the
shelf with dust an inch thick upon it. The
railroads, steam and electric, the big corpora¬
tions with leases that run into the next

1. The Beautiful Cor¬
nish Album, a marvel of
printing, color and design.

Z. A set of colored and
embossed Miniature Pianos
and Organs ,

3. Our unique registered
reference book — 6,000 recont
purchasers' names and ad¬
dresses — some that you
know.

4. Our plan to give every
purchaser 96 FREE muslo

lessons— Die most success¬
ful tuition in the world.

All these FREE If you write AT ONCE and mention this magazine.

REMEMBER!!!

We makehoreinourown
largo and complete Fac¬
tories in beautiful North¬
ern Now Jersey, the
World-ronownod Cor¬
nish American Pianos
and Organs. We employ
hundreds of skilled me¬
chanics, and wo build and sell at First Cost direct to the general
public the finest Pianos and Organs in America. You can't get
a Cornish if you don't
come to us direct, and if
y ou do wo i nsu re you r sati s-
faction by our iron-clad
bond backed up by a Mil-
lion Dollars of Plant
ami Property.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks are tight and durable.

Our Towers will stand In any storm.

Get our references in your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and pricelist.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

$10

FIRST

PAYMENT

Balance $5 a month or
at your convenience.

acres of good timber on the farm, and some
of it is ripe for cutting. Timber of all
kinds has jumped up in price, and even
chestnut is now being sawed up for joists and
hoards. A few years ago buyers were indif¬
ferent, but now they want the wood. Most
of them want to go in and out the whole
thing off. but none of that for Hope Farm.
Mother says she will move away if we do
that. \Ye shall sell only the large trees that
are ready or in the way of smaller ones,
and if possible we prefer to cut them our¬
selves.

A Flower Club. — I am glad to print this
sensible letter — with which we fully agree:

“Dear Hope Farmer : Sometime ago I was
offered the local agency of a mutual fire
insurance company, the majority of whose
members are farmers, I accepted it, as it
would take very little of my time away from
my farm save in Winter, and in visiting the
various farms whose owners were members
of the company I have been forcibly struck
with one great and deplorable fact : the
almost entire absence of flowers on the farm,
or any effort toward beautifying the sur¬
roundings of the home. This seems to me
little short of a crime if the children are
taken into consideration. To bring up a
child in the country where with so little time
and money it may be surrounded with the
beautiful evidences of the Creator’s good¬
ness, to bring up such a child with no thought
save the almighty dollar is to rob the child
of part of its birthright.

“Now bring it down to a practical view¬
point, suppose you were traveling in a
strange countrv and were forced to put up
at the first dwelling on your way. Would
you not feel a greater sense of security if
you found the man of the house digging up
a flower bed for his wife or gathering flowers
for his children? You would unconsciously,
and you would do so because of the fact
that no man with a love of flowers can ever
he wholly wicked. Flowers are a direct gilt
of the Creator, and no one can love the
gifts without partaking, if in ever so small
a degree of reverence for the Creator. Do
we not owe it as a duty to our children and
our neighbors’ children as far as possible
to see that the dormant love of flowers is cul¬
tivated? Now all things are lawful, but all
things are not expedient, but 1 trust the
following suggestion may prove to he both :
Invite the readers of your weekly letters to
form a children's Flower League, the only
conditions of membership to be that each
member pledge himself to plant at least one
bulb of some flowering plant every Fall and
plant at least one bed of flowers or one
flowering plant every Spring." p. b. crosby.

Maryland.

That’s a good suggestion. Let’s organize
the league at once — all plant a bulb this
Fall if possible. Why yes — I would rather
help put flowers into the life of children —
than he elected to the I-eglslature ! The

pc PER
99 MONTH

On Our Easy Pay¬
ment Plan.

Don’t think of buying
elseivhere — Get the Cor¬
nish Plan First.

(ORNISH (0.

Washington, New Jersey

Established 60 Years

We will sell a
sample 3Q H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger & Bro.

400 Cherry Street

’Wrightsville, Penna.

THE WATERLOO

GASOLINE ENGINE.

A POPULAR
ENGINE AT THE
RIGHT PRICE.

Write to-day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

WATERLOO. IOWA

ABENAQUE

GASOLINE
ENGINES,

PORTABLE and STATIONARY

When you buy an

Abenaque Gasoline
Engine

you are protected by a
reliable guarantee and
the high quality of our
machines

ONE PRICE TO ALL

Write for Cata¬
log O, and learn
the extra equip¬
ment that goes i
FREE with I
our engines.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS,

Westminster Station, Vt.

9

Just Think Of It!

This Ws to 2- Horse Power Gasoline Traction
Engine can easily be started by a boy and run
to your work (which is located at many dif¬
ferent places on the farm), such as driving
Water Pumps, Cream Separators, Wash Ma¬
chines, Butter Churns, Corn Shelters, Cider
Mi'ls, Chopping Mills, Wood Saws, Spraying
Machines, and drawing carts or wagons.

You would not be without this Engine for
three times the price if you had one.

TRACTION, - - $150

STATIONARY, - $100

Less 5if if Check or Draft is sent witli order. Write
plainly to what freight station we are to ship.

KREIDER MACHINE CO.,

LANCASTER, PA.

9 CORDS IH 10 HOURS BY OHE MAH

RUNS EASY; NO BACKACHE.
Forced lo cut

Springs can
be adjusted
to suit a boy
12 years old
or the
strongest
man.

Easily

Carried.

Folds

Like a

Pocket

Knife.

With our Folding Sawing Machine. Saws any kind of Umber. Instantly adlustod to cut log square on rough or level
ground. Operator always stands straight. One man can saw moro with it than two men can in any other way, ana ao it
easier. Saw blades 5!^, 6, 6!^ or 7 ft. long. Champion, Diamond or Lance Tooth, to suit your timber. GUARANTbb.
_ If any part breaks within throe yoars, we will send a new part without charge. Send for Froo Catalog showing latest

Improvements, giving testimonials from thousands. First order secures agency.

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., 158-164 E. Harrison St., Chicago. Illinois.

tlons with leases tnar run inro tne next iuau ue Ti \ C17,

century, the big breweries and the rumshops Apple Consumers League is well enough in its
are like the works in the clock that run the way, blit the flower league hits another side
members of the Legislature around. With of human nature. H- w- c-

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers aod buy tho Genuine, saw
Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. Wo pay the freight.

DeLOACH MILL M’F’O. CO., Box 302.' Atlanta, Ga.

796

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homei,

Established 1850.

Herbert w. Collingwood, Editor.

i>r. Walter Van Fleet,
Mrs. K. T. Koyle,

(

Associates.

John J Dillon. Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. Od., or 8 V& marks, or 10>/3 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement In this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns. and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to u's within one
month of t lie time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Can anyone tell us of a hard drinker of liquor who
also eats apples freely? We have hunted for such a
man, hut have never found him. Do you know him?
We believe that apple eating leads to temperance in the
use of liquor. Is it so?

*

One thing quite needful to us just now is information
about drainage. We want to know most of all if any¬
one has been able to use plows or machinery to dig
ditches or lay the tile. Is there any practical back-
saver or must it all be done by hand? Who can tell
us about this?

*

Analysis has shown from 10 to 12 per cent of alcohol
in “hard” cider, while average beer will show about
eight per cent. When a man goes down cellar and
takes a horn of hard cider and then declaims against the
beer saloon what a strong and consistent argument for
temperance he must make !

*

You would be surprised to see how many readers use
the “little envelope” and send a trial subscription. A
number of readers have sent for packages of the envel¬
opes and carry them about, always ready to capture
a “trial.” These trials generally grow into blessings,
for most of them renew and they all seem to get their
money’s worth. Dispatches from Washington state that
there is an increased demand for new one dollar hills.
We shall evidently get our share of them !

*

We have seen farmers at work in the cornfield in
the Middle West who had little respect for the stalks.
They drive through the field with a screen at one side
of the wagon, and snap off the ears and throw them at
the wagon box, as is shown at Fig. 337, page 790. That
seems like a great waste of material to the eastern
farmer who cuts and ties up the stalks and then gets
down on his knees to husk. And what he does seems
like a waste of time and energy to the western man, hut
a modification of the eastern plan is slowly crawling
West.

*

That children’s flower league suggested on page 795
is a good thing to join. Mr. Crosby is right in what
he says about children and flowers. It has always been
a great pleasure to The R. N.-Y. people to realize that
we have helped put climbing roses on many farmhouses.
These roses have climbed right into the home. There
are plenty of cases wnere the man of the house, indif¬
ferent at first, would not have them permanently re¬
moved for $50. By all means, interest the children in
flowers — you can hardly do a better thing for them.

*

A Canadian agricultural society is reported to be
doing valuable work by giving prizes for the best-kept
farms. It is suggested that if this scheme were adopted
in place of exhibitions in some localities it would be a
great aid to agriculture. It is also suggested by Cana¬
dian officials that some of the money spent in fairs
might be used by agricultural societies in the purchase
of purebred animals, for the purpose of grading up
native stock. Anything that aids a farmer to feel
greater pride in his surroundings, whether the condition

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. November 4,

of his farm or the quality of his stock, is legitimate
work for an agricultural society. A competition for the
best-kept farm might have a wonderful effect in the
improvement of a rural neighborhood.

*

In preparing a book which should really tell a busy
farmer how to plan and plant a garden we have been
surprised to see how wide of the mark most books are.
The authors seem to know their subjects thoroughly,
but are not well acquainted with their audience. They
assume that their readers know all about it, while in
reality they know little or nothing. Suppose a man
came to us dying of thirst, and we rolled some hard
snowballs and tossed them to him. That is not a bad
illustration of the way some farm or gardening books
must appeal to the reader! One trouble seems to be
that the making of farm books has passed almost en¬
tirely into the hands of scientific men, who think they
know what a farmer ought to have, but who apparently
do not know what lie needs.

*

A northern farmer sowed cow peas on a strip of
poor soil. They made a fair growth, and were left to
rot down upon the ground. When Spring came there
was nothing left but a few little sticks, and the farmer
made all manner of fun of cow peas. He said he could take
a bushel of chips from under the wood pile and help the
ground more than those “sticks” would do. He aban¬
doned his experiment in disgust, and plowed the entire
field without marking the cow-pea ground. An agent
for a low-grade fertilizer came along and got him to
try an experiment with the cheap goods. It happened
that this cheap fertilizer was put on the strip where
the cow peas had grown. That strip outyielded similar
ground at its side where a fertilizer worth twice as
much was used. 1 he cow peas were responsible for the
increase, hut the farmer gave the low-grade fertilizer the
credit, and used it largely the next year. The result
was a loss. It surely requires faith to believe that
what is left of a cow-pea crop in Spring has any value,
for it must be “evidence of things unseen.”

*

Concerning cross-bred bloodhounds, referred to in
Hope Farm Notes, it is more than possible that the
degree of ferocity varies with the individual and with
the education bestowed upon him. Any large dog is
dangerous if lie is not taught absolute obedience and
self-control, but the same thing may be true of any
dog. large or small. The most intelligent dog we ever
knew— a perfect gentleman in dogskin— was a Cuban
bloodhound crossed with English mastiff. He had been
brought up under military discipline, and conducted him¬
self like an old soldier. Had lie been permitted to
grow up a hoodlum, like too many dogs, his size,
strength and courage would have made him dangerous.
We have never been personally acquainted with a pure¬
bred English bloodhound, but as seen at the bench
shows their melancholy, deeply wrinkled faces seem
very friendly, and attract us more than the Great Dane.
We think keenness of scent and great endurance are
the qualities especially cultivated in the English blood¬
hound. The most objectionable dogs we have known,
in actual ferocity, were badly-trained and undisciplined
English mastiffs.

*

A farmer hoy once went to an agricultural college.
During his first term lie listened to some lectures on
“care of animals.” It was in the old days when one
man lectured on half a dozen topics, all the way from
history to veterinary science. The lecturer devoted
some time to the disease in pigs known as “thumps,”
which he said resulted often from lack of exercise. The
hoy took notes and went home for a little vacation.
He was at that age when we fear people will not know
we are wise unless we toot the fact through a horn.
The hoy looked around for something on Father’s
farm that was not “scientific.” He finally found a litter
of little pigs that had been kept close in the pen and
were fat and logy. He saw danger of “thumps” at
once, and urged Father to let them out to run. Father
humored him and the hoy drove the pigs around. He
overdid the exercising and the pigs were so fat that
several of them died ! “Scientific farming” was not
very popular for a few years on that farm. Later on
the hoy gave it a better reputation, when he learned
that the proper way to interpret it was to mix ]0
per cent of theory with 90 per cent of common sense.
Our agricultural colleges do not teach things in that
way now.

*

Last week we refered to the “good roads” amend¬
ment which if voted for will authorize the State
to borrow $50,000,000 for building public highways.
One argument against it is the charge that it
will enrich rural districts at the expense of the city.

It would be impossible to make the country richer with¬
out indirectly benefiting the city. The two are bound
together, each providing a market for the other. The
smoother the roads between them the easier the ex¬
change will be. In the little town where the writer
lived as a boy the grist mill was run by water power

taken from a pond made by a dam at the foot of a
meadow. I he pond was fed by several little streams.
One dry Summer the pond was nearly empty, and the
mill stood still. The miller was laughed at for sending
boys with shovel and hoe up the bed of the streams
to scrape out little channels for the water. He knew
his business. The streams had dried until each was
only a string ot shallow pools. Left alone they would
only evaporate in the sun. The boys connected them
by little ditches, and in this way hundreds of them,
each containing some barrels of water, ran down to
the pond and actually gave power for several day’s
work. 1 he little rural community with a poor road
leading to the railroad is not unlike the pool in the
stream, with energy wasting and wants unsatisfied.
Build a smooth, hard road to the railroad, and the town
and city will feel Lie added business and power, as the
water wheel felt the force of the water when the little
ditch tapped the pool. Instead of growling at whatever
helps the country the city should realize its dependence,
and help the country to secure what belongs to it.

*

1 he State of Pennsylvania offers to give public
spraying demonstrations. Under the direction of Prof.
H. A. Surface, of Harrisburg, circulars are issued in
which we find the following:

The Division of Zoology of the Pennsylvania State De¬
partment of Agriculture is arranging to hold a series of
public orchard meetings — one in eacli township in this State
where the San .lost* scale occurs — for the purpose of show¬
ing the people how to make and apply the best remedies for
the San Jose scale. This office will furnish, without charge,
the necessary material for a demonstration at each orchard
selected, a mounted spray pump and other apparatus, and
an expert to do the spraying and give a talk at the orchard
on t lie day appointed, and to examine specimens of twigs
and fruits that, may be brought to him to tell what pests
infest them, and make inspections of other premises and
answer questions. The owner or manager of the orchard
is asked to do the necessary hauling of apparatus or to care
for the operator and his horse (or do both) and to furnish
a workman to help during the demonstration. All expenses
will be borne by this office and printed posters will be fur¬
nished to announce the dates and places of meetings.

'I his seems to us very useful and sensible work. We
know how hard it is to learn how to do things by
reading or even listening to a speaker in a room or
hall. Out in the orchard, with the actual tools and
materials around him, a teacher can teach so as to
educate. I his seems like a first-rate plan.

BREVITIES.

Better say amen to the “good roads” amendment.

No political pull ever hauled a man toward his best..

is "pure cussedness” worse than the adulterated article?

Aim, not more boys hurt by over play than by over work?

When you cull out the pullets for Winter, what standard!
do you adopt?

Hard! To resist the desire to put on a coat which,
looks as if it would tit !

Did you ever find anything that will really take the
place of a little common sense?

1 iie fellow who starts out to blow his own horn, must
expect that the public will step on his corn.

Buncombe is a favorite crop with most people. It is one
where soft soap entirely displaces elbow grease.

More springs, bolster springs, on lumber wagons make
a live load of a dead one. Saves wheels, saves team ; just
try it.

The worst tiling that can happen to a young man is to
have a rich father. We do not run after the job of convinc¬
ing some boys we know of this fact !

It is stated that many farmer's wives near Harrodsbnrg,
K.v., will hereafter give all the eggs laid by their hens on
Sunday to the cause of foreign missions ! is this another
newspaper “fake?”

Move the wood pile next year and plant corn whore it
stood. You will be surprised to see how the corn grows.
The dark (soil) under the wood pile does the trick _ an il¬

lustration of what a good mulch will do for a tree.

At a sweet corn cannery in New York State many ears ap¬
peared with a dark or bluish color. It is said that some
fanners claimed that tins color was caused by crossing with
elderberry blossoms! Nothing in breeding could lie more
impossible.

In our first page picture a group of New Jersey children
are shown preparing for Halloween. Early in life comes
the habit of putting the burden of labor upon the darker
member of the group! He will have to crawl up by the
skillful use of his hands.

New South Wales tried the experiment . of granting old
age pensions. The theory was that these pensions would
empty 1 he poorhouse and make the inmates more independent.
It failed to do so. After a trial many paupers came back to
the homes and' gave up their pensions.

The Dominion Department of Agriculture will send out
a “seed special” over the Canadian Northern and Canadian
Pacific railroad next January. A staff of experts will give
demonstrations on seed questions and the abolition of
noxious weeds, visiting about 250 places.

Hereafter patent medicine which contain a certain per
cent of alcohol must be regarded as liquors, and subject to
a liquor license. The Government chemists are now ana¬
lyzing samples. We knew a man who persisted in getting
drunk on a well-known brand of “stomach bitters.”

Three Italians from this city recklessly went across the
river to Jersey recently on a shooting trip. Jersey justice
promptly gathered them in. and each man was fined $25
for hunting in the State without a license, and $40 for
shooting robins. After all. these “sportsmen” are as big ^
nuisance as predatory birds.

1905.

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

797

Events of the Week.

tract built ship,
badly done. The
were not properly
additional on the

ion
was due
his opin-
result of

DOMESTIC. — During the inquiry into the Bennington dis¬
aster, at Vallejo, Cal., October 19, Commander George B.
Ransome, head of the engineering department of the Mare
Island Navy Yard, an expert witness for the defense said:
“It is a matter of history that the Bennington is a con-
Tbe riveting around the furnaces was
holes were punched, not drilled, and they
countersunk. For the expenditure of £."0
riveting on the furnaces the disaster to
the Bennington would never have occurred." In addi
to the statement that the collapse of the furnace
to the failure of its material, he explained that, in
ion, the crown sheet of the furnace collapsed as a
overheating and impact, due to changes in temperature, one
rivet having given way under stress, only to be followed by
a like failure of others. ... A terrific gale swept the
Great I.akes October 21 ; many wrecks are reported, with
loss of life. At Buffalo telephone and telegraph lines and
poles, chimneys and trees were blown down and plate glass
windows were broken. One life was lost, that of Stephen
Gablio, a watchman on the steamer Henry Ifolden. He was
blown from the dock and was drowned. The gale blew down
a twelve foot brick wall in front of St. Anne’s Church, and
John Yeager was killed. Stepliania Francowltz, a young
girl, was struck by the same wall and her left leg was
fractured. On the lakes 17 lives were lost, and 20 vessels
wrecked. . . . October 22 a pleasure launch containing

was crushed by a barge near Beverly, N. .1. ; seven

10 men

were drowned,
by the sinking
N. Y. . . .

decided October
New York must

On the same day five persons were drowned
of a rowboat in the Hudson, off Yonkers,
The Supreme Court of the United States
2.1 that State Senator George E. Green of
come to Washington for trial on the charge
of conspiring with George W. Beavers and others to defraud
the Government in the purchase of supplies for the I'ost
Office Department. The decision of the Circuit Court, for
the Northern District of New York ordering Green taken
into custody by the United States Marshall was confirmed.
The proceedings so far have related entirely
of extradition and the merits of the case
considered. . . . Jerry Simpson died at

October 23. Born in the Province of New

to the question
have not been
Wichita, Kan.,
Brunswick 63

years ago and baptised with the plain name of Jerry,
ex-Congressman Simpson earned his famous sobriquet of
“sockless” in his first political campaign by holding out his
insufficiently clad foot to show (he voters how poor the lot
of the hard-worked farmer was, while loafing politicians
were walking about in silk stockings. But before becoming
a farmer-reformer he had been a sailor for 23 years, with
a brief three-month period of soldiering thrown in. When
he was a boy of 6 his parents moved into Oneida County,
N. Y. At 14 he left home and made his way to the lakes.
In the Summer he sailed the lakes. In the Winter, when
navigation was closed, he earned his bread in lumber camps.
The civil war found him willing to fight and he enlisted in
the Twelfth Illinois. But hardly had he reached the front
when illness seized him, and inside of three months he
was sent back home. He returned to the lakes. He rose
from mate to Captain. He became a commander of sailing
and steam craft, with quite a reputation inside his own
narrow sphere. And, as the years went by, he saved a
little money. One day he decided he had enough of the sea,
and with his money he bought a farm in Kansas, settling
first in one county and then moving to another. The politi¬
cal upheaval of 1899 found him rather more prosperous than
the average Kansas farmer, but even then he was very far
removed from wealth. When the Farmers’ Alliance lodges
suddenly decreed that whosoever sought an office should
go officeless and started to scatter Supreme Court and
Cngressional and legislative nominations among farmers,
one of those struck by the political lightning was Jerry
Simpson, who was intrusted with the task of beating Col.
James R. Hallowell of Wichita, one of the most popular and
able Republicans in the Slate for Congress. Col. Hallowed
thought it a great joke. So did the Republican politicians.
And, to make it still better, Simpson, it was found, took
the nomination in earnest. lie went from farm to farm;
lie spoke to the voters in their own homely language; he
spoke of their nearest interests. When at last his oppon¬
ents began to think him dangerous they tried to finish him
by telling as a proof of his iliteracy how he was wont to
spell the name of his home town “Maidson Loge” instead of
Medicine Lodge. Simpson replied that lie was a poor-witted
man who did not know how to spell a name in more ways
than one. And the laugh was on the other side. On election
day the farmers to a man voted for “Sockless” Jerry, with
the result that Hallowed was defeated by such a majority as
the State had never heard of before. This so added to the
popularity of Simpson that he was generally talked of as
a candidate for the Senatorship which the Populist Legis¬
lature had to dispose of. Judge Peffer got it, however, and
when at the end of his first term Simpson was renominated,
defeat was his lot. But two years later he tried again, was
placed on the ticket both by Democrats and Populists, and
defeated the Republican candidate by nearly 3,000 majority.
Of late years Simpson had made his home in New Mexico.

INSURANCE INVESTIGATION.— October 18 the Legis¬
lative Insurance Committee listened to the amazing declara¬
tion of a Mutual Life witness that for the last 10 years
that company had maintained a house at Albany during the
legislative sessions for the mysterious and missing A. C.
Fields, legislative agent; that the bills of the cook and the
butler, the janitor and the caretaker had been paid by the
policyholders of the Mutual and had been hidden from view
under blind charges in the supply department accounts. In
tliis house, while legislators, the witness said, had lived
Appraisal Commissioner Charles P. McClelland, of West¬
chester, a State Senator and member of the Insurance Com¬
mittee. and ex-Senator Graney, of the same county, who
was at first an Assemblyman. Whether the Mutual also
paid their expenses was not disclosed.

PHILIPPINES. — By payment made October 20 of
$3,521,657 the Philippines Government has finally purchased
all of the Friar lands in the islands. The Bureau of Insular
Affairs was informed that the Philippines Sugar Estates
Development Company and the Dominican University of
Santo Tomas have furnished satisfactory deeds to the
Insular government and that the full price had been paid
over. Three hundred thousand dollars was transferred in
Manila and the remainder in New York was paid to Fran-
sisco Gutierrez, a representative of the development company
and of the University of Santo Tomas. The lands which
were purchased comprise about. 400,000 acres.

FARM AND GARDEN.- — -Word was received at the Cor¬
nell Agricultural College Sept. 6 from the director of the
Department of Land Records at Bengal, India, that four

Indian students from Bengal Province will be sent to Cor¬
nell this year to take special work in agriculture. They
will be the first students sent to a college in the United
States by the government of India.

The Western Breeders Consignment Company, consisting
of M. E. Moore, Cameron, Mo., R. W. Maguire. St. Louis,
Mo., and Geo. C. Mosher, Kansas City, Mo., held its second
annual sale of high class registered IIolstein-Friesian cattle,
at (Shady Brook Farm) Cameron, Mo., October 17. The
sale was spirited and very satisfactory, in view of the fact,
that dairying in Missouri is in its infancy. The highest
priced cow brought $310. The average of sale was $109.40.

Attention is called to the regulations concerning entries
to the Winter Fair held by the New York State Breeders'
Association at Syracuse Dec* 19-21, 1905. Entries should
be made on or before December 1, by application to the secre¬
tary, Thomas F. Hunt, Ithaca, N. Y., who will furnish blank
applications on which to specify exhibitor’s name and ad¬
dress; with age and description of animal or other exhibit.
Exhibitor must state that he has complied with the rules
of the Fair. Entries received at Ithaca post-office after
December 1 will be charged double fees. No entries will
he accepted which have been received at the post-office after
December 10. Only one entry fee will be charged upon
each exhibit. The following entry fee will be charged, and
must accompany each application for entry : cattle, $1 ;
sheep, 50 cents; all other entries, 25 cents. Animals and
other exhibits not entered for prizes may be allowed in the
buildings at the discretion of the committee on buildings,
stalls and pens, under such conditions and at such charges
as said committee may determine. Each exhibitor must he
a member of the New York State Breeders' Association.
Non-members must make application for membership accom¬
panied by membership fee of $1. on or before making appli¬
cation for entries. _ _

CELEBRATION OF APPLE DAY.

The first account of Apple Day celebration comes from
Oklahoma. A subscriber of The R. N.-Y. sends the following
from the Oklahoma State Capital :

“National Apple Day was celebrated Tuesday by the
Logan County High school. The celebration was suggested
by Frank Householder, vice-president of the high school
board and one of the chief horticulturists of Oklahoma,
lie furnished from his old farm, eight miles west of Guthrie,
two bushels of Missouri Pippin and Winesap apples. These
were hung in festoons over the stage and in front of tin*
proscenium lights. The apples this year are not large, hut
prettv and luscious. The crop is short and the price of
apples will be higher than for a number of years. President
W. S. Calvert and the entire faculty had taken great interest
in this unique celebration and it was a decided success. The
exercises opened with music by the school, with Miss Jessie
Newby at the piano. The Misses Nellie and Edna Klink —
both having very sweet and cultivated voices — sang a duet.
“Apple Blossoms,” by Kent. Dr. II. timer Scott, pastor of
the Presbyterian church, delivered the invocation. Mr.
Householder then explained, in a brief address, the signifi¬
cance of the day: how it sprang from “Apple Day" at the
world’s fair last year; that the apple is our greatest fruit
and worthy of the homage paid it by the people. lie thought
the day should become of universal observation throughout
the nation, by speeches and apple feasts. He told about
how he planted the trees from which the apples displayed
here grew and what a soil we have for this* excellent fruit.
Music by the school followed. Dr. Scott spoke entertain¬
ingly about the apple and other things. lie is is a ver¬
satile talker of wide range and yet succinct and effective
thought, lie left many things to linger in this student
memory. The exercises were closed by a brief talk by Presi¬
dent Calvert, who is much beloved by the pupils for his
genial disposition and great work in tin* upbuilding of this
school. The attendance on this occasion was 353 — 202
from the country and 151 from the city. Every township in
the countv is represented in the high school. Prof. Hen¬
nessey conducted the music for this occasion. At the close,
each pupil in marching out was given an apple.”

DOMINION FAIR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

It is now the first of October, and I have been making a
visit to British Columbia, to judge the fruit at the Dominion
Exhibition, which was held at New Westminster, within a
few miles of Vancouver. I found a very nice fruit display
there, a nd of course, a great exhibit of stock and other
things that are usually seen at fairs. This was quite a
large fair, corresponding to our State Fair. It may be sur¬
prising to a great many, to know that there is a very mild
climate in southern British Columbia, compared to what
we have always been led to believe, and there is really no

material difference in it. nor in the soil, as compared with

that part of country on the southern side of the interna¬
tional boundary. There are many valleys, and some of
them very extensive and rich, far to the northward, espe¬
cially in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta: for
this fair covered the provinces to tin* eastward, as far as
Manitoba, and some of the products of those provinces were
there. I was told that good apples are grown 400 miles
north of the international line, and I do not doubt it. The

climate of all tills region is modified by the Japanese Cur¬

rent, which washes the shores of Northwestern America,
from Alaska southward.

At the exhibition 1 found the same class of apples that is
seen in Washington, Idaho and Oregon, and there were some
very good peaches and grapes, including a number of the
foreign varieties, such as are only supposed to be grown
in California. Among them were the Flame Tokay, Black
Hamburg and others of the same classes. These are not.
generally grown in British Columbia, hut there are cer¬
tain places where the mountains surround beautiful valleys,
keeping off the cold winds, and the sun warms up the soil
and air almost to tropical temperatures, in the Summer.
Neither are the Winters severe in such locations, and 1 was
told that all over southern British Columbia the thermom¬
eter rarely reaches zero, and the orchard and ornamental
trees and* flowers that I saw would Indicate this to be a
fact. The tender roses and shrubs, such as we grow in
the very temperate parts of our own country, are found
there in abundance.

The size, appearance and flavor of the fruits, shown at
this Dominion Exhibition, were very good, except in a few
eases. The apples were fully as good as any that I have
ever eaten of the same varieties. The Gravenstein is one
of the leading Fall apples, and I have never seen nor eaten
better ones from Nova Scotia, which is considered the most
genial home of this variety in America. The Newtown,
Esoptis, Jonathan and Tompkins King are among the lead¬
ing Winter apples, and they seem to grow to perfection
there. The Northern Spy. Baldwin, Yellow Bellflower and
about all other varieties that are commonly grown in our
Northern States were seen in almost every exhibit. The
same is true of the pears, except that the Bartlett was
practically out of season, but it is* grown there abundantly
and attains a high state of excellence. I saw the Kieffer
pear there, hut it was far from being mature, and I should
consider it entirely out of place there, even in the most
grovelling commercial orchard. The same is almost true
of the Ben Davis apple, although it seems to attain fairly
good size and color, and I suppose the people in Alaska and
possibly the “Heathen Chinee” may appreciate its “deli¬
cious sawdust flavor.” Just as I am saying this, an in¬
telligent woman says it is one of her especial favorites.
How tastes do differ !

The officials of the Dominion Exhibition and the fruit
growers and many others, whom I met there, did every¬
thing within their power to make my visit pleasant and
instructive, and I was aide to become acquainted with many
facts which were before almost unknown to me. We need
have not feelings of pity for our brothers to the Northward,
who, we ignorantly believe are freezing and starving, for
they have everything that is necessary to make comfortable
and happy homes. The status of the people educationally
and the general advancement of civilization there is well
up to our standard. As I traveled through the country, I
saw well lmilt houses with beautiful surroundings, and or¬
chards, fields and live stock, that ought to satisfy anyone.
In the vicinity of Vancouver, there are some as beautiful
suburbs as one might wish to see anywhere, and that place
being the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railroad and of
some of the great Pacific steamship lines, it has a great
future before it. Of course (he country is comparatively

new, and the labor of clearing up the farm is great. The
timber that has to be cleared away, after the lumbermen
have taken what they want, is equal to or greater in quan¬
tity and larger in size than would be found in many or our
eastern forests that had never l>een lumbered. One of the
principal trees is the Port Orford cedar, and there are logs
of this tree lying on the ground that have evidently been
there for centuries, and are sound in many cases and make
the best of lumber, shingles, posts and fuel. There are also
immense trees of Red fir, and many of them are left standing
as culls that we would consider good for lumber in the
Eastern States. To get rid of all this standing and fallen
timber and the underbrush and stumps, in many cases costs
more than $100 per acre, and it is indeed a task fit for a
giant to make a farm in this region. This is really the
greatest objection that I can see to farming there. How¬
ever, when the land is once cleared up, it is exceedingly pro¬
ductive, and the growth of all kinds of fruit trees, vines,
berry bushes, strawberries, flowers, vegetables, etc., is won¬
derful, and the growers claim that it pays to make a home
there. Certainly, the products shown at their fair give evi¬
dence of the good things they can and do grow. I did not
find a trace of Codling moth in an apple or pear, and was
told that there is none of this pest nor any of the San
Jose scale in all of British Columbia. Happy is the con¬
dition of the fruit growers there, and may they never have
these enemies to fight. My fear is that they will finally
find entrance in the face of all their precaution.

H. E. VAN DEMAN.

CROP PROSPECTS.

Potatoes turn out from nothing to twenty-five bushels
per acre. s B

Ann Arbor, Mich.

In this immediate vicinity the cabbage crop is big. Also
in northern part of the State. Prices high at present pav¬
ing growers $12 to $13 per ton. We expect lower prices
next month, probably $8 to $10. the f. w. gunther co

Racine, Wis.

There are no potatoes for shipment here this season: we
are buying new from northern sections at 60 cents from
car. Local stock averages poor, although there are some
banner crops from regular potato growers. Probably half
the farmers will have to buy. w k t

Vermontville, Mich.

NEW JERSEY FARMERS’ INSTITUTES,
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1905.

Egg Harbor City ... Atlantic County . Nov. 20

\\ rightstown . Burlington County . Nov. 21

hreehold . Monmouth County . Nov. 22

Mata wan . Monmouth County . Nov. 23

Keyport . Monmouth County . Nov! 24

Clayton . Gloucester County . Nov. 25

Mvodesboro . Gloucester County . Nov. 27 28

Hackensack . Bergen County..’. . Nov. 2o’

Stelton . Middlesex County . Dec. 4

Moorestown . Burlington County . Dec. 5, 6

\v illiamstown , . Gloucester County . Dec. 7

Blackwood . Camden County.. . Dec. 8

Pennington . Mercer County . Dec. 9

Peemerville . Sussex County . Dec. 11

Layton . Sussex County . Dec. 12

Branchville . . Sussex County . Dec. 13, 14

Blairstown . Warren County . Dec. 15

Isarbertown . Hunterdon County . Dec. 16

Harlingen . Somerset County . Dec. 18

Columbus . Burlington County . Dec. 19

Allentown . Monmouth County . Dec. 20

Ilightstown . Mercer County . Dec. 21

New Egypt . Ocean County . Dec. 22

Mount Holly . Burlington County . Dec. 23

Annual Meeting of State Horticultural SocPy, January
4 and 5. 1906.

Th S3d Annual Meeting of State Board, January 17, 18
and 19, 19(M>.

Seventeen or more Institutes will bo held after the An¬
nual Meeting, notice of which will be given later.

For programs of Institutes or of the Annunr Meeting, ad¬
dress Franklin Dye, Secretary, Trenton, N. J.

ROTT ING POTATOES. — In this year of rotting potatoes,
I note that the worst rotten ones are on the highest, driest
ground. I note also in many instances in digging, a hill will
be all rotten, the next one all good, where there was no
apparent difference in time of blight and dving vines. Has
anyone a theory? Have any of the R. N.-Y. readers an
experience that is satisfactory evidence that spraying with
Bordeaux Mixture will prevent the rot? j. m c.

Atwater, N. Y.

R- N.-Y. — We have had many reports from those who
used Bordeaux. The only approach to an actual prevention
of rot was where the Bordeaux was put on when the plants
came up, and kept on all through the season.

BUSINESS BITS.

. The work of hauling heavy loads and the burden of lift¬
ing the material on the wagon must be borne many days
of the year. The team, the man behind the team and the
earth beneath the team will all be in better condition at
sunset and at the end of the year if every work wagon is
supplied with broad tire metal wheels such as are furnished
to order, if you write for measurement directions, to the
Havana Metal Wheel Co., Havana, ill., among the largest,
manufacturers of metal wheels in the country.

Music is almost a necessity in every household. It
adds much to the pleasures of life and keeps the boys and
girls interested in the home. The Cornish Co., of Wash¬
ington, N. J., has been making pianos and organs for 50
years. Their instruments have brought pleasure to thous¬
ands of homes and are more popular than ever to-day. You
can buy direct from this company, thus saving all dealers’
profits and getting a fine instrument at a low price. Special
terms on the installment plan are arranged when desired.
Write The Cornish Co., Washington, N. .T., for full partic¬
ulars.

The King Harness Co., of Dwego. Tioga Co., New York,
make a high grade line of oak-tanned harness and they
make a specialty of selling direct to the individual at
actual factory prices. The company warrant all their
harness to be the best, and guarantee perfect satisfaction
or money hack. The advantage of buying any style of
oak-tanned harness on these terms at the actual factory
prices should he apparent to everyone. They are sending
out a handsomely illustrated catalogue showing styles and
descriptions of their goods, which may he had free upon
application to above address.

One of the best free books of the season is that offered
by F. W. Bird & Son. East Walpole, Mass., manufacturers
of Parold Roofing. They will send to all those interested
a book of complete plans for poultry and farm buildings,
free of charge, except a 2-cent stamp to cover postage.
Such plans as these are in great demand, and we know that
many of our readers will want to receive one of these hooks.
It doesn't matter whether you intend to erect an elaborate
building or just a simple poultry shed, you’ll find in this
hook drawings that will give you substantial help. It is
just as valuable as a guide to one who is going to remodel
or add to a building also.

The fewer parts there are in any machine the less likely
if is to get out of order. And when a machine is simply
made and yet does the same work as done by a complicated
machine, and does more of it. the ideal is closely approached.
A close examination leads us to believe that the ideal saw¬
mill is produced by the DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., Box 302,
Atlanta, Ga. For 18 years this company has made a
specialty of manufactui ing sawmills, principally of the
portable type, and were the first to make a success1 of
operating a sawmill as small as four horse power. The
result of t.heir experience is a line of sawmills and other
wood working machinery noted for simplicity, strength and
durability. Their catalogue will be sent free upon appli¬
cation.

798

November 4,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Woman and Home J

From Day to Day.

JUNE IN RHODESIA.

Winter ! And the torn banana branches
Rustle, rustle, in the dusty wind.

While the veld-fire ever upward launches
Tongues of flame that leave a blackened
earth behind.

Smoke-wreaths shimmer in the furthest dis¬
tance,

Lucent turquois veiling sapphire hills.

And the brown grass with a long insistence
Murmurs like a cavern that the ocean fills.

All the myriad unrecorded flowers.

Trampled on the black man’s silent way,
Lie forgotten in their earthen bowers:
Unremembered as the dead and lost are
they.

Summer floods have left the high roads
whitening,

Sandy, dry, they stretch a hundred arms.
Leading Eastward, where the sea-foam light¬
ening

Rises, splashing coastward into thunderous
psalms ;

Westward, where beyond the wooded kopjes
League on league of land rolls into space;
Northward, to the land of tombs and pop¬
pies,

And the Sphinx’s undecipherable face.

Southward, to the sunny dorp and garden.
And the riches of the Golden Belt ;
Southward, to the land of hope and pardon.
And the soldier sleeping dreamless on the
veld.

Here an old Boer wagon creaks and lumbers.

Oxdrawn. driven by some bearded Piet,
Watching changes with a mind that slumbers.
Beaten, worsted, but unconscious of defeat.

Night comes sudden without twilight warn¬
ing,

Chilly, quenching the fierce sun’s last ray.
Rut behind her quick-flung veil of mourning
Keeps a moon-lamp for the lions at their
play.

From the valleys shine a hundred fires.
Hearths of wanderers from a hundred
lands

Looking backward to their dead desires.
Stretching forward with their sinewy, sun¬
burnt hands.

Midnight ! but the Silence never falleth
On the frogs’ croak and the insects’ cry ;
Hill to hill the grey hyena calleth.

While the silent, slumbrous nights of men
go by.

• — D. A. Bowen (Credit Lost).

♦

A good idea, recently carried out at a
church fair, was a booth called “Mother’s
Pantry,” where homemade cooking, jel¬
lies, pickles and preserves, were sold. The
young women in charge wore white caps
and gingham aprons.

*

Homemade cream candy calls for three
cups of granulated sugar, one saltspoonful
cream of tartar, two tablespoonfuls of
vinegar, butter size of hickorynut, two-
thirds cup of cold water. Do not stir
after the sugar begins to boil. Cook un¬
til it hardens when dropped into cold
water, then pull. Flavor with anything
desired.

*

Threading a sewing machine needle
on a dark day is often a waste of both
time and patience, especially when dark
thread is used. It can be done in a mo¬
ment, however, if a white cloth or paper
is spread under the needle, and a little
taper, such as one uses for sealing wax,
held behind the needle’s eye. Sometimes
the white cloth alone is sufficient, but the
little taper or a lamp will often save val¬
uable time.

*

When cleaning a spot in some fabric
with benzine, one often finds an annoy¬
ing ring left, almost as unsightly as the
original mark. This can be avoided by
covering the spot with fullers’ earth
while it is still wet with the benzine. Do
not rub it on; merely cover the spot and
let it dry. When dry shake off the
fullers’ earth and brush the fabric lightly.
Many soiled spots can be removed en¬
tirely by the fullers’ earth. Some obsti¬
nate stains, like wagon grease, can be
removed by kerosene, followed by fullers’
earth. The treatment may have to be ap¬

plied several times, but usually it is en¬
tirely successful, leaving no mark, which
would not be the case without the fullers’
earth.

*

Apple johnny cake is one of the good
things of the season for breakfast or tea.

8167 Child’s Long Coat, 2 to 8 yrs.

Mix two cupfuls of cornmeal, a salts-
spoonful of salt, a teaspoonful of cream
of tartar, a scant half-cupful of sugar,
half a teaspoonful of soda dissolved in a
little warm water and milk to make a thin
batter. Stir in three sour apples that have
been peeled and cut into thin slices. Bake
in a shallow tin in a moderate oven for
35 minutes.

*

A useful gift that the small girl may
prepare for a brother or other masculine
relative is an emergency case, made from
a three-pound tin candy box, such as
marshmallows come in. The outside is
covered with pretty paper; the inside
merely lined with paraffin paper carefully
fitted to sides and bottom. The contents

consist of court-plaster, a roll of absor¬
bent cotton, surgeon’s adhesive plaster,
gauze bandages of different widths, a
small pot of vaseline, a bottle of lister-
ine, and a pair of small blunt-pointed
scissors. There are many emergencies,
besides those that arise through hasty
shaving, in which this ‘“first-aid” case

will be found useful.

*

The New York Times tells of a prom¬
inent politician who has a wife who is
a model of domestic carefulness. She

has a talent for making bread, and takes
great pride in having her loaves turn out
well.

One evening she had set the batch of
dough to rise in the kitchen and was
reading in the parlor, when her six-year-
old boy came running to her, crying
“Mama, mama, there’s a mouse jumped
into your bread-pan !”

The good woman sprang from her seat.

“Did you take him out?” she asked,
frantically.

“No’m, but I done just as good. I
threw the cat in, and she’s digging after
him to beat the band !”

The Rural Patterns.

The comfortable-looking child’s coat
shown is made with fronts and back and
is closed in double breasted style. At
the neck is a flat turn-over collar and
the fullness at the back is confined by a
strap. The sleeves can be in leg-o’-mut-
ton style with roll-over cuffs or full, as
shown in the back view. For a child of
six will be required 4*4 yards of material
27, 2J4 yards 44 or 2% yards 52 inches
wide with 4)4 yards of banding. The
pattern 5167 is cut in sizes for children
of 2, 4, G and 8 years of age; price 10
cents.

The tourist coat is a favorite style for
the coming Fall and Winter. As shown,
the coat is made with the fronts and
back and is fitted by means of shoulder
and under-arm seams. The fronts are
faced and turned back to form the lapels,
the finish being stitching with silk. The
sleeves are in the favorite coat style, but
full at the shoulders, and are finished
with pointed cuffs. There are also gen¬
erous patch pockets. The quantity of
material required for the medium size (14
years) is 4 yards 27, 2J4 yards 44 or
2$4 yards 52 inches wide, with % yard
of bias velvet for the collar. The pat¬
tern 5169 is cut in sizes for misses of
12, 14 and 16 years of age ; price 10 cents.

Happiness grows at our own fireside,
and is not to be picked in strangers’ gar¬
dens. — Douglas Jerrold.

He that will believe only what he can
fully comprehend must have a very long
head or a very short creed. — C. C. Colton.

More people are engaged in the raising
of children than in any other pursuit, and
yet there is not so much time given to
preparation for such work as is given to
the raising of chickens. — Prof. Earl
Barnes.

Your

Christmas

Expenses

You can be as generous as

you like at Christmas, and

all it will cost you will be a

little systematic work be-
*

tween now and then.

Write to The Ladies’
Home Journal and The
Saturday Evening Post,
Philadelphia, and find out
all about it.

After Christmas you can
work some more; $500 a
month is not too much to
expect.

No luck about it. It
depends upon you, and the
work is easy.

The Curtis Publishing Company

E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

•

On //»/► "T'rafl “ I followed the

Lm we 1 rau from Texa,

’with a Fish Brand KSgffSJfg £

_ 1 or, r Slicker, used for

trommel olicker an overcoat when

when windy, a rain coat when it rained,
and for a cover at night if we got to bed,
and I will say that I have gotten more
comfort out of your slicker than any Other
one article that 1 ever owned.”

(The name and address of the writer of this
unsolicited letter may be had on application.)

Wet Weather Garments for Riding, Walk¬
ing, Working or Sporting.

HIGHEST AWARD WORLD’S FAIR, 1904.

The Sign of tha TUSl

A. T. TOWER CO.

BOSTON, TLB. A.

TOWER CANADIAN

CO., Limited ’

TOEONTO, CANADA tJSff

<04

fgt TELEPHONES

m AND DINE MATERIAL FOR

FARMERS9 LINES

BUST so Simple you can build your own line,
■fiwf Instruction book and price list free. The

Williams Telephone & Supply Co.
78 Central Ave., Cleveland, O.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

EDdystoHE

PRINTS

Simpson - Eddystone

Black Cf Whites

Standard dress-goods for 63
years. Every pattern is good,
and there are hundreds to choose
from. Every one is printed in
absolutely fast color. Will not
wash out or fade out.

Ask your dealer for
Simpson- Eddy stone Black &■* Whites.

Three generations of Simpsons have
made Simpson Prints.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that there is no
better stove or ranee made, and we save you from $5 <0
$40 on every purchase, because we save you all middle¬
men's, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We’re manufactur¬
ers, not “mail-order dealers;” we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the world;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Oven
Thermometer

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

Wre probably can ref tr you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

I.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Christmas Ahead.

I.

Two girls, Bettie and Helen, sat chat¬
ting together at twilight. The Summer
people were gone, the canning and pick¬
ling well out of the way, and Fall clean-
reduced to a few last tasks left for the
warm bright days.

“What about your Christmas work?
Anything begun?” asked Bettie.

“Always plenty of things begun,”
laughed Helen. “You know I am always
planning twice what I can do. I did fin¬
ish two or three little doilies during the
Summer. Those always seem acceptable
presents, and it is so convenient to have
them ready to tuck into a letter with
Christmas good wishes.”

“How did you mount the linen centers
in those Teneriffe wheels you were mak¬
ing?”

“I got some rather fine white linen and
cut circular pieces. Around these I ar¬
ranged the wheels evenly, letting them
just touch one another and extend beyond
the linen a little less than half their depth.
First I basted them, then tacked each
loop to the linen along the edge, after
that I had only to cut away the linen
beneath each one leaving enough to roll
in a narrow hem for a finish.”

“Did you make any other sorts?”

“Yes. Several with buttonholed edges
and cut work for decoration. Some were
on fine linen with slender sprays of rather
fine work, but I made several on butchers’
linen with larger eyelets. Those will
wear and wash well, and I shall give
them to people who like to use mats on
their dining tables. One often saves
changing a tablecloth when you are in a
hurry. You know.”

“Oh, you haven’t seen the table mats
I have made for Aunt Em.” Bettie ran
to a closet and came back with a box
full of her handiwork. The mats were
spread forth and duly admired. They
were made in close single crochet stitch
to give a ribbed surface, and were of
three sizes, one large oval, two smaller
ovals and two smaller yet, and nearly
evenly six-sided. All were clear white
and had scalloped borders.

“But what makes them so stiff and
firm, Bettie?” asked her friend.

“The macrame cord I crocheted them
of. 1 got the finest size, not ecru, but
clear white. The mats are far handsomer
than those made with knitting cotton,
and being so much heavier they protect
the table from hot dishes better. Aunt
Em especially asked that she might
sometime have a set like ours. But what
to give Aunt Kate! She hasn’t any
house and she says she detests throws and
drapes and cotton batting, pinky ribbony
duds. I shouldn’t dare select a book or
a picture for her, and she never wears
aprons or worsted shawls or any of the
things that are in my line of manufac¬
ture.”

“That was an exceedingly pretty stock
you wore last Sunday.”

“Oh that ! I made it out of some odds
and ends of Swiss embroidery that some
one gave me. I couldn’t find any pretty
lace in the village or go to the city for
it, so I took some lace braids and made
a simple pattern for the top and set lines
of it between the Swiss insertion. I cut
a stiff paper pattern of the collar first,
and basted my work on to that while
overhanding it together. I had to roll the
edges of the Swiss embroidery, and was
ashamed to think how long I was mak¬
ing such a trifling thing.”

“But it is the fine needlework that
makes it so much more desirable than
any ready-to-wear collars we can afford
to buy. There are lovely things in the
city stores, but they are beyond country
purses ; at least we would be foolish to
spend so much on little things to wear
to places we go to. But your Aunt Kate
will appreciate fine hand work. Do try
to make her some collars. Sheer, fine
things, I would select. Then she can
mount them over colors if she likes for
Winter use, but next season they will be

useful stiffened with featherbone. I no¬
ticed in the city last week that there was
little new in outlines. All had some lit¬
tle tab or dip in front. Sometimes there
was a large flower design embroidered
there and cut out around its lower edge.
But watch the needlework columns and
you will get hints of pretty things.”

Bettie sighed : “I wish I had money
enough to buy all the presents I want to
give.”

“But you once told me that your Aunt
Kate spent ever so many dollars at the
woman’s exchange buying things to give
away, and I suppose they were all hand¬
made things just such as you could
make.”

With a little laugh Bettie drew from
her box several patterns and pieces of
work half completed.

“These are to put your shoes in to
keep them from soiling other things in
your trunk or suit-case,’ she explained,
displaying some linen cases just long and
wide enough to hold a pair of shoes or
slippers. The opening was at one end
and closed with a pointed flap and a loop
which slipped over a pearl button. The
cases were made of blue linen, an initial
embroidered in white on one side, the flap
bound with white ribbon and that and the
seams brierstitched with white.

She had also a compact little case for
holding hair brush, comb and hair pins.
This was made of blue linen and bound
and brierstitched with white. Some large
squares of silkalene with brierstitched
hems were designed for folding about
white blouses and other garments needing
special care when packing. Each was
made the width of the material, and of a
length to correspond. She had chosen a
design of yellow and brown roses on a
cream ground and worked the hems with
burnt orange silk. prudence primrose.

The Bookshelf.

Heimweh, by John Luther Long. This
is a volume containing several stories, of
varying length. Some of them have ap¬
peared in well-known magazines; others
are printed for the first time. They are
all written with the cleverness and bril¬
liancy of diction which Mr. Long has dis¬
played in his previous work, though often
carrying their sentiment to an artificial
degree. The book is beautifully bound
and illustrated. Published by the Mac¬
millan Company, New York; price $1.50.

The Road Builders, by Samuel Mer-
win. This may be called a romance of
hard work; it relates the life of a con¬
struction outfit, building a railroad in the
great Southwest. It breathes an open-air
life, and gives the wholesome sense of
duty, and the energy that must be ever
ready for great emergencies, which are
needed in such an enterprise, and after
all, such qualities are equally needed in
ditching a farm or building the district
road. Any writer who suceeds in show¬
ing the best and most hopeful side of
genuine hard work does much for his
kind, and Mr. Merwin will appeal strong¬
ly to a large class of readers. “The
Road Builders” is published by the Mac¬
millan Company, New York ; price $1.50.

A PALE-FACED GIRL

wants more red in her blood.
If subject to dizziness, faint¬
ing and shortness of breath
on slight exertion, no doubt
remains. Your doctor will'
confirm this. Her food is
not nourishing her; she needs
a change. The best change
and the best nourishment she
can get is Scott’s Emulsion.
Her food soon has the upper
hand; her blood is enriched;
her color returns. We never
yet heard of a pale-faced girl
who didn’t get new strength,
new vigor and new color from
Scott’s Emulsion.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 400 Pearl Street, New York.

"qTI^lL mount birds.

,4-^-5, Quickly learned by Men, Women, Boys. v Very
'illSSS fascinating. BIG PROFITS for your spare time.
(■M Investigate this to-day. Full particulars, tine
y8KL».. catalogue and Taxidermy Magazine all FREE.
JKBJ N.W. School of Taxidermy U9NSt., Omaha, Neb.

799

MAKE A STOVE of your LAMP
(Round-nick) or GAS JET by attaching a

When you write advertisers menron The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Giant Hester

Getting Heat and Eight at One Cost.

It will heat any ordinary room comfortably in
zero weather, by accumulating, Intensifying and
radiating the heat that ordinarily goes to waste.
Hoes not interfere with the light.

Economical, as no more gas or oil 18 con¬
sumed with our heater attach¬
ed than without.

Absolutely no danger,
as heater In no way Interferes
with the combustion.

Attracts cold air on the
vacuum principle, thoroughly
wanning, purifying and circu¬
lating the air. No odor, no
ashes or trouble.

The Giant Heater is easily

How It Makes Heat, applied to any central draught
amp chimney, gas jet, or any mantle burner
(artificial or natural gas).

Valuable at all times of the year Tor heating the
hath room, sick rootn, bed room, den or
office; for light cooking, heating water for shaving,
warning babies’ food, etc. »

□ DIPC Polished Brass Complete. SI. 50
inlUCy Nickel plated on Brass, 82.00
Sent by mail or express prepaid. You take no
risk, if heater is not satisfactory and returned
to us In 10 days, we refund the money. Book free.

GIANT HEATER CO,, 27 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

Ideal Sport
A Fine Day
A Good Dog

and

describing‘‘Stevens"
guns of every sort
and style, for hunter,
marksman, girl or boy. 140
pages. Sent free to
any one interested
in guns, sending 4 cents in stamps to
Cover postage.

If your dealer cannot supply you
write to us.

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO.

70 High 8treet
Chlcopea Falls, Mass., U.S.A,

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,
Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odorless and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags and
instructions bo as to avoid mistakes.
We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

SLOAN 5
LINIMENT

FOR MAN
AND BEAST.
KILLS PAIN
AND .DESTROYS
ALL GERM LIFE.

CURES RHEUMATISM

WONDERFULLY

PENETRATING.

A COMPLETE
MEDICINE CHEST.

Price, 25c., 50c., and $1.00.

Dr. EARL S. SLOAN,

615 Albany St., Boston, Mass

Talking Points for

THE

FOUR-TRACK

NEWS

Which Explain Its Emphatic Success

Here are a few reasons why you want The
Four-Track News on the reading table in
your home. Look them over, think them
over-then send for a sample copy and see if
you don't think The Four-Track News is
worth $1 a yoar to yourself and your family.

its scope is confined to no geographical
section : tho world is its field.

It instructs
It entertains.

It's different

It is a universal favorite.

It is always and forever up to-date,
it is a great holp to students In history
classes.

There is much in every issue of educational
value to every reader.

It is entertaining to the father and mother
as well as to the children.

It is eloquent with bright, brief, valuablo
articles and superb pictures.

Subscriptions, $1.00 a Year; Foreign Coun¬
tries. $1 50; at News-stands , 10 Cents a Copy.

A sample copy and our special terms to
agents will cost you nothing. Send your ad¬
dress and two references to George H.
Daniels. Publisher, Room No. 21. 7 East 42d
St.. New York.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market.
Don’tbe deceived
by pictures that
look like

“The Hessler.”

To got the best,
insist on having
the Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not the im¬
itation. Agents

RURAL MAIL BOX. ln 6V6ry

H. E. HESSLER CO., Syracuse, N.Y.

Grind Your Own Poultry Food

You can put a few cents’ worth of
dry bone, old shells or corn into an
Enterprise Bone Mill, and it will in¬
crease in value tenfold. There:s no
food so good for poultry as a variety,
nor a way to save money so easily as
to grind your own poultry food, using

ENTERPRISE

Bone, Shell and Corn Mills

These mills are good general mills for all farmers and poultrymen,
being strong, compact, made of excellent material. Especially adapted
to grinding dry bones, shells, corn, roots, bark, grain, chicken feed, etc.
Bone meal fertilizer can be made with them. Capacity i 1-4 bushels of
corn per hour. Weight 60 lbs. Mill shown in cut $8.50. Other mills
$6 and up. Look for the name “Enterprise.” Full information on request.

THE ENTERPRISE MFG. CO. of PA„ 263 Dauphin SI.. Philadelphia. Pa.

8oo

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 4

CONTENTS.

Tub Rural New Yorker, November 4, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Experience with Inoculated Soil . 789

Lack of Water Power . 789

The Land of Cow Peas and Clover . 790

Building an Icehouse . 791

Hope Farm Notes . 795

LIVE STOCK ANI) DAIRY.

Mapes The lieu Man . 790

Advice to Young Dairymen . 791

Feeding Cotton-Seed Meal . 801

Food Value of Hulled Oats . 802

Ailing Animals . 802

Trouble with Cow's Udder . 802

Horse Meat for Hens . 802

Working Cow's Udder . 803

Meat for Hens . 803

HORTICULTURE.

Fall Planting for Raspberries . 790

The Ensee Apple . 791

Greenhouse With Hotbed Sash . 791

Grafting Cherry Sprouts . 792

Winter Care of Raspberries . 792

Girdled Grapes . 792

Seedless Sweet Apple . 792

Greenhouse Work in November . 793

Rural isms . 794

WOMEN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 70S

The Rural Patterns . 798

Christmas Ahead. Part 1 . 799

The Bookshelf . 799

MISCELLANEOUS.

Drainage for Hillside House . 792

Building a Concrete Wall . 792

Products, Prices and Trade . 793

Editorials . 790

Events of the Week . 797

Markets . 800

Publisher's Desk . 801

A Talk on Packages . 801

Stone Drains . 801

Humorous . 804

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending October 28, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes. with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth — @ 99%

No. 1, hard, Manitoba . — @ 97%

No. 2, red, for export . — @ 95%

Corn . — 0 <52

Oats . — @ 35

Rye . — @ 73

Barley . — 0 44

FEED.

Middlings . 18.00 @21.00

Spring Bran . — 0 17.00

Cottonseed meal . — @28.00

Linseed meal . — @30.00

GRASS SEEDS.

New York retail prices.

Timothy, bu . — @3.00

Red Top, bu . — @1.40

Kentucky Blue Grass, bu . — @2.35

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay, No. 1 . 15.00

No. 2 . 13.50

No. 3 . 12.00

Clover, mixed . 12.00

Clover . 11.00

Straw, Long rye . —

Short and Oat . 9.00

MILK.

(fir 10.00
@14.50
@13.00
@13.00
@ 1 2.50
(a 15.00
@ 1 0.00

Y. Exchange price $1.51 per 40-quan
netting three cents per quart at 26-ceni

N.

can, _ _

zone points.

BUTTER.

Creamery, first quality .

Lower grades . 16% @

Imitation Creamery .

Factory . 15

Renovated .

Packing Stock . 15

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

Fair to choice .

Light skims .

Full skims .

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

Selected, white, choice .

Mixed, extra .

Nearby, fair to good . 24

Western and southern . 19

Refrigerator . 18

poles, evap.,
Evap. 1905,

DRIED FRUITS.

1905, prime ...
com. to good . . .

23

@

23 %

16% @

22

17

@

hi

15

@

17%

15

@

20

15

@

17

@

12%

12

@

12%

1 0 % @

10%

3 % @

4%

34

@

35

30

@

32

—

@

28

24

@

27

19

@

25

18

@

22

@

8%

5

@

6%

4

@

5

4

@

5

—

@

26

13

@

14

—

@

S%

@3.

50

@4.

50

@3.

50

@3.

50

.00

@3.

50

3vap. 19

Sun dried, 1904
Sun dried, 1905, southern. .

Raspberries, 1905 .

t nerries. 1905 .

Blackberries, 1905 .

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Wealthy . 2.50

King

Maiden Blush . 2.50

Ben Davis . 2.50

Fall Pippin . 2.00

York Imperial . 2.75 @3.50

Snow . 2.50 @3.50

Baldwin . 1.75 @3.00

Hubbardston . 2.00 @3.50

Greening . 2.00 @4.00

Culls and windfalls . 1.00 @1.75

Pears, Seckel and Bartlett. ... 4.00 @8.00

Bose . 3.00 @4.50

Clairgeau . 2.50 @4.25

Anjou . . 2.50 @4.00

Louise Bonne . 2.25 @3.25

Sheldon . 2.50 @4.50

Duchess . 2.00 @3.50

Kieffer . 1.00 @2.25

Quinces, bbl . 2.00 @5.00

Peaches, %-bu. bkt .

. . 25

@1.25

Grapes, 18-lb. case .

. . 50

@1.25

4-lb. basket. .

. . 10

@ 15

Cranberries, bbl .

. . 6.50

@8.50

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu .

@6.00

Hickory, bu . .

@2.00

Butternuts, bu .

(i 7 75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes. I.. L. 180 lbs .

@2.50

State & Jersey, round sorts. 2.00

(a 2.25

l.ong kinds .

. . 2.00

fa 2. 1 5

Maine, 168-lb. bag .

. . 2.10

(a 2.25

German, 168-lb .

@2.00

Sweet potatoes. Mil .

. 1 .00

fa 1 .50

Brussels sprouts, quart .

8

(a 12

Beets, 100 bunches .

fa 1 .00

Carrots, Mil .

75

@1.00

Cabbage, loo .

(a 3.50

Celery, dozen .

fa 50

Cucumbers. Mil .

. 2.00

fa 10.00

Hothouse, dozen .

fa 1 .50

Corn, loo .

.1.00

@ 2.00

Cauliflowers, bid .

. 1 .00

@1.75

Eggplants .

@2.50

Lettuce .dozen .

. 10

@ 40

Lima Beans, bu .

.1.00

@2.25

Onions, Conn., white, bbl....

@6.00

Conn., yellow .

(a 2.25

Conn., red .

.1.50

fa 2.00

Orange Co., yellow, bag. . .

.1.50

(a 2.00

Orange County, red .

.1.35

@1.75

Long Island, bill .

(a 2.00

Ohio, white, bu .

. 1 .00

fa 1.65

Peppers, bill .

fa 1 .25

Spinach, Mil .

. 50

@ 65

Squash, Hubbard, Mil .

. 50

@ 75

Marrow .

. 40

@ 65

Turnips, Ruta baga. Mil .

. 60

fa' 90

Tomatoes, bu .

(a 1.00

Hothouse, lb .

•>

@ 9

BEANS.

Marrow .

. 2.70

(a 2.80

Medium .

—

@ 2.00

Pea .

.1.50

(a 1.75

Red kidney .

. 2.50

fa 2.85

Yellow Eye .

fa 1 .85

HOPS.

N. Y. State, prime, 1905....

_

@ 22

Fair to choice .

. 15

@> 20

German, 1905 .

. 30

@) 40

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens .

@ 1 1

Fowls .

(a 12

Roosters .

_

@ 8

Ducks, pair .

.1.12

fa 1.62

Pigeons, pair .

@ 20

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb .

19

@ 22

old Turkovs .

@ 20

Chickens, fey., broilers, lb. . .

22

@ 24

Fair to choice .

. 14

@ 19

Prime roasters .

. 18

@ 21

Fair to good .

. 14

@ 17

Fowls .

14

fa 1 5

1 Hicks .

14

(a 1 7 %

Geese .

1 5

til) ‘>0

Squabs, prime, dozen .

fa 4.00

Mixed and dark .

. 1.75

(7/ 2.50

COUNTRY-DRESSED

MEATS.

Veal, calves, lb .

. 10

@ 1?

I ’ork .

c>

@ g \/1

Roasting Pigs, lb .

. 10

@ 13 '

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers, 100 lbs .

@5.25

Oxen and stags .

. 2.00

(a 3.50

Bulls .

(a 3.40

Cows .

@3.50

Milcli cows with calves .

25.00

fa 55.00

Calves, veal .

.4.50

fa D.00

Culls .

. 3.50

@4.00

Sheep .

fa 5.50

Lambs .

fa 8.25

Hogs, State and Pa .

. 5.60

@5.75

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots. Single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda .

Muriate of Potash. . .
Acid Phosphate ....
Kainit .

. — @42i06

. — @14.00

Dried Blood .

WILD GINSENG

> » mi/ ' I 1

Southern, lb . 6.50 @6.75

M ester n .

(a 7 00

Northern .

@7.50

PLYMOUTH ROCK vs. WYANDOTTE
FOR ROASTERS.

“Will Plymouth Rock Birds reach the
roasting weight, five pounds, quicker than
White Wyandottes"? I have had no experi¬
ence with Plymouth Rocks, but have had a
very good chance to observe them in neighbor¬
ing flocks. From what I have seen would say
the average Wyandotte would reach five
pounds as soon as the average Plymouth
Rock, as I believe the extra weight taken on
by the Plymouth Rock is made after five
pounds is reached I speak of average Wy¬
andotte and average Plymouth Rock, because
it is very hard to make a positive statement
on a question of this kind,, as some strains
of Wyandottes differ from others as much
as they differ from Plymouth Rooks, in size,
maturity, laying qualities, etc. The same
may be said of Plymouth Rocks. I have seen
flocks of Wyandottes that would weigh more
at maturity than some flocks of Plymouth
Rocks, but the Standard calls for one pound
more weight on mature specimens of Ply¬
mouth Rocks, one pound on pullets and only
one-half pound on cockerels. The cockerels
will be the birds no doubt that are to be
made into roasters. This would seem to indi¬
cate a lack of early maturity in Plymouth
Rocks I think, however, the breeder will
make no mistake in choosing either of these
provided he gets a good strain. Ilis individ¬
ual preference should be the guide in select¬
ing a variety in either of these breeds.

g. r. s.

I have never kept the Wyandotte chickens,
and cannot answer your question from ex¬

perience, but my observation leads me to
think that the Wyandottes will reach the
roasting weight as soon as the Barred Ply¬
mouth Rocks under the same conditions.

Pennsylvania. john w. cox.

I consider the Plymouth Rocks the hardi¬
est and quickest maturing, if not bred too
close akin, of any fowls we have. A great
deal of stock with many breeders is run too
close akin for best results, and is the cause
of a great deal of trouble with many breed¬
ers. SIDNEY' SPRAGUE.

New York.

This was our plan of working the broil¬
ers, roasters, etc. : Flock consisted of Wy¬
andottes, B. P. Rock and. Games. We would
go over them at: seven weeks and catch them
for broilers; if they had some fault that dis¬
qualified them, the W. Wyandottes first. B.
P. Rocks about five days later, would let
them go till they weighed 3% pounds; then
hunt them again, the Wyandottes first, as
they came first, by at least a week. 1 liked
the Wyandottes the best on account of their
dressing better, so that I cleaned out the B.
P. Rocks and kept, the Wyandottes and
Games. w. c. valentine.

New York.

My opinion is that Plymouth Rock chicks
will reach roasting size (five pounds and
over) quicker than Wyandottes, though the
difference in time is not great enough to
make any very great gain, while for broil¬
ers weighing two to 2% pounds I think the
Wyandottes are preferable. The Plymouth
Rock chick develops frame faster than it
does meat in the early stages, and is not as
round-breasted and meaty when it will weigh
two pounds as a Wyandotte chick of same
weight. The tendency of many Wyandotte
breeders is to increase the size of their
birds. This, 1 think, is a mistake, although
I acknowledge that, in common with other
breeders, I am most pleased with the largest
and heaviest of my chicks. But usually the
extra pound of meat takes a month to put
on, and the laying time is postponed that
long. Now, if the pullet lays two dozen eggs
during the month the larger oue is putting on
the extra pound of meat, at the usual price
at this season 35 cents, she will produce 70
cents in value as against 14 cents, the price
of the pound of meat, and I have noticed
that it is invariably the smallest of my
Wyandottes that are the best layers. If a
person wants to raise roasting chickens I
think that cross of Light Brahma and White
Wyandotte would be ideal for that purpose.

Connecticut. geo. a. cosgrove.

Milk Swindlers. — The Farmer says that
the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Wis¬
consin, is punishing the hotel keepers who
water milk : "It should be considered as
much of a crime to water or skim milk in a
hotel or restaurant as it is on the farm.
The manager of a hotel or lunch counter
may buy a quart of milk from a farmer for
tive cents, and if it should be watered,
skimmed or fail to test three and a half
per cent butter fat the farmer is liable to a
tine of $25. The average lunch vender
skims the top from this quart of milk to
cream the coffee and divides the balance
into from five to seven glasses, and sells it
for from five to ten cents a glass. Many
a traveling man can testify to paying ten
cents a glass for milk that had been both
skimmed and watered.”

New Jersey Tomatoes. — We find the early
produce of this neighborhood reaches the
Philadelphia market at about the glut of the
southern produce, and we do not think the
price received will pay for the extra work
and expense of forcing. Our main crops are
tomatoes and strawberries; we raise the Wool-
verton and Gandy berries, as they seem best
suited to our ground, and they reach the
Philadelphia market between the southern and
New York crop, and bring tbe best price at
that time. We contract with the canners
at Camden (which is about 10 miles away) to
raise tomatoes for them at $8 per ton. We
think this pays better than selling to the
commission men of Philadelphia, as all small
and cracked fruits can be sold to the canners
that would be sold in market as culls at a
very low price. t. s. f.

Camden Co.. N. .T.

Your Working Gloves

Should be DEER¬
SKIN Gloves. For
<£ | we will send
V I postpaid a pair
of the best Buck •
skin Gloves made.
Our new cataioj with
I26tHim?attom isjree
Write for copy.

□oorsliirL Glove Co.

20 Middle St .. Gloversville , N. Y.

APPLE BARRELS AND BOXES, plr?cwes

Prompt shipments. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y.

0 1 II PIGS, August and September farrow

■ I ■ Ul also mature sows. Bred and registered;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

30 TONS HAY, corn, potatoes, vegetables, apples,
12 cords stove wood, 40 liens, pail good horses, 7 tine
cows, all go witli this productive 90-acre dairy farm:
only 9 miles from State capital: good house; conven¬
ient barns; good repair: $2,900 includes all; full
details and "Strout's Special List,” lust out, describ¬
ing and illustrating hundreds of MONEY-MAKING
FARMS throughout New England, New Jersey, and
Delaware, mailed free. E. A. STROUT, Farm Dept.
42, 150 Nassau St., New York City.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

WE WILL PAY WEEKLY
Salary and Expenses to

successful Canvassers.
About a dozen men wanted at

once. Experience and very best
references required. Send ref¬
erences with application.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

WANTED.

Apples, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market I’ rices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details. Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods. Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New York.

FRESH EGGS, high price given, and
i DRESSED P< *U I.TRY ; also Winter
apples. Best price given. Address

,1. WILCOX, Westerly, Rhode Island.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,’

229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

Game,

I Poultry |

1 Mushrooms,

Furs,

I Calves

Nuts..

Ginseng,

1 Hot House LamDs,|

I Fancy Higgs.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F. D. HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N, Y,

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers,

J For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

MUSIC LESSONS ; FREE.

It tells how to learn to play any instrument. Piano
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc. Write American
School of Music, 333 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

CARPENTERING taught by mail, also advice to in-
v tending builders. Plans and specifications etc.

H. S. MARTIN, Kenniore, N. Y.

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

Reliable New Jersey Farms-Large stock and dairy
farms, highly improved. Productive truck and fruit
farms, small farms, country-seats, country homes and
mansions. \\ e do not handle low grade farms on easy
terms, nothing we cannot conscientiously recommend.
Send for lists.

A- IV. DRESSER, Burlington, N. J.

enp DEIIT A fine farm in Carroll Co. Md.,
Iwli lltn I ■ 200 acres; 00 being meadow; well
watered by springs and two streams; ample farm
buildings and hay barracks; new tenant house; wells
at tenant house and barn. Possession at any time;
money rent. The mansion, 21 room fully furnished,
would be let with farm to a suitable tenant. Trolley
between Baltimore and Frederick will be running a
mile from farm within a year. A. P. GORDON-
CUMM1NG, Freedom, Carroll County, Md.

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

I- P. 3MITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

UfCCTCRN EARMC Handsome illus-

VTLOICnH r A it m Oi trated List Free.
Chicago Farm Agency, 125D Hartford nidi;., Chicago.

UUANTED, position on dairy farm in New Jersey.
TT Farm experence and good reference, wages mod¬
erate. Address M. C. SLAGHT, Trumansburg, N. Y.

WANTFH-An aet‘ve- up-to-date married man
TT 1 to take charge of a 140 acre farm in
Blair County. Fenn. Want a man who can success¬
fully raise truck and chickens" Address.

A. B. C.i care Rural New-Yorker, New York.

lA/ARUTm Man and wife, chi].
w® 0 Kb dren, on a farm less than

a mile from town. A very small number of Help
boarded on place. Man to do farm work, woman to
do general house work. House lias been newJy furn¬
ished and all fittings are of the best quality. Good
wages and permanent position for right people. Best
of reference required. ALLEN S. MERCHANT,
Supt., Fanningdale, N. J.

ATTENTION Si?

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

Get it

from your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN,
CHILDREN

and MENL

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

801

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

Sometimes a subscriber has occasion to
write us for a copy of The R. N.-Y.
which failed to reach him. We usually
have the back numbers for several weeks
at least, and we are always glad to send
them in such cases. It is difficult always
to tell just how occasional numbers fail
to reach the people to whom they are
addressed, but they go through a good
many hands in the mail, and it is not
strange that they sometimes go wrong.
We have before explained that we take
every possible pains here to see that the
paper is properly and promptly mailed
every week. We print the following let¬
ter as an evidence of this careful work
on our part :

Postoffice Department, New York. N. Y.

October 18,- 1905.

. Publisher, “Rural New Yorker.”

Dear Sir : A count is taken each year in
.lime, ns you may remember, at ail post
offices receiving any considerable quantity of
second class mail. This count shows the
amount and condition of it in ' respect to
separations as sent by each publisher.

Among the results in New York I notice
that your publication has, as usual, an excel¬
lent record: namely, only 27 sacks of mixed
or unseparated mail out of a total of 725.

This is admirable and cannot fail to re¬
sult to the advantage of your mail in its
more speedy handling and dispatch.

1 take pleasure in congratulating you and
your mailing department upon this good
work. Please keep it up. Respectfully,

n. C. JACKSON.

Asst. Supt. Railway Mail
Service, New York.

The above letter came, of course, un¬
solicited and unexpected. We repeat it
here that you may know that we take
every possible pains to get the paper to
you regularly every week. If, however,
it fails to reach you from any cause, drop
us a postal card and a duplicate will be
sent you promptly.

Subscribers are sending us circulars
from a Boston concern which wants to
sell stock to country people to promote
a new mailing machine. We are asked if
it is a safe thing to invest money in.
Look at the proposition yourself. This
machine is intended especially for large
publishers. These large publishers have
money that they would be glad to invest
in any thing that is safe and reasonably
sure of a good profit. The banks and
trust companies and individual capitalists
in Boston, New York and other large
cities have stacks of money that they in¬
vest in securities paying V/2, 4, A]/2 or 5
per cent interest. These experienced in¬
vestors refuse all these promoting invest¬
ments. Then the promoters get up circu¬
lars and advertisements and go for the lit¬
tle savings of the country people. They
get a lot of it, too. In nine out of ten of
these schemes you are bound to lose. The
company usually fails, and of course your
investment is then gone. But where they
succeed the promoters control a majority
of the stock, and by appropriating all the
profits make your shares worthless. Don’t
touch such shares.

We met a publisher of a trade paper
this week. He showed us a letter from
a farmer asking him why he ran an ad¬
vertisement of a nurseryman which The
R. N.-Y. had refused. The publisher did
not know that anything was wrong. But
he knows now, and the advertising will
be refused. That is the kind of work
that will drive fakers out of the advertis¬
ing columns of papers.

Here is a note that requires no com¬
ment from us :

I shall save the list given for future
reference — am glad you have cut out W. M.
Ostrander. I am acquainted with that gentle¬
man. $25 worth. Was not only going to*sell
my farm, but sell it quickly, that was four
years ago. “A man is known by the com¬
pany be keeps.” and I am glad to see The
Rural New Yorker is bound to keep good
company. w. e.

New York.

By the way, this is the last chance you
will have to get a free copy of our new
poultry book, “The Business .Hen.” . It
will be sent any time this month, but the
year for it closes December 1. If yout
subscription comes in any day this month
the book will go back to you the same
day. Some who have had the book them¬
selves and want to get one for a neighbor
may send the neighbor’s subscription this
month, and he will get it. This is the
last chance. Speak quick now if you
want it.

A TALK ON PACKAGES.

During (he past season we have noticed
quite a reduction in the size of packages for
different fruits, in fact some of the packages
are so small that, if they continue to lessen,
the purchaser will receive all package and
no fruit. Grapes used to come in crates of
eight tills, each till holding from four to
live pounds. Now they have crates of eight
tills which are supposed to hold about four
pounds, but many of the tills have only about
two pounds of grapes in them, and those in
the bottoms of the crates hold less. The
shipoer, when he makes a purchase, expects
his money's worth, and should bear in mind
that others want t lie same.

Goods that are well selected and honestly
packed in full-sized packages invariably bring
outside market prices and will sell on a
bad market, whereas the inferior package
only sells to advantage when the article it
contains is very scarce, otherwise it drags,
and has to be given to those to whom the
merchants never expect to sell again. The
regular trade expects to be fairly dealt with,
and the fair dealer must take as much care
of bis purchasers as he does of his shippers.
Apples will sell best in barrels of 17 *4 -Inch
head and 29-inch stave; the 10-inch barrel
is only good for soft varieties of pears that
will not. pack in the large barrels. The
larger packages always command the best
price, and we think that taking into consid¬
eration the small difference of fruit they con¬
tain, they pay much better than shipping in
smaller barrels. There are scarcely any re¬
turnable packages sent here at all now. The
gift packages are sufficiently strong to bear
trans-shipment any distance.

Plums and cherries sell best in eight, or
ten-pound wooden baskets. We consider the
baskets holding from 14 to 10 quarts to be
the best and most desirable for peaches. Iler-
ries and currants should always be packed in
standard quarts, as short measures put a ban
on their sale.

Beans, peas, lettuce, radishes and Lima
beans should be packed in half-barrel baskets;
these packages bold a trifle less than half a
barrel, there being five of them to two bar¬
rels; they are well ventilated, and when
packed in a car, do not heat the fruit as sacks,
and other packages do. Celery is handled by
a few houses that make a specialty of it,
and comes here in large cases holding from
10 to 12 dozen stalks. Tomatoes from near¬
by should be put in 30-quart crates; those
from Florida and other distant points, in six-
till carriers. Cantaloupes should be packed
in crates which are made especially for them,
and hold from 40 to 45 cantaloupes of uni¬
form size. Cucumbers, Summer squash, egg¬
plant, etc., generally come here in half-bar¬
rel baskets. Peppers from nearby should be
shipped in sugar barrels, and those from Flor¬
ida and other southern points in six-till car¬
riers the same as tomatoes. Potatoes are
shipped here in flour barrels, sacks or in
bulk. When they come by the carload from
the North they are shipped either in sacks
or in bulk; the sacks should contain 170
pounds, and they generally arrive here hold¬
ing Kit* to 1(58 pounds. White onions from
Jersey come in half-barrel baskets, but those
from the North should always be packed in
sacks holding about 150 pounds. It is not
well to ship them in bulk, although many are
shipped that way, as very often they become
badly bruised.

It is useless for the grower to attempt to
put his goods up in a deceptive manner, as
the purchaser thoroughly examines everything
before buying; the head will be taken out of
one barrel of apples, the bottom out of an¬
other, and some of the staves out of another
so as to see how the barrels look all around.
With onions and potatoes the sacks are gen¬
erally turned out to show full view of the
contents.

Honesty is 11m best policy and nears well.

New York. archdeacon & co.

Feeding Cotton -Seed Meal. — I have
fed considerable cotton-seed meal, but have
always been cautious in its use, as recom¬
mended in The It. N.-Y. I have never seen
any evil effect from its use. I have never
experimented to see how much could be
safely fed, or carefully to determine its value
as a milk producer. I have fed it to young
cattle when first turned to pasture in the
Spring, when I was short of long feed and
it was necessary for me to turn them to
grass before there was sufficient pasture
properly to sustain them and the results were
highly satisfactory. 1 would not hesitate
to feed milch cows one quart night and
morning under like circumstances. I always
prefer to feed it with laxative feeds, as lin¬
seed. bran and silage. a. r. Lockhart.

Virginia.

Stone Drains. — My ditching was done
with small stones just thrown in rough and
tumble with some flat stones on the top
to keep tlie dirt from going down through the
small stones. I dug these ditches about
three feet deep, and they have proved all
right; it is about 25 years sinCe I put in the
first ones. But if a person can get the flat
stone, say 8 or 10 inches, and dig the ditch
two feet or more deep and about 10 inches
wide, it is well to set the stone on edge, be¬
ginning at the one side of ditch. Lean the
stones to leave an opening of about two
inches at the bottom and so on across the
ditch. Lay some flat stones over the top of
those set on edge to keep the dirt from go¬
ing down through when ditch is filled. This
makes a very good ditch. I have never had
any experience with a plow to make ditches
or tiie use of tile for ditching. a. b.

Indiana, Pa.

The above illustration is from a photograph of the Plant Industry Build¬
ing, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. It is located in the
heart of the city and is covered with Paroid Roofing. The Government also
uses Paroid for stables, barracks, warehouses, etc. It uses Paroid because it
finds nothing its equal.

Paroid is the ideal roofing for barns, stables, sheds, poultry houses, ware¬
houses, outbuildings, etc. Equally valuable for roofing or siding. It is per¬
manent in character, is easy to lay, is spark and cinder proof, light slate color,
contains no tar, does not crack and does not run in summer

What is good for the Government will be good foryou. Write for free sample
of Paroid and see what it is. Also ask tor booklet and name of nearest dealer.

Send a 2 cent stamp for book of up-to-date poultry and farm building plans,

F. W. BIRD & SON, Makers.

(Originators of the Complete Roofing Kit— fixtures for applying In every roll.)

East Walpole, Mass. Established 1817. Chicago, Illinois.

HEMS WILL LAY

twice the eggs, more fertile, produce better
hatches, heavier fowls, earlier broilers and
bigger profits if fed green cut bone, rich in
protein and all other egg elements.

MANN’C LATEST MODEL

w BONE CUTTER

Sent on 10 Days Free Trial. No money
In advance. Neverclogs. Cuts fast, easy and
fine. Cat Ig free.

F. W. Mann Co.f Box 1 5 , Milford. Mats.

POULTRY

©POULTRY LINE-Fencin

’"jbators. Live ~

We keep ev-j

_ _ J erything in the j

_ i— Fencing, Feed, Incu-j

, , - j Stock, Brooders— anything— .

jit s our business. Call or let us send you.
jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the J
Sasking— it's worth having. j

) Excel si or Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

-jDept. H.U. 2fi & 28 Vesey Street. New York City, t

OOOQOOOOOOQOQQCOQOOOOOQOCi

POULTRY KEEPERS,

The course of “First Lessons in Poultry Keep¬
ing” now running in Farm-Poultry twice a
month, will teach you quickly what would re¬
quire years to learn by experiment. Fifty cts.
a year. Sample free. Farm-Poultry Pub.
Co., Room H, 232 Summer St., Boston, Mass.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac ’oally Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Eight in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sanr ’is. prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

$ I 0-80 For -
I £ 200 Egg
GINCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. III.

WE HAVE NEVER
PAID LESS THAN

5%

Assets

$1,750,000

Surplus and Profits
*150,000

AlTR hUHincHR, entftbliahed 12 years,
” has steadily progressed. We have
distributed to holders of our certifi¬
cates, profits amounting to nearly
three-quarters of a million dollars,
while materially adding to our sur¬
plus. A strong institutionjconducted
under New York Hanking Dept, sup¬
ervision, in which your savings will
l»e carefully handled while earning
foryou 5 p. <*. PER YEAR,
reckoned for every day left in our
chic. Withdrawable at your pleasure.
Let us show you how wo can handle
your savings tobetteradvantagethan
most other institutions. Write for
particulars.

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

6 TIMK8 BLDO., BROADWAY, NKW YORK*

No More Blind Horses

soreeyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, havesurecure

T H

Selected stock, oak-tanned,
custom-made. AH styles,
Guaranteed to give satisfac¬
tion, or return goods at our
expense and get your money
hack. Illustrated catalogue
F and price-list FREE.
The KING HARNESS CO.

6 Lake St..

Owego, Tioga Ce., N. Y.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros., Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

PAGE FENCE STANDS

Use and abuse long after the
price has been forgotten: High-
carbon, double- strength horizon¬
tals; Securely woven; Large
cross-bars; Whole fabric heavily
galvanized. Our first fences—
erected 20 years ago, are still
good. Write for evidence.
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 759. Adrian, Mich.

o

in

OJ

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

N»

01

o

H

CO

IDEAL ALUMINUM LEG BAND

To Mark Chickens
CHEAPEST AND BEST

18 for 15c., 25— SOc., 60— S0o„ »0— 76c.

Frank Myars, IKIfr., Bon 57, Freeport, III.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . f'rln.

CC DD CTO— Good Rat and Rabbit Hunters. Get our
I Ln n L I 0 price list before you buy. Address.
SHADY LAWN FERRET FARM, New London, Ohio.

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.

Prices and Circular FREE.
Samuel Farnsworth, Middlotown, O

ryK oALt MALE ELK at

the Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint. Michigan

ELS $3.00, PULLETS $1.00.

E. E. WOO DIN, Mechanlcville. N. Y.

lUn OMLLi Stock. First class stock at low
prices. Pleasant View Farm, R.F.D., Seward, N. Y.

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORN
COCKERELS, 75c. each, if ordered im¬
mediately. R. B. Pusey, Princess Anne, Md

WRIGHT’S

WHITE WYANDOTTE Choice
’oekereis. Duston Strain. $1.25eaeh.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

extra fine HIlUvIlM DUW>lVOy

Harris blood. Also, Good brooding DOES, not re¬
lated. Would like to exchange a few for registered
SHROPSHIRE BUCK and EAVES.

WOODS FARM, Rath, N. H.

R A PPPH BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

UAAIYLD, Rocis White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN. Marietta, Lancaster County. Penna.

MAPLE VILLA POVLTRY YARDS.— Breeder
of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff and White
Rocks, R. O. and S. 0. W., B.and Buff Leghorns ; W.
and B. Minorcas; Golden, Silver, Buff and W. Wyan-
dottes: R. C. and S. O. Blue Andalusians. Hamburgs,
Ancouas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna.

90

Jfar’s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c.
Bates free J. A. BERGKY.Box 8,Telford.Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New Y’ork State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y\

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N. Y.

New discovery. No obnox¬
ious springs or pads. Auto-
matic Air Cushion. Binds
I Aril Wu and draws the broken
fV yt part* together as you

\ \ _ X ) would a broken limb. No

salves. No lymphol. No
lies. Durable, cheap. Pat.
Sept. 10. '01.

SENT ON TRIAL.

CATALOGUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE CO.. Box 4 12, MARSHALL, MICH.

802

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 4,

Live Stock and Dairy

FOOD VALUE OF HULLED OATS.

I find in market hulled oats, which can
be bought for .$2 per 100 pounds, oats not
hulled about $1.40 per 100. I have tables
giving the nutritive value of oats. I suppose
it means oats not hulled. 1 have not been
able to find any analysis giving the food
value of hulled oats. 1 should suppose the
hulls on oats must be a large per¬
centage of tlielr weight, and of very little
food value In feeding poultry. Can you tell
me the comparative food value of hulled and
unhulled oats? M. m.

Massachusetts.

It is true that practically all the feeding
value of the oat grains is found in the
kernel. The hulls contain 30 or more per
cent of fiber, and are digested to the ex¬
tent of only 30 or 40 per cent. They add
little, when we come to take into consid¬
eration the work of digestion, to the value
of the grain. I doubt if they are a detri¬
ment. We have no data for estimating
the comparative value of clipped oats as
against those with the hull, or with the
hull off. In fact we have no data which
would permit of my giving exact compar¬
ative values as you desire. Such values
cannot be given by mere analysis. Di¬
gestion experiments with these materials
would be necessary, and probably obser¬
vations with respiration apparatus.

W. H. JORDAN.

Geneva (N. Y.) Exp. Station.

AILING ANIMALS .

Wart on Colt's Head.

By what means can I remove a blood
wart from my colt's head? Wart is on right
side of head just below the ear, where the
brow-band and bridle meet. In the Spring
it was small, now it is about the size of a
half dollar. s.

A lien wood. Pa.

Run a needle with a stout double
thread under the wart and tie on each
side of the wart, and tighten the string
every other day for a few days and then
clip the wart out with scissors.

Horse With Swollen Leg.

I have a mare that was sick about a
month ago with a very high fever. Since
she got over that her right foreleg has been
swollen. It is somewhat stiff when she is
first driven, but goes down a little. What is
the remedy? b. p.

New York.

of the skin when it is caused by internal
disorders which are liable to recur. When
a person has an animal that has the same
trouble year after year it is a very good
idea to let some one have it and replace it
with a younger animal. Sometimes it
may be caused by indigestion or irritant
matters in the blood and sweat ; the re¬
sult of poor condition powders ; poor
patent medicated foods; green food, new
hay or' new or poor grains; shedding the
coat ; hot weather ; or any sudden change
of food. The same disorder is quite
commonly found on the legs and many
times is the cause of stocked or enlarged
legs. The legs may suffer many times
from being wet with mud or snow or
from washing with caustic soaps or from
the use of blistering liniments. The best
wash for the legs is made of rain water
and castile soap applied cold to the legs.
Then wipe them dry. When the eruption
comes all over the body sometimes a little
oil meal in the grain or a teaspoonful
of Epsom salts once a day will do much
toward a cure. m. d. williams, d. v. s.

TROUBLE WITH COW'S UDDER.

A few days ago one of my cow’s teats got
so that the milk would not come when pressed
hard, but teat had to be opened each time
before milking. A scab formed at the end
of teat, that has healed, but still the milk
does not come, except a very small stream.
I thought first another cow had stepped on
her, but hardly know what to believe, as the
teat on the other side has since got a scab
at the end just like the other, only this one
does not milk so hard, and last night the
milk wits slimy. The udder is not swollen.

Connecticut. J. b. ii.

The trouble with udder is contagious
and often leads to garget. We have had
a number of cases. Rub vaseline to keep
the end of teat soft and help heal up the
sore. Avoid using a tube if possible, as
it injures about as many cows as it cures.
If the teat closes tight between milkings
put in a little hard-wood plug, well
greased with vaseline. Leave a little knob
at the lower end to prevent its going too
far into the teat. It is also well to have
the plug a little larger back a bit from the
point to prevent it falling out. See that
the quarter is milked out clean each time.

H. G. M.

Wash the leg with cold rain water and
castilc soap, and wipe the leg dry after
each drive.

Skin Trouble in Mare.

We have a mare that has rubbed much of
the hair from her head, also from mane and
tail. There are a few lumps on fore shoul¬
der, and she keeps biting herself, evidently
to allay itching. She is real fat and has
natural appetite; feed corn and oats m.xed.
We have used condition powder, mange cure,
tar soap, antiseptic oil and washed her in
salt water. Conditions appear to be growing
worse. Please prescribe for her. c. e. s.

Port Royal, S. C.

Get a few tobacco stems, and taking
about a pound at a time, place them in a
pail of boiling water, and let the water
cool. Then wash the horse all over with
a pail of soapsuds and before she gets
dry wet the animal from the end of her
ears to the end of her tail with the tobac¬
co water. This must be repeated once a
week in order to get the little parasites
that hatch from time to time.

Horse with Eczema.

My mare, eight years old, breaks out with
a rash that looks like hives, but sometimes
the pustules break and run for several
weeks, usually in Spring. Last Spring and
this one appeared on the spine, two inches
across. Recently she returned from three
weeks’ pasture and broke out again in a
lesser degree. During an attack she seems
in good health and spirits. Can you explain
the difficulty and suggest a remedy?

New Jersey. h. c. t.

You have given a good description of
a case of eczema. The term eczema is
now applied very generally to eruptions

Horse Meat for Hens. — Regarding
fresh horse meat for hens, I never fed
any, but would consider it all right to
feed. I do not now feed fresh meat or
green cut bone, as I find it takes too much
time and labor to prepare the same. I
much prefer a good, dry prepared meat
for the reason before stated, and also be¬
cause it contains far less grease and mois¬
ture. Furthermore, the dry prepared meat
will keep in good condition in hot
weather. However, at three-fourths cent
per pound, and with good facilities for
preparing, something might be saved by
using the horseflesh. I would feed it
thoroughly mixed with a mash of ground
grains and wheat bran, and a few boiled
and mashed vegetables, or short cut clover
or Alfalfa. h. j. Blanchard.

Tompkins Co., N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

DEHORNING ISN’T CRUEL

r It may be with a saw, but not so
when the

KEYSTONE DEHORNER

is used. It cuts from four sides at
once; makes a sliding, sharp shear
cut. Any stock-raiser can do it
easily. No crushing or splintering
of horns or tearing of flesh. Done
in 2 minutes. Send for free booklet.
M. T. Phillips, Box 18, Pomeroy, Pa,

r’

dr. David
Roberts

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion in Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours in
Calves. No. 5 How to makeyour
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist
431 brand A ve..W aukesha. W is.

Tuttle’s Elixir

Sovereign Horse Remedy

We offer $100. for any case of
colic, curb, splint or lameness it
fails to cure when we say cure is
possible. Our great book, "Vet¬
erinary Experience,” free. 100

pages, a perfect guide. Send for copy#

Tuttle’s Elixir Co..

30 Beverly St., Beaton, Mas*.

IT’S A FACT

That we now have more young cows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
They are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d’s Butter
Boy 3d, Beryl Wayne's Paul DeKol, and the imported
bull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for further particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD. Established 1876.

HENRY STEVENS & SON.
Brooksicle Stock Farm, Lacuna, N. Y.

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trad© Mark

8r»iYVIKT OTJPIE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Savc-thc-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
C^C.OO per bottle with written guarantee.

Send for copy, also booklet and acorea of
lettera on every kind of caae and laineneaa. De¬
scribe yonr own caae.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid. .
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

EarLabels

for SHEEP, HOGS
and CATTLE, from
$1.00 per 100 up.
Best oo the market. Send for Free Catalogue Stockmen’s
Supplies. F.S. BURCH &C0-, 144 Illinois St. Chicago.

A Lady can hold_him.

of the BEERY BIT _
rOUR O ITS IN ONE

Cures Kickers, Runaways, Pullers,
Shyers, ete. Bend for Bit on Ten
Days’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant I1IU, Ohio.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier. 80005. is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

OAKLAND FARM

OFFERS HOLSTEIN BULL,

Born November 20. 1904. Two-thirds White.
Sire, Canary’s Mercedes’ Son, whose dam made 25
pounds, her milk testing 4.92 per cent.

Dam, Urmagelsche 3d, 14 Kt pounds at three years
with first calf. She by Admiral DeKol.

If you want a good one cheap write quick.

T. A. MITCHELL, WKEDSPORT, N. Y.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N- FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested,
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd: dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.
t Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

Regist'd Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLTONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES S5TSS

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

8. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

50 LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 50

50 Spring, Summer and Fall Pigs from mature sire and
dams, representing the best English and American
breeding, pairs and trios not akin. All ped. animals at
reasonable prices. Richard H. Stone, Trumansburg, NY

Large Eng. Berkshires

I mported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WIIiLiOTTG-HBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Plmrsalia, N. Yr.

F(\p Oil C Registered Hampshire Down
rUVl OHLCa Ram. Fine animal, cheap if
sold at once. CHARLES O. JACKSON. Greene, N.Y.

(UDflDCUIDE D A MO Prize winners. Im-
onnurdmnt IlMIYlOi ported and homebred.
Large and heavy woo led.

NUTWOOD FARMS, R. F. D. 4. Syracuse, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
live years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Wavnes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices or
anything needed in Holsteln-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster CO.. N.Y.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

On Thursday. Nov. 16, 1905, I will dispose of the fol¬
lowing herd of Jersey cattle, at public sale:— One stock
bull, Six cows, all registered, Two heifers in calf. Two
heifer calves, and Three yearling bulls, all eligible.
Sale to be held on my farm near Reading and to com¬
mence at 1.30 P. M. GEO. A. RICK, Reading, Pa.

A Leffel

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam is the
only dependable power.

Leffel Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon¬
tal, Upright, Portable.
Famous for quick
steaming on little fuel.

Power when wanted,
all you want. Be¬
fore yoi
power

book, Power
omy and E f f I c I
oncy. Mailed free
Write for It.

The James
Leffel & Co.,

Box ISO,

Springfield, Ohio.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money If not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
inCalf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

SHROPSHIRE and SOUTHDOWN RAMS

Prize winning: Canadian and home bred; big lofty
fellows. 150 premiums won in 1904.

NOAH DENNY. Route 4, Fort Recovery. O.

Large English Berkshires, $5 each: pairs not related,
$9.50. 9 Shropshire Ewes cheap. B. P. Rock and Buff
Orpington cockerels $1 up. W. A. Lothers, Lack, Pa.

DROTHERTOWN FARMS-HAVE FOR SALE
u THOROUGHBRED IMPROVED

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS

(both sexes), 4 to 6 weeks old, at $5 each. The foun¬
dation for this herd came from two of the best Cana¬
dian breeders. For full information, address

QUENTIN Me AD AM, Prop., Utica, N. Y.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN’S
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or cometo see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves,
A. A. CORTELYOTJ.Nesbanic. N. J

HOLSTEIN BULLS

FOR SALE ready for service; also BULL CALVES
from 80 pound cows with oidinary feed and care.
None of our cows are fed for 7 or 30 days test. Wm. B.
Clark, Mngr.,“ Long Meadows,” Baldwinsville, N. Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

Largest and highest testing butter fat herd of reg¬
istered Holsteins in the world.

Service bulls, 'cows, male and female calves for sale.
Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. P-

Some extra good young animals,
bneamneo. Delaine and Oxfords. Rams and
Ram Lambs. ED. S. HILL, Freeville. N. Y.

Farmir’s Favorite
Feed Cooker

Is the model for
and best adapted
lng, apple butter and sugar
making, etc.— a score of uses.

It’s made to last. Weight
greater than any other cooker
of same low price. Write to¬
day for circular. Sent free on request.
L. R. Lewis, 1 2 Main St. Cortland, N.Y.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the <.

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stovoa, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. ay Send for circulars,
D. R. SPERRY * CO., Batavia. I1L

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be bad at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

8o3

WORKING THE COW'S UDDER.

I have always been interested in the
question of milking, but perhaps never so
much as now. I was quite severely scored
two years ago in The R. N.-Y. for advis¬
ing against too rapid milking; that is, the
hurrying kind where one tries to see how
fast he can work. I do not object to a
full, free drawing of the milk. But it is
against that class of hurry which does
not give time at the last to stop long
enough for a complete emptying of the
udder. Unless one has given the ques¬
tion some thought and study he will hard¬
ly think that the very small amount
called strippings, if left, will make very
much difference. About two years ago,
Dr. Hegelund, a Danish veterinarian and
teacher, published the so-called manipula¬
tion method. It attracted some attention
at the time. I did not think it of very
great importance at the time. It had
seemed to me that if one milked all the
milk there was in the udder, what was the
use waiting any longer? After working
under this system the past season I have
changed my mind, and have come to the
conclusion that the time spent in working
out the very last drop by this working of
the udder will have an effect in prolong¬
ing the period of full flow, provided, of
course, the cow has full rations. There
is a vast difference in cows; some will by
the ordinary method give nearly every
last drop without special effort. We are
milking a cow now that was given up as
a poor producer. The ordinary milking
would leave a quart of milk in the udder.
We have persistently worked the udder
since she calved in March. Several
times during the Summer she has shown
a disposition to dry up, but just as per¬
sistently we have worked the udder. She
is now giving 30 pounds a day, and bids
fair to continue for some time to come.
I wish others would make a trial and
note results. In order to get value out
of the experiment one should begin when
the cow freshens, and keep it up for the
full milking period* with full feed every
day, and that to be of the very best.
There is little use in wasting time on any
milking experiment unless the feed is uni¬
form. What effect a protracted effort of
this kind would have on the cow only re¬
peated trial would demonstrate. I do,
however, have much confidence. Prof.
Woll, of Wisconsin, found marked gains,
as reported in Bulletin 96. The Penn¬
sylvania Station also, in Bulletin 113, re¬
ports observations there. I feel sure one
needs to milk with the head as well as the
hands if full pay is received for our high-
priced feed, and also that a waste is daily
taking place through indifferent milking.

H. E. COOK.

FRESH OR DRIED MEAT FOR HENS.

One of our readers in New Jersey says
that he can get fresh horse meat at about
three-fourths of a cent a pound. lie has
good conveniences for boiling the same. This
meat is in good condition. He wants to
know if at this price the horse meat is to
be preferred to the prepared meat, such as
the feed stores keep at about 2% cents a
pound. We would like to have your opinion
about it, and also what you think is the
best way of feeding this boiled meat, either
alone or mixed with potatoes and vegetables.

I have used all kinds of meat, both raw
and cooked, and decided to use nothing
but best ground beef scraps. I am care¬
ful to get the best scraps; there is much
poor material in the market, not fit for
feed. 1 would not feed the horse meat
if I could get it free of cost, as I do not
believe the hens will do as well on it, as
on best scraps, and I do not relish hand¬
ling it. I think the best way for anyone
to decide this matter is by trial.

New Hampshire. c. e. l. hayward.

Without question laying hens or grow¬
ing stock need meat in some form to do
their best. Strictly fresh meat either

boiled or raw is preferable to the meats
prepared in advance. If this man can
get horse meat at price named and
can manage to have it in a good, sweet
condition ; has means for preparing it, and
has time he can spare for this purpose, it
would be a good thing. Boil the meat,
chop fine and with the liquid mix with
ground grain and vegetables. Do not
feed too much at a time.

Pennsylvania. c. n. Reynolds.

At three-fourths of a cent a pound, I
would certainly prefer to feed the horse
meat to the prepared meat. I am not par¬
ticular as to the kind of meat that I feed,
or the way that I feed it, only the amount.
I feed from two to 10 per cent of pre¬
pared meat, according to the age, range
and season of the year; little when young,
more when yarded, more in Winter than
in Summer. I cannot raise birds, even
on free range, so large and fine without
some kind of meat as I can with it. I
usually feed it in the mash.

New York. earl l. cook.

The inquirer is very fortunate to pro¬
cure fresh horse meat at three-fourths
of a cent per pound. I pay three cents a
pound for dried ground meat. I have
never used horse meat but should judge
it was equal to dried meat. I would ad¬
vise him not to use it too freely, as it is
rather too stimulating. I have used the
fresh ground bone and the dried meat
more or less, then discontinue the use of
it for a while, and never could see any
difference in the yield of eggs. I use
the meat mixed with cornmcal, wheat
middlings and bran, using cold water in
Summer and hot in Winter; also add
boiled potatoes in Winter.

New Jersey. a. johnson.

Horse meat is an excellent meat food
for fowls; it is nearly as good as beef.
Feed it just as you would feed beef.
Meat is steam cooked, kiln-dried, and
then ground to a fine meal by powerful
machinery. It isn’t going to pay to both¬
er with cooking, drying, and grinding it
yourself for a dozen hens, if you have
anything else to do ; you use up a dol¬
lar’s worth of time in curing a few cents
worth of meat meal. The same process
applies to drying (evaporating) blood. It
would require an expensive plant to do it
to the best advantage, and you need to
have a large supply to justify things for
a big plant. The amount to feed is about
one-quarter ounce of meat meal, or beef
scraps, per day to each fowl on an aver¬
age. E. C. WAIN WRIGHT.

The reader in New Jersey who can
get fresh horse i leat at three-fourths of a
cent a pound must live in a section where
horses are more plentiful than they are
in this vicinity. I have never had a
chance to try horse meat as a poultry
food, and would not care to use it unless
I knew the animal was not badly dis¬
eased. However, we have fed beef with
good results and fresh horse meat does
not vary greatly from fresh beef. We
would freeze this meat solid if weather
was favorable (ours generally is from
December 1 to April l) and put it through
a bone-cutter, bones and all, and feed
same as cut bone. If he boils it the best
part, the bones, will be much harder to
reduce and not nearly so palatable to the
hens. In comparing this meat with the
prepared meat foods, as animal meal and
beef scraos, it is veil to remember that
these prepared products are practically
water-free, while fresh meat is over 50
per cent water. The potential energy of
beef scraps is nearly twice as great as of
porterhouse steak, and the protein con¬
tent a trifle over three times as great,
while the ash is 10 times greater. Ash
is a very important factor in poultry feed¬
ing. If, however, he feeds the bones with
the meat he will add very much to the
ash content, and somewat increase the
protein, but will slightly reduce the po¬
tential energy and greatly reduce the per¬
centage of water. If he can use both
bone and meat, and get it in shape to feed
at not too great an expense, I think it
would prove profitable to feed. Other¬
wise I doubt if it would be as economical
as beef scraps or animal meal. g. r. s.
Saratoga Co., N. Y.

The

Scales

Don9t

Lie

The weigh scales don’t lie. If you have given your fowls
Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a regularly with the daily ration,
there will be more pounds registered on the scale beam when
you come to sell ; there will be no disease in the flock, and the
i poultry buyer will find eggs in the crate next morning.

DR. HESS

Poultry PAN-A-CE-A

is the famous poultry tonic— formulated by Dr. Hess (M. D., D.V.S.). By the
action of bitter tonics the medical authorities attest that the organs of
digestion will extract more of the egg-making material from the food, as
well as other nutrition which is applied to the manufacture of bone, muscle
and feathers. Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a besides making hens lay, cures
and prevents cholera, roup, indigestion, etc. It contains germicides that
destroy the minute bacteria which produce so many fatal diseases. Re- >,
member Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a bears the indorsement of leading f
Poultry Associations in the United States and Canada, costs but a J
penny a day for about 30 fowls, and is sol<l on a written guarantee.

1 1-2 lbs. 125c., mall or express 40c.
5 lbs. 60c. ; 12 lbs. $1.35
25 lb. pall, $2.50

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book, free.

Except in Canada
>- and extreme
West and South.

Instant Louse Killer
Kills Lice.;

DR. HESS & CLARK,

ASHLAND, OHIO.

97

Beware of “Cheap
Cream Separators.

There was never so much talk of “cheap” separators. It may
well be said that the D£ LAVAL has its numerous imitators
on the run, and that most of them are nearing the end of their
race. All are offering cut after cut in prices, and making most
desperate efforts to unload machines at any cost.

Of course you want a cheap separator. But be sure you know
what cheapness means. It means more in a separator than in
anything else because the use of a poor machine means WASTE
every time milk is put through it.

Don’t lose sight of the importance of CAPACITY, and re¬
member always that in proportion to actual capacity, the D E
LAVAL is the cheapest separator made. In addition it
SAVES its cost while others WASTE theirs, and it will last
TEN TIMES as long.

Remember too that you have got to have new wearing parts
for a separator, frequently for a poor one, and that most so-
called “cheap” machines now offered will be off the market in
a year or two. Then your “cheap” machine must go straight
to the “junk heap.”

There was never a better time than now to buy a good sepa¬
rator. as with the season of high butter prices ahead it will half
save its cost in otherwise wasted butter-fat before Spring. But
don't be tempted to buy one of the “paste diamond” class that
will soon be worth no more than its weight in scrap-iron, and
will have WASTED instead of SAVED its cost while you did
use it.

The best is more truly the cheapest in cream separators than
in anything else. Send today for catalogue and name of near¬
est local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St..
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices :

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

SILOS

Steel Frame, round,
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,

. ^ . „ . _ models of convenience,

cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

FREE STORY interest to every farmer and his
1 " i family, also our complete catalogue

of Simplicity Gasoline Engines will he sent abso
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See oui
large advertisement in December 2 issue of this paper
Write to day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
Mfg, Co., 16 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

PITLESS

SCALES

What you lose in one year would pay for a set of KNOD1G SCAI FS ,i„„ i ,. - - - -

life. $50.00 clear saving on the price, and no pit to ’dig or wall or fill* whh water* ci?S tl?at combine perfect accuracy ana long
high. Just one pair needed for your lifetime. Sit down and^fiAui^ouf the t°P °f Srrou.rd’ 0nly eightlnches

for catalogue, prices and all particulars. *nd * °U‘ lhe ,0*5 4,ld g*,n ior your*elf- Then write us

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE COMPANY, 2107 Wyandotte St., KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

»» s

8o4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 4, 1905.

HUMOROUS

He loved his charming little wife;

He loved her more and more;

So when some dumplings she had made
He swallowed three or four.

O love, triumphant ! Wondrous love !

And love in spasms, too —

Said weeping friends about his bed ;
“Thank heaven, he'll pull through.”

— San Francisco Call.

Mrs. Newlywed: “Oh, Clarence, I
can sec a perfect reflection of mv face
way down there in the water.” Mr. New¬
lywed : “Are you sure it ain't a lobster
pot you see? There’s lots of ’em about
here, you know.” — Life.

Pat : “This is a great country, Mary
Ann.” Mary Ann: “How’s that?” Pat:
“Shure th' pa-apers sez yez can buy a
foive-dollar money or-der fer three cints.
Oi’m afther havin’ wan now wid th’
money yez give me for th’ cake av soap.”
— Washington Life.

“Any good shooting on your farm?”
asked a sportsman of a farmer. “Splen¬
did,” replied the agriculturist; “there’s a
canvasser man down in the clover mea¬
dow, a peddler at the house, a county
board candidate out in the barn, and two
tramps down in the stackyard. Climb
right up oyer the fence, young man, load
both barrels and sail in.” — Credit Lost.

When you write advertisers mention The
K. N.-Y and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINT'S

AiWHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SAVE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you.. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to30 per cent commission

to get oriters lor our celebrated Teas,
Coffees, SplceB, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents und Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 81-83 Vesey St., New York

Fearless Horse Powers

Two horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. Strong, safe, easy for
horses. Always ready. Two horse size $100.
|Send for catalogue.

Harder Mfg.Co. Boi 11, Coblesklll, H.T.

The WAGON to BUY.

Properly con¬
structed. Saves labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

TO FIT ALL

WAGONS.

Your address on a poBtal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Go.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

STEEL WHEELS

FARMERS

HANDY
WACON

Low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to tit any axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MEG.C0., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOS 17 HAVANA, ILL.

GRIND FINE OR C0ARSB

all feeds, ear corn, with or with¬
out husks, all grains, with the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

Speediest, easiest running, most du¬
rable mill made. Four sites. Espe¬
cially adapted for gasoline engines.
Use 2b percent lees power than any
Others. New double cutters, force
_ _ _ feed, uo choking.

The 0. S. KELLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

Keen Kutt:
tells in the
Keen Kutter
as in bett
greater saf ‘
is not an
for Keen
be pass
father tc.

ility
^3fe of
as well
^ Ark and
S* on. It
<5? tal thing
^ ^ Tools to
vfiwn from
Cy a^so long do
they la? cs

The qj* «T Jife of Keen
Kutter ^ Is compared
■with the aort term of

I'll

» ^ i*\

Sectional View of
Handle Showing
Greliner Wedge.

|§!!

m

1

■-1' I,

■mmm

service of inferior brands makes Keen Kutter Tools by far the least expen¬
sive tools that you can buy. The

mu KUffiR

trademark covers every kind of tools so that you may always be sure of
highest quality by insisting upon Keen Kutter Tools.

An example of the Keen Kutter excellence is found in Keen Kutter
Hatchets and Handled Axes. These are made of the highest grade of steel,
on the most approved lines, and by the best workmen. Every Keen Kutter
Hatchet and Axe has the handle wedged with the Greliner Patent Everlasting
Wedge which positively prevents the head ever flying off or working loose,
and is sharpened ready for use. These are exclusive Keen Kutter features.

Some of the other kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are: Axes, Adzes,
Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes,
Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks,
Brush Hooks, Corn Knives, Flye Hoes, Trowels, Pruning Shears,
Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors,
etc., and Knives of all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Send for
Tools, write us and learn where to get them. Tool Booklet.
Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this Mark and Motto :

“ The Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten .”

Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

SI. Louis, U. S. A. 298 Broadway, New York.

A Telephone for the
Country Home

The telephone in the country home is not a luxury— it’s a
money-saving investment that brings returns every day.
Keeps the farmer’s family in close relation with the neigh¬
bors, saves manv a trip to town, and helps to make the
young folks satisfied with the farm by giving them advan-
tagesTike their city cousins.

Stromberd. Carlson

Telephones

Are the right telephones forcountry homes. They work right,
stay right, and the price is right. Our new book 102-E, “flow
the Telephone Helps the Farmer,” illustrates and describes
how our telephones are made— explains why they are the
best to buy. Farmers are building lines all over the land. Why
not you ? The book shows how cheaply it can be done. If you are
interested we will send you a book telling “How to Build a Rural
Telephone Line,” and how to maintain it after it is built. Both
books are free. Write nearest office for them today. Address

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. MFG. CO.. Rochester. N. Y.. ChicmJo. III.

WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tire on • $r.75.

With Rubber Tires, 41 14.50. i mfg. wheels to din.
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75: Sleighs, $10.75. Write for
catalog, l.earn how to buy direct. Repstr W heels $4.00.
Wagou Umbrella FREE. R. BOOH. Cincinnati, O.

CDCC CT flpV of interest to every farmer and his
w I wU I family, also our complete catalogue
of Simplicity Gasoline Kngines will he sent abso¬
lutely Free to everyone who will write for it. See our
large advertisement in December 2 issue of this paper.
Write to-day. Western Malleable & Grey Iron
M fg. Co., 10 Chase Street, Milwaukee, Wis.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be bad by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.

So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

85 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. ™ Craig St., West, Montreal, P.Q.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitts St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

FEED GUTTER!

V\mm

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made— no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. Forinfor-
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

90 Cream Separator

4L.

SB wft. WHEN YOU WRITE for our

ga y-' free Cream Separator Cata-
wO -Y logue we will send you a won-

B HH-iH d dertul offer, by which you can

fl B 7 take our very beet separator

^B B R9B on one month’s free trial on

credit. Send no money to us.
deposit no money with any
one, pay nothing when you
get It (we trust you abso¬
lutely), use the separa¬
tor one month, put It to
every test, at the end of
one month If you find it
skims closer, runs easier,
Is easier to operate, skims
colder milk, does better
work and is In every way
better than any other so p-
nrator you ever saw,
then you pay us for It ; If
not, send It back to us at .
our expense of freight
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THE FARMER AND THE GAME LAWS.

The Same Story Everywhere.

A New York newspaper recently informed its readers
that Rockefeller, up the Hudson River, was paying two
dollars apiece for the killing of stray dogs found on his
grounds. 1 he article said that some valuable dogs were
being slain, and that as fox-coursing was lawful, wheth¬
er the grounds invaded were posted against trespassing
or not, Mr. Rockefeller's action should be vigorously
condemned. We know that sheep-killing dogs caught
in the act, or those known to be sheep-killers, may be
killed, but in addition, we would like to be assured that
any law claiming to permit hordes of sportsmen with
horses, guns and dogs to go tearing over a man's crops
and premises, can be enforced, or is entitled to the
least regard from property owners. 1 lie fact is, it is
an imposition, pure and simple, to require any man to
post his premises against trespasses of any kind. Every
owner has an inherent and defensible right to that
which belongs to him and no law can
confer upon other parties the use of his
premises without his consent unless by
condemnatory processes for the public
good. A man’s home is his castle and his
farm is his kingdom, and the conscious¬
ness of this fact is really the most val¬
uable asset in his possession.

In Hudson, the other day, the writer
had an enjoyable conversation with a
bright young minister who had just re¬
turned from a long pedestrian jaunt
through the Catskill Mountains. He
said that he found the trip at times unsafe
for him if alone, on account of the pres¬
ence of the bears on the roads. He was
understood to say that the bears had in¬
creased to sue It a dangerous extent be¬
cause they were protected by law. Such
protection for the bears, if it exists, is
solely in the interests of the sportsmen
and hunting clubs, and is class legisla¬
tion and clearly against the rights of the
farmers and the general public. Such
legislation is as reprehensible as that
which exempts from taxation the mil¬
lions invested in race courses on the pre¬
tense that when not in use as race tracks
they are public parks.

It seems that we are not at liberty to
kill the rabbits that girdle our fruit trees
or shoot the robins that devour our cher¬
ries, but the dude sportsmen with their
horses and dogs can invade our premises
at will. The automobilists have taken possession of
our roads and with the bears command us to get off the
earth. It might be well to remember that the tres¬
passes and infringements of the so-called privileged
classes upon the rights of the common people culminat¬
ed in the French Revolution. j. yates peek.

R. N.-Y.— Another daily paper tells of a farmer on
Long Island who held up a crowd of fox hunters, who
with dogs. were after a fox. This farmer fired both
barrels at the fox. He didn’t hit. but the dogs and the
hunters heard the shot whistle and turned back ! Farm¬
ers seem to have been asleep, letting the politicians
make laws for them while the “privileged classes” have
taken inch by inch until they have a rod more than
they deserve.

25 farmers living just west of Middletown, N. Y., -in
Orange County, one of its objects being “to attempt to
furnish an object lesson of what can be done in the
way of good roads without the expenditure of so much
money as is used in the construction of State roads.”

The road tapping this section had been an abomina¬
tion for years, and these men who have occasion to use
it regularly had put up with it until patience ceased to
he a virtue. The plan was to secure the contract from
the town for the care of this four miles of road, at such
price as the town could afford to pay from its road
fund, and supplement this with an annual assessment
on the club members sufficient to give us a good road.
We claimed that for $200 per mile we could build as
good a road as the State is building at a cost of $0,000
or $4,000 per mile, aside from cutting down grades.

1 he club has had an up-hill road to travel, but its
success is assured. The job is completed with the ex¬
ception of a short section, and the money for its full
completion is in the treasury. The cost has been kept

“GOOD ROADS” AT A LOW COST.

M apes, the Hen Man, Talks About If.

A GOOD ROADS CLUB. — On page 634 of The R.
N.-Y. for 1904 I gave an account of the organization of
the Maple Dale Good Roads Club, with some of the
salient features of its by-laws. It is composed of about

HOODOO MUSKMELON, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 343. See Ruralisms, Page 810.

within the $200 per mile, and all interested in the sub¬
ject of good roads are invited to inspect and compare
with the high cost State roads. There is a mile of road
leading out of Middletown on the south, on which the
State and county expended $9,000 about a year ago,
and I have been repeatedly assured by those who have
gone over both, that our road is the more satisfactory
of the two for both horse and driver.

I HE GREA l LACK. — In the paper of last year,
above referred to, the question was asked by “Brevities” :
“What are the reasons why such a plan cannot be
worked in your community? Would a failure result
from a lack of men, money or material?” We came
near to failure for lack of all three. When we applied
to the town officials for the contract for this road,
asking only $50 per mile from the highway fund, we
found that the kind of men we had elected to office
could not appreciate a good thing when they had an
opportunity, and they refused to give us any encour¬
agement, claiming that they did not care to experiment
with the town’s money. Here was a case of “lack of
men” in official position, which also carried with it
"lack of money.” It was generally believed that this

settled our Good Roads Club, and doomed it to a pre¬
mature grave. A few of our members, however, were
not made of the kind of stuff that spells defeat out of
reverses, and we began to look about for a way over, or
under, or around the obstruction.

THE LAW HELPS OUT.-We found that under
the old law and the labor system of New York State,
the Commissioners of Highways are “king of the road”
with full responsibility for the condition of the roads
in their respective towns, and full authority to levy any
amount of labor tax which in their judgment is needed.
Under the new law, however, and the money system
with State aid under which our town is now working,
all this is changed. The Town Board, consisting of
the Supervisor and Justices of the Peace, now have a
voice in deciding how much highway tax shall be levied
on the town. 1 his did not help our case any, as they
were as obdurate as the Highway Commissioners.
State aid, however, carries with it State supervision,
and we found that the Commissioners of Highways are
subject to the orders of the State Engi¬
neer, and also of the County Engineer in
counties where one is employed. A fail¬
ure to comply with their orders, forfeits
to the town the right to participate in the
distribution of State monies, much the
same as in the case of public school
monies. After ascertaining these facts,
an appeal was made to the State Engi¬
neer’s office, with the result that he ad¬
vised our County Engineer to take the
matter in hand, and advise our town
officials to give our Good Roads Club an
opportunity to try our experiment. The
$200 asked for from the town fund was
finally voted to us, the contract drawn,
and work begun.

A NEW SNAG. — When nearing com¬
pletion we struck upon the rock of “lack
of material.” There is an abundance of
good shale and gravel near the section
yet uncompleted, where it can be got at
short haul, but the owner of the farm
upon which it is located refuses to enter¬
tain any proposition to allow any of it to
be used for road purposes. Here is an¬
other reverse but not necessarily a de¬
feat. Were it wanted for a State road-,
it could readily be condemned and used
without the consent of the owner. The
old law, however, which authorizes town
officials to condemn gravel for highway
purposes, stipulates that it cannot be
taken “within 1,000 feet of any house or
barn.” This law is about as good as no law. Divide a
township up into 160-acre farms, place the builditv s
in the centre of each farm and not a shovelful of gravel
could be condemned for road purposes under this law
in the whole township. It is evident that this law needs
to be amended in these days of increased interest in
good roads. In this case we shall probably be compelled
to draw a supply of gravel from a more distant farm,
increasing the expense to some extent.

WHAT TO DO. — The modus operandi by which we
proposed to go about it to build a good road for $200
per mile was given in my article of last year. We fol¬
lowed the directions then given, and the result is all
that was claimed. Of course cost would vary in dif¬
ferent localities according to character of the land, its
freedom from stone, convenience of good gravel, etc.
T judge, however, that this section is a fair average
for the State. Most authorities on road construction
place good drainage at the head of the list as of first
importance.

Tn order to have a really good road there is an¬
other principle of such prime importance that is is hard
to separate the two. This is the surfacing of the

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER II. 1905.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2911.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

8o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 11,

road with some good material that will “pack,” or ce¬
ment itself firmly to the underlying stones with which
most soils are plentifully supplied, so as to present a
smooth and hard upper surface to the wheel. This
property is not possessed by the soil, which has been
prepared by nature for a seed-bed for vegetation and
filled with organic matter. It soon works loose from
the underlying stones, in the form of mud in wet
weather and dust in dry weather, leaving the stones pro¬
truding to pound the wheels in a manner that is familiar
to all travelers in the Empire State. As a rule the
stratum of earth just below the soil can be expected to
pack in a satisfactory manner. Shale, gravel, hardpan,
slate and even some kinds of clay make a very good
surfacing material. We secured good drainage by
bringing the roadbed to a good crown with the road
machine. This was done at a cost of about $40 per mile.
Along this crown where the beaten track is located,
we spread a thin layer of shale, using about a cubic
yard to each rod of road on the higher ground, and
more on low places. This gives a beaten track equal to
the high-cost roads in nearly all kinds of weather.
Future work will consist only in keeping the gutters
scoured out so as to secure good drainage and applying
new surfacing material to the crown of the road as it is
worn out by use. Both of these items are necessary in
all roads if they are to be kept good. o. w. mapes.

THE LAND OF COW PEAS AND CLOVER.

Farming on the Delaware Peninsula.

Part III.

About the most complete use of green crops for fer¬
tilizing that I saw while on the Peninsula was in Har¬
rison’s Nurseries at Berlin, Md. There were something
over 5,000,000 young trees growing, and everyone knows
that nursery stock requires heavy fertilizing. When we
realize how many nursery trees are crowded upon an
acre, and the vast amount of wood and leaf that must
be grown, we can easily see what fertility is required.
The Harrisons have nearly 1,000 acres under cultivation,
more than ever before, yet they tell me that they have
used less fertilizer and manure than ever. This seems
doubly remarkable when it is remembered that much
of their soil has been under cultivation for a century
or more, and badly worn out before they took it. Fig.
346, page 807, gives a faint idea of what is done to
such soil. The view shown is a young peach and Kieffer
pear orchard, three years old. There are three rows
of cow peas drilled between each two rows of trees.
The pods of the cow peas are shown ; they look much
like beans. In between the cow peas, sorghum and
Crimson clover are seeded together, the latter for a
Winter cover. Some of the sorghum is cut and cured
for horse feed, while the rest dies on the ground and is
plowed under with the clover. The Harrisons make
great use of sorghum in this way. It can be sown be
tween the cow pea rows, and Crimson clover goes well
with it. In some cases this sorghum had grown higher
than very large two-year-old apple trees. 'I he late Fall
season gives these crops ample time to mature. The
early part of the season may be spent in cultivating the
nursery stock or orchards. Later the cow peas and still
later the clover and sorghum may be sown, thus pro¬
viding an abundance of stock feed, humus for the soil
and fertility for the trees. The trees showed the effect
of this ingenious system. They were unusually large,
with clean strong foliage. The cost of growing such
trees would seem to me considerably less than in sec¬
tions where fertilizer or manure must be used to obtain
the results which here come from green crops. The
soil around Berlin is not all sand; there are strips or
sections of heavier soil, but even on these the cow
peas and Crimson clover seemed to grow well. With
us the cow pea has not been very successful on the
heavier soils. To show how favorable the climate of
this section is for fruit growing operations, it may be
said that the last sowing of Crimson clover was made
on September 20. With us August 15 is about the
limit of safety. Budding peach trees was still going
on October 1. It is difficult to explain to one who
has never seen this soil what a great advantage these
quick-growing cover crops give to a fruit grower or
farmer. As compared with most sections of the North
the Peninsula has nearly two months’ advantage in the
growth of cover crops, while the lighter soils can be
rapidly and thoroughly worked with the disk harrow.

I was much interested in several young peach orchards
which were started on poor, well-nigh worthless land.
By the skillful use of cow peas, Crimson clover and
fertilizer those trees had been driven to good size and
fine color. Of course the theory is old that peach trees
are most profitably handled on poor soil by one who
knows when and how to feed them. After some years
of experimenting with varieties and methods apple
growing has become profitable in a few sections in Del¬
aware. It seems to be demonstrated that successful
apple culture in the future means the growing of cer¬
tain varieties in certain localities. We are to find by
experiment which varieties do best in a certain locality

and then plant those kinds and give them the culture
which suits them. For example, no one would think
of planting the Baldwin apple largely in Delaware, yet
there are varieties which grow to perfection in that
State.

The ability to grow and utilize cover crops is the
strong point in Peninsula farming, but I was glad to
see that the child crop is not neglected. Fig. 344 shows
two of the Harrison boys at work leafing peach trees

BEGINNING EARLY AT NURSERY WORK. Fig. 344.

in preparation for budding. These boys are expected to
do their share of work. It is a good thing for a child
to grow up among young trees, and watch the bud
develop into the strong fruit bearer. It is better still
for the child to feel that he is expected “to pay for his
meat” and do his share in providing for the home.
Loafing injures far more boys than work! n. w. c.

DO WOOLLY PEACHES RESIST ROT?

It is believed by some growers and dealers that the wool
or fuzz on a peach in some way protects it from rot. Have
you found in your experience that the varieties noted for
this fuzz are less affected by rot than others?

I have never seen the slightest connection between the
amount of fuzz on peaches and their susceptibility to rot.
Neither have I seen any connection between fuzz and
any other quality of the peach. The only thing about
it is that a lot of wool waste on the outside of the peach
makes it mighty awkward eating. f. a. waugh.

Mass. Agl. College.

From my experience and observation I should say
that those peaches that have a woolly or fuzzy surface
do not resist the rot any better than those with a smooth
surface. 1 lowever, T have found this to be true gener-

NEW USE FOR THE ANGORA GOAT. FlG. 345.

See Page 807.

ally; such varieties are more hardy in the fruit bud,
and thus withstand the extreme cold better than the
others. s. d. willard.

New York.

I do not think there is any substantial foundation for
such a theory. My own observation leads me to think
that there are other causes for the difference in sus¬
ceptibility to this disease in peaches, just as there is a
great difference in varieties of strawberries in with¬
standing or suffering from the ravages of the Straw¬
berry leaf-spot or blight. The Greensboro, a compar¬
atively smooth-skinned peach, was very little affected by
the rot, even though standing in close proximity to a
Triumph tree, while the fruit on the latter, as usual, was
being destroyed by the brown rot. While no special
experiments have been conducted at this station to deter¬

mine the point referred to in the query, casual observa¬
tion warrants me in thinking that “fuzzy” peaches are
no more resistant to rot than the smoother sorts. Car¬
man, Waddell, Bishop and Miss Lola — all comparatively
smooth — suffered little from rot as compared with Cli¬
max, Triumph, etc. F. h. ballou.

Ohio Exp. Station.

The claim that fuzzy or woolly peaches are better able
to resist rot than the smoother ones is, 1 believe, not
well founded. Some years the one, and other years the
other suffers most. The Amsden rots badly every year
here. The Sneed is very seldom affected. The Cham¬
pion last year was entirely free from rot, while this
year we lost nearly all of them, and the Elberta is
nearly rot-proof. I do not now recall having seen a
single specimen this last season tiiat was affected,
although it was the worst season I have ever experi¬
enced. The very frequent showers kept the spray mix¬
tures thoroughly washed off at the most critical time, so
that we lost control of both insects and fungi. The
insects not only ate the fruit full of holes, but 1 sup¬
pose actually inoculated it with the rot. I believe that
it may be said of the woolly peaches and of some plums
that they retain the spray better than the smooth ones.
That is, the spray finds better lodgment, especially the
dust spray. There is an old belief that the curculio dis¬
likes the woolly peach. That may have something to
do with the results, as I believe that insect is responsible
for much of the spreading of the rot.

Indiana. j. w. trinkle.

I do not for a moment accept the idea that the fuzzy
or woolly-skinned peaches are better able to resist the
rot than the smoother varieties. The Triumph, Crosby
and Lemon Free all have a fuzzy skin, and all rotted
badly every year they fruited for me. The rot I think
is entirely due to atmospheric conditions and an exces¬
sive amount of moisture in the soil; particularly so if a
drought precede the wet weather. Almost all varieties
will rot more or less on heavy soil if at a certain time
of their ripening the soil is wet and the atmosphere is
full of moisture and humidity; in my opinion these
conditions are clearly the causes of the rot. The past
season has been one which caused peaches to rot badly
on all heavy soil; fruit on mountain land near me suf¬
fered greatly, while on my lighter red shale soil the
loss from rot was extremely light. This was very no¬
ticeable in a neighbor’s orchard where one end of the
rows which were on somewhat heavy land the fruit
rotted badly, the other end of the same rows (with same
variety of fruit) in much lighter soil were almost en¬
tirely free from rot. I feel quite sure the fuzzy skin of
the peach has nothing to do with its hardiness in bud ;
you will notice that varieties which ripen up their wood
and throw off their leaves moderately early, like many
of the very early varieties and Champion, Elberta, Fox’s
Seedling and others, are among the most hardy we have,
while the different varieties of the Crawford type hold
their leaves much later and are much more tender in
bud. Owing to the peculiar conditions of the season
just passed it surely has been an object lesson for the
fruit grower who kept his eyes open and feels inclined
to profit by experience. wm. h. skillman.

New Jersey.

The Peach rot is largely caused by the fungus
Monilia fructigena, which is much worse in some sea¬
sons than in others. When the conditions are right for
its development the fuzzy or woolly varieties will suffer
from the attack equally with those of a smooth skin.
We had the present season a large quantity of the Tri¬
umph, which by mistake were sent from the nursery
for Wheatland. Even after heavy thinning they rotted
badly on the trees before they were fit to pick, and after
picking they would rot before they ripened. Their color
was good and they sold as high as $2.50 per carrier.
Fitzgerald is another variety that has quite a fuzzy skin,
and although the weather was wet and not favorable at
the time of shipping, they were quite free from the fun¬
gous attack. The present season has been unusual in
many respects. In New England as peaches were
maturing there was excessive moisture, and many were
not only ruined by fungous disorders, but the entire
crop was so affected that it had no quality in flavor or
keeping. New York and Michigan peaches stood up
much better during transportation and sale. When the
Monilia fungus was active twigs and entire branches
were attacked, and in such instances all of the fruit
of whatever variety was ruined. Most of the peaches of
the North are of the Persian race or family. The fruit
is of high color, of the highest flavor, but tender in bud
and subject to fungus attack. The varieties are mainly
Alexander, Amsden. Crawford, Hale’s Early, Old-
mixon, Hynes, Mountain Rose, St. John, Tillotson and
Troth. These very choice kinds are giving way to an¬
other race or type in the North — China, the parentage
of which is the Chinese Cling. The varieties of this
race mostly planted are the Elberta, Carman. Smock and
Mamie Ross. These all have large leaves, strong, hardy
buds, and will withstand a northern climate and unfav¬
orable weather conditions better than the Persian class.
The rather lower grade of flavor of the Elberta type
of peaches, which are rapidly displacing other kinds in
our markets, is already having some effect upon con¬
sumers, some of whom have ceased to be liberal buyers,
because they do not meet the higher flavor of the old
time peaches, but it is rapidly becoming the Chinese
type in our markets or nothing, as the fine old varieties
are giving way from inroads of yellows and other dis¬
eases. GEORGE T. POWELL.

New York,

1305.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

8o7

AIR IN A WATER PIPE.

One of the most frequent causes of trouble with water
pipes is the air which is always contained cither in solu¬
tion in the water, or simply mixed with it. In either
way there may be trouble when the water is passing
through 'pipes. The water before it enters the pipes
always has more or less air in it, more in running
water, and the more disturbed the water is the more
air it will take up. Thus swiftly flowing water takes
up a very large quantity of air, and as the water moves
less slowly this water is released and escapes. One
may see this occurrence taking place at any time where
there is a fall of the water, or more conspicuously when
pouring water from one vessel to another. It' is this
fact which accounts for the foam which occurs in all
falling water, or other liquids, when one is poured
from one vessel to another. This occurrence gives
much trouble to persons who have water running
through pipes for the supply of a house, for if the pipes
.are not straight, but have bends in them vertically, the
air which liberates itself from the water when this
comes to rest, of course becomes entangled in the bends,
and being thus irremovable it stops the flow of water
and the current stops.

This behavior of the water, and the air in it, of
course, is due to the greater lightness of the air which
forces it above the water, and prevents it from escaping.
Thus pipes may be stopped as effectually as if they
were plugged with lead, by air gathering in the bends.
As it is almost impossible, under the most favorable
circumstances, to lay pipes on an accurate line, and
without bends, at least
as small as the diam¬
eter of the pipes, there
is very rarely any work
of this kind done with¬
out risk, or even cer¬
tainty, of bends occur¬
ring in them in a ver¬
tical direction, and thus
the very common oc¬
currence of stoppage
of water in th$ pipes,
especially in the warm¬
er part of the Sum¬
mer. In warm weather
the air expands, that is
it increases in bulk,
and takes up more
room or space. Thus
when warm air is col¬
lected in the pipe, it
increases in bulk, and
it also escapes most
freely from the water,
so that there is much
more danger of this
trouble with the flow
of water in the Sum¬
mer than in the Win¬
ter.

One most useful pre¬
caution is to make a
small hole in the top of
the bend of a pipe, if
water is constantly

flowing, and furnish an escape for this imprisoned air.
Another is to fit a small force pump to the upper end,
or inflow of the pipe and (occasionally or in case of
any trouble) so increase the flow of water as to force
the air which may be collecting in the pipe, past all
these bends, and so clear the pipe of all gathered air
completely. The fact is that due care is rarely ever
taken in doing this work, even by practical mechanics;
few of whom know anything about this matter. So
that the owner of any such pipe should see for him¬
self, that, in the first place, the pipe should be accurate¬
ly straightened of all vertical bends (horizontal bends
are harmless) and in places where the pipe must be
carried over hills, or vertical bends cannot be avoided,
these should be made carefully so as not to flatten the
pipe, as will surely happen unless proper care is taken
to avoid them.

Another suggestion may be made. This is to keep
a small force pump which may be screwed on to the
end of the upper part of the pipe, and in case of any
stoppage of the water this pump is fitted to the pipe at
the inlet, or head of it. and water is forced through ;
taking any stagnant air along with it; and thus remov¬
ing the difficulty in a few minutes. This is the best
and safest, simplest, and most effective remedy for this
difficulty. Or if it is too far to go to the head of the
pipe, a similar pump may be fitted to the lower end,
and the stream drawn through. Rut as one can force
water more easily than it can be drawn, the former way
is preferable.

There is quite a common belief that water running from
a large pipe will exercise as much greater force in the
small pipe as the size of the pipe exceeds, that of the

smaller one. Now the size of the pipe in this connec¬
tion has nothing to do with the flow of water through
a pipe smaller in size. Three inches of water in the
upper part of a pipe does not exert any more pressure
on the rest of the pipe than as much as the diameter of
the smaller pipe. The water in the larger pipe will
exert only as much pressure on the water below as the
size of the lower pipe ; that is, one inch. h. stewart.

AN IOWA YANKEE “LOOKS BACK.”

As you are giving place to the recapitulation of New
England possibilities for the benefit of your readers,
perhaps the retrospect of one born and reared on a
New England farm might be of interest. At the age
of 25 years I found myself in possession of the best
girl I could find, and the best education possible to
obtain under the environments in which destiny had
placed me. together with $65 in coin. I located in
George’s Valley, on one of the foothills overlooking
the waters of the beautiful Kennebec, Knox County,
Maine. I ran in debt for a 50-acre farm, a horse, a
pig and a cow ; rolled up my sleeves and went to work.
At the end of three years I sold out and found I had
added to my possessions $2,200 cash. For another
year I personated “the stone that kept rolling” and
“gathered no moss.” Thinking to better my fortune,
I took Horace Greeley’s advice and came West. Thirty-
seven years ago I located in Grundy County, Iowa,
where I have since resided. I now find myself in pos¬
session of a 400-acre farm, worth $125 per acre, six
children and nine grandchildren who have been raised

ed their farms, went fishing and met with “fishermen’s
luck.” Were I young again I would not hesitate to
look in the East for profitable investments rather than
pay the prices of western land. But now at my ad¬
vanced years, having learned that money is not all there
is to be desired, I expect to make the land of the
“Laughing Water,” which has been so good to me, the
sunset scene of my life, satisfied that all has been well.
I still love the old “Pine Tree State” for the young
manhood she gave to me, and for the young life she
has contributed to the development of the West. Once
while riding over some of the rock-ridged hills of
Maine in an old stage-coach, a young tenderfoot from
the West, looking out over the landscape, sneeringly
remarked: “I should like to know what they can raise
here.” A quaint old lady with a twinkle in her eye
made answer: “I can tell you, young man, they can
raise men.” All honor to New England and all honor
to New England’s yeomanry.

“Stay on your farms and you’ll suffer no loss

For the stone that keeps rolling will gather no moss.”

Iowa. s. E. D.

COW PEAS, SORGHUM AND CRIMSON CLOVER IN A NURSERY. Fig. 346.

up to call us (wife and I) blessed; all good produc¬
tions of western life, and all well supplied with happy
homes. What I want to say, however, is that a man
with a little mental acumen, good health and energy,
and not afraid of hard work, can make some line of
agriculture profitable either in the East or the West.

A few years ago 1 visited a man in Massachusetts
who had 13 acres of the poorest patch of scrub brush
and gravelly soil seemingly to be found, making more
money raising poultry than could be made on one of
Iowa’s fertile farms of 160 acres raising corn. In my
youthful days I saw men grow gray-headed and die
on New England farms, with scarcely enough saved
through life to give them decent burial, while others
grew rich, all in agricultural pursuits. The conclusion
was that the “man with the hoe” possessing sufficient
brains to grasp present conditions and future possibili¬
ties, could almost anywhere (and on many of the farms
then being abandoned in New England), make a success
in some line of agriculture, if disposed to adapt him¬
self to his immediate surroundings sufficiently to bring
the comforts and luxuries of life and make a happy
home. As an instance of what I myself once did with
one of those abandoned fields, I received for the ex¬
penditure of 15 days’ labor of myself and a boy, to
whom I was paying $12 per month, the sum of $150,
that being only one-half of the production. 1 he mis¬
take that many New England farmers made was in
adopting the “skinning policy,” trying to get some¬
thing for nothing, robbing the soil of its fertility and
putting nothing back. To many of them it did not look
as easy to use the “hoe” as riding on a sulky plow with
a shade over their heads, out 'West, and they abandon¬

ADVANTAGE OF HOT WATER HEAT.

I have been much interested in reading the articles in
The R. N.-Y. concerning the heating of farm and sub¬
urban dwellings. In this immediate neighborhood, dur¬
ing the last few years, many have installed hot water
heat in their dwellings, and I have as yet to hear of one
who regrets doing so. All arc unanimous in declaring
it to be the best heat for a dwelling. I am confident

that for the average
farmhouse hot water is
by far the best heat.
Steam and hot air are
sure to be driven by
the wind, especially so
with steam. When the
weather is mild, one
only needs a little heat,
and if the wind is
blowing the heat will
be forced by the wind
to the opposite part of
the house, and the en¬
tire house cannot be
warmed. The same
with hot air; many
days during the Win¬
ter certain rooms can¬
not be heated with hot
air; no matter how
strong the fire, the
wind will keep the heat
back. Many here have
taken out hot air and
put in hot water. We
had hot water put in
our house three years
ago, and are more than
pleased with it. It is
perfectly satisfactory,
and works so well that
I have frequently re
marked it almost runs
itself, in that it re-
The fire is only raked

M. coal put on and draft
in ll/2 hour after firing,

quires so little attention,
once a day ; about 5.30 A.
opened, and by seven, or
the temperature in the living and sitting rooms is about
70, when the mercury outside is at or about zero. We
put more coal on as needed, and when we get up in
the morning it is seldom below 60, and often 70, after
being left about nine hours during the night. We have
'eight rooms heated ; have eight radiators, and use about
eight tons of coal during the Winter, two tons of egg or
large stove mixed with six tons of pea coal. In putting
in a hot water plant be sure to put in a boiler large
enough to do the work easily without crowding or
forcing it, with sufficient feet of radiation space put
in properly, and you will not have any trouble in keep¬
ing warm, no matter how cold the weather is outside.
I had one size larger boiler and more feet of radiation
put in than were considered necessary; that is where
I have the advantage, and why my plant runs so
smoothly. Our house stands on high ground, without
any wind-break or protection of any kind, in the open
country. w. H. williams.

Pennsylvania.

GOATS’ MILK. — Two things just now are attracting
attention in dairy circles — the milch goat and a milking
machine. A pretty good combination of the two is
shown in Fig. 345, page 806. The Angora goat is
making life a dream for the young Collie dog on a
California mountain ranch. We have seen a number of
pictures in which pigs and other animals were caught
help themselves to a milk dinner in Nature’s way, but
this one is genuine at least. Some of the others we
know were “fakes/

8o8

THE RURAI NEW-YORKER

November 11

FARMERS' CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our-^advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. I’ut questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

WHAT AILS THE SWEETS?

Reader. Nebraska. — I have been raising
sweet potatoes for the past few years on
light clay soil, from seed of my own saving
and otherwise, but have been unable to over¬
come the trouble of having hills in t lie field
tlmt are strings or long slender potatoes of
no commercial value. What is the cause,
anu what is a good fertilizer for sweets?

1 will suggest that land is either too
rich or else plowed too deep. Light land
of moderate fertility fertilized with some
good fertilizer rich in potash, but not in
nitrogen, I think would end the trouble.
Rich land plowed deep will almost inva¬
riably make stringy potatoes.

Maryland. vv. f. allen.

Perhaps the difficulty with your sweet
potatoes has been the unsuitable soil
upon which you grew the crop. Sweet
potatoes do best on a sandy loam soil of
considerable fertility. A large part of the
crop nearly always will be “string” on
hard stiff soil, or soil of low fertility.
The soil much be “mellow.” Well rotted
barnyard manure is an excellent fertilizer.
A soil that has grown a good crop of cow
peas or clover the year previous often
produces fine “sweets.” If commercial
fertilizers are used apply a considerable
per cent of potash and phosphoric acid.
Use but little nitrogen. Fertilize about as
you would for a white potato crop, but
the main thing is to plant on a warm, rich
mellow soil. R. h. price.

Virginia. _

which are usually stored in cellars. But
J. W. S. will need another openings for
ventilation as nearly opposite the door
as may be. It should be arranged so
that it can be closed tightly and with con¬
venience. At some seasons of the year, it
w'ill be found of advantage to open every
night and close every morning. Plenty
of ventilation is good at all times except
when it is desired to exclude the heat of
a Summer day, or to retain warmth on
cold Winter nights. g. d.

Crape for Jelly-Making.

If. L. IF., rear! River , .V. Y. — Which is
the cultivated grape most resembling or akin
to the large wild grape, esteemed justly by
housewives for jelly-making beyond any
others? These wild grapes are disappearing
during recent years, here, from clearing of
the woods and roadsides.

Ans. — Concord is a seedling of the
wild “Fox” grape of the Northern States,
which is the species called Vitis Labrusca
and, doubtless, the one referred to by
the inquirer. The Concord, Niagara and
many other varieties are descendants of
this wild grape, and make jelly of good
quality. H. E. v. D.

Virtues of Alsike Clover.

F. 8. K.. Kutztown. l'a. — What is gained by
sowing Alsike instead of Medium clover? Is
it as easy to procure a “catch” of Alsike
as of Medium? What do you think of the
idea of mixing one quart of Alsike witli
five or six of Medium? A farmer tells* me
that Alsike is liable to die after it lias made
some little growth. Is this correct?

Ans. — My experience is that it makes
a palatable hay, and it is more apt to help
fill in in a dry time, as it is more likely
to make a catch than Red clover. It will
frequently live longer than Red clover,
and will be found in the year of cutting
hay, and also helps to improve the quality
of Timothy hay. d. c. lewis.

New Jersey.

Who Knows This Apple?

Hand Power Shredders.

II. A. C., Nortoalk, Conn. — What is
t lie reason manufacturers do not make a hand
power shredder for small farmers, at a rea¬
sonable price? I am sure there are thou¬
sands of farmers who could use one to good
advantage. Cutting stalks doesn't pay.

Ans. — Most manufacturers do make
hand power shredders. Write those who
advertise in The R. N.-Y. It is no child's
play to work one of these shredders, for
the work of tearing up the stalks requires
more power than cutting.

The Crothers Peach.

H. L. W., Pearl River, N. Y. — What peach
resembles the Salway in size and qualities,
but is earlier, has white flesh and is free¬
stone?

Ans. — The Crothers is a peach that
will fill the requirements mentioned. It
is of medium size, very handsome red and
white color and of excellent quality. There
are but few of the nurseries that have
trees of it for sale, but it is well worth
the trouble to secure them. I introduced
this peach many years ago, having found
it in Kansas. H. E. v. n.

Preventing Tree Rot.

A. II. P., Hulberton N. Y. — How can I
sterilize or kill ail germs that cause decay in
decayed holes in trees which I wish to fill
with Portland cement? What effect would
it have on th'e tree to put in kerosene and
burn out the decayed part where possible?

Ans. — I do not think the rot which fol¬
lows injuries or old age in trees is caused
by germs that can be killed by artificial
means. Sulphate of copper is the great
germ killer on vegetation. Kerosene ap¬
plied and then burned to stop the rot, as
is suggested, would probably have no
really good effect. H. E. v. d.

Milk Room in Cellar.

.1. IF. 8., Missouri. — I have a cellar, stone
walled; room over it, well plastered overhead.

I wish to cut off a milk-room. Would it lie
right to make it from floor to ceiling without
ventilation except the opening and closing of
the door? It will be concrete, with only
doors and shelves. I keep apples, potatoes,
etc., in cellar, and wish to keep milk and
butter separate. I have cows for family use
only.

Ans. — It is an excellent plan to have
a section of the cellar walled off for a
milk-room exclusively. Milk products
are very susceptible to all kinds of odors,
and easily become tainted by being kept
along with a miscellaneous lot of things

8. C. B., Detroit, Mich.-— Many years ago
there was a very sweet apple in New England
that went by the name Belle Bonne, the only
sweet apple I ever saw that would granulate
sugar on the outside while baking, and when
eaten with a bowl of rich milk would never
be forgotten. What name does it go by now,
or was it known by any other? Perhaps the
senior Mr. Hoyt of Connecticut might be
familiar with it. I have not seen it men¬
tioned in 50 years.

Ans. — The Belle Bonne apple I do not
know. It is described by Mr. Downing,
but he does not say whether it is a sweet
or acid apple. The Belle Bonne, Winter
Belle Bonne, Winter Belle and Bonne
Rolland are all the same. He also says
an old variety was first described by Park¬
inson in 1629, and which is probably iden¬
tical with the Belle et Bonne. The Belle
et Bonne he describes as a sub-acid apple.
As the apple described by S. C. B. is
sweet it cannot be the Belle Bonne. I do
not know that any nurseryman grows this
apple. If S. C. B. wants a good baking
sweet apple try the Jacob Sweet, which is
grown by nearly every large nurseryman
now. EDWIN HOYT,

R. N.-Y. — In addition to the sub-acid
Belle et Bonne grown in Connecticut, an¬
other, Belle Bonne, also called Billy Bond,
is grown in western New York, a medium,
roundish-conic striped apple, rather coarse,
and good for cooking. The Department
of Agriculture, in its “Nomenclature of
the Apple,” gives three different apples
under the synonym Belle et Bonne. Of
these, Sweet Belle is described as a yel¬
low russeted early Winter dessert apple;
Tenon Hills the same as Rolland; Golden
Ball a large, fine yellow apple with rich
aromatic flesh, grown chiefly in Maine.
It seems likely that the inquirer’s Belle
et Bonne is that called Sweet Belle.

DEAULIEU’S HARDY White Onion, Welsh Or -
ion, my specialities. 8 kinds cabbage seed, L. I.
grown; forcing radish and lettuce, French seeds.
You know very well that France produces the best
seeds imported; Dahlias, etc. BEAULIEU, Wood
haven] Long Island, N. Y.

THJE

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, I
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CLARK'S Dbl. ACTION
CVTAWAY Moves 18,000
A Tons of Earth in a Day.
in Send for Circulars.

f HIGUANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

- THE -

Angle Lamp

OUR PROPOSITION is to send you a light which,
burning common kerosene (or coal oil), is far
more economical than the ordinary old-fashioned Lamp, yet
so thoroughly satisfactory that such people as ex-President
Cleveland, the Rockefellers, Carne^ies, Peabodys, etc.,
who care but little about cost, use it in preference to all
other systems.

We will send you any lamp listed in our catalog* NN :>n
thirty days’ free trial, so that you may prove to your own
satisfaction that the new method of burning employed in
this lamp makes common kerosene the best, cheapest and
most satisfactory of all illuminants.

Convenient as Gas or Electricity

Safer and more reliable than gasoline or acetylene. Lighted
and extinguished like gas. May be turned high or low
without odor. No smoke, no danger. Filled while lighted
and without moving. Requires filling but once or twice a
week. It floods room with its beautiful, soft, mellow light
that has no equal. Write for our Catalog hr and our
proposition for a

30 DAYS* FREE TRIAL*

Do it now — right away. It will tell you more facts about
the How and Why of good light than you can learn in a
lifetime’s experience with poor methods.

The Angle Mfg. Co., 78-80 Murray St., New York.

POTATOES— Bliss, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler, Long¬
fellow, Ohio, 85 kinds. C. W. FORD, Fishers, N. Y.

UUHTLE THIS EDITION LASTS-A copy of “Wag-
TT ner's" Famous Book. "The Simple Life,” sent to
any address for only 10c. (silver), 12c, stamps. Order
now. Address, E. <t E. Selee, Dept. 4 , 120 Mariner St., Buffalo, N. Y

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry has again proven itself to be the
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list and circular upon application.

C. G. VELIE & SON,

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, Y.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Ea,-]y A PPT TTQ
have paid well this season. We -tYT 1 J-/J-/CI
iiave a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK. SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO— $5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Ivans. Box 7 3.

■■SCALECIDE"S!S.

If YOU will guarantee to cover the]

SAN JOSE SCALE,

WE will guarantee to kill it without injury to the
tree. Can we do any moie? Yes, lowest cost. Price

In hble., 50c. per gal.: 10 gal. cans, $6; 5 gal. cane, $3.25; 1 gal. cans,
$1, f o. b. N. Y. One gal. makes 21 gals, spray by simply adding
water. For particularly and circular, address

B G. PRATT CO., 11 Broadway, New York.

„ rHt
fGBAND
>RIZ

’h:L

TSWEJty
‘co*

„ _ MAKERS OF

WATERPROOF OIltD CLOTHING?

SLICKERS, POMMEL SUCKERS AM HATS.!

FOLLOWING OUR SUCCESSES
AT PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO
AND OTHER EXPOSITIONS

WE WON THE

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AT THE ST. LOUIS WORLD S PAlR.x

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a.j. tower CO.

ESTABLISHED im v

BOSTON CHICAGO]
•NEW YORK
| TOWER CANADIANS
* CO. LIMITED./
TORONTO, CAN.

^ THE „

'GRAND'

It Is Worth While

Buy a machine th at does the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oil age is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They ihrow finest
■pray, are easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form¬
ulas, etc. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE PI MP CO.,

No. 2 11th St. , Elmira, N . Y.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE EC UPS E. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

TREES

ROSES

HARDY

PLANTS

All the Best and Hardiest
varieties. Largest Collec-
tionsinAme ica. 144 page
illustrated catalog F REE.
ELL W A N G K R & BARRY
Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer F, Rochester, N. Y,

| nni r and other FRUIT TREES at wliolo-
I ► sale prices. Cat. free. Freight paid.

Uf l||T from 3,000 to 5,000 apple trees two years
TV Mil I old. Mostof them Johnson’s Fine Winter,
balance Ben Davis and Winesaps. Give lowest cash
price. J. H. RANKIN, Stuarts Draft, Va.

Soecial Sale of Fruit Trees.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra fine Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurseries,
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fruit, Shade and ornamental
trees. This is a rare cuance to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices.
Write them for prices, stating the amount
wanted.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Ilightstown JN, J.

shows in NATURAL COLOR3 and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

n

£m

ERcmms TREES

Are as good as the best. 60 years*in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCK.MJIMS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fiuit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, Ca-ifornia
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. end for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

and other FRUIT TR EES at whole¬
sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stoekley. Del.

TREES

<tc BCD IAA CDCIftUT DA in Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rCn luvf rnciun I rMIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and tuniigateil.
Allkindsof trees .and plants at low wholesale prices. Rememberwe bent all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, NY .

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

HOGEnS 03ST THE IIILiLi.

TBo Apple JJreeder, _ Uansvillo, jST. x .

THE ADVANCE MANURE SPREADER

EASY TO OPERATE „ ,

The construction i« so simple and durable that it never gives
auy trouble The driver completely controls the feed from his
sent withoutstopping the machine. Wrought steel wheels with
wide tires. Can be turned in its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and can be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY

The enormous saving in time and labor, its superiority over
others, make it an investment that pays for itself in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
be without it. Booklet free upon request, describing the
Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

8o9

STORING WINTER VEGETABLES.

Cabbage. — I select the best sound heads
with stalk. At a time when it is perfectly
dry pull and stand it on head for day or so
(to drain). Should there be any water stand¬
ing in around the head then haul them to a
good dry place for hilling them in taking care
not to bruise them any more than can be
helped. Place 3 heads, side by side and
then 2 on top of these making 5 heads
deep, and continue until all are placed.
Cover with wheat or rye straw to keep them
clean ; place some soil on them just enough
to keep the straw in place, and n* cold
weather advances cover with more soil to
the extent of six to eight inches: then place
some old litter, stalks or straw manure to
keep them from freezing.

Sweet Potatoes.— 1 always lift them with
a spade or spade fork, so as to prevent miss¬
ing. When the weather is favorable I leave
them exposed to the sun and air for a day in
the field to dry. Then I haul them to where 1
intend to store for Winter. I sort two
grades, one marketable size, the other size
for seed. I pack In bins in dry planer shav¬
ings, but they should be thoroughly dry
before they are thus packed and should be
kept at a temperature of 40 to 50 degrees.

Beets, Turnips, Carrots and Ruta¬
bagas are pulled at a time of maturity and
on a day when they can be handled dry,
without bruising. Cut tops off and haul to
a root cellar. I mix some dry soil with my
turnips in the heap. I think they keep
better and more brittle. 'Hie soil keeps them
fresh and it imparts a flavor that is not
got any other way.

Celery, — I lift it when freezing weather
approaches, and place it in trenches 12 to
18 inches deep ; place it as close together as
possible to use all available space, leave ns
much soil on the roots as possible, handle
carefully, and when it is dry, 1 have stored
celery in a root cellar in boxes with good
results. When trenches are used, some
means should be provided to lead some water
around the roots (a drain tile or some iron
pipe may be used) ; one watering will be
plenty. if this rule is carefully followed
you will have good results till late Spring.

Indiana. h. b. brubeck.

PRODUCTS , PRICES , AND TRADE.

The highest price ever paid for a seat In
the New York Cotton Exchange, $19,750,
was given last week, quite a sum for the
mere privilege of buying and selling cotton.

Aprr.ES are meeting a brisk trade at im¬
proved prices for the better grades. McIn¬
tosh and King have sold as high as $5 ; Spy,
$4.25; Greening, $4, and Baldwin, $3.50,
but these figures refer to choice apples, of
fair size, free from worms or scab and of
good color. Common fruit brings $2.50 and
under.

Thanksgiving comes the last day of
November, and large quantities of poultry will
be wanted for this trade. If you have not
already informed your dealer, write him at
once what you will be able to ship. lie will
then know what to expect and can figure on
a better outlet than when shipments come
without previous advice or on very short
notice. Be sure that the poultry gets here
in time. This means not later than Monday
of Thanksgiving week. Much can be disposed
of to advantage the latter part of the pre¬
ceding week. Delayed shipments, arriving
as late as Wednesday, are likely to strike a
poor market unless poultry is very scarce
so that retailers have no chance to stock up
earlier. I have often noticed Wednesday
arrivals that had to be discounted several
cents or carried over until the next week.
All poultry for New York trade should be
killed by sticking in the mouth, and left un¬
drawn. If possible, get some experienced
person to do the killing and note carefully
how he does' it. It is a knack to get out all
the blood and paralyze the fowl with an
incision in the brain so that the feathers
will loosen. If it is done just right, dry
picking is not difficult and is preferable to
scalding,' giving a neater appearance. This
matter of neatness in dressing and packing
is very important. It means money made
or lost to the shipper. Sort the turkeys,
put the hens and toms in separate packages-
Fatten the culls for later trade. Be sure
that all animal heat is out of the birds
before packing. Pack snugly in clean barrels
or boxes, arranging them so that the top
layer will look attractive instead of being a
conglomeration of heads and feet. All kinds
of poultry have been quite plentiful this week
and there Is no present indication of 30-cent
turkeys.

Scattered Stocks. — As is quite well
known, the stocks of many industrial cor¬
porations are held by a large number of
people. As one talks casually about Invest¬
ments with persons in widely separated sec"
tions, he is surprised to note how many have
a few shares of steel, copper, railroad or
express stocks, etc. Some of these holdings
were specially sought by buyers, but a much
larger percentage are the result of active
mall order business of hundreds of brokers.
Part of these stocks pay excellent dividends
and are apparently increasing in value. Why
have the promoters of such profitable indus¬
tries permitted Tom. Dick and Harry, here

and there, to secure and H*»ld even a minor
proportion of this corporate paper? Most of
these people might have been bought out
long ago and the dividends now be dropping
into the pockets of the few controlling spirits
of the business. In many cases the reason
for this broadcast sowing of stocks was some¬
thing other than lack of ready money to
float the business. A deep and well-con¬
sidered purpose Is behind it. These industries
are dependent for a share of their prosperity
on law and Government policy, which are
increasingly becoming a reflection of public
sentiment. The people as a whole are more
interested in public questions and show a
disposition actually to take a hand in law
making, to the embarrassment of the cut-and-
dried politicians. The man owning a few
shares of railroad or express stock may
honestly think it would be a decided viola¬
tion of personal rights to interfere with rate
making or establish a parcels post even
though he himself is being robbed by the
express companies and railroads; and the
concern which is hatching out millions be¬
neath the wing of a protective tariff so
excessive as to shut out all competition,
naturally has the sympathy of the holders of
its paper, even though they are paying double
for their dividends in the ineeased cost or
poor quality of the nails, wire, leather, etc.,
that they use. This coldness toward needed
reforms on the part of those who might rea¬
sonably be expected lo be interested dis¬
courages some people. What a mistake. A
rooster never crows the same day he is
hatched, lie must grow into his crow, and
the growing is of much more importance
than the crowing. The most beneficial and
permanent liberties have been works of
growth rather than snap shots. Fair rail¬
road rates, parcels post, etc., will have to be
worked out in the same keep-at-it way.
There will be much discussion of railroad
matters this Winter and every farmer and
shipper of produce should keep close watch
of all that is said and done. H.

Our 600 page general catalog will be
sent free on request. Freight and
express rates are lower from New
York than elsewhere.

Oil Heater,

‘$3.50

Rightly named Per¬
fection, as it is smoke
less. So made that
wick cannot be raised
enough to smoke.
Beautifully embossed
founts holding 4
quarts of oil. Burn
6 to 0 hours. Have
registering oil indi¬
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guishing. Absolutely
without odors. An
o r n a m e n t to any
room. Strong and
substantially made of
stamped steel finish¬
ed in nickel or black.
Has aluminum win
1 dow frame and num
ber plate. Just the
thing for a bed room

Ifi Chatham Sq.

White, Van Glahn & Co,,1 w™.

Get our catalog.

Eat. 1816.

OIDESTMM ORDER
HOUSE / W. AMERICA

Harvesting Sunflowers. — There has been
some discussion about sunflower culture. The
Indianapolis News tells how John McDon¬

ald harvests them. The harvest is interest¬
ing. A wagon with a half dozen men and
boys armed with, clubs is driven out to the
patch. One man goes ahead with a corn
knife and he tops the sunflower stalk, taking
the flower off with about eight to 10 inches
of stem. This is thrown up to one of the
who rights it up with the
He whacks it across the
times with his club and
into the wagon bed. This

crop is “thrashed.” The

seeds are somewhat sticky, and the “thrash¬

ing" Is unclean, though it has Its social side.

men In the wagon,
seeds facing him.
face two or three
the seeds drop out
Is kept until the

THE

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.
Columbus, Ohio.

Send for Catalogue
No. 62.

WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES

Lightest in weight. Fewest
working parts. Simplest in
construction. Anyone can
set it up and learn to run it
in If) minutes. About one-
half price of other engines
of equal power. You can
try it tree. Write to-day.
R. M. CORNWELL CO..

444 So. Salina Street.
Syracuse, New York,

Power For The
Thresher.

The right kind of power, the kind
that saves you dollars. Are you inter¬
ested? Then why not take up the whole
matter with Fairbanks Farm Power
Men? You know there are two kinds of
power used in threshing. The shiftles's
thresher uses the old , wasteful power,
hard to start, dangerous, always giving
trouble. The wide-awake, up-to-date
thresher uses a money making, money
saving, easy-to-start power that only
stops when you want it to and that
pleases his customers and wins out.

You can find out how to be one of
the money making, customer pleasing
kind by writing to our Power Men and
letting them make a special study of
your particular needs. And it doesn't
cost you a cent to consult with these
men. They are working for the farm¬
ers of America. They know about
power, speed, pulleys, belting and other
things that make a power useful or
wasteful. Why not put your problem
up to us? Our book about Farm Power
free. Address

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales, trucks , valves and fittings , gas and
gasoline engines, farm machines , machine
tools, factory povjer transmission,
factory supplies .

Albany, New Orleans, Baltimore,

Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg,

Buffalo, Syracuse, Hartford,

London, England.

s=H. , ?«. .

* ' . . •

mm '~m~- - - , .

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

CUTTERS

HI ER 8.

AND SHREDDER8
FOR ENSILAGE A DRY
FODDER. Also Latest
Improvements in«-Car-
HARDER MFG. CO.. Box 11 Coblsskill, N. Y.

Let Me Send You

MeCLURE’S

MAGAZINE

ALL WINTER
as a FREE TEST

IT’S this way;

. I want you to know McClure’s Magazine.

I want you to read it for three months— 1 want your
family to read it.

You needn’t agree to take it regularly —

You need not pay a penny in advance, or any deposit.

I simply want you to test the merits of the magazine— and
then decide whether or not you can get along without it.

]V/| Y OFFFR — &et t^ie maKazine this way is

lYl 1 vyi 1 Liiv very simple. Just sign and mail
to me the coupon printed below. I will immediately start
sending you the magazine. Read it — have your family
enjoy it — and if, at the end of three months, you like
McClure’s Magazine, send me only one dollar , the
regular yearly' subscription price, and get the magazine
for the full year.

You pay nothing unless the magazine pleases you — and
you are to be the judge of that.

If, at the end of three months, you desire to have the
magazine stopped, say so— and that is all there is to it.
You will be under no obligation of any kind.

I don’t like to call McClure’s a magazine at all. It is
a big 300-page book — of an entirely different kind from the
mail order magazines, newspapers and farm publications.

It contains wonderfully interesting stories by the world’s
leading writers, and these are illustrated with pictures—
many of them in colors— by famous artists.

Every month McClure’s Magazine brings you reliable
news of big events both at home and abroad— all in story
form. It is the biggest reading bargain ever offered.

McClure’s Magazine is a liberal education in itself for
boys and girls, because it gives them, in perfect English,
the best history, and the biography of famous men— the
latest discoveries in science. For older readers there are
special articles dealing in a simple, direct way, with such
live topics as Life Insurance Management, Regulation of
Railroad Rates, Rebates, etc. These questions touch your
daily interests. You can’t afford not to read them.

TAKE IT

Bring McClure’s Magazine into your home and create
a taste in the minds of your boys and girls for the best in
literature, art and good citizenship.

Here are a few of the writers who have contributed to
McClure’s Magazine in the past:

Ex-President Cleveland, Gladstone, Mark Twain, Rudyard Kip¬
ling, General Miles, Walt Whitman, Bret Harte, Robt. Louis Stevenson.

Among those who will write this next year are:

William Allen White, Lincoln Steffens, Jack London,
Myra Kelly, Booth Tarkington and others equally famous
and entertaining. 2

The Rural New-Yorker Says:

“ We have the very highest regard for McClure’s
Magazine, believing it to be among the very best, if not
Indeed, the best of the dollar class. It has always been a
surprise to us that we did not more frequently see the
magazine in country homes; because the subjects
treated have been of vital interest to farming communi¬
ties.”

Three months’ free trial— no charge if you do not like
it— fair, isn’t it?

Try McClure’s — Send in the Coupon.

S. S. McClure, Editor,

McClure’s Magazine - - New York City

EDITOR McCLURE’S MAGAZINE, COUPON

New York, N. Y. wn.

I accept your offer to test your magazine. Enter my subscrip¬
tion for one full year, After receiving three months’ sample
copies I will do one of two things — either send you 51.00 for
the full year’s subscription, or write you to stop the magazine,
when you are to cancel this subscription and the sample copies
are to be free to me as a lest.

Name

P. O. Address

State

8io

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 11,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Hoodoo Melon. — “Hoodoo” is not
tile name we should have chosen for the
melon shown in Fig. 343, first page, when
its exquisite quality is considered, yet the
originator, Paul Rose, South Frankfort,
Mich., has so christened it. The cut is of
a fruit picked so late in the season that
the flesh is not of average thickness, yet
its crystalline texture, always an index of
high quality, is plainly shown. The mel¬
ons are round, heavily netted and just the
right size to pack well in baskets or crates.
'I he vines are vigorous, healthy and ex¬
ceedingly productive, the melons from be¬
ginning to end of season being as like as
peas from the same pod. ,We have
grown Hoodoo four seasons, both in the
field and under glass. Far from bring¬
ing bad luck, it has given us our best
melons every year, holding off blight from
a week to 10 days longer than Petosky,
Emerald Gem or Rocky Ford strain of
Netted Gem. Mr. Rose tells us he has
been many years selecting Hoodoo in the
endeavor to bring it to ideal shipping
form and size, and at the same time to
retain the delicious quality, vigor and
productiveness of Petoskey and its an¬
cestor, Miller’s Cream. It would seem he
has achieved complete success, and we
feel certain this new variety, when dis¬
seminated, will not “hoodoo” its growers.
Mr. Rose grows melons in various North¬
ern and Southern States, and reports
good success in controlling Melon blight
by thorough applications of Bordeaux
Mixture, beginning as the vines com¬
mence to run. It is too much trouble to
spray inferior kinds, but no effort appears
too great for varieties of such excellence.

Three Autumn-blooming Honeysuc¬
kles. — Honeysuckle is a name applied to
widely different plants bearing tubular
flowers, but is more commonly used to
designate climbing shrubs of the genus
Lonicera, the most familiar in this coun¬
try being the wild scarlet trumpet honey¬
suckle or woodbine, L. sempervirens, com¬
mon in rocky forests from Connecticut
to Florida and westward to Nebraska.

1 here are many dwarf shrubby species
of Lonicera, some having fragrant blooms
and others bearing highly ornamental
fruits, natives of various temperate coun¬
tries from California to Manchuria. The
climbing honeysuckles are among the best
hardy plants for pillars, trellises, walls
and for covering rocky slopes and un¬
sightly objects, but often need artificial
support, as they are twiners and cannot
attach themselves to smooth, flat surfaces.

I he foliage is profuse and ornamental,
while the flowers are elegant in form and
charming in color. They are among the
most hardy of all climbers; the only de¬
fect being liability to attacks of aphids,
which may be easily controlled by dusting
with powdered tobacco stems, sold by all
seedsmen. Most kinds bloom only in
Spring or early Summer, but the three
varieties to be described produce flowers
through the whole growing season, and
are particularly showy during cool weath¬
er of Autumn, though profuse in bloom
during the earlier seasons.

The Chinese Honeysuckle. — While
termed by botanists Lonicera Japonica,
this most ornamental species is native to
China and the Asiatic mainland rather
than to the islands of Japan. It has long
been naturalized in America, and is slowly
spreading over waste lands' particularly
rocky ledges by the roadside. The little
black fruits are sparingly produced, and
do not greatly tempt birds, so that dis¬
semination by means of seed is not rapid,
yet the plants are continually appearing
in new localities. It roots freely by nat¬
ural layers, and the young plants are
quite tenacious of life, so they may be
carried some distance by farm tools and
yet grow if covered by moist earth. As

a pillar or trellis plant it is one of the
most desirable, as the foliage and young
growth are hairy, and therefore little
troubled by insects. The very fragrant
flowers are borne in loose sprays. They
are at first white, changing in a day or
two to yellow, and produced very freely
from July until November. The foliage
is almost evergreen in our latitude, and
makes a very good Winter screen for
poultry yards if the plants are trained up
wire netting and closely clipped twice
during Summer. Frequent clipping great¬
ly thickens the main stems and promotes
a short twiggy growth that makes an ad¬
mirable windbreak.

Heckrott’s Everblooming Honeysuc¬
kle. — This is a beautiful but compara¬
tively little known variety, supposed to
be a hybrid of the Etruscan honeysuckle
or Mediterranean woodbine, L. Etrusca,
first noticed growing in an Austrian nurs¬
ery as a chance seedling. It has been
catalogued for the last 15 years in this
country under the name of L. Heckrotti,
but is not widely disseminated. The
growth is father stubby, with little tend¬
ency to climb unless planted in rich soil
and given early support. The large
flowers are deep rose color without, often
brightening to carmine red, shaded yel¬
low and buff within; very fragrant and
continuously produced during the whole
growing season. It is readily grown in
compact, bushy form, and makes a desira¬
ble lawn or specimen plant. The Conard
& Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., grow
great quantities of this handsome honey¬
suckle, and offer plants for 15 to 20 cents
each. It is hardy almost everywhere and
should be extensively planted.

Henderson’s Everblooming Honey¬
suckle.— One of the few cross-bred vari¬
eties with recorded parentage, Lonicera
Hendersoni, was raised on the Rural
Grounds from seeds of the Yellow Trum¬
pet pollinated with the Fuchsia-flowered
honeysuckle. These varieties are said to
be botanical forms of the common scarlet
trumpet honeysuckle, L. sempervirens and
not true species. 1 lie result, however, is
a most distinct garden climber, completely
sterile as regards seed production, but
more persistently floriferous than any
other we know. The plants climb high,
often reaching 20 feet the third year after
planting. The foliage is glossy and per¬
sistent, retaining its green color far into
Winter. The flowers are more numerous,
and the clusters larger than ordinary
trumpet-flowering kinds. They hold on
longer and are very useful for cutting.
The clusters are very long and are borne
on long stems, making them very con¬
spicuous. ^ he blooms open yellow, but
change the second day to orange-red, and
are borne on every young twig through
the entire growing season, making a
continuously brilliant show. This variety
was named by Peter Henderson & Co”.
New York, and plants are offered by this
firm for 30 and GO cents each, according
to size. Henderson’s honeysuckle makes
a fine companion for the Chinese species
on account of its great profusion of bright
flowers, which, however, are not fragrant.

It seems to be hardy wherever planted.

w. v. F.

WINCHESTER

RIFLE and pistol cartri dges

Winchester Rifle and Pistol Cartridges of
all calibers are loaded by machinery which
sizes the shells, supplies the exact quantity
of powder, and seats the bullets properly.
By using first-class materials and this
up-to-date system of loading, the reputation
of Winchester Cartridges for accuracy,
reliability and excellence is maintained.
They cost no more than inferior makes.
Ask for them, and insist upon getting them.

THEY SHOOT WHERE YOU HOLD

ICE

Made
In Three
Blxea.

CUTTING

PORSCH All Steel, Double-
How ICE PLOWS. Marks tud
uuu two rows at a time ; cuts any size cako
and any depth, and does it with case and economy.

Docs the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays Tor itself t0
Wo days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for cataloKue and introductory prices,
slolm Oorsoh&Sona. 226 W eila vvaukee* Wlj,

YOUR IDEAS

$100,000 offered for one In¬
dention; $8,500 for another.
Book “How to Obtain a Patent” and
“What to Invent" sent free. Send
routrh sketch for free report as to
patentability. We advertise your
patent for sale at our expense.
Chandlee & Chandler, Patent Attorneys,
979 F. Street, Washington, D. C.

r This Shows the
HARVEY XXX
Bolster Spring

Save Money— Save Yourself

Some men buy a comfortable rocker to sit in while not at work.
Others buy Harvey Bolster Springs to ride on while they work.
If it is advisable to buy a rocker, which is used perhaps an hour a
day, how much more sensible it is to buy a Bolster Spring which is
used eight to twelve hours a day. Besides Bolster Springs save wa¬
gon, harness, horses, load and driver.

Harvey XXX Bolster Springs

are made throughout in our factory — not bought in

fiieces at manufacturer’s prices and then assembled,
n this way we greatly reduce cost and improve
the product. You can try them without cost. If
your dealer does not carry them, send your name
to-day on a postal for our catalogue, stating size of load you carry and
length of your wagon bolster, and learn about our surprise offer.

HARVEY SPRING CO.

103-N Murray Ave.
Racine Junction, Wis>

2 Gallons Paint FREE

AQ A fillADAIITFF that our paint- ,hou«h about one-half

HO H UUHnMH I CC THE PRICE charged by others, is the high¬
est (trade paint made, and will cover double the surface, and wear twice
aa long as an.v other paint made in the world, WE MAKE THIS WON¬
DERFUL FREE OFFER.

flIIR FRFF HFFFR cut this ad. out and send to us, or. on a

VWII I ULL Urrt.lli postal card or In a letter say : “Send me
your new paint oiler,” and we will send you by return mail, postpaid, free
with our compliments, our new, big. color sample book, showing the exact
colors of every shade of ready mixed house paint, graphite creosote, floor,
roof, mineral, enamel and buggy paint; also everything In paint and paint¬
ers' supplies, including oils, leads, Tarnishes, dry colors, stains, brushes,
sundries, ete. Wo will send you our big book of Information on “How to
Paint,” everything made so plain and simple that anyone without previous
experience can do any kind of general painting. We will explain to you fully
why we. as manufacturers, can furnish you a much higher grade of ready mixed house and barn paint than you
can buy elsewhere, we will tell you why out; paint will cover double the surface, last twice as long as any other
paint made, and why we can sell It at about dne-half the lowest price you can buy elsewhere; we will tell you why
we can furnish you for just a few dollars (*3.00 to 85.00) enough of the best paint in the world tocover a me¬
dium size house (two coats), wo will tell you everything about ready mixed paint, and we will send you
our “TWO GALLONS FREE PAINT OFFER, " an offer by which anyone can test two full gallons Of our
paint, use It on tlielr own buildings FREE OF ANY COST TO THEM.

UfDITC ||C AT nilPC and *et a|> our color books. Instruction books, books on painting, our new
WinilE UO HI UlluC proposition, our “TWO GALLONS FREE OFFER," everything that will go
to you by return mall, postpaid, free with our compliments. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO.. Chicago, Illinois.

1 Am the Paint Man

I

AM the
paint man.
I have a
new way of
manufacturing
and selling
paints. It’s
unique— it’s
better.

Before my
est. Louis, 51 o. plan was In¬

vented paint was sold in two ways—
either ready-mixed or the ingredients
were bought and mixed by the painter.

Ready-mixed paint settles on the
shelves, forming a sediment at the bot¬
tom of the can.

The mineral in ready-mixed paint,
when standing in oil, eats the life out of
the oil. The oil is the very life of all
paints.

Paint made by the painter cannot be
properly made on account of lack of the
heavy mixing machine.

My paint is unlike any other paint in
the world.

2 Full Gallons Free to Try— 6 Months Time to Pay

It is ready to use,
mixed.

but not ready-

My paint is made to order after each
order is received, packed in hermetically
sealed cans with the very day it is made

giamped on each can by my factory in¬
spector.

I ship my pigment— which is white
lead, zinc, drier and coloring matter
freshly ground, after order is received—
in separate cans, and in another can I
ship my Oilo, which is pure old process
linseed oil, the kind that you used to buy
years ago before the paint manufactur¬
ers. to cheapen the cost of paint, worked
in adulterations.

I sell my paint direct from my factory
to user at my very low factory price; you
pay no dealer or middleman profits.

I pay the freight on six gallons or
over.

My paint is so good that I make this
wonderfully fair test offer:

When you receive your shipment of
paint, you can use two full gallons— that
will cover 600 square feet of wall— two
coats.

If, after you have used that much of
my paint, you are not perfectly satisfied
with it in every detail, you can return the
remainder of your order and the two gal¬
lons will not cost you one penny.

No other paint manufacturer ever
made such a liberal offer.

It is because I manufacture the finest
paint, put up in the best way, that I can
make this offer.

I go even further.

I sell all of my paint on six months’

time, if desired.

This gives you an opportunity to
paint your buildings when they need it,
and pay for the paint at your convenience.

Back of my paint stands my Eight
Year, officially signed, iron-clad^
Guarantee.

This is the longest and most lib-
eral guarantee ever put on a paint.

For further particulars regarding
my plan of selling, and complete col¬
or card of all colors, send a postal to
O. L. Chase, St. Louis, Mo.

I will send my paint book— the
most complete book of its kind ever
published— absolutely free. Also my
instruction book entitled “This Little
Book Tells How To Paint” and copy
of my 8 year guarantee.

The Paint
Man

NOTE.— My 6 Vear Guarantee backed by $50,000 Bond.

415 Sixth Street

St. Louis, Mo.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

To Stop Sticking. — On page 763 a woman
asked liow to prevent a wooden ladle from
sticking to butter. A number of comments
have been made, including this from an Ohio
man :

“Tell your inquirer to take hot water,
dissolve sal soda in it and with a stiff brush
scrub and wash thoroughly bowl and ladle
(in fact any wooden implement with which
butter is worked) ; then plunge in boiling
water, take it out and plunge into ice cold
water, and an Ohio man will guarantee that
butter will not stick. Remember, wash good
first with strong solution of sal soda water.

I have been through all that making the
butter, as my wife has enough to do without
making butter, but don't you dare and pub¬
lish my name.”

Of course I must respect this man s wish
to keep his name out of print, but why isn t
he proud of the fact that he helps his wife
do the housework? If you will answer that
question I will tell you one reason why society
seems to he falling apart in some places. You
stand a man up hy the barn with his tools
or hens or cows or hogs around him, and he
will straighten up and make an effort to look
pretty for a photograph. 1’ut an apron on
him, roll up his sleeves with a dish in one
hand and towel in another, and put him
beside a tired wife who sits in the rocking
chair, and he will try to smash the camera.
Why? It requires more self denial and
patience to help out the tired wife, and these
are the nobler qualities of life.

Practical Education. — This leads to an¬
other matter. I have visited at several places
where Mother, often a tired woman, not
strong at best, did the work while healthy
boys and girls sat around and did nothing.

At one place the mother cleared off the S*'PP^’
table washed dishes and started some biead
while two great girls sat about— one reading
a hook of poetry and the other doing some
little lace work ! Now that woman, attei
her day’s work, should have sat quietly down
after supper and told those girls and theii
brothers to clear off the table and do the
night work. From the time they were laige
enough to handle a plate these children
should have been made to understand that
this housekeeping is their job. I wouldn t
have a child in my house who did not under¬
stand that home is a little community in
which each one must perform some little
duty. Our little girls can to-day get up a
better meal than many women can— and the
boys could come near it. No greater wiong
can be done to a child than to give it to
understand that it need not work Some
people offer as an excuse the statement Jhat
their children are not “mentally lazy, or
that thev have “fine sensibilities, which
should not be blunted by ordinary labor. No
greater nonsense was ever spoken on the
labor question.

“You call people lazy just because they
will not do dirty and sweaty work?

Yes if rather than do such work people
shirk and are willing to live upon others.

I do not know of any better way of acquiring
strong character than for a person to force
himself to do manual labor and glorify it
bv learning to do it as an expert . It seems
to me there are few more pitiable objects
in the world than men and women who can¬
not do things with their hands. Imagine a
lawyer, a doctor, a clergyman who has been
brought up to despise and dodge manual
labor! No wonder society goes wrong with
such unsweating leaders of those who must
sweat ! As I think over the people I know
I cannot recall one who was hurt by being
forced to work when a child. I can easily
think of a dozen who have been ruined by the
loaf which represents the bread of death
for energy and true ambition.

Tree Surgery. — But the Hope Farm man
doesn't like to scold, and really, when some
fond mother has made up her mind that
Billy and Mary shall have an easy time you
might just as well pay closer attention to the
beam that is in your own eye, for the mote
in her eye will have to work itself out. Here
is a question from New York State in a
different line :

“I find several large apple trees that have
some time in the past been barked by plow or
whiflletree. In some cases the wood has
started to decay. How can I permanently
stop this decay? On many the bark has
seemed to come to a standstill. After the
wood is treated as you will prescribe, would
it be advisable to chisel the bark where it
comes next to the wood, and thereby start a
new growth of bark?”

I have had little personal experience with
such trees but I am told that the chisel and
cement will attend to them. With a small
sharp chisel cut all the decayed wood out.
Then make a thin concrete of sand and
cement and fill the cavity — taking care to
leave no air Inside. The cement is something
•f an antiseptic — that is, stops decay. I
would try this rather than wash the trees
with paint or liquid. Get out the old sore
first. If we could treat the lazy boys and
girls I have mentioned in this way we might
have better grown-up citizens, but laziness
'is not cured in that way, because it is not in
one part of the body, but all over.

Did I ever know a true case of laziness
chiseled out of a man?

No ! I have know such men to he forced
to work at the sting of necessity, but they
always hunt for a soft job, and never see
the real glory of labor.

Smut on Corn. — A Connecticut man speaks
for several others in asking this question:

“I have been much troubled with smut on
my corn this season. By treating the seed
the same as for oats will it prevent it an¬
other year, or should I change the seed?”

Tt will do you little if any good to soak
the seed corn as you do the oats. The germs
from which the smut develops are in the
husk or grain of the oat. and go into the
ground with it. Thus, when we soak the
oats in formalin we can kill most of the
therms. We seldom or never, except from
carelessness, use seed from smutty ears of
corn, because thev are easily seen and thrown
aside, so that the chances of planting smutted
corn are not numerous. The disease usually
comes to corn from the outside — the germs

float in the air and settle upon the young
ears where they develop. All smutty ears
and stalks should be burned or the germs
will live over. Raise corn next year as far
away from this year's field as possible. It
there was much smut we would, to be doubly
sure, use new seed. To come hack to the
subject of lazy boys — our own children are
much like the corn. If we have sense
enough to know our own failings we ought
to start the child pretty free of germs except
what we let float into him through our own
folly and example. On the other hand, when
we take other children from institutions or
other families they are apt to be more like
the oats — with germs that we cannot see
in their husk. I have known people who
were readv to fight on hearing that one ot
these institution children was punished with
a slipper. Yet they would use formalin on
unknown seed oats to kill the germs of rust.
Such people never raised a waif ot un¬
known parentage. Of course their own are
beautiful children who are models of behav¬
ior, and thev think others are just like
them. Will this slipper treatment cure lazi¬
ness germs? No. I know a good lady who
was advised to use the slipper on her way¬
ward little boy. Her heart failed her and she
used the soft side of the felt sole instead.
She didn’t make herself felt 1

Too Much Humus. — I am always glad to
have some one who knows criticise our mulch
method of growing fruit. I know of few men
better qualified to do this than Benj. Buck-
man of central Illinois. This is what he
says :

“No doubt the mulch you write of, page
763, is all right in most places, and especial¬
ly on the rocky, thin hills found in many
places, but here — well, I wish I cou rt burn
all of my orchard ground over to kill tlie
spores of scab and other fungus diseases, and
thin out curculio and other insects that make
fruit raising a burden here. When the In¬
dians had control and the face of the earth
was swept by fire each Autumn, and for many
years later, orchard fungus and insect trou¬
bles were rare. How is it now. ''hat
is the cause? Let me guess. In this
mulch never disturbed, insects find a
congenial dwelling, all readymade, safe
and warm, in which to pass the Winter, and
why should they ever leave it as long as the
orchard exists to supply food? So also the
fungi live: the spores all ready at the proper
time in the Spring to take their upward flight
to their living host. Added to these diffi¬
culties, that of depredations by mice and rab¬
bits, and I feel like doubting the wisdom of
the steady, accumulating mulch plan on our
black prairie soils that already contain per¬
haps too much nitrogen for best results.
— unless we alternate every few years with
the all purifying fire treatment. The bodies
of large trees will endure some fire without
injury, but in shrubbery and small plants (ex¬
cept strawberries), of course fire is out of the
question.”

This is only extra evidence that we can¬
not safely lay down any rule or practice
for all sections. On our rocky hills, where
in some places there are barely two feet
of soil over the solid rock, we cannot well
get too much humus in the soil. I am
thoroughly satisfied that a thick mulch on
top of this soil gives us as good results as
surface cultivation— at 25 per cent of the
cost. I am aware that this is a laipje
statement, but I think it can be demon¬
strated. It Is evident that just the re¬
verse of this is true with Mr. Bucktnan. I
sometimes wish I lived in a section where
the soil is too rich, yet we have some com¬
pensations on our hills, and after all there
is no place like home.

AMATITE is the tightest ready roof¬
ing known. Test it yourself. Write to¬
day for sample. Soak it in water — lay
it in the sun, allow cinders to drop on
it — submit it to any other test you think
fit. You will find it will go through them
all with practically no trace of wear or
tear. Then, the next step is to get
AMATITE and put it on all your
buildings.

It will keep your buildings dry and
warm. You will have absolute protec¬
tion, and a roof that will not leak.

Another good point is the fact that you
do not have to hire experienced roofers to
lay it. It is as simple to put down as a
carpet. We supply nails and cement with
each roll, together with directions for
laying.

8i i

DULL TIMES

DULL KNIVES

DULL TOOLS

, do not exist where our Practical H»»d Power
1 Grinder with Carborundum grinding wheel is
used. Designed to sharpen anything twin a neec lie to
an ax in one tenth the tune and much bettei than a
grindstone. Grinding wheel four inches in diameter,
ono inch face, made of carborundum, tlie fastest
cutting abrasive known. Will not draw temper.
Clamped to a table, turns easily, light pressure "ced¬
ed; always ready, and saves its cost many tunes
yearly. Write to-day for particulars. A tew good
agents wanted.

KOVAL MANUFACTURING CO..

3JJ6 E. Walnut Street. .Lancaster. Pa.

j| 20th Century Wagon Box

Stock Rack and Hay
- - — Ladders. Made Better than

you expect. Thoroughly bo1 ted, not nailed. Write

Model Mfg. Co., Box 231 Mancie, Indiana.

YouCan
Judge.

Home and Farm. — Here is a problem
which I have given our children to figure
out. From 22 pounds of milk we churned
24 ounces of well-worked butter. Allowing
the salt and water to represent 15 per cent
by weight of the butter, what per cent ot
fat did this milk contain? Our cows are
first-class. We are ready to back them tor
rich milk. One of our own raising is half
Holstein and half Jersey. She is a coarse,

beefy looking cow that deceives most judges

when they look at her. Slie gives a large
mess of rich milk. The other is a high-

grade Jersey, nervous and quick, while the
other is slow and steady. . . . About
the middle of August we planted 29 plants
of the Dixon strawberry. As the runners
came out we rooted, and transplanted when
the plants were well set. No potted plants
were tried. On October 28 we had 158
nice plants well started. No effort was

made to push the plants. Had they been
highly fertilized and watered I feel sure

we could have made 250 plants. People

are surprised to sec what large plants we
can grow, and how they tako hold of the
soil when Fall-planted and worked. I do
not feel like advising this late Fall setting
as a general rule but it seems like a wise
plan to buv some Fall plants. They can he
set in little beds and covered with manure
through the Winter. For mulch this year

we shall use stalks, bean vines and such

coarse material weighted down with manure.

When they made those stone drains
in the lower fields the men tried to realize
that they were doing a 25-year job. and did
it right. At one point of tlie ditch they

struck a place where some one had buried

a lot of stones. They had been simply
thrown in without any attempt at order,
and of course the water course was clogged.
Nothing could run through it. We lay
good sized stones at the lxittom of the
ditch, leaving an open throat about three

inches by five. Then the small stones are
packed in above this throat to within about
18 inches of the top. Why not use tile?
We have the stones and want to get rid

of them. In many ways tile is superior

to stones hilt we wanted to try to drain

this field in the old-fashioned way, in a

way quite within the means of any farmer
who can handle a spade. I feel very

sure of the value of this work. We plow
as we ditch, and pick up tlie stones for
filling so as to leave the soil smooth and
free. This promises to make the best
place for onions we have on the farm. A
peddler passed while the men were at work,
and rather sneered at the labor. He was
above such a job! \ret think what a man
does who dries out a field and gives value
and character to a piece of land ! . • •

A man gets a full college education in
human nature when he walks for an office.

I struck one man for his vote, and he
seemed afraid to put himself on record.
Got me out behind the shed, looked all
around to see if we were alone and then
whispered: “I’ll see about it!” Another
man in a public place fairly roared Of
course I will !” and much to my embarrass¬
ment he dragged me about among his friends
making them pledge their vote. I have
many promises, hut I ain banking on just
two votes in our voting district. Phillip |
will cast one and T ought not to lie |
questioned about the other. h. w. c.

Amatito on a large factory.

AMATITE Ready Roofing does not
rust, rot, crack or fall off. Nor does it
come in small pieces that can be ripped off
by the wind. It simply wears out, and
the “wearing out” takes many years.

AMATITE is just as good whether
used in the east, west, north or south —
neither climate nor weather changes affect
it. It will give as good service in Panama
as in Maine. Hundreds of buildings
everywhere are now covered with AMA¬
TITE, and we have yet to receive the
first complaint.

Now is the time to put your buildings
in good shape for the winter. You can
do it economically and satisfactorily with
AMATITE.

Write us, and by return mail we will
send you a free sample so you can see
for yourself just how good AMATITE
really is. Once you investigate the sub¬
ject you will use no other ready roofing.

Address the Barrett Manufacturing
Company at New York, Chicago, Phila¬
delphia, St. Louis, Kansas City, Allegheny,
Cleveland, New Orleans, Minneapolis,
Cincinnati or Boston.

We’ll send the Mill
— we’re not afraid.
You try its speed,
its strength, the
kind of grinding.
Compare with others. No
sale and no cost to you if you axe not

gilh the New Holland

FEED MILL.

The low priced mill that does every kind ear
corn and grain grinding, coarse or fine. Makes
excellent table meal. A rapid grinder and is
strong and easy running. Several styles and
sizes. With or without elevator and bagger. We
also have the best and fastest cutting Wood
Saw made. Send for free booklets.

NewHMlan^Hch^^^o>Md5^ejWlnlland^a

PRESS HAY

Profitably for yourself and your neighbors
with the Double Stroke, Full Cirele

RED RIPPER HAY PRESS.

One and two horse sizes. Large capacity.
Simple in construction.

Half the Weight, Half the Price.

of others of same capacity. Bales all kinds of
hay and straw. Send for catalogue.

"ilarder Mfg. Co., Box 1 1, Cobleskill, N.Y.

Built for Business

Farquhar engines and boilers are built for
hard knocks and durability on the road as
well as at work. They have every improve¬
ment that experience has shown to be of
_ .. , _ . , . value. For general

TT? tt!1-round service

«i„. Thr..^ | PARQUHAR

ENGINES

and

SAW MILLS

have no superior.

A. B.

FARQUHAR |
Co. Ltd.
York, Pa,

Daily Stable Duties

such as feeding and cleaning are made light
hy using Louden’s

Feed and Litter^
Carrier.

Box of ample capacity carried everywhere
through .stablings, over switches and on
curved tracks. Kuna easy on roller bearing
track wheels, any desired height above head.
A labor and time saver— no barn complete
without it. Ask for

free catalog showing
Buch other specialties
as Hay Tools. Flexible
Barn Door Hangers,
Overhead Trolleys,
Switches, etc. Address
Louden Machinery Co.
39 Broadway,
Fairfield, Iowa.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine, oaw
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight.

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 303; Atlanta, Ga.

AW MILL

mm

Buy rubber wear that’s all rubber, then you are safe.
Bure rubber is expensive. That’s why some manufacturers
cheapen it with substitute fillers. That’s fatal to wear;
your boot leaks in no time. Not so with

BUCKSKIN

Brand Rubber Boots and Shoes.

jy are guaranteed to be ail pure rubber — finest quality
.wle. Note, too, that they are reinforced at every point
where ordinary rubber wear breaks. That’s another reason
why they outlast any other kin d you can buy. Guaranteed
and sold on 10 days trial. Save your money and your
health by buying Buckskin goods— branded plainly on every
boot leg and shoe heel. If you cau’t get that kind from
l. your dealer, write us. We’ll supply you direct

_JVN0TE Tua and send you book showing now they are
REINFORCEMENTS made.

Buckskin Brand Rubber Boots and Shoes re¬
ceived the Grand Prize for Quality at the
St. Louis Exposition.

BANNER RUBBER CO.,

280 Bittner St., St. Louis, Mo.

WEIGHT
llO LBS
ACTUAL
TEST

8 r 2

T 11 E RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November ti,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUK BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

don’t want boric acid in our food, but if it will keep
things fresh, use plenty of it on the efforts of the turn

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homea.

Established 1H,W.

IfEKBKKT VV. COLLING WOOD, Editor.

Im. Wai.tck Van Fleet, i .

Mas. K. T. Kovi.k, f Associates.

John J. Iiii.uin, HiikIiiukh XlanaKur.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries In the Universal Postal Union. $2 04
equal to Ks. (Id., or 8 Vi marks, or 10 Vi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

Wo believe that every advertisement In this paper Is
hacked by a responsible person, lint to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising In our col¬
umns. and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, tail we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest
responsible advertisers. Neither will we lie responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts
Notice of the complaint must he sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and von must have
mentioned Tin: Rural Nkw-Youker when writing the adver

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may he made In money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER n, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce 1 he R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, vve send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

We have long believed that there is no possible ency¬
clopedia of agriculture that can compare with the expe¬
rience of readers of I he R. N.-Y. They are intelligent
people, and are scattered all over the world. They
seem to be engaged in all sorts of occupations, and what
is best of all, they are willing to give their experience.
\\ c feel sure that any reasonable (jiicslinn relating to
farming or farm life can he settled, as far as human
experience can settle it, by reference to our readers.
Some reader of I he R. N.-Y. will always have just the
bit of experience needed to satisfy the Question.

*

Skim-milk is a useful and wholesome beverage.
Most of us drink it when we drink milk at all, taking
the cream off the milk for separate use. It should he
sold under fair restriction in all towns and cities, hut
in New York the law forbids its sale. There would be
a heavy demand for it, and, in the end, such sale would
help the producers of good milk, because it would lead
to a guarantee of butter fat. Customers would he edu¬
cated in the difference between skim-milk and whole
milk, and thus milk would he graded. As it is now many
people buy skim-milk and pay the price of whole milk
for it.

*

During the recent political campaign in New York it
was well said of one man: “11 is only hope is to keep his
mouth shut. Let him talk and he is lost!’’ Of another
it was said: “ 1 1 is only hope is to talk freely and get
the cause he represents before the people.” It was the
principle, or a lack of it, which stood behind the man.
Advertising ruined one and saved the other. The same
is true of other things, from the sale of goods to t lie
saving of public rights. For example, the only hope for
farmers to obtain a parcels post law is for them to talk
about it and make Congress realize that they mean bnsi
ness. Keep at the Congressmen.

♦

A young American “social leader” who probably never
would have risen above a dry goods counter had it not
been for rich ancestors, was recently sent to jail for
reckless auto driving. An example of American justice,
eh? No, it was in France, where this lively American
was put behind the bars. There are hundreds of them
who should lie jailed on American soil. It is utter non¬
sense to fine these rich rascals and let them go on
boasting of their exploits. We would have them put in
the common jnil and fed on soup, boiled potatoes and
bread for a month Their death dealing autos would
scorch ’ alintit as a hearse does after such an experience.

*

It has been claimed that Dr. H. VV. Wiley, of the
Department of Agriculture, is a friend of oleo. We
doubt the statement, hut at any rate, President Roosevelt
did a good thing when he sent Dr. Wiley to Philadel¬
phia to testify in an oleo case! A firm in that city was
charged with selling oleo as butter to the Navy Yard.
When this firm saw that the United States Government
was helping the prosecution they quit and made no
defense. They were fined $250 and sent to jail. Served
them right. Another man charged with selling sausage
containing boric acid was fined $100 and costs. We

who take the job of hunting rogues,

i

A farmer in the South has just built a fine house.
‘We can’t take anything away with ns," he said, "so why
not he comfortable while we arc here!” A farmer at
the North has put steam heat in his house. “We can
live hut once, says he; "we have crowded into one
room too long. Now let's he comfortable and enjoy
the entire house.” In this case the man had saved the
money and would invest it in gome way. He preferred
i eomfortabl house to a mortgage on another farm.
Every week people write us about various schemes for
investing money. Some stranger has offered them large
interest in a mining scheme, or some industrial plan.
We know little about such concerns; they may or may
not succeed, depending on the honesty of the managers.
Not infrequently on the very farms where this money
has been saved for investment, comforts are lacking in
bouse or ham. or implements, stock or fertilizer invested
for the farm would pay good interest. Why not invest
ui home or in farm instead of sending money to
strangers' One trouble with the country to-day is that
thousands of farmers have sent their money for other
people to handle. I hat is where these vast sums come
from. If this money, or a good share of it, could have
been invested at home, manufacturers, railroad men and
others would have been running after the farmer as their
best customer. Why squeeze the farm and home dry
in order to put juice in a railroad or factory, or a town
hundreds of miles away?

+

YV it at would those poor farmers do if there were
no wise ones to plan for them? The latest suggestion
is co-operative dishwashing. It is planned to have a
$700 dishwasher at some central point and have a man
go from house to house picking up the dirty dishes.
They are to he washed and carried home! Of course
the person who makes this beautiful plan never lived in
a farmhouse, and probably never washed a dish. Yet
he or she represents a good-sized class of people who
would like to live 1»> “planning" for others. Apparent¬
ly the less they know about a subject the better qualified
they are to plan it They strike a popular chord when
they talk about dishwashing, for of all farm work that
is the worst. 'I he genius who will invent a practical
dishwasher that will come within the means of a farm¬
er’s wife will deserve a monument — and lie will get
one too. No one talks of erecting a monument to
Breed, the inventor of the weeder, though his imple¬
ment revolutionized the culture of small plants, and
saved farmers much labor and time. Farmers may lie
ungrateful enough to feel that the price of the tool is
all they should pay, hut farmer’s wives will see to it
that the man who invents an animated dishrag gels a
monument. 1 he farmers who turn in to help wash or
wipe at times will also contribute.

*

Our readers have not forgotten Hon. T. C. Platt,
Senator from New York, and his position on the parcels
post question. We are at liberty to print a correspond¬
ence with one of them. A citizen of central New York-
sent this' letter to the Senator:

I lake this early action lu writing you to ascertain just
what position you propose to take in the matter of parcels
post, which is to lie thoroughly gone Into this coming session
of Congress. I trust you will not longer lend yourself to
the nefarious business of serving the express company in the
Senate as against the people whose representatives placed
you lu the great and honorable position which you now oc
copy. I trust the time Is not far distant when it will he
unnecessary for a farmer to pay to any express company
•r,!) cents for bringing less than four pounds of cast Iron from
Philadelphia, Ua„ to central New York. That Is Just what
happened to the writer this last Spring. Kindly let me hear
from you ns to your Intentions regarding parcels post with¬
out unnecessary delay.

Within a short time he received the following from
an express office in New York:

In reply to your letter or the 18th, I have to say that up
to (tie present time there has been no serious discussion lu
Congress of parcels post legislation, t am not a member of
the Committee on Cost Office and Cost Roads, where such
a question would naturally receive preliminary consldern-
lion, and I would not he called upon (o exercise any In
fluenee for or against such legislation until it came before
the open Senate In the form or a bill, to lie voted upon.

If I ho question ever appears in Ibis concrete form. I should,
of course, extend to such a measure most careful eonsldera
lion, and my action would reflect my best judgment as to Its
elleel upon the public welfare. Very truly yours,

T. C. PLATT.

It is not likely that Senator Platt expects people to
lake such statements seriously. He knows belter, lie
knows that thousands of people have written him per¬
sonally, and that thousands more have petitioned Con
gress to give a fair parcels post service, (t won't do to
make such jictly statements. They do not deceive cliil
dren, to say nothing of grown-up men. When the
Postmaster General made a suggestion about a postal
note or check did Senator Platt wait until it came be¬
fore the Senate? No. He killed it before it got near
any committee, because lie thought it would hurt his

express company. We accept' Ibis letter as evidence
that Senator Platt begins to realize what and who arc
after him. Keep at him therefore with sharper pens
than ever. So he is waiting for this subject to get into
"concrete shape!” When that comes he is likely to he
inside the concrete. Let us remember that concrete is
of little value without a full supply of sharp sand, and
farmers must supply this sand if they ever expect a
print Is post. I he man who wrote this letter says he
wishes our New York Senators were running for office
this year! No such luck! Neither one of them would
have the ghost of a chance for an elective office. They
would run Spanish. In their attitude on this very par¬
ed-, post question they give the strongest possible argu¬
ment in favor of the election of Senators by popular
vote.

*

Since the question about the value of washing ma-
' bines was started in Hope Farm Notes there has been
a lively discussion from housekeepers. The evidence
thus far is about 10 to one that the machines really help
the housewife. I his is especially true when the men
folks are ready to help, or there is some stout child to
wot k the machine. It will require about so much labor
to get the <1 i 1 1 out of clothes and if we can make wood
and rubber do part of it so much the better for the
lingers! It appears to lie demonstrated by the reports
which conic to us that a washing machine serves a pur¬
pose in the house quite as legitimate as the horse culti¬
vator or weeder on the farm. The farmer does not
discard these tools because he must use a hoe in order
to do a perfectly clean job. I he hand work required to
complete the job of a good washing machine is pro¬
portionately less than the hand hoeing which follows a
cultivator.

*

The following question is a fair sample of many
from people who wonder why the great outcry for
fumigation with Hydrocyanic acid gas has died out:

In view of the doubt with which stum* orchnrdlsts seem
to view the efficacy of llmo-sulphur-salt, and the danger
which others claim attends the-use of petroleum and similar
washes for the benefit of our friend San Jose, cun you give
me any Information as to resulls of orchard fumigation?

I have seen some reports, (N. Y. Slate Experiment Station),
of experiments, hut nothing of recent date. The expense!
of tents lias been considered, 1 believe, the chief drawback
to this- method of lighting Insects, but I am gradually com¬
ing to the belief that, provided orchard trees can Is* fund
gated with little danger of Injuring the trees, we shall he-
compelled to resort to this method of protection. J. i>. v.

Wc can all remember how, a few years ago, a craze*
for fumigation passed over the country. It was claimed
that this deadly gas would destroy the scale on nursery
stock without injuring the trees, and some States;
passed laws compelling nurserymen to fumigate. In
California the gas was used in orchard work, tents,
being thrown over the trees and the gas generated!
inside the tent We saw this tried in a peach orchard!
in West Virginia. Fumigation for nursery stock is,
now little better than a farce. Practically every targe-
nursery has the facilities for fumigation, hut most
buyers prefer not to have it done. I he compulsory-
laws have become pretty near a dead letter. Many
trees have been injured by fumigation. When the hud's,
have opened or after they have begun to swell tile gas
will do them more harm than good. We have bought
trees which were so weakened by fumigation that they
were winter-killed, or dawdled on for several years
before recovering. In the orchard this method has not
given results which commend it to practical men. A
few fruit-growers may practice it still, but no one advo¬
cates it as a method adapted to general use. It is
more likely that ltmc and sulphur or some other wash,
with a change in the form of the tree, will prove most
effective in fighting the scale. A smaller tree, headed
close In the ground, and with a wide, open top, will he
the fruit tree or hush of the future. With the peach
the tendency will be to plant new orchards each year,
and depend upon young and vigorous trees for the
fruit. I he present tendency certainly is to depend
less and less upon fumigation.

BREVITIES.

Scalp out l lie* swill barrel now and then.

Pasteurizing may kill the germs in milk, hut It doesn’t
clean out the dirt.

California fruit growers are discussing a tariff on
bananas to help fruit growers.

Tim English (iovernincnl has contracted with a California
rain maker to produce rain in Soul li Africa, on (tic principle
of no rain no pay.

We wonder whether any render of Tin: R. N. V. would
exchange poverty and set r respect for the position tilled b.v
one of tin* big life insurance frauds!

Last year (he single city of Marseilles, France. Imported
182,010 tons of peanits. They were used for extracting an
oil. The French even sent $27.0(15 worth of peanuts to this
country !

What Is a "milk fed chicken"? A fowl fed on milk mixed
with ground grain. This Is given in the form of porridge
or soup, and forced down the bird’s throat under pressure.
Many of such chickens are now on the market. The flesh
Is excellent, but reporls are that they do not curry or
keep well.

1005.

T1IH RURAL NEW-YORKER

8i3

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC.- Four persons won- killed and i!0 Injured by
a head on collision between two Hock Island trains near
Fairlield, Iowa, October ltd. Both trains had clearing orders,
and the accident Is believed to have been caused by a den¬
im teller's error. . . . The entire force of working officials
of the Hazel Klrko mine, four miles from Monongnhela, Pa.,
tu re killed in an explosion In the mine October 1*0. hive
men were killed out light and the sixth died on reaching
the bottom of the shaft and sending up the alarm. Two
weeks ago there was an explosion in the same mine and
two lives were lost. Since that time the mine bad been
dosed in order to smother the lire, penned to one part of the
mine by brattices, li was thought the mine was ready to
open and Manager llornlcket called on his lire bosses. Ids
mine foreman and his machine boss to go into the mine
with him lo put it in order. Early In the morning Andrew
Under managed to reach the bottom of the shaft anil give
an alarm, lie was dead by the time the cage reached the
bottom and the odor of gas and fire damp told the fate of
the others. Rescuing parties were formed and about noon
they reached the live bodies, which lay close together.
Manager llornlcket was one of the expert mining men of
lht‘ country and was wealthy, lie had been part owner of
the Hazel Klrko mine and shared in the sale profits, which
were $1,000,000. . . . That $0,.' 100, 000 has thus far
been stolen from the taxpayers of Philadelphia by the con¬
tracting combine which has been building the city nitration
plant and the two boulevards Is the conclusion that lias been
readied by Major Cassius E. Gillette, Corps of Engineers,

I idled Stares Army and John Donald MucKennnn, experts
employed by Mayor Weaver to investigate the contracts and
the work done. Major Gillette investigated the jobliery In
the Savannah harbor improvements and procured Hu* evi¬
dence on which former ('apt. Olierlln M. Carter was con¬
victed and against which Green and Gaynor must shortly
stand trial. John Donald MucLennan is an experienced
engineer who recently completed the construction of the
Government nitration plant at Washington. John W. Hall,
former chief of the bureau of filtration, is now awaiting
trial on charges of forgery, etc., in connection with the
lilt rat ion contracts. The contracting combine which Is
accused of this thievery is constituted. In tin* main, of
Israel W. Durham, Republican boss of Philadelphia, and
co-boss with United Stales Senator Penrose of the State of
Pennsylvania and Stale Senator James P. Mc.Nichol. These
two men, with I >. ,1. McNIchol. a brother of Hu* Stale
Senator, compose the contracting llrm of Daniel J. McNIchol.
Evidence bn ight out at Hill's preliminary hen lug showed
that in this firm I ». ,1. McNIchol owns a one twelfth interest,
the other eleven twelfths being divided equally between
Durham and James P. McNIchol. . . . The Ualiforiila

Express No. I. the fastest regular train on the Santa I<Y*
system, was ditched in a cut a mile east of Kansas City,
Mo., October .'lb. Twelve dead and ‘Jo injured persons were
taken out of the wreck. The accident happened a few yards
west of where the Santa I'Y* crosses Hock ('reek. A deep
cut with solid 1 1 in. ‘stone shies extending higher than the
lops of tin* cars begins close to the bridge. The engine
struck a loose rail, but Stayed on the track. The mall
car jumped to the right, struck the side of Hie bluff, and
the cars behind plowed through it and piled up against
the high slone bank on the left. The great natural wall of
rough stone against which the cars were thrown tore the
side oil’ the day coaches, and passengers, ground against
the wall, were killed or seriously Injured. . . .. Stale
Senator T. .1. Emmons, convicted of receiving a bribe to
iiilluence building and loan association legislation, was sen
tenci'd at San Francisco. Cal., October ID, to live years In
Sail Quentin prison. This Is the third of the California
Stale legislators who have been sent to prison for accepting

bribes . October ‘Jb the breaking of a big three

foot water main in Chicago, III., drowned two men In a
tunnel, and caused the death of a woman whose home was
wrecked by the Hood. The total loss to property is estimated
at $ I no, oi 10. The Hood swept Into basements in tin* entire
district between LaSalle, Clark. Sixteenth and Twentieth
streets, driving out scores of families and ruining the stocks
of many small merchants and larger concerns. For more
than seven hours the torrent gushed forth, turning the
break Into a ge.vser with a crater 50 feet wide. From Its
boiling month Issued a current that tore gullies .’to feet
wide across the elevated tracks of the Lake Shore and Mlchl
gun Southern Railroad. Tracks collapsed and freight cars
tumbled Into the mud and debris. The water seeped far
below the basements of buildings, undermining their founda
lions, s'o that it is expected that many of them will be
condemned.

THE REEF PACKERS. A subpoena as a witness In the
“Reef Trust” trial on November 'JO was served October J7
on Charles G. Dawes, ex Controller of the Currency. Mr.
Dawes has opposed in speeches the course of the Government
in prosecuting the packers. Ills public expressions are said
to have led to the Issuance of a subpoena so that what he
knows concerning the packers may be stated under oath.
Ills speech to the bankers al Lincoln, Neb., on October 24,
especially attracted attention.

ADMINISTRATION. President Roosevelt Is determined
to dii all that lie can to make the uniform of a soldier or
sallor of the United States respected and to assure the
weaver all the consideration which would be given a
civilian. Cases have been reported frequently of admittance
to theatres and public places being denied sailors simply
because they were garbed in a National uniform. The
President believes the uniform should lie respected every
where and taken as a badge of honor. The Navy Depart
ment lias endeavored to uphold this view, for Secretary
Ronaparte dismissed an employee of the Norfolk Navy Yard
for refusing to lease rooms to a machinist’s mate merely
because the mate wore the uniform of a petty officer of the
navy. Owing to rowdyism on the part of some sailors the
whole service has been placed a I a disadvantage. The
soldiers of tin* army have also suffered to some extent.

PANAMA CANAL. The funds of the Isthmian Canal
Commission are running low and October '28 there remained
only about $1,000,000 of the $10,000,000 appropriated by
Congress In June, lOO'J. It Is the Intention of Secretary
Taft and (lie commission to make every effort to procure
an emergency appropriation from Congress Immediately after
that body meets In December. Al I lie rate the money Is
being expended now the commission will have absolutely no
funds on January I. and many bills for large amounts will
fall due early in 100(1, It has not been decided Just how
much Congress will be asked to appropriate. One of tin*
principal reasons for Secretary Taft's visit to the Isthmus
Is to ascertain for himself Just what has been done and
how the money has been spent. With facts and figures tie
will return to Washington well forlllled for what may he
a contest to get money, and a large amount of It. from
Congress In a very short space of time. It Is essential that
the emergency appropriation be made before Congress ail
jnurns for the Christians holidays, or the working force of
the canal will have to go without pay until Congress does act.

INSURANCE AFFAIRS. Prosecuting Attorney II. M.

I lagelberger, of Akron. Ohio, began two actions In quo
warranto in the Circuit Court October 28, asking that the
Mutual Life Insurance Company be ousted from doing
business in Ohio. The petitions also ask that trustees or
receivers be appointed to take charge of all of the funds of
the two companies In this Stale. In each petition there
are thirty three questions which the companies are requested
to answer. It Is alleged in both netltlons that the companies
have In tin* past live years misused their franchises; tint t
In their annual statements to the Insurance Commissioner
they have failed to disclose a large amount which was con
trlbuted to Cornelius l’.llss. the amount of which Is said to
ie* In excess of $100,000: that the companies paid out under
the guise of fees $25(1,000 to lobbyists to Influence the
legislation in that State and other States, and that the funds
of Hu* policyholders In Hint State are being wrongfully ex¬

pended and squandered for criminal and fraudulent purposes
It is further alleged that over $501,000 was paid out t*>
dummy officers of both companies which was not included
in the statement:- tiled by the companies with the Insurance
Commissioner of Ohio, and Hint statements tiled by
both companies were fraudulent and In direct violation of
tin* provisions of the licenses held by the companies in Hull
State.

RUSSIA. -October 30 Emperor Nicholas Issued a procla¬
mation giving t in* country constitutional government. Thus
disappears the last absolute monarchy among civilized
•copies, and thus popular liberty wins lls culminating victory
n Hu* history of mankind. The concession comes mi
willingly. It is, in fact, the last desperate effort to save
the crown Itself for the Romanoff dynasty. Whether It will
suffice in the present supreme crisis of national rebellion
cannot yet lie said. All ordinary political liberties and gen¬
uine representative government by a national legislature are
granted. A constitution Itself Is not formulated, but the
power to draft one Is delegated to a (luma to be elected by
Hu* suffrage of all classes. This should restore peace
throughout the empire. The only danger is that popular
passion is so iiillnmcd and the perception of tin* complete
paralysis of the Government so widespread that the masses
may rush into grave excesses and demand the complete
sweeping away of tin* existing regime throughout the empire.
Finland is also In open revolt, citizens met October .'!l and
resolved lo demand the cessation of Russian oppression, the
resignations of the Governor and Senators and the formation
ot a national assembly, to which all classes will have the
right of election.

FARM AND GARDEN. The Missouri Stall* Horticultural
Society will hold Its forty-eighth annual meeting at Kansas
City December 28-110: secretary L. A. Goodman, 4,000 War
wick Rlvd., Kansas City, Mo.

The annual meeting of the Western New York I (nr 1 1
cultural Society will lie held at Rochester, N. Y.. January
24-25, 1000. _

AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL
ONTARIO, CANADA.

The writer's acquaintance with this part of Ontario I’rov
mce began over Id years ago. and an absence of tin* last.
20 years enables me to see differences very plainly. The
lirst thing which certainly will pass, and which Is nearly
gone now, Is Hu* primeval forest. The first settlers were*
slow in being convinced of tin* need of trees and also of
planting in places where shelter was needed, but many did
It and tin* results, In both comfort and beauty, have much
(bore than justified expectations. Maples planted In the
Fall of IM74 are now 12 Inches thick in the trunk, and In
the foliage part 25 feet wide and Ho feet high. This is
encouraging data from .'11 years. While pines planted lo
years ago are large, shady trees and having grown up alone
are destined to be useful for generations to come, ornamental
• lues, larches and spruces have grown even quicker, ivr
nips the most useful and attractive conifer for small growth
and thick hedges, is the While cedar. All through this part
of the country these hedges are thick, healthy and luxuriant.

An important change is the kind of barns and other out
buildings. As much as $.'1,000 will be spent on a barn : it
will be titled with rack lifters, a windmill or ram to supply
water, large storage tank for perhaps t tins' days' supply,
and there may be also individual tanks to each stall. I saw
one house In which were hot and cold water, bath, etc. The
water was pumped fully (too yards, and the pipes lain
through tin* bed of a river. This plant had been In almost
perfect operation during It! years, and the plumber's bill
was nearly nothing. All the up-to-date implements are
being used. The steam thrasher feeds Itself, cuts and blows
the straw on to the slack, sucks the dust out of the barn
and juts the grain Into the bin, thus reducing the number of
men reeded at a thrashing from four to six. This Is a
(treat suvjng, for It Is almost Impossible lo gel either male
or female* help here now. I was at two homes where there
had been three sons; a I least one was needed a I home, tail
they were all off to start homes In the Northwest. In the
house there are also modern helps. The cream separator,
tin* pork hog and the cheese factory sharp have seriously
injured cheese-making. In the village where I am writing
there Is a creamery with a weekly capacity In Mav June
and July of 4,000 pounds of butter. There are,' near
Itrantford In Canada, many farmers’ homes, lit, heated and
provided with natural gas enough to do all the cooking
I tried to get surplus data on either side, for or against
the silo, but, while* those* who have and like them would not
do without one, others will not have one. The most sidi
slanllal objection appears lo be that the danger or frost on
the* corn requires the alio to be* tilled when farmers are busy
both finishing wheat seeding and thrashing. Filling the slfo
Is done by neighbors helping each other. "Canada Mall”

Is framed and put up in most of the liars in G renter New
York : but the Dingley tariff practically shuts out Canadian
barley. Tills has proved a great blessing to Ontario farmers.
One* farmer said lie ge*ts SO cents per bushel for his barley
when fed to hogs. One* man said he* puts ground oats and
barley Into the trough, then pours In milk, warm from the
separator. He* told me he* took seven hogs to market, live
months old, weight 100 pounds each, price* six cents per
pound live* weight. This man keeps three brood sows which
raise generally two litters per year, and about eight In each
litter, or 50 pigs on an average, lie milks nine cows most
of the* year.

The manner of getting ls*ef stoe*k is quite changed. Some
raise the calves till they are yearlings, or a little older;
then others buy them and finish them for market. I saw
one herd of 30 cows kept for raising calves, and each would
raise three calves during her milking period. Two different
farmers told me that they fed fully 1,500 bushels of grain
on a hundred acres, nearly every year, 1>u t they sometimes
need to buy a few bushels of oats one or two hundred
bushels. Wheat (Winter)* Is still raised he*re, and ranges
from 20 to 30 bushels per acre*. Due piece about two
acres of new land produced. In 11)04, (JO bushels per acre,
but this was considered the largest yield ever known In this
district. Oats, barley and peas go from 30 to to and even
00 bushels per acre. One farmer lias a sample of Tartar
King oats ID/, feet high. An average crop of yellow turnips
Is 000 bushels, but as many as 1,000 bushels are often
grown on an acre. These are being loaded on the cars now
at nine cents per bushel. Freight and duty lo New York
City, nearly 40 cents per bushel. Good Spv and Spltzen
berg apples are being sold here for $1.25 per barrel. Apples
shipped In boxes have been heard of here, but not tried.
The apples are picked by the fnrmers, then culled and
packed by the buyer. I saw one Spy tree two feet thick In
the trunk and 50 feel wide In the top. It yielded 15 barrels
of apples and a bushel of small fruit. Hie* same tree pro
eluced 12 barrels two years ago; but apples are such a low
price for good stock that orchards are being chopped down.
An Inside help is Hie* older sauce factory. Now a farmer
can take away ills apples in Hie morning and bring home the
warm sauce in the afternoon cost of making, three cents
per gnllon of elder. The lhlcke*ning apples must be taken
along peeled and cored. Sauce so made will kee*p two yi*ars
In crocks.

There is a great change in the preparation of the ground
for Winter wheat. Formerly there was a good deal of
Summer fallowing: now sod Is plowed down, the* top worked
line by disk-harrowing and rolling, then finer harrowing,
drilling In and harrowing after the drill. Here we* line! the
disk harrow, hay loader and tedder and manure spreader.
Turnips are taken up by lirst topping with the hoe. then
carefully cross-harrowed. Yellow turnips are the only ve*g
(•tables raised here for market, and apples the only fruit
The* staples are* beef, pork, wheat and such dairy products
as cream or butter. I'oultry has not yet been attempted
seriously.

The* last thing of which I wish to speak Is stock raising.
Near where I am writing there Is a Holstein herd, a
Short horn herd headed by a $1,000 Imported bull and
a farm which produces Southdown and Hampshire sheep.
The prizes from the St. I.ouls Exposition amounted to $1,4(>0
to tills sheep Industry. I have visited at least 20 farmers'
homes extending over a territory 25 miles long, and every
one had an up-to-date agricultural paper, and many of the
older readers got their lirst lessons In that line of study
from “Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.” The tluest potatoes that
I have tasted here, and as good ah I ever lasted for dryness
and other qualities, were Carman No. 3, so, in some re
speeds, I was not far from home On October 1 I I picked a
tine bunch of wild red raspberries growing beside a stump
fence. Near this place my farmer friend pointed to a hut In

a beech grove and said : “There Is where ihe beef ring
does Rs killing." A number of farmers clubbed together and
buy or supply a beef animal each month, have it killed,
dressed and weighed out to the different members. Most of
them have Ice or a cold cellar and thus have fresh beef at
cost. Without attempting to debate the subject. I am con¬
vinced that the best means of lighting the food trusts of the
United Stales would be to reduce the tariff on Ontario
produce. It would Increase the price to the Canadians,
reduce the price lo Americans and would make very little
difference* lo the farmers in the Stales, and certainly pro
deice more cordial International feeling. It is now’ quite
certain that the Canadians can live Ix'tter without, us than
we* can without them. Here* food and money are plentiful
and cheap; labor Is scarce anel dear. Plenty of farmers
here have lo pay a man $25 per month and board and $20
per month the* year round. “Quaker oats" and all such
kinds of food are now made on this side of the line. Cana
dian tarill s have* compelled Americans lo come over and
build so that they can manufacture here. Canadians are-
Very plainly being 1 unkeolied, hut American capital Is.
being Cnnadlanized. Let us hope this will be a means of
producing “peace and good will amongst men." The teach¬
ing and experimental work and also farmers institutes keep>
the* farmers’ 1’amille‘s here well posted and continually in
t crested in this kind of calling. Tills is done by the*
Ontario Agricultural College. oh.hekvhu.

FIRE INSURANCE AND LIGHTNING RODS.

Barn Fires and Lightning

K. <1. Know, president of the Home Insurance Co., makes1
the* following statement about lire in farm barns;

"We have for some lime been investigating the* matter
of barn lessees and examined into upwards of 800 cases where
the* cause of lire was known. Out of tin* number consider¬
ably over half of the* losses were caused by lightning anel
something less than a quarter were charged to incendiarism,
I he remainder of the* causes constituting proportionately
a very small fraction of the* entire number. Taking up at
Hu* present time the main factor alluded to lightning It
appears evident that a d<>vlre> that will minimize the* electric
.hazard is worth seeking. If the barn losses might la* re-
•luced by one half tin* class would, at rates obtainable, come
pretty near being preferred Instead of prohibited, as Is
the case with some companies, perhaps many, at the present
time.

"Tim proposition, of course, brings the* lightning rod Into
(•tie's mind. To many of us It brings the* thought of an old-
fashioned humbug, and we are not In this article going to try
to controvert that lde*a, but we* are disposed very strongly
to epiery whether, with the greatly Increased knowledge of
electricity that now exists. It might not be possible to pro¬
duce* a lightning rod of approved make and arrangement
that, if generally employed, would lessen the number of barn
losses, and we believe Hull If Interested underwriters would
give* their experience, their theories and their suggestions,
hints and plans might he presented tlial would he of value
In nuiking this iiiipnrtnntgrlaxs show a very much better loss
ratio,”

The* statistics given by President Know are as follows:

Cause

Lightning . . .

Incendiary . .

Sparks from portable engine* .

Tramps .

Spontaneous combustion .

Overturned lantern .

Child and matches .

Not stated .

Sparks from locomotive* .

Roys .

Unknown .

Oil stove . ’ . |

Defective title* . . .

Cigarettes .

Firecrackers .

1'aper balloon .

Electric wires .

Lantern explosion .

Burning load drawn In, .

Creosote (spontaneous combustion)

Dryer and turpentine . . .

Forest lire . .

Windmill (hot box) . .

Sparrows carrying matches for nest,

Incubator .

Brooder . , ’ ’

Smoking (pipe) .

Automobile .

Thrasher (hot box) .

Careless employee . . .

Burning brush . . . .

Number
. . . 343
. . . 131
. . . 25

. . . 18
. .. 11)
. .. 15

. . . 13

I)
8

7
3
3
3

8
8
2
o

2

1

1

1

1

1

t

1

l

*

1

t

1

1

Total

(122

BUSINESS BITS.

Dt n readers are all familiar with the Page Woven Wire
•eneo Company. Adrian. Mich., and undoubtedly know that
they claim lo use* a bott**r quality of wire a basic, ope*n-
h earth spring steed wire, having double the tensile* strength
of common fence wire of the* same size, and not only a
stronger, hut also a springier wire; a wire that makes good
springs. This wire Is known ns Page Wire. The Page Fence
( (iiipuny have* Just issued a souvenir edition of t lie I r house
organ, the Page Fence Age. which gives a detailed. Illus
traleel description of their process for manufacturing Page-
Wire* and tells why it is stronger and springier. Every fence
buyer should get a copy. It is free. Drop them a postal
card asking for "A Trip Through Our Mills."

As the days grow shorter and the evenings longer, the
lighting epiestion comes up again. Living, as most of our
readers do. beyond the* smoke line of the cities, gas and
electricity are* out ol the* epiestion. The* farmer must choose
be* I ween kerosene, gasoline and acetylene for light. We know
our readers will be glad to hear of a kerosene lamp Hint
combines practically all the* best features of the* gas and
electric light and yet gives that soft, restful quality of
light feu* which kerosene oil is so Justly famous. This lamp,
which is made by the Angle Mfg. Co.. 78 SO Murray Ktreed.
New 1 ork, Involves an entirely new principle of burning
common kerosene which does away completely with the
smoke, odor and bother of the old stvle lamp.' We would

certainly advise . * readers to communicate at once with

the Angle* Mfg. Co., 78-80 Murray Street, New York City.

.Tit mu: Is no greater ti-mptallnn to adulterate In any line
of manufactured goods than In the article of rubber.’ Tin*
supply in tropical regions is rapidly decreasing. The con
seepiemce Is high prices, which induce most manufacturers
to mix In substitutes which will give them for manufacture
"rubber" at a much less cost but of greatly inferior qualify.
There Is one manufacturer of rubber boots and shoes taking
a different course, the Banner Rubber Company of St. Louis.
Mo. Readers are familiar with their Buckskin Brand of
rubber boots and shoes from seeing it regularly advertised in
our columns. Bueksklu boots and shoes are jo be had gen
(•rally of dealers Anyone not Hading them should corre¬
spond direct with the manufacturers. They have a neat
book which they mall lo all writing them for It, and which
gives further particulars in regard to their making.

W mi the* return of tin* Shooting Season, there* Is one
question many a father will have to face: "Papa, may 1 have
a gun tills year?" One father will sav "Yes": another
"Wall till you’re ten": mini her. “Walt till you’re twelve";
another, perhaps, fourteen. There are countless men to-dav
who begin to shoot about as soon as they hail strength
enough to raise a gun to their shoulders. Almost without
exception such are men of quick decision, action and nssnr
mice. The gun has a great deal to do with fostering these
three qualities, and we say begin It early. The J. Stevens
Arms and Tool Company. 2(11) High street, Chicopee Falls,
Mass., Is conducting a very laudable campaign in Introdue*
lug a light, practical rifle* to our young Inels all over the
country. We recommend nost heartily to everyone* their
book, lost issued, on the ride and shotgun, with the* most
Interesting Information on the care and selection of lire
arms, ammunition, tin get shooting and kindred subjects
The book has 1 to page's and is sent free to anyone sending
four cents to cover postage*.

8i4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

^▼▼▼T'TrTTTTTTT T T T T - - - . .

► Woman and Home ]

I., j. j. ^aaa^AAAAAIAAAAAAAI

From Day to Day,

FOR ME.

Stand at the water’s brink.

And shoals of spotted barbel you shall see,
Basking between the shadows, look and think

“This beauty is for me.”

For me this freshness in the morning hours,

For me the water’s clear tranquillity,

For me the soft descent of chestnut flowers,

The cushat's cry for me.

The lovely laughter of the wind-sway’d wheat.

The easy slope of yonder pastoral hill ;

The sedgy brook whereby the red kine meet

And wade and drink their fill.

—Jean Ingelow (1820-1897).

*

Some quaint novelties in Vienna china
seen recently were egg cups in the ferm
of grotesque little heads, with a small
knitted red cap to fit over the egg and
keep it warm.

*

A convenient homemade duster for
hardwood floors consists of a wornout
broom, cut to an even edge and covered
with a double bag made from old knitted
or flannel underwear.

*

For pear puffs, peel good pears, cut out
the blossom end, but leave the stem ; sim¬
mer the pears until tender in a weak
syrup flavored with lemon, then drain,
and allow them to cool. Make a good,
rich pie crust, roll out thin, cut into tri¬
angular pieces, and cover each pear, pincn-
ing the crust neatly together, but leaving
the stem protruding. Bake in a quick
oven to a pale brown, and serve hot or
cold.

*

The rich flavor of the Porter apple
makes it excellent for canning. Wipe,
quarter, core and peel the apples, then
weigh them. Make a syrup by boiling for
10 minutes one-third the weight of the
apples in granulated sugar with water,
the proportion being 2V2 cupfuls of water
to one pound of sugar. Cook the apples
slowly in the syrup until soft; do not
crowd them. Skim out the apples care¬
fully into jars, cover with the boiling
syrup, and seal.

*

Some expensive new table centerpieces
are made of fine handkerchief linen, with
border and inserted trimming of Valen¬
ciennes lace. All sorts of lace are used
very freely in centerpieces, but we still
see many of plain design, especially in
heavy linen. Some very attractive work
is done in the coronation braid, this giv¬
ing an elaborate effect with much less
expenditure of time and eyesight than
embroidery. Fine linen centerpieces
should always be put away rolled on stiff
paper; they are easily wrinkled if laid
away flat in a drawer or box. The paper
should be just the size of the centerpiece.
*

When table linen begins to wear, it
should be carefully darned before the
threads are worn quite through. Baste
a piece of stiff paper over the hole on
the right side, to hold the material firm,
and then darn carefully with embroidery
cotton, using a size fine enough to go well
with the linen. The darn should reach
half an inch beyond the tear on all sides,
and must be very accurately done. Fine
needlewomen of a past generation used
ravelings from linen to darn the fabric,
and their mending reaching the level of
high art. People are less conscientious
about their patching nowadays, but we
still like to use ravelings of the material
when darning a crooked tear in any fine
woolen goods. Sewing silk or thread
stands out obtrusively from the fabric,
while threads of the material, if carefully
woven in, may be made apparently a part
of the warp and woof.

*

A group of Cyrusville’s citizens had
gathered as usual round the stove in the
corner store, says the Youth’s Companion,
and, as often happened, James Corning

was holding forth on the trials of his
kind.

“What do women folks know of care
and trouble?” he demanded of his audi¬
ence. “Sheltered in their homes with jest
a few little household duties to make the
time pass, and when night comes the priv¬
ilege of sitting down to the evening lamp,
while the man of the house puts on his
hat and goes out into the darkness and

32 to 40 bust.

often into the storm, and walks, maybe
half a mile, to fetch home the paper, so’s
his family can have the news next day.
No need for them to think of earning
money — no — ”

Mr. Coming’s mouth dropped wide open
as a stern-visaged woman stepped in at
the door and up to him.

“I’ve heard you’d been giving these lit¬
tle talks,” she said, clearly, “and I've come
down to wait for the mail, so’s you can go
home and take my place sitting by the
evening lamp. You’ll find a basket of
your socks there with holes in ’em large
as hen’s eggs, and your overalls and
Sammy’s trousers.

“If you get those done,” she added, re¬
lentlessly, as her husband tried to look

6176 Three Piece Umbrella Skirt,

22 to 30 waist.

at ease and as if it were all a good joke,
“ when you get ’em done, you can finish
up splitting the kindlings I’ve been at the
last two evenings. I’m willing to come
out into the darkness till you get the
whole thing finished up. Now you step
right along.” _ _

Household Congress.

Tomato Stains on Linen. — I read in
Good Housekeeping that coffee and fruit
stains on linen could be removed by rub¬
bing them with butter and then washing
in quite hot water with soap. I have
had good success with this method in
the case of stains from cooked tomatoes.

A reader.

Broiling Chickens. — Take broilers of
suitable age or size, dress in the usual
way, split down the back and remove
breast bone, which can be easily done by
running finger along it. Place right side
up in dripping pan, season with plenty

November 11,

of butter, pepper and salt ; put in a hot
oven for 20 minutes to “draw" or heat
well through. Take out; if cooking with
gas turn, and put under flame a few min¬
utes to brown; then brown the top, but
do not burn. If cooking on stove with
fuel proceed the same way on toaster or
gridiron. This gives that peculiarly good
taste which all broiled meats have, if done
in the right way. e. f. y.

The Rural Patterns.

A waist with shoulder seams only, as
shown in No. 5073, is a novelty. The
waist is made in one piece, the back being
plain, the fronts tucked at the shoulders,
and is finished with the regulation box
plait at the front edge. Below the waist
is a fitted basque portion which serves to
keep it in place without bulk over the hips
and which is joined to the lower edge.
The neck is finished with a band to which
the turnover collar can be attached by
means of buttonholes and studs. The
sleeves are finished with the straight cuffs
of the season. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 4 yards
27, 3 yards 32 or 154 yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern 5073 is cut in sizes for a 32.
34, 36. 38 and 40 inch bust measure; price
10 cents.

The umbrella skirt is a pronounced fav¬
orite of the season and has much to com¬
mend it. As shown it is made of one of
the new mannish suitings in mixed color¬
ing, but broadcloth, cheviot and homespun
and all the long list of cool weather ma¬
terials aie equally desirable. The skirt is
made with the front gore and circular side
and back portions. The fullness at the
back is laid in inverted plaits which can
either be stitched or pressed into position,
and the upper edge is finished with a
narrow belt. When liked it can be cut
off on indicated lines and made in walk¬
ing length. Also there is a choice allowed
of inverted plaits or habit back. 1 he
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size is 7 yards 27, 4% yards. 44 or 52
inches wide. The pattern 5175 is cut in
sizes for a 22, 24. 26, 28 and 30 inch waist
measure; price 10 cents.

Concerning Y our Face

you need to be as care¬
ful as about your food.
You’ll be safe and com¬
fortable if you use

WILLIAMS’ tOT?

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

Save Half Your Fuel

BV USING THE

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR

Fits any Stove or Furnace.
Wrlto for booklet on heating homes.

Rochester Radiator Co.

.'39 Furnace SL, Rochester, N.Y»

Prlcefrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

THE BEST COOKING RANGE

MADE

Sold for Cash
or on Monthly
Payments.

$10 to $20
Saved.

Freight

Paid.

Your
money
refunded
after six
months'
trial if

Clapp's
Ideal Steel
Range

is not HO percent better limn others. My superior location on
Lake Krle, where iron, steel, coal, freights and skilled labor are
cheaper and best, enables me to furnish a TOl* NOTCH Steel
Range at a clean saving oi >10 to >20. Send for free catalogues
offlve distinct lines, M) styles and sizes, with or without reaer-
vofr, for city, town or country use.

CHdSTERD CLAPP. 602 fummlt SL, Toledo, Ohio.

(Practic-*! Steel Range Alan.)

Wholesale Prices

Freight

Paid

GOLD COIN RANGES TOO

at the same liberal offer.

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade for nearly
fifty years. In every town where they are not now on sale, we will sell
direct to the user, the

Gold Coin Stoves

(Ranges also) at their wholesale price, sent on approval, safely de¬
livered, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to put in your home. No
stoves are better made or more Highly endorsed. They allow no waste of
fuel; are handsomely ornamented and guaranteed to pleaseyou. Nostove
offer is made anywhere equal to that oi a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not satisfied. This
is the first proposition of this kind ever made by a manufacturer oi a
Standard Trade-Marked Stove.

An old customer writes: “Gold Coin is good enough for
me. 1 have used mine 28 years and it's good yet."

Illustrated Catalogue Free describes our full line of Gold Coin

Ranges and Heating Stoves, ®Write for it to-day.

THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successor to Bussey and McLeod, Est. I860;

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range ou a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond,
there is no better stove or rangd made, and we
save you from $5 to $40 on every purchase, be¬
cause we save you all middlemen’s, jobbers’ and
dealers’ profits. We're manufacturers, not “mail¬
order dealers;" we own and operate one of the
largest and best equipped stove factories in the
world; we guarantee the high q’uality of our
product and ship on trial.

A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No.

Oven
Thermometer I

114.

SEND

Examine our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low price and save
from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Freight Prepaid, blacked, polished and ready for use.
All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

WE
PAY

THE KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

FREIGHT IVe probably can refer yon to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

\

without warming closet or reservoir. With high warming closet, por¬
celain lined reservoir, just as shown In cut, $ 1 3.95. Made with large
oven, six No. 8 cooking holes, regular 8-18 size — body made of cold rolled
steel plate. Burns wood or coal. All nickel parts highly polished,
v am m mm are the most liberal ever made. You can pay after
mm I m If MV you receive the range. You can take It Into your

UUn | til ill own home, use it 30 days, If you do not find It exact-

jpresented, theDiggest bargain you ever saw, equal to stoves sold at
our price, return it to us, and we will pay freight both ways.

AHT TRIP AH miT Send It to us and we will mall you FREE our

UU I I Hid AU UU I • new special Stove Catalogue, describing this
handsome steel range. Also the most complete line of stoves and ranges in
the world. AUshown In large Illustrations, full descriptions, at prices much
lower than any one else can make you. Catalog explains our terms fully.

HAUIT nil v ■ OTnilE of any kind until. you get our now large atovo cata-

UUN I BUT A O I UVt logueaml read about our wonderful stove offers.
Most liberal terms and lowest prices ever made. Also explains how to order

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

8i5

The Case of Olivia.

Mr. Endicott looked toward the street,
and a frown gathered on his face. Mrs.
Endicott’s glai.ee followed his to where
Olivia stood at the end of the gravel
walk, talking to a young man.

“We'll have to put a stop to that busi¬
ness,” said Mr. Endicott severely. “That
fellow !” he added contemptuously. “A
cheap family and a cheap specimen of it.”

“Don’t say anything when she comes
in,” urged Mr*. Endicott anxiously as the
girl came toward the house. “It would
only make matters worse. I have a plan,
and I’ll tell you about it when we can be
alone.”

Olivia came in flushed and smiling, her
eyes bright She seemed happy, but did
not talk much, and helped her mother as
usual about getting tea. That evening,
when the house was still, the father and
mother sat talking.

“What are we going to do about it?”
asked Mr. Endicott. “Forbid his coming
around here? — or send her off some¬
where ?”

“Neither,” said his wife. “I’ve given a
great deal of thought and study to the
question, and 1 think I see how to deal
with it in the simplest and most natural
way. You see it has been going on only
a little while, and has not actually become
serious. She cannot really care for him,
for he is not our kind at all. He has no
education, and he is not interested in the
same things she is, but don’t you see, dear,
he is the only man she secs very much of,
and naturally his attentions flatter her and
she thinks she likes him. If it goes on
she will get the idea firmly fixed in her
mind that he is the only one in the world
for her, and if we waited too long it
would be impossible to change her opin¬
ion, and you know such affairs thrive on
opposition.”

“But what is your remedy?” Mr. Endi¬
cott spoke a little impatiently. “She’s out
of school now, and doesn’t have so much
to take up her mind. I don't see how we
are going to keep her from getting inter¬
ested in any Peter Woodard that happens
along.”

“My idea is that if a girl sees more or
less of a good many men, she isn’t nearly
as likely to make a fool of herself over
one. So I’ve been thinking that you
could let Olivia do all the farm errands at
the village. She will see people then, and
it will occupy her mind and get it off of
that young man, and besides, it will re¬
lieve you of some care.”

“We’ll try it,” said Mr. Endicott du¬
biously, “but I am afraid it is too simple
a remedy.”

The next morning at the breakfast
table, Mr. Endicott said in a casual way,
“Do you suppose you could drive Dolly
over to Greensboro to Mr. Torrey’s to
have her shod?”

“Why. of course I could.” said Olivia,
brightening. “I’d like to, it’s such a love¬
ly morning.”

“Well, help Mother do the dishes and
I’ll have the horse ready for you.”

The dishes were done in quick time,
and Olivia drove off down the street.
“You can wait in the blacksmith’s shop
and learn how to shoe horses yourself.”
her father called after her.

“Why did you send her way over to
Greensboro?” his wife questioned.

“Well, Torrey is an extra nice fellow
and he’s bright and intelligent. Besides,
he doesn’t have the crowd hanging around
that the other blacksmith does. He’ll be
pleasant, and talk to her, and give her
something to think about.”

When Olivia came home she could
hardly wait to get into the house to tell
her mother of her experiences. “I had a
lovely time.” she said eagerly. “The ride
was so pleasant, and Dolly went good.
Then when I got to Mr. Torrey’s I told
him who I was and lie was ever so nice.

I sat down on a nail-keg and watched
him work, and he told me about the
best way to shoe a horse. After he got
the shoes fitted, his man nailed them on
and finished the hoofs off, and while he
was doing that, Mr. Torrey showed me
his upsetting machine, that he sets tires
with, you know. Instead of cutting a
piece out of a tire they heat it red hot
and put it into that machine and squeeze
it together, so as to make it smaller.
And he gave quite a lecture about the
right heat for welding, and showed me
how the temper runs out on a piece of
steel, and that when it is just such a
color it must be put in the water to stop
it, so it won’t be too hard and break, or
too soft and get dull right off. It was a
pickajj: he was sharpening. He had a
whole lot of picks to sharpen ; they are
the ones the Italians are using to dig for
the town water, and the town pays him
for the work. I was really sorry when I
had to come away, he talked so interest¬
ingly. I think he’s as nice as he can be.”

Mr. Endicott was thinking of buying
a cream separator, and the next day he
sent Olivia to a farm six miles away to
see a separator that was in use there.
She came home full of enthusiasm. “I
got there just in time to see it run,” she

said, “and the man was real kind and told
me all about how it worked, and took it
to pieces and showed me how he washed
it. Then lie showed me the engine that
runs it, and the silos where they have
their silage, and the cows, — oh, lovely
cows, nearly a hundred of them.” And
so she ran on, talking of nothing else all
day but the things she had seen.

It was a busy time for Olivia, and at
the end of a fortnight she had added
quite a number of men. to her list of ac¬
quaintances. There was the grocer — her
father began trading at a different store
because the proprietor was a man of in¬
telligence and high character — who talked
with her about topics of the day; the
bank cashier, who had a pleasant word
for her; the grain dealer, who showed her
all over his buildings and explained the
machinery and the new electric motor that
ran it. Everyone knew her father, and
everyone she met seemed pleased to see
her and glad to spend time to tell her
about his work, in which she took a lively
interest. She also had an errand at the
lawyer’s and at the doctor’s, so she had
a look at the professional world.

Olivia laughed as she reviewed the two
weeks. “I don’t know, mother, which I’d
rather be if I were a man, — a blacksmith,
a farmer, a business man, a banker, doc¬
tor. lawyer, electrician, but I think,” and
she laughed again, “that I’d do express¬
ing, as I have been doing, and go errands
that will take me to all these various
places and give me a chance to talk with
all sorts and conditions of men.”

“What do you think?” asked Mrs. End¬
icott of Mr. Endicott, at about this time.

“I think your plan has worked to a
charm,” he said. “She seems so happy
and interested in everything. And be¬
sides all that, you’ve no idea what a help
she is to me. She’s got a level head and
does the errands as well as T could, and
it seems to me I have twice as much time
to work on the farm as I had before. It
is surprising how many errands there are
to be done. I’m greatly pleased with the
plan, and I guess ’we won’t have to worry
about that young sprig any more.”

“I don’t think we will.” said Mrs. Endi¬
cott. “What do you think she said about
him the other day? We saw him going
.by, and she stepped back from the win¬
dow so he wouldn’t see her. ‘It’s too bad
about him,’ she said. ‘I used to think
he was a pleasant boy, but within a few
days I’ve found out that he goes around
with a class of fellows that are not very
nice. I saw him one day and he was act¬
ing like a regular rowdy.’ She didn’t
say anything for awhile and then she
went on, coloring up a little: ‘Since I’ve
seen so many pleasant people — men who
are bright and smart and amount to some¬
thing in the world — I’ve changed my
standards of what a young fellow ought
to be.’ Oh, John! I was thankful when
I heard her say that.”

Mr. Endicott took his wife’s hand in
his and gave it a squeeze, looking at her
admiringly. “You’ve got a great head,
my dear, and I’m proud of you,” he said.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

HOW

Mrs. Keith Made
Christmas Money

MRS. GEORGE KEITH, of
Scranton, Pennsylvania, writes:

“For three years I have paid for
my own clothes, bought Christ¬
mas presents for the children and
earned my own spending money
by representing The Ladies’
Home Journal and The
Saturday Evening Post among
my friends and neighbors. The
prize money received each spring
has been added to the fund
which we are saving to buy our
own home. Any mother will
appreciate how much satisfaction
this has given me.”

IN ADDITION to paying
liberally for every subscription
secured this winter, we shall give

$42,000 CASH^PRLZES

Each month not less than S5000 will
be given to 325 persons who do the
best work during that month. Every¬
thing necessary will be sent on request.

THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Make your own soap
and save money

Cheaper than buying it and you get
the purest and best soap that can be
made. Free from rosin, clay and other
adulterants, and doesn’t harm the skin or
make clothes yellow.

Easily made — no boiling or large kettles
— in ten minutes with a 10-cent can of

Banner Lye

and 5 pS lbs. of clean kitchen grease. That
gives you 10 pounds of best hard soap or
20 gallons of pure soft soap.

Banner Lye has lots of
ither uses. It thoroughly

cleans and disinfects

every room in the
house and insures free¬
dom from dirt and dis¬
ease germs. Great for
washing milk-pails and
butter-tubs, and for
cleaning the dairy.

Banner Lye is not
old-style lye. Odorless
and colorless: packed
in patent safety cans that are easy to open
and prevent waste.

Banner Lye is sold by your grocer or druggist.

Write to us for free booklet, “ Uses of Banner Lye."
The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia USA

In £ weeks tlolnfl? plating?, wrin g M. L. Smith
j of Pa* (used small ouUU), (Sturt an Smith did—
I that/s easy — hundreds already started — new ones
daily — money coming in — goods going out. People
everywhere have tabloware, watches, jewelry.
\jrm ®*c , for the “Gray Plating Man.”

I PsL Practical out 11 tg, all sizes, heavy plate,
||guaranteedt pure gold, silver, nickle
I metal plating, equal to new goods, lat¬
est process, taught free quickly, ex*
perlenee uniiecenHary, all easy,
mi i secrets exposed. Own and Romm &
business at home or travel Itf ail or part time that pays
$15 to #50 weekly — you cati. Write today for new ufft-r,
sample, and hundreds letters from successful agents — free to all.
Gray & Co., Plating Works, OS flliami lildg, Cincinnati, O

EDdystoNE

PRINTS

Simpson - Eddystone

Silver Greys

Economical because they keep their
freshness and wear so long. One dress
made of these goods is worth two made
of ordinary materials. Attractive pat¬
terns of fast color, appropriate all the
year ’round.

Ask your dealer for
Simpson- Eddystone Silver Greys.

Three generations of Simpsons have made
Simpson Prints.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

J

Monarch

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength aud ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also

_ gasoline engines,

— ‘•■I steam engines,

saw mills, thresh-
IT «£?■ ers. Catalog free,

lonarch Machinery Co.. Room 161, 39 Cortlandi St.. New York.

A LEAKY TANK

is au abomination

CALDWELL

Tanks don't leak. They
are made right. We build
tanka of Everlasting Cy¬
press; also White Pine.
We have hundreds we
can reler to in your
vicinity. Send for illim-
trated catalogue u n d
price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, K.y

Life ! I know not what thou art.

But know that thou and I must part;

And when, or how. or where we met,

I own to me's a secret yet.

Life ! we've been long together.

Through pleasant and through cloudy weather ;
Tis hard to part when friends are dear — ■
Perhaps ’twill cost a sigh, a tear;

—Then steal away, give little warning.
Choose thine own time;

•Say not goodnight — but in some brighter
clime

Bid me good morning.

— Mrs. Barbauld.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BARGAINS IN

MEDICINE.

A woman once wrote us
that she was not going to
buy Scott’s Emulsion any
more because it cost too
much. Said she could get
some other emulsion for less
money. Penny wise and
pound foolish. Scott’s Emul¬
sion costs more because it is
worth more — costs more to
make. We could make
Scott’s Emulsion cost less by
using less oil. Could take
less care in making it, too.

If we did, however, Scott’s
Emulsion wouldn’t be the
standard preparation of cod
liver oil as it is to-day.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

fuX Fire, Njl
^ Water and N
Lightning Proof

\Steei Roofing , $1.50 Per 100 Sq. Feet

.he^

"’“terial; 110 expenenre nec.-Bjarv to 7 a hammer or hatchet the only tools you need. At this price

WF PAY THr FRrlHPT “ ! p,,lnt? e**e of Colorado, excepting Oklahoma, Texas and Indian
I” . 'L* 1 ln>- rnciun I Territory. At this price we furnish our No. 15 semi-hardened Hat

inches. At iM.bO this same material currogated as shown in illus-
idmg a.-am. At 50 cents per square advance over above prices we will

, . . . . ... . feet long; $_\2o for brick siding or beaded ceiling or siding. Send us

tha be’«t eU»U i-nwir 8 ® Ipment. Time will prove its enduring qualities. It withstands the elements
the O' st of all coverings. Ask for farther particulars. WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE NO. A M 57
on bur. ding material, wire. pipe, plumbing material, furniture, household goods, clothing ’ etc
We buy at SHERIFFS’ AND RECEIVERS' SALES. 100,000,000 feet of lumber from the World's' Fair

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 35th and Iron Stm., CHICAGO , ILL.

FOR EMERGENCIES AT HOME

And for the Stock on the Farm

NOTHINC EQUALS

SLOANS

LINIMENT

The Great Antiseptic

Price, 25c., 50c. and $ I .OO.

Dr. EARL S. SLOAN,

615 Albany St., Boston, Mass.

8i6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 11

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yorker, November 11, 1005.
FARM TOPICS.

The Farmer and tbe Game Laws . 805

The Land of Cow l’eas and Clover.

Part III . 806

Iland-Power Shredders . son

Virtues of Alsike Clover . SOS

Storing Winter Vegetables . so!)

Harvesting Sunflowers . SO!)

Hope Farm Notes . Sll

Agricultural Conditions in Central On¬
tario, Canada . 813

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Goat's Milk . 807

Milk Room in Cellar . 808

Rutter from Holstein Cream . 81.8

Feeding Young l’lgs . si 8

Some Questions About Sheep . SID

More About Freemartins . 81!)

HORTICT’LTT'RE.

Do Woolly Peaches Resist Rot ? . SO ft

What Ailed (he Sweets? . 80S

The Crothers Peach . 80S

Preventing Tree Rot . 808

Grape for Jelly-Making . 808

Who Knows This Apple? . 80S

Rural isms . 810

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Pay to Pay . 814

Tomato Stains on Linen . 814

Broiling Chickens . 814

The Rural Patterns . 814

The Case of Olivia . 814

MISOELLANEOPS.

“Good Roads” al a Low Cost . 805, 800

Air In a Water Pipe . 807

An Iowa Yankee “Looks Back" . 807

Advantage of Hot Water ileal . 807

Products. Prices and Trade . SO!)

Editorials . 812

Events of t lie Week . 813

Fire Insurance and Lightning Rods.... 8’3

Business' Bits . Si 3

Publisher s Desk . 817

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending November 4, 1005. wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1, Northern Duluth —

# 99

No. 1. hard. Manitoba .

. -r-

Or 98 %

No. 2, red, for export .

. -

Oi 97 Vs

Corn .

- -

Or 58

Oats .

. -

#) 36

Rye . . .

—

Oi 72'/.

Barley, .

Or 03

FEED.

Middlings .

—

#20.00

Spring Bran .

. -

#17.10

Red Dog .

. -

#22.40

Cottonseed meal .

(a 28.00

Linseed meal .

. -

@30.50

Retail Western New York.

Spring Bran .

19.00

Oi 20.00

(a 24.00

Red Dog .

—

(a 25.00

Corn and oats .

24.00

fa 28.00

Hay and straw.

Hay, No. 1 .

lfi.50

#17.00

No. 2 .

14.50

@15 50

No. 3 .

12.50

#14.00

Clover, mixed .

12.00

# 1 3.00

Clover .

12.00

#13.00

Straw, long rye .

14.00

@15.00

MILK.

New York Exchange price

three

cents per

quart to 26-cent zone shippers.

BUTTER.

One cent lower.

Creamery, first quality .

22

# 22 v,

Lower grades .

1GV.

Or 21 i/.

State Dairy .

. 16

# 22

Imitation Creamery .

. 17

# 1 9

Factory .

. 15

# 17 V.

Renovated .

. 15

Or 20

Backing Stock .

. 10

@ 17

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

- .

# 1 3 14

Fair to choice .

12 V.

# 1 3 'A

Light skims .

10%

(d> 1 1

Full skims .

4 Vi

@ 7

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

, -

# 35

Selected, white, choice .

. 30

(a 33

Mixed, extra .

. -

# 28

Nearby, fair to good .

. 24

# 20

Western and southern .

. 23

Oi 27

Refrigerator .

. 18

# 22 Vi

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, Evap., 1905, choice.

. -

# 9

Evap.. 1905, com. to prime

5

# 7

Sun dried, 1904 .

# 5 1 L

Sun dried, 1905, southern.

3 % # 4

Chops, 100 lbs .

.1.75

#1.85

Raspberries, 1905 .

. -

# 215

Cherries, 1905 .

. 14

# 1 5

Blackberries, 1905 .

. -

# 9

FRESH FRITH

Apples, Twenty Ounce .

#4.00

Snow .

. 2 50

Oi 3 50

Pound Sweet . .

#3.50

Maiden Blush .

#3.50

Fall Pippin .

fa 3 50

Spitz .

. 2.50

Oi 4 00

Baldwin .

#3.50

King .

0/5.00

Hubbards ton .

(a 3.50

Spy .

#4.25

Greening .

.2 50

0/4.00

Ben Davis .

0/3.50

Culls and windfalls .

.1.00

0/2.50

Pears, Seckel and Bartlett. .

0/8.00

Bose .

0/4.50

Clalrgeau .

0/4.00

Anjou .

#4.00

Louise Bonne .

#3.25

Sheldon .

.2.50

#4.50

Kieffer .

.1.00

#2.25

Quinces bbl .

. 1 .00

#3.50

Peaches, V>-bu. basket .

25

#1.00

Grapes, 18-Ib. case .

. 75

#1.25

4-lb. basket .

1 0

# 10

Cranberries, bbl .

. 7.00

#10.00

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu .

#7.00

Hickorynuts, bu .

#2.25

Buternuts, bu .

@ 75

- VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, L. I., 180 lbs .

State A Jersey, round sorts...

Long kinds .

Sweet potatoes, bbl .

Brussels sprouts, quart .

Beets, loo bunches .

Carrots, bbl . . . . . .

Cabbage, 100 .

Celery, dozen .

Cucumbers, bid .

Cauliflowers, bbl .

Eggplants, bbl .

Lettuce, dozen . .

Lima Beans, bu .

Onions, Conn., white, bbl .

Conn., yellow .

Conn., red .

Orange Co., yellow, bag. . . .

Orange County, red .

Long Island, bbl .

Peppers, bbl . . . . . . .

Peas, s'n. 14 -bbl .

Spinach, bbl .

String Beans, s’n. basket .

Squash, Hubbard, bbl .

Marrow .

Turnips, Ruta baga, bbl .

Tomatoes, bu .

2.23

2.12

2.00

1.12

8

75

75

2.50
15

2.00
1 .00

1 .50
10

1 .00

2.50
1 50

1 .50
1.50
1.25
1.50
1.00
1 .00

50

15

75

50

75

50

BEANS.

Marrow

Medium

Pea .

Red kidney
Yellow Eye

HOPS.

N. Y. State, choice
Common to fair .
German, 1005 .

, 1 .50
. 2.75
1 .50

18

15

30

# 2.62
#2.25
#2.15
#1.75
# 12
#1.00
fa 1 .25
(a *.00
0/ 50

#8.00
#1.75
0/ 2.50
Or 1 5
#2.00
(a 4.50
(a 2.25
fa 2.00
(a 2.12
Oi 1 .75
Or 2.00
Or 1 .50
#2.00
Or 85
Or 75
#1.00
fa 75
Or 1.12
fa 1.25

#2.80
Oi 2.00
Oi 1.75
(a 2.80
Oi 1 .85

# 2S

LIVE POFLTRY.

Chickens • . .

Fowls .

Roosters .

Turkeys .

Pucks, pair .

Geese, pair .

Pigeons, pair .

DRESSED
lb. .

POT

. . . 00
...1.12

I .TRY.

. . . 16

or

Or

#

Oi

Oi

fa

Or

(a

(a

18

40

10

11

7

14

so

1.0

Spring Turkeys,

Old Turkeys .

Chickens, fey, broilers. Hi.

Fair to choice .

Prime roasters .

Fair to good .

Fowls . : ■

1 tucks . 1

Geese .

Squabs, prime, dozen.

Mixed and dark . . .

14

•i'i

To

15
12

ir

. . 3.00
. . 1 .oo

#

#

#

Or
OH
Oi
Oi
Oi
#
#4.00
75

20

15

24

20

21

18

14

10

18

(a 1
MEATS.

COUNTRY-DRESSED

Veal, calves. II) .

Pork .

Roasting Pigs .

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers, 100 lbs. . . .

Oxen and stags .

Bulls .

Cows .

Milch cows with calves...

Calves, veal . • •

Culls .

Sheep .

I. a mbs .

FARM CHEMICALS.
Prices named are for car lots,
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of soda..... .

Muriate of Potash .

Acid Phosphate . —

Kainit . .

Dried B'ood .

WILD GINSENG.

Southern, lb . 6.50

Western .

Northern . <• ,0

. 10

# 1 1 V-

45

# 8%

. 10

# 14

#5.00

. 75.75

0/3.05

. 2.25

(a 3.75

.1.40

0/3.00

25.00

0/ 50.00

Oi 8.50

. 3.00

0/ 4. HO

0/5.50

@7.50

, Single

#52.00
(a 42.00
(a 14.00
#12.00
Or 52.00

#0.75
#7.o0
f i 7.50

WANT TO KNOW.

Four-IIorsk Equalizer. — Will some reader
of The It. N.-Y. send a diagram and speci¬
fication of a four-horse equalizer to he used
on grain harvester with three horses on one
side and one on the other side of pole.

Fulton, N. Y. M. w.

Spring Pole for Drilling. — A number of
years ago I read in some farm paper how to
drill a well with a spring-pole outfit. As I
remember, the writer said, the spring-pole
outfit was used in boring for coal in the coal
regions. IIow large a hole can one drill j
and about how deep? F. e. k.

Troy, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Buy Union Lock Poultry Fencing

of Case Bros. , Colchester, Conn. Descriptive circular
and price list FREE.

BIG) PREMIUM BUDGET

v Al ||p 100 Money-making Secrets.
im-UL. 20 Popular Songs, Words and Music,
in 100 Practical Cooking Recipes.

I VI Magical Tricks, and (E! Puzzles.

nCWTC 57 Amusing Experiments, and 02 Games.
rUn 20 Portraits of Presidents of U. S.

V UR 25 Portraits of Famous Actresses.

• I ■ 100 Conundrums, and 10 Short Stories.

ALL 324 Jolly Jokes and Witty Sayings.

Tiircr 10 Model Love Letters.

I UloL 20 Amusing Illustrated Rebuses,
post- 22 Secrets of the Toilet,
paid. Language of Flowers, Gems, etc., etc.
HOME SUPPLY CO.. D5i), 438 Pearl St., New York-

Pills Itself

Instantly at
i any Ink-well,

THIS
WAY.

AGENT5 WANTED

FOR

THE STANDARD

Self-filling. Self-cleaning

Fountain Fen.

ACTIVE, NOW, for CHRISTMAS!

Manufacturer’s Agent,

205 W. 104th Street and Broadway,
Room 1, New York.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Bernes,
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited’

34 & 30 Little 1 2th Nt„ New York.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But¬
ter. Eggs, etc., to bring Top Market Prices; send to¬
day for our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request
F. H. KEELER & CO,,

104 Murray Street, New 1»rk.

Thanksgiving Poultry,

Apples, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO.. 100 Murray St.. New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,’

228 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

ATTENTION

favor us with your orders. Mail
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N

Needing male

_ help of any kind,

Mail orders a Specialty.

W A NTi n A» active, up-to-date married man
tt ail I L.I/ to take charge of a 140 acre farm in
Biair County, Penn. Want a man who can success¬
fully raise truck and chickens. Address,

A. B. 0., care Rural New-Yorker, New York.

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry.-, Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

FOR RENT.

Game,

1 Poultry

Mushrooms,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs, I

S ancy Eggs.

VIRGINIA FARMS

$8 per Acre and up

with improvements. Good productive soil, abundant
water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail¬
road and good markets with best church, school and
social advantages. For list of farms, excursion rates
and our beautiful pamphlet showing what others
have accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LA
BAUME. Agrl. and Indl. Agt., Norfolk & Western
Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

WANTED A small farm in or very near a
if Mil I LU ■ pleasant town or village where there
are gooil schools. The place must bo healthy, pleas¬
ant to live upon and suitable for fruit raising. A
small stream is desired and if possible a water, mount¬
ain or broad flat view. The building site must not he
shut in. The place must tie within three or four hours
of New York City. Address “TEACHER”, care of
Rural New-Yorker.

A fine farm In Carroll Co. Md.,
200 acres; 00 being meadow; well
watered by springs and two streams; ample farm
buildings and hay barracks; new tenant house; wells
at tenant house and barn. Possession at any time;
money rent. The mansion, 21 room fully furnished,
would be let with farm to a suitable tenant. Trolley
between Baltimore and Frederick will be running a
mile from farm within a year. A. P. GORDON-
CUMMING, Freedom, Carroll County, Md.

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

Reliable New Jersey Farms— Large stock and dairy
farms, highly improved. Productive truck and fruit
farms, small farms, country-seats, country homes and
mansions. We do not handle low grade farms on easy
terms, nothing we cannot conscientiously recommend.
Send for lists.

A. W. DRESSER, Burlington, N. J.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

BUSINESS MANAGER WANTED in every
u town to manage branch office and superintend
force of salesmen; big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can be managed with other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen,
Newark, New York, Dept. A.

T wenty-five Bushels

of WHEAT

to the Acre

means u productive capacity
in dollars of over

$16 per Acre

This on land, which has cost
the farmer nothing, but the
price of tilling it, tells its own
story. The

Canadian
Government

gives absolutely free to every settler
160 acres of such land.

Lands adjoining can be purchased at
from $6 to $10 per acre from railroads
and other corporations.

Already 175,4)00 farmers from the
United StateB have made their homes
in Cunada.

For pamphlet “20th Century Canada,”
and all information apply to Supt. of
Immigration, Ottawa, Canada; or to
TIIOS. DUNCAN, Canadian Government Agent

Syracuse Rank building, SYRACUSE, N. ¥•

Mention this paper.

Bargain Sale of Strictly Choice Standard Bred 0. 1. C. Swine

For 30 Days Only.

I am obliged to make a change in my Hog plant and must reduce my stock at sacrifice
prices. 1 have a fine lot of Gilts weighing 125 to 175 pounds, well worth $‘45 to $34),
going in this sale at $145 to $18. Gilts bred, *‘~0 ; worth *35. Boars same age and
weight at same cut price. A host of Fall Pigs, fine as silk, in pairs and single; standard
price, *25 in pairs, *15 single, in this sale for 30 days only, *23 in pairs. *12
single, prices that are in the reach of all. 1 may never again be able to make such a
grand offer. Write promptly to secure these great bargains. In Business Over 24) Years.

M. L. BOWERSOX. Bradford, Darke County, Ohio.

HEEBNER’S “union’' feed and ensilace cutters

■ ■ ■■ are the only thoroughly up-to-date machines in dry fodder cutting. They cut

and crush at one operation. Prepare the nutritious lower stock, making an excellent and much relishod foo<L No
waste. Easy to masticate. It is easier to grow two ton* of fodder than one tom of hay on the
same ground. Fodder is equal to hay in feeding value. The corn itself is clear gain. Shred¬
ding attachment for 96.00. You then have cutter, crusher ami shredder combined in one.

Not much more expensive than other machines, but far more valuable. Bend for free booklet

RERUN ER Jk SONS, 22 Broad St, Lunsdule, Pa.

WE GUARANTEE

2-Roll,
4-Roll,
and
6-Roll,

Doan oi Mounfitf.

JVrite to-day for
free Catalogue.

that under the
same conditions
as to power and
speed applied, condition of corn, etc,.

The Appleton
Corn Husker

will do more and better work than any other ma¬
chine of like character and corresponding size „n
the market, that, itis simpler in construction; easie.
in every way to operate; easier and safer to feed and
to require less power for successful operation. The
proof of these claims is sent for the asking We
make also a complete tine of sweep and tread horse
powers, shellers, ensilage and fodder cutters, feed
grinders, wood saws, windmills, etc. Remember
that Appleton quality lathe standard ol excellence.

APPLETON HFG. CO., 27 Fargo St., Batavia? Ills .

STOP THAT COUGH

JAYNE’S

EXPECTORANT

GET IT FROM YOUR DRUGGIST,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

8i7

PUBLISHER'S DESK.

A subscriber from Indiana sends us an
advertisement of The Veterinary Science
Association, London, Canada, and two
letters which they have sent him in reply
to his inquiry. The advertisement is
headed “Fanners’ Sons Wanted.” It
promises $(50 a month and expenses. In
the first letter he is offered $(50 a month,
promised $50 a month for expenses and
advance of $240 in salary for the second
year. How does he want his salary paid,
by the month or week? They are just
itching, it would seem, to get the money
to him. It is so easy, it seems like find¬
ing money. The work is to be :

Looking after the advertising and agents,
shipping goods, attending to correspondence,
keeping track of the business and such other
work as the office duties may require.

That certainly seems like a snap, and
no wonder the young man wrote back
that he was ready to go to work. From
their anxiety to have a man in this par¬
ticular field, one would expect a prompt
engagement, but no. The young man
would require some preparation to fit him
for the work. For this he needs a book.
It is their book. It is a large book. It
is a valuable book. If the young man
will send on $3 they will send him the
book. 'J hat is as far as negotiations
have gone yet. If the young man should
send for the book, they would then prob¬
ably want him to demonstrate his ability
to fill the position by sending on a further
remittance for some other valuable pro¬
duct, and so on. It is the old scheme.
Under the promise of an easy job and
big money at home, you are in¬
duced to make a remittance for some¬
thing you don’t want and wouldn’t buy.
The promise of a salaried position is a
fake pure and simple, and one of the
meanest fakes of which we have any
knowledge. We refused this advertising
years ago, and would not carry a line of
it under any consideration. Put this in
the list of things to be let alone.

If J he R. N.-Y. is not bright and
readable, it certainly is not the fault of
its readers. Almost every mail brings us
letters on one subject or another, with
suggestions bright and snappy enough to
liven up the dullest mind. Here is one
of them :

I wish to thank you for (he list of the

(he last copy

been in corre¬
spondence with II. L. S. Hall. Scottsvllle,
N. Y., in regard to a Jersey bull, but bis
“cake is all dough” now as far as this
“chicken” is concerned. Registered stock
costs enough when one gets a “square deal.”

I have been a subscriber to your paper for
nearly 15 years. n. r. M.

New York.

The idea expressed in the symbol
“minus square” is original and clever.
The expression drives home the thought
in a way to make it stick. Our work
puts us in correspondence with the ablest
minds of professional and business men
in all parts of the world, and yet some
of the cleverest and brightest letters we
get come from subscribers in their farm
homes. This is a tribute to the farm fire¬
side that we are glad to be able to ac¬
knowledge. There is probably no other
paper in the world that is able to say it,
because no other stands in so close and
confidential a relation to such a large
number of progressive and cultured farm¬
ers. Why do we speak of it? Why,
sir, we are proud of it !

We receive several letters every day
expressing approval of our work in pro¬
tecting readers against fakes of one kind
and another, as well as of other features
of the paper. Other farm papers are get¬
ting thousands of dollars a year for these
advertisements, which we refuse and
openly denounce. But see the logic of
the situation. These advertisers pay
money to the papers for the privilege of
looting the readers. They get the money,
or they would not continue the adver¬
tising. In this way the publisher be¬
comes an accomplice in the theft for a
share of the loot. His guilt is especially
criminal when lie disarms vour suspicion
by assuring you of the reliability of the
deceptive advertiser.

If you are one of those who approve of

— | | (minus square) in

of The R. N.-Y. I liave Just

our course in this matter, this is the
time to express practical approval by
speaking of the paper to your neighbor
and sending in his subscription. We will
give him a ten-weeks’ trial for to cents.
Can’t you send a few of these dimes?

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

[XXXXXXXXXXXXTXX?

Nothing knocks out and
disables like

Lumbago and Sciatica

Nothing reaches the trouble
as quickly as

St. Jacobs Oil

Known the world over as

The Master Ctire
for Pains and Aches

H

N

H

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Ht

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Price, 25c. and 50c.

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N

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

DON’T
LET
HIM
SUFFER

SEND
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ABSOLUTELY
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ONLY POSITIVE

AND

PERMANENT

CURE

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PACKAGE

be

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or your money will
refunded.

$1 PACKAGE will

cure ordinary cases.
Sent post paid on
receipt of price.

AGENTS WANTED

REMEDY COMPANY
rilTSBUR (j II PA.

r CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHIOX

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROHERTSON,
Forestvllle, Conn.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
■Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.

EVERYDAY

by feeding green bono, freah out— rich In protein »n<l
•11 other egg olemente. liens produce twice tho eggs
moro fortlle, better hatches, heavier fowls, oarlior
broilers, bigger profits.

MANN'S LATEST MODEL BONE CUTTER

OUts all bone, meat and gristle, cover clogs. 10 DATS
rREE TRIAL. No money In advance. Rotuin at our
expense if not satisfied. Catl'g free.

F. W. Minn Co., Box 15, Milford, Mast.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Vetorinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prln.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

■has been used by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teethiug for over Fifty Years. 1
It soothes the child, softens tho gums, allays <
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is tho best i
remedy for diarrhoea,
i TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Resist er*1

fc Stmtkote

ROOFING

RESISTS WATER

/UTSS

An Unfair Test

Wntor applied under
pressure— yet Hex Flintkoto
r perfectly withstands it. Farm .
buddings will bo perfoctly protected
in all weather if you roof or side
them with Rex Flintkoto— it is

Absolutely Water-tight

It resists fire, snow, heat, cold and
wear, easy to lay— directions and lay¬
ing outfit complete in each roll.

MAY WE SEND YOU SAMPLES

and booklet, together with
photos of Rex Flintkoto
buildings? "Lookfortho
«£-Q Boy” on each roll.

J. A. AW. BIRD* CO.

70 India St. Boston

.DEATH TO HEAVES

NKWTOS’S Hear*. Cough, Pli-
temper and Indigestion Cura.

A reterinary specific for wind,
f-.-jo throat and stomach troubles,
o' " Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

T he N e w ton Kerned jr Co..
Toledo, Ohio.

Dr. Holland’s Medi¬
cated Stock Salt

ha. no rival a. a Conditioner and
Worm Destroyer. A true remedy
for the ill. of stock. Health, Thrift
and Rapid Growth are the results
of its use. Guaranteed to accom¬
plish what it claimed for it. Ten
(10) foods for a cent.

TIIK HOLLAND STOCK R1JIEPY
COMPANY, WKLMiNGTON.OlIIO.
Writ* for Booklet. Agents Wenteo .

[capon

TOOLS'

Big Profits in Capons

Caponizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit with
froo instructions postpaid
$2.50. Capon Book Free.

GEO. P. PILLING & SON,

^PHILADELPHIA, PA.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Clrc. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa.

If your hens are
not laying it’s your
fault. Use Pratts
Poultry Food. It is
a guaranteed egg pro¬
ducer. In use over
30 years.

WOMAN WANTS

The ^butter and egg money |ygQ||£r

is a big item to the farmer’s
wife. Shecan increase her
egg production by feeding EbuS

■Harvey’s Mixed Grains

—a combination of cereals specially suited I
to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it. I
A Money-Saving Catalogue Free.

| HARVEY SEED CO., 83 ELLICOTT ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. I

POULTRY KEEPERS*

The course of “First Lessons in Poultry Keep¬
ing” now running in Farm-Poultry twice a
month, will teach you quickly what would re¬
quire years to learn by experiment. Fifty cts.
a year. Sample free. Farm-Poultry Pub.
Co., Room H, 232 Summer St., Boston, Mass.

R A PRFR 1,UFF »<»<1 WHITE PLYMOUTH

^ ’Rocks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each: $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
nOONAN. Marietta, Lancaster County,' Peuna.

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS— Breeder
of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff and White
Rocks, R. O. and S. C. W., B, and Buff Leghorns: W.
and B. Minorcas: Golden, Silver. Buff and W. Wyan¬
dottes; R. C. and S. C. Blue Andalusians. Hamburgs,
Anconas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna.

FOR SALE

300 choice Buff and Barred P. Rocks
_ and White and Partridge Wyan¬
dottes. Inspection solicited. Prices reasonable.

Dr. S. C. MOYER. Lansdale, Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown N. Y.

so

*Var s Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
Rates free. J.A. UERGEY. Box 8, Telford. Pa.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won twp first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
( ockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue tree. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

5% Safe, Sure, Simple

Assets

$1,750,000

Surplus and Profits

$(150,000

WK cun provo to your ► ntlsfactlon
that your savings Invested with
tho Industrial, will earn 5# and
bo ns safe as when earning a smaller
rnto of interest elsewhere. For over
18 years we havo handled savings
accounts by means of our Blmplo cer¬
tificate s } atom from all parts of the
country and never paid less than
5# Start an account with us at
any time — withdraw when you sec
fit. Karnhigs reckoned for every day
your money is In our care. Under
New York Hanking Department Sup¬
ervision and regularly examined by
same. Write for particulars.

Industrial Savings ami
Loan Co.,

fi TIMES BLDG., BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Before Winter Starts In

tho quickest and best way to make your
roof tight is to use

Arrow Brand
Asphalt Ready Roofing

It comes in rolls already
surfaced with gravel. Any
man can

Needs' no
painting.

Shipments direct from factory.

SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES AND BOOKLETS TO

ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO..

80 Pine Street, New York,

(Beware of cheap imitations and substitutions)

PAYS THE

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE!

AHNo. 9 Steel Wire. Well Galvanized. Weighs
£5 more than most fences. 1 fi to 85c per rod ‘
delivered. We sell ait kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show-
lng HOstyles. Tlio Brown Fence and.
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio.,

THE COIL

[strictly

lAUTOMAT!C

THROUGHOUT

In our horizon¬
tal bure provide*
... ... . a life end ela*-

ticity found In no other fence.
Trees may full across or run-awny
(teams run into it. but remove the
pressure and the fence resumes its
former upright position. Write ns.
t’AQE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO*.
If ox 7 68, Adrian. Mleh,

Cyphers Incubator

guaranteed to hatch more and healthier
chicks than any other or your money back.
Absolutely self regulating-. 5 Price $6.50
^and up. Send for 212 pngo (8x11 Inches) catalogue
and poultry guide. Free, if you lend us names of
two friends interested In good poultry. Write 4o
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO

. . ,wv. w I rntrxo muuOA I %Jr% U U

Buffalo. Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas City or San Franolsoo.

SQUABS

are raised in one month:
bring big prices. Money
makers for poultrymen,
farmers, women.

.Send for our Frek Book and learn this
'rich industry. Correspondence invitedfWL
Plymouth Rook Squab Co.,

335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

Gbotce Si ock for Sa le.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Legho ms
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c : dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N J

WRIGHT’S ,v

WHITE WYANDOTTE Choice

- _ Cockerels. Duston Strain. $1.25 each.

GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville. N Y

ET L> A I C — Very nice pure bred
r_W|a OMLC. WHITE HOLLAND

s. MARY H.
York.

_ _ _ ing U _

SPINK, Rodman, Jefferson Co., New

CCD p p TO— Good Rat and Rabbit Hunters. Get our
I LI1IILIO price list before you buy. Address,
SHADY LAWN FERRET FARM, New London.Ohio.

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.
Prices and Circular FREE.

Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, O.

FOR SALE

MALE AND FE-

-rr. r, — - — . MALE E L K at

I he Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint, Michigan.

9 I 0-80 For 9

I 2 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect In construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day. 9 m

OEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III

POULTRY

OOOOOOOOO

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ We keep ev-

, POU lYr ylin E-f.n!(SS:S£f.T„lhu!

jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything—
jit s our business. Call or let us send vou
> our Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for'the
) asking — it's worth havinp.

>Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co..

> Pop H. G . 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City1 1 •

— >coooooooooooooco

ELS^S.OoJpFLLtrrefl ,PoL„yM0DTH COCKER-
**• L. WOODIN, Mechanicville. N. Y.

FflR 9AI F Barred and White Plymouth Rock
1 • 11 Stock. First class stock at low

prices. Pleasant View Farm, R.F.D.. Seward, N. Y.

250

MANOKIN WHITE LEGHORN

COCKERELS, 75c. each, if ordered im¬
mediately. R. B. Pusey, Princess Anne. Mil

Registered angora goats.— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMROU1LLET RAMS.

and information.

MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus. N. Y,

8i8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 11,

Live StockandDairy

BUTTER FROM HOLSTEIN CREAM.

One of our readers wants to know whether
the cream from Holstein cows requires spe¬
cial treatment for butter making. He says
he bad two cows, one a Jersey and one a
Holstein. \Yhen the cream was mixed the
butter came properly and made a good arti¬
cle. He was obliged to sell the Jersey cow,
and now he says the cream from the single
Holstein will not churn as the mixed cream
did. In your experience, is there any dif¬
ference in the churning quality of the two
kinds of cream? In case there is. what
treatment would you give Holstein cream in
order to get the best results from it for but¬
ter making?

Butter is made from the fat in milk,
and is about 85 per cent pure fat. This
fat is found in globules which are in sus¬
pension in the milk ; that is, floating
around in it. These are of varying size,
and can be . seen under the microscope.
These all have a very thin, hard outer
covering. The fat globules found in av¬
erage Jersey milk are larger in size, and
where milk tests live to six per cent are
quite numerous. In Holstein milk run¬
ning 2J/2 to four per cent they are very
much smaller, and of course less numer¬
ous. In churning we break up this outer
covering of the fat globules, and they
are united to form butter. As the Jer¬
sey globules are larger they break up and
unite .more easily than the Holstein.
This is the whole thing in a nutshell.
The only thing I can suggest is thorough¬
ly to ripen the Holstein cream before
churning. h. g. Manchester.

The butter-fat globules of Holstein
milk arc smaller than from the Jersey.
The cream rises with more difficulty, and
also churns more slowly, and would be
more troublesome to handle. This is
especially true if the cream is raised by
the gravity methods. If the facilities for
ripening are complete, and a separator is
used, there should be no trouble in mak¬
ing butter from any kind of milk. This
brings to mind an experience of 15 years
ago. We were to begin the manufacture
of butter at the close of the cheese fac¬
tory season, when milk was all so-called
stripper milk. Some of our patrons said
we could not make the butter come in
Winter; that they always had trouble
then. We took this same stripper milk,
put it through a separator, ripened it
with care and it churned out as quickly
and as freely as it did later when we had
milk from fresh cows. Probably 90 times
out of 100 all of this fuss and trouble
with butter comes from improper ripening
and handling of the cream.

H. E. COOK.

Conditions often arise under which it
is difficult to cause butter to come. This
condition is most likely to take place
when cows have been long in milk. At
this time the fat globules are smaller and
harder, and the milk is often more viscous
than with fresh cows. These conditions
make it more difficult for the fat globules
to -stick together in the cream when
churning. Cotton seed in the ration tends
to make the fat globules harder, and a
higher temperature of the cream is nec¬
essary in churning. Thin cream is more
difficult to churn than heavy cream. A
low temperature is unfavorable to quick-
churning, and sour cream churns more
readily than sweet. In the case under
consideration T would advise that as little
milk as possible be taken off with the
cream ; add a pint of sour milk to the
cream 12 hours before churning, and let
stand in a warm place, and churn at a
temperature of 70 to 72 degrees.

Conn. Agl. College. c. l. beach.

I imagine that the difficulty of your cor¬
respondent, which occurred as soon as his
Jersey was sold, was due to the fact that
the Holstein cow was well advanced in
her period of lactation. At such times the
cream of any cow is churned with greater
difficulty than when she is fresh or giv¬
ing a large flow of milk. It might be

also that the character of feed was rad¬
ically changed about the time the Jersey
cow was sold. I do not think the breed
was wholly or even in large part respon¬
sible for the marked change that is re¬
ported. As the fat globules in Jersey
milk are larger than those in Holstein
milk we would naturally expect cream of
the former to churn the easier, but when
cream is well ripened and handled it is
doubtful if any great advantage would be
noticed. R. a. pearson.

Cornell University.

FEEDING YOUNG PIGS.

Will you tell me which would be better feed
for young pigs, new sweet milk just as it
leaves the hand separator, or milk that has
stood until sour? I can feed it sweet and
warm, or I can let it stand and sour. Would
it he best to feed the same until pigs are one
year old? H. H.

Clymer, N. Y.

If by young pigs is meant pigs from four
to six weeks old, I would advise feeding sweet
milk at first, gradually changing to sour, for
1 think pigs over two months old would do
best on slightly sour milk. If the swill bar¬
rel was washed out, and scalded occasionally
the pigs would do enough better to pay for
it. Too sour milk is not as good as milk
slightly sour. It is said the lactic; acid de¬
veloped by the chemical changes in the milk
sugar during the souring of milk renders the
grain food more digestible. Pigs under wean¬
ing age should have sweet milk, and if they
have lost their dam feed the milk warm, di¬
luted, and add a little sugar. It will pay
to feed grain in addition to the milk. Feed
four pounds of milk to one of whatever grain
is fed at first, and lessen the proportion of
milk as the animal approaches marketable
age. I would not feed a hog for a year if it
was intended for market; eight or nine
months is plenty long enough. In regard to
feeding sweet or sour milk, why not experi¬
ment with two pens of hogs, feeding one pen
warm sweet milk, and feeding the other milk
allowed to sour, and thus settle the question
to your own satisfaction and profit? Write
for Bulletin 199 of the Cornell Experiment:
Station, and ask your Congressman to obtain
for you Bulletin 47 of the Bureau of Animal
Industry. Read them carefully; they are
summaries of the conclusions of careful ex¬
perimenters: then try the experiment for
yourself. It would be’ interesting and profit¬
able. n. T.

Not BETTER than the BEST,

BUT .

BETTER

THAN THE

REST

IS THK

RECORD

OF THE

PARSONS

"LOW-DOWN” WAGON WORKS,

BUILT AT

EARLVILLE, N. Y.

\ Lady can hold him.

TR I A

ofthe BEERY BIT
FOUR D ITS IN ONE

(iire* Kickers, tinnawajs, Fullers,
Skyers, cie. Send for hit on Ten
Days’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Frnf j.q. Beery, Flcasant Hill, Ohio.

AND

HIDES

1 0 to b 0% more moDey for you to ship Raw Furs,
Ilorse and Cuttle Hides to us than to sell at home
Write for Price List, market report, shipping tags

feooK Hunters’andTrappers’fiuitle

.Bent thing on the Bubject ever written.
^Illustrating all Fur Animals. Cloth
^ bound. 300 pages. Price®1.50. XoHide
and Fur Shippers, #1. Write today.
AHDEKSCH BROS. Ocpt. Minneapolis, Minis

COOK YOUR PEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. 03- Send for circulars
IX K. SPERRY & CO.. Batavia, Ill

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
Also, Spanish Bred Jacks.

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
Write for what you want.

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexiugto. , Ky.

Lame horse? Stiff
leg? Rheumatism? A
bad sprain? Quickly—
Pratts Veterinary
Liniment, a marvelous
pain destroyer, a
wonder worker.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,

Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odorless and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags and
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list. 1

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

SHROPSHIRE RAMS.

Large and heavy wooled.
NUTWOOD FARMS, R.

Prize winners. Im¬
ported and home bred.

F. D. 4. Syracuse, N. Y.

50 LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 50

50 Spring, Summer and Fall Pigs from mature sire and
dams, representing the best English and American
breeding, pairs and trios not akin. All pod. animals at
reasonable prices. Richard H. Stone, Trumansburg, NY

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

_ yvaj

F. J. SOU '

LUTZ, Fast Pliarsalia, N. Y.

0 1 A PIGS, August and September farrow,

a I ■ Ub also mature sows. Bred and registered ;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages : both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville. N. Y.

H

Breeders’ Directory

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH GLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

IF. F. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.32 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent lat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. ail in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs,
RIVEN BURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

TTTITT.T. F'iYniYI

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, I’ougliquag, N. Y.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 135 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred But,!. Cai.vks.

A. A. COKTELYOTT. Neshanic N. J

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send prmtal card for 64-page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vi.

On Thursday, Nov. 10, 1905, I will dispose of the fol¬
lowing herd of Jersey cattle, at public sale:— One stock
bull, Six cows, all registered. Two heifers in calf, Two
heifer calves, and Three yearling bulls, all eligible.
Sale to be held on my farm near Reading and to com¬
mence at 1.30 P. M. GEO. A. RICK, Reading, Pa.

Large English Berkshires, $5 each; pairs not related,
$9.50. 9 Shropshire Ewes cheap. B. P. Rock and Buff
Orpington cockerels $1 up. W. A. Lothors, Lack, Pa.

GENTLEMAN FARMERS desiring bargain in fancy

XX* OHIO IMP. CHESTER WHITE SWINE

call on me immediately. Examination only true test.
Letters cannot do them justice. Two Boars, three
and one year respectively, and a Sow safely in pig by
the former. Am retiring from business, cause ot
sale. Again I repeat, don’t write come and see them.
The elder Boar and Sow easily took first prizes at
Westchester County Fair this year. Some wise man
is going to get a big bargain here, if he acts quickly.
Pedigrees furnished. _ ,

L. T. CARTER Rockville Center, New York.

Jeg. t Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser
vice Boars, have stock returned, re-
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
_ _ Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cowu

mCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed J une 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1003. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

FOR SALE ready for service; also BULL CALVES
from 80 pound cows with oi dinary feed and care.
None of our cows are fed for 7 or 30 days test. Wm. B.
Clark, Mngr.," Long Meadows,” Baldwinsville, N. Y.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price.
K. F. SHANNON, 905 f ibo-tv st.. Pittsburg, Pa.

WANTFn-Fi£teen extra Good Young; fresh
if nil I LIJ Milk Cows, about four years old. No

Holsteins.

, pure!

C. E.

HAMILTON, Cliazy, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Mano"
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices on
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

$25

You can buy registered Hol¬
steins at Star Farm $25 to
$50 per head less than else¬
where. Isn't that worth saving ?

$50

4- p, C.

14.2 p. c,

The milk of the entire herd
has averaged over 4 p. c.

Butter Fat for the year 1905. Isn’t that just as
important as prices ?

266 Head to select from 266

Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N. Y.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM,

LAFAYETTE, INDIANA.

J. CROUCH & SON, Proprietors

Largest Importers of Oldenburg German Coach, Percheron and Belgian
Stallions in America Have Impoi 357 head in the last fifteen months.
We
our

• - — --uo- Portland, Oregon, at the American Koy!- - - -

Missouri, and at the Toronto Exposition at Toronto, Canada, and all tho leading .State r airs and Horse
Shows in th ■ United States in the last two years. We have the prize winners of the world and our prices
are no higher than others. Write us for further information. J* OBOltli A: SON, Larayette,
Indiana, Staunton, Virginia and Nashville, Tennessee.

We have just received in our Barns from Europe, 100 Head of HIGH CLASS GERMAN
COACH, PERCUEKON and BELGIAN STALLIONS.

If you are going BULL, and will write us

to buy a ^ ■ a _JL ™ * b-J-XJ just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that w-ill convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-IIastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

1005.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

«l9

SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT SHEEP.

J would like .some information in regard to
sheep raising. 1 have a flock of 48 ewes.
Would it be advisable to divide this flock in
Winter for best results? Also, which is the
best breed of sheep for wool and mutton?
Some say “whichever you like the best" but
this is poor advice to one who is not ac¬
quainted with the different breeds. How much
should a ram weigh to head a flock
satisfactorily? I would also like to know
how to make the best kind of a feed rack.
I)o bells keep dogs away from sheep? o. it.

New York.

Forty-eight ewes are not too many to
keep in one flock if the pen is large
enough. If they are mutton sheep a place
30 feet square will be ample; if they are
fine wools, such a pen would hold GO or
65 with comfort. If the building is par¬
tially filled up with racks, allowance
should he made for them.. The less ob¬
structions the better, as the sheep are lia¬
ble to crowd against the sharp corners,
and injure themselves when they become
heavy with lamb.

I have tried several styles of racks and
h.ave found nothing better than is shown
herewith, placed all around the sides of
the pen. Then the whole space can be
given to the sheep with nothing to crowd
against, 'flic hay rack on top prevents
the sheep getting in the feed trough; and
as they can only put their noses through
the slats, they do not get their wool so
saturated with hay seeds. The feed man¬
gers will catch the coarse parts of the
hay left, and it can he gathered up. and is
readily eaten by horses. 1 always keep a
couple of idle horses next to my sheep
in Winter, and such hay will go a long
way toward their support. These man¬
gers must he carefully swept each time
before the grain or roots are fed. We
feed the grain on the roots. These racks
may also be made double, as shown,

and set away from the wall. Then the
sheep can feed from each side, the racks
can be set in the center of the pen, and
when lambing times comes on, make a
partition to divided the flock, separating
those with lambs from the ones that have
yet to lamb, which should always be done
for best results.

The pen should be dry, well ventilated,
and protected from draughts. There
should be a door to shut the flock in at
night or when it is stormy, and to shut
them out when feed is put in. The hay
will then be kept off their backs, the feed
can be evenly distributed in I lie racks
and mangers, and the sheep will not
crowd on one another or the feeder. It
is an advantage for them to have a dry
yard to run in when the weather is fair.
The best breed for wool and mutton is a
question that each advocate of his par¬
ticular breed will answer from his own
viewpoint. All things considered, the
Shropshires or their grades will certainly
be satisfactory. If the pastures are rather
rough and hilly, the Cheviots will be a
close second. If lie has early lambs in
mind, the Dorsets or Tunis.

The weight of a ram is not a very sure
guide as to his real worth. A lamb or
yearling would necessarily weigh much
less than a full-aged sheep. 1 have seen
many good sires so fat as to be almost
worthless. A mature sheep of any of the
above breeds in good stock condition,
should weigh from 175 to 250 pounds.
He should have good, strong, not very
heavy legs ; he square on the rump and
snoulders, with a good breast ; a head not
over large ; a bright eye and above all be
active. A little oats and linseed meal
feed daily to him during the time he is

in service will improve both him and his
offspring.

Bells are a measure of protection to
sheep from dogs. They should be the
small cow bells, that can be heard a long
way, and one on every tenth or twelfth i
sheep. Dogs will chase sheep so belled,
as 1 know to my sorrow, but they are not
so likely to. The bells will give the
alarm, and often save the flock, and be
the means of getting the dog, in itself a
great source of gratification.

In answer to a query some time back
relative to silage for sheep, it is a most
excellent food. They become very fond
of it, and it will tend to keep their bowels
in good condition, and stimulate the milk
flow. Last year when the major part of
our root crop was frozen in, we fed more
of it to our sheep than ever before, and
while not quite so good as roots, I can
but speak of it in the highest terms.

E. VAN ALSTYNE.

MORE ABOUT “ FREEMART1NS."

Fkeemautins That Bred. — Having just
read the inquiry from E. W. W. on page 771
there came to mind an illustration of the
subject which I thought you might like to
hear. Some years ago a cow on my father's
farm dropped twin calves, one a male and the
other a female. The male animal was
castrated when young, and killed at lietween
two and three years of age. The female
animal was raised and bred without any
trouble and two or three years ago, at the
age of about nine years, herself dropped
twins. Miles says there are only a few cases
on record, and of course this instance does
not prove it otherwise. However, it shows
that it is possible to breed from “free-
martins," and it would be my advice to E.
W. W. that he try it in his case if the
cow is a valuable one and he wishes to
perpetuate the strain. H. L. barnes.

It. i. Agricultural College.

I had from a Holstein bull and Jersey cow
twin calves, male and female. Both would
breed. I was told they would not breed, but
I know better. d. g. t.

Decatur, Ind.

I note an inquiry as to the breeding capac¬
ity of a heifer, twin to a bull. A few years
since I had such a pair of calves which I
raised to two years of age. Having heard
that such heifer would not breed I noted her
growth and condition with much interest.
She grew large, strong and vigorous. I put
the two into beef at two years. There was
no difference as to characteristics and con¬
dition of the two save the apparent difference
in sex. a. m. c.

Atwater. N. Y.

I have known of six different freemartin
heifers being raised and none of them ever
bred or even came in heat. One of these
cases decided the fate of several other in¬
stances. A Mr. Edwards, a good hearted old
fellow rather set in his ways and ideas, had
a pet cow drop twin calves, one bull and one
heifer. lie laughed at the idea of the heifer
not breeding, and finally said he would keep
her anyway and lind out one case. The
heifer was an exceptionally line one and he
made a great pet of her for nearly three
years. Finally the neighbors missed her, but
all they could ever lind out was “lie had
grown tired of her following him around."
One day he admitted she never showed any
signs of breeding. While the noted Holstein,
I >e Kol 2d, said to lie the most famous cow
that ever lived, was the property of Henry
Stevens & Sons, she dropped twin calves of
dissimilar sexes. The bull was De Kol 2d's
Butter Boy 3d, well known to all interested
in Holstein matters, but the heifer although
ke"t until about four years old, never bore
a calf, and finally was beefed. h. t.

Dietz Lanterns

Of course when you buy a lantern you want
to get the best one possible. Do you know
that no other lantern in the world gives
anything like the

“Clear, White Light of the

DIETZ?”

That’s the greatest reason, but not the only
reason why people who know all about lan¬
terns always call for the Dietz. A Dietz
Cold Blast lantern means a solderless, non¬
leaking oil pot, means the best Quality of
tin, glass and wire, convenient side lever,
convenience in lighting, extinguishing and
filling, long burning and absolute safety.
If you remember these tilings, you’ll never
let a dealer sell you some ordinary lantern
he may have on his shelves, no matter how
hard he may try. If he won’t get you a
Dietz, write to us. Our little free book
gives lantern pointers — good thing to read
before buying. Write for it.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St., NEW YORK CiTY.

Established 1840.

One Half The Work
With Doubled Profits.

This is what the use of a DE LAVAL CREAM SEPA¬
RATOR means to anyone milking1 three or more cows. It
does away with the handing of ice and water, the washing of
crocks and pans, produces twice the amount of cream and but¬
ter that can be secured by any other process, and leaves the
skimmillc sweet and warm for the calves. By reason of these
great savings a DE LAVAL machine will pay for itself in a
few months, and will continue to earn its cost every few
months during its lifetime, which has proven to be from fifteen
to twenty-five years.

The season of high butter prices will soon be here. NOW is
the time to secure a DE LAVAL machine and prepare to
make the most of these high prices. By doing so the machine
will save enough butter-fat to half pay for itself before the
winter is over. Without a DE LAVAL this butter-fat will
be wasted, which means the loss of just so many dollars.

The local agent, whether you wish to buy a DE LAVAL or
not, will he pleased to call on you and explain the benefits of
the DE LAVAL and our easy paying plan, by which you may
make the machine earn its own cost. Catalogue and particu¬
lars sent free on request. Write to-day.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street
PHILADELPHIA
9 & 11 Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 Cortlandt Street ,
NEW YORK.

121 Youvillo Square,
MONTREAL
75 & 77 York Street
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue.
WINNIPEG.

TUBULARS WRING GOLD FROM MILK

Tubular butter brings 25 to 35 cents. Cream is worth only one cent for stock food. Yet
many farmers have no separator— only half skim their milk by setting— lose 24 cents on
cream fed to stock— and wonder why dairying don’t pay. Tubulars stop tills loss.
Tubulars get the last drop of cream
out of the milk — make big profits. Tubu-

-make big profits. Tubu¬
lars are the only modern separators. Notice
the low can and enclosed gears. Write
for catalog S-153

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO., WEST CHESTER, PA.
TORONTO, CAN. CHICAQO, ILL.

A DOG ON GOOD SCALE

Guaranteed 10 years. Accurate, durable, no
digging, little grading, easily moved.

Knodig Pitless Scales

cost 830 to 850 less than the old style pit scales,
po your own weighing. It soon pays for a
Knodig. Write for a free catalogue.

NATIONAL PITLESS SCALE CO.,

2103 Wyandotte St. Kansas City, Mo.

If you are going to boy a Separator,
you will be interested in our special
cash proposition. The

NATIONAL

Separator is the highest grade ma¬
chine made— that's why there's almost

no repair bills. Slims to a t race ; _

easiest to clean. Write for Book
No. 50. which shews whatmoney willdo.
Th© Hustings Industrial Co.,
General Sales Agents,

I A Salle and Lake Sts., Chicago.

Manufactured by I

National Dairy Machine Co., f
l _ Newark, N. J . ji

stanchion meets the demand for a safe,
strong, convenient fastening— one that af¬
fords the cow perfect freedom when stand¬
ing or lying down. A stanchion operated
without removing your gloves or mittens.
Made of hard wood; does not chill animals
in cold weather. A happy combination of
utility, cow comfort and cleanliness. Holds
cattle securely for dehorning. Hung on
pins or chains as desired. Illustrated
catalogue and prices free.

WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO.
BOS 30 Monroe, Mich.

WARRINER'S

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS
W . B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville.Conn.

A Walking Corn Crib

There are steers that absolutely re¬
fuse to get fat. They stand u p to the
rack and eat their heads oil with the
ideathatfertilizer is what you want.
They are walking Corn Cribs. Dr.
Hess Stock Food will put a steer
likethatover in the protit making
bunch ready and willing to lay on
fat and plenty of it.

DB HESS

improves the digestion, the most vital prin¬
ciple of stock raising, so that the maximum
amount of food is converted into prolit. It is
the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.),
containing tonics for the digestion, iron for
the blood, nitrates to expel poisonous mate¬
rials from the system, laxatives to regulate
the bowels. 1 1 lias the recommendation of
the Veterinary Colleges, the Farm Papers, is
recognized as a medicinal tonic and laxative
by onr own government, and is sold on a
written guarantee at

5^ P€rib.’hlnn1^ 'b; fjiekS: { EX«uSVJntrCrm:<1“

2b lb. pail $1.60. 1 Wr»t anil South.

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog.
I.CRstliHii a penny a day for horse, cow or steer.
If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also Manufacturers of Dr. liens Poultry
Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

820

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 1J, 1905.

buy direct from factory, best

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE! PRICES, Delivered FREE
t-or Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealert
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the

Srwe«M/icnciP,ri.ct3 wil1 s"rPrisc J'011' .^Vrite for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 24 0 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, jv. V.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

Uli to 30 per vent commission

to set order* for our celebrated 'l ens
Coffees, Spices, Kxtracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupon,
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention addresB Mr. J. J. 1J.
?are of

I'HK GREAT AMEKTCAN TEA CO
I*. O. Box 2k9, 31-33 VeseySt., New York

Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth

Docs more work, saws more wood
aud makes more money than any
other outfit at twice its cost
Send for Catalogue MU .

Stoddard Mfg. Co. . Rutland, Vt.

$1000. ji CASH PREMIUMS

for men, women, girls and boys

WHO USE

“INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD”

^i'or Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Colts, Calves,
Lambs, or Pigs. You have as good a chance as
anyone in earning one or more of these spot cash
premiums and you may receive several hundred
dollars without one cent of extra cost to you.
These 24 Cash Premiums are absolutely free
for our friends and customers who are feeding
'international Stock Food”.

Wo Willpxy you 150° In o»,h if thi« engravin* i» not a correct reproduction of the photograph of
Hub hog as sent us by Mr. Wright, said photograph being on file in our office for inspection.

LARGEST HOG IN THE WEST

Union, Oregon.

International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Gentlemen: — I enclose photograph of a hog that is owned
by one of my customera. This hog has been fed “Intarnational
Stock Food * and now weighs over 1100 pounds and is still growing.
This is a big living advertisment for “International Stock Food”
in this part of the country. Yours truly, L. A. WRIGHT.

rru H*T® OfTe.lln.onUI, On File In Onr Offlre And Will Pay Ton $ 1000 Cuh

If They Were Rot Written To Co by IVaetleal Former, ond Stoekbreede™.-**

If you have not received our complete list of these 24
premiums we will mail you one if you write to our office
and request it. The smallest premium is $25.00 cash and
the largest is $125.00 cash.

Daa Patch 1:551 ““Lithograph ABSOLUTELY Free

This Splendid Picture is a Reproduction of a Photograph which was taken by
our own artist. It is 18x24 and in Six Brilliant Colors. It i s as life liko as'
if yon saw Dan coming down the track and showshimpacinga 1 .55# clip
with every foot off of the ground. Every Farmer and Stockman should
* picture of the Fastest harness horso that has ever appeared on earth.
Dan i s in better shape than over this year. In his first public appear¬
ance in 1905 ho paced a milain 1 :59*fc at tho Minnesota State Fair and ho

followed this up in four days with a mile in 1:57*6, with the last quarter

in .‘27*6 seconds, which i s a 1 :50 gait. On Saturday, October 7, at Lexing¬
ton, Ky ., Dan Patch again startled tho world by lowering hia own World’s
record from 1: 56 to 1 :55 Jf. Dan has been eating “International Stock
Food 'every day for three years and it has given him better digestion
and assimilation and more strength, endurance and speed. Ho was not a
champion when we bought him but has broken nine world records since
that time.

Pf DANPATCn 1:55^ 18 OWNED BY INTERNATIONAL STOCK F00DC0.

THIS BEALTIFIL PICTURE MAILED FREE PREPAID IF YOU WRITE OS

1«U— HOW MI CH STOCK OF AM, KINDS 1)0 YOU OWN!

2nd — NAME PAPER IN WHICH YOU SAW THIS OFFER.

INTERMATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.,SlliigLp^JJ

FARM WAGON OFFER

NO LONGER

FROST. V
BEST- vd
CHEAPEST fi

A question of merit. The FROST FENCE has stood
lor ten years, and will for twenty more. You know
that light woven fence will notlast one-third as long.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

The Latest Product of the gOlli Century.
The Air-Cooled Pumping; Gasoline Engine.

FOR fi*> WE SELL THE HIGHEST GRADE

run 900.00 HEAVY two-korse farm wagon
MADE, complete with double box, drop or ati.Y tongue.
Spring seat, neckyoke and doubletreea. Every
wagon covered by our binding guarantee.

FOR FREE FARM WAGON CATALOGUE with many
illuatratlons of wagons, all parts, etc., full descriptions,
guarantee, free trial oiler, for explanation why we can
eell the best wagon made at about one-half the price
others charge, for low freight rate and quick delivery
explanation, for the most astonishingly liberal Farm
Wagon Offer ever heard of, cut this ad out and send to
us, or on a postal card say “ Send me your Free Farm
Wagon Catalogue,” and get all by return mall free,

Ad drops: SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO.

just what
you want
for Sawing
Wood,
Churning,
Running
Cream
Separator.
No Water
to freeze.
Gasoline
in tiie base.

Made in 1 hi
and 2hi H .
P. Either
plain or
with back-
gear.

Write for
price.

R. H. Deyo*
& Co.,
Bingham¬
ton, New
York.

YOUR MONEY BACK = QUICK

Cows

Cows

and a

but no

made

made

$45.00

$11.00

month

month

ABEIM AQUE " £?tK,BJNAT,ON CIRCULAR AND DRAG

saw outfit with 5 h. p. engine.

Write for Free Cat. O

100 Gallons

30 Fast
I Cant

Everything
on one set
of trucks
Simple,
Strong,

Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS.

The U. S. makes the difference $34.00 month

Staunton, III., Sept. 25, 1905.

I hereby certify that on April 20th, 1903, I bought of your agent
one of your No. 7 U. S. Cream Separators, and after using it for more
than two years, I am more than satisfied. In 1902 I sold the milk of
my seven cows to the creamery and realized from said cows an average
of $11.00 per month. From the herd in the spring of 1903 I sold two
of the seven cows and milked the other five, and my
income from the five cows was $45.00 per month, a
difference of $34.00 in favor of the U. S. Separator.
If necessary I will make affidavit as to this statement.

E. D. Bruce.

,lr Now, how quick did Mr. Bruce get his money back?
} Well, the extra profits alone paid for his U. S. in just about
10 weeks. Many thousands of satisfied users pr ove the

U. S. CREAM SEPARATOR,

|\l hleh Hold* \\ orld’g Kecord for Clone £klniinliig

is the most profitable separator a farmer can buy. It
does the best work the longest time with least trouble
and smallest expense, and it

PAYS FOR ITSELF - QUICK

Send for free catalogue No. 550 F that tells plainly the reasons why.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

18 Dl.trlbutlng Warchouiei throughout the United State, and Canada 4||

Name-

Town...

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

F airbanks-Morse
Domestic Water (Supply

Provides all the conveniences of city water
works at moderate cost

Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purnoses
from 2 h. p. up.

Cut out complete advertisement and send to

FaJrbaLnks, Morse (Si Co.

Monroe St. Chicago, Ill.

Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. W 598
Gasoline Engines.

I may want . h. p. to . .

- Street No . .

■ ■•■■■■■ — — . - P fate ..... ...... .

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Earliest and easiest worked.
Carries off surplus water;
admits air to the soil. In-
im creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
Juckson’a Round Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOHN 11. JAtKSOJI, 78 Third Axe., Albany, N. Y.

I. H. C. GasoUnc

Engines

Increase Your
Profits,

Lighten Your
Work.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at smiil cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and

Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more thun 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. Aiay be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
80 well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 Catalogue to nearest ofOce

Mi

im

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

8S Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St.. Boston

■<0 Dearborn St., Chicago. 231 Craig St., West, Montreal, P.Q.

40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

Horizontal— Stationary or Portable, 6, 8,
10, 12, 15 H. Power. Vertical style, 2, 3. 5.
H. Power.

Gasoline, as applied to the “I.
H. C.” Engine, is proved best for
all practical purposes.

Feed Cutting, Wood Sawing,
Husking and Shredding or Shelling
Corn, Grinding Feed, Pumping,
Churning, Separating, etc.

Be wise! Save yourself, your
help and your horses by investing
in an “I. H. C.” Engine.

Call on the International Agent and let Kim show you, or write to us for complete
catalog, showing how "I. H. C," Gasoline Engines will save you money.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

(INCORPORATED.)

YOU need one of these handy
helpers.

Because with its aid you can do
more and better work at less ex¬
pense of time and energy.

( And you will soon find that the
“I. H. C.” Gasoline Engine pay*
for itself in the actual saving in
money and increased profits it
brings you.

Steam power is dangerous and
expensive. Wind power is treach¬
erous and unreliable.

Wire F ence 9 Or

48-in. stock fence per rod only ™

Best high carbon coiled steel spring Wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE.
Riiv direct fit wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

DON'T BOY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Ten. to Y Van . _ .. . ...

: cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Leas to Bn
tionary ortraction. Mention this paper. Sund fob Catalogue.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN,”

. T _ »_ _ , , , .. - - . a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

'!’»« iz x»v ■XL5asi!7,starte<*- Novibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta-

1 ME 1 LMrLfc PUMP OO-, Mfra., Meagher A lGth 8to., Chicago, THIS1SOUR FIFTY-FIRST Y FAR.

Voi. lxi\

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 18. 1905

WEEKLY, $1.00 PEK YEAll

FEEDING HOGS IN THE OPEN .

FRESH AIR TREATMENT FOR PORK.

Different Western Methods Explained.

T he scene in Fig. 349 represents but one of the many
to be found in the great corn and hog belt of the Cen¬
tral and Western States. Here the manner of feeding
is evident. At the start, with new corn, it has been
hard to husk, so instead of husking it has been jerked,
and the ears hauled to the feed lot, and thrown to the
hogs with the husks on, and they are required to do the
husking. 1 here is an advantage in this, for the husks
and cobs make a cleaner place to feed than in the mud
when bad weather comes. Here the owners are getting
a supply ahead by putting husked corn in the crib.
Doubtless when they come into the lot with a load, they
scoop out to the hogs what they need, before unloading

sal custom to turn the hogs in the standing corn, and
let them pull it down as they needed it. The plan of
seeding wheat after corn and other reasons caused this
system of feeding to go almost out of use for a time.
But the scarcity of farm labor is driving some farmers
back to the old custom. Some cornfields “hogged
down,” are now not much more than cleaned up. Usu¬
ally when the standing corn they are expected to con¬
sume is used up, they are finished for market on the
same ground by hauling husked corn to them. When a
severe rain or maybe a snowstorm comes on and catches
the farmer without husked corn for his hogs, shock
corn will be hauled out and scattered to them. This is
sometimes done to furnish bedding, and to give the hogs
roughage to eat with the corn, for they will feed with
much relish on the fodder. Thrifty farmers rush the
hog crop to market as early as possible; then they feel

COST OF GREENHOUSE .

Can you give me some Information about farming under
glass, particularly relative to growing cucumbers? Cost of
structure and where materials are obtained, if manufactured;
best method of healing, watering, etc., and the possible
chance of success or failure. I realize, however, that success
depends largely, if not wholly, on the man, as in every
business. g. s. r.

Woodstock, Va.

A well-built greenhouse 20 feet wide, such as would
be adapted for forcing cucumbers during the Winter,
would cost at least $10 to $12 per running foot in
length, if the owner does the work of construction, and
if he has to hire mechanics for the purpose the cost is
likely to be much more, for both material and labor are
high in price at the present time. All woodwork for a
greenhouse may be bought ready cut to size and fitted,
from the dealers in such material in New York and

A TYPICAL SCENE IN A WESTERN FARMER’S HOG-FEEDING YARD. Fig. 349.

at the crib ; then when hauling is done for the time
being, leave a load standing on the wagon to be scooped
out as needed. I hese hogs have shelter which is bet¬
ter than many that do not have it. All throughout the
hog-feeding belt this Fall, the weather has been un¬
usually wet, and up to this date, October 27, there is no
provision made for shelter. If the hogs get a dry place
to nest, they must root it out below the mud. Such a
condition I saw yesterday in a small feed lot. Many
farmers do not attempt to crib the corn that they use
for feeding well on through November, but throw it in
an open square rail pen in the feed lot, to be used as
needed twice a day. and others pile it across the fence
from the feeding pen, and throw it over, handful at a
time, as needed. 1 his means cold work when the corn
is wet with a cold rain or snow. Such weather means
poor comfort for the hogs lying out in the open, and
an unprofitable feeding for the owner.

I can well remember when it was the almost univer-

that they do not need to shelter them, and the gains
made are better than when cold weather comes on.
Still there are multitudes that feed all Winter long, as
evidenced by the constant flow to the great markets
during \\ inter. Great numbers of these are fattened in
the feed lots with cattle, and find their beds about the
feed boxes, mainly without shelter, as often corn is
thought to be cheaper to keep up heat than shelter built
of lumber. When a severe storm approaches, the hogs
under such conditions are sure weather prophets, and
the strenuousness and vehemence of their cries tell the
severity of the weather when the storm is upon them.
And how they stick to their nests at feeding time when
the weather crawls down to its lowest depths, everyone
knows who feeds hogs out in the open. The different
colors and types of hogs shown in the illustration, Fig.
349, are a fair representation of a made-up lot found in
any large feeder’s pens— bought here and there and
everywhere; john m. jamison.

Chicago, and an estimate for the furnishing of the
entire material bar the house may be had from such
firms, the estimate to include erection of the structure
also, if it were thought desirable. It would be neces¬
sary to send dimensions of the proposed structure, give
temperature to be maintained (in this case it would be
65 degrees at night), and also to state which method of
heating was preferred, that is, hot water or steam.
Some of the largest growers of these vegetables prefer
steam heating, on account of its ready control, but for
a small concern hot water would answer very well, and
would probably cost less. The watering would best be
done by means of a hose attached to some pressure sys¬
tem, and during the Winter it is better for the plants
if the water can be drawn from a protected tank, in
order that it may not be icy cold.

The cucumbers are sown in a bed with bottom heat
or in small pots, the latter placed in a warm portion
of the house, and after pricking off and transplanting

822

November L8,

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

are ready to be planted out in the beds prepared for
them. Both solid beds mid benches are used for Win¬
ter culture, the benches containing about six inches of
light soil well enriched with stable manure, and the
plants are trained up to wires attached to the roof of
the house, so that they may have the full benefit of the
sun. In the New England cucumber districts this crop
follows lettuce in beds on the ground; the cucumber
seed is sown about December 1, and the plants are set
out in the beds early in January, as soon as the second
crop of lettuce is off. Although the soil is then very
rich, trenches are dug the length of the house, packed
with 10 inches of fermenting manure, with eight inches
of soil over this, and the cucumbers set upon this hot¬
bed, 3^2 feet apart, and trained upon trellises. This in¬
duces rapid growth and early fruiting. A hive of bees
is sometimes placed in the cucumber house to do the
work of pollinating the flowers, but this method some¬
times fails in the Winter and then hand pollination must
be resorted to. As to the chance of success, so much
depends upon the grower and also upon the distance
from a good market that it is hard to prophesy, but
there are numerous growers in different parts of the
country from Grand Rapids, Mich., to Boston, who have
made this crop a success, notwithstanding the fact that
the Winter crop of cucumbers under glass will not
average more than one-half the quantity that may be
gathered from a Spring crop under the same conditions.

_ w. H. TAPLIN.

CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR BUILDING.

Do They Make Damp Houses?

I am about to build a modern dwelling, and am consider¬
ing the use of cement blocks for that purpose, but I am
told by a brickmaker here that buildings built of cement
blocks are always damp; that the moisture gathers on the
inside wall of a building made of them ; and that the water
will almost drip or run down, and dampen the floors in
all buildings erected of this material. This man also says
that where cement block buildings have been in use for a
number of years the owners are now tearing them down
and building of brick and other material, owing he says,
to the dampness of the cement block buildings. c. t. l.

Missouri.

We have been using these blocks for the past year in
both house and factory construction. For the larger
houses we have furred out the walls, as is usual in brick
buildings, but for the smaller house and factory build¬
ing we put the plaster directly on the walls. We have
had no moisture in either case, and as some of the
buildings have been standing more than a year we do
not expect any trouble of this kind. We are careful to
have all the blocks hollow, including the corner and
half blocks, and in most cases arrange for the ventilation
from the cellar to the attic of the building, either from
the inside or from the outside.

HOLLISTER REAL ESTATE CO.

The moisture does not gather on the inside wall of a
building made of cement blocks, provided cement blocks
are made of right material. Of course there are a great
many different kinds of cement blocks, and a great many
contractors who find that cement is much cheaper than
sand, and therefore do not use the proper proportion,
but with a good cement block made of proportions three
to one of good sand and good cement, the statement that
moisture will gather on the inside of the blocks is not
true. In the case of a poorly-made block I do not doubt
that the moisture will gather there. I have studied the
cement block business for the last 10 years or more, and
I do not know of a single person, nor ever heard of one,
who is tearing away cement block buildings and using
brick or other material instead.

FROST CONCRETE STONE CO.

We are not surprised at the brick men making the
statement that they have, as this material is certainly
displacing brick to a large extent in a great many local¬
ities, and will continue to do so, as it has come to stay.
The cement block industry is growing every day. We
have never heard of such a thing as a cement block
building being tom down. However, we do not advo¬
cate plastering on hollow blocks, or blocks that have a
solid connection. You would also get a wet wall in a
brick building if same were plastered without lathing,
just the same as you would on concrete stone. They are
no more susceptible to dampness than any other mate¬
rial, such as brick or stone. The board of health of
Jackson, Mich., is getting out specifications for a deten¬
tion hospital to be built of concrete blocks. This build¬
ing will be 40 x 60, three stories high, with the hollow
or split wall. brady cement stone machine co.

From four years’ experience we feel sure of our state¬
ment when we claim that concrete is drier than brick.
Concrete stone will, during the first three and even six
months, absorb a great deal of moisture. After this time
the stone becomes about the same as common brick as
regards the suction. The advantage that the hollow con¬
crete stone has over the brick is that the wall is almost
entirely hollow, and there is circulation of the air both
vertically and horizontally. This horizontal circulation
of the air has a tendency to keep the ends or cross ties
of the blocks dry; however, when there is a three days’

driving rain they will show moisture on the inside un¬
less furred and lathed the same as is done with brick
walls. These ends of the blocks or cross ties in the wall
will soon dry out again. It has the advantage of the
air space, which makes the building warm in Winter and
cool in Summer. The brick wall, being solid, is more
apt to be moist on the inside, and where plastered
directly on the brick shows dampness continually.
Should neither wall be furred nor lathed the concrete
stone would have the advantage of drying out more
quickly than the brick. We think that the brick men
who take the stand against concrete stone are in about

A LOAD OP ORLEANS COUNTY APPLES. Fig. 350.

the same position that an owner of a stage line would
be trying to discourage the progress of the railroads.

the cement working machinery co.

Different brands of cement present different charac¬
teristics, and not only the grade of cement, but also the
quantity used makes a large difference in the quality of
the stone. Fine grinding is the first requisite, and sand
cement containing, as it does, very fine grains of sand
intimately mixed with cement particles of extreme fine¬
ness, is admirably adapted to such uses. When made
the mixture should be neither very wet nor very dry,
and when you have tamped the mold full, moisture
should glisten on the surface. Another important item
is to see that the sand is of a variety of sizes, as this
has a great deal to do with filling the voids. By heed¬
ing the above precautions and making the face of your
stone of a mixture of a rich material (two parts sand
and one part cement) and tamping directly upon the
design, you make the face of the block very close and
hard, making a stone as near watertight as can be pro¬
cured without resorting to chemical process. In proof
of this we refer you to the numerous cement stone water
tanks, large reservoirs, and sea walls which are built in
many sections of the country. These have a very rich
facing to make them impervious. The cement stone
block grows more impervious to moisture as it increases
with age, and if made with a rich facing material, we
guarantee after being cured for 15 days to be far more
impervious to moisture than either brick or stone.

atlas cement machinery co.

Concrete blocks are made of sand and cement, and as
the cement is expensive and the sand usually costs almost
nothing, there is a very strong temptation for manufac¬
turers to use too little cement, especially when competi¬
tion is very keen, and as a general rule this has been
the trouble where concrete blocks have proven unsatis¬
factory. It is also a new occupation, comparatively
speaking, and there are a larger number of persons en¬
gaged in the business who have had no previous expe¬
rience, either with concrete blocks or with the handling
of cement, but who have been following out their own
ideas in the manner of mixing, tamping and curing, in-

RIGGING FOR APPLE WAGON. Fig. 351.

stead of following the directions given to them by peo¬
ple who have had years of experience. It is only to be
expected that their product would be unsatisfactory until
they have learned by experience the correct way of
handling the material.

When properly made, concrete blocks are the most
durable and satisfactory building material that we have
to-day, being frostproof, fireproof, handsome in appear¬
ance and increasing in strength and hardness as they
get older. It is true that all forms of masonry, such
as brick, natural stone or concrete blocks, are somewhat
subject to dampness, but the concrete block has the ad¬
vantage over the other materials mentioned in that it
improves in this respect as it gets older, and also for the

reason that at a very small additional cost chemicals
can be mixed in with the material which will render the
blocks absolutely waterproof. One mistake that is some¬
times made is with the mason, in which he attempts to
spread mortar on or “butter” the edges of the blocks,
and in doing so he is very liable to skip places here and
there, or the mortar will drop off before the blocks are
buttered together, which leaves openings in the walls.

THE PETTYJOHN COMPANY.

MORE ABOUT WOOLLY PEACHES.

1 think there is little evidence to prove that woolly
peaches are more free from rot than smooth ones. We
have just passed one of the worst seasons for handling
peaches ever known here, and all early varieties, whether
woolly or not, decayed very badly on account of almost
constant rains and humid atmosphere. I believe the
sweet varieties are less rot-resisting than the more tart,
and little profit was realized from varieties ripening be¬
fore Elberta. The peaches this year seemed to lack the
peculiar rich flavor that only goes with plenty of sun¬
shine. Many growers here are discarding the early
varieties on account of rot and reaching market with
the late southern stock, and these early varieties are
seldom safe to ship outside the State, as they soon rot
down even in iced cars. The fact has also been em¬
phasized that it is not best to depend too much on one
variety. The Elberta had been a failure here for sev¬
eral years until this year they were fine (like a nice
Ben Davis apple), while Chili was a complete failure.
A few varieties, such as Engle, Mammoth and Kala¬
mazoo, seem to bear a fair crop nearly every year, but
do not bring quite as much on the market as the more
highly colored varieties. None of the later varieties
troubled much about rotting here, but quality was not
as good as common. l. j. post.

Kent Co., Mich.

HISTORY OF THE McMAHAN APPLE.

I have just read the article on the first page of the
October 14 issue of The R. N.-Y., and while I have no
suggestions or facts to offer regarding the scion contro¬
versy I do protest in the name of Wisconsin horticul¬
turists against the McMahan being classed as a Russian.

I enclose herewith extract from our last annual report,
giving a history of the McMahan apple as represented
by C. A. Hatch, who is more familiar with its history
than anyone else living. It is a Wisconsin apple from
start to finish, and holds a place in Chicago and other
western markets as an attractive and good selling apple
of fair quality. You. will also note from Mr. Hatch’s
article that the spelling given in The R. N.-Y. is incor¬
rect. Both the compilers of the fruit list of the Amer¬
ican Pomological Society, as well as Mr. Ragan of
Washington, have fallen into this error.

The seed that produced this beautiful apple, and its twin,
the McMahan Bloom, was planted by Mrs. Isaac McMahan
in her garden, in 1860, the seed being obtained from a large
red apple coming from Ohio, presumably an Alexander. The
McMahans lived in the town of Bloom, Richland County,
one mile from what was then known as West Branch P. O.
on the West Branch of Pine River. In the Fall of 1860,
McMahan exhibited the two apples at the Richland County
Fair, held in Richland Center. The fruit was so large and
fine many could not believe it was a seedling, but A. L.
Hatch, brother of the writer, visited the farm during the
following Winter, and was so sure of the trees being seed¬
lings he cut all the scions and sprouts from the roots, and
it was through these scions the varieties were introduced
to the public through the Richland County Nursery, carried
on by the late S. I. Freeborn and A. L. Hatch, now of
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. In the year 1870, the Richland
County Horticultural Society, at the request of Freeborn
and Hatch, named the white apple McMahan’s White and the
red one McMahan’s Bloom. The Bloom proved to lie undesir¬
able on account of blighting so freely, and Is no longer prop¬
agated, although aside from this weakness a very desirable
kind. The McMahan’s White proved so satisfactory that it
Is one of the leading varieties In this part of the State.

The foregoing is ancient history. How about McMahan
up to date? It is one of the most popular varieties for
market purposes grown in our country, for the following rea¬
sons : As to the tree it is almost ideal, broad, spreading,
making it low, therefore easy to pick, prune and spray,
strong and vigorous of growth, consequently Having size,
so necessary to carry large crops ; every fork is strong and
well grown together with no inturning bark, foliage large,
broad and vigorous. As a tree it has one fault only, not
being blight-proof, having this weakness, which is common
to all strong growers. But in my own orchard containing
over 30 varieties, it stands about fourth in resisting power.
Alexander I would put as the weakest, although there Is
not much difference between that and Yellow Transparent,
Yellow Transparent, second, McMahan’s Bloom, third, and
McMahan’s White, fourth. Being a low-topped and spread¬
ing tree it requires much room, therefore should not be set
closer than 30 feet from any other tree, nor headed lower
than three and one-half to four feet. It stands pruning
well ; in my experience I have removed limbs three inches
in diameter, two at one time, from one tree with no in¬
convenience as far as could be seen, work which would have
ruined a Golden Russet ..nd sent a Tetofsky to the rubbish
pile.

In conclusion, I must express surprise that horticul¬
turists from six States in discussing this question should
assume that the McMahan is of Russian origin.

Secy. Wis. Hort. Society. Frederic cranefield.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

823

PLATFORM FOR HAULING APPLES.

We have been asked to tell how New York fruit growers
haul barreled apples.

For hauling barreled apples we use a flat rigging of
three basswood planks 18 feet long, 10 inches wide, two
inches thick. This will hold 22 barrels on end, in two
rows. Side boards are 10 inches wide, one inch thick,
and same length of plank. Light binding chains are
wrapped around barrels at either end of load, and at¬
tached to wagon stakes. This is a handy rig, as the
loading and unloading can be done from the side, and
obviates rolling the barrels from one end of load to
other. Two apple barrels will not go side by side on
regular farm wagon unless the side boards project be¬
yond stakes two inches or more. This can be done by
inserting temporary stakes in the rings attached to
stakes of some makes of wagon, or if the stakes are hol¬
low have a blacksmith make a set of iron stakes with
rings attached. These set in hollow stakes and side
boards rest on projection; this brings side boards up to
middle of barrels and end chains cannot drop down.
We use the same rig for drawing apples or potatoes in
crates, and it holds 60 two high. The wagon box has
long since been discarded for the above purposes. And
last and most important of all is the present-day spring
farm wagon, which every farmer should have. With
good roads and down grade we think nothing of trot¬
ting along with 22 barrels of apples
or 60 bushels of potatoes, saving not
only much time, but securing comfort
for driver and load.

Seneca Co., N. Y. w. a. bassett.

The best apple rack depends on
who owns it, for there are many
kinds. We use 18 foot plank with
side pieces 2x4 bolted to brackets,
which are bolted to the bed piece, and
a rope or chain at each end, and the
rack will carry 20 barrels. When we
have a crop, 3,000 to 5,000 barrels,
we use two pieces 2x4 bolted to-’
gether at the ends with cross-pieces
2x4, the right distance apart for
barrels to ride on, and carry 10 bar¬
rels on top, lying down, making 30
barrels to a load. Some racks have
gates in side pieces; some have wide
platform in the middle, and carry
four barrels side by side; some use
trucks and a wide platform over all
the wheels and set from 30 to 36 (and
higher) barrels on end. Fig. 350
shows the apples as loaded on.

Orleans Co., N. Y. clark allis.

One of the most convenient plat¬
forms for hauling apples on a wagon
is made as follows : Use two pieces
2x6, ash or other stiff lumber, for
bed pieces, 12 feet long, bolt at even
distance apart crosswise; these bed
pieces four sticks 3x4 inches, six
feet long. Raise front end of rig-
ing high enough to allow front wheels
to turn under platform, and cover
these cross pieces with one-inch
boards or strips, leaving a space be¬
tween each so to make as light as
possible. On this rigging you can
carry all you can draw in boxes or
barrels. It is low enough to load
easily, and it costs but little to make it. A light iron
railing may be fastened around edge of rigging or
front and rear standards bolted on, and rope run
around load to keep barrels in place. t. e. cross.

Dutchess Co., N. Y.

The style of wagon platform that is most generally
used in western New York for hauling apples is made
of three planks forming a platform just wide enough
for two barrels standing on end, side by side, and long
enough for a load of 18 to 20 barrels, (see 1, Fig. 351).
Stakes are provided on the side for a rail about half¬
way up on the barrels, or what is better, an iron about
V2 x 2 inches, bent in the form 2, same cut. A board
1x4 inches rests on the bend, and is provided with a
clip, 3, that will slide over the stake iron, so the rail
can be easily lifted off, and the barrels unloaded from
the side of the wagon, which is often very convenient.
The plank should be stiff, and bolted together with three
bed pieces 2x4 inches. This is a very convenient plat¬
form, as it can be used for drawing crates, and for many
other purposes. Another very good rack for a hilly or
rough country, and one that is in quite common use in
many sections, is made by taking three poles or timbers
and running them lengthwise of the wagon, equal dis¬
tances apart, and secured together by cross pieces. The
middle pole should be raised four to six inches above
the other two. The barrels are laid on the side end to
end, lengthwise of the wagon, two abreast on the bot¬
tom, and another row on the top of these two, lapping
one-half on each barrel. This is a very simple con¬

struction, and the spring of the poles makes it very nice
for carrying the fruit. Wagon springs should always be
used with either of the above forms. c. A. h.

Niagara Co., N. Y.

DELAWARE AS AN APPLE STATE.

On several occasions I have met successful apple
growers of Delaware, and seen some very fine fruit on
exhibition at horticultural meetings, fairs, etc. Re¬
cently I visited a few orchards and saw the fruit on
the trees being picked and marketed. I was prepared
for surprises, but hardly for what I saw. I am putting
it mildly when I say I think I have seen almost as
many good apples as the next one, for I was at the Co¬
lumbian Exposition in charge of the Pomological Divi¬
sion during the entire period of the big fair. I had a
good opportunity to view the large exhibits both at
Buffalo and St. Louis, as well as being acquainted with

many fruit men all over the United States. I saw
finer apples in Kent County orchards of many varieties
than I did at any of these expositions. I11 fact almost
as they ran in the basket or on the tree any specimens
would have done for exhibition. A few men began
only a few years ago to see what could be done with
apples. Almost all our old orchards were of northern
varieties, in most instances badly mixed, which ripened
too soon to be kept or to find a market by the old
methods. They have experimented with varieties,
methods of culture, keeping, spraying, etc., until to-day
the fruit growers of Delaware can grow apples as suc¬
cessfully as, or more so than they ever did the famous
Delaware peach of forty years ago. In fact, I would
rather take my chances with the apple for many reasons,
chiefly because you have so much more time to market
the fruit, the tree lasts longer and bears so abundantly
when once it gets to bearing. The fruit bud is not so
apt to get killed by late frosts ; these and many other
reasons might be advanced. Some of these apples are
going direct from the orchards to European markets in
competition with the best in the world. Others are go¬
ing into cold storage to be sold around Christmas or
later, while the poor grades will be canned or used for
other purposes at home. These growers owe their suc¬
cess to the selection of suitable varieties, to persistent
and intelligent spraying; to the best methods of cultiva¬
tion ; to the use of manures and fertilizers, and last but
not least, to the most careful methods of handling the
crop and shipping to market.

There are not so very many orchards yet, big ones I
mean, in full bearing, but there arc enough to convince
anyone that Delaware can grow not only apples of fine
size, color, and appearance, but of the very best quality,
not surpassed by those of any section of America. She
is near enough to Philadelphia, New .York or Boston, so
that the fruit can be handled for export without delay,
or it can be stored. No prettier apple land can be
found anywhere ; fields of 100 acres as flat as a pan¬
cake and easily cultivated arc the rule, and when these
arc compared with mountain orchards where it is al¬
most an impossible thing to handle a spraying machine
with ease the advantage is with us. Intelligent work
has done it; you can see many old neglected orchards
near those grown by modern methods, and the con¬
trast is wonderful. The varieties that seem to grow to
a more or less degree of perfection are Stayman, Nero,
Paragon, Winesap, Stark, Lankford, York Imperial and
Missouri Pippin. Many others do equally well. Nick-
ajack, English Red Streak, Buncomb, Jonathan, and
even the much despised but popular cotton-flavored Ben
Davis grows good enough to make a Missouri man
smack his lips over it. Many trees will pick 10 to 20
baskets. One grower told me he marketed 3,500 bush¬
els of early apples, and he got fully half from 75 Red
Astrachan trees, the remainder being from young trees
not in full bearing. Williams Early is one of the fa¬
vorite early sorts, as are also Yellow
Transparent and Fourth of July.

Early sorts are marketed in half
barrel or seven-eighths bushel ham¬
pers or baskets, shipped in refrig¬
erator cars and sold at the station.
Late varieties are barreled or put
into boxes (the finer grades) and
either sold direct from the orchards
or put into cold storage and sold
whenever the market warrants it.
I heard of one sale, the entire crop
at $2.50 per barrel, the buyer taking
all down to two inches in diameter.
Another had sold a car at $3.25 per
barrel on board cars. These men
each got as high as $4 and $4.50 per
barrel in the Philadelphia market
last Winter. They believe in spray¬
ing, and try to keep the trees covered
with Bordeaux. Scarlet clover and
cow peas furnish a large part of the
fertilizer. One grower will have
2,000 barrels; another 1,000.

CHAS. WRIGHT.

WHAT ABOUT CEMENT
POSTS ?

So far as actual experience with
them in our locality, it cannot well
be claimed that they have passed the
“novelty” point as yet ; however, we
are inclined to think them all right,
and sincerely hope they may fill the
long-felt want. We are using a few
of them; our fences were pretty
much newly built of woven wire and
the best cedar posts we could obtain
in the market, just prior to the ad¬
vent of the cement post, so we have
had but little occasion to use them so
far. We do not make them ; use the
factory product. The line post as we
get it weighs about 60 pounds, and seems all right. We
are of the opinion that one might make end posts, as
they are so heavy it is expensive to ship them very far,
and they come very costly. Line posts cost about 35
cents each, whereas the end posts and brace posts cost
from about $3 each to $1.60, respectively; thus you will
see that gateways are an expensive luxury when we
use the cement post. The line posts have three two-
strand wire cables of No. 5 wire extending lengthwise
of the post, and the makers claim they give each post
a pressure of 150 tons (hydraulic press) while in the
mold. Short, highly annealed, therefore quite pliable,
No. 9 wires extend from one side of the post about
eight inches apart, an inch long, the ends in the post be¬
ing wrapped about one of the longitudinal cables, thus
enabling the builder to fasten the corrugated strip to the
side of the post for holding wire in place. A cemetery
near here is fenced with a 50-inch woven wire fence
(four-inch triangular mesh) and cement posts such as 1
have here described, using the factory end and brace
posts too, and same is braced with galvanized gas pipe
braces. We have never seen a neater fence anywhere,
and it looks very durable. The line posts being all of
one size, true and straight, it is possible to do nice work
in building. The cement post is set and tamped same as
a wood post. These line posts cost about twice what
good cedar does, but a wood post begins decaying the
day it is set, hence repairs add to cost of maintenance.
The value of a wire fence depends mainly on having
it firmly anchored at the ends, then line posts need not
(for most kinds of stock) be very near together; hence
if we can get to making our end posts (possibly using
a gas pipe core) the post cost for fences need not be
excessive. Fred. j. frost.

Wisconsin.

NEW FRENCH PEAR “ROOSEVELT.” Fig. 352. See Ruralisms, Page 826.

824

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 18,

SOIL STERILIZATION.

The accompanying diagrams, repro¬
duced, with their descriptions, from the
American Florist, will interest those who
wish to use steam in soil sterilization.
The invention of R. W. Cartter, of West
Springfield, Mass., is of simple design and
can be made of common zinc pipe or tin,
some 2J4 inches in diameter, with holes
punched at frequent intervals throughout.

Six or seven runs of such pipe united
throughout and banded together a foot
apart can, if arranged in from 10 to 15-
foot lengths, be handled conveniently. Of
course, one end must be open for connec¬
tion. This form of apparatus provides a
cheap method for the operation. It is evi¬
dent, however, that a considerable vol¬
ume of steam is required, although little
pressure is needed. Another incident in
the operation of this form of apparatus is
the fact that in sterilization the soil will
have to be stacked over the pipes, so as to
get the full benefit of the expenditure of
steam. Some operators stack up to the
amount of two feet of soil by placing
boards around to hold in place. The
steam is then turned on until the whole
mass is well sterilized. The soil is then
spread out and the apparatus moved on
and the plan repeated. This method
means considerable labor in shoveling the
soil, but otherwise it is cheap and remark¬
ably effective

The invention of Sargent presents a
feasible method to overcome the expense
incident to the removal of the soil. As
will be seen in the illustration, harrow¬

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like prongs about a foot in length extend
from the pipes above and are perforated
with small holes. The prongs are pressed
in the soil and a strong pressure of steam
is used. The entire apparatus is made of
one-inch iron pipe and should be well
banded together, so the wear and tear of
moving and forcing in the ground does
not impair the arrangement. It is also
well to have an oilcloth sheet to spread
over when at work, so that escaping steam
may help serve the purpose of sterilizing.
Various other methods are in use and
consist mostly of individual inventions or
preferences, but hold mainly to the "two
styles explained. The soil is usually ster¬
ilized in the early Fall after the crop of
cucumbers or tomatoes is past and in
preparation for the early planting of let¬
tuce. A barrel is sometimes used for ster¬
ilizing; zinc pipes two inches in diameter,
well perforated, well tapering to point,
will, with a small head of steam, do the
work satisfactory.

A necessary warning is the stimulation
the plants receive when growing in ster¬
ilized soil ; the growth will be much quick¬
er and soft, and to avoid the dissatisfac¬
tion of such growth often resulting in
coming balloon-headed, the night temper¬
ature must be considerably reduced, say
eight or 10 degrees lower than ordinarily
applied. This does not keep back the
crop, but counteracts the stimulating in¬
fluence.

PEACHES FOR EASTERN NEW YORK

R., Rockland Co., N. Y. — Next Spring I
wish to plant a small peach orchard of 300
trees, but am at a loss to know which are
the best varieties to market in my home
town. I want the best and most suitable
for this locality, Rockland County, of early,
midseason and late varieties, beginning
about August and giving a continuous suc¬
cession to about September 15, after which
it is difficult to sell peaches in our local
market, except in small quantities. My
trade prefers a yellow peach, and for the
midseason and late varieties they must be
freestone.

Our experience with varieties ripening

earlier than Mountain Rose and Cham¬
pion has not been satisfactory. I should
begin with a few Waddell, followed by
Champion, Elberta, Chairs Choice and
Stevens Rareripe. E. w. barns.

Orange Co., N. Y.

A list of peaches for Rockland County
would not differ much from what is
grown here by the best growers, named
in the order of ripening: Mountain Rose,
Champion, Carman, Elberta, Waddell,
Willett, Stevens, Reeves Favorite, Sal-
way, Ray. This last requires better
treatment than many, but gives good re¬
sults when suited. All will depend more
or less on the soil, care and not the least,
the man to make a success. N. H.

I am planting almost no yellow peaches
to ripen before the Elberta season, which
begins here about September 12. We
want no more Admiral Dewey, Alexander,
Triumph or Crosby, and no Reeves un¬
less of a very profitable strain. Crawford,
Early and Late did well as usual with
us this year, and 1 think well of the Yel¬
low St. John and Niagara, but wish to
see more of them before planting heavily.
The white peaches certainly lead in the
season mentioned ; Carman, Waddell,
Mountain Rose, and Champion preferred.

Rockland Co., N. Y. s. b. huested.

Renewing a Massachusetts Orchard.

II., Concord, Mass. — On the hillside sloping
to the southeast, in the rear of my house,
there have been apple orchards for the great¬
er part of the last hundred years. Last
year I had the few trees then standing, but
of very little value, removed. The field this
year has been planted with corn. But I wish
another orchard on it, and I shall be
grateful for answers to the following ques¬
tions: Would I better set out trees this

Fall, next Spring, or cultivate the field an¬
other year? If the latter what would I bet¬
ter plant or sow? Would it be well to sow
clover and plow it in for fertilizing the
ground? Can I advantageously plant peach
trees between the apple trees, which will be
at least 40 feet apart? Which are the best
six varieties of apples for this region? I
prefer apples for Fall and Winter use rather
than Summer apples.

A ns. — There is no reason why a new
orchard should not succeed upon the
land in question, if it is properly fitted.
If the trees must be planted this Fall or
next Spring a liberal amount of stable
manure must be applied and plowed un¬
der, or if applied to a hoed crop next
season it will give good results. If plant¬
ing need not be done for a year I would
suggest the following treatment for se¬
curing the necessary organic matter (hu¬
mus )in the soil. This Fall, as soon as
possible, sow with rye. 1 his will hold
the soil in place, take up the nitrogen
found in the soil and supply a fair
crop to turn under about the middle of
May. Then 1 would sow peas and oats
to be turned under about August 1, this
tp be followed by peas and barley, which
will grow up to November or later, cover
the ground during the Fall and Winter,
and be ready to turn under the following
Spring. If it is desirable to plant the
trees next Fall the peas and barley may
be turned under in the Fall. This treat¬
ment is inexpensive, supplies a large
amount of organic matter, and puts the
land in the best possible condition for the
growth of young trees or any other culti¬
vated crop that may be planted between
them. Fall planting is advisable when
mature trees can be obtained before the
middle of November, but I would not
plant later than this in New England.
Peaches may be grown among the apple
trees if the land is high and not too heavy,
but a northern or western slope would
be better. On low land little profit may
be expected from the growth of the
peach. Forty feet is about right for
small-growing trees like the Wealthy,
Hubbardston, etc., but 50 feet would be
better for the Baldwin, Gravenstein, King,

etc. If peaches are not planted upon the
land double-thick planting, 20 x 20 or 25
x 25 feet, is advisable with the present
low price of apple trees. For profit in
New England I would plant for Fall,
Astrachan, Wealthy and Gravenstein. For
Winter the Baldwin, Hubbardston, R. I.
Greening and Roxbury Russet.

S. T. MAYNARD.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES IN NEW
YORK STATE.

List of Farmers' Institutes to be held in

New York State

during December.

1905.

Place.

CODXTY.

Date.

Red Creek .

. . Wayne .

Dec. 1-2

Newfield .

. .Tompkins .

_ 1-2

Pavilion .

. .Genesee .

Union Centre .

It room e . .

. . . . 4

Darien .

. . Genesee .

... 4

Duanesburg ....

. . Schenectady . . .

_ 4-5

Williamson .

. . Wayne .

_ 4-5

Jacksonville . . . .

. . Tompkins .

_ 4-5

Deposit .

. . Broome .

Marllla .

..Erie .

5

Lincoln .

. . Wayne . .

6

Bowmansville . • •

... 6-7

. . . 6-7

Bainbridge .

..Chenango . -

. . . 6-7

Dspe ranee .

. . Schoharie .

6-7

Webster .

. . Monroe .

. . . 7-8-9

Watkins .

. . Schuyler .

_ 8-9

Walton .

. . I tela ware .

... 8-9

Gallupville .

. . . 8-9

Elba .

. .Genesee .

_ 8-9

Preston Hollow .

. .Albany .

_ 11

Orchard Park . . .

. .Erie .

... 1 1-12

Hilton .

. . Monroe .

...11-12

Tyrone .

Downsville .

. . Delaware .

... 1112

Medusa .

. .Albany .

12

Andes .

. . I )p1h ware .

... 13

I’ekin .

13

Norton Hill ....

13

Kendall .

. .Orleans .

. . .13-14

Manchester .

..Ontario .

... 13-14

Pendleton Centre

. .Niagara .

... 14

Windham .

..Greene .

14

Ilaleottsville ....

..Delaware .

. . .14-15

Johnson's Creek .

..Niagara .

Oak Hill .

. .Greene .

. . . 15-16

Rushville .

. . Yates .

. . .15-16

Gilboa .

. . Schoharie .

... 16

Davenport .

..Delaware .

, ... 18

Wolcott .

. .Wayne .

Bristol Springs .

..Ontario .

... 18-19

Medina .

..Orleans .

. . .18-19

Sharon Springs .

..Schoharie .

. . .18-19

Schenevtis .

. . ( ttsego .

( )swego .

. . ( tswego .

. . . . 20

Ionia .

..Ontario .

20

West Laurens . .

..otsego .

... 21

Holley . .

..Orleans .

. . .20-21

East Worcester .

. .Otsego .

. . . 20-21

Morris . .

. . Otsego .

21

South West Oswego.Oswego .

. . . 21

Clifton Springs .

..Ontario .

21

Hannibal .

. Oswego .

99 .«>•{

Seneca Castle ...

. . ( tntario .

99 ,9.9

Edmeston .

..Otsego .

99.*} 3

Gilbertsville ....

..Otsego .

99-23

Spencersport . , .

. . Monroe .

. . .22 23

“Rush Market Reports" in “Rush Time”
mean greater profits for you.

WILLIAMS FARM TELEPHONE

is for BUSINESS. Pays for itself in a short
time. Gives permanent service. You can build
your own lines— we furnish telephones and all
line material. Write to-day for complete infor¬
mation. The Williams Telephone & Supply Co-.
78 Central Avenue, Cleveland, O.

TELEPHONE

Facts for Farmers

Send for free hook 102-A. It contains
telephone facts that are money-savers
Stromberg - Carlson Tel. Mfg.
Co., Rochester, N.Y., Chicago,!!!*

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Book of instructions
for 10c. in stamps. Write nearest office.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

152 St. Clair St. , Cleveland, O.
440 Maine St., Dallas, Texas.

850,000

GRAPEVINES

100 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, A-e. Best root¬
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c.
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FRED0N1 A,N. Y.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

DEAUI.IEU'S HARDY White Onion, Welsh On-
ion, my specialities. 3 kinds cabbage seed, L. I.
grown; forcing radish and lettuce, French seeds.
You know very well that France produces the best
seeds imported; Dahlias, etc. BEAULIEU, Wood-
haven, Long Island. N. Y.

WANT from :i-000 to 5,000 apple trees, two years
If HlV I old. Mostof them Johnson’s Fine Winter,
balance Bon Davis and Winesaps. Give lowest cash
price. J. H. RANKIN, Stuarts Draft, Va.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

THE TEST

of a Range Is In,
the Baking
You’ve seen the'
Sterling Exhibit.
SILL STOVE WORKS
Rochester, N. Y.

m

D

ERCK/m/S TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 years'in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMJWS CO.. Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

ALFALFA HAY

Car lots. J. E,
TYING & BROS..
Mechanicsburg.O.

Harrison’s -|ygL

Fruit Trees Wm

Plant select stock, your reward ■( '' JfuMpMn
will come. Nothing that’s only YL
ordinary ever goes out from

Harrison’s.

YYc Want the Trade of People
Who Want the Best.

We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes
an<^ Strawberries — over 1,000
acres. It pays to get acquaint-
ulfmt' w*th Harrison trees. 1905

I*'1" it/ jvg catalog goes free wherever in-

HARRISON’S NURSERIES,

'•■i*' ty.fi* Box 29, Berlin, Md.

*

1

A All and other FRUIT TREES at whole-
* r n|iN sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
■"****■■ JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley. Del.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., H iglitstow n ,|N , J .

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fert ilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 5'1-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
2701b.,3?4cper .b; barrel,4251b..3Hc. Send for booklet.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO- $5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kans. Box 73.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Early A DDT T7Q
have paid well this season. We TAF 1 1_/L5 0
have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry has again proven itself to he the
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list ami circular upon application.

C. (i. VEL1E & SON.

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, Y.

APPLE

and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Cat. free. Freight paid.
MITCHELL, BEVERLY, OHIO.

KFRUITBOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
’ bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees. Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

TREES

pep inn FREIGHT PAID APPle- Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rCn IW, rntlHnl rHIU Poplars, healthy, true to name ami fumi.-ated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

ROGERS OKT THE HILL.

Tire Apple Breeder, _ Dansvillo, TNT. Y.

PRATT’S ** SCALECIDE” Petroleum

Guaranteed to Kill San Jose Scale Without Injury to the Tree.

Prof. John B. Smith. Entomologist New Jersey Experiment Station, writes of “ 8 ’ALECIDE;'’ “I be¬
lieve that applied at the right time and in a thorough manner, this is as good, if not a better remedy, for
this pernicious insect, than any we have up to the resent time.”

Add one gal. ' • SGALEelDK ” to 20 gals, of water, etir, and it Is ready for use, no boiling. Price 50 cents
per gal. in barrels, 10 gal. cans, $6,00; 5 gal. cans, $3.25; lgal- oans,$1.00. Be sure to get the BEST and the
CHEAPEST. For circulars address B. G. PRATT COMPANY, 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

825

GREAT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW.

The seventy-fourth annual fair and Chrys¬
anthemum show of the American Institute
held in Herald Square Ilall Oct. 31-Nov. 3,
was in many respects the most successful
exhibition ever given by the society. The
display was most extensive and of the high¬
est average quality. A favorable season en¬
abled exhibitors to outdo previous efforts.
The Chrysthemums, whether shown as blooms
or specimen trained plants, were marvels of
perfection not likely to be greatly surpassed
in the near future. They were admitted to
be satisfactory in every way. There were
few new varieties among the prizetakers.
'The honors were captured by such familiar
kinds as, Wm. Duckham, pink ; Col. D. Apple-
ton, yellow, and Mrs. II. Robinson, white.
Other prizetakers were Harrison Dick, giant
bronze yellow, and Cheloni, bright yellow.'
Many tine pompon and hardy varieties were
shown, mostly by southern exhibitors. Foli¬
age and decorative plants fairly divided
honors with the Chrysanthemums. The col¬
lective effect was most imposing. While
these greenhouse beauties are shown better
every season it is evident they are not grow¬
ing in popular favor, as flowering plants are
usually preferred. Owners of conservatories
no longer care to endure the high tempera¬
ture needed to bring these showy plants to
perfection. I’alras are excepted, as they
may generally be grown in a cooler and less
humid atmosphere. One whole side of the
immense hall was given to orchids which
never appeared to better advantage. These
gorgeous but relined flowers are constantly
gaining in estimation. There were a good
many cacti — some line groups of the horribly
spiny Turk’s head cactus, from West Indian
islands were rather unnecessarily labeled
“hands off” !

Great masses of Cyclamens and Gloire de
Lorraine Begonia, in white and pink varie¬
ties made a charming effect. There were
acres of fancy and specimen evergreens, and
one exhibit of choice fruit tree nursery stock
from Ohio. A very symetrical specimen
orange tree, seven feet high, bearing about
GO large, ripe edible oranges attracted much
attention.

The fruit display was very good. Many
finely colored apples, pears and grapes were
staged. A most attractive exhibit of native
nuts was made. The hiekorynuts were a
revelation in size, beauty and quality, far
eclipsing the southern pecans. If the hickory
could be more readily propagated it would be
the most popular of nuts for planting. There
were many good native chestnuts, and but
few of the low quality “Japan mammoths.”
There should have been more Paragons, as
n this variety is really a good one. w. v. f.

PRODUCTS , PRICES, AND TRADE.

Cotton trade on the exchange has been
very heavy of late, extensive buying by the
outside public being reported. Outsiders as
well as speculators have had some severe ex¬
periences during the past three years. When
a man has his pockets turned wrong side
out in a cotton deal, or any other form of
trade, conservative ideas are likely to get
uppermost in his mind. In speculation it is
easier to see some other man have his throat
cut than to go through the operation yourself.
Probably a large part of the restored con¬
fidence on the part of outsiders comes from
the first rate milling demand for the cotton.
When people see that the mills need and are
ready to buy raw cotton, the situation has a
substantial appearance which invites con¬
fidence. It is one thong to see the mills pay,
say, 12 cents for cotton because they want it
to use, and quite another thing to see a man
with no milling interests paying 12 cents
merely because he thinks he can squeeze
some other dealer or force a scarcity by
holding it up. Speculators of this type come
about as near being parasites on the business
world as anybody can be and keep out of
jail.

Okanges from Florida have been arriving
in large quantities, but the prices realized
must be disappointing to the growers, some
selling as low as $1.50 per box. The trouble
in most cases is the poor condition of the
fruit. It is too pale in color. The demand
for the small California Valencias is heavy,
some having sold at $0.75 per box. This is
excellent fruit, much better than the navels
sold earlier in the season.

Potatoes are slowly crawling toward the
$3 mark, but it does not seem probable that
this figure will be reached very soon, if at
all this Winter. Potatoes have a habit of
coming in unexpected quantities from Europe
when the price gets above $2,50. This
lerman and Irish stock in 108-pound sacks
is now selling at $2.25.

The onion market except on the very
highest grades Is not satisfactory, and even the
finest Connecticut white have sold under $4.50
per barrel. Red and yellow of good quality
are going at less than $2 .and low grades are
not wanted at a price that would leave any
profit for the grower.

Green peas and beans from Florida and
the Carolines are bringing all sorts of prices
from 15 cents to $1.75 per half-barrel basket.
An occasional fine lot brings more than this,
but such are scarce. There are probably no
other perishables shipped a long distance

that are more difficult to put on this market
in good condition. Frosting and delays in
transportation are serious matters but an¬
other point that growers should be very
careful about is that the beaus or peas are
really salable when shipped. When the pods
grow so fast that the pickers cannot keep
up. there is a temptation to load up some
of the overgrown stuff and send it along;
but it is a safe rule never to make a long
(or short) distance shipment of any product
that is not in fit condition to use where
grown.

Milk Prices. — The New York Milk Ex¬
change has had another 10-cent spasm of
generosity, that is, it has added this amount
to the price per can paid producers, taking
effect November 11. This makes the price
$1.61 per 40-quart can, netting 3 Vi cents
per quart to 20-cent zone shippers who have
uo extra station charges.

Selling Vinegar. — “I have had a good
offer on some cider mill vinegar stock
(1904), but hesitate as some friends tell
me it is very risky selling vinegar under
the present law. Explain the law and tell
where wo may get samples tested." D. t.

New York.

The New York law defines adulterated
vinegar as that containing lead, copper, sul¬
phuric acid, or any ingredient injurious to
health or any artificial coloring. It must
have an acidity equivalent to 4 1/, per cent
by weight of absolute acetic acid. Cider
vinegar must show this amount of acidity
and at least two per cent of cider vinegar
solids on evaporation over boiling water.
As pure cider vinegar may not show this
acidity at first and yet contain alcohol
enough to develop the required acetic acid,
the original law was modified so that cider
vinegar is not now deemed adulterated if
alcohol enough to bring It up to the re¬
quired acidity is found. Every package of
cider vinegar must be branded “cider vine¬
gar” and bear the name and adress of the
manufacturer. The State Department of
Agriculture, with headquarters at Albany,
N. Y., have charge of the enforcement of this
law. They will furnish inspectors to test
vinegar, but their traveling expenses must be
paid by the owner of the vinegar. Dealers
in technical implements make hydrometers
and acelometers with which a man may do
fair work in testing his own vinegar after
a little experience. Official inspectors use
these instruments in preliminary tests of
suspected vinegar, but prosecutions are made
only after chemical analysis.

A newspaper interested in packinghouse
business denounces the efforts made now and
then in various cities to regulate the cold
storage of poultry, fish and meats. An ordi¬
nance to restrict the length of time that
these products shall be stored to six months
is called a “freak bill,’ a “blow at business,"
etc., and the health departments behind these
measures are called old fogies who are try¬
ing to block the wheels of trade. It would be
an excellent thing if storage of such perish¬
ables as those named could be restricted to
six months. There is probably no reason
why butter and eggs should not be kept a
full year, as any defects that they develop
are noticeable. With meats and fish the
development of ptomaines is something more
than a scare. These poisons cannot be de¬
tected by taste or smell and one never knows
when he is going to get a dose that will lay
him aside for a time, and perhaps perma¬
nently. I have known personally a number
of cases in which the symptoms were directly
traceable to fish. These victims have de¬
cided to let storage fish alone. In other
instances similar illnesses were laid to
poultry and packinghouse meats, though there
was less direct evidence in those cases. No
one knows just when these poisons develop
and why they are not always present in
stored meats. There is uo certainty that a
time limit of six months storage would speci¬
ally lessen the danger, but it would do away
with the disgusting practice of holding
poultry a full year from one holiday season
to the next, when, after fixing over, it is
palmed off on buyers as rresh-killed. One
unfamiliar with the business would never
suppose that this storage poultry could ever
he thawed and handled so as to look respect
able, and the treatment given it certainly
represents skilled labor. Poultry speculators
make a terrible howl when any suggestion
of stopping unlimited storage is made, they
want to hold on to the opportunity to buy
stock on a glutted market and unload it a
year hence when poultry is scarcest. But it
would seem that consumers should have some
consideration, and if is doubtful whether
many of them would knowingly buy Spring
chicken or turkey a year and three-quarters
old. even though during a year of that tinte
the birds had gone through the formality of
being dead. h.

WORKING GLOVES

SHOULD BE

DEERSKIN GLOVES. For

d* I we will send postpaid
^ I a pair of the best
Buckskin Working Gloves
Our new catalog ivith 125 illus¬
trations is free. Write for copy.

DEERSKIN GLOVE CO.

20 Middle Street, Glovers ville, N. Y.

EDdystonE

PRINTS

Simpson - Eddystone

Solid Blacks

Especially adapted foi mourning
dresses ; desirable also for effective cos
tumes with artistic trimming. Fabrics
are well-made and extremely service¬
able. Absolutely fast color.

Ask your dealer /or
Simpson- Eddystone S"iid Blacks

Three generations of Simpsons
have made Sifhpson Prints.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

„„„ Home-IVIade Sausage

Price, 48.00 The sausage you make yourself with an Enterprise Meat

and Food Chopper is made easier, is cut better, and tastes
better. Not only cuts sausage, scrapple and mince meat
coarse or fine, but is indispensable in the kitchen for hash¬
ing vegetables, fruits, fish, or cooked meats.

ENTERPRISE

Meat Choppers

are built for work. They are strong and durable, cut clean and stay
__ 'hharp. They caunot rust or break. 45 sizes and styles, for hand,
steam and electric power, $1.50 to $300. With the Enterprise Chop¬
per and an Knterprlse Sausage Stuffer the farmer has an ideal outfit for taking care of his
meat at killing time. These useful machines can be had of any hardware or general store. If
not, write us about it. See that the name “Enterprise” is on the machine you buy. Write for the
“ Enterprising Housekeeper a book of 200 choice receipts and Kitchen Helps, sent free.

THE ENTERPRISE MFC. CO. OF PA., 263 Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Tank Heater $4.65

Wo are selling this everlasting cast Iron Tank Heater
at $4.65. It saves trouble, expense and money. It
never leaks, nover floats, never wears out.no bolts, no
rods. Will burn any fuel. Great heat capacity. Weight
150 IbH. Wo absolutely guarantee the floater satisfac¬
tory in every detail. We ship it on approval anywhere
in the United States. Send $1.00 as a guarantee of
good faith. If not entirely satisfactory when re¬
ceived, leave it with freight agent and we
will refund you your $1.00 and pay the
freight both ways. We save you money on
everything you buy, and we give you the
same guarantee on everything we sell. Wo
have 3 other styles of Tank Heaters from
82.25 up. Send for our new catalogue
No. C.87. It's Free, and full of choice
bargains, for we sell you anything
you use at almost factory cost.

CASH SUPPLY A SI KG. CO.,
629 Lawrence 8q«, Kalamazoo, Mich

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower
sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3,000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed , does
not draw temper or
heat tools. Every
home needsit. Write
for price and circu¬
lar. A few good
agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC. CO., 226 E. Walnut St

A Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
TOUR BITS IN ONE

Cure, kicker.. Runaway,. Pullen,
Shyera, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
Day,’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant 1I1U, Ohio.

IUBBER-TIRETOP BUGGY $

With leather • quarter top
and all up-to-date appoint¬
ments. Guaranteed 2 yrs.
Sold ou 30 days free trial.

51s

This and many other bargains
fully described in our free cata¬
log. We are bona-fide manufac¬
turers, aud sell direct to you at
factory prices. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for free catalog.

U. S. BUGGY & CART C0„ Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Stylish

Cutters

Latest styles, newest
models. Hold direct
from factory to user at
factory prices.

Kalamazoo Axle Runners.

Make an elegant Blergh of your huggy, quick, easy,
cheap. Adjust for any axle. Write for catalog now
be fore sleighing time. Special discount on bug¬
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Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.,
Box 220, Kalamazoo, Mich.

9 CORDS IN 10 HOURS

BY ONE MAN, with the FOLDING SAWING MACHINE. It

saws down trees. Folds like a pocket knife. Saws any kind o i
timber on any kind of ground. One man can saw more timber
with it than 2 men in any other way, and doit aa.lar. Send for
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gal Ultlmonlals from thousand,. Flrat order secure, agency, address

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO.,

168*164 E. Harrison Street. _ Chicago. Illinois.

Liaer Machmery-Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

“ABENAQUE

99 COMBINATION CIRCULAR
SAW OUTFIT WITH 5 H.

AND DRAG
P. ENGINE.

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of trucks.
Simple,
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Easy to
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and

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Write for Free Cat. O. ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

Let Us Pay the Freight on this Disc Harrow
to You for a Month’s Free Test

Give your Horses a treat by hitching them to
a Disc Harrow that won’t worry the life out of
them with a pounding tongue.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Hnrrow is new
on the market, yet it’s having a wonderful sale;
we are getting orders for it from all over the
country.

People write us— “Why didn’t somebody think
of this before?”

We want to do this.

We want to send one to you direct from our
fnctory, prepaying all freight charges, letting you
have the harrow to use ou your farm a full month.

There’s no charge for the use of the Harrow,
nor do we ask you to pay a penny down.

All you have to do is to send for the Harrow.

If at any time during the month it is not ex¬
actly as we claim it to be, and if it does not do the
work we claim it will do, ship it back to us at our
expense and wo will pay all freight both ways.

If it is as we represent it. and does the work
wo claim it will, then pay us for it on time to suit
your convenience.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is worth
its weight in horseflesh every season.

Your horses will do 25% more work, and do it
ensier and better, than with uny other Disc
Harrow.

This is because of its correct principle.

There is no tongue for the horses to fight, or
hold up on a galled neck.

No side draft or crowding of team on short
turns; just even, steady pull.

The Front Truck supports the front end of the
machine, perfectly balancing weight of driver.

American Harrow Co.f 1621

Construction amply strong for heavy work; Steel
Frame strongly braced.

Steel Discs of the very best quality.

Ball Bearings to take the End Thrust.

Double Levers, easy to handle.

Steel Scrapers, set by hand or foot,' and held
exactly where needed.

The Detroit Tongueless Diso Harrow is manu¬
factured under exclusive patents and sold only
by us. And our entire output is sold direct to
farmers on the 30-day Approval Test Plan, and on
time if you wish it.

You hud better write us at once for booklet
and full description and price list of the Harrow,
telling us when you want to use one.

Hastings St., Detroit, Mich.

826

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 18,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

A Big French Pear. — Fig. 352, page
823, from the London Gardener’s Chroni¬
cle of September 3, 1905, illustrates a new
pear now being introduced by .the dis¬
tinguished pomologist, M. Charles Baltet,
Troyes, France. M. Baltet thinks this
pear, for which he proposes the name
“Roosevelt,” is destined to bring about a
revolution in fruit gardens and orchards.
The tree is said to- be a robust grower,
and very productive, either as a standard
or as a dwarf, grafted on quince stock.
The pears grow very large, sometimes
measuring over five inches in diameter.
The cut is supposed to be under, rather
than over, natural size of the best fruits.
The flesh is snow white, melting and of a
delicate, sweet and agreeable flavor. The
color of the ripe fruits is light yellow
shading to lemon, with bright red spots
on the sunny side. The season in north¬
ern France is from September to Novem¬
ber, being in good eating condition
through the whole month of October. M.
Baltet has tested it for years, and does not
hesitate warmly to recommend it. His
great reputation will go far to encourage
trials of this sensational variety. Who
will he first to test it over here, and what
will it amount to in our climate and under
our cultural conditions? Many pears of
high and permanent value have come out
of France, but we do not know any good
ones as large as a Twenty Ounce apple
among them.

Flower Novelties. — Some very good
flower seed novelties have lately been in¬
troduced. We have had occasion to men¬
tion some of the more conspicuous ones
in previous notes.

Nicotiana Sanderae holds out well,
making a fine show of color as late as
November 2. The blooms drooped and
shriveled during hot Summer days, only
standing up morning and evenings, but
throughout October our planting has
made on the whole a most cheerful ef¬
fect. Some of the purple shades are dull
and lifeless, but others range well into
bright carmine. Nicotianas endure light
frosts very well, but succumb to a freeze
severe enough to kill tomato plants.
Much seed of Sanderae has been saved,
and it is likely to he cheap enough next
year to be within the reach of all. Grown
in the border with marigolds, Zinnias and
Cosmos it will make a pleasing addition
when fierce midsummer heat is over.

Tmpatiens Holsti grew exceedingly
well in the garden, and was constantly
covered with large, bright red blooms
until the middle of October. When
grown in quantity it should be most de¬
sirable for bedding, especially in warm
light soils. The habit is all that could be
desired, as outdoor specimens grow low
and fiat, with many branches of almost
even height. Pot plants grow taller and
make good conservatory specimens.

Platycodon Mariesi Macrantiium. —
This is a gem among hardy perennials.
The Rural Grounds received seeds about
seven years ago from a distinguished Ger¬
man grower, who claimed it to be the re¬
sult of very many years’ selection from
Platycodon Mariesi, now regarded as a
garden form of the only true species, P.
grandiflorum, and which has practically
disappeared from cultivation. P. grandi¬
florum has long been a favorite border
plant, usually known as the Chinese bell¬
flower. It grows two or three feet high
and forms a very handsome plant with a
profusion of large blue or white saucer¬
shaped flowers, opening from conspicuous
balloon-like buds. It grows too lanky for
windy situations, and is usually blown
over by storms when in the height of its
Summer beauty. P. Mariesi was much
dwarfer and more compact, and bore
larger dark blue flowers, but the improved

habit was never well fixed in the seed that
found its way into commerce. Plants o ’
all heights, from one to three feet, woult
grow from a single packet of seeds, with
a corresponding variation in form anc
arrangement of branches, though the
blooms were fairly uniform in size anc
color. The raiser of the present large-
flowered novelty, P. Mariesi macranthum,
worked quite 20 years in selecting from
the dwarfest and most compact plants, at
the same time increasing the size ant
number of blooms, while retaining the
rich blue shade, so acceptable in the best
original forms of P. Mariesi. P. ma¬
cranthum, or as we may now call it, the
Dwarf Chinese bellflower, has a hardy
and long-lived tuberous root, grows
quickly and easily from seed, opening
flowers so large on small plants that when
grown in a thumb pot, the plant, pot anc
all, can he placed inside the bloom. Grown

in ordinary soil in an exposed position on
the Rural Grounds the plants have never
been broken clown or blown over by our
wildest gales, nor have they been in any
way injured by frost, though entirely
without protection. They bloomed the
first Summer when three inches high, and
each successve year have grown stronger,
until the topmost buds now reach some¬
thing over two feet in height, the plants
forming well-balanced clumps. The
flowers open widely, and average four
inches in diameter, intense deep blue, very
rarely white or light blue, in color. The
foliage makes a neat tuft near the ground,
the flower stems shooting up from eight
inches to two feet, according to age and
size of plant. The blooming season ex¬
tends from June until the last of August,
the plants being covered with flowers dur¬
ing the whole interval. We consider the
Dwarf Chinese bellflower invaluable for
beds, borders or edgings in the herbace¬
ous garden. This variety has been offer¬
ed under the misleading name of Tuber¬
ous-rooted Clematis and also as Platyco¬
don Tom Thumb. Seeds may be had
for 10 to 25 cents the packet and should
he sown early in Spring either in pots or
in the garden. In either case the plants
will bloom by midsummer. The tuber¬
ous roots may he transplanted any time
when dormant, and should be set about 15
inches apart.

Scutellaria Baicalensis Coelestina.
— This is a hardy skullcap from eastern
Siberia, with tuberous roots, bearing pro¬
fuse spikes of attractive light blue flowers
with white centers, resembling to some
extent Salvia patens. The plant grows
very erect, reaching the first year about
18 inches in height, blooming in a few
months from seeds. It is said to propa¬
gate easily from cuttings. We grow our
plants in sandy soil in and exposed sunny
situation. They grew freely and bloomed
profusely in July. The flower spikes are
excellent for cutting, as this particular
shade of blue is not too common at the
season. The plant when blooming re¬
sembles a ®dwarf blue-flowering snap¬
dragon, if such an oddity can be imagined.
Seeds received from J. M. Thorburn &
Co., New York.

Dianthus Laciniatus Mirabilis. —
The Miracle pink from Japan. Fig. 121,
in The R. N.-Y. for April 8, 1905, was
engraved from a dried specimen of this
remarkable novelty. Our garden plants,
however, produced flowers twice as large,
exceeding five inches in diameter, in color
ranging from pure white to very deep
crimson, some with beautifully contrast¬
ing white and pink zones. The long
thread-like fringes add much to the
beauty of these great blooms. The plants
are very thrifty, growing over a foot high
and blooming the whole season.

Sweet-scented Diadem Pink. — These
are beautiful hybrids of the border or
Scotch pink, Dianthus plumarius, pos¬
sessing much of the delightful clove frag¬
rance of the species, combined with beauty
of color and varied markings of the Chi¬
nese pink. We can well remember when
the diadem-flowered strain of Heddewig’s
pinks was introduced, considerably more
than 30 years ago. The price was 50
cents the packet, containing scarcely 20
seeds. They were all but unattainable
at the time, but a packet was finally Se¬
cured, which, it is needless to say, was
grown with extraordinary care. The
lovely shades and markings were a rev¬
elation of beauty that has since never
palled, though the strain quickly became
cheap and common, as it is an excellent
seeder. Here we have these marvelous
colorings transferred to the lonsr-lived
Scotch pink and enriched with its appeal¬
ing fragrance. These sweet-scented dia¬
dem pinks bloom freely the first year
from seed, if started as early as March,
and form beautiful tufts, growing larger
and more floriferous for several seasons.
Seeds cost 25 cents the packet, and are
easily grown. w. v. F.

Close Cropping. — I made a short visit to
Wethersfield, Conn., not long ago. The town
Is noted for its onion raising and formerly
for onion seed and garlic. They also raise
a good deal of celery and their method of do¬
ing this was new to me. At the time the
onion seed is planted every third, fourth
or fifth row is planted with celery seed,
the plants later thinned, and plants removed,
used for the later crops (the distance l>e-
tween the rows of celery being determined by
the strength of the land). The onions are
ready to remove before the celery is ready
to be bleached with boards for the early
market; later it is pitted for the Winter.
Two crops are taken off the ground with
good profit to skilful growers; stable manure
is plowed under and ground is heavily top-
dressed with chemical fertilizer. e. p.

Windsor, Conn.

708

The Genuine TOWER'5

POMMEL

SLICKER

HAS BEEN ADVERTISED
AND SOLD FOR A
QUARTER OF A CENTURY.

LIKE ALL

WATEMOOf

CLOTHING.

It is made of the best
materials, in black or .yellow,
fully guaranteed, and sold by
reliable dealers everywhere.

STICK TO THE

5IGN OF THE FISH.

TOWER CANADIAN CO„ limited,
ft. TORONTO, CAN.

A.J.TOWAR CO,
BOSTON. HaY?,,UJ, A.

appeals to its
owner every time
be lias to clean it,
pack it in small
space, or for any
reason wants to
take it apart.

Merely turning a
thumb - screw,
which goesthrough
the frame, frees
the barrel from
the stock.

Our 140-page
Catalogue FREE

tells all about the fam¬
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rifles and pistols ; the
care of firearms, notes
on ammunition, sights,
targets, cleaning rods,
reloading implements,
and much more valu¬
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four cents in stamps |
and we will mail it free.

Stevens firearms sent,
express paid, if dealers won’t supply.

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO.

200 High Street,

Chicopee Falls, Maes., U. S. A.

rN ^ to use

IMPLB in constructior

Write for C&t&lo£uq 66

f far rin^toa Rich&rdsoa ArntfCo:.

»^m.WORCESTER. mass*

American Fence
Talks

By the Makers

American Fence is standard
of the world. More miles of
it are in use than all other
fences combined.

It is made of steel that is ex¬
actly fitted for it. A woven
wire fence can be made of
wire too soft or too hard. It
must be exactly right to
render good service.

The wire must be hard enough
to be springy, so that against
all strains of weather or im¬
pact it will spring back into
position and remain taut and
true.

The structure of the Ameri¬
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built of big, solid, lateral
wires, with the upright or
stay wires hinged. This is
the most perfect structure for
a square mesh fence, and is
covered by patents which can¬
not be assailed.

There are many fences on the
market. Some tell of their
wonderfully hard wire; others
speak of new forms of con¬
struction that make all other
forms look ancient and worth¬
less. But through all this it
remains a fact that more miles
of American Fence are in use
than of all others combined,
and will continue so.

We do not sell direct — we sell
through dealers all over the
country. Only in this way are
the buyers’ interests looked
after. The dealer becomes
your business friend, and
when you buy our fence of
him he will see that you are
treated right.

American Fence is for sale by
the dealer in your town. You
can find it there, examine the
different styles and make a selec¬
tion to suit your requirements.

Or, write us direct and we will
send you a catalogue and tell
you where you can get the fence.

u.

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Does the work of twenty men Hawing by haud. Pays for itself IP
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be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

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LOW

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Why pay
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Our fast cutting Wood Saw is the best made
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1905.

827

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

Tim Fly Question. — The few flies left
at Hope Farm do not feel happy, and are
not inclined to exert themselves. They were
bad enough, in hot weather. Looking back¬
ward at the season it's a good time to read
the following from Maine :

“Speaking about killing flies, it Is not
always practicable to have permanent screens
in all windows, and we found that where
movable screens were used the flics would
get into the house by crawling between the
upper and lower sashes, and thence over the
top of the latter. To obviate this my wife
had our joiner place a board seven-eighths
of an inch thick and about five inches wide
in the top of the window, secured to the
side pieces, so that when the screen is in
place the upper bar of the lower sash is
pushed up back of this board. This com¬
pletely tills the space ordinarily left open
over the lower sash while the screen
is in place, and it is simply impossible for
a fly to gain entrance where before they came
in by the hundred. Then by using fly paper
on the piazza and in the woodhouse we get
rid of (piantities of them.” F. c. c.

By all means try to keep them out. but
with children darting in and forgetting to
shut the door they are sure to enter. This
board attachment seems like wooden common
sense.

Cold Weather. — The first real bite of
Winter came about November 1. There was
a regular crust on the ground in the morn¬
ing, and a frost that looked like a light
fall of snow. We were all ready for it,
except one lot of strawberry plants that had
just been set out. They were small plants,
and there is danger that the freezing and
melting of the crust day after day may
slowly lift them out of the ground. This
Is one danger in late planting, but by going
over the field now and then and pushing
down any plants that have started out we
can usually prevent serious loss. I find it
hard sometimes in making such statements
to have people see that we merely state
what we are doing, and that we are not
trying to give general advice. I would like
to have about three weeks of mild weather
during November so as to let these straw¬
berry plants fix themselves firmly in the soil.
Then before the ground freezes deep we will
mulch them heavily and thus keep the soil
open as long as possible. We should con¬
tinue to put the scrapings from under the
henroosts on the strawberries until Decem¬
ber. That Is our best place for the strongest
manure, and there is no fear of forcing the
Fall growth too much. From December until
April we keep the manure in barrels dried
out with plaster or phosphate rock. In t lie
Spring it will be crushed fine, mixed with
potash and bone, and used on onions and
berries.

Farm Notes. — The draining Is done at
last. It was a tedious Job, but it ought to
last as long as some of us do. A trickle of
water continued from one part of the field:

I presume from an underground spring. The
field was plowed as the drains were laid, and
the stones picked up and thrown into the
ditches. As a result we have a clean field,
with the furrows left rough except where
the stone boat has crushed them down. Now
we expect to put a good coat of lime on the
field and let it lie through the Winter. Our
present plan is to work the field mellow in
the Spring with the Acme, and drill onions
In wide rows with strawberries planted be¬
tween as far as our plants will go. The soil
seems just right for such varieties as Mar¬
shall, (landy or President, and I do not
want to lose a full year in planting, or to
have no income at all from the field. I plan
for the onions to pay for labor and lime,
and leave the field well set In strawberries.

1 am satisfied that we dug treasure out of
that field when we dug those ditches.’ It is
not likely that Captain Kidd or any other
old rascal sailed up the Hackensack River
and buried treasure in our hills, but Nature
has hidden fertility in our lower fields, and
locked it up with stagnant water. The ditch
is the key.

Adapting Crops. — Mr. Cosgrove of Con¬
necticut. came to see us recently. In looking
over the young apple orchards he said that
apples in his section came near representing
a losing game. lie had a fair crop this
year, and sent some to Boston. It gave
him about all he could do to pick from high¬
headed trees, sort, pack and haul to station
four barrels a day. They rarely sold for
over $1 a barrel, and taking out price of
barrel, commission, cartage, freight, etc.,
there was barely 80 cents left! Not much
for a day’s work, to say nothing of rent of
land. No more apple tree planting for him !
That is probably a fair statement of con¬
ditions in that section, where there is no
local market for apples. Yet with us the
case is quite different. Our country is filled
with people who grow no fruit at all. The
scale has killed off a large proportion of the
old orchards, and there is practically no
need of shipping Winter fruit away. Thus,
while it might be great folly for Mr. Cos¬
grove to plant an apple orchard it seems
like a wise thing for us to do. I speak of
this to show how farming has changed.

Some years ago all farmers grew much the
same crops; a little of this and a little of
that. Now they must find what their soil
and conditions can best produce and grow
enough of that to give them a chance in the
market. Another thing: Suppose Mr. Cos¬
grove instead of the old high-headed trees
had wide-open trees close to the ground.
He could nearly double his daily output.

All Sorts. — We have been hauling saw¬
dust freely. By fixing up a couple of large
bins In the barn we can keep a good supply
on hand. I notice that the Maryland Ex¬
periment Station has been testing various
bedding materials. Sawdust takes the lead
because of the low cost. It absorbs the
liquids freely, and while it does not add
much fertility it costs so little that it is
really cheaper than rye straw or planer
shavings. It would seem to me poor busi¬
ness, in our section, to use rye straw or
coarse hay for bedding while we can get
sawdust. We keep a good layer of it under
the stock, so that the liquids are well taken
up. Where cut cornstalks can be had the
bedding is pretty well settled. In the bulle¬
tin 1 have mentioned some interesting things
are brought out. I suppose if 50 tanners
were asked whether it would be an advan¬
tage to cut straw that is to be used for
bedding. 85 or 40 would say yes. This bul¬
letin seems to prove that the long straw Is
cheaper and better. Most sawdust is wet so
that it does not absorb moisture as freely
as one would expect. It requires nearly
nine pounds per day to take care of the
liquids fiom one cow about three times as
much of shavings or straw. The manure
with sawoust in it is crumbly and dry — not
so easily handled with a fork. . . Beauty,

the young trotting mare, is sobering down
somewhat. We drive her every day, either
double, with one of the older horses, or single
In a two-wheeled cart. She shows good speed
and nerve, but is desperately afraid of auto¬
mobiles. She does not try to run away so
much, but trembles with fright and tries
to crowd to one side. Aside from this she
seems true as need be, and certainly shows a
good gait. I do not want another Lotting
horse, i see little use for them, except as
playthings. They lack the st.ecgtb and
weight and patience to do ordinary work.
As for breeding them. I should think the
competition with autos and motor wheels
would hurt this class of horses most of all.
1 will stay on record as saying that I wish
I had a good span of mule colts in place of
our two beautiful fillies. The little brown,
however, seems to be of gentler disposition.
I think part of this is due t> the fact fhat
she has had old Major as a pasture compan¬
ion all Summer. I have seen Beauty dancing
and darting about the pasture while Brownie
gazed at her in amazement, content, to keep
at Major’s side. I have no doubt the old
fellow has given his young companion good
advice. . . . Our two cows are doing

their duty. One of them will be fresh in
March, arid the other has given milk steadily
for 15 mouths On ordinary feed they give
us all the milk and cream we can use. and
nearly five pounds of butter per week In
addition. This would mean over 12 pounds
of butter if all the milk were used. With
a separator it would mean even more, for

you cannot get all the butter fat out with
a pan.

Florida Farming. — I still have a good
many letters from people who want to know
about Florida. Our folks are not going there
this Winter. If the workmen ever get our
house finished we can be comfortable in New
Jersey. Charlie is getting ready for another
crop on the Florida farm. He has cut a
good crop of cow-pea hay, and has a small
crop of sweet potatoes growing. Our last
crop of white potatoes was a failure. They
were planted too late, and the soil was too
sour and damp. To remedy the dampness
open ditches were dug, so that the surface
water will run quickly to the lake. One
great trouble with Florida farming is the
drenching from heavy showers which often
scour across the fields, making bad gullies.
To remedy the sourness air-slaked lime was
put on after the cow peas were cut, and
worked under with the disk plow running
very shallow. This mixes the lime with the
soil, and later plowing and harrowing will
stir it up still further. It is now Intended
to plant potatoes again earlier than last
year. Charlie also wants to try his hand
at raising early watermelons on the lightest
soil — starting the seeds very early in straw¬
berry boxes under cloth or in pits. We
have heard considerable about cow peas in
the North. Charlie contributes the following
about the uses of this crop in Florida :

“The cow pea can be planted here from
April 1 to October 1, with success. I
will divide the plantings into three, and
tell what each is good for. First, from May
to June. During these months we plant
for hay, as we get two cuttings of the best
feed for stock that grows. Horses* will work

on this hay with half the feed, and keep

in fine shape. You can also let this hay

stand longer in order to get weather suit¬
able for cutting than you can either of the
other plantings. This planting does not
fruit much. Second, from June to August,
l’lanting in these months* is for both fruit
and vine; it makes as line hay as the first,
but should be cut at a certain time, weather
or no weather, and that time comes generally
in the wet season, so that it is risky.

Third, from August to October. For fruit
and no vine this is the planting that makes
the seed, and beats anything 1 have seen in
the string heap, giving just enough vino to
turn under. You can eat the pea from June to
June. This may sound funny to you north¬
ern farmers but I will tell you how if. is
done, and if you were here would show
you as well, if not better. When the pea is in
its string form it is eaten just the same
as* the ordinary string bean, and is just as
good. When it: is in the pea form (that is,
when you can shell it and the pods are not
hard) it is the next, thing to a good mess
of Telephones that it has ever been my lot
to tackle and I think to most people is
better, and you can put me in with the
most. If planted in succession they will give
you food in the green form until frost, say
December 1 ; then we have them in the
dry form anytime we want them just the
same as the navy bean Is used In the North,
and we like them better. So you see what
it does for us in the way of feed, besides
feeding our horses, hogs, hens, etc., and
last but by no means least what It does for
our lands and the shape it leaves it in
after a crop of peas. Beas, peas, peas;
yes, cow peas.” u. w. c.

PRESSES THREE TONS MORE

If you want the Best Hay and Straw
Press on the market write for
Spence's Catalog, and see how you can
get a Press for nothing if it does not
show 3 tons greater capacity in 10 hours
with no more help to run it than any
other two horse press.

In writing name
this paper.

Catalog free. J. A. Spencer, Dwight, III.

f

THK CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

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foot deep. Connects sub¬
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newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CLARK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT A WA Y Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

CAPITAL

CAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3U H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger &

400 Cherry Street

YVrightsvlUe, Penna.

THE WATERLOO
GASOLINE ENGINE#

A POPULAR
ENGINE AT
RIGHT PRICE.

Write to-day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

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20th Century Wagon Box

Let Me Send You

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as a FREE TEST

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news of big events both at home and abroad— all in story
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McClure’s Magazine is a liberal education in itself for
boys and girls, because it gives them, in perfect English,
the best history, and the biography of famous men— the
latest discoveries in science. For older readers there are
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live topics as Life Insurance Management, Regulation of
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TAKE IT

Bring McClure’s Magazine into your home and create
a taste in the minds of your boys and girls for the best in
literature, art and good citizenship.

Here are a few of the writers who have contributed to
McClure’s Magazine in the past:

Ex-President Cleveland, Gladstone. Mark Twain, Rudyard Kip¬
ling, General Miles, Walt Whitman, Bret Harte, Robt. Louis Stevenson.

Among those who will write this next year are:

William Allen White, Lincoln Steffens, Jack London,^
Myra Kelly, Booth Tarkington and others equally famous
and entertaining.

The Rural New-Yorker Say*:

“ We have the very highest regard for McClure’s
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Indeed, the best of the dollar class. It has always been a
surprise to us that we did not more frequently see the
magazine in country homes: because the subjects
treated have been of vital interest to farming communi¬
ties.”

Three months’ free trial— no charge if you do not like
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Try McClure’s — Send in the Coupon.

S. S. McClure, Editor,

McClure’s Magazine - - New York City

EDITOR McCLURE’S MAGAZINE, COUPON.

New York, N. Y.

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Name

P. O. Address

State

828

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 18,

The Rural New-Yorker

TUK BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter Van Fleet, ( .

Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, j Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8*4 marks, or 10*4 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement In this paper is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns. and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 18, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The poets are now after Luther Burbank. One of
them in a long poem pictures Mr. Burbank as taming
the desert and doing other remarkable tilings. A
man can usually stand the photographers and magazine
writers with some philosophy, but when the poets get
after him he may well run for cover. All this gush and
florid advertising must be very offensive to a modest
and retiring man like Mr. Burbank.

*

An order for 3,000 boxe.s of apples has been given
to Seattle merchants. This fruit will be sent to the
Philippines, and the best and highest colored apples
are wanted. This will probably mean several thousand
new members for the American Apple Consumers’
League, and will lead to a new trade in apples. We are
glad this foreign trade did not begin with Ben Davis
apples. The brown citizens have had too many of the
dry sides of American civilization pushed upon them
already'.

*

Business men of Liverpool, England, are planning
to erect modern flouring mills to rival Minneapolis,
where they will use Canadian wheat. They figure
that in the future the United States will not raise
enough wheat for its own consumption, and that Liver¬
pool will thus have a chance to control the wheat and
flour of the world. It would seem better business for
our Canadian friends to make flour at home rather than
export the entire grain. There can be no doubt that
the development of the Canadian Northwest is to
change history in many ways.

*

It seems as if the potato crop must now’ be ranked
among those wdiich are classed as “gambles.” Blight
and rot have appeared in new’ sections, and
seem to become worse each year. Formerly a
farmer was quite safe in planting potatoes with
ordinary care. He wras reasonably sure of a crop. Now'
the chances are often against him unless he uses the
best of care and applies the best of skill. The result
will be that the profit in potatoes will go to those wdio
know just how to grow them. The increase of potato
disease makes a premium on care and skill.

*

At several county fairs in New York “Children’s
Day” has become a recognized feature. On that day
school children are admitted free; prizes are offered
for specimens of their w'ork, and efforts are made to
get as many of the little folks on the fair grounds as
possible. In theory this is an excellent scheme, but in
practice it sometimes w'orks out the wrong way. A
strong protest has just been made against the Chemung
Co. Fair, as this extract from the Elmira Gazette will
show' •

In a letter addressed to tlie Roard of Education, which
met last Monday evening:. Superintendent Walker denounced
the fair as unfit for children to attend on account of the
many gambling games and immoral shows that are present,
and also the unfit language used by the “barkers” for the
different exhibitions.

This idea of enticing a crowd of children to the fair
and then permitting a lot of fakers to go through their
nasty and criminal performances is more than foolish.

A child might better come in contact with some bodily
disease than to be put in such surroundings. If the
fair association will not clean up their show the chil¬
dren should be kept away! But if Supt. Walker’s
statements are true how does this fair association re¬
ceive any financial aid from the State? The law' de¬
clares that no State money shall be given where such
shows are permitted.

*

From personal observation we feel sure that Mr.
Wright’s statement of apple possibilities in Delaware is

conservative. It only show's how old theories and be-

\ *■

liefs are being upset. Years ago the best “authorities”
claimed that there w’as a “dairy belt” in this country
outside of which good commercial butter could not be
made. The use of the^cream separator and modern
dairy methods have disproved all that, for good butter
can be made anywhere between Alaska, and Mexico,
provided one has the cream and the apparatus. It is
much the same with various crops. By adapting varie¬
ties to locality and changing methods to suit the soil
and conditions a young generation may take land which
an old one abandoned, and make it as profitable as the
best.

*

The difficulties in handling the Chinese trade are
shown by the following incident. A shipment of Amer¬
ican flour w'as sent to Amoy and sold both raw and
baked to natives. Several parties died after eating it,
and the most alarming reports spread all through the
country. The explanation seems to be that Chinese mer¬
chants used the flour for smuggling morphia into the
country. They put this drug into the packages of flour,
and either failed to take them out or some of the pack¬
ages were broken. Of course such a deadly mixture
meant death and the American flour was credited with
the damage. The best way to avoid such things is to
ship under seal and in unbroken packages, but this inci¬
dent in connection w'ith the Chinese “boycott” shows
how hard it will be for this country to increase its
Chinese trade.

*

It is reported that in one day last w'eek 19,000 bags
of foreign potatoes were received in New York. The
price is running high, and the home crop is reported
short, so that imports of potatoes are starting earlier
than usual. Several times during the past 10 years the
price in Spring has warranted imports, but it is quite
unusual to find European potatoes here at this time of
the year. The European crop is heavy. Germany pro¬
duces an enormous crop which is used largely for the
production of alcohol for fuel. Let the price on this
side go high enough and a portion of the German crop
w'ill be taken from alcohol manufacture and sent here.
Thus the retail price is not likely to rise above $3, if it
reaches that figure. When we think that less than a year
ago farmers could hardly give potatoes away we realize
that potato growdng is getting to be as much of a
gamble as peach culture.

*

T he wire fence question gets more and more alive
each day. The chemists at Washington have proved
beyond reasonable doubt that the trouble lies in the
process of manufacturing the wire and not in the gal¬
vanizing. A bulletin will soon be printed which will
demonstrate this. The manufacturers, or at least the
wiser of them, realize what is going on, and they know
that they must sooner or later furnish better wire. They
are experimenting, and waiting to see if customers
really demand a higher quality. Here then is the need
of redoubled efforts on the part of farmers. The letters
they wrote and the pow’er they displayed induced the
Department of Agriculture to test the wire. When the
final report is made there is to be no excuse for a man¬
ufacturer to refuse to sell good w’ire, except the old
one that farmers only want what is “too cheap to be
good.” I hat can be settled only by farmers themselves.
Let every man who uses wire W'rite at once to both
agent and manufacturer that he wants nothing but
guaranteed “wire, subject to test by the Department of
Agriculture. No use waiting for some anti-trust law'.
Be a law unto yourself and trust in the postage stamp
vote.

★

Many cotton farmers in Texas and other Southern
States find themselves in a hard position. The boll
weevil has done so much injury to cotton that it seems
likely to destroy the industry of cotton growing in
some sections. What are the cotton grow’ers to do
then? Many of them are on strong land that w'ill pro¬
duce fine crops of vegetables, fruit or forage crops.
In the North, close to the large towns and cities, the
change from any staple crop would be quite easy. The
change from grain growing to dairying, or fruit grow¬
ing has been carried out in many parts of the North
wth great advantage to farmers. What seemed at first
a curse to them turned out to be a blessing in disguise.
Why then will not the same thing follow' at the South?
The conditions there are quite different. The aver¬
age farmer knows little of farming except cotton grow¬

ing. He usually works on the credit or lien system,
often borrowing money in advance on his crop. It is
doubtful if he could obtain an advance on a new crop
for the seed or stock or new tools required to handle
it. Whatever he raised would be shipped hundreds of
miles to find a market, and if located far from the
railroad a farmer could hardly handle perishable goods.
He w'ill find it difficult to obtain reliable and intelligent
labor. 1 bus the situation is entirely different from
that at the North, w’iiere a farmer is closer to market,
more ready for the change and able to hire laborers
who know how to grow' the new crops. Of course
there are southern farmers w'ho can and will over¬
come these disadvantages, but the majority will find
it hard to do so.

*

There will be a great battle when Congress meets
over the question of regulation of railroad rates. The
railroads seem determined to prevent legislation that
will give the Interstate Commerce Commission greater
pow'er if they can possibly do so. They seem to real¬
ize that public sentiment is with the President, and
their move is to change that sentiment. Books are
being written for free distribution. Every week we
receive letters and pamphlets with requests to print
them or call attention to them. They are all plausible
arguments against Government control of rates. In many
cases editors of country papers receive offers to furnish
a “fine supplement” free. This “supplement” contains
a variety of good matter, with articles hidden among
the rest arguing foj the railroad’s side. In some cases
the titles indicate that the article favors the President,
but that is only a bait for the purpose of enticing the
reader. It is doubtful if ever before a more dangerous
or plausible campaign to use the public press for direct¬
ing public opinion from a just cause was started. Com¬
bined with the railroads are the express companies, who
send out similar arguments against a parcels post. The
scheme will fail. The American people intend that
Congress shall give the Interstate Commerce Commis¬
sion pow'er to enforce its own rules. That is what they
thought they had done 18 years ago, when this com¬
mission w'as created. They intended to do it then, and
had they succeeded in doing so many of the present
troubles would have been avoided. The Supreme Court
has decided that Congress must definitely give this rate¬
making power to the commission before its rules can be
enforced. "1 hat is what the American people want, and
they will not be drawn or driven from their purpose.

BREVITIES.

Rye bread is recoru mended for eases of diabetes.

No need for idle rainy days with a good shop on the farm.

Wb wait until late Winter or Spring before trimining
raspberries.

The bread winner sometimes loses if his wife is not a
bread maker.

With a good eow, a crop of cow peas and a flock of hens
a good living is in sight.

One reader writes us “as the son of an old subscriber
and a subscriber to be" — which is about an ideal com¬
bination.

The women folks say the men put aside house jobs "for
a rainy day," and then when the rain comes find others
more pressing.

Yes, we are always waiting for some one to tell us about
a labor union of farm hands that has held water. Is such a
thing possible?

One big Chicago rose grower is now reported to have
30 acres under glass. lie would appear to be bringing
his farm indoors.

Let some men alone and they will take the credit which
you have honestly earned, and offer you their own dis¬
credit in exchange.

Yes, sir — we would rather have a barrel of gunpowder
in the cellar than a barrel of hard cider. We are thankful
we don’t have to have either.

The Ontario government has decided that hereafter no
club charter will lie granted without a clause attached to
it prohibiting the selling of liquor.

The man who denies himself to save the money for his
insurance policy is not likely to shout for joy when he
reads of an insurance grafter spending $10 for a dinner.

The feeder who keeps his hogs in a muddy yard, without
shelter in stormy weather, as mentioned by Mr. Jamison on
first page, has to shovel in corn enough to warm the hogs
and Robin Hood’s barn as well !

Regarding cement blocks one man says cement costs so
much that sometimes too much sand is used. Another
says sand is expensive and too much cement is wanted.
It makes great difference where a man lives!

A cheerful German scientist suggests the use of cement
coffins, the bodies of the dead to be placed in molds and
t lie cement poured around them, the blocks thus formed,
when perfectly hardened, being use to build monuments.
That man seems to be blessed with a frugal mind !

Union plasterers in New Y'ork have made a demand on
independent employers for $G a day (eight hours), an
advance of 30 cents. If the demand is granted these men
could make $12 a day by working four hours overtime, as
overtime receives double pay. The outlook is not cheering
for the clerk on $12 a week, who finds his rent raised for
every increase in building-trade wages.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 829

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — James H. A. Brooks, a well known manu¬
facturer of Philadelphia, Pa., was killed; Michael G. Price,
a business associate, was seriously injured, and their wives
were painfully hurt in an automobile accident near Absecon,
N. J., November 1. A tire on a rear wheel exploded while
they were riding at high speed. . . . Mrs. Delia George,

probably the oldest resident of New York State, died in
Lancaster November 1. She was in the 108th year of her
age. Mrs. George had been in feeble health for some months.
Her husband served in the War of 1812. . . . Eleven
Whaling vessels, comprising almost the entire fleet which
sailed from San Francisco, have been caught in the Arctic
Ocean. They will not be able to get out until next July or
August, and in the mean time their crews of 440 men must
face the hardships of a Winter in the North. . . . The

sympathetic strike was attacked in a suit for damages for
$50,000, filed at Chicago, Ill., Nov. 1, in the Circuit Court,
against the International Association of Bridge and Struc¬
tural Iron Workers and I1 rank M. Ryan, general president.
The Oscar Daniels Iron Works Company is the plaintiff.
Attorney II. C. Rumery, representing the complainant,
declares that if the Courts decide that the union is liable
for the damages incurred by the company, it will put an
end to sympathetic strikes. . . . The Hennepin County

Grand Jury reported at St. Paul, Minn.. November 4 four
indictments of men connected with the former management
of the Northwestern National Life Association, which has
been reorganized under the direction of State Insurance
Commissioner O’Brien. The men indicted are W.
F. Bechtel, former president. W. A. Kerr, for¬

merly attorney and director; Wallace Campbell and .1.

F. Force, who were officials before Bechtel got control.
The report adds that there was evidence showing that
former State Insurance Commissioner J. A. O'Shaughnessy
accepted a bribe of -$5,000 for suppressing an unfavorable
report and that George F. Getty was a party to the con¬
version of the company's funds. Mr. O’Shaughnessy was
Insurance Commissioner during the term of Gov. Lind,
but the statute of limitation prevents indictment. The jury
expressly says that the present management is honest ana
efficient and is not to be blamed for the deeds of the ousted
management. The charges against the four men indicted
are conversion of funds, bribery and fraud. Thirty-two
indictments were returned by the Grand Jury Nov. 4. and
although some of these are against other persons accused
of crime, the majority of them are supposed to be the result
of the insurance investigation. . . . Former State Game

Protector Charles A. Klock, of Fairfield, Herkimer County.
N. Y., who since August has been sought by the State
authorities for alleged wholesale frauds in collection with
the Adirondack forest preserves, reappeared in his home
town November 4 and sent a message to Forest. Fish and
Game Commissioner Whipple at Albany saying he was
ready to surrender and face all charges. Klock is wanted
on a charge of grand larceny in the first degree, preferred
by Deputy Attorney-General Ward for fraudulently dispos¬
ing of 4,000 cords of spruce pulp wood in the forest pre¬
serves, receiving therefor with his partner, Harvey N. Gay¬
lord, a game protector of Ixiwis county, $7,750. Gaylord
was arrested on October 1.3 at Malone and arraigned before
the City Judge of Utica. lie pleaded not guilty to the
charge, waived examination and was held without bail to
await the action of the Grand Jury. The specific charge
preferred covers a deal which was consummated in the city
of Utica on August 13, 1905, when Gaylord and Klock, it
is alleged, sold 2,000 cords of the pulp wood to James
Gallagher of Forestport, who paid them $3,750. and 2.000
cords to Syphert & Harrig of the same town, who paid them
$4,000. This money has never been turned over to the State.

Election returns show that generally this was a
poor year for bosses. Ohio went Democratic. George W.
Cox, for years Republican boss of Cnlcinnati, as soon as the
defeat of his machine was shown, announced his retirement
from politics. John M. Pattison (Dem.) defeated Myron T.
Herrick (Hep.) for Governor of Ohio by a majority esti¬
mated at tiO.000. in Maryland the boss, Senator Gorman,
was defeated and his constitutional amendment, the great
issue in Maryland, under which 50,000 negroes and hun¬
dreds of foreigners would have been disfranchised was de¬
feated in Baltimore City by a large majority, estimated on
early returns at 10,000 to 12,000. In New Jersey the boss
of Essex County was defeated, and the initial steps toward
the downfall of Republican bossism in the State were taken
when Everett Colby was elected State Senator in Essex
County and Mark M. Fagan was re-elected Mayor of Jersey
City. The people voted the Eighth Commandment into the
governments of the State of Pennsylvania and the city of
Philadelphia. William II. Berry. Democrat and Prohibi¬
tionist, was elected State Treasurer, by a majority of over
(10,000, and the Fusion ticket swept Philadelphia County,
rolling up a majority of nearly 80,000 out of the heaviest
vote ever cast there. This is a crushing defeat for the
great Quay machine, which has held a throttling grip upon
the throats of city and State for more than a quarter of a
century. The reform movement began last May, when the
Penrose-Durham Republican organization of the city tried
to lease the city gas works to t lie United Gas Improvement
Company for seventy-five years, a lump rental of $25,000,00(1
to be paid down. This attempt was defeated by Mayor
John Weaver, who turned the representatives of the machine
out of his cabinet and offered his support to the City party,
a new and struggling independent organization. Following
the exposure and defeat of the gas steal came exposures of
gigantic frauds and stealings in connection with paving and
filtration contracts, and the estimate by a United States
Army engineer that filtration delay and frauds had been
responsible for twelve hundred deaths from typhoid fever and
that over $t!,000,000 had been stolen from the city by the
McNIchol-Durham contracting firm. To these city scandals
were added exposures of fraud in the management of the
State treasury. The Enterprise National Bank of Allegheny
failed, and the cashier, who committed suicide, left a con¬
fession declaring that the politicians had ruined him.
William II Berry, a Democrat. Mayor of the city of Chester,
was nominated for State Treasurer by the Democrats,
“Lincoln” Republicans, Prohibitionists and Independents,
and made a nine weeks' tour of the State, promising to “lift
the lid" from the Treasury and to have an audit made of
its books for the last 30 years. On this issue he carried the
State, which last year was carried by Roosevelt by 500,000.
For State and city judges practically the same tickets were
put up, the only difference being that the Prohibitionists
named Ilomer B. Castle, of Pittsburg, for judge of the
Superior Court. Castle has made charges against “Bull
Andrews. Senator Penrose. John I. Shaw and others which
plainly make him liable in both civil and criminal courts,
but no move has been made to prosecute him, and no effec¬
tive denial has ever been entered against any of his charges.
In New York City, Mavor McClellan was re-elected, having
a plurality of about 3,000 over William Randolph Hearst,
the candidate of the Municipal Ownership League, with
William M. Ivins, the Republican candidate hopelessly
beaten Mr Hearst anounced that he would contest the
election of Mayor McClellan. Campaign managers of the
Municipal Ownership League declared that they had evi¬
dence that 50.000 illegal votes had been cast in the election.
William Travers Jerome, the District Attorney of New 1 ork
County, is re-elected, with a plurality of about 4,500 votes
over James W. Osborne, the Tammany candidate. In San
Francisco. Eugene Schmitz, the Union Labor candidate, has
been re-elected Mayor.

ADMINISTRATION. — The Secretary of the Interior
awarded a contract November 4 to Orman & Crook of Pueblo.
Col for the construction of the Belle Fourehe dam. South
Dakota and distribution canals. The contract calls for the
construction of an earthen dam and ajtpurtenances, and
seventeen and a half miles of canals, involving about
2 500,000 cubic yards of earth work. 3.000 cubic yards of
rock excavation. 24,000 cubic yards of concrete masonry
and 45,000 pounds of steel and cas*t iron. The dam when
completed will be one of the largest earth embankments in
the United States. It will be 100 feet high in the highest
place, one mile long and 20 feet wide on top, with one and
one-half to one water slope, which will be completely paved
with stone to a depth of 12 inches. When the reservoir-
created bv this darn is full the area of the water surface
will be nearly 9,000 acres, and the water will be 60 feet

deep. The canals provided for in this contract are for
both sides of the Belle Fourehe River. The North Side
Canal will irrigate 60,000 acres, and the South Side
Canal 4,000 acres, emptying a quantity of stored water

into the river, which will be made to irrigate

20,000 acres of first-class land in the vicinity of Vale and
Empire. According to the contract the dam must be com¬
pleted by September 1, 1909; the North Side Canal by May

1, 1907, ami the South Side Canal by September 1. 1906.
It is specified that as work on the dam progresses the Re¬
clamation Service has a right to store water behind it to
such a height as the engineer may determine to be safe. In
case the work on any schedule is not completed on the date
required, a deduction of $50 per day will be made from the
amount due on the contract for such schedule for each and
every day the work remains uncompleted.

THE BEEF PACKERS. — J. Ogden Armour and the other
packers and employees charged in the United States Court
with being promoters of the Beef Trust, claim immunity
from prosecution under the present Indictment. The new
plea says that Commissioner Garfield promised the same
immunity for the defendants who gave evidence voluntarily
in his investigation as if they had been subpoenaed and
placed under oath. The allegation of an agreement between
Mr. Garfield and the packers was a surprise to the pros¬
ecuting attorneys, and it was said that Mr. Garfield had
been asked about it.

RUSSIA. — Reports from almost all sections of Russia tell
of mobs attacking prisons. Cossacks firing on the crowds
and massacres of Jews. The dead and wounded probably
number thousands. The Emperor's manifesto was favorably
received in a few cities, but there are signs that the popular-
discontent will not be appeased without further bloodshed.
The situation seems to be worst in South Russia and Poland.
There were many conflicts with the troops, with heavy loss
of life. Twenty persons were killed and more than a hun¬
dred wounded at Warsaw. Finland is in open rebellion,
and the red flag flies over the government buildings at
Helsingfors. At Odessa, horrible massacres of the Jews
occurred, the mobs controlling the city for days. The out¬
breaks can only be equalled by the most appalling

medireval persecutions. 'The estimates of the number of
victims grow in magnitude, being now placed at 3,500

killed and 12,000 wounded. The accuracy of these figures
will never be known, but when it is stated that in the
suburb of Moldevarka alone a thousand dead and wounded
lay in the streets from midnight until noon it will be

realized that no official denials will serve to hide the terri¬
ble extent of the butchery.

FARM AND GARDEN.— The semi-centennial meeting of
the Illinois State Horticultural Society will be held at

Champaign December 12-15.

The American Breeders’ Association will hold its second
annual meeting at Lincoln, Nebraska, Jan. 17-19. 1906.
The Association will be the guest of Nebraska’s numer¬
ous agricultural societies which meet together at Lincoln
during "Agricultural Week.” Several of the sessions will
be held jointly with one or more of the State societies in¬
terested in animal and plant breeding: secretary. W. M.
Hays, Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C.

APPLE RESULTS IN ARKANSAS.

Let your people know that they will meet with no oppo¬
sition in the apple business from Arkansas this year, for
a liberal estimate gives 20 per cent of a crop, and not
much better than seconds and culls at that. Many might
have had apples, had they worked for apples, as the follow¬
ing will demonstrate. The life of an apple orchard in this
state is held to be 15 years, a very wrong estimate, amount¬
ing to a popular fallacy. Last year Prof. Ernest Walker
of the A. U. Experiment Station bought an orchard of 30
acres; many of the trees had been cut out leaving about 27
acres in fruit. This land had been in corn before the war,
and for 8 or 10 years after the orchard was planted.
The orchard was cultivated, liberally treated with
potash and a general fertilizer, sprayed none too well where
the sprayer could not be seen from the house, for he
thought lie would prevent the Professor from throwing away
so much money. The Shockleys were pronounced the largest
and finest ever seen, same for the Coffelts: Mammoth Black
Twig gave a heavy crop of immense apples perfect as any
that ever grew ori trees, while old Ben Davis swelled up,
so that he was dark red in the face, and 16 inches around
the waist. Eight hundred barrels of No. 1 and fancy were
placed in cold storage, and 30 barrels of vinegar made. 'I’lie
vinegar will about pay for all expenses. An adjoining or¬
chard of 30 acres yielded 70 barrels of No. 2 and culls,
mostly the latter. These results, obtained in an off year,
furnished the best object lesson ever given the orehardlsts
of Arkansas, prove that an orchard 16 years old Is a
valuable asset, and that it does not hurt to have “book
learnln’ ” combined with practical common sense.

Fayetteville, Ark. _ J. s. R.

OUTLOOK FOR FURS.

The outlook for furs the coming season is encouraging,
both in our own country and Europe. The only doubtful
feature is the crippled condition of Russia’s affairs. Russia
lias always been a heavy buyer of American furs, and the
partial loss of her support will be felt here seriously.
Germany has been a splendid customer for several years,
being interested in such staple articles as skunk and mink.
France and England and all the other European nations
have been doing well by our American furs.

Following are a few notes on staple furs ;

BEAR has been low. Sooner or later fine bears will bring
increased prices; but whether or not this Winter no one can
say. No encouragment can be held out for inferior low-
furred, heavy-pelted skins.

OTTER. — All grades and all colors eagerly sought for.
Keen demand for fur-lined and fur-trimmed overcoats for
men’s wear, for which purpose it is well adapted.

BEAVER has been quite neglected. It was thought that
the popular taste for short-haired furs would stimulate
higher prices, but expectations were only partly realized.

MINK.— Prices ruled high, but demand was strong. Very
few mink left over, except in hands of manufacturers. All
grades and colors needed, although the fine dark skins and
the pale blending kinds, were most wanted. Mink of all
grades will undoubtedly bring good money to collectors, but
don’t try to overdo it. Let consumers have a chance, in
order that high prices may not drive them to some cheaper
and possibly imported fur.

MUSKRAT. — The black muskrats from Virginia, Delaware,
Maryland and southern Jersey were especially wanted for
coat linings with the result that their price was run up to
the turning point. Owing to the extremely cold spell
during February, when everything was frozen up, the catch
was not quite up to the average. The outlook is favorable;
but this is an article which is collected in such great
abundance that the demand for it must be strong to cause
any appreciable increase in price. It is essentially a poor-
fur. that can be bought in large quantities, which will
always serve to keep its price moderate.

SKUNK has had a heavy foreign demand. Had we been
obliged to depend on American demand. No. 1 skins would
have been bought and sold for less than a dollar. At
present skunk continues in favor in Europe, and will remain
in good demand during Winter, provided its price is not
forced to extremes.

RACCOON all through the season was very unsatisfactory
to handle. Coat manufacturers found it impossible to sell
(heir garments unless they could buy the raw material at a
lower basis, and the consequence was that demand slackened.
Ileavy-furred skins will probably sell at a lower range than
a year ago. as long-haired furs, among which we class
northern raccoon, have been gradually losing their hold,
being replaced by shorter haired furs.

OPOSSUM proved the greatest disappointment of the sea¬
son. crlefly due to lack of merit in the article itself.
It is cheap-looking fur, no matter how well dyed or made
up. Large stocks are still in the hands of speculators,
ready to be thrown on the market whenever any demand
develops. This naturally will depress the value of the
fresh collection. But the fact that all other furs are on
such a high range of value will tend to force the attention
of manufacturers to opossum, which is about the lowest
priced article on the list. In our opinion the wisest

course is to sell whenever a profit shows itself, even though
it may be a small one. ,

RED FOX has been losing favor for the past two years.
The dyers, by their clever work, succeeded in keeping it
in demand for several seasons, but the naturally poor wear¬
ing qualities, combined with the change in fashions, have
directed attention to other furs. There is still a quantity
of last year's skins left over. The full-furred skins from
(lie Far Northwest and Canada are doing reasonably well,
while the medium and poorer classes from central and
southern sections are quite weak.

LYNX. — The call for it seemed to be influenced entirely
by its price. When its cost went up, buyers dropped out ;
when it came down again, inquiries arose from all direc¬
tions. At reasonable prices it should move briskly.

MARTEN. — The demand showed principally in the tine
dark skins, all of which found eager buyers at increasing
prices. The prospects continue favorable. It ought to
prove a ready seller right through the Winter, and yet
collectors will have to pay so much for it. that its purchase
cannot be considered a good speculation. It will be a
good article to buy, but a better one to sell.

WILD CAT. — We cannot expect much of it this season.
There may be a little demand, but it will be of narrow
volume, and the price will undoubtedly rule low.

WOLF. — The better skins found buyers, but only at mod¬
erate prices. We see no promise of early improvement.

WHITE WEASEL sold as fast as offered at steadily in¬
creasing prices. Its future depends on the continued popu¬
larity of Russian ermine, for which it is used as an
imitation.

SILVER. CROSS AND WHITE FOX, SEA OTTER,
FISHER AND WOLVERINE all showed an increase in value
over the year before, in keeping with the general advance
in the finer furs. We see no reason why they should not
continue to hold their own. House cat and civet cat are
selling readily.

GINSENG. — The larger part of the present ginseng season
has been a failure owing to tTie inauguration of the Chinese
boycott. Our latest advices indicate that this boycott is
still in operation, but is not so violent as a month ago.
Early in October ginseng began to move a little, and
holders in the country took quick advantage of the oppor¬
tunity to close out part of their holdings. What the future
has in store is impossible for anyone to say. Cultivated
root still continues depressed and inactive, and thus far has
moved only in small lots at low prices.

New York. wit. eisenhaueii & co.

CO OPERATIVE INSURANCE AND kODS.

There is a wide diversity of opinion in regard to the pro¬
tection afforded by lightning rods, and a great deal of money
has been taken out of the pockets of the farmers, who as a
rule know but little about the principles of electricity, and
the smooth tongited unprincipled agents find but little trou¬
ble in convincing them that they should have rods put on.
A good many thousands of dollars have been paid out in my
own town the past year. I am not arguing that a rod is
not a good thing when properly put up. but they get a con¬
tract at so much a point, and then put them on till the
barn looks like a mullein patch. This may not have any¬
thing to do with the question, but I would not dare advo¬
cate their use without giving the caution first. A rod which
is allowed to rest on the roof or is not connected with the
soil is a menace. One will often see rods which have come
apart swing at the side of the barn, or the ends lying on
the shingles: these are allowed to remain so all Summer,
when the point may be struck and the current carried into
the building. A professor has said that “the area of the
storm is so large and the point so small, there can be no
attraction by the rod sufficient to cause the current to come
to it.” Notwithstanding, there are numerous instances where
the building has been struck and the current safely carried
away. At one time our company did allow a reduction for
all barns rodded, but when they began to believe that there
was no need to insulate them we were obliged to make re¬
strictions. We believe the principle of the protection of
building and their contents against lightning, by an ample
conductor, and well-insulated lightning rod of copper with
platinum point, is correct, and Is the best known atmospheric
conductor. Conductibility of electric currents is almost
exclusively in tire surface of metal : hence a solid core or bai¬
ls wrong: the hollow tube presents double the conducting
capacity, in having an outer and an inner surface. Copper
has many times the conductibility of iron, and many more
times than that of the water of an electric storm ; the at¬
mospheric current will never leave the copper tube rod until
plunged into its several feet of earth, as the terminus for
its circuit. Two rods, one near each end of building of
average size, are necessary (the more the better) and a cen¬
ter one for the larger buildings, at least. We now make a
reduction of 10 per cent on all buildings having a hollow
copper tube rod perfectly insulated and in repair. The sev¬
eral counties and Baron Steuben Co-operative Companies,
which I represent, were organized for the purpose of saving
all they could for their patrons, and believe that in advis¬
ing them to keep proper rods, their risk is lessened and the
rate should be lessened accordingly. c. e. chapman, See’y.

BUSINESS BITS.

Ale grain to be fed to live stock is increased in feeding
value when cooked for use. The progressive stockman is
on the alert to exercise this economy. As a rule the Profit
Farm Boiler made by D. R. Sperry & Co.. Batavia. Ill., will
pay its cost in a short time by the saving in quantity of
food required to produce a given amount of flesh growth.
The manufacturers will give full particulars to any
interested.

Confidence in their machines and confidence in their
customers is the secret of the success of the A. W. Straub
Co., manufacturers of the Quaker City Grinding Mills.
Their method of selling speaks well for the quality and
efficiency of their mills. Upon icquest, they send one of
their grinding mills free and prepay the freight. If, after
a fair trial, it proves unsatisfactory, they take it back. In
other words the machine sells itself. Ball bearings make it
the easiest running mill to be had. Write for catalogue to
A. W. Straub Co., 3737 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, and 47
South Canal Street, Chicago.

The Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway is dis¬
tributing a beautiful lithograph, 18x25 inches, of the famous
engine “General" now on exhibition in the Union Depot,
Chattanooga. Tenn. The picture is ready for framing and
will be mailed to any address for 25 cents. The “General”
was captured by the Andrews’ Raiders at Big Shanty (now
Kennesaw), Georgia, on the Western & Atlantic Railroad.
April 12th, 1862, and was recaptured by Conductor W. A.
Fuller, Anthony Murphy and others, near Ringgold. Ga.,
after an exciting chase of about ninety miles. It was one
of the most thrilling exploits of the Civil War. A booklet,
“The Story of the General,” sent free upon application to
W. L. Danley, G. P. A.. Nashville. Chattanooga & St. Louis
Railway, Nashville, Tenn.

A change has just taken place in the selling plan of the
American Harrow Company. All through the 25 years of
its business experience, the American Harrow Company has
been loyal to implement dealers. They have always, through
the dealer, made good every claim that they made for their
spreaders and other implements. For this reason they
naturally stand very high with the implement dealers
throughout theeountry. W. W. Collier. General Manager of
the Company, in a recent interview regarding the change in
their selling plan, said : “We will send one of our machines
to any farmer who will order it on 30 days’ loan test. He
can use the spreader, without paying us any money in
advance, or paying us any money for the use of the ma¬
chine. We pay all freight to his depot. If the machine

is not what we claim it to be, and if it does not do the

work we claim it to do. he can return It to us at our
expense, and the loan will cost him nothing. If the ma¬
chine is what we claim it is. and does what we claim it will

do, we give him time to pay for it to suit his convenience.
The time we give him easily lets the machine pay for itself
out of the profit it makes him, before he nays us." This
offer is very liberal and we recommend readers to write to
the American Harrow Company. 16 Milwaukee Ave.. De¬
troit, for their catalogue and other valuable information on
the subject of manure as a fertilizer.

83o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 18,

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

INTO OBLIVION.

Thousands are round us, toiling as we.
Living and loving, whose lot Is to he
Passed and forgotten like waves on the sea.

Once in a lifetime is uttered a word
That doth not vanish as soon as 'tis heard ;
Once in an age is humanity stirred.

Once in a century springs forth a deed
From the dark bonds of forgetfulness freed,
Destined to shine, and to help, and to lead.

Yet not e’en thus escape we our lot :

The deed lasts in memory, the doer is not :
The word Iivetli on hut the voice is forgot.

Who knows the forms of the mighty of old?
Can bust or can portrait the spirit unfold.

Or the light of the eye by description be told?

Be we content then to pass into shade.
Visage and voice in oblivion laid,

And live in the light that our actions have
made.

r — Arthur Hugh Clough (1819-1861).

*

Among novelties for a luxurious ward¬
robe are silk petticoats with lingerie
flounces. The petticoats are of taffeta,
pink, blue, white or lavender, and the
flounces of sheer organdy combined with
insertion and edging of fine lace. The
flounce is attached by a ribbon run
through . beading attached to the skirt,
and another that tops the flounce. It is
thus easily slipped off for laundering.

*

Dr. Barnardo, the “Waif’s Friend,”
used to tell the following story: At the
door of one of the boys’ homes was a
mat with the words, “Wipe your feet,”
inscribed upon it as a gentle hint. One
day as Dr. Barnardo was entering the
house he saw a new boy removing his
shoes and stockings — both quite strange
clothing to him — and wiping his feet on
the mat. He had taken the instructions
in a literal sense !

*

We have been afflicted with a large
hanging lamp that gave a very uneven
light, flickering and running up into
smoke on the slightest provocation, while
the ascending heat caused constant sway¬
ing of the upper part of the lamp. Re¬
cently a little mica smoke-guard, attached
at the top of the chimney, has been tried,
and to our surprise we find that all our
difficulties are at an end; the lamp burns
evenly, it no longer sways, and ordinary
care prevents smoking. The hardware
man says that no hanging lamp should
be without the mica guard. We are glad
to pass the suggestion on to others.

*

In response to a request, the following
recipe for marshmallows is given : Dis¬
solve three ounces of white gum arabic
in three-quarters of a cupful of hot water,
and strain through cheesecloth ; then add
eight ounces of powdered sugar, set over
a fire, and stir the mixture until it is
nearly stiff. Do not let it boil. Then
take it off the fire and beat it for several
minutes, adding a half teaspoonful of
vanilla. If sticky to the touch, beat it a
few minutes more. Sift a little corn-
vStarch into a pan, and pour in the mix-,
ture; when it is cold cut into squares,
and store in tin boxes, with cornstarch'
sifted between the pieces.

*

When blustery winds roughen and
crack the skin, cold cream is a comfort¬
ing application. The following recipe for
making it has been in family use for half
a century: White wax and spermaceti,
of each one-half ounce; oil of almbnds
four ounces ; rose water two ounces.
Shave up the wax and spermaceti, and
put it with the oil in an earthen vessel,
setting it on the back of the stove till

ioned people used to make this cold cream
when elders were in bloom, using elder-
flower water in place of rose water, and
this is very soothing to the skin. A lit¬
tle pot of homemade cold cream, or
“elder-flower balm,” wrapped in flowered
crape paper and tied with narrow ribbon,
makes a very dainty and inexpensive gift.
*

A good idea in making the Thanksgiv¬
ing chicken pie, is to cover it with bis¬
cuits instead of making a continuous
crust. Roll out the crust, cut out rounds
with a small biscuit cutter, and lay them
close together all over the pie, edges
touching. This is an old-fashioned way
of covering a meat pie, where biscuit
crust is used. If a rich puff paste is pre¬
ferred, we use a double crust. Roll out
a crust, and cover the pie; then roll out
a second thin crust, cut out rounds all
over it with a small biscuit cutter, and
then spread it over the first crust, which
has been moistened with milk, so that the
two layers adhere. This makes a very
nice crust. _

Soups Without Meat.

Vegetable soups, served piping hot, will
be welcome additions to the Winter bill
of fare, especially to those observing fast
days.

Baked Bean Soup will utilize a rem¬
nant of cold baked beans. Put into a
saucepan three cupfuls of baked beans,
three pints of water, two slices of onion,
two stalks of celery cut into inch pieces,
one and one-half cupfuls of canned toma¬
toes. Simmer for a half hour, then press
through a puree sieve. Add two table¬
spoonfuls of flour blended with two table¬
spoonfuls of butter, one level teaspoon¬
ful of salt and one-quarter of a teaspoon¬
ful of pepper.

Corn and Tomato. — Heat two table¬
spoonfuls of butter in a saucepan, put into
it two fine-cut onions, one bay leaf and
six whole black peppers ; cook five min¬
utes without browning; add one table¬
spoonful of flour, stir and cook two min¬
utes; then one quart of tomatoes, cut up
or canned; one tablespoonful of sugar,
one teaspoonful of white pepper; stir often
and cook ten minutes. Next comes one
pint of boiling water; cook five minutes,
rub the tomatoes through a sieve into a
clean saucepan and add a pint of corn,
cut from the cob or canned ; put it into
the soup and boil 15 minutes; mix the
yolks of two eggs with a half cupful of
cream or milk, stir into the soup, and
serve at once.

Pink Velvet Soup. — Half a canful of to¬
matoes, one pint of water, one tablespoon¬
ful of butter, one large onion, chopped
small; one potato shaved thin, a saltspoon-
ful of celery seed, a teaspoonful of salt,
a tablespoonful of sugar and a pinch of
sweet marjoram. Boil all together for
half an hour, or until the potatoes melt.
Strain, thicken with granulated tapioca or
cornstarch, boil five minutes, add a pinch
of baking soda, and then pour in a pint
of hot milk. Serve at once.

Almond and Celery Soup. — Cut in small
pieces a bunch of celery, using the leaves
and carefully scraped root ; add six pepper¬
corns, two bay leaves, a tablespoon ful of
onion juice, a thin slice of lemon, a tea¬
spoonful of salt, and a stick of cinnamon ;
cover with a quart of water and cook an
hour, strain and reheat, stirring in a cup
of rich milk (cream is better), a teaspoon¬
ful each of flour and butter blended to¬
gether, and one-quarter of a cup of
blanched almonds that have been pounded
to a paste, allowing soup to boil for a

moment or two after the nuts are added.
Serve very hot with cheese crackers.

Cream of Salsify. — Take two bunches
of salsify, wash, scrape and cut in small
pieces and boil until tender. While hot
mash and press through a colander. Have
ready a cream made of two tablespoons
of flour and two of butter melted together,
seasoned with one-half saltspoonful white
pepper and stirred into three cups milk
and one cup water, which have previously
been brought to a boil. Stir constantly
until the consistency of a puree; add the
prepared salsify, let boil up once, add
three-quarters of a teaspoonful salt, and
serve immediately.

Holders.

One year I had some holders given
me. They were different from any
I had ever seen, and upon using them I
found them far better than those I was
accustomed to using. They were large,
a little over seven inches long and six
wide, with corners rounded off. They
were quite thin, being made of but one
thickness of soft but thick flannel — old
under-flannels or soft trousers cloth —
and covered on each side with print, the
edges bound, and being furnished with a
loop to hang them up by. This loop, and
the same is true of loops on towels,
should have the ends, where they are
sewed on, spread apart from half an inch
to an inch, then the holder or towel may
be hung up with one hand, and one will
not have to stop and pick the loop open
with the other hand. These holders, be¬
ing large and not too thick, were very
convenient, and saved many burns. I dis¬
covered that two of them made a perfect
ironing holder. It was not so thick as to
tire the hand grasping the iron, and the
heat did not go through it as quickly as
it did through some thicker ones I have
used. It is a good plan to use two hold¬
ers, — or two sets, if two are used at a
time, — so that one set may be cooling off
while the other is in use. s. b. robbins.

The Bookshelf.

Heart’s Desire, by Emerson Hough.
This novel (which is really more properly
a group of connected stories) tells of a
rambling little adobe town in the far-off
Southwest, where there was no law save
that of frontier honor, no artificial civil¬
ization. and no restraint but the com¬
munity’s sense of fair play. Heart’s
Desire is the town itself — it is a man’s
town until invaded by a family from
Kansas — and it seems an enchanted spot
set in the midst of desert loneliness. The
citizens of Heart’s Desire include Curly
and the other cow punchers; Tom Osby,
the freighter, whose mule team first
brought civilization to Heart’s Desire in
the form of a parrot and a graphophone;
Doc Tomlinson, a druggist in a commun¬
ity where no one ever needed drugs ; Dan
Anderson, the lawyer, who meets his
long-buried romance from the distant
East, and a number of other picturesque
personalities with varied careers. The
book is charmingly written, with real
feeling and understanding, giving a vivid
picture of conditions now passing away,
while preserving throughout a tone of
idyllic sentiment. Published by the Mac¬
millan Company, New York; price $1.50.

New Creations in Plant Life, by W.
S. Harwood; 368 pages; 50 illustrations;
The Macmillan Co., New York; price
$1.75, postage 15 cents additional. This
book is an attempt at a detailed account of
the life and work of Luther Burbank up
to the present time. The author displays
more enthusiasm than knowledge of hor¬
ticulture or sense of the fitness of things;
and one can but feel that Mr. Burbank is
worthy of a more discriminating biogra¬
pher.

When you write advertisers mention Thb
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Earning

Money

Anyone — man, woman, boy,
girl — can do it and no ex¬
perience is necessary. The
Ladies’ Home Journal and
The Saturday Evening
Post have made it sure. All •
you need is faith in yourself.

If you think you’re going
to amount to something,
write to

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

and get your start now.

HOOD RUBBERS

/hood\

TRADE f rubber comp*wy) MARK)

V BOSTON // ~

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/F you CF/V/VOT GET THESE HUB -

Bffis f/fofifrouADfMEB-m/rEi/s

ST. LOUIS WORLD’S FAIR FURNITURE

We bought the entire 950,000,000
ST. LOUIS WORLD’S FAIR, ami offer
you ail tiie furniture therefrom, It
U mostly new, repre.eutiugexhibitor.’
samples, furnishings of offices, bar¬
racks, hotels, foreign and statebuild
ingi, etc. Extraordinary bar
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scroll work filling.' Five col¬
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or Ited, Two sizes, full and
three-quarter; complete with
well braced spring <T* C QK
and splendid cotton top mattress— nil for .... iDOiud
Send for our 500-1’age FREE Illustrated Catalog No. F.
A. 57 on materiul from World’s Fair, also Lumber,
Plumbing Material, Heating Apparatus, Hoofing, Wire,
Hardware, Clothing, Furniture, ShoeB, etc. Address
Chicago House Wrecking Co., 35th &lron Sta., Chicago

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market.
Don’t be deceived
by pictures that
look like

“The Hessler.”

To got tiie best,
insist on' having
tiie Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not tiie im¬
itation. Agents

RURAL MAIL BOX. ZwnT eV6ry

H. E. HESSLER CO., Syracuse, N.Y.

.80 UP.

I

,

r ’v;«

~ '”■1111111

25 Styles of
Feed Grinders.

4 Styles of
Feed Cookers.

InEverything for the

Several Styles and
Kinds Sawing Outfits.

Our new
big gene¬
ral catalogue. Just Is-

Farm and Home. over 400 pag^s" of i'll US- Everr Hud of Vehicle/

_ trated descriptions, quotes lowest prices on everything for the farm. You

need this catalogue If you want to buy to your owu assured advantage. We defy competition
prices— guaranteed quality considered. ~

Tank Heaters— 4 kinds.

We aety competition on

_ _ Positive bargains in all kinds of farm implements and

supplies, vehicles and harness. We have added Household Furniture and can furnish your
home, or any part of it, at prices that are right. If you need furniture or other articles you should
have our new general catalogue, No. C 87. Write for It to-day. It’s free and It quotes lowest
prices on good goods. Address

CASH SUPPLY AND MANUFACTURING CO. 510 -Lawrence Sq.. Kalamazoo, Mich,

it melts. When melted remove from the
stove, and while cooling stir in the rose
water carefully, so it is fully incorporated.
Store in close earthen or glass vessels.
The little glass or china pots in which
many salves or tooth pastes are sold are
convenient for this purpose. Old-fash-

your Health and STRENGTH with

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invigorator for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN. —Get it from your Druggist.

1905.

Christmas Ahead.

II.

As Bettie put away her box of Christ¬
mas work Helen said : “Speaking of
things people buy at a woman’s exchange
reminds me of your pickles. Blow many
of those neat little jars full did you send
your brother last year?”

“Five sorts. I think, and he said he

6157 Work Apron with Half Sleeve*.
Small, Medium, Largo.

liked every one best, so I have added chili
sauce this year and made an even half-
dozen. And I have been getting ready
a collection of jellies for my cousin at
college. She uses them with wafers when
she makes afternoon tea. I shall stain
some small grape baskets to pack the
glasses in. You know that with a pack¬
age of dye you have only to dissolve some
in hot water and paint the baskets green
or pumpkin yellow or any color you like.”

“O, that reminds me of the fern baskets
I am going to fix right away. Those
slender green ferns with brown stems
and scarcely an inch wide grow well in
Winter; at least they keep green and
fresh, and one can pack them close to¬
gether with some partridge-berry vines
for a border and pretty green mosses.

6174 Long or Short Kimono. 34 to 42 bust.

“But how will you make your baskets,
or keep them from dripping and being
untidy?”

“Don’t you know? My baskets are all
tin cans, the flat round kinds, such as the
best salmon and beef tongues come in. I
melt off the top rims and punch a hole or
two in the bottoms for drainage. Then
I set each on a little saucer such as comes

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

83 1

with flower pots. The basket part, which
is all that shows, is a strip of fine mat¬
ting. I make it deep enough to hide both
tin and saucer. If 1 can have the selvage
edge for the lower finish so much the bet¬
ter. But one can finish top and bottom
the same. Sometimes I sew on a pretty
braid ripped from an old straw hat and
dyed green, but last year I found some
fine hay in the cow barn which looked
as pretty as sweet grass. I sewed on a
border of that just as the Canadian people
use sweet grass, only I used green em¬
broidery silk or silkateen to overhand it
with. If you cut the ends quite slanting
it is easy to make them meet without
showing the joining. Of course the mat¬
ting has to be lapped and sewed neatly
first. Some one gave me a roll of pretty
floor mattings in short lengths, but prob¬
ably one could buy remnants at a carpet
store. I even made some glove boxes
covered with it and lined with padded
pink silk.”

“We must go up in the woods to-mor¬
row and get the ferns before the ground
freezes They grow in rocky places, do
they not?”

“Yes, and you often see them growing
in old wells between the stones. But I
can never bear to uproot any such pretty
things where any eyes are likely to see
them. I never dig ferns by the roadside,
but go to the woods and swamps for
them.”

“And didn’t you make some pretty
things with raffia last year?” asked Bet-
tie.

“Oh, those little jars for cold cream,
and the match holders? They were pret¬
ty, weren’t they ! At least every one
praised them. For the match holders I
bought little five-cent glasses, whisky
glasses people call them. Raffia is won¬
derful stuff, so strong and yet so pliable.
For some I used green and for others
bright yellow. Wring a cloth out of boil¬
ing water and roll your raffia up in it.
It will soon be pliable, but not too damp.
I split each strand into two or three, so
as to keep my work fine and dainty. I
began by making a very simple Teneriffe
wheel of the raffia. That was for the
bottom, but the outer loops could be bent
up to begin the sides and they made an
even row of stitches to work on. One
had only to thread the raffia into a coarse
needle and work two close buttonhole
stitches in every loop, leaving an even
length of raffia as one passed from loop
to loop. These spaces made the next
row of loops. I worked round and
round, holding the glass in its place to

shape my work on, and trying to have
my stitches very even. Half-way up one
can make one round of loops a half-inch
deep and then work fine again and do
you know you can iron the raffia out into
pretty ribbons for hanging up your match
holders? If the raffia is just damp
enough and the iron not too hot a wide
strand makes a dainty ribbon.”

“And did you cover the jars the same
way?”

“Yes, nearly the same, but with a ring
made of fine wire the size of the top I
finished the cover securely in place, and
then with another ring the same size made
a lid. I wound my rings with raffia to
hide the wire, and worked the lid in
nearly solid under and over the spokes I
first stretched across it. Some hinges like
two little loops held the lid on one side,
and you can work a loop and button to
fasten it shut, for there’s almost no limit
to the neat things you can contrive with
raffia.”

“But where did you get the jars?”.

“Well, there are a good many things
that come in little white, or clear glass
jars. Some of my prettiest ones were
just yellow earthenware, and had held
some fancy sort of cheese, but the color
was very pretty showing through the
open-work of dull green raffia.”

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Rural Patterns.

A big apron, with separate half sleeves,
is a very efficient dress protector. As
shown, the apron is made with fronts
and side portions and is extended at the
back to form suspenders, that are crossed
and brought over, then buttoned into place
over the front. At each side is a gener¬
ous patch pocket. The sleeves are finish¬
ed with bands at their lower edges and
with casings at the upper in which elastic
is inserted to keep them in place. The
quantity of material required for the
medium size is 5^. yards 27 or 5% yards
36 inches wide. The pattern 5157 is cut
in three sizes, small, medium and large,
corresponding to 34, 38 and 42-inch bust
measure ; price 10 cents.

The kimono shown is quite simple, made
with the yoke and the full portion and
can be cut off in sacque length if better
liked. The sleeves are in flowing style,
gathered at the shoulders, and are fin-
nished with bands to match those at the
front and yoke. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 7^4 yards
27 or 32, 5Bt yards 44 inches wide, with
1 yards of contrasting material or 5%
yards of ribbon for the bands for full
length, 4 yards 27, 3^2 yards 32 or 2
yards 44 inches wide for shorter length.
The pattern 5174 is cut in sizes for a 34,
36, 38, 40 and 42-inch bust measure ;
price 10 cents.

Roy«ti

B aKirt^r Powder

Absolutely

Pure

Royal Baking Powder is indispensable
to finest cookery and to the comfort
and convenience of modern housekeep¬
ing. Royal Baking Powder makes hot
breads, cakes and pastry wholesome.
Perfectly leavens without fermentation.
Qualities that are peculiar to it alone.

There is no substitute for Royal
Baking Powder where the best and
most healthful food is required.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK

When you write advertisers mention Thh
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

NOURISH

the body, don’t dose it
with medicine. Scott’s
Emulsion is the best
nourishment in existence.

It is more than a food;
you may doubt it, but it
digests perfectly easy and
at the same time gets the
digestive functions in a
condition so that ordinary
food can be easily di¬
gested. Try it if you are
run down and your food
doesn’t nourish you.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Pillar'd around by everlasting hills,
llobed in the drapery of descending Uoods."

NIAGARA

FALLS

One of the natural wonders of
the world. A charming place at
any season of the year, reached
from every direction by the

NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES.

A visit to the Falls is an object
lesson in Geography ; an exhibi¬
tion of landscapes that no painter
can equal, and a glimpse of the
latest developments of the in¬
dustrial world.

A copy of Four-Track Series No. 9, “ Two
Days at Niagara Falls,” will be sent free,
upon receipt of a two-eent stamp, by George
U. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, Grand
Central Station, New York.

Ask liy Trsde-Msrk.

• dealer JlBr *8 Guaranteed to go twice as far ’
for it JW as paste or liquid polishes. X-lf!iy is the
J O R | C I N A L Powdered Stove

Polish. It gives a quirk, brilliant lustre and I>oes
Slot Horn OfT. Sample sent if you address Dept. Id
LAHOST, CORLISS & CM., Ayt.,, 78 Hudnun St., New York.

MUSIC LESSONS

Send for our PQ J P
booklet, it is IVltka
It tells how to learn to play any instrument. Piano,
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc.. Write American
School of Music, 333 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

BURN AIR-IT’S CHEAP. uKE°m

Consume* 895 Barrels of Air to 1 gallon
.of Kerosene. Penny fuel, bums like gee,
'ihotteHt lire, won’t explode, saves work and
'fuel bills. No coal, wood, dirt, ashes— no
wick, no valves, ensy onerated .
handsome, durable. Ideal for
cooking, roasting, baking,
ironing, also for heating
houses, stores, rooms, etc.,
With radiating attachment.
13000 Harrison Wickless
Valveless Oil-Gas and Air
Burners sold 1 montn. Agents lFartfed-!B40 Weekly.

GREATEST: MONEY MAKER— Guaranteed, all sizes, sent any-
owhere,$3 up. Write, Frisk proposition, 30 day trial offer. Address
only nifgrs. WORLD 51FG. CO., 5909 World B’ld’g, Cincinnati, O.

44

Big Four 99

Operates in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
and Kentucky,

2,600 Miles

of the best constructed and finest equipped railroad
in America, and also maintains magnificent through
train service in connection with Lake Shore, New
York Central to New Y'ork, and Boston & Albany to
Boston. Also with Michigan Central to Detroit,
Mackinaw City and Intermediate Points, and with
C. &0. to Washington. Baltimore and Richmond. Va.
Write for Folders.

WARREN J. LYNCH,

Gen’l Pass. & Ticket Agent,
CINCINNATI, O.

832

November 18.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, November 18, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Close Cropping . 825

Hope Farm Notes . 826

A Summer Boarder Farm . 833

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

A Dairy of Grade Cows . 834

Oats and Peas for Ilorses . 834

Another Balky Horse Remedy . 834

A Fine Jersey Cow . 835

Meaty Notes from Maine . 835

HORTICULTURE.

Cost of Greenhouse . 821, 822

More About Woolly Peaches . 822

History of the McMahan Apple . 822

Platform for Hauling Apples . 823

Delaware as an Apple State . 823

Peaches for Eastern New York . 824

Renewing a Massachusetts Orchard . 824

Soil Sterilization . 824

Great Chrysanthemum Show . 825

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 825

Apple Results in Arkansas . 829

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 830

Soups Without Meat . 830

Holders . 830

The Bookshelf . 830

Christmas Ahead II . 831

The Rural Patterns . 831

MISCELLANEOUS.

Concrete Blocks for Building . 822

What About Cement Posts . 823

Products, Prices and Trade . 825

Editorials . 828

Events of the Week . 829

Outlook for Furs . 829

Co-operative Insurance and Rods . 829

Business Bits . 829

Pumping from Distant Welt . 832

Publisher's Desk . 833

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending November 11. 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official tig
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear _to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these figures
are the average of several sates.

GRAIN.

Wheat. No. 1 . Northern Duluth —

@ 975/a

No. 1, hard. Manitoba..

. . . -

@ 97

No. 2, red, for export. .

. . . * -

@ 95 Vt

-

@ 62

Oats .

_ _

@ 37

Rye .

—

@ 7 2 i/o

Barley .

. . . 54

@ 65

IIAY AND STRAW.

llay. No. 1 .

. . 16.00

@16.50

No. 2 .

. .14.00

@15.00

No. 3 .

. .12.00

@13.00

Clover, mixed .

. .12.00

@ 1 3.00

Clover .

10.00

@11,00

Straw, long rye .

. .14.00

@15.00

Short, and Oat .

@11.00

MILK.

N. Y. Exchange price 3 Vi cents per quart
in 26-cent zone, in effect November 11.
BUTTER.

Creamery, first quality .

Lower grades .

State Dairy .

Imitation Creamery .

Factory .

Renovated .

Packing Stock . . .

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

Fair to choice .

Light skims .

Full skims . '. . . .

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

Selected, white, choice .

Mixed, extra .

Nearby, fair to good .

Western and southern .

Refrigerator .

23 @

23 Mi

1 6 % (7n

22. * ..

16 @

09

1 7 @

19

15 @

17%

1 5 @

20

15 @

17

— @

13%

1 2 M* @

1 3 Vi

10% @

11

3%@

4y2

. 35(5} 37
32 @ 34

29 (5! 30

24 (5) 26

20 @ 24

18 % @ 23

NUTS.

Chestnuts, bu . 4.50

Iliekorynuts, bu . 2.00

Butternuts, bu . 50

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Twenty Ounce

Pound Sweet .

York Imperial ....

Snow .

Ben Davie .

Maiden Blush .

Fall Pippin .

McIntosh .

Baldwin .

Spi tz .

Iiubbardston .

Greening .

Western, bu. box...
Culls and windfalls.

Pears, Seckel .

Bose .

Clairgeau . .

Ivieffer .

Quinces, bbl .

Grapes, 18-lb. case. . . ,

4-lb. basket .

Cranberries, bbl .

.2.50
2.25
2.75
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.00
1.00
5.00
3.00
2.50
1.00
1 .00
50
10
7.00

VEGETABLES,

Potatoes. L. I.. 180 lbs . 2.37

State & Jersey, round sorts. 2.00

Long kinds . 2.00

Sweet potatoes, bbl . 75

Brussels sprouts, quart . 8

Beets. 100 bunches . 75

Callage, red. ton . 20.00

White Danish seed . 16.00

Domestic seed . 12.00

Celery, dozen . 15

Cucumbers, bill . 2.00

Cauliflower, bbl . . 1 .50

Eggplants . 1.50

Lettuce, bill . 50

Lima Beans, bu . 1.00

Mushroms, lb . 10

Onions, Conn., white, bbl . 2.00

Conn., yellow . 2.00

Conn., red . 1 .50

Orange Co., yellow, bag.... 1.75

Orange County, red . 1.25

Long Island, bbl . 1.50

Banners, bbl . 1.00

Sninach. bbl . 75

Squash, Hilliard, bbl . 75

Marrow . 50

Turnins. Ruta baga, bbl . 75

Tomatoes, bu . 50

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . - —

Fowls . 10

@7.00
@2.50
@ 75

(a 4.00
@3.00
@ 3.50
<0 4.00
@3.50
(a 8.50
@3.50
(a 5.00
@3.50
@5.00
ui 3.50
(a 4.50
<5 4.50
@2.00
@8.00
<0 4.50
@4.25
@3.00
<0 3.50
@ 1.25
@ 15
@13.00

@2.62
(a 2.5(1
<0 2.25
@1.50
<§ 1 2
(a 1.25
(a 25.00
@18.00
(<’ 14.00
@ 50
@ 5.00
@ 2.00
@ 2.50
@1.00
(a 2.00
<g 50
@ 4.50
<0 2.50
(a 2.25
@2.00
@1 .75
@2.00
@1.50
@ 1 .00
@1.00
@ 75
@1.12
@1.25

@ 10
@ 11

Roosters . 6 @ 7

Turkeys . — @ 14

Ducks, pair . 60 @ 80

Geese, pair . 1.12 @1.62

Pigeons, pair . . .• . — @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Spring Turkeys, lb . 14 @ 15

Old Turkeys . 13 @ 17

Chickens, fey, broilers, lb. . . . 22 @ 24

Fair to choice . 18 @ 20

Prime roasters . — • @ 26

Fair to good . 14 @ 18

Fowls . 13 @ 14

Ducks . 10 (a 14

Geese . 15 @ 20

Squabs, prime, dozen . 3.00 @4.00

Mixed and dark . 1.75 @2.50

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Veal calves, 11) . . — @ 11%

Pork . 7 Vi @ 8%

Roasting Pigs . 10 @ 12 %

LIVE STOCK.

Native steers, 100 lbs . 3.30 @5.10

Oxen and stags . 2.75 @4.50

Bulls . 2.15 @3.40

Cows .

, . . , .

.

...1.35 @3r&

Milch cows

with

calves. . .

... 30.00" fit

Calves, veal

... 5 *

Culls _

Sheep . . . .

Lambs . . . .

Ilogs, State

and

Pa .

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots. Single
bag lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate, of soda . — @52.00

Muriate of Potash . — @42.00

Acid Phsphate . — @14.00

Ivainit . — @12.00

Dried Blood . — @65.00

WILD GINSENG

Southern, lb . 6.50

Western . 6.75

Northern . 7.00

@6.75

@7.00

@7.50

PUMPING FROM DISTANT WELL

I want to add a word or two of advice
to that given to M. M. W., page 674, rela¬
tive to pumping from well at a distance.
The most important item of all is tin.: * >s
line pipe from pump to water li’ ~ 1

be at least one size and if ft, >vo
sizes larger than his set length., , ^ *pwn
well is over 100 feet from horrse* and
about same lift as his. I have handled
many thousands of feet of pipe,'- and can
assure him that this advice, although in¬
volving a little extra expense, is sound,
and that he cannot have an casy-ivorking
pump unless he follows it, as the friction

in the long line pipe will add consider¬
ably to the work and decrease the flow.
We use a Douglas pendulum force and
lift pump and want nothing better. Di¬
ameter of pipe in set length is one and a
quarter, and our line pipe from foot of
set length to water is one and a half.
On a distance such as his I should sure¬
ly use two inch, advice of “practical”
plumbers to the contrary notwithstanding.
The additional cost will not be so very
great. The proper way to install this out¬
fit is to use as long a set length as possi¬
ble — six or eight feet, if possible, al¬
though this necessitates digging a deeper
trench near the house. Let the fall to
entrance at well be gradual and constant
and free from bends or humps. Make
connection at foot of set length by a short
nipple same size as set length and a
reducing elbow, reducing from size of line
pipe to size of set length nipple, say 2
inches by 1J4 inch. Don’t couple up with
an elbow same size as your set length —
the reducing ells come in all sizes. Make
all joints extra tight and put a swinging
check valve at the foot of the line pipe
just before it makes the bend to go down
in the well. Put on a foot valve if you
want to, but do not neglect the swinging
check — it means ease of operation and
no priming. After everything is coupled
up prime the pump and pump away — it
will take a good while to fill the pipe,
for you are pumping air, which is elastic,
but after a while, if the work is done
right and the joints tight, the water will
appear and you will find the pumping no
harder than on an ordinary straight lift
of equal height. This is because your
water in the line pipe moves so slowly
(comparatively) as to require no appre¬
ciable force to move it, the large diameter
of the pipe practically making it a reser¬
voir connecting with the well. In the
diagram, P is pump, S sink, F floor, L
pump cylinder, E nipple same size as set
length, say three inches long; H reducing
elbow, D swinging check, B elbow, A lift
pipe. c. c.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,1
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES:

Game,

1 Poultry

Mushroom*,

Furs,

I Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

1 Fancy Bgg*.

Thanksgiving Poultry.

Apples, Pears. Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray 8t., New York.

TOP MARKET PRICES

If you want Hay, Straw, Fruits, Produce, Poultry, But*
Lggs, etc., to firing Top Market Prices: send to¬
day tor our illustrated booklet giving details, Refer¬
ences and Methods of Handling goods, Market Quota¬
tions, Stencils, Shipping cards— Sent FREE on request

_ F. H. KEELER & CO.,

104 Murray Street, New York.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

SAN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages; both sexes, from the right place.

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

White Holland Turkeys

HENS and TOMS not akin, 183 to S>5 each. Eggs
in season. M. 0. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, N. Y.

MR. TRAPPER

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

S5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

II. F. SMITH.

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville.
Tenn. Dept. C.

enp DC|JT A fine farm in Carroll Co. Md ,
run ntn I ■ 200 acres; U0 beingmeadow; well
watered by springs and two streams; ample farm
buildings and hay barracks; new tenant house: wells
at tenant house and barn. Possession at any time;
money rent. The mansion, 21 room fully furnished
would he let with farm to a suitable tenant. Trolley
between Baltimore and Frederick will be running a
mile from farm within a year. A. P. GORDON
GUMMING, Freedom, Carroll County, Md.

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

Reliable New Jersey Farms— Large stock and dairy
farms, highly improved. Productive truck and fruit
farms, small farms, country-seats, country homes and
mansions. We do not handle low grade farms on easy
terms, nothing we cannot conscientiously recommend,
bend for lists.

A. W. DRESSER, Burlington, N. J.

~ iw Avviv i uiui.uuui ucYUtcu

to special crops yielding an annual income of
$5,000 to $0,000. C. A. Goetzman, Lyons, N. V.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

1 For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-eent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK. Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

UI a MTCn a position about December 1st to take
l , , , , care of and milk a small herd of pure

bred Holstein Cows and care for a small truck garden,
preferably near New York City, by a middle aged
S’Ofn,0 man of experience: best of references. Address
W. F. N., care oi Rural New-Yorker.

FAR QAI F cheap, my 200 acre farm near Chesa
I Ull vHLIa peake Bay, one mile from county
seat; good markets; ideal climate.

A. W. HEPBURN, Mathews, Ya.

Are you aware that the man who ships to Skunky
Jim does not lose any sleep worrying about his
returns? He knows he'll get a square deal. I’m
anxious to prove the above assertion to you. May 1?
Established 1899. Price list free.

JAS. P. ELLIS, Stony Ford, Orange Co., N. Y.

ATT E N T I O NTJp #."! sS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

HARNESS n/fail

Our plan of selling custom-made, oak-tanned harness
t.y mail, direct from the factory at wholesale prices, is
a big saving to every farmer. All harness is guaranteed.
If it’s faulty in any way, return it and get your money
back. Write for illustrated catalogue F and pricelist.
THE KING HARNESS CO., 6 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.

AGENTS

WANTED

For Meud-a-Rip

Greatly improved. Better than over.

llooa all kinds of light and heavy
riveting and
stitching.

Saves its

cost many times a year. A per¬
fect Hand Sewing Machine and Riveter
combined. Notice the Automatic Spacer
which makes neat, even stitching. To

show it means a sale. Agents make
$3 to $15 a day. One agent made 920 first
day and writes to hurry machines to him. Write forapeo*
lal agta. price. JB. Foote Foundry Co.Dep. 337 Fredericktown,0

( The Great Agents Supply House)

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three great pursuits have again
shown wonderful results on the

HOMESTEAD LANDS

WESTERN
CANADA

Magnificent Climate— Farmers plowing
in their shirt sleeves in the middle of
November.

“All are bound to be more than
pleased with the final results of the
pust season’s harvests.”— Extract.

Coal, wood, water, hay in abundance—
schools, churches, markets convenient.

This is the era of 41.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Supt. of Iia*
migration, Ottawa, Can.; or to

IHOS. DUNCAN, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuso lltok Building, SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Mention this paper.

WFQTFPN FA PMC Handsome illus-

iWEO I Clin lAnlndi trated List Free.
Chicago Farm Agency, 12.-.9 Hartford Bldg., Chicago.

tous springs or pads. Auto¬
matic Air Cushion. Binds
I VAJUi and draws the broken
jr \ parts together as you
I ^ / ) would a broken limb. No

x ^ s salves. No lymphol. No

lies. Durable, cheap. Pat.
8ept. 10. ’01.

SENT ON TRIAL'.

CATALOGUE FREE.
BROOKS APPLIANCE CO.. Box 547, MARSHALL. MICH.

Our GOu pagfe gerfertil Catalogue will
be sent free upon request. Freight
and expressrates are lowerfrom New
York than any other city In America.

ROTARY WASHING MACHINE

The latest most
improved
washing ma¬
chine on the
market. It
works faster
and easier than
any Other and
Is the most
valuable assist¬
ant a housewife
can have. It Is
strongly made
In every part.
The lid Is inde-
pendent of
gearing so that
the heavier
parts do not
have to be
lifted as in
other makes,
The inside is
corrugated and
the gearing is
adjusted to
very rapid
operation. You
should send for
this washer
and try it. We
refund your
money if you

are not satisfied.

White, Van Glahn &Co.,15£TS,SQ-

Est. lHlg. Get our catalog.

01DEST HAH ORDER
HOUSE /HAHER/CA

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Grimm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost in one season. This is Guaranteed or no
sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print *'C” free. Terms, May 1.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt., and Hudson, O.

If you can give us 3 to 5 days of your spare time, wre will show you

How You Can Get a 3 to 4 mo. old Pig, Ex. Paid to your Sta.

We Don’t Ask You to Invest One Cent.

This offer is only open for a limited time and represents $3,000 worth of stock.

So write at once.

Penna. Berkshire Co., Fannettsburg, Pa.,

Breeders of Improved Large English Berkshires, the Long, Broad Low
Down Kind That Get Big Quick on Less Feed Than
any Other Strain of Swine.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

833

PUBLISHERS DESK.

A Texas subscriber sends us this. If
this is not roasted enough to suit the
average taste, we will do it to a turn
next time:

There has been a patent right swindle
operating in this county selling rights to a
George ii. Smith adjustable bridle bit. and
promoted by J. W. Fret we II of Nashville,
Tenn. Dozens of young boys are being fleeced,
while old men do not escape. Of course
they will go from here to another State, and
you may save many dollars to people of
other States if you will roast them good and
brown. J. t?. F.

Texas.

We have had occasion before to refer
to the conduct of J. A. Bennett Sons Co.,
Gouverneur, N. Y. Last February Mrs. IT.
M. Davis, Peekskill, N. Y., sent them a
remittance of $5 for a brooder, the re¬
mainder to be paid on -delivery. She has
not been able to get either the brooder
or the return of the money. They have
acknowledged the money, and have stated
that the brooder was shipped, but inquiry
at both express and freight offices shows
that no shipment was made. A corre¬
spondent at Gouverneur writes as follows :

From all that I can learn of this firm
they are thoroughly bad. and wholly irre¬
sponsible. I am told that they change the
name of their firm often and go into bank¬
ruptcy as occasion requires, and resort to
all snide methods of evading their obliga¬
tions. They have no credit here, I am in¬
formed. although they make and ship a
good many brooders. If you have acquired
the science of squeezing blood from a turnip,
you may cause them to disgorge, or to send
a brooder for use in 1906, to Mrs. Davis.

Turnip blood is rather a pale liquid, and
from past experience we do not expect
to extract much of it from this concern.
We simply want to put it out of their
power to impose further on R. N.-Y.
readers.

Our next issue will be our Thanks¬
giving number. It will have a cover of
heavy white super-calendered paper with
an artistic full page illustration on the
first page, and the whole will be printed
in colors. It will be a handsome paper
and one in which you will feel a special
interest and a pardonable pride. But the
best part of it will be in the text. We
have been at work on it for several weeks.
We have spared no pain to get for it
the very best thought and brains in the
county, and we have prepared to brighten
it up with a profusion of striking and
original illustrations.

This will be our first issue of the
100,000 copies that we have been so
anxious to reach. Our regular list is
yet short of this limit. We will have
some copies for distribution as samples.
If you have any friends to whom you
would like to send a sample send us the
names and addresses and copies will be
mailed promptly. Or if you send any
10-weeks’ trial orders for 10 cents, we
will see that they get a copy of this
issue, provided you send before the issue
is exhausted.

You have an interest in the appearance
of your farm paper. It represents your
industry. If it is clean and fearless and
honest it reflects your appreciation of
these qualities. The business and pro¬
fessional men of the country look to the
agricultural paper as an index of farm
life, and farm conditions. We want 1 he
R. N.-Y. in appearance as well as in spirit
to represent the best in farm homes, and
in farm enterprise. Nothing less will
merit the patronage of the superior class
of farmers which it represents.

A “ SUMMER BOARDER” FARM.

Our place is getting to be quite a Summer
resort. There are several quite large board¬
ing houses and many farmhouses where a
few boarders come from the city each Sum¬
mer. Wo have a farm of 160 acres; can cul¬
tivate about 40 ; the rest of it is pasture or
mountain woodland, mostly chestnut. We
raise four or five acres of corn, about as much
oats, one or two acres of rye, for straw and
for rye bread and about two acres of pota¬
toes. Also buckwheat for cakes in the Win¬
ter. We have a good garden, plenty of sweet
corn, for ourselves ; have strawberries for
ourselves; have sold them sometimes. We
have plenty of other berries for our own
use. That means a boarding house where
there are usually 15 or 20 through .Tune,
July and August. This year I have had my
first crop of peaches from 175 trees planted
five years since, just after I had taken the
short Winter course at Missouri Agricultural
College. Have sold about 60 baskets, and

used nearly half as many more. Some of the
peaches were very fine; others were small on
account of the dry weather. Almost all of
the trees are very strong and healthy and
growing well ; have been cultivated every
year. First I had potatoes between the trees,
then strawberries, giving considerable culti¬
vation. We have an Aermotor that pumps
water from a drilled well 80 feet deep. Un¬
like the one at Hope Farm, our tank is
underground. The well was drilled near the
top of a hill back of the house, so the water
runs to the third story. We have a hot
water heater for the house that is very satis¬
factory. Have kept the rooms at 80 degrees
when the thermometer registered 15 or 20
degrees below zero outside with a good wind
blowing. I think our heater is easier to
manage too, than some steam heaters in the
place. The underground tank near the wind¬
mill has been very satisfactory, water is
quite cool in Summer and does not freeze in
Winter. The pipe to the house was not deep
enough at first and did freeze. We had to
dig up a short piece of it two or three times,
then in a very cold time it stopped again. I
dug for two days, much of the time in a slow
cold rain, found the pipe frozen under 2 Vi
feet of dirt but got it started at last. Then
1 covered it with horse manure until warm
weather about a month later — when we dug
it all up again and put it all down from 3
to 4 feet deep. It didn’t freeze last Winter.

Newfoundland, N. J. h. s. e.

He: “A marvellous discovery, my
dear lady! That life can be produced in
sterilized bouillon by the action of rad¬
ium. What trains of thought it gives
rise to! Why, this may have happened
in this world of ours, millions of years
ago!” She: “Er — yes, of course! I un¬
derstand that there might have been rad¬
ium then, but — er — where did they get the
beef tea?” — Punch.

SUGAR-BEET

INDUSTRY

IN

NEBRASKA

AND

COLORADO

is attracting the attention of capitalists
and farmers along the

UNION PACIFIC

From beets averaging 15 to 25 tons to
the acre, the factory can extract 14 per
cent granulated sugar, or 280 pounds to
the ton of beets.

For full information
about the

Famous Platie Valley,

Its entire length traversed by
the Union Pacific.

Inquire of

E. L. LOMAX, C. P. & T. A.#
Omaha, Nebraska.

(DEAL ALUMINUM LEG BAND

To Mark Chickens
CHEAPEST AND BEST

12 for 15c., 25 — S0c.. 60— 50e., 100— 76c.

Frank Myers, Mfr., Box 57. Freeport. III.

DR. DAVID
ROBERTS

CATTLE

SPECIALIST

OFFERS THESE BOOKS FREE

No. 1. Abortion In Cows. No. 2.
Barren Cows. No. 3. Retained
Afterbirth. No. 4. Scours In
Calves. No. 5 How to make your
OWN STOCK FOOD at home.

Dr. David Roberts, Cottle Specialist
431 Grand Ave.,Waukesha,Wls.

PISO S CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

The most economical
siding and

ROOFING.

Extra strong felt, extra saturation,
slate colored, no tar, does not taint rain
water; spark, cinders, heat and cold
proof. Don’t take an imitation. Get the
genuine. Send for Free Sample and
name of nearest dealer. Book of poultry
and farm building plans sent for 2c stamp.

F. W. BIRD & SON. Makers.

Established 1817.

|, East Walpole Mass. Chicago, III.

, ^ -iginatora of roofing kitfrea in 0 vary roll .

No More Blind Horses

Moon blindness and other
sore eyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

SEND US
A COW,

fiiteer, Bull or Horse hide,
Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odorless and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

1 first get our Catalogue giving
j oA .our shipping tags and

in us to avoid mistakes.

We cture and sell direct

to uoi .alloway and other fur

coats 1.. ues. Frices given in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

The Saving

in posts,
boards,

_ rails.

IstaploR nnd labor makos the fir. t
[cost of I*i»go i'oul try JPence less
pthan that of common nettings, to
say nothing of the betterserviee it
will give nnd the longer time It
will last. Write for particulars.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 765 Adrian, Mich.

SECURE THE AGENCY

i

r

PE5T

FR
BEST

CHEAPEST

for the Frost Fence and Steel Gates, containing more
weight, strength and three times the wearing qualities
found in other makes. They will give your customers
entiro satisfaction and ropentorders will come without
asking. The Frost Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, O.

HEAVIEST FENCE MADEj

AllNo. 9 Steel Wire. Well Galvanized. Weighs j
K more than most fences. 1 6 to H5e per rod
delivered. We sell all kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show¬
ing llOstyles. The Brown Fence and.
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ^

. -

THE PAYING HEN

is the laying hen. Feed her^reen cut bone and
get twice the eggs, more fertile, better * tches,
heavier fowls , ear 1 icr broi lers and bigger profits.

Mann’s Latest Modul B ne Cutt -

cuts all bone, meat and gris fe — never clog9.

1 O Days Free Trial. No money t advanc
Return at our expense if not satisfied. Cat’Ij fr e.

F. W. MANN CO., Box 15 Milford, :A* as.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the ^

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
nnd best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and Stoam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. Send for circulars.

D. It. SPERRY & GO.. Batavia, Ill.

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating- or
Paint.

Acid, and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong- and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Prac ’cally Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for sanv "is, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention R.N.-Y.

O1 A I Very nico pure bred

r \I K OALEiWHITK HOLLAND
TURKEYS. Especially fine young toms. MARY H.
SPINK, Rodman, Jefferson Co., New York.

FOR SALE

300 choice Buff and Barred P. Rocks
and White and Partridge Wyan-

dottes. Insnection solicited. Prices reasonable.

R A DPPH BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

D/\I\IyC.U, Rocks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.01) each; $7.50 for tr>o. EDWARD G.
NOONAN. Marietta, Lancaster County, Penna.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N. Y.

ROSE Comb B. Leghorns exclusively ; pure bred
cockerels at reasonable prices, thrifty and farm
range. I. C. HAWKINS, Chester, N. Y.

VA/BIPliT’Q WHITE WYANDOTTE Choice
Wnlunl O Cockerels. Duston Strain. $1.25 each.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS. -Breeder
of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff and White
Rocks, R. < h and S. C. W., B, and Buff Leghorns; W.
and B. Minorcas: Golden, Silver, Buff and W. Wyan¬
dottes; R. C. and S. C. Blue Andalusians. Hamburgs,
Aneonas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna.

II A«Var s Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
U II Kcrrets. etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prim

5,000 FERRETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive ont Rabbits.

Prices and Circular FREE.
Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, O.

FOR SALE

MALE AND FE¬
MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

$ I 0-80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
CINCUBATOR

Perfect in construction nnd
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. If. STAHL, Quincy, HI.

POULTRY

OOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-

_ __ _ __ erything in the!

POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu-J
bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
it’s our business. Call or let us send you!
our Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for thej
asking — it's worth having.

Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

0 l)op H. G. 26 & 28 Voscy Street. New York City.

QQQQQQQQQGQQQQQQQQQQQGQQQi

Registered angora goats— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

THIS COOKER

makes feed go twice as far,
cooks all kinds of feed, serves a
dozen other farm purposes. The

Farmers’ Favorite

Is made to last ; heaviest strong¬
est low-priced cooker made.

Model service in sugar and ap¬
ple butter making, butchering,
etc. Write for circular and prices today
L.R. Lewis. 12 Main St. Cortland, N.Y

5% Paid for 12 Years

Assets

$1,750,000

Surph’s and Profits
SS150,000

THR Industrial is a strong, progress-
1 ivo, carefully managed savings in¬
stitution, undei New York Hanking
Dept, supervision, with an excellent
reputation for reliability and prompt
dealing, which handles savings from
all over the country, Including those
of prominent clergymen, professional
and business men — and during 1 %
years has never paid less than
Let us show you how we can handle
your money to better advantage than
most oth«*r banking institutions.

We will pay 5# PER YEAR

Earnings reckoned for every day your
money la left with us. Write for
particulars.

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

6 TIMES BLOO., BROADWAY, NKW YORC..

FOR SALE.

SHROPSHIRE LAMBS, RAMS AND EWES,
good ones, 810 each. Address,

IRA H. HASBROUCK, Box 987, Kingston, N. Y.

CHESTER WHITES AND CHESHIRES.

Choice young boars and sows bred from mature
prize winning stock. ED. S. HILL, Freevilie, N. Y.

Derkshire pigs $5 up, pairs not related. 9 Shropshire
ewes cheap. W. II. turkeys, B. Orpington cockerels
B.R.hens and cockerels, collie pups. Bothers, Lack, Pa.

hYVC171TCEY0C02

WORMS

, are now in season. They are quickly
eradicated by

Summers’
Worm Powders

Thirty Years’ Popularity;
every time; Largest Sale.
- 5fc.

Dead Shot
7-lb. pkg.,
Of all Druggists or

$1.00; 3-lb. pkg,

F. S. BURCH 6 CO.

177 Illinois Street, Chicago, III.

Illustrated Catalogue of
Stockmen's Supplies Free.

834

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 18,

Live Stockand Dairy

A DAIRY OF GRADE COWS.

I first bought a cross-bred Ay rshi re-
Jersey bull, and from him got heifers that
at two years were equal as milk and but¬
ter producers to their mature dams. *At
the same time I began getting heifer
calves from the best high-grade or full-
blood Jersey cows I could find. I next
purchased a registered Ayrshire bull calf
from the best backed line of producers I
could find, and crossed him on the heifers
above mentioned as they developed. I got
heifers that were not only handsome and
salable, but they were great producers as
well. I will say right here that as com¬
bined milk and butter producers or cows
that give a liberal flow of rich milk, I
believe the Ayrshire-Jersey stands without
an equal among the full-bloods of any
breed. They combine hardihood, diges¬
tive ability, richness and quantity of milk.
There is no difficulty, with careful selec¬
tion and looking after production of an¬
cestors, to secure in a few years a herd of
cows that with proper care will produce
an average of from 6,000 to 7,000 pounds
milk and over 400 pounds butter per an¬
num. I have sold many of this cross that
go from 8,000 to 10,000 pounds milk per
annum. These cross-bred heifer calves
can be bought at prices ranging from $15
to $20 at eight weeks old. When you re¬
member that if a cow with same care
produces 50 pounds butter or 1,000 pounds
more milk per annum or 500 pounds but¬
ter and 10,000 pounds more milk in her
business lifetime of 10 years (from three
to 13 years) she is worth to the owner
$100 more than the other, the gain in
purchasing a few such young heifer calves
is apparent. I have such calves from
four to five weeks old. I was so fortunate
as to secure two cows, Daisy, and a Jer¬
sey named Mojeska who were remark¬
ably prepotent, their offspring possessing
the power of mothers to a marked degree.
Most of my grade heifers are from these
two and a cow Brown Susie. They are
more properly cross-bred, as they have no
native blood in their veins. All make fine
producers. I am satisfied from personal
experience, as well as observation, that
the method suggested may secure the best
herd obtainable. Daisy produced 10,400
pounds milk in one year, averaging 5.2
fat, or over 54 pounds butter fat in a
year. She died two months ago (or was
killed) at the age of 16 years, holding up
her producing power to the last. A heif¬
er reared on a farm, as a rule, does bet¬
ter as a producer than one removed away
from home after maturity. It takes a
year or two to get accustomed and at
home in new surroundings. c. l. peck.

Pennsylvania. _

OATS AND PEAS FOR HORSES.

One of our readers says he has about 100
bushels of Canada field peas and oats.
There will be about 20 per cent of the peas
in this mixture. He wants to know If it Is
safe to feed them to horses the same as
clear oats, or whether It would be necessary
to have them ground. The mixture weighs
about 40 pounds to the bushel. Would you
feed the mixture unground to horses, and
how much would you give?

I have never fed them without grinding,
to horses. Sheep will eat peas; so will
pigs if steamed or soaked, and get good
results. We consider peas as good as or
better than corn when ground, for any
kind of stock particularly pigs, sheep and
cows. We use them as we do corn.

Vermont. c. a. chapman.

I have fed oats and peas to horses
where the percentage of peas was much
larger than in this case (perhaps 50 per
cent peas). I consider peas a most ex¬
cellent feed for all kinds of stock and
poultry. I should feed a little less by
measure, but about the same by weight
of this mixture that I would of oats. It
is not necessary to have them ground for
horses. If I had this mixture ground I

would add 30 per cent of cornmeal; it
would make a most excellent feed. Such
a mixture is good for horses, but how it
would shove the pigs along ! Speaking
of horse feed, I find that the cheapest and
best feed for farm horses is cornmeal and
cut hay, mixed and wet. A horse weigh¬
ing 1,000 pounds will do a lot of work on
six quarts of cornmeal per day, fed in
three feeds, but the oats and peas are
good. S. C. ARMSTRONG.

Warren Co., N. Y.

I should by all means grind the oats
and peas. It has been my experience that
horses do not like the peas as well un¬
ground ; they will usually leave them, or
at least a part of them, in the manger.
Peas are quite high in protein, about 20
per cent, of which 17 per cent is digesti¬
ble. When taken with oats the ration is
rather high in protein for horses. I
should much prefer corn mixed with the
oats for working horses. If they are not
working this mixed feed will be all right
fed in quantities from five to 10 pounds
daily according to amount of hay fed, age
of horse, general condition, etc.

_ H. e. c.

ANOTHER BALKY HORSE REMEDY.

The experience with balky horses is
timely, and there cannot be too much
said and advised about it. The advice
and recommendations of the five different
men in The R. N.-Y., page 773, are good,
except the gravel stones in the ear. A
man who will do that should be compelled
to have it in his own ear. It is well said
that applications will not work success¬
fully on all horses. No doubt that is so,
but the main tiling to do is to beat them
at their own game. As soon as that is
done we have their attention turned in
another direction. I have been successful
by taking the horse from the object
hitched to, placing a soft rope around the
neck and a slip-noose on the under jaw,
and “yanking” them, according to their
stubbornness. A short lesson will draw
their attention so one will have to work
quite smart to get a yank on them. They
will come ahead in any direction in order
not to be yanked. Now place the horse
to the object hitched to; place a pole be¬
tween the horses, fasten the heavy end
to the tongue or center of the evener ;
have the pole run over the neck-yoke about
four feet past the head. Fasten the rope
on the jaw to the end of the pole with a
little slack. Now if the horse refuses to
go ahead, it invariably will go or try to
go back, so when it goes back it will pun¬
ish itself, and the decision by the horse
is that the better way is to go ahead. It
has had enough of the back action. If a
single horse, secure the pole to the har¬
ness by the side. One can see by this
device the horse can rear up or throw it¬
self; in the end it has beaten itself; that
is the essential thing to do.

0. H. SMITH.

Oldun : “Persevere, my boy, perse¬
vere, there’s only one way to accomplish
your purpose, and that is : ‘Stick to it.’ ”
Youngman : “But suppose your purpose
is to remove a sheet of fly-paper that
you’ve sat down upon unthinkingly?” —
Philadelphia Press.

It was nine miles from anywhere, and
the machine had balked. “Do you know
anything about automobiles?” asked the
owner, speaking to a man in a buggy who
was driving along. “Yes, sir,” said the
man. “I do. I’ve been run over by four
of ’em. Good morning.” — Chicago Tribune.

Customer (handing over the money) :
“I want to be sure about it. Can you
guarantee that this stuff will kill off the
cockroaches?” Druggist (wrapping up
the bottle) : “I guarantee it absolutely,
ma’am — if you can get them to take it
according to directions.” — Chicago Tri¬
bune.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Tuttle’s Elixir

cures lameness, splint, curb,
thrush, colic, founder, distem¬
per, etc. Standing offer, good
everywhere : $100. for a failure
where we say it will cure. 'Vet¬
erinary Experience" free. 100
pages, the perfect home horse

doctor. Write for a copy.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co.,

3 0 Beverly St., Boston, Mesa.

SOMETIMES

ap*:

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPA.VIN CUFEE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-tlie-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
0>C.()O per bottle with written guarantee,
w w Send for copy, also booklet and score. ol
^letters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, n.y

&5L0J

*Tinimi

INS

ENT

CURES |50c. and

SI.OO.I

Swine Disc
^iHog Choi

Send for Circular with Dir
Or. EARL S. SLOAN, 615 Albany St.,f

iase

lera

■actions.

ioston.Mass.

IT SAVES TROUBLE

and annoyance'many times to have

ABSORB INE

handy in case of a Bruise or
Strain. This remedy is rapid
to cure, pleasant to use, and
you can work the horse. No
blister, no hair gone.

ABSORBINE cures
Lameness, allays pain, re¬
moves any soft bunch quick¬
ly. $2.00 per bottle de-
| livered or of regular deal¬
ers. Book 6-B Free.
ABSORBINE, JR. ,for
mankind, $1.00 Bottle. Cures Badly Strained
Joints or Ligaments. Kills Pain.

W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt.. Springfield, Mass.

KENTUCKY JACKS

A big lot of Kentucky Registered

Mammoth Jacks and Jennets.
f Also, Spanish Bred Jacks,

Some nice SADDLE STALLIONS
and POLAND CHINA HOGS.
1 Write for what you want.

, F. COOK ■& COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN -FR I ESI AN S
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you wantwriteorcometosee
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bunn Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

Holsteln-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A.R. O. Dams, ani by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyko Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices o*
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

OAKLAND FARM

OFFERS HOLSTEIN BULL,

Born November 29. 1904. Two-thirds White.

Sire, Canary’s Mercedes' Son, whose dam made 25
pounds, her mifk testing 4.92 per cent.

Dam, Urmagelsche 3d, 14L pounds at three years
with first calf. She by Admiral DeKol.

If you want a good one cheap write quick.

T. A. MITCHELL, XV EEDSPOKT, N.Y.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLST El N-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended front
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De Kol, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

IVT Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING K. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y,

IT’S A FACT

That we now have more young cows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
They are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d’s Butter
Boy 3d, Beryl Wayne’s Paul DeKol, and the imported
bull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for further particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD, Established 1876.

HENRY STEVENS & SON,
’Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

$25

Yon can buy registered Hol-
steins at Star Farm $‘45 to
$50 per head less than else¬
where. Isn’t that worth saving?

S50

4 p. C.

4,2 p, c.

The milk of the entire herd
has averaged over 4 p. c.'J
Butter Fat for the year 1905. Isn’t that just as
important as prices ?

266 Head to select from 266

Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N.Y.

Pure Bred Holsfein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. New York.

HOLS/EIN BULLS

FOR SALE ready for service; also HULL CALVES
from 80 pound cows with ordinary feed and care.
None of our cows are fed for 7 or 30 days test. Wni. B.
Clark, Mngr.,” Long Meadows,” Baldwinsville, N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES SrCo"

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

MYER & SON, Britlgeville, Del.

UDODCUIDC DAM? Prize winners. Im-
nnUrwIllnL nAlYlui ported and home bred,
arge and heavy wooled.

UTWOOI) FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.

Pkgist’u Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
^Collie Dogs and a variety of
I Poultry. Come see my
Pstock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when 1 will sell you a registered JERSEY HULL,
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price,
R. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Pc

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

P. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed J une 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Pair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

50 LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 50

50 Spring, Summer and Fail Pigs from mature sire and
dams, representing the best English and American
breeding, pairs and trios not akin. All ped. animals at
reasonable prices. Richard H.Stone.Trumansburg.NY

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin; Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not. satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton & Co., Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Descriptive circulars
and price-list on application.

WILLOUGHBY FAEM, Gettysburg:, Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalla, N. Y.

Oil PIGS, August and September farrow,
■ Ui also mature sows. Bred and registered ;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

Bargain Sale of Strictly Choice Standard Bred 0. 1. C. Swine

For 30 Days Only.

I am obliged to make a change in my Hog plant and must reduce my stock at sacrifice
prices. I have a fine lot of Gilts weighing 125 to 175 pounds, well worth $45 to $30,
going in this sale at $16 to $18. Gilts bred, #20 ; worth #35. Boars same age and
weight at same cut price. A host of Fall Pigs, fine as silk, in pairs and single; standard
price, #25 in pairs, #15 single, in this sale for 30 days only, #22 in pairs, #12

. — w"*™- single, prices that are in the reach of all. I may never again he able to make such a

grand offer. Write promptly to secure these great bargains. j.*11 -®5?ln,e88.Pver..'}®.3L^ttr8*

M. L. BOWERSOX. Bradford, Dark© County. tHuo.

A

1905.

t

1

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

835

A FINE JERSEY COW .

Gem of Brookside, shown in Fig. 355,
this page, dropped a calf February 24,
1904, after a seven weeks’ rest; one week
later her milk tested 5.2 per cent butter
fat. Her average test for the year is
5.4 per cent fat. She gave during 12
months 10,052 pounds 10 ounces of milk,
which upon an 80 per cent basis would
make 651.389 pounds butter. This little
cow was cared for exactly like the rest
of the herd, and fed according to a rule
which we follow at Brookside; that is, to
give all the grain that a cow will eat up
with a relish; yet we stop increasing the
ration as soon as the milk flow stops in¬
creasing. We try to have a balanced ra¬
tion ; have for some time been feeding
clover hay, corn silage, cornmeal, bran,
oats and cotton-seed meal. This cow is
purebred Jersey, but, owing to the death
of a former owner, she cannot be regis¬
tered, because no one now living can give
her pedigree. She is now six years old,
medium-sized, hair very fine, almost silky,
eyes keen as those of a trout, and she
never saw the time, since I owned her,
that she was not ready for a meal or a
frolic. She was purchased from a dairy
where they sent their milk to the factory
and sold it by the quart, so she was not
appreciated, and her owner was glad to
get a nominal price for her. We have
many fancy priced Jerseys at Brookside,
but Gem led them all last year by over

acres are burned over, and at once begin
their natural function. Factory owners
often own very large areas, buying after
the timber is cut, and then caring for the
property, which means either an annual
or semi-annual burning. In this way the
bushes, weeds and every destructive
growth are removed, and the blueberry at
once asserts itself. The harvest continues
through the latter part of July and Au¬
gust. The factory pays prices varying
from three to seven cents per quart de¬
livered at the factory. They come in half
bushel boxes; being stripped from the
bushes and not picked they contain many
stems and leaves. These are winnowed
out by a forced air blast. Then the ber¬
ries are put through a cooker and canned,
sealed, and ready for the market. Very
extravagant stories are told by the people
concerning the wages received for pick¬
ing, in the record being up to date 14 bush¬
els by one man in a single day.

The towns along the New Brunswick
line have an exceedingly mutual and cor¬
dial relationship one with the other. The
customs laws in minor trading are not
rigidly enforced, much to the credit of
both governments and the people who
dwell here. At Calais and St. Stephen
they use a common fire department. As
one merchant across the line remarked, we
are to all interests and purposes one
people.

C. A. Rockwell of Columbia, Me., gave

JERSEY COW. GEM OF BROOKSIDE. Fig. 355.

100 pounds of butter. She was bred to
Irving of Brookside, a very promising
young sire, whose blood is nearly half
that of Batchelor of St. Lambert, and
who has been shown many times and
never beaten; she dropped a heifer calf
April 18, 1905, and it would require a
very fancy price to cause it to change
ownership. _ e. m. santee.

MEATY NOTES FROM MAINE.

Maine has surely taken a very advanced
step in a recent enactment providing that
none of the State monies shall be paid to
fairs that pay premiums upon grade males.
No one thing probably has worked greater
injury to stock improvement than the prac¬
tice at many and nearly all local fairs of
paying premiums upon grade bulls. Occa¬
sionally a grade bull has value. But from
the fact that the form and usually the
value of the female has its origin in the
male parent, and that the cow is the com¬
mercialized animal, we see the great dan¬
ger from grade sires. States not already
following this practice will do well to
follow Maine.

Under their systems of listing, it is easy
to secure an accurate census of the live
stock. For three or four years the in¬
crease had been very high, from three
per cent to 30 per cent in the number of
milch cows. The past year, 1904, showed
a slight decline, partly brought about
through large purchases for Boston mar¬
kets. I am impressed with the quality
of cows, mainly Jerseys; large, roomy and
with good udders. In the sections I have
visited not many are kept, but they seem
to be fairly well fed.

At Columbia, Maine, I was interested
in the blueberry business. Thousands of

me while at that place the following inter¬
esting information : He had worked from
here, his native place, to Montana, and
upon sea as well as land. Six years ago
he concluded to buy an abandoned farm,
which was secured at this place, 25 acres
at a cost of $350, including house and out¬
buildings. He paid $50 down and had $70
to buy household equipment and outdoor
tools. To-day he owns the place, has the
comforts of life indoors and out, and
could sell the land and buildings for
$1,000. Mr. Rockwell has worked for his
neighbors day times and at home nights,
thinking that it would not be a safe in¬
vestment to put his whole energy into
his farm. In fact, he said he did not have
.sufficient confidence to put in his whole
time at home. “If I were to repeat the
operation,” said he, “I would work for no
one but myself.” The crops have been
butter, eggs and strawberries. Gross re¬
turns from cows $80, from hens $3, from
strawberries $300 per acre. A short, sim¬
ple story to tell, but I dare say many a
man working for $2 per day in the city
cannot show as good returns for six years
as this man on his abandoned farm.

_ H. E. COOK.

“As I was coming in just now,” said
Mrs. Oldcastle, “your footman used an
opprobrious epithet.” “My goodness,”
replied her hostess, “I must speak to
James about that. I simply won’t put
up with it. Josiah says unless there’s
less of them used around here he’ll have
to be gettin’ them by the wholesale. I
never seen the way servants do waste
things when they ain’t the ones that have
to pay for them,” — Chicago Record-Her¬
ald.

HIGHEST HONORS ON

CREAM SEPARATORS

Following’ in the footsteps 'of the Paris and St.
Louis World’s Fairs which gave their GRAMD PRIZES
(very highest awards) EXCLUSIVELY to the

DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS

the Lewis & Clark Exposition, Portland, Oreg., has
granted the DE LAV AL machine the highest award
there offered, or a

GOLD MEDAL.

And as a further honor the DE LAVAL COM¬
PANY was the only exhibitor receiving the distinc¬
tion of being awarded all GOLD MEDALS on its
entire exhibit.

Thus the stamp of SUPERIORITY has once again
been placed upon the DE LAVAL machines by the
world’s most competent judges and experts, and an¬
other addition made to the long list of FIRST
PRIZES and AWARDS which have invariably been
granted them for twenty-five years.

Verily is the DE LAVAL the WORLD’S
“GRAND PRIZE” CREAM SEPARATOR and the
CHAMPION of the SEPARATOR field.

Handsome new catalogue of separator facts and
reasons free on request.

Ranoolph & Canal Sts.,
CHICAGO.

1213 Filbert Street,

PHILADELPHIA.

9 & I I Drumm St.,
SAN FRANCISCO.

General Offices:

74 CORTLANDT STREET,

NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.

75 & 77 York Street,
TORONTO.

248 McDermot Avenue,
WINNIPEG.

The De Laval Separator Co.

ha rp*eS

TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

W 111 you buy a bail separator because
the agent is a “good fellow?’’ Some
people do. They should read this.

If You Have a Brand
New Separator

not a Tubular, put it In the garret.

We guarantee Tubulars to
make enough more butter
than any other separator, and
from the same milk, to pay 25
per cent yearly Interest on
their cost. You test them free
side by side. Your decision is final.

Carnegie Is using investments pay¬
ing 6 per cent; here is a guaranteed
25 per cent to you. The waist low
supply can— simple bowl— enclosed,
self-oiling gears— are found only on
Tubulars. Catalog T-153 explains it.

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAN. CHICAGO, III.

TA^TKS

BED CYPRKSS— WHITE
pink — galvanized

STEEL

CALDWELL

Tanks are the best made
Ask for Illustrated cat¬
alogue and price list;
also references.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky.

Steel Frame, round.
Built once for all. Best
preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special terms
to granges and farmers’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

SILOS

Dietz Lanterns

We know that if buyers would first
write us and get our lantern book and
know just what service Dietz lanterns
give and how they are made, they
would never buy any other kina.
Everybody knows about the

“Clear, White Light of tha

DIETZ."

But we want them to know about the
convenient side lever, how impossible
it is for the oil pot to leak, how it is
made without a suspicion of solder,
how only the best class of material,
glass, tin, wire, etc., is used in the
making. There are a dozen things
that ought to be considered in choos¬
ing. Then dealers could not persuade
you to buy the ordinary lanterns on
their shelves. There’s a Dietz lantern
dealer most everywhere. If you don’t
find one, write to us. Write anyhow
for that free book,

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Lalght St. NEW YORK OITY.

Established 1340,

Steam

Ir the reliable power. Don’t be
misled on the power question.
Don't buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall¬
ing in, etc. We’ve been mak¬
ing these dependable farm
_ power' for miiny years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of uses for such a power. Lot us send you our
little book, "PowerEconomy and Efficiency." Free.
^Th^amesJLette^^Oj^ox^60^jgrinjjfleJd^L

Profit
In L

, Poultry 1
[Depends onYou

Greater profit in poultry is guar¬
anteed to poultry raisers who feed
Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. This
superior Poultry tonic and disease
preventive acts directly on the
organs of digestion. It increases
the blood supply, cleans up the
liver, arouses the egg-prod uci ng or¬
gans, reddens the comb, brightens
the feathers, and makes "ginger.”

DR. HESS
POULTRY
PAN-A-CE-A

is the prescription of Dr. Hess
(M. D., D.V.S). If it doesn’t pro¬
duce the results claimed, your
money will be refunded. It is the
scientific cure and preventive of
roup, cholera, leg weakness, indi¬
gestion, etc. It has the indorse¬
ment of leading poultry associa¬
tions of the United States and Can¬
ada. Costs but a penny a day for
about 30 fowls, and is soldi on a
written guarantee.

Except In Cuidl
end extreme
Weet end Sooth

1} lbs. 25c, mall or
express 40o
5 lbs- 60c
12 lbs. 61.25
85 lb. pall $2.50

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48-page
Poultry Book, free.

DR. HESS & CLARK
Ashland,

Ohio

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER
KILLS LICE

836

THE RUR

NEW-YORKER

ovember 18, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
Fur Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you* .Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent com mission

to get orders lor our celebrated Teas,
CoffecB, ‘SpiceB, Extract* and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Prefeents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-83 Vesey St., New York

Climax Carrier.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bin to manger, carries manure from all
stablings to same pile or dumps oh wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

FREE STORY

of interest to every farmer and his family, also our
complete catalogue of Simplicity Gasoline En¬
gl n«8 will be sent absolutely Free to everyone who
will write for it. See our large advertisement in
December 2 issue of this paper. Write to-day. West¬
ern Malleable <fc Grey Iron Mfgr. Go., 16 Chase
Street, Milwaukee. Wis.

The WAGON to BUY.

structed. Saves labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS S/fiAhl:

Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog.

The Geneva IVletal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Geneva, Ohio.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX II HAVANA. ILL

Learn Why

Should
Buy The

MONARCH MILL

If you are interested it will pay yon to send at once for
our catalogue, and learn why a Monarch Mill is the best
for you to have. We explain every detail fully and we
back i t nil tip with our guarantee that covers everything.
In the interests of better milling methods drop us a
postal at once for a copy. It’s F rce.

SPROUT, WALDRON & CO., P.O.Box 263 Muncy, Pa.

FOR ALL MIXED FEEDS

Unhusked corn, husked ears,
shelled corn and all grains there
is no mill made that for speed,
easy running and complete
grinding equals the

KELLY

DUPLEX
Grinding Mills

New double cutters, force feed, never
choke. Use 25 percent less power than
any others. Especially adapted for
gasoline engines. Four sizes.

Lime St.f Springfield, Ohio

Xm — - - ■ - —

Sold

On Trial —
On Time —

Freight Prepaid

- - - F- ir'-V*

w cT. st' l'

Will You Test an
American Manure
Spreader In Your Own Way — On Your
Own Farm — FREE — For A Month?

It’s this way: the dealer and are selling to farmers direct

We have the largest manufacturing is that we want to get in touch with the people
plant in the country, manufacturing Manure who actually use the Spreaders.

Spreaders. We can in this way give you more infor-

We have ample capital— which enables mation about the machine and how to use it;
us to sell them to American farmers on time, and enable you to get much more service out
We want to pay the freight on any sized of it.

Spreader you may choose from our cata- We can better advise you just the size
logue, direct to your depot, and have you and style of Spreader you should have for
take it out and try it, as your own, in your your purpose — we can furnish the Spreader
own way, and on your own farm, free, for a that you need direct from our factory,
full month, to see if it is as represented by us. We make 9 styles and 5 sizes, and can
We don't ask for a penny advance pay- furnish a machine that is exactly adapted to
ment — nor a deposit of any kind. your requirements.

When you have tested the Spreader, if We are an independent concern and do
you find it as represented, you can pay us for not belong to the trust.

it on time, which lets the Spreader pay for it- We invite you to write us, telling us how
self out of the profits it makes you. We know much land you own, and how many head of
this is a liberal offer. cattle, horses, sheep and hogs you have and

We realize we must have &Kood Spreader we will tell you just the Spreader suited for
in order to sell it in this way. The American your purpose, and give you Gov’t statistics
Manure Spreader is not a new machine.

It has been tried and tested, and Is the
Standard of all Spreaders in the country
today.

There are more American Manure

as to the annual value of your manure crop.

An American Manure Spreader Is worth
more money to you, year in and year out,
than any other implement you can own such
as binders, stackers, gas engine or plow, and

Spreaders being sold today than of any other it will pay you bigger dividends than any
kind. other implement on your farm.

* * Write today for our free catalogue and

I he reason why we have stopped selling little booklet “Our New Selling-Plan.”

AMERICAN HARROW CO.. 1622 Hastings St., Detroit, Mich.
NOTE— 19 Branch Houses, carrying a full line of Spreaders and parts, at leading citioe in
different states where prompt shipment can be made.

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered, No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. For Infor¬
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

85 Warren St., New Y'ork. 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P. Q.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitts St., Sydney, N. 8. W.

Teniente-Rey 71, Havana. Cuba.

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. Five sizes portable saw mills; shingle ma¬
chines; lath mills; cord wood, cut-off and rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for it. Address

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.. 129 Hope St., Eackettstown. N. J.

New York City Office, 610 Engineering Building.

Distributing Points: Sou Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Vancouver, Bt. Louie, New
OrloaPB, Atlanta, Richmond. _

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Sa
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Pinning, Lath and Corn
‘ Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels,
e Catalog free. We pay the freight.

DeLOACH MILL M’F’lr. CO.. Box 302* Atlanta. Ga.

s

AVE YOUR BACK

Save time, horses, work
and money by using an

[Electric Handy Wagon

Low wheels, broad tires. No
I living man can build a better.

" Book on Whee 1 Sense” free. -

Electric Whee’ Co. Bx 88 , Quincy, III.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
Weil PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made I Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

Maple Sugar Makers

We call your attention to the fact that
we make the liifisT and HAND1KST
KVAPOKATOlt on the mar¬
ket. One man can operate any
size. Get your goods
now; don't wait
until Spring.

Write us for
Catalog and
^prices.

WARREN

Evaporator Works,
Warren, Ohio.

Write

to-day.

with

lull

Infor¬

mation

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

starts anti run*

Gas Engines without Batteries*

Uot>tber. machine can do it sucre* si tilly
for lack oj original patents owned by
No twist motion in our drive
No Belt or switch necessary. No
batteries whatever, for make ami
break or jump-spark. Water and
dust-proof. Fully guaranteed.
MOTSINGER DEVICE M’F’G. CO-

68 Main Street, Pendleton, Ind U. S. A.

Stoddard Combination

Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth

Does more work, saws more wood
and makes more money than any
other outfit at twice its cost
Send for Catalogue JEH .

Stoddard Mfg. Co. . Rutlano, Vt.

with an Appleton Wood

SAW you can rapidly and with
case and safety

your own wood
and SaveCoal,

time, labor and
money; or saw
your neighbor’s
wood and make

$5to$l5aDay

Strong, rigid
frame, adjustable
We make five styles.

dust-proof oil Doxes, etc. we make nve sty
Also the famous "Hero” Friction-Feed Drag Saw,
Feed Grinders, Ensilage and Fodder Cutters, Husk-
ers, Shellers, Sweep Horse Powers, Tread Powers,
Wind Mills, etc. Write to-day for free catalogue.

Appleton MIg. Co. 27 Fargo St., Batavia, 111.^

You Want a Saw
Mill? Write Knight, he has
_ ihem In Ktock for Engines ofio to 125
^ 'horsepower. HlsTittle booklet, “ Let’s

. ' Get Aequainletl,” glveB you an explana¬

tion. Write for It now. The Knight^

Mfg. Company , Dept. J,

Canton, O.

NEW HOLLAND

WOOD
SAW

Great thing for home
work, a money maker
for jobbers. Very
speedy and durable.

Saws wood, poles,
posts, rips boards,
pales, lath, etc. Three
sizes. We make several styles and sizes Feed
Mills. Write for free booklets.
NewHolIandMach^t^Tjoxlh^NewHHolIaml^a^

Sawing Outfit $10.75

’ We arc selling this first-class Tilting Table Saw Frame
for only $ 1 0.75. Thousands of them now in
use. Perfect construction, made right
kor left-handed. We absolutely guar-
liintee this Sawing Outfit satisfactory
/in every detail. We have 8 other kinds
of sawing machines, including Drag
^Sawing Outfit, and wo have saws, belt-
i ing, etc. In fact, wo are head¬
quarters for Sawing Machines;
have a larger line than any other
firm and our prices are the lowest. Wo save you money on
everything you. buy, and we give you the same guarantee on
everything wo sell. Send for our new big catalogue No. 87,
pricing and describing, with illustrations, everything needed
on the farm and in the home, including our new complete stock
of high-grade furniture at factory prices. This big, up-to-date
catalogue is Free, and it's full of choice bargains.

Cash Supply and Mfg, Co., 498 Lawrence Sq. Kalamazoo, Mich.

A KN0DI8 PITLESS SCALE

will keep you from being cheated In weights, either buying or selling. That saves their cost for the average farmer In
a, single year. And the scales will last you your lifetime. The Knodig scale costs just about half as much as the old
stylo pit scales. You don’t have to dig or wall a pit. They sit on top of ground. Therefore can never clog with ice,
snow or mud. Any handy man can set them or move them. Double the money will not get you a more accurate weigher.
THE FARMER’S SCALE. Speeially.designed and adapted to his use. Write for our booklet and circular of farm-

National Pitless Seals Co.,

tf.H.a. Cllu U. ’

ers’ letters. They’ll opeu your eyes to the many ways
the Knodig will save you money. Both mailed free.

Kansas City, Mo,

CiCRUg

FOUR SPECIMEN BARGAINS

600 page General Catalog free on request.

Showing 20,000 articles for house, shop, or farm.

HEAD DROPS

unqefcgove.fi

Wivanco Sewing Machine

Guaranteed for Five Years.

The latest, most popular, drop head Sewing
Machine furnished with 2, 4 or 6 side drawers
and long center drawer. This machine has a
perfect reciprocating shuttle, lock stitch, and is
light and easy running. It is wTell made, honest
and reliable, and we stand back of it with the
guarantee to return your money and pay charges
in both directions, if you don’t find it perfectly
satisfactory. It cannot be worn out in a life¬
time of ordinary use. The cabinet work is golden
oak or walnut of the latest swell front design.
Don’t let this remarkable offer escape you. $12.50

Rotary

Washing Machine

The latest most improved washing ma¬
chine on the market. It works faster
and easier than any other and is the
most valuable assistant a housewife
can have. It is strongly made in every
part. The lid is independent of gearing
so that the heavier parts do not have to
be lifted as in other makes. The inside
is corrugated and the gearing is ad¬
justed to very rapid operation. You
should send for this washer and try it.
We will refund your money if you are
not satisfied. Actually worth $8.00,

$2*65 For This Mission Clock.

Substantially made of solid oak. brown -eather finish fitted
with best 8 day movement, guaranteed perfect tune
polished brass numbers, hands and lunges. ‘ . d

on cathedral gong. 20^4 in. high. 11^4 m. wide. » *°xed
for shipment, 22 lbs. Advertised as bargain at $4 by others.

Wivanco Tool Cabinet

The Xmas Gift for Mar or Boy. Our tool

cabinets contain all the tools needed about the
house, shop or farm, and their use will result in
substantial saving, as well as the convenience
of doing little repair jobs without a carpenter.

Cabinets are make of handsome polished quar¬
tered oak, with brass trimmings. They have
two hinged cylinder locks. The drawer contains
a full assortment of screws, screw-eyes, tacks
and nails for any kind of work. Prices accord¬
ing to assortment of tools from $10 up. Send for
special catalog of tool cabinets and work benches,

WHITE, VAN GLAHN & CO.,

Oldest Mail Order House in America. Est, 1816.

15 Chatham Sq-, New York City.

TF tou have a washer and use a rubhoard there is a
I reason for it. Either washer or method is wrong.
If the washer is heavy and cumbersome, depending on
friction washing in some form or other, having
water-soaked agitators or followers, or a heavy
oneratim; device attached to a heavy eo>er, thats the
reason You have the wrong kind and find it incon¬
venient, laborious, beyond your strength to use and
destructive to fabric, notwithstanding claims to the
contrary. The

SYRACUSE “EASY” WASHER

utilizes air to force suds through the cloth.

That means stir and suds without lriction. .Just
think of it; how easy for the operator; how
harmless to the fabric; yet how forceful, thor¬
ough and efficient.

THE WOMAN WHO KNOWS

what she can do with the “EASY” air pressure
washer never uses a rubhoard. She knows a
better way.

Made of galvanized steel ,
neither shrink, swell, rust, nor
porcelain. Unlike suds-soaked
washers, there is no retention
No disagreeable odors. Weight
Nothing cumbersome or clumsy
■^end for free book of “Modern Laundry Form¬
ulas” and learn how washing and bleaching are
done in one operation. Learn by

the “EASY” will
leak. Sanitary as
wooden tubs and
of germs or filth.
28 lbs. On rollers,
about it.

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

prepaid) how suds is forced through fabric by air pressure— how
piepaiu; I*”", _ j _ on tht>m or the oneratoi. Alter

cfotliesVre 'perfectly^ cleaned without Met

DODGE St ZUILL,

them or the operator. After
trial return the washer at
our expense and grind out
the clothes at your expense,
or keep the washer and
save the clothes.

The gasoline heating at¬
tachment here shown has
a powerful triple burner
and will heat the wash
water as rapidly as the or¬
dinary range; swings out
from under washer for
lighting; may be removed
instantly by simply lifting
the brackets off the pins
that support them. It is not
shipped with the washer
unless ordered, but may be
attached any time for those
who wish the washing and
heating device combined.

The flame is applied
directly under the center
of the machine and the
water is heating while the
washing progresses. There is
no wait; start icitli cold water
if you wish.

There is nothing you can
desire in a washing ma¬
chine that has not been
consummated in the
“EASY.”

539A CLINTON STREET,
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

THE ANGLE LAMP

is nof an improvement on the old style lamp hut an entirely ,ie" 111 11 ” 1

burning oil which has made common kerosene (or coal oil) the most sans

factory of all illuininants. . „ ,

And when we sav satisfactory we mean satisfactory not an lllu <
that merely gives a brilliant light but one that combines brilliancy with soft,
restful, pleasing quality; that is convenient as gas, safe as a tallow candle,
and yet so economical to burn that in a few months use

IT ACTUALLY PAYS FOR ITSELF.

The ordinary lamp with the round wick, generally considered ,th®
of all lighting methods burns but about 5 hours on a quart of oil while 1 he
Angle Lamp burns a full 16 hours on the same quantity. 1 his eve ,h

is cheap, soon amounts to more than its entire original cost. But in anothei
way it saves as much — perhaps more. . „ . . . , „n

Ordinary lamps must always be turned at full height, although
average of two hours a night, all that is really needed is a dun 1 S>1 ^ .

be turned up full when wanted. A gallon of oil a week a b sol u t el y w a s * « <b
simply because your lamps cannot be turned low without unbearable °
this is saved in The Angle Lamp, for whether burned at full height or turned
low, it gives not the slightest trace of odor or smoke. .

You should know more about the lamp which for its coavemence and soft,
restful light might be considered a luxury, were it not for the wonderful e
omv which makes it an actual necessity. Write for our catalogue NN, tull>
explaTiing thfs new principle of oil lighting and for our proposition to prove
these statements by

30 DAYS TRIAL.

When such people as ex-President Cleveland, the Rockefellers Carnegies,

and thousands of others, after trying The Angle Lamp, *}nd ** P p ontP

out gas and electric light fixtures, to throw away gasoline and acetylene out¬
fits or ordinary lamps, it is surely worth your while to send a penny postal to
find out about it.

Write for catalogue “NN” listing 32 varieties from $51.SO up, and our booklet,
“LIGHTING AND COMMON SENSE,” which gives you the benefit of our ten
years of experience with all kinds of lighting methods.

THE ANGLE MFG. COMPANY,

78-80 Murray Street, New York.

A REASON FOR IT.

THIS BUILDING IS BEING COVERED WITH

RUBEROID ROOFING

THERE IS MORE RUBEROID ROOFING USED THAN OF ANY
OTHER PREPARED MATERIAL. IT HAS BEEN FOR 14 YEARS
THE STANDARD BY AVHICH ROOFING QUALITY IS JUDGED.

AYE ARE AND AUAVAYS HAVE BEEN THE SOLE MANUFAC¬
TURERS OF RUBEROID ROOFING. AYE CAUTION YOU AGAINST
NUMEROUS INFERIOR IMITATIONS. FOR YOUR PROTECTION
AYE STAMP THE REGISTERED TRADEMARK “RUBEROID” ON
THE UNDER SIDE OF THE MATERIAL, AND OUR NAME AS SOLE
MANUFACTURERS APPEARS ON THE OUTSIDE AVRAPPER OF
EVERY ROLL.

RUBEROID is the only prepared roofing which can truthfully he said
to outlast metal and shingles. Moreover, it costs less, is easier to apply
and requires less attention. It manes a sound, seam-tight roof, fiat or
sloping, unaffected by expansion or contraction, and equally suitable for the
poultry house, barn or handsome residence.

RUBEROID contains no tar, paper, rubber or other short-lived ingre¬
dients which melt, dry up or become useless with age, but is made of the
highest quality wool felt, saturated and coated with our patented weather¬
proof and fire-resisting compound, which retains its elasticity and flexibility

indefinitely.

Any handy man can apply it. Full instructions, nails, tin caps and

Ruberine Cement free with every roll.

Let us tell you more about Ruberoid. Write for samples and Booklet R.

THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY,

SOLE MANUFACTURERS,

IOO WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK.

■

Vol. LXIV. No. 2913.

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 25. 1905.

WEEKLY, if 1.00 PKR YEAR

SHEEP A CAUSE FOR THANKSGIVING.

Be Thankful for Sheep.

A SHEPHERD’S TRIBUTE.— There are three
things connected with the farm that are not conducive
to thankfulness. First, lack of fertility ;
second, scarcity of labor; third, weeds.

The first necessitates on most farms more
stock. This has usually meant in recent
years a dairy, which helps the first trou¬
ble, while it increases the second; and
sometimes for lack of help also increases
the third. I wish I could completely
solve all three. Then we should be able
to “rejoice and be glad all our days.” A
partial solution, and certainly a cause for
thanksgiving, 1 find in sheep. I have been
a shepherd all my life. In fact I owned
my first sheep when a boy of 10. My
father gave me a pair of cosset ewes,
which I broke to drive both double and
single. The first check I ever received
was one for over $5 for their two fleeces
of wool. I have been a dairyman for
about 20 years, and in spite of low prices
for sheep products (and prices have been
low with cattle too), I have found the
sheep to yield more net profit, labor and
fertility being taken account of, than the
cows. The product of the cattle must be
drawn night and morning, Sundays as
well as week days, and then manufactured
or carried away daily. The sheep do not
require this labor, and only have to be
carried off twice a year, and one of these
times they will carry themselves. The
time spent in caring for the cows can
be expended to good advantage in better
cultivation of the growing crops ; and a
few hours that are not of necessity tied
to the cow, may be well spent in mental
or social recreation. To be truly thank¬
ful, we must have profit of some sort,
and to obtain this, one must have the
right kind of sheep ; mutton first and
woo] second. The best and most of both ;
sheep so bred and kept that they will pro¬
duce a lamb in Winter that at 10 or 12
weeks old will bring from $0 to $12; or
one that will sell for $5 on Fourth of
July, or weigh 80 pounds in market in
November at seven months old, or 100
pounds or more after a Winter’s feeding.

I hey should shear not less than seven
pounds of wool, which at 20 cents will
go a long way toward their keep.

FEED AND CARE.— They will eat a
great variety of food, and as weed ex¬
terminators are -not to be despised. I find
it is an excellent plan to let them in the
pastures after the cattle have been taken
out, when they will eat many weeds and
bushes that cows will not touch. The
same is true of the stubble fields and
meadows. I keep my flock a good portion
of the Summer in my orchards. Two
have been so pastured for over 25 years.

If there are any orchards of the same age
and size in Columbia County that have in
this time, yielded more or better fruit, and the soil of
which is as full of fertility, I should be glad to go to
see them. 1 his fertility not only is without cost, but
made at a profit.

FOOD VALUE. — When I want a nice piece of meat
on my table, I do not have to go to the butcher and
give up 75 cents or $1 for meat that has been some
time dead, in cold storage, but a fat ewe or lamb is

always at hand, fresh and appetizing. If I cannot use
a whole one, there are always those who are glad to
get a quarter, at less than meat market price. With
roast lamb, brown potatoes, vegetables of his own grow¬
ing, pumpkin or cherry pie, with baked apples and

cream, all from the farm, at their best and at first cost,
if a farmer is not thankful any day in the year, he must
have a hard heart. We want to make the sheep thank¬
ful too. Nothing is more conducive to this — in man
or animal — than a full stomach of appetizing foods.

PASTURE. — .We cannot expect the best results with
the English breeds of mutton sheep, unless we approach

somewhat the Englishman’s feed and care, The old

adage, “the sheep will live where the ox will starve,” is
perhaps true, but as the hymn says, it will be “at a
poor dying rate.” If the pasture is short, a patch of
rape, sown in the oat stubble or early potato field,
to which the sheep can run, will be of great value. The
windfall and cull apples, most seasons will
find their best paying and most apprecia¬
tive customers in the sheep. Pumpkins,
too, are much relished, and the seeds as a
vermifuge can hardly be equaled. This
particularly warm growing Fall has put
too much top on our rye. Yesterday I
turned in the sheep. If one wanted to
see solid enjoyment, then was the chance,
watching them eat, although they had
just come off good pasture, benefiting both
them and the rye. I find it is well to
have the flock go into Winter quarters
fat. Not the fat of corn, but that put
on by such foods as I have suggested,
lhey will not need grain so soon, or so
much of it. particularly if they are sup¬
plied with plenty of early cut clover or
mixed hay, supplemented by roots or
silage.

GENERAL CARE. — They are thank¬
ful too, if kept dry. 1 he cold Fall rains
saturate their wool, and it must largely
dry from the heat of their bodies, requir¬
ing more food to supply the waste, and
is also a great drain on their vitality.
This often produces pneumonia and
death, too often attributed to grub in
the head, heart failure and the like. It
is an easy matter to put them under shel¬
ter, and will well repay the little effort
and thought required. It is poor econ¬
omy to let them live on the frozen grass
—if the ground is free from snow — after
Winter has set in, and the other thinly
clad stock are safely housed. True, such
grass will fill them, but there is a great
difference between filling and feeding. It
will also contribute much to their com¬
fort, as well as to the pocket of the own¬
er, if the dirty wool is clipped away from
about the tail. If the hoofs have grown
long on the ends or sides, this growth
should be pared off with a good sharp
knife. Then plenty of pure water where
the sheep can have access to it at all
times, a box of salt sprinkled with tur¬
pentine to which they can run, clean, dry
bedding to lie on, with all food removed
that has not been eaten the previous meal,
and the owner can sit down under his
own “vine” and figure up the profits with
safety. edward van alstyne.

WINTER IN THE GREENHOUSE.

The Daily Round Under Glass.

BEGINNING THE DAY.— Winter
days are short, but there is always time
to use one's powers of observation, and
these powers should always be in prac¬
tice in the daily routine of the green¬
house man. The first thing to note in
the morning is the outdoor temperature
and the general condition of the weather,
because so many of the indoor operations must be ar¬
ranged in accordance with these conditions. Then to
find out the temperature of the greenhouse, and in this
connection it may be remarked that the thermometer
should hang at a convenient height from the ground
for the average man to read it correctly, and should
be located about the middle of the house, in order to
show the average temperature, there being i^ almost

THE FOUNDATION FOR THE THANKSGIVING DINNER Fig. 356.

“WE HAVE MUCH TO BE THANKFUL FOR.” Fig. 357.

838

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

. . V'-

.

every greenhouse a warm and a cool end, according to
the location and form of heating apparatus with which
the house is equipped.

FIRING AND PACKING.— The condition of the fire
is the next consideration, and these frosty mornings it is
usually found necessary to keep an active fire until
about nine o'clock in the morning, after which it may
be checked until the early afternoon, if the day proves
bright. Then there are flowers to be cut, and possibly
packed for shipment, if the output is sold at wholesale,
and this work must be completed just as early as pos¬
sible, the roses and carnations being those that were
cut the night before, and having had several hours in
water in the cellar to fill them out and put them in good
condition for shipping, or for home use if the market be
a retail one. It is a surprising thing to those new to
the business to find how easy these wet flowers will
freeze in transit, and to avoid this the baskets or boxes
in which they arc packed must be thoroughly lined and
wrapped in many thicknesses of paper, old newspapers
being especially useful for this purpose. Ihere may
also be a few plants to be delivered somewhere within
driving distance, and although the weather is sharp these
plants have been promised and the customer must not
be disappointed, and if the establishment cannot yet
boast of a heated wagon, the plants may be wrapped
in paper and then laid in a large covered box (one of
those large square dry-goods cases will answer very
well), and in the box with the plants is placed a large
stoneware demijohn, filled with hot water. This prim¬
itive heating apparatus will keep that box warm for a
10-mile drive, unless the weather is very severe indeed,
and if the box is lined with felt paper it is still more
frost-proof.

WATERING. — These various jobs may
keep us employed until nine o’clock or
later, and the weather being bright the
furnace may be checked, and possibly a
little ventilation given to the plants, keep¬
ing in mind the rule that ventilation
means the introduction of sufficient fresh
air without any strong direct drafts on
the plants, and we are therefore careful
to open the ventilators in such a way that
the wind does not cut in. Bright days
have not been too plentiful of late, so this
one must be taken advantage of to give
a good syringing to the roses, and a thor¬
ough watering to all the plants that need
it, and the time to do this is in the morn¬
ing. At this season there is liable to be
strong fire heat at night to keep up the
required temperature, and this means that
in some portions of a greenhouse there
will be found dry spots, especially at the
back of the bench, and the one in charge,
if observant, will soon note these particular
places and pay especial attention to them
in watering. In watering do not water
the plants indiscriminately, for if they are
not fairly dry it would be wiser to leave
some of the doubtful ones for another
day, instead of giving a needless soaking.

POTTING SHED WORK. — The
watering having been completed, there
will now be time to do some necessary
potting, for the propagating bed is per¬
forming its functions, and we find it does
not pay to allow the cuttings to stay in the
sand too long after they have formed
roots, for not only do they obstruct
further operations in the propagating line,
but the young plants take hold of the soil
better when the roots are not too long.

Therefore, when we find that rose or car¬
nation cuttings have roots half an inch
long, it is then time to pot them, pressing
the fine soil firmly into the pots, and
watering these young plants as soon as
they are set away, at the same time pro¬
tecting them from the sun for a few days
with some old newspapers.

THE PROPAGATING BED, as shown
in Fig. 360, is a very important part of
the greenhouse during the Winter and
early Spring, for it is usually necessary to
put in several successive lots of cuttings
in order to get up a stock of all the plants
required, and it is also a very interesting
part of the work. It is at this season that
the value of a comfortable and convenient
workroom or potting shed becomes ap¬
parent, such a shed being usually located
at the north end of the greenhouse, that
it may shield the latter from the Winter wind, and at
the same time does not shade the greenhouse from the
sun. This potting shed, as shown in Fig. 359, has
plenty of windows on the side, not skylights, for these
are too hot in Summer and too prone to leak in the
Winter, and a convenient work bench on which to do

potting and packing. Then there are the pot bins at
the back, and beneath them other bins for soil, sand and
manure, the building being heated from the furnace
beneath.

But we are digressing from the day’s operations, for

A WELL CARED FOR LAMB. Fig. 358.

we find by three o’clock in the afternoon that the green¬
house begins to cool off again, and it is time to close
the ventilators and to start the fire on again, for expe¬
rience has taught us that the pipes should be warmed

m&M

■

- -

READY FOR WORK IN A POTTING SHED. Fig. 35D,

GROWTH OF CUTTINGS IN A GREENHOUSE. Fig. 360.

all around before sundown, else the temperature will
drop several degrees lower than it ought to, and it will
mean some hard firing in the evening to raise the tem¬
perature to its normal level. And so it goes on from
day to day; a certain sameness, and yet some variety
in the duties of firing, watering, ventilating, making cut¬

tings and potting them, pulling weeds and tying unruly
growths into place, keeping everything clean and orderly,
and watching the daily expansion of flower buds and
the daily attempts of insects to get ahead of the grower..
It may truly be said that the oldest profession, that of a
gardener, is not without interest, for it demands varied
scientific knowledge combined with plain common sense.

_ W. H. TAPLIN.

HOW TO PROPAGATE FROM CUTTINGS.

Nursery Work in Fall and Winter

CONDITIONS REQUIRED.— It is not every tree or
bush that can be propagated from cuttings, that is, from
a practical standpoint, because they do not all strike
root with equal readiness, and some arc almost impos¬
sible to root even in the most skillful hands and under
the most favorable conditions. Of the tree fruits the
quince is about the only one that can be readily prop¬
agated, except in the case of some varieties of the pear
in the Southern States. The currant is quite easily
propagated from cuttings, and the same is true of the
gooseberry, under certain favorable conditions. The
grape is propagated in this way almost entirely. The
first thing to determine is that the wood should be per¬
fectly ripened and sound in every particular, and the
sooner after that time that the scions are removed from
the trees the better, for there is always danger of
severely cold weather injuring the vitality of the wood
and buds when Winter first sets in. Only the new
growth of the current year should be taken, and that
which is thrifty. The best scions are usually taken
from the top or side branches of the tree, and the same
is true of the bushes. It does not matter how long
these scions are, provided they are of such
character as has already been mentioned.
As soon as they are taken from the trees
they should be tied in bundles with wil¬
lows, not with strings, because the former
will not rot, and the latter nearly always
do, or at least become tender after a few
months under the ground. Each bundle
should be carefully labeled with the name
of the variety, so that there will be no
mistake as to its identity.

CARE OF CUTTINGS.— There are
certain requirements that must be ob¬
served in taking care of the cuttings, and
one is that they must never be allowed
to dry out, and no time should be lost in
placing them in some damp place and
where they will be perfectly secure from
disturbance. It is safe to pack them in
damp moss, sawdust or leaf mold, espe¬
cially if the sawdust has decayed and is
not subject to fermentation. They may
thus be placed away in boxes and put in
a cellar, dampening the whole mass as it
is packed down. However, I like to have
scions buried in the ground even better
than to have them stored in boxes in¬
doors, because the temperature of the
ground rarely changes, and if the soil is
reasonably moist and kept covered with
straw or any other litter, it will remain
so until Spring. In case scions are buried
out of doors, it would be well to drive
stakes at the place, so that in case of snow
falling there would be no difficulty in find¬
ing it. If straw or anything of that sort
is placed over the spot, and then boards
are laid on top of this to keep it from
blowing away or becoming disturbed, it
would be very easy to dig into the ground
even in very cold weather, and get out
the scions, as I have often done.

MAKING THE CUTTINGS. — The
time to make the scions into cuttings is
somewhat immaterial, provided the work
is done in good season, before the time
for planting in the Spring. During the
cold weather of midwinter, when one is
free from much other work, is a very
good time to take out the scions and make
the cuttings. They can be taken into a
shop, or even into a dwelling, and there
prepared. They should be cut into 10-
inch lengths and close to a bud at either
end. The latter is important because of
the fact that the roots strike out more
easily near the buds than elsewhere, and
there should be no dead wood above the
top bud or buds which make growth
above ground. In case that wood is left
above the upper bud it is sure to die back
very close to it, and this is not desirable. The cuttings
should then be tied in bundles of about 50, willow twigs
being used instead of strings, as before mentioned.
After carefully labeling each bundle, they should again
be buried in the ground or packed away in boxes until
ready for use. h. e. van deman.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

839

DAIRY BREEDS OF CATTLE .

The Varied Virtues of the Milk Makers.

The three typical breeds of dairy cattle are pictured
on this page. The Ayrshires and Holsteins are repre¬
sented by prize winners at the St. Louis Exposition, the
Jerseys by a good working specimen of a dairy cow.
As a matter of fact, all dairy cows
have very much of the same type or
general shape. Judges of one breed
have little trouble in picking the
good points of the others. A good
dairy cow of any breed will have a
large stomach, indicating great ca¬
pacity for food, a general “wedge
shape,’’ large udder and prominent
milk veins, slim neck and tail ; in
general, a good development of the
organs essential for milk and butter
production. We may see from the
pictures that good cows of all three
breeds are not unlike in general
shape.

1 he chief difference in the three
breeds therefore lies in habits and
capacity. When a man prefers Jer¬
sey cattle he is a Jersey man, that
is, the nervous habits of the Jersey
fit best into his way of handling cat¬
tle and the conditions of his farm.

1 hus it is easy to see that there is
a place for all three breeds, and that
each one might be ‘‘best’’ on certain
farms. These distinct habits are
hereditary, and it is wise to keep the
breeds distinct. Climate and meth¬
ods of handling will sometimes
change the appearance of cattle with¬
out changing their habits. For in¬
stance. about 25 years ago Jersey
cattle were brought from the Island
of Jersey to the Gulf States, while,
at the same time, animals of much
the same breeding were brought to
the North. To-day the descendants
of the southern cattle, reared for gen¬
erations in the South, are quite dif¬
ferent in appearance from those
which have been bred and reared in
the North. In spite of this difference
in appearance all are Jerseys, that is,
all have habits of the Jersey breeds.

1 he Ayrshires were bred for years
in Scotland under conditions which
made them tough, hardy and strong.

For example, the small teats of the
Ayrshires are probably the result of
long generations of milking by
women. It is said that in Scotland
the women milk with the thumb and
finger, which developed the small
teat. 1 he Ayrshires, by reason of
their habits, are very useful in rough
pasture land where an active, patient
cow is needed. 1 hey are of good
shape, and the steers and old cows
give a good carcass. The Holsteins
have the character which one would
expect from their history. They
come from the low, fiat lands in and
near Holland, where bulky food is
plentiful and close at hand. The re¬
sult is a large, roomy cow, good-
natured and strong, capable of hand¬
ling a large amount of bulky fodder.

In a mixed herd most men prefer to
milk Holsteins because they have
large, well-developed teats, and are
good-r.atured. The Jerseys are quick,
nervous animals, as a rule smaller
than the other breeds, giving richer
milk and consuming less food. As
we have said, when a man argues in
favor of one or another of these
dairy breeds, it is because his own
habits and the crops from his farm
or his customers fit in best with the
habits of his cattle. There are
farmers who firmly believe that it
pays them best to keep Holstein
cattle, because in order to obtain
amount of butter fat they handle

other is very largely a question of food. Where all
hay and grain must be bought a Jersey would be likely
to prove more economical than a Holstein, while in a
section where cheap hay is abundant there would be
little choice. All of these animals are good workers, and
the dairyman in deciding on a breed must consider the
line of dairy work best adapted to his conditions.

AYRSHIRES, PRIZE WINNERS AT ST. LOUIS. Fig. 361.

PRIZE-WINNING HOLSTEINS AT ST. LOUIS. Fig. 362.

more skim-milk than if they kept Jerseys. They like to
feed the skim-milk to hogs or poultry, and it makes a
cheap food when large crops of such bulky food as
clover or Alfalfa can be fed. On the other hand, other
farmers prefer Jersey cattle because they want a cer¬
tain amount of butter fat with the lowest quantity of
skim-milk to handle. 1 he question whether one breed
will produce a cheaper pound of butter fat than an-

A BUSINESS JERSEY FOR A PRACTICAL DAIRY. Fig. 363.

EVOLUTION OF THE HAND SEPARATOR.

Farmers in the dairy section, including northern Ver¬
mont and the lower part of Quebec Province, have par¬
ticular reason for being thankful for hand separators.
In this section milk or some of its products is nearly
the only product except maple sugar that brings in cash.
The soil is good natural grass land; in an average sea¬

son corn will ripen fairly well for the silo, and oats
and peas make a good growth. Farther south, near
the large towns, others crops are grown, but even here
the roughage of the farm is saved for the cows. For
example, at Waterbury, a corn canning factory makes
a good market for sweet corn. One of our readers
gives this brief account of the way corn is handled:

The refuse from the canning factory
is hauled back by the farmers when
they draw the corn. Some feed it to
their stock, others put it in silos. It
makes very good silage, but a load
should be put in the silo every day, for
it heats and spoils quickly, I think a
ton of these cobs and husks is about
equal in value to a ton of the green
fodder. The company pays $10 a ton
for the corn delivered at factory, cobs
and husks back. I understand that
they pay from $12 to $14 per ton for
corn in Maine, and I think this com¬
pany could afford to do the same. It is
a difficult crop to start, as the seed is
often poor. I have raised some for two
years, but think where a farmer has a
silo that some larger variety like Pride
of the North, pays better. I raised 30
tons of green fodder per acre of this
corn. The average crop of sweet corn
around here is about three tons of ears.

L. M. G.

Thus all farm crops are secondary
to the production of milk, and it is
safe to say that if it were not for
the hand separator dairying could
not now be carried on to advantage
on many farms. No wonder the U.
S. Separator is now considered
about as essential as the cooking
stove. Vermont is the home section
for the U. S. Separator, and it is a
prophet well honored in its own
country. Formerly in this section
private dairying meant double work.
The milk was “set” in pans, crocks
or in “creamers,” requiring a multi¬
tude of pails, pans and other vessels
which must be washed daily. It was
impossibly to obtain all the cream,
and it was not uniform in ripening.
The skim-milk was often sour, and
was handled three times at least.
The introduction of the hand sepa¬
rator has changed_the entire busi¬
ness. When milking begins the sep¬
arator is started, and the warm milk
can be run through it, the pails be¬
ing strained directly into the tank.
The cream runs out at one tube and
the warm skim-milk at another.; the
latter can be fed at once. Instead
of the square rods of tin or earthen¬
ware which were to be washed un¬
der the old system, now the milk
pails, separator and a few cans
require cleaning. In some cases a
steam engine was kept for power in
order to supply steam for cleaning
utensils. Now the steam being no
longer needed, a small gasoline en¬
gine does the work. The separator
skims closer than could be done with
the old system. As the cream is
taken out of the milk while sweet it
can be ripened as needed.

'Ibis section is full of evidence
showing what a blessing the intro¬
duction of hand separators has
proved. 1 he Winters are long and
hard. During the worst of the
storms travel is almost impossible.
Those who patronize creameries
formerly hauled the entire milk to
the creamery. During the worst
storms this was difficult, if not im¬
possible. Now the cream is sepa¬
rated at home, and either sent to the
creamery or delivered to the cream
gatherer. When the whole milk was
delivered, skim-milk was hauled
back to the farm, often sour and in
bad condition. It is claimed by
many that tuberculosis has been
spread from one herd to another by
mixing the milk from a number of
herds and using this mixed milk
for feeding. No one questions the
great advantages of the hand separation where butter is
made at home. The only objection heard against it was
that the work of separating must be done at once after
milking, while with pans or creamers the skimming
might be left to a more convenient time. Where cream
is hauled to the factory the only fair objection made is
that some farmers are not careful enough with their
cans, and thus send dirty or poor quality cream.

84o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

THE HEN AS A "SNOWBIRD.”

How to make fowls profitable in the
Winter months is a problem that many
good poultrymen fail to solve. When a
liock of hens that have been roaming over
several acres of free range every day are
confined to a small house by a fall of
snow, and the conditions of their daily
life radically changed, it is no wonder that
fewer eggs are laid, and profits dwindle
away to nothing. Of the ordinary flocks
of hens probably not one in 10 pays the
cost of keeping from November to the first
of March. As I have been very fortunate
in getting eggs in Winter, this article is
written with the hope that some who are
less successful may obtain helpful ideas.

HOUSING. — I am an advocate of plen¬
ty of fresh air, and the scratching shed
plan of poultry houses seems to furnish
air and exercise with sufficient protection
from the weather to obtain good results.
Fig. 366 is a picture of the west end of
one row of poultry houses connected to¬
gether by scratching sheds. The first
three houses I made in sections, and
moved them from their first location to
where they now stand 10 years ago. They
are 10 feet square on the ground, and 10
feet apart, connected by sheds which need¬
ed only back and roof, as the houses
formed the ends, the front being wire net¬
ting. The coops have slanting fronts,
partly because economy was a necessity in
those days, and the slanting front gave me
30 feet more floor space than a perpen¬
dicular front, at a cost of less than one dol¬
lar for the triangular ends. The advan¬
tages of the slanting front are increased
floor space at little cost, and the striking
of the sun’s rays at nearly a right angle in
Winter, giving a better lighted and heated
interior than a perpendicular front. The
disadvantages are raining in when win¬
dows are open in Summer, and snow col-
' lecting on the windows in Winter.

STYLE OF HOUSE.— I am not in
favor of deep henhouses ; they should be
narrow enough to let the sunshine pene¬
trate nearly or quite to the rear, with the
windows 12 to 15 inches above the ground.
I passed a farm to-day where the owner
had just built on, doubling the size of his
henhouse. The windows were three feet
or more above the grounc. No scratch¬
ing sheds ; no chance to get in the sun¬
shine when they are shut in by the snow ;
while in my houses the whole floor would
be covered with hens wallowing in the
soft dry earth with legs extended, wings
spread out, basking in the warm rays of
the sun. And then this man will wonder
why my hens lay so much better in
Winter than his. 1 take pains to keep the
scratching material out of the henhouses,
and keep the surface inside raked off
reasonably clean, so the hens can have a
good place to wallow in. This is one of
the “little things” that is important, as is
everything that goes to making the hens
comfortable. As to floor space per hen,
my hens get along very nicely and lay
quite well on much less floor space than
the rule of “five square feet per hen.” In
the house next the cooking shed shown in
Fig. 366, 64 hens roosted last Winter; with
the scratching shed there was only 180
square feet of surface, less than three feet
per hen ; yet they laid well and kept
healthy.

A CROWDED HOUSE.— Fig. 365. In
the brooder house 125 pullets roosted,
using the partly enclosed shed adjoining
for a scratching room, the total floor space
occupied being 320 square feet; yet I got
70 eggs a day part of the time from these
pullets. In the three Winter months, De¬
cember. January and February, my hens
laid 10,878 eggs, the lowest number re¬
ceived being 54. on December 5, and the
highest 231 on February 27. Last Winter,
— as will be remembered, — was an exceed¬
ingly cold, cloudy, and unfavorable sea¬
son. The above are the two worst cases
of overcrowding that I had ; not all my
hens were in such close quarters ; those
reserved for breeding had more room, but
so far as I remember the egg output was
not noticeably increased thereby. But it
must not be forgotten that to have hens
do well in such close quarters much more
care is needed. The floor surface must be
raked off more frequently; the litter re¬
newed oftener and there is more danger
from lice, also from disease. I do not
want to be quoted as recommending such
crowding ; I only instance the above to
show that it can be done without ill effect
where sufficient care and skill are used.

INTERIOR FITTING.— Fig. 367 shows
the interior arrangement. The roosts are set
in slots in the standards, so they can be
readily lifted out and turned over to look
for lice, for the lice are alwavs on the un¬
der side of the roosts. The platform
catching the droppings gives the hens the
use of the entire floor, and the set of nests
does not touch the house and can be eas¬
ily taken outside to be cleaned if neces¬
sary. The usual farmer’s arrangement of
three slanting skids with poles nailed fast,
one higher than another for roosts makes
it impossible for him to kill the lice
which fill every crack and crevice on the
under side, and the instinct of the hens

BACK OF THE SECTIONAL HOUSE. Fro. 364.

BROODER HOUSE USED FOR WINTER LAYERS. Fig, 365.

THE SNOWBOUND HEN AT HOME, Fig. 367,

to roost out of the reach of prowling ani¬
mals makes them all struggle to get on
the top roost, crowding each other off,
sometimes being seriously injured by the
fall. With windows so high that sunshine
never touches the floor, it’s no wonder
that AVinter eggs are scarce.

FEEDING. — This is where judgment
comes in ; I do not weigh or measure the
quantity fed. In fact it varies according
to the eagerness displayed by the fowls.
I feed the mash at night, that is about 4.30
P. M. In the morning 1 scatter in the
sheds about a pint and a half to each 25
fowls of cracked corn and wheat, — or
barley and cracked corn. This sets them
to work ; at noon a less amount of the
same. At 4 P. M. I stir into the skim-
milk (20 to 24 quarts) enough fine mid¬
dlings to make a thick batter, first put¬
ting in a tablespoonful of salt and about
three quarts of animal meal or beef scraps.
Then I put in enough cornmeal and bran,
— one part meal to two parts bran, — to
make a crumbly mass when thoroughly
mixed. In Winter I cut up clover or
rowen hay, and mix in the mash, and
three times a week boil a potful of small
potatoes, mash them and mix them hot in
the mash. The Maine Experiment Sta¬
tion found that the difficulty of their
hens becoming too fat was overcome by
giving light feeds in litter of dry grain
morning and noon, thus compelling exer¬
cise ; then a full feed of mash at night.

Connecticut. geo. a. cosgrove.

GASOLINE HEATED BROODER .

The new system of brooding little chicks
used by us with colony-house brooders,
'heated by gasoline burners instead of
kerosene lamps or stoves, has stood the
tests for three years, and we are satisfied
it is the only way for us to raise chicks
on a large scale. Its disadvantage is that
most people arc not used to gasoline, and
do not understand its nature. Like dyna¬
mite. gasoline gas is very explosive, and
for this reason everybody cannot be trust¬
ed with its use, and we do not advise any¬
one who is satisfied with his present meth¬
ods of brooding with kerosene lamps to
make a change, but of those who have
tried our system, as far as we know, none
would go back to the old way.

It is hard to describe the working of a
gasoline burner to those who never saw or
used one, as the principle is so different
from a kerosene lamp. In the first place
the gasoline burner has to be very hot be¬
fore it will work well, and we all know
what happens when a lamp becomes very
hot, either in a brooder or elsewhere. The
advantages of gasoline are, first, the in¬
tense heat you can obtain from one burn¬
er, the evenness with which it runs, the
absence of all smoke or fumes, and the
saving of time in caring for them, as we
only have to fill the tanks twice a week
in ordinary weather, and they never re¬
quire trimming or manipulating unless we
have a violent change of weather. Ours
is a stove burner with an igniter attach¬
ment, which is an arrangement by which
a very small jet of flame is turned on the
burner to keep it hot when not in use,
so that it can be lighted whenever wanted
by turning the burner on. This little ig¬
niter flame is all we use in heating one
of our colony-houses, which cares for
from 150 to 200 chicks. This burner, is
contained in a galvanized iron lamp box
underneath the house, and is connected
with the tank, which is above the roof,
by quarter-inch pipe in such a manner that
the burner with pipe and tank can be re¬
moved in a few seconds, yftnd can be used
with another house when the first chicks
do not peed the heat. The hover is left
in the house some time after the heat is
taken away, but as soon as the chicks can
be trusted to roost, we remove the hover
and heater drum, and put in perches.

Right here we find another advantage
in this system. Every experienced poultry
man has had more or less trouble in
changing the chicks from the small brood¬
ers to houses, for with the old method of
brooding you cannot leave the chicks in
the brooders more than three months at
the longest, but with our system it is only
a few minutes’ work to remove hover and
heater drum and place perches, and the
chicks are never moved from the houses
they are accustomed to. By adding nests
we use these houses the entire year. With
the old style of small brooders, if a man
wished to raise 1,500 or 2,000 chickens, he
would -need 20 or more brooders, making
at least $200 invested, which he could only
use for three or four months of the year,
and then he would need a further invest¬
ment of $20 for a house to store the brood¬
ers eight months of the year. We have
built these houses for $12, and a neighbor¬
ing poultry man has had them built from
the best material by a good carpenter for
$18. These houses can be easily moved
to fresh ground by one horse and a stone
boat, and we move them every year. This
Winter we shall bring them up close to
the feed room, so as to be handy to care
for during the snowy weather, and when
we need them next Spring for chicks they
will move again. flqyd q, white,

J

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

84 1

TOP-WORKING NEWTOWN PIPPIN APPLES

The writer has a large number of Newtown Pippin trees
to top-work. Experience shows a particular difficulty in
grafting trees of this variety. After the graft has started
and grown for one season, it, and the stub which holds
it, die together. Can any of your correspondents suggest
a remedy? I have thought of wrapping the stub with news¬
paper to keep off the sun and the bark beetles. An orchard,
15 years old, has alternating rows of Newtown Pippin and
Winesap. The Winesaps are fine, vigorous trees, while the
Pippins are not more than half as large. The rows are
.30 feet apart. Is it probable that these Pippins top-worked
to some vigorous grower such as York, Imperial or Bonurn,
would develop into good trees? If not, would it pay to dig
them out and set young trees? a. a. b.

Waynesville, N. C.

In top-working the Newtown Pippin the same diffi¬
culty exists as with the Kieffer pear. If too much of
the top is cut off at one time there is a disturbance of
the natural flow of sap, the union is not made perfect
and both the grafts and the tree will die. I f the trees
are of much size only one-third of the top should be
grafted in one year, taking three years to change the top,
whether the trees are three years old or ten. This
always leaves sufficient foliage to cause a normal flow
of sap. The first grafts
set will be large enough
during this time to meet
the sap requirements
when the last branches
are taken off. We have
had entire success in top¬
working Kieffer trees in
this manner with other
varieties, and after 15
years the union is per¬
fect, and the trees give
promise of living for a
century. In the same
manner we have grafted
Newtown Pippin trees
with equal success, top¬
working them with As-
trachan, Fall Strawberry,

Fall Pippin and Bald¬
win, and all have done
equally well. In the
South conditions are
quite different. Shade
there is even more nec¬
essary, and possibly even
a longer time should be
taken to change the tops
of Newtown trees. The
presence of bark beetles
would indicate that the
trees may not be in an
•entirely healthy condi¬
tion. Examination should
be made to decide this.

In the 15-year-old or¬
chard mentioned the
Newtown Pippin trees
would not be as large as
Winesaps, for the trees
,-as a variety are very
slow in growth, with a
.somewhat delicate foli¬
age, which requires
much care to protect it.

We are just now top¬
working a large number
of Northern Spy and
Greening trees with
Newtown buds set in
September last. The
buds were carefully se¬
lected from the strongest
trees, also top-worked
several years ago. Where Newtown grafts have been
set in other stronger growing trees the union has been
good, and at the present time we are gathering some
very beautiful fruit from these grafts. In the North
the Newtown, more than other varieties, requires high
fertilizing, clean culture and the most thorough spraying
that the best possible foliage may be obtained, for
therein lies the chief weakness of this most desirable
variety. george t. powell.

PROTECTING TREES FROM MICE.

How do you keep mice and rabbits away from young
trees in Winter ?

This Winter on the raw ground we shall mound the
trees with the exception of two rows of trees around
each block. On these we shall use the wooden tree-
protectors. On all small trees in sod or near there we
shall use wire about 15 inches in height, and after each
heavy snowstorm will stamp the snow firmly around
the tree where it is of any depth. albert wood.

For the past 15 years it has been my practice to paint
young fruit trees, whether in grass or in cultivated
ground with lime wash and Paris-green just before snow

covers the ground. I find that freshly-made whitewash
put on rather thin will adhere to the trees all Winter.
A large tablespoonful of Paris-green is used for each
two quarts of whitewash. I slake what lime will be
used during each half day. Last season I used the
new process lime and arsenate of lead with good results,
but think the Paris-green better than the latter. I do
not remember having lost a single tree that was well
painted with the lime and Paris-green. Some seasons,
when a good deal of wet weather follows the painting,
the wash has come off so badly that I have whitewashed
a second time. In a few instances where the snow has
drifted badly some of the lower branches above where
whitewashed have been injured by mice, but the trunks
remained uninjured. I have tried Portland cement and
whitewash mixed with one-tenth linseed oil, but they
have not been as satisfactory as the above. In this sec¬
tion wc are only troubled by field mice, rabbits seldom
doing any harm. s. t. maynard.

Massachusetts.

A mound of earth about the base of a tree appears
to be complete protection against attacks by mice. I
have never known a tree protected in this way to be

injured by mice. At the Wisconsin Experiment Station
this was the only protection provided. I have a seedling
plum orchard in my back yard consisting of 13 trees;
12 of these were banked with earth last November; none
of these was injured, while the thirteenth and unpro¬
tected tree was girdled. As I am a trifle “skittish”
when in company with the number 13 I felt somewhat
relieved. A small conical mound, extending six to eight
inches up the trunk, is sufficient. The work is do-ne
just before heavy freezing, as it will then remain intact
until Spring. I have had no experience with other
methods of protection. f. cranefield.

Three years ago we wrapped our trees with wire
cloth, same as used for scree-n doors, cut into lengths
of about 18 inches, width of from eight to 12 inches, de¬
pending on size of trees. These have proved effective.
In placing around trees roll the cloth instead of bending
or creasing it, as this bending breaks the paint, causing
wire to rust out sooner. Tie the band with white twine
and throw about two inches of soil up against the bot¬
tom of band to keep mice from working under. A
coarser mesh galvanized wire cloth would be much more
durable, costing about four cents per tree. To destroy

the mice take Disparene, add 10 times its bulk of water;
mix cornmeal and wheat bran equal parts, and add to
the poisoned water. Mix thoroughly in all meal the
water will take up. Apply one tablespoonful near each
tree. To avoid poisoning the wrong a-nimal place meal
in old tin can such as tomatoes are put up in. This is
sure and safe. grant g. hitchings.

I have had very few trees damaged by either of these
pests. It is my practice, however, when setting a valua¬
ble tree to protect it for at least from three to four
years after setting, as follows : There grows here on
the uplands a kind of grass called “broom sedge,” which
is a-n ideal material for the purpose. It grows about
three to four feet high, with a very hard, woody stalk
with many fine long blades, and is very durable. Take

enough of this grass to cover the body of the tree at

least one-half inch deep, placing the butts of the grass
well down on the crown of the tree, and binding it in
three places with willow twigs of about one-eighth inch
in diameter, and mound up slightly. If the work is well
done it will last from three to five years, and will pro¬
tect the tree not only against mice and rabbits, but ex¬
tremes of temperature; also against the ends of single¬
trees. It also prevents

the insect depositing the

eggs that produce borers.
This covering is left on
the tree until it weathers
away. I have never no¬
ticed any bad results
from this method.

J. W. TRINKLE.

Indiana.

A ROBBER “COVER
CROP.’’

Orchardists are dis¬
cussing the effect of
cover crops upon water
evaporation in orchards.
Here is an experience of
this Summer which goes
to show that the cover
crop is a water robber in
drought. At corn plant¬
ing we had one four-acre
field with a diagonal end
making some dozen short
rows, the last one run¬
ning down to nearly
nothing. These short
rows had been planted,
but I told Mike that we
would not bother to cul¬
tivate them, so we sowed
oats over the surface just
before the first cultiva¬
tion, which occurred as
the young shoots of corn
were breaking ground.
This gore was cultivated
back and forth without
regard to corn rows suf¬
ficient to work the oats
into the soil. However,
this lack of consideration
did not seem to bother
the corn any, and it came
up and grew just as well
as in the long rows
where we were careful
to follow the marking.
The above observation is
for the benefit of ner¬
vous persons who shy at
a weeder or smoothing
harrow. We were using a spring-tooth cultivator that
digs like a tom-cat. Until about three feet high the un¬
cultivated corn in the oat-sown, short rows grew as
rapidly as, if not more so, than the cultivated corn along¬
side. The oats grew well also. In fact, the combination
crop was acting so favorably at the beginning of the
long-day period last June that I had begun to elaborate
a plan for sowing a whole field with corn and oats
to fill the silo ; in this manner eliminating all cultivation
of the corn crop.

When the drought was on about two weeks the corn
had reached the stage where it was pumping water
powerfully. We were giving a weekly cultivation or
oftener, and there was a fine soil mulch over the field.
At this time the oat-sown corn began to wilt, while the
oats grew on unchecked. By the first of July this corn
had practically given up the struggle, and stood limp,

while the cultivated corn alongside showed no indica¬
tion of drought and grew on to the end of the season,
reaching 15 Yz and 16 feet as a maximum height. The
oats were mowed for green feed at a suitable time, the
corn not cutting much of a figure. There is no doubt
in this case that the oats stole the moisture from the
corn and the same thing would happen in the orchard
in kind if not in degree. e. c. birge.

ROSE FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 368. See Ruralisms, Page 848.

842

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 25,

NURSERY STOCK IN WINTER.

How many fruit growers have ever
thought where the trees they buy are kept
over Winter? Of course when buying
late they are able to get trees diig in
Spring, but many of us wish to plant as
soon as the frost is out of the ground,
and naturally our trees could not be dug
and packed and shipped while the ground
was frozen. Thus many of our trees do
not winter in the nursery, but are dug in
the Fall and stored in sheds or packing
houses for Spring shipment. As early as
the latter part of September I saw the
tree digger at work in a block of apple
trees at Harrison’s nursery. The tree
digger is like a curved scoop made of two
pieces of strong steel, which are fastened
to a strong frame, and curve in under the
row of trees. The frame straddles the
row, and as the digger is pulled on the
curved sled slips under the tree and cuts
off the roots without pulling the tree out.
There were 14 mules on the digger that
day — seven on one side of the row and
seven on the other. It was a tough job,
for the soil was hard. Mr. Harrison
showed me a piece of pine root into which
the digger had cut for at least two inches.
After being sliced off in this way the
trees are left until late November or De¬
cember, and then carried to the packing
house.

This is a large building with a floor of
soft sand. The trees are packed or

trees at that time, and gave the trees a
fine glossy appearance.”

“When are the trees inspected?”

“We have an expert to go over every
tree. The first inspection is made as the
trees are dug. All trees that are evi¬
dently inferior are burned. Naturally
such inspection is hurried. After the
trees arc carried to the packing shed, ant
before orders are filled, the trees are
again gone over, and our orders are to
throw out all inferior specimens. Our
mild climate enables us to handle trees
in this way, but it is absolutely necessary
to have them well ripened before they
are put in the packing house.” h. w. c.

HOW TO SAVE GIRDLED TREES.

I have had it in mind for some time to
write the Hope Farm man when I read
of his continual of mulching his trees,
about the danger of girdling next Win¬
ter by mice. I know that he is alive to
the risk, and I wish to relieve him of
all anxiety of loss by a treatment I gave
some girdled trees this Spring. We have
all been familiar with the splice-grafting
at the root to bridge over the peeled
space. It is the mode adopted that proved
a great success and very easily applied.
I used a graver’s gouge chisel about the
size of a turkey quill ; U would about
represent the size and shape. A channel
was cut with this a little in the wood,

TREE DIGGER AT WORK IN A MARYLAND NURSERY.

trenched close together with their i-oots
in the sand — roped off, each variety by
itself — where they slowly ripen their
wood until Spring.

“How long will they keep here?” I
asked.

“Until May 15 at least, but we like to
get them out as early as customers can
use them. Life remains in the tree as
long as it is kept under shelter with its
roots in the sand. If the trees become
too dry we go over them from time to
time and sprinkle them with water.”

“Would you be willing to pack trees in
boxes, say in January, all ready for
Spring shipment?”

“No. I should not consider it safe.
Better keep their roots in the sand. There
would be no advantage in such early
packing. We prefer to do grafting in the
early Winter, and thus leave all hands
free to pack rapidly when Spring opens.
When trees are dug green and carried to
the packing house in this shape it re¬
quires great care to carry them safely
over. The roots must be fully protected
and the tops well sprinkled.”

“What size trees do customers prefer ?”

“Most prefer a medium-sized tree — in
peach a tree that will run three to four
feet or four to five feet. In apple most
prefer trees that will run five to six feet,
while some want a larger tree — six to
seven feet. Two and three-year thrifty
trees are most desired.”

“What about fumigation ?”

“Very few now desire it and many in¬
sist that the trees shall not be fumigated.
There seems no doubt but that many trees
have been injured by fumigation. In or¬
der to be sure of several blocks of apple
trees we spent several weeks last Sum¬
mer with men and boys going over these
trees and wiping them off with cloths.
We used whale oil soap and crude oil,
half and hajf with water. This appeared
to kill all insects that might be on the

both above and below the wound. The
scion was rounded a little through the
bark to fit nicely in the groove. I then
took a one-eighth-inch very small wire
nail with a flat head, and drove through
the scion, bringing it in contact very
closeiy, using two and sometimes three
nails to an end ; then covering thickly
with wax. The success lies in the nail¬
ing to give perfect union, such as you
can do in no other way. I have practiced
tiie old wajrs for years with varying suc¬
cess, but never so good as this last ex¬
periment. Trees bared six or eight
inches that were inches in diameter I
put in eight scions; every one grew, and
now are as large as my middle finger,
and the tree has shown no sign of a
check to growth or color. Not a scion
so placed failed to grow, and the trees
have made growths equal to those not
disturbed, while two that were overlooked
have turned yellow and made no growth,
though onlv half girdled. This plan
works equally well when you wish to have
another branch start to balance up the
top. Now Hope Farm man, if your
trees suffer, try how easy this is to save
them. N. HALLOCK.

PRATT’S

“SCALECIDE

U Soluble
Petroleum

If YOU will guarantee to cover the

SAN JOSE SCALE,

WE will guarantee to kill it without injury to the
tree. Can we do any more ? Yes, lowest cost. Price

In bbls., 50c. per gat: 10 gal. cans, $6: T, gal. cans, 1 gal. cans,

$1, f o. b. N. Y. One gal. makes 21 gals, spray by simply adding
water. For particulars ami circular, address

It G. PRATT CO., 11 Broadway, New York.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

SAN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock.
Catalogue FREE. Address,

JOS. 11. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstowii.N. J.

THE RADIANT

Acetylene Generator

Rush’s Patent DISSOLVING PROCESS.

Coolest, Safest, Simplest Process
Known for Light and Heat

Working parts in plain view. Is Absolutely
Safe. Insurance permitted. Cooking with acety¬
lene is practical and economical with this
Process. It is indispensable wherever the best
light and heat are required. Send for catalog
and price list.

RUSH ACETYLENE GENERATOR CO.,

38 Beeman St., Canandaigua, N. Y.

MAPLE

SUGAR MAKERS!

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Grimm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost in one season. This is Guaranteed or no
sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print “C” free. Terms, May 1.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt., and Hudson, O.

NATURE STUDY LEAFLETS

Prepared by College of Agriculture of Cornell Univer¬
sity. Ithaca, N. Y. 008 pages, fully illustrated, cloth
bound, express or mail prepaid, $>1.35.

READING COURSE BULLETINS

FOR FARMERS AND FARMERS’ WIVES

Prepaied by College of Agriculture of Cornell Univer¬
sity, Ithaca, N. Y. 788 pages, fully illustrated, cloth
hound, express or mail prepaid, $1.85.

J. B. LYON COMPANY, Albany, New Yorh.

PRESIDENT WILDER

and WHITE IMPERIAL CURRANTS.

PEACH TREES— Best orchard sorts.

BEURRE BOSC PEARS,

SPITZENPURG, BOJKEN. McINTOSH RED,
JONATHAN and other varieties of APPLES.

Also NORWAY, ROCK and SILVER .MAPLES
and AMERICAN ELMS.

ALL AT BOTTOM PRICES.

Inquire of S. D. WILLAliD, Geneva, N. V.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

APPLE

and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬
sale prices. Cat. free. Freight paid.
MITCHELL, BEVERLY, ?)HlO.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry has again proven itself to he the
best for profit. A lino stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list and circular upon application.

C. G. VELIE & SON,

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, Y.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-S5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials,
Do not wait until Rabbits and Slice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kans. Box 73.

ERC/mVS TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 years'in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMJWS CO.. Inc..

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs.

Established 1856.

ALFALFA HA\

T Car lots. J. E,
WING & BROS..
M echanicsbu rg, O

DC1 All and other FRUIT TREES at whoie-
P HI I ■ M sale prices. Circular free. R. S.
■ knUIB JOHNSTON. Pox 4, Stockley. Del.

Special Sale of Fruit Trees.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra fine Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurse-ies.
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fruit, Shade .and ornamental
trees. This is a rare chanca to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices,
Write them for prices, stating the amount
wanted.

BARTLETT PEARS

these as well as all kinds of Eariy A PPF
have paid well this season. We -CVI I
have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery
stock. Catalogue free.

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

Itls Worth While

Buy a machine that <loe.s the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oliage is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They throw finest
spray, are easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form*
ulas, etc. Mailed free. '

FIELD FORCE P I MP CO. -
No. 2 11th St. , Elmira, N. Y.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lusts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers In our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented THE ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us [
Into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all |
the experimenting.

Large fully Illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORKIIiIi & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.l

TREES

ROSES

HARDY

PLANTS

All the Best and Hardiest
varieties. Largest Collec-
tionsinAme ica. 144 page
illustrated catalog FREE.
ELLWANGER & BARRY,
Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer F, Rochester, N. Y<

$5-00 per 100 and up.

Freight paid to your station. We have our usual complete
assortment of peach, apple, pear, cherry, plum, shade, ornamental
trees, strawberry plants, &c. Write for catalogue giving our low
delivered prices.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, Chattanooga, Tenn.

TREES

£,*5 PFR IOO FRFIGHT PAID ApFo, Pear .Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
run PJU, rtlufUni rHIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Pox 10, Geneva N V

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

riOGrEHS OKT TIIE IITT.T .T
Tlic Apple BreedLor, _ Danswillc, KT. Y.

JS; | g* Sure remedy for SAN JOSE SCALE.
■ ReadY for use by simply mixing with
yzp STm Ska HR* water. Information and prices mailed on
application. HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

1905.

843

NOTES ON THE SILO .

RAPID WORK.— (We believe we hold
the record. Not for the fastest horse or the
best cow, but for a quick silo. We have
at one end of the barn a square silo, an
octagonal one at the other end, and Fri¬
day morning, September 22, we found
them both full, and 40 loads of corn un¬
housed. We had thought they would set¬
tle so that we could get 10 acres into 220
tons silo space, but it was no go. We do
not like to handle dry cornstalks, and we
do like silage, so we quickly made up
our minds to build a baby silo. We used
the telephone, and found we could get
sufficient 2x6 lumber 16 feet long to
make a 14-foot silo. Hemlock $20 per
1,000 planed, beveled and delivered. So
while this was being planed and beveled,
and the rods made, we dug away from
one side of the barn a space about 16 feet
wide and ll/2 foot deep. We put in small
stones, tamped them down, and covered
with about three inches of cement. We
engaged a carpenter to come next morn¬
ing, and at 9 A. M. the lumber was on
the ground; at 5 P. M. the stave silo was
complete and ready for corn. We filled
it heaping full with 38 loads of corn, and
have nearly 50 tons of silage, which we
consider worth twice as much as the same
amount of dry fodder would have been.
The silo cost between $50 and $60, and
could have been built cheaper had we had
a little time to get materials at bottom
price. But here is a silo conceived one
day, born and matured the next, and now
the farm has three varieties of silo. This
past week one of our teams has delivered
in town over $300 worth of horse hay
(Timothy) at $20 per ton. We have more
to sell, but without the silo we should
have to buy perhaps a like amount rather
than sell. No wonder we like the silo.

ESTIMATING CONTENTS. — Many
wish to build a silo, but do not know what
size they need, or hardly how to find the
capacity. It is an easy matter if you know
the combination. To find the capacity of
a square silo we multiply the length, width
and height of the silo in feet and divide
the result by 50 to get the tonnage, as an
average cubic foot of silage weighs 40
pounds, thus requiring 50 cubic feet for
a ton. For a circular silo we square the
diameter and multiply by .7854 to get the
surface measurement, and this by the
height. Suppose we wish to build a silo
30 feet high and 16 feet in diameter:
16 x 16 = 256 X .7854 = 201.06 X 30 =
6031.8 -r- 50 — 120, the tonnage capacity
of the silo. The size one needs will of
course depend upon the number of ani¬
mals kept, the length of time they are to
be fed and the amount to be fed daily to
each animal. How much to feed must
depend upon circumstances. If we were
in sections where land is easily tilled and
suitable for corn we should feed what
they would eat up clean twice a day, and
a light feeding of hay once a day. This
method of feeding permits a large amount
of stock to be kept upon a small acreage,
as the soil, by large additions of fertility
in the shape of manure, grows richer
every year. On many farms this allows
the selling of hay, and still keeps up
the fertility of the farm ; 40 pounds fed
daily will require 3 x/2 tons per cow for six
months, or five tons for eight months’
feeding. Where land is hard to till it is
often more profitable to feed silage only
once a day and hay twice; 20 pounds
daily will require about two tons per
cow for six months, or 2x/2 tons for eight
months’ feeding. h. g. Manchester.

THE CARE OF FARM MACHINERY.

I never put a tool or machine away dirty
if it can possibly be avoided, and always in¬
sist on the men taking time to clean tools
when through using, particularly shovels, hoes,
cultivator, plows and disk harrows. All tools
with the exception of spring-tooth harrow and
plows are never left out at night, and plows
are not as a ru'?. Ordinary machine oil is
the best tb'rg I have ever used, unless a tool
is very rusty ; then I use kerosene and fol¬
low that with the machine oil. The phos¬
phate attachment to the grain-drill is the
hardest thing to keep clean. I take cups out
every time drill is not to be used for a few
days, and cover well with the machine oil.

THE RURAL N

The mower and binder I always use myself,
and find by keeping my eyes and ears open
and fixing anything I find wrong right on
the spot that there is no need for over¬
hauling in the Winter. In fact, I firtd Win¬
ter just as busy a time with most farmers
as the Summer is, and it is not nearly so
easy to get at a machine as a rainy day in
the Summer. If tools are kept housed very
little painting will be necessary, and if not
the time and expense of painting might bet¬
ter be put into a house for them ; dry ground
floor and good roof are all that is necessary.
Last, but not least, is the harness. I think
that we make a mistake in not using the
soap more, instead of so much oil. The rule
with most farmers is thoroughly to soak in
warm water, wash clean and then saturate
thoroughly with oil once a year. I prefer
to wash with harness soap once a month
if possible. I do not consider ready-mixed
paints in the hands of the ordinary farmer
a good investment. What I have done has
never been satisfactory, but perhaps that is
my own fault. o. J. b.

Charlotte, N. Y.

I am a crank on tools and the care of
them. My men have ail tools put under the
shed each night during the growing season ;
some tools have to be left out, I do not see
how it can be avoided. I use axle grease
on all metal parts. New tools do not need
any paint for years if kept under cover. All
old tools are painted each Fall before putting
away. I only take apart such as will not go
through the door. I find if tools are taken
apart a careless hand might misplace a tap or
bolt; you would not know it until you were
ready to use, then a trip to town when time is
valuable. a. s. akciier.

Illinois.

When storing plows, cultivators, etc., I
brush off all dirt, then paint all bright metal
parts with crude petroleum. We do not. paint
all wood work every year, as we try to keep
machines and tools under a shed. If left
out through the Summer, I think they should
be painted before storing for the Winter. I
take the pole and cutter-bar off the mowing
machine, so it will take less room in the

barn. I oil the bearings, then brush with

any soft cloth to take off oil and gum ; then
use the oily rag to brush the knives so that
they will not rust. Last year I ground the
knives when I put them away ; brushed a
little oil over them, and they were in good
condition when I wanted them in a hurry
this year. I think that it pays to use plenty
of oil. It pays to keep tools and machines
under cover, for they last longer, do better
work, and do It easier. h. s. e.

New Jersey.

The most important thing is to keep ma¬
chinery well housed at all times when not
in use. There is more loss to the farmers
of the country from leaving their tools ex¬
posed to the elements than in any other way ;
it far exceeds the actual wear when in use.
As to painting, it is good economy to keep
them well painted and all the bright wearing
parts, as cultivator points and plows, covered
with a coat of linseed oil when not in use.
Rust is the worst enemy to steel tools, and
it will pay well to protect them against it.
As to my own practice, I never allow any
tool to remain outside even over night, and
all tools are cleaned and wiped dry before
putting them away each time. Some farmers
will say it does not pay to be so careful, but
I know that it pays me well, both in dollars
saved and in the satisfaction of having the
tools always in good order for use. d. r. r.

Tompkins Co., N. Y.

Our farm machinery is all housed in build¬
ings expressly for the purpose, and kept there
at all times except during the season of Its

use. We always clean off the dirt, so that

the iron has no chance to rust. The ferti¬
lizer attachment to the drill is the hardest
thing to keep from rusting. This we clean
thoroughly after using, and then have no
rouble. With constant housing the paint will
last about as long as the machine. Theoreti¬
cally the proper way is to attend to all re¬
pairs when the machine is put away, but
I am frank enough to say that we are so busy
with the subsequent job that we wait until
the next Spring. We get them out some time
ahead, look them over, and put them in con¬
dition for use. h. e. cook.

New York. _

Catalpa from Seed.

F. TF., Carmel, Ind. — 'What is the best
method of starting Catalpa trees from seed?

Ans. — Catalpa seeds should be kept
over Winter in a dry condition, and plant¬
ed in Spring. They usually grow very
easily when properly planted. The soil
should be thoroughly prepared as for
garden seeds, and rows marked out about
three feet apart, but there should be no
deep furrows, very shallow marks or fur¬
rows being all that is needed. The seeds
should be dropped in drills or continuous
rows, with about five or six seeds to the
foot, and covered not over an inch deep.

The plants may be thinned if they are
left in the nursery rows more than one
year, but it is usually better to dig up
and plant them permanently at one year

Old. H. E. VAN DEMAN.

EW-YORKER.

No. 19
Iron Age
Wheel Plow
and Cultivator

Make the Garden Pay

You can do double your present work with half the cost.

You can do your work better and do it when it should
done. You can increase your profit by
proper planting and better
cultivation. Any imple¬
ment shown herewith
will pay for itself in
from three to ten days in
labor, time and seed saved.

No. 8
Iron Ago
Hill and Drill
Seeder

can be relied on everyday in the year. Wherever they are used, on farm, garden or market
garden, these implements soon demonstrate their worth, and are always found invaluable. They
sow evenly, saving seed, they do double the work of ordinary cultivators; they are light ~
strong and durable, “Iron Age,” our new book for iqofi, explains the use
of all our Iron Age Implements, besides giving valuable points on
planting and cultivation. Send for the book to-day and read up
on the new way to cultivate for profit. It describes many new
and improved money-making farm garden implements,

^Potato Planters, Riding and Walking Cultivators, Or
chard Cultivators, Horse Hoes
Sprayers, etc. Write
for the book now.

No. 6
Iron Agro
Double and
Single
Wheel
Hoe, Hill
and Drill
l /Boeder

BATEMAN MF6. CO.,

Box 1fi2X|Grenloch. N. J,

No. 1
Iron Age
Double and
Single Wheel
Hoe

SLEICH BARGAINS.

Now is the time to place your order for Sleighs. You can buy
cheaper and get a better finished Sleigh than if you wait until later.

No. 20, Price $26.00. No. 30, Price $27.50.

The above styles are strictly first-class and fully guaranteed. Just the same
as you have to pay $40.00 and $45.00 for at retail. We will sell them to you at
these low wholesale prices for a short time only. You will make no mistake in
sending in your order now.

We also have a complete line of Harness. Write for catalogue to-day.

ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., Rochester, N. Y.

FARMERS, IT WILL PAY YOU

to use our FARMER’S FORGE OUTFIT on your
farm in doing blacksmithing and repairing. We have high
endorsements for the thousands of Farmer’s Forges sold
direct to farmers within the past nine years in every state
and Canada. Our Forges have hearths 21x26 inches, lljf
inch blowers, run easy, and have all the first class qualities
of high-priced forges.

WE POSITIVELY GUARANTEE Forges to be

as large, as durable, do as much work and equal in every
way any $10.00 forge on the market, and as represented or
money refunded.

SPECIAL WINTER OFFER

Forge complete $3. GO, or one Farmer’s Forge, one anvli and
vice combined, and one pair of tongs, all for $6. 25. Ten
carloads on hand. Orders shipped promptly. This offer
may not appear again. Write to-day. Send stamp for
catalogue No. 10 and testimonials.

O. A. s. FORGE WORKS, Saranac, Mich.

Let Us Pay the Freight on this Disc Harrow
to You for a Month’s Free Test

Give your Horses a treat by hitching them to
a Disc Harrow that won't worry the life out of
them with a pounding tongue.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is new
on the market, yet it’s having a wonderful sale;
we are getting orders for it from all over the
country.

People write us— “Why didn’t somebody think
of this before?”

We want to do this.

We want to send one to you direct from our
factory, prepayingall freight charges, letting you
have the harrow to use on your farm a full month.

There's no charge for the use of the Harrow,
nor do we ask you to pay a penny down.

All you have to do is to send for the Harrow.

If at any time during the month it is not ex¬
actly as wo claim it to be, and if it does not do the
work we claim it will do, ship it back to us at our
expense and we will pay all freight both ways.

If it is as we represent it, and does the work
wo claim it will, then pay us for it on time to suit
your convenience.

The Detroit Tongueless Diso Harrow is worth
its weight in horseflesh every season.

Your horses will do 25% more work, and do it
easier und better, than with any other Diso
Harrow.

This is because of its correct principle.

There is no tongue for the horses to fight, or
hold up on a galled neck.

No side draft or crowding of team on short
turns; just even, steady pull.

The Front Truck supports the front end of the
machine, perfectly balancing weight of driver.

American Harrow Co., 1621

Construction amply strong for heavy work; Steel
Frame strongly braced.

Steel Discs of the very best quality.

Ball Bearings to tuke the End Thrust.

Double Lovers, easy to handle.

Steel Scrapers, set by hand or foot, and held
exactly where needed.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is manu¬
factured under exclusive patents and sold only
by us. And our entire output is sold direct to
farmers on the 30-day Approval Test Plan, and on
time if you wish it.

You had better write ns at once for booklet
and full description and price list of the Harrow,
telling us when you want to use one.

Hastings St., Detroit, Mich.

" ABENAQUE

9 9

COMBINATION CIRCULAR AND DRAG
SAW OUTFIT WITH 5 H. P. ENGINE

* l* U vl\o j

Si iple,
Strong,
Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE

ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS

Write for Free Cat. o. ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta.f Vt.

844

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

On page 853 we make a proposition to
new readers for the year 1906. Of course,
old subscribers will come in for their
- just share with their renewals. We will
talk about that next week. For this week
w'e want to ask old subscribers to inter¬
est new readers in this proposition for
next year. On the same page we offer
some valuable premiums for small clubs.
The hooks are especially attractive, and
the women folks will want that breakfast
set. It is a beauty.

We print the following letter just to
show how the ten-weeks’ trials work :

Enclosed find $1 for subscription to The
It. N.-Y., and copy of “The Business Hen.’'
I have already taken advantage of your
10 weeks for a dime. Now I want to let.
you know how your small envelope does the
trick. I have recently bought a little place
in Vineland. N. .1., and my next-door neigh¬
bor handed me a copy of your paper and
your dime offer; result. I was converted. 1
took samples to a friend of mine: he sent an¬
other dime and I think you can safely look
for his dollar. Now if you send a sample
for another neighbor and a small envelope,

I think you will get another subscriber.

New Jersey. a. w. s.

We have any amount of these little en¬
velopes to send you if you will distribute
them. You can sign your name to the
blanks, and get up a club in that way.
We credit you with every little envelope
returned. Shall we send you some?

Here is another letter we give just to
show what The R. N.-Y. is occasionally
able to do, not only for a single sub¬
scriber. but for a whole neighborhood :

Possibly yon may remember we had some
correspondence two or three years ago about
a mess I got into with a nursery company.
Owing to your advice I refused to pay them,
as they did not do as agreed. They sued me
in Itochester. and I moved for a change of
venue and got it. and the matter was dropped,
and owing to this a number of others got
clear of them also. Thanking you again for
your good and timely advice, I am

New York. a. a. it.

We did the same thing when we
warned farmers against the Chicago
creamery sharks, and again in the case of
the American Farm Co, of Buffalo, N. Y.
The W. M. Ostrander, Philadelphia, Pa.,
advance fees and investment propositions
are subjects of recent discussion and
warning.

Another gentleman whose standing and
reputation should be looked up before
losing any time on him otherwise is a
Mr. Scanlan of Portland, Me. Pie makes
gas engines. It used to be the Dirigo
Engine Co. and later the American Gas
Engine Co. The farmer who sends Mr.
Scanlan a remittance is at his mercy. He
is willing to pay advertising bills in ad¬
vance. He can get the advertising no
other way. He can’t get it that way nor
any other way in The R. N.-Y. Put him
and his companies in the list to let alone.

Fine Live Stock. — The Ayrshire cattle
shown at Fig. 361, page 839, were ex¬
hibited at St. Louis by W. P. Schanck.

'J hey won sweepstakes prize of all dairy
herds. The Holsteins on same page are
from the herd of T. A. Mitchell. Weeds-
port, N. Y. The fine young Berkshire
sows on page 850 are from Willoughby
Farm, Gettysburg, Pa. We shall have
special articles showing the distinct value
of Berkshires and other breeds during the
season.

KEEP WARM!

Don’t risk comfort, health and life itself
by going through the cold drives of another
winter without

The Standard Carriage Heater.

Keeps you as warm ns if yon were at
home, and at a cost of less than two cents
for a whole day. No trouble, no smoke,
no smell, no danger.

Notice the sloping shape of the Standard
Heater, which is so restful to the feet, It
is recognized as the standard of QUALITY
and EFFICIENCY, and is

GUARANTEED UNCONDITIONALLY.

Money lefunded if not in every way
satisfactory.

An ideal Christmas present. „ -

Most dealers handle the Stan-
dard. Write to-day for /JM!
souvenir blotter, and illus¬
trated circular which tells
you all about
them— free.

|The

Standard^L^

Stamping CoX^3

| Marysville, Ohio*

BALE YOUR HAY.

A Reliable

Hand Hay Press

12 Sizes.

Manufactured only by

HOBSON & CO,, 12 State Street, We* York.

Own a TIRRILL GAS Machine.

'+ For lighting, cooking, power,
and in fact every purpose for
which gas can be used. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed before you pay for
it. Practical and safe. Operated
by anyone. Agents wanted.

Tirrill’s Gas Mch. Co.

Founded 1864.

75 Fulton Street, New York.

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower jj
sickle, with the 5

Practical
Grinder.

3,000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed, does
not draw temper or
heat tools. Every
hoineneedsit. Write
for price and circu-
lar. A few good
agents wanted.

POVAL MFC. CO., 226 E. Walnut St„ Lancaster, Pa.

Black Hawk

grist mill

A hand mill for country, vil¬
lage and city housekeepers.
Fresh corn meal, graham, rye
flour, etc. Fast, easy grinder made to last.

Weight 17 lbs. $3.00. EPA?D.SS

Soon pays forltseir. You’ll flndadozenuses
for it. Grinds corn, wheat, rye, rice, spices,
coffee, etc. flue or
coarse. Just the
thing for cracking
grain for poultry.
Black Hawk book FREE.

A. H. PATCH,

Mfr. of IlAnd Mlllfl And Corn 8h»Uer§
exclusively, Agenti Wanted.

Clarksville, Tennessee.

There is Nothing Uncommon About
a MILK WAGON,

BUT THE

PARSONS
“ LOW-
DOWN”

MILK

WAGON

IS AN UN¬
CO MM OX

GOOD MILK WAGON FOR THE MONEY.

Send at once for Catalogue to tlie

PARSONS ‘‘LOW-DOWN ” WAGON WORKS,

KARLVILLE, N. Y.

A Horse
For Sale

Have you a horse for sale? Perhaps he is
not in good salable condition. He is a little
thin and eoat is somewhat rough. Cf course
you want to get all he is worth. He must he
fitted up to do this: but you don’t want to lie
all winter doing it. A little fat and a smooth
glossy eoat means extra dollars in a horse sale.

CRESCENT STOCK FOOD

is tlie best aid you can get. It will improve
iiis spirits, tone up and strengthen the entire
system, purify the blood and make the eoat
sleek and glossy. It will aid his digestion
and improve his appetite.

Crescent Stock Food,

tieal stockman is unlike any other. It is more
concentrated and goes farther. Costs less per
day and acts quicker and better. Try it
and be convinced. Money back if it fails.

For sale by dealers or send direct to me.
14 lb. pail by express prepaid for $2.

Clearies Buchan,

STANLEY, N. Y.

The Langworthy Spavin Cure.

THE CURE THAT CURES.

using in

dies in vain, I heard” of Tlie
JLangworthy Spavin Cure,
and used it according to di¬
rections. My horse is now
sound and well.

That’s why I laugh.

I could not rest nights, my
hours of work were torture.
At last my master used a lit¬
tle horse sense and bought
The Lang worthy Spavin
Cure. Urnneness gone, feel
like a colt.

That’s why I laugh.

Put up in 6 oz. glass jars, packed securely in the “Irn-

S roved Mailing Case, ' and sent postpaid to any part of the
nited States or Canada on receipt of two dollars.
Guaranteed an absolute cure for 8PAVIN, ItING-RONR
or SPLINT, or money refunded by

LEWIS BROS., Sole Props
Jordan, N.Y.

EAR TAGS

^BURC^

t^W/CAC>o.

BUTTONS'
LABELS

J Best, Most Durable and Cheapest!

| Illustrated catalog mailed FREE upon request |

F. S. BURCH & C0„ 177 IIHnoig St„ Chicago

A

Blatchford’s
Calf Mea

\

RAISFS THE FINEST CALVES AT

ONE-HALF THE COST OF MILK

\

F rec Pamphlet at your Dealers or

BLATCHFORD’S CALF MEAL FACTORY

WAUKEGAN. ILLINOIS

Established ai Leicester. England, in 1800

In order to properly handle our rapidly growing Eastern trade, we have established

A New York Factory

For the Manufacture of Darling’s High Protein Poultry Products.

We desire to express our appreciation for the generous patronage in the Eastern and New
England States that has made this new factory necessary. The high character of the Darling
products will be sustained. With an Eastern factory for Eastern customers we shall be able
in future to give this trade the prompt and careful attention its importance deserves. Our
catalog, enlarged and improved, just off the press, is mailed free. Poultrymen need it.
Send to either of the following addresses:

Box 63, Long Island City, New York.
Box 63, Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

DARLING t COMPANY,

FEED & EITTE

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durableand humane. For infor¬
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Go., 39 Broadway. Fairfield, Iowa.

4...

Making Winter
Money.

In this country there is a vast oppor¬
tunity for the man on the farm to turn
his winter days into money. There is
work everywhere for a man who owns
and knows how to handle a good, service¬
able power. And it does not take a tech¬
nical man, a trained mechanic to make
money in this way. We do the technical
part. We study the thing out and put it
up to you. Then you make money all
through the winter days when most of
your neighbors are idle. That’s what
makes men prosperous and powerful in
this country — taking advantage of the
opportunities that lie right at their door.

Take the matter up with our Farm
Power Men. Write about the work in
your neighborhood and let us lay out a
money making campaign for you. It won’t
cost you anything to see what we can sug¬
gest. And don’t wait. Write now. Let us
send you our free book on Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales t trucks , valves and fittings, gas and
gasoline engines, farm machines , machine
tools, factory power transmission t
factory supplies .

Albany. New Orleans, Baltimore,
Boston. Philadelphia, Pittsburg,
Buffalo, Syracuse, Hartford,

Bangor, Me.,

[ London. England, Glasgow, Scotland,

Air-Cooled Gasoline Engine

For Power Spraying.

No water to freeze. Hundreds in use.
Write for spraying catalogue.

1 1-2 H.P

350 lbs.

Your Profits

Will be greater, and you will
save time, trouble and worry,
as well, if you let an I. H. C.
Gasoline Engine do your
work. For safety, simplicity,
durability and real economy,
both in first cost and expense
of operation, the

III F Gasoline
• n, v. Engine

is in a class by itself. It is
perfectly practical, plain and
easily understood — any bright
boy of 12 can run it.

Let us prove to you that
I. H. C. Gasoline Engines are
best for

Feed Cutting, Wood Sawing, Husk¬
ing and Shredding or Shelling
Corn, Grinding Feed, Pump¬
ing, Churning, Separa¬
ting, etc.

and a hundred and one other odd
jobs about tlie farm that use up time
and energy.

Vertical (like cut,) 2, 3, 5 H. P.
Horizontal and Portable, 6, 8, 10,

12, 15 H, Power.

Call on the International Agent and
let him show you, or write to us for
catalog telling all about how you can
save money with the I. H. C. Gasoline
Engines. •

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO.
OF AMERICA, CHICAGO.

(INCORPORATED.)

R. H. DEYO, Binghamton, New York.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

845

SOME CALIFORNIA THRASHING
METHODS.

I recently read in Hope Farm Notes
the advice to use flails or clubs for thrash¬
ing sunflower seed. This brings to mind
some of the thrashing methods I saw in
my recent trip to California. For large
crops there the power thrasher, fitted
with electric lights, holds the lead, but
for small crops I saw some more primi¬
tive methods being used, which were
quite interesting. For small lots of seed,
such as a crop of sunflower, onions, etc.,
the heads were spread on large pieces of
canvas and crushed out with the farm
roller. For beans the dried plants (bush
type) were spread in a circle, and a light
wagon with two horses on head and two
more hitched behind was driven around
the circle to thrash out the seed. On the
Lima bean ranches, a level smooth floor
is made with a plank drag, the bean
vines thickly spread to a depth of a foot
or more and a disk harrow driven repeat¬
edly over the vines to thrash out the
beans. So universal is this method that
disk harrows are at a premium at this
season of the year, and I was told that
it is almost impossible to borrow one, as
they are bespoken two and three deep in
advance of the thrashing season. Of
couse the soil is hard and dry at this
season, and the beans are readily swept
up from the thrashing floor of earth and
cleaned in an ordinary fanning mill. An¬
other point which will probably interest
you is that all wire fences seemed to be
in excellent condition, probably due to
the dry climate, and the railroads are
fenced with wire right across the top of
the barest and most desolate mountains.

E. D. DARLINGTON.

THE LADYBIRD AND THE SCALE.

Many readers will remember that several
years ago the Department of Agriculture
Imported from North China specimens of a
ladybird beetle which lived upon scale insects.
It was fondly hoped (hat this insect would
breed and thrive in this country and spread
so as to help control the San Jose scale.
The following report shows how these hopes
have been blasted.

in the very orchards where it was doing
its best work. As a consequence all the
beetles starved, or their numbers were
greatly reduced. The local stock of lady¬
birds in Washington practically disap¬
peared with t’’e gradual extermination of
scale food and by the action of parasites,
and while colonies were sent out from
the South for a time longer, the effect of
spraying operations soon made it almost
impossible to collect there for distribu¬
tion, and the Department has discon¬
tinued attempting artificially to extend the
range of this imported beetle. There
seems, however, to be little doubt that
the beetle has maintained itself in many
districts in the South, and its usefulness
will probably increase from year to year.
It so closely resembles a native species,
Chilocorus bivulnerus, that even an ex¬
pert cannot distinguish the adult insects,
although in the larval stages the two can
be separated. The imported insect is a
much more prolific one than the native
species, having three or four broods a
year instead of one or possibly two in
the case of the native insect. It will be
seen from this experience that spraying
and ladybird colonizing or work with
other natural enemies does not get on
well together. Furthermore, the interests
of commercial fruit growing necessitate
spraying to keep the fruit clean. Natural

Maple Sugar Makers

We call jvuf attention to the fact that
we make the BEST and HANDIEST
EVAPORATOR on the mar-
One man can operate any
size. Get your goods
now; don't wait
until Spring.

Write us for
Catalog and
prices.

WARREN

Evaporator Works,
Warren, Ohio.

Stylish
Cutters

Latest styles, newest
models. Sold direct
from factory to user at
factory prices.

Kalamazoo Axle Runners.

Slake an elegant sleigh of your buggy, quick, easy,
cheap. Adjust for any axle. Wri to lor catalog now
bo lore sleighing time. Special discount on bug¬
gies and carriages for the next fiO days. Address

Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.,

Box 220, Kalamazoo, Mich.

THE

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.
Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.
Columbus, Ohio.

Send for Catalogue
No. 62.

WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES

Lightest in weight. Fewest
working parts. Simplest in
construction. Anyone can
set it up and learn to run it
in lu minutes. About one-
lialf price of other engines
of equal power. Yon can
try it free. Write to-day.
R. M. COHN WELL CO..

444 So. Salina Street.
Syracuse, New York,

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth

Does more work, saws more wood
and makes more money than any
other outfit at twice its cost
Send for Catalogue MU .

Stoddard Mfg. Co. . Rutland, Vt.

100 Gallons
30 Feat
1 Cent

Name.

Town.

F airbarvks-Morse
Domestic Water Supply

Provides all the conveniences of city water
works at moderate cost

Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes
from 2 h. p. up.

Cut out complete advertisement and send to

FaLirba-nks, Morse (Si Co.

Morvroe St. Chicago, III.

Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. W 598
Gasoline Engines.

I may want . h. p. to _

_ Street No— . .

A Never Failing Water Supply,

The Asiatic ladybird enemy of the San
Jose scale (Chilocorus similis), when
first imported, gave great promise of use-
• fulness in the little experimental orchard
under our control on the Department
grounds, and multiplied enormously, and
a great many colonies were sent out both
to northern and southern regions. The
next year, unfortupately, a native fly
parasitic on ladybird larvae began to at¬
tack the imported beetle in the Wash¬
ington colony, and nearly exterminated it.
In the meanwhile, however, the beetle had
obtained very promising foothold in sev¬
eral orchards in Georgia, multiplying in
one orchard in a single season from a
few individuals to some 30,000 or 40,000.
A great many additional colonies were
sent ’out during 1903, both from Wash¬
ington and from Georgia. None of the
colonies sent to the Northern States, that
is, north of Washington, became estab¬
lished nor gave any useful results, and
subsequent experience has confirmed the
belief that there is little likelihood of
marked usefulness for this beetle for the
northern fruit regions. It is possible,
however, that if it becomes well estab¬
lished in the South, it will gradually work
north and develop a northern race, as
have many other insects which have slow¬
ly extended their range from the South
northward in this country. At the time
that this beetle began to demonstrate its
probable considerable usefulness in Geor¬
gia and elsewhere in the South, the prac¬
tical value of the lime, sulphur, and salt
wash became fully established, and all
commercial orchards were regularly sub¬
jected to spraying operations with this
mixture. The result was that the scale
food of the imported beetle was almost
completely destroyed, and this was true

WELCOME HOME !

enemies will at best only mitigate the evil,
and now that an effective and fairly in¬
expensive tree wash for this scale has
been discovered, we are strongly recom¬
mending everyone who has any orchard
interests of value to spray regularly rath¬
er than trust to control by natural
enemies. l. o. Howard.

Chief of Bureau.

CEDAR RUST ON FRUIT.

Every year we are asked what connec¬
tion cedar trees have with apple disease.
A bulletin from the Nebraska Station
(Lincoln), has discussed this matter. A
disease known as Cedar rust has two
stages of growth. During the Summer
it appears on the foliage, twigs and fruit
of the apple — some varieties showing it
more than others. During the Fall and
Winter the germs of this disease infest
the foliage and twigs of cedar trees,
where it appears as the well-known “cedar
apples,” or small brown knots. When
warm weather comes these knots grow
out into thread-like tubes, which grow
into large, sticky tongues of an orange-
yellow color. From these spores are car¬
ried to apple trees, so that the disease
lives its life of Winter upon the cedars
and Summer upon the apples. The most
practical remedy is to cut down the cedar
trees which grow near apple orchards.
It was found in Nebraska that a number
of varieties, including Wealthy. Jonathan
and Missouri Pippin are quite inclined
to Cedar rust.

wun aosoiute saiety, at small cost may be baa by using

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Warren St., New York. <*' 239 Franklin St., Boston

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P.Q.

40 North 3th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuiente-Key 11, Havana. Cuba.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight.

DeLOACII MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 303. Atlanta, Ga.

WE GUARANTEE

2-Roll,

4-Roll,
and
6-Roll,

Diwn o< Mounfef.

Write to-day /or
/ret Catalogue,

APPLETON

that under the
same conditions
. „ . as to power and

speed applied, condition of corn, etc..

The Appleton v
Corn Husker

will do more and better work thSB any other ma¬
chine of like character and corresponding eizo „n
the market, that it is simpler in construction ; easier
In every way to operate; easier and safer to feed and
■to require less power for successful operation. The
proof or those claims is sent tor the asking We
make also a complete line of sweep and tread horBe
powers, shelters, ensilage and fodder cutters, feed
grinders wood saws, windmills, etc. itcinember
that Appleton quality Is the staudardof excellence.

TILE DBAIHED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE —

Carries off surplus water;
.... . admits air to the soil., in¬

creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
- 1 V/®1," 1 LI® meet* every requirement. We also make Sewer

'TW 1 1Pe\Ke,d and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOUK H. JACKSON, 76 Third A™., ijbaoy, N y.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

.T-,_°-n-e*cyl;m'" enS‘?.cs (.revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy_and_Less to Run. Quickly, easily started.

tionary or traction.

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN.”

. . a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

Mention this paper.- Send for Catalogub. filE TEMPLE PoSlT cfo., MiL.Mcagh^ Kti. St£ Chlc^ THIS* I^UR FIFTYf^ESN^YEA^:

an

^LT AT1 by netting a knodig Pitless Portable ; complete I National Pitless Scale Co., Kansas City Mo.

r\. V Mi except floor planks. Guaranteed ten years Gentlemen The Knodig Pitless Scale lias

Here is the pviHpnco ■ been tested against a S250 Standard Scale and

SS0 ' _ - _ jjcic i> iue eyinence, ib nrn.ui.iin tr 1

N„™ f_0'fre6 of scaeiee£ffoerm.tt:ioP" Pr0Ted

National Pltlaaa Seals Co., 2100 Wyandotte St., Kansas CHy, Me, LaPorte City, lows.

846

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25.

CARE OF COLT IN WINTER.

The Baby or Weanling. — When the
colt is old enough to wean, that is, from
four to six months, 1 have practiced the
following method, for many years, and
have found it the most satisfactory of any
I have ever tried. After separating the
colt and dam I allow the colt to go to the
mother for a few minutes, morning, noon
and night, for two or three days; then
only morning and evening; after this,
once a day for a few days, then every

GLORY AND STAR REGIS.

other day for a week, and the mare will
then be beyond all danger of injury from
drying up her milk. If she is a heavy
milker 1 should advise having her milked
out once or twice. Now, having weaned
the colt let us consider the best way to
care for and feed it. First provide a
good, warm box stall with plenty of light;
keep well bedded with sawdust or tan-
bark for foundation with straw on top.
Never allow the stall to become filthy,
which can be guarded against by shaking
out the straw and cleaning out the refuse
every day. Care should be taken to keep
the stall dry. Get a cattle card and
brush, and use it once a day, at least, to
keep the youngster's coat clean, and do
not forget to brush out his mane and
tail. He will certainly enjoy this brush¬
ing. Look to his feet, cleaning them
twice a week if not oftener, and keep
them level, toes not too long.

Feeding. — We take it for granted that
the youngster has been taught to eat grain
before weaning; therefore place a box,
large enough to hold a pail, in a conveni¬
ent corner of the stall, securely fastened
to the same. Feed the grain in the pail,
which is easily kept clean and sweet.
Commence by feeding one quart each of
oats and wheat-bran, sprinkle on a little
salt, not forgetting a few pieces of apple
or carr.j't. Clean the pail after each meal.
After awhile the colt will eat this grain

p?T- - * — ; ; , ..

DOROTHY AND TOPSY.

ration twice or thrice a day without harm.
As to the hay, have a manger built across
one corner of the stall ( I build mine by
boarding from floor up about 2'/2 feet,
which makes a very convenient and easily-
cleaned manger), and fill it with only
bright, earlv-cut hay or clover rowen,
well cured and free from dust or smoke
caused by heating in the barn. Do not
expect the little fellow to clean this ration
all up before he has a fresh one, but let
him pick out what suits his taste; then

remove what remains and give him a
fresh supply. Hay should be kept before
him all the time. I have made it a prac¬
tice to take the chill from the drinking
water in cold weather. Do not keep him
hived up in the barn, but give him ever-
cise for a little while each day except in
stormy or exceedingly cold weather. Fur¬
ther, do not allow your colts to become
lousy (in fact any stock), for a little sul¬
phur scattered from the ears to the tail
will soon exterminate the pests. Dc not
think it too much trouble to take good
care of the colts— or other young stock—
for with little extra care and work you
will be well paid in seeing them grow into
sleek, handsome horses; also you will be
adding value. c. v. p., jr.

Claremont, N. H.

Cactus for Stock. — Many readers have
read about the cactus or prickly pear which
grows on the Great American Desert. This
cactus is protected by sharp, stout thorns,
which cut like a knife and remain painfully
in the wound. Cattle are sometimes seen
with these fearful thorns sticking in their
lips and tongue, which Indicates that in
their thirst or hunger they were willing even
to brave these weapons in order to secure
tlie cactus. No one could expect them to
furnish a Thanksgiving dinner for stock.
The Desert is well covered with them in
many places, and scientists and practical
cattle men alike believe that if the spines
could be removed the plant would offer faii-
lood for stock. Various plans were tried for
getting rid of the spines. The latest is
found in a bulletin issued by the Arizona
Station. It appears that a special burner
for singeing the cactus has been invented. It
uses- gasoline and gives a fierce heat and
flame. The operator carries the gasoline
tank on a strap titled over his shoulder.
The burner is supplied from this tank by
means of a tube and can be held out at
arm's length on the end of a rod. This
appliance is moved over the cactus, so that
the spines or teeth are singed off, (lie whole
thing being much like a gasoline torch of'en
used by plumbers. It was found that from
7,000 to 11,000 pounds of cactus forage can
be singed in one day at a cost of about
$2. In. The cattle ate the fodder greedily
after the spines weie burned off ; in fact
they devoured the plants down to the ground
at the -isk of destroying them, so that now
only half of the plant is singed at one time.
This leaves half uneaten and the other part
grows up again. The cactus plant contains
on an average over 75 per cent of water
and over six per cent of protein, which latter
is about half the amount found in a sample
of wheat bran. It would seem as though
Nature had placed this food before cattle
while in her most bountiful mood, and then
in a moment of caprice has put on t lie spines
to keep them away from it. This simple
operation of singeing provides a new and
excellent forage for range cattle.

Getting Rid of Ants. — Speaking of
getting rid of red ants, did you ever try
ground cloves sprinkled around t heir haunts?
Our folks are always on the lookout for the
pests, and on their first: appearance go for
the ground cloves. Nothing expensive about
it, and is fairly clean. j. n. j.

Pennsylvania.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

MILK TUBES*

Indorsed by leading veterinary
surgeons. Coin Silver50c. Set of four
$2. TeatOpener75c. Dilating Plug 25c.
Milk Fever outfit $3. Teat Slitter
i S 1 . 50 . Postpaid on receipt of price.
Full directions.

GEO. P. PILLING & SON, Philadelphia, Pa.,

Dr. Holland’s Medi¬
cated Stock Salt

has no rival as a Conditioner and
Worm Destroyer. A true remedy
for the ills of stock. Health, Thrift
and Rapid Growth are the results
of its use. Guaranteed to accom¬
plish what is claimed for it. Ten
(10) feeds for a cent.

THR HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, WELLINGTON. OHIO.
Write for Booklet. Ageuts Wuuteo

MONEY SAVED

BY BUYING THE BEST

Swing Cattle Tie

made. Thousands in use. Made to fit any stable.
Durable, convenient and cheap. Price and circular
on application. Write us to-day. Manufactured by

ROY BROTHERS, East Barnet, Vt.

cook: YOUR FEED and SAVI
Half the Cost— with the v

PROFIT FARM BOILEF

With Dumping Caldron. Empties it
kettle in one minute. The simples
and best arrangement for cookini
food for stock. Also make Dairy am

Laundry Stoves, Water and Stean
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal
drona, etc. *9" Send for circulars
D. II. SPERRY & OO., Batavia, HI

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM.

Largest importers in the world of Oldenburg German Coach,
Percheron and Belgian Stallions. At the Lewis and Clark Ex¬
position we won more prizes than any other importer and
established a record unbeaten by an exhibitor at any show.
With an exhibit of forty horses we won 71 prizes, including
two champions and two grand championships.

Last importation just arrived Oct. 21st, consisting of 71
head of high-class stallions.

J. CROUCH & SON,

Lafayette, IncL, Staunton, Va., and London, Ontario.

For Description and Prices of Our Stock Write Us.

SLOANS LINIMENT

For Your Family and Your Horse

The Best Antiseptic Known,,

TRY IT FOR

Rheumatism, Strains,
Sprains, Swellings
and Enlargements.

Price, 25c., 50c. and $1.00.

Dr. EARL S. SLOAN,

615 Albany St., Boston, Mass.

Remarkable “FreeTrial”and“On Time” Offer

Try the American Manure Spreader
30 Days FREE. Buy it on Time.

Let it Pay for Itself.

Wo have such unbounded faith in tho super¬
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the fairness and honesty of the renders of this
paper, that, wo are willing to ship any American
Spreader you may select from our nine styles,
prepaying freight, and let you use it on approval
test, thirty days froo. Then if you find after
you've triod it yourself, that it is all that we
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The “American" is tho Standard of all Spreaders in America today. It leads in Sales, in
Efficiency, in Durability and Lightness of Draft. Send for our liberal free trial and ‘‘on time”
selling plan. Get our Free Manure Handbook and Oatalogne. Then tell us which of our Spreaders,
to ship on approval test.

AMERICAN HARROW CO., 1619 Hastings St., DETROIT, MICH.

TU advance MANURE SPREADER

EASY TQ OPERATE

The construction is so simple ana durable that it never gives
any trouble The driver completely controls the feed from his
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wide tires. Can be turned iu its own length.

EASY TO LOAD

The wagon is built very low and can be loaded quickly and easily

EASY TO BUY

The enormous saving in time and labor, its superiority over
others, make it an investment that pays tor Itself in a short
time. The price is so reasonable that you can hardly afford to
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Advance Manure Spreader and giving prices.

CORTLAND IMPLEMENT CO., Cortland, N. Y.

Lowest Prices
Highest Quality
300 Sizes Tanks
Any size made to
order

2 Styles Cookers
2 Styles Hoaters

FEED

Cooker

Galvanized Steel Tanks
for stock Ac storage

A postal will bring Cat. of entire line
H. F. Freeland Sons Co., Box 5Q Sturgis, Mich.

CHAIN-IIANGING
7 t'TAV

CATTLE STi

The Most Practical •Y
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
s&le by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
ForestviUe. Conn.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

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$1 PACKAGE will

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Sent post paid on
receipt of price.

AGENTS WANTED

R

IEMEDY COMPANY
PITT SB II RUll PA,

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

847

RAW PHOSPHATE ROCK FOR
POULTRY MANURE.

B. B., Maryland. — Will some of your wise
fertilizer friends tell me what effect the use
of untreated ground rock as an absorbent for
my poultry manure will have on the com¬
mercial value to me (I use it all from 4,600
hens) of the manure? Land plaster makes
too much dust, and causes stoppage of the
nostrils, with the ensuing so-called colds, roup,
etc. We keep two Inches of dirt under roosts,
with about nve per cent land plaster and five
per cent ground phosphate rock. The houses
are cleaned daily, the manure being wheeled
to manure house, spread thin and covered
with kalnit, and as fast as it accumulates is
spread every week or two all the year around,
either as top-dressing or to be plowed in. I
want to know whether there is any better
way to get the value of this by-product from
my “egg foundry” into the gizzard of my
growing crops. I want to take two and two
and make seven of eight of available fer¬
tilizer, leaving two or three more for future
years.

I know of no better way of handling
poultry manure. Plaster is unnecessary
here as an amnionic absorbent. Dry
plaster will not absorb ammonia at all. It
is only when the manure and plaster are
wet that this absorption can take place.
But poultry manure is quite dry in itself,
and the dry earth into which it falls will,
1 think, be enough of an absorbent and
drier. The method of applying phos¬
phate rock to the land through the ma-

MY FRIEND AND I.

nure pile is a good one. I should not
look for any considerable increase in solu¬
bility of the phosphate by the treatment.
Whether your correspondent will reap im¬
mediate benefit from the phosphate rock is
•doubtful. Some who have tried it report
favorable results and others absolutely
;no effect. If he uses it with green ma-
mures, rye, clover, or the like, or with
•abundance of stable manure, he will be
more likely to see immediate effects than
under other conditions. Many of our Con¬
necticut soils at least are not strikingly
deficient in phosphate and applications of
soluble phosphates even on some of them
show very little effect. But to “stock up”
a soil which is strikingly deficient in phos¬
phates, T believe, finely ground phosphate
rock is an economical application.

[dr.] e. h. JENKINS.

Conn. Exp. Station.

The fact that, on a large majority of
soils, fertilizers carrying phosphorus pro¬
duce • a very marked effect seems to indi¬
cate that the ordinary manures of the
farm are relatively deficient in this sub¬
stance in an available form. For nine
years past at this station we have been
treating stable manure with “floats” (raw
phosphate), acid phosphate, kainit and
land plaster, with the result that while
the kainit and land plaster both slightly
increase the total effectiveness of the ma¬
nure, the phosphatic materials nearly
double that effectiveness, producing not
only a very much larger total increase, but
also a very much larger net increase, after
deducting the cost of the material. On

the basis of these experiments we arc now
using ground phosphate rock (floats) in
our stable regularly. Our tests show us
that on our soil, which is relatively defi¬
cient in lime, there would be objection to
the use of common acid phosphate. Wher¬
ever, therefore, the use of phosphatic fer¬
tilizers is indicated, the effectiveness of
the manures of the farm may undoubtedly
be greatly increased by the use of one or
the other of these materials, either in the
henhouse or stable, the material to be
selected depending upon the character of
the soil to which it is applied.

CHAS. E. THORNE.

Ohio Experiment Station.

R. N.-Y. — All readers may not know
what is meant by "Boats.” Phosphate
rock is found in different parts of the
country, supposed to be the fossil remains
of animals that died centuries ago. When
this rock is ground into a fine powder it
is called “floats” or raw phosphate. “Acid
phosphate” is this same raw powder “cut”
or mixed with sulphuric acid, which
breaks up the rock and makes the phos¬
phate soluble in water.

Finely ground phosphate rock could
absorb a certain amount of liquid ma¬
nure. It is possible that the hen manure
might have a slightly favorable action
upon the assimilability of the phosphate.
If the ground phosphate contained any
considerable amount of carbonate of lime,
as is sometimes the case, it would act in¬
juriously by virtue of liberating ammonia
from the hen manure. H. j. wheeler.

Rhode Island Exp. Station.

At the Maine Experiment Station ex¬
periments were made with a number of
different substances. Plaster left the ma¬
nure too dry and lumpy, while about one-
third of the ammonia was lost. The use
of sawdust with the plaster held most of
the ammonia. Kainit with sawdust add¬
ed, and also acid phosphate and sawdust
held practically all the ammonia. It
seems from these experiments that the
acid phosphate is better than the raw
ground rock as an absorbent, and that the
sawdust helps dry out the manure and
gives it a better condition. In this case
the night droppings from 180 hens for
three nights weighed 45 pounds, and car¬
ried 1J4 pound of nitrogen, four-fifths
of a pound of phosphoric acid and two-
fifths of potash. Thus both phosphate
and potash are needed to “balance” the
manure.

The Whole Thing in a Nutshell.”

200 Eggs
a Year
Per Hen.

How to Get Them.

The fifth edition of the book, “200 Eggs a Year
Per Hen." is now ready. Revised, enlarged, and
in part rewritten, 96 pages. Contains among other
things the method of feeding by which Mr. S. D.
Fox, of Wolfboro, N. H., won the prize of $100 in
gold offered by the manufacturers of a well-known
condition powder for the best egg record duringthe
wintermonths. Simple asa, b, c— and yet we guar¬
antee it to start hens to laying earlier and to induce Q
them to lay more eggs than any other method un¬
der die sun. The book also contains recipe for egg
food and tonic used by Mr. Fox, which brought
him i n one winter day 08 eggs from 72 hens, and for
five days in succession from the same fioefc 64 eggs
a day. Mr. E. F. Chamberlain of Wolfboro, N. If.,
says: "By following the methods outlined in your
book I obtained 1,490 eggs from 91 R. I. Reds in the
month of January, 1902." From 14 pullets picked
at random out of a farmer’s flock the author got
2,999 eggs in one year— an average of over 214 eggs
apiece. It lias been my ambition in writing "200
Eggs a Year Per Hen” to make it the standard
book on egg production and profits in poultry.
Tells all there is to know, and tells it in a plain,
common-sense way. Price, 50 cents, or with a
year’s subscription, 60 cents; or given as a
premium for four yearly subscriptions to
the American Poultry Advocate at 25
cents each.

Our paper is handsomely illustrated. 44 to 80
pages, 25 cents per year. Four months trial, 10
cents. SAMPLE FREE. CATALOGUE of poul¬
try books free.

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE,

64 Hogan Jilock, - Syracuse, N. Y.

Wire F ence 9Qf

48-in. stock fence per rod only “ * ^
Best high carbon coiled steel spring- wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

_ _ d by Millions of Mothers for their 1

children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <

_ ng

i It soothes the child, softens the
, all pain, cures wind colic, and
, remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

urns, allays <
is the best <

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Cood.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

V

Y

| HE. ATTENDS TO BUSINESS

who goes straight to work to cure

Hurts, Sprains, Bruises

by the use of

St. Jacobs Oil

• Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

and saves time, money and gets out of misery quickly.
It Acts Like Magic. Price, 25c. and. 50c.

?

Y

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Y

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Y

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Y
❖

Money Refunded

If the following Poultry Remedies fail to be exactly
as represented:

ROTJP CURE — Harding’s Successful Roup Cure Is
placed In drinking water and compels the low l to
take its own medicine. There is no getting away
from it. 50c. box will make 35 gat of medicine.
$1.00 box will make 100 gal. of medicine. Sure Cure.
Post paid at above price.

CHOLERA CURE— Hi rding’s Positive Cure bas
never failed yet. Also cures Diphtheria, Diarrhooa,
Gapes, etc. 25c. per box. By mail,40e.

EGG PRODUCER— Harding’s Egg Producer makes
Eggs in winter when they are high . One box equals
100 pounds fresh cut bone. 25c. per box. Express
charges to be addea.

LICE KILLER— There are all kinds of Lice Killers
but Harding’s Antiseptic Lice Killer leads them all.
It kills the lice. Not simply drives them away to
return again. 25c. per box. By mail. 40c. 60c. and
$1.00 sizes by express. Charges to be paid.

8CALY LEG CURE— Keep your birds In pink of
condition by using Harding’s Scaly Leg Cure. No
poultryman or exhibitor can afford to be without it.
25c. per box 35c. by mail.

Write for free catalogue’ ‘How to make Poultry
Pay.” GKO. L. HARDING, Manufacturer of
Uncle Sam Poultry Foods and Remedies, Box
409, Binghamton, N. Y., U. S. A.

WINTER POULTRY SCHOOL.

Rhode Islam! College of Agriculture and
Mechanic Arts,

Only 4 hi hours from New York. Enroll early.
Course begins January 2,11*06. For circulars address

Jr res. Iv. L. Butterfield, Kingston, R. 1.

LBROWm

• h -

jr/frl rPAYS THE
{VUjJ-LfRE tGHT 4

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE!

AllNo. 9 Steel Wire. W el . Oe! vanized. Weighs/
Yi more than most fences. 1 G to 85c per rod
delivered. We sell all kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence hook show¬
ing llOstyles. The Brown Fenoeand^
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio.,

OF COURSE

TROSTi
I BEST*

(cheapest

as an agont you want to sell the best, consequently,

secure the agency for the Frost, which without a doubt
is the best heavy weight fence on the market to-day
Write for catalogue.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland. Ohio.

PAGE QUALITY;

Begins In
our fur-

__ — n a o e s .

There's where the first tests aro
made. Quality of wire first, then
a practical weave. You get both
in Page Fence. Let us tell you
how Page-Wire is made, and now
it differ, from common fence wire.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 768. Adrian. Mloh.

5% Compounded

Assets

$1,750,000

Surplus and Profits

*150,000

for 10 years or more 1h greater than
0# simple. Interest oil inort-
gages, bonds, and most other invest¬
ments Is never compounded. Our
loans are made to home buyers who
pay us Interest and part of principal
each month, which Is in turn rein¬
vested, Wo are able to pay
Per Year on Having* accounts.
Warnings reckoned for every day your
money is with us. Compounded
semi-annually, or remitted by check
If preferred. Kstah. 1 £ years. Un¬
der New York Banking supervision.
Particulars and endorsements of
prominent clergymen, business and
professional men on request.

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

5 TIM KR BLI>O..BItOAI>WAY,SKW YORK.

White Holland Turkeys

HENS and TOMS not akin, #5 to #5 each. Eggs
in season. M. C. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, N. Y.

rn ri o A 1 IT MALE anti fe-

■ IV QRLb MALE ELK at

The Michigan Jchool for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

DAIipPn BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

Dal\l\i, l/, Rocks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each: $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County. Penna.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1,000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N. Y.

90

War s Poultry, Pigeons. Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book. 10c.
Rates free. J. A. BKRGKY,Box8,Telford,I’a,

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C.H.ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

VERY HEN’S A MINT

She'll coin a mint of money when she
can get the right kind of food. Cut
Alfalfa Hay is the green food the hen
needs to make eggs in the winter, when
eggs are like golden nuggets. It pays to
feed it. We sell everything the poultry -raiser
needs to make money. W rite for free catalog.
Horvcy Seed Co., 88 Ellleott 8t., Buffalo, N.Y.

IOOGOOOOOO

P 0 ULTRY Sc «

(POULTRY LINE— Fencing', Feed, Incu-
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything—
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
Jour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for thej
(asking — it's worth having.

(Excelsior Wire St Poultry Supply Co.,(

( Dep H. G . 26 & 28 Vesey Street,. New York City. <

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOQOOOOQOGi

JEVERY DAY

by feeding green bone, froeh out — rich in protein and
*U other egg elements, liens produce twlco tho eggs,
moro fertile, better hatches, heavior fowla, carlior
broilore, bigger profits.

MANN’S LATEST MODEL BONE CUTTER

Cuts all bone, moat and grletlo, Dover ologt . 10 BAYS
FREE TRIAL. No money In advanco. Return at our
expense if not eatiefied. Catl’g free.

F. W. Minn Co., Box 15, Milford, Mass.

PINELAND

INCUBATORS

HATCH GREATEST NUMBER
OF FINEST CHICKS.

BROODERS

HAVE NEVER BEEN EQUA LED

FIDELITY FOOD

FOR FOWLS AND CHICKS

Used everywhere by practical poultrymen and
specialists fanciers with unfailing success. Insures
perfect health and promotes rapid growth.

Concise Catalogue from

PINELAND INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.,
Pox D.D., Jamesburg, N. J., U. S. A.

(.80 For

12

INCUBATOR

200 Egg

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. It. STAHL, Quincy, III.

LIFE PRODUCERS

SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS.

LIFE PRESERVERS

SUCCESSFUL RRCOOERS.

'The only machines that rival the mother
_____ hen. Incubator and Poultry Catalogue
FREE. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding Small Chicks,
Ducks and Turkeys," 10c. 50c poultry paper one year, 10c.

DES MOINES INCUBATOR COMPANY,
Department 90 Dt* Molnea, Iowa.

Free Poultry Book

Complete catalogue and poultrymen ’s guide, 212
pages (8 x 11 inches) 600 illustrations. Describes

the^rnj Cyphers Incubators*

prlcefC. 60 and up, oml 40 Poultrymen ’it neceusitiea. Fre*
jfyousand addressee of two neighbors Interested in good
poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co.
Buffalo, Boston, t hieairo, New York, Hannas
City or San Francisco.

&

SQUABS

are raised in one month: . frj
bring big prices. Money

makers tor poultrymen,
farmers, women.

©Send for onr Free Book and learn thisffijfl*
rich industry. Correspondence invited '
Awl -Plymouth Hock Squab Co., w-:7 A* > ,
-^335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.Utf '

ROSE Comb B. Leghorns exclusively; pure bred
cockerels at reasonable prices, thrifty and farm
range. I. 0. HAWKINS, Chester, N. Y.

Choice Stock for Sale.— Hocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

WDIRUT’Q WH1TE WYANDOTTE Choice
VTniUni 0 Cockerels. Dnston Strain. $1.25each.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS,

Breeder of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff & White
Rocks, R. C. and S. C. W.,B, and Buff Leghorns; VV.
and B. Minorcas; Golden, Silver, Buff and' W. Wyan¬
dottes; R. C. and S.O. Blue Andalusians, Ham burgs,
Anconas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna.

R

MET.

EGISTERED ANGORA GOATS— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.

BLROSE STOCK FARM , Cincinnati

cinnatus, N. Y.

iCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
leiglit mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa,

5,000 PICK RETS. These animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits.
Prices and Circular FREE.

Samuel Farnsworth, Middletown, O.

848

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 25,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

Rose, Frau Karl Druschki. — Of the
making of new roses, as of books, “there
is no end,” Hundreds of new varieties
are sent out each year by home and for¬
eign raisers. An almost incredible num¬
ber of varieties have been cultivated and
named since the rose first found its way
into the ornamental garden. Of a list of
1,000 named sorts, compiled in 1835, grown
and highly appreciated at the time, scarce¬
ly one is in cultivation to-day. Varieties
of exquisite finish and great beauty are
constantly produced, but only the merest
fraction of the number find a permanent
place in cultivation. The overwhelming
defect of most new roses is lack of suffi¬
cient vigor in plant to endure the strain of
commercial propagation and the mishaps of
amateur cultivation. New kinds of super¬
lative all-’round merit, however, are pro¬
duced at uncertain intervals. Thus with¬
in the last 15 years such generally success¬
ful garden varieties as Clothilde Soupert,
blush white; Gruss an Teplitz, crimson
scarlet; Mme. Caroline Testout, bright
pink, as well as Crimson and Philadelphia
Ramblers, deep crimson, have been intro¬
duced. The beautiful cream white Kai-
serin Augusta Victoria should perhaps be
included in the number, but that it is be¬
ing superseded by the lovely pure white
hardy rose, Frau Karl Druschki, raised by
a German grower, and first sent out under
the name of Schneekcenigen (Snow
Queen), which was found properly to be¬
long to an older and forgotten variety.
Frau Karl Druschki is said to be a seed¬
ling of Merveille de Lyon, formerly the
finest and most reliable of white hardy
roses, and is much freer in bloom as well
as far more perfect in bud and (lower than
its parent. It appears to succeed wherever
Remontant or Hybrid Perpetual roses can
be grown, and does not exact special care,
though liberal culture will always be re¬
warded by greater profusion and higher
finish in the blooms. Fig. 308, page 841,
from an English photograph, fairly repre¬
sents ordinary blooms of Frau Karl Dru¬
schki, such as can be grown in any garden
where the requirements of choice roses are
looked after. There is little fragrance in
these beautiful flowers, but they are other¬
wise perfect in every way. The plant is
a strong and free grower, with dark,
healthy foliage. It should have deep, rich
and well-drained soil, and be at all times
exposed to full sunlight. Any rose worth
growing would appreciate similar treat¬
ment, but white varieties appear to need
more light for the perfect development of
their buds than those of darker shades.
We have grown Frau Karl Druschki three
years, and have been rewarded with more

I have planted and raised a pole bean — the
name of which I do not know — but which is
used as a string bean, with a long, flat and
yellow pod, very much like the Golden Wax.
I gathered some of the ripe beans last Fall
and planted 25 hills of them last Spring.
The first planting did not grow ; and having
plenty of seed, I replanted with success.
At the time of the first planting, I also
planted 25 hills of Lima beans which I
bought at a seed store. These came up
promptly and grew well. When the beans
formed upon the vines, the Lima l)ean vines
produced the other kind of beans ; and of
the 25 hills of Lima beans, there are no
Lima beans growing. There are two hills of
Lima beans only, and they are where the
other kind was planted. Can you explain this?

Instances of wholesale reversion of a
given variety of garden vegetable, propa¬
gated by seeds, to another and quite dis¬
tinct form, though rare, are not wanting.
This transmutation or reversion to a more
primitive type has been observed in toma¬
toes, celery, turnips, cabbages and other
vegetables, as well as beans, though the
instances are not all so plainly marked as
this reversion of yellow-podded or Golden
Wax bush beans to plants bearing ordi¬
nary round green pods. Garden bush
beans are dwarf-growing forms of Pliase-
olus vulgaris, which in its natural state is
a tall climber with round green pods.
Centuries of cultivation, with attendant se¬
lection of desirable departures from the
type, and frequent cross-breeding of re¬
sulting varieties, has produced an endless
number of variations, of which the mod¬
ern dwarf wax-podded beans are extreme
examples. There seems to be a cycle of
change or mutation in plant species and
varieties, too obscure to be formulated by
present observers, but now recognized by
our foremost plant physiologists, by which
a variety or departure from the original
type tends, under certain little-known con¬
ditions, to jump back toward some ances¬
tral form. The green-podded bush bean
is, of course, a step in the way of the de¬
velopment of a wax or yellow-pod dwarf
bean from a green-podded pole bean.
Why your beans stopped at that precise
point in their effort at reversion, and why
they made a wholesale instead of an indi¬
vidual break toward a primitive form,
cannot be satisfactorily answered. The
garden bean is notoriously unstable, on
account of its many generations of selec¬
tions, and seed growers have no end of
trouble in keeping their strains pure.

The Lima bean puzzle is still more hope¬
less. The yellow, fiat-podded pole bean
you have been growing is probably one of
the countless variations of the European
Phaseolus vulgaris, but the Lima bean be¬
longs to a very distinct species, P. lunatus,
of South America. It seems impossible
that one botanical species could be thus
transmuted to another. This appears to
be a case of double planting, where the
unexpected variety came up. Specific dis¬
tinctions, as distinguished by botanists,
are not infallible, as plant-breeding ex¬
periments constantly show, but the Lima
and common pole beans would seem struc¬
turally too far apart to have had a com¬
mon origin. Varieties within the bounds
of a given species may imitate each other,
but true species do not blend or inter¬
change their characters except by actual
cross-pollenization, which does not seem
probable in this instance.

good blooms in the garden and under glass
than from three times the number of
plants of other large-flowered white kinds,
such as Kaiserin, Mabel Morrison, Mar¬
garet Dickson or Merveille de Lyon. It
succeeds in all European rose-growing
countries as well as our own, and appears
destined to be a general favorite. Like all
free-blooming hardy roses it should be
closely pruned in Spring and more lightly
in midsummer. Summer blooms at times
are small and scanty, but the buds devel¬
oped in Autumn are often surprisingly
fine.

A Poser. — W. F., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.,
has had some extraordinary experiences in
growing beans, and comes to The R. N.-Y.
for an explanation :

I have a remarkable fact in bean culture,
which I would like to have you explain.
For several years I have grown the Golden
Wax hush beans in my gat-'den. and no others.
Every Rummer some of these beans ripen,
and I gather and preserve them for the next
year’s planting. This 7 did last year, and
the beans so gathered I planted last Spring,
making three plantings, with about two
weeks between each planting. Instead of
Golden Wax beans, those produced were
with round green pods. T have never grown
that kind of beans in my garden. Gan you
explain that marvel? Again — for a few years

Asparagus in Good Shape. — Aspara¬
gus has had another favorable growing
season, and goes to its Winter rest in
excellent condition. The abundant Au¬
gust rains were very helpful in keeping
the plants in vigorous growth, and wash¬
ing off rust spores before they could gain
a foothold. Few stalks were checked by
rust until the September drought, and
probably 75 per cent of our plants re¬
mained green until hard November frosts.
Little effort is made to fight this pest by
fungicides, but local growers depend on
extra culture, high feeding and a short¬
ened cutting season. The crop was rather
small last Spring, owing to cold, unfa¬
vorable weather, but this, of course, was
an advantage to the plants. Practically
only Argenteuil and Palmetto varieties
are now planted. It is generally believed
they are far more resistant to rust than
other kinds, though not by any means im¬
mune. Possibly we are getting help from
some of the parasites that live on the
rust spores, but the general impression is
that the brightened prospects are due to
better treatment, less severe cutting and
the selection of resistant varieties, coupled
with rainy growing seasons. Asparagus
rust spreads with greatest rapidity and is
most destructive in dry seasons, accom¬
panied with morning fogs and long-lying
dews. With still moisture of this kind
the spores are able to germinate and en¬
ter the tissues of the plants, but frequent
rains appear to wash them off before they
are well established. w. v. F.

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MIXED PAINTS

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It is business economy to have the latest and best
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the United States, for their own use. We sell
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40-page Supplement showing all subsequent changes.

Paper hound, S2.00; Cloth, $>2.50

J. B, LYON COMPANY, Albany, New York.

MR. TRAPPER

remember I prime skin is worth dozen unprime ones
Don't ship me unprime skins and expect good prices,
you won't get them if you do. Hut if you have nice
prime skins no one on this earth can or will pay you
more than Skunky Jim. Don't forget that. Men¬
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JAS. P. ELLIS,

Est. 1X99. Stony Ford, Orange Co., N. Y.

30% More Good

from feed if you grind it. Proven
over and over. Get a mill that kists,
the mill with a reputation. Take 10
days and try the famous ball bearing

Quaker
City

Grinding Mill

Fio charge if returned. The leader for 39
years. One hopper for ear corn, another
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grinding for power used than any other.
Eight sizes, 1 to 20 h. p. Reduced in price
this year. Freight paid everywhere.
Send for free 39th Annual Catalog.

TheA.W.StraubCo.

8787 Filbert St., Phllada., Pa.
4 7-498. Canal St. , Chicago, Ill.

A

Lower

Price.

Far less than any other mill of standard make.
The difference is clear gain. There is not now
and never has been any superior to the standard

NEW HOLLAND

FEED MILL.

Noted for fast grinding, easy running, dura¬
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small grain feed mixtures, coarse or fine, table
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with or without elevator or bagger. Let us send
you one on free trial. No obligation to buy and
no expense if you don’t like it. Cataloe free.

Write /or booklet on our fast cutting Wood
Saws, the best made.

New Holland Mch. Co.,

Box 1 1 5. New Holland, Pa.

MANLOVE SELF OPENING GATE.

ALWAYS IN ORDER.

This gate can he placed at any driveway entrance,
attached to ordinary posts and soon p ays for itself in
time saved, It is opened nr closed without assistance
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The machinery is all above ground and so simple
that it never gets out of order.

It adds to the beauty, value, safety and convenience
of any home. Write for our booklet.

Maulovo Gate Co., 272 E. Huron St., Chicago, Ill.

FARMERS

HANDY
WAGON

low steel wheels, wide tires, make
loading and handling easier. We fur¬
nish Steel Wheels to litany axle, to
carry any load. Straight or staggered
spokes. Catalogue free.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
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Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
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anywhere. Write us.

HAVAHA METALWHEEL CO.

BOX II HAVANA. ILL.

ICE

CUTTING

Hade
In Throe
bixex.

with

DOR8CH All Steel, Double-
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Does the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays for itself IP
Wo days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

dfohnDorsoh&Soiik, 226 Wells St..Milwuukee.WU.

THK CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

L Cuts a track .r> feet wide, 1
/ foot deep. Connects sub-
> soil water. Can plow a
r newly cut forest, stump,
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CLAltK’S lfbl. ACTIOS
CUT A WAT Moves 18,000
A Tons of Earth in a Day,
IB Send for Circulars.

vHIGGANUM, conn., u.s.a.

Make Your Own Fertilizer

at Small Cost with

’s Phosphate Mills

From 1 to 40 II. P. Also Hone Cut¬
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trymen: Farm Feed .Mills, lira-
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Shell Mills. Send for catalogue.
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l>ept. 1>, Fasten, Pa.

Largest and Bist Lintern with _
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you and chose at home, and make pictures so
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snows, to which all the boys and girls \vi
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sold return our S 2.50 „.,d -arc. -c _

lantern ana OU large many-col
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Write for Catalogue of
Karines, Boilers, Saw
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Farquhar engines and boilers are built for
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IMS,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

849

Hope Farm Notes

Enjoying Things. — The following note
from one of our Michigan readers is a good
Thanksgiving sentiment :

“1 am what young people would call an
old lady, nearly 04 years of age. But I
enjoy good, useful and pleasant things of
life just as well as 1 ever did. and think
I appreciate them more than I did years
ago. The Ruby Queen and Crimson Rambler
rose bushes have done well for me; the Ram¬
bler was indeed very beautiful this past sea¬
son. and we enjoyed it very much. I think
it the finest premium I ever saw offered
with a paper.”

There is the point exactly. Experience has
not taken enjoyment away, but has given a
higher sense of appreciation. The young can¬
not appreciate what tilings really mean in
the way of self denial and work, and it is
doubtful if t hey are ever truly thankful,
because true thankfulness involves a knowl¬
edge of danger and toil. As for those roses,
there will be a little more cheerfulness in
every farm home this year where one of
the-' bushes climbs on the house. Ours has
made a good growth, and it stands at the
southeast corner of the house, with thorns
for those who would tear it down and flowers
for those who encourage it.

Beauty and Bob. — All the Hope Farmers
are reasonably thankful this year, if I may
except Bob. Ills unhappiness is largely on
account of Beauty.. Now a man is quite dif¬
ferent from a horse. Ask a man to go out
walking witli a young and beautiful woman
and he would hop at the chance, and put not
only his best foot forward, but every foot he
hud. if he had a corn or a stiff foot he
would never let (lie public know it. All this
is different with Bob. lie lias been selected
as a good, steady horse to drive double with
Beauty. Her highest ambition is to “go"
and get away from a train or an auto, while
Bob’s ambition is to stay and reflect about
tilings. When Bob sees his beautiful partner
coming out with the harness on lie groans
inwardly. He is a steady horse, but lie
doesn’t like to lie steady company for a bunch
of nerves. lie might get along witli an older
lady like Nellie, and he could shamble on in
good shape with old Major, but Beauty is
too much for him. Site trots him off his
feet, and he knows that Nature never built
him for speed in the first place, and then
never gave him any ambition in that direc¬
tion. Unlike our Michigan friend. Bob
doesn't enjoy this sort of a “good tiling.” and
certainly doesn’t appreciate Beauty’s society
in the harness, it is. in a way. a pathetic
tiling to see this stiff little horse trying to
keep iij) with the lively little mare. It hurts
ill's feelings in three different ways to be
obliged to gallop while she trots smoothly
along at less than half her speed. However.
Hob is more of a philosopher than Jerry.
When that old fellow found that Madge was
too lively for him he began to nip and hi te
whenever lie could get his teetli near her.
Bob cannot be said to lie any more thankful,
but lie says little and does no fighting — not
a bad example for humans who find them¬
selves too fast or too slow for the harness
partner. Under such circumstances it pays
“to say nothing but saw wood.” This helps
the throat and keeps the fire going.

Cheerfulness. — I have met all sorts of
people in my time, and I am sorry to say
that a fair proportion of them complain
and growl about their condition in life.
Some of these people have good homes and
relatives or friends who do their best to care
for them. Still they growl, magnifying the
unfortunate tilings and never seeing the
blessings that lie all around them. Most
of them are more or less idle, and I fear that
some of them will come to Thanksgiving
with anything but a thankful heart. Now,
experience lias taught me that there isn’t
much use in reasoning with such people or
scolding them. The best treatment I can
think of is to arouse the sense of shame in
their hearts, and make them see how others
are enduring worse troubles than theirs in
silence. I often wish it were possible for me
to print extracts from confidential letters, or
tell things I have seen about brave struggles
that men and women are making for a home.
Cases have come to me where what would
have been heart-breaking tragedies have been
softened and made into blessed things by pa¬
tient love and devotion. I know of two
women who live alone on a little place that
they may have a home. When money runs
short or crops fail one of them goes out for
the Winter at cooking or any other honor¬
able employment in order to keep the home
going. In a recent letter this woman says:

“It really would be a pleasure to give our
experience of farming in our small way
should it be really of benefit to even one
person, but there has been nothing but hard
knocks and privations spelled in capitals.
But there was also the hand of the Lord,
which led us and is helping us over the hard
places.”

I know another woman who was left with
a farm, a mortgage and a large family of
small children, so combined that the average
man would have run away from the combina¬
tion or committed suicide. This woman did
neither, but patiently and cheerfully set her
face to the future and. largely by her own
labor, paid the mortgage and raised her chil¬

dren, so that they are good citizens. I have
a dozen cases at the point of my pen where
men and women have faced great trials and
unhappiness, and witli cheerfulness braved
them down. Thanksgiving will mean much
to them. I wish I had turkeys enough to
give every one of them a fat bird. For my
part I would far rather join their ranks and
do their work than doubt and moan with
those who have never tried to do their best.
When I was a boy the woman who brought
me up would now and then stand me in the
corner, point a long finger at me, and sol¬
emnly ask : “Are you doing right t” I am
not prepared to say that this laid the founda¬
tion of character, but it helped. I wish some
power which could represent the possibilities
that Aunt Mary Ann did to me in those days
could continually point a linger at these weak
complainers and keep this statement fingered
into them :

“There are many worse off than you!”

Of course when this is read some will
say, “This man may talk about .cheerfulness,
but let liiin have the nip of misfortune that
I have had, and lie would out-howl us !”
Strange, isn't it, but that is just what I have
been thinking about others. If I haven’t
had my share of knocks I have made a mis¬
take in tiie count !

Farm and Home. — We are stocking up with
forest leaves, it is slow business, and takes
a long time to get a ton. and where other
work was pressing the labor might not pay.
These leaves are good for bedding and for
the poultry, and there is good sense in letting
Hie forest take care of the cleared ground.
As for gathering them, we are told that we
do not work right. There is a road through
the woods into which the leaves have drifted
We clean this first, so as to hold back any
lire in the woods. The leaves are raked
and stuffed into bags. This is an easy way
to carry them, but a slow way to load. A
bag of leaves will make a liorse forget that
the sad season has come. . . . If a man

thinks all this talk about the San Josd
scale is nonsense he should take a lot of
fro to our local markets. On his way he
will pass a good many orchards — all of them
showing dead and dying trees. When he gets
to market lie will find small fruit, well
pitted with scale marks, and a price out of
sight. Seymour sorted over our Greenings
and threw out a lot of small ones for hog
feed. When he got to market he found that
such fruit would bring 25 cents a small
basket — and the hogs will have less apple
pie. I teel a little doubtful about working

WHO’S COMING?

people into the Apple Consumers’ League
when I see the prices they must pay for
fruit. It looks like $3.50 and $4 per barrel
for our best apples. The local supply is
very noor and very short, and one can easily
see how it pays to make a tight for the
trees. Surely the scale has given us the
opportunity of a lifetime. Are we large
enough for it? . . . We have gone over
most of the larger trees with “Scalecide”
and kerosene and resin. The trees look as
if they had been varnished. Will they kill
the scale? I shall not know fully until
next year. I have confidence in these soluble
oils, but if the scale could be killed by con¬
fidence alone there wouldn't be one left in
the country. ... It is time to move the
mulch away from the trees and mound them
tip for Winter. We have already found a
few mice at work on the peach trees. Under
the mulch we find the soil open and mellow.
Tramp it down hard before mounding up the
tree. . . . We are coming nearer to the

shorter days of the year. These days seem
too short for our folks to finish all the work
that comes to hand. We shall all be thank¬
ful that we can work this year. An evening
before the open fireplace is a luxury which
every farmer ought to enjoy. With father
and mother at the center of the circle and
the others flanking them and the fire snapping
and flaring, we may surely feel that home
is worth working and saving for. We haven’t
much use for what t lie town lias to offer at
such times. . . . The election? Why

yes — the Hope Farm man Is to stay at home,
and this fact will cast no shadow on Thanks¬
giving Day. i srol IS votes among my neigh¬
bors, which is called a good showing. There
are 25 on our road ! No man can beat that for
a gain in percentage, for the last time I ran
I had two votes ! A gain of 800 per cent
isn't so bad. but I learned long ago that this
per cent business isn’t worth a cent in the
final show-down. Our New Jersey ballot law
makes it very hard to vote an ’independent
ticket. In some districts voting machines
are used, but not I think with much satis¬
faction. In most of our county voters must
stick a paster over some other name on the
ticket and most people will not do this.
Tiie names on the ticket are crowded so
close together that tiie paster is not popular.
Give us the Australian ballot and a good
primary election law, and Independents will
do better. As for election expenses, I do not
hesitate to sav that I spent 14 cents for
postage. 25 cents for a supper and five cents
for carfare. . Tax paying time comes with
Thanksgiving. What is there in that to h«
cheerful about? Why — that's easy — the

taxes might be higher. ... By the way
we must not forget to lie thankful that the
Alfalfa looks so well. It goes into Winter
quarters a good deal more than half a suc¬
cess It was the careful soil preparation
heavy manuring and liming and use of in¬
oculated soil that did it. Which are we
thankful for? Ail three! h. w. c.

THE TEST OF TIME - FORTY YEARS SERVICE

9

Tkc.J&^e^, <ZcZr-

u.

+t*AS

ay

Forty years is a long time, isn’t it; and
it is exceedingly gratifying to me to re¬
ceive such a commendation as the above,
it speaks volumes for the JONES Scale. It
is a testimonial of its durability and ac¬
curacy. Only the best of material and most
skilled workmanship could justify such a
testimonial and the fact that the brother
orders a JONES Scale shows that the price
is satisfactory. Will you please let us cor¬
respond with you with the hope that 40
years from now you will be able to give
our successors as good a testimonial?

address

Jones of Binghamton, N Y

Box 33 IF JONES HE PAYS THE FREIGHT.

20th Century Wagon Box and RacK

Contains 170 ft. of clear, well-seasoned lumber, 200 bolts, and 75 pounds of best Malleable Castings
and other irons, painted two coats with best wagon paint. Honestly made and better
than you expect. Can haul ear corn, potatoes, bulk grain, hay, straw, or live stock. Sold

direct to the
farmer. Your
money back if
not satisfied.
Write for free
Catalogue.

MODEL MFC. COMPANY,
Box 289, Muncie, Indiana.

30 DAYS TRIAL
BOLSTER SPRINGS

FREE

We want the name of everyone who can use Harvey
X“XX Bolster Springs. To get these quickly and advertise
the Springs we make a special introductory offer.

Fifteen years hard usage over all kinds of roads in
every state of the Union have proven Harvey XXX Bolster
Springs a profitable investment and the best spring on
the market. Relieves the jolt, jar and noise of a farm
wagon, saves damage and shrinkage of fruit, vegetables,
eggs, livestock, grain, etc. Wagon rides easier, wears
longer. No spring wagon needed with Harvey XXX Bolster Springs on the farm wagon. Over 150,000 in sat¬
isfactory use. The shrinkage on one load of hogs, vegetables, fruit or other produce hauled without springs is
more than cost of Harvey Springs. To convince you we offer set on 30 days trial FRKK. If not as represented and
perfectly satisfactory return them at our expense. Surely if they were not all right we could not make this
offer. Drop us a card staling wagon capacity and length of bolster between stakes.

On 1 rlul. You can’t lose on this proposition.

Thoroughly

Hardwood r

HiqbiyTemptred ^ Spring Steel Springs^
All Springs Are Carefully Tested Before Shipping

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

We will send you a set

HARVEY SPRING CO., 103S. Carver A ve., Racine, IVls.

CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP & CALVES

DUNNING & STEVENS, Salesmen.

Room 1, Live Stock Exchange, East Buffalo, N. Y. Established 1877.

Financial Rosponsitoility 3*200,000.

Bill Stock in your own name, our care, notify us; we’ll do the rest. Orders for the
purchase of stock cattle aLd sheep promptly executed.

One Operation

is all it takes to break, crush and
grind, either fine or coarse, all
grains tor all feed purposes,
when you use the

KELLY

DUPLEX

GRINDING MILLS.

They are the fastest, easiest run-

_ _ ning and strongest mills made;

viC i' » New double cutters; force feed;
•ver choke. Four si7es. Especially adapted for gasoline engines.
ic 25 percent less power than any others.

IE 0. S. KFLLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,

Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft,liglit,odorless and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tugs and
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

Wo also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes Prices given in
catalog. Wo buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list. 1 _ . -

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY.

116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

YOUR IDEAS

$100,000 offered for orve In¬
dention; $8,500 for another.
Book “How to Obtain a Patent” and
“What to Invent” sent free. Send
rough sketch for free report as to
patentability. We advertise your
patent for sale at our expense.
Chandlee 4 Chandlee, Patent Attorneys.
979 F. Street, Washington. D. C.

Glimax Carrier.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
?'*° °r bi“ t0 manger, carries manure from all
.cablings to same pile or dumps on wagon. Easy

LV'',«i5itrunmnK’ I>08itiyo dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wiikinson Co.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

85o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 23,

Live Stock and Dairy

CARE OF BROOD SOW IN WINTER.

For early Spring pigs, select a well-
grown sow pig, preferably eight or more
months old. if you are just starting to
raise porkers. Otherwise I assume you
have your best and most prolific sows on
hand. See that she has at least 12 teats.
She should be hearty and vigorous, as a
shy feeder is a poor animal to breed from.
Much is said as to mating a rather coarse
sow with a boar finer in appearance. I
believe in mating the best individuals, and
certainly would not discard a sow because
she showed plenty of quality. After mat¬
ing, the sow should have more nitrogen¬
ous ration than the fattening hogs. A
few roots, or even silage will add bulk
and variety to the feed. Many breeders
give a wisp of clover hay daily, and it
is surprising how much of this a hog will
eat. Keep her in good condition, but

warm at first, and gradually cooling until
the liquid comes from the swill barrel, as
for the other hogs.

When the pigs are about three weeks
old, we throw a handful or so of shelled
com in the pen, and vary this with whole
oats. A shallow trough in the pen saves
them hurting themselves by straining to
reach the sow’s mess. We wean when
the pigs are about six weeks, taking the
sow away, and putting her back an hour
or two a day if her udder swells. Cut
down her ration, and feed dry; she will
soon dry up. She will be ready to breed
again in a few days, for a Fall litter.
March is the best month to have Spring
pigs born; they command a quick and
ready sale at good prices at weaning time,
and there is less risk from chilling, etc.,
than with pigs coming in earlier months.
In conclusion, breed only from the best

A PAIR OF YOUNG BERKSHIRE SOWS. See Page 844.

not over fat. About 14 weeks after mat¬
ing, shift her to the farrowing pen which
should be roomy, dry, and warm. This
pen should be provided with a railing or
fender around the sides. A 2 x 6 scant¬
ling spiked securely to fixed blocks six
inches high makes a good railing and
may save a good pig from being lain on.

individuals and from prolific strains; feed
carefully and well; keep dry and clean,
and there is little risk with early pigs.
No part of farm work is as interesting as
pig-raising, when things go right, and few
tilings pay better for the capital invested.

New York. henry truckell.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS.

You can buy registered Hoi- A P A
steins at Star Farm $25 to ’Ik I
$50 per head less than else- w W
where. Isn’t that worth saving?

4n p The milk of the entire herd / 0 n P
H1 Vi has averaged over 4 p. ^ |h bi

Butter Fat for the year 1905. Isn’t that just as
important as prices ?

266 Head to select from 266

Circulars sent free on application.

HORACE L. BRONSON,

Department D, Cortland, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make roon.
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices or
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCBEST FARM, Rifton, Ulster C0..H.Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If tbese aro the kind you w ant write or come to see
them. Iz5 to select from. Animals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please youT
A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanio. N. J

CHESTER WHITES AND CHESHIRES.

Choice young boars and sows bred from mature
prize winning stock. ED. S. HILL, Freeville, N. Y.

Berkshire pigs $5 up, pairs not related. 9 Shropshire
u ewes cheap. W. H. turkeys, B. Orpington cockerels.
B.R. liens and cockerels, collie pups. Bothers, Lack.Pa.

Breeders’ Directory

HOLSTEIN BULLS

FOR SALE ready for service; also BULL CALVES
from 80 pound cows with ordinary feed and care.
None of our cows are fed for 7 or 30 days test. Wm. B.
Clark, Mngr.,“ Long Meadows,” Baldwinsville, N. Y.

SHIIjXj FA-RM

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us Quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL. Bough quag, N. Y.

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

PREMIER SIRE

Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol, Jr., 35135

The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.
BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs,
RIVEN BURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir1 Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire’s datn have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Semi postal card for 64-page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

P. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES Eng. bacon

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

OA PIGS, August and September farrow,
1 li Ui also mature sows. Bred and registered ;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. W1TMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

50 LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 50

50 Spring, Summer and Fall Pigs from mature sire andi
dams, representing the best English and American
breeding, pairs and trios not akin. All ped. animals at
reasonable prices. Richard H. Stone, Trumansburg, NY

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Plmrsalia, N. Yr.

Reg. P. Chinas, Bcrhshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, muted not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins, "Heifers, Bulls and Cows

inCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Matings not akin.
Write for price and particulars.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA ’Slitter of Pigs by Grand
Premier. 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, atN. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

lias tor sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

S. E

„ YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL
best dairy stock; ready for service: at farmer’s price
H. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pc

SHROPRHl^K ^Tr> EWES,

1HAH. &?£&. X. V,

SHROPSHIRE RAMS, gOLSZL,

Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS. R, F, D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

from Registered, and Record stock. ALFALFA
tM>iL trom lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
nve years. I rices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

DEG. SHROPSHIRES and O. I. C. SWINE of all
ages; botli sexes, from the right place,

CEDAR LAWN FARM, Lndtowville, N. Y.

KENTUCKY JACKS

AND STAUJO'trS.

One hundred head of

Jacks, Jeiwiets, Saddle
and Trotting States.

for sale reasoixffde,

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, LexingtJn, Ky.
Branch barn, Marion, Kansas.

If you aregoing TPT V* “W- HTIi'ii'1T*TVT' BULL, and will write us

to buy a -Jd — lA- JJ J J _JL 1 " I JL J- ni just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you thaj we have hign-ciass
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brotliers-Has tings Company,

BKOOKSIDE JIEKI). Laeona, Oswego Co. , N. Y.

The little fellows learn to snuggle under
tliese fenders and keep out of danger.
Some breeders advocate bedding heavily,
claiming the sow will lie away from the
pigs, and not make a nest, as when she
is scrimped for bedding. However, we
always bed sparingly with chaff or the
sweepings from the hay barn. We keep
the pen dry and clean. A damp pen is
responsible for many losses.

It is advisable to watch a young sow
with her first litter, and be on hand to
render assistance, if needed. If a sow
has successfully raised one litter, we let
nature take its course. A covered pail
of hot ashes will elevate the temperature
of a hogpen on a bitter February or
March night. After the little pigs have
sucked once, they seldom get chilled.
Feed sparingly for the first three days,
then gradually increase to the capacity of
the sow, if the litter is large. Good milk¬
ing sows will lose flesh in spite of good
feeding, but how the little fellows will
grow ! Thumps and kindred troubles need
not be feared if the pigs can get plenty
of exercise. Many good pens have a place
for the pigs to get out and run around in
the alley. They have lots of fun, and it
is good for them. We feed two parts
bran, two parts middlings and one part
cornmeal mixed with skim-milk, dish
water, or even teakettle broth, feeding

Jig.*

Wo will pay you $500 in cash if this engraving is not a correct reproduction of the photograph of
this hog as 6ent us by Mr. Wright, said photograph being on file in our office for inspection.

LARGEST HOG IN THE WEST

Union, Oregon.

International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Gentlemen: — I enclose photograph of a hog that is owned
by one of my customers. This hog has been fed "International
Stock Food” and now weighs over 1100 pounds and is still growing.
This is a big living advertisment for "International Stock Food”
in this part of the country. Yours truly, L. A. WRIGHT.

I*’- w. Have Thoo.ands Of Teat inmnlala On Kile In Oar Office And Will Pay You 91000 Cash
If They Were Not Written To Us by Practical Farmers and Stockbreeders.

$1000. a CASH PREMIUMS

FOR MEN, WOMEN, GIRLS AND BOYS
WflO USE

"INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD”

For Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Colts, Calves,
Lambs, or Pigs. You have as good a chance as
anyone in earning one or more of these spot cash
premiums and you may receive several hundred
dollars without one cent of extra cost to you.
These 24 Cash Premiums are absolutely free
for our friends and customers who are feeding
"International Stock Food”.

If you have not received our complete list of these 24
premiums we will mail you one if you write to our office
and request it. The smallest premium is $25.00 cash and
the largest is $125.00 cash.

Dan Patch 1:55? COLORED Lithograph ABSOLUTELY free

This Splendid Picture is a Reproduction of a Photograph which was taken by
our own artist. It is 18x24 and in Six Brilliant Colors. It is as life like as
if yoa saw Dan coming down tho track and shows him pacing a 1 .55 K clip
with every foot off of the ground. Every Farmer and Stockman should
have a picture of the Fastest harness horse that has ever appeared on earth.
Danis in better shape than ever this year. In his first public appear¬
ance in 1905 he paced a mile in 1:59)£ at the Minnesota State Fair and ho
followed this up in four days with a mile in 1 :57?£, with the last quarter
in :27^ seconds, which i s a 1 :50 gait. On Saturday, October 7, at Lexing¬
ton, Ky ., Dan Patch again startled the world by lowering his own World's
record from 1: 56 to 1 U>5^. Dan has been eating “International Stock
Food" every day for three years and it has given him better digestion
and assimilation and more strength, endurance and speed. He was not a
champion when we bought him but has broken nine world records since
that time.

|yDAN PATCH 1:65 K IS OWNED BY INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOODCO.

THIS BEALTIFJUL PICTURE MAILED FREE PREPAID IF YOU WRITE US

lit.— HOW MI CH STOCK OK AM. KINDS DO YOU OWN?

2nd _ NAME PAPER IN WHICH YOU SAW THIS OFFER.

MINNEAPOLIS
A.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD C0.,fiSKEE

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

HOMELY FACTS ABOUT DAIRYING.

Profit in butter making depends on two
things, good care and growing our feed,
for there is not a hundred pounds of but¬
ter in a ton of bran or cornmeal, as there
must be at present prices to get back their
cost. Therefore we must grow clover
hay, oats, corn, rye or wheat ; have them
ground, sell the Hour and feed the bran ;
also grow carrots. Turn the corn crop
into silage (sweet), except such as is
needed for the additional grain feed,
grind that in the car with oats, and that
by a good farm mill, to save the miller's
toll.

Carrots have an assisting acid, besides
adding flavor to the butter which adds
to its market value, and they also give
the butter a better color. As important
as the above feeding is the cow's comfort.
Nothing eats up butter faster than dis¬
comfort and fear, because they shrink
the butter fat and so make their milk,
which is steering the butter into the ma¬
nure pile instead of into the churn.
Therefore have warm floors and warm
stables; a cow cannot run a furnace and
a churn with the one feed. My floors
rest on packed earth, by which they never
freeze, and the stable is lined and with
the spaces filled with sawdust, by which
the thermometer never gets below 40 de¬
grees. Another butter eater is the
stanchion. Farmers are very careful to
have for themselves warm floors and
feather beds, but leave their dutiful cows
hanging by the neck in the cruel stocks
named stanchions, and to get what sleep
they can on a frost-carpeted floor; both
should be abolished by law as cruelty to
animals. It is much more profitable to
keep a less number of cows by dividing
the stable into narrow box stalls, than
the greater number in stanchions.

W e can also class tile horns with butter
eaters, and the boss cow cats more butter
than the farmer’s family, for every time
she spears the other cow. shrink goes the
butter fat. Her ally is the dog. A milk¬
man out of Albany was known as “Old
Bluemilk,” and he was the record breaker,
lie fed as much as the other milkmen,
and kept as good cows, but he also kept
a shepherd dog. which he sent every day
for the cows, and which the dog brought
home on a full run. Another, and a dou¬
ble eater, is the noisy rough milker.
Doubtless the discomfort family eats more
butter than the human family, which
means that butter costs double what it
needs to to produce. The farmer should
ponder, not how to get his cow to eat
more feed, but how to help her appro¬
priate what she does eat for her udder
instead of for the barnyard. Thc}r might
experiment with the extract of repose.

As to the growing of our feed crops,
clover hay, with improved harvesting ma¬
chines, can be raised and put into the
barn for less than $2 a ton, and in con¬
nection with silage a cow will eat less
than a ton between October and pasture.
Silage, with improved farm implements,
can be n * into the silo for less than one
dollar a ton, and a cow will do finely (a
Jersey) on a ton a month. Carrots can
be raised for less than 10 cents a bushel,
and a cow will not require over a peck a
day. The oat straw can be made to pay
for the oats, and the cornstalks for the
corn. Then add to the above feeding one
pound of linseed meal and two pounds of
cotton-seed meal, per cow per day, and
we will have first-class butter at a profit.
We might add to the butter account the
value of the manure made and used be¬
yond that applied on the feeding crops,
which would be considerable if all the
manure is carefully saved ; i. e., the liquid
as well as the solid, as it contains over
half of the plant food that an animal voids,
so that a farmer who allows it to run to
waste is as brilliant as the one who allows
a neighbor to steal half of his manure.

Beside saving there is a very great gain
in spreading the manure on the sod in¬
tended for next year’s corn as soon as
the hay is off, which saves the wash from
rain while in the yard. Still another
source of saving or gaining is in buying
the cows instead of raising them. It takes
two years to make a calf a producer; two
years of feed and care, without pay, and
she may die, or worse, she may turn out
a four-pounder instead of a fourteen-
pounder. as she ought to. During such
time a good cow will produce three
calves, a thousand pounds of butter and
a iarge amount of skim-milk and butter¬
milk.

When buying a cow demand a guar¬
antee that she will make eight pounds of
butter on pasture; then raise her by good
care and feeding towards the 14-pounder,
and my way of getting such cows for
nothing is to buy four or five others that
promise a profit in selling, which profit
pays for the cow I keep instead of my¬
self. so that when the dairv is coninlete
there is as much money in the bank as
when starting. It is merely a question of
more capital and common sense with zeal.
The farmer who would be successful
should stop aH ask himself: “Is this the

wisest thing for me to do? Is this the
best way of doing it?” He should con¬
sult with his wife on farming business,
and to that add a farm paper to consult
with. 1 heard a farmer say that he had
no money to fool on farm papers, and
no time to fool reading them. At the
same season he sold his apples at $1.50
a barrel when if he had read the market
reports in the paper he would have seen
that they were selling at $2.50, by which
he could have made enough to pay the
subscription for a hundred years.

_ J. V. HENRY NOTT.

HOW THEY FEED SILAGE.

I must say we have been quite old-
fashioned in our system of feeding silage;
every silo with which I have had to do
has been built near enough to the stable
so we have either used a two-bushel bas¬
ket or a wheelbarrow. For all animals
not more than 50 feet from the silo the
basket is surely the quickest way. Be¬
yond that it will pay to carry it. If tlje
silos are in a distant corner some of the
carriers will do quick and satisfactory
service. A man with a basket will walk
up to a pile, fill it with his hands with
two motions, pick it up with a third and
away he goes to the cows. He will do
the work mentioned in the time required
for the other man to get his shovel into
a carrier. Even with those that drop to
the floor they are still two to three feet
high, and the silage must all be raised
that high. Now when he gets to the cow
this must all be taken out. or if dumped
then scattered, all of which takes time.
I have been in several barns where they
were feeding with baskets, and the carrier
was idle. I might add the barrow was
fitted with a box large enough to hold
silage for three or four cows.

it. E. cook!

Our silo is erected at one end of the
cow stables. Small openings are made
by doors as silage is used, commencing
at the top. This is dropped in a large
box, large enough to hold a day's supply;

HOME IS BEST.

then is taken up in baskets, and delivered
to each cow, about 30 pounds each per
day. d. c. lewis.

We have never made use of any spe¬
cial device other than a bushel basket.
But 1 have seen a box on casters or
wheels, holding about 12 bushels, which
was used to good advantage. We use a
fork for getting the silage out of the silo.
Our silo is a round one, and is connected
to the barn by a short passage, and this
extends the whole height of the silo. We
pitch the silage out into this, then shovel
into basket. I think as far as I have seen
the box arrangement is most commonly in
use here, though most feeders use the
bushel basket, either a wooden or steel
one. JAS. B. HOXIE.

The first important factor in devices for
feeding silage is the convenient location of
the silo, contiguous to the feeding alley.

1 he foot of the chute should be as near
the mangers as possible. A four or five-
tined fork may be used to loosen and
throw down the silage. After the silage
is roughened up by the fork a hay rake
answers very well to pull the top off level
again. I have not found anything better
than the alternate use of these two tools.

1 he beginner needn’t fear much from
spoiled silage in cold weather if the whole
top is not sand-papered every day. In hot
weather care is necessary. The bushel
basket is commonly used to carry the sil¬
age from the pile to the manger, although
it holds too much for one cow if heaped
or pressed, and is not an accurate meas¬
ure for careless men. J. G. Schwink, sec¬
retary of the Connecticut Dairymen’s As¬
sociation. uses a half bushel basket. This
pressed full makes a better measure of
an average feed of silage. Another method
that works very well where the silo could
not be conveniently located is for two men
to take as many bags into the silo as
there are animals to feed, and put a ra¬
tion into each bag. This is a little more
trouble at the beginning, but puts the fod¬
der into shape for expeditious feeding,
and can be conveniently handled on "a
truck or wagon. The feeder should be
the same man every day, and he also
should clean the mangers, so as to study
the cows, if the feeding is to be a success. |

E. C. BIRGE.

Beware of “Cheap”
CREAM SEPARATORS

There was never so much talk of “cheap” separators.
It may well be said that the

DE LAVAL

has its numerous imitators on the run, and that most
of them are nearing the end of their race. All are
offering cut after cut in prices, and making most des¬
perate efforts to unload machines at any cost.

Of course you want a cheap separator. But be sure
you know what cheapness means. It means more in
a separator than in anything else because the use of
a poor machine means WASTE every time milk is put
through it.

Don’t lose sight of the importance of CAPACITY,
and remember always that in proportion to actual
capacity the

DE LAVAL

is the cheapest separator made. In addition it
SAVES its cost while others WASTE theirs, and
it will last TEN TIMES as long.

Remember too that you have got to have new wear¬
ing parts for a separator, frequently for a poor one,
and that most so-called “cheap” machines now offered
will be off the market in a year or two. Then your
“cheap” machine must go straight to the “junk heap.”

There was never a better time than now to buy a
good separator, as with the season of high butter
prices ahead it will half save its cost in otherwise
wasted butter-fat before Spring. But don’t be tempted
to buy one of the “paste diamond” class that will soon
be worth no more than its weight in scrap-iron, and
will have WASTED instead of SAVED its cost while
you did use it.

The best is more truly the cheapest in cream separ¬
ators than in anything else. Send today for catalogue
and name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & CanalSts.

CHICAGO

1213 Filbert Street

PHILADELPHIA

9 and II Drumm St.

SAN FRANCISCO

General Offices:

74 CORTLANDT ST.,
NEW YORK.

121 Youville Square

MONTREAL

75 and 77 York Street

TORONTO

248 McDermot Avenue

WINNIPEG

852

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

November 25,

BUTTER FROM ONE COW,

A correspondent of The R. N.-Y. on
page 738 asks information on butter mak¬
ing with one cow, and as our way is
much less care and expense, and more
satisfactory than the pan system, I will
give it. We had used a creamer with
butter worker, swing-churn and pound
printer, with a fine herd of Jersey cows,
making a fine quality of butter, and when
a change in our business made it neces¬
sary for us to keep only one cow, we
naturally wanted to make as good butter
with less machinery. After some consid¬
eration we evolved a plan that has been
very satisfactory. We bought two one-
gallon carrying pails, such as dairymen
use, and had a tinner insert a tube at the
bottom of each one-half inch and flaring
to three-quarters on outside, tube to be
one inch in length, these tubes to be fit¬
ted securely with corks. The covers
should have three holes punched in them
for ventilation. The whole cost of these
small creamers was not over 20 cents.
If there is a rim at the bottom of pail,
holes may be punched in them to help
in the cooling, but they are not really
essential. The diagram shows the cream¬
er. A candy pail or tub deep enough to
hold wa^er to come up as high as the
milk in can, and plenty of ordinary well
water, is all that is needed to set the milk
for cream raising. Well water at 45 de¬
grees is sufficient to raise the cream in
12 hours; but if one has ice it will save
the changing of water at each milking
and colder water will raise the cream

more quickly. In Summer we set our
milk in cellar near our well, changing the
water at each milking in hottest weather,
but in cooler weather, it may be set on the
back porch or any convenient place where
it may not freeze. We prefer to have
our cow fresh in September, and make
Winter butter, and with this plan can
have butter equally as good as Summer.
We have two creamers for the first flush
of milk, then use only one later. The
milk is strained directly into the can and
set in cold water to the depth of milk,
with enough water, so as to cool the milk.
The cream is raised in 12 hours. Care
must be taken when drawing off the skim-
milk, for the force is considerable of a
full can. Draw off until the cream begins
to show, holding the cork to lessen the
rapid flowing and stop the cream. Shake
the can until the cream is all loosened and
pour in a jar to be set in a cool place
where it may keep sweet, until there is
enough for a churning. We churn twice
a week usually. This cool, sweet cream
is delicious for coffee, cereals, fruit or
ice cream. The cool, sweet milk is very
nutritious as a beverage at table, or for
any cooking purposes, puddings, etc. The
rinsings of the can with skim-milk may
be added to the skim-milk for the table.

The cream jar should be covered with
a ventilated cover and stirred whenever
new cream is added. When ready to
churn bring the jar into a warmer room
to ripen, or thicken, bringing it to a tem¬
perature of 70 degrees in Summer and
SO degrees in Winter, and allowing it to
stand several hours, until it is thick or
loppered, stirring often. Churn at about
70 degrees in any good churn. We use a
dash churn, rinsing down with cold water,
or tempered according to the setSOH.
Wash butter in two or three waters; salt,
work lightly and set away, to cool and
dissolve salt, for an hour or so, th*n

work thoroughly until the milk and brine
are worked out and butter looks even in
texture, but not oily; good butter should
break. We make in pound rolls and cover
with parchment paper. Of course every
care is used to have careful milkers, clean
utensils and pure water and salt, and our
butter is as good as creamery butter. We
prefer it. On no account would we re¬
turn to the pan or crock system of our
grandmothers. The quantity of cream
will vary with the amount of milk or the
family demand. We use it freely the
year around, and yet supply our table
with butter and good milk. We found a
demand for buttermilk near a city, and
allowed more milk to go in cream for
that purpose. The skim-milk soured
made fine cottage cheese for sale or home
use, thus making the value of one cow’s
milk very remunerative, as well as a com¬
fort to the home. mrs. m. p. adams.

Pennsylvania.

THE BALKY HORSE PROBLEM.
What Causes HP

Have I had any experience with a balky
horse? Yes. If so, what did I do?
Well, that depended on the horse, the
breed, training, and usage, combined with
his natural disposition. Horses are like
people, no two just alike, and what would
cure a horse of one breed would make a
balker of another, but the best remedy is
good common sense, horse sense; if the
driver does not possess that all the trea¬
tises that you could print for a year would
be of no effect. Usually a balker is a
mullet-head or mongrel, a cross of two
or more breeds of widely different types
and temperaments, in whose brain there
is a conflict for supremacy to such an ex¬
tent that all he knows is fight; one whose
value is easily denoted by one figure.
The only cure for that kind is death. The
next source in magnitude is fool buyers
or owners, who try to make a horse serve
a purpose for which nature never in¬
tended him. The endeavor usually turns
out a spoiled horse, which sometimes can
be helped, by placing him at work for
which nature designed him. Then there
is the fool horse or family pet, at whose
training the whole family has taken a
hand; too good to be punished, so he be¬
comes a spoiled child, and always more
or less treacherous. Remedy, confine
him to one good hand ; let no one else
feed, curry, water or drive for a year.
At the end of that time he may become
fairly tractable, but never certain. There
is the balky driver; he is of two kinds;
one is the man without confidence in
either himself or team, who telegraphs
his team just before he reaches a hard
place that lie expects they will stop, and
usually they will ; cure for such a team
is a change of driver. Then there are
men who want a team to balk, who can
make the best team balk in about 15 min¬
utes, and do it on purpose to kill time.
For this, change the driver, and do it
before the horses learn to enjoy it. There
is no single remedy that can cure even a
majority of the cases. geo. l. Gordon.

Litchfield Co., Conn.

Dietz Lanterns

You never heard a man who carries a
Dietz Cold Blast Lantern complain of
a leaking oil pot. It’s solderfess, it’s
tested by air pressure, leaking is an
impossibility. Count on your fingers
the things you think a lantern should
be: Convenient, safe, long burning,
never blow out, cleanly, no smoking
or sooting, convenient locking levers —
they are all in the Dietz. Then the

freatest feature of all, the one every-
ody knows about and everybody
prizes, is the

“Clear, White Light of the

DIETZ."

You ought to know all about the lan¬
tern you buy. We want you to know
all about the Dietz Cold Blast. Our
lantern book will explain. It’s free.
Shall we mail you a copy?

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 LaightSt., NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

TANKS and TOWERS

We Build ali. Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak.

CALDWELL TOWERS don’t fall
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. K. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

Wr B* CRUMB, *73 Main St., ForestviIle,Coiui ,

WILDER'S

stanchion meets the demand for a safe,
strong, convenient fastening— one that af¬
fords the cow perfect freedom when stand¬
ing or lying down. A stanchion operated
without removing your gloves or mittens.
Made of hard wood; does not chill animals
in cold weather. A happy combination of
utility, cow comfort and cleanliness. Holds
cattle securely for dehorning. Hung on
pins or chains as desired. Illustrated
catalogue and prices free.

WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO.
Box 20 Monroe, Mich.

STANjCHION

A Cream Saver

There is no “business” in buying expen¬
sive cream caus and other things for
keeping the cream nicely and at the
same time not have the best machine
for getting all the cream from your
milk. The

NATIONAL CREAM

Height
ONLY
50 Inches

SEPARATOR

skims all the cream and geta
it in the best possible condi¬
tion. The National runs
easier, cl eans easier than
others, and costs almost noth¬
ing for repairs. It pays for
itself every year. Sola on easy
payments or a special price
for cash. Write to-day for
Book No. 50. Tells the
story convincingly.

The Hastings Industrial Co.,

General Sales Agents,

La Salle ic Lake Sts,, Chicago.
Manufactured by
National Dairy Machine Co.,
Newark, N. 1.

TUBULAR
Starts Fortune

If you had a gold mine would you
waste half the gold? Dairies are
surer than gold mines, yet
farmers without separators only half
skim their milk. Tubular butter Is
worth 25 to 35 cents. Cream is worth
one cent fed to stock. Are yon
wasting cream?

harpl®5

TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

Like a Crowbar

Tubulars are regular crowbars—
get right under the trouble. Get the
cream— raise the quantity of butter
—start a fortune for the owner.
Write for catalog TJ-153

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAH. CHICAGO, III.

A Leffel Engine

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam is the
only dependable power.

Letl'el Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon¬
tal, Upright, Portable.
Famous for quick
steaming on little fuel.

Power when wanted,
all you want. Be¬
fore you buy a
power read our
book, Power Econ
omy and E f 1 1 c I -
oncy. Mailed free.

Write for it.

The James
Leffel & Co.,

Box 160,

Springfield, Ohio.

Keep Books on Your Stock

You would not run a hank account without keeping hooks. You
ought not to feed stock without an accurate, record of the cost of
every pound of feed consumed, and the net profit per animal. Von
may l>e feeding some animals at a loss. A change of feed might
turn the loss into gain. Some animals thrive better on one kind of
ration than on another, and the record will toll. Again yon ought
to know tlie nutritive value of animal food and the price at which
each food is profitable to feed. When coni is 60 cents a bushel
it is more profitable to Bell and substitute some other grains of
equal nutritive value that are bringing a lower price. But after all
tiie care and attention to such details it must be remembered that
the whole profit of stock feeding depends upon the digestion, it is
doubtful if more than 50 per cent, of the food is digested where no
tonics or other aids are given the animal system, hut where medici¬
nal tonics are added to assist nature, iron is supplied the blood, the
nitrates to expel the poisonous waste materials from the system
and laxatives to regulate the bowels, the. percent of food digested
can be kept at the maximum. Such principles are incorporated into

Extra costof feeding Dr. Hess Stock
Food 3 months, per average hog $ .20
Extra profit by feeding Dr. Hess
Stock Food, per head . . $4.50

V

Net profit per hog . $4.30

kS

fj

Extra cost of feeding Dr. Hess
Stock Food 3 mos. per head $ .75
Extra profit by feeding Dr.

Hess Stock food, per head . 7.50

Net profit per beef. . .$6.75

N

the prescription of Dr. Hess (M. D„ D. V. S.). It has the recommenda¬
tion of the Veterinary Colleges, the Farm Papers, is recognized as a
medicinal tonic and laxative by our own Government, and is sold on
II written guarantee at

5^ ^ ^ iD m0?,1 ‘J' SaCkS;|KXandteixtremed,‘

Lo lb. pail $1.60. ( West and South

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog.

Less than a penny a day for horse, cow, or steer.

If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

Remember that from the 1st to the 10th of each month, Dr.
Hess will furnish veterinary advice and prescriptions free if you

will mention this paper, state what stock you have, also what stock
food you have fed, and enclose two cents for reply. In every package
of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card thatentitles you to
this free service at any time.

I»r. Hess Stock Book Free, if you will mention this paper, state
how much stock you have and what kind of stock food you have used

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also manufacturers of Dr. Iless Poultry Pan-&-ce-aand

Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice

1905.

THE RURAL

NEW-YORKER.

853

Read This Proposition.

Copies of tiiis issue of The Rural New-\'orker are sent to several thousand
farmers who are not now regular subscribers to the paper. You may be one of
these. If so, please accept it with our compliments. We want you to know the paper.
1 hat is our object in sending it. Look it over and see what there is in it for you.
We might quote you thousands of approving letters from old subscribers, but we
prefer to let you judge of its value to you for yourself. We quote only one:

I believe that The R. N.-Y. has the interest of its readers at heart to a greater degree than
any paper with which I am familiar. It was this interest in its readers and its whole-
souled devotion to t lie cause of the farmer and his interests that converted me from a dis¬
contented farmer boy to an enthusiastic student of agriculture and induced me to part with
almost the first dollar I ever possessed to pay for a year’s subscription to The It. N.-Y.
I never attempted to place a value upon the first year’s reading of the paper. It is sufficient
to say that it undoubtedly changed the whole course of my life. j. d. pkickett.

Phoenix, Arizona.

We hope you will discover for yourself some of the qualities that Mr. Prickett
finds in the paper. Anyway you will like a clean paper, with reliable editorial matter
and clean advertising columns. You can, however, tell little of the value of a paper
to you from one copy. We would like to have you try it for a year. Just now we
will make you an inducement to do so.

OUR OFFER: Send us $1 now for the year 1906, and we will send you the
remaining issues of this year free, and also free and postpaid a copy of our new
book. “The Farmer’s Garden.” If you are not fully satisfied by New Year’s, let us
know, return the book, and we will refund your dollar.

THE FARHER’S GARDEN,

Health, Pleasure and Money from the Soil.

Edited by HERBERT W. COLLINGWOOD and others.

This book has been published solely for our own sub¬
scribers. We need more and better gardens. There are books
for the amateur, for the professional gardener and for the
large market gardener, but no book to help the plain busy
farmer.

For the farmer, we want a book with no theories, no big
stories and no guess-work. We want plain and full directions
for making a garden for an average farm family, so that
the table may he supplied with a succession of fresh vege¬
tables, during the entire growing season, and vegetables from
the cellar for the remainder of the year. To get this informa¬
tion, we went to the men and women who actually produced
such a garden on their own farms. Itow they have done it
is told In plain and easy language. The story is told so fully
and plainly that even if you had never planted a hill of
beans, you can follow the directions in this book, and make
a good garden. You arc told how to lay out the ground,
how to prepare the soil, how to cover the seed and set the
plant, varieties to plant and quantities required. It gives
plans for successive planting to insure a constant supply for
the table, and the instructions for cultivating and fighting
insect pests are clear and definite. The scientific men have
been called upon only to discuss plant disease which has been

best essay

The book
cover 75 cents;

done so concisely

on the subject that was ever written,
is printed on good paper from new

Cloth $1.

USE

and well that this chapter
plates, fully illustrated.

is

by far the
Price : Paper

THIS BLAMK.

Publisher, Tiie Rural New Yorker.

Enclosed find $t for which send me The R. N.-Y. every week for the year 1906. You
are to send me the remaining issues of 1905 free, and also a copy of The Farmer’s Garden,
post paid. If I am not satisfied by New Year's I am to return the book, and you are to
refund the dollar, making no charge for the issues sent.

Name

P. O. Address . State .

Send to-day to make sure of the next issue. The book will go back the day your
order is received.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl St., New York.

A BREAKFAST SET.

This is a premium we have secured espe
dally for the good women of The R. N.-Y.
family. It is a beauty, and we are able to
give a great bargain in it.

It is a 31 -piece breakfast set in Prince
decoration, which is a beautiful pure gold bor¬
der with a decalcomania flower in the centre
of each piece. The flower is fixed perma¬
nently by this process, and the design is very
pretty and popular. The set consists of six
plates, six cups, six saucers, six butters, six
oatmeal and one meat plate.

We will send this set by express safely
packed to every woman reader who will send
us a club of five new yearly subscribers,
at $1 each. The new subscribers will get the
remaining issues of this year free and a copy
of “The Farmer’s Garden,” described above.
Now, ladies, this is your opportunity. Get
after your friends ; you ought to have a set
by Christmas.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, NEW YORK.

THE LEVIN PRUNER.

The best pruner. Cuts ki-inch dry branch. Quick,
clean, easy cut. We will send it post paid for club of
two new yearly subscriptions at $1 each, or for club
of 7 ten weeks trials at 10 cents each.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, NEW YORK.

DO YOU WANT TO
EARN A WATCH?

No. 1 is a man’s nickel watch with regular
watch, movement, strong, dust-tight, and
warranted to run and keep good time. With
proper care it will keep good time for years.
We thought it a wonderful watch for the
price and placed an order for a large lot, so
as to get bottom prices. As long as this lot
lasts we will send one postpaid for a club
of 3 new yearly subscriptions to The It.
N.-Y., or for 20 ten-week trials at 10 cents
each.

No. 3 is a seven-jeweled open face, men’s
nickel watch with screw bezel and back case.
It is seven-jeweled movement, beautifully
damaskeened on nickel, with patent safety
pinion, cut compensation balance wheel, stem
wind and stem set, and a patent breguet
hairspring which prevents watch from vary-
in when it has a sudden jar. It is set by
pulling out the crown and turning it in either
direction. We send this watch postpaid for
a club of 8 yearly subscriptions at $1 each
or 60 ten-week trials at 10 cents each.

No 5 is a seven-jeweled hunting case men's
watch in 10-year engraved gold filled case.
The movement is same as in No. 3 except
that it is set by pulling out the lever and
turning the crown in either direction. We
send this watch postpaid for a club of 10
yearly subscriptions at $1 each, or for 80
ten-week trials at 10 cents each.

The watches are all guaranteed and may
be returned if not satisfactory. Yearly sub¬
scriptions for 1906 will get the remaining
Issues of 1905 free, and also a copy of “The
Farmer’s Garden.”

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, NEW YORK.

SIX POPULAR BOOKS.

You want some good books to read. We want new readers for The R. N.-Y. Let us
help each other. Send one new yearly subscription at SI. The new subscriber will get the
paper for a year and a copy of The Farmer’s Garden, or send 10 new trial subscriptions for
10 weeks at 10 cents each — -SI for the ten.

Then for your trouble we will send you by return mail and postpaid your choice of the
following six books. These are all new and popular books. Cloth bound and retail at $1.50

each.

DAVID HARUM.

DAVID

e.s.n^bstcott

BY E. N. WESTCOTT.

No other book
of fiction in re¬
cent years lias
reached the pop¬
ularity of David
Harum. It is a
story full of
life and action,
a lioun ding in
homely speeches,
wise philoso¬
phy and subtle
humor. The ro¬
mance of a city
clerk and a
country maiden
add a feature of
great human in¬
terest. Nearly a
million copies
of the work have
been sold. It is
cloth bound and
the publi she r’s
price is $1.50.

BLENNERHASSETT.

BY C. F. PIDGIN.

Blennerh a s s e t t
is an intensely in¬
teresting book of
history and ro¬
mance dealing
with many char¬
acters prominent
in the early life of
our country. The
relations of Alex-
ander Hamilton
and Aaron Burr
are traced from
an unusual point
of view-. This
story is so fasci¬
nating, and at
t i m e s exciting,
that the reader
will not willingly
lay the book aside
after starting it.
This is an illus-
cloth bound. Publisher's price

THE CHRISTIAN.

BY HALL CAINE.

San

<4

THE CHRISTIAN

HALL

CAlNE

This is a most
remarkable book.
Its popularity and
sales surprised
a n d astounded
both the publish¬
ers and the au¬
thor. Several hun-
d r e d thousands
have been sold,
and the demand
continues. The au¬
thor's great repu¬
tation rests prac¬
tically on this
book. The story
of John Stor m
and Glory Quayle
is full of interest
and pathos. It
has been as popu¬
lar on the stage
as in literature,
read it have a treat
is printed on good

QUinCY-ADAriSSAWYER

A-STORY Of

(irw-ENCLASD'HOME-UEf

Those who have not yet
in store for them, ‘it
paper large, clear print and substantial
cioth binding. It retails for $1.50.

THE RIGHT OF WAY.

by GILBERT PARKER.

This story is Gilbert
Tarker's masterpiece. It
is a fascinating book. The
love story running through
it is unusual and pathetic¬
ally interesting. The por¬
trayal of character is
clear and strong, and its
spiritual import is health¬
ful and inspiring. Char¬
ley Steele is the central
figure, and the character
is powerfully drawn. lie
is a young lawyer, bril¬
liant, gifted and popular.
His great vice is intem-
. , perance. His married life

is also unsympathetic. Ilis fate is eventu¬
ally so strange that he passes as one dead,
yet ho lives, and his later development sur¬
prises you and inspires you. It is a strong
presentation of a strong man's effort to live
down the past. ITe is beset by great trials
and his early cynical tendencies are in con¬
stant dispute with a healthier spiritual influ¬
ence ot his new life. It is one of those books
that you can read the second or third time
with new interest and greater profit with
each repetition. It is a large book of ■t,,o
pages, illustrated, large, clean' type, and good
paper. I he publisher’s price is $1.50.

Letters from a Self-Made
Merchant to His Son.

, 0I]e^f tbe niost popular of the new

books. The lather is a successful pork packer
fit Chicago without education or culture
Ihe son is a young man just out of college
with both education and refinement, who is
trying to make a place for himself in the
Ea®L 1 *je son does not get on very fast
and the father writes him from time to time.

It is a most interesting book, and few
a°saie°£ iecent P,lbllcatiou have had so large

trated edition
$1.50.

QUINCY ADAMS SAWYER.

BY C. F. PIDGIN.

This story of New
England life will inter¬
est the whole family.

The story is full of ac¬
tion and unexpected
turns, and a pleasing
thread of romance is
woven through it. The
character sketching is
clever, showing sharp¬
nosed gossips, people ter¬
ribly “near," queer and
“sot” in their ways, and
other admirable charac¬
ters, among whom are
Alice rettiugill and her
Uncle Ike. who is some¬
thing of a crank, but good-hearted and full
of hard sense. It is said to lie the best New
England story ever written, which in itself
is rather a strong recommendation, it has
many full-page illustrations. Cloth bound
and retails at $1.50.

You may earn one or more of these books in this way. Make your selection
when you send the order, and the book will go to you by first mail after your order
is received.

Books for Boys and Giris.

It is important that boys and girls early develop a
taste for books, but it is still more important that they
i ead the right kind of books. When we remember the
evil effects of bad books on the young mind, we realize
how important it is that young people be directed in
the selection of books. It often makes the difference
between a useful and a wasted life. The following
books are selected from the best and most popular
works. They are handsomely printed on good paper,
new clear type, bound in cloth, and many of them are
profusely illustrated. They make a handsome gift, for
Christmas or any time. We send your choice of the
list as a reward for sending one new yearly subscrip¬
tion at $1. We will send as many books as you send
new subscriptions. We, of course, cannot send them
011 >,0Ur own subscription nor on renewals. We send
them as a reward for your work, or we will send one for a club of ten 10-weeks-trials
at 10 cents each. These are the books :

GRIMM'S
Fairy Tales

Robinson Crusoe.

Aesop’s Fables.

Christopher Columbus.

Black Beauty.

Andersen's Fairy Tales.
Grandfather's Chair.

Mosses From an Old Manse.

Rip Van Winkle.

Twice Told Tales.

The Pygmies.

Wonder Stories.

Treasure Island.

Benjamin Franklin.

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Water Babies.

Runyan s I ilgnm's Progress
Swiss Family Robinson.

Gulliver's Travels.

Arabian Nights.

Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Old Christmas.

T'anglewood Tales.

Wonder Book.

The Golden Age.

Christmas Carols.

Little Lame Prince.

T1UC>Fo!mdhTherekinff °'aSf? ancl What A,ice
Tales From Shakespeare.

These are all handsome books fit for any library. Every book is a treasure o'
the purest thought and highest aspirations. Such books are to the mind what a goof
dinner is to the body. They are more; they not only strengthen and develop but&the5
inspire and ennoble the mind by raising it above what is common or low We would
like all our boys and girls to have several of these books. Write and tell us you wanl
some of them, and we will show you how to get them. You need not go out of vour
own home to do it. Write to-day. J

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl Si., N. Y.

854

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER .

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established isso.

Hkkbkut W. Coi.unowood, Editor.

DR. WAI.TKR VAN FLEET, (.Associates
Mrs. It. T. HOYLE, £ Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in Hie Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 >4 marks, or 10 Mi francs.

« A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that: every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must lie sent to ns within one
month of t lie time of t lie transaction, and yon must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

II you receive this paper as a sample copy,
please turn to page and read the an¬

nouncement at top oi page.

*

The American Apple Consumers’ League is spreading
to our new possessions. Last j’ear these shipments of
apples were made: Alaska, $23,364; Hawaii, $29,277;
Porto Rico, $6,693, and the Philippines, $479. We should
all be thankful for this trade in American apples. A good
apple will do much to make an islander see the stars
and forget the stripes — unless it happened to be a Ben
Davis !

*

Such poultry articles as that by Mr. Cosgrove on
page 840 are useful because they state plain and simple
facts. This is not the only way to take care of a “snow¬
bound hen,” but it is one way which has paid for a
farm. Here are the facts, with a caution to those who
might try to imitate this treatment. These gentle
Wyandottes may be content in this small space, but the
livelier breeds might rebel if crowded in this way. Peo¬
ple must remember those things when they read such
articles.

*

So our friend Chilocorus similis has proved a fail¬
ure as a bulldog to catch the dreaded San Jose scale
(see page 845). Like some other foreigners, lie or she
found the American climate and manners too strenuous.
Our scientific friends have held out great promises to
us before now, but somehow the colors faded when
washed in the sweat of practical experience. This expe¬
rience will probably kill off for some time the theory
that this dreaded scale can be held in check by para¬
sites. Out of this experience we may take a grain of
thankfulness that it is now settled that nothing will
fight the scale for us!

*

Each year more and more of our contributors use a
typewriter. This gives one reason for thankfulness.
When a man uses a soft pencil and soft paper he does
not always realize what a hard proposition he makes
for the reader. The writer helps himself too when he
gets away from the pencil. When he punches out the
words slowly upon a machine he realizes what extra
letters cost, and he fights shy of long words. Such a
man will often be surprised when reading his own mat¬
ter to see how much clearer his thoughts are when

expressed in short, simple words.

*

A man who moved away from the city to live on a
farm says that his city job gave him practically no time
for reading. The daily paper and perhaps a magazine
were all that he could find time to look over. The rush
and crowd of city work and the distraction of the life
left him no time for reflection or really solid reading.
In the country the long evenings and stormy days of
Fall and Winter gave him a chance to absorb good
books. The quiet of his country home carried him into
another world, the world of literature and noble thought.
There he learned, as he explained it, that “the Kingdom
of God is within you!” This man has well expressed
why it is that many of us are thankful that we live in
the country. Tt is true, although some city people are
astonished to be told of it, that the most thoughtful and

earnest reading people in America arc to be found in
farm homes. Amid the quiet of the hills and lonely
places such people can read good books slowly and
with understanding. In one way this studious use of
spare time is of more value to the nation than the fierce
money-chasing that goes on in the cities. The con¬
servative character thus being bred and developed from
this “other world” of books will prove the saving power

for the nation in coming years.

*

Over 10 years ago we told how French farmers were
using electric power for running their machinery. This
power was wired to them, often for several miles. It
seemed like a dream to most American farmers, yet
already the system is being worked in this country, be¬
ginning in the West. Power is furnished by the trolley
lines, and electric motors transfer it to machinery which
requires a turning wheel. In some places the power is
generated on the farm by waterwheels, and wired to
barn or other buildings. There are great possibilities
for American farming in this new development, and we

are to have full accounts of it.

*

“Do you really believe people ever pay any attention
to your advice to vote with the postage stamp, and with
letters to public men?” That question is asked by a
despairing mortal who can see no hope for better things.
Believe it? Why, we knozv it! Ask the Hon. Thomas
C. Platt ! Ask the wire fence manufacturers. Ask the
men who supported oleo. Believe it? Why, it is one
of the surest things on earth ! But even if there was not
a farmer in the country brave enough to dip his pen in
ink we should keep right on urging them to write out
their wrongs. If drops of water can wear away a
rock, drops of ink can make history. The postage stamp

is mightier than the sword !

*

We invite a study of the correspondence with the
Adams Express Company printed on the next page.
Since the ease started we have heard of a number
where just the same tactics are followed. The evident
design is to bluff or disgust people until they grow tired
of trying to collect what is due them. It took this
company 159 days to find where that package, plainly
marked, went to. It wouldn’t take that many seconds
for them to figure their high rates of transportation
Imagine what would have happened if we had taken
the package away without paying the express charges !
Well, it is a good thing to know that there is blood in
a turnip if you know how to squeeze the drops out

and will stick to the squeezer.

*

A few weeks ago one of our readers told of his efforts
to obtain good farm produce in this city, and the prices
demanded. Another reader about loo miles away saw
the article and sent a package of produce to the city
man. With it came a letter from which we are privi¬
leged to take this extract :

Now you may not: know it, but you are a neighbor of mine,
by virtue of reading the same old R. N.-Y'. if by no other
means. Somehow it draws people together to compare notes
(in print) and teil each other of their worries and experi¬
ences. It fosters a friendly and brotherly feeling. If you
lived next door to me, and I had the garden that I gen¬
erally have and you had none, don't you suppose I should
till up a basket with vegetables or whatsoever and take it
over to your back door and say : “There. I thought you’d
like a taste of garden stuff for dinner.” Or if you had
the garden and I had none, wouldn’t you do the same thing?
Of course you would, and I should be glad to get it.

We are glad to print that in our Thanksgiving num¬
ber, and it doesn’t require much comment or rubbing
in. You know how much better the world would be if

we all lived up to that spirit.

*

The general outlook for dairying was never better
than it is to-day. Prices for butter and cheese and for
high-class milk are such as to offer encouragement to
men who are willing to take advantage of opportunity.
The cream separator and the gasoline engine have
changed the entire character of many farms, and we are
now promised a fairly successful milking machine. The
last year has seen a great increase in the number of
silos, and the use of Alfalfa is spreading east. Where
this wonderful crop will thrive the cost of producing
a quart of milk and a pound of butter will fall. Farm¬
ers too are learning to use purchased grain to better
advantage, so as to save money. Last, but not least,
the cattle are improving. The constant talk about the
value of pedigree has had its effect, and animals of
famous blood are appearing in many working herds.
There never was a better time to huy pedigreed breeding
animals than right now. There is every indication that
prices for milk products and meat will continue fair, if
not high. The great crop of corn means lower prices
for feed. There never were more good breeding ani¬
mals offered for sale at fair prices— never a more hope¬
ful outlook for their use. Readers of The R. N.-Y.
believe in improved stock, and know how the intro¬
duction of new blood into their flocks and herds will
increase values. All things considered, right now is the
best time to buy breeding stock that has been known in
10 years.

“WE HAVE MUCH TO BE THANKFUL FOR."

The following extract from President Roosevelt’s
Thanksgiving proclamation suits us very well as a sea¬
sonable text:

We live in easier and more plentiful times than our fore¬
fathers, the men who with rugged strength faced the rugged
days ; and yet the dangers to National life are quite as
great now as at any Hme in our history. It is eminently
fitting that once a year our people should set apart a day
for praise and thanksgiving to the Giver of Good, and at
tlie same time that they express their thankfulness for the
abundant mercies received should manfully acknowledge
their shortcomings and pledge themselves solemnly and in
good faith to strive to overcome them. During the past year
we have been blessed with bountiful crops. We are not
threatened by foes from without. The foes from whom we
should pray to be delivered are our own passions, appetites
and follies; and against these there is always need that we
should war.

The R. N.-Y. believes in celebrating Thanksgiving
365 days in the year. This issue is not so much a for¬
mal acknowledgment of thanks as an overflow. We
have so much to be thankful for that it is hard to find
expression for it all. Health, home and loving friends —
with these the human heart may well be thankful.
Those who to-day are walking through the shadows
have our sympathy and kindliest thoughts. Even to
them is given the great legacy of hope and faith — the
promise of a better to-morrow. Depression will only
fatten itself upon hope if permitted to do so.

Thanksgiving should not be entirely a day of satis¬
faction, but of hope and promise as well. The future
holds the best of life. The home and the nation are
in greatest danger when people forget that. That is
particularly true of country homes, because they should
be the places where the true conservatism of American
society is bred and nursed. We are thankful that we
live in the country and love to stay there, thankful that
the children can grow up naturally among birds and
flowers and trees and animals. We are thankful that
we are glad to get away from town and city, thankful
that when we drive out of the gate we begin to long
to turn hack home.

We are thankful that farmers are generally taking
more pride in their calling, that they are willing to
invest more of their earnings in home and farm, that
they are placing “book farming” and scientific agricul¬
ture where they properly belong, that they are not
sneering at science, but testing it by practical experi¬
ence. We are thankful that farmers and rural dwellers
are coming to know more of their power, that they
believe in evolution rather than in revolution, analysis
rather than destruction. They went at the wire fence
question in just the rieffit way. They have made the
Government chemists analyze wire and find the defects
in its manufacture. Now they will place the manufac¬
turers in a position which will make improved wire a
necessity. They will win the parcels post in time by
sheer force of personal influence. We are thankful that
the privilege of voting with the postage stamp is not
only gaining rights which belong to the farmer, but
giving him greater independence and power. Yes, let
us be thankful this year, not counting merely the dollars
God has given us, but the character and spiritual power
as well, so that we may use it for uplifting purposes.

BREVITIES.

See page 8515.

“Pray heaven for a thankful heart.”

Let the stock be thankful for food and shelter.

Badly needed — strong character to stand prosperity.

Read the suggestions about home reading on page 857.

And don't forget to eat the three good apples every day.

Is your wife thankful for all the shelves and closets she
needs ?

Baked beans and peace are far better than roast turkey
and discord.

Why yes — there are some good things out beyond the end
of your nose.

The legal standard for evaporated apples is not over 27
per cent of moisture.

Will you trust yourself to make a perfect mixture of
theory and common sense?

It’s a reason for thanksgiving if your wife is an expert
loafer — that is a good bread maker.

Everyone of our fields but one has a crop of rye, grass
or clover covering it this Winter.

Practical information about tile drainage is pouring in.
It will put juice into tills usually dry subject.

The manger of the robber cow is found within your
pocket. You'll have to knock her on the head to find a
key to lock it.

We are thankful that so many contributors have stopped
writing with a soft lead pencil on soft paper, and that so
many more are to do it !

Two weeks ago a reader regretted that the New York
Senators could not “run for office” this year. Wouldn’t
they have had a merry time?

We are thankful for the best lot of practical articles on
hand and provided for that we ever had at this season.
You will get them in due time.

Several manufacturers are hard at work trying to per¬
fect a milking machine. It is a question whether such a
machine would be a reason for pure thankfulness.

Much has been said about the King system of ventilating
stables. Prof. F. IT. King, the inventor, will soon tell onr
readers about his system. This is the clearest description
yet printed.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

855

I9()f».

A STORY OF AN EXPRESS PACKAGE .

One Reason for Being Thankful.

Did you ever try to got an express company to settle
for a lost package? If so, you will appreciate the fol¬
lowing history. On June i we ordered by telegraph
2,000 pepper plants from Matawan, N. J. They were
promptly packed and shipped by the Adams Express,
but though days came and went, they have not been
heard from since. VVe were unable to obtain other
plants at that time, and the failure to deliver the pack¬
age caused annoyance and loss. After a week's delay
we wrote the Adams Express Company and received a
letter from Philadelphia stating that the matter "would
he investigated.” After three more letters of this sort
we received the following on August 24, 55 days after
the package was sent :

This matter is in (lie hands of our New York office, who
have shown good order transfer to the National Express Co.
1 am asking our Mr. \V. A. Cochran, Chief Clerk, New York,
this date, for a reply. j. a. murphy.

Superintendent.

This looked like progress, and we wrote Mr. Coch¬
ran, who promptly replied as follows :

We beg to acknowledge receipt of yours of the 25th inst.,
relative to shipment of pepper plants made June 1, 1905,
from Matawan, N. J. We have to advise that (lie shipment
was transferred to connecting company, and the matter
now presents some complications that will take us several
days to work out. We have the matter, however, grinding,
and can assure you that the result will lie ascertained shortly
and we will be pleased to advise you when the matter is
cleared up. If you will kindly have a little patience we
will let you hear from us, as the matter has not been lost
sight Of. w. A. COCHRAN.

Chief Clerk.

That was well enough as far as it went, but it didn’t
go very far, or rather it went too far, for 39 days
passed without any further information. Not being
quite sure what Mr. Cochran meant by “shortly” we
wrote him again on October 4 as follows:

I last heard from you on August 26, regarding a shipment
of pepper plants, which was made June t. from Matawan,
N. J. I have written seven letters. I think, about this
shipment and in every case I have been notified that the
matter would be “promptly investigated.” it is now 57
days since you informed me that a “few complications had
arisen that would take you several days to work out.”
You state in this letter that the matter is grinding (which
i assure you is a fact), and that you will be pleased to
advise me when it is cleared up. You also suggest that
if I will have a little patience i shall hear from you in due
time. Now, I probably have more patience than anything
else in (lie world, but the Adams Express Co. has my pepper
plants, and I would like to exchange some of my patience
for the price of those peppers. I am tired of waiting for
the grinding of your machine. I do not understand what
you mean by constantly telling me that the matter is being
“Investigated.” if I wait for you to communicate the
result of this grinding I shall be white-haired before the
grist is finished. I enclose my bill for $10. to pay for the
peppers, and I should lie very much pleased to have the
Adams Express Co. settle the bill at once. They may then
continue the investigations.

This seemed to hit something, for I was informed that
“our representative will call at once.” Sure enough,
he came, but he knew no more about my pepper plants
than 1 did. I did my best to give him the views of a
dissatisfied client, and told him 1 would wait 10 days
for further “investigation.” 1 waited 18 days and then
wrote the following :

I desire to call your attention to the fact that it is now
18 days since you wrote me last. Your representative called
and stated that you were in communication with another
express company, and that within a few days the matter
of the loss of my package would lie explained. 1 told him
I would wait in days and then take further steps to "in¬
vestigate the matter.” It seems to me that there is abso¬
lutely no sense whatever in this long delay about settling

for tills package. It is now exactly 145 days since that
package went astray. I have been informed six different
times that the Adams Express Co. was “looking the matter
up.” Now is the Adams Express Co. blind, or is it true as
1 have been told, that your policy is to do nothing, and
in this way lire out and disgust those who try to recover
their property? My experience with your company leads me
to believe that the latter explanation is most probable.
Under ordinary circumstances 1 should have given up in dis¬
gust after your second letter, and it would appear as though
that is what you expect those who complain to do. I am
not going to do this, however, as 1 have made up my mind
that the Adams Express Co. is either going to pay for that
package or keep hearing about it as long as I live. The
value of tlie package amounts to little, lint this infernal
principle of dodging a fair investigation, of attempting to
tire out those who have a just complaint, and waving people
aside with "we are looking it up” lias gone too far. I enclose
another bill for $10. for those pepper plants. I intend to
stay by the Adams Express Company in one way or another
until this bill is paid, as it seems to me that the time has
gone by for any gentle or decent method to collect a fair
debt.

We now appear to be getting down to business, and
by return mail I received the following:

I have your letter of the 24th inst., with further reference
to shipment forwarded to you from Matawan, N. J,, on
June 1st last, and in reply wish to assure you that this*
company is not responsible for the delay in disposing of the
matter. As agreed in the receipt accepted by you, our
liability ceases when transfer is made to a connecting com¬
pany, which in this instance is the National Express Co.,
consequently we must await the result of their investigation.
We understand from their correspondent. Mr. C. S. Potter,
that the matter is receiving due consideration, and as soon
as a conclusion is reached, they will communicate witli us
regarding the adjustment of this claim, when we will at
once advise you. In the meantime, requesting your further
indulgence, I remain, w. a. cochran.

Chief Clerk.

That was just about what I had been told would
happen ; each -company would put the error on the
other, and both dodge payment. That game is as old
as the hills, but l purposed to stay by the Adams Ex¬
press Company, so 1 send the following on October 20 :

I have just received your letter of October 25th in reply
to mine of recent date. As I wrote you previously, it is
now 148 days since that package was lost, and it seems to
me the height of absurdity for you to claim that it has
taken all this time to learn where that package went to.
No doubt you remember the old joke, which was formerly
a favorite at the minstrel shows, with regard to why Eve
was created. The answer was “For Adam's express com¬
pany." I think, now it would be a fair question to ask,
why the earth was created and answer it in just exactly
the same way. Your company is giving ns just the evidence
we wanted to make it clear to t be people why we should
have in this country a parcels post. The absurdity of your
position, and the criminal negligence or carelessness which
is responsible for the loss of a package of this kind will,
sooner or later, force the American people to establish a
parcels post. You say the matter is receiving “due con¬
sideration" from Mr. l’otter. Now. in Heaven's* name, what
do you mean by such a statement as that? Does it require
145 days of “due consideration’ to trace up a simple matter
of the wrong shipment of a small package? You say you
will at once advise me when Mr. Potter communicates with
you. AVill you lie kind enough to give me Mr. Potter’s
personal address, and I will see if I can't quicken his means
of communication. You request my further indulgence, but.
my dear sir, l have no indulgence left, i have made up my
mind that somebody is going to pay for this package. I
hold the Adams Express Company responsible for it and
you may rest assured that I shall keep after the Adams
Express' Company as long as I live, and endeavor to have
the correspondence carried on after l pass away, if nec¬
essary. if you have exhausted the resources of the Adams
Express Company please give me Mr. Potter's address, and
I will endeavor to make life enjoyable to him.

Eleven days went by, and I had given up hope of
that “investigation.” I was preparing to write to the
president, vice-president and all officers and directors
of the company in turn, when to my surprise a mes¬
senger came and paid me the $10. 1 shall never know

where those pepper plants went to; that "investigation”

will remain a dead secret, and how the two companies
settle with each other is not for me to understand. All
I know is that after 159 days 1 am paid for the plants.
I shall always believe that they paid the money to get
rid of me, and that is the only way to collect such a
debt. The man who gives up in disgust, as they expect
him to, might as well bid good-bye to both package and
money. “We have much to be thankful for!”

FARM AND GARDEN. — The annual meeting of the Amer¬
ican Shropshire Association will be held at the Union Stock
iards, Chicago, during the International Show, Dec. 21.

In carrying out the provisions of the Act of Congress
relative to the testing of seeds of grass, clover and Alfalfa
a special agent of the Department of Agriculture, Wash¬
ington, I). C., asked 1,272 seedsmen for samples of Red
clover and Alfalfa_ seeds as offered for sale by them. From
these seedsmen 658 samples were obtained and examined.
As a result several lots were purchased in the open market
, 'h 10 .‘u*n ^ * era ted, a list of the sellers appearing
in Circular No. 14 of the Department, in which the names
of several well-known firms are found. The adulterants are
mostly yellow trefoil and bur clover, the highest percentage
of adulteration reaching 45.73. In order to aid seedsmen in
avoiding the purchase of adulterated seeds, five Department
announces that it will examine and report promptly as to
the presence of adulterants in any samples of seeds submit¬
ted tor that purpose. _

BUSINESS BITS.

• ^ r°’:LT}iY book full of practical information has been
issued by the American Poultry Advocate" and eau lie had
in connection with a year’s subscription to that excellent
poultry journal. This book has a title which should com¬
mend it— 200 Eggs a Year Per lien.” How to get them
J? what it essays to teach. The fact that this work is in
its fifth edition shows its popularity. Write the American
I oultry Advocate, 04 Ilogan Block, Syracuse, N. Y. if desir¬
ing to take advantage of this offer.

Whkn a manufacturer is willing to lend his machine to
you for a month, merely to show you that it. will do the
work he promises, there is every reason to accept his siate-
menls without question. This is the offer made by R. F
Bieber, ITeasurer, 1900 Washer Co., 5127 Henry Street,
Binghamton, N. Y., in introducing the new “Gravity
X v a slier. The 1900 Washer is already favorably known;

friends who are using it express entire satisfaction, but the
Gravity works on a new principle, and presents features
which, its makers are assured, will render it verv popular.
It you have not yet tried one of these labor savers, or If
you have a machine that does not satisfy you write to the
above address and let the makers tel'l you about their
machine, and how you may borrow it for four weeks’ use.

Evidently makers of washing machines have sound rea¬
sons for belief in their appliances, as shown by their entire
readiness to send them for free trial. Dodge & Zui II. 539a
Clinton Street, Syracuse, N. Y., are ready to send their
Syracuse "Easy” washer free for 30 days’ trial, freight pre¬
paid. This works on the principle of using air to force
tlie suds through the cloth, which thus avoids friction yet
gives complete cleansing. This washer is further improved
by the use of a gasoline heater attachment, which can be
applied under the metal tub of the washer. It is thus pos¬
sible to heat the water while tlie washing progresses: the
operation may start with cold water if desired. The heater
is readily detached when not in use. Write to the linn
at above address; they will give valuable information con¬
cerning washing machines and their use.

Looking at the advertisement of the Universal bread
mixer, one man asked anxiously; “Say, do you think any
patent machine can make bread and bake it inside of three
minutes?” We explained to him that the yeast fermenta¬
tion and baking processes could not lie hurried but that
the mechanical part of breadmaking — the hand kneading and
mixing, that tires hands, wrists and shoulders, and often
drives a tired woman to the last limit of endurance — is
entirely done away with. In addition to this a much liner
grain is secured, with a perfectly even texture. We have
used this bread mixer in our own household for over two
years, and would not be willing to keep house without it.
It is very simple, easily cleansed, ami will quickly repav its
price in the saving of physical energy. Write to the makers
Landers, Frary & Clark, 4!) Commercial Street New Britain
Conn., for their booklet about this housekeeper’s helu. and
learn more about its virtues.

THE MARK AND THE MOTTO

“ The Recollection of Quality
Remains Long After
The Price is Forgotten*'

Trade Mark Registered.

The difference in worth between a
good tool and a poor one is always
more than tlie difference in coat.

Counting the time wasted in constant
sharpening and the short life of infer¬
ior tools, a poor tool is really more ex¬
pensive than a good one.

Whenever you need a tool of any kind,

It will pay you to buy the Keen Kutter
brand, and have the best. All kinds of
tools are mude under this name, and every
kind represents the very highest quulity of
muterial, workmanship and finish.

Keen

mm

tools have been the standard of America for 30 years
and are the only complete lino of tools ever to re¬
ceive an award at a great exposition— the Keen Kut¬
ter line being awarded the Grand Prize at tlie St.

Louis Fair.

Following are somo of the kinds of tools made under the
Keen Kutter Brand: Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels,

Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws,

Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass Hooks, Brush Hooks,
Corn Knives, Trowels,. Pruning Shears, Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Eye
Hoes, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears, Razors, etc., and knives of
all kinds.

If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools write us

and learn where to get them. Send for Tool Booklet.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis, IJ. S. A.

298 Broadway, New York.

A. Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
roUH BITS IN ONE

Cure* Kickers, Kunawiij-n, i’ullcra,
shyer*, ole. Send for Hit on Ten
Hay*’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.

Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant IUU, Ohio.

.DEATH TO HEAVES

NlfiWTON,fl Hoaee, Cnoah, Dl*
temper and Indigestion Cure.

A veterinary specific for wind,
7 throat and stomach troubles.

Strong recommends. $1 .00 per
— .can, of dealers, or Kxp. prepaid.

The N ew ton KemedyOo.,
Toledo. Ohio.

THE

SMITH

Great Western Apron

Manure Spreader

CDOFAftC all kinds Of manure, straw stack bottoms and commercial fertilizer regard-
W r HtH II v less of their condition. Spreads as much in a day as 15 men can by hand. Spreads the
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes tlie same amount of manure go three times as far and
produce better results; makes all manure fine and Immediately available for plant food.
Un$l_RnlUinS!URI K* DIVE forms a hopper, holds all hard enuuks in contact
nUli-DUllUilftDLC nAKE .vith beater until thoroughly pulverized.

EUm F C C N jjJSDfllJ 13 0110 continous apron, (not a 14 apron) therefore always ready to
klsUkkwv Ml nUU load. You don’t have to drive a certain distance to pull it back
'ato posh. ion alter each load or wind it back by hand; It is a great advantage in making long hauls.
1TM F ft F I Q Ilf) CFADINft about our Endless Apron to break and cause trouble,
lEILllk lw HU U kit Villi U it is always up out of the way of obstructions as it
does not extend below axle. Spreads evenly from start to finish and cleans out perfectly clean.
UOflft AMI! Clin CATE keeps manure away from beater while loading; pre-
HUUU Hit U kHU UH I k vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch
when starting and acts as wind shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated
while in motion to spread thick or thin, 3 to 25 loads per acre.

I mUT n ft CT fipcause the load is nearly equally balanced on front and rear axles.
l*IUn I UilHr I The team is as near the load as it can work. Front and rear axles are
the same length and wheels track; beater shaft runs in ball and socket bearings, therefore no friction.
Beater is 23 inches in diameter, seat turns over when loading. Machine turnsin its own length.
C I U D| I PITY There are only two levers on our machine. One which raises the hood,
dlmr LBUI I I locks it and throws the machine in gear at tlie same time. It can then
be thrown in and out of gear without loweriug tlie hood. One lever which changes
feed to spread thick or thin, making it so simple that a boy who can drive a team can handle it.
CTPCftlftTU Alin niBDADII ITV is one of the most important points to be
OlrtkilUin mHU UUltMDIkl I I considered in a manure spreader. The Great
Western lias a good, strong, durable wheel. Extra strong spoke and rim, heavy steel tires. Strong, well
braced box with heavy oak sill. Oak tongue, hickory doubletrees, malleable castings, gears and
sprockets all keyed on. Galvanized hood. Every partis made extra strong, regardlessof cost. It Is
made for the man who wants the best; made in four sizes, 30, 50, 70 and 100 bushel capacity.
ftllAftAMTEE Should any part break, wear out or get out of order within one year wo
UUHslMH I EC replace free of charge. Send for free catalogue, showing latest improve¬
ments. It tells how to apply manure to secure best results.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.

163 Harrison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

856

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

[ Woman and Home j

From Day to Day.

A THANKSGIVING TO GOD FOR HIS
HOUSE.

I-ord, Thou hast given me a cell.

Wherein to dwell ;

A little house, whose humble roof
Is weather-proof;

Under the sparres of which I lie
Both soft and drie;

Where Thou, my chamber for to ward
Has set a guard

Of harmless thoughts, to watch and keep
Me while I sleep.

Low is my porch, as is m.v fate ;

Both voide of state ;

And yet the threshold of my doore
Is worn by the poore.

Who thither come, and freely get
Good words or meat.

Like as my parlour, so my hall
And kitchen's small ;

A little butterie, and therein
A little byn,

Which keeps my little loafe of bread
Unchipt, unflead ;

Some brittle sticks of thorne or brier

Make me a fire.

Close by whose living coale I sit.

And glow like it.

Lord, 'tis Thy plenty-dropping hand
That soiles my land.

And giv'st me for my bushell sowne
Twice ten for one.

Thou mak’st my teeming hen to lay
Her egg each day ;

The while the conduits of my kine
Run creame for wine ;

All these, and better. Thou dost send
Me, to this end.

That I should render for my part
A thankful heart ;

Which, fired with incense, I resigne
As wholly Thine;

But the acceptance, that must be
My Christ, by Thee.

Robert Herrick (1591-1674).

*

Among cold-weather garments for ex¬
tra warmth are Angora vests, cardigan
jackets, gloves, etc. They are light, soft
and fleecy, all the articles seen being of
a rich dark brown. A woman’s sleeve¬
less Angora vest costs $7.50; men’s jack¬
ets $15 and higher.

*

Many good housekeepers can pumpkin
in advance of Thanksgiving, sealing like
any other canned vegetable. It is merely
boiled and sealed while hot; then when
used it is drained, sifted, and mixed with
the other ingredients. It is a good plan
to make this preparation for the later

Winter, when the pumpkins are less likely
to keep in good condition.

*

A set consisting of bed shoes and hot-
water bottle cover to match make a gift
appreciated by an invalid or elderly per¬
son. They are made of eiderdown flannel,
the shoes lined with flannel of a con¬
trasting color, with ribbon ties. Only
those who have tried them know how
much comfort a chilly person gains by the
use of these fleecy bed shoes.

*

Pumpkin custards are delicious, and do
away with the under crust many people
dislike in a pumpkin pie. They require
one quart of hot milk, a large cup of
strained squash or pumpkin, a teaspoonful
of butter and one of salt, a cupful of
sugar in which half a teaspoonful of cin¬
namon and a pinch of ginger have been

IS WITH US.

mixed, and three eggs beaten light. Mix
pumpkin and milk, add other ingredients,
the eggs last, pour into custard cups
which must be set in a pan of hot water.
Bake until firm, about half an hour, test¬
ing with a knife blade. If it comes out
clean they are done. Serve ice-cold.

*

Recent requests for a churn suitable
for making small quantities of butter
bing to mind the “household butter-
maker” offered by some department
stores. It consists of a glass jar, holding
from one to four quarts, with a metal
screw top, and contains a double-action
paddle, operated by a wheel crank on top,
after the manner of an egg beater. It
is said to bring butter quickly, and is
also useful for beating eggs, or mayon¬
naise, and whipping cream. This “but¬
ter-maker” costs from $1 to $2.50, accord¬
ing to size. Small dasher churns of
porcelain-lined agate ware are also seen;
they have wooden lid and dasher, and
hold from one to three gallons. We do
not know anything of their durability, but
they are light in weight, and may be
easily cleaned.

*

Here is a recipe, from the Pilgrim, for
a “pilgrim pie,” which sounds quite good
enough to eat : Cut a two-pound piece of

fresh pork into dice, after it is cooked,
and prepare the following crust : One
pint mashed potatoes, one-half teaspoonful
salt, one tablespoonful butter, one-fourth
teaspoonful pepper, one-fourth cup of
milk, one level teaspoonful baking-powder,
and enough flour to make a crust which
can be easily rolled out one inch thick.
Put alternate layers, in a baking-dish, of
the diced pork, raw oysters, minced pars¬
ley, a light dusting of Summer savory,
finely shredded onion, with salt and pep¬
per to suit, and one tablespoonful butter;
cover with a brown sauce; fit a cover of
the potato biscuit and bake in hot oven
20 minutes. Five minutes before it is fin¬
ished draw out, cover with fine cracker
crumbs mixed with one egg; return to the
oven to finish browning; garnish with
parsley. This potato crust is excellent
for any meat pie.

*

On page 71S we reprinted a fugitive
poem entitled “There is No Death,” which
has long been familiar, being credited to
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the novelist
(Lord Lytton of Knebworth). We now
learn from the Indianapolis News that
the verses are by an American author.
Says a correspondent of that paper:

This blunder originated very oddly. Some¬
thing like half a century ago, J. I.. McCreery
was a young reporter on a daily paper at
Dubuque, la. One day he wrote and printed
in his paper, without signature, the poem,
‘There Is No Death.’ An editor in the neigh¬
boring town of Galena, Ill., copied it without
credit. Another editor saw it in the Galena
paper supposed it was written by the editor,
whose name happened to be Bulmer, and re¬
printed it, assigning it to Bulmer. A third
editor, somewhere, who knew nothing of Bul¬
mer, saw the poem, naturally supposed that
the name Bulmer was a misprint for Bulwer,
then one of the best-known names in litera¬
ture. and reprinted it with Bulwer as the
author.

This error was perpetuated, and al¬
though some years later Mr. McCreery
published a volume of poetry, including
this poem, it continued to reappear at
intervals with the wrong authorship ap¬
pended. For many years it has been our
habit to collect stray poems, old and new,

and we often find that with every wish to
credit the source from which such verse
is derived, its origin is often obscured,
and proper credit cannot always be given.

The

Delicious
Fragrance

from a hot
Royal Baking
Powder biscuit
whets the
appetite

OYAL Baking Powder
improves the flavor and
adds to the healthful¬
ness of all risen flour-foods.
It renders the biscuit, bread
and cake more digestible and
nutritious.

Royal Baking Powder
makes hot breads wholesome.
Food raised with Royal will
not distress persons of deli¬
cate or enfeebled digestion,
though eaten warm and fresh.

THANKSGIVING

COD LIVER OIL

AND MORE.
Some physicians will ques¬
tion the value of raw cod
liver oil in wasting diseases,
but they won’t question the
value of Scotts Emulsion.
Scott’s Emulsion is more
than cod liver oil. It’s half
digested before the patient
"ets it. Raw cod liver oil is

O

a severe tax on the stomach
of even a healthy person.
Scott’s Emulsion contains
glycerine and the valuable
hypophosphites of lime and
soda. There’s food in these
for bone, muscle and tissue.
Raw cod liver oil offers no
such combination.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Around the World

“ I have used your Fish
Brand Slickers for years
in the Hawaiian Islands
and found them the only
article that suited. I am
now in this country
(Africa) and think a great
deal of your coats.”

(name on application)

niCnEST AWARD WORLD'S FAIR. ISO t.

The world=wide reputa¬
tion of Tower’s Water=
proof Oiled Clothing
assures the buyer of
the positive worth of
all garments bearing
this Sign of the Fish.

A. J. TOWER CO., Boston, U. S. A.

TOWER CANADIAN CO., LIMITED,
353 Toronto, Canada.

Make your own soap

and save money

Cheaper than buying it and you get
the purest and best soap that can be
made. Free from rosin, clay and other
adulterants, and doesn’t harm the skin or
make clothes yellow.

Easily made — no boiling or large kettles
— in ten minutes with a 10-cent can of

Banner Lye

and 5l/2 lbs. of clean kitchen grease. That
gives you 10 pounds of best hard soap or
20 gallons of pure soft soap.

Banner Lye has lots of
Mhcr uses. It thoroughly

cleans and disinfects

every room in the
house and insures free¬
dom from dirt and dis¬
ease germs. Great for
washing milk-pails and
butter-tubs, and for
cleaning the dairy.

Banner Lye is not
old-style lye. Odorless
and colorless; packed
in patent safety cans that are easy to open
and prevent waste.

Batuier Lye is sold by your grocer or druggist.
Write to us for free booklet. " Uses of Banner Lye '

The Penn Chemical Works Philadelphia U SA

Well Lathered

is half shaved. No man
can be well lathered with¬
out the rich, thick
lather of

WILLIAMS’

SHAVIN8

SOAP

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for “The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

ThisGrandSolo
Accordeon for
8 e 1 1 i n g SiiS
packageslSlu-
ingat lUccnts.
It’s a beauty. Ten keys, two stops,
ebonized case, double bellows, pro¬
tectors and clasps. You can earn It
in a day We tru*t you. Send
for Bluing, sell the packagesatlOcts.
and return us the money. Then we
send vou the Accordeon. We also

_ give Violins, Guitars, Mandolins,

Graphophones and SOother elegant presents. Writeto-day.

True blue Co., Dept. 287, Boston, mass.

S5 TO S20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditiotis of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

II. F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry.. Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. 0.

3905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

857

The Winter Reading.

The home reading should never be
planned merely on the basis of what pub¬
lishers call the “best sellers.’’ Many pop¬
ular books are entirely ephemeral; many
contribute nothing to our knowledge, and
have no direct bearing upon personal cul¬
ture. This does not mean that our read¬
ing should always be of a serious or
“heavy” type, but that we should exclude
books that are merely worthless — and
worthlessness does not always imply that
they are vicious. Such books are the
tramps and idlers of literature, whose so¬
ciety weakens the mental fiber even when
it does not debase it. Unfortunately it
is hard to escape this class of reading,
for it is ever with us — the newspapers are
flagrant offenders, and the popular maga¬
zines are little better. But in buying
books at least we can keep out of such
society.

In planning for a Winter’s reading, we
should try to include history (remember¬
ing that it is often a record of personal
prejudice as well as past events) ; biogra¬
phy. science and nature study. We should
not exclude fiction, for it has its place in
any course of reading, but it should come
in as an accessory rather than a principal.
In historical reading we often find good
fiction valuable in sustaining interest and
widening ideas,, but we must remember
that there is a vast difference between
historical fiction by great writers, and the
over drawn, hysterical work too often
quoted as among “the six best sellers.”
For example, if reading Carlyle’s “French
Revolution,” it would be well to supple¬
ment it with Dickens* “Tale of Two
Cities,” while still another view is given
by Felix Gras, in “The Reds of the Midi”
and its sequel "The Terror.”

In nature study, most publishers offer
special lists, including birds, butterflies
and other insects,, familiar animals, plants,
etc. Where young people seem to care
little for such books, it is often possible
to arouse interest by giving them books
of foreign travel first; Du Chaillu’s ex¬
plorations in Africa, such as “The Land
of the Dwarfs” and “My Apingi King¬
dom,” always prove attractive. Among
new books nothing can be much more
thrilling than Dr. C. G. Schillings’ ac¬
count of photographing wild beasts in
their own homes, “With Flash-Light and
Rifle.” Some of the writers who have
won distinction by photographing bears
and bobcats will look with envy upon the
man who got short-range pictures of lions,
tigers, hippopotamuses, etc.

Books about animals are now so many
that a modern list is easily extended to
unwieldy limits. Among dog books we
still regard Dr. John Brown’s classic “Rab
and Flis Friends” as the very best we
know; “Bob, Son of Battle.” by Alfred
Ollivant, and “Diomed,” by John Sergeant
Wise, are worthy companions for it. A
good many modern animal stories err, to
our mind, in crediting the animals with
such human sentiment that the sorrow
and tragedy of woodland life overshadow
everything else, and their influence does
■not seem to us entirely wholesome. “The
Heart of the Ancient Wood.” by Charles
G. D. Roberts, is one of the finest wood¬
land stories we know; “The Blazed Trail,”
by Stewart Edward White, will also be
found absorbing. “The Enchanted For¬
est,” by the same author, is a capital book
for children from eight to 12 or 14;
“Sportsman Joe” and “Trapper Jim,” by
Edwyn Sa-ndys, also belong to this cate¬
gory. “Orchard-land” and “Outdoor-
land,” by Robert W. Chambers, are stories
of insects, birds and animals that will be
especially interesting to children aged
from six to 12.

We often think that American history
is taught in an uninteresting way in many
of our schools; young people are im¬
pressed with the picturesque romance of
foreign lands, while all unheeding of the
same features at home. Few are familiar
with the explorations of Radisson, the
young Frenchman who visited the Mis¬
sissippi 20 years before La Salle, and
roved from the Missouri to Hudson’s
Bay a century before Lewis and Clark.
Flis story is told in “The Pathfinders of
the West,” by A. C. Laut. which contains
much new material, including some re¬
ceived by Parkman too late to include
in his great work on England and France
in North America ; no story of adventure
could be more fascinating. “ The Jour¬
neys of La Salle and His Companions,”
edited by Prof. Cox, and “Voyages and
Explorations of Samuel de Champlain,
will give further impressions of New
World exploration, and a long list could
be compiled in this line.

Older readers, who are interested in the
United States as a colonizing power
would do well to read “Colonial Admin¬
istration in the Far East.” by Alleyne Ire¬
land, F. R. G. S., which tells how other
nations meet similar problems to those
confronting us in the Philippines, “Mod¬

ern India,” by W. E. Curtis, and “Egypt,
Burma and British Malaysia,” by the
same author, give the impressions of a
newspaper man who makes no pretense
to fine writing, but they are vivid, force¬
ful and instructive. The general reader
will find in these volumes much that he
ought to know, and much matter un¬
familiar to the average American.

Every reader should include biography
and autobiography, especially when tak¬
ing the form of life and letters of some
famous person. If he reads several be¬
longing to the same period, the reader
acquires many side lights upon history
and human progress. One of these books,
which gave us great pleasure recently,
was “Life and Letters of T. H. Huxley,”
edited by his son, which outlines the
progress of science during the Victorian
period, while presenting the human and
lovable side of the great naturalist. The
recent autobiography of Huxley’s friend,
Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, “My Life, a
Record of Events and Opinions, would
supplement the former book, and would
also arouse the desire to read something
of Dr. Wallace’s travels and explorations
in South America and Malaysia. “The
Malay Archipelago,” published more than
20 years ago, still remains one of the most
fascinating books of travel in the Eng¬
lish language.

If the feminine portion of the family
desires biography more in line with their
interests, we may suggest three of special
value; "Life and Letters of Mrs. Delany,”
“Life of Maria Edgeworth.” and “Auto¬
biography of Mrs. M. O. W. Oliphant.”
These three books cover nearly two cen¬
turies of English social life, for Mrs. De¬
lany was born in 1700, and Mrs. Oliphant
died in 1S97. Mrs. Delany was a great
lady whose early associations were en¬
tirely those of rank and fashion, but
whose truest happiness was attained in
her second marriage as the wife of a quiet
clergyman; Miss Edgeworth becomes
known less as the famous writer than as
the affectionate and devoted daughter,
while Mrs. Oliphant toiled to the last
days of her busy life for the comfort of
those dependent upon her. Their lives
are not only instructive, but entertaining
in a high degree.

Soft Crullers. — Heat a pint of water
in a saucepan, and when quite warm mix
with it, a little at a time, three-quarters
of a pound of sifted flour. Set half a
pound of fresh butter over the fire until
it becomes soft, then stir in into the flour
and water and add half a pound of pow¬
dered sugar and half a nutmeg grated.
Remove the saucepan from the fire and
with a wooden soatula beat the contents
until thoroughly mixed. Whip six eggs
until very light and fold them into the
mixture. Flour a dough-board well, then
form the batter into rings upon it. This
may be easiest accomplished by passing
it through a screw funnel. When trans¬
ferring the crullers from the board to the
hot fat use a very broad-bladed knife.

How To Always Make Good
Bread At Home

MRS. HOUSEKEEPER, do you know the one
thing about making bread which, if improperly
done, spoils your batches of bread, breaks
housewives' hearts, and makes bread making
seem a mysterious occult science?

It Isn't the recipe, for there are very few recipes
which won't lay the foundation of good bread.

And it isn't the materials — for most materials are
usually pure.

And housewives have been known to get poor bread
even when they’ve used the very best materials— isn't
that so ?

Now, the most important thing about bread making
is in mixing the flour and liquids and in kneading the
dough.

And what makes that so important is those wonder¬
ful little plants we call Yeast.

For yeast, you know, when properly combined with
the flour, plus ordinary air, produces an element
which makes the dough "raise.”

So that the yeast and the air must be uniformly
mixed with the flour or the dough won’t "raise” uni¬
formly. That’s easy to understand, isn't it?

Consequently, in kneading dough, you have to see
that the yeast is thoroughly mixed with the flour and
that there is plenty of air all through the dough.

Now, to do this by hand is next to impogsible, for
you must pound and knead the dough thirty minutes
— the hardest work a woman can do.

Then, if the mixture isn't right, all your hard work
is for naught, and no human hand can always insure
the right mixture— no matter how experienced that hand
may be.

That’s why only one woman in a thousand can make
delicious home made bread— and why so few women care
to try to make their own bread.

Yet, it's so easy to make delicious home made bread if you
use the Universal Bread Maker. With the Universal you do
not require any previous knowledge of breadmaking— all you
have to do is to prepare your liquid, containing the yeast, sift
your flour, then pour in all the liquid then all the flour— then turn
the handle for only three minutes.

Think of that— only 3 minutes. At the end of that time the rod of the

“Universal’Bread Maker

the most important part of the Bread Maker, an exclusive feature we have protected by patents
in every country on the globe— will have thoroughly and scientifically mixed the yeast with the
flour so that the minute yeast plants are in close touch with all the tiny particles of the flour.

Then the dough will be folded over itself so that plenty of air will be put into it. You see when the
Universal Bread Maker has folded the air into the dough this air surrounds each yeast and flour
particle, causing the bread to thoroughly "raise.” Because the air, yeast and flour form the gas
that makes dough "raise.”

You couldn’t do these things by hand, or with any other Bread Maker than the Universal,
for there’s no way of kneading dough scientifically and thoroughly, other than by the LTniversal
Bread Maker. And there’s no disagreeable work— no pounding— or slapping— no back straining.

The Universal Bread Maker invariably makes most delicious home-made bread at the mere
cost of 2i4c a pound loaf. You pay the baker at least 5c a pound loaf— for just bakers’ bread.

If you use only two loaves of bread a day or 730 a year the Universal Bread Maker will save
you at least 518.25 a year, or 9 times
its cost— the retail price is only 52.00.

You can buy the Universal Bread
Maker at your local dealer’s.

We have a book on the Universal
Bread Maker, telling what it does and
why it saves at least 518.25 a year,
which we’ll gladly send you free.

Just drop us a postal. Address

Landers, Frary & Clark,

68 Commercial St., New Britain, Conn.

Save Half Your Fuei

BY USING TMB

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR.

Fits any Stove or Furnace.
Write for booklet on beating homes.

Rochester Radiator Co.

\5J Furnace SU, Rochester,!*'. Y*

Prlcefrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
■wood or gas.

Monarch

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
saw mills, tliresh-

_ _ ers. Catalog free.

Monarch Machinery Co., Room 161, 39CortlandtSLNewYork.

i

See this new Washer?
I’ll Loan it to You

I KNOW you’ve never seen a Washer like this one.

Because, it has just been invented— and I tell you it is a
world-beater.

I call it our “Gravity” Washer.

"Gravity,” you know, is what makes a stone roll down hill.

And our new Washer is called the “Gravity” because it works
itself by almost the same principle as the rolling stone.

You throw the clothes into a tub of soapy water, start off the
machine, and the “Gravity” does nearly all the rest.

I don’t mean that it washes all the dirty clothes without a little
help from you— mind that !

You must throw the clothes into the tub, by hand, and start off the
machine working, by hand, and stay beside it while it drives the
soapy water to and fro through the clothes.

Then you must, — in about Six minutes after the “Gravity” has
been washing— stop the tub, and run the washed clothes through the
Wringer, by hand.

So, you see, it isn’t £ll play. There’s some work left for the
Woman.

But she can wash a tub full of very dirty clothes with this new
Gravity Washer in less than Six minutes by the clock.

And she can wash them with her Head— her brains— instead of
with her hands, because she makes the Machine do the work. She
hasrflt got to bend over a steaming tub of suds, or work one of those
back-breaking threshing-machines they call "Washers’’ in the hard¬
ware stores.

The “Gravity Washer” won't tear the finest piece of lace— it won’t
break a button — nor it won't wear the thinnest white clothes.

Because, all the washing is done by driving soapy water through
the threads of the dirty clothes.

And this is done chiefly by “Gravity”— by the same thing that
makes a stone roil down hill.

Now, I want to loan one of these "Gravity Washers,” to any respon¬
sible person, for a month, just so you can prove what 1 say tc be true.

I don’t want a penny from you for the month’s use of it, unless
you decide to keep it after that.

If you find it saves its own cost you may pay, after each Wash¬
ing, 50c a week for it, or 52.00 a month.

But you need not decide on keeping it till after you’ve tested it
in four Washings, viz., a Month,— free of charge.

I will pay the freight to your railroad station at my own expense,
and my own risk— and I don’t ask a penny of security from you.

If you feel that you can do without the "Gravity Washer” after

you’ve used it a month I will take it back from you, without a
penny from you, or a growl from me.

Yes, — and I’ll pay the freight back too — at my own expense.

Now, how could I make anything out of that deal if our
ncw“Gravity Washer” wouldn’t really do so much better, quicker,
easier, cheaper work for you that you couldn't do without it?

I want to loan you ibis Washer for a month’s trial free.

And, I hope you will show it to your neighbors when you get it.

Write me today if you want it Address plainlv — ■

R. F . Bieber, Treasurer, 1900 Washer Co., 5127 Henry St.,
Binghamton, N. Y., or 355 Yonge St.. Toronto, Ont.

858

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25,

A Thanksgiving Matchmaking.

I suppose every woman that ever was
born is at heart a matchmaker, only in
some of them it is latent, as the phrenolo¬
gists say when they find some one that
ought to be very remarkable in some line,
only isn't. And old maids are no excep¬
tion in this respect, unless they are soured,
and I’m not sour, thank Heaven!

Being an old maid of some forty years
standing — for they tell me I showed signs
of old maidishness when 1 was a baby —
and having had this matchmaking pro¬
pensity latent all that time, is it any won¬
der that it sprang into activity the minute
1 got Silas Dale’s letter asking me if he
might come and eat his Thanksgiving
dinner with me?

Before I answered him I put on my
things and took the electrics to Vernon
Centre and went to see Alicia Dean. I
asked her if she’d take dinner with me on
Thanksgiving day, and when she accepted
my invitation I could actually almost see
her wedding invitations, and I went home
and wrote Silas that he might come.

Now if Alicia had refused, I really be¬
lieve I’d have told Silas that I had a pre¬
vious engagement, and then things
wouldn’t have happened the way they did,
though of course I might have hunted
around among my acquaintances and
found a second best match for him. And
even then things wouldn’t have happened
as they did, either. You see I’d always
thought an awful sight of Silas, and when
he went off West to practice law, I sup¬
pose I felt as bad as anybody did to have
him go, — in an old-maidish way, of course.
We’d written to each other once a vear,
telling all the news that was interesting,
and of course I knew how well he’d pros¬
pered, and how he wa’n’t married yet. It
has always struck me as being an awful
waste of good material for a Ijkely man
that would make a good husband and
could give a woman a nice home, to stay
single, and I hate waste. And thinking
so much of Silas, I’d felt as if he wa’n’t
living up to his opportunities off West
there, and it was kind of a disappoint¬
ment to me, his falling short of what he
ought to be, so. Rut now he was coming
East, I saw how 1 could put him in the
way of making up for his past deficiencies.

Alicia Dean was and is my best friend.
She’s about my age. but she’s a widow.
Everybody knows that the reason old
maids are such is because they’ve never
had a chance to be anything else, but with
widows it’s different. You’ve seen these
women with charm, — the thing they de¬
scribe in the newspapers. It is indescrib¬
able, and every woman must cultivate it if
she expects to win a husband or keep him
after he is won. but it is something no
woman can cultivate if it isn’t born in her.
Well, Alicia had it, as near as I can figure
it out. You had a feeling that if she
didn’t marry any marriageable man in
town, it wasn’t because she hadn’t been
asked. That’s the difference between old
maids and widows.

Besides having this ‘‘indescribable thing
called charm,” — which as a general thing I
don’t take much stock in, — Alicia was an
awful good, sensible woman. She’d had
a pretty tough time with her husband,
which I took it was the reason she hadn’t
made a second venture, but I had a feel¬
ing that Silas would find it easy to over¬
come all her fears and objections. I was
so pleased when I thought of how happy
I was going to make them both that I
fairly hugged myself. There’s no use
talking; it’s easy to see how some folks
gets into the matchmaking habit. It's
like strong drink and goes to the head.
But of course I knew I’d got to have a
fourth one in my Thanksgiving party, for
three’s a crowd and I never like to be the
one that isn’t wanted. So after I’d got
Silas and Alicia off my mind, I called up
Philip Alden on the telephone. Philip is
my nearest neighbor, and being a lone
woman I’d thought it advisable to fix
things so I could call on a good strong
man in case of need, so I’d put in a tele¬
phone over to his house. I never'd used
it much, though in Winter evenings we’d
often have long talks together when it got
a little lonesome. He lived by himself,
too. It’s surprising how many men and
women there are in this town that live
that way; I’m going to count ’em up some
day.

Philip and I were good friends, and
having the telephone was a great t conveni¬
ence when we wanted to talk together, for
it saved worrying the neighbors, and I
hate to have the neighbors fretting about
my affairs. Philip was another case of
the waste of good material, but I never
thought of trying my matchmaking hand
on him, for he did not seem to have, as
far as I could see, any more sentiment
than a clothespin. Well, when he said
he’d come over Thanksgiving day. I felt
that the first part of my programme was
arranged and I could give my mind to the
other part.

Thanksgiving day was clear and cold,
and I was glad of that. I expected Silas
at about 10, and by that time I had every¬
thing ready for my company. I’m not one
to get nervous about my work and I never

let it drive me. My house was full of
sunshine and good smells that day. In
the kitchen there was the flavor of sage
and onions and cooking meat. I had a
pudding baking in the northeast corner of
my oven, a spare-rib in the southeast cor¬
ner, and in front of them two fowls were
roasting, for I knew Silas preferred chick¬
en to turkey, and besides, turkey was ex¬
tra dear at that time. In the dining room
the table was all set, with my best table¬
cloth that shone like satin, and some of
Grandmother’s old dishes and her thin
silver spoons. There was the smell of
celery there. Then in the sitting room
I had a fire in the open fireplace. I’d had
Philip come over and put in the biggest
backlog he could get in, and the fire I’d
started made the room warm and cheerful.
My old “calico” cat sat purring on the
arm of my favorite chair. "File canary
in one south window sang softly, There
was holly and ground pine about the
room, and the hemlock I’d gone and got
that morning smelled sweet, as did the
heliotrope in the other south window.

Well, it wasn’t long before I saw Silas
coming, a-nd I went to the door to meet
him. He’d changed some, and I had too,
I suppose, but after we’d shaken hands
and had come in and sat down by the fire
we forgot all about that. It did seem
good to see him again, and we both talked
fast,- as we used to do. Then, pretty soon,
I saw Alicia coming. I was glad, foi¬
l’d got to go to the kitchen pretty soon,
and I wanted to leave them alone some.
She looked awfully pretty when she came
in. Her cheeks were pink, but her nose
never turns red the way mine does in cold
weather. I got my two visitors to talking
and then I went off and left them, and
when I got hack Philip was just knock¬
ing at the door. We four sat together for
come time, till I had to go and get the
dinner on to the table. It made me un¬
easy to leave Philip there making the
third that's a crowd, and besides 1 needed
some one to help me a little. So I called
to him. A minute late who should come
walking out hut Silas.

“I called Philip,” I said. “I wanted
him to help me a little.”

“Did you ?” he said. “I must have mis¬
understood. But 1 can help you just as
well as he can.”

He couldn’t, but I saw he was deter¬
mined to stay, and he was so good-natured
and cheerful about hindering me that I
couldn’t send him back into the other
room. So I hurried things on to the table
and called Philip and Alicia out to sit
dov'n to dinner.

It was a great success in every way, if
I do say it. The chickens — I'd raised
them myself — were tender, and the rib
roast was delicious. The gravies and
stuffings were just right, and the onions
and squash and turnip and potatoes were
cooked and seasoned as they ought to be.
As for the pudding and pies and the nuts

ideal Sport
A Fine Day
A Good Dog

and

I r*.

arms

It’s just as natural for r
a girl to want to shoot ‘
as for a boy. It does her
just as much good. Gives
her healthy, invigorating
outdoor exercise,
quickensher eye, steadies
her nerve, and makes
her self-reliant.

Catalog Free

describing“Stevens"
guns of every sort /

and style, for hunter, j
marksman, girl or boy. 140 ||
pages. Sent free to
any one interested
in guns, sending 4 cents in stamps to
) Cover postage.

If your dealer cannot supply you,
write to us.

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO.

200 High Street
Chlcopea Falls, Mass., tJ. S.A.

n

IEDDystoNE

PRINTS

Above all things

children’s dresses should be made of material
that wears well and looks well.

Simpson - Eddystone Prints will stand lots
of hard wear and still look fresh and bright.

As for your own clothes — can you get goods
that will be too full of quality and style ?

Our calicoes have been the standard of the
United States for 62 years, and every piece
that we send out is fully up to that standard.

Ask your dealer for Simpson- Eddy stone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo-
Blues and Silver-Greys, Shepherd Plaid Effects
and a large variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

■ in iii 111 iiiairMWMBaw— — — — — — — ——f

FURNITURE from fhe ST. LOUIS' WORLD’S FAIR

We bouKht the entire $60,000,000
WORLD’S FAIR, and now offer von
the (uruitnre that came from that
great Exposition. A wonderful op¬
portunity to obtain elegant furniture
at one-half the price you would pay
at retail. It is mostly new. repre¬
senting exhibitors’ earn pies, furnish¬
ings of Offices, Barracks, Hotels, For¬
eign and State Buildings, etc. '"All
shipped in first-class condition.
Kitchen Cabinets, just like illus¬
tration, all nicely golden f 0 7R
oak finished, each . . . tPUi I w
Send forour500-page FREE Illus¬
trated Catalog No. F. A. 57 on
Material from the World’s Fair,
also Lumber, Plumbing Material,
Heating Apparatus. Roofing, Wire,
Hardware, Clothing. Fornitare,
Shoes, General Merchandise, etc.

Chicago House Wrecking Co., 36th A Iron Sts., Chicago

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Oonkey. Prin.

AGENTS WANTED

FOR

THE STANDARD

Self-filling, Self-cleaning

Foixntain Pen.

ACTIVE, NOW, for CHRISTMAS

Manufacturer’s Agent,

255 W. 104th Street and Broadway.
Room 1, New York.

$

QR for this large
handsome
steel range

without high closet or reservoir. With
high warming closet and reservoir, just as
shown in cut, SI 3.95. Roaervolr is
porcelain lined. 1 Icavy cast top with 6 full
Size cooking holes. Large oven, regular
8-18 size. The body is made of cold
rolled steel, top and all castings of best
iron. Crate; we use im-
duplex grate, burns
orcoal. Nickel band
on front of main top; brack¬
ets and tea shelves on closet;
band and ornament on reser¬
voir; oven door, etc. Highly
polished, making the range
an ornament in any home.

OUR TERMS’

QC for this
Oak
Heater

just as illustrated. Burns
hard or soft coal or wood.
Has drawn center grate,
corrugated fire pot, cold
rolled sheet steel body,
heavy cast base, large cast
feed door, ash pit door and
ash pan, swing top, screw
draft-regulator. Polished
urn, nickel top ring, name
plate, foot rails, etc.

We have heating
stoves of every kind.
Hot l>last, air tights, the
kind thatretails for $3.00,
for 80c. Base burners
at Y> the regular price.

•re the most liberal ever
made. We will shipyou any

or stove, guarantee it to be perfect in construction and ma-
we guarantee it to reach you in perfect condition. You can

pay for it after you receive it. You can take It Into your own home
and use It 30 full days. If you do not find it exactly as represent¬
ed and perfectly satisfactory in every way, the biggest bargain in a stove you ever saw or heard of, equal to stoves that retail for
double our price, you can return it to us and we will pay freight both ways, so you won’t be out one single cent.

mT|||C 11) flllT send it to us and we will mail you our free Stove Catalog. Shows over 80 styles stoves and
liDlw nil U U I f ranges; explains our terms fully, tells you how to order. Don’t buy a stove of any kind un*
til you get our large Stove catalog for 1905 and 1906 ilARIflll CM ITU OH OKIIOAPO

and seo our liberal terms and lowost prices ever made. IVIAVlflU V ml 1*1 vUl VillvAUUa

Winchester

“NEW RIVAL”

BLACK POWDER SHELLS

The most successful hunters shoot Win¬
chester “New Rival” Factory Loaded
Shotgun Shells, blue in color, because they
can kill more game with them. Try them
and you will find that they are sure fire,
give good pattern and penetration and are
satisfactory in every way. Be sure and
get Winchester Factory Loaded “ New
Rival” Shells. Don’t accept any substitute.

ALL DEALERS SELL THEM

REPEATING SHOT CUD.

NEmSoDEt NBI7

• li the cheapest good gun yet niade. By theomlssion of the take down feature we have
been able to greatly reduce the cost of production and at the same time have kept the gun up to the
famous high //ear// si standard of strength, safety and durability. Notice the clean simplicity of
this gun. The workmanship and finish are perfect. The weight is only 7 pounds. The full choke
96.x • t,re rjf:cla y p°recl for smokeless^ as well as black powder and so chambered that 2'% inch or
1' trh j l 5 niay, Pe used.. Several improvements in the operating parts make it the easiest, most
reliable and best working gun in existence. We are glad to make it possible for every lover of guns
ana bird shooting to get this high grade repeating shot gun at so low a price.

Have your dealer order it for you.

Send for the fflar/in Catalogue and Experience Book to-day. Free for 3 stamps.

77ze firearms filisTwaw Street, New Haven, Ct.

BUILD UP yosutTen;,h withd

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE.

a pleasant, potent, and permanent invig orator
SST for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN,

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

r

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

859

and fruit and coffee, they were as good
as I ever saw. And how those men did
eat ! It really almost scared me, but after
all it wasn’t to be wondered at. There
was Philip had been living on his own
cooking — if such it could be called — and
Silas for years had been eating nobody
knows what outlandish things ’way off
West there, — sauerkraut and Roquefort
cheese and all such. horrors, most likely.
We were very sociable and jolly, and I'm
ashamed to say how long we sat there
talking after we got through eating, but
finally we sent the men off for a walk, and
Alicia and I cleared away and did up the
dishes. When we got together again in
the sitting room, I racked my brains to
think how I could get Philip and myself
out of the way so as to give my match¬
making scheme a chance to work. The
best I could do for an excuse was feeding
the hens, so I said, as I got up and went
out of the room, “Come, Philip, and look
at my hens ; there’s one of them that acts
a little queer, and I’d like to know what
you think of her.

I heard some one coming, but when I
stepped out of the door and looked
around, there was Silas. Ple’d taken my
shawl down from the peg behind the door,
and he put it around me. “Philip can
diagnose your hen’s disease at any time,”
he said, “but I don’t have a chance to
talk with you every day.”

Then he tucked my arm in his and be¬
gan walking me back and forth between
the row of rhubarb plants on one side of
the yard and the currant and gooseberry
bushes on the other.

“Do you suppose you could make up
your mind to leave New England and go
out West to live?” asked Silas.

“Well,” I said, “I can generally make
up my mind to most anything if I have
to, — and be contented too, — but I don’t see
any call for me to do that.”

“There is a call,” said Silas. “In all
the time I’ve been away, Mehitable,” he
said, “I’ve ofte-n thought of getting a
wife, but somehow you have always come
between me and the women of my ac¬
quaintance out there, and they have suf¬
fered by comparison. So I carqe to see if
I could persuade you to go back with me
as my wife.”

My impulse was to say he could, but my
common sense and good judgment made
me say instead, “You are very kind, Silas,
but I think you are making a mistake.
You must have been idealizing me all
these years. I’ve grown old, and I’m not
and never was handsome. We’ve had a
very pleasant day together, and don’t you
think it it is the part of wisdom for you
to go back and marry some one you like
and have not idealized ?”

“No, I don’t.” he answered promptly.
“I think it is the part of wisdom for us
to have this day as a starting point and
have pleasant days together as long as we
both shall live.”

Well, I never did such a thing before,
but I forgot to feed my hens that night.
But then, I never had got engaged before,
either, so perhaps it wasn’t to be won¬
dered at.

It was- growing cold, and just as the
sun sank from sight we went back into
the sitting room. And what do you think !
we found another engaged couple there.

We sat in the twilight, Alicia and Philip
on one side of the fire and Silas and I on
the other. I presume they held each
other’s hands and I suppose they were as
happy as we were, though that doesn’t
seem hardly possible.

So that is how I came out on my
Thanksgiving matchmaking. I gave it up
then and there, for when you’ve made
your plans and worked hard to carry
them out, and they go exactly opposite to
what you expect, it is rather upsetting.
Moreover, when you are terribly thankful
that your plans didn’t come out the way
you wanted them to, it is still more up¬
setting. I am a firm believer in giving
thanks — every day in the year — but as for
matchmaking, I don’t want anything
whatever to do with it.

SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS.

Thanksgiving Cakes.

Inexpensive Fruit Cake. — Sift to¬
gether two cupfuls of flour, a level table¬
spoonful of cocoa, a level teaspoonful of
cinnamon and half a level teaspoonful
each of nutmeg, cloves and soda. Mix
three-quarters of a cupful each Qf seeded
raisins and cleaned currants, half a cup¬
ful of sliced citron, and a fourth of a cup¬
ful of chopped figs and combine with
half of the flour mixture. Cream half a
cupful of butter and three-quarters of a
cupful of brown sugar, then add in suc¬
cessive order, according to the usual
method of mixing butter cakes, the yolks
of two eggs, the grated rind of a lemon,
half a cupful of molasses, half a cupful
of milk, the flour mixture, the fruit mix¬
ture and the stiffly-beaten whites of two
eggs. Bake in a loaf in a moderate oven.

Imperial Cake. — One pound of sugar,
one pound of flour, three-quarters pound
of butter, one pound of almonds, blanched
and cut fine; one-half pound of citron,
one-quarter pound candied cherries, one-

halt pound of seeded raisins, rind and
juice of one lemon, two pieces of candied
orange, one nutmeg, 10 eggs. Bake in a
loaf in a moderate oven. This is a rich
and delicious cake, that can be made some
time before it is used.

Feather Drops. — Beat three eggs with
one cup of sugar, and when stiff and
frothy stir into the mixture one heaping

5148 Eleven Gored Skirt, 22 to 30 waist.

cup of sifted flour, in which has been
mixed two teaspoon fuls of baking pow¬
der. Drop in spoonfuls on a buttered tin,
and bake in a quick oven. Any desired
flavor may be added.

Nut Drops. — Sift one cup flour with
one cup of brown sugar, one-quarter tea¬
spoon salt, and one teaspoon baking pow¬
der. Chop coarsely one cup walnut
meats, add to the flour and mix to a
paste with two well-beaten eggs and two
tablespoons water. Drop in small heaps
on buttered, paper-lined pan, and bake 15
minutes. Be careful to mix quickly to
insure success.

The Rural Patterns.

The graceful skirt shown is one of this
season’s favorite models. The skirt is cut
in eleven gores and can either be finished
with the plain seams illustrated or with
the seams turned under and stitched in
welt style. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size is 10J/2 yards
27, 6l/i yards 44 or 5 yards 52 inches wide
when material has figure or nap; 7 yards
27, 4J^ yards 44 or 4)4 yards 52 inches
wide when it has not. The pattern 5148
is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30-
inch waist measure; price 10 cents.

A useful long coat, especially if made
of waterproof material, is shown in No.

6173 Misses* Long Coat, 12 to 18 years.

5173. The coat is made with fronts and
back, fitted by means of shoulder and un¬
der-arm seams. The back is laid in tucks
that give the effect of a double box plait
and which are stitched to the waist line,
while the fronts are made snug by means
of darts from the shoulders. There are
comfortable patch pockets and the neck
is finished with a novel flat collar. The
sleeves are among the favorite ones of
the season. The quantity of material re¬
quired for the medium size (14 years) is
6J/2 yards 27, 3J4 yards 44 or 53 inches
wide. The pattern 5173 is cut in sizes
for misses of 12, 14 and 16 years of age;
price 10 cents.

“ A Poor Stove is Not Cheap at any Price"

When it conies to equipment, all we can ask is that you
compare the elegant finish, and time saving adjuncts for
which the

AN

is famous, with any other range you have
in mind to know for a certainty that the
best is none too good for you.

Both the lift plate and the lift hearth
are held up by automatic catches; the top
plate to insure even fire feeding is also ad¬
mirable for broiling, while the hearth does
not swing or slide into the room. This
permits an extra large ash pan to catch all the
ashes and aside from saving frequent emptying,
does not let them heap up to burn out the
grate. Note how doors are removed from fire
box to slide grate out at will, as the grate is
entirely independent of the fire brick for they rest on an independent brick frame
of their own, and not on the grate frame as in most stoves.

Look at the transparent double oven door, how the progress of baking or roasting
may be watched through heavy mica without losing a particle of heat from the oven; and

by pressing your foot on nickel lever the entire oven door swings open with ease. You

know the oven is large enough to bake sixteen 1 lb. loaves at one time. A money and
time saving range because every Sterling “bakes a barrel of flour with a hod of coal, and
you may have seen our baking exhibits.

See how all nickel parts lift right off for blacking the range.

In fact, the unsurpassed cooking qualities of the Sterling come from several patented
features which cannot be incorporated in any other stove. The beautiful exterior does
not qover a single imperfection; there’s quality in every portion of the interior as well as

the outside, and that’s why this range is named the Sterling, because it “has no equal".
Send for our booklet and become convinced that it really is the best range
money can buy. Your dealer will tell you so, if he keeps them; and if
he don’t, we’ll tell you of one who does.

SILL STOVE WORKS, Rochester, N. Y.

Wholesale Prices

Freight

Paid

GOLD COIN RANGES TOO
. at the same liberal offer.

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade for nearly
fifty years. In every town where they are not now on sale, we will sell
direct to the user, the

Gold Coin Stoves

(Ranges also) at their wholesale price, sent on approval, safely de¬
livered, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to put in your home. No
stoves are better made or more highly endorsed. They allow no waste of
fuel; are handsomely ornamented and guaranteed to please you. No stove
offer is made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

and at exactly dealer’s cost. Return at our expense if not satisfied. This
is the first proposition of this kind ever made by a manufacturer of a
Standard Trade-Marked Stove.

An old customer writes: “Gold Coin is good enough for
me. I have used mine 28 years and it's good yet."

Illustrated Catalogue Free describes our full line of Gold Coin

Ranges and Heating Stoves, vVrite for it to-day.

THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successor to Bussey and Mci-cod, Est. I860)

A KALAMAZOO

DIRECT TO YOU

WE PAY THE
FREIGHT

At Lowest Factory Prices.

We will sell you, freight prepaid, direct from our fac¬
tory any Kalamazoo Stove or Range on a

360 Days Approval Test.

We guarantee, under a $20,000 bank bond, that there is
better stove or range made, and we save you from $5 fo
$40 on every purchase, because we save you all middle¬
men’s, jobbers’ and dealers’ profits. We’re manufactur¬
ers, not “mail-order dealers;” we own and operate one of
the largest and best equipped stove factories in the world ;
we guarantee the high quality of our product and ship
on trial.

SEND A POSTAL CARD FOR CATALOGUE No. 114.

Examine our complete line of ranges, stoves and heaters, note the high quality and low
price and save from 20% to 40%. All Kalamazoos are shipped Freight Prepaid,
blacked, polished and ready for use. All our cook stoves and ranges are equipped with
patent Oven Thermometer which makes baking easy.

KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICH.

IP ? probably can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.

Oven
Thermometer I

KEEPYOUR FEET D

Do you know that ordinary rubber wear has but little pure
rubber in it? They are “filled” rubber— largely cheap substi¬
tutes with absolutely no toughness or wear in them. That’s
why they “give way” and leak so soon. There is one kind
not made that way.

Buckskin Brand

Rubber Boots and Shoes

(Awarded the Grand Prize at St. Louis Exposition.)
outwear all other kinds because they are made of abso¬
lutely pure rubber. Moreover, they are reinforced at every

goint where the ordinary kind breaks. Look at the cut.

ee the many thicknesses where the wear comes. Guaranteed
and sold on Ten Days Trial. Be sure you ask your dealer for
Buckskin Brand. They will save you money
and save your health. Trade mark brand on
every boot leg and shoe heel. We’ll sell you
direct, if your dealer does not have them.
Write for book and learn the difference in
wear between all rubber and substitute rub¬
ber. Mailed free.

BANNER RUBBER CO.,

280 Bittner Street, St. Louis,

lio LBS

86o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 25, 1905.

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, November 25, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

A Robber “Cover Crop” . 841

The Care of Farm Machinery . 848

Some California Thrashing: Methods.... 845
Hope Farm Notes... . 849

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Sheep a Cause for Thanksgiving . 837

Dairy Breeds of Cattle . 839

Evolution of Hand Separators . 839

The Hen as a “Snowbird” . 840

Gasoline-Heated Brooder . 840

Notes on the Silo . 843

Care of Colt in Winter . 840

Cactus for Stock . 846

Raw Phosphate Rock for Poultry Manure 847

Care of Brood Sow in Winter . 850

Homely Facts About Dairying . 851

How They Feed Silage . 851

Butter from One Cow . 852

The Balky Horse Problem . 852

HORTICULTURE.

Winter in the Greenhouse . 837, 838

How to Propagate from Cuttings . 838

Top-Working Newtown Pippin Annies. . . 841

Protecting Trees from Mice . 841

Nursery Stock in Winter . 842

How to Save Girdled Trees . 842

Catalpa from Seed . 843

The Ladybird and the Scale . 845

Cedar Rust on Fruit . 845

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 848

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 856

The Winter Reading . 857

Soft Crullers . 857

A Thanksgiving Matchmaking . 858, 859

Thanksgiving Cakes . 859

The Rural Patterns . 859

MISCELLANEOUS.

Publisher's Desk . 844

Getting Rid of Ants . 846

A Story of An Express Package . 855

Farm aud Garden . 855

Business Bits . 855

MARKETS

MILK. — N. Y. Exchange price 3 y, cents
per quart to shippers in 26-cent zone.

BUTTER. — Up one cent. Fancy creamery
scarce. Creamery, extra, 24 ; lower grades,
21 @ 23 Y2 I State dairy. 16 @ 23.

EGGS. — Scarce and higher. Fancy white,
35 (a) 38 ; lower grades, 26 (if 30.

FRESH FRUITS. — Apples, choice table
sorts. 3.50 (a} 5. : common to good. 2 3.

Pears. KielTer, bbl., 1 (fit 3. Quinces, bbl..

1 ( (it 3.50. Grapes. 18-lb. case, 50 (?? 1.25;
4-lb. basket, 10 @ 15. Cranberries, bbl.,

8 (if 13.

VEGETABLES. — Potatoes, choice. 180 lbs.,
2.50 @ 2.75 ; common to good. 2 (if 2.25.
Sweet potatoes, bbl., 1 @ 1.50. Brussels
sprouts; < 1 1 . . 8 (a 12. Carrots, bbl., 75 (</
1.25. Cabbage, red. ton, 22 (if 25; white.
Danish seed. 16 (if 18; domestic seed, 13
@ 16; per 100 heads. 2. 50 <fr 5.00. Celery,
dozen, 15 @ 50. Cauliflowers, bbl.. 1 (57

2.50. Kale, bbl., 50. Lettuce, bbl., 75 (i i
1.25. Mushrooms, lb.. 10 <?? 50. Onions.

Conn., white, bbl., 2.50 <@) 4.50 ; red and
yellow, 1.50 (if 2. Peas, southern, 1,4 -bbl.
basket, 1.50 (St 3.00. String beans, basket,
50 (5) 1.25. Spinach, bbl., 75 (if 1. Squash,
bbl. 50 @ 1. Turnips, ruta baga, bbl., 50
@ 1.

LIVE POULTRY.— Chickens, lb.. 11 : fowls.
11; roosters, 7; turkeys, 14; ducks, pair.
60 @ 85; geese, pair, 1.25 @ 1.75; pigeons,
pair, 25.

DRESSED POULTRY. — Turkeys. 14 (if IS;
fancy chickens, 20 @ 24 ; fair to good. 13
(i? IS; fowls, 12 @ 14; ducks, 10 14; geese,
15 (if 20; squabs, dozen, 1.75 @ 2.50.

LIVE STOCK. — Steers, 4.20 (if 5.50 ; stags
and oxen, 3.25 (if 4,00; bulls. 2 (if 3.60;
cows, 1.40 @ 3.40. Calves, veal. 6 @ 8.75 ;
culls, 3 @ 4. Sheep. 3.50 @ 5.50 ; lambs,

5 @ 7.35. Hogs, 5.50.

FARM CHEMICALS.— Prices named are
for car lots. Single bag lots 10 to 25 per
cent higher. Nitrate of soda, ton, 52: muri¬
ate of potash, 42; acid phosphate. 14; kainit,
12. _ _

THANKSGIVING POULTRY NOTES.

The R. N.-Y. has often referred to the need
of shipping holiday supplies in ample time
so that they may be on hand for the best
of the early market. The following notes
from Archdeacon & Co., of this city, give the
views of dealers in regard to this and other
matters connected with the poultry trade.

“This year. Thanksgiving falls on Thursday.
November 30, and shipments of poultry for
that holiday should be started forward to
arrive at New York on November 25. or not
later than the 27th, as these are the two
best days for the Thanksgiving trade. Large,
fat turkeys are in especial demand Thanks¬
giving, and only that, class of goods should
be sent. Fatten the smaller and thinner
poultry for later trade. Stock should be
nicely dry picked, and as fat as possible.
Dry picked poultry always sells to the best
advantage, add keeps better than when
dressed any other way. Chickens and all
fowls should be kept from food 24 hours
before killing. Kill by bleeding in the roof
of the month, and bang by the feet until
through bleeding. Leave the heads and feet
of all poultry on. and do not draw the en
trails or crops. Cool throughly, hut not too
fast, and see that'all of the animal heat is
removed. Turkeys should he picked the same
as chickens, but dry picked while they are
bleeding: do not wait until the body becomes
cold, and be careful not to break the skin.
All feathers should be removed from the
wings. When ducks and geese will not dry
pick to advantage, scald them the same as
you would chickens, remembering that more
time is required for the water to penetrate
and loosen the feathers. Do not try to dry
pick them before killing, as It gives’the skin
an unfavorable appearance, and injures their
sale Pack the poultry snugly (to prevent
moving about) in barrels lined with clean
paper, those bolding from 100 to 200 pounds
are best. Barrels are the best packages for
poultry of all kinds. If possible put only
one kind of poultry in a package, and mark
and weight plainly on the cover,
securing the same so as to avoid
in transit. Dry picked poultry is
shipping in warm or doubtful
Frozen poultry will not command
prices as freshly killed stock. Old

the kind
carefully
breaking
best for
weather,
as good

and heavy tom turkeys should be marketed
before the holidays, as later on the demand
is for round, fat hen turkeys only. The best
market days for general poultry trade are
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. It will
be to advantage to have shipments arrive
here on these days.”

ADVANCE GASOLINE ENGINES

We make a specialty of Gasoline Engines for
farmers. If you want to learn about the best farm
gasoline engine on the market write to GEO. I*.
I’OHL HA is UFACTURING CO., Vernon, N. Y.

potatoes— Bliss, Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler,
Rose, Noroton.85 kinds. C.W. Ford, Fishers, "N.Y.

BLIZZARD AND HORSE ICE CALKS,

pen your own horse. No waiting at the smith s
1 prices to Agents. S.W.KEXT.Oazenovia.X.Y,

Libor

ICE PLOWS

and ICE TOOLS.

Write for Discounts.

IT. Pray. North Glove. N.Y.

Healthy Mated Homers, 85c. pair. Pheasants, Pea-

corks, Quail, F«rret«, Standard Poultry, Indian Runner, Mallard
Ducks, 90c, setting, stamp, FERD. SUDOW, Poujjhkcepslc, N, Y.

rnn CASE 300 choice Buff and Barred P. Rocks
run vALC and White and Partridge Wyan-
dottes. Inspection solicited. Prices reasonable.

Dr. S. G. MOYER, Lansdale, Pa.

For Sale— Fox and Rabbit

Ghoice PUPS now ready to
MELVIN THOMAS. R. F.
Saratoga, County, N. Y.

Hounds.

ship for $5.00 each.
D. No. 1, Wayviile,

JERSEYS— 3 Bulls 10 to 12 mos , 3 Heifers 2 mos.

old; all soliil color, good. Sire a “Pure St.
Lambert,” J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster, Pa.

CAD CAI C— At a bargain, 50 Hampshire Ewes
run OHLt and Lambs and some Rams. Must
sell. F. B. CON INK, Kanona, N. Y.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

IMYKR & SON, llrldgeville, Del.

WANTED: We need
large quantities of
Fruits, Produce,
Poultry, Butter,
Eggs, Nuts, etc.

We can secure you top
market prices for these pro¬
ducts. Write to-day for our
illustrated booklet, mailed
free upon request, Also
shipping cards, stencil and
market reports.

F.H. KEELER & CO,

104 Murray St., New York.

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-d

Hunters’ & Trappers’ Guide Y»o?

800 pages, cloth bound.illustrating all Fur Animals.
All about trapping, Trappers’ Secrets, all kinds of
traps, decoys, etc. Price, sM. 50. To hide and fur ship¬
pers. $1. We buy Raw Furs. Hides. Price List free.
ANDKRSCH PROS., Dept.128 Minneapolis, Sli^

GOOD MONEY

can he made this winter on Raw Furs. We will pay
you good prices for Skunk, Raccoon, Mink, Opossum,
Muskrat, Fox, White Weasel, or any other American
Furs. Write for prices and shipping instructions.
We pay express charges. Bank references given.

Wm. Eisenhauer & Co.,

507-509 West Broadway, N. Y.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48. Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st, No curiosity seekers answered,

Portland Gutter

Only $16.70

This handsome, stylish and popular cutter is
made of guaranteed materials throughout. The
body Is the latest stylo, 30 x 34 Inch, 22-inch back,
gives warmth, comfort and elegance in appear¬

ance. Gear woods are select air-seasoned, runners
are rock elm, steam bent, x % Inch. Knees and
beams 1 bj x % inch, channel shoes inch,

braces clipped to knees and gears ironed up very
strong and secure. Removable trimmings, dark
green union cloth or whipcord, as preferred; regular
stuffed cushion and spring hack. Paint — body black
with fancy moulding, gear and shafts Brewster green
or carmine ueatl.v striped. Complete with shafts and
shifting bar. Only 816.70.

A Full Line at Factory Cost

All these cutters, except the Speeder, L-230, have
channel shoes aud removable upholstery. All of
them, Including the Speeder, are fitted with good
shafts and quick shifting bar, which Is held lu posi¬
tion by thumb-screw, can be changed from one posi¬
tion to another In a minute’s time aud gives you
choice of having horse travel straight ahead or at one
side. Remember this, more cutters are made lu
Kalamazoo than In any other city In the United States
and when you deal with us you deal at headquarters
aud pay one small profit only, to actual shop cost

Only $20.50

A favorite cutter, ele¬
gant design, extremely
substantial, heavily Ironed .
well braced, wing dash, ex¬
tra high roll back. Body 84
, __ In. wide, 80 In. long, seat 18

„ _ _ „ , , , . In. deep, highly finished,

spring cushion and hack removable. Trimmed In
green cloth or whipcord. Has carpet, nickel arm and
dash rail. Body painted in black, striped with green
or carmine, gear also striped. Ohannelshoes. This
cutter Is extra quality, only $20 50

Only $21,50

This Great Eastern Port¬
land Gutter, very flue, high¬
ly finished, nicely trimmed,
extra roomy, easy riding, is
trimmed in heavy green
wool cloth or whipcord.

Body painted rich black, L-ioo

striped with green or carmine, gear also striped.
Channel shoes and removable upholstery. Carpet
and all other trimmings. Price $21.50.

Only $26.00

Our Old Comfort cutter is
simply fine. Very roomy,
spring cushion seat aud
high back, trimmed In extra
quality heavy broadcloth

_ _ or whipcord, and all other

L-160 trimmings strictly first-

class. Body painted black and tastefully decorated.
Channel shoes and removable upholstery. You
can’t possibly make a mistake In buying this cutter.

Only $29.50

This Is the very latest
style aud can’t he heat any¬
where lu the world at tills
price. It’s one of our very
best, too. Has wing dash,
spring back and cushions,
line broadcloth trimmings ••■80

and all other trimmings to match. Channel shoes
aud removable upholstery. Has line wire screen on
dash; and the price, only 829.50.

Speeder, only
$46.50

This is a
very flue
light cutter for speeding
or pleasure, made from
absolutely the best ma¬
terial that can he obtained.

L'23° Every knee and beam well

Ironed and braced. Shafts, best selected hickory.
Seat 85 In. wide; back 14 In. deep; height from
ground to under side of body where step fastens,
24 Inches. All with green broadcloth trimmings.
Painting strictly high class. This speeder Is a beauty
and the price Is factory price.

Extras for any cutter. Pole, instead of shafts,
add $1.50; polo and shafts, add $3.00; genuine
car plush, red or blue, add $3.75; 2b-oz. rubber top
for any cutter, add $12.50.

We will stake our business reputation on these
cutters. They are high class and cannot be dupll-
catedbyanybodyelse forthe price and we will prove
It. Select the cutter you want, send us the whole
amount with order or $3.00 just to show good faith
and we will ship the cutter at once on approval. If
satisfied pay the freight agent the balance due. If
ft Is not exactly as represented, we will pay freight
both ways and at once refund your 83.00 or any other
amount you have paid us. Send forournew general
catalogue C87. Full of bargains in everything for
the farm and home.

Buffalo
Robes $1.00

ON APPROVAL

For buggy, sleigh or auto¬
mobile there is nothing
finer to be had at any price.
American Buffalo Robes are
_ a thing of the past, but wo

offer the “KAZOO” BUFFALO ROBES) a substitute that has
every appearance and many advantages over the genu¬
ine Buffalo Skin Robe. They are pliable, soft, lined with as¬
trakhan and interlined with rubber cloth, making them ab¬
solutely wind and waterproof and much warmer and more
comfortable than any stiff skin robe. These robes are worth
$10.00 of any man's money and you will say so when you see
it. You cannot buy a more elegant appearing or more ser¬
viceable robe at $25.00 retail. West'll to you direct at almost
factorycost. 54x52. ,$5.00 54x62. .$6.00 54x72.. $7.00

Send $1.00 as guarantee of good faith. Pay the agent the balance
when you get your robe. If you are not absolutely satisfied,
tell the agent to return it to us at our expense and we will re¬
fund you your $1.00 and pay charges both ways.

Why not order robe and cutter together and save
all transportation charges on robe— will pack It
under seat of cutter and guarantee safe delivery.

GASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

532 Lawrence Sq ., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER

Contains about 100 pages each month about Dogs,
Guns, Steel Traps, Snares, Deadfalls, Game, Raw
Furs, etc. Subscribers often write that they double
their catch of fur by following information given.

SPECIAL OFFER — Send $1.00 before December
10th, mentioning The Ritual New-Yorker, and get
December free, thus getting 13 months for $1.00. If
after receiving one copy you are not satisfied, write
and your $1.00 will be returned.

mJNTER-TRADER.TRAPPER, Columbus, 0,

Thanksgiving Poultry,

Apples, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,1
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.

OUR SPECIALTIES :

Game, _ | Poultry g Mushrooms,

Turs,

Ginseng,

Calves

HotHonse Lambs I Fancy Eets

I

Nuts,

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited*

34 & 36 Little 12th St., New York.

VIRGINIA FARMS

$8 per Acre and up

with improvements. Good productive soil, abundant
water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail¬
road and good markets with best church, school and
social advantages. For list of farms, excursion rates
and our beautiful pamphlet showing what others
have accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LA
BAUME, Agrl. and Indl. Agt., Norfolk & Western
Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

The Government of Canada

Gives absolutely FREE
to every settler

160 Acres of Land in

Western

Canada

Land adjoining this can be pur¬
chased from railway and land com¬
panies at from £6 to *10 per acre.

On this land this year has been
produced upwards of twenty-five
bushels of wheat to the acre.

It is also the best of grazing land
and for mixed farming it has no
superior on the continent.

Splendid climate, low taxes, rail¬
ways convenient, schools and
churches close at hand.

Write for ”20th Century Canada’’
and low railway rates to Superin¬
tendent of Immigration, Ottawa,
Can.; or to

TllOS. Dt’XCAX, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuse Bank Building, SYRACUSE, X. Y.

Mention this paper.

FOR SALE

cheap, my 200 acre farm near Chesa¬
peake Bay, one mile from county
seat; good m ai-kets; ideal climate.

A. W. HEPBURN, Mathews, Va.

Maryland

FARMS ARE MONEY-MAKERS FOR STOCK,
POULTRY, CORN, GRAIN, PEACHES, BERRIES
AND EARLY VEGETABLES. MILD WINTERS.
WRITE FOR BIG ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR
OF FARM BARGAINS. F. B. ALLEN, DRAWER
42, PRINCESS ANNE, MD. (3 YEARS FROM
OHIO.)

NEW JERSEY FARMS.

Reliable New Jersey Farms— Large stock and dairy
farms, highly improved. Productive truck and fruit
farms, small farms, country-seats, country homes and
mansions. We do not handle low grade farms on easy
terms, nothing we cannot conscientiously recommend.
Send for lists.

A. W. DRESSER, Burlington, N. ,J.

Extra Heavy Fence

of high grade material
thickly galvanized and
extra strong construc¬
tion. Producing in the
“Anchor” a fence of
unusual merit, giving the max -
. i i °f service and durability. Write for

free book. The Anchor Fence & Mfg. Co., Cleveland O

ATTENTION

favor us with your orders. Mail .

International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N

■Needing malo

- help of any kind,

Mail orders a Specialty.

DUSINESS MANAGER WANTED in every
u town to manage branch office and superintend
force of salesmen; big money. No canvassing. No
capital required. Can be managed with other work
or business. Particulars on application. Give ref¬
erences. WILLIAM C. MOORE & CO., Nurserymen,
Newark, New York, Dept. A.

Tree Planting on Streets and Highways

By William F. Fox, Supt. State Forests (N Y.)

This monograph contains full instructions as to the
proper method of planting shade trees: the selection
of species best adapted to streets or highways, and a
description of each kind, its appearance and special
uses. It furnishes valuable information as to the care
of trees, pruning, and protection from insect ravages.
11 Colored Plates, 28 halftones, cloth
binding. $1.00, postage free.

J, B, LYON COMPANY, Albany, New York,

ITCHING SKIN

Eczema and Other Skin Diseases Cured.

Trial treatment and testimonials sent for G cents.
W. DUDDARD, 357 Theodore St., Detroit, Mich,

THE EVENTS OF 1905 HAVE
PROVED ONCE MORE THAT THE

u. s.

CREAM

PARATORS

are undeniably the leading machines of
their kind, excepting none* At the LEWIS
AND CLARK EXPOSITION, this year, the

U. S . SEPARATORS were awarded

GOLD MEDAL

At the Pan-American Exposition in 1901, by leaving only .0138
of one per cent of butter fat in the skim milk as an average of 50
consecutive, separate runs, the U. S • SEPARATOR established the

WORLDS RECORD

This remarkable performance has never been equaled by any
other make of separator.

There were no tests at the St. Louis Exposition, although written
requests were made for tests to determine superiority. Certain
influences were able to defeat such
requests.

Unquestioned superiority in skim¬
ming; strong, simple construction and
proven durability combined with ease and
convenience of operation have placed the
£/. S. SEPARATOR far ahead of all com¬
petitors and will keep it there.

Our catalogues give full particulars and are sent free on reguest •

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO.,

BELLOWS FALL, VT.

Eighteen Centrally Located Distributing Warehouses Throughout

the United States and Canada.

f

YOUTH'S COMPANION

No other Christmas Present gives so
much pleasure to so many people for
so little money — $1.75 for 52 issues.

Entertainment and Information for All

Among the 225 contributors who will
write for The Companion in 1906 are

EX-PRESIDENT CLEVELAND
LUTHER BURBANK.
HERBERT PUTNAM.
MADAME CURIE.
MARGARET DELAND.
CI^'MANDER PEARY.

-- J ^irZ/^TON.
SENATOR U)uJj>$05

ADMIRAL MELVILLE.

MRS. BURTON HARRISON.
PROFESSOR LANCIANI.

HELEN KELLER.
REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK.
GEN. CHARLES KING.
CAPTAIN MAHAN.
justin McCarthy.
BISHOP LAWRENCE.
RIDER HAGGARD.
JUSTICE BREWER.
DR. CYRUS EDSON.
GRACE RICHMOND.
PROFESSOR GALLOWAY.

To the subscriber for 1906 the 52 issues
of The Youth's Companion will bring

7 Serial Stories

which if published in book form would make
seven volumes worth $1.25 each.

50 Leading Articles

contributed by men and women renowned for
their achievements in the great vocations.

250 Complete Stories

by the most entertaining of living story- writers
stories for men, women, girls and boys.

2000 Anecdotes

Humorous and Character Sketches, Poems, and
Selections of the Best Miscellany.

CHRISTMAS PRE.SE.NT COUPON.

Every New Subscriber who cuts out and sends at once this slip (or the name of this g^lic®Vn '
name and address and $1.75 for The Youth’s Companion for the 52 weeks of 1906. will receive

Gilt 1

ALL THE ISSUES OF THE COMPAN¬
ION FOR THE REMAINING WEEKS OF
1905. INCLUDING THE BEAUTIFUL
HOLIDAY NUMBERS; ALSO .

Gilt 2

THE YOUTH’S COMPANION “ MINUTE-
MEN” CALENDAR FOR 1906. PRINTED
IN TWELVE COLORS AND GOLD, FOR
COMPANION SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

As much reading matter in the year as would fill twenty octavo volumes.

$ 12,000 Will be divided equally among Companion subscribers Who secure five other neW subscriptions.

o 126

ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS AND SAMPLE COPIES OF THE PAPER SENT FREE.

THE, YOUTH’S COMPANION, Columbus Avenue, BOSTON, MASS.

NEW YORK, DECEMBER 2, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PEK YEAK

Voi. LXIY. No. 2914.

A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IS THANKFUL

KEEPS SUMMER BOARDERS AND KEEPS HAPPY.

How Machinery Saves Hired Men.

CLEARING LAND. — Some time ago the writer told
in your paper some of t lie labor-saving devices used by
him about bis farm, and the number of personal letters,
received are among the reasons that induce a further
description. 1 have a small farm here of about 25
acres, bounded on the east by the Mystic River. I was
born near here, but have spent the greater part of my
life in Wisconsin and New York. I came here in a
wagon, overland, from central New York, about 15 years

TWO IDLE WATER WHEELS. Fig. 381.

ago, where potatoes usually sold for 75 cents a barrel,
and here they usually sell for 75 cents a bushel. I have
raised 325 bushels on a measured acre, and 75 bushels
of shelled corn on another measured acre. When I
bought the land it was mostly overgrown with juniper
trees and covered with stones from size of an egg to size
of a bushel basket; very few large ones. Trees and
stone have been cleared from about 10 acres, and I have
it now all in grass. The soil is naturally black on top.
with yellow loam subsoil. I worked my land over and
over, removing stones, small trees and roots, until it is
all sniQoth, and every foot can be cut by machine.
Rockweed, growing near on the coast, and selling for
$1.50 per ton, makes one of the best and most lasting of
fertilizers. Having boats, I can procure this myself.
I have never reached Mr. Clark’s results in yield of
hay, but feel satisfied with my product. I keep only one
horse on the place, and so sell lots of hay; that makes
settlement for store bills, and my boats furnish me fish
and money from sailing parties that I take out on the
Sound. I have also a good yield of oysters, of the first

GROUr OF FARM BUILDINGS. Fig. 382.

quality, from my own private bed, less than 300 feet
from the house. Of course, all people cannot combine
farming and fishing, and have a profit from both. Still,
there are many around here that would write up very
interesting matter. As a rule, the residents are frugal
and have money in the savings bank.

LETTER TO THE WEST.— Not far from me lives
a man 78 years of age, who owns, and has lived on his
35-acre farm over 50 years. His brother bought a farm
of 350 acres in Iowa the same year he bought this one.

My Connecticut neighbor has raised and educated, in
common school, a large family, and laid away in the
savings bank $27,000, and last year he was called upon
by his brother in Iowa for a loan of $480 to pay interest
■on his farm mortgage. The western man has probably
‘‘cut a wider swath,” but evidently the Connecticut man
has “cut closer to the ground.” The Hope Farm man
says it’s the “man and the soil." I believe it is the man
alone. '1 he loan of $480 for three months is nine months
overdue and unpaid, and recently my neighbor got a
letter from his brother asking if lie would loan him
$200, “to make an advance payment on an automobile
that he had bargained for, as he thought it would be so
much easier for the young folks to get around.” My
neighbor showed me the letter and his reply, and I will
take the liberty to use it in my letter to you, as I know
the Iowa man does not take The R. N.-Y., though my
neighbor has for years. Remember the writer of the
letter is 78 years old. and old style prevails :

Dear George: I lake my pen in band to answer your
letter, just received. I think though you are younger in
.years, you must be older in mind, for you forgot to mention
that $480, borrowed for three months, over a year ago.
Besides this serious forgetfulness upon your part, you
seem to think I have forgotten, too, and ask for a loan
of $200 more, without saying a word as to when you would
agree to pay if. t am gjad, however, you stated the object

ROWER SHOP UNDER WINDMILL. FlG. 383.

of the loan. You say that your young people can get
around much better in an automobile. That may be so,
but me and my children have got around in cowhide boots
for a great many years, excepting Sundays, and as we
have managed to live, and pay our own interest, or should,
if we had any to pay, I recommend them to you, and if
you will send t lie sizes, I will send you a pair, all round,
and like enough, if you don't move as swift, you may be
the better able to catch on to something. And with the
boots, if you need if. I will send you a full barrel of mess
pork and five bushels of beans, kept over from last year,
that I raised on my little farm, and I will pay the freight
on all to your place. If you accept this offer, let me know
at once, as I butcher a steer next week, and if cold enough,
can send you a quarter of that, as I hear that western
beef is scarce and high. My folks are all well, and send
love, and hope you are enjoying the same great blessing.

No answer has yet been received.

HAY MACHINERY.— When I decided to raise all
hay I found my greatest difficulty in getting it from
cart to barn, so I cut out the peak of my barn, over the
regular hay door, making a large opening, about 12 x 15
feet, hinged at the bottom, and when in use let down
by hay fork rope and hoisted up and closed by the horse
attached to the same. T have read with much interest
the descriptions recently published in The R. N.-Y. of
cheap and easy haying, and while your last man was cer¬
tainly “slick,” I can in some ways go him one better. T
use a one-horse mower, tedder and horse rake, and haul
to the barh on a four-wheel dump cart, with “ladders/’

“butterflies,” etc., taking about a ton at a jag. I keep
no steady help, but engage a man to just pitch my hay
on cart for me, making load myself. This lie does from
the windrow, and I rake the scatterings later with the
horse. My windmill tower is <50 feet high, and nearly
in front of the barn 50 feet from same. I shove a pole
out from this, 40 feet high, with pulley on end, and run
a rope to the traveling head on track in barn, the other
end of rope dropping to ground and loaded with a
weight. As my mow is 40 feet long, and the pole 40

THE WINDMILL GOING UP. Fig. 384.

feet from the ground, the travel is alike in each case.
My work harness is fitted with snaps, and when I come
in with a load of hay I snap the horse out of the thills,
and snap him into the whiffletree, which is fitted with
short thills, and one snap on top of back, to ring in
harness, near crupper, so nothing gets under horse’s feet.
I use the Lowden hayfork and rigging, and if hay is
fairly long and cured enough to keep, the fork will
take 500 to 600 pounds easily. I shove in my fork, speak
to my mare, and away she goes till told to stop. I hold
the trip rope still standing on the load, and fill from
the back end of barn, so that it will always come out
readily from the front end. When the mare feels the
relief from tripping the load, she turns, walks back,
turns around, and awaits order to repeat. When she
is in position, a slight jerk on same trip rope starts the
head, and the rope with weight at windmill delivers it
over load ready for another fork full. I want no help
to unload, or mow away, and have no use for anybody.

FOURTH OF JULY CANNON. Fig. 385.

lliree to five forkfuls take up a good one-horse load.
My mow is on the second floor, and holds 20 to 30 tons.

WINDMILL POWER. — Having had the “run of
tools" from boyhood, I decided to have a “power shop”
and so built a workship 16 x 32, to which I have since
added an addition to each end of io feet. The shop is
12 feet high, with tin roof; T tried iron roofing, but it
very soon rusted out, though constantly painted. I have
a cellar under shop, full size, and through the center a
line shaft arranged in 10-foot sections, so can throw

832

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

out by clutch parts not desired to use. This line shaft
is 50 feet long, and has 16 driving pulleys on it. In
north end, addition to shop, I have a wood planer that
will plane 24 inches wide and Jour inches thick. This
stands crosswise; is driven direct from line shaft, and
there is a door exactly in front and rear of planer, so
can plane any desired length. Next a pulley carries a
six-inch belt out of doors to a wood saw table, driving
a 26-inch saw, making stove wood for self and neigh¬
bors. Next, with direct six-inch belt, a Bowsher grist¬
mill is located, and in this mill I have ground two
bushels of corn in seven minutes, as fine as common
“sale” meal. Then comes a wood-turning lathe, where
I can swing 12 inches diameter and eight feet long, and
this is a good place to manufacture hitching posts, po¬
tato mashers, chisel handles, etc. Pump comes next,
and is set in cellar, driven by countershaft, and has one
suction to a never-failing well outside, and another to
cistern in cellar of house, 14 x 14 feet and 10 feet deep.
Gate valves with rods running up to switch board, in
shop, can be turned to pump from either source, and
deliver either to thousand gallon tank in attic of house
or to reservoir on hill, where a supply is kept, and piped
out near barn, for running “idle” water wheels (first
page, Fig. 881), washing wagons, etc. In this “idle” water
wheel the upper small wheel forces the water down hill,
while the larger wheel at the lower ground forces the
water back to turn the upper one again. The inside
barn supply comes from house tank. This pump was
billed to pump 600 gallons an hour, and furnished by
the Acrmotor people, who supplied the windmill. An
adjustable splitting saw table, with 16-inch saw, and
“port holes” through sides of shop allow of splitting
up any length lumber. This is driven direct by 30-inch
pulley and four-inch belt from main shaft. A “Merrian
sticker” is driven by countershaft, and the machine
will joint the edge of boards, up to 14 inches, and make
small moldings and most any odd-shaped piece of lum¬
ber desired. A swing cut-off saw is hung from roof to
table, and driven by countershaft, and upon this I can
cross-cut boards, or joints, up to five inches thick. A
Beach jig-saw is driven direct from main shaft, and
upon this I can saw brackets or crooked work up to
seven inches thick. A drilling machine with counter¬
shaft comes next, which is arranged for hand power
also. Two grindstones, one coarse, one fine, are driven
in the basement, also emery wheels, driven by counter¬
shafts and friction. Some of the machines mentioned
require lots of power, and to determine if I was get¬
ting all I contracted for I purchased a Government
anemometer, and affixed same to top of barn, and con¬
nected electrically to my office room in house with a
self-registering wind machine. This records in office
with ink just how many miles an hour the wind is
blowing, and has demonstrated the statement of the
manufacturers, that with 40 miles of wind I develop
12 to 15 horse power with my windmill. I find on the
coast here but few days when the mill will not do
some work, and by arranging these things systematically
I am rarely in trouble for lack of wind. Running this
place alone, keeping up the repairs, both on land and
water, gives a man a chance for some kind of a job
most of the time, and without the help from my shop
I could never do it. I have hot and cold water all over
the house, cold water at barn. I light with acetylene
gas, having 65 lights in the house, and after four years’
trial believe it the best and the cheapest light to be had.

1 heat every room in the house with a modern hot-air
system, have used both steam and hot water, and for
conditions like my own am very sure hot air is the best
of all. I have a perfect sewer system to the river, with
closets, and bath on three floors.

TOOLS AND FIXINGS. — In cleaning up my land
and moving old walls and other stone I found a neces¬
sity for a different stone wagon than what I could find,
so I made one that has proved a great success. To
describe briefly, four large hubs without spokes 12 inches
in diameter, band-iron boxes and hickory axles, plat¬
form very strong, 4x6 feet, on bolster forward, and
bolted to reinforced axle behind, heavy thills, front
wheels in turning swing under the platform. I can
haul a ton of stone easily across mowing lots or any¬
where reasonable with one horse. I have a land roller,
“homemade,” from a large iron drum 4y2 feet in diam¬
eter, and about the same across. I built a frame around
this with thills, fitted a spring seat, and as it weighs
a thousand pounds, it is a great help to grass land in
the Spring, besides rolling land when seeding down. I
could not get along without it. In the south end addi¬
tion to shop (and this is of brick T laid myself) I have
a five-horse power quick-firing boiler, and a Dean steam
pump connected to unfailing well supply for fire pur¬
poses. This boiler is also connected to a small 2l/2
horse power engine in shop, but is very rarely used. I
have a small addition built on the southeast side of
barn, running to the rear 40 feet, giving me, by using
a narrow strip of barn floor, a bowling alley, with reg¬
ulation table of 65 feet, balls, etc. This furnishes recre¬
ation for family and visitors, when too rainy for other
amusements. On northwest side of barn I have a story

and a half shed, 18 x 40, with heavy wagons below and
lumber piled above, as I find it very convenient to have
a little lumber f various kinds always on hand to meet
the ever-present necessity of repairs and improvements,

MEASUREMENT OF STACK HAY.

and then with seasoned hard and fancy woods it is
very easy to make some special piece of furniture for
the home that you feel too poor to buy, and besides, you
get nearer the desired article. The mill gives me very
little trouble, has been erected about 10 years, and I don’t

FLORENCE FENNEL. NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 387.

See Ruralisms, Page 866.

see why it is not good for as many more. I believe it
is the cheapesj power there is, and it will do almost
anything. I could not make electricity successfully with
it, though I did light the house for a time with it.

I have always been a Fourth of July man, and have
collected a number of brass and iron cannon, which I
have made carriages for (see Fig. 385) and generally
the people about here realize their usefulness ( ?) at
least once a year, though 1 never begin to celebrate
until six o’clock A. M. I had this home built in 1890,
and additions and new buildings 1 have made almost
entirely myself; boat houses, docks and boats included.
I have wintered in the cold Northwest, and the genial
South, and to me New England is better than either.
There is no section of the country that gives us wings
and golden harps while we are able to carry them. The
spirit most manifest to-day is one of dissatisfaction with
surroundings, and a large proportion of those who are
so anxious and ready to change make a failure, and go
from bad to worse. Our fathers were willing to take
up the battle of life where their fathers did, living fru¬
gally and economically, but the children of to-day insist
on beginning where their fathers left off, and most of
them carry their brains too low down to make success
of the attempt. Tf we all try to .farm as well as we
know how, make the best of the opportunities that come
to us, spend less time silting on cracker barrels in the
store, and more time “sawing wood,” we shall all be in
better shape for Christmas, and better ready to begin the
New Year. chas. q. eldredge.

Connecticut.

MEASUREMENT OF HAY IN STACKS.

A measures stack from the ground up to the ridge of the
stack, t hence on down to the ground on the other side ;
measures the same way in the middle, also on the opposite
end; then from the ridge down to the ground on each end;
also the width and the length. B measures the width and
t lie length on sides and ends of stack ; then from the
ground up to the square; thence up to the ridge ; thence
down to the square on the opposite side; thence down to the
ground ; the same in the middle and on the opposite end.
Then he measures from the ground up to the square; thence
up to the ridge on each end. I give measurements and
wish you to give the contents of each stack, in cubic feet
and in tons; also give rule for working each one out.

Utah. E. B. M. F.

Neither method of measurement will permit the com¬
putation by lower mathematics of the exact volume of
a haystack except in special cases. The B method
usually permits a rough approximation to be made, but
even where the volume of a stack can be accurately
determined only the roughest approximation to the
weight of the hay can be calculated. Well-cured air-
dry hay varies all the way from 300 to 900 cubic feet to
the ton, according as it is coarse or fine, old or new, in a
deep or shallow stack or bay, or whether it is taken from
the top or near the bottom of the stack or bay in a barn,
In measuring a stack it is not difficult to make allow¬
ance for the rounded contour and obtain measurements
by the B method, which will give the volume suffi¬
ciently close.

RULE. — Mean length, times mean width, times mean
height to shoulder; plus length, times mean height of
ridge above shoulder, times one-half the mean width at
the shoulder equals the volume.

FIRST STACK.

Height

Length Width to Shoulder

38 x 22 x 10 8360 cu. ft. below shoulder.

38 x 11 x 12 = 5016 cu. ft. above shoulder.

13376

SECOND STACK.

57 x 25 x 10 = >4250 cu. ft. below shoulder.

57 x 12.5 x 12.5 “ 8906 cu. ft. above shoulder.

23156

Where the stack has the inverted V-shaped top, with
the shoulders well defined, it will be seen that the vol¬
ume above the shoulders is given by the product of the
length into the height of the ridge above the shoulder
multiplied by one-half the wjdth of the stack at the
shoulder, because, as illustrated in the sketch, if the
stack were cut down along the ridge to the shoulder
and the hay built over on the other side there would
be formed a flat-topped stack of half the width of the
stack at the shoulder, as indicated in the drawing. If
the height of the ridge of the stack above the shoulder
is one-half the width of the stack at the shoulder and
the top is very rounding, so that the contour of a cross-
section is very nearly a half circle, as indicated by the
dotted semi-circumference in the drawing, the volume,
above the shoulder, will he more nearly given by mul¬
tiplying the volume computed the other way by 3.1416
or by 3 1-7 and then dividing the result by two. As a
matter of fact, the true volume usually lies between that
given by the two methods, but nearer to the first, and
as the top of the stack is loosest and often most dam¬
aged, the first method is usually the best to adopt. If
this hay is rather coarse Alfalfa, and especially if it has
not had long to settle, the mean volume of a ton is
likely to be above rather than below 500 cubic feet, and
hence less rather than more than 27 and 46 tons respec¬
tively. If the hay was stacked rather green it would
pack closer than if stacked dry, and would weigh more
per unit volume. _ f. h. king.

A rich gravy may help out a poor roast.

Better he high private in the rear rank than low officer
in front.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

863

MAPES , THE HEN MAN.

ESSENTIALS FOR EGG PRODUCTION.

Large Flocks Housed Together.

SECOND-STORY HENS— In a recent issue I
spoke of my belief that the near future will see prac¬
tical poultrymen keeping liens in much larger flocks
than has been heretofore thought desirable. The three
great items to be considered in production cost of
eggs are feed, labor, and buildings. Where 10 feet of
floor space is allowed for each hen, and small flocks
are the rule, the second and third items will cat up

BEST CROP ON THE FARM. Fig. 38S.

all the profits in the majority of cases, no matter how
successful a man may be in handling the first item.
In the light of present knowledge, which is the result
of over a dozen years of experience in keeping “hens
by the acre” as my chief source of income, I should
certainly plan to keep several hundred if not a thou¬
sand, in each flock, were I to put up new buildings.
Comfortable quarters, pure air, and proper and suffi¬
cient food are the three essentials to egg-production.
These could all be supplied in such a hen-barn as I
spoke of and the item of labor be reduced to a mini¬
mum. I would make it two stories high in order to
economize space, and also to make one roof and one
foundation do double duty. The upper floor would
be used exclusively for sleeping quarters. Would I
use tables under the perches to catch the
droppings? Most certainly. In a room
large enough to lodge 1,000 hens these
tables could be arranged in two rows, with
a four-foot alley between them at the
center of the room, and also along the
outer sides of the room. In a room 30 x
00 feet two tables 9 x 50 feet would
give ample room for enough perches. A
four-foot walk entirely surrounding
these tables would make it easy to clean
them, and remove the droppings with a
barrow or cart. The entire floor space
of both stories could be kept clean with
litter of some kind. When the upper
floor or the tables needed cleaning the
hens would be enticed below with a
regular or special feed, and the stair¬
way door shut. This would give the
worker fine opportunity to proceed un¬
molested by the hens. When the lower
floor needs cleaning the hens could be
enticed out of doors and out of the way
in fine weather, or confined on the up¬
per floor should the weather not be
suitable for them to be out. In intro¬
ducing new stock to such a barn they
should always be placed in the upper
story at first, and confined a day or two
until they become wonted to the perches.

Otherwise there will be trouble in get¬
ting them to mount the stairs at bed¬
time. In this way a big flock can be
cared for with a minimum of work and
a maximum of profit.

DOWNSTAIRS ARRANGEMENTS. — The feed
troughs on the lower floor can be filled with mash in
the morning before the door is opened for them to
descend from above. All reserved seats would be
quickly filled by hens which have a proper appetite and
greater uniformity in feeding secured than in a large
number of small flocks. What furnishings should
the lower floor contain? Feed troughs (where mash
is to be used) nests, dust-boxes, and drinking foun¬
tains. Lots of whitewash and clean scratching litter
will give a cozy and cheerful home during the day for
both birds and attendant. The eggs could be picked
up several times a day, in order to secure clean eggs
and avoid risk of breakage. Dust-boxes should be
provided on a level with each window-sill, as heps

like a warm bath in a sunny spot. The nests I would
place between the windows, a little higher than the
dust-boxes.

CROWDED BIRDS. — The 100 five-year-old hens
which I crowded in a room 12 x 15 feet August 1
have given me no cause as yet to reverse my opinion
as to the fallacy of the popular idea of 10 feet of floor
space being necessary for each hen. Not many eggs
were to be expected at this season of the year from
five-year-old hens, but they are doing as well as others
with far more room. The White Wyandotte that was
almost naked from moulting August 1, and began lay¬
ing September 1, has kept it up ever since, laying fully
40 eggs during September and October, worth enough
to pay for her year’s feed. The 300 hens, mostly of
same age, which I crowded into an old stable 15 x 4S
feet September 1, have given me some uneasiness on
account of an outbreak of roup, but I can see no dis¬
advantage due to crowding. Some years ago this old
building was used as a hospital, and many a roupy
bird found its way from it to a premature grave. Did
some dry germs of the disease lurk about all these
years? This outbreak has not been particularly severe.
I have seen many worse ones in small flocks. Not
over two per cent have died thus far, and the worst
appears to be over. A few have lost the use of one
eye, but otherwise appear to be recovering. Fifty
from this lot were recently marketed, and the butcher
to whom I sold them complimented me on their plump
appearance. I fear some of his customers who may
have tried to cook them in a hurry may have been
disappointed.

A FEEDING QUESTION. — Where fowls have unlimited
range and free access to abundance of grass and clover
during the Summer and Fall, would it be necessary to feed
them morning and night all (hey will clean up in five min¬
utes? Would you advise the addition of meat in some
form in their mash while insects are plentiful? If so. full
or half feed of meat? I want to feed so as to derive the
most profit, eggs being my object. w. h. h.

Unionville, Va.

If profit from eggs is to be secured, this correspond¬
ent will do well to feed grain either ground or whole
at least twice a day. If the flock is at all large I
should advise some meat, or animal food in some
form, also. A very small flock will often get suffi¬
cient insects, etc., to dispense with meat in the ration.
Five minutes is sufficient time for a hen to make a
full meal of either whole or ground grain. Any that
is left after that length of time is superfluous. I am
not prepared to say that animal food in some form is
an absolute necessity for egg production. In fact, I

have heard of a few well-authenticated instances where
a flock has done remarkably well without it. Still,
they seem to be only the usual exceptions which prove
the rule. Until more definite knowledge is obtained on
the subject it is safe to follow the crowd and feed
meat or milk in some form. The man who expects
hens to produce eggs on grass alone, however abund¬
ant, is doomed to disappointment. o. w. mapes.

If you are denied the cream of life remember there is
more muscle in skim-milk.

Many of the eggs used in cooking Thanksgiving dinners
came out of water glass this year!

One little jar to Thanksgiving was the fact that people
are once more asking about the profit in raising skunks for
bide and oil. There is no profit in it.

HANDLING FOREST LEAVES.

There are doubtless many owners of small farms and
poultry establishments, located where leaves are plenti¬
ful, who, while appreciating their value as litter in
stable or poultry-house, consider them too difficult to
gather. For several years I had occasion to collect
quite a quantity of leaves each Fall, and having de¬
vised methods of handling that are satisfactory to my¬
self, they may be of use to others. First, finding the

“TIIE FEEDER IS HALF THE FLOCK!” Fig. 390.

ordinary wagon-bed too small for the purpose, I pro¬
ceed to put on an addition. There were stout staples
on the sides for side-boards. Into these were fitted
uprights, of good material, extending about two feet
above the sides of the bed. Three five-inch boards for
each side were then nailed to the uprights. The front
was fixed in the same way and a movable gate arranged
for the rear. The bed then measured 10 feet x 3)4 x 3
feet, quite satisfactory where the haul is short, though
for long distances I should prefer something much
larger.

In gathering leaves it is customary to rake them into
small heaps or windrows for loading, but much time
may be saved, and it is more satisfactory every way to
rake an area 100 to 150 fe.et or more in diameter
to a central point into one large
heap. We usually aim to have a heap
large enough for a load. When the heap
is ready the fun of loading begins. The
wagon is placed with the rear end to the
heap, and about 10 feet away; the rear
gate is removed and a stout plank, pro¬
vided for the purpose, is placed with one
end resting on the ground and the other
on the floor of the wagon-bed. All hands
dive into the big pile with widespread arms,
each trying to clasp the largest armful.
One by one they walk up the plank and
deposit their “catch” on the wagon, tramp¬
ing the leaves as they are put on. When
well filled the rear gate is put in place;
then one tramps while the rest carry up
the leaves and throw them over the gate
until the rack is crowded and heaping full.
The plank is then drawn up and laid
lengthwise on the load for a “tie-pole.”
The driver sitting on the plank takes the
load to the barn and unloads while the
others rake up another heap. In this
way two or three men can gather quite
a quantity in a day.

The leaves are stored in a “lean-to,”
built against the barn, and intended for a
wagon-shed. Here they are quickly un¬
loaded by backing the wagon into posi¬
tion, removing the rear gate and

pushing them off with a fork. Per¬
haps most trouble is found in con¬
veying the light and frisky leaves
from storage when wanted for use.
A good way to do this is as follows : Take a
broomstick, whittle one end to a long tapering point.
With the stick in one hand thrust it through a mass
of leaves ; then find the end with the other hand. Plold
the mass tightly, lift, give a slight shake and there you
are ready to carry them any reasonable distance, and
you will lose very few even in the face of a stiff wind.
With a little practice you can grasp and carry a huge
bunch in this way. Forest leaves are not as much used
as their merits deserve. Especially as liter in the poul¬
try houses theie is probably nothing else that will at
all compare with them. When used as a mulch they
should be mixed with littei, to prevent them from pack¬
ing down too closely. d. l. hartman.

Pennsylvania.

CROP OF SOY BEANS IN MARYLAND. Fig. 389.

See l’age 8G4.

364

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

FARMERS’ CLUB

f Every query must lie accompanied by
the name and address of t lie writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

THE CZAR ON AN APPLE.

When the Peace Commission finally
ended the war between Japan and Russia
we advanced the theory that the com¬
mission must have eaten baked Fall Pip¬
pin apples. That would surely leave
peace in their hearts. It looks now as if
we should have to suggest the Czar as
president of the International Apple Con¬
sumers’ League. He has gone a step be¬
yond most of us by having his picture
photographed upon an apple ! This is
shown in accompanying picture. At a
dinner given to the Czar and Czarina ap¬
ples bearing their pictures were served.

It seems that a patent was taken out by
a Frenchman in 1903 to cover this idea
of fruit printing. It is not likely that
the process can be patented, however, ex¬
cept for a special paper suited for the
work. Generally speaking the work is
done by pasting pieces of paper or photo¬
graphic films on green fruit. When the
paper is used openings are made to cor¬
respond with the design wanted. This
leaves a certain part of the apple open to
the sun. and this portion is colored while

the rest remains green. The colored parts
correspond to the black in a picture.
The following directions are given :

The exposure of (lie paper designs' is made
(en to fifteen days before picking for late
Summer fruits, and toward t lie middle of
September for those Fall and Winter fruits
that are picked during October. The bag
should not be taken off beforehand, but at
the very moment of exposure. To prevent
burns on the delicate skin from the too
powerful rays of the sun. t lie bag is torn
open, the paper is glued upon the side of
the fruit directly exposed to the sun’s rays,
and the bag is kept partially open for several
days, being finally removed in cloudy
weather. The skin of the fruit becomes
tough as it colors red. The fastening of
designs or films on the fruit must be done
with care, for alternate rain, cloud, and sun
may cause them to warp and detach, and
they cannot be carelessly fastened as if
they were to be in shelter. The adherence
of paper designs to the fruits may be ef¬
fected by gluing them with white of egg.
Starch paste, such as is used for photo¬
graphic prints, is quite as good. Photo¬
graphic films are soaked for an instant in
water and, thus softened, take the form of
the fruit : the gelatin causes them to stick
to the skin and to adhere to it perfectly
when dry, but it is preferable to use also
white of egg.

Leaves that would shade the apple are
taken off. From 10 to 15 days are re¬
quired to make these sun prints when pa¬
per is used. Such varieties as Baldwin,
Arkansas Black or McIntosh Red ought
to show this work to advantage. Next
year let some genius try his hand at it
on this side of the water. In a small
way it has already been done in printing
figures or initials on fruit.

THE LARGEST PEAR ON RECORD.

Tell C. M. D. of Boonton. N. J.. page 770.
that he has not yet broken the record. Two
years after planting I grew Duchess d’
Angouleme on dwarf, two of which weighed
24 ounces each, and Kieffers on standards in
four years “to beat the band." The trees
on which those pears were grown were a lot
of about 300 Beurre d’Anjou and Duchess
d’Angouleme, two year-old dwarfs of fair
size and apearance; also some two year
Kieffers in standards which had been planted
two years previous to the dwarfs. The
dwarfs were planted May 10. 1902, and ihe
pears mentioned were picked and t lie two
specimens weighed early in October. 1003.
About November 1 I exhibited a basket of
them at a leading store in town : free talk

and free advertising was the result. The
two last seasons the crops were fair, but
thn scale is intrenching. We are making
preparations and will spray in a few days.
Needless to say, the trees received fair treat¬
ment j. E. HEINE.

Pennsylvania.

The largest Duchess pear I ever grew my¬
self weighed 20 ounces, but my neighbor,
II. L. Crew, grew and put on exhibition first
at the Still Pond Farmers' Club meeting,
then at the meeting of horticulturists at
Dover, Del., two Duchess pears, one weigh¬
ing 31 ounces and the other 32 ounces.

Kent Co., Md. .tames s. Harris.

In 1877 I exhibited 21 varieties of pears
at the American Bornological exhibition in
Baltimore. I had one large dish of Duchess,
not a pear weighing less than 26 ounces,
Beurre d'Anjou and Lawrence weighing 18
and 20 ounces. I« had the best from Cali¬
fornia to contest with. I also exhibited at
the Pimlico Fair a few years after one
Duchess weighing 32 ounces. After this ex¬
hibit I sent it to Ex-Governor Boss of Dela¬
ware, by his son, who was with me at the
time. In 1898 or 1899, my tenant on Queen
Anne's farm exhibited one at Easton Fair,
Talbot County, a Duchess, from a tree that
I budded, a pear weighing 38 ounces, and
they gave him a premium of $10. Prof. W.
G. Johnson saw the tree and spot it was
taken from. It was correctly weighed by a
druggist in tli" presence of several reliable
men. A sl>' time back in conversation
with J. W. err, of Carolina County, I asked
him the weight of the largest pear he eyer
saw. He told me it was one at the Easton
Fair weighing 38 ounces. It was this pear.

Maryland. b. s. ejiory.

Quinces in Ontario.

S., Beamsville, Ont. — I want information
about quinces. What is the best soil for
them, best varieties, distance apart, how soon
do they bear and is there sufficient market,
or prospect of market, to warrant planting
say 200 trees? Will canning factories handle
them? I have about an acre of heavy, sandy
loam with a considerable swale through it
of black ground. Would this be suitable?
I am entirely ignorant about quinces, except
in the form of jelly or marmalade, when I
think they are hard to beat. I am, situated
in the Niagara fruit belt.

Ans. — The quince likes rich land, but
it is a mistake to think that it thrives on
wet land, as many suppose. The land
should be well drained before setting to
quince trees. A sandy loam is the very
best for this fruit. The trees should be
set not nearer than io feet apart, and I
like 20 feet better, for it gives more light
for the foliage and room in the soil for
the roots. They should not be allowed to
branch nearer the ground than a foot, and
two feet would be the extreme height for
the trunks. Good tillage and occasional
manuring will be necessary to keep up
good growth and fruitage. Profitable
bearing will begin about the sixth year.
Canning factories rarely use the fruit, but
the general markets are usually good for
quinces. h. e. van deman.

Soy Beans. — The picture at Fig. 390,
page 863, shows a field of Soy beans near
the farm of W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.
As will be seen, the beans stand up better
than cow pea vines, and make a heavy
growth. They are easier to cut than the
cow peas, and when properly dried give
a very good fodder for horses. The Del¬
aware Experiment Station gives the fol¬
lowing figures regarding Soy beans: Four
months’ growth on an acre gave 10.952
of green vines and 756 pounds of air-drv
roots. This contained 140.2 pounds of ni¬
trogen, 48 pounds of potash and 40 pounds
of phosphoric acid. The Soy bean stood
the frost better than cow peas, and re¬
quired a stronger soil.

For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

P<>1 ntoes-Bliss. Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler,
* Hose Noroton, 85 kinds. C.W. Ford, FishersfTTY.

FLAY ROSE POTATOES WANTED. -A few
^ bushels. Send sample and price.

J. J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass.

Tree Planting on Streets and Highways

Hy Willi unF Fox, Supt. State Forests (N Y.)

This monograph contains full instructions as to the
proper method of planting shade trees; the selection
of species best adapted to streets or highways, and a
description of each kind, its appearance and special
uses. It furnishes valuable information as to the care
of trees, pruning, and protection from insect ravages.
11 Colored Plates, 28 halftones, cloth
binding, #1.00, postage free.

J. B. LYON COMPANY, Albany, New York.

PRESIDENT WILDER

and WHITE IMPERIAL. CURRANTS.

PEACH TREES— Best orchard sorts.

BEURRE ROSC PEARS.

SP1T/.KVBURG. BOIKEN. MoINTOSH RED.
JONATHAN and other varieties of APPLES.

Also NORWAY. ROCK and SILVER MAPLES
and AMERICAN ELMS.

ALL AT BOTTOM PRICES.

Inquire of S. D, WILLARD, Geneva, N, Y,

[I PRUNING SHEARS

rjf Will Snip a Broom Handle

/ That gives you an idea of the strength and

I 'M Quality of the pruner. Wiss Pruning Shears
/ j will outlast a dozen ordinary ones They
/ M will cut tissue paper. That shows how

I I nicely they are adjusted.
r^M Nurserymen and growers of fine trees use

\ 1 them in preference to all other shears— they
^ will cut clean the thickest twigs or the most
delicate tendrils without tearing,

Wiss dealers will replace free of charge any shears
returned defective or unsatisfactory.

All parts are interchangeable, If any part (say the
blade) becomes worn, it can he replaced, thus mak¬
ing the shears as good as new at a slight cost.

Made in Two Sizes : ,8 illcK: ii:§o

Extra blades, 50c, each. For sale by all dealers.

J. WISS & SONS CO.,

15-33 Littleton Avenue, Newark, N. J.

GREEN’S

Wedding Announcement

He loved the girl very much,
That was his business.

She loved him just as well.

That was her business.

They decided to be married,
That was their business.

They will need Vines. Plants
and Trees for their garden.
That's OVR business.

We have a surplus of Asparagus
plants. Poplar and Apple trees Send
for free catalog: also Fruit Magazine.

GREEN S NURSERY CO.(

Rochester, N. Y.

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry lias again proven itself to lie the
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list and circular upon application.

C. G. VEL1E & SON,

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N. Y.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per lOO-$5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
J)o not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Eort Scott, Kails. Hox 7 3.

QUALITY
Apple Trees

Plant Harrison stock and plant
the best. York Imperial, Ben
Davis, Early Harvest, Baldwin,

all varieties forall seasons. Give
us your next order and compare
trees with others

]

The

Ray Peach

Choice new kind. Best for mar-
ket. Fresh, delicious, with red
blush. Full, regular bearing. El-

borla, Chairs, Crawford Late,
Frances and all other good vari¬
eties come to perfection in our
climate. Send for free 1905 cata¬
log. You'll plant better trees.
HARRISON'S NURSERIES.
Box 28 Berlin, Md.

NATURE STUDY LEAFLETS

Prepared by College of Agriculture of Cornell Univer¬
sity, Ithaca. N. Y. 608 pages, fully illustrated, cloth
hound, express or mail prepaid, #1 .25.

READING COURSE BULLETINS

FOR FARMERS AND FARMERS’ WIVES

Prepared by College of Agriculture of Cornell Univer¬
sity, Ithaca, N. Y. 788 pages, fully illustrated, cloth
bound, express or mail prepaid. $1.25.

J. B. LYON COMPANY, Albany, New York.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to .JO
per cent on largo or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wall!, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

BERRY PLANTS Raspberry!

blackberry, &c. I wish to correspond with prospect¬
ive buyers. Catalog and valuable information froe.
Address L. J. FARMER, Box “R", Pulaski, N. Y.

K FRUIT BOOK

"shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
’ bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

Strawberry Plants.

New Home, /Cardinal, C6mmonwealft,v Oaks Early,
Champion, Glen /Mary, Win. Belt and 91 other*. Locretla
and Premo Dewberry. Seeds: Livingston's Globe and
Allen's Best Tomato. Allen's First Choice and Rocky
Ford CantaloupeAA lien's Money Maker, /Early Fortnne
and Peninsula Pri^e Cucumber. Valuable tested novelties
and a full line standard garden, field/and flower seeds,
bulbs, etc. Write for^handsome free /atalogue. 17

W. F. ALLEN. Salisbury, Maryland.

PRATT’S 1 ‘SCALECIDE ,5 PETROLEUM

Guaranteed to kill the SAN JOSE SCALE with¬
out injury to the tree or fruit bud. in Fall, Winter and
•Spring application One gal. ‘Sealecide" to 20 gallons
water. No heating or boiling. Mixes instantly
in any proportion with cold water, and stays mixed.

Can be used with a great saving in cost, where
petroleum or kerosene emulsion is advised.

Prices— in bbls. 50c. per gallon. 10 gallon cans. $0,00;
5 gal. cans, $3.25; 1 gal. cans. $1.00, f. o. b. N. Y.

B. 0. PRATT CO., II Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insect l
cldc. 6'i-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
270 lb.,3%cper lb; barrel.425 lb.,3!4c. Send for booklet.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

WARD BLACKBERRIES

The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown

WELCH RASPBERRY

The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also
a full line of general nursery stock. Catalogue free.
JOS H. BLACK. SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

A

if

ERCATMVS TREES

Are as good as the best. 60 yearalin
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. KERCKMJiNS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

fdO acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

ALFALFA HAY

Car lots. J. E,
WING & BROS..
Mechanicsburg.O.

Special Sale of Fruit Trees.

In order to reduce a large stock of
extra fine Fruit Trees, Call’s Nurseries.
Perry, Ohio, are making a special thirty
days sale of Fruit, Shade and ornamental
trees. This is a rare chance to secure
the Best Stock grown at very low prices,
Wr te them for prices, stating the amount
wanled.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

SAN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WOR£S,

_ Shrewsbury, New Jersey. _

NIIT TRFPS Japan Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon
I1U I IflLLO Chestnuts. Ridgely and American.

MANCHUKICA AVALNUTS.
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬
ing. Catalogue free. Address,

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown. N. J.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Boses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Perry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine, bend us
your list of wants and let ns price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

TREES

<t?K PCD IfTG FREIGHT PAID Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rtn lUUf rnulUnl .Mill Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The REST KINDS and the REST TREES in the world. Tf this is what you want, drop a line to

ROGERS OIST THE HILL,

Tiro Apple Breeder, _ Ransvillc, 2XT. IT.

PEACH TREES

Grand lot, grow non the bank of Lake Erie, two rniiea
from any peach orchards, free from borers and alt
other diseases. Large stock of l'enr, Plum, Cherry,

Apple, etc. Immense supply of small fruits, headquurters for

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds,

40 acres liardy roses, none better grown, 44 Greenhouses of Palms, Ferns.
Kos -s, Geraniums, Cumins, etc. Mail size postpaid. Direct deal will insure you
the best and save you money. Try it. Valuable catalogue free. Fifty-two years.
1200 Acrfi8

THE STORES & HARRISON CO., Box 16, Palnesville, 0.

1905.

865

NATIONAL GRANGE.

The thirty-ninth annual meeting of the
National Grange was held at Atlantic City,
N. J., November 13-23. Master Aaron Jones
stated that the Order has received 60,000
new members during the year, well scattered
throughout the country. He referred to the
educational features of the organization as
giving opportunity to study advanced agri¬
culture. including the relation of the elements
of the atmosphere to the elements of the
soil ; the elements of the soil to the require¬
ments of plant and animal life; the study
of domestic science and the science of govern¬
ment. lie emphasized the need of teaching
the principles of agriculture in all public
schools, and referred with appreciation to
the educational work of the agricultural
press. He gave the following summary of
needed legislation deemed of special import¬
ance by the Grange ;

Tutting rural mail delivery on the same
permanent basis as city delivery ; establish¬
ment of postal savings banks ; election of
1'nited States Senators by popular ’ vote ;
regulation of trusts; enlargement of powers
and duties of Inter-state Commerce Com¬
mission ; regulation of use of shoddy ; en¬
actment of pure food laws; extension of
markets for farm products equally with man¬
ufactured articles; construction of a ship
canal from Mississippi Iiiver to Atlantic
Ocean via the Great Lakes; placing salaries
of Government officials on the basis of like
service in private business ; parcels post,
telegraph and telephone in the mail service;
State inspection of all corporations; just
taxation of all property.

The various reports showed a membership
aggregating 800.000. A few items of special
note gathered from conversation, speeches
and reports follow :

Mr. Gardner, of Maine, said that 80 per
cent of the Granges own their halls, valued
at more than $800,000. Two of the most
expensive cost $14,000 and $13,000; eight
dedicated during the past year averaged
nearly $4,400 each. He believed Iloulton
Grange, with 904 paid-up members, to be
the largest in the country. The Patrons’ in¬
surance companies of Maine are carrying
more than $30,000,000 worth of business.
Mr. Hill, of Pennsylvania, reported 6,000
new members during the year, and activity
in looking after legislation needed by agri¬
cultural interests. Mr. Hill was one of the
delegates to the international agricultural
congress held in Italy last Summer, and
seemed much impressed with the proceedings.
He thought this movement should have the
strong endorsement of the Grange. Mr.
Hadley, of New Hampshire, said that that
State has appropriated $730,000 for highway
Improvement during the next six years. He
favored National legislation in this line.
Mr. Detrick, of Ohio, spoke for the use of
convict labor on the highways. Statistics
show that the total expense, including guard,
for keeping three convicts at work on the
roads is only one dollar. He believed that
punishment of this kind would tend to lesson
crime. “Defalcations and other betrayals or
trust would be less common if pounding
stone, digging ditches and shoveling gravel
on the road were the punishment, rather than
some light job or kidglove sinecure in a
flower decorated office with no surroundings
indicative of prison life.’’ He also favored
untaxed alcohol for fuel, lighting and powet.
This would make demand for 100,000,000
gallons of alcohol per year, which could be
made from grain or vegetables in times of
surplus and stored indefinitely. Mr. Ladd
said that in Massachusetts the Grange Fire
Insurance Co., carries $3,000,000 In risks at
less than half the cost in old line companies.
Mr. Leed.v, of Oregon, referred to the excel¬
lent work done by the Grange fairs. Oregon
State Grange is strongly in favor of parcels
post and National aid for highways. Mr.
Westgato, of Kansas, said that one of the
strongest, banks in the State is owned and
operated by the Grange.

The gratitude of the Grange to one of
its seven founders, the only one now living
was expressed in the tangible form of a pen¬
sion of $100 per month to be paid to O. IT.
Kelley during the remainder of his life. The
Seventh Degree was conferred on a class of
1 ,300.

Resolutions covering the following matters
were introduced: Federal control of railroad
rates; stringent enforcement of oleo laws
and prompt action to fight the proposed re¬
peal of the Grout bill ; modification of
immigration laws in the interest of farm
labor; the establishment of Grange banks,
approval of work of Department of Agri¬
culture in gathering crop statistics; protec¬
tion of timber lands; removal of tariff on
logs and lumber; teaching the principles of
agriculture in public schools; favoring parcels
post ; employment of convict labor in road
building; removal of tax on alcohol used for
industrial purposes. One resolution con¬
tained this emphatic language regarding in
sura nee ;

“The National Grange condemns and brands
as criminal any attempt to influence legisla¬
tion or control the votes of legislators by
the use of money. All officers or others who
use the funds of insurance companies for
personal gain are embezzlers and should be
punished. Any contributions by the officers
of the company to further flic interests ot
any political party is a corrupt use of money.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

It is urged that no member patronize a life
insurance company that pays any of its
officers more than $25,000 per year or per¬
mits the contribution of money to political
causes for private gains or to influence
legislation.’’

From all points of view the meeting was
considered successful, and the week's outing
at this delightful seaside place was much en¬
joyed, particularly by members whose homes
are far inland. The sessions were held in
the Music Hall and Casino on the Steei
Pier. Much credit is due to those who have
hitherto directed the affairs of this great
organization with such combined wisdom,
aggressiveness and conservatism that serious
dissension has not crept in and the Grange
has steadily moved on until it is recognized
as a mighty force in the Nation.

Officers were elected as follows : National
Master, N. J. Hatchelder, of New Hampshire;
Lecturer, George W. F. Gaunt, New Jersey;
Overseer, T. C'. Atkeson, West Virginia ;
Steward. J. A. Newcomb, Colorado ; Assistant
Steward, F. E. Marchant, Rhode Island;
Chaplain, W. K. Thompson, South Carolina ,
Treasurer, Mrs. McDowell, New York ; Secre¬
tary, C. M. Freeman, Ohio; Gate Keeper, S.
R. Powers, Wisconsin; Ceres, Mrs. R. T.
Ladd, Massachusetts; Flora, Mrs. A. M. Hor¬
ton, Michigan. H-

Cement on Tin Roofs. — I seriously doubt
the practicability of coating an old tin roof
with an inch of cement mortar, though I
do not know of an instance where such an
experiment has been tried. My reasons are
as follows : 1. Most old tin roofs have

been coated «#veral times with paint, which
will prevent a perfect bond between the
cement mortar and the tin. 2. Expansion
joints -would be necessary, for of all ex¬
posed surfaces the roof of a house is sub¬
jected to the greatest changes of tempera¬
ture. 3. A cement mortar is by no means
waterproof ; however, this latter reason will
not be a serious one, as water would prob¬
ably not have time to penetrate through an
inch of good mortar under such conditions.
The proportion of sand and cement should
be decided by the porosity of the sand. An
amount of cement should be used which will
just fill the pores of the sand.

Dept, of Agriculture. logan w. page.

Killing Gkassii offers. — Prof. C. B. Simp¬
son, Entomologist of the Transvaal, South
Africa, writes of a campaign against locusts.
Doubtless some of our readers when boys
read the account of the locust plague in
“The Bushboys.” “We are placing our main
reliance upon a strong arsenical spray. The
spray consists of one pound of arsenic, half
a pound of carbonate of soda, one pound
of sugar, and 10 gallons of water. These
chemicals are boiled together so as to make
the solution arsenite of sodium, which is
sweetened by the sugar. In order to show
you how effective this is, I need only cite
one instance of a farmer who noted a swarm
of fully-grown “voetgangers” — that is, grass¬
hoppers in their last stage before obtaining
wings — which was 200 yards long and 50
yards wide. These locusts were advancing
down a hill toward his mealies. (The term

; -v?/ 1 "**

— ■ - ” ftM •> v

Reproduced Photograph of a ^
Vermont Dairy Bam and Silo
covered with Paroid Roofing, s

A PAROID ROOF

The roof that lasts and anybody can lay. ’ Thousands of the most progressive
farmers, dairymen, poultrymen, as well as railroad companies and the U. S.
Government are using Paroid for roofing and siding in preference to all others,
because they have proved that Paroid is

The Most Economical _ _

The Most Durable [ OI All Ready Roofings.

The Most Satisfactory )

This Is Why:

got

proof against sparks, cinders, water, heat, cold, acids and gases Light slate
color; contains no tar; does not run nor crack and does not taint rain water.
Don’t be put off with a cheap imitation. Get the economical Paroid — the roof that lasts.

(np fTppp Camnlo and name of nearest dealer. Investigate for your-
11,1 11 kJalliptC seif. Fora 2 cent stamp we’ll send new book of
complete plans for poultry anil farm buildings.

F. W. BIRD & SON, Makers.

(Originators or the free Roofing Kit— fixtures for applying in every roll)

East Walpole, Mass., Established. 1817. Chicago, Illinois.

600 page General Catalog free on request.

WHITE, VAN GLflHN & CO.,

Wivanco Sewing Machine

Guaranteed for Five Years.

The latest, most popular, drop head Sewing Machine
furnished with 2, 4 or fi side drawers and long center
drawer. This machine has a perfect reciprocating
shuttle, lock stitch, and is light and easy running.
It is well made, honest and reliable, and wo stand
back of it with the guarantee to return your money
and pay charges in both directions, if you don’t find
it perfectly satisfactory. It cannot be worn out in a
lifetime of ordinary use. The cabinet work is golden
oak or walnut of the latest swell front design. Don't
let this remarkable offer escape you.

Oldest Mail Order House in America. Eat. 1816.

15 Chatham Sq., New York City.

30 DAYS TRIAL

BOLSTER SPRINGS

Wc want the name of everyone who can use Harvey
XXX Bolster Springs. To get these quickly and advertise
the Springs we make a special Introductory offer.

Fifteen years hard usage over all kinds of road9 in
every state of the Union have proven Harvey XXX Bolster
Springs a profitable investment and the best spring on
the market. Relieves the jolt, jar and noise of a farm
wagon, saves damage and shrinkage of fruit, vegetables,
eggs, livestock, grain, etc. Wagon rides easier, wears
longer. _No spring wagon needed with Harvey XXX Bolster Springs on the fiirni wagon. Over 150,000 in sat¬
isfactory use. The shrinkage on one load of hogs, vegetables, fruit or other produce hauled without springs is
more than cost of Harvey Springs. To convince you we offer set on 30 days trial FREE. If not as represented and
perfectly satisfactory return them at onr expense. Surely if they were not all right we could not make this
offer. Drop us a card stating wagon capacity and length of bolster between stakes. We will send you a set
On Trial. You can’t lose on this proposition. ^ , HARVEY SPRING CO., lOSS.CarverAve., Racine, WIs.

Thoroughly
Hardwood Pflr5.

Ail Springs Are Carefully Tested Before Shipping

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

mealies is used in this country instead of
corn.) This swarm was so numerous that
it stopped a railway train, the latter being
obliged to go back several times before it
could cross it. The farmer sprayed a semi¬
circle about 60 feet wide in front of the
swarm, using the arsenical spray. As a
result not a single locust escaped. It seems
that the sugar in the spray has a great
attraction for them, and they eat their nil
of it to their utter destruction.

ARE YOUR

SAVINGS EARNING

5%?

Assets

$1,750,000
Surplus and Profits
$>150,000

Write for full
particulars.

WE are privileged to refer you to n u-
” merous patrons in all parts of the
country, some doubtless in your lo¬
cality, whose savings accounts we
have handled during the past 12
years, and upon which we have never
paid less than 5$. Start an ac¬
count with us any time of the year,
withdraw at your pleasure, your
money always subject to your control,
and earnings will be reckoned at
5# Per Year for every day i»
our care. Remitted by check or com¬
pounded if desired.

Under New York Banking
Dept . supervision and reg¬
ularly examined by same.

Industrial Savlugs and |
Loan Co.,

5TIMK8BLDO..BHOADWAV,.NBW yobs.

A FEEDERS PROFIT

Is not in the amount of feed con¬
sumed ; but in the amount digested.
You can aid digestion, improve the
appetite and shorten the feeding
period by using

CRESCENT
STOCK FOOD

Acts quicker and better than any
other. Saves time and feed and
adds to your profit.

If your dealer won ’t supply you , I will
Send to-day for sample and prices.

CHARLES BUCHAN,

STANLEY, NEW YORK.

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Grimm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost in one season. This is Guaranteed or no
sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print “0” free. Terms, May 1.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt., and Hudson, O.

"A Kalamazoo q

Direct to You”

You save from 20%
to 40% by buying a
Kalamazoo Stove or
direct from the
at lowest
prices.
Moreover, you
get a stove or
range not excel¬
led by any in the
world. We guar¬
antee quality under a
820,000 bank bond.

We Ship On

360 DAYS APPROVAL

and Wo Pay the Freight.

If you do not find the Kalamazoo exact¬
ly as represented, the trial does not
cost you a cent. It will pay you to in¬
vestigate.

Send Postal for Catalog No. 1 14»

All Kalamazoo s are shipped prompt¬
ly. blacked , polished and
ready for use.

Kalamazoo Stove Co.. Mlrs.,

Kalamazoo, Mich.

All our cooketove e and range* are fitted with
patent oven thermometer which makes
baking easy. ^

Oven Thermometer

Own a TIRRILL GAS Machine.

For lighting, cooking, power,
and In fact every purpose for
which gas can be used. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed before you pay for
It. Practical and safe Operated
by anyone. Agents wanted.

Tirrill’s Gas Mch. Co.

Founded 1804.

75 Fulton Street, New York.

Dietz Lanterns

We have learned something in 65 years
lantern making. The best
evidence of it is the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

Get the lantern that is the standard of
the world — the Dietz Cold Blast Lan¬
tern. It costs no more than the ordi¬
nary lantern. Most convenient, abso¬
lutely safe, cannot blow out. Many
styles, as plain or as rich as you want.
Ask for free catalog to select. Then if
your dealer will not supply you, we’ll
do it direct.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 1840.

THREE TRAIN LOADS OF ARMY GOODS
Sold to Francis Bamiermnn, 501 Broadway. N. Y.

Tents, all sizes. SSI. 90 up Holsters . 480.10

Mess Pans . 20 Navy Hats, . IO

Haversacks, . 10 Carbines........ 1.00 up

Revolvers . 50 up Muskets . 1.60 up

Sword Bayonets, .20 Machetes . 1 .OO

Saddles . 2.75 up Canteens, . 28

Bridles . 1.00 Leggings . 28 up

New Uniforms. 1.60 Lariats . 58

170-Page Illustrated Catalogue Mailed, 12c.

Largest stock in the world- acres required for storage.

866

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

uralisms

WWW T^yTTVTTTt

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

What About Burbank? — Few indi¬
viduals save presidential candidates and
multi-millionaires have been favored with
such astonishing press exploitation as
Luther Burbank, the California plant
breeder, since the announcement of a suffi¬
cient grant from the Carnegie Institution
to enable him to continue his interesting
work without financial worry. First
came the pretentious high-priced maga¬
zines, then the Sunday papers, weeklies
and syndicates. The 10-ccnt magazines
ha^e since had their innings as well as the
patent inside and local country news¬
papers, the whole punctuated by tele¬
graphic announcements of new wonders in
plant “creation” in the regular daily press.
1 he matter is now dribbling out through
the multitude of mail advertisement pub¬
lications that use clippings and second-hand
news for their reading pages. From first
to last, in all grades of periodicals, the
tone of these Burbank write-ups has been
in the highest degree sensational. Wild
gush and screaming exaggeration is the
keynote. The statements and language
are all so similar, no matter whose name
is signed to the various articles, that a
common origin seems evident. There is
a real public desire for reliable informa¬
tion about Burbank’s work and the gen¬
eral possibilities of plant breeding, as the
subject is novel and fascinating to many,
but this sensational press booming, which
has culminated in the recently issued
book. “New Creations in Plant Life,” by
W. S. Harwood, tends to confuse and
disgust readers with the whole subject.
Mr. Harwood has missed a great oppor¬
tunity to give the horticultural world real
information, and has filled his hundreds
of pages with fulsome personal praise of
Mr. Burbank, depicted as the greatest
genius among plant breeders, with a pre¬
ternatural ability for molding refractory
plants into new, astonishing and superla¬
tively desirable forms. Air. Harwood’s
ignorance of the actualities of the sub¬
ject, about which he writes, is all-pervad¬
ing, and his profound wonder at the com¬
monplaces of propagation and breeding by
hybridization and selection, as practiced
by hundreds of intelligent gardeners all
over the world, is almost pathetic. His
estimates of the value of certain of Bur¬
bank’s productions, such as the calcula¬
tion of a profit of $485,000 to be realized
in 12 years from 160 acres of land, planted
to hybrid walnut trees, 36 to the acre,
seem too absurd to mention, but this is
only a sample of the tenor of the whole
book.

How far Mr. Burbank is responsible for
such bosh is not known. If he does
not enjoy this booming no public disclaim¬
er has yet been made. The R. N.-Y. has
appreciatively followed Burbank’s work
for many years, and has first figured and
described the majority of his productions.
Nearly everything that he has given to
the public has been grown on our trial
grounds. We believe him to be an en¬
thusiastic and energetic originator, but we
do not consider him the foremost plant
breeder in the world, if measured by the
general success of his introductions to
date. He may be the most extensive
breeder in regard to the variety of plants
he is working on, and in the number of
seedlings grown. He has exclusively en¬
gaged in this work for the last 12 years,
while other highly successful plant-breed¬
ers have kept within the bounds of busi¬
ness caution, and devoted their energies
to the perfection of special products. Thus,
without touching on the invaluable ser¬
vices of such originators, now dead, as
Ephraim W. Bull, raiser of the Concord
grape, or Peter M. Gideon, who gave the
Wealthy apple to the Northwest, we may
mention the grand and little rewarded
work of Jacob Aloore, New York, produc¬
er of Brighton, Moore’s Early and Dia¬
mond grapes, as well as splendid currants ;

T. V. Munson, Texas, who has rehabili¬
tated the grape industry of the Old World
through breeding resistant stocks, and has
originated scores of new varieties of the
greatest value, and the venerable H. A.
Terry, Iowa, for 36 years a patient and
successful breeder of valuable paeonies
and native plums. It is no kindness to
mention the name of the California grow¬
er, now heading towards the poorhouse,
after giving the State two of the most
profitable stone fruits ever grown. These
men are all “great” in their specialties, and
have given horticulture enduring and val¬
uable novelties without receiving a frac¬
tion of the praise landed by Burbank.

Instead of using weird and peculiar
methods of inducing plants to yield to his
desires, Burbank employs the ordinary

manipulations of plant breeders — selec¬
tion, hybridization, re-selection and prop¬
agation by seeds, grafts, cuttings or divi¬
sion, and only differs from the most ob¬
scure worker by going into the business
on a larger scale. He has been helped and
hindered by the peculiar California cli¬
mate ; helped by having a longer and more
economical working season each year, with
little need of glasshouse protection, and
hindered by being deceived as to the gen¬
eral value and actual hardiness of new va¬
rieties bred under such conditions.

As far as his climate gives him a prac¬
tical monopoly of experimental breeding
with certain plants, such as Pacific coast
flowers, his products are unique, and may
be superior to previously existing varieties,
but when he handles subjects worked on
by breeders in other localities, he does not
always make a specially brilliant showing.

I hus the novelties he has sent out among
Amaryllis, Aquilegias, field daisies, callas,
Cannas, Gladioli, Nicotianas, Verbenas,
roses, rhubarb and tomatoes are not by
any means world-stunners, but have been
greatly surpassed by other raisers. The
same may be said of his Rubus berries,
quinces and chestnuts. What he has in
store for the public we do not know. The
plants named above have been grown on
the Rural Grounds, or accurate informa¬
tion has been received from unprejudiced
sources. His Primus and Phenomenal
hybrid berries are outclassed by the
Loganberry, raised by a Californian. The
Loganberry is so successful in Europe that
French gardeners talk of uniting to award
the originator, Judge Logan, a medal for
his service to horticulture. The Burbank
plum, the most successful of all Japan va¬
rieties, was not produced by Luther Bur¬
bank. It originated in Japan and was
named, propagated and disseminated by
Burbank in his capacity of nurseryman.
The Burbank potato, one of his earliest
novelties, has probably met the widest ap¬
preciation of any of his productions. It is
a dark-skinned variety, much grown near
the Pacific coast, but long superseded in
the Last by the splendid kinds raised by
the late E. S. Carman, former editor of
T he R. N.-Y., and others. The statement
that the Burbank potato is conquering the
Potato blight of Ireland, and is to add un¬
told millions to the resources of the Brit¬
ish Islands, should be taken with many
grains of allowance. It is adapted to
moist climates, being extensively grown in
Oregon and Washington, and may endure
blight better than European kinds. Alar.y
American potatoes have this advantage,
including the excellent Gold Coin, raised
by E. L. Coy, Vermont.

Burbank is not a “wizard” of horticul¬
ture, nor a “creator” of anything what¬
ever. He is a skillful and experiencec
plant breeder, and a sincere plant lover.
The plant-breeder’s work is to direct ex¬
isting life forces in desirable plants, so
as to produce useful and interesting varia¬
tions. The public is not greatly interested in
freaks and oddities of vegetation that do
not have positive ornamental or economic
value, but does want superior forms of
plant life that may enhance the beauty or
increase the productiveness of the earth we
live on. The Carnegie grant will enable Mr.
Burbank to do much better in the future,
in that he will not feel obliged to part with
a new production until satisfied it is really
better than its predecessors in some partic¬
ular, and that it has at least sufficient
vigor to live out of California under ordi¬
nary cultivation. Probably no fragment
of the mountain of money known as the
Carnegie fortune will do more real good
than the very moderate sum to be used for
carrying on Burbank’s work.

Florence Fennel. — One of several
minor vegetables, new to our markets but
old to southern European cultivators, is
the sweet or Florence fennel, Foeniculum
dulce, a moderate “hand” of which is
shown in Fig. 387, page 863. It is a great
favorite among Latins and is now abund-
antly grown and used by our Italian immi¬
grants. Plants or hands double the size
of the illustrated specimen are common
in the East Side street markets of New
York. Florence fennel is an easily grown
annual, thriving luxuriantly in any deep,
rich soil. It may be sown like the carrot,
to which it is related, and the seedlings
thinned to four inches apart in the row.
The shoots or leaf stalks are bleached by
earthing up like celery, and are ready for
use in 12 to 14 weeks after sowing. Plant¬
ings may be made in succession, but a
sowing in April and another in July give
a fair supply, as all plants do not develop
at the same time. Sweet fennel is eaten
like celery, and is also boiled and served
in salads. The flavor is mild and agree¬
able when one becomes accustomed to it.

It adds a pleasant relish when ground or
chopped raw into pepperpot and similar
preparations. The plant is extremely orna-
mentaHn the garden, while the airy, grace¬
ful foliage makes a desirable green for cut
flowers, lasting many days in water. The
seeds are aromatic, and are used to some
extent in medicine and for confections, but
the fennel-seed of commerce comes chiefly
from a near relative, the common fennel,

F. officinale. The Giant fennels some- 1

times grown for ornament belong to the
genus Ferula. There are two species, F.
1 ingitana and F. communis, differing but
little in garden effect, though the latter is
the more compact of the two. They grow
very tall, and develop large, beautifully
divided leaves and heads of yellow blooms.

w. v. F.

Business and
Exercise

For Men or Women

A good paying business
with exercise enough to
keep you hearty and alert.

You work when you feel
like working ; you rest
when you feel like resting.
You’re in good company
— with The Ladies’ Home
Journal and The Satur¬
day Evening Post.

And there’s more money
in it than the average
American makes. Let us
tell you about it* — write
to-day.

The Curtis Publishing Company
C 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

Stylish
Cutters

Latest styles, newest
models. Sold direct
from factory to user at
factory prices.

Kalamazoo Axle Runners.

Make an elegant sleigh of your buggy , quic k. easy,
cheap. Adjust for uny axle. Write forcatalog now
bo tore sleighing time. Special discount on bug¬
gies and carriages for the next 60 days. Address

Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.,

Box 220, Kalamazoo, Mich.

KEEP WARM!

Don’t risk comfort, health and life itself
by going through the cold drives of another
winter without

The Standard Carriage Heater.

Keeps you as warm as if you were at
home, and at a cost of less than two cents
for a whole day. No trouble, no smoke,
no smell, no danger.

Notice the sloping shape of the Standard
Heater, which is so restful to the feet, It
is recognized as the standard of QUALITY
and EFFICIENCY, and is

GUARANTEED UNCONDITIONALLY.

Money refunded if not in every way
satisfactory.

An ideal Christmas present.

Most dealers handle the Stan¬
dard. Write to-day for
souvenir blotter, and illus¬
trated circular which tells
you all about
them— free.

I The Xgg,

Standard^&Lssa
Stamping
| Marysville. Ohio

‘WONDERFUL*

CUTTER OFFER

*4

QE buys this new
30 ISOS Cutter
.Gear, as illustratad.

Attach your buggy
body to this gear in
twenty minutes and
you have a perfect
and complete cutter.

buys
this
hand¬
some
new
1 SOS
style
Plano
Body
Cutter.

Illustrated, the
• w e 1 1 e st square
body cutter on the
market.

WE S ELL all
grades of latest
style Portland Cut¬
ters complete with

prii

bef

'ore heard of.

WE CAN SHIP ON AN HOUR’S NOTICE.

W e have a big stock of all styles on hand and can make
Immediate shipment. For the most wonderful cutter
offer ever heard of, astonishingly low prices, liberal
terms, guarantees, etc., cut this ad. out and send to us,
or on a postal card, or in a letter say, “Send me your
Gutter Catalogue. " Y ou willrecelve by return mail, free,
Dostpaid, our latest Cutter, Sleigh and Bob Sled Cata-
ogue in colors, all our price offers, terms, etc., and THE
MOST LIBERAL cutter offer ever heard of. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, IT..,,

Portland Cutter

Only $16.70

This handsome, stylish and popular cutter Is
made of guaranteed materials throughout. The
body Is the latest style, 30 x 34 Inch, 22-inch back,
gives warmth, comfort and elegance In appear¬

ance. Gear woods are select air-seasoned, runners
are rock elm, steam bent, x % Inch. Knees and
beams x % inch, channel shoes Inch,

braces clipped to knees and gears Ironed up very
strong and secure. Removable trimmings, dark
green union cloth or whipcord, as preferred; regular
stuffed cushion and spring back. Paint— body black
with fancy moulding, gear and shafts Brewster green
or carmine neatly striped. Complete with shafts and
shifting bar. Only S1G.70.

A Full Line at Factory Cost

All these cutters, except the Speeder, L-230, have
channel shoes and removable upholstery. All of
them, Including the Speeder, are fitted with good
shafts and quick shifting bar, which Is held in posi¬
tion by thumb-screw, can be changed from one posi¬
tion to another in a minute’s time and gives you
choice of having horse travel straight ahead or at one
side. Remember this, more cutters are made In
Kalamazoo than In any other city In the United States
and when you deal with us you deal at headquarters
and pay one smallprofit only, to actual shop cost.

. $20.50

A favorite cutter, ele¬
gant design, extremely
substantial, heavily Ironed ,
well braced, wing dash, ex¬
tra high roll back. Body 34
, __ in. wide, 30 in. long, seat 18

„ , , . . , In. deep, highly flnlshed,

spring cushion and back removable. Trimmed In
green cloth or whipcord. Has carpet, nickel arm and
dash rail. Body painted In black, striped with green
or carm ine, gear also striped. Channel shoes. This
cutter is extra quality, only $20 50

Only $21.50

This Great Eastern Port¬
land Cutter, very fine, high¬
ly finished, nicely trimmed,
extra roomy, easy riding. Is
trimmed In heavy green
wool cloth or whipcord.

Body painted rich black, L-IOO

striped with green or carmine, gear also striped.
Channel shoes and removable upholstery. Carpet
and all other trimmings. Price $21.50.

Only $26.00

Our Old Comfort cutter Is
simply fine. Very roomy,
spring cushion seat and
high back.trlmmedlnextra
quality heavy broadcloth

_ or whipcord, and all other

L-180 trimmings strictly first-

class. Body painted black and tastefully decorated.
Channel shoes and removable upholstery. You
can’t possibly make a mistake in buying this cutter.

Only $29.50

This is the very latest
style and can’t be beat any¬
where In the world at this
price, it’s one of our very
best, too. Has wing dash,
spring back and cushions,
fine broadcloth trimmings *--60

and all other trimmings to match. Channel shoes
and removable upholstery. Has flue wire screen on
dash; and the price, only $29.50.

$peeder, only
$46.50 VOTy,efine

light cutter for speeding
or pleasure, made from
absolutely the best ma¬
terial that can be obtained.

L-230 Every knee and beam well

Ironed and braced. Shafts, best selected hickory.
Seat 85 In. wide: back 14 In. deep; height from
ground to under side of body where step fastens,
24 Inches. All with green broadcloth trimmings.
Painting strictly high class. This speeder is a beauty
and the price is factory price.

Extras for any cutter. Pole, instead of shafts,
add $1.50; pole and shafts, add $3.00; genuine
car plush, red or blue, add $3.75; 2S-oz. rubber top
for auy cutter, add $12.50.

We will stake our business reputation on these
cutters. They are high class and cannot be dupli¬
cated by anybody else for the price and we will prove
It. Select the cutter you want, send us the whole
amount with order or $3.00 just to show good faith
and we will ship the cutter at once on approval. If
satisfied pay the freight agent the balance due. If
It is not exactly as represented, we will pay freight
both ways and at once refund your $3.00 or any other
amount you have paid us. Seud forournew general
catalogue C87. Full of bargains in everything for
the farm and home.

Buffalo
Robes $1.00

ON APPROVAL

For buggy, sleigh or auto¬
mobile there is nothing
finerto be had at any price.
American Buffalo Robes are
a thing of the past, but we
offer the “KAZOO” BUFFALO ROHKS, a substitute that has
every appearance and many advantages over the genu¬
ine Buffalo Skin Robe. They are pliable, soft, lined with as¬
trakhan and interlined with rubber cloth, making them ab¬
solutely wind and waterproof and much wanner and more
comfortable than any stiff skin robe. These robes are worth
$10.00 of any man’s money and you will say so when you see
it. You cannot buy a more elegant appearing or more ser¬
viceable robe at $25.00 retail. We sell to you direct at almost
factorvcost. 54x52. . $5.00 54x02. .$6.00 54x72. .$7.00

Send $1.00 as guarantee of good faith. Pay the agent the balance
when you got your robe. If you are not absolutely satisiied,
tell the agent to return it to us at our expense and we will re¬
fund you your $1.00 and pay charges both ways.

Why not order robe and cutter together and save
all transportation charges on robe — will pack It
under seat of cutter and guarantee safe delivery.

CASH SUPPLY & IYIFG. CO.

536 Lawrence Sq ., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

HARNESS

; by

MAIL

Direct from the factory.
Selected stock, oak-taiuiea,
custom-made. All styles.
Guaranteed to give satisfac¬
tion, or return goods at our
expense and get your money
back. Illustrated catalogue
F and price-list FREE.
Tiie KING HARNESS CO.
6 Lake St., "*

O wego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

867

Hope Farm Notes

Old Friend Gone. — It is like recording the
death of a member of the family to say that
Major, the old sorrel horse, has passed away,
lie has done nothing for several months but
nibble grass in the pasture and give good
advice to the brown colt. This old horse
had a history. He must have been a beauty
and a great roadster in his day, but he fell
upon evil times and finally got down to a
place in front of a horse car — before electric¬
ity mercifully came to the rescue of such
poor brutes. I know he did his duty theie,
as he did everywhere, but he broke down and
was sold to a farmer for $7 ! He limped
to the country where wounds of body and
soul are healed and got back his strength.
He was taken in part payment for a debt,
and seven years ago I bought him for -foO.

I have never regretted that bargain, for
though the old fellow frequently reminded
us that his years were many, he always
worked willingly within his strength. I
could tell many stories of the old fellow’s
shrewdness and wit. He had a habit of
shaking off his bridle, which sometimes got
his drivers into trouble. Once two women
drove him through a ford in the river to
water him. He shook off his bridle, and
when the women started to drive on the
bits were out of his mouth and the lines
would not guide him. Old Major's feet were
very comfortable in that running water, and
when he was told to “get up" he simply
waded in deeper. In the end one of these
good women was obliged to take off shoes and
stockings and wade in the water to put old
Major’s bridle on. The old horse was legally
correct, for he had been taught to mind
the rein ! Many a night the old veteran has
picked his wav through the darkness and
mud carrying child or man safely home. He
was faithful to the end. Peace to him !
Horses must have something that corre¬
sponds to the human soul, or else they could
never receive a recompense for the abuse
and suffering some of them must endure
upon earth. We shall have a memory of
old Major for some years, for his hide will
he sent to Rochester to be made into a lap
robe !

Home and Farm. — Work on our house
crawls slowly. The masons come early and
put in a good day, the carpenters come a
little later and put in a sort of “sawed-off”
day, while the plumbers come later still and
quit earlier. I have heard the jokes about
wealthy plumbers, and I am inclined to be¬
lieve that they have a wealth of time at least.
If a plum grower undertook to handle his
crop as these gentlemen with the b attached
to the name do his profits would certainly
be plumb with 0. While we are waiting for
the new house Jack Frost puts in a day or
two with extra white trimmings, which
makes the old stone house feel like an ice¬
house. The room in which I claim Wash¬
ington slept is certainly a cold storage place !
However, all the Hope Farmers manage to
keep warm — 'including the hens, which are
now safe in Winter quarters. I haven't said
much about our chicken business lately — but
we start the Winter with nearly 225 layers.
We will wait till we make them lay before

doing any crowing . Philip and

Lars seem to be well pleased with the out¬
come in Norway. One Sunday afternoon last
Summer I found them out behind the barn
with the rifle going through the manual of
arms. It looked then a little like war, and
they were ready to go hack if need be. Sev¬
eral nosters announcing Norway’s demands
were nailed to our barn door. It seems to
he all seitled now — but why does Norway call
for a king when she might become a Re¬
public? That is what beats me, and Philip
lias no explanation to make. I do not crave
the job of being figurehead of a country that
has just kicked the crown off another man’s
head. At any event I do not see that the
new king will be anything more than a sort
of hereditary president — not by any means
as strong as one elected freely by the people.
Lars has left us, as the Fall work is about
cleared up. lie goes to Dakota, where some
friend of his father’s has a farm. Lars got
his first impression of American society at
Hope Farm, but I don't know how our Jersey
methods will fit into the West. . . . We

have the mulch pulled away from the trees,
and most of them mounded for Winter.
Al>out three more days will finish spraying.
The scale looks pretty sick where we put the
soluble oils, and I feel hopeful I hat we can
control it with this spray, i will not bet on
it yet, however. When the Fall work is done
we shall go at the woods. I want to clear
off two fields for planting a new orchard,
and also cut a number of oaks for timber.
There is quite a quantity of White birch
which, I am told, has some value now. I
want that value, and the axes will sound all
Winter at Hope Farm.

Good Cows. — On page 811 I spoke of our
cows. A dairyman in New York figures our
problem as follows :

“Your butter problem would he solved as
follows : 22 pounds milk, 352 ounces, which

is contained in 24 ounces .068 times, or 6.8
per cent butter : churn test, which, less 15
per cent, 5.78 per cent butter fat ; or, as
would probably be more nearly correct, less
20 per cent, 5.5 per cent. Twenty-two
pounds milk for 24 ounces butter, is 14 and
two-third pounds milk for one pound butter,
which is excellent, but not so very unusual
as you evidently think it is: not for this
season of the year. I have nine cows that
will very nearly do as well right now. and
some of them are practically “new milkers.”
You see with butter at 25 cents you are re¬
ceiving nearly 3% cents per quart for
your milk besides having your skim-milk left
on the farm. There you have the reason,
plain enough for even the dullest person to
comprehend, why it is more profitable to
make butter at home than to sell milk at
the prevailing prices for each. What you
have done with your cows, anyone else can
do with theirs if they will take the same
pains ; and it pays.” h. a. g.

This Is sound reasoning, and I believe it.
I am very sure that good dairy butter can
be sold to good advantage in any town or
city. Yet it is very evident that dairying is
a business which requires brains and skill.
A man must make a business of it and be¬
lieve in the cow as well as in himself. There
is a spirit or sentiment about it which the
dairyman must have, whether he knows he
has it or not.

Fall Planted Strawberries. — Samuel

Cooper, who has made quite a reputation
for producing late crops of fruit sends me
the following note :

“I was interested in your account of setting
strawberries in the Fall, and would suggest
that you try setting three or four plants as
though one plant in xUigust or September,
and set about 15 inches apart in the row.
You will be surprised to see the amount of
fine fruit you will get the next season.
Then after fruiting cut out every other hill
and you will have a fine row for next season,

I find this much less work than setting in
the Spring and weeding all Summer!”

Tills is a new idea to me, but I will try
it next year. It is against the ordinary ad¬
vice to put more than one plant in a place,
but I must say that the nearest I have
come to success is where I have cut away
from some of my pet beliefs and given new
things a careful trial. Our Fall-set plants
still look well, though they have had some
sharp freezes. We shall begin mulching next
week.

Fruii Eaters. — A worthy member of the
Apple Consumers’ League in Ontario Co.,
N. Y., sends this note on November 14.

“Last night for supper we had our last
mess of Sal way peaches. AKliough picked
over three weeks ago, they had kept well,
and while not a first-class peach, they tasted
very good with sugar and cream, and this
morning the temperature was four degrees.
Zero and peaches don't often come quite so
close together. I wish that this morning
you could have stepped into a room where
I have a nice pile of Northern Spies. It was
a feast just to stand there and take in
that fragrant, aromatic, spicy odor that
filled the room. Talk about your Baldwins
and Greenings — they are ‘not in it’ with
the Spy.” J. R. w.

We might have peaches at Thanksgiving,
but we would have to pick them off the
pantry shelves — in jars. Our Salways have
not fruited yet. We look for them next
year. As for apples— we call Baldwin very
satisfying ; at the same time I would cer¬
tainly try to keep those Northern Spies from
rotting. Down in West Virginia they felt
sorry for the poor fellows who had to be
satisfied with Northern Spy. Grimes Golden
is better. In northern Vermont they had
sorrow for the poor Grimes Golden chaps
who could not get any Fameuse. So there
you are, we must all come down to the
general proposition that “there’s no place like
home !"

Farm Power. — This question faces many
farms. While North Carolina is a long way
from New Jersey I think this problem Is;
much the same to all of us:

“I have to cut about 125 cords of wood into
short lengths for heaters annually. Will the
readers of The It. N.-Y. tell me the most
economical way to cut it? The wood is
cut in four-foot lengths, and split to con¬
venient size for handling. I have no power
of any kind, and not other use for it at
present. It will cost $1 per cord to cut by
hand. Which will be cheaper for power,
steam or gasoline engine, or tread power.”

L.

I am going to get a gasoline engine for
our own" power. We have wood to cut,
stalks to shred and water to pump, and I
believe that with the power actually on hand
other uses for it will develop. I have recent¬
ly been looking at some small engines, and
it is simply astonishing to see what they will
do. I know that sometimes they balk and
stand still, but I believe in the principle of
them. If I was in this man’s place I would
get such an engine and a saw. Other uses
for the power will develop. I saw one case
recently where such a little engine pumped
in little over an hour a full supply of water
for 85 head of stock. The farmer watched
it work and said : “Oh, my poor back ! If
I had only known that engine before !”

h. w. c.

Making Winter
Money.

In this country there is a vast oppor¬
tunity for the man on the farm to turn
his winter days into money. Thera is
work everywhere for a man who owns
and knows how to handle a good, service¬
able power. And it does not take a tech¬
nical man, a trained mechanic to make
money in this way. We do the technical
part. We study the thing out and put it
up to you. Then you make money all
through the winter days when most of
your neighbors are idle. That’s what
makes men prosperous and powerful in
this country— taking advantage of the
opportunities that lie right at their door.

I Take the matter up with our Farm
Power Men. Write about the work in
your neighborhood and let us lay out a
money making campaign for you. It won’t
cost you anything to see what we can sug¬
gest. And don’t wait. Write now. Let us
send you our free book on Farm Power,

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men.

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales, trucks, valves and fittings, gas and
gasoline engines, farm machines, machine
tools, factory power transmission,
factory supplies.

Albany, New Orleans, Baltimore,

Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg,

Buffalo, Syracuse, Hartford,

Bangor, Me.,

j London, England, Glasgow, Scotland.

r°*/«

-

| WRITE
FOR IT
I TO-DAY

Bret Sawyer picked up some “Infer-1
nal notions while on the rampage”
which, applied to farming, converted
the old farm into a veritable gold mine.
He solved the problems of reducing ex-
\S^/' I 7 J) //! penses and increasing his output, at the
/! same time materially increasing the value
III of his farm. A happy narrative with a meaty
kernel. A complete illustrated story in book¬
let form, absolutely free to every farmer,
or farmer’s family, who asks for it before the
edition is exhausted. We will send with this
free book our catalogue of Simplicity Gasoline
Engines, which will give the clearest understand¬
ing of this ideal power for farmers’ use possible to obtain without a practical test.

SIMPLICITY GASOLINE ENGINES

are built by an old and reliable firm having had broad experience in the manu¬
facture of fine machinery. The best of material is used throughout and each
vital part is constructed by an expert m his line. The Simplicity has fewer
parts than any other gasoline engine, is more easily understood, requires less
attention, is less liable to get out of order and calls for fewer repairs than
anv other It will almost run itself and at a cost for fuel of less than a cent
an hour per horse power. Simplicity of construction and a perfectly equipped
factory means low cost and a correspondingly low selling price when quality is
considered. The “Simplicity” is not only a convenience but a necessity on the
farm It saves man hire and horse wear. Takes the place of the tiead power,
sweep power, and wind mill. Does the work of all these and more, at a great
I saving of time and trouble. Write us and let us tell you all about it.

FREE TRIAL OFFER

We will send our “Simplicity” Engine on
Free Trial to any farmer living in a com¬
munity where we have no distributer not
a cent to be paid until you have had a
chance to thoroughly test it, and see for
yourself that it Is just what we represent it to be.

1 Cut out, sign aud mail attached coupon to-day.

| WESTERN MALLEABLE & GREY IRON MFG. CO.

SlO Chate St. Milwaukee, %V1«.

Western Malleable & Grey Iron Mfg. Co. _
216 Chase St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Gentlemen: Please send me FREE of all ex¬
pense a copy of your new illustrated book,
and full information on “ Simplicity ” en¬
gines.

Name _

Address _

6 m

ABENAQUE

Write for Free Cat. O.

99 COMBINATION CIRCULAR AND DRAG
SAW OUTFIT WITH 5 H. P. ENGINE.

Everything
on one set
of trucks.
Simple,
Strong,

Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE
ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

THE WATERLOO

GASOLINE ENGINE.

A POPULAR
•ENGINE AT
RIGHT PRICE.

Write to day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

WATERLOO. IOWA.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3*a H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger&

400 Cherry Street
Wrigjitsville, Penna.

Stoddard Combination

Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth

Does more work, saws more wood
aud makes more money than any
other outfit at twice its cost
Send for Catalogue Eli

Stoddard Mfg. Co. . Rutland, Vt.

Cheapest Power on Earth.

Less parts and 'ess wear than any other engine
made. Any one can run a Smith Gasoline Engine
— They are furnished
complete Including water
and gasoline tanks, batteries
are ready to run when un-
Cvory engine Is guaran-
absolutely perfect. Has
our new solid cylinder head. “No
gaskets to blow out.” Snap spark
igniter. Perfect governor &
generator. Forged steelcrank
shaft, phosphor bronre
bushings. Simplest engine
ever produced. Fewer
Parts, Highest Efficiency.
Creetest Economy, Lowost
Price. Easiest engine on
earth to start. CUT THIS
AD OUT, send it to us, wo
will mail you catalog free
It gives more information on
_ _ was ever printed before.

Smithm anu f actu ring com pan y,

E 105 Harrison Street, Chicago, Ml.

make

gasoline engines

Try It Before You Buy It

If it don’t suit, return it. We’ll pay freight.

Quaker City

MILLS

are sold on above proposi¬
tion. Reduced price this
year. 40yearson the market.
8 sizes. Ballbearing. Grinds ear corn and
small grain. Send for free catalog.

The A. W. Straub Co • 47*49 CauslSt., Chicago, 111.

ICE PLOWS

and ICE TOOLS.

Write for Discounts.

H. Pray. North Clove, N.Y.

BCE

H>At

In Three
SIAM.

CUTTING uw!“7

DOBSCH All Steel, Double-
Bow ICE PLOWS. Marks aud
cdta two rows at a time , cuts any size cake
and any depth, and does it with ease and economy.

Does the work of twenty men sawiug by hand. Pays for itself 19
two days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

4 ohn DunchA Sou 2 2 ft W ells tit.,MUwuultee,W la

86B

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwoou, Kdltor.

I)r. Walter Van Fleet,! AKSOOiafcpH
Mrs. k t. Hoyle, ( Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business ManaRer

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 Vi marks, or 10% francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
tve will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect: subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we he responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to u’s within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
Is for, should appear In every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

We are asked when the prize essays on the farmer’s
garden are to be printed. They were so practical and
useful that it was decided to make them the foundation
for a book on gardening, which will soon be published.
'I his book will, we are confident, prove a real help to
all who desire to make a good garden on the farm. It
is a good companion volume to “The Business Hen.”

*

1 he so-called “Good Roads” amendment received a
majority of the vote cast in New York at the last elec¬
tion. Few people in the cities seemed to care much
about it, while a fair vote was recorded in the rural
counties. This means the spending of $50,000,000 for
good roads, and, what is of more importance, it fixes
the principle of State control over and interest in public
highways.

*

The article by Mr. Eldredge was crowded out of our
Thanksgiving issue, but it is like a piece of white meat
with plenty of gravy and dressing at any time. Some
of these Yankee farmers are wonderfully ingenious, and
the things they will do with a single horse are astonish¬
ing. Here we have the wind harnessed and the elbow
and back raised to about the fifth power. Put such a
man as this anywhere and he will make a home and a
competence. What he says about the children of to-day
wanting to begin where their fathers left off is pretty
close to the core of one great big social trouble.

*

The State of Ohio passed a law aimed at gambling
which gave the right to sue the owner of a gambling
place for money lost therein. A woman brought suit
to recover money gambled away by her husband. She
won, under the State law, but the decision was appealed.
The United States Supreme Court has now upheld
the decision, thus making the law constitutional. This
is right. The gambler is a criminal, and has no moral
right to his winnings. He now has no legal right to
them under certain conditions. Now the owner of prop¬
erty where liquor is sold ought to be made responsible
for losses sustained by those who drink there.

*

A Chicago seer wearing the title of “professor” has
been reading the stars and casting horoscopes at $3 each,
but the stars failed to warn him against the malign in¬
fluence of Uncle Sam’s stripes, and he is now barred
from the mails by a fraud order. This “astropathic
professor” sent thousands of letters each week to persons
whose names appeared on mailing lists, which every
scalawag in the mail-order line may purchase in the
open market. Upon receipt of the hour, day, month
and year of birth of the proposed customers he sent each
a horoscope. He had 12 stock horoscopes, one for every
month, but he interjected into each one the information
that the recipient was suffering from a dangerous ner¬
vous disease. The horoscope, valued at $3, was sent
free, but the afflicted recipient was asked to send $4.80
for medicine. Thousands of victims are said to have
responded ; where they appeared unmoved by the evi¬

dence of the stars other letters were sent out, and some¬
times the price of the medicine was reduced. The un¬
scientific minions of the law refused to be moved by
astropathic influence, and recommended a fraud order,
which was promptly issued by the Post Office Depart¬
ment. No doubt many a household is $4.80 short on
some home comfort, as a result of this vulgar swindle,
hut we doubt whether members of The R. N.-Y. family
are among them. It is always well to remember, how¬
ever. that the family doctor, even when an ordinary, un¬
pretentious general practitioner, knows more about your
health than the long-range faker who heals by corre¬
spondence even with the stars thrown in as side part¬
ners. Furthermore, when you give your name to one
of these frauds you give it to many, since they sell and
trade mailing lists, and you thus invite into your letter
box all that is fraudulent, debasing and obscene. And
the active partner of tip’s unholy crew is the publisher
who gladly welcomes them to his advertising columns.

♦

A large part of the programme at the New York
State Dairymen’s meeting, held at Binghamton, Decem¬
ber 13. will be given to a discussion of “certified milk.”

T his society tries to be up with the times, and probably
no phase of dairying is now attracting more attention
than this production of high-class milk. People have
learned that milk is a necessity, and also that filthy or
infected milk may be dangerous for the family. There
is therefore a growing demand for some sort of guar¬
antee of purity and health. This is one of the best
things that has ever happened for enterprising dairy¬
men, because it will give them a sure market at a higher
figure.

*

Some weeks ago we mentioned the case of a milkman
in New Jersey who had trouble with milk inspectors.

1 hey claimed that his milk was below standard, and the
judge fined him $50. We felt sure it was a ease of
gross injustice, and we advised this man to refuse to
pay the fine and demand a trial by jury. He would not
do it, feeling that a poor man would have no chance.

T he papers now tell of a Jersey woman who had more
spunk. The milk she sold was declared inferior, but she
fought for her rights in the courts and won the victory.
We know little about this case, but we respect anyone
who is willing to fight for iiis legal rights. One reason
why farmers have lost some of their old-time rights is
because they do not like to stand up for what belongs
to them. 1 hey owe it as a duty to themselves and to
their business to object when others attempt to “walk
over them.”

*

Dozens of letters contain expressions like the follow¬
ing— this one from the Pacific coast :

I have been much Interested in subjects that have been
ventilated In the columns of your valuable paper, especially
the parcels post and wire fence question. Keep at them ;
you are bound to win, and he a public benefactor.

The prospect of becoming public benefactors doesn’t
deprive us of sleep. What agriculture needs most of
all is an army of 500.000 private benefactors who will
cut some of those hard knots with a postage stamp.
Take this very man— has he written a dozen letters him¬
self. or is he waiting for us to do the work for him?
Can he not see that we have no real power unless he
and thousands of others do personal work?

*

We have had much to say about the game laws in
the Eastern States and the way they affect the farmer.
Here is a new story taken from a Massachusetts paper:

A farmer in Riverton, Conn., ran to his house to save
bis life when a buck deer attacked him in his field, and the
animal followed him to the door. The farmer then said he
thinks it is time for the repeal of the law which protects
deer and makes the farmers run away from their own land.

He stayed in the house and watched the deer devour his
crops, and did not feel in the mood that makes a man want
to go to prayer meeting. But this country must have its
sport, and farmers should not bo afraid of deer.

The man who sends the account adds :

From all accounts, it looks as if we must soon adopt the
custom of our remote ancestors, viz: take to the tall timber
and climb trees.

No, we would better adopt some other customs of our
ancestors; pull up timber not so tall and use it for
clubs. We would never permit that buck to keep us
penned in the house while we had a charge of coarse
salt or fine shot !

♦

A Tennessee reader suggests the following as a new
reform to fight for:

I inclose a dollar hill, the microbes in which I will not
venture to number, hut this prompts a suggestion, which
has been advanced by a Tennessee Congressman ; namely,
that our Government take in hand the matter of redeeming
these filthy old greenbacks in whatever part of the country
they are found. You seldom have such dirty money In New
York City, hut it is with us. like the poor, always. Your
paper generously fights for some needed reforms, that will
surely in the end benefit all farming communities. Could
you not add this to your list and help to add one more
comfort to the farmer’s existence?

That bill certainly looked as if it might be full of
microbes. Still, we will take the risk on 10,000 of them

if eacn will lead a new subscriber in. With many farm¬
ers the problem of getting hold of a dollar is harder
than that of killing the microbes in it. Still, there can
he no doubt that disease may easily be carried in paper
money. It ought not to circulate after it becomes greasy
and foul and every time it strikes a hank it should he
rep aced by new bills. Merchants, ticket sellers and

t iers who handle money ought to help in this, and hold
such filthy pieces of paper out of circulation. They caif
do it if the Government will, provide new currency in
exchange.

*

I he American people are lining up on the question
of regulating the rates charged by railroads. The ques¬
tion is whether the Interstate Commerce Commission
shall have power to enforce its rulings. As it is now
this Commission can hear complaints when shippers
consider that rates are unjust, and, after hearing testi¬
mony, decide whether such rates should be changed As
the law now stands such a decision by the Commission
is little more than a suggestion. It has no power to en¬
force its decision— -that can only he done by Congress.

It is proposed that Congress shall give the Commission
power to enforce its own rulings. Objections of two
kinds are made. One is that such power cannot be
delegated by Congress, but the Supreme Court seems
to have decided that it can. 1 he other objection is that
such power would he used to injure the railroad busi¬
ness so that all connected with it would suffer. The
railroad employees seem to fear that their wages will be
cut, and they have gone to the President with a protest.

I lie Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, said to num¬
ber 250,000 members, have issued a long statement in
which the following appears :

I lie membership of thPse organizations is now a liitle
more than 250,000 and there are still behind ns another full
million of laborers in the railroad world who would l.e
similarly affected by any reductions in the earning capacity
of the railroad lines of (his country; and what Impresses
ns with more force than any side of the issue is this: Why
have the railroad interests in particular been selected for
lids attack? \\ hy is the Interstate Commerce Commission
or some similar commission not to lie clothed with the same
absolute authority to fix the maximum prices on beef, pork,
oil, clothing, butter and eggs. etc. — in fact, everything which
one lias to buy every day?

The answer ought to suggest itself to anyone. No ,
"attack" is to be made upon the railroads. They will
simply be compelled to permit fair competition, give
up unfair rebates and treat all shippers justly. After
the evidence already before the people no sane man -
will claim that the present laws are adequate. The rail- .
roads are essentially public properties. They do a public • j
service and depend upon public franchises. Many or • |
most of them owe their very existence to gifts or special; i
privileges from the public. They have stifled competi--
tion, and in some cases even prevent the extension of' I
electric lines which would give good service to farmers.-.

It is nonsense to compare the railroad business with the>
production of butter, cheese or cotton. As to “corners”’ j
or deals to prevent fair competition in necessities, we*
already have laws aimed at such practices. Possibly it
will be found later that a commission will enforce tliemi 1
better than Congress could.

BREVITIES .

Give the hen meat.

Frost eats fat from the bones of the slocks

A scent (tainted) spoils the face of a doUar..

Ok course the hotbed soil lias been made ready.

Are you in business for what runs away from It?

About the last chance to get road dust for the poultrr '
house.

Do you still believe in fumigating nursery stock before
planting?

Make the hens dance for their greens by hanging the
cabbage up above the floor.

You can raise the Lame of a calf without milk but not
the picture of a good animal,

Has anyone ever used a cyclometer on a mower or binder
to measure the work done? Is this fair measurement?

We recently saw a traction engine in a peach orchard

pulling out old trees. They were cut off at the crotch _ a

chain fastened (o the top, and the engine walked off with
them as a man would pul! up a tomato vine!

She was a new cow, and bless your heart, how she could j
eat, and everything seemed to taste so good to her! Gould
you ask for a better sign, provided, she didn’t put her food j

into fat? Ever see a real good cow that wasn’t a good 1

feeder? We want more of the big eaters. .

The American “quick lunch” restaurants, which were Ur J
introduce Ihe London public to “sinkers” and similar robust /
delicacies, have failed after brief hut costly experience. |
As the result of long experience with the American “quick I
lunch” in all its deadly forms we are inclined to endorse
the Londoners’ judgment.

Cotton from Rhodesia. South Africa, has been tested in
Liverpool. England, with very satisfactory results. It is
said to be practically identical with Texas cotton, which is
largely used in Lancashire. The British Cotton Growing
Association has been disappointed in Its West African ex-
perlments, but it is believed that Rhodesia can produce
three-quarters of a million bales a year, the only difficulty
being the labor supply.

1905.

86 ^

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — A fraud order against Maxwell II. Byrd and
“M. II. Byrd, manager." of the Globe Detective and Infor¬
mation Bureau. No. 00 Wall Street. Manhattan, was issued
by the I’ost Oflice Department November 14. Efforts to locate
Byrd have been unavailing since the Department issued an
order on November 4 calling upon him to show cause why
the fraud order should not be issued. Byrd purchased names
and addresses from letter brokers, the postal inspectors dis¬
covered, and sent to individuals in many States a letter
declaring that the information bureau had “just received
important documents which lead us to believe that you may
be the lawful heir to a very large sum of money now being
held in trust by one of the largest banks In the world.”
lie expressed his willingness, for a fee of $2. to furnish
“documents signed and s worn to. giving full particulars
regarding the money referred to, the name and address of
the bank, the court where the case is awaiting disposition,
the name and address of the law firm, and how you should
instruct your lawyers to proceed with your case to have
it settled at the earliest possible moment.” The letter de¬
clares that the bureau had agents everywhere, and that the
“system covers all part3 of the civilized world.” What was
sent to persons who answered the letter was a copy of
“Dougal’s Register of Next of Kin, Heirs at Law and Cases
of Unclaimed Money Advertisements,” published by a London
bookseller.

INSURANCE AFFAIRS. — .Tames llazen Hyde, as a witness
before the Armstrong Investigating Committee November 14
practically accused ex-Gov. Benjamin B. Odell, of New York,
of blackmailing the Mercantile Trust Company out of
$75,000, as a settlement of a suit brought by him to recover
losses he made In an investment in the bonds of the United
States Shipbuilding Company. Mr. Hyde proved to be the
most important witness yet examined by this Legislative
Committee. He charged that E. II. Hardman told him the
Mercantile Trust Company, which was owned by the Equit¬
able Life, had better settle Odell’s suit. There was the
possibility of a bill being put through the Legislature repeal¬
ing the Mercantile's charter. As a result. Bainbridge Colby,
counsel for the Mercantile, advised its officers to pay Odell
$75,000. Odeli, who was then Governor of the State, took
the money, but did not turn over to the Trust Company
tiie Shipbuilding Ironds on which he based his suit. He
sold these securities and retained the proceeds. On March
31, 1904, tiie late Senator Ambler, one of Odell’s friends,
introduced a bill which, if it had gone through, would have
annulled the charter of the Mercantile Trust Company. The
$75,000 was paid to Odell in the Fall of the same year. E.
II. Hardman and Henry C. Frick tried to form a conspiracy
to remove him as a factor in tiie Equitable so that they
i could get possession of the society and its $400,000,000 of
assets. Mr. ITyde testified that Frick's first move in this
, direction was an effort to have him appointed an Ambassador
by President Roosevelt. Hardman. Jacob II. Schiff and
.Senator Iiepew did all they could, he said, to further this
tplan. He was attracted by the idea, and after they had
unade all the preliminary moves he went to Washington
sand saw the President at the White House. The Ambassa¬
dorship he sought was not given him. Hardman and Frick,
while pretending to he his friends in his light witli James
W. Alexander, knifed him in the back and did everything
possible to depreciate the value of his stockholdings in the
Equitable Life, and then made an offer to his lawyers to
buy his stock control of the society. Mr. Hyde also testified
that the Equitable's yellow-dog fund, maintained in the
Mercantile Trust Company as a loan, and known as the
James W. Alexander No. '3 account, was used for three pur¬
poses, namely, to settle suits, the purchase of Equitable
stock and for political contributions. When this loan was
liquidated, last July. Hyde paid out of his private funds
$212,000. The accusations of blackmail were absolutely
denied by Odell, when the ex-Governor became a witness.

The following were tiie most important points brought
out at the investigation November 21 : First. — That Sen¬
ator Thomas C. Platt had for many years collected funds
from insurance companies for State elections. Second. —
That tiie Equitable contribution had been $10,000 annually;
that of the Mutual $10,000, occasionally, and that the New
York Life apparently made no contribution. Third. — That
these sums were paid by Senator Platt to the chairman,
secretary or treasurer of the Republican State Committee.
Fourth. — That the Senator understood that in return for
these contrib it ions lie should, through his influence with
the State committee, see that no hostile legislation was en¬
acted. Fifth. — That he had never been asked to intervene
(to stop anv such hostile legislation. Sixth. — That Senator
jDepew's “friend up the river” mentioned previously was
\W. S. Manning, of Albany, who has collected “hush money”

from the Mutual and Equitable for many years for not
"being hostile" to these companies. Seventh. — That the
Equitable carried on its payroll a former Tammany president
of the Board of Aldermen and Acting Mayor, who obtained
the reduction of the real estate assessments of officers of
the Equitable.

FARM AND GARDEN. — Following is a list of the special
bee-keepers’ institutes to be held this Winter in New York
State: Amsterdam. December 11; Syracuse, December 12;
Watertown, December 13; Fulton, December 14; Auburn,
December 15; Romulus, December It!; Geneva, December

18- 19. The institute assigned to Orchard Park December
11-12, has been changed to East Aurora, and Pavilion,
December 1-2, should be Pavilion Centre.

The annual distribution of vegetable and flower seeds by
the Department of Agriculture will begin on December 1,
and before planting time it: is expected that the whole
amount, aggregating 38,000,000 packages, will be in the
hands of the people in all sections of the country. For
several years Congress has appropriated $290,000 for this
purpose, but a portion of the amount is used for foreign
experiments and other kindred matters. The bulk of the
thirty-eight million packages is subject to the order of
Senators and Representatives for distribution among their
constituents, the Secretary of Agriculture reserving one-fifth
of the entire amount to supply the statistical crop corre¬
spondents, tiie Weather Bureau, and for other purposes. Tiie
country has been divided into six sections, with* especial
regard to climate and soils and the seeds will he sent only
to those localities to which their propagation and growth
are believed to be especially adapted. In addition to vege¬
table and flower seeds the Department sends out quantities
of cotton, forage, and field seeds to localities to which they
are best suited, and from which it is thought, good results
may be obtained.

The tenth annual Chicago show of the National Fanciers’
and Breeders' Association will he held January 22-27. 190(i.
Premium lists with classifications, rules, list of judges and
all necessary information to exhibitors will be issued about
December 15, 1905. The mailing list includes 20,000 names,
and it is the purpose to send to all interested. All desir¬
ing information should write to Fred L. Kimraey, Secretary,
Room 500, 325 Dearborn Street.. Chicago. III.

The New York State Breeders' Association has issued an
interesting programme for its meeting at Syracuse December

19- 21. The Ayrshire Breeders, Central Guernsey Breeders,

Cheshire Swine Breeders. Ilolstein-Frlesian Breeders and
New York State Sheep Breeders will meet at the same time
and place. _

NEW YORK’S BEET SUGAR FACTORY .

There is only one manufactory of beet sugar in this State,
and its location is in Lyons, Wayne County. To go from Au¬
burn to Lyons by carriage, it is better to pass over the
Montezuma marshes. These marshes cover about 15.000
acres, and are the expanded outlet of Cayuga, Seneca, Keuka
and Canandaigua lakes. Immense deposits of calcareous shells
are found here from which the best cement in the world is
obtained. Ou easily accessible portions of these marshes
there are cut annually, an average of about 200 tons — when
dried — of flags or cat-tails, the harvesting of which con¬
stitutes a large and remunerative industry. Hundreds of
thousands of dollars have been expended by this State in
an effort to drain these marshes, and all. as yet, of no
practical effect. "Great expectations” are in order now how¬
ever, as tiie "Barge Canal" — if ever completed — will have
a depth in this marsh, according to the present plan, of
about four feet, so that a very considerable and important
drainage may be secured.

The Lyons* Beet Sugar Refining Co., for tiie season of
1905, has had about 5.000 acres devoted to the growth of
sugar beets. The average yield per acre is of greatly vary¬
ing amounts according to quality of soil, culture and
weather conditions, but it may l>e safe to say, while the
variation is from 12 to 22 tons per acre, a fair average
will be about 14 tons. The number of tons consumed in tne
making of sugar in a day at Lyons, is about 450, but under
a pressure of orders, 530 tons of beets have been used in
24 hours. The average amount of sugar from one ton of
beets, is 200 pounds* and tiie average daily amount of sugar
manufactured at Lyons is 100,000 pounds in 24 working
hours, granulated. The beets are not injured for sugar
by being frozen, and yet alternate freezing and thawing
is seriously detrimental. The acreage devoted to sugar
beets in central New York is regularly increasing at the
average rate of 20 per cent a year. Aside from the sugar,
the remaining pulp is an item of considerable value as food
for cattle, and especially so for milch cows, as the result
is an improvement in the flavor of the butter and in its

color. The demand for this pulp is continually increasing,
its market extending to-day from Lake Erie to the Hudson
Valley, and its excellence as food for tiie dairy has .already
been so thoroughly tested as to bring out a testimonial
from the United States Agricultural Department. There
are about 50 beet sugar manufactories now in the United
States, the greater increase being in California. c. f. n.

Auburn, N. Y. _ _

FRUIT GROWING IN WEST VIRGINIA.

The recent meeting of tiie West Virginia Horticultural
Society at Martinsburg was in some respects a notable one.
There was a good programme made up of short, practical
papers, with plenty of discussion. One day was given to
a long drive over the famous “Apple Fie Ridge," with
demonstrations of spraying and a talk on the San Jose
scale in the open air. A dinner, consisting, among other
things of 200 apple pies, was served, and every feature of
the day was delightful. A gavel made of wood taken from
the original Grimes Golden apple tree was presented to the
Society. The show of apples was remarkable for color
and quality. A stranger going to such a meeting comes
away greatly impressed witli the possibilities of this sec¬
tion for fruit production. Along the hills, down through
the State, such varieties as Grimes Golden and York Im¬
perial grow to perfection and the heavy crop years come
when, as is the case now, prices are high.

It is astounding to see how few northern people there are
who really know anything about West Virginia. In a gen¬
eral way many understand that great quantities of coal and
metal are taken from the State, but few realize what these
hills have to offer to home-seekers. Tiie novels of Craddock
and others have given a sinister reputation to the ridges
running down from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. This repu¬
tation is entirely unjust to the kind-hearted and prosper¬
ous people who are quietly making the hills famous as fruit
producers. 'Hie fact is that few parts of the South offer
better opportunities for certain classes of home-seekers than
this section of Virginia and West Virginia. Here a north¬
ern farmer can grow much the same crops he does at tiie
North on cleaner land and under some conditions that are
more favorable. The West Virginia people are too modest
in pushing the claims of their State.

BUSINESS BITS.

Do you have cold feet when driving? No one knows the
full pleasure of Winter driving until he has used a modern
foot warmer in a sleigh or buggy. They keep you warm
and comfortable for a whole day at a cost of less than two
cents for fuel. It seems to us that one of these warmers
is worth more than its cost for a single ride on a cold day.
The Standard Stamping Co.. Marysville. <).. manufacture the
best one we have seen, and guarantee "money back” if not
in every way satisfactory. To know all about it write them
to-day.

One of the greatest conveniences that can lie put in a
barn is a feed and litter carrier, such as is manufactured
by tiie Louden Machinery Company, Fairfield. Iowa. It
saves a world of wheeling, carrying, etc. It can be run
from mangers to granary or silo, from stables to manure
pile, in fact, any place where there is anything that needs
to be regularly carried out or in. It is not an expensive
arrangement, and almost any feeder will more than get his
money back in convenience in a single year. Write to
them" for particulars, if interested.

Ox account of numerous complaints that inferior imita¬
tions have been sold as Iluberoid Roofing the Standard
Paint Co. desire to inform the public that they are the
only manufacturers of “Ruberoid,” which is a registered
trade mark : that they manufacture no other brand, and
that any and all imitations of name or combination of ma¬
terials are an infringement. The registered trade mark
“Ruberoid" is stamped on every four feet of the genuine,
and all purchasers desiring the Standard Faint Co. product
should look for the earmarks before buying.

A smooth, even pull is less wearing on wagon, horse and
harness than a lighter load over rough, frozen roads. A
load of loose hay is less racking than tiie same weight of
stone. The well-known Harvey bolster spring is the most
practical device ever produced for tiie purpose of convert¬
ing a lumber wagon into a comfortable and safe vehicle.
Over the rough roads of Winter they easily save their cost
in a short time in the saving to wagon, horse, harness and
load, not to mention the comfort to the driver. We would
suggest that every farmer who is not already supplied write
tiie makers, Harvey Spring Co., 108 South Murray Avenue,
Racine Junction, Wis„ for full particulars and prices.

“To ride, to shoot, and to speak the truth” was all our
forefathers thought necessary to teach a boy— if he could do
these three tilings, tiie rest would take care of itself.

Nowadays boys ride something besides horses, shoot
something besides arrows, and, let us hope, learn something
of geography, arithmetic and spelling, as well as speak

the truth. . , . ,

But it is just as true to-day as ever it was, that the hoy
who rides, shoots, and speaks the truth, is apt to be a pretty
manly sort of fellow, who knows how to look after lnmscll
and will make hi* way in the world.

Give your boy a “Stevens” and you give him a good
start towards confidence and self-reliance, which is at the
bottom of all accomplishments.

Our 140-Page Catalogue FREE

It tells all about the famous Stevens shotguns,
rifles and pistols, how to select them, how
to test them, how to care for them. Send
four cents in stamps to cover postage. _

If your dealer can’t supply you with
Stevens Firearms, order from us direct. 1
Sent prepaid on receipt of list price.

J, STEVEN* ARMS & TOOL CO.

200 high St.

Chicopee Falls, Mass., U.S.A,

BOYS’ RIFLES

Stevens-Maynird Jr. $3
Crack Shot . • • $4
Little Krag - • - J5
Favorite, No. 17 • $6

k

Jj

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

• Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country In the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
Ho well built that their durability Is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
SU years ago being still in active service.

Bend stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

35 Wurreu 8t., New York. *** !39 Fmukllii 8t., Bolton

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. SIM Craig St Weal Moutre.l, I*. 9-

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. ** Sydney, N. S. W.

Tttuleute-Uey 71, Haviuu, Cub*. _

c

IAREFULLY conducted
experiments.

many years,
clusively

ranging over
have proved con-
that the liberal use of
essential to the pro-

Potash is
duction of big yields of full¬
eared corn.

Let us send you our practical books telling of these and
many other careful crop-feeding tests ; they are free to farmers
without any cost or obligation. Send name and address.

Address, QERMAN KAL! WORKS. 93 Nassau St.. New York.

7/larf t

If you are going into the woods or mountains after big game you
will need a rifle that you can trust your life to and that won't fail you.

The simplicity and strength of 772ew/i/t high power rifles and the
certainty with which they work makes them the choice of big game
hunters of wide experience. Take a tf/f/rr/jn repeating rifle with
you and be sure of your safety and sure of your game.

The .32-40 and .38-55 high-power smokeless cartridges are the

greatest game killers ever made. They make a big hole and go mighty deep.
Black powder loads are used where less power is required.

Ou r " Experience Book ” Is full of big game stories which you will enjoy.
Free, with 130-page Catalogue, for 3 stamps postage.

77ie TSar/in firearms Co.,

157 Willow Street New Haven, Conn.

87o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December &,

[ Woman and Home

From. Day to Day.

LAUS MORTIS.

Nay, why should I fear Death,

Who gives 11s life, and in exchange takes
breath?

He is like cordial Spring,

That lifts above the soil each burled thing;

Like Autumn, kind and brief —

The frost that chills the branches frees the
leaf ;

Like Winter’s stormy hours
That spread their lleece of snow to save the
flowers ;

The lordliest of all things —

Life lends us only feet. Death gives us wings.

Fearing no covert thrust,

Let me walk onward, armed in valiant
trust —

Dreading no unseen knife.

Across Death’s threshold step from life to
life !

Oh, all ye frightened folk.

Whether ye wear a crown or bear a yoke,

Laid in one equal bed,

When once your coverlet of grass is spread.

What daybreak need you fear?

The Love will rule you there that guides
you here.

Where Life, the sower, stands.
Scattering the ages from his swinging hands.

Thou waitest, Reaper lone.

Until the multitudinous grain hath grown.

Scythebearer, when thy blade
Harvests my flesh, let me be unafraid.

God’s husbandman thou art.

In Ilis unwithering sheaves, oh, bind my
heart !

— Frederic Lawrence Knowles, in “Love
Triumphant.”

The newest silk petticoats are all
trimmed with little pleated ruches of
pointed pinking. These ruches are used
to trim accordion-pleated ruffles at the
foot, while gored flounces are often
trimmed with several ruches.

*

The return of the circular skirt is a
noticeable feature in dress this Fall ; many
of the new models approach quite closely
to the bell skirts fashionable nearly 15
years ago. The same shape is obtained
in the many-gored umbrella skirts, which
are often especially desirable in cutting
narrow goods.

*

A brass hanging lamp which did not
harmonize with the room was painted
dull black with one of the ready-mixed
varnishes. It now has the effect of
wrought iron, and is very pretty and ar¬
tistic. The same plan may be carried out
advantageously in the case of any metal
lamp that is tarnished or discolored.

*

It is a favorite assertion with some
amateur hygienists that dainty and appe¬
tising cooking is a menace to health,
since it induces one to eat more food than
the system really requires. These teach¬
ers assert that when a capricious appetite
turns from plain food it should not be
coaxed in any way, since repugnance for
food must mean that the system does not
require it. Medical science, however, does
not endorse this view. The New York
Medical Record says that the Russian
physiologist Pavlov has clearly demon¬
strated, in his researches on digestion,
that the ingestion of substances with a
purely nutrient value does not sufficiently
satisfy the demands of the body — taste
and appetite must also be taken into con¬
sideration. These are satisfied only by
the addition to the food of spices and salt,
and it is largely due to the influence of
these condiments that the proper amount
of gastric juice is liberated by the mucous
membrane of the stomach. The action
upon the stomach of reflex stimuli is
shown by the favorable effect on the flow
of the gastric secretions made by mental
impressions induced by the mere sight and
odor of a well prepared dish. In this
manner Epplen leads up to the broad
claim that the proper preparation of Jill
food, as demanded by the essential re¬
quirements of the culinary art, is not a
luxury, but a physiological necessity, and
to develop and disseminate this knowledge
is an act beneficial to the public welfare.
The same view is taken by Mrs. Mary
Hinman Abel, who, in her prize essay,
“Practical Sanitary and Economical Cook¬
ing,” remarks : “Surely the economical
housekeeper who would throw out of the
list of necessaries all the things that tickle
the palate, that rouse the sense of smell,
that please the eye and stimulate our tired
nerves, just because these things contain
but little food, would make a grave mis¬
take. She may know just what cuts of
meat to buy, what vegetables are most
healthful and economical, but if she does
not know how to make the mouth water,
her labor is largely lost. Especially if
she has but little money should she pay
great attention to this subject, for it is the
only way to induce the body to take up
plain food with relish.”

Be like a rock that is beaten by the
waves. The rock stands firm while the
serried waves sink down before it. — Mar¬
cus Antonius.

Brush nud Comb Case.

When Bettie displayed the compact lit¬
tle cases she had made for her friends to
use when traveling, she explained ; “You
see how simple it is. You cut two pieces
of linen 10 inches long and five inches
wide, and round off all four corners
evenly. The brush pocket is formed by
these two pieces, but you must not put
them together till the other pockets have
been added. But bind and brier-stitch the
one that is to have the comb pocket on it.
For this cut a piece an inch smaller all
around, that is, eight inches long and
three wide. I basted the binding of white
ribbon all around this, then basted it in
the center of the larger piece and brier-
stitched it down. The stitches held the
binding in place and also secured the
pocket firmly, but of course I was careful
not to catch my stitches to the under part

around one end, for the comb must slip in
and out there. On the other side of the
case there are two pockets. Cut third
piece of linen exactly like the first two,
rounding the corners just the same. Then
cut this across the middle and fold each
back across the straight edge for a half¬
inch hem. Brier-stitch the hems with the
white embroidery silk. These pieces make
pockets for hair pins, curlers, etc., and are
closed with flaps bound and brier-stitched
around and provided with loops to slip
over small white buttons. The two flaps
can be cut in one piece, and if you have
rounded the corners of your case well off
the flaps can be merely a circular piece
five inches in diameter. Lay it on the
center of the other 10-inch piece and
stitch across the center. Next put the two
hairpin pockets in place beneath it and
bind and brier-stitch all together entirely
about the edges. You have then only to
lay the two 10-inch pieces together and
stitch them about the edges on the sew¬
ing machine just inside the bindings, leav¬
ing of course one end open that the brush
may be put in there. You see the whole
thing will launder well and adds almost
nothing to the weight in your suit case.”

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

Liver and bacon cooked in a saucepan
or casserole is much richer and more del¬
icate in quality than when fried. JSlice
liver about half an inch thick, and put in
a buttered saucepan, peppering lightly.
Over the liver lay a dozen thin slices of
bacon, and strew these with chopped onion
and parsley. Cover closely and cook
slowly for about two hours. The cooking
must not be hurried. When ready to serve
the liver, let the gravy, with the bacon
in it, boil hard for two minutes, then pour
it over the liver in the serving dish.

*

One of our friends had occasion to dye
some cotton goods yellow recently, using
a standard commercial dye, and being un¬
familiar with the process her first attempt
was a color much too deep. Being fa¬
miliar with chloride of lime as a bleach¬
ing agent, she at once tried a solution of
this to lighten the color, with the start¬
ling result that the bright yellow imme¬
diately began to change to seal brown !
Chemical reactions appear in unexpected
results to the uninitiated, but in this case
the experimenter began to rinse the goods
through clear water, until, after some
trouble, the brown disappeared, and a uni¬
form light amber was secured. It is ob¬
vious that unless a deep bright color is
desired, one should test a shred of the
goods before submitting it all to the dye-
pot; also, it will be wise to abstain from
experiments, unless one’s chemical knowl¬
edge is exact enough to cover possible
contingencies.

Home Made

Have your cake, muffins, and tea bis¬
cuit home-made. They will be fresher,
cleaner, more tasty and wholesome.

Royal Baking Powder helps the house
wife to produce at home, quickly and eco¬
nomically, fine and tasty cake, the raised
hot-biscuit, puddings, the frosted layer-
cake, crisp cookies, crullers, crusts and
muffins, with which the ready-made food
found at the bake-shop or grocery does
not compare.

Royal is the greatest of bake-day helps.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO.. NEW YORK.

WANT AND NEED.

There’s a big difference
between what a baby wants
and what he needs. Deny
him the one, give him the
other. Most babies need
Scott’s Emulsion — it’s the
right thing for a baby. It
contains a lot of strength¬
building cpualities that their
food may not contain. After
a while they get to want it.
Why? Because it makes
them comfortable. Those
dimples and round cheeks
mean health and ease. Scott’s
Emulsion makes children
easy; keeps them so, too.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl St., New York,

THERE iS NO
SLICKER LIKE

Forty years ago and after many years
of use on the eastern coast. Tower's
Waterproof Oiled Coats were introduced
in the West and were called flickers by
the pioneers and cowboys. This graphic
name has come into such general use' that
it is frequently though wrongfully applied
to many substitutes. You want the genuine.
/ ZBO L°°k for the -Sign of the fish, and
- the name Tower on the buttons.

!/ MADE IN BLACK AND YELLOW AND

SOLD E>Y REPRESENTATIVE TRADE
THE WORLD OVER. "j
1 XTTOWER C0..B0ST0M. MASS., II. 5. A.
TOWER CANADIAN CO.,LitniU<LTOtONTO.CAH.

This Is the Mark

that stands for the
range which
BAKES

A BARREL OF FLOUR
WITH

A HOD OF COAL.
SILL STOVE WORKS,
Rochester, N. Y.

Trade-Mark,

dealer Jl fir Gnarnnteed to go twice as far

for it JW as Paste or liquid polishes. X- Hay is the
J ** ORIGINAL Powdered Stove
Polish. It j?ives a quick, brilliant lustre and Doeg
Ufo t Horn O ft. Sample sent if you address Dept 40
LA .TIONT, CORLISS St CO., Agtg., 78 Hudson St., New York.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

RURAL MAIL BOX.

Best made and
most durable box
on ttie market.
Don’t be deceived
by pictures that
look like

“ The Hessler.”

To get the best,
insist on having
the Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not the im¬
itation. Agents
wanted in every
town.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Syracuse, N.Y.

HOOD ROBBERS

/Hoop\

TRADE (RUBBER COMPANY] MAR K)

V BOSTON /'

NOT MADE BY A TRUST

/£ you cf/vuot c£r ru£S£ /?u&-
Bf/tS F/tOAf rOU/tB&UBB-WB/rB US

3905.

The “Best Ever” Fried Cakes.

Put two cupfuls of mashed potato, two
eggs, two scant cupfuls of sugar, and a
lump of butter as large as an egg into a
mixing bowl and work together until
smooth. Salt to taste. Add one cupful
of sweet milk and five cupfuls of flour into
which five teaspoonfuls, of baking powder

6144 Uirl’s Apron, 6 to 12 years.

has been sifted, and any flavoring liked.
Handle lightly, and as little as possible,
and if properly fried the result will be
“perfectly delicious” cakes that will keep
moist longer than those made without po¬
tato. When making cakes it is best to
roll, and cut but a few at a time, but if,
for any reason, they are cut and allowed
to stand for even a short time be sure that
they are put into the lard bottom side up.
The upper surface quickly crusts over and,
even when unnoticeable to the eye, the
crust prevents free raising of the dough
if it is on top.

When made with few eggs cakes absorb
more fat and sometimes, in spite of all
care, are too greasy to be nice. When
this is the case drain well and then lay on
coarse paper, which will absorb much of
the superfluous fat. If part suet is used,
instead of all lard, the cakes will absorb
it less rapidly. Another cause for greasy
cakes it not having the lard hot enough.
Never put cakes into the lard until it has
passed the bubbling stage and a faint blue
smoke can be seen when “sighting” across
it. On the other hand, the fat must not
be too hot, or the cakes are too hard on
the outside while sticky inside, and, too,
they crust over so quickly that they do
not get as light as they should. Always
have lard enough completely to cover the
cakes. eva ryman-gaillard.

The Rural Patterns.

The useful apron shown in No. 5144 is
made in one piece, the straps being
crossed at the back and brought over the

shoulders, where they are buttoned into
place at the front. The quantity of ma¬
terial required for a girl of 10 years of
age is 1J4 yard 30 inches wide. The pat¬
tern 5144 is cut in sizes for girls of 6, 8,
10 and 12 years of age; price 10 cents.

The boy’s Russian suit shown in No.
5143 consists of the blouse and the trou¬

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

87 1

sers. The trousers are drawn up at the
knees by means of elastic inserted in the
hems and are becomingly full. The blouse
is made with fronts and back only, and
is closed well over to the left side, while
it is held by means of a belt at the waist
line. In this instance the belt is of leather,
but those of the material also are in
vogue. The sleeves are full and gathered
into straight cuffs. The quantity of ma¬
terial required for a boy of four years of
age is 3J4 yards 27, 2]/2 yards 32 or 2
yards 44 inches wide. The pattern 5143
is cut in sizes for boys of 2, 4 and G years
of age; price 10 cents.

The Bookshelf.

Rhyme Thoughts for a Canadian
Year, by Annie L. Jack. This is a very
pretty little gift book, in attractive paper
cover, containing a poem for each month
in the year, with a Shakespeare quotation
for every month. As a writer of prose
both practical and graceful Mrs. Jack is
well known to readers of The R. N.-Y.,
and her dainty volume of verse will be
welcome. Published by William Briggs,
Toronto, Canada ; price 35 cents.

Faulty Diction, or Errors in the Use
of the English Langnage, and How to
Correct Them, by Thos. H. Russell, LL.
B. This is a very useful little book, and
one especially valuable to young people,
or to those endeavoring to repair fixed
errors in speech. It includes faults of
pronunciation and diction ; 1,017 headings
are treated, and the book is printed on
thin Bible paper, and bound in form that
will slip into a waistcoat pocket. Pub¬
lished by Geo. W. Ogilvie & Co., Chicago,
Ill.; price, in cloth binding, 25 cents; in
embossed Russia leather, 50 cents.

Yolanda, by Charles Major. This new
romance by the author of “When
Knighthood Was in Flower” contains all
the elements of a popular success. It is a
story of the fifteenth century, the heroine
being Princess Mary of Burgundy, daugh¬
ter of Charles the Bold, that hot-headed
Duke of Burgundy who defied Louis XI,
leading the feudal lords against the
French king. The hero is a young knight
of the house of Hapsburg, and the story
is told by his tutor, Sir Karl de Pitti, who
accompanies him in his adventurous quest
for fame and fortune. The story is in¬
tensely romantic, full of adventure, and
with a certain background of historical
truth. It will doubtless receive a warm
welcome from the author’s many admir¬
ers. Published by the Macmillan Com¬
pany, New York; price $1.50.

ja&nur

SauA

Some good words about our Booklet
on Farm Telephones.

^ Z Sweet Valley, Pa., Aug. 15,1905.

■ ■ Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg. Co.,

Gentlemen:— Your booklet reached
me safely. You have many valuable
and timely suggestions, and I only hope
that it may find its way into every locality
that does not have the advantage of tele¬
phone service. There is no one thing
at this time doing more to bring the

FARMER ON AN EQUAL FOOTING IN BUSI¬
NESS. EDUCATION AND CULTURE, WITH
HIS URBAN BROTHER, THAN THE TELE¬
PHONE.

As we have two well constructed,
thoroughly equipped, successfully operated
telephone lines in this locality, one known
as the Lake and Lehman Telephone Co.
and the other The Farmers Telephone and
Supply Co., I can do no more than to wish
you success. Sincerely yours, m m

A. E. Lewis. V 7

What Mr. Lewis says about the va.ue
of the telephone in the Farm Home is
seconded by all farmers after they have
once enjoyed the privilege of telephone
service.

We have several booklets which will
tell you how to get a telephone line
started in your community and how to
buy telephones and construction
materials to the best advantage. Ask
for our booklet 102-B, “Plow the Tele¬
phone Helps the Farmer.” We will
send you a copy by return mail.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. MFG. CO.
Rochester, N. Y. Chicago, Ill.

Eddyston£

PRINTS

Sumpson - Eddystone

Black & Whites

Many beautiful, quiet patterns,

Appropriate for mourning dresses, as
well as elaborate and attractive de¬
signs for every taste. Color abso¬
lutely will not fade.

Ask your dealer /or
Simpson- Eddy stone Black IVhites.

Three generations of Simpsons have mad<

Simpson Prints.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

No. 10,
Price *5.00

Ready to
Butcher ?

If you have an Enterprise Meat
Chopper you are ready to butcher
any time. This machine does away
with all the hard work of sausage
and scrapple-making. Saves meat
and money. Cuts fine or coarse , just
as you want it. Will save its cost in
a week. Be sure the name “Enter¬
prise” is on the machine you buy.

ENTERPRISE

MEAT

CHOPPERS

cannot get out of order. They cut clean and stay sharp. Will not
break or rust. 45 sizes and styles, for hand, steam and electric power,
$1.50 to $300. With an Enterprise Meat Chopper and an Enterprise
Sausage Stuffer you can take care of all your meat, besides having
daily use of the chopper in the kitchen. The Sausage Stuffer is also a
perfect lard and fruit press. Write for the “ Enterprising Housekeeper ,”
a book of 200 choice receipts and Kitchen Helps, sent free.

THE ENTERPRISE MFC. Co. of PA., 263 Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS' LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Bookof instructions
for 10c. in stamps. Write nearest ottice.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

153 St. Cluir St. .Cleveland, O.
440 Maine St., Dallas, Texas.

"Rush Market Reports” in "Rush Time"
mean greater profits for you.

WILLIAMS FARM TELEPHONE

is for BUSINESS. Bays for itself in a short
time. Gives permanent service. You can build
your own lines— we furnish telephones and all
line material. Write to-day for complete infor¬
mation. The Williams Telephone & Supply Co-.
78 Central Avenue, Cleveland. O. J

Keen Kutter Tools stand every test of a good tool. You can take a Keen Kutter
Hand Saw, bend the end of the blade around until it touches the handle and it
will spring back straight and true. Every other kind of a Keen Kutter Tool is
as good a tool of its class as the Keen Kutter Hand Saw. The Keen Kutter brand
covers a complete line of tools, and every

mN mm

Tool is made of the finest steel and made in the best possible manner by expert
workmen. This quality tells in actual use — it means freedom from constant sharp-
ening— it means long and satisfactory service. Even in the beginning Keen Kutter
Tools cost little more than inferior qualities — in the end they are by far the cheapest
tools you can buy. Keen Kutter Tools have been Standard of America for 36
years and were awarded the Grand Prize at the St. Louis Exposition.

Following are a few kinds of Keen Kutter Tools, which your dealer
should have — if he hasn't them, write us and learn where to get them.
Axes, Adzes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels, Screw Drivers. Auger Bits. Files,
Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay Knives, Grass
Hooks, Brush Hooks, Corn Knives, Eye Hoes, Trowels, Prun'ng Shears,
Tinners Snips, Scissors, Shears, Hair Clippers, Horse Shears. Razors, etc.,
and Knives of all kinds. Every Keen Kutter Tool is sold under this Mark and

otto . "/he "Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten."

Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE CO., St. Loula, U. S. A., 398 Broadway, New York.

Get it

from, your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER, SirraH;

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE, “and MEN

872

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New Yorker, Dec. 2. 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

A Connecticut Yankee is Thankful. 861, 862

Measurement of Hay in Stacks . 862

Handling Forest Leaves . . ... 863

Soy Beans . 864

Hope Farm Notes . 867

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Mapes, the Hen Man . 866

Farm and Dairy Notes . 874

Shall lie Use a Dorset Ram? . 874

1 lolsteln-Frlesian Breeders . 874

Big Hen Flocks . 87 1

Streaks in Butter . 875

How They Ship Live Stock . 875

Experience With Freeman ins . 875

Western Morgan Horses . 875

HORTICULTURE.

The Czar on an Apple . 864

The Largest Pear on Record . 864

Quinces in Ontario . 864

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 866

Fruit Growing in West Virginia . 8(5!)

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 870

Brush and Comb Case . 870

The “Best Ever” Fried Cakes . 871

The Rural Patterns . 871

The Bookshelf . 871

MISCELLANEOUS.

National Grange . 865

Cement on Tin Roofs . .. . . . 865

Killing Grasshoppers . 865

Editorials . 868

Events of the Week . 869

Business Bits . 869

New York Beet Sugar Factory . 869

Products, Prices and Trade . 872

Markets . 872

Publisher’s Desk . 873

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending November 25. 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these fig¬
ures are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 2, red .

No. 1, Nor them Duluth.
No. 1, hard, Manitoba. . .

Corn .

Oats . .

• • 32

@ 91
@ 93%
@ 93%
@ 57
@ 38

Rye .

Barley, feeding .

Buckwheat .

@ 67
@ 45
@ 65

FEED.

@17.25
@20.00
@22.10
(,i 28.00

@ 30.50

Middlings .

Red Dog .

Cottonseed meal .

Linseed meal .

. 18.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Iiav, No. 1 .

No. 2 .

No. 3 .

Clover mixed .

Clover .

.16.00
.14.00
.12.00
.13.00
. 1 2.00

@16.50
@ 1 4.50
@ 13.00
@14.00
@ 1 2.50
@15.00
@ 1 1 .00

Short and oat .

MI1.K.

N. Y. Exchange price 3 % cents per quart
to shippers in 26-cent zone.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra, lb . 24 (77) 24%

Lower grades . 20 $7) 23

State Dairy . 16 @ 23

Factory . 15 @ 17 V,

Renovated . 15 @ 20

Packing stock . 15 @ 17

CHEESE.

Fancy . — ■ @ 13%

Fair to good . 12 @ 12%

Skims . 4 @ 7

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evap. fancy . — @ 11

Evap. choice . — @ 10

Evap. prime . — @ 9%

Evap. com. to good . — @ 7

Sun-dried, Canada . 5%@ 6

Sun-dried, southern . 4 @ 4%

Chops, 100 lbs . 2.75 @3.00

Raspberries . — @ 26

Cherries . 11 @ 15

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples. Blush. Bellefiower. Fall
Pippin, Ben Davis, Bald¬
win, Ilubbardston . 2.50

Spitzenburg and King . 2.50

Spy . 2.50-

York Imperial . 2.7->

Greening . 2.50

Pound Sweet . 2.25

McIntosh . 3.00

Pears. Bose, bbl . 3.00

Clairgeau and Anjou . 2.50

Duchess . 200

Sheldon . 2.50

Kieffer . 2.00

Quinces, bbl . 1.00

Grapes, 18-Ib. case . 50

4-lb. basket . 10

Bulk, ton . 40 00

Cranberries, bbl . 8..>0

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Bermuda, bbl . 6.00

L. I., ISO lbs . 2.50

State and Jersey . 1.7u

Sweet Potatoes, bbl . 1-25

Brussels Sprouts, qt . °

Beets, 100 bunches . 75

Carrots, bbl . . „ J-'

Cabbage. Danish seed ton. ...16.00

Domestic seed . I'”!.1!]

Celery, dozen . 1 ■»

Cauliflowers, bbl .

Egg Plants, bbl . L-jO

Kale, bbl .

Lettuce, bbl . >■'

Onions, bbl, white .

yellow and red .

Peppers, bbl. . . . • . . j

Peas, s'n. %-bbl. basket . 1-6Q

Green Beans, bkt . 7o

Spinach, bbl . Jij?

Squash, bbl . 50

Turnips, bbl . ,;)

BEANS.

Marrow, choice .

Medium . — _

Pea . h8.)

Red kidney .

Yellow Eye .

EGGS.

Fancy, selected white . 38

Selected choice . . “ ’

Mixed, fair to good .

Western and Southern .

@3.50

(<t 5.00

@4.50

(,) 4.00

@4.50

@3.00

@5.00

@5.00

<0 1.25

@3.50

@4.50

@3.00

<8 3.50

@1.25

@ 15

@75.00

@13.00

@7.00
@ 2.75
@2.25
@1.50
@ 12
@1.00
@ 1 .00
@18.00
@ 1 6.00
@ 50
@2.50
@2.50
@ 75
(a 1 25
@5.50
@ 2 50
@2.00
@ 3 00
@1.25
@1.00
@1.00
@1.00

@3.25
@ 2.20
@1.00
@2 00
@1.80

@ 40
@ 37
co 34
@ 31

HOPS.

Prime to choice. . . .

. 19

@ 22

Com. to fair .

. 14

@ 18

German .

. 30

@ 40

WILD

GINSENG.

Northern .

. 7.00

@7.50

Western .

@7.00

Southern . 6.50 @6.75

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime . — @ 11

Fair to good . 9 @ 10%

Common . 7 @ 8

Buttermilks . 4 (<v 6

Pork . 5 % @ 7

Roa sting I Mgs . 10 @12%

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens, lb . — @ 12

Fowls . 11 @ 12

Roosters . — @ 8

Turkeys . — @ 14

Ducks, pair . 60 @ 65

Geese, pair . 1.25 @1.75

Pigeons, pair . — @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys . 14 @ 18

Chickens . 15 @ 22

Fowls . 11 @ 14

Ducks . 10 @ 14

Geese . 15 @ 20

Squabs . 2.50 @3.00

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 4.00 @5.20

Bulls . 2.60 @2.60

Cows . 1.45 @2.70

Calves, veal . 5.00 @9.25

Sheep . 3.50 @5.25

Lambs . 5.00 @7.25

Hogs . 5.50 @6.00

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots; single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda, ton . — @52.00

Muriate of Potash . — @42.00

Dried Blood . — @55.00

Ivainit . — • @12.00

Acid Phosphate . — @14.00

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Switzerland has revised its tariff laws.
Some of the changes made are unfavorable
to American trade, the chief items being
leather, salted and smoked meats, bottled
whisky, agricultural machines, sewing ma¬
chines and typewriters. Raw cotton is ad¬
mitted free.

Butter remains about, as last reported.
Supplies of extra fresh creamery are light,
but anything below this grade is inclined to
he dull, any shortage in current receipts being
patched up with storage stock. The top price
for extra creamery is 24%. and it must score
very high to reach this price.

Apples. — The high prices at which choice
fruit is selling are bringing liberal shipments
to this market. A great many people seem
to think that when stock brings between $3
and $4 per barrel it is a good plan to sell,
no matter whether indications point to higher
prices later. This is a wise move for those
who have only ordinary storage, as the loss
from shrinkage or rot in apples thus held
until the last of January will discount any
probable increase in price.

Cotton Wild Again. — On the report that
the amount of cotton ginned up to the middle
of November is 500,000 bales short of what
was anticipated and more than 2,250,000
bales less than for the same period last year,
speculators in the exchanges again broke
loose, and there was an immediate advance
of one cent per pound. Sales for November
21 at the New York Exchange aggregated
1.500,000 bales. The exact figures given cov¬
ering the amount ginned to November 14
were 7,498,167. which is generally considered
to mean a crop of something more than
10.000.000 bales, though scarcely warranting
the prophecy of 15-cent cotton made by some
authorities,

The Poultry Trade of this city is again
geting very much stirred up over the activity
of reformers who promise to renew, this
Winter, their efforts to get legislation for¬
bidding the sale of undrawn or long-stored
poultry. The poultry people are scared,
ns they have millions that they have invested
in stock, storage and trade in danger. One
dealer makes the sweeping statement that
he has handled stored poultry for 25 years
and none of it ever developed ptomaines.
IIow does he know? The food trade was left
to itself for so long that it is no wonder
some abuses worked in ; when they7 are cut
out. some one is sure to feel hurt. We do
not believe there is any danger of laws
detrimental to trade in wholesome products
being enacted. There is no need for wild
statements or actions. The question is. what
is the exact truth about this poultry business?
Is undrawn poultry, or that kept in storage
six months or more, wholesome? There are
chemists and doctors who, without prejudice,
can determine this matter, and. when the
truth is known, the people can be trusted to
take such action as is best.

Financial Stringency.- — The newspapers
of late have been talking about the shortage
of ready monev in Wall Street, and the high
loan rates (as much as 25 per cent) some
have had to pay. The Secretary of the Treas
urv was implored to send enough cash to the
banks to “relieve the situation.” This does
not mean that Uncle Sam was asked to donate
the monev. or that he would lose anything
bv taking it from the Treasury and putting it
into circulation. But he did well to decline
taking steps to aid or encourage the
special brand of business management which
appears to l>e responsible for this particular
local stringency. There are what, in destina¬
tion may be called legitimate reasons for
scarcity ‘of cash in the East at this season,
such as the heavy movements of money to
Western banks to pay farmers for their
wheat, corn, hogs, etc., but conditions are
greatly and unnecessarily aggravated by sky
rocket speculators in the financial districts
But for their wild actions financial strin¬
gencies would be few and would work them¬
selves out without help from the Treasury.
Suppose a man with a farm paid for and
$5,000 in bank should buy the farms of two
or three neighbors, paying all his ready cash
and giving mortgages for the balance In a
short time he buys one or two more, borrow¬
ing wherever he" can get money and giving
more mortgages, until, while nominally own
ing half of a township, he is in debt to all
his neighbors. If anyone recommends him to
go a little slower, he says that no doubt
buyevR will come along soon and take his
surplus holdings at an advanced price. He
goes to an Implement store and buys $200
worth of machines, saying that no doubt he
can fell them in a week or so for $400.
Instead of selling his crops at fair prices, he
hold* thorn for a 50 ner cent rise and bor¬
rows money to run his farm. Before he got
nearly through such a programme he would

be bankrupt or his friends would put him in
a lunatic asylum. Such a man even while
in the height of his boom would be a neigh¬
borhood nuisance, upsetting values and sow¬
ing discontent among those who ought to
find in him a safe example. Two or three
more of this type would multiply the harm¬
ful results more than tenfold. Yet the ac¬
tions of a large number of Wall Street specu¬
lators are still more wild. They buy and
sell and borrow without apparent regard for
what are considered good business principles
and yell for help when they have made such
heavy drains on the banks that the latter in
self protection put on a prohibitive loan rate.
The fact that they are able to give safe
security for what they want to borrow does
not remedy the matter. They are fit subjects
for Government suppression rather than Gov¬
ernment aid. The rules of common sense
finance for farm, store and factory should
apply equally to the handling of financial
paper. This country is prosperous not lie-
cause of its millionaires who are hoarding
their money or giving it away, nor of the
organizing work of the “captains of industry”
or the lurid howls of Wall Street gangs, but
because of the steady clock-like work of the
producers and those actually handling earth's
products through all the varied channels of
trade and manufacture which distribute these
things to the ends of the earth. These thou¬
sands of men and women, boys and girls
certainly have cause to be thankful for life
and its opportunities. h.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Yr. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

WANTED: We need
large quantities of

Fruits, Produce,
Poultry, Butter,
Eggs, Nuts, etc.

Wo can secure you top
market prices for those pro¬
ducts. Write to-day for our
illustrated booklet, mailed
free upon request, Also
shipping cards, stencil and
market reports.

F, H. KEELER & CO.

104 Murray St., New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.

Commission Merchants,!

228 and 231 Washington Street, Now York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

Game,

1 Poultry

Mushroom*,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

Fancy Egg*

Poultry for Holidays.

Apples, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

WAN TED!

A bright energetic young man to represent us in
his home town. Opportunity for a splendid opening
with a large New York importing house. For partic¬
ulars, address

BURNS tSc REED,

209 Hudson St., New York City, N. Y.

GholceStock forSale.— Hocks, Wyandottes. Leghorns
Minorca*. Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.; dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tiee Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

No Smoke House. Smoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Madefrom hickory wood. Glvesdeliciousflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner ttian old way. Send for cir¬
cular. E. Kramer & Bro., Milton. Pa.

Fearless Horse Powers

T wo horse size guaranteed to produce 3
to 4 actual horse power. Other sizes in
proportion. Never injures a horse. Al¬
ways under control. Strong, safe, easy for
horses. Always ready. Two borso sire $100.
for catalogue.

Mfg.Co. Box 11 . Coblosklll, H.Y.

Alfalfa

BACTERIA INSURES A CROP. WRITE

% FOR BULLETIN NO. 17 IT’S FREE.
NATIONAL NITR0-CULTURE CO.. West Chester. P*

BLIZZARD AND HORSE ICE CALKS.

Sharpen your own horse. No waiting at the smith’s
Liberal prices to Agents. S.W.KENT.Cazenovia.N.Y.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To .earn tne
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Oonkey . Prim

A Lady can hold him.

’of the BEERY BIT
TOUR O ITS IN ONE

lure* Kickers, Runaway*, Puller*,
Shyer*, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
Day*’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof, J.Q, Beery, Pleasant llill, Ohio.

AIITniinilll C USERS, drivers, repairmen.
HU I UmUDILC chauffeurs, and others wanted
all over the country; 50,000 machines built this year in
United States, affording great opportunities for men
trained in this coming business; six cents a day will
qualify you for good wages in this field, in which the
demand is such that ability counts ahead of pull and
length of service. For full particulars, Address
The Correspondence School of Automobile Engineer¬
ing, Suite 1374, Flatiron Building, New York City.

AND

HIDES

1 O to bO% mure money for you to ship Kuw Furs,
Horse and Cuttle Hides to us than to sell at home.
Writo for Price List, market report, shipping tugs.

?ioo8 Hunters’ andTrappers’ 6uido

.Best thing on the subject ever written.
^Illustrating nil Per Animals. Oloth
^ bound. 300 pages. Price $650. ToHide
_ _ and Fur Shippers, $1. Wrltetoduy.
ANDER8CH HBOS. I>cpt. 1’AS Minneapolis, Minis

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-cont stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

WANTED

HAY AND STRAW

WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.

F, D, HEWITT, 120 Liberty St., N. Y,

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature writo

II. F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. G. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

Maryland

FARMS ARE MONEY-MAKERS FOR STOCK,
POULTRY, CORN, GRAIN, PEACHES, BERRIES
AND EARLY VEGETABLES. MILD WINTERS
WRITE FOR BIG ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR
OF FARM BARGAINS. F. B. ALLEN, DRAWER
42, PRINCESS ANNE, MD. fit YEARS FROM
OHIO.)

WANTED

to rent, with privilege of buying, a farm of 40 to 100
acres on tlio eastern shore of Maryland or Virginia.
Must he good land, suitable for truck or farming.
On good road near some town; would like near some
river. Some timber preferred. Give rent terms, sale
price, and particulars. Address

GRANT FULLHART, R. F. D. 5, Muncie, Ind.

P

A 1 c, SU 3 StUUKED

OR FEE RETURNED. Illustrated Guide
Book and List of Inventions Wanted, free to
. any address. Patents secured by us advertised
free in World's Progress. Sample Copy Free.

Evans, Wilkens& Co., 791 FSt., Washington, D.C.

ATT E N TION“Mp*iV;„“GS

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

DERRICK OIL CO.

Box 52. Titusville, Pa.

ELITE OIL. •

A Ini'll grade, perfect
burning oil. Never
fails to please where
a clear, strong light is
desired. Made from
Pure Pennsylvania
Crude. Write for par¬
ticulars and prices.

LADY AGFNTS WANTED S„XL?„1f°5S;

removing pimples and beautifying the skin. Will pos¬
itively cure pimples; a trial size will convince anyone;
it is absolutely harmless. Sold in New York exten¬
sively. Largo profits. Write for particulars.
“Clear-O” Toilet Specialty Co., 234 E. 42nd St., N. Y.

MUSIC LESSONS

FREE.

Send for our
booklet, it is

It tolls how to learn to play any instrument. Piano,
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc. Write American
School of Music, 333 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

For Sale— Fox and Rabbit Hounds.

Choice PUPS now ready to ship for $5.00 each.
MELVIN THOMAS, R. F. D. No. 1, Wayville,
Saratoga, County, N. Y.

PAR | — At a bargain, 50 Hampshire Ewes

■ Ull 4HkL and Lambs and some Rams. Must
sell. F. It. CONINE, Kanoim, N. Y.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld’s Count De 1vol. who has 47 A.
R. 0. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

J*7' Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING K. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

BEEN BONE MAKES EGGS

Lots of them, because i t is rich in protein and all other egg elements. You get twice the
eggs, more fertile, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.

latest model

CJ BONE CUTTER

10 Days Free Trial. No money in advance.

cuts ail kind* of bone, with adhering meat
and gristle, easy, fast and line. Automatic
feed, open hopper, noverclogs. Cat’lg free.

F. W. MANN CO., Box 1 0. Milford, Maca.

Did you see our pig- offer in Nov. 18 — R. N-Y ?

You know if we don’t do a fair square business with you, this paper will expose us
to its 100,000 subscribers and ruin our business with them. You can turn afewdays
of your spare time to good account and help us introduce a good thing to the farmers.

PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO , Fannettsburg, Pa.
Inaprovod Largo Borlisliii'oia.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

873

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

This year we have a treat for the
friends of The R. N.-Y. that will please
them and benefit them more than anything
we have heretofore been able to send
them. There may be farmers who will
read this without enthusing so much over
it ; but even these readers will appreciate
it as the years go by, because the benefits
will go on for years to come.

Few farm gardens are all that they
should be. People who live in cities would
pay any price for vegetables fresh from
the garden. They cannot get them, be¬
cause it takes time to have them packed,
shipped and distributed in the city, and in
the meantime they lose their freshness
and flavor. Vegetables fresh from the
garden are a luxury that the city family
hardly knows and the farm family, we
fear, hardly appreciates. There are, of
course, many exceptions, but the rule is
that the farm garden is more or less
neglected. Some of them are good enough
as far as they go, but they are not large
enough. Others are large enough to
supply the family for a time, but there is
no succession, and when the first planting
is matured there is nothing coming on
to take its place. The great cause of this
failure of farmers to produce a satisfac¬
tory garden, we think, is want of plan in
laying it out in early Spring. It is little
thought of until the busy season opens,
and then it is neglected for the larger
and pressing affairs of the farm.

We want to see the farm gardens im¬
proved. We have gone to great pains
and much expense to prepare a book to
tell just how to do it. This new book
we call

THE FARMER’S GARDEN.

Health, Pleasure and Money from the Soil.

We planned it and prepared it especially
for the farm family. We found books
in print for the rich amateur, for the pro¬
fessional gardener, and for the large
market gardener; but nothing in print
seemed to be any help to the busy farmer.

We pre¬
pared this
book for his
benefit. The
amount o f
time an d
m oney we
spent on it
would seem
i 11c red ible ;
but we want¬
ed the best
that could be
found, a n d
we got it.
id professional
writers would fix us up a book at
absolutely no trouble to us, and at little
cost, but that was not what we wanted. We
went to the men and women who
actually made satisfactory gardens on
their own farms. We got them to
tell just how they did it. They
tell us how to lay out the ground, j
how to prepare the soil ; how to cover
the seed and set the plant; varieties to
plant and quantities required. They tell
us how to lay out the ground to provide
for successive plantings so as to keep a
supply of fresh vegetables through the
entire growing season. The whole story
is told in simple, natural language. It is
all made so plain that if you had never
planted a hill of beans, you could follow
the instructions in this book and make a
good garden. The only hand we have
allowed the scientific men to have in it
is simply to discuss plant diseases. This
they have done concisely and well. Their
chapter on this subject is the best that
has ever been written. Every line of the
book is original. It is printed on a high
grade of super paper from new type and
is profusely illustrated with original and
practical half tone and line engravings.

We have prepared this book entirely for
our own subscriber's. We have now about
80,000 members in The R. N.-Y. family,
and we hope thev will have 80.000 of the
best gardens in the country the coming

The

Farmer’s Garden

nut rural Kwr-Yvnurjit. . xrw yuhx

The scientific men a

season. We have gone as far as we can
go to that end.

On receipt of the renewal of your sub¬
scription for 1906 we will send you free
and post paid a copy of this new book,
“The Farmer’s Garden” in strong paper
binding. Those who want cloth binding
may send 25 cents extra. We will also
send it to new subscribers for this year
and we shall depend on old readers to
make this known to their friends and
neighbors. This book alone ought to be
worth the cost of the paper for a lifetime
to the average farm family. It does not
take much extra garden stuff to be worth
a dollar on your table, and it all saves
meat bills and grocery bills; yes, and
doctor bills too. The health and pleasure
derived from the work of the garden is
reinforced by the health and pleasure
found in its products on the table. Be¬
sides, if you make a good garden next
season you are sure to make a better one
the year following so that the benefits of
any information or help you get from the
book are continuous. It will even go
down to future generations through the
tastes and habits and knowledge acquired
by your children.

Wc wish to ask those whose subscrip¬
tions expire about the first of the year to
send renewals as early in December as
possible. The books will be ready at
furthest by December 10, and will be
mailed out the day the renewals are re¬
ceived. About the fij^t of the year there
is always a rush of subscription work,
and it is then impossible for a time to
always keep up with the work daily. It is
in the rush times also that most of the
errors occur, so that you will share with
us in the benefits of an early renewal,
and we will thank you for it.

John j. dii.lon, Publisher.

HERBERT W. COI.LINGWOOD, Editor.

UNITED STATES OFFICIAL POSTAL GUIDE

It is business economy to have the latest and host
right on your desk. This guide is Compiled and
» ulPislied by the Post Office Department of
tlie United Slates, for their own use. AVe sell
the same book to you. You pay for the complete
.January Guide, and we send you free each month a
40-page Supplement showing all subsequent changes.

Paper bound, $>2.00; Cloth, #2.50

J. B. LYON COMPANY, Albany, New York.

lA/piCUTlC WMOli \V Y A M )< ITT K ,

"IllUni 0 Cockerels. Duston Strain. $1 to $1.50
each. GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.

CflD CJl] C 400 choice Buff and Barred P. Rocks
run OHUC and Win to and Partridge Wyan-
dottes. Inspection solicited. Prices reasonable.

Dr. S. 0. MOYER, Eansdale, Pa.

DAnppn PUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

Rocks, White Wyamlottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $:t.(l() each; $7.50 for tr’o. EDWARD GL
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Penna.

MAPLE VIUA POULTRY YARDS.— Breeder
of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff ami White
Rocks, R. O. and S. 0. W., B, and Buff Leghorns; W.
and B. Minorcas.- Golden, Silver, Buff and W. Wyan-
dottes; R. C. and S. O. Blue Andalusians. Uamhurgs,
Anconas. W. G. MOSHER, Syls-ania, Penna.

DARTRIDGE WYANDOTTES, pure blood, for sale;
* a few cockerels only. Price reasonable. Address
,1. E. CHR1SCADEN, Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y.

EMPIRE SI ATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, live months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

40

War's Poultry. Pig ous. Parrots, Dogs, Oats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. tJO p. book.lOc.
P-t-s free. J A. l$KKGEY,Box8,Telford,Pa.

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Four promising young Cockerels for $5.00. Over
1 000 to select from. Send for circular.

WHITE & RICE. Yorktown. N. Y.

White Holland Turkeys

I LENS and TOMS not akin, #3 to #5 each. Eggs
in season. M. C. VAN WINKLE, Stone Ridge, N. V.

TOD ?A| C Bronze Turkeys, also White Holland
rUn uHLL Turkeys, Single and Rose Comb Buff
Orpingtons, R. C. Buff Leghorns, S. C. Brown Leg¬
horns, Barred I’. Rocks, White Wyamlottes and it. C.
Black Minorcas. D. J. KENEPP, Me Voy town, Pa.

You can positively make hens lay the year around if you will give Dr. Hess Poul¬
try Pan-a-ce-a with the regular feed. During this season of the year many valu¬
able layers are idle. In other words, the egg factories are closed do wn on account
of impaired machinery. Poultry Pau-a-ce-a contains tiie best tonics known to
medicine lor increasing digestion, which is the all important function in egg
production. This superior poultry tonic supplies iron for the blood, cleanses
the liver, arouses the egg producing organs, reddens the comb and brightens the
feathers

DR. HESS

Poultry PAN-A-CE-A

Is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.), and in addition to increasing egg
production, i t cures cholera roup, indigestion and many other poultry diseases
due to digestive difficulties and infection. It lias a property peculiar to itself —
that of destroying bacteria, the cause of so much poultry disease, aud throwing
off impurities througli the skin. Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a has the indorsement
of leading poultry associations in the United States and Canada, costs buta penny
a day for about 20 fowls, aud is sold on « written guarantee.

1 1.3 lbs. 25c., mull or express, 40c. 1 Except In Canada
& lbs. 60c., 12 ll»s. $1.25. > aud extreme

25 lb. pull $2.50. j West and South.

Send two cents for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book. free.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio

IDEAL ALUMINUM LEG BAND

To Mark Chickens
CHEAPEST AND 3EST

12forl5c.,25— 80c.. 60— 50c„ 100— 75c,
Frank Myers, Mfr., Box 57, Freeport, lit.

GrifOrtll 1 nO aro raised in one month:

Ak\ bring big prices. Money
y tfiUO makers for poultry men,
^ farmers, women.

Send for our Free Book and learn this
T“!?rich industry. Correspondence invitedd'WJ

Plymouth Rook Squab Co., V^v
;?335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

5,000 FERRETS. Theso animals
exterminate Rats, drive out Rabbits
Prices and Circular FRre
Samuel Farnsworth, Mid(uetj)Wn q

OULTRY ^ PROFIT

or pleasure, is easy if you' have a

1906 Pattern Standard Cyphers
^Incubator. Guaranteed to hatch more
and healthier chicks than any other.

90 DAYa TRIAL. Start right and make money.
'Complete outfits for dooryard or farm. Catalogue
► ind Poultry Guide <228 pages) Iron if you mention
this journal and send addresses of two nearby poultry raisers.
Address nearest offic e.

CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., BUFFALO, N. Y.

Boston. Chicago. New York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

Q ft) II I T |J %# >000000000

r IS all I Kf We keep ev-j
B sxw sfrjr Ka I 91 § c-rything in the 1
(POULTRY LINE- Fencing, Feed, Incu-.
(bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— j
) it’s our business. Call or let ussendyouj
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the)
[asking — it's worth having. <

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dcp W & 2S Voscy St reel. New York City, i

CCOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO x

? I 0-80 For
I Jo 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction nmX
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for cutuiog to-tlay.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.

SHOEMAKER’S

BOOK on

POULTRY

Almanae for 1 900 contains 224 pages, with
many tine colored plates of fowls true to life.
It tells ull about chickens, their care, diseases
and remedies. All aboutlneubatoreand howto
operate them. All about poultry houses and
flow to build them. It's really an encyclopedia
ofehickendom. You need it. Price only 15eU.
C.C.SIIOKM Ah KK, Box 487, FREEPORT, ILL.

Get An Incubator

made by “the man who knows”—
founded on 20 years experience.

You can make money with Miller’*

IDEAL INCUBATORS

and Brooders; absolutely auto¬
matic and self-regulating. Positively Lowest Prloes.
Handsome 128 page Poultry Book free.

J. W. MILLER CO.. Box 97, Freeport. Illinois.

Thc Natural
Incubator

is the incubator of right air con¬
ditions — Natural because it most
nearly approaches Nature’s way. No poison¬
ous gases to stifle chicks. Walls of hard glazed
compressed paper board, (such as is used for
car-wheels) making the lightest, strongest, most
durable incubator in the world. Walls CAN¬
NOT WARP. CRACK NOR SPLIT, as all oth¬
ers do. Compound heater ; perfect regulator;
no supplied moisture required.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT
to all points east of the Mississippi. Don’t buy
an incubator until you get out Free Catalog.

Perpetual Hen Co., Mwnfao- Incubator* & Brooders,
2 1 EacherSt., turwtof Trenton, N.J.

BREEDING HOMERS iV

lots of 10 pairs ami up, at
$1 per pair. Strong healthy
birds, just ready for this season’s work. Address
Dunderberg Poultry Yards. Tomkins Cove, N. Y.

Healthy Mated Homers, 85c. pair. Pheasants, Pen-

cockH, Cjuall, Ferrets. Standard Poultry, Indian Kunner, Mallard
Ducks, 90c, setting, stamp. FKKD. SUDOW, Poughkeepsie, N, V.

CflR QA| E— Choice Scotch Collie Pups and White
I Ull 0MLE Wyandotte Cockerels. J.H.VANDEN
BOSCH. Jr., R. I). 7, Auburn, N. V.

REGISTERED ANGORA GOATS— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAM BOl’lLLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

fflO CAI 17 mams anjl* fe-
r Vfl oALb MALE ELK a

"ha Michigan School for thn Deaf. Flint, Michigar

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

^ _ |

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating- or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof

Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.

Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in W eight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samplos, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chicago, Boston.

Mention K.N.-Y.

GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, Ill. 67

Please send me the 1906 Victor Book FREE.

Name _ .... _ _ _

Postoffice.................

Route No _ State

The above coupon will bring you without ^
charge a hook you ought to have if you arel
thinking of getting an incubator or hrooder.l
You owe it to your pocket to got the infor-L
matlon weofferyou free for the asking, before!
you waste money and time experimenting withl
a cheap incubator. We have been in bnslm ssl
nearly 40 years. The machines we send out are I
not experiments. There’s a big difference in I
results between the Victor kind and the!
kind. A big difference in the profit yon !
make from a 90 per cent hatch and a 50
per cent one, with the same investment for
rehase of eggs and oil, and the same
amount of worry aud time.
Let us tell you. without!
cost to you, how to make 1
90peroont hatches almost!
an absolute certainty, f
Clip out above coupon dr j
a postal and send to-
y before you forget.
Geo. Ertel Co.

jQuincy. III?

874

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2,

Live Stock and Dairy

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.

We like a partition between cows in
the stable. Then each cow is not depend¬
ent upon the whim of her neighbor, but
can stand or lie down at pleasure. One
of the most frequent causes of udder
and teat troubles is found to be cows
stepping on one another's udder and
teats. Recently 1 was in a barn where
the milker was trying to strap up a cow’s
leg so he could get the milk out of a
badly cut teat. It took about a half hour
to do the job, with more or less noise
and trouble and this twice a day lessens
the cow’s value pretty fast. A partition
between cows means a little less cow ca¬
pacity for the stable, but the added com¬
fort of the cow and the insurance against
troubles that can be avoided make them

pay.

More and more compounded or ready-
to-eat complete cow feeds are offered
daily. We have examined a lot of these,
and tried some of the best, and my advice
would be let them alone. They are all
of course made to sell, and there is more
profit in them than in straight goods. One
argument put forth by the manufacturer
is that “the farmer cannot always get the
different ingredients; besides, he cannot
mix them properly, and we save him all
the bother.” The farmer pays for it. We
recently tried a ton of one of the widely
advertised brands, costing $26.50 per ton
wholesale. A careful trial convinced us
that we paid at least $5 per ton profit for
the mixer, and the result not as good as
our own ration at about $6 per ton less
cost. Our interest in new feeds is some¬
times an expensive luxury. We tried a
car of rape seed meal carrying 24 per
cent protein and seven per cent fat, cost¬
ing us at the time $22 per ton, which
was cheap as compared with other foods.
We mixed up some, using 25 per cent of
the rape seed in the mixture. We fed it
to the cows. They smelled of it and
looked at us as much as to say: “What
are you giving us?” They didn’t like it,
and though tried in many different com¬
binations it is no good. It smells a lit¬
tle like oil meal, but seems to make a
gluey mass in the cow’s mouth, and we
are slowly getting rid of it only by using a
very small quantity in the mixture. We
positively know of one firm putting out
a very poor food with a fair analysis, but
this is got by using just enough cotton¬
seed and gluten to give the analysis, and

the balance is - ? Oat feed we can

now buy for $12 a ton by the car, and
there is quite a fair profit made by mix¬
ing this with other more or less good
foods and selling them at $24 to $30 per
ton. Buy straight goods and do your
own mixing. h. g. Manchester.

SHALL HE USE A DORSET RAM ?

breeding rests wholly with the ewes; first
their natural habit; second, this can be
changed to a limited extent by condition,
feed, etc.

If a Dorset ram is used, the lambs
will be half-bloods, and some of such ewe
lambs will partake enough of the Dorset
nature, to breed early. The next crop
from these ewes will be three-quarters
Dorset; and if the ram were a good trans¬
mitter or prepotent, I should expect such
ewes to breed nearly as well as pure-
blood Dorsets. I would use the ram with
his own daughters, so as (o intensify the
strain. As will be readily seen, this is a
slow process, and will take four or five
years at best, before he can expect much
of a crop of Winter lambs. I am very
sure — and I speak from experience along
this very line — that it will be much bet¬
ter if Winter lambs are the end sought,
to sell the Shropshires, and buy, if (hey
can be obtained at reasonable figures,
either a flock of purebred Dorsets or
Tunis ewes, or a flock of high grades of
either breed. Whether pure bloods or
grades will depend largely on the pocket-
book of the questioner. If he cannot se¬
cure either of these, get a flock of grade
Merinos, good bodied sheep, and use
with them a pure-blood Dorset or
Tunis ram. It is too late this season to
expect any lambs, for January or Febru¬
ary markets, so the inquirer would cer¬
tainly better stick to the pure Shropshires
this year. Afterward he will have ample
time to make the change, if he desires to.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

HolsteuKFriesian Breeders. — The No¬
vember meeting of the IIolstein-Friesian
Breeders’ Chib of New York was held at the
rooms of the Chamber of Commerce in the
City of Syracuse on November 8. On account
of the small number present no regular dis¬
cussion was taken tip. hut t lie meting was
organized by electing T. A. Mitchell as chair¬
man. It was moved and adopted that the
next meeting be held on December 20 at
such time and place as the secretary may find
it expedient. The intention of this resolution
was to have our next meeting at the time
of the Winter Fair and Stock Show, which
takes place December 10-21, in Syracuse. The
IIolstein-Friesian breeders through tills and
other States are cordially invited to meet
and to take part in our deliberations. Let
ns assemble the greatest number of IIolstein-
Friesian breeders that were ever brought to¬
gether. There will be a line exhibit of IIol-
steins and other dairy cows, milking ma¬
chines, etc. WING R. SMITH, SEC’Y.

Bio Hex Flocks.— On page 755 “Mapes
the lien Man” has torn away from the
ancient ironclad faith, that small flocks of
hens are most profitable, and dares to
predict that even 1.000 can be kept in one
flock. In (lie “Burr" house we keep 2,000
in each house without a partition except
the central feedroom for convenience: so
that the egg not only can be hut has been
stood on end. , B. B.

Maryland.

MIX YOUR OWN STOCK

FOOD

When you buy ready mixed stock
foods you pay at the rate of $2fi0 per
ton for bran meal and other Ingredients. Upon request
will semi you, AB^OLUTKLY FKKK, a prescription fo
making your own stock food. It will be far betteraud cos
you far less than an v other on the market to-dav. A posts
card will bring this f ee prescription, I)r, S. IT. Kent
Veterinary Surgeon, No. 10-1 Market Street, Cadiz, Ohio.

My ewes are mostly Shropshire. How
would a Dorset cross do on them for lambs
and wool ? R.

Unless the aim is to get lambs for the
early market — from January to March — I
certainly would not use any ram except a
Shropshire. I have repeatedly said, and
now would emphasize it, that there is
nothing gained by cross-breeding. Much
is apt to be lost when two distinct strains
of blood are intermingled. The Porset
lamb is not so good a one for mutton as
the Shropshire, and except in rare in¬
stances inferior for wool. On the other
hand, if the idea is to get a lamb for the
early market, the Shropshire ewes will
not breed early enough to give a lamb
that will go to market in time to bring
the highest price. Neither will a Dorset
or any other kind of a ram with such
ewes, make them breed any earlier I
know it is claimed that such will be the
result, but I have tried this to my satis¬
faction, and never got lambs one bit ear¬
lier from a Dorset or Tunis ram, than
if I used a Shropshire. The time of

JERSEYS— 3 Bulls 10 to 12 mos., 3 Heifers 2 mos.
” old; nil solid color, good. Sire a “Pure St..
Lambert.” J. ALU'S HERR, Lancaster, Pa

IBERDEEN-AN6US CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

MYER&S N, Bridgeville, Del.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,

Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odor less and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags ana
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy rsw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

AS THEY

SOMETinES

ARE .

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPAVIN CURB

Write us before you lire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
tf^C.OO per bottle W'hh Written guarantee.
S' V* semi for copy, a>*° booklet and scores of
l ettera on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all druggists and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

ABSORBING

W ill reduce in flamed, swollen Join ts,
Bruises, Soft Bunches, cure Boils,
Fistula, or any unhealthy sore
quickly; pleasant to use; does not
blister under bandage or re¬
move the hair, and you can
work the horse. $2.00 per bot¬
tle delivered. Book 8-B free.

ABSORBING, JR , formankind,
$1.00 per Bottle. Cures Varicose
Veins, Strains, Bruises, Etc. Mfd.
only by

W, F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

Tuttle’s Elixir

cures nearly all common horse
ailments. When we say cure,
andit fails, $100. reward. Never
claimed yet. Get free "Veteri¬
nary Experience.” 100 pages-
Makes you master of horse ail¬
ments and diseases. Write for copy.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co.,

30 Beverly St., Boston. Mass.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS

CHATTEL MORTGAGE SALE!

1 have recently bought a large herd of registered
Holstoins, some at chattel mortgage sale at a
great bargain. I can quote these prices:

Registered H. F. cows, value $100, my price, $75
” ” ” ” , ” *125, " "

Registered
$60 to $75.

270

service hulls,

R150, ’’
$175, ”
$200, ”
value $100,

55100
” ! >125

” 55150

” $175"

my price.

Head to select from 270

A n p Milk from herd tested over HA On P
T-p, In fat for the past season. |J • lo

Handsome illustrated circulars sent free.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-ERIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kiud you want write or cometo see
them. D5 to select from. A'imals of both sexes
and all ages to Oder at prices that will please youT
A special oiler on some nicely bred Bull Calves,
A. A. CORTELYOU, Nesbanie, N. J

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

JF. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalla, N. Y.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshircs and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
Hamilton A Co., Ercildoun. Chester to., Pa.

in Calf.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Spring and rail litters of KZITT and HIGHCLERE
strains, for sale. B. E. HUNT, Reading Centre, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S littorof Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed .J une 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best,
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Conn.

Pure Bred Holslein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots tlmt have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York

SHROPSHIRE RAMS i ported and home bred

Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y

I) Lincoln and Leicester

UU I v W ULUi Rams; also a few Cotswold
ewes. L. R. KUNEY; Adrian, Michigan.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle. Poland-Ohina Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GIL LETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

Breeders’ Directory

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Hair the Cost — with the >_

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and

Laundry Stovss, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. Biv Send for circulars,
D. It. SPERRY <fe CO., Batavia, Ill.

EASY to DEHORN

your cattle with the KEYSTONE^
Dehorning knife. Operation per¬
formed in an instant with little
ain. Leaves stump so that it
oals quickly. The KEYSTONE
Dehorner is sold on a money back
guarantee. Send for free booklet
giving valuable dehorning facts.

M. T. Phillips, Box 18, Pomeroy, Pa.

Holstein-Friesian BuR Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices op
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

Regist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Teiksblre Pigs; Scotch
Collie Dcgs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
_ .... selections. Send 2e. stamp

Fancy of Eureka 130891 for New Catalogue.

EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna.

OAKLAND FARM

OFFERS HOLSTEIN BULL,

Born November 29. 1904. Two-thirds White.

Sire, Canary’s Mercedes’ Son. whose dam made 25
pounds, her milk testing 4.92 per cent.

Dam, Urmagelsehe 3d, 1 4 ’■_> pounds at three years
with first calf. She by Admiral DeKol.

If you want a good one cheap write quick.

T. A. MITCHELL, WEEDSl’OKT, N. Y.

IT’S A FACT

'J’hat we now have more young cows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
They are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d’s Butter
Boy 3d, Beryl Wayne’s Paul DeKol, and the imported
bull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for farther particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD. Established 1876.

HEN RY STEVENS & SON.
Rrookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N.Y.

CHESTER WHITES AND CHESHIRES.

Choice young boars and sows bred from mature
prize winning stock. ED. S. BILL, Freeville, N. Y.

Berkshire pigs $5 up, pairs not related. 9 Shropshire
ewes cheap. W. H. turkeys, B. Orpington cockerels.
B.R.hens and cockerels, collie pups. Bothers, Lack, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES LSC*

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

Oft PIGS, August and September farrow,
t 1 ■ Ui also mature sows. Bred and registered;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

KENTUCKY JACKS

AND STALLIONS.

One hundred head

Jacks, Jennets,
and Trotting Stallions.

for sale reasonable,

J. E. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.
Branch barn, Marion, Kansas.

Saddle

YOU CAN’T AFFORD A GRADE

when I will sell you a registered JERSEY BULL,
best dairy stock; r‘-ady for service: at farmcr’sprice.
B. F. SHANNON, 905 Liberty St.. Pittsburg. Pa.

FOR SALE

Registered Jersey calves of both sexes, well bred, solid
colored and good individuals. One bull fit for service.

J. GRANT MORSE,

I-aurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-pngo illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

P. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. Forinfor-
mati on about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Go., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

875

STREAKS IN BUTTER.

What is the cause of streaks in butter?
Is it due to salt not being thoroughly worked
in? e. s. l.

Madison, Ind.

In spite of some recent experiments by
the Geneva Experiment Station, I believe
one of the most frequent causes of streaks
in butter is due to lack of a thorough
distribution and dissolving of the salt. I
would advise the questioner to write the
Station for the bulletin on the above. If
the weather is cold, and the salt 10 to 20
degrees colder than the butter, it will be
very slow to dissolve, and so being un¬
evenly distributed, the butter will show
light spots or streaks where there is no
salt to deepen the color. As evidence of
this, take two pounds of butter from the
same churning, salt one, and leave the
other unsalted, and note the difference in
color. 1 find it wise to salt the butter
granules in the churn; in cold weather
the temperature there is much warmer
and more uniform than on the worker.
I also warm the salt. Another good
general rule is always to wash the but¬
ter with water as warm as can be used
and keep the granules in form. Some¬
times insufficient working is the trouble.
As a rule there is liability to work too
much rather than too little. The above
suggestions followed will do away with
unnecessary working. All that is needed
is to get the buttermilk out — and this can
best be done in the churn by proper
washing — and then compact the butter to
about the grain of fine steel.

Improper ripening and temperature of
the cream may be another cause. Or the
cream may have in it too large an amount
of casein or skim-milk. This is most
likely to occur in cream raised in the shal¬
low pan, or with some form of deep set¬
ting. Sometimes in the pan the cream is
exposed too long to the air, and it be¬
comes dry, and will not churn into but¬
ter. '1 his can be prevented by laying a
piece of manilla paper over the pans, or
the cream can be strained through a wire
cover. Sometimes the la’ter is difficult
to do. I have answered the above ques¬
tion in a general way, because I do not
know what method the questioner fol¬
lows in handling her cream from cow to
churn. If she feels that any of the above
does not meet her case, and will write
more in detail as to methods and difficul¬
ties, I may be able to give more detailed
information. edward van alstyne.

HOW THEY SHIP LIVE STOCK.

We make a specialty of Berkshires, and
have but little knowledge of shipping any
other kind of stock. Of course, hogs should
be crated in every instance. We take an
accurate measurement of the animal, and
have the crate made so as to give a reason¬
able amount of room for comfort. If the
hog is to go any distance, we have a trough
in the crate and a chute, for convenient feed¬
ing and watering, and send with it enough
feed for two meals per day. I am disposed
to think that expressmen give reasonable at¬
tention to stock, especially if it is not too
much trouble. We aim to make crates as
strong as possible out of light-weight materi¬
al, as the cost of shipment is often a matter
of financial Importance to the buyer, particu¬
larly on long distances. c. E. staiile.

Gettysburg, Pa.

I have found it profitable to ship by ex¬
press, not in amount paid out, so much, but
saving larger animals, such as cows in
milk, from injury ; for instance three fresh
cows I bought less than 00 miles away were
shipped by freight. They were 60 hours in
car, irregularly milked, fed and watered, and
a week after are not fully over the trip.
Froperly crated and by express could have
been shipped after morning milking, and com¬
fortably housed and milked same evening,
at a cost of not over 25 per cent extra. In
my figuring, a profit to me, am I right? All
our crates are built from as strong and tough
lumber as possible, as thin as consistent with
safety. In blustery or cold weather, the
crates are covered with old burlap sacks.
It pays! Feeding, watering and care depends
on the leisure and tender mercies of the
express messengers, who as a whole give
the best care in their power. The trouble in
sending feed along is we have to pay express
rates on it. I like the crate a reasonably
close fit; space to move around Is bad.

Pittsburg, Pa. n. r. shannon.

If we ship by freight we always send a
man in charge, having supplied the necessary
feed before starting ; but for single animals
either large or small for any distance we

consider shipping crated by express altogether
the better way. We simply put them In a
strong crate, allowing them room enough to
lie down. The express company wll care for
them in transit. This is much quicker, and
usually as cheap when you take into con¬
sideration the man’s time and expenses re¬
quired if we ship by freight. I have shipped
animals weighing from 100 to 2,000 pounds
by express long distances, and have never
had an accident. We remember shipping one
that weighed over a ton to Illinois, on which
the express was about $50 ; but you see that
is cheaper than it would have been to ship
by freight, taking into consideration the
expenses of an attendant, t. a. mitchell.

Weedsport, N. Y.

I have shipped sheep and hogs almost
everywhere in the United States. For sheep
I make crate of light material, large enough
so they lie down or stand up comfortably,
but not wide enough so they can turn round.
Leave space between slats at front end far
enough apart so that sheep can stick nose
through ; then take some old or new gunny
sack and tack over front end of crate. Nail
solid at bottom, then nail up one side of
crate to top, then begin at bottom of crate
and nail sack so as to leave quite a bag
between crate and sack ; then fill the sack
as full as possible of fine clover hay. If
to go a long distance construct a box in
front end of crate and fill with cabbage,
beets or turnips, or anything green ; this will
answer for anywhere in the United States.

Fort Recovery, O. noah denny.

Washed In 1 minute

Connt the pieces — notice the dif¬
ference— and you’ll understand why the
one who has to do the cleaning prefers the
simple Sharpies Tubular.

There are other advantages just as much
in favor of the Tubular. Write today for
catalog V-153 — it tells you all about the gain,
use, and choice of a separator.

The Sharpies Separator Co.

West Chester, Pa.

Toronto, Can. Chicago, III.

A Big Difference

One minute’s Washing as compared to
at least fifteen. Wouldn’t you like to save
at least fourteen minutes twice a day?
One minute with a cloth and brush cleans
the absolutely simple Sharpies Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator bowl shown in the upper
picture. It takes fifteen minutes to half an hour
with a cloth and something to dig out dents,
grooves, corners and holes to clean other
bowls— one of which is shown in lower picture.

Washed In 15 to 30 minutes

EXPERIENCE WITH FREEMARTINS.

On page 771 E. W. W. mentions free-
martins, and you ask for experience. I have
had four pairs of twin cattle in the past few
years. The first pair were both heifers and
both raised calves. The last three pairs were
each male and female. Of the first two I
castrated each male and found conditions
normal and perfect although neither heifer
would breed. Of the last pair I saved the
bull for service, but he met death by acci¬
dent a little under one year of age. so I
do not know as to his breeding qualities.
Ills twin sister Is on the place now, just past
two years and has not bred so far.

Michigan. r. h. mc ardle.

On page 771 you ask for the experience of
dairymen with “freeraartius.” In August,
1901, we had a cow give birth to twin
calves, a bull and heifer. When about 15
months old it was discovered that the heifer
only had two teats, and she was killed for
beef. A careful examination revealed the
fact that the organs of reproduction were en¬
tirely lacking, although there was no out¬
ward indication of anything unusual.

Ruth, N. Y. b. h. c.

Western Morgan Horses. — Many of your
readers, I am sure, are interested in Morgan
horses, but perhaps our New England brother
will be somewhat surprised to know that in
Missouri we are raising this strain of horses,
of the finest and most approved type. I
send a newspaper picture of two Morgan
horses, sold a few days ago, for $2,750. They
were bred in Columbia, Mo., winners of the
roadsters pair championship at the World’s
Fair, 1904. If we ever worship a four-footed
animal, it will surely be a Morgan ; full of
spirit and ambition, endurance almost with¬
out limit, courageous as a lion, fearless and
intelligent ; gentle and loving as a child,
with faultless form and action, he is every¬
where caressed and loved by women, and
receives unstinted praise and admiration
from men. r, q. l.

Sedalia, Mo.

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower
sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3,000 revolutions or
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed, does
not draw temper or'
heat tools. Every 1
home needs it. Write
for price and circu¬
lar. A few Rood
agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC, CO., 228 C, Walnut St., Lancaster, Pi

A

A Leffel Engine

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam is the
only dependable power.

I.etfel Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon-
lal. Upright, Portable.

Famous for quick
steaming on little fuel.

Power when wanted,
all you- want. He-
fore 3
power

book, Power
omy and E I 1 1 c
ency. Mailed free.

Write for It.

The James
Leffel ft Co.,

box 160,

Springfield, Ohio.

iHelght ONlC
50 In.,

By this plan the N utlonal Sep¬
arator earns its own cost faster
than you need it. Money refunded
•ny time if machine fails to keep
our promises. Write for full partic¬
ulars about this plan. The

NATIONAL

Separator skims to a trace ;
easiest to run, simplest to clean,
most durable. Write for Book 50,
which tells why. Agents wanted.
The Hastings Industrial Co.,
General Sales Agents,

La Salle A Lake Sts. , Chicago. |
Manufactured by
Katlonal Dairy Haehlae Co.,
Newark, N. J.

Climax Carrier.

CREAM IS MONEY

HOW TO SAVE MORE OF IT

It matters not whether you are sell¬
ing your cream or making it into but¬
ter at home, the more you have of it
the greater your dairy profits will he.
This fact is self-evident, yet many
cow owners are daily wasting one-
half their cream by the use of the old
fashioned gravity setting process of
skimming milk, and at the same time

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help thnt saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bin to manger, carries manure from all
stablings to same pile or dumps on wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. W rite for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co.,

60 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

H B » 1 a ■ oioe i r mine, r o xi n a .
0 0 0 0 Built onco for all. Best

preservers, most durable,
models of convenience,
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special torms
to granges and fanners’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL,
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio.

No More Blind Horses

sore eyes, BARRY CO„IowaCity. Iowa, have sure auro

wondering why their cows do not pay
better. A DE LAV AL CREAM
SEPARATOR would stop this
waste and double the cash returns
from the cows. If you own three or
more cows you cannot afford to he
without a DE LAVAL machine.
It will lessen your work and expenses
fully one-half and double your profits.

By purchasing a DE LAVAL at
once and using it through the coming
winter season when butter prices are
highest it will more than half pay for
itself before spring. Every day’s
delay in purchasing a DE LAVAL'
means a loss of just so much money
to you. Do not put it off but write
to day for illustrated catalogue and
name of nearest local agent.

The De Laval Separator Co.

7 4 Cortlandt Street I Randolph & Canal Sts.

NEW YORK | CHICAGO

Farmtr’s Favorite
Feed Cooker

Is the model for cooking feed
and best adapted to water heat¬
ing. apple butter and sugar
making, etc.— a score of uses.

It's mode to last. Weight
greater than any other cooker
of same low price. Write to¬
day for circular. 8ent free on request.
L. R. Lewis, 1 2 Main St. Cortland, N.Y.

GRIND FINE OR COARSE

all feeds, ear com, with or with¬
out husks, all grains, with the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

Speediest, easiest running, most du*
table mill made. Four sizes. Espe¬
cially adapted for gasoline *n«Mnes.
Use 2 1 percent less power than any
Others. New double cutters, force
feed, no choking.

Lime St, Springfield, Ohio

15 DAYS

FREE
a. TRIAL

E

MILL is the best for your use — that it
will do all sortsofodd jobs, bigorsmall,
we will send you oue on 15 days free
trial. If it doesn’t do your work better
and cheaper than any other mill you
ever heard of, and if it isn’t all we
claim for it, send it back at our expense.
Our freecataloguesbows the many ways
the Monarch is superior to other mills.

SPROUT, WALDRON &. CO.,

P. O. Box 263 Muncy, Pa.

SAWS1

ANY WOOD
IN ANY POSITION
ON ANY GROUND

— — — _ — , 4 In to S ft. Through

1 Man *'ith * Folding Daoi- O MEN with ■
■ Inull Sawing Machine Defllo a. Cron*. cut Saw
8 to 8 corda dally Is the usual average for one man.

■ HUNS RASY gk SAWS D0W5

U No TURKS

Our 1906 Model Machine saws faster, runs easier and will last
longer than ever. Adjusted in a minute to suit a 12-year-old
boy or the strongest man. Send for catalog showing latest
Improvements. First order gets agency.

folding Sawing Mach. Co., 158 E. Harrison St., Chicago, ill.

NEW HOLLAND

Feed Mills

are sold away below any
other standard mills.

Why not save the differ¬
ence? Do all sorts of ear
corn and grain grinding
and they last. Fine meal
makers. Elevator and
bagger if wanted. Three
styles, four sizes. Let us
send you one to try free.

You are sure to like it, but we take the
c nances. We bargain for return at our expense
if not pleased. Write us if you want the fastest
cutting Wood Saw made. Booklets free-
NEW HOLLAND MCH. CO„

Box IIS. New Holland, Pa.

876

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 2, l'J<)5.

BUY DIRECT FROM FACTORY, BEST

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLES ALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Bams, Roofs, all colors, and S A VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Grange. Low prices will surprise you. Write for Samples
0. W. INGERSOLL, 24 (i Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

gf»to 30 per cent commission

to get orders for our celebrated Tea*,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PAID
For prompt attention addresB Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-83 Vesey 8t., New York

The Best of Prophets

of the future in the past.” The
first Page Pences built have been
in use 20 years and nre still good
fences. We make better fences
now than ever before: U»e
stronger wire, heavier eross-
. burs, thicker galvanizing. Write.
I’AGE WOVEN WIKK FENCE CO.
Box 756, Adrian, Mich.

FROM COAST

to coast the Frost Fence and Steel Gates are recog
nized by standard R. R. Cos., and progressive farmers
as the best. Send for catalogue and terms of agency.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

imowmpAYS ™E

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE

AllNo. 9 Steel Wire. WeLsAsTvanized. Weighs /
Y$ more than most fences. 1 ft to 85c per rod
delivered. Wc sell all kinds offence wire at
wholesale prices. Write for fence hook show 4
ing llOstyles. The Brown Fence andj
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio*

OUR FREE CATALOGUE

Tells all about our no-money-
witb-order-plan, freight offer, two
year guaranty and 30 days
free trial offer. We sell
direct, giving biggest bug¬
gy bargain of the year.
26 yearn experience back of

_ every job. We make Open

Baggies from $22.60 up, Top Baggies $27.90 up, Sur-
ries $42.00 up, Wagons $33.90 up, Harness, $4.30 up.

Write today for Free Money Savina Catalogue.

U S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 527, Cincinnati, Ohio.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Our Tanks arc tight and durable
Our Towers will stand In any storm.

Get our rcforcnces In your section. Also
our illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

in

$16.00 AN ACRE
Western
Canada

is the amount many
farmers will realize
from their wheat crop
this year.

O

25 Bushels to the Acre

will be the

Average Yield of Wheat

The land that, this was grown on cost
ninny of the farmers absolutely noth¬
ing, while those who wish to add to the
160 acres the Government grants, can
buy land adjoining at from $6 to $10
on acre.

Climate splendid, schools and
churches convenient, railways
close at hand, taxes low.

Send for pamphlet “20th Century Can¬
ada” and full particulars regarding
rate, etc., to Superintendent of Immi¬
gration, Ottawa, Can.; or to

THOS. DUKCAIf, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuse Bank Building, Sl'ltAtLSK, N. Y.

Mention this paper.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump.
'> bush or bog land.
ChAltK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT. 4 HAY Moves 18, OfU
Tons of Earth in « Day .
Send for Circulars.

j’HIGGANUM. CONN., U.S.A,

Yon Want a Saw

JJIiH? Write Knight, he has
’ them In stork for Kngtnes oMO to 125 _
" horse power. His little booklet, “Lets
Get Acquainted,” gives you an explaDV
thin. Write for It now. The Knight^

Mfg. Company .Dept. J#

Canton, 0*

SLEIGH BARGAINS.

Now is the time to place your order for Sleighs. You can buy
cheaper get a better finished Sleigh than if you wait until later.

■m

-AY

No. ‘JO, Price $20.00.

No. 30, Price $27.50.

The above styles are strictly first-class and fully guaranteed. Just the same
as you have to pay $40.00 and $45.00 for at retail. We will sell them to you at
these low wholesale prices for a short time only. You will make no mistake in
sending in your order now.

We also have a complete line of Harness. Write for catalogue to-day.

ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., Rochester, N. Y.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers nnd buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills, 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight.

DeLOACU MILL M’F’U. CO., Hox 303. Atlanta, Ga.

AW MILL

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of Iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. live sizes portable sawmills; shingle ma¬
chines; lath mills; cord wood, cut-off and rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for It. Address

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.. 129 Ilope St., ilackettstown, N. J.

New York City Office, 610 Engineering Building. «*

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NATIONAL PITLESS SCA

COMPANY, 2107 Wyandotte St., KANSAS CITY. MISSOURI.

Vol. LXIV. No. 2915.

NEW YORK, DECEMBER 9, 1905.

WEEKLY, 81.00 PER YEAR.

BREEDING SUCCESSFUL DAIRY COWS.

THE TWO HALVES OF THE HERD.

How and When to Select Them.

BUYING AND RAISING. — He has been buying cows
for years, and has made up his mind that in order to
keep li is dairy good and to have the kind of cows he
wants he will raise his own stock. He didn’t average
to get more than one in three good ones when he
bought and thinks he could not at least fare any worse
in breeding his own stock. He is going into a very
uncertain business, in which very few suc¬
ceed, and will need all the information
that he can get. He may read book after
book on breeding, and know pedigrees by
the yard, and yet breed nothing but
scrubs. In almost every dairy paper and
at almost every farmers’ institute we read
and hear about the large number of cow
‘‘boarders” that are being kept at a loss,
and knocking off from the profits of the
better cows. This is certainly true, but
all these cows were bred by some one
who wanted either to make good the herd
or raise stock to sell. Either the knowl¬
edge of breeding was faulty or the meth¬
ods poor that so large a number of the
calves annually raised either never make
a cent of profit for their owner or, as one
man expressed it, “are kept solely for the
pleasure of their company; there ain’t a
cent in ’em.” A good many of these are
raised by the man who raises a certain
number every year regardless of sire and
dam, or the calves that are born in Fall
or Spring; when it is handy to start them
they arc chosen without much regard to
fitness. It is an old adage that “the bull
is half the herd,” but that has been im¬
proved by the one that “a poor bull is the
whole of the herd,” because he imparts
his poor qualities to all his offspring, and
the herd degenerates. The farm papers
and the institute talkers tell us “select a
purebred sire, etc.” to build up the herd.

Well and good, but because an animal’s
name is in the herd book and his pedigree
can be traced many generations doesn’t
make him the right animal. There are a
lot of scrubs registered and eligible to reg¬
istry, and the beginner often gets “salted”
with one of these, and the mistake found
out too late.

S 1 AR I TNG RIGHT. — The first thing
to do is to know what we want and then
to get it, and never stop till we do, though
the road he rough, crooked and 10 times
as long as we expected. Before selecting
any animal for breeding we ought to have
in our mind an ideal animal, and work
towards that end always.

We want animals for dairy purposes
that will produce a large flow of milk with least ex¬
pense for food, and in all breeds there are animals of
certain types that go much farther than others in
doing this. We want a bull as head of the herd that
will impart to his offspring a sound constitution and
a form capable of doing the prescribed work. Our
ideal of a good bull is one that from his shoulders back
is similar to the type of a good dairy cow, while should¬
ers, neck ar.d head show his sex very strongly. Fig.
<»95 shows a sire of fairly good type, but with a little
too sleepy a iook. Head should be well set on a strong,
arched neck and rather heavy shoulders; deep between
shoulders, with plenty of room for a large lung develop¬
ment; a large barrel with ribs well sprung and wide
apart, so that you can lay two fingers in between them;

wide at the hips, and quite a space from hip to first rib;
long slim tail ; rudimentary teats large and well placed ;
no surplus flesh or fat. Not a tame pet, but an animal
full of vigor and vim; a dairy type animal capable of
consuming a large amount of coarse material. We saw
at the head of a large herd recently a sire that might
have been kept for speed as far as build went ; a straight
upper and under line on long legs, and built for a run¬
ner, hut not to head a dairy of milch cows. “Like pro¬
duces like” still holds good, and this must always be
borne in mind in breeding. Fig. 398 illustrates this;

the dam with one exception is a fine dairy type, but is
too narrow behind, and her nine-months-old son is still
more so, and will never make a good sire because of
this. Both these animals are all right with this ex¬
ception.

THE MILKMAKFR. — For the cow we want a ma¬
chine capable of handling and digesting a large amount
of coarse and concentrated food, using only enough of
this to repair the wastes of the body, and turning the
remainder into milk. There are outward signs and
indications of such an animal, and these we should
know and constantly study. If the cow does what we
have just asked of her, it is hard work, and like most
human hard workers she will not carry much surplus
flesh or fat. Rather she will be a frame of bone and

muscle covered with a soft flexible skin. In the first
place, she must have strong vitality to supply the blood
and nerve force to do this work, and a large digestive
system to handle the food. Fig. 397 shows anything but
a profitable cow. She is as smooth and round as a ball.
You can hardly feel her ribs. Her back is flat as a
pancake, not a ridge on it ; smooth and square behind
with a nearly straight under line; a good fat ham that
would cut a steak any time. This is r.ot the type we
want. She puts all the feed possible on her back, and
if there is a little to spare it goes into the milk pail,
but she is always looking out for No. 1.
Don’t give her standing room in the barn.

THE TYPE REQUIRED.— Figs. 394
and 396 are of a different type of cow.
They look rather bony, carrying no sur¬
plus flesh; their food goes to milk. No¬
tice the milk vein in Fig. 396, large and
running well ahead ; this signifies that the
heart furnishes the udder (and all parts
of the system) plenty of blood to do its
work. Notice that the under line of each
of these cows is curved ; and although
small cows they have a large barrel, with
good well-sprung ribs wide apart; a high
arching flank, wide at the hips and hip
bones rather prominent. Quite a space be¬
tween tail and legs, showing an incurved
thigh with no meat scarcely on the hams.
The backbone is prominent and behind the
shoulders is sharp. No one would want
to ride bare-back on these cows. Run
your hand along the backbone and you find
it full of ridges, showing that the ribs are
wide apart, and with the long slim tail,
that there is a good spinal cord, meaning
a good nerve development. The eyes are
bright, and stick out from a wide fore¬
head, denoting intelligence. The udders,
the last thing looked at, are well placed,
the teats of good size and shape. The
cow at the left in Fig. 394, weighing about
800 pounds, has given over 9,500 pounds'
of milk in the last nine months, besides
carrying a calf due in three months. Fig.
397 has given less than 4,000, though the
difference in cost of feed has been less
than $10. big. 397 goes out, while Fig.
394 stays in. Select for breeding only the
cows that come nearest to the type you
want to perpetuate. r\ he udders of many
cows are defective. Use only cows with
square well-shaped udders running well
ahead and far up behind; the kind that
have plenty of space and tissue that with
other things being right must give milk.
We want continually to breed better and
improve the good qualities rather than
emphasize and perpetuate the weak and
bad. Many a well-bred calf is spoiled be¬
fore reaching maturity, but that is another
story. The dairy calf needs as much
consideration as the dairy cow. h. g. Manchester.

TILE DRAINAGE.

ECONOMY IN THE WORK. — For nearlv 25 vears
I have given this matter a good deal of attention, aim¬
ing, if possible, to reach the most practical and cheapest
plan to do the work properly. If the farmer does the
work himself, with the labor employed on the farm, and
has much of it to do, other farm work for the time be¬
ing must be put aside. Few farmers find it possible to
drain their farms at one time; that is, do it all in a sin¬
gle season. On most- farms the work may be thought to
be completed, but as time goes on, more is found neces¬
sary. As the farm help is constantly changing, if the
farmer cannot do the particular part himself, he must

BREED THIS TYPE ALONG IN YOUR HERD. Fig. 394.

DAIRY SIRE BUILT FOR BUSINESS. Fig. 395.

878

T II K RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 9,

A COW TO PIN YOUR FAITH TO. Fig. .390.

other contractor was induced to extend his route over
the Nashua & Rochester road, taking in another dis¬
trict of the State; and the business gradually grew;
the predominating breed of cattle was Holsteins. At
this time we had reached the high-water mark, as the
surplus began to show up and then the standard began

to rise and the price began to fall. The farmers band¬
ed together and kept the price up for a time; but it be¬
came a fact that the time had come when the price must
go down, so at some seasons 22 cents a can of 8]4
quarts delivered in the car, was all that could be had.
So with the standard continuing to rise many of the
farmers were either forced to go out of the business or

THE WRONG BUILD FOR A DAIRY COW. Fig. 397.

“LIKE PRODUCES LIKE.” TOO NARROW. Fig. 398.

break in new men' nearly every time any of this work is
done. Sometimes they are handy, and learn easily, and
again they do not.

I have never been able to use a plow, or any machine
on my land, with any degree of satisfaction. While I
have tried to use a plow, I have never used any kind
of a machine built for that purpose, nor
have I known of any being used in this
section. For a time, I thought to pur¬
chase a plow manufactured and much ad¬
vertised for this purpose, but my efforts
to use a farm plow were never satisfac¬
tory, and as a result discouraged me from
buying a plow made for this purpose. At
the time draining can be done with the
lightest labor in my soil, that is, when the
soil is soft — it is difficult to work a team
over it with satisfaction. In all my work
I have aimed to get all lines of drains as
straight as possible. When drains arc
cut on the farm, the teams arc usually
out of practice, as well as the owners, for
correct driving, 'which results in a lot of
crooked work. Then it has always
seemed to me that it was a good deal
of work to clean out these plow furrows,
ready for a continuance of the work. And
then when the cuttings are filled up, it
requires more plow work to level up the
land, than if the work had been done by
hand.

If professional ditchers do the work,
the}’' much prefer to do the whole of it
rather than to finish after the plow. The
greatest amount of tile 1 have laid in a
single season has been about 400 rods.

Sometimes 50 rods is put down in the
Spring, and again I may lay 200. It is
owing to the necessities of the land to be
plowed for a crop at that time. I have
found it much easier and cheaper to cut
drains where there is a sod, than to cut
them in naked soil. On this account it
is my custom to do the work when the
land is a clover sod, and during the Win¬
ter or Spring before the land is to be
plowed for a crop. Often the plowing
and ditching is going on at the same time
in a field.

The only successful ditching machine,
that I know of, would not work in my
land on account of small stones that are
frequent, and then a bowlder is sometimes
found. It was always my aim when
working at it myself, to move as little
soil as possible, cutting the ditches as
narrow as they could be worked in. Oc¬
casionally I attach drains to those that
have been laid 20 or more years, and I
have always found these old lines of tile
in as good working order as when they
were first laid. In filling in the ditches
after the tile is laid, I always use a plow
and one or two horses. In another ar¬
ticle I will tell how I do the work to
economize labor, secure a perfect grade,
and make the work permanent.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

change their cattle, and as a consequence many began
to mix Jerseys and Durhams into their herds. Some
put in Ayrshires, and by thoroughly mixing the milk
were enabled to keep it up to standard.

With all of these changed conditions in view manv
of the farmers have put in separators, and have gone to
making butter; they are selling to custo¬
mers and enjoying a great peace of mind
once more. The average price of butter
iierc is 25 cents the year around ; and
all who make it say they could sell double
what they are able to make. To sum up
the whole, the dairy business as selling
milk to contractors is on the wane, but as
selling milk, cream and butter at retail is
on the increase yearly. Purebred stock is
growing more and more prominent everv
year. Holsteins, Ayrshires, Jerseys and
Guernseys are the principal breeds now
most commonly used. The Guernseys arc
just now coming more and more into the
front rank, as they are more hardy than
the Jersey, a little larger and give a large
flow of rich, yellow milk with a high per
cent of butter fat. Oxen in these days
are very scarce ; only a few are used on
the farms at present, as the changed con¬
ditions demand a team that will move a
little quicker. Those that are used in
thl? section are principally Herefords.
Strafford Co., N. II. a. j. t.

FUMIGATION OF NURSERY
STOCK .

My attention has just been called to a
short article on page 812 in regard to
fumigation of nursery stock. It is true
that fumigation of orchard trees in the
East has not given results that would
recommend it to the use of practical men.
The cost of tents, their liability to being
burned by the acid used in fumigation, the
difficulty of gauging amounts correctlv,
the time required to do the work, all op¬
erate against its general use in orchard
work. But in spite of these facts, fumi¬
gation is quite generally practiced on the
Citrus fruit trees in California, and well-
known writers in that State, both practi¬
cal men and scientists, consider it by far
the best means of dealing with insect
pests for this class of trees.

The fumigation of nursery stock, how¬
ever, is quite a different problem. Here
the plants can be brought together in a
small room, the contents of which are
known, and in this way the operation is
very much cheapened and simplified. This
method of treating nursery stock has been
practiced in Virginia for 10 years, and it
is now generally conceded both by nur¬
serymen and nursery inspectors, that fum¬
igation is the best treatment for nursery
stock. The question as to the effective¬
ness of fumigation against the San Jose
scale, when properly done, and also as to
its non-injurious effect on deciduous
fruit plants, while in the dormant state,
was definitely settled some years ago. A
few nurserymen and fruit-growers have
claimed recently that trees were injured
by fumigation and, because of these
claims, some exhaustive experiments were
conducted during the Fall of 1904 to
learn, if possible, whether we were all
mistaken in regard to this matter, and
whether fumigation really is injurious to
nursery stock. A. F. Burgess, State En¬
tomologist of Ohio, T. B. Symons, State
Entomologist of Maryland, and the writer
undertook this work in the Fall of 1904,
each without the knowledge of the other.
We all arrived at practically the same
conclusions; namely, that fumigation, as
recommended by nursery inspectors, will
not injure well-matured nursery stock.
Whenever our attention has been called
to apparent injury by fumigation, we have
almost always been able to trace it to
some other cause. The most fruitful
source of this is the exposure of stock to
sun or wind, or improper methods of
heeling into the soil. The writer can
speak only for Virginia and a few other
States in which the conditions are known to him. In
these cases fumigation is not a farce. Our nurserymen
show no disposition to shirk their duties or minimize
the importance of this very necessary operation , and
should they do so, there would be no hesitation in en¬
forcing the law so as to protect the fruit-grower to the
fullest extent. J. l. Phillips.

DAIRY CONDITIONS IN SOUTH¬
EASTERN NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Previous to 1873 most of the farmers
in this section made a small amount of
butter and a considerable one of beef. At
that time nearly every farm had a yoke
of oxen on it. The farmer would man¬
age to have a yoke of oxen to work and
a yoke of steers growing up so to take
the place of the oxen when they were
ready for the block. The cows then kept
were largely for stock raising, and gave
but a small flow of milk, and only for a
short period. Through the efforts of a
few of the farmers here one of the Boston
milk contractors was induced to extend
a route through this corner of the State
in the Fall of 1S73. Many of the farm¬
ers that lived in a reasonable distance
from the various stations began putting
on milk. In these times the price of milk
was some thirty-odd cents a can delivered
to the car. At this time there began to
be a change in the breed of cattle kept;
as it became necessary to have a breed that would give a
large quantity of milk, and for a longer period. At
this time the standard of quality was low, so the farm¬
ers began breeding grade Holstein cows, and they
proved very satisfactory, giving a large quantity and of
fair quality. The business became so well liked that
other farmers began to get interested, and later on an¬

1905.

879

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

FRUIT CROWING IN ALABAMA.

I wish to plant five acres to apples, land lying on a hill¬
side, and also to set out plum trees in poultry yards 20x125
feet, yards running down hill. Pullets are to have run of
the live-acre orchard. What system of culture would be
best in each case to prevent washing of soil, to keep land
clean so as not to endanger health of fowls, and to insure
a thrifty growth of trees? Would sod culture, mentioned
by C. U. on page 742, be adaptable to a young orchard?
If so, 1 would like to know details in regard to this method.

Birmingham, Ala. reader.

Our orchard is located on a hillside, and in places
the slope is rather steep. We run the rows across the
side and cultivate that way, not up and down. To
keep the soil from washing we drill peas in rows 30
inches apart between the rows of trees and work two
or three times, then sow Fall grain, or let the Fall grass
cover the ground, dhe poultry feed on the ripe peas
and growing grain most of the Winter and Spring.
In poultry yards the fowls keep all growth down, and
we find that trees make a thrifty growth with very
little cultivation. The apples make the most unsatis¬
factory growth of any trees we have. We tried sod cul¬
ture with some plum and pear trees, and made a com¬
plete failure of it; 30 per cent of the trees have died,
and the remainder are little larger than they were when
set out four years ago. These trees have given us no
fruit, while those on cultivated ground have made a
good growth and given us considerable fruit.

Huntsville, Ala. R- E- c.

The only way that side-hill lands planted in orchards
can be prevented from washing of the soil is to lay off
that land with horizontal
ditches, so as to carry off
the water. These ditches
can be placed from 20 to 40
feet apart, according to the
lay of the land. Rows of
trees should be planted so
as to follow the lines of the
ditches, and the land kept
under clean system of cul¬
tivation. We do not ap¬
prove of sod culture of or¬
chards in this country. T he
best method is to plant cow
peas between the trees, cut
off the tops in the Fall for
forage, but leave the roots
in the ground. The reason
we do not advocate sod cul¬
ture in apple orchards South
is because of the lack of the
proper grasses that will
stand our Summers. Such
perennials as Bermuda and
Guinea grass are very ob¬
jectionable. Therefore clean
culture is the best.

P. J. BERCKMANS & CO.

In order to prevent the
orchard from washing I
would advise that the rows
of trees be planted as nearly
as possible on a level, cir¬
cling around the hill instead
of being planted in straight
rows, by laying off every
other row with a terracing
level and cultivating always with the tree rows, not
plowing up and down the hill. Each tree row can be
made to act as a terrace, and by keeping the tree row
slightly higher than the soil between rows washing can
be prevented. Young orchards do best with clean, shal¬
low cultivation, and no grain should be planted in
them, nor should the land be sown to grass or sodded
until the trees reach bearing age. If desired to grow
crops in the orchard, any low-growing crop that requires
clean cultivation, such as cotton, peas or potatoes, can
be planted without material injury to the orchard, pro¬
vided said 'crop is well fertilized and kept cleanly culti¬
vated. On account of the fact that cotton must be kept
free from grass and weeds and the soil stirred fre¬
quently, it is an ideal crop to plant in young southern
orchards. J- D- C.

Hillsides in Alabama are not suitable for apples.
Peaches or Japan plums would be more profitable on
such a site. If planted to apples, however, it will be
advisable to lay off the rows so as horizontally to belt
the hill slope, taking care to run each row either on a
level or with a slight fall, the grade being continuous
from beginning to end of row. This will permit culti¬
vation and to a certain extent check erosion. Early
Flarvest is best commercial Summer apple for this sec¬
tion, and Yates and Terry best Winter apples. Abund¬
ance, the best “all purpose” Japan plum, will be found
suitable for poultry yards. Planted 20 feet apart in
the center of each pen they should have a year’s start
before the poultry is turned in, as otherwise their roots
might be damaged by the scratching. When one year
old they will not be injured by the fowls, while the
latter will keep the yards clean of grass and weeds and

obviate the necessity for cultivation. If the hillside is
very steep it may be found necessary to construct a
“breakwater” by extending six-inch boards at intervals
across the pens. Soil will gradually fill up behind these
and a series of steps or terraces will thus result in a
season or two. Small auger holes should be bored in
the planks to allow the water to seep through, while
arresting the soil. This will prevent puddles on the
upper side of the plank in rainy weather. Sod culture
has not proved successful in the South with young
orchards. The grass robs the trees of their moisture
supply at the time they most need it for growth. In
old apple or pear orchards, where the roots have pene¬
trated to a depth sufficient to render them independent
of the surface water supply abstracted by the sod, it is
permissible to sow the area, preferably with a mixture
of Blue grass and White clover but the plot should be
proportionately fertilized. HUGH N. starnes.

Georgia Exp. Station.

CULTIVATION FOR A YOUNG ORCHARD.

About renewing a Massachusetts orchard on page 824
Prof. Maynard says a liberal amount of stable manure
must be applied and plowed under, or else a crop of
rye, one of oats and peas, and one of peas and barley, or
three successive crops should in turn be raised and
plowed under, saying this treatment is inexpensive.
Now this may be so for most of the people, but there
are others to whom this expense would be prohibitive;
for instance, a man who must make every day and
acre count to make their ends meet, and at the same

time try to grow an orchard. I think that either of the
above methods of fertilizing is not only unnecessary,
but absolutely harmful in the early life of an orchard,
notwithstanding the fact that most people think other¬
wise Yet if I had some of them here I could give
them strong proof of what I say. I have watched this
very thing for some time, and the more I see of it the
more I am convinced that there is but one fertilizer that
should be used on a tree the year it is set, and that
is elbow grease applied with a hoe. When I took pos¬
session of this place in the Spring of 1903 there was
one lot in corn stubble. (I saw the man draw the corn
off the Winter before on a wheelbarrow, and he did
not have to go many times at that for five acres). The
soil is light and was considered very poor. In the
Spring of 1903 I plowed this and set it to standard
apples 40 feet each way, filled it with apples one way
and peaches the other, making the piece 20 feet each
way. This has been planted to corn every year since,
the crop getting better each year ; this year being pro¬
nounced by all who saw it as good as any in this sec¬
tion. In the Fall of 1904 each tree had a light dressing
of stable manure. Aside from this there has been no
fertilizer used on either corn or trees, just good cul¬
tivation, yet when looked over this Fall by Prof. U. P.
Hedrick and Edward Van Alstyne they pronounced
these trees, both apple and peach, as fine as they had
seen anywhere, the professor saying if anything he
thought the peaches had too much color. They ripened
finely, however, and are entirely bare at this time, and
have as fine a set of fruit buds as I ever saw.

The crop of corn has more than paid the cost of
carrying this orchard to date. This is what I would

call a poor man’s way. As to varieties, Prof. Maynard
gives the Astrachan as a Fall apple. With us it is an
early Summer, and being much subject to a disease of
the trunk, is not very long lived. If setting at all, I
would use as a filler. I would also think the Fall Pip¬
pin, being a good hardy grower, good bearer and having
for some years brought top price in Boston market,
should be a good one. w. H.

Columbia Co., N. Y.

SOME NEEDS OF DAIRYMEN.

Thirty years’ active service milking cows and manu¬
facturing butter and cheese convinces me that a suc¬
cessful dairyman must become impressed with the true
dairy spirit. Until a man becomes a student he is a
failure in any vocation, no matter how much informa¬
tion is lying around him. Of course the great mass of
material published for our benefit must be relative to the
details of our work. But I am sure that most of it is
wasted unless that subtle agency is at work which has
filled the dairy soul to overflowing. I do not mean by
this that a man’s whole energy should be absorbed in
breeding, feeding and caring for his herd. The modern
dairy farmer must be a man of affairs, broader and big¬
ger than his farm. If the farm makes a slave of its
owner, no matter if the cows reach an abnormal produc¬
tion, in my opinion that man is not a success. What we
most need on our dairy farms is not primarily new build¬
ings and blooded stock, but a new blooded owner. When
this conversion takes place all other things will soon be
added thereto, and without hardship ; a balancing of parts

not only as it affects the
broader man, but also the
various duties that concern
his agricultural welfare.

Some of us are able to
breed a good herd, some to
feed them for their highest
production, others keep the
farm neat and tidy, and still
another produces maximum
crops. The last mentioned
gets his satisfaction out
of the growing crop, not
stopping to think that he is
selling his hard work in the
poorest and cheapest mar¬
ket in the world. This
same man would no doubt
make a six-mile trip and
spend a day to secure an
extra one-fourth cent per
pound on a pig. I know a
man who bred a fine herd,
or rather they would have
been had they been properly
nourished. As it was they
were inferior from the
utilitarian point of view ; a
neighboring herd of scrubs
given skilled care were far
more productive and profit¬
able. The present genera¬
tion has inherited much tra¬
dition that hangs as a mill¬
stone about the dairy busi¬
ness. Animal husbandry was
originally founded upon nat¬
ural conditions, and we therefore forget that modern
dairy science is an artificial creation. Evidence is at hand
upon every side; the rise and fall of milk flow as meas¬
ured by weather and climatic conditions ; poor dry pas¬
tures and no substitute. Our present civilization pro¬
vides against any possibility of famine; the savage dies
periodically from starvation. Our dairy civilization is
comparable when we fail to exercise that complete mas¬
tery over soils, fertilizers, plant and animal life, a con¬
ception of which is possible through a study and under¬
standing of the best modern practices. I believe firmly,
after a study of the various farm specialties found upon
our American farms that one can safely say concerning
the dairy, it offers greater opportunity for home build¬
ing, pleasure, active mental and physical muscle com¬
bined, and is farther removed from the speculative and
therefore possessing the greatest stability than any other
branch of agriculture. In other words, the broad gauged
up-to-date dairyman or dairywoman living in its fullest
conception and fruition may be and should be compar¬
able to the best in our American life as measured by our
accepted standard of ethics. h. e. cook.

A VERMONT CANNING FACTORY.— At Waterbury. I saw
some very nice farms, with well-kept buildings and fertile
fields, free from stone. The pastures are of the best, and
well stocked with Jersey cows of better quality than I have
seen almost anywhere else. I was much interested in a
canning factory located here at Waterbury. The farmers
about here grow sweet corn, usually a variety giving a good
growth of stalk and leaf. The ears are sold to the cannery
and the refuse, cobs, husks, etc., drawn back, as the skim-
milk from a creamery, and put in the silo with the stalks.
The average yield is from six to seven tons of ears per acre,
and the price is $10 per ton. which with the feeding value of
the stalks and refuse returned from factory ought to make
a very good proposition. I notice a majority of the farmers
are planning for a larger acreage next year. e. l,

BED OF BABY RAMBLER ROSE (MME. NORBERT LEVAVASSEUR). Fig. 399.

See Ruralisms, Page 882.

88o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 9,

BRIEF FERTILIZER TALKS.
Wintering Manure For The Carden.

For my garden I am able to obtain from
neighbors’ stables a large quantity of manure,
but I have no shelter for it, and it is too
coarse to spread on a garden without de¬
composing. J have quite a quantity decom¬
posed last Summer ready to spread on my
garden next Spring. I wish to use it on
strawberries, asparagus beds, and around
grapevines. 1 wish to ask what valuable
elements, and to what extent, have I lost,
and how under the circumstances can loss
without large outlay be avoided? c. a. hale.

It would be impossible to say what pro¬
portion of the plant food in such manure is
lost. In some cases 50 per cent is leached
out. A rough shelter of old boards or even
brush over the manure will prevent leach¬
ing. If possible make the pile on hard soil,
scooping out a saucer-shaped place to the
clay. As the pile is made, stamp the manure
down hard and leave the top in a hollow or
dish shape to hold water. In making up the
pile use all the waste or bedding possible,
and keep it (irmly stamped. Use sods, kitchen
wastes, slops, etc., in making up the pile
and be sure that enough water falls upon it
to keep ii moist without leaching away
from it. (Jive a rough shelter by setting up
posts and putting boards or brush across.
If possible fork it over at least once during
the Winter.

expected. Can you give me a better combina¬
tion. with the amount to use per acre? I
shall have 10 cords of stable manure per
acre this year. h. c. p.

Bangor, Me.

Let us see what you had in this mixture.

Phos.

Nitrogen Acid Potash
1,000 lbs. acid phosphate... 120

1,000 lbs. muriate . 500

1,000 lbs. tankage . 70 120

1,000 lbs. bone meal . 75 250

200 nitrate . 32

Total 4,200 . 177 490 500

This gives a fertilizer analysis 4.2 per cent
nitrogen, over 11 phosphoric acid, and about
12 of potash. With 10 cords of stable man¬
ure this ought to have given good results
for most crops. The best suggestion we can
make is to use a larger proportion of nitrate
of soda as truck crops grow rapidly and
require more soluble nitrogen than either
tankage or ground bone can furnish. In this
mixture the bone is useful as a drier, as the
acid phosphate and muriate are apt to stick
together or “cake." We would use 600 pounds
of nitrate and 400 of tankage making two
tons. Of this mixture 800 pounds per acre
ought to answer with the manure.

FRUIT NOTES.

Akkbia Quinata. — I was glad to hear
about the Japanese vine Akebia quinata. page
762. I planted this and Actinidia polygama
several years ago, but have seen no fruit
yet. Perhaps Bridle & Latham can supply
the “long felt want" in that direction.

Illinois. b. buckman.

Wood Ashes For Peach Trees. *

I would like to know how much wood
ashes, made from slabs of all kinds of
native timber. I can safely put under ray
peach, pear and apple trees. They have
been set nine and 11 years. The peaches
averaged 1 V> bushel to a tree last year, but
were not as large fruit as I would like to
grow, and I want to feed my trees some way,
so as to produce larger fruit. I have been
scattering some manure right from horse
stable over the ground this Winter. I can
buy the ashes for 50 cents per load, all I can
haul in two-horse wagon, and being on the
old National Pike 35 miles east of Indian¬
apolis, that means two tons per load.

Knightstown, lud. j. c. o.

We would put the limit at two tons per
acre of wood ashes. We have heard of
larger quantities being used, but we would
not advise it. Of course the ashes will be
scattered evenly all over the acre and well
harrowed in. You have a bonanza in such
cheap ashes. Such a load would cost us
delivered nearly $20. The ashes alone may
not increase the size of your fruit greatly.
They furnish lime, potash and phosphoric
acid, while nitrogen is the element required
to increase the size. Stable manure will help
or you can grow clover or cow peas in the
orchard.

Nitrate of Soda Alone.

Will you give me your opinion upon nitrate
of soda as a fertilizer for corn, potatoes and
grass? IIow much would you use in a half
acre for potatoes, with no other fertilizer or
stable manure, and how much on an acre of
corn well coated with stable manure? r.

Chesterfield, Mass.

Nitrate of soda is very useful when you
want nitrogen alone. There is nothing else
in the nitrate that will do you any good. It
is not good economy to use it alone on corn
or other crops, because they need potash and
phosphoric acid as well as nitrogen. Nitrate
of soda alone often gives good results on
grass or grain, but for corn or potatoes we
would not use it alone unless we were sure
that the soil already had enough potash ard
phosphoric acid.

Lime With Fertilizer.

Would lime destroy the effects of the nitro¬
gen in a chemical fertilizer, if both were
applied at the same time? f. s. k.

Pennsylvania.

No. lime will not destroy the effects of
nitrogen. When mixed with hen or stable
manure the lime sets free ammonia so that
it escapes. When they are used together in
the soil small loss occurs, because the soil
holds the ammonia. Phosphoric acid is af¬
fected by lime, as we have often explained.
Acid phosphate gives a form of phosphoric
acid soluble in water. When lime is used
with it the two make a chemical combination
which renders the phosphoric much less sol¬
uble. We would not use the two together,
though ground bone and lime may safely be
used.

Fertilizer in Spring For Wheat .

I have a field that I seeded to wheat
September 9. I put no manure or fertilizer,
as my lease expired and I did not know
whether I would stay another term. Since
that. I have made up my mind to stay, I pur¬
posed top-dressing t ho field with manure about
November. Could I put some fertilizer on
next Spring? The field or soil is thin, I am
anxious to get a good crop off it. I under¬
stand that fertilizers put on the top are
no good ; that they should be thoroughly in¬
corporated in the soil at seeding time.

Pennsylvania. e. r. s.

Yes, you can help the wheat by using fer¬
tilizer in file Spring. If .von top-dress with
manure this Fall you will probably supply
nitrogen enough to make the crop. You
will need in that case potash and phosphoric
acid, and by sowing 50 pounds of muriate
of potash and 150 pounds of acid phosphate
per acre you will help the wheat. That is
the lowest amount we would advise — twice
as much will pay if you Intend to stay on
this farm. If in the Spring the wheat does
not start well, and looks light colored, nitro¬
gen is evidently needed. You can save it by
using 50 pounds nitrate of soda to the acre
in addition to the other fertilizers. As to
whether fertilizers put on top of the soil are
effective depends upon the fertilizer. The
three chemicals mentioned here are all
soluble in water and when put on the sur¬
face are dissolved and carried down into the
soil. Others, like bone tankage are not so
soluble, and must first decay before plants
can use them. Therefore they should be
worked into the soil.

A Mixture For Garden Truck.

I mixed one-half ton of acid phosphate,
one-half ton muriate of potash, nne-half ton
tankage, one-half ton bone meal and 200
pounds nitrate of soda, and used on garden
truck 800 pounds per acre, with 10 cords
stable fborse) manure. Ground is a rocky
loam, and the result was not as good as 1

Oats in Orcharp. — Noting the case of
D. W. S., on page 695, I should say the
trouble with his trees was the shock of
growing a fine crop of oats among them.
Our experience has been that nothing will
atone for that. w. b. w.

East Greenwich, R. I.

Sod-Grown Peaches. — T. II. King of
Tompkins Co., N. Y., recently sent us a crate
of beautiful peaches. He says : “They were
grown on trees set in 1900, well cultivated
until July, 1904, seeded to clover then.
Heavy growth this year. Mowed twice and
left on ground. Peaches colored very much
better than on trees that were thoroughly
cultivated this year.”

Oil Spray. — I have noted the discussion
in your paper in regard to sprays for orchard
trees, and 1 want to give you the results of
an accidental spraying. On April 1, 1899,
we shot an oil well near our orchard. The
crude oil was thrown over a tree of Maiden
Blush, and it was completely drenched, so
that it dripped oil. The tree was still dor¬
mant. Instead of killing the tree, as many
predicted, it did unusually well, and for
three years bore immense crops of large, ex¬
ceedingly fair fruit. My idea is that if
crude oil kills trees it is because of the gas
in the oil. This well was filled before shoot¬
ing from a tank of oil which had stood
until the gas was all evaporated. So if I
am right, use crude free from gas and you
get the good results, without the injury.

Wellsville, N. Y. si. f. u.

Strawberries for Hill Culture. — As I
intend to run out a portion of my patch in
hills I am interested in this question. I have
a theory, based on a limited experience, that
those standard varieties that do best in
matted row are not best for hill culture,
for the reas*mi that such varieties as Ilaver-
land, Warfield. Dunlap, etc., give an abund¬
ance of berries on young plants, but when
crowded into large old plants, as is neces¬
sary to do to keep them in hills, become so
forward as to be winter-killed. A few years
ago I put out about two thousand of War-
field and Bederwood plants in August about
the same as potted plants; kept them in hills
and thoroughly cultivated until late in the
Fall. I thought I should have some very
fine berries from them, but to my disap¬
pointment the crop was short and berries
inferior, while on the patch I took the
plants from the crop was the best I ever
harvested. The only reason I could give
was that the bloom buds were so advanced as
to be hurt by the Winter, as they could be
plainly seen in the Fall. This season I kept
a few Kelly Rice and Gandy in hills. From
one hill of Kelly Rice I picked the first of
September enough bloom buds to make a
quart of berries, if they had reached average
size. I do not see how that drain could be
anything but a loss to the plant. But I
would like to know what is the experience of
other growers along the line. e. c. green.

Ohio.

White Grubs and Rota toes. — If Prof.
Sllngerland had realized how fond the white
grub is of potatoes he would not have advised
planting them on grub infested land. The
damage to potatoes in this section this year
from the white grubs is very great, f. c. c.

Maine.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

More Power Spraying outfits with
our 1*2 and 2*2 H. P. AIR-COOLED
Engines are used than all others com¬
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It is light. Write for Catalog 5 on
Engines for Power and'Spraying

R. H. DEYO & CO., Binghamton, New York.

The Best Crops Grow where BE AH LIEU’S seeds go.
Importer of best French seeds. Potatoes, Gladiolus,
Dahlias, Wheats, etc. 21 prizes at New York. Silver
medal at St. Louis. Beaulieu. Woodhaven, L. I., N.Y,

rLAY ROSE POTATOES WANTED.-A few
v bushels. Send sample and price.

J. J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass.

Strawberry Plants

Virginia and Chesapeake, winners of$100 GOLD PRIZE
otTers; also Cardinal, Commonwealth, North Shore, Oaks
Early, New York, Glen Mary. Stevens Champion, and 90
others; best list, good stock, fair prices. Dewberries: Lu*
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f1.. J _ Full line best new and standard old vari-
ouuaw eties GARDEN, FIELD and FLOWER
SEEDS. New 60 Page Catalogue Free. It tells about
good plants and seeds and where to get them. Send now to

W. F. ALLEN, Dept. 17, SALISBURY, MD.

THE RADIANT

Acetylene Generator

Rush’s Patent DISSOLVING PROCESS.

Coolest, Safest, Simplest Process
Known for Light and Heat

Working parts in plain view. Is Absolutely
Safe. Insurance permitted. Cooking with acety¬
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Process. It is indispensable wherever the best
light and heat are required. Send for catalog
and price list.

RUSH ACETYLENE GENERATOR GO.,

38 Beeman St., Canandaigua, N. Y.

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As
practical fruit growers
we were using the com¬
mon sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then in¬
vented TUB ECLIPSE. Its
success practically forced us
into manufacturing on a
large scale. You take no
chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich

GREEN’S

Wedding Announcement

He loved the girl very much.
That was his business.

She loved him just as well.

That was her business.

They decided to be married.
That was their business.

They will need Vines, Plants
and Trees for their garden,
That’s OUR business.

We have a surplus of Asparagus
plants. Poplar and Apple trees. Send
for free catalog; also Fruit Magazine.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO

Rochester, N. Y.

:1

J

NUT TRFF^ Jai>an Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon
II U I I 1ILLO Chestnuts, Ridgely and American.

MANCHURICA WALNUTS.
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap.
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬
ing. Catalogue free. Address,

JOS. II. BLACK, SON &CO., Hiffhtstown.N. J.

A LF A LF A HAY wing1 &sBRba!

AV 1 i-TV 1 Mcchanicsburg.O.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

5 AN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

PRATT’S

i i

SCALECIDE PETROLEUM

Guaranteed to kill the SAN JOSE SCALE with¬
out injury to the tree or fruit bud, in Fall, Winter and
Spring application. Onegal. "Sealecide” to 20 gallons
water. No heating or boiling. Mixes instantly
in any proportion with cold water, and stays mixed,
Can be used with a great saving in cost, where
petroleum or kerosene emulsion is advised.

Prices— in bills. 50c. per gallon ; 10 gallon cans, $0,00;
5 gal. cans, $3.25; 1 gal. cans. $1.00, f. o. b. N. Y.

B. G. PRATT CO., II Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

Itls Worthwhile

Buy a machine th at does the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush ,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oliage is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They throw finest
spray , arc easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form¬
ulas, etc. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE I* I MP CO.,

No. 2 11th St. , Ktmirn, W. Y.

TREES

ROSES

HARDY

PLANTS

All the Best and Hardiest
varieties. Largest Collec-
tionsinAme ica. 144 page
illustrated catalog FREE.
ELLW ANGER & BARRY,
Mount Hope Nurseries,
Drawer F, Rochester, N.Y,

RUBY RED RASPBERRY.

This grand berry lias again proven itself to he the
best for profit. A fine stock ot plants for Fall setting
for sale. Price list and circular upon application.

C. G. V ELI E & SON,

Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N. Y.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-$5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kails. Box 73.

WARD BLACKBERRIES

The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown

WELCH RASPBERRY

The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also
a full line of general nursery stock. Catalogue free,
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

if

ERCJMM9 TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 years!in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMJWS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Boses, California
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your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

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NEW CANAAN, CONN.

KFRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
. accurately describes 216 varieties of
. fruit. Sendforourliberaltermsofdistri-
rbutioi't to planters. —Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

BERRY PLANTS

Raspberry,

blackberry, &c. I wish to correspond with prospect¬
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Address L. J. FARMER, Box "R”, Pulaski, N. Y.

KILL-O-SGALE

Sure remedy for SAN JOSE SCALE
Ready for use by simply mixing with
water. Information and prices mailed on

application. HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

TREES

PFR inn FRFIGHT PAID APl)le' p?;u' Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
4^ J rtn Ivv^ rntiun I rMIU Poplars, healthy, true tonarue and fumigated.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

ROGERS OHXT THE HILL,

TBo Apple Breeder, Dans^zille, JNT. "ST.

PEACH TREES

Grand lot, grow non tho bank of Laao Erie, two miles
from any peach orchards, free from borers and al 1
other diseases. Large stock of Pear, Plum, Cherry,

Apple, etc. Immense supply of small fruits, headquarters for

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds,

40 acres hardy roses, none better grown, 44 Greenhouses of Palms, Ferns.
Rosi-s, Geraniums, Cannas, etc. Mail size postpaid. Direct deal will insure you
the best and save you money. Try it. Valuable catalogue free. Fifty-two years.
1200 Acres.

THE STORRS ft HARRISON 00, , Box 16, Palnesville, 0.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Contamination of Water.

I could not get along without The R.
N.-Y.; I had it so many years that I cannot
remember when I commenced to take it. and
I have got you a few subscribers first and
last. Now I have a question to ask you.
Has a man the right to foul my water

oughly soaked by floating the boxes in a

pan or tub of water. The boxes should

then be covered with a pane of glass and

kept in a rather shaded place, where they

can have an even temperature of about

60 degrees. When the tiny seedlings have

made a leaf or two they may be carefully

, pricked out and planted one or two inches
suddIy for mv mllcli cows and horses by , £ • *i a « +U,*,.

ruling his tail from his house and water apart m boxes of similar soil. As they

closet into it? I get my water supply for grow in size they should be potted up in
my stock from a creek that never dries up, three or four-inch pots and allowed to

but most of the time all the water could go complete their growth in some partially

through a four inch pipe; a good part of the T1l„,

way through my pasture the creek is about
18 Inches wide. It comes from the woods
into my lot and runs 2S rods (on my land)
near a line fence; then leaves my lot and
runs 14 rods near the line fence into the
lot of the man who has turned his drain
Into it (by making his drain 20 rods long) ;
then it runs again 28 rods in my lot near

shaded place. They need considerable
moisture, but one should avoid wetting
the leaves more than is necessary after
they have grown some size. The plants
seldom bloom the first year from seed,
but form tubers that may be kept over in
boxes of sawdust or dry sand in a warm,
the said line into other parties’ lots, where ^ p]ace through the Winter, and potted
more houses are erected and where it takes ^ rjch soil when growth startS

the drains from many houses in the ullage. f . . . .

but below me the creek is not used as a in early Spring. Choice varieties are m-
water supply for anything. This property creased by leaf cuttings, which should be
is all situated in village limits. Below me taj<en ;n midsummer and rooted in moist

there are no (or nearly none) ^ vacant lots . a warm, shady place. The leaves

and creek is common dumping ground 101 an > t • . .

private drains, but the creek is a water may be cut in small pieces, retaining a
supply for no one's stock in that section, portion of the stem or midrib and firmly
It Is different for me; my land has been ;nserte(j ;n tjie sand. Watering should
used for pasture for 50 years or more, and
my stock have obtained water at most con¬
venient place for them. °- B-

New York.

Your neighbor has no right to pollute
the stream flowing through your land.

While the upper owner may use the
stream in every reasonable way, he can¬
not make such a use of it as to damage
the owner belo.w him. If the drain in
question does in fact pollute the water to

be carefully attended to, and the cuttings
never allowed to dry out. They will
strike roots in time and eventually form
small tubers that may be carried over
Winter like those grown from seed.
Plants or tubers grown from cuttings re¬
tain the characteristics of the parent, and
are exact duplicates of the same, while
those grown from seed may vary indefi¬
nitely. There is little use in attempting to
such an extent as to render it unfit for r00t cuttings from, leaves late in the Fall,
use by stock, there is no question but as ^jie plants have made their growth for

When you write advertisers mention The
r. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

what the courts would restrain the upper
owner from continuing to drain his refuse
into the stream. In the same action G. B.
would be entitled to recover whatever
damages he can show he has suffered for
the past pollution of the stream.

Trees Encroaching Over Line.

What is the law in villages as to fruit
trees hanging over line fences and damaging
the neighbor's crops or causing the death
of his trees? I refer to large apple trees
encroaching in this way on village gardens.

New York. A- s-

The owner of property over which trees
whose trunks are planted in adjoining
property hang, has a right to remove the
overhanging portions, provided that the
owner of the adjoining property does not
do so, upon request.

Trespass by Telephone Company.

Has a telephone company the right to nail
a wire without permission on an apple tree
in an orchard to support a pole? A company
has been putting up new poles along the road
in front of me and they have a wire on a
young apple tree inside my fence by placing
a board between two limbs and driving a
12-penny nail into each limb. The tree has
been planted about 10 years. Am I justified
in removing it? j. h. d.

New York.

You would be justified if you removed
the wire complained of. The telephone
company is a trespasser, and can be pro¬
ceeded against just as any other tres¬
passer.

Trespass in Fence Building.

If in building a new fence the old material
is left on property of an adjoining owner,
Is the adjoining owner required to remove
the stone, etc., or is the one who owns and
rebuilds the fence required to do so?

Connecticut. H. f. n.

He who places the old material upon
the land of an adjoining owner without
his consent is guilty of a trespass, and is
liable for the damages caused by such
trespass. _ _

Tuberous- Rooted Begonias.

H. 8. R., Cape Elizabeth, Me. — How can
I propagate the tuberous-rooted Begonias?

Ans. — The tuberous-rooted Begonias
are best propagated by seed, which should
be very carefully sown in the window
garden or greenhouse in February or
early March in small boxes of very light,
rich soil. Ordinary cigar boxes are very
good for the purpose. The seed is very
fine and needs no covering. It should be
carefully sprinkled over the soil, which
should first be pressed level and thor-

the season and cannot be induced to live
longer. The cuttings should not, there¬
fore, be made later than midsummer. The
propagation of Begonias by leaf cuttings
is rather uncertain, and seldom succeeds
except under the care of experts, while
seedlings can be grown by anyone willing
to give the necessary care and attention.

DITCHING THAT SAVES THE BACK.

We think you will find the following
a good practical back-saving method for
digging ditches. Take two planks 2 x 10
inches, eight feet long, and make a three-
cornered scraper; it will resemble the
letter A. Bore a hole in each side about
six inches from the front end to run a
chain through. Plow one furrow and
throw it out with the scraper, on the
same side the furrow is on. Repeat this
twice and the ditch will be about 18
inches deep. To finish take a ditching
plow with an evener about eight feet
long to allow the horses to walk outside
the dirt thrown out. The plow' will take
the place of picking by hand. After the
tile are laid fill in enough to hold them
in place and finish with plow and scraper.
A man should ride on the scraper to hold
it down. e. H. p.

Shortsville, N. Y.

Invalids Can
Earn Money

You can stay in your sick¬
room and earn money — $5
to $ 1000 , perhaps more.

The work is easy and
pleasant, and there is no
chance of not making
money. We have done all
the preliminaries. The end
and the reward are yours.

There is more in it for
well people; but enough in
it for sick people to make
it worth doing.

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

Publishers of

The Ladies’ Home Journal
The Saturday Evening Post.

88l

XMAS GIFTS.

We have just issued a special jewelry catalog which
will be sent free on request. We send your money
back if you are not satisfied with your purchase. All
are the best the money can buy. Write for particulars.

This handsome Gold Filled Chain, guaran- 0 I Q#l
teed for 10 yoars.Wiu-.il shown, 12 in. long. V I ■ OU

Fine Shell Comb, rose and
floral top with 2 pearls. “
Worth 75c. at least .

Pair of Roman
Gold filled war¬
ranted Cuff 6 1
Buttons . .01

60c.

Best gold

filled; polished or Roman
finish as desired.

Rose Gold heavy
plate hat pin hand-
soinely engraved.
Set with largo
Amethyst on top
only 40c. A remark¬
able bargain and a
beautiful gift.

vMfpi#<'60c-

i i

White, Van Glahn&Co.

Gold filled seamless ring
set wijh 3 brilliants.

15 Chatham Sq.,
j New York City.

Money Refunded

If the following Poultry Remedies fail to be exactly
as represented:

ROUP CURE -Harding’s Successful Roup Cure is
placed In drinking water and compels the fowl to
take its own medicine. There is no getting away
from it. 50c. box will make 35 gal of medicine
$1.00 box will make 100 gal. of medicine. Sure Cure
Post paid at above price.

CHOLERA CURE— Harding's Positive Cure has
never failed yet. Also cures Diphtheria, Diarrhoea,
Gapes, etc. 25c. per box. By mail, 40c.

EGG PRODUCER— Harding’s Egg Producer makes
Eggs in winter when they are high. One box equals
100 pounds fresh cut bone. 25c. per box. Express
charges to be added .

LICE KILLEIt-There are all kinds of Lice Killers
but Harding's Antiseptic Lice Killer leads them all.
It kills the lice. Not simply drives them away to
return again. 25c. per box. By mail, 40c. 50c. and
$1.00 sizes by express. Charges to be paid.

8CALY LEG CURE— Keep your birds in pink of
condition by using Harding’s Scaly Leg Cure. No
poultryman or exhibitor can afford to be without it.
25c. per box. 35c. by mail.

Write for free catalogue“HowTO Make Poultry
PAY.” GKO, L, HARDING, Manufacturer of
Uncle Sam Poultry Foods and Remedies, Box
409, Binghamton, N. V , U. S. A.

rpiIE FOUNTAIN FEN FOR i CHRISTMAS I

14 Karat

- Standard Self-filling aud Self-cleamng.
iold Prices, $2.00, $2.50, $3.00 by registered mail. Agent,
loom 1, 255 104th Street, New York, - Y .

27

An Appreciation. — I have been a reader
of The R. N.-Y. for a good many years.
While I am not engaged in farming at pres¬
ent, I take a great interest In it. I raise
flowers for the love of It, it is my “hobby.”
There is seldom an issue of your paper that
does not contain some information of suffici¬
ent interest to me to be worth the price of
subscription. w. h. m.

Ogden, Utah.

Killing Canada Thistles. — On page 665
G. D. B. desires to know how to get rid of
Canada thistles and says he has dug them all
out twice. If he dug them all out once they
certainly could trouble him no more. I do
not believe they can be squelched by digging.
I will give a little of my own experience with
the pest. Nearly 30 years ago 1 had in a
field of oats a patch of about one-quarter
acre. They were big fellows ; high as the
oats, and ripened with them. In those days
we harvested with the self-rake reaper, bind¬
ing by hand, but these were drawn In loose
and made a good load. A few days later the
ground was plowed for wheat and was quite
dry. The next year, when we harvested the
wheat, there was scarcely a thistle to be
seen, and none to trouble us since. I have
also cut them close to the ground in pastures
and other places just before going to seed
with good results. The stalks are then hol¬
low and I think the action of tffic weather
In some manner kills the roots. I do not
think we can he entirely rid of them, else how
dkl we first get them? If I could cope with
ragweed. Quack grass, wild carrot, Broad-leaf
plantain and this new pest that has spread
so rapidly the last three or four years, the
Sow thistle or wild lettuce, ns easily as I
can with the Canada thistle, T could keep my
farm reasonably clear of foul stuff. Mowing
the wheat stubble In the Fall Is good prac¬
tice. w. J. B.

Orleans Co., N. Y.

BLIZZARD AND HORSE ICE CALKS.

Sharpen your own horse. No waiting at the smith’s
Liberal prices to Agents. S.W.KENT.Cazenovia.N.Y’.

GET HONEY-1 DID-GOT S30!

w _ _ i„ a weeks doing plating. writes M. L. Smith

of Pa. (uaeil small mulit), Start us (Smith did —
"■*'1*1 that's easy— hundreds already started— new ones
daily— money coming in— goods going oul. People
everywhere have tableware, watches, jewelry,
etc., for the “Gray Plating Man.”
i practical outfits, all sizes, heavy plate,
[(guaranteed, pure gold, silver, nickle
LJ metal plating, equal to new goods, lat-
est process, taught free quickly, ex-
l perlence unnecessary, all easy,
• e1 secrets exposed. Own nnd Boss a

business at home or truvellg all or part time that pnys
$15 to $50 weekly— you can. Write today for new offer,
•ample, aud hundreds letters from successful agents— free lo all.

Gray A Co., Plating Works, 08 Miami Bldg, Cinctuuati.O

- advance

Gasoline Engines

We make a spe-
; cialty of Gasoline
Engines for farm¬
ers. If you want to
learn about the
best farm gasoline
engine on tne mar¬
ket write to Geo.
D. Folil 51 fg. Co.,
Vernon, N. x.

These two men must work hard and laboriously for twelve days
to accomplish as much without the Stoddard Combination as they
could easily accomplish with it in one’ day.

If you were to hire twelve men for one day it would cost you $18.
The Stoddard Gasoline Engine will do as much work as the twelve men
and do it at a cost of only $4.

Every day you run a Stoddard Gasoline Engine it means $12 to $15
saved in the cost of labor.

The Stoddard Engine is as good for threshing, cutting ensilage, or
any other work requiring power, as it is for sawing wood. It is always
ready to start, in cold weather or warm, is thoroughly reliable, abso¬
lutely safe and uses a minimum of gasoline.

We’ll send you our handsome catalog free if you write for it and
mention this paper. STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

882

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 9,

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Baby Rambler Rose. — Without
doubt the most popular new rose, as meas¬
ured by present nursery sales, is the
“Baby” or ever-blooming Rambler, named
Mme. Norbert Levavasseur by its French
originator, and introduced over here two
years ago by Vaughan’s Seed Store, Chi¬
cago and New York. It is freely pur¬
chased by both amateurs and professionals.
One large rose-growing establishment re¬
ports that 25 per cent of their entire Fall
trade is made up of orders for Baby
Rambler plants in the various sizes. The
variety undoubtedly has a wide range of
usefulness, as it gives the popular Crimson
Rambler effect in miniature, and is
an almost constant bloomer, branching
out and developing new trusses of bloom
throughout the entire growing season.
It was produced by intercrossing Crimson
Rambler and Gloire des Polyantha, a very
free-blooming Polyantha or miniature
rose. Baby Rambler combines the foliage
and crimson coloring pf the Rambler par¬
ent with the constant blooming quality
and dwarf growth of the Polyantha.
Plants grow about 20* inches high under
stimulating culture, branching very freely,
bearing clusters of flowers on every
shoot, and beginning to bloom when of
the smallest size. It is desirable both as
a pot plant and for bedding. Fig. 399,
page 879, from a photograph sent by a
Chicago grower, gives a good idea of the
bedding effect of well-grown plants,
though details of the very abundant bloom
are lost on account of the great reduction
in size. As a pot plant the effect is par¬
ticularly fine when bloomed in midwinter
after a good Fall rest. Thousands will
be used for this purpose, and are likely to
give good satisfaction, as they will con¬
tinue to produce handsome flowers as long
as their requirements are met, instead of
fading into unattractive briery plants like
Crimson Rambler, grown under the same
conditions. As with most deep-colored
roses the blooms may burn out or open
off-color during the hot days of July and
August, but are restored to their original
attractiveness in September. Baby Ram¬
bler is claimed to be very hardy, needing
only sufficient covering in Winter to pre¬
vent heaving, and to protect the crowns
from excessive frost. Ever-blooming roses
need close pruning in Spring, especially of
late and straggling growths, so that mod¬
erate frosting of the tops is more likely to
be helpful than otherwise, provided the
roots receive no injury. Plants of this
variety have heretofore been quite expen¬
sive, costing from 40 cents to $2 each,
according to size, but are now being so
freely propagated that they will be offered
at moderate prices in the forthcoming
Spring catalogues. Certain nurserymen
are going wild over this free-blooming
Rambler, claiming it the only rose worth
growing. Distinct and desirable as are its
features, it requires no great foresight to
predict that it will not displace any of the
established favorites in other classes. It (
is not certain that “Baby,” or Mme. Nor¬
bert Levavasseur, quite fills the need of
an ideal, continuous-blooming dwarf rose,
as it lacks fragrance, and the color, though
good in mass, is a less pleasing shade than
either Philadelphia or the parent Crimson
Rambler on close inspection, while the in¬
dividual flowers are less double and rather
lacking in substance. It requires rich soil
and careful attention to keep the bloom
trusses up to the mark in size and coloring
throughout the season. A writer in one
of the new hysterical garden magazines
asserts Baby Rambler is “the only rose yet
introduced that can honestly be called an
ever-blooming rose,” and in a succeeding
paragraph “the only rose that can honestly
be called a pot rose.” It is not good pol¬
icy to publish such nonsense, as every
grower knows that many Tea-scented,
Bourbon and Polyantha roses bloom more
continuously under ordinary treatment,
and make most excellent pot plants,
though they are not hardy enough to give
enduring satisfaction in the garden. We
grew Baby Rambler with much pleasure
this season, and regard it as a great ac¬
quisition. Every rose-lover should try it.

Appreciated Celery. — Home-grown cel¬
ery is in better demand and more highly
appreciated than for several years.
Though the season, owing to continuous
shortage of rainfall since early September,
has not been particularly favorable, the
supply is fair and the quality excellent.
Consumers have grown tired of the coarse-
ribbed, stringy kinds manufactured by the
trainload in the swamps of Michigan and
California, and are turning to the more
palatable home product as far as it can
be had. Prices obtained by growers aver¬
age about $1 per 12 bunches, consisting
each of three or four well-grown plants.
There is no great profit in the crop at this
figure, considering the high cost of land,

fertilizers and labor, but it comes in well
as a second crop after lettuce, radishes,
onions and other bunch vegetables. Blight
is largely avoided by sowing only the
most vigorous seeds, rotating the crop and
thus avoiding successive plantings on the
same soil. It is thought that by cropping
celery not oftener than once in three years
on the same soil the worst effects of blight
may be avoided, though the disease is
usually in evidence during hot, muggy
weather.

Strong Plants Best. — Growers have
generally learned that big, stocky plants,
grown thinly in the row or seed bed,
are far preferable to spindling, crowded
ones, even if the latter have been trans¬
planted long enough to make a fibrous
root system. As one very successful local
grower remarks, “Celery is made in the
plant.” 1 his is only one way of saying
that no subsequent culture can make up
for lack of vigor in celery plants at time
of setting. He aims to grow his plants
with thick carrot-like rootstocks, and
avoids any doubling of the tap root when
setting, but is particular to have the earth
firmly pressed the whole length, or rather
depth, of the root system when the plant
is finally in place. He sows his seeds
early in a large rich but unprotected seed
bed. and thins so that every plant stands
half an inch from its neighbor. Of course
he manures well and cultivates freely, so
that his celery fields are as even and lux¬
uriant as Alfalfa in full growth. His soil
is sandy upland. We think all will agree
that celery of better table quality can be
grown on rich upland than in swamps, no
matter how well drained and cultivated.

The Best Varieties. — For such an im¬
portant vegetable the usual list of celery
varieties is not extensive, though a num¬
ber of fancy kinds, only useful for home
gardens, are catalogued. For market pur¬
poses Golden Self-blanching, in some of
its many strains, is almost universally
grown for early use, and Pascal or Winter
Queen for succession. As practically all
celery grown near New York is marketed
by the New Year very late keeping kinds
are not needed. Those who know a spe¬
cially good thing grow Fin de Siecle, in¬
troduced by J. M. Thorburn & Co., New
York, a few years ago. It is a green¬
leaved variety with no tendency for
blanching in the field, but we think the
claims of being the “largest, hardiest,
solidest. crispest and best keeping Winter
celery” fully borne out in our trials. We
have not tried it as a shipper, but have
no doubt it will lead in this useful quality.
For table use we have found nothing more
delicately flavored and agreeable since the
days of the excellent but unproductive
Boston Market, from which Fin de Siecle
may be a highly improved descendant.
For cellar bleaching, after being grown
level, with no earthing up, it is without a
peer. We know this variety is grown by
discriminating market gardeners to some
extent, but we have not ascertained how
much is planted in this locality. Western
celery is always with us, but is now meet¬
ing more competition than for many years.
While not very good eating, it is at least
bulky, and fills a need in large culinary
operations. During late Winter and
Spring it has the market all to itself.

w. v. F.

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower
sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3,000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed, does
not draw temper or'
heat tools. Every '
home needsit. Writo
for price and circu¬
lar. A few good
agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC. CO., 220 C. Walnut St., Lancaster, Pa.

Write

to-day

Motsinger Auto-Sparker

starts and run*

Gas Engines without Batteries.

Noother machine can do it successfully
tor lack of original patents owned b>’
' us. No twist motion in our drive
No licit or switch necessary. No
^ batteries whatever, for make ami
'/ break or jump-spark. Water and
pfe dust-proof. Fully guaranteed.

MOTSINGER DKVICE M’F’G. CO
68 Main Street, Pendleton, In L, U. S.A.

THE w

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for Catalogue
No. 62.

AIL to MOUNT BIRDS.

Quickly learned by Men, Women, Boys. 4 Very
fascinating. BIG PROFITS foryour spare time.
Investigate this to-day. Full particulars, fine
catalogue and Taxidermy Magazine all FREE.
N.W. School of Taxidermy ]19N St., Omaha, Neb.

Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth

Does more work, satvs more wood
and makes more money than any
other outfit at twice its cost
Send for Catalogue EH

Stoddard Mfg. Co. , Rutlano, Vt.

Cheapest Power on Earth.

Less parts and ’ess wear tlinn any other engine
made. Any one can run a Smith Casoline Engine
—They are furnished
complete ineluding water
and gasoline tanks, lotteries
-and are ready to run when un-
»crated. Every engine Ic guaran¬
teed absolutely perfect. Has
urnew solid cylinder head. “No
gaskets to blow out.”- Snap spark
igniter. Perfect governor Sc.
generator. Forgedsteelcrank
shaft, phosphor bronze
bushings. Simplest engine
ever produced. Fewer
Parts, Highest Efficiency,
Createst Economy, Lowest
Price. Easiest engine on
earth to start. CUT THIS
AD OUT, send it to us, we
will mail you catalog free

_ gives more information on

gasoline engines than was ever printed before.
SMITH MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

E IBS Harrison Street, Chicago, III,

WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES

Lightest in -weight. Fewest
working parts. Simplest in
construction. Anyone can
set it up and learn to run it
in 15 minutes. About one-
half price of other engines
of equal power. You can
try it free. Write to-day.
It. M. CORNWELL CO.,
444 So. Salina Street.
Syracuse, New York,

.r ICE PLOWSl

eJ|E8S£& andICETOOLS.

% Write for Discounts.
_ TT. Prav, North Clove.N.Y.I

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May bo run by any ignorant boy or woman.

8o well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still In active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 1 Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO,,

S5 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin 8t., Bnaton

40 Dearborn St., CIiIchko. 234 Craig St., West, Montreal, P.Q,

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuiente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba.

* ABENAQUE"

nSL

Write for Free Cat. O.

COMBINATION CIRCULAR AND DRAG
SAW OUTFIT WITH 5 H. P. ENGINE.

Everything "
on one set
of trucks.
Simple,
Strong,

Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE
ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

lO Lights
lO Hours
lO Cents

Make Your Own Light

The Fairranks-Morse Electric Light Outfit gives
plenty of good light at a moderate cost.

Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes,
from 2 li. p. up.

Cutout complete advertisement and send to

Fairbanks, Morse 6v Co.,

Morvrco St., Ch.ice.go, Ill.

Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. C 598 1
Gasoline Engines.

I may want . h. p. to run _

_ Street No .

State _

I.H.C.

Increase Your
Profits,

Lighten Your
Work.

Gasoline

Engines

"Y"OU need one

of these handy

helpers.

Because with its aid you can do
more and better work at less ex¬
pense of time and energy.

And you will soon find that the
“I. H. C.” Gasoline Engine pay*
for itself in the actual saving in
money and increased profits it
brings you.

Steam power is dangerous and
expensive. Wind power is treach¬
erous and unreliable.

Horizontal — Stationary or Portable, 6.8,
10, 12, 15 H. Power. Vertical style, 2, 3. 5,
H. Power.

Gasoline, as applied to the “I.
H. C.” Engine, is proved best for
all practical purposes.

Feed Cutting, Wood Sawing,
Husking and Shredding or Shelling
Corn, Grinding Feed, Pumping,
Churning, Separating, etc.

Be wise! Save yourself, your
help and your horses by investing
in an “I. H. C." Engine.

Call

on the International Agent and let Kim show you, or write to us for complete
catalog, showing how “1. H. C." Gasoline Engines will save you money.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER

CO. OF AMERICA,

(INCORPORATED.)

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one-cylinder engines ; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Less to Run.
t. unary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. THE TEMPLE PD

Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cosl— portable

IMP OO., Mira., Meagher <L 15th Nt»., Chicago. THIS IS OUR FIFTY-SECOND YE,

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE
“THE MASTER WORKMAN.”

a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

sta-
YEAR.

1605.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

883

means 50 cents a ton. By the time these
Canadian ashes get here we must pay nearly
$10 for them!

As Others See Us. — On page 81 1 I men-

Hope Farm Notes

Fbobi^ms.-— Money made or tlo^TcSl^i

saved (the same thing) m these uajs note jias caue(j 0ut some of the most

utilizing wastes. In New York City news- amusing letters I have ever had. No subject
papers and sticks are picked out of the gar- seems to he more popular, and at the same
FaiJei , .... . time no object more unpopular, lbe Ohio

Page and used as fuel in running an elect! n. man pjmself comes hack and says that I try

plant. The saving to the city amounts to (0 make a hero out of him. Well, it looks
$34 a day from this one source alone. On
every farm there are wastes which might be
saved. We have had a good many at Hope
Farm, which I hope to cut out this Winter.

We try to have every field covered with
some living crop through the Winter. Rye.
if nothing else can be seeded, will save us
quite a little nitrogen. As I have tried to
explain before, the soil contains considerable
soluble nitrogen during the Fall months.

This is because the organic matter in the
soil is decomposed quite freely during the
warm weather of late Summer and early
Fall. If there are no living crops to use thi
nitrogen much of it will be leached away
and lost.

In former years we have lost much nitro¬
gen in our liquid manure. As the liquids carry
the the only part of the manure that is
thoroughly digested of course they contain
(he most soluble nitrogen. I regret to say
that at one time holes were bored in the
stable to let liquids run away. No more of
that ! Those holes are plugged up and we
use- sawdust freely back of the cows. If
we had no sawdust I would have horse ma¬
nure put there in order to absorb these
liquids. We have also lost some value In
past years by having the manure piles un¬
covered. We ought to have a cement floor
under the manure pile, but haven't got to
It yet. With old boards and trash we con¬
structed a rough shelter over the pile, and
thus keep the rain from leaching through it.

The hogs work it over and keep it fine and
open. Where sawdust is used for bedding the
manure seems more likely to “firefang" than
when well mixed with straw. ' Some water
should he added, and we pour the slops from
the house over the pile. In Summer these
slops are poured in a small peach orchard
near the house. In Winter I would utilize
such slops either in the manure pile or by
mixing with sawdust or coal ashes. It will
be seen that we do not plan to haul the ma¬
nure every day or week. For such crops
as we shall grow next year— onions, berne
and garden stuff — it is better to have the
manure thoroughly rotted and fine. This fer¬
menting in the pile improves the manure
about as steaming or even the use of acid
improves grodnd bone. Fine manure is much
better than coarse for spreading, because you
can harrow it in so as to have the soil thor¬
oughly filled. Again, where we use sawdust

as if he had some of the stuff used in man¬
ufacturing heroes — though the making of
such must often be done away from home.
For example this man says :

“My daughter is home, and always finds
time enough to read Hope Farm Notes. In
reading about this good man you talk about,
she thought he was awful nice, but when
she found it was her father why she did not
think that was such a great thing. Ft you
see because they are used to it they will take
it as a matter of course — as it really is !"

Now there is true human nature in that.
My own daughter Is young yet. and possibly
she might see some chances for becoming a
hero in Father, but her mother could tell
other stories. If I found a man whose
wife openly called him a hero I think I
should be afraid of one or both of them.
Those people who are always right are un¬
comfortable to their associates, to say the
least. Shakespeare says : “How use doth
breed a habit in a man !” I will say again
that the housekeeping habit is a great thing
for a man to acquire, though the women
folks will certainly take it as “a matter of
course” and give plenty of chance for kitchen
jobs.

Farm and Home. — At one time I reported
only one young hen turkey. As the flock
developes we find four hens which, with the
old one, will give us a good start next Spring.
The largest gobbler had less to lie thankful
for than we did on Thanksgiving Day and
we have sold another. These white birds are
great favorites. I never had any poultry
that pleased me more. I want to know how
long a turkey will remain profitable, and
many other things about them. Most of the
answers must he dug out h.v experience. .Tack
found this so with the hens. In spite of
books and good advice he had to lose many
chicks in order to learn how to find more.

After much discussion and figuring
we decided to heat the new house with hot
water. This costs more than other Systems,
hut I like the way it operates. The chief
advantage over steam seems to be the fact
that with a low fire you can make the house
comfortable on a day that is “chilly" without
being really cold. With steam you must have
a good fire In order to drive the steam over
the house. We hope to make our little place
comfortable, though we all regret leaving the
old stone house. . . . The weather con¬

tinues fine with us, and the Fall work is
pretty well finished. As I write some of the
strawberries are still without their Winter
overcoat, hut we will dress them up in time.
The spraying is not quite finished, hut other¬
wise the trees are ready for Winter. .

When Seymour started out to sell apples
there were some tricks of the trade to he
learned. First he went around to the hack
door, asking if apples were wanted. There
was not much trade In this. Then he noticed
that others took samples of the fruit along.
So lie began to carry a basket with him. and
trade picked up at once. It makes much
difference with people when the goods are
spread out before them, and when you are
selling seconds it pays to pour the apples

it is better to rot the manure perfectly, since J,? just * what Ihe11?* huy^T’' iTyon^donMt
this overcomes the acid In the sawdust. On yo„ ' wjji carry, in her eyes, lots of small
a large farm where there are many head of fruit and rot specks or worm holes right on

your face. Ought not to sell such fruit?
When people are anxious to pay 25 cents or
more per basket for it what are you going
to do? Rut be sure you class if properly !

stock It would be better to haul the manure
out frequently. With us the object is to get
this manure as fine and soluble as possible.
Hen manure is useful on a garden farm.
Being about four times as rich as ordinary
stable manure it is “great stuff" for onions
or quick-growing crops. We have dropping
boards under the perches, and use sawdust
and road dust freely. Our plan is to scrape
off the droppings twice a week and spread
them out thin under a shed. When one thin
layer is made we shall scatter muriate of
potash over the manure, and so on through
the Winter. In the Spring it will he well
dried and fined, and scattered over the field
where we are to grow onions and straw¬
berries. The old plan of using plaster under
the roosts does not suit me. It leaves the
manure in chunks, and experiments show
that this plan — famous in old days — Is not
the best. The weakness of our plan is that
we do not add any phosphoric acid to the
manure, and this element is badly needed.
Some hen men overcome this by using finely
ground phosphate rock under the perches.

I expect to use acid phosphate when I put
the manure on the opion field. Strange how
the new drives out the old. For years I ad¬
vised plaster under the roosts, largely be¬
cause the scientific men said it was the right
thing. They have dug a little deeper into
science, and found that plaster is not best
and experience seems to support their science.

We use considerable wood for fuel, and the
wood ashes are carefully saved and scattered
over the field where onions are to be grown
next year. The furrows were left rough on
this field. It is sour, having been water¬
logged for a number of years. We put all
the lime we had on if. and now the wood
ashes will follow. They contain ope-third
their weight of lime, and I believe that Fall
and Winter is the best time to use that — •
except when the ground is covered with snow,
or when water runs over it. Coal ashes are
sifted and the half-burned coal taken out
for use in the heater. The clinkers are
first-rate for piling around the young trees.
The fine coal ashes can be mixed with those
from wood fires for spreading on some land,
or put in shallow boxes or barrels to absorb
slops. Of course we have a standing rule
that no vines or weeds shall he burned. This
is a mulch farm, and all such things are
needed around trees, or to cover strawberries.
The Lima bean vines this year were cut from
the poles, spread over the strawberries and
anchored down with manure. When old
Mai'or died the bide was taken off and the
carcass cut up. While the weather holds
pieces of the meat can he hung on a string
in the henhouse, so that the hens can jump
up and peck at it. The larger bones are
buried beside apple trees. It is possible to
soften or “reduce” such hones by packing
them in layers of moist wood ashes, but it is
a slow job— not very satisfactory. We shall
do all we can to save every ounce of fertility.
There will be need next year of all we can
get bold of. We have a chance to buy a
small quantity of wood asbes at 10 cents a
bushel This Is a fair bargain for our coun¬
try Seymour savs that in Canada they are
sometimes sold at one cent a bushel, which

At one corner a group of hoys ran out with
the old refrain :

“Mister, give me an apple!”

Being a good-natured man Seymour gave
them some fruit and went after trade. \\ hen
he came hack at least 50 boys were helping
themselves to apples. Talk about the spread
of bacteria — here you have an illustration
of it ... The children are hard at
work in their school. Aunt Emma is teaching
them while Mother gets her sewing done
and puts the new house In order. T am glad
that these little folks are packing knowledge
away in an orderly way and so it will stick.

h. w. c.

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384

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 0,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Dr. Walter van Flket, | . , .

Mrs. k. t. Boyle, ^Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, S2.04,
equal to 8s. Gd., or 8% marks, or 10 Yj francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, ami any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned bv the courts
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY. DECEMBER 7, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

THE PRIZE PHOTOGRAPHS.

We never realized until we came to study the prize
photographs the difficulty in deciding why one picture is
better than another. After a careful study the judges
awarded the prizes as follows:

C. A. Bacon, Massachusetts.

Grace Mounts, Ohio*

R. G. Ackley, Vermont.

Many of the. pictures show considerable skill in
grouping, and well convey the desired feeling. We
expect to print some of them. Others, while well
grouped, were so dim that they could not possibly be
engraved. One striking thing observed about this con¬
test was the great respect shown for elderly people, and
the large number of family groups. The contest called
out some of the best pictures wre have ever received,
and we wish to thank all who took part in it.

*

It is evident that Hon. Thomas C. Platt is not going
to lie awake nights planning ways of getting a parcels
post bill through Congress. Some of our readers re¬
gret that they cannot get at Senator Platt directly. But
they can get at the Legislature if they live in New
York. I he Legislature is the Senator-factory, and the
people supply the raw material for the Legislature.
Why not have the Legislature “instruct” Senators Platt
and Depew to favor a parcels post bill? Such a reso¬
lution would receive a heavy vote if farmers put some
postage stamps on their representatives. The way to
do it is to begin right now !

*

We agree with The Farmer’s Guide in the following:

TaR parcels post be established, and merchants would take
advantage of it to send to the farmers small packages which
they might telephone or write for. It would prove such a
convenience that they would feel ashamed for having de¬
prived themselves and their farmer friends from the use
and benefits of it.

Some of the country merchants would find a genuine
parcels post very useful. They could order many
classes of the goods they sell in thfs way, get them
quickly and cheaper than they now do. The present
outcry against the parcels post in rural papers is inspired
by the express companies and other interests which
have always fattened upon the farmer.

*

Among the many questions asked about the great
crops of grass grown by Geo. M. Clark are those about
fertilizer. When five tons of hay are taken from one
acre the crop carries with it nearly 100 pounds of nitro¬
gen, 25 of phosphoric acid and 130 pounds of potash.
While Mr. Clark’s soil is naturally good, this enormous
drain must be made up in some way. Thus a mixture
of equal parts of nitrate of soda, ground bone and mu¬
riate of potash is used freely. It is easy to understand
why so much nitrogen is used, because we all know
that Timothy demands nitrogen in order to make a
rapid growth. But why so much potash? Mr. Clark’s
answer is that the potash makes the plant “stand up
strong,” and is particularly necessary in heavy grass
where large dressings of nitrogen are used to make the
grass grow rapidly. Without large quantities of pot¬

ash he says his grass will lodge badly and rot. This
action of potash in stiffening the stems of grass or
grain has often been noticed. In some cases salt gives
something of the same results. The action is quite dif¬
ferent. The salt appears to hold back the action of
the nitrogen so as not to give a soft, weak stem, while
the potash works with the nitrogen and strengthens the
rapid growing stem.

*

Mr. Manchester’s article and pictures make the
clearest story of the way to find a good dairy cow that
we have seen. It will be followed by equally good ad¬
vices about raising the dairy calf. The shape of the
good cow is easy to distinguish, but we cannot always
tell what the calf will make. The most striking picture
of the lot is the one of the narrow cow and her son —
showing how a defect can be handed down. There was
an old breeding rule which stated that the progeny
would “look like father and act like mother,” and acting
upon it many poor, worthless mares and cows have
been used for breeding. That is responsible for a
good many misfits and failures in the harness and at
the pail. Use only the best of their type for breeders.

*

In a typical county of Virginia it was found that year
by year the colored farm hands were either drifting
away or becoming more shiftless. For a time, under
this system, farm values declined, because farm work
could not be profitable done under the old system with¬
out hand labor. Within the past few years this has
been changed, and farm values are increasing quite
rapidly. The negroes are still going away, and farm
labor is scarce, but farmers are using more improved
machinery. With this a farmer and his boys will be
nearly or quite independent of the old farm hands, since
the mules do most of the work. This use of better ma¬
chinery is gaining in the South, and is an excellent
change, because it doubles the power of the farmer and
his family to take care of the farm.

*

Prof. Phillips of Virginia on page 878 defends the
practice of fumigating nursery stock. All readers do
not understand that fumigation means exposing trees
to hydrocyanic acid gas in a tight box or room. The
object is to kill scale insects which may be on the trees.

V e think Prof. Phillips will find upon investigation that
the majority of fruit growers throughout the country pre¬
fer to take their chances with trees that have not been
fumigated. If there is any question about this we shall
be pleased to hear the facts from readers. Some of
the entomologists who favor fumigation believe “that
the digging of trees too early in the season is responsi¬
ble for practically all the injury that is charged to fumi¬
gation, and that “trees too green to fumigate are too
green to dig.” Just so, yet these green trees without
fumigation may mature into good ones. How is the
buyer to know when they were dug?

*

1 hat ruling of the Commissioner of Internal Rev¬
enue which classes certain patent medicines as alco¬
holic liquors will be a shock to some good people who
make a practice of dosing themselves with such prep¬
arations. One of our friends who took a nostrum of
this class freely explained her faith in it on the ground
that if tired and depressed a good dose of it revived
her at once. Her principles would not permit her to
drink alcoholic stimulants when labeled as such, but,
all unconsciously, she was forming a dependence upon
them, although her favorite “pick-me-up” masqueraded
as an innocent household remedy. It is very possible
that some mysterious cases of chronic alcoholism may
be due to habits thus formed. On the whole, we think-
anyone who desires wholesome “bitters” without a doc¬
tor’s prescription would better stick to old-fashioned
chamomile tea.

This is a good time to bring up the question of ex¬
hibiting grade cows at live stock shows. By a “grade”
cow we mean one with at least half pure blood— the
daughter of a pure-blood sire. Breeders of registered
stock somehow want to confine such exhibitions to reg¬
istered animals, yet, from a business point of view, this
seems to us a narrow policy. The grade cow is the
business animal. A farmer cannot afford to own a full
herd of pure-blood stock. In order to make a profit
at selling milk or butter he must have a herd which
represents only a modest outlay. A good grade cow,
with the hardy constitution of her dam and the im¬
proved qualities of her sire is the most sensible animal
he can find. 1 hus the grade daughters of a good bull
make the best advertising that could oossiblv be given
him. If a farmer could see such a bull exhibited with
two or three common cows and several calves or year¬
lings resulting from the cross, he would see. as he could
not be shown in any other way, the value of pure blood
in his herd. We cannot think of any stronger object
lesson, or one more likely to impress a practical dairy¬
man, and after all such dairymen are to provide the
market for surplus purebred stock. Breeders cannot
live on the sales made to other breeders. We know

that many of our readers are looking about for suitable
sires to place at for head of a herd, or flock. They
would be interested in the progeny of such an animal
as well as in his pedigree. When will breeders get
the idea?

*

During the past 10 years we have often referred to
Alfred Johnson of New Jersey. He had been galled
“ J jle One-Horse Jersey Farmer” and his history is a
striking one. He had been a jeweler in the city, and
when past 50 he left his trade and bought a little farm
of 18 acres. Hens and strawberries were his mainstays,
and by hard work and good judgment he paid for the
farm and laid aside a competence. Now, somewhat ad¬
vanced in years, Mr. Johnson finds his little farm still
yielding a fair income, and he spends several months of
the year in travel in this country and Europe. Mr.
Johnson has promised to write out the story of his farm
experience. Knowing the man and the farm as we do,
we can safely promise one of the most useful and enter¬
taining stories of modest success that The R. N -Y.
has ever printed. The story of such a man’s life is far
more useful to our readers than that of some great mas¬
ter of finance.

♦

1 iif.v have not had a pound of grain since last
Spring, and since the first month or two have been
gnawing the meadow lands bare, robbing next year’s
hay crop. Some of them have been having a little corn
fodder. They have lain out nights that were cold and
stormy, and now they are giving but very little milk.
Their owner was busy with the Fall work, and did not
mind the gradual shrinkage, but now he is “up against
u. ’ and has started in feeding grain, but it is too late.

'I hey will increase a little in milk flow, but are in such
condition that their extra feed for some time must go.
to build up and restore that depleted condition that was
brought on by carelessness and neglect, and the failure
to see that a good lot of future money could have been
had by spending money earlier for feed! \Ve have
seen a lot of this kind of men in the last month, and
have heard their hard luck story, and the small profit
m dairying. One in particular is recalled to mind. He
found fault with the creamery, the butter maker, man¬
ager and everything else; was being robbed on the test,
and no one was right but himself. Yet he wouldn’t buy
a tester to test his own cream, or take care of his dairy
cows to see that they paid. If he had spent half the
lime during the past year in studying how to improve
and better care for his dairy that he has in' kicking, the
creamery now would have had more peace and the far¬
mer more money.

BREVITIES.

“A Poor sire is the whole herd.”

The cowed cow cannot do her best!

Ax Ohio hog recently sold for $2,000.

Among the ties which hold fair prices to produce Is
advertise.

We are surprised to see how many fruit growers are
experimenting with the “soluble oils" for spraying.

The people of this country are pretty well tired of great
expositions. There is enough local interest to carry small
ones.

Can you help us with experience, in answer to the ques¬
tions on page 890? What about silage alone as roughage
for cows?

If you had a pond with the banks so full of muskrat
holes that a horse breaks in— what would you do to the
muskrats?

The Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association, at its recent
meeting, decided in favor of a standard size of baskets for
small fruits.

“The Story of an Express Package”— page 855, is stir¬
ring up a great correspondence. Wonderful how many pack¬
ages have gone wrong and are still being “investigated.”

In North Carolina an apple was used to poison a woman

and two daughters. Arsenic was put inside the apple _

the poisoner knowing that no more attractive package could
be given.

The auto drivers of Massachusetts claim to number
15,000 voters and “all politicians.” They intend to push for
a law increasing the limit of speed and securing other
“rights” for autos. Can 15,000 men well organized beat
150,000 unorganized?

The R. N.-Y. has readers in nearly every foreign country
where people who read English are to be found. The usual
reason given for subscribing is that The R. N.-Y. gives them
the best expression of the progress of American farming.

One of our Russian readers will soon tell of his attempt at
farming in Transcaucasia.

The chief of police of a southern city sends us a list of
a dozen names to which the Thanksgiving issue is to be
sent. We wouldn’t mind if he sent his policemen out to
arrest these parties and handcuff them to The R. N.-Y.
Dimes would do it.

Some Swiss scientists have experimented with heating
milk. Here’s a sample: “Storch’s paraphenylcnediamin
test gave negative results when applied to milk heated mo¬
mentarily at 80°. five minutes at 75°. 30 minutes at 72.5°,
or five hours at 70°. The total destruction of the super¬
oxydase. upon which this test depends, occurred, therefore,
sooner than the complete coagulation of the albumin. In
general Storch’s reaction ceased precisely at the point where
the cooked taste manifested itself." That’s what you do
when you warm up the cow by putting the dogs after her.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

885

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

INSURANCE AFFAIRS. — Both John A. McCall, president
of the New York Life Insurance Company, and George W.
Perkins, vice-president of that corporation, business partner
of J. Pierpont Morgan and chairman of the Finance Com¬
mittee of the United States Steel Corporation, made such
astounding confessions in relation to the juggling of the
funds of the policy holders of the New York Life, falsifying
of the records and diversion of thousands of dollars for
political and legislative purposes, before the Armstrong Leg¬
islative Investigating Committee Nov. 27, that after the ses¬
sion ended the opinion was expressed freely in the Council
Chamber in City Hall that nothing remained now for them
to do except to retire from the company. Their recital of
the discreditable things that had been done by them or with
their knowledge and approval was strengthened in its sinis¬
ter aspect, it was contended, by the admission of Theodore
M. Banta, cashier for the New York Life, that live or six
years asp the vaults of the insurance company were entered
and $700,000 of New York City revenue bonds removed,
while a check from the Central National Bank was deposit¬
ed in the vault in their place. The purpose of this trans¬
action, it was brought out, was to enable the Central Na¬
tional Bank to escape taxation on $700,000 of its deposits
by throwing them into the funds of the New York Life,
which were not taxable, and to take over for a few days the
$700,000 of city bonds, which were not taxable, whether in
the vaults of the hank or elsewhere. Mr. Banta testified
that this transaction was so repugnant to Edmund B. Ran¬
dolph. treasurer of the New' York Life, that he manifested
his disapproval of it and it was not repeated. No record
of the sale of the $700,000 of the city bonds to the Central
National Bank or of the receipt of the check of the l>ank for
that amount was made in the books of the New York Life,
and if was shown conclusively that the whole transaction
was a “fake” designed to relieve the bank of its fair share
of taxation at the expense of the other taxpayers. The
insurance company was interested largely in the hank. One
of the astounding revelations made by Mr. McCall was that
$.‘'.7,500 of New York Life funds which had been appropriat¬
ed for the payment of a judgment against the company had
not been applied to the payment of that judgment, but had
been turned over in 1000 to Cornelius N. Bliss, treasurer
of the Republican National Committee, to be used for po¬
litical purposes. Afterward those who had charge of the
payment of the judgment went once more into the treasury
of New York Life and drew $35,500 more of the policy
holders' money and liquidated the judgment. It also was
shown by the testimony of Mr. McCall, who denied that he
ever had paid any campaign money to Senator I’latt or any
other person for State, legislative or judicial campaign pur¬
poses, that, notwithstanding the hundreds of thousands of
dollars paid to “Judge” Andrew Hamilton for influencing
legislation. John A. McCall had gone on a series of Hamil¬
ton's notes in the Central National Bank and the New York
Security and Trust Company, and that afterward the bulk
of those notes were paid off with the profits of the New York
Life from the Steel Trust syndicate operation with ,T. P.
Morgan & Co., the Morgan banking house paying to Ham¬
ilton $59,901 by arrangement with Perkins.

PATENT MEDICINES AS LIQUORS.— Nearly every
druggist in the United States will be affected by a circular
issued by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nov. 24.
This circular, which is addressed to Collectors of Internal
Revenue, is supplementary to the order issued on September
12 last, when the Commissioner ruled that all dealers sell¬
ing patent medicines which contain spirituous liquors as a
chief ingredient are liable to pay the Federal tax as retail
liquor dealers. It was also held that the manufacturers
were liable to the payment of the special Government tax.
The order of September 12 was to become effective on De-
eemlKM- 1 of this year, but protests were received from a
large number of manufacturers and dealers, declaring that
they had on hand large stocks of the so-called medicines,
that they acquired them in good faith, and that the imposi¬
tion of ‘the Government tax would cause them to suffer
great loss. Accordingly, Commissioner Yerkes directed Nov.
24 that the rule be not applied to manufacturers until Jan¬
uary 1, 1900. and not to druggists and other dealers until
April 1, 1906. For several weeks the Internal Revenue
Bureau has been analyzing many patent medicines believed
to contain alcohol or spirituous liquor as their chief in¬
gredient.

DAIRY INSTRUCTION IN PENNSYLVANIA.

The Director of Farmers’ Institutes of Pennsylvania. A.
L. Martin, planned the organizing of a series of practical
demonstration schools where talking should go hand in
hand with actual performance. The first meeting was just
held at Troy, Pa. There were no fixed places where the
sessions were held ; some were held in the office or churning
room of the Troy creamery or in some farmer’s barnyard or
cow stable, or in the auditorium. The work and handling of
the school was in the charge of our recently appointed

Professor of Dairy Husbandry at State College, Pa.. Prof.
II. E. Van Norman of Purdue University, Ind. The fer¬
mentation test was an eye-opener to many who were pres¬
ent. l’rof. Van Norman inspected all the milk as it passed
over the platform of the creamery, and took a number of
samples, which he immediately set at a temperature con¬
ducive to bacterial development ; then late in the day every
member of the class was asked carefully to examine the
samples. The odor given off by some of the jars spoke
louder than words, and all the professor said was : “Use
your eyes and nose.” Only by such a demonstration can
everybody see, smell and appreciate the nastiness of some
milk that comes to some creameries. Scoring the butter
also aroused much interest. The class was first instructed
in the theory of scoring, and then every member was asked
to score some samples furnished for the purpose. The
butter ranged from very noor to fairly good, and in com¬
paring and summing up the work of the class the instruc¬
tors complimented the dairymen on their good judgment in
butter quality. The Babcock test was then fully developed
and explained. Buttermilk was tested and whole milk
brought by patrons from individual cows, thus fully illus¬
trating the value of this little machine to the individual
farmer. The entire process of butter-making was illustrat¬
ed in the concrete, making starters, cream ripening, alkaline
test, churning, salting, working and packing the butter.
The entire class then adjourned to a dairy farm where Prof.
Van Norman had plenty of examples right in the barnyard
to illustrate his instruction in dairy type. In t lie stable he
explained how to ventilate and light a cow stable and point¬
ed out how not to do it. The class pronounced the meeting
an unqualified success^ _ l. w. l.

MAPES , THE HEN MAN.

Cost of a Quart of Milk.

“FARMING DON'T PAY.” — dlow often do we hear that
remark from those who look at things through the smoked
glass of partial or complete failure ! If farmers must give
vent to such feelings they should be careful about doing it
in (lie hearing of outside parties. Every such remark tends
to depress the whole farming industry, thus making things
worse than before. Every farmer who has a farm for sale
is injured by such talk. When a horse dealer has a horse
for sale he does not go about calling attention to the poor
points of his animal, but just the reverse. Welcome the
day when farmers will be able truthfully to say that “farm¬
ing pays.” This prelude has been suggested by a discussion
recently had in one of our Subordinate Grange meetings on
the subject of the production cost of a quart of milk. It
does not seem to he an easy matter for the average farmer
to figure out the exact cost of a quart of milk on his par¬
ticular farm, or even the average cost for the year. Of
course there are different ways to go about it. any one of
which if intelligently followed out should be fairly accurate.

EXPENSE TO CONSIDER.— On a farm where milk is not
(he sole product, but other lines are also followed, here are
the principal items which should enter into the computation :
First and foremost is the food consumed. This may very
properly be divided into three items: grain feed, pasturage,
and hay or other roughage. The first and last are usually
quite easily determined, and the item of pasturage usually
has a casli value in most localities quite easily determined.
Another Ifem is the interest on the value of the cow and of
the stable. This should not include the value of barn for
hay storage, etc., as the hay must be stored whether milk
production is engaged in or not. Another item is the de¬
preciation in the value of the cow. A good young cow
ready to begin operations at the pail has one value, while
one that is ready to be discarded for purposes of milk pro
duetion also usually has a value, i'hc difference between
these two values, as averaged on any particular farm, di¬
vided by the average number of years a cow can be milked,
represents the annual depreciation on the cow. Carting the
milk to market and carting any purchased grain to the
farm are also proper charges. If the labor of milking, feed¬
ing, and other care of the cows can be accurately estimated
we have the whole of the items which enter into the pro¬
duction cost of milk. On this basis we would have an ac¬
count something like this in this locality for the cost of one
cow’s milk per year :

2,500 pounds grain feed (n) $22 . $27.50

Five months’ pasturage & $1.50 . 7.50

1 Yi ton hay or equivalent, $12 . 18.00

Interest on value of cow and stable . 4.00

Depreciation on cow . 3.00

Carting milk . 7.00

Carting feed . 1-25

Labor . 15.00

Total . $83.25

From this can properly be deducted the value of the ferti¬
lizer produced, and of the calf, which is usually sold as soon
as the milk is good enough for market. This would bring
the cost per cow down to about $75. A fair average of milk
per cow in our best dairies is not far from 7.500 pounds,
which brings the cost of a quart of milk to a little over two
cents. Cows that are fed 2,500 pounds of grain feed, and
fresh in milk during Winter, when prices are highest, should

produce milk that will sell to the Bordens or other good
dealers at an average of nearly three cents per quart. This
would look as though there is something wrong in cases
where “farming don't pay.”

HOW ONE MAN FIGURES. — At the Grange meeting above
referred to one of our members. C. A. Evans, gave actual
figures from results on his own farm for a series of years,
where practically nothing but milk is produced for sale.
1 1 is method of determining the cost of milk is to charge the
interest on money invested, taxes, insurance, and repairs to
buildings, etc., against the milk ; also all labor hired, and
feed purchased. He makes no charge for manual labor per¬
formed by himself, but balances that against house rent and
other privileges secured from the farm, which would cost
the family cash had he not purchased a farm. These in¬
clude a liberal supply of fruits and vegetables, poultry, milk,
eggs, etc. He raises his own wheat, and butchers at least
one beef every year for home use. A horse and buggy for
frequent uses of pleasure are other items which he very
properly places in this category. His dairy of grade Iloi-
steius is kept up entirely by raising a few heifers each
year, so that no charge for depreciation on cows can he
made, but a cow is frequently sold for beef. There is not
a hoof on the farm but what has been raised on there.
Figuring on this basis he finds the actual cost of a quart of
milk on his farm in the year 1902 was .0148 per quart
in 1903 .0156, while in 1904 it was but .0132. He usually
milks about 20 cows, counting all heifers as cows as soon
as they begin milking. The yearly product is between 7.000
and 8,000 pounds per cow. In the year 1904 the average
was 7,795 pounds per cow. These favorable figures from
one of our most practical and intelligent farmers created a
lively interest in the subject. Inquiry brought out the fact
that in the season of 1904 when the cost was lowest, a crop
of 1,000 bushels of corn (ears) had been produced and fed
on the farm. Mr. Evans believes that on many farms grain,
particularly corn, can be produced at a good profit.

This is an old dairy section, and but very little plowing
is done. Mr. Evans raised a good crop of corn again this
year, built a silo, and is now feeding silage for the first
time. Borden's people will not buy his silage-fed milk, but
he had no trouble in getting another good market. As¬
suming that the privileges from the farm which he offsets
against labor performed by himself are fair, we could pick no
flaw in his figures except that he had not charged for board
of his hired man. No other member of his family except
himself performed any work in connection with the farm
except to board the hired man. This would increase the
cost of a quart of milk on his farm a little, but a hand¬
some margin of profit is still left. Could a railroad, a steel
manufactory, or an oil refinery be run at such a margin of
profit, their shares would be in great demand. Inquiry
brought out the fact that Mr. Evans feeds his cows in full
milk about 16 pounds of grain feed a day in Winter, and
four pounds a day when at pasture in Summer. Even the
dry cows and young stock get some grain every day except
when on full pasture. The son. who has been acting in the
capacity of hired man for several years, and drawing a
hired man's pay at $15 per month, has just started for a
four-years' course at Oberlin College. Who shall say that
“farming don’t pay?” _ o. w. mapes.

BUSINESS BITS .

Those interested in the lighting problem should send for
information regarding Tirrill’s Gas Machine. We under¬
stand this is a small machine intended to make city gas
for country houses, stores, etc. The manufacturers, Tir-
rl 11 Gas Machine Co., 75 Fulton street. New York will be
glad to send catalogue to anyone interested.

We can think of nothing that would prove more conveni¬
ent. in the home than the medicine case offered on another
page. Where there are children in the home it would also
prove a safeguard against accident. The price is within
the reach of all and the advertiser, the Brockway-Smith
Cor., 22 Washington street, Boston. Mass, guarantee “money
back" if not exactly as represented.

A Hand hay press is of course, too slow for large hay
growers, hut there are no doubt many farmers who have
only small quantities to market and will welcome informa¬
tion regarding hand presses. Hobson & Co, 12 State street.
New York, make a line of these hand presses in 12 sizes, so
no doubt the larger sizes are capable of baling a good
amount of hay in a single day. Full information and prices
for the asking.

Some of the very farmers and dairymen who would laugh
at an Indian mill are skimming their milk — and losing half
their cream — just as the Indians did. Modern methods of
skimming are as far ahead of the old method as modern
mills are ahead of Indian grinding stones. The up-to-date
skimming machine is the Sharpies Tubular cream separator.
It often doubles your dairy profits — skims the milk as soon
as drawn from the cow — leaves fresh warm skim-milk for
young stock — requires that only the cream be put away.
In use from Maine to California — and far ahead of pans or
cans. Ask the Sharpies Separator Co. for their plainly
written, fully illustrated catalogue No. Y. 153. Address them
at West Chester, Pa., Chicago, Ill., or Toronto Can. They
have large offices at each place.

Dietz Lanterns

Do you need a lantern? Don’t make
a mistake. Just a little study is worth
while before you go to buy. The

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ

catches everybody. Its flame is strong
and steady . There are other qualities
everybody likes in a Dietz Cold Blast
lantern. It is safe and convenient,
burns long, is easily filled, is cleanly.
Whether new or old, it never leaks,
smokes, soots or smells. Ask your dealer
for a Dietz Cold Blast. If he can’t sup¬
ply you, write to us. Write anyhow
for catalogue, free to all.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 181.0,

How to Get 5%

VOU probably have often desired better return on

1 your savings than 3# or 44. But you wanted to
be sure. Let us show you how, for over 12

Assets

$1,750,000
Surplus and Profits
JS150.000

counts of patrons in all parts
of the country, we have never
paid less than 54.

Your money will he in care¬
ful hands, free from specula¬
tion, earning 54 Per Year,
reckoned for every day, no
matter when received or when
withdrawn.

A strong, progressive insti¬
tution, ably managed, unde*-
supervision of New York
Banking Department.

Write for particulars.

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

0 TIMES Bl.DO. . BROADWAY, NEW YORK,

((#» fl ‘jer flfciSij

HUBBARD’S WINDOW SASH LOCK

BEST ON EARTH. Not merely
acateh, buta LOCK. Stops Burglars,
Rattling Sash. Stops wind and Rain;
out of sight. Safe for ventilation.

$3.00 dozen: 25 cents each.
Canvassers wanted. Libera! offer,
For terms, circulars, etc., apply to

D. S. HUBBARD SON & CO.,
259 Third Ave., Bay Shore, N. Y.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lath and Oora
i Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels. I
a Catalog free. We pay the freight. I

* DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 302* Atlanta. 6a. l

Own a TIRRILL GAS MACHINE

for Lighting, Cooking, Power,

and In fact EVERY purpose for
which gas can be used. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed before you pay for
it. Practical and safe Operated
by anyone. Agents wanted.

Tlrrill Gas Machine Lighting Co.,

75 Fulton Street, New York. Founded 1864.

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Grimm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost in one season. This is Guaranteed or no
sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print “C” free. Terms, May 1, 1906.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt., and Montreal, P. Q.

FARM MACHINE CO. „

TH E I M PROV E D

X

CREAM SEPARATOR

WINS

GOLD MEDAL

The Highest Award

at the Lewis and Clark Exposition at Portland, Oregon. At the
Pan-American Exposition in 1901, The U. S. Separator established and
continues to hold the

WORLD’S RECORD

For Clean Skimming

As there was no skimming contest at the St. Louis Exposition last
year, the U. S. Separator continues to maintain undisputed right to
the title of the best machine of its kind.

These facts concern every cow owner who is in the market for a ,
cream separator. To all such our free catalogue telling all about the/
U. S. Separator should be equally interesting. A copy is free for thej
asking. Address

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

18 centrally located distributing warehouses throughout the United States and Canada ^

886

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 9,

From Day to Day.

THE PULLEY.

When Led at first made man.

Having a glass of blessings standing by.

Let us (said lie) pour on him all We can.
Let the world's riches, which dispersed lie.
Contract into a span.

So strenglh first made a way.

Then beantie flow'd, then wisdom, honot.
pleasure,

When almost all was out, God made a
stay.

Perceiving that alone of all His treasure
Rest in the bottorae lay.

For if I should (said lie)

Restow this jewel 1 also on my creature.

lie should adore my gifts instead of Me
And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature
So both would losers be.

Yet let him keep the rest.

But keep them with repining restlessnesse.

Let him be rich and wearie. that at least.
If goodness leade him not, yet wearinesse
May tosse him to My breast.

— George Herbert (159.1-1632).

*

One of the new cotton drapery fabrics
is called silkasheen. It is about the same
weight as silkolinc, but has a crape-like
texture. It is highly mercerized, and :s
shown in beautiful flowered and figured
designs. It costs 15 cents a yard.

*

A handy pin bow consists of six or
eight loops of different ribbons, all deli¬
cate harmonizing shades, lined so as to
stand out in a stiff rosette with a couple
of swallow-tail ends. A hit of crinoline
at the back forms a stiffener by which
it may be pinned to the side of one’s mir¬
ror. Each loop has six glass-headed pins
stuck in it, the heads being the color of
the ribbon in which it is fastened. 1 his
enables one to find any color needed to
fasten a stock or belt without hunting

through a cushion or pin-ball.

*

Cinnamon cake without eggs, as given
by “Martha” in the Chicago Record-Her¬
ald. will be welcome when the hens are
niggardly in laying. Dissolve one tea¬
spoonful of baking soda in a little hot
water; add to it half a cupful of molasses,
half a pint of sour cream, half a pound of
brown sugar, the grated zest of half a lem¬
on, one rounding tablespoonful of cinna¬
mon, a pinch of allspice and mace and
three cupfuls of sifted flour; finally one
pound of seeded raisins, cut fine and
lightly floured. Bake in loaf or gem pans
in a moderate oven.

*

As a means of relieving injured feel¬
ings without unseemly words, the plan
described thus in the Youth’s Companion
may he found helpful, though it may be
regarded as slightly unusual :

Mrs. Compton looked at her old friend
with a slightly defiant gaze. “So you
heard I’d married into a peculiar family.”
she said, slowly. “Well, I won’t deny
but what the Comptons have got some
ways that aren’t just like everybody’s else.
But my husband is just about the same as
other folks most o’ the time.”

The old friend gave her the smile of one
who is open to- conviction, but said noth¬
ing.

“He’s got one little peculiarity,” said
Mrs. Compton, moved to confidence by
the smile. “Tt’s known in the family, but
I don’t speak of it outside; however, you
being an old school friend and living way
out West. T feel different.”

The smile grew more encouraging and
sympathetic.

“It’s nothing that worries me — not
really,” said Mrs. Compton, hastily. “It’s
just a little habit Silas has got into. When
lie’s riled, instead of saying much, he goes
up to the garret and takes everything out
of my old piece bag, and puts it on over
his head, and ties it round his waist good
and hard, and sits there till he feels bet¬
ter. I suppose some folks would call that
a kind of a peculiarity, but I never take
any notice of it, only I tell him he’s got to
put the pieces back, and he does.”

The Ontario, Canada, Department of
Agriculture has just issued Bulletin 146
(Women’s Institutes) on the uses of
fruits, vegetables and honey. There are
20 apple recipes, which looks like a strong
endorsement of the Apple Consumers’
League, and a number of honey cakes, in
addition to other recipes. We think the
honey cakes will be specially welcome to
families keeping bees, for we do not often
see recipes of this class. 1 he bulletin
says, quite correctly, that many honey
cooking recipes are entirely valueless, re¬
sulting merely in disappointment. It
especially recommends this recipe, given

by Maria Fraser, for honey cakes or
cookies, without sugar or molasses : Two
cups honey, one cup butter, four eggs
(mix well) ; one cup buttermilk (mix) ;

one good quart flour, one level teaspoonful
soda or saleratus. If it is too thin, stir
in a little more flour. If too thin it will
fall. It does not want to be as thin as
sugar-cake; use very thick honey. Be
sure to use the same cup for measure.
Be sure to mix the honey, eggs and butter
well together. You can make it richer if
you like by using clabbered cream instead
of buttermilk. Bake in a rather slow
oven, as it burns ve^ easily. To make

5103 Nine Gored Tucked Skirt.
22 to 30 waist.

the cookies, use a little more flour, so that
they will roll out well without sticking to
the board. Any kind of flavoring will
do ; Miss Fraser uses ground orange peel.
Mixed soft it makes a very nice ginger¬
bread.

The Rural Patterns.

Empire coats are among the most strik¬
ing of the new models shown. No. 5181
is made with the deep yoke, which gives
the characteristic short-waisted effect, the
fronts and the back. Both back and fronts
are laid in inverted plaits, but those of the
front are stitched with sewing silk for a
portion of their length, while those at
the back are simply pressed into position.
The sleeves are comfortably full at the
shoulders, finished at the wrists with flare
cuffs. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is 6j4 yards 27, 4)4
yards 44 or 4 yards 52 inches wide. The
pattern 5181 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36
38 and 40 inch bust measure; price 10
cents.

The walking skirt shown is cut in nine
gores and is laid in backward turning
tucks of generous depth, the fullness at the
center back being laid in inverted plaits.
The quantity of material required for the
medium size is 9 1/2 yards 27, 5 yards 44
or 4x/s yards 52 inches wide when material
has figure or nap; 7x/2 yards 27, 4)4
yards 44 or 3)4 yards 52 inches wide when
it has not. The pattern 5103 is cut in
sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 inch waist
measure ; price 10 cents.

Baking Powder

Absolutely

Pure

DISTINCTIVELY A CREAM OF
TARTAR BAKING POWDER

It does not contain an atom of phos-
phatic acid (which is the product of bones
digested in sulphuric acid) or of alum
(which is one-third sulphuric acid) sub¬
stances adopted for other baking powders
because of their cheapness.

RUGS and CURTAINS

CATALOGUE FREE

Buy direct at wholesale prices and make your
selection at home from our new Fall book

Showing Patterns in Detail

Handsome designs in Axminster, Velvet
and Smyrna Hugs, Art Squares, Rope
portieres and Curtains.

Send at once for special 27 in. x 54 in .Velvet Rug at
$2.50. Made in all colors. Express paid. Youi
money refunded if not satisfactory.

Don’t put this off. Write to-day.
SMITH & GETHIN, Dept. 10, Amsterdam. X. Y

AGAINST

N
KE

am

\OViEJ?s

Alt

WALL THE Mm*"*
UST DEALERS W/f

A, J. TOWER CO.. ESTABLISHED 1836

IwT BOSTON NEW YORKl CHICAGO

‘ TOWER CANADIAN CO..liimt»d .TORONTO. CAN.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey , Prin.

Save Half Your Fuel

BV USING THB

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR

Fits any Stove or Furnace .
Write for booklet on heatiug buiaet.
>on Rochester Radiator Co.

'oJ Furnace St., Rochester,?!. Y»

Pricelrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or
soft coal,
wood or gas.

St e rung- Range

through heavy transparent mica with
which the Double Oven Door is
equipped. You know what this means
to you; a patented feature of ours adop¬
ted in preference to the unreliable
thermometers which are attached for
looks, not service.

This door is only one of twenty ex¬
clusive devices used in no other range
which make the STERLING famous
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1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

887

Two Christmas Shoppers.

Just before Christmas Helen and Bettie
went together to spend each her little
hoard of money saved up for the holiday
giving. They were so fortunate as to do
their buying in a city of some commerce,
where several large department stores
offered goods in sufficient variety and at
reasonable prices. Yet after the first gay-
ety and glitter of the gaily decorated
counters had been enjoyed, and they set¬
tled down to the search after various arti¬
cles on their lists, Bettie turned to her
friend with an “Oh dear! ’ which was half
laughter, half sigh.

“Why didn’t I buy my little plain, sen¬
sible things weeks aco?” she complained.

“I am sure they would have been cheaper
then, and would have seemed more at¬
tractive without all this flash and dazzle
of novelty, holiday stuff to throw them in
the shade. Yet. see how eagerly people
are buying. Half those toys will be
smashed before a week’s play, and people
get their houses quite too full of knick-
knacks and meaningless things, Aunt Kate
says.”

“Yet I mean to buy an armful of those
same foolish toys. Children so love them,
and it will not be many years longer that
my nieces and nephews can be made happy
with tin stoves and iron horses and carts.
My sisters tell me that the iron toys are
most satisfactory for little people, and the
rubber ones for the babies. But I guess
your Aunt Kate is right about most of the
bric-a-brac. Let’s hurry to the book
counters before all my money is gone,”
and Helen and Bettie hastened on as soon
as the long wait for change made it pos¬
sible.

“Here is a little copy of Longfellow that
is a bargain I am sure,” whispered Bettie
at her friend’s elbow.

“But it is not complete, and everyone
ought to have all of Longfellow’s poems,
else the very one you want is sure not to
be there. My idea is to own complete edi¬
tions of Whittier, Tennyson and some of
the poets I love best, and then have one
or two of the best collections of poetry.
Of course Bryant’s “Library of Poetry
and Song” would be first choice, but it is
expensive because so big a book. There
is a lovely two-volume edition, but prob¬
ably that costs even more. Last year I
spent some of the money Santa Claus
brought me for Charles Mackay’s “Thou¬
sand and One Gems of English Poetry.”
You can’t think what pleasure I have
taken with it, nor how often I’ve found in
it the very poem some one was asking for.
Having it has decided my buying two or
three copies of Palgrave’s “Golden Treas¬
ury” to give away. That is a smaller col¬
lection, and costs so little. You can get
one volume for a quarter. It is neatly
cloth bound and just the size to go into
a boy’s pocket.”

“I thought you were buying Shakes¬
peare’s plays for all your boy friends?”

“No, no. Only for Jack. And now
Constance has made up her mind to ask
each friend who insists upon giving her
something to let it be a Temple Shakes¬
peare. They arc such dainty little books,
and fascinating, though you don’t like
them, Bettie.”

Bettie laughed, having no wish to deny
the charge, and Helen went on, “Jack has
‘Merchant of Venice,’ ‘Hamlet’ and ‘Mac¬
beth’ now. He loves the tragedies and
prefers ‘Julius Csesar’ to ‘As You Like
It’ for this year’s present. They cost 50
cents a volume, you know,- are always
bound in red leather, and the set can be
added to anywhere and at any time. Of
course if a boy will read only the Henty
books and Oliver Optic you may as well
buy those. But all last Winter Jack
scorned the third-class plays which come
to our little opera house, and are always
poor stuff. He saved his money, came to
the city and saw Richard Mansfield as
Shylock. It was an event to him, and will
be remembered long as he lives.”

“Oh. it’s well enough with Jack, who
can have all the neckties, gloves and sub¬
scriptions to periodicals he wants, but I
hope you don’t know of any more sets
of books.”

“Yes, I do. And I am going to buy one
or two, if ever that clerk can find time to
sell them to me. The ‘Modern Reader’s
Bible’ series are just as fascinating as the

Temple Shakespeares. They cost the
same, but are in black, flexible leather.
Each book has an explanatory introduc¬
tion and notes, so that one reads with all
the knowledge a scholarly person has. I
sent the Book of Job to a shut-in last
year, and she said it was like new litera¬
ture, with all the added charm of the old
and well-beloved. I happened to know
that she loved the poetry and wisdom of
Job. One volume contains the master¬
pieces of the Bible. I want it to give my
Sunday School teacher. Why, Bettie,
shouldn’t I buy books? Even the people
who don’t read them want them in their
parlors, and I haven’t selected one of the
late novels, which will be useless when
once read.”

“Buy what you like, dear. But a dollar
doesn't go far at the book counter, and
we have so little to spend, so many friends
to remember. There seems more pleasure
to be had from a pretty handkerchief, a
pair of gloves, a nice purse, or a hot-water
bottle, a rubber sponge, a bath mat, a hand
mirror or brush and comb set.”

“There isn’t for everybody, and books
never wear out. If we read good ones we
can hope to take their substance into old
age and even into the life beyond.

PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.

The Bookshelf.

A Self-Supporting Home, by Kate V.
Saint Maur. This book tells how a city
woman, moving to a small run-down
country place, gradually makes it self-sup¬
porting. The work is given month by
month, and while few failures are record¬
ed, it must be said that the work is de¬
scribed practically and simply; that the ad¬
vice given is in the main sound and good,
and that any city woman desirous of set¬
ting up a country home will find Mrs.
Saint Maur a sympathetic counsellor.
Bees; poultry, including chickens, ducks,
pigeons, Guinea fowls, turkeys and pheas¬
ants, are discussed, while the other live
stock includes the family cow and horse,
pedigree cats and aristocratic rabbits.
Some of the experiences related have a
delightfully convincing personal touch; for
instance, the case where, in an emergency,
chilled chicks were brooded on a hotbed
made of baked corn! We think that “A
Self-Supporting Home” would be a very
good book for a country girl who thinks
her environment gives no opportunity for
remunerative work. She would not find
all the suggestions offered applicable to
her own case, perhaps, but she would real¬
ize that there are genuine possibilities in
rural life, and that an educated woman
does not lose in dignity by this active
manual work. The enthusiasm thus gained
would be a powerful force in the better¬
ment of farm life. Many books in this
line are so obviously insincere that they
repel us at once. In the book under dis¬
cussion this tone is conspicuously absent,
and we can only say that if every word in
it is not true it certainly deserves to be.
It is charmingly bound, well printed and
freely illustrated. Published by the Mac¬
millan Company, New York; price $1.75
net ; postage 14 cents additional.

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A

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J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO.

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Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade for nearly
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HERE IS THE PROOF

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888

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December d,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, December 9, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Tile Drainage . 877, 878

Nitrate of Soda Alone . 880

Lime With Fertilizer . 880

Fertilizer in Spring for Wheat . 880

White Grubs and Potatoes . 880

Hope Farm Notes . 883

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Breeding Successful Dairy Cows . 877

Dairy Conditions in Southeastern New

Hampshire . 878

Some Needs of Dairymen . 879

Mapes. the Hen Man . 885

Dairy Instruction in Pennsylvania . 885

• Another Freemartin . 889

Silage and Bran for Cow Feed . 890

'The Balky Ilorse . 890

Winter Care of Hens . 890

Co\y Gives Bloody Milk . 891

Concerning Garget . 891

Possibly Cowpox . 891

Ration for Milch Cows . 891

Another Milk Ration . 891

HORTICULTURE.

Fumigation of Nursery Stock . 878

Fruit Growing in Alabama . 879

Cultivation for a Y'oung Orchard . 879

Wintering Manure for the Garden . 880

Wood Ashes for Peach Trees . 880

A Mixture for Garden Truck . 880

Fruit Notes . 880

Oil Spray . 880

Strawberries for Hill Culture . 880

Tuberous Rooted Begonias . 881

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 882

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 880

The Rural Patterns . 880

Two Christmas Shoppers . 887

The Bookshelf . 887

MISCELLANEOUS.

Contamination of Water . 881

Trees Encroaching Over Line . 881

Trespass by Telephone Company . 881

Trespass in Fence Building . 881

Editorials . 884

Events of the Week . 885

Business Bits . 885

Prices. Products and Trade . 888

Publisher's Desk . 889

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending December 2, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals

noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various

market sections.

Where possible

these fig-

ures are the avera;

ge of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, North., Manitoba —

No. 1 Macaroni . —

No. 2. Northern Duluth.... —
Corn .

@ 88 14
@ 89
@ 88%
@ 54
@ 35
@ 70

@ 44

Oats .

Rye .

Barley, feeding . .

Spring Bran . . . .

Middlings .

Red Dog .

Cottonseed meal .
Linseed meal . . .

FEED,

@18.00

@21.00

@22.10

@28.00

@30.50

HAY

AND STRAW.

Prices for large bales. Small bales about
50 cents per ton less.

Hay, No. 1 . — @16.00

No. 2 . 14.00 @14.50

No a i o no fiiutnn

Clover mixed . .
Clover .

. 12.00

. 10.00

@14.00

@13.00

/fTl 1 J.

Short and oat. .

<a 1 1 .00

MILK.

N. Y. Exchange price $1.61 per 40-quart
can. Deducting 26 cents freight and five
cents ferriage, this nets the shipper 314 cents
per quart at points where there are no ad¬
ditional station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra .

Lower grades .

State Dairy .

Factory .

Imitation Creamery .

Packing Stock .

EGGS.

Fancy, selected white .

Selected white choice .

Mixed firsts .

Western and Southern .

Storage .

CHEESE.

Full cream, sept., fey .

Fair to choice .

Part Skims .

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evap.. fancy .

@ 11

Evap.. choice .

. . . . -

@ 10

Evap.. prime .

... -

@ 9%

Evap.. common .

, . -

@ 7

Sun-dried Canadian . . .

%@ 6%

Sun-dried. Southern ....

4

@ 5

Chops. 100 lbs .

. . . . -

@3.25

Cores and skins .

@1.90

Cherries .

, . . . 14

@ 15

Raspberries .

@ 27

FRESH FRl

'ITS.

Apples, McIntosh. Spitz & King.3.00

@5.00

Spv and Greening .

@4.50

Baldwin, Ren Davis

and

Bellflower .

@3.50

York Imperial .

@4.00

Culls .

... 1 .00

@2.50

Western, bu. box .

@5.00

Pears. Bose and Clairgeau,

bbl. 3.00

@5.00

Anion and Duchess .

. . .2.00

@3.50

Sheldon .

@4.50

Kieffer .

. . .2.00

@3.00

Grapes, 4-lb. basket .

... 10

@ 16

Cranberries, bbl .

@11.50

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes. Bermuda, bbl....

. . .6.00

@7.00

Long Island, 80 IDs . . . .

@2.75

State and Jersey, bbl. . .

. 1.75 2.25

Brussels Sprouts, qt .

6

@ 12

Beets, loo bunches .

@1.00

Carrots, bbl .

@1.25

Cabbage, ton .

@20.00

Colerv. dozen .

... 15

(7? 50

Chicory and escarol, bbl. . .

(7? 3.50

Cauliflowers, bbl. ...N..N

. N. 50

@1.50

Eggplants, bbl .

... 1 .50

(7? 2.50

Horseradish, prime, bbl...

. . . 5.00

@5.50

Kale, bbl .

... 50

@ 65

24

@

24 %

17

@

23

16

@

23

15

@

UV2

17

@

19

15

@

17

38

@

40

35

@

37

30

@

34

23

@

31

19

@

23

_

@

13%

11

@

12 V,

8%@

9%

Lettuce, bbl .

Onions, 'white, bbl .

. 2.50

Y’ellow .

Red .

Peas, %-bbl. basket....

. 1.00

Green Beans, bkt .

. 1 .25

Spinach, bbl .

. 40

Squash, bbl .

Turnips, bbl .

. 50

HOTHOUSE

STUFF.

Tomatoes, lb .

Mushrooms, lb .

. 25

Lettuce, dozen .

Radishes, 100 bunches. .

Cucumbers, dozen .

HOPS.

Prime to choice .

. 18

Common to fair .

Olds .

German, 1905 .

. 30

BEANS.

Marrow .

Pea .

1

Yellow Eye .

LIVE POP

I. TRY.

Chickens .

Fowls .

in

Roosters . . .

Turkeys .

Ducks .

Geese .

Pigeons .

@1.25
@5.50
@ 2.50
fa 2.25
@2.50
@ 2.50
@1.25
@ 1.00
@1.00

@ 15
@ 65
@ 75

@4.00
fa ©0

@ 21
@ 17
@ 8
@ 40

fa 3.25
@1.85
@2.95
@1.80

@ 10
@ 11
@ 7

@ 13
@ 85
@1.75
@ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Prime Turkeys .

Fair to choice .

Chickens, choice .

Fair to good .

Fowls .

Ducks .

Geese .

Squabs, dozen .

21

@

22

17

(a)

20

20

@

24

14

rot

15

12

@

14

10

@

15

12

(<t

17

@2

1.50

COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS.

Veal calves . — @ 11

Common to good . 7 @ 10%

Pork . 5 !4 @ 7 %

Roasting Pigs, lb . 10 @ I2y,

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots; single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda, ton . — @52.00

Muriate of Potash . — @42 00

Dried Blood . — @55.00

Kainit . — @12.00

Acid Phosphate . — @14.00

WILD GINSENG.

Northern . 7.00

Western . 6.75

Southern . 6.50

@ 7.50
@7.00
@6.75

PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.

Poultry. — The Thanksgiving market was
only fairly favorable. The weather Tuesday
and Wednesday was too warm, and some of
the stock that had been delayed came out
in poor condition. The better grades of
turkeys were mostly sold at fair prices, but
there were a good many small thin turkeys
not at all suitable for a holiday market. If
such poultry is to be shipped here at all it
will often do better on a general rather
than special market, but it is doubtful whether
there is ever real profit in shipping these birds
that ought to have two or three weeks more
of good feeding. Chickens were plentiful
enough to make the common run of stock
sell as low as 12 to 15 cents. The demand
for fancy grades was strong enough to put
prices at 20 cents or above.

Potatoes. — Choice new Bermudas are on
hand, bringing $6 or more per barrel.
Arrivals of European potatoes are increas¬
ing to such an extent as to weaken the
market on the general run of tubers. These
potatoes come in 168-lb. bags and most of
them have sold at $1.50 to $1.85. A few
Scotch brought $2. A $3 market appears to
be farther away than two weeks ago.

Apples. — Thanksgiving made a brisk de¬
mand for nice table fruit and improved the
trade in common grades, even down to culls,
used for mince pie and other Thanksgiving
cookery. Top grades of Spitzenburg, King
and McIntosh have brought $5.

Medicated Egos.— One of my neighbors has
been feeding his hens a homemade egg pro¬
ducer composed of beef scrap, red pepper,
fenugreek and several other ingredients which
are supposed to make hens happy and am¬
bitious. He has used too much fenugreek
or has mixed the dose so imperfectly that
some hens have got a surplus of this strong
smelling drug, as the fresh eggs are so
rank with fenugreek as to remind one of
“condition powder." Such strong flavored
ingredients should be used very sparingly.
One mistake of this sort would ruin the
reputation of a choice brand of eggs, and
even in a mixed lot will make trouble for the
dealer. It is doubtful whether a healthy hen
needs any such rank dose, and sick hens
should be kept by themselves and doctored.
This man was told that the mixture he fixed
up would “make a hen lav 200 eggs a year."
As his did not average 50 a year he thought
it worth trying, but has decided that the
fewer they lay the better if the eggs are to
taste like condition powders. Even good
brands of commercial beef scraps will flavor
an egg if fed heavily.

Egg Prices. — “Can one rely on the prices,
quoted in The R. N.-Y. for eggs in New
York markets. We are intending shipping
eggs this Winter and must have reliable in¬
formation as to prices.” b.

Erie Co., N. Y.

The figures given from week to week cover
the prices made by the egg quotation com¬
mittee of the N. Y. Mercantile Exchange.
These figures are based on supply and de¬
mand as indicated by business oh this ex¬
change. and are used as a guide by the
trade throughout the city, although there
are sales every week both above and below
the range of figures given. While the specu¬
lators in the produce trade are able to man¬
ipulate prices to some extent It Is not possi¬
ble to do this in just the wav that is done
on the stock exchange, as the actual con¬
sumptive demand for eggs makes itself felt
every day and tends to crowd out errors in
artificial prices. Another question some¬
times asked is whether these prices, made in
the city bv dealers are not a 1 wavs in favor
of the dealer at the expense of producer.
But the danger of unfairness is not so great
as might appear. If these neople were al¬
ways buyers and never sellers, the case
would be different, but they have to sell at
least nart of the time, hence are interested
in advanced as well as depressed prices, and
prices come nearer working themselves to a
fair level than might seem possible. Tt is
tb» purpose of The R. N.-Y. to give in the
weekly quotations figures representing the
actual conditions of trade, which mav be fair
to both buyer and seller and the information
gathered is carefully sifted and weeded with
this end in view. h.

FREE TO LADIES.
Handsome Holiday Offer.

This SOROSIS
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This bag retails
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_ lb.— say 5 lbs. for

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order 6 lbs. of our 50c. teas, any kind. Send order
and money by Registeied Mail.

NEW YORK CHINA & JAPAN TEA CO.,
309 Hudson St., New York City.

A TTP NTION -Needing male
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favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty,
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

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tien you pay us for it; If
not, send it back to us at
our expense of freight
charges, and you are not out one
cent, and you have had the use of
the separator free of any cost or
money deposit for thirty days, on free open account,
full credit trial. Wo let you be the judge in every par¬
ticular. We accept your decision without question of
any kind and without expense to you.

CUT THIS ADVERTISEMENT OUT and mall to US Of

on a postal card or In a letter say, “Send me your Free
Separator Catalogue’’ and our 3 Bi( Separator Cata¬
logues, our latest offer, all will go to you free by return
mail, postpaid. Write today sure. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO. ILL.

You never saw a
saw which saws
likethis saw saws

andlastsolong atime.

Frame of heavy angle
steel strongly
braced— absolutely
no shake. Patented— adjust¬
able, dust-proof, non-heating
oil boxes, etc. We make these

Appleton Wood Saws

in 6 styles— strong, simple, safe and successsful
and we make a 4-wheel mounting for wood
saws and gasoline engines which is unequalled
for convenience and durability. Saw your own
wood and save time, coal and money — then saw
vour neighbors’ wood and make $5 to $15 a Day.
We make the celebrated

HERO FRICTION FEED DRAG SAW

nothing like it— no other so good. Also feed
grinders, shellers, fodder cutters, buskers,
manure spreaders, farm trucks, windmills,
etc., all guaranteed full Appleton Quality.
Catalog free for the asking. Ask for it now.

APPLETON MANUFACTURING CO.
27 Fargo Street Batavia. Ill.. U. S. A.

Save % the Feed

Original Eureka Steam Feed Cooker will cook
a barrel of Feed in one-half hour. Requires
but little fuel. Saves labor. Tested to one
hundred pounds’ pressure. Been on the
market for 20 years. With proper care,
will last a lifetime.

Price No. 1 with 9 Flues . $19.50

“ “ 2 “ 13 “ . 20.50

We have a special No. 3 size, which is
tested to 100 pounds' pressure, and will de¬
velop 2 horse-power. Price $30.50.

KETTLE COOKERS

HingedCover extra$. 3 0
Coal Grate extra. . 1.85
1 elbow, )

1 length pipe, > free.

1 damper, )

You could not buy better
i i o ii.hu kettle cookers at any

’ price, as there is nothing better manufactured.

Farmers’ Favorite Feed Cooker

1 gals.

Price

15

$4.80

20

5.40

30

6.70

40

7.90

55

9.00

65

10.20

75

11.40

NO.

GAI.R.

SIZE

I.ENGTH

PRICE

CAPACITY

BOILER PIKE BOX

1

25

22x22x12

24 in.

$7.65

2

30

22x23x121$

24 in.

8.65

3

40

22x30x14

30 in.

10.10

4

50

22x36x15

36 in.

10.75

5

75

22x4Sxl7

4S in.

11.90

6

100

22x60x17

90 in.

13.25

Grate for Coal extra .

Furnished free, length pipe, damper and elbow. Can furnish
extra pans for boiling sap, sorghum, and preserving fruit, etc.

This is a very line cooker and is used extensively by butchers,
sugar makers, stockmen, dairymen and others.

Another Well-Known Feed Cooker

No. Length Capacity Price

0 6 ft. 6)jbbls. $12.00

1 6 ft. 4 *bbls. 10.25

2 4 ft. 3 bbls. 0.00

3 4 ft. lkbbls. 8.50

Elbow, length of pipe

and damper, free. Extra
pans at extra cost.
Catalogue No. 87 showing
lowest prices of most
everything used on the
farm. Send for it. We send
any cooker or any article shown In our new
mammoth catalogue on receipt of $1.00 to show
good faith. When received if not entirely satisfactory, leave it
with the freight agent and we will refund your $1.00 and pay

freight both ways. CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO.

547 Lawrence Square, • KALAMAZOO, MI0H.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches. Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited’

34 & 36 Little 12tlx St.. New York.

W A ]Si TED : YVe need
large quantities of

Fruits, Produce,
Poultry, Butter,
Eggs, Nuts, etc.

We can secure you top
market prices for these pro¬
ducts. Write to-day for our
illustrated booklet, mailed
free upon request, Also
shipping cards, stencil and
market reports.

F.H, KEELERS, CO.

104 Murray St., New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants/

2JV and 281 Washington Street, New York.

Game,

OUR SPECIALTIES:
1 Poultry ■

Mushrooms,

Furs,

| Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

Fancy Eggs.

Poultry for Holidays,

Apples, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

potatoes — Bliss, Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler,
1 Rose, Noroton, 85 kinds. C.W. Ford, Fishers, N.y!

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

DON’T THROW MONEY AWAY.

by selling your furs in the wrongplace. New York is
the greatest and best fur market in the world¬
s'6 helped to make it so. We want Skunk, Mink.
Raccoon, Rats, Opossum, Otter, Beaver, White
Weasel and all other furs. Top prices. Liberal as-
sortment. Check same day furs arrive. Send in your
name for price list, shipping tags, references, and full
information.

WM. EISENHACER & CO.,

507-509 West Broadway, New York, N.Y.

BETTER THAN AN INSTITUTE-Our School
Proposition for Farmers’ Families. School Agency
Room 1 255 W 104th St.. New York, N. Y. Enclose
stamp for booklet.

PILLING

MILK

FEVER

OUTFIT

FOR AIR TREATMENT

Postpaid with full directions $3. Most suc¬
cessful method known ; recommended by
United States Agricultural Department ;cures
97 per cent of the cases treated. Also a full
line of cattle instruments. Catalog free.
GEO. P. PILLING A SON, Philadelphia, Pa.

FOR SALE.

A Goulds Triplex Power Spraying outfit. Consists
of 2ki horse power, Fairbanks and Morse Gasoline
Engine complete, connected with Goulds Triplex
pump with all the latest improvements, two 25 foot
lines of best oil hose and all accessories. Mounted on
a 5 barrel half round tank, on a low wheeled truck;
team handles it easily. Fine for sawing wood ami
other power work. Used one season and good as ever.
Cost $275.00, will sell for $200.00, as machine is larger
than I want on my place. GILBERT SCUDDER,
Box 282, Huntington, ’New York.

f flfl ACRE Delaware Fruit and Poultry Farm
I wW 'for sale. House for 700 fowls, incubator
house, brooder house, yards, etc. Dwelling house. 10
rooms; 3 barns, with stables. Three never failing
drive wells. Peach orchard, appie orchard, pears,
plums and berries for home use. Price, $5,000.
Address, DELAWARE, care Rural New-Yorker.

Marvland

FARMS ARE MONEY-MAKERS FOR STOCK,
POULTRY, CORN, GRAIN, PEACHES, BERRIES
AND EARLY VEGETABLES. MILD WINTERS.
WRITE FOR BIG ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR
OF FARM BARGAINS. F. B. ALLEN, DRAWER
42, PRINCESS ANNE, MD. (3 YEARS FROM
OHIO.)

$5 TO $20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

- F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
lenn. Dept. C.

WE WILL PAY WEEKLY
Salary and Expenses to

successful Canvassers.
About a dozen men wanted at

once. Experience and very best
references required. Send ref¬
erences with application.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT,

409 Pearl Street, New York

TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

creases the value.

admits air to the soil. In-
Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile.
S~] Jackson’s Kouml Drain Tile meets every requirement. Wealso make Sewer
*".7 Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Write
for what you want and prices. JOIIN H. JACKSON, 76 Third Are., Alb»uj, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

889

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

Your Thanksgiving number is a grand one.
Long live The R. N.-Y., for it is the best
paper on earth ! Selah ! w. h. s.

New Jersey.

Almost every letter that comes in now¬
adays contains a word of praise for the
Thanksgiving Number. We have select¬
ed the above because it is brief, and ex¬
presses the general sentiment. We refer
to it because it shows that The R. N.-Y.
people know how to appreciate a good
thing. This issue seemed to be especial¬
ly appreciated by the people who saw
the Thanksgiving issue of some of the
other farm papers. The comparison sim¬
ply emphasized the superior quality of
The R. N.-Y., which from familiarity
may at times be overlooked in the reg¬
ular issues.

Another feature of our mail these days
is the great number of new subscrip¬
tions that are being sent in by our old
readers. Nearly one-half the letters that
come in bring with them one or more
of the ten-week trial subscriptions. These
and others are asking for the little en¬
velope which we have prepared to bring
back the name and the dime. Here is an
example of one from a Michigan friend:

Rind enclosed $2 for subscription to The
it. N.-Y . and I am pleased to say I have
received more for the amount than any $2
I ever spent. Send me a dozen of the ten-
week trial subscription envelopes, and I will
try to send them hack with new subscriptions.

1 have only been a subscriber to The R.
N.-Y. for two years, but you can just make
up your mind you have me for life. l. h.

Michigan.

Clean advertising columns appeal to
most of our people too. Here is one in¬
stance :

In these days of careless advertising it is
refreshing to find a paper that has some con
cern about the people who buy its space.
Even some of the religious papers are run¬
ning advertisements that you refuse. They
excuse themselves by saying they have no
facilities for investigating advertisers, but
they ought to know that “skillful eye and ear
specialists” are injuring people in other
ways besides robbing them of their money.
Everyone who buys goods by mail ought to
paste your list of discredits in his desk.
They are “queered” as far as I am concerned.

Massachusetts. c. a. b.

A Connecticut subscriber asks what we
think of a system for selecting laying
hens as advertised by a western concern
at one dollar each. You send a dollar
and a promise that you will keep the
secret, and in return get the instructions.
If you have “The Business Hen” you
don’t need the so-called system. We
would not accept such an advertisement
under any conditions. The promise of
secrecy is the attractive feature, but hard¬
ly worth an honest dollar.

We hope The R. N.-Y. merits the com¬
ments of the following letter:

As I am just getting the copies of The
it N.-Y. for the year together ready for
binding 1 cannot resist the temptation to
write a few words of appreciation, and pos¬
sibly of encouragement. I read nearly all
the leading agricultural and horticultural pa¬
pers- and magazines, and find good in each
one. hut honestly I would not trade The
R. N.-Y. for the whole lot. Perhaps the
one thing I most appreciate in The R. N.-Y.
is the note of human sympathy that charac¬
terizes its editorial pages. It is unique in
Ibis particular. I ha- e seen many a man of
great mental power fail to accomplish much
because he lacked in sympathy. The same
is true of numerous periodicals. They are
brilliant, — and that is all. When I read
The R. N.-Y. I feel that I not only get the
best, mentally and practically, but in addi¬
tion receive the helpfulness and inspiration
that comes from a clear understanding and
a genuine desire to be helpful. It would
be difficult to tell how much this means to
me. Of course I understand the value of the
various departments and especially the guar¬
anteed advertising pages, and have been ma¬
terially helped by them — for which accept
my thanks.

Enclosed please find 10 cents for trial trip
to a friend, as noted. Hope to send others
soon. Wishing you all possible success and
continued usefulness, I remain, w. h. m.

Connecticut.

Editing and publishing The R. N.-Y.
is our life work, if such a pleasant task
can be called work. To us it is cheering
and fascinating beyond any play of school
days or sport of manhood. The duties,
trying and exacting as they are, often
leave us exhausted and fatigued at the
end of the day. but the morning finds us
returning to them with a zest and en¬
thusiasm. If the human sympathy with
our readers and genuine desire to be
hHpf'd to our subscribers failed to mani¬
fest themselves in our columns then we
would indeed feel that we had failed to
impress our pages with the purpose of
our work.

One more word : This week about our
new book, “The Farmer’s Garden.” We

are getting it ready to mail you, the day
your subscription renewal is received. We
expect to have them all wrapped
ready to put on your name and address
so that it can go to you the day we re¬
ceive your renewal. We also want to ask
you to send renewal as early in Decem¬
ber as possible. The last of the month
is always a busy time, and the early
renewal will save delays and errors.

We also want you to speak to your
neighbors about the new book as well as
The R. N.-Y. If you send his name and
his dollar, he will also get “The Farmer’s
Garden,” and for your trouble we will
send you something that will please you
Try it and see.

Another “Freemartin.” — On page 819
under the bead of freemartins, several cases
of the breeding or barren cases of twin calves
are mentioned. I have an Alderney cow that
gave birth to twin calves seven years ago,
one being made and the other female. The
male was sold for veal, the heifer raised.
She had a calf when two years of age, and
every year since. The sire was Holstein,
consequently this cow is half Alderney and
Half Holstein. She never bore twins, but
good vigorous calves. This is the only case
I can vouch for. h. e. b.

New Paltz, N. Y.

Safety and Ease

and comfort in shaving
are found only in the
soothing lather of the
old reliable

WILLIAMS’ tH8TU

Sold everywhere Free trial sample
for2-cent stamp Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

CRESCENT

STOCK FOOD

Is not intended to be fed alone like grain ;
but in small doses mixed with other feed.

A tablespoonful is the average dose. It
is highly concentrated. It is a high grade
condition powder and more, it makes the
food taste better and improves the appe¬
tite. It stimulates the the flow of the di"
gestive juices and aids digestion, thus
preventing mincing and getting off feed.

It contains tonics to tone up and strength-

Ben the entire system, laxatives toregxilate
the bowels, and iron to purify the blood.

It makes the coat sleek and glossy and
puts theanimal in the best of health. With¬
out good health and unless every organ
is working right, no animal can do its
best and do what you keep them for, make
a profit for you. CRESCENT STOCK
FOOD will make every animal on your
farm more thrifty and that means more
profit for you. Originated and sold by a
practical stockman who knows from ex¬
perience that it is way ahead of all others.

If your dealer won’t supply you, 1 will-
Send to-day for free sample and prices.

Charles Buchan,

STANLEY, N. Y.

■ uum mm hmct;—

Healthy Mated Homers, 85e. pair. Pheasants, Pea

rocks, quail, Ferrets. Standard Poultry, Indian Runner, Mallard
Ducks, 90c, setting, atamp, FEUD. SUDOW, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

BOURBON RED TURKEYS fete

write J. P. McJANNETT, Cheshire, K. Y,

WRIGHT’S

each

WHITE WYANDOTTE Choice
Cockerels. Dustor, Strain. $1 to $1.50
GRAND VIEW FARM, StanfordviUe, N. Y.

BLUE RIBBON

Strain of choice Plymouth Rocks. Fine Barred Pullet-
bred Cockerels for sale. Also, pairs, trios, and breed¬
ing pens. H. C. HAND, Amagansett, N. Y.

MRS. WINSLOW’S

SOOTHING SYRUP

has been used by Millions of Mothers for their 1
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. <
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays (
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best <
remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

CONSUMPTION

STIFF AND SORE

from head to foot? Can’t work
today, but tomorrow you can,
as the Old-Monk-Cure

R

St. Jacobs Oil

will soften and heal the
muscles while you sleep.

It Conquers Pain

Price, 25c. and JOc.

EGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.

Hi'. Ss’PHf 'It I? A 1? VI f Sn/linnnt

MELROSE STOCK FARM,

Cincinnatus, N. Y.

MALE ANjJ FE-
M A LE EL K at

FOR SALE _ ..

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

Ffl R Q A I C— Choice Scotch Collie Pups and White
I Ufl OHLL Wyandotte Cockerels. J. H. VANDEN
BOSCH, Jr., R. D. 7, Auburn, N. Y.

RADDCn HUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

Ro(,ks. white Wyandottes. White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County. Penna.

DARTRIDGE WYANDOTTES. pure blood, for sale;
1 a few cockerels only. Price reasonable. Address
J, E. CHRISCADEN, Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y.

90

Avar's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 00 p. book.'lOc
Ratesfree. J A. HERGKY,Box8,Telford.Pa,

EMPIRE STATE S. G. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, 1904.
Cockerels and pullets, five months old. $1 each. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

Bronze Turkeys, also White Holland
Turkeys, Single and Rose Comb Buff
Orpingtons, R. C. Buff Leghorns, S. C. Brown Leg¬
horns, Barred P. Rocks, White Wyandottes and R. C.
Black Minorcas. D. J. KENEPP, McVeytown. Pa.

FOR SALE

n,c Natural
Incubator

is the incubator of right air con¬
ditions — Natural because it most
nearly approaches Nature’s way. No poison¬
ous gases to stifle chicks. Walls of hard glazed
compressed paper board, (such as is used for
car-wheels) making the lightest, strongest, most
durable incubator in the world. Walls CAN¬
NOT WARP, CRACK NOR SPLIT, as all oth¬
ers do. Compound heater ; perfect regulator;
no supplied moisture required.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT
to all points east of the Mississippi. Don’t buy
an incubator until you get out Free Catalog.

Perpetual Hen Co.
2 t Escher St.,

M&mifac- Incubator* & Brooders,
tur.r»of Trenton, N.J.

YERYTH1NG FOR POULTRY.

Our Catalogue, 228 pages, (8x11) is a valuable
guide to money-making poultry success. De¬
scribes all needed articles. We make them,
including the new 1906-pattem

.STANDARD CYPHERS INCUBATOR

*SoId on 90 Days Trial. Guaranteed to hatch
More and Healthier Chicks than any other.
Catalogue free if you mention this paper and send addresses of
two persons interested in Poultry. Write nearest office.

CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., Kansai City or S*a Francisco. *

Successful

Incubators

Tried, proven under all conditions.
They’ll hatch the most and strong-
cstch^ksfor y°u. Take no chances.
Get Successful Incubators and
Brooders and make failure impossible. Incubator and
Poultry Catalog Free. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
Small Chicks,” 10c. 60c poultry paper one year, 10c.

Pee Moines Incubator Co. Pep 90. Pea Moines, la..

A Free Book About

Incubators

We issue the best book ever written on
incubators — written by a man who has
spent 24 years in perfecting them— by the
man who made the Racine. It tells facts
that you must know to get the right incu¬
bator. Don’t buy without reading it. for
the book is free. We Pay the Freight.
Racine Hatcher Co., Box 87, Racine, WIs.

Warehouses : Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Paul.

A doctor always in
the stable — Pratts
Veterinary Colic Cure.
One dose cures —

you can’t afford to be
without it.

N EGG FACTORY

A i

must be furnished the proper raw
materials to keep going to its full
capacity. HARVEY’S Electric
Poultry Food will keep your hens busy in
winter when eggs are high— lots more money
in winter eggs; you ought to feed for it.
Write for our free catalogue — tells how.
Harvey Seed Co., 88 EUIcott St., Buffalo, N.Y.

D ft 111

rUUL I If

(POULTRY L I N E — Fencing, Feed, Incu-5
jbators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— )
jit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the!
j asking — it's worth having. ,

i Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dep i . i ; . 26 & 28 Yesey Street. New York City. (

oooooooooooooooooocooooco;

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS.-Breeder
of thoroughbred stock. Barred, Buff and White
Rocks. R. O. and S C. W., B, and Buff Leghorns; W
and B. Minorcas; Golden, Silver, Buff and W. Wyan
dottes; R. C. and S. 0. Blue Andalusians, Hamburgs
Anconas. W. G. MOSHER, Sylvania, Penna

SQUABS

are raised in one month: : f 5 fJPT
bring big prices. Money
makers tor poultrymen,
farmers, women.

Send for our Frkk Book and learn this
rich industry. Correspondence invited ffffV

Plymouth Rock Squab Co.,

335 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa,

CholceStock forSale.— Rocks, Wyandottes, Leghorns
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks and Guineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs, sample mailed. 5c.: dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J .

ROSE Comb B. Leghorns exclusively; pure bred
cockerels at reasonable prices, thrifty and farm
range. I. C. HAWKINS, Chester, N. Y.

WINTER POULTRY SCHOOL.

Rhode Island College of Agriculture and
Mechanic Arts,

Only 4lc hours from New York. Enroll early.
Course begins January 2,1906. For circulars address
Pres. K. L. Butterfield, Kingston, R. I.

PINELAND

INCUBATORS

HATCH GREATEST N I'M IS Eli
OP FINEST CHICKS.

BROODERS

HAVENEVEliBEEN EQUALED

FIDELITY FOOD

FOR FOWLS AND CHICKS

Used everywhere by practical poultrymen and
specialists fanciers with unfailing success Insures
perfect health and promotes rapid growth,

Concise Catalogue from

PINELAND INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.,

Box D.D., Jamesburg, N. J., U. S. A.

$ I O'80 For
I 200 Egg
SINCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III

Wonderful Hatcher

You can almost
count your chick¬
ens before they
hatch if you use the

“Sure Hatch”

Incubator

For every hatch

able egg will give - . .

you a healthy chick, just as sure
as you’re born. Th ecertainty of
the "Sure Hatch” is what gave this famous
incubator its name. You can take off 85
per cent hatches and better every 30 days
with a “Sure Hatch.”

And there’s money in chicken raising
when you get it down to a certainty. When
you can figure up a profit of $12.00 to $15.00
per month on each machine you operate.

We sell our 1906 “Sure Hatches” for
S7.SO and up on 60 Days’ Trial, Freight
Fully Prepaid by Us. Take off two trial
hatches. Count your chicks. You will find
a chick for every egg except those not hatch-
able. No other incubator on the market will
show results like that — comparative tests
prove it! Write for Free Catalogue.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY

Box 444 Clay Center, Neb. Dept. 14 Indianapolis, Ind.

F YOU WANT EGGS

Lots of them, feed green bone fresh cut, rich In protein and all other egg elements. Get twice
the eggs, more fertile eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier biefiers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.

MANN’S LATboJeMcutteR 10 Pays Free Trial. N°XT„ecye!“

Makes bone cutting simple, easy and rapid. Try it and see. Open hopper, automatic feed. Cuts
all bone with adhering meat and gristle. Never clogs. Don’t buy until you try it. Oat’Ig free.

F. W. MANN CO., Box IS Milford, Mass,

89o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 9,

Live Stock and Dairy.

SILAGE AND BRAN FOR COW FEED.

I have been told that several years ago
you had a picture of a man's barn in Penn¬
sylvania and an article from him about his
keeping cows on silage and one pound of
bran to one quart of milk that each cow
gave. I would very much like to get in
communication with that man, as 1 am farm¬
ing on the same line; that is, I am keeping
80 head of registered Jerseys and three
horses on less than 40 acres. Of course I
have to buy some hay and all my grain feed.
This year I had 25 acres of corn, and it was
so large that I could have tilled another silo
besides the two that I have. Shall I cut out
the hay and build another silo and feed si¬
lage three times a day, and grain? If I can
then I shall reach that happy goal of one
cow to the acre. h. l. M.

Trumansburg, N. Y.

We gave such an account about 12 years
ago. This dairyman fed corn silage alone
for roughage, with no hay. lie also fed
one pound of wheat bran for each quart
of milk that a cow gave, scattering the
bran over the silage. We advised him to
use part cotton-seed meal. We have lost
track of the experiment, but shall be glad
to hear from this man or others who have
tried the plan. We should expect cows to
do better with part dry fodder, and from
our experience would prefer to shred some
of the dry stalks and feed with the silage.

THE BALKY HORSE .

I have had some experience with al¬
most all kinds of horses, and a balky
horse I find the most provoking I have
ever had in my possession. Horses are
so different in disposition that it takes a
good horseman to understand just how to
handle each animal. In my experience I
find that the balky horse had been spoiled
by a poor driver, or by some one who
did not understand how to handle that
kind of animal which is usually of a con¬
trary nature. Like some men, they want
their own way or no way at all. I find
it best to study the disposition of the
horse, and if I see that he is a naturally
contrary animal I try all the kindness
possible, and never lose my own temper.
A good, sound thrashing will do some¬
times but with a naturally contrary horse
I seldom use a whip, only to straighten
him up, and then more in the stable than
when he is hitched. When you want him
to stand over tell him so with a firm “Get
over;” not a yell, but so he will know
what you mean, or to back up in stall.
Use him firmly 50 he will know that you
mean what you say, and do not say too
much. I use a good blacksnake whip,
because I can handle it the best. If I
cannot make him do what I want him to,
after several days’ training, I take him on
a good sod field, plenty of room ; tie up
his left front foot firmly with a good
strap, so that the foot is up to the body,
then I put a good strap on the right foot
just above the hoof, and over his back;
then I take a firm hold of the strap with
right hand, and at the bit with left hand
and I tell him to get up, and as he does
so I pull up the foot. Down he goes on
both knees; then is your time to stay by
him. Don’t let go ; he will go down on
his side if you stay by him long enough.
Then get on his head quick and keep him
there till he will lie quiet. Let him up,
put him down again till you are sure he
is under your control ; then if you hitch
him put no load behind him, and put him
with a good, true horse so he will learn
how to go, but do not use the whip if
possible, and in time with good firm usage
you have a good horse. I swapped for
one several weeks ago that would work
all right till it would come to a hard pull,
then she would quit. I am getting her
so I can haul 25 bushels of coal over these
hills by severe use of the blacksnake whip,
but it • will take several months yet to
get her so she will be a true puller. I
only give them a short pull so they can
start easy again, and when I tell them
to start I mean that they should go, not

with a jerk, but a good steady pull, and
both together; hold your lines so they
must start at the same time. The man
who tries to break a balky horse would
better break himself of losing his tem¬
per, and gather up all the horse sense
that he can find in his topknot; then be
determined to break the horse or break
himself of his bad habits if it does take
him a year. _________ J- g. K-

WINTER CARE OF HENS.

Our fowls are pure S. C. White Leghorns,
and we are now getting into Winter quarters.
After being put in they are kept there until
the warm days come in the Spring. We put
50 in a pen, allowing four square feet for a
fowl. We never put young and old fowls
together in the same pen, as they never do
well if kept together. In selecting the young
stock to be kept we reject all birds which are
deformed in any way or are lacking in vigor.
Our ideal bird for laying Is one which is
rather long on the back, is deep, with 'legs
set well apart; and is active, having a good
appetite and willing to hustle for herself.
During the Winter, while the fowls are con¬
fined, we give them a light feed of wheat
and oats scattered well in the straw which
covers the floors of the pens. At noon we
give them all the warm mash they will eat
in five minutes, taking away what is left after
that time. At night we give all the corn and
wheat they will eat; this is also scattered
in the litter. We give green food of some
sort each day, either cabbage or mangels.
The cabbages we hang from above so that they
are clean until all eaten, and the fowls get
exercise picking at them. A hen must have
plenty of exercise, when confined to keep in
good health and produce many eggs. Fresh
water is kept before them at ail times and
during cold weather it is warmed. When
we can get it we feed green bone and meat,
about one ounce per day to a fowl. We have
a power cutter and do our own cutting with
a two-horse tread power. We find that meat
and bone makes a very cheap food as well as
being an excellent egg producer.

D. F. ARNOLD.

When you write advertisers mention Tiik
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

JERSEYS — 3 Bulls 10 to 12 mos.,3 Heifers 2 mos.

old; all solid color, good. Sire a “Pure St
Lambert.” J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster, Pa

FOR SALE

Registered Jersey calves of both sexes, well bred, solid
colored and good individuals. One bull fit for service.

J, GRANT MORSE,

Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Spring and fall litters of EZITT andHIGHCLERE
strains, for sale. B. E. HUNT, Reading Centre, N. V.

POTCUini H Lincoln and Leicester

OU I W If ULUl Rams; also a few Ootswold
ewes. L. R. KUNEY; Adrian, Michigan.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock ; prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ. East Pliarsalia, N. Y.

Reg. P. Chinas, BerKshires anrCThitcs*

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
inCalf. Hamilton & Co., I'Ircildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLOR ETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N Y
State Fair in 1003. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— aiso
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop. Marbledale, Conn.

RFRKQIIIRE CniAfQ A few E°°d ones
DEIfAdnlnC dll VI dl cheap from my im¬
ported boar and well bred dam*. R. P. ISHANNON,
907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

RFfi fl I H RWINF of al1 ages- Both

IlLUi Ui li Ui dlllliL sexes from the right
place. CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle. Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

SHROPSHIRE RAMS. JS&SaSbJs:

avy wooled.

FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.
FOR SALE — At a i,arKam, 50 Hampshire Ewes

1 ,, L'*?. .. and Lambs and some Rams. Must

sell. F. B. CONINE, Kanona, N, Y.

KENTUCKY JACKS

AND STALLIONS.

One hundred head of

Jacks, Jennets, Saddle
and Trotting Stallions.

for sale reasonable,

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.
Branch barn, Marlon, Kansas.

IS

AIM PIG8, August and September farrow,
Ua la Ui also mature sows. Bred and registered;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. W1TMER, Union

Deposit, Pa.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES gsrE

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BKOOK s> TOOK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

Shropshire
cockerels.
Lack, Pa.

CHESTER WHITES AND CHESHIRES.

Choice young boars and sows bred from mature
prize winning stock. ED. S. HILL, Freeville, N. Y.

FUR ROBES, COATS, MITTENS

at first cost. Ship us your cattle, horse, mule and
animal skins. We tan and manufacture to order. Soft,
pliable, wind, water and moth proof. Samples free.
Galloway coats and robes for sale at wholesale prices.

Milford Robe & Tanning Co., Milford, Indiana

.SEND US
'ft COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,
Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let ua tan it with the hair on,
soft, light , odor less and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first

get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags and
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

f THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY.
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

COOK YOtJR FEED and SAVQ
■*- Half the Cost— with the w

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minnte. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and

Laundry Stoves. Walor and Steam
Jackot Kettle., Hog Scalders, Cal*
drons, ate. as* Send for circulars.
D. It. SPERRY A OO., Batavia. Ill.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS

CHATTEL MORTGAGE SALE! <

1 have recently bought a large herd of registered
Holsteins, some at chattel mortgage sale at a
great bargain. I can quote these prices:

Registered H. F. cows, value 8100, my price, 875

. 11125, ” ” SHOO

” f 1150, ” ” 11125

” SS175, ” ” 11150

’’ 8200, ” ” $175

Registered service bulls, value $100, my price
$60 to $75.

270 Head to select from 27C

CMilk from hord tested over 4# A 0 n p
• fat for the past season. |f • vi

Handsome illustrated circulars sent free.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N, Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndykd Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices o»
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N. Y.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

DON’T

LET

HIM

SUFFER

SEND
TO-DAY
ABSOLUTELY
PURE
ONLY POSITIVE

AND

PERMANENT

CURE

MINERAL

4gj Fourth i

_ HEAVE
Fourth Avenue.

Sent post paid on
receipt of price.

AGENTS WANTED M

REMEDY COMPANY

I'lITSBUBUU. PA.

Dr. Holland's Medi¬
cated Stock Salt

has no rival ai a Conditioner and
Worm Destroyer. ▲ true remedy
for the ills of stock. Health, Thrift
and Rapid Growth nro the results
of its use. Guaranteed to accom¬
plish what is claimed for it. Tea
(10) feeds for a cent.

THE HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, WELLINGTON, OHIO.
Write for Booklet. Agents Wanton

t DEATH TO HEAVES

NBWTON’B Heave, Cough, Dis*
temper and Indigestion Cora*

A veterinary specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends. $1.00 per
can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

The Newton KcmedyCo.i
Toledo, Ohio.

Insure your stock
from Worms — Pratts
Specially Prepared
Worm Powder is quick
in action and has a
tonic effect. Ask for
Pratts.

4p,

WOODLAND

—Shorthorn Cattle and
Tunis Sheep. W. I_
WOOD, Williamsport, O."

WORMS

i are now In season. They are quickly
eradicated by

Summers’
Worm Powders

Thirty Years’ Popularity; Dead Shot
every time; Largest Saif. 7-lb. pkg.,
$1.00; 3-lb. pkg., 50c. Of all Druggists or

F. S. BURCH 5 CO.

177 Illinois Street, Chicago, Ill.

Illustrated Catalogue of
Stockmen’s Supplies Free.

Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
FOUR O ITS IN ONE

Cure* Kickers, Runaways, Fullers,
Shyer*, etc. Send for lilt on Ten
Days* Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof, J.Q. Beery, Pleasant Hill, Ohio.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

MYER & SON, Brldgevlllo, Del.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

H

IGHLAWN FARM

HI6H CUSS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddamand
sire’s dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-pago illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

FAHM

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, Poughquag, N. Y.

HILLHURST FA KM HOLSTEINS

Premier sire, Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol Jr.,
35135. The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.

BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.
Write for pedigrees and photographs,

RIVEN B U lvG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to seo
them. Iz5 to select from. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.'’

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. COItTKLYOU, Neshanic, N. J

If you are going "f ~^T 'TTVT BULL, and will write us

to buy a .1 E,*- Ji 1 *J just what you want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brotliers-IIastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Laeona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM,

LAFAYETTE, INDIANA.

J. CROUCH & SON, Proprietors

Largest Importers of Oldenburg German Coach, Pcrcheron and Belgian
Stallions in America. Have Imported 357 head in the last fifteen months.
We won all possible prizes shown for and Grand Championship with
our German Coachers and Belgians at the Lewis & Clark Exposition,
Portland, Oregon, at the American Royal Live Stock Show, Kansas City,
Missouri, and at the Toronto Exposition at Toronto, Canada, and all the leading State Fairs and Horse
Shows in the United States in the last two years. We have the prize winners of the world and our prices
are no higher than others. Write us for further information. J. CROUCH & SON, LaFayette,
Indiana, Staunton, Virginia and Nashville, Tennessee.

W© have just received In our Barns from Europe, lOO Head of HIGH CLASS GERMAN
COACH, PERCHERON aud BELGIAN STALLIONS.

r

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

89 1

FARM AND DAIRY NOTES.

Cow Gives Bloody Milk.

I would like to have a remedy for a very
good milch cow, which gives bloody milk out
of oue (eat. It began about six weeks ago.
The milk from that one teat loks like red
paint sometimes, while at other times it is
only, a light pink color. About four days
ago it was so clotted and the udder on the
left side was so swollen and painful that
the teat could not be milked clean. The
cow runs on second crop prairie grass during
the day and gets about half a peck of bran a
day. with all the good water she wants. She
is kept In a cow yard with two others dur¬
ing the night. The cow seems to he well
otherwise. We would like to cure this case
as the cow is very valuable. d. c. l.

Hoyt, Kan.

This is probably caused by an injury to
the udder, as the feed you arc giving the
cow ought not to cause the trouble. The
best thing to do is to keep the quarter
milked out as thoroughly as possible.
Bathe it in as hot water as can be borne
for 10 to 15 minutes at a time twice a day,
and rub very dry. After bathing rub on
some vaseline and work or manipulate the
udder all you can, and milk out thor¬
oughly after this milking. A gentle but
persistent rubbing will do much to reduce
the inflammation and permit you to get
out all the clotted milk.

Concerning Garget.

Kindly give me some information on gar¬
get. I am having lots of trouble in our
dairy herd with it. What is the cause? Is
there a positive cure? Slate first symptoms.
I have tried dozens of treatments with little
or no success. Is it contagious? What ef¬
fect, if any, does it have on quarters not
affected? l. w. c.

Bailey Sta., Tenn.

Garget is an inflammation of the udder,
and may affect one quarter or more at a
time. Sometimes it is confined to the
teat. There are a number of causes, such
as injuries, as by kicking, being stepped
upon by other cows, being hooked by
other cattle, lying on cold and wet floors
or frozen ground. These latter more
often occur when the cow is fresh and
udder distended. The more common
cause in my opinion is injudicious feeding,
either too much of a one-sided ration —
too much cornmeal, hominy, gluten or cot¬
ton-seed meal will cause garget. There
is also an infectious garget, beginning
usually with a slight swelling at the teat
opening, a scab forms and it is almost
impossible to draw the milk; then it is
clotted, the quarter becomes hard and is
ruined. Ordinary garget caused by im¬
proper feeding can usually be detected be¬
fore it has done much harm. The quarter
will feel warm and perhaps hot. The
teat will have a smooth, velvety feeling
that is unnatural. As soon as these
symptoms are discovered stop grain feed
for a day or two, and bathe the udder in
hot water. Rub the quarter gently but
firmly, and wipe very dry after bathing to
prevent cold. Milk out the quarter thor¬
oughly. These directions followed have
often caused cure in 12 to 24 hours. After
it has run several days it is much more
difficult to cure, but 1 know of nothing
better than hot water, rubbing on vaseline
after drying. The best thing we have
found for the infectious garget is to keep
end of teat well greased with carbonated
vaseline, working a little up into the teat
opening. Ordinary garget is not conta¬
gious, and generally only one quarter is
affected, and if cured this quarter is more
liable to cause trouble again. Preventive
measures are best, and if you arc having
lots of it find the cause, which I imagine
is the feed they are getting, and change
this to a more healthful ration.

Possibly Cowpox.

I have a cow that has been troubled with
sore teats for three months. The first thing
I notice is a lump which seems to form under
the skin. A day later it breaks and forms a
raw sore. I have used a salve which heals
the sores, but does not stop the trouble. I
have also used some blood powders with
the same result. I notice a slight touch of
the same trouble in one of my other cows.
Can you give me any idea what the trouble
may be or suggest a remedy? w. e.

Newfoundland. N. J.

From your description I should think
your cow had cowpox, but it ought not to
have lasted as long as you state. We
have had it break out several times, but it
usually lasts but a short time. Some heal¬
ing ointment having carbolic acid in it is
the best that I can suggest. Cows having
such trouble should be milked last, and the
hands carefully washed after milking.

Cowpox is a germ disease, and spreads by
milking cows that have it and others after¬
wards without washing the hands.

Ration for Milch Cows.

Will you give me information regarding
feeding cows, milk being the product? I
feed four pounds cottonseed meal, three
pounds hominy, three pounds brau, corn fod¬
der and hay ; but by December 1 open my
silo which is one-quarter beaus and three-
quarters corn. IIow much of this should I
feed per day, with the cornstalks and grain?

Greenwich, Conn. e. p.

The mixture of Soy beans and corn
makes a good silage, and this with the
feeds mentioned can be combined into a
good ration :

Carbo-

I’roteins hydrates
20 lbs. corn and Soy bean

silage . 32 2.00

10 lbs. mixed hay . 56 4.05

8 lbs. corn stover . 14 2.50

3 lbs. hominy . 24 1.80

2 lbs. wheat bran . 25 .81

2 lbs. cotton-seed meal . . .80 .41

Fat

.14

.06

.06

.24

.06

.10

Total . 2.31 12.26 .75

This may be more hay and stover than
they will eat up reasonably clean; if so,
cut down the coarse fodders until they
eat them greedily.

Another Milk Ration.

Will you give me the amounts for a prop¬
erly balanced ration to produce a large flow
of milk from the following: Cut and crushed
cornstalks (dry), wet brewers' grains, corn
and cob meal, linseed meal, cotton seed meal,
wheat bran. Is there any of the above I
can omit and still have a good ration, or is
there anything I can substitute for any of
the above-mentioned foods. I desire the
best possible ration at the least possible cost
to produce the best results. The corn fodder
and corn and cob meal I produce myself, and
other foods cost as follow’s: wet brewers'
grains, $6 per ton: linseed meal. $30; cotton¬
seed meal, $28 ; wheat bran, $20. J. a. w.

Asbury, N. J.

From the feeds mentioned you can
make in theory at least a perfectly bal¬
anced ration as follows :

Carbo-

Protein

1ml i

•ates

Fat

20

Ills.

corn storer .

. 34

6

.48

.14

20

lbs.

wet brewers’ grains. .78

1

.86

.28

4

I1)S.

corn and cob

meal. .18

O

,40

.07

2

ills.

wheat bran .

. 25

.81

.06

3

lbs.

linseed meal

1.

.04

.19

L’olal

. 2.43

12.

,59

.74

This is, however, more grain than we
like to feed for a daily ration, but not
more dry matter than they should have.
The cost of purchased feed would be 12j/2
cents per day, which is not excessive
when one must purchase nearly every¬
thing. We believe this ration would pro¬
duce a large flow of milk and keep the
animals in good condition, that is in good
flesh, provided sweet and clean brewers’
grains were used. Cotton-seed meal could
be used instead of the linseed, using only
two pounds per day instead of three of
linseed. This would cheapen the ration
slightly. When one feeds this amount of
grain the animals must be watched care¬
fully, or they will be off feed frequently,
and liable to garget. It is hard work to
make up a satisfactory ration when corn
stover is the only coarse fodder used. If
possible we prefer some hay of some kind
daily, even if only a slight amount, and
know it is appreciated by the cow. I
should like to have you report the result
of using this ration as suggested.

H. G. MANCHESTER.

Climax Carrier.

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

CHAIN

HANGING

STANCHION

AY B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forest.ville,Conn.

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,
Forestville. Conn.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bin to manger, carries manuro from all
stablings to same pile or dumps oa wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

There is Nothing Uncommon About
a MILK WAGON,

BUT THE

PARSONS
“ LOW-
DOWN”

MILK

WAGON

IS AN UN-
COM MON

GOOD MILK WAGON FOR THE MONEY.
Send at once for Catalogue to the

PARSONS “LOW-DOWN" WAGON WORKS,

EARLVILLE, N. Y.

DE LAVAL SEPARATORS

SAVE THE MOST CREAM

No creameryman today thinks of operating his
creamery without a cream separator In order to
make his business pay he must use a cream separator,
and it must be the one which saves the most cream.
If he is buying cream instead of whole milk he is par¬
ticular in seeing that his patrons use only the best
separators. In order for him to make good butter his
patrons must deliver good cream. This is why over
98 per cent, of the world’s creamervmen today use
DE LAVAL machines exclusively, — why the
biggest and most successful creamery concerns advise
their patrons to use the DE LAVAL and no other.
They know by experience that the DE LAVAL will
save the dairy farmer the most cream, save it in the
best condition, wear longest and prove most profitable.
If you own three or more cows a DE LAVAL
machine will lessen your work and expenses fully one-
half and double your profits. The Cream Separator is
just as necessary in successful dairy operation as it is
in the case of the creamery. To get all the profits
from your cows you must first get all the cream and
that, means using a DE LAVAL machine. The
creameryman knows from years of actual experience, —
why not follow his example and get in line today for a
DE LAVAL separator by writing for our illus¬
trated catalogue ot farm and dairy machines.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR GO.

Randolph 4 canal Sts.

CHICAGO

74 CORTLANDT ST
NEW YORK

a

(3). Half the work saved, because

ll Mil w Nfc# _ _ _ _ 5 In a few words, you gain this by using

7 Wlf ilrtT I Oil toiSlITl Tubular: (1). One-quarter to one-half more
" ™ ™ m ■ cream, because Tubulars skim by centrifugal

force, which is thousands of times stronger than the force of gravity that makes cream
rise in pans. (2). One-half to twice as much for butter, because Tubulars remove dirt
and bacteria, thus making gilt-edge butter possible,
you finish skimming five minutes after milk¬
ing, feed warm skimmed milk at barn, and
have only the can of cream to care for. Write
today for catalog W-153. It tells all plainly.

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO.

TORONTO, CAN. "EST CHESTER, PA. CH.CAQO, ILL.

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. For I nfor-
uiatioa about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Co., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

m

juuuuuumuumvuut

Your

We want you to put Dr. Hess Stock Food to a test. We know what it will do
but we want you to know it. We know that Dr. Hess Stock Food given with the
regular ration will make more milk of a better quality, and in sufficient quantity
to leave a surprising margin above the extra cost. Just take two cows giving
approximately the same pounds of milk; add to the ration of one the small doses
of Dr. Hess Stock Food as prescribed. Let the other drag along in the same old
Now we guarantee that

way.

HESS STOCK P

.1 positively produce a bigprofit. Besides makingcows give more milk Dr. Hess Stock
ad increases the digestive capacity of market stock, shortening the feeding neriod in

5?

will _ _

Food increases the digestive capacity of market stock, shortening the feeding period 30
days at the very least, besides curing au,d preventing many forms of stock disease.
Stockmen must remember that it is not the amount of food consumed but the amount
digested that produces the profit. Increasing the powers of digestion and assimilation
according to the best medical authorities can only be produced by the action of bitter
a. ionics, iron, and other medicinal ingredients such as are contained iu Dr. Hess
Stock Food, the prescription of Dr. Hess (M. D., D V S.). The ingredients
of Dr. Hess Stock Food are recommended by the Veterinary Colleges and
t It e Farm Papers. Recognized as a medicinal tonic and laxative
by our own Government, and sold 01. a written guarantee at

per pound in 100 lb. sacks: f Except In Canada
__ .. .. .. < and extreme

25 ID. pail $1.60 ( West and South.

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog. Less than a penny a
day for horse, cow or steer.

If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

Remember, that from the lot to the 10th of each month. Dr. Hess will furnish
veterinary advice and prescriptions free if you will mention this paper, state what
stock you liave, also what stock food you have fed, and enclose two cents for re¬
ply. In every package of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that
entitles you to this free service at any time.

l»r. Hess stock (took free, if you mention this paper, state how much stock you
have and wliat kind of stock food you have uised.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

Instant Louse Killer Kins Uce

cSE

892

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 9, 1905.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 percentcommission

to get orders for our celebrated Te«n
Coffees, Spires, Extracts and Beking
Powder. Beautiful PreeeutB and Coupons
with every purchase. CHARGES PA1U
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 2<*9, SI -S3 Vesey Rt., New York

BALE YOUR HAY.

A Reliable

Hand Hay Press

12 Sizes.

Manufactured only by

HOBSON & CO., 12 State Street, New York.

GUTTERS

■ ICRS.

AND SHREDDERS
FOR ENSILAGE & DRV
FODDER. Also Latcst
Improvements in-Car-
HARDER MFC. CO., Box 11, Cobltsklll. N. I.

DERRICK OIL CO.

Box 52. Titusville, Pa.

elite oil.

A high grade, perfect
burning oil. Never
fails to please where
a clear, strong light is
desired. Made from
Pure Pennsylvania
Crude. Write for par-
ticulars and prices.

Wire F ence 90c

48-in. stock fence per rod only “ 7**
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.
Catalog of fences , tools and supplies FREE.
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.
MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg. O,

If You Could Buy

a a out try Fence that would turn
ail stock and outlast the posts at
the price common nettings,
wouldn't you do ltd The PACK
is mad of stronger wire, heavily
galvanized. It lasts and is
, efficient. \\ rite for descriptions.
I* AUK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 767, Adrian, Mich.

VJUHEN you buy a fence its
* T just common business
sense to look for the fence
that gives you the most for
your money—

THE ANCHOR FENCE

WILL DO IT.

THE ANCHOR PENCE & MFG. CO., Cleveland, O.

COMMENCE AT ONCE

In

ssggf/FRosv f

iSasssa|BEST^>)

JsSSsImHEAPEST h

selling the Frost Fence and Steel Gates, containing
more weight, twice the strength, and three times the
wearing qualities found in other makes; you can make
money and friends at the same time. Ask for Cata¬
log and terms. The Frost Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, O.

yu

HEAVIEST FENCE MADE)

AllNo. 9 Steel Wire. Wei. Aclvanized. Weighs J
' l more than most fences. 1 <> to 8 5c per rod
delivered. We sell all kinds offence wireat
wholesale prices. Write for fence book show-'^
lng llOstyles. The Brown Fence uu da
Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohitn

A LEAKY TANK

is an abomination

CALDWELL

Tank* don’t leak. They
Are made right. We build
tanka of Everlasting Cy-
preaa; al»t» White IMue.
We have huiidreda we
can refer to In your
vicinity. Send for Illus¬
trated catalogue and
price Hat.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky

T wenty-five Bushels

~nn., of WHEAT

to the Acre

SI6 per Acre

This on land, which has cost
the farmer nothing, but the
price of tilling it, tells its own
story. The

Canadian
Government

given absolutely free to every settler

160 acres of such land.

Lands adjoining can be purchased at
from $6 to $10 per acre from railroads
and other corporations.

Already 1 ”5,000 fnrmers from the
United States have made their homes
in Canada.

For pamphlet ‘‘20th Century Canada.”
and nil information apply to Supt. of
Immigration, Ottawa, Canada; or to

THOS. DUNCAN, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuse Bank Building, SYRACUSE, N. I,

Mention this paper.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

Monarch

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
saw mills, thresh¬
ers. Catalog free
■onarch Machinery Co., Room 161, 39 Cortlandt St.» New York.

A.

Fresh Paint Talks

By O. L. Chase.

■And Two Gallons Free to You to Prove
All the Claims Made in
This Talk.

am

I AM THE PAINT MAN.

I haven’t a bit of sense— except paint sense.

Figuratively speaking, I’m wrapped up in Paint— I
smeared all over with it.

My whole time, thoughts and ideas are on the question of paint.
1 stand for fresh paint—

And I’ll tell you why—

Paint no sooner begins to live than it begins to die— and when
you buy paint you buy it for the life in it— for the time it’s going to
live upon your building.

— And to get the most value for your paint money you must
buy the lift of the paint— not in the can, but the life on your buildings.
—You ask me what is the life of paint?— and I tell you quick—
Pure, cold-pressed, old process Linseed Oil— that's the life of
Paint— that’s the binder, the soul, — the thing that makes Paint
stand the racket in storm and sun, and holds the pigments together
on your buildings.

—And why does fresh paint made to order have more life than
mixed paint?— you ask.

—I’ll also give you a quick answer to that—

If you could sec through the tin of a can of mixed paint you
would see a chemical row going on—

The mineral paint pigment— white lead, coloring matter, and
dryer— commences to eat the life out of pure linseed oil the minute
they get together—

If they have been together in a can on a dealer’s shelf, or in a
manufacturer’s warehouse, for six months, there is just six
months’ life gone out of the oil—

If they have been together a year, a year’s life is killed.

Maybe you never thought of it, but that’s the reason why so
many jobs of paint crack, curl up, peel off, get chalky, and rub off
on your hand.

The oil in that Paint was dead when the Paint was put on— the
pigment dried out when exposed to the weather and sun not having
the protection of the oil coating.

Now, I’ll tell you another thing—

Ready-mixed Paint that you buy in the can is always stale
paint— half dead paint— because of the method of its manufacture.
Here’s a little paint secret— a manufacturer’s secret:

The ready-mixed paint manufacturer has to make his paint up
for stock a long time in advance of the sale— he’s making it for his
warehouse or for the dealer to hold on his shelves, waiting for a
customer—

Sometimes the paint waits in these warehouses or on dealers’
shelves for six months— a year— two years— longer— so you see
when it’s opened for use, it’s half dead— or three quarters dead, or
maybe nearly all dead—

And another thing:

There’s a cement-like sediment in the bottom of the can— this
can never be properly mixed again.

Now, I am spending money in this advertisement to tell you
these things, because my method of manufacturing and selling
paint Is different.

First— my method of manufacturing;

I manufacture my pure pigment, and pack it in separate cans,
from my pure old process linseed oil— which I call “Oilo” to desig¬
nate it from cheap adulterated oils on the market—

I manufacture this Paint to order after each order is received,
and I date each can the day it’s packed, with the date placed right
on the can by my inspector, so that when my Paint goes to the
customer it’s absolutely fresh— a certified Paint— that has every bit
of life in it.

It’s such good Paint that I sell it on six months’ time—

No other Paint concern in the world ever sold paint on time
until I started.

Maybe their paint wouldn’t stand it— I don’t know— but anyway,
they never sold it that way.

—And to test my Paint I allow any customer to use two full
gallons out of any six-gallon order or over, and then if he is not
satisfied that all of my claims are true, and that my Paint is the
most elastic, springy paint under the brush, looks the best, and is the
best, he can send back the balance of the order, and the two gal¬
lons will not cost him a penny.

Why You Should Order Now for

Spring

There’s a limit to my manufacturing capacity—

On account of making paint to order, 1 am not able to make
up a gallon of paint in advance of the big Spring season, which
places me in a position every Spring where I have to send back
orders, being unable to supply the demand.

5.000 gallons is a lot of paint to make in a day.

My orders run larger than that—

I’m telling you this because I have an advance-order plan which
will enable you to get paint in the Spring months just the week you
want to use it.

I number these advance orders, place them on file in my office,
with space and material reserved in my factory to make up these
orders during the week they are wanted, and these come ahead of
all orders taken later in the painting season.

So if you want to insure yourself getting my made-to-order
fresh paint at a certain time next Spring, write for my Advance-
Order Blank, and my beautiful Paint Book just off the press, which
tells all about fresh and made-to-order Paint and gives you a large
collection of good sized color-cards to select from— select the
paint you want — send me an advance order, subject to cancellation
within thirty days from the time the paint is to be delivered, and
subject to a change in color if you desire.

I will acknowledge this order, and register it up, and guarantee
to furnish you the Paint on my "Two gallons— free trial— six
months to pay” plan—

The date of payment will be six months from the time the
order is filled—

This will insure you getting fresh paint just when you want it,
on 6 months’ time.

And let me tell you— over half the capacity of my factory is
already sold out for next spring, so you should write me at once,
if you want to take advantage of this advance-order offer.

Eight Years Guarantee

I give an officially signed, iron-clad Guarantee for eight years
on my madc-to-order fresh Paint.

This is the longest and most liberal Guarantee ever given by a
Paint Manufacturer— and back of this guarantee stands my S50.000
Bond.

All in all, my paint proposition is the greatest one ever put on
the market, and you should get my literature at once.

For a postal card with your name and address 1 will send you
my beautiful Paint Book— my little Instruction Book, entitled
“This Little Book Tells How to Paint.” copy of my Eight-Year
Guarantee, and my Advance-Order Blanks.

Write at once.

The
Paint
Man ,

St. Louis, Mo.

415 Sixth St.

THE

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CZAltK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT A WA P Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a Day.

Send for Circulars.

HFGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
I anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL

YouCan
Judge.

We’ll send the Mill
— we’re not afraid.
You try its speed,
its strength, the
kind of grinding.

_ Compare with others. No

sale and no cost to you if you are not

&he New Holland

FEED MILL.

The low priced mill that does every kind ear
corn and grain grinding, coarse or fine. Makes
excellent table meal. A rapid grinder and is
strong and easy running. Several styles and
sizes. With or without elevator and bagger. We
also have the best and fastest cutting Wood
Saw made. Send for free booklets.

New Holland Mch. Co., Box 115 , New Holland. Pa.

California
Just as Cheap fo Go
As to Stay at Home

Make wife and yourself a Christmas present this
year of a trip to California.

It will cost no more than the expense of living at
home plus Xmas gifts (the kind you like to give).

And this kind of gift is worth while!

Don’t get the idea that California has nothing but
“bon-ton” exclusive resorts. There are numerous
moderate-priced hotels and many homes where visit¬
ors are entertained at very low cost.

Here is a fair estimate of a four weeks’ trip to the
“Golden State” first class :

Round-trip tickets from Chicago for two people . $320.00

Doub.e berth, first class, out and back . 28.00

Sixteen meals each (both ways) at 50c . 16.00

Board and lodging in California, 22 days at $2. 44.00

Expenses of “Seeing the Sights” . 40 00

$348.00

Total cost for each person— $174.00.

Stay four more weeks for $24.00 additional each. Eight weeks of
health and happiness for less than $200.

A slight saving over this can be made by taking a comfortable
and cleanly tourist sleeper. Cost of double berth out and back $14.00.

The trip in a Rock Island tourist sleeper is as easy and restful as
the ingenuity of man can make it.

Your gain in health and saving in doctor’s bills
will prove this to be the most profitable investment
you ever made.

— ■■ — Let us send you some free illustrated literature, partic.

Rock
Island

y7 ularly our beautiful booklet in colors
' —and tell you more about it.

The Golden State’

JOHN SEBASTIAN,

Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock Island System.

CHICAGO.

■

Vol. LXIV. No. 2916.

NEW YORK, DECEMBER 16, 1905

WEEKLY, $1.00 PMi YEAR.

THE SHAPE OF THE LAYING HEN.

Not a Safe Guide for Selection

Last week Mr. Manchester discussed the shape and
outward appearance of the dairy cow. It is well known
that a man who is familiar with cattle can pick out
good milkers by looking at them and feeling of their

BROWN LEGHORN (200 Eggs— 4 Years). Fig. 402.

hide. A certain shape of back, body, udder, etc., seems
to be necessary in order that the cow may have strong
constitution, and the ability to digest large quantities
of food and turn it into milk. A cow with this par¬
ticular shape well developed is the best one to breed
from, because she is surest to give them to her off¬
spring. Some poultrymen claim that there is a so-
called “egg type” in poultry — that is, the extra good
layer will carry a certain shape and outward character
quite as distinct as that of the dairy cow. Others go so
far as to claim that every hen contains GOO embryo eggs,
and that some individuals have power to produce 400 or
more of them during the first two years of laying.
The object of studying an “egg type” is to enable a
poultry-keeper to select for layers only those hens
which will lay the most eggs in two years. Anyone
can see that the formation of a complete egg by a hen
is a very different thing from making butter fat by a
cow. The fat production is the more simple operation,

WHITE LEGHORN (9 Eggs). Fig. 403.

yet the “dairy shape” does not always prove a true
guide. There are cases where the use of a Babcock
test has shown that well-shaped cows were pretty close
to robbers — “living on their shape In like manner the
“trap nest” has shown that the true “egg type” in a hen
is often inside the feathers, and not indicated by the
size of the head, the length of the neck or body, or the

general shape. A trap nest may be called a Babcock
test for a hen. The nest is so arranged that when the
hen enters she closes the entrance and must stay there
with her egg until released. As each hen is numbered
on a leg band, and cannot get out of the nest without
help it is possible to identify every egg she lays. By
her number on the egg the breeder can identify her
chicks and thus keep their pedigree. Some careful tests
of this sort were conducted at the Utah Experiment
Station by Prof. James Dryden. We give herewith pic¬
tures of some of the hens, so that those who believe in

WYANDOTTE BULLET (104 Eggs). Fig. 404.

selecting hens by outward appearance may study them.

Fig. 405 shows a Wyandotte pullet that laid 207 eggs
in one year. These eggs weighed 29 pounds four
ounces. This bird was smaller than the average, but
laid a large egg. She would he called a good Wyan¬
dotte. Mr. Cosgrove of Connecticut picked her out at
once as a better layer than the pullet shown at Fig. 40 1.
This one was fed and cared for exactly like the other,
and has the so-called “wedge shape,” which some

WYANDOTTE BULLET. (207 Eggs). Fig. 405.

breeders claim indicates a good layer. Yet this pullet
laid only 104 eggs during the year, weighing 12J^
pounds. Thus a pullet which, from her shape, many
breeders would select as the better layer gave' only half
as many eggs and but little over 40 per cent of the
weight given by the other pullet on similar feed. It is
easy to see what a difference would he made in a flock
of 100 or more if we could always pick out the birds
that lay 200 or more. Fig. 411 shows another Wyan¬
dotte that laid 204 eggs in a year. She was found dead

in the pen after laying the last egg. This is a good
type of Wyandotte, though straighter in the back than
most fanciers desire. The hen shown at Fig. 409 laid
226 eggs in a year — the picture being taken “after the
war;” that is when she was worn out and rough from
this severe strain. It is interesting to note that this
hen’s mother laid 190 eggs in a year. She is also one of

BROWN LEGHORN (700 Eggs— 4 Years). Fig. 406.

five sisters which averaged 190 eggs each. The Barred
Plymouth Rock shown at Fig. 408 laid 212 eggs in her
first year and 181 in her second year. The Wyandotte
shown at Fig. 412 has a record of 226 eggs in a year,
and is a vigorous, lively hen, deep and broad in the
body, as breeders like to see. A great contrast is shown
in the two White Leghorns. The one at Fig. 407 laid
199 eggs in a year, and is the mother of several 200-egg
hens, and also of cockerels which seem to have trans¬
mitted, in some degree, her egg-laying capacity. As
will be seen this excellent hen is long in body and heav¬
ier than the average. As a contrast to this take the
hen pictured at Fig. 403. She laid only nine eggs a
year, though eating as much as the others. She lacks
vigor, and was dumpy instead of being active. She was
doubtless one of these hens that squat on the roost while
others are at work in the litter. The contrast between

WHITE LEGHORN (199 Eggs). Fig. 407.

the Brown Leghorns is greater still. Fig. 406 has the
world’s record, so far as known. She laid 201 the first
year, 241 the second, 126 the third and over 100 the
fourth. On the other hand, Fig. 402 kept in the same
pen and of course fed and cared for in the same wav,
laid only 200 eggs in the four years or less than one-
third as many as the other. It is a singular thing that

894

December 16,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

the record-breaking hen was classed as a poor layer
by people who pride themselves on their ability to pick
out a hen by her shape, while the drone was selected
as a good type of layer.

It will be seen by studying these pictures that the hen
does not carry all her character on the outside. Mr.
Cosgrove from these pictures selected the hens with a
strong, protruding breast and a sharp curve under it as

BARRED P. ROCK HEN (212 Eggs). Flu. 408.

the better layers, but we have found that different peo¬
ple. when questioned separately, have different types in
mind. In view of all the facts we think the following
“ opinion from a well-known poultry authority is sound :

I know of no particular shape or form that indicates the
laying qualities of the hen. In culling out the pullets I
would discard any that exhibited lack of vigor and any
that were under size: not that the large hen is the best
layer, but lack of size is very apt to indicate improper rais¬
ing, and a pullet that has been stunted in her growth should
never be used. I would select for layers the healthy, vig¬
orous. alert, busy hen. and then in shape have them as near
as possible to standard requirements of their class or breed.
The great point, however, is to cull them, even though in
culling the flock is cut down one-half.

If there is some question about the shape of a busi¬
ness hen there is no doubt concerning the ability of
such a hen to hand over her good qualities to her
daughters. Where trap nests are used so that records
can be kept it seems to be demonstrated that such
daughters are likely to follow their mothers in egg pro¬
duction and ability to lay large eggs. The trouble is
that the heavy layers are not aways the most vigorous
birds, especially after they have laid many eggs. An¬
other trouble is that unless a male from some strain of
layers be used the breeder will lose a good share of the
gain from the female side. This would be something
like using a scrub bull in a dairy of well-bred cows.

COLD ROOM IN AN ICEHOUSE.

I intend to build an icehouse 20 x 16 feet outside. 10
feet high to the eaves; walls two feet thick; dead air space
between Capacity will be about 40 tons. I want a cold-
room about six feet square and six feet high, built into one
corner of the house. This room will have ice on two sides

WYANDOTTE HEN (216 Eggs). Fig. 409.

and top, double walls and an air space on the outside. En-
tiance will be by vestibule, so that the outside changes
will have as jittle effect as possible. Will such a room be
practical for storage of milk (in cans or bottles), butter,
cream, and various farm products? Would it be all right
to finish inside tightly with matched boarding or will some
ventilating system be necessary? What temperature could
I expect? J- A- N.

Newburyport, Mass.

It would be far better to build the cold room with
its end against one side or one end, so that the ice

could be made to come in contact with three sides and
on top. Then it should be constructed entirely of con¬
crete, bottom, sides and top. The concrete would pro¬
vide a perfectly sanitary and indestructible wall, ceiling
and floor, which would take care of the drainage from
the ice, and would at the same time make the best con¬
ductor of heat to utilize the effect of the ice. It is prob¬
able also that it is the cheapest material which could
be chosen.

I should recommend that the icehouse be made
18 x 18 feet on the ground instead of 16 x 20, and
either 12 feet to the eaves or else to sink the floor of
the cold-room two feet below the bottom of the ice¬
house, so as to be able to place a greater depth of ice
above the cool-room. Making the icehouse square will
cause the ice to keep better, as there will be the least
outside wall to draw the heat. It would be better to
increase the height of the icehouse and reduce the other
dimensions if only a 40-ton capacity is desired, as the
ice will keep better and remain longer against the
walls of the cool-room. The walls of the cool-room
should not be less than eight inches thick, built up to a
height of five feet above the floor, and then spring the
ceiling over in a well-rounded arch which is eight
inches thick at the crest, carrying the outside of the
walls up straight, and finish off flat across the top. In¬
side shelves may be shaped in the cement, or short
pieces of iron pipe may be bedded in the wall at desired
places to carry the shelves. It would also be desirable
to bed several hooks in the ceiling, upon which fresh
* meats could be hung. It seems likely that a room 6x6
would be found more satisfactory in size. One 5x9

ISABELLA GRAPE AS A COTTAGE VINE. Fig. 410.

See Ruralisms, Page 898.

would give more wall space to cool the air and con¬
tents of the room. Such an adjunct in an icehouse
convenient to the kitchen would be satisfactory for the
family needs as well as for the dairy. A temperature
as low as 40 to 45 degrees would be maintained as
long as the ice lasted above the ceiling. The plan, how¬
ever, could not be expected to cool large volumes of
milk daily through the season unless arrangement were
made to utilize the water melting from the ice by draw¬
ing it into a vat in the cool-room in which the milk
could be set. No special arrangement for ventilation
would be required. The outside of the cool-room, as
well as the inside and floor should be plastered smooth
with a thin coat of rich cement to make the walls
water-tight. (Prof.) f. h. king.

SMALL FARMS IN MONTANA.

On the stock ranches feeding is taking the place of
riding the Winter range, as I have done lots of times
in the eighties. One sees stock getting fatter instead
of thinner. In the Spring of 1885 and 1886, for instance,
the cattle were piled up in heaps of 20 to 50 dead, and
we had to haul the bodies away with the teams from
near the house to keep them from driving us out with
the odor. That was in eastern Montana. Christmas,
1888, found me on a sheep camp in Alberta, helping at
a premature get of lambs, temperature 35 degrees below
zero. We saved 90 per cent, due to a great drop of
twins, and to the fact that old Harry, the boss, used to
rush them from the sheds and pile them in my bed until
I got a chance to get in and fire them into his. No
expostulation on my part would make him do otherwise.
He licked a lynx to death that Winter that was killing
a sheep. Christmas of 1884, to go further back, found
me camped on the Orange River in South Africa with
Methuen’s Horse. The day before the cooks had put
the puddings in the camp kettles ready for Christmas,

but a sand storm came up that night, and for three
days we lay in camp suffering torments. That sand
put out the fires, drifted the tents full, filled our eyes
until there was no water left in them, even to quench
their burning. Here I am, having exchanged my 160-
acre homestead for a five-acre fruit farm, under ditch.
There are 3,000 acres (about) laid out around Missoula
in such homes. In Winter we aim to haul manure and
rustle wood. Practically speaking, however, we are all

WYANDOTTE HEN (204 Errs). Fig 411.

out trying to rustle jobs at wages. My total takings,
not profits, on the five acres have been : First year, raw
ground, $120; second year, still leveling, $340; third
year, fairly good shape, $900; fourth year, frost hurt us,
$428. So you see that in spite of the great stories told
of the profits on an orchard home, if one makes a
hundred dollars an acre he is doing as well as can be
expected, as early and late frosts may cut down his
fruit crop on which his main income depends. Give
me an irrigated quarter-section in this country with the
necessary stock, and one is not so liable to starve to
death as specializing on an orchard home.

Montana. _ h. c. b. colvill.

PEACH ROT EXPERIENCE .

From long experience I have concluded that the tex¬
ture of the fruit and climatic conditions have more to
do with peaches rotting than excess of wool or fuzz.
Varieties that have an excess of juice are more inclined
to rot than those of a drier texture. Many of the very
earlies of the Hale’s Early type are very liable to rot,
while those fully as early of the Chinese type are com¬
paratively free from it. Sneed and Greensboro of the
latter type will often escape when Amsden and Triumph
of the former type will all rot. Still, when climatic
conditions are favorable to the rot, it will attack any
variety more or less. It is not always induced by wet
rainy weather. The past season, which has been noted
for the small amount of rain from April to September,
rot has been unusually severe in this section, attacking
every variety as it ripened, not excepting Elberta. I
think the exemption from rot of the Elberta is more
due to the rather dry texture of this fruit than anything
else. Nearly all of the large open-bloom varieties are
much hardier than the small bloom varieties; they go
through uninjured when the others are killed by cold,
and often stand from five to 10 degrees more. The

WYANDOTTE HEN (226 E«ss). Fig. 412.

nearer the natural type they are the hardier. Many of
the fine yellow varieties are much more tender in bud
than the white or red fleshed. The past season here
has been very unsatisfactory to most peach growers;
most of the young orchards set plenty of fruit, but it
dropped before maturity. The older orchards were
overloaded for the season, and the fruit was miserably
poor. Some young trees that held their fruit were very
fine, and prices unusually high in the early part of the
season. chas. bi.ack.

New Jersey.

1905.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

895

FACTS ABOUT “AVERAGE SHEEP.”

Profits Under Ordinary Conditions.

Can some of your readers give me some facts about sheep
on the farm, in the East? What does it cost to feed a
sheep for a year? What would an average sheep shear in
wool, just the dirty unwashed sheep? What has this wool
brought in market in iast year or two? What are ordinary
farm sheep and lambs worth? j. m. m.

Nampa, Idaho.

An average sheep would probably mean one weigh¬
ing about 100 pounds, to keep which for a year in New
York State means about five months’ stable feeding.
Such a sheep will need in this time about 500 pounds
of hay or its equivalent, in other roughage. This hay is
worth from $1.60 to $2. If there are some bright corn¬
stalks, bean straw, roots or silage (as there should be),
the value of the forage should not exceed $1.25. Such
a variety will also he better for the sheep. Then they
should have at least 150 pounds of grain, worth say
$1.50. The pasture for the sheep and her lamb should
be worth not less than $1.50 more. If it is valuable
tillable land, it is worth more. This will bring the total
minimum cost to $4.25. Of course a sheep may be “got
through’’ on much less, but it will be at the expense
of income on the other side of the ledger. In fact, my
own sheep cost me a good bit more; but they are larg¬
er, and yield me more than I am estimating from the
kind of sheep mentioned.

What about income? Such a sheep should give a
lamb that will sell for $4, and shear from five to six
pounds of unwashed wool, worth from 20 to 30 cents
per pound, or in other words the lamb should pay the
cost of keep and the wool be profit, which is not a bad
return for a $4 or $5 investment. I maintain that there
is no more labor in feeding the sheep than there would
be in carrying the produce to market. With the stalks,
straws and roots, the sheep creates a market that would
not otherwise exist. If we take the chemist’s value of
the manure we have over $5 more. I think it safe to
say, allowing for some un¬
avoidable waste — that a
well-fed sheep will return
to the soil at least $2 worth
of fertility annually.

It will be readily seen
that with a better sheep,
that costs $6 a year to feed,
a greater return may be ex¬
pected, from a larger num¬
ber of lambs, and at much
more than $4 each, and
shearing seven or eight
pounds of wool. As inti¬
mated above, wool has been
worth for several years
back about 20 cents- per
pound unwashed. This past
season it brought 30 cents.

Ewes are worth in the Fall
from $4 to $5. This year
fat mutton of all kinds is
unusually high, which of
course enhances the value
of "store sheep.” Good
lambs have sold in the New
York City market for $8
per 100. The w'riter knows
of several sales at home
right out of pasture at seven cents per pound, which
would bring an 80-pound lamb to $5.60. The ques¬
tioner speaks of “the dirty, unwashed sheep.” Let me
add. they should not be dirty; with clean places to lie
down, the litter kept off their backs, with the "tag
locks” kept cut, there is no need of their being so desig¬
nated, all of which will enhance the health of the
sheep, and the value of the wool.

EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.

TOOLS FOR TILE DRAINAGE.

As my experience and observation go, most ditchers
handle more soil than necessary. My first Winter’s
work along this line was most costly, because I did not
know how to economize labor. The outfit I would pur¬
chase now for the work would be two spades ; for top
cut. an 18-inch one with square point about six inches
wide at the point ; for the second cutting, a narrow
round-pointed one, also 18 inches long. I would buy
the best article I could get, and as light in weight as
possible, for muscle is more costly than steel or wood,
or both. Then a round-pointed long-handled shovel
to shovel loose dirt out after first spading. If shovel is
a little wider than necessary, the sides can be cut off to
make it the desired width. Then to clean out after
second spading, would buy a scoop that has a reversible
handle, so that it can be used as a push or pull scoop.
If much three-inch tile is to be laid, would buy a scoop
for that size. Before the cutting commences, some
thought must be had as to grade, for this is the first
important point.

Ditchers that grade by water aim to grade the bottQtn

of the first spading. But water is not always present,
and not of the same volume day after day; hence it is
necessary to hit on some device to work by at any time
the ditching is to be done. Very much that is to be
done shows plenty of fall without use of a level. Such
has been a good part of my work, but I wanted the grade
of each line, or ditch, even throughout, from end to end,
and hit on the following plan, which works equally well
where there is little fall. The plan is to stretch a line
above the ditch at one side, on stakes to represent the
grade of the bottom of the ditch. If the ditch is to be
cut 30 inches deep, and the stakes are two feet high at
side of the ditch, then a measuring rod must be used
with a vertical arm about 18 inches long nailed on 4TA
feet from the long end of the measuring rod. The rod
should extend a foot or 18 inches above this vertical
arm, to use as a hand hold when taken up to stand in
bottom of ditch to turn the arm under the string
stretched on top of the stakes that represent the grade
of the ditch.

Now to go back to the setting of these grade stakes
and line. I never set them till after the first spade is
cut, and I usually stake in 100-foot sections. With the
measuring rod, and spade as a measure, I can easily
tell how to set stakes at upper and lower end of each
section. When these two are set, I put a third one be¬
tween them, putting it in line by eyesight. Then I take
the line or string (chalk line) used to cut by, and stretch
over the top of these stakes, and tying to stakes driven
back from the end stakes at a convenient distance. To
take sag out of line between the stakes, put a weight
of some kind on it, on the opposite side of the center
stake from which the workman is cutting. It is very
hard to stretch the slack out of a line, but this weight
plan will keep it all right. If the whole line of the
drain is to be the same grade, the remaining stakes after
the first section can be set by the eye sighting the tops
of the first ones. In cutting out the second spading, the
workman soon learns how deep to cut ; he should meas¬

ure with the rod every foot, and keep the rod standing
in the ditch directly in front of him in easy reach. Then
he wants the pull scoop lying on one side of the ditch in
easy reach, so he can clean out the loose dirt frequently,
while he can reach it each time with the scoop.

The workman, if skillful, will soon learn how wide to
cut each time in the bottom to allow the sized tile to be
used to fit in nicely between the sides or walls of the
ditch. When the workman has finished the cutting as
well as he can in this way, in my soil he commences
at the lower end to lay the tile, first using the push
scoop to finish up the bottom and cut a groove for the
tile to lie in. Then, as the tile is laid, he walks on
them, using the push scoop to finish the bottom as he
goes along. If the bottom finishing is done in a ditch
before commencing to lay the tile in my soil, the work¬
man’s feet will lift out soil and spoil the finish of the
bottom. By walking on the tile and finishing the bot¬
tom as he goes, this trouble is avoided. After a line is
laid, if the ends of some of the tile are a little out of
line, they can easily be put back by using a stick or
spade to press or push them in line. As soon as a
line is laid take a spade and cut a slice of clay off the
sides of the ditch, and let it fall on the tile, walking on
this as it is being done. This clay will settle down
around and about the tile and will not wash into the
tile, like soil from the top of the ditch.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

R. N.-.Y. — Ditching that is carelessly done is only a
waste of money, as the drains soon fill up and need re¬
pairs. A well planned and carefully carried out job pays
much better both in money and satisfaction, and in many
cases will last a lifetime.

EXPRESS OR PARCELS POST.

It is not often I get a chance to read, let alone com¬
ment on the contents of your paper, the most practical
I get. But several things this week struck me. I ’phoned
the Silver Company for quick shipment by Adams Ex¬
press on a designated train of repair parts needed on a
breakdown while filling my silos. They delivered it at
Salem Station, 56 miles from me, and no change of
express companies, as in your case, and it took over
six months to get to Edgeworth. They could not find
a roll of carrier chain two feet in diameter and 16
inches wide sooner. They tried to make out I had
received it. The agent knew I had not. Fortunately
the Silver Company duplicated the order in a day or
two. Another case, in shipping a yearling bull, the
helpers in taking out of one car for another, upset the
crate, threw him out on his back, but by good fortune
did not seriously injure him. Keep after them and
make them come to time ; they will make you, and in
your pepper case you were entitled to damages in de¬
laying or losing your crop. r. f. shannon.

Allegheny Co., Pa.

R. N.-Y. — As to “damages,” when we got the price of
the pepper plants we felt much the same as the minister
did. He preached hard and then sent his hat around
for a collection. It came back empty, and his com¬
ment was, “Thank Pleavens, I have my hat back.”

To my mind “A Story of an Express Package,” on
page 855, is the best article I have ever seen to help
along a parcels post. Actual facts like that article (ex¬
perience with railroad and express companies) will go
much farther to right wrongs than arguments. I am
having experience similar with the Boston & Maine R. R.
Co., only they don’t even show the courtesy that the
Adams Express Company did. They don’t even reply
to a letter. Last July a shipment of butter to Spring-
field, Mass., arrived soft, and dealer refused to take
it. (The shipment was made in ice car and car ar¬
rived with no ice in it.) The
railroad company sold the
butter, and as their agent
says, money went to general
auditing office, in Boston.
Now I suppose I ought to be
thankful that every ship¬
ment does not go the same
way, but one thing I have
learned, viz., a corporation
does not do business on the
square, while any one of the
corporation is considered an
honest and square dealing
man. d. j. camp.

Will you let me tell you
and your readers what a
man and his wife think of
your story of an express
package printed on page
885? They think that if any
business farmer has failed
to take it in, he should at
once read it and ponder
the lesson well. They say,
moreover, that they are in
favor of the parcels post,
such as the so-called effete
monarchies of the Old World
are now enjoying, but which boon we are denied, because
the express companies oppose the project. They want
it immediately and sooner if possible. They insist upon
having it, and will keep up their demand for it until
they get it or die ! That’s pertinacity for you. They say
the story of the lost peppers should be circulated broad¬
cast through the land in tract form, in order that the
exposure and agitation may help to hasten the day when
our demand for a parcels post will be heard and the
needed relief granted.

Last night my wife, for more than 40 years the faith¬
ful partner of my joys and troubles, sat opposite me at
the table “with the lamplight gloating o’er,” darning
a big pile of holey stockings. All through the years
of our wedded life she has invariably tackled the un¬
darned socks with a cheerfulness and celerity worthy of
unstinted praise, and she surely is a boss darner. Then,
too. while I am about it. I may as well tell you she is
a good all ’round helpmate, making her own dresses and
hats and, if I do say it. she is certainly a good cook and
as good a nurse in sickness as ever bathed a weary
invalid’s aching brow.

“Quite a pile of stockings, ain’t it. Father?” she re¬
marked, as she tackled the formidable job.

“Sure enough,” I answered, “but to interest you at
the work, let me read to you this touching story of an
express package.”

She nodded assent and I read it.

Well, sir. she laughed and laughed out loud with a
youthful ringing infectious laughter. We had been
anxious about certain things and not a little worried, so
I let her laugh and joined in occasionally, and the hearty
shaking up did us good. I have not heard the dear
woman laugh so for many months. Then she dug up
out of the memories of her school davs this :

“Peter Piper picked a peck of pickling peppers. If
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickling peppers ivhar’s the
peck of pickling peppers Peter Piper picked?”

Glad you got your $10. but we cannot help but wonder
what became of the pepper plants. j. y. p.

New York.

896

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 16,

BRIEF GARDEN ANSWERS.

Planting Grapevines. — April is alto¬
gether the best month to plant grapevines.
If planted in the Fall they do not get hold
of the soil and sometimes winter-kill. We
would use good two-year vines. Dig wide
holes and work in a handful or two of
ground bone for each vine. Plant firmly,
spreading the roots out naturally, and cut the
top back so that not. more than two buds
show above the soil. Furnish support as
soon as they begin to climb.

Hardiest Blackberry. — Snyder, Taylor,
Eldorado and Ancient Briton seem to be the
hardiest blackberries that have been thor¬
oughly tested in Northern States. Mersereao
and Ward are newer kinds, but appear very
hardy. Erie is often winter-killed. We
have had no experience with Missouri Mam¬
moth. Ward, Minnewaski and Mersereau are
good shippers, and should carry some dis¬
tance if well packed. Snyder is too soft.
Erie is best for home markets. The Premo
dewberry ripens about with Guthbert rasp¬
berry. All dewberries bear best when trellised
or fixed to stakes. None is particularly
hardy except when the canes are buried in
soil or covered with snow.

Insects on Hou.se Plants. — Probably the
h st handy remedy for aphids or green lice on
carnations and other house planls, where
they cannot be regularly fumigated by tobacco
smoke, is a solution of Sulpho-tobacco soap
and water, about two ounces of the soap
to a gallon of water. This should be thor¬
oughly sprayed all over the plants, and the
application repeated once a week until en¬
tirely clear. Plants in pots may be dipped
in this solution, wthout harm to the plants,
but certain destruction to the insects. This
soap may be had from seedsmen advertising
in The R. N.-Y., in boxes costing from 10
to 20 cents, according to size. The Carna¬
tion stem-rot is a well-known disease, caused
by fungus germs attacking the stem of the
carnation plant as it grows in the open
ground. When taken inside In the Fall this
fungus develops and soon kills the plant by
causing decay of the stem. Little can be
done for a plant once affected. The safest
method is to grow the plants on rather light,
dry soil, and only take in plants in the Fall
that seem perfectly healthy at the collar,
v here the stem comes out of the soil.

Saving I'otato Seeds.— Probably the easi¬
est way is to cut off the balls when ripe,
scrape out the seeds and pulp, spread on
h otting or other absorbent paper until dry.
then keep in a dry, warm place in paper
envelopes until March or April, when the
seeds can be rubbed apart and sown just
like tomato seeds in pots or boxes in the
window garden, hotbed or greenhouse. When
the young plants have made one or two
pairs of rough leaves they should he trans¬
planted about two inches apart in similar
pots or boxes, and kept outside during pleas¬
ant weather until hardened off. About the
middle of May they may be set in the garden
like tomato plants, putting them in rich
ground, about two feet apart each way.
When the tops are ripe in the Fall the
potatoes should be dug. Keep those grown
by each plant separate from the others.
They should run in size from a large pea
to that of a walnut. The next Spring these
little seedling potatoes are planted in the
garden or field in the usual manner, and
should produce full-sized tubers the coming
Fall. Something of the value of the new
varieties may be determined the second sea¬
son. but it is well to plant them, keeping
each kind separate, for several successive
years, selecting out the most promising kinds
and throwing the others away.

Bulbs and Seeds. — Tuberose bulbs should
be dry and warm during Winter. If kept
cool and moist, or even in a dry place below
45 degrees, they will likely be injured, so
that the bloom buds will not push, though
the bulbs themselves may produce leaves and
roots and grow vigorously. After lifting in
the Fall they should be carefully cured and
dried in a light warm place before storing.
The most successful way of handling Gladi¬
olus seeds is to sow them after rubbing in
a cloth to break up the chaff, thickly in
boxes or pots of light, rich soil about five
Inches deep. They should be covered very
lightly, well watered and kept in a warm
place until germination takes place, which
should be in three or four weeks. The little
seedlings should be very carefully watered
and kept free from weeds. When warm
weather comes they may be placed in a frame
or sheltered place in the garden, taking care
they are not exposed to beating rains, as
the slender leaves are easily broken and
corms do not form if injured the first sea¬
son. In four or five months the leaves will
begin to turn vellow, and the pots or boxes
should be gradually dried off. The bulblets
or little corms can be removed by passing
the soil through a sieve, and stored in dry
sand in a cool, dry place, free from frost,
until Spring, when they may be planted
in drills like peas, in good garden soil, mak¬
ing the drills 12 inches apart and covering
about three inches deep. Fair-sized bulbs
should form by Fall, and may be wintered
over as before and planted out next Spring
two or three inches apart, in rows 18 to 20
Inches apart. Many will probably bloom the
third year, and all should come into bloom
the fourth year under this treatment.

FRUIT NOTES.

Raising Fall Strawberries. — I set Fall¬
bearing varieties in the early Spring, setting
them about one foot apart in the row ; rows
30 Inches apart. I remove all fruit stems
up to July 20, also all runners if any appear.
The reason I prefer setting in the Spring is
most of the plants will send out new roots
from the crown, which will not die in August
and September, as is the case with Fall-set
plants. This is very important, as the plants
need good, strong roots to mature the large
crops they produce. Again, Spring-set plants
do not have so manv leaves as when Fall-set,
which are apt to get so large and bushy
that it Interferes with pollenization of the
blossoms. As to quality of fruit it is of
better flavor than Summer berries.

SAMUEL COOPER.

A Sweet Apple.— Noticing your corre¬
spondent’s query on page 808 in regard to a
sweet apple which was truly sweet, let me
say that there is a large green apple raised
in western New York, the juice of which
produces a rich syrup of great sweetness,
it is known as Sweet Greening or Green
Sweeting. It is an early Winter variety or
possibly late Fall, larger than any Green¬
ing I ever saw; not at all firm in flesh, hut
quite unexcelled for baking. Eaten with
cream it is “a dish fit for the gods.”

SARA A. LITTLE.

Peaches for Rockland Co., N. Y. — Your
correspondent “N. H.,” page 824. got twisted
up in the time of peach ripening. Some of
the varieties are placed four or five weeks
out of the way, notably the Ray, which

ripens just ahead of the Mountain Rose, in¬
stead of later than the Salwa.v. Taken on
the basis of Connecticut and Georgia ripen¬
ing for many years past, to get that list in
proper order of ripening, it should read
Waddell. Carman, Ray, Mountain Rose,
Champion, Reeve's Favorite, Elberta, Willett,
Stevens and Salway. J. h. hale.

Connecticut.

Belle Bonne Apple. — I am quite certain
that 1 know the apple S. C. B., page 80S, is
looking for. We knew it as the “Billy
Bound.” I should say that it answered your
description of the “Billy Bond." It was
sweet without any acidity and was con¬
sidered the very best apple on the farm for
baking. The old tree was over two feet in
diameter 50 years ago: scions from it were
grafted into a young tree on the farm.

Canaan, Conn. J. a. s.

The Belle Bonne apple that S. C. B. in¬
quires for has been grown in central Connecti¬
cut for a great many years, but always so far
as I know by grafting, and never by propaga¬
ting in a commercial nursery. It was exhibited
and a premium awarded on it at the annual
exhibit of Connecticut Bornological Society
in September last. It has the quality ascribed
to it by S. C. B. of being very sweet, a
dry sweet juice almost like honey before it
is latked. This quality does not suit all
people, particularly to .eat out of hand, and
I think it has never been grown in any
quantity. norman s. platt.

Another "Seedless" Apple. — No doubt
you have had all the seedless apples you care
for. We in this vicinity have more than
an average crop of apples, including those
from an old tree on a nearby farm, which is
a tree having a seedless apple, samples of
which I send you with this; two apples that
I would like you to examine and see if you
find any seeds in them. The tree I think
must be more than a hundred years old. for
I do not think there has been an apple
tree planted on that farm in that time, and
this is nearly the only left except some
scattering ones beside the old stone walls
in the pastures. Apples here are mostly
Baldwins, selling at 81.25 per barrel for
No. 1 and $1 for No. 2. the purchaser
finding barrels, putting up and carting them.

Shrewsbury, Mass. s. d. w.

R.. N.-Y. — The apple was of fair quality,
though too ripe for its best. In shape it
is somewhat like Bellflower. There is a
fair-sized cavity at the center with tiny
undeveloped seeds at the core.

For the land's sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

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She loved him just as well.

That was her business.

They decided to be married,
That was their business.

They will need Vines, Plants
and Trees for their garden.
That's OUR business.

We have a surplus of Asparagus
plants. Poplar and Apple trees. Send
for free catalog: also Fruit Magazine.

GREEN S NURSERY CO.,

Rochester, N. Y.

potatoes — Bliss, Cobbler, Coin, Hustler, Longfellow,
* Mountain, Ohio, 85 kinds. C’.W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.

No Smoke House. Smoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Madefrom hickory wood. Qlvesdeliciouaflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir¬
cular. is. Ivrnu.er & Bro., Milton. Pa.

100 Per Cent INVESTMENT.

We can prove to anv fair minded man that

Wonder Gasoline Engines

are 1(H) per cent. Cheaper, 100
per cent. Lighter and 100 per
cent. Simpler than any other
make of Engines anywhere,
and we’ll prove it by a Free
Trial on your own farm.
Write and ask us. It. M.
CORNWELL CO., 4 44 So.
Salina St., Syracuse, N.Y

Alfalfa

BACTERIA INSURES A CROP. WRITE

FOR BULLETIN NO. 17 IT’S FREE.
NATIONAL NITRO-CULTURE CO.. West Chester. P*

Page Fence

■ •*0*' ■ write many

first users. Why? Because its hori¬
zontals are high-carbon, double-
strength wire; its heavy croas bars
are so securely woven that the fence ’
cannot come to pieces, and the
whole fabric is heavily galvanized.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. „
Box 764 Adrian, Mich.

OUR NEW LOCK

is more than meeting our expectations as a success
in uniting 2 heavy hard spring wires, whereby, we can
! furnish a wire fence unequaled for strength and
durability. Send for samples.

THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

(&• Let Us Send You *8*

Our Book.

about good wheels and good wagons that will save
you a lot of workand make you a lot of money— the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

■ - and the -

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every tost, they are the best. More than one and
a quarter millions sold. Spokes united to the
hub. Can’t work loose. A set of our wheels will
make your old wagon new. t atalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL C0., Box 88, Quincy, Ills.

Strawberry Plants

Virginia and Chesapeake, winners of$100 GOLD PRIZE
offers; also Cardinal, Commonwealth, North Shore, Oaks
Early, New York, Glen Mary. Stevens Champion, and 90
others; best list, good stock, fair prices. Dewberries: Lu-
cretiaand Austins.

C* ** *+ ~ Full line best new and standard old vari-

O CCCLS eties GARDEN, FI ELD and FLOWER
SEEDS. New 60 Page Catalogue Free. It tells about
good plants and seeds and where to get them. Send now to

W. F. ALLEN, Dept. 17, SALISBURY, MD.

BERRY PLANTS Raspberry!

blackberry, &c. I wish to correspond with prospect¬
ive buyers. Catalog and valuable information free.
Address L. J. FARMER, Box "R”, Pulaski, N. Y.

WARD BLACKBERRIES

The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown

WELCH RASPBERRY

The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also
a full line of general nursery stock. Catalogue free,
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and hear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and HEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to JO
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. V.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOOD’S

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri . and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 6fi-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, 84.50; half barrel,
270 lb., 3-Rc per lb; barreL4251b.,3hjC, Send for booklet.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

UIIT TRCCO Japan Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon
II U I I liLLO Chestnuts, Ridgeiy and American.

MANCHURICA WALNUTS.
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap.
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬
ing. Catalogue free. Address,

JOS, If. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown. N.J.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-S5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kans. Box 73.

D

JD

erckiws trees

Are as good as the best. 60 yearsjin
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMAMS CO.. Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Perry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Fend for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

KFRUITBOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters. — Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo.

The Best Crops Grow where BEA U LIEU’S seeds go.
Importer of best French seeds. Potatoes, Gladiolus,
Dahlias, Wheats, etc. 21 prizes at New York. Silver
medal at St. Louis. Beaulieu. Woodliaven, L. I., N.Y,

PRATTS

H

SGALECIDE

J J

SOLUBLE

PETROLEUM

Guaranteed to kill the SAN JOSE SCALE with¬
out injury to the tree or fruit bud. in Fall, Winter and
Spring application. Onegal. ‘‘Scalecide” to 20 gallons
water. No heating or boiling. Mixes instantly
in any proportion with cold water, and stays mixed.
Can be used with a great saving in cost, where
petroleum or kerosene emulsion is advised.

Prices— in bbls. 50c. per gallon ; 10 gallon cans, $0,00;
5 gal. cans, $3.25; 1 gal. cans. $1.00, f. o. b. N. Y.

B. Q. PRATT CO., 1 1 Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

SAN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

PEACH TREES

Grand lot, grow non the bank of Lake Erie, two mile!)
from any peach orchards, free from borers and all
other diseases. Large stock of Pear, Plum, Cherry,

Apple, etc. Immense supply of small fruits, headquarters for

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds,

40 acres hardy roses, none better grown, 44 Greenhouses of Palms, Ferns,
Rotes, Geraniums, Cannus, etc. Mail size postpaid. Direct deal will insure you
the best and save you money. Try it. Valuable catalogue free. Fifty-two years.
1200 Acres.

THE STORRS ft HARRISON C0.( Box 16. Painesville. 0.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

IlOCLEILS ON THE TTTT .T ,,

The iApplo Breeder, Dansville, 3\T. TT.

TREES

(tc DCD mo CRCIRHT DAIR Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
rtn ILPV/j rnCIUrll rHIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated.
Ailkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we heat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

897

1005.

YOUNG TREES AND MICE.

The season is on for the crop of pre¬
ventives for rabbits gnawing or barking
young trees. This is mine, and will do
the work: Rub them where the rabbits
would bark them with a pig’s liver cut
in pieces suitable to handle; rub with the
cut edges; a very little will do, and last
the entire Winter. I have seen small
particles of it adhering to the trees even
after growth starts next Spring and it
is perfectly harmless. W. F. law.

Alabama.

We usually draw all the trash and
weeds away from the butts of the trees
in the Fall, and have not had serious
trouble with mice when this is done.
When this work is not done we have
usually had more or less of the trees
barked if the snow stayed long on the
ground. The trash gives the mice a place
to nest, and when covered with snow
they have nothing but the trees to ear.

West Virginia. h. w. miller.

All }'Oimg trees ought to be cultivated,
and so kept free from weeds, grass and
litter, and usually will need no protection.
The mound of earth around each tree to
the height of the snowfall is cheap, ef¬
fectual, and if trees are in grass or un¬
cultivated this mound if made of good
rich earth will help the trees, be they
young or old. Where the trees are near
old fence lines there is one thing , only
that will save them ; tramp the snow so
firm that the mice cannot well get in.
For an older orchard laid down to grass
the lnjg without a ring in his nose is a
good hunter. A few bundles of stalks
with a few apples or corn placed under
them that have had an application of
strychnine is very effectual. This last
application is dangerous, if used careless¬
ly. Very few trees need be lost by the
careful orchardist, not one to the thous¬
and. Keep the ground bare around the
trees or snow packed hard.

New Jersey. i. J. blackwell.

After more than 50 years experience
with orchards, I have never found any¬
thing so satisfactory as coal cinders; from
slack coal is best, because it is not so
coarse. I want no clinkers. The reasons
why I think it preferable (have tried
nearly everything else) are: It is very
cheap; very durable; mice and other
pests never harbor in it; it is not a fer¬
tilizer, nothing grows in it. The fact
that it is always clean around the base of
the tree, caused by the little cone-shaped
mounds of cinders, is the protection.
A little wind or sunshine gets away with
the snow from the little black mounds,
wn.ch give the trees a safe and com¬
fortable appearance. Half a bushel to one
bushel, according to size of trees, is suf¬
ficient. This does the work where other
devices usually fail. At the surface, even
sometimes a little under it, is where
the little rodent does the mischief, rabbits
have not harmed us to amount to any¬
thing. This work can be done at any- I
time, but I have seen trees girdled in
October. Harboring of mice has been
advanced as an objection to the grass
mulch system (it does in a measure),
but since we commenced^ using cinders,
which was in 1888, we have lost practic¬
ally no trees. It seems there is nothing
to 'take the place of a little common sense.
There is no need to throw the mulch
up against the trees as many do. Why
not leave a little space clean at the base
of the trees, and extend it out to the drip
of the branches, where it will do more
good? I am very sure that 1 cannot em¬
phasize too much the use of cinders. If
I were not in hauling distance I would
have them shipped; they cost but a trifle.

Ohio. _ f. P. VEKCON.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE

Shipping Chickens. — "I have a lot of
two-months old cockerels weighing about two
pounds each. IIow shall I kill and prepare
them for New York market?” M.

New York.

One who has had no experience in dress¬
ing these small chickens would better get
some one who has done this work to help
kill and pick, or ship them alive. For best
results they should be bled in the mouth and
picked dry, both operations requiring con¬
siderable skill. For a novice to try killing
chickens in this manner is needless cruelty.
The job should lie attempted only after
watching every movement of an experienced
hand and carefully studying the anatomy
of a fowl’s head. In dry picking, unless one
is very careful, the tender skin is likely to
be torn, which greatly injures the sale, They
might better he scalded than torn. 1 his
business of dressing young chickens is one
that a person should grow into by degrees
rather than jump into. A great many are
shipped here alive. The crates should be
big enough so that they can stand up without
sticking their heads out. If not too badly
crowded they do not seem to mind the con¬
finement much, and reach the buyer in very
good condition. Whatever method may lie
used, be sure to advise your commission man
in advance of shipment.

Dressed Poultry. — The usual after-holi¬
day dullness was noted during the past
week, and with rather heavy receipts and
many lots in bad condition the market has
been unsatisfactory. There have been two
spells of very mild weather, which continued j
long enough to make dry-packed poultry
stickv So far as can lie seen at present
prices for the Christmas trade will range
about as for Thanksgiving, with plenty of

turkeys for all who care to pay 20 to 25
cents retail.

Apples are working off very well at the
high prices quoted. Selected lots of such va¬
rieties as Spitzenberg, King, Spy and New¬
town have brought as much as .$2 per barrel
above any of these prices. It is a question
whether, taking the large storage holdings
into account, such prices can be maintained
for the next two months without a break.
The demand for apples at $5 to $7 per
barrel, retail, is bound to be much lighter
than when they can be had for $3 or $4.
If the first of February finds consumers tak¬
ing hold very gingerly, some holders who
have stocked up heavily will be sure to
get scared and force sales at lower prices
for a time. We believe that retail prices
at present are too high. Where the crop is
short holders are likely to advance prices
to a greater extent than the shortage in
supply warrants. The man who finds that
he can easily make $1 a barrel tacks on
another dollar, thinking that that will come
just as easily. This puts the market on
stilts from which some one is sure to fall.
A fair rather than extravagant profit would
dispose of the crop with less waste and
greater average gain. Few of the growers
who sold their apples to middlemen, got
enough for them to warrant the prices at
which much fruit is being held. h.

XMAS GIFTS.

We have just issued a special jewelry catalog which
will be sent free on request. YVe send your money
back if you are not satisfied with your purchase. All
are the best the money can buy. Write for particulars.

A light weight suit case, very satis¬
factory for a lady; olive or brown
vellum cloth over wood Q| C ft
frame, sole leather handle, Oil WW
leather corners, brass lock and
catches; neat lining and inside straps

This beautiful gold
filled stick pin. Head
and leaves green and
rose gold. A very at¬
tractive gift.

Gold filled seamless,
lauies signet ring in
polished or Roman gold
finish ; a very handsome
ring and cheap at this
price.

Bag-shape Pursemade OF.
of buckskin, nickel Cvv
riveted frame, 2 ball catches,
2 pockets with small side
gussets. Same style in suede
28c., in morocco leather 30c.

We have just issued a grocery catalog, showing you
how you can save *4 your living expenses. If you
have not already received it, write for it to-day.

White, Van Glahn &■ Co. ,

THE FOUNTAIN FEN FOR CHRISTMAS !

1 Standard Self-filling aud Self-cleaning. 14 Karat
Gold. Prices, $2. 00, $2. 50, $3.00 by registered mail. Agent.
Room 1, 255 W. 104th Street, New York, N. Y.

Own a TERRILL GAS MACHINE

for Lighting, Cooking, Power,

and in fact EVERY purpose for
which gas can be used. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed before you pay for
it. Practical and safe. Operated
by anyone. 1S160.00 anti up.

Thrill Gas Machine Lighting Co.,

Street, New York. Founded 18(54,

Dietz Lanterns

You want the best light and you
want convenience. The

Cltar White Light of the

DIETZ

has made it famous. That’s because
of the Dietz Cold Blast principle. The
light is strong and steady and itdoesn’t
blow out. None other so convenient
for all attentions and it’s absolutely safe.
It costs no more than ordinary lan¬
terns. Talk plain to your dealer when
you go to buy. Say you want a Dietz
Cold Blast and nothing else. If lie
hasn’t got it, write direct to us.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 184.0.

V

©ur Good Carriage Heater, makes a vehicle as com¬
fortable as your fireside, in the coldest weather;
every drive a pleasure. Ready for use in a few min¬
utes, absolutely safe, costs ^ct. per hour to operate,
handsome appearance, polished brass ends, Brus¬
sels carpet covered. Price of Heater $1.65 cash with
order. We supply the best heating fuel for carri¬
age heaters, burns without flame, smoke or odor,
gives steady uniform heat, extinguished at will,
compact brick form, brick enough fora drive.'
Price of fuel per case (1 doz. bricks) 65 cts.

ALFRED BATHO, 700 East Ave„ Rochester, N. *

KEEP WARM!

Don't risk comfort, health and life itself
by going through the cold drives of another
winter without

The Standard Carriage Heater.

Keeps you as warm as if you were at
home, and at a cost of less than two cents
for a whole day. No trouble, no smoke,
no smell, no clanger.

Notico the sloping shape of the Standard
Heater, which is so restful to the feet, It
is recognized as the standard of QUALITY
and EFFICIENCY, and is

GUARANTEED UNCONDITIONALLY.

Money lefunded if not in every way
satisfactory .

An ideal Christmas present.

Most dealers handle the StaQ*
dard. Write to-day for
souvenir blotter, and illus¬
trated circular which tells
you all about
them— free.,.

The

Marysville,

DERRICK OIL CO.

Box 52. Titusville, Pa.

ELITE OIL.

A high grade, perfect
burning oil. Never
fails to please where
a clear, strong light is
desired. Made from
Pure Pennsylvania
Crude. Write for par¬
ticulars and prices.

HARNESS*?,’,,

Our plan of selling custom-made, eak tanned harness
by man, direct from the factory at wholesale prices, ia
a Dig saving to every farmer. All harness is guaranteed.
If it’s faulty in any way, return it and get your money
back. Write for illustrated catalogue F and price list.
THU KING HARNESS CO., 6 Lake St., Owvgo, Tioga Co., N.Y.

If you only knew how much money
you could save and how dur¬
able it is, you would
surely use

PAROID

ROOFING

for roofs and sides of all farm buildings. Eas¬
ily applied by any one. Water, spark, acid,
gas, heat and cold proof. Light slate color;
contains no tar; doos not taint rain water.
Illustration above shows largest Btock,b»rn
In Minnesota, covered with Parotd.

Send for Free Sample.

Book of poultry and farm building plans
for a 2 cent stamp and name of nearest dealer.

F. W. BIRD <£. SON. Makers. I

E. Walpole, Maas., SetabUehed 1817. Chloago. III.

Originators of complete roofing kit in
every roll .

9 CORDS IN 10 HOURS

BY ONE MAN, with the FOLDING SAWING MACHINE. It

saws down trees. Folds like a pocket knife. Saws any kind o i
timber on any kind of ground. One man can saw mora timber
Vfith it than 2 men in any other way, and doit oaslor. Send for
FREE illustrated catalog, showing latest IMPROVEMENTS
tofltimouialrt from thousands. First order secures ageno J* Address

> FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO..

168-164 E. Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois.

T

~v7jg

7

rrjijip

T

7

m

t-a*3xt:ecs

RED CYPRESS— WHITE
PINE— GALVANIZED
STEEL

CALDWELL

Tanks are the best made
Ask for illustrated cat¬
alogue ami price list;
also referenceH.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,
Louisville, Ky.

AGENTS

WANTED

For Meud-a-Rip

Greatly improved. Better than ever.

Does all kinds of light and heavy
riveting and
■tltchlng.
Saves its
ooat many times a year. A per*
feet Hand Sewing Machine and Riroter
combined. Notice the Automatic Spacer
which makes neat, even stitching. To
it means a sale. Agents make
$15 a day. One agent made |20 first
machines to him. Write for speo
lal sgts. price. J B. Foote Foundry Co.Dep. 337 Frederlcktown, 0
(The Great Agents Supply House )

30 DAYS TRIAL

BOLSTER SPRINGS

Highly Temptred w Spring Steel Springs^

All Springs AreCerefully Tested Before Shippinq

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

Wc want the name of everyone who can use Harvey
XXX Bolster Springs. To get these quickly and advertise
the Springs we make a special Introductory offer.

Fifteen years hard usage over all kinds of roads in
every state of the Union have proven Harvey XXX Bolster
Springs a profitable investment and the best spring on
the market. Relieves the jolt, jar and noise of a farm
wagon, saves damage and shrinkage of fruit, vegetables,
eggs, livestock, grain, etc. Wagon rides easier, wears
longer. No Spring wagon needed with Harvey XXX Bolster Springs on the farm wagon. Over 150,000 in sat¬
isfactory use. The shrinkage on one load of hogs, vegetables, fruit or other produce hauled without springs i9
more than cost of Harvey Springs. To convince you we offer set on 30 days trial FREE. If not as represented and
perfectly satisfactory return them at our expense. Surely if they were not all right we could not make this
offer Drop us a card stating wagon capacity and lepgth of bolster between stakes.- 'We will send you a set
On Inal. You can’t lose on this proposition.^,. HARVEY SPRING CO., 103S.CaryerAye., Racine, Wls.

full Month

A- 11 Free to Try

^asy Time Payments
WJt:COIia When You Buy

I That’s the way we sell our American Manure Spreaders.

It’s our new way— for years we sold to dealers; but now we are selling
direct from our factory to you, first giving you a full month’s free trial on
every Spreader, and, second, accepting easy time-payments, which lets the
Spreader earn what it costs as it goes along.

Every farmer that has a reasonable sized farm, and a fair amount of live
stock, should own a first-class Manure Spreader— it’s the best investment he
can make.

We want to sell you an American Manure Spreader. We don’t ask you to
pay for it outright without seeing it. We want you to use it on your farm for a
full month to prove to your entire satisfaction that every claim we make for it is
true— and even then we’ll give you plenty of time in which to pay for it.

This is the most liberal offer ever made on a Spreader.

We are the largest manufacturing plant in the country making Spreaders
and there are more “Americans” being sold today than of any other kind.
Perhaps you don’t know the value of your manure crop.

Perhaps you don’t know that the question of fertilizer is the most important
Dne for a farmer to consider.

Just write and tell us how many head of hogs, sheep, cattle, and horses you
own and we will tell you what Government statistics show the manure to be
worth, annually. Ask for our free catalogue of prices and description of our
nine styles of American Manure Spreaders in five sizes. We will send it at
once, together with our booklet “Our New Selling-Plan.”

Write now while you think of it.*
Address

AMERICAN HARROW CO.
1625 Hastings St.. DETROIT. MICH.

NOTE— 19 Branch
Houses, carrying
full line of Spreaders
and parts, at lead¬
ing cities in differ¬
ent states where
prompt shipment
can be made.

898

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 16,

' NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Top-Notch. — The unusual suc¬
cesses in distant lands of Gladiolus prin-
ceps, originated 10 years ago on the Rural
Grounds, have been from time to time re¬
corded. The great size, beauty and dis¬
tinction of its blooms, and its unexampled
vigor of constitution, enabling it to suc¬
ceed under diverse conditions, have made
it a favorite subject for exhibition in all
localities, and appear to have secured for
it everywhere the highest honors. The
list of certificates, honors and awards, in¬
cluding that of a gold medal at the late
St. Louis World’s Fair, is now too long
for publication. Possibly we most appre¬
ciate, as originators, the First Class Cer¬
tificate of Merit, recently awarded by the
Societe Nationale d’ Horticulture de
France, regarding it as about the top-
notch of foreign commendation. Not that
the French National Horticultural Society
is more distinguished than similar bodies
in other countries, but that France may
usually be considered the very fountain of
all that is novel and exquisite in the gar¬
den Gladiolus, thus pitting Princeps
against the keenest possible competition.
Most of the numberless named varieties
now in commerce first came to light in
the famed nurseries of Souchet of Ver¬
sailles and Lemoine of Nancy. The breed¬
ing of the Gladiolus in a large way, as a
garden decorative plant, runs back in
France more than 60 years, and with rare
exceptions the world’s choicest new varie¬
ties still come from French growers. We
take it as high honor, indeed, that such
appreciation of our product should come
from this source. More Gladiolus bulbs
of good quality are perhaps grown in the
United States than any other country, but
few desirable varieties originate here.
Great Britain and Germany also produce
Gladioli in quantity, but all fall behind
France in the actual development of this
most popular of Summer-blooming bulb¬
ous plants.

A Brilliant Autumn. — The copious
rain of November 29 apparently terminates
the most remarkable Autumn drought we
have experienced in New Jersey. Sep¬
tember and October were almost rainless,
and it remained for the extreme closing
days of November to bring a precipita¬
tion sufficient fairly to moisten the soil.
This long interval has been a practically
continuous succession of brilliant sunny
days. The usual October gales passed us
by, allowing corn to stand upright to the
last, and our slim crop of late orchard
fruits to hang to full maturity. Owing to
the complete saturation of the soil in Au¬
gust by heavy and continued rains there
has been little local inconvenience from
the drought, though elsewhere wells and
springs have failed, and cattle have suf¬
fered for lack of water. There has. of
course, been some interference with Fall
seeding, but the few transient showers
came in so timely that the wideawake
farmer suffered small inconvenience. It
is pleasant to note the firm and gradual
ripening of tree and plant growth. Young
peach and apple trees held their foliage
until the second week in November, not¬
withstanding frequent sharp frosts and
temperatures, on two occasions as low as
14 and 18 degrees above zero. The new
growth, now that the twigs are finally
bare, looks firm and bright.

Strawberry Plants Well Matured. —
The continued dry. cool and sunny
weather has matured strawberry plants
to an unusual degree for the season,
coloring the foliage deep crimson. There
has been marked absence of late and un¬
timely blooms, so that we may regard the
crowns as being in the best possible con¬
dition for their Winter rest. Successful
growers all mulch heavily, but greatly
prefer coarse manure from city stables to
the local supply, as being less likely to
contain weed and grass seeds. This is
applied as soon as the ground is well
frozen ; not that growers generally con¬
sider early covering harmful, but to avoid
cutting up the beds with team and heavily
loaded wagon. There was a consider¬
able loss of old plants from excessive heat
following the ripening of the berries in
early July, as noted at the time, but the
vacancies were tolerably well filled by
new layers during our rainy August. The
conditions have seldom been more favor¬
able for fall nursery work, and the trans¬
planting of trees, shrubs and hardy plants
generally. There was sufficient moisture
in the deeper iayers of the soil to safe¬
guard dormant trees and plants when pro¬
perly and firmly set. while the continuous
fine weather and relative absence of dry¬
ing winds made the work exceptionally
pleasant and effective. The present soak¬
ing rain should well settle the soil about

the roots of new plantings, and favor the
healing of wounds and the starting of the
necessary new root growth.

Too Bright For Vegetables. — The ex¬
cess of sunlight, while altogether favor¬
able for outside work, has been rather
trying to glasshouse cultivators, pushing
their crops ahead too rapidly. Roses,
carnations and violets have grown and
bloomed splendidly under the stimulating
sunshine and fuel bills have been corre¬
spondingly reduced, but this is pre¬
eminently the Chrysanthemum season and
the market for other and choicer blooms
has not been the best Vegetable glass¬
house growers have been at even worse
disadvantage, as their first crop of radish¬
es, lettuce, spinach etc., are usually timed
for Thanksgiving week, when demand and
prices promise good returns. These crops,
in many instances, had to be marketed
before the middle of the month, and in
many cases failed to show much
profit, although the cost of production
was unusually light. Tomatoes, cucum¬
bers. bush beans and similar sun-loving
plants have hugely profited by the bril¬
liant weather, and are in splendid condi¬
tion where well cultivated. Bush or
string beans are rarely grown under
glass for market in this locality, but most
private greenhouses put in a bench or two
during the Winter for home use. The
greenhouse Aleyrodes or white fly is now
generally prevalent, and greatly troubles
growers of the above broad-leaved plants.
Fumigation with tobacco and spraying
with weak solutions of laundry soap are
partial cures, but hydrocyanic gas fumi¬
gation seems the only really practical
remedy.

The Isabella Grape. — Fig. 410, page
895, shows the decorative effect of an
Isabella grapevine trained on the rear of
a cottage on the Rural Grounds. This
vine was planted 11 years ago, and made
strong growth from the start, producing
a few bunches of grapes the third year,
and over 150 pounds the sixth season.
Since then the annual crop has not been
weighed, but is estimated at 200 pounds,
two families freely using the grapes from
the time they color in late September
until the last and highest clusters are
picked about November 1. Two years
ago it was necessary to close-prune the
vine and lay it down to repaint the
dwelling, and the opportunity was uti¬
lized to cover the clapboards with good
quality cedar shingles so that paint and
rough treatment to the vine will not be
needed in the future. The highest cane is
something over 20 feet from the ground
and, having a western exposure so that
the fruits are well baked by the afternoon
sun, always bears the sweetest and best
flavored grapes. No fertilizing or cul¬
ture has been given this vine since planting,
the base, now several inches in diameter,
being allowed to grow in sod, but an
explanation of its vigorous and continued
growth may be found in the unusually
thorough preparation of soil before plant¬
ing. The excavation for the cellar was
not symmetrical, and when the foundation
with its accurately square corners was
laid up a crevice, varying from six to 20
inches wide and six feet deep, centering
at the southwest corner and extending
some distance along the side and end of
the building, was left outside the wall.
This we filled from the bottom with good
topsoil, mixed with about one-fifth old
manure and several quarts of ground bone.

A half bushel of large old bones and a
barrow load of wood ashes and burned
earth were put in as the filling progressed,
and the vine, a good two year specimen
with the roots freshly pruned, was firmly
planted. The soil is sandy loam of mod¬
erate fertility with coarse sandy subsoil
running down to water, 28 feet below.
The vine probably gets some benefit from
the small quantity of fertilizer occasionally
applied to the lawn, but must chiefly rely
on the gathering powers of the extensive
root system developed by the deeply
worked soil.

If there is a better grape for the pur¬
pose of continued shade, decoration and
fruit bearing in this locality we do not
know it. We have many varieties, but
Isabella carries the ripening season of
first quality grapes to the period of hard
freezing, and bears more than any 10
other kinds planted at the same time.
Isabella is not flawless in vine or fruit.
Occasionally some leaves mildew, black
rot gets at the shaded clusters, and white
“skippers” have prematurely browned
portions of the foliage during dry
Autumn weather. All grape lovers are
not fond of the distinctive Isabella flavor,
but when the berries are well grown and
thoroughly ripened by the reflected heat
of south or west walls, we prefer them to
those t of any other variety, native or
exotic.- It is useless to expect good
Isabella grapes from close-pruned or low
trellised vines. Let the canes run high
over walls, roofs or trees, pruning only
enough to remove weak and useless shoots,
and to bring the actual fruiting spurs
down to three or four buds. w. v. F.

REEN PEAS should be treated
with a fertilizer containing a
high percentage of Potash, in order
to get the healthiest, fullest pods.

“Truck Farming” and “Plant Food”
are two practical books for the farmer,
which we mail free of any cost or ob¬
ligation to those who write for them.
They contain valuable facts about
truck-gardening as a profitable business.

Address. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York

FOR LACK OF AMBITION:
One Stevens Rifle,
Between Meals,

All the Time.

SANTA CLAUS, M.D.

i

FIRE ARMS

are a sure cure for “What shall I do?” or any form of listlessness.
A “Stevens” may be prescribed with perfect confidence for any
bright American lad. It has been the making of maty a boy , rous¬
ing him from a state of mischievous idleness to wide-awake,
quick-witted usefulness. It raises his self-respect by showing
him how he can be a real help in ridding the farm of thieving
birds and damaging rabbits or foxes. It stirs his ambition as
a hunter and trains him to be careful, quick and ready. It
takes him out of doors at all seasons of the year, giving him

healthy exercise and developing
vigorous, manly qualities.

There is nothing you can give your
boy which will tend more to make
him manly than a Stevens Firearm.

Our Catalogue of Shotguns, Rifles and Pistols, Free

Send two a-cent stamps, to cover postage, and we will mail you free a 140-page book on
Stevens Firearms, their variety, selection and care ; also much valuable iniormation in regard
to ammunition, sights, targets, etc. Every lover of a gun should have it.

Insist that your dealer gives you a Stevens. If he can’t or won’t, write direct to us and
we will send, express prepaid, any Stevens Firearm on receipt of catalogue price.

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO., 200 High Street, Chicopee Falls, Mass., U. S. A.

RIFLES FOR BOYS:
“Stevens-Maynard Jr.'
“Crack Shot”’ . . .

“Little Krag” . . .

“Favorite No. 17”

BLIZZARD AND HORSE ICE CALKS.

Sharpen your own horse. No waiting at the smith's
.Liberal prices to Agents. S. VV.KENT.C'azenovia.N. Y

WONDIRFUL*

CUTTER OFFER

QC buy* this naw
• «Jw 1908 Cutter
Gear, aa llluatratadr

Attach your buggy
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0"*

•s lllustraUd, the
« w e 1 1 eat square
body cutter oa the
market.

WESCLLlll
glades of latest
style Portland Cut¬
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B hafts at lower
prices than ever

before heard of. „ _

WE CAN SHIP ON AN HOUR'S NOTICE.

We have a big stock of all styles on hand and can make
Immediate shipment. For the most wonderful cutter
offer ever heard of, astonishingly low prices, liberal
terms, guarantees, etc., cut this ad. out and send to us,
or on a postal card, or In a letter Bay, “Send me your
Gutter Catalogue. "You will receive by return mall, "free,
postpaid, our latest Cutter, Sleigh and Bob Sled Cata¬
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MOST LIBERAL cutter oiler ever heard of. Address,

SEABS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILu.

Stylish
Cutters

Latest styles, newest
models. Sold direct
from factory to user at
factory prices.

Kalamazoo Axle Runners.

Make an elegant sleigh or your buggy, quick, easy,
cheap. Adjust foranyaxle. Write for catalog now
be fore sleighing time. Special discount on bug¬
gies and carriages for the next 60 days. Address

Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.,

Box 220, Kalamazoo, Mich.

IUBBER-TIRE TOP BUGGY $

With leather - quarter top
and all up-to-date appoint¬
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Sold ou 30 days free trial.

51=

This aud many other bargains
fully described iu our free cata¬
log. We are boua-lide manufac¬
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factory prices. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for free catalog.

U, S. BUGGY & CART CO., Sta. 627, Cincinnati, Ohio.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW
Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CEAItK’8 Dbl. ACTION
CVTA WA P Moves 18,000
Tons of Earth in a Day.
Send for Circulars.

HIQUANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

M05.

899

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Hope Farm Notes

Thanksgiving Notes. — Our local weather
prophet claimed that Thanksgiving would be
clear and very cold. The boys were laugh¬
ing at him the night before, when the ground
was a soft mud, but he was right, for the
mercury fell over 35 degrees in 24 hours, and
a hard wind blew from the northwest. Ex¬
cept for this wind it was a seasonable day.
We had a big tire roaring in the open lire-
place from early morning until late at
night. Friends enough came to help us give
thanks to make 10 turkey eaters for dinner.
For the first time in its history Hope Farm
provided the turkey, and in addition, pota¬
toes. apples, squash, onions, turnips, butter
and cream and nuts. The bread was home¬
made and so was the pudding and pie. Uncle
George provided the celery — the grocer, baker
and butcher had no chance to get fat on
that dinner. The remaining white turkeys
came and looked in the window to see what
had become of their two friends. It was a
good day from the time we started the fire
in the morning until I covered the last embers
for the night. Julius got a day off from the
navy yard and came out to be thankful with
us. lie is a seaman on a United States
gunboat. I call him “the man behind the
gun," and if he will stay behind his beguns
until they are finished he will sink the enemy.

I tried 'to get Julius to dance a sailor's
hornpipe, but be declined. There was a good
long evening before the fire — no lamp needed
— ‘with song and story and recitations until,
the time came for Uncle George and Aunt
Margaret to go home. Then Mother got up
and handed the Bible to Uncle George. He
had left his glasses at home, but he didn't
need them, for he recited the one hundred
and third Psalm from memory. It was a
fit ending for the day. I wish he had gone
right on with the next Psalm also. I wish
I could have had some of these sour and
bitter and discouraged people sitting with us
in the firelight that night as Uncle George,
a man who has lived down troubles and
sorrows, spoke those beautiful words :

Ah for man his (lays are as grass : as a
flower of the field so he flourisheth.

For the wind passeth over it and it is
gone-, and the place thereof shall know it no
more.

But the mercy of the Lord ts from ever-
lasting to everlasting upon them that fear
Him, ' and Ilis righteousness unto children's
children

To such as keep His covenant and to those
that remember His commandments to do them.

I don’t know, but I think some of these
people would have been pretty well ashamed
of themselves for growling as they remem¬
bered how far they had fallen below the
line of plain duty.

It was a great day for Hope Farm. The
boys went out and hitched up old Ned, and
the visitors drove ofT into the frosty night.
Our folks drifted off to bed and left me
alone bv the fire. A good day and a good
year. In some ways we have had harder
knocks than e'ver before, yet the farm never
was more promising or hopeful than it is
now. After all. one of the greatest things
to be thankful for in middle life is that one
can carry a hobby along with fresh and eager
ambition tacked to it. One hobby that T
am carrying is a belief that I can found
a profitable orchard on these rough hills, and
do it in a way that will put it within the
reach of people who have little of either
strength or capital.

Weather Matters. — The cold weather at
Thanksgiving lasted two days. Then a long
rain set in, which soaked the ground thor¬
oughly. This rain was needed, for we have
had scant rain through the Fall and some
of the wells were clearing their throats.
Tills soaking rain, before the ground freezes,
will fill the soil and keep the wells and
springs flowing. The strawberries are not all
covered vet. Other things being equal 1
would as soon have this soaking rain before
the mulch is put on. It Is our turn for a
mild Winter, as we have had two hard ones
in succession. A fair amount of snow will
suit us, and we are planning for considerable
work in the woods. The wood on the fruit
trees is pretty well matured, and we ought to
have a good peach crop next year if the
mercury does not go too low. I realize more
and more that peach growing is a gamble
In this country. Get the trees safely through
frost and it is an even chance that rot will
get the fruit if the scale doesn't. It is true,
however, that nearly every crop we grow Is
more or less of a gamble; onions, potatoes,
berries, all are at the mercy of conditions.
The gambler who wins is the one who knows
most about the cards, and the man who gets
most out of these gambling crops is the one
wbo makes the best study of conditions—
for conditions are the cards in the game of
Nature. I heard a man say once that there
were gambles in all crops except the child
crop. I was not surprised to learn that he
was a childless man. I^et him take half a
dozen children and struggle for a while
against inherited tendencies and barnyard
environment, and see how he comes out.

New Ideas.— I print the following note
from a reader in Virginia, since it illustrates
a point I have long had In mind :

“In a copv af February 18th last. I saw
an article headed. ‘Building a Fireplace,
which I laid awav carefully, as I anticipated
building a wash-house, with a large fireplace,
last Summer, and as I did not know of a fire¬
place of that kind in this country that would
draw well with a kettle on. I thought I
would have it built by it. Since harvest
I built the house, and when I got the ma¬
terial ready for the chimney I got an old
man who 'had been building chimneys all
his life, and claimed he knew all about it,
but I never heard of one built by him that
gave good satisfaction. I stayed by him all
the time and required him to go by the
paper. He got snorting mad sometimes; said
anybody with any sense would know that
that would not draw ; the throat was too
small. When 1 got it down to five inches
I let him fall back and then build the stem
and put an arch over it. We have been using
it since, and it just draws splendidly. I
feel I have got more than the worth of the
paper out of it.” J • w- w-

When that fireplace picture was printed we
felt sure of it. because the man who sent it
knows his busiuess. It was safe to follow
him. I can imagine the feelings of that
stone mason when the owner stood over him
and made him work by copy. That is the
way to do when you are sure of your model.
The trouble is that many of us are not sure
of what we do want, and thus we are at
the mercy of mechanics or builders. The
same thing sometimes happens on a farm,
I know of one case where a woman with a
dairy farm wanted to try Alfalfa. We helped
her all we could with advice, and she seemed
to have a good chance, but this was ruined
by workmen, who made up their minds that
the Alfalfa should have failure stamped

upon It from the start. Of course they
spoiled it — because it was “book farming.
Happy is the man who feels sure of himself,
and can stand over such fellows and make
them "hew to the line.” You cau do this
better with a chimney or a house than with
a living thing like an animal or a plant !

Help ! Help ! Help !— That is about what
we hear in every mail. A typical case is
that of a dairyman in New York State who
wants a man and his wife. He is mainly
anxious for the wife, for he can get fair
help outdoors, but it seems almost hopeless
to try to get help indoors. His wife is over¬
worked, and must have help. After trying
everywhere it is no wonder this man says :

“I cannot quite understand why girls and
women generally look upon housework as
they do, especially in country. We always
treat our help as one of the family, and surely
would not consider them beneath us, if their
general behaviour was good, simply because
they were hired help.”

That is a more important question in its
bearing upon the future of this country than
the tariff, free silver or railroad legislation.
If any man can answer it I will vote for
him to hold a place in the “Hall of Fame."
For one reason, our modern system of edu¬
cation is wrong. It creates wrong ideals,
and so far as I have observed, gives the
children of poor parents a contempt for
homely service and really useful labor. In
a circular issued by A. It. Hill of the Mis¬
souri Teachers' College the following sensi¬
ble statement is made :

“In my judgment, the most serious charge
that can be made against our high school
system is that it has not been satisfactory
as a means of selecting the right persons for
the right positions in life. The selection
has been confined too narrowly to a basis of
ability in abstract and formal studies, such
as mathematics, grammar, and foreign
languages. The boy adapted to efficiency in
affairs, in agriculture, and in commerce has
been eliminated from the system because he
was not fit for the kind of narrow training
it provided, though he was in every way
most fit for extended training in the line of
his own interests and genius.”

If this training is ‘narrow” for the boys
what is it for the girls? It is turning out
an army of second-class typewriters and
clerks who could have made good cooks and
helpers. It is also responsible for many
slack and inefficient housekeepers, who in
turn spoil servants, so that the trouble is
carried all down the line. I hear women say
they would rather die than leave the city
and work in the country. The ideals of
modern society are wrong, and country people
are suffering as a result. I have a letter
from a woman who says she would rather
see her daughter (if she had one) dead than
married to an American farmer ! I will pay
my best respects to her later. Really, I
might to amend mv statement by saying that
public education is not so much at fault as
the fond and foolish parents who do not give
their children the proper home influences.

Protecting Trees. — A doctor in West
Virginia wants to know :

“S. T. Maynard advises painting trees with
lime wash and Paris-green, one tablespoonful
of Paris-green to two quarts of lime wash.
Could this application in any way whatever
prove injurious to the trees? If not, would
it not also proves a germicide to the San Jost1
scale and other insect pests?” J. a. c.

We feel about this as we did about that
fireplace, because we think Prof. Maynard
knows what he is talking about. Don’t put
too much Paris-green in the mixture and then
come back and say you followed directions
and killed the trees. I have not tried it. as
mounding around the base of the trees does
the job for us. Paris-green will not kill the
San Jos6 scale. That is a sucking insect.
Paris-green Is useful only against those In¬
sects that gnaw and eat.

Another man in New Y'ork asks ;

“Will a thick whitewash, of lime well
seasoned with pepper or mixed with strong
tobacco water keep mice from gnawing peach
trees.” R- w.

I don’t know, but I doubt It. I think mice
will nest in tobacco stems, and I don’t believe
the pepper would last long enough to do any
good. I would rather risk the Paris-green
wash. T think the tobacco would trouble
rabbits more than mice. h. w. c.

HUBBARD’S WINDOW SASH LOCK

BEST ON EARTH. Not merely
a catch, but a LOCK. Stops Burglars,
Rattling Sash. Stops wind and Rain;
out of sight. Safe for ventilation.

$3.00 dozen; 25 cents each.
Cauvassers wanted. Liberal offer,
For terms, circulars, etc., apply to

D. S. HUBBARD SON & C0„
259 Third Ave., Bay Shore, N. Y.

THE WATERLOO

GASOLINE ENGINE

A POPULAR
ENGINE AT THE
RIGHT PRICE.

Write to-day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

WATERLOO. IOWA

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower
sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3.000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed, does
not draw temper or'
heat tools. Every 1
home needsit. Write
for price and circu¬
lar. A few good
agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC. CO., 226 E. Walnut St„ Lancaster. Pa.

ICE

la4.

la Threa
Bisea.

CUTTING 1 w*th7

DOBSCII All Steel, Double-
Bow ICE PLOWS. Marks aud

cuta two rows at a time ; cuts any size cake __

aud any depth, and does it with ease and economy. <

Does the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays for itself tiP
two days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

John Dortch A Sous. 2 26 W ells bt-.illl w uukec. W La.

There is no great mystery about
wagon-building. It’s just like the fellow
said about making a piano :

"Anybody could do it if he had the tools,
could get the material and knew how.”

For the same reason there is no mystery about the

Studebaker Excellence,
Studebaker Superiority

Because we do have the tools— the best possible facilities for vehicle and
harness making — the largest vehicle factory in the world (it covers 101 acres)
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We do get the materials. Because we are the largest buyers of vehicle ma¬
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We do know how. Our "know how’’ is founded on more than 50 years experi¬
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But, more than that, our superior facilities, our extra choice materials, our ex¬
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That’s why we maintain extensive laboratories for testing all materials used
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That’s why we inspect and re-inspect every piece of work turned out by every
department.

And that’s why the Studebaker enjoys the reputation it has— more than a
million in daily use — used the world over and growing every day in popularity.

f- m

THE STUDEBAKER
A Wagon with a Reputation. I

If you are a man who wants the best

See the Studebaker Agent

before you buy a farm wagon, a buggy, a carriage or anything in the vehicle or harness
line. He will not ask you to buy on reputation alone. He will show you point by point
wherein the Studebaker excels and you can see for yourself.

If you don’t know a Studebaker agent, write to us. Enclose a 2 cent stamp and we’ll
send you the Studebaker Farmer’s Almanac for 1906, free. Please address Dept.54

Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., South Bend, Ind.

Selling Agents Almost Everywhere.

*• A D CTJI/ /l /’■> f I IE7 9 9 COMBINATION CIRCULAR AND DRAG

/A DC /V A Vac U saw outfit with 5 h. p. engine

Everything
on one set
of trucks.
Simple,
Strong,

Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE
ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

Write for Free Cat. O.

A SIMPLICITY GASOLINE ENGINE

pnFP fill TQIII to any man who require, power on
lllkk UH I nlML hi* farm. To prove that the SIM¬
PLICITY will do more work at leas cost In less time than any

other power or any other engine, we will let you use It first, and

then If satisfied you can pay for It on our easy term,. FREE
TRIAL PLAN, catalogue allowing engine In use, Instruction aud
experience books, all sent FREE to those who write. Address

WESTERN MALLEABLE & GREY IRON MFG.
CO., 30 Chase St., Milwaukee, Wis.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3*-2 H. P.
engine at half
price.

C. H. A. Dissinger & Bro

400 Cherry Street
Wrightsville, Penna

UK*

Type A

with

Pump

Tiere is no gas en¬
gine as simple as an
Olds — compare it with
others and this statement
is proved. The repairs cost
practically nothing.

[The Most Economical Engine^

For pumping, sawing wood, feed grinding,
churning, and all farm work.

• .
The reason why is interestingly told in our cata¬
log mailed on request. Tell us your require¬
ments and we will help you figure out what you
need. Send for our catalog showing Type A (2-
8 h. p„) Type G ( 8-60 h. p.,1 Types K and N ( 12-
1200 h.p., used with our Gas Producer, it will
reduce fuel cost 75 per cent.)

Celebrated Picture Free.

Forte in stamps to pay cost of mailing we
will also send you Rosa Bonheur’s “Horse
Fair,” the most celebrated animal pic¬
ture in the world, size 16x20 beauti¬
fully colored, suitable for framing.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE WORKS.

gQg Cbe.tDut St., Lui«1d,, Mich.

Making Winter
Money.

In this country there is a vast oppor¬
tunity for the man on the farm to turn
his winter days into money- There is
work everywhere for a man who owns
and knows how to handle a good, service¬
able power. And it does not take a tech¬
nical man, a trained mechanic to make
money in this way. We do the technical
part. We study the thing out and put it
up to you. Then you make money all
through the winter days when most of
; your neighbors are idle. That’s what
makes men prosperous and powerful in
this country — taking advantage of the
I opportunities that lie right at their door.

Take the matter up with our Farm
Power Men. Write about the work in
[ your neighborhood and let us lay out a
money making campaign f ryou. Itwon’t
cost you anything to see /hat we can sug¬
gest. And don’t wait. Write now. Let us
send you our free book on Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men,

THE FAIRBANKS CO.,

NEW YORK.

Scales, trucks , valves and fittings, gas and
gasoline engines, /arm machines , machine
tools , factory power transmission ,
factory supplies .

Albany. New Orleans, Baltimore,
Boston. Philadelphia, Pittsburg,
Buffalo, Syracuse, Hartford,

Bangor, Me.,

] London, England, Glasgow, Scotland.

9oo

THE RURAL NEW-YORKF.R

December 16,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1860.

Herbert W. Coi.lingwood, Editor.

I)n. WALTER Van Fleet, / . .

Mus. K. T. Ho VLB, j- Associates.

John J. Dillon. Business Manager.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8 Mi marks, or 10 Mi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must lie sent to us within one
month of the time of t lie transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal cheek or bank draft.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Among other good features at the West Virginia Hor¬
ticultural meeting was an auction of the fruits placed on
exhibition. A good crowd of townspeople attended, and
the bidding started at 10 cents a plate. A good sum of
money was realized, and every plate thus sold started a
new fruit eater or brightened up an old one. One good
thing about this meeting was that people took an interest
in it. While it lasted it was the event of the town —
made so because fruit growing has been made honorable
and profitable in that locality.

*

The article on the next page is a fair statement of
the cattle tick problem which confronts the South.
This little insect has prevented the Southern States
from occupying the position in beef and milk produc¬
tion to which their climate and soil entitle them. Here
we have a large section of the country held up in its
development by an insect which can with thorough work
be exterminated. It is too large a problem for the
South alone, and the Federal Government should take
hold of the matter, just as it should aid in destroying
the Gypsy moth in New England.

*

Last Summer President Roosevelt called attention
to the long letters and tremendous bulletins sent from
the various National departments. He fails to practice
what he preaches by issuing a message of such fearful
length that few busy people will read it all. It is in
many respects a strong document, but too long. In all
this flow of words we hunt in vain for any special ref¬
erence to the direct needs of agriculture. Not a word
is said about a parcels post. The arguments for railroad
legislation are well presented, and we advise readers to
study this part of the President’s message carefully.

*

In England complaint is made of low prices for
potatoes. The crop was fair, but rot was extensive,
and fear of its spreading induced many growers to
market earlier than usual. This has brought the price
down. As soon as it goes up again imports of German
and Belgian potatoes will begin. Some older men can
remember the good old days when a shortage of pota¬
toes in one country surely meant high prices. Now a
dozen countries are ready to pour their surplus into any
market when the price reaches a certain figure. The
German potato crop is over three times as large as the
American. A large share of it is used for making
alcohol, but millions of bushels could be sent abroad

at short notice if called for.

*

The New York Experiment Station has issued a
volume which means to fruit growers what a great
and comprehensive history would mean to intelligent
scholars. “The Apples of New York” is beyond all
question the best volume on apple varieties that has yet
appeared. Well bound and beautifully printed, and
thoroughly reliable ; it reflects great credit upon Prof.
S. A. Beach and his assistants, Mr. Booth and Mr.
Taylor. The R. N.-Y. seldom offers unqualified praise
to the literary productions of the experiment stations,
for we are frank to say that they seldom deserve it.
We can appreciate the vast amount of work necessary
to prepare such a volume and we are very glad that it

has been printed. The best way to obtain this volume
is through members of the New York Legislature. The
present volume describes Winter varieties of apples,
Fall and Summer varieties will be discussed in another
volume.

*

Twenty-five years ago he would have been voted a
wild man who said that any part of the South would be
headquarters for daify cattle. The wildness of one age
is the wisdom of another. The country around Stark-
ville, Miss., is noted for its Jersey cattle. From a single
herd the blood has spread till there is hardly a cow in
the county without some trace of the Jersey. Grade
heifers are sent away in carload lots all over the South.
The business is better than that of growing beef steers.
We sometimes hear the farmers of a neighborhood say :
“If w all go into it the thing will be overdone, and we
cannot sell the goods.” Usually the reverse of this is
true. When a number of farmers begin together to
grow Jersey cattle. Leghorn hens, Baldwin apples or
some other product the quality is likely to improve.
Competition is stimulated, and each tries to surpass the
other. This means improvement. It advertises the sec¬
tion, and attracts buyers who can come and buy carload
lots if they desire. All this is a form of cooperation,
showing how men may work together fairly and hon¬
estly to help themselves and their neighborhood.

*

Attorney-General Moody gives another reason why
the Interstate Commerce Commission should have the
power to regulate railroad rates. He says that rail¬
road officials have declined to give evidence which
would prove illegal rebates.

The Department lias been, and is. willing to accept the
evidence either of the shipper or of the railroad official, gis'-
Ing him the immunity from prosecution which would result
from the use of the evidence, and to proceed by indictment
against the other guilty party. But, for reasons which will
be appreciated by all. men have shrunk from betraying tbeir
confederates. The cases therefore in which evidence has
been or will be obtained are occasional and exceptional, and
unless we are content to allow the evil of the discriminatory
practice by common carriers to continue, with now and then
the punishment of a detected crime, some remedy which
reaches deeper than any law now upon the statute book
must be found.

Such a remedy would be the power, upon complaint,
to fix a maximum rate subject to appeal to the court.
Having made this rate the Commission could hold the
railroad responsible, and then if it were caught giving
rebates to preferred shippers there could be no dodging
or evading the issue. The result would be that rates
would be lowered, because the action of the railroad in
giving low figures to one shipper would show what it
could do for all.

*

What has become of the “Seedless apple”? We un¬
derstand that a company has been formed for the pur¬
pose of propagating and selling the trees. Exhibits
showing specimens of the fruit in sealed jars have been
made at various fruit shows. We recently met Mr.
Scheu, the general manager of the company. He finds
fault because when we pictured the apple which he
brought us we did not state that it had been frozen.
Just what this freezing would have to do with the core
of the apple we are unable to say. If Mr. Scheu or any
one else will bring or send us what they call perfect
specimens of the apple we will cut them open and have
photographs made at once. We will also submit the
flesh of the apple to recognized authorities and print
just what they say about it. The R. N.-Y. cannot
afford to do any apple or any man an injustice.

• *

Some of the people who have swallowed the reading
matter as well as the contents of some of the unknown
number of different breakfast foods now on the market
will get a shock by reading a bulletin recently issued by
the Maine Experiment Station. According to it the
value of many of these is widely overstated by their
makers, and such statements should be taken with a
grain of salt. Another exploded theory that most of us
have had is that when we were eating graham or
whole wheat bread our system was getting much more
protein into it, and that we were doing the right thing.
We had thought that a continual diet of white bread
was impoverishing the system ; yet now one of our
western experiment stations has proved that the system
gets more digestible protein from white bread than from
either graham or whole wheat. The reason is the ease
of digestion of the protein in the white flour, and the
hardness of digesting it in the others.

*

As strong a business protest as we have read is that
sent to President Roosevelt by 29 leading seedsmen
against the free seed distribution. Congress has singled
out the one business of seed selling for public interfer¬
ence. Seedsmen have $20,000,000 invested in honorable
business, yet the Government each year mails, free of
postage, 40,000,000 packets of very ordinary seeds.
Nowhere else on the face of the civilized earth does
the Government go out of its way to interfere with a
single line of legitimate commerce. It is said that this
Government’s distribution includes more small packets

than are annually sold by all the seedsmen in the
country. This business is “class legislation” of the
worst sort, and the seedsmen do well to go direct to
the President, who is on record as calling for “a square
deal.” This is the way they talk to him :

We respectfully urge, Mr. President, that you may see
fit to incorporate in your next annual message a paragraph
disapproving of the free seed distribution, as has been pur¬
sued for some years past, and to recommend that the intent
of the original Act be alone the future policy — that intent
being the procuring from foreign parts seeds and roots of
plants heretofore unintroduced, and such as are believed
would flourish on our plains, in our valleys and on our moun¬
tains, and thus* diversify the agricultural and horticultural
production of the nation.

There seems to be little use in expecting Congress
to stop this petty "graft.” The President is on record
as opposed to the principle of it, and relief must come
from him.

*

The following note from one of our best contributors
is a fair sample of a dozen:

I wonder if you are hinting at my lead pencil when you
refer to typewriter on page 854? With the lead pencil
and tablet I can sit down before the fire as I am now doing,
and with tablet on my knee write without much effort.
Still, I want to do as good work as possible.

It would be hard to say that we had any particularly in
mind. Typewritten copy is much safer if a writer ex¬
pects to get his exact meaning into print. In former
years, when type was set up by hand, most compositors
were skilled at reading hand-written copy. That was
before the days of typewriters. Now most of the work
on weekly papers is done by machinery and the workmen
know little of handwriting. They work from typewrit¬
ten copy almost entirely, and some of the blunders they
make in trying to decipher letters are very amusing.
They have simply lost the art of reading pen work.
Often the only way to make sure of an article is to have
it typewritten before it is put in type. It is certainly
easier to sit by the fire and dash off an article, but the
best work is not done that way. It would be better to
lay this first copy aside for a time, then take it up for
another study and copy it on a typewriter. New forms
of expression will grow in this way, and the time spent
in rewriting and copying will not be lost. A large pro¬
portion of the articles we receive show haste and lack
of true thought. In some cases they are not even read
over, as the pages are left without numbering them in
order. All this will be avoided by the use of a type¬
writer — at the same time we welcome any honest ques¬
tion or expression of opinion no matter how written — •
these remarks applying to those who make something of
a business of writing. Some of the very best letters and
articles we receive are evidently written by stiff hands
not used to pen work, and we would not lose a single
one of them.

BREVITIES .

Solid value is lost in liquid manure.

California will now try the turkey crop.

Use the culled poultry for culinary purposes.

I. a st Cali.! Push the mulch back from the young trees!

A lazy man is like lightning— he follows the path of
least resistance.

Happy and wise is the man who can estimate “taffy” at
its true valuation.

What, after all is the best thing in life? To be able to
say “I have kept the faith.”

Why is farm butter-making usually classed as women’s
work any more than sawing wood?

Jail without bail will do more to cool the “scorching”
auto drivers than a barrel full of fines.

A Jersey cow in Indiana is reported to be fond of live
chicken ! She knocked over a coop and devoured a dozen
young birds!

While dressing a chicken a Texas woman found a $150
diamond. Now the man who claims to have lost the stone
brings suit against the woman to recover property.

One of the most useful men in public life is Secretary
of the Interior Hitchcock. lie has worked quietly and fear¬
lessly, nipping rascals and saving property for the Govern¬
ment. lie should stay right where he is.

A canning factory in Maine will put up New England
“boiled dinners" in two and four-quart cans. This factory
turned out this year 12,000 gallons of apples, 400,000 cans
of sweet corn, 10,000 beans, 40,000 peas. 10,000 squash and
12,000 pumpkins.

An English court has given damages against both owner
and tenant of a limekiln. The smoke and fumes from this
kiln injured crops aud trees of a nearby gardener, who sued
for damages. The court holds that the owner became lia¬
ble by giving a lease to the tenant.

An Iowa woman has brought suit against a druggist for
$4,500 damages, because she has injured her health by buy¬
ing, contrary to the laws of Iowa. $650 worth of liquor from
the druggist during four years. It would seem quite logical
if the State of Iowa now sues the bibulous lady for inducing
the druggist to violate the laws by selling her liquor.

It Is said that the State of Maine paid $8,409.43 last year
for sheep killed by dogs! It seems that 209 different towns
put in claims for damages done to domestic animals by
curs. No one need imagine that this sum paid for 10 per
cent of the loss sustained through the work of these worth¬
less brutes. Most of the Eastern States now by law put the
deer and the rabbit above the farmer. They are now getting
ready to put the dog above either !

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

9oi

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

DOMESTIC. — In one of the most terrific gales in the his¬
tory of the great lakes, even surpassing in fury the terrific
Storm of last September, in which so many men lost their
lives, three big lake steamers were driven ashore November
28 within sight of the lighthouse at Duluth. Minn. Lake
Superior from Duluth to the Soo, the upper peninsula of
Michigan, the upper ends of Lakes Huron and Michigan
and the northern counties of lower Michigan was swept by
i terrific wind and snowstorm. The blizzard raged with
a velocity of from 40 to 00 miles an hour, and all the
harbors from I’ort Huron north on I^ake Huron aud from
Sault Ste. Marie north on Lake Superior were filled with
vessels which had run in for shelter. Marquette reported
an unusually heavy snowfall for this time of year, with
Irifts so high that train and traction service was impeded
ind greatly delayed. The total property loss of the storm
is put. at .$2,710,500 ; ,‘16 ships were wrecked and 17 lives
lost. One hundred aud forty-nine lives have been sacrificed,
more than seventy ships wrecked and a loss of nearly
$7,000,000 has been sustained in the three big storms on
the (ireat Lakes this season. That this is the most dis¬
astrous season in the history of shipping on the lakes is
(teyond question. Shipping and dock property at Wauke¬
gan. Ill., forty miles north of Chicago, was seriously dam-
agd December 1 by a tidal wave seven feet in height, which
5 wept in from I-ake Michigan. The steamship Tioga was
driven against the pier and a small hole knocked in its
side, and two tugs in the harbor were also slightly damaged.
. . . . It was discovered at Philadelphia. Pa.. Novem¬

ber 28. that upward of five hundred immigrants within the
last four years have been kidnapped and sent to torture
on the oyster boats in the Chesapeake Bay, and many of
them are believed to have met their death on these boats.
Plie full report of this discovery will unearth a tale of
frlme that has no equal in the history of shanghaing.
Certain policemen are believed to be party to these crimes,
and evidence, expected within a week, will show, it is
said, that they winked al, connived and shared in the graft.
There is little doubt now that the bodies found in the
Delaware from time to time, and designated by coroners’
juries as “found drowned,” were those of men actually
murdered on oyster boats. . . . Charles F. Douglass, a

farmer, his wife and two children were instantly killed
December 1 by an explosion near Weston, W. Va. Their
borne was wrecked and later caught fire, almost consuming
the bodies. The explosion was felt for a distance of five
miles and caused much excitement. It is supposed the
pain sprung a leak and the gas was in some way Ignited.

. . . . Nine men were burned to death in a fire which

lestroyed a pullboat on which thev slept on Middle River,
Mabama, December 1. . . . Gov. Chamberlain and State

Land Agent Oswald West have closed the last link in a
.T.ain of evidence that discloses the most astounding land
fraud transactions yet brought to light in Oregon. The
operators have forged the signature of the clerk of the
Land Board and the seal of the State and have sold or
hypothecated the spurious certificates among bankers and
capitalists all over the United States. The certificates are
So cleverly done that they can hardly be distinguished from
the genuine. Even State Land Office clerks have been de¬
ceived and have issued deeds upon false certificates. Forged
Certificates are held in Minneapolis and other Minnesota
cities. In Wisconsin, in Chicago, New York. New Jersey
and even as far south as Florida. The holders must lose
their money unless they recover from their assignors. . .

. . The warehouse of the Standard Oil Company at
Armourdale, Kan., was burned November 30, causing a
loss of ,$175,000. The property was not insured. . . .

The five-story building of the Graff Stove and Range Com¬
pany in Pittsburg, I’a., was destroyed by fire November 30,
Ihe loss being about .$150,000. Adjoining buildings were
Slightly damaged. . . . The steamship Lunenburg, from

Pictou. N. S., to the Magdalens, struck Amherst Island, on
the Nova Scotia coast, December 4, in a blinding snow¬
storm; 11 lives lost.

CONGRESS. — The Fifty-ninth Congress convened Decem¬
ber 4. President Roosevelt's annual message is a document
of tremendous length, discussing exhaustively the subjects
which he has especially at heart, and, also covering the
whole field of the public interests of the country. He re¬
asserts the right of the Federal Government to supervise
the corporations engaged in interstate commerce, and pre¬
sents the question of railway rate regulation as the prime
matter for Congress to deal with. He advocates the giving
of power to some administrative body created by Congress
(such as the present or a reorganized Interstate Commerce
Commission), to supervise railway rates, and, in cases where
they are unjust or unreasonable, to prescribe maximum
reasonable rates. Rebates in every form must be stopped,
and private car companies and industrial roads must also
come under supervision. It is also suggested that there
should be a system of examination of railway accounts like
that now conducted In the case of the national banks. The
exposures of the life insurance investigation call forth the
President’s strong condemnation of the lark of a sense of
ordinary business honesty, in the officials of the companies,
and lead him to renew his recommendation that Congress
consider whether the business of insurance should not he
brought under the oversight of the Bureau of Corporations,
or otherwise made subject to Federal control. Other topics
discussed are the naturalization laws; breaches of trust in
the public service; public land law reforms; the merchant
marine ; immigration restriction, including a plea for greater
liberality towards the Chinese; needs of the Indians; legis¬
lation for the Philippines and other island possessions; and
Statehood, the President favoring two States of the four
'Territories desiring admission.

THE CATTLE TICK WAR.

The Southern States Association of Commissioners of Agri¬
culture held Its seventh annual meeting in Richmond, Va.,
November 22-24, and had a most successful aud entertaining
meeting. While tobacco, fruits, dairying, cotton and the
boll-weevil each had its share of the programme immigration
led in Interest, with the cattle tick a close second, the latter
being considered a matter for immediate solution, and of
great practical value, in connection with the improvement
of farming methods by diversification of crops in the South,
especially as supplementary to the raising of the peculiarly
southern crops. Inasmuch as the other topics considered
were more or less local in their application, and the “cattle
tick” question does have more or less bearing upon the entire
cattle industry of States contiguous to and even remote from
the cotton-growing States, and since Congress will be asked
to appropriate considerable sums in ensuing years for the
eradication of this pest, it may he of some interest to enter
into a fuller discussion of the matter.

Rather unexpectedly to all who have not been conversant
with the subject, the Cotton boll-weevil has been the chief
exciting cause leading to a desire for improvement in cul¬
tural methods, and for the production of more cattle to
consume the products of rotation crops throughout Texas and
Louisiana. While the Experiment Station of Louisiana has
demonstrated that cattle which “top” the market may be
raised in, that State, it has also experienced the relentless
fact that the cattle tick handicaps all the efforts of the
planter in that direction, and that the ticks must be exter¬
minated by concerted State and Federal action before any
marked and permanent improvement can be made. That
such tick eradication is entirely feasible over large areas
and ultimately in all of the South has been amply demon¬
strated by North Carolina, where Veterinarian Tait Butler,
acting under the Commissioners of Agriculture, has elimi¬
nated the tick from the pastures and cattle of 12 counties,
and is continuing the work in other counties, any of which
equal the areas of small States. The meeting of the Com¬
missioners of Agriculture of 11 States to discuss and finally
to ask for an appropriation for the eradication of cattle tiiks
was the culmination of a long series of events, rendered
possible since early in the nineties, when the U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture worked out the facts concerning the
cattle tick and the disease it carries to northern or non-
Immune cattle. A few years prior to that time, the Depart-

men had established a more or less effective quarantine upon
the movements of all southern cattle in Summer, but it was
not until the facts had been worked out that the quarantine
was made more rigorous, and greater protection for north¬
ern tick-free territories secured. Until the last year, how¬
ever, the Department seems to have been quite satisfied
with the quarantine and its enforcement, and has left for
individuals and States through their commissioners of agri¬
culture and experiment stations to demonstrate the feasi¬
bility of the radical plan of entire eradication of ticks over
large areas. Within a year the United States Department
has undertaken to enlarge upon the work already done on
the life history of the cattle tick, and is now. through its
Entomological Bureau, and in co-operation with southern
experiment stations, gathering data for a very comprehen¬
sive understanding of the tick in preparation for the field
work to follow.

The papers presented at the meeting were “Preliminary
Measures to he Adopted in Dealing with the Extermination
of the Cattle Tick,” by .1. R. Mohler, Pathologist, Bureau of
Animal Industry; “Practicability of Exterminating the Cat¬
tle Tick in the South," by Tait Butler, State Veterinarian of
North Carolina: "Methods of Exterminating the Cattle Tick
Based on Its Life History and Habits," by C. A. Carey,
State Veterinarian of Alabama, together with a discussion
by II. A. Morgan, Director of the Tennessee Experiment Sta¬
tion, and by Cooper Curtice. Animal Husbandman of the
Rhode Island Experiment Station. What the movement
means to the South and to its agriculture cannot be told in
few words. The cattle ticks have been the chief means of
reducing or holding back the cattle industry of 14 States
and Territories to the present conditions therein. August
Mayer of Shreveport, Louisiana, a cotton grower, who has
failed in his cattle experiments after spending thousands of
dollars, has from his study of cattle statistics of the South
estimated a loss of not less than three hundred millions of
dollars annually. W. R. Dodson, Director of the Louisiana
Experiment Station, Tait Butler, and others believe that the
southern cattle industry cannot thrive in face of the losses.
All southern agriculturists are advising diversified crops and
more cattle. If a northern man would appreciate the condi¬
tions, he must study them in the South close at hand. The
writer has long known of this handicap upon the southern
cattle industry, and believes that the conditions are not
over-estimated.

The interests of the North in the situation are more than
would at first appear. For the United States Government
to maintain a perpetual cattle quarantine on a portion of it?
cattle, when the reasons for the quarantine may be econ¬
omically removed, does not seem just or reasonable; the
more especially when in the past it has exterminated “foot-
and-mouth” disease, and contagious pleuro-pneumonia. and ts
now stamping out sheep and cattle scab. Texas fever, the
name by which the northern cattle trade knows the trouble,
is a constant menace to the northern markets. It costs
heavily to maintain quarantine against it. and constant
guard to prevent its spreading from the special pens set
aside for quarantine cattle. In spite of all precautions north¬
ern cattle are at times infected to the ruin of their owners.

The South is otherwise well adapted to the raising of cat¬
tle, and a recognition of this has led to the former importa¬
tion of a host of northern purebreds, which have usually suc¬
cumbed to the lick before the first season is over. The erad¬
ication of the tick means a home market for northern breed¬
ers. Even now the recently disinfected areas are stocking up
with a better grade of cattle than ever before possible. The
movement means much also to northern and western home-
seekers. It makes it possible for farmers seeking a milder
climate, like that of the Piedmont region of the South, to
take with them their cattle and farm as they have been ac¬
customed to do in the North, and so suffer no loss through
the disease or the disadvantages of quarantine. The South
has asked the Federal Government to extend a helping
hand, and the North should urge upon its representatives in
Congress that aid should be extended as a matter of self-
preservation, prudential economy and justice. The recent
convention of the Commissioners of Agriculture of the Cot¬
ton States was an epoch-making one for the cattle industry
of the country, and its effects will be far reaching. War
was declared against the cattle tick, and eradication was
shown to be easy, practiciible, and profitable. c. c.

Education
of Any Sort
Free

For Boys or Girls
or Women

Offered by The Ladies’
Home Journal and The
Saturday Evening Pjst.

You can keep on study¬
ing and earn enough money
to pay your expenses while
you’re doing it. The work
is getting new subscribers
for these periodicals and
looking after the renewals.

And, if you work system¬
atically, you can get $1000
extra in a few months; or
maybe $500, $400, $300,
$250, $150, $100.

Surely your expenses.
Whoever has success in him
can get his start now.

Write to

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E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

CHAMPION EVAPORATOR.

For Maple, Sorghum,
Cider and Fruit
.Jellies.

CHAMPION
EVAPORATOR
CO. HUDSON, 0

Mc CLURE’S
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AUpuST l 905.

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a Lincoln?

You know it by heart— the story of Lincoln’s
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magazine in which everything is good and
appeals to me, it is one, too, that will sat¬
isfy the farmer and his whole family.”

It can’t all be told here— fill in the
coupon aud see for yourself — you take
no risk.

Send in the coupon , Today.

S. S. McCLURE, Editor,

MCCLURE’S MAGAZINE, New York City

EDITOR McCLURE’S MAGAZINE, COUPON
New York City.

I accept your offer to test your magazine.
Enter my subscription for one full year.

After receiving three months’ sample copies,
I will do one of two things— either send you 51.00
for the full year's subscription, or write you to
stop the magazine, when you are to cancel this
subscription and the sample copies are to be
free to me as a test.

Name

P. O. Addrv«s

State

J

902

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 16,

From Day to Day.

A LEGEND OP THE CHRIST CHILD.
Many a day, to Nazareth

Of old, were angels sent.

To aid sweet Mary in her work,

And help they gladly lent
To her and Joseph’s gain :

They washed the linen, lit the fire.

And made all bright as her desire;

Unseen they wielded saw and plane.

They laid the cloth, the chips they swept
And no one guessed 'twas angels’ care

And nightly toiled while Joseph slept,
Would that we could have seen them there.
— Isabella Howe Piske, in December Good
Housekeeping.

♦

Paquin belts are made after a new
model which fits very snugly, giving a
trim outline. They are made of strong
elastic, covered with shirred taffeta,
mounted with gilt or oxidized buckles.
These belts cost from $1.25 to $3.50 each.

*

A Chicago woman who feared that her
little fortune of $16,000 cooled her hus¬
band’s affection for her burned all the
money and was pained to find that the
fire thus kindled did not warm him a bit.
She has since been obliged to sue him for
non-support, and may be held up to point
a moral for the many women who do not
recognize the value of plain common sense
in securing matrimonial happiness. An
unimaginative man of frugal mind might
well wonder whether the wife’s next step,
after burning her own money, would be to
burn his.

*

After buying a new coat it will be a
good plan to cover ordinary dress shields
on one side with silk or satin matching
the coat lining, binding very neatly, then
sew firmly into the coat, just as one would
in a dress waist. This is a necessary
precaution, for when wearing a thin waist
a woman who perspires freely will often
soil her coat lining. Tt also saves wear
just where the lining goes first. Good
tailors usually put these shields in, and
a careful woman may well follow their
example. Where free perspiration causes
inconvenience, it is wise to buy shields of
special pattern, such as those which curve
from a narrow point at the shoulder seam

down under the arm.

*

Any woman who has finished dressing
in the tiny lavatory of a Pullman car
knows how hairpins, combs and toilet
knick-knacks fly out of reach and roll to
inaccessible corners whenever the train
gives a lurch. A traveling apron does
away with this trouble. Tt is a short
apron of colored linen, having a belt that
buttons firmly. The lower part of the
apron is turned up to make a pocket six
or seven inches deep, which should be
lined with oiled silk. The pocket is di¬
vided into three or four compartments.
The waterproof lining permits one to roll
up washcloth or towel when damp. While
making one’s toilet the apron is buttoned
around the waist, and all small articles
are safely stored in the pockets. When
not in use it is rolled up like any dressing
case, holding toilet appliances, and taking
up very little room.

*

Breaded rabbit is a change from famil¬
iar modes of cooking this wild meat and
will be found to give much improvement
in flavor. Dress the rabbit, then let it
soak over night in cold salt water. Cut
into neat pieces, and boil gently until ten
der in clear water to which an onion has
been added. Let it cool and drain; then
dip in well-beaten egg, roll in cracker
crumbs and fry in hot butter. Serve with
cranberry sauce. Barbecued rabbit, a fav¬
orite southern dish, may also be recom¬
mended : Lay the rabbit in salt and water
30 minutes, then scald with boiling water
and wipe dry, rub well with butter, and
sprinkle with pepper and salt. Broil until
quite brown, and lay on a hot dish ; butter
plentifully on both sides. Prepare a sauce
of four teaspoons of vinegar, one tea¬

spoon of made mustard, one of currant
jelly and one of walnut catsup. Pour this
hot over the rabbit.

*

A dress bag, to slip over a gown or
jacket suit when hanging in the closet, is
a great convenience ; one hardly realizes
how much dust is warded off until the
bag is examined. It is simply a plain bag
made of two widths of close cotton goods
(percale, lawn or cambric are good) long
enough to draw over the entire suit after
it is placed on a cloak hanger. The bag is
drawn up tight at the top with draw¬
strings. Made of pretty lawn or percale,
drawn up with ribbon strings, it is both
ornamental and useful, though where
economy is sought we make such bags
from old cotton gowns that have faded
in washing. Another useful trifle is a
corset bag, in which that garment may
be stored away ; everyone knows the in¬
convenience of the ordinary corset box.
It is merely a narrow bag made the proper
length and width for the corset to slip
into when rolled up, and is closed with
draw strings. It made be made of two
strips of handsome ribbon, lined with
white lawn, or may be constructed from
an odd piece of chintz or similar goods.

*

Air-cushion shoes are a new comfort
especially designed for the man or woman
whose complaining feet make walking a
torture. The foot rests on a cushion of
sponge rubber, that takes away the jar
from stepping and distributes the pressure
evenly. It is said to be a special comfort
for tiie victim of corns upon the sole of
the foot. These shoes cost $5 a pair, and
can be obtained in several styles, both lace
and button. They are handsomely made,
too. without the ugliness of shape we so
often see in supposedly comfortable shoes.
For an old lady’s house shoe, the prettiest
model is of quilted black satin with leather
sole and heel. It comes up to the height
of an ordinary laced shoe; is warmly
lined, bordered with gray squirrel fur and
tied with two sets of satin ribbon. It is
a handsome shoe, and will be appreciated
by an elderly woman who wants a warm
house shoe more dressy in appearance
than felt. These satin shoes cost $3 a
pair. Warm walking shoes are of soft
kid lined with red flannel; price $3. Felt
shoes with leather sole and heel cost from

$1.25 up to $2.50; the cheapest are laced,
strong and warm, but entirely without
trimming. _

The New Grange Hall

There have been and are still people in
town who laugh at our new hall, and say
that the Grange has a white elephant to
take care of. Never mind! He laughs
best who laughs last, and just at present
we “Grangers” are not wasting any en¬
ergy in “talk.” We are just taking off
our coats and getting down to business.
The insurance carried on the building by
the former owner was $3,000, and as the
policy ran out we have had $2,000 made
out. Now, we only paid $350 for build¬
ing and land, and the boiler-house is go¬
ing to make 15 horse stalls, and there are
people who think we couldn’t afford to
buy it ! At present we have a large debt
to cancel, but while 1 am strongly opposed
to being in debt, 1 do think there are times
when a debt binds people together, wipes
out petty discord and calls out latent or
potential energy. It seems so in this case.
We have the hall and the general spirit
is that we shall and will pay for it quickly.
It isn’t the flashy, “hustle” energy, but a
quiet bulldog grip that wins, and this
Grange is one of the winning sort. It was
voted at the last meeting to buy a furnace
that we can have second-hand, but guar¬
anteed to do the work well or money re¬
funded. This will cost more than stoves,
and last longer, cost less to run, and make
the hall rent better. To help meet the ex¬
tra expense we have voted to call in one
trip book and one mileage book, which the
Grange owns for the use of its members,
having one book of each kind. Of course
this is a sacrifice for some patrons, but
everyone is willing to do all he can. One
member, an old lady, has withdrawn late¬
ly, but she keeps her interest, and gave
us two pictures and a Bible for the hall
and a velvet quilt for our coming fair.

We are going to celebrate our entrance
to the new building by a big supper at 25
cents a plate, to which the public is in¬
vited. There will also be appropriate ex¬
ercises of dedication, and two or more
State officers present if we can induce
them to come. The literary, music and
feast committees have the matter in
charge. It has been said, “Well, if the J.
O. U. A. M. can’t have a new hall, with
their surplus in the treasury, how is the
Grange ever going to swing one?” It may
be that the Grange has more real Yankee
spunk, and it may be that the sisters are
more than half the battle. I believe that
by and by some people in this town are
going to stop sneering at “the Grange.”
It isn’t safe to tease the farmer. He is
too strong a man for that. “Three cheers
for the Grange and the farmer 1”

ADAH E. COI.CORD.

Dainty Foods
Demand It

IN EVERY Receipt that calls for cream
of tartar, soda, or baking powder, use
the Royal Baking Powder. Better results
will be obtained because of the absolute
purity and great leavening strength of the
Royal. It will make the food lighter,
sweeter, of finer flavor, more digestible and
wholesome. It is always reliable and uni¬
form in its work.

Alum and phosphate baking powders —
some of them sold at the same price and
some of them cheaper — will make neither
dainty nor wholesome food.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

tt

A Kalamazoo ^

Direct to You”

You save from 20%
to 40% by -buying a
Kalamazoo Stove or
Range direct from the
factory at lowest
factory prices.
Moreover, you
get a stove or
range not excel¬
led by any in the
world. We guar¬
antee quality under a

$20,000 bank bond.

We Ship On

360 DAYS APPROVAL

and Wc Pay the Freight.

If you do not find the Kalamazoo exact¬
ly as represented, the trial does not
cost you a cent. It will pay you to in¬
vestigate.

Send Postal for Catalog No. 1 14.

All Kalamazoos are shipped prompt¬
ly , blacked, polished and
ready for use .

Kalamazoo Stove Co., Mlrs.,

Kalamazoo, Mich.

All our cook $tov>- 1 and range* arc fit t«<i with
patent oven thermometer which makes
baking easy.

Ask
vour
dealer
for it.

Tr. de-Mark .

Is Guaranteed to go twice as far
as paste or liquid polishes. X-ltay is the
ORIGINAL Powdered stove
It gives a quick, brilliant lustre and l>oea

Pol I Hit.

Not Hoi

l ttlOXT, COHMS8 It CO . Agt.

Not Horn Ofr. Sample sent if you address Dept.i 0

78 Hudson 8t., New York.

FREE TO LADIES.
Handsome Holiday Offer.

This SOROS1S
WRIST BAG in
the latest and
most fashionable
style, made of
Walrus black
leather, 8-inch
line gilt metal
frame, Moire silk
lined, containing
Purse. Card-case
and Viniagrette.
This hag retails
it $2.00, Tt will he
<ent free to any
iady sending us
|an order for 111
bs.of ourSorosis
.Iocha and Java
Jofifee at 30e. per

_ lb.— say 5 lbs. for

your own use and 5 lbs. lor some friend. Or you can
order 0 lbs. of our 50c. teas, any kind. Send order
and money by Rogisteied Mail.

NEW YORK CHINA & JAPAN TEA CO.,
aO» Hudson St„ New York City.

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES
Buy from the manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Bookof instructions
for 10c. in stamps. Wrlteueareat oilice

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

15a St. Clair St. .Cleveland, O.
440 Maine St., Dallas, Texas.

Ash for

Royal O&h.” AT „i
hind

HOOD RUBBERS

hood"

TRADE (yu bbep company) , MARK)
BOSTON J "

NOT MADEBYA TRUST

/£ roc/ cF/v/vor ccr thesf &ub-\
tt/?s mom rot//?

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

9o3

The Rural Patterns.

No head covering is prettier for the lit¬
tle children than just such caps and hood
as these illustrated. Both caps are in
Russian style. The plain one as illus¬
trated combines white broadcloth with
astrakhan cloth and is trimmed with braid
and pompon, while the full one is shown
with band of plush, crown portion of
cloth. Many other materials, however,
might be suggested, the fur plushes being

6216 Child’s Caps and Hood, 1-2-4 years

particularly well liked for the bands and
in many instances for the entire cap
with the plain crown. The little hood is
one of the most becoming for small girls
and appropriately can be made of either
velvet or cloth with trimming of fur,
swansdown or some pretty banding. Il¬
lustrated, however, the material is broad¬
cloth with trimming of beaver fur. The
quantity of material required for the
plain cap is % yard of broadcloth with (4
yard of astrakhan cloth ; for the full cap
94 yard of broadcloth with (4 yard of
plush and for the hood 34 yard of broad¬
cloth with 1*4 yard of fur. The pattern
5215 is cut in sizes for children of 1, 2
and 4 years of age; price 10 cents.

A gymnasium suit is called for in many
schools. The model shown combines all
the best features. Serge, flannel or bril-
liantine all are appropriate with collar,
cuffs and shield of white, as illustrated,
or of the material trimmed, as may be
liked. The suit is made with the blouse
and the bloomers. The blouse is drawn
on over the head and can be made with

621 i Girl s Exercise Suit, 8 to 10 year#.

or without the applied yoke, while, also,
its sleeves can be tucked at the wrists or
left plain as may be liked. The sailor
collar finishes the neck and beneath it the
shield is attached. The bloomers are
generously full, plaited at the belt and
drawn up below the knees by means of
elastic inserted in the hems. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size (12 years) is 6(4 yards 27, 4 yards
44 or 3(4 yards 52 inches wide, with 54
yards 44 inches wide for shield, collar
and cuffs and (4 yard of silk for tie. The
pattern 5212 is cut in sizes for girls of 8,
10. 12, 14 and 16 years of age; price 10
cents.

White Fruit Cake. — The whites of 16
eggs, one pound each of sugar, flour and
butter, one grated cocoanut, one pound
chopped citron, one pound chopped
blanched almonds, one wineglass of rose
water, two teaspoonfuls of baking pow¬
der. Flour citron and almonds well;
bake carefully.

The Bookshelf.

Few periodicals offer their readers
what the Youth’s Companion does.
The contributors for 1906 will in¬
clude Madame Curie (the discoverer of
radium), Luther Burbank (the “Wizard
of Horticulture”), Hon. Grover Cleve¬
land, Helen Keller, Margaret Deland,
Capt. A. T. Mahan, Lady Henry Somer¬
set, Commander R. E. Peary, Rev. Dr.
John Watson (Ian Maclaren), Sir Edwin
Arnold, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jus¬
tice D. J. Brewer (of the United States
Supreme Court), the Duke of Argyll,
Justin McCarthy, Rider Haggard, Robert
Grant, F. A. Vanderlip, Herbert Putnam
(Librarian of Congress! Richard White-
ing (author of “No. 5 John Street”),
Pres. H. S. Pritchett (of the Massachu¬
setts Institute of Technology), Sir H. H.
Johnston, and Prof. L. H. Bailey (of the
Cornell College of Agriculture). The sou¬
venir calendar, which this year depicts the
“Minute Men” of old Concord, is partic¬
ularly handsome. The weekly visits of
this clean, handsome and wholesome mag¬
azine are welcome to old and young alike.

Fair Margaret, A Portrait, by F. Mar¬
ion Crawford. This story of a great sing¬
er, written with all Mr. Crawford’s charm
of expression, contains a number of real
personages, well known in London, Paris
and Brussels, and here presented under
a thin disguise. Margaret Donne, the
wonderful lyrical soprano, who makes
her debut as Margarita da Cordova, re¬
calls a lady now at the front rank in oper¬
atic circles, while the royal personage in¬
dicated in a stirring little adverture when
Margaret makes her debut is well known
for his commercial shrewdness, his pa¬
tronage of art, and his shady personality.
The story is all too short, but we shall
doubtless hear more in the future of the
young prima donna’s career; the book
seems to close with a promise of contin¬
uation. The wonderful Greek millionaire
Constantine Logotheti and the English
man of letters, Lushington, both devoted
to Margaret, and each one seeking to di¬
rect her life into opposing channels ;
Mine. Bonanni, the great singer, with her
irresponsible emotions, and Mme. De
Rosa, the famous singing teacher, are all
cleverly drawn. Mr. Crawford’s famil¬
iarity with the life he depicts, his consci¬
entious workmanship and keen powers of
analysis make him always interesting and,
unlike many other writers of fiction, he al¬
ways has a story to tell. We think many
readers will look forward to some further
episode in the career of “Fair Margaret.”
Published by the Macmillan Company,
New York; price $1.50.

A DIMPLE MAKER.

Find a child with dimples
and chubby arms and legs
and you find a healthy *child.
Find one with drawn face
and poor, thin body and you
see one that needs Scott’s
Emulsion. Your doctor will
no doubt tell you the child is
fat-starved — its food is not
nourishing it.

Nothing helps these thin,
pale children like Scott’s
Emulsion. It contains the
very element of fat they need.
It supplies them with a per¬
fect and quickly digested
nourishment. Scott’s Emul¬
sion brings dimples and
rounded limbs.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

TELEPHONE

Facts for Farmers

8end for free book 102-A. It contains
telephone facts that are money-savers
Stromberg - Carlson Tel. IHfg.
Co., Rochester, N.Y., Chicago,!!)

“Rush Market Reports” in "Rush Time"
mean greater profits for you.

WILLIAMS FARM TELEPHONE

is for BUSINESS. Pays for itself in a short
time. Gives permanent service. You can build
your own lines— we furnish telephones and all
line material. Write to-day for complete infor.
mation. The Williams Tele hone & ouppl Co*.
78 Central Avenue, Cleveland. O.

EDdystonE

PRINTS

Simpson-Eddystone Prints

The Standard calicoes of the United States for over
half a century. Your grandmother used Simpson
' " Prints. They were good then because the character
of the manufacturer was stamped on the materials
and entered into their making. To-day they are
better than ever before — the old-time high ideals
have been maintained and Eddystone improved art
and machinery have raised the standard of Simpson
Prints still higher.

Ask your dealer for Simpson-Eddystone Prints.

In Blacks, Black-and-Whites, Light Indigo Blues,
and Silver-Greys ; Shepherd Plaid effects and a large
variety of new and beautiful designs.

Thousands of first-class dealers sell them.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

Mo. 750

Price #8.60

It Will Save You Money

It is well known that bone meal, ground shells and cracked
corn are excellent for poultry. Increase egg production in
your flock, by grinding your own poultry food, and save money
by utilizing much that would otherwise be waste.

ENTERPRISE

Bone, Shell and Corn Mills

grind any combination of roots, bark, dry bone, shells, corn or
grain. Save their cost in grinding bone meal for fertilizer. Mills
are equal to steel ana have a capacitv of i*4 bttshel$
of cornper hour. Weight 60 lbs. Mill shown in cut

$8.50. With or without pulley attachment 03 desired.
Look for the name “ Enterprise.’* full information on lequest.
THE ENTERPRISE MFG. CO. of PA.. 263 Dauohin St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

No Hand Can Knead Like
This Bread Maker

DID you ever think how much labor the Knitting Machine
saves? It formerly required one thousand women to
do with their needles what one Knitting Machine can
do today. The Knitting Machine knits better and more
uniformly than the most expert woman can knit by hand.

Now that’s the way with most machines— they do better
work with less effort than ordinary hand work, because ordinary
hand work is always uncertain.

For hand work depends on the individual— and the individual
may not feel just right certain days, and consequently will take
less interest in the work to be done— particularly if that
work he at all difficult— like making Bread, for instance.
For it is not an easy thing to make bread— you
must fuss with Flour and Water— get your hands all
messed, and then must knead Dough 20 to 30 minutes,
which is very hard work, as you know.

Then you’re apt to accidentally get Germs into
the Dough from your hands and have your Bread
turn sour,— or you may not mix your materials prop¬
erly— or you may not knead sufficient Air into the
Dough, and your Bread won’t “raise.”

Now, how would you like to have your Bread
turn out invariably Better than what you consider
Good hand-made Bread, Mrs. Housewife— and not
have to work so hard?

Well, you can do it with the Universal Bread
Maker, for you see the human element— the element
of Chance— doesn’t enter into consideration when
you use the Universal to make Bread.
All you have to do is to just prepare your
liquids (yeast, etc.)— pour them all into the
Universal Bread Maker, then sift in the
proper amount of Flour, and turn the
handle just 3 minutes. At the end of that 3
minutes the Kneading Rod of the Universal
Bread Maker— the most wonderful thing
about the machine — a part we have protected by
patents in every country in the world— will have
thoroughly mixed all the liquids (yeast, etc.) in with
the Flour— so that each tiny drop of Yeast moistens
each tiny particle of Flour. Then the Kneading Rod so
kneads the Dough that it folds Air into the Dough— all
through It. In fact— better than any mere human hand could do.

And because the Yeast and Flour and Air are so thoroughly mixed together the Dough
blows up well— “Raises” well— for you must have the Yeast and Flour and Air combined so
as to form the most aerating gas for Dough. And the starch cells will all be broken up and
made digestible— for Yeast breaks up the starch cells. Then leave the Dough in the

“Universal” Bread Maker

all night to raise — you don't have to take it out and put it into a separate Dough Raiser, as some
people have to do. In the morning it will be beautifully risen. Just give a few turns of the
handle, so that when you take out the Kneading Rod the Dough clings to it in a sort of ball,
just as the picture shows.

When your Bread is baked it will be absolutely uniform in texture— with a fine brown,
flinty crust, and perfectly digestible, since all the starch cells have been broken up by the
Yeast. You can have this same delicious Bread day in, day out, for you see it's such a
simple thing— only taking 3 minutes of your time to make good Bread with the Universal
Bread Maker.

Now, the price of the Universal is only S2.00. Just drop in at your hardware dealer's
and see one— he’ll probably show
you how it works, if you ask him.

If you would like to know
more about the Universal
Bread Maker, and how it always
makes perfect Bread in 3 min¬
utes, just drop us a postal and
we will send you our free book.

Address Landers. Frary &

Clark. 10 3 Commercial Street.

New Britain, Conn.

BURN AIR-IT’S CHEAP’£°keT0it?

Consume* 81)5 Barrels of Air to 1 gallon
of Kerosene. Penny fuel, burns like gas,|
’ hottest lire, won’t explode, saves work and
fuel bills. No coal, wood, dirt, ashes— no |
wick, no valves, easy operated, 1
handsome, durable. Grand
heater for houses, office,
'store; no pipes or flues; port¬
able, also splendid cooker,
baker. 18000 Harrison
Wickless. Valveless Oil-Gas
and Air Burners sold in one
month. AGENTS Wanted —
#40 Weekly. Greatest MONEY MAKER. Guaran¬
teed, all sizes, sent anywhere, #8 up. Write, FREE
proposition, 80 day trial offer. Address only manfrs.
W orld Mtfc. Co., ns World B’ld’g, Cincinnati, O.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market,
Don’t be deceived
by pictures that
look like

“ The Hessler.”

To get the best,
insist on having
the Original Gen¬
uine KESSLER
BOX. not the im¬
itation. Agents

RURAL MAIL BOX. in av0ry

H. E. HESSLER CO., Syracuse, N.Y.

your Health and STRENGTH with

JAYNE S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

a pleasant, potent, and permanent Invfxoraicr for WOMEN,
CHILDREN, and MEN, _^et it from

your Druggist,

s* s

9o4

CONTENTS.

The Ru hal New-Yorker, Dec. 16, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Small Farms in Montana . 894

Tools for Tile Drainage . 895

Hope Farm Notes . 899

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

The Shape of the Laying Hen . 89.3. 894

Facts AlK>ut ‘'Average Sheep" . 895

'The Cattle Tick War . 901

That Blessed Kentucky Mule . 906

IIow to Keep Off Hawks . 906

Jersey Cattle at the South . 906

Brief Dairy Notes . 906

Wintering the Brood Sow . 907

HORTICULTURE.

Peach Rot Experience . 894

Planting Grapevines . 896

Hardiest Blackberry . 896

Raising Fall Strawberries . 896

Insects on Houseplants . 896

Saving Potato Seeds . 896

Bulbs and Seeds . 896

A Sweet Apple . 896

Peaches for Rockland Co., N. Y . 896

Belle Bonne Apple . 896

Another Seedless Apple . . 896

Young Trees and Mice . 897

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 898

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 902

The New Grange Hall . 902

The Rural Patterns . 903

White Fruit Cake . 903

The Bookshelf . 903

M I SSCEfvLA NEOUS.

Cold Room in an Icehouse . 894

Express or Parcels Post . 895

Products, Prices and Trade . 897

Editorials . 900

Events of the Week . 901

Publisher’s Desk . 905

Liability for School Taxes . 905

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending December 9, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of pprain, butter,
cheese and egss are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui-
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these fig¬
ures are Hie average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Apples, evap.
Evaporated

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Maryland

December 1@,

DRIED FRUITS.

, fancy . — <0! 11

, choice . — (ti> 10

Eva’p., common to prime. .. . 7 @ 9%

Sun-dried . 4%@ 6%

Chops, 100 lbs . — #3.25

Cores and skins . — (a 2.10

Cherries . 14 @ 15

Blackberries . — @ 10

Raspberries . — @ 27

VEGETABLES.

Wheat, No. 2, red, in elevator. —

@ 96 %

No. I. Northern, Duluth..

. -

(a 95%

Corn, No. 2, vellow .

- -

@ 53%

Oats .

—

@ 37

Itye .

@ 75

FEU).

Wholesale at New York.

City Bran .

@18.00

Western Spring Bran .

. 1 6.85

@17.25

Middlings .

.18.00

@20.00

Red Dog .

. -

@22.10

Cottonseed meal .

. -

@28.00

Linseed meal .

. -

@30.50

Retail Western N. Y.

Spring Bran .

@20.00

Middlings .

.21.00

@24.00

Red Dog .

. -

@25.00

Gluten Feed .

. -

@28.00

Corn and Oats .

@25.00

Linseed meal .

— •

@35.00

HAY AND STRAW.

Prices for large bales,
peats per ton less.

Small

■bales 50

ITay, No. 1 .

@16.00

No. 2 .

. .14.00

@14.50

No. 3 .

. . 1 2.00

@13.00

Clover, mixed .

.10.00

@13.00

Clover .

. .10.00

@12.00

Wild .

—

@10.00

Straw, prime rye .

. .14.00

@14.50

Short and oat . .

@11.00

@

MILK.

N. Y. Exchange price $1.71 per 40-quart
can, netting 3% cents per quart to shippers
In 26-cent zone where there are no extra
station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, extra . 24

Lower grades . 17

State Dairy . 16

Factory . 15 (Qi

Packing Stock . 15 @

CHEESE.

Full Cream, Sept., fey . — @

October, fancy . — @

Fair to good . 11 @

Light skims . 10 %@

Full skims

3 % @

24%

23

23

17%

17

13%

13

12

11

1%

EGGS.

Fancy, selected white .

. . 38

@ 40

Choice, white .

@ 37

Mixed colors, ch. to extra. ,

. . 30

@ 35

Western and southern .

. . 25

@ 30

Storage .

. 17

@ 23

BEANS.

Marrow .

. .2.75

@3.20

Medium .

. . 2.15

@2.20

Pea .

—

@ 1 .80

Red kidney .

@2.90

Yellow Eye .

@1.80

HOPS.

Prime to choice .

. 18

@ 21

Common to fair .

. . 14

@ 1 7 %

Olds .

5

@ 8

German, 1905 .

. 30

@ 40

HONEY.

Clover, comb .

. 12

@ 15

Buckwheat .

. 10

@ 11

Extracted, lb .

. . 6% @ 8

HOTHOUSE STUFF.

Cucumbers, dozen . 75

lettuce, dozen . 20

Mushrooms, lb . 15

Tomatoes, lb . 5

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00

FRESH FRUITS.
Apples, Spitz., McIntosh, King. 3.00

Spy and Greening . 2.50

Baldwin. Ben Davis, Bell¬
flower, York Imperial,

Ilubbardston . 2.50

Western , bu. box . 1.75

Pears, Kieffer, bbl . 2.00

Bose, bu . 1 75

Clairgeau . 1.25

Anjou . 1-69

Grapes, 4 lb. basket . 10

Cranberries, bbl . 10.00

@

0)

@

m

90

50

60

15

@3.00

@5.00

@4.50

@3.50
@5.00
@ 3.00
@2.25
@1.75
@1.75
@ 13
@12.00

Potatoes, Bermuda, bbl. . .

@6.00

Long Island .

. . .2.00

@2.50

Slate and Jersey .

. . .2.00

@ 2.25

Foreign. 108-lb. hag....

@1.90

Sweet Potatoes, bbl .

@2.00

Brussels Sprouts, qt .

6

@ 12

Carrots, bbl .

... 1 00

(a 1 .50

Cabbage, ton .

. 14.00

@ 21.00

Celery, dozen .

... 15

@ 50

Chicory and Escarol, bbl.

@4.00

Cauliflowers, bbl .

... 1 .00

@5.00

Kale, bbl .

(S> (55

Lettuce, basket .

Onions, white, bbl .

. . . 25

@ 75

@5.00

Yellow, .

. . .2.00

@2.50

Red - , .

@2.25

Peas, %-bbl. basket .

String Beans, basket. . . .

. . . 1.00

@2.00

. . .1.00

@ 2.50

Spinach, bbl .

. . . 90

@1.00

Squash, bbl .

. . . 50

@ 1 .00

Turnips, bbl . 50

LIVE POULTRY.

(il: 1 .00

Chickens .

. . . 11

@ 1 1 %

Fowls .

... 12% @ 1 3

Turkeys .

... 13

@ 14

Ducks, pair .

. . . 60

@ 85

Geese, pair .

@1.75

Pigeons, pair .

. . . -

@ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Market in very poor condition.

Turkeys . 15 @ 20

Chickens . 16 @ 24

Fowls . 12 @ 14

Ducks . 8 @ 15

Geese . 10 @ 15

Squabs, dozen . 2.00 @4.00

COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS.

Calves, prime veals . — @ 12%

Common to good . 8 @11

Pork . . .’ . 5 % @ 7-T.

Roasting Pigs, lb . 10 @ 12%

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots; single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda, ton . —

Muriate of Potash . —

Dried Blood . — •

Kainit . —

Acid Phosphate . —

WILD GINSENG.

Northern . —

Western . 6.50

Southern . 6.00

@52.00

@42.00

@55.00

@12.00

@14.00

@7.00

@6.75

@6.50

A Game Controversy. — A game dealer in
tills city, supplying many hotels and clubs,
and handling large quantities of imported
game has for some time contended that the
State laws regarding closed season did not
apply to foreign game. He was prosecuted
by the game wardens and has both lost and
won in the various courts through which the
case has passed. At this juncture he is
upheld by the Appellate Division of the
Supreme Court in a decision which states
that t lie law regarding out-of-season posses¬
sion does not apply to foreign game. The
case will be appealed by the game protectors.
From a common sense point of view it would
seem that our law can be for the protection
of domestic game only, and that no harm
could be done by permitting the sale of birds
and animals lawfully killed in other countries,
provided proper identification be made. But
most game laws are neither made nor
carried out according to the principles of
justice or sense, either common or uncom¬
mon. Even the sportsmen in whose sole
interests these laws are made seem to have
difficulty in interpreting some of them.
It will be interesting to note what the
deliverances of the next tribunal, the Court
of Appeals, will be in this matter.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

The above glove post-paid upon re¬
ceipt of $1.75. Genuine horse palm
and fur back. Made in Gioversville,
the Glove Center of the world and sold
direct to the consumer only. Satis¬
faction guaranteed or money refunded.
Write to-day for our complete Glove
Catalogue showing over 100 distinct
styles, free upon request.

CONSUMERS GLOVE CO.,

Department 5, Gloversville, N. Y,

LIVE

WANTED.

wild RABBITS Large numbers’

E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich St., New York'

_ i

CUTS ICE FASTER

than 50 men with saws, and in the best,
most economic way. Our Red, White Jr/jp Has
and Blue Ice Plow Is the best, low- patent
priced plow for clearing

butchers, dairy- tooth and

men, farmers And hotels. SwillgGlllde.

Am« Plow Co., HI Itf-irar dicg «
ket St., Boston, Wait, U Rinas, uatmog tree

FARMS ARE MONEY-MAKERS FOR STOCK,
POULTRY, CORN, GRAIN, PEACHES, BERRIES
AND EARLY VEGETABLES. MILD WINTERS.
WRITE FOR BIG ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR
OF FARM BARGAINS. F. B. ALLEN, DRAWER
42, PRINCESS ANNE, MD. (3 YEARS FROM
OHIO.)

10^ ACRE Delaware Fruit and Poultry Farm
I UU for sale. House for 700 fowls, incubator
house, brooder house, yards, etc. Dwelling house. 10
rooms; 3 barns, with stables. Three never-failing
drive wells. Peach orchard, apple orchard, pears,
plums and berries for home use. Price, $5,000.
Address, DELAWARE, care Rural New-Yorker.

All AODC F0R GOOD LAND in healthy
OO fill Huflb mild climate. Address

GILES FRUIT COLONY, Swann Station. N. C.

FLORIDA HOMES

AND

FLORIDA INVESTMENTS.

In the Florida Hill and Lake Country. One of the
finest Orchard Countries in the World. Investments
guaranteed to pay Ten per cent the first year, Fifteen
per cent the second year and Twenty per cent the
third year. For full information address

GrEO. II. MAYO,

Grandin, Putnam County, Florida.

YOUNO MEN WANTED — To learn the
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkuy. Frin.

MUSIC LESSONS K,2r.7S FREE.

It tells how to learn to play any instrument. Piano,
Organ, Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, etc. Write American
School of Music, 333 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago. III.

Convenience.

Why not get it in your cream separator when
every other essential goes with it? That's
the difference between the separator of

today and the old machines. The new

Papee

Cream Separator

doesn’t require you to lift the milk as high as
your head to fill the can. A child can fill it.
That counts when you use it every day twice
a day. Mind you, this is not attained at the
expense of clean skimming, easy turning, or
cleaning. Handiness is not inconsistent with these
things. The Hapec is the separator that has them all.
Let us tell you all about it. Our free hook will do It.

THE PAPEC MGH. CO.,

Box IO( Lima, N. V.

Portland Gutter Only $I67.!

L-80, $20.50

L-160, $28.00

L-50, $29.50 L-30, $13.70

Look at these prices on strictly high-grade, stylish cutters,
made for durability as well as appearance from guaranteed
material throughout and sold, direct Irom factory to you,
on approval. We are willing to stake our whole business
reputation on these cutters. There are none better and we do
not believe the prices can bo equaled anywhere. More cutters
are made in Kalamazoo than in any other place in the United
States, and when you deal with us you deal at headquarters.
We sell on one small profit only, added to the actual shop
cost. All the cutters, except the Speeder, No. L-280, have
channel shoes, and all, including the Speeder, are fitted out

L-IOO, $21.60

L-230, $40.50

.... ... with good shafts ami quick shifting Imr which is held in position by thumb screw can

ne cnanged from one position to another in a minute's time and gives you choice of having horse iro straight ahead <„■ at
one side. L-SO, Portland Cutter, is a favorite. Good design, extremely substantial, heavily*™™ well ^braced wing dash
and extra high roll hack. BODY-Now style, 34 In. wide, 30 in. long, seat IS in. deep, highly finished s. 'rTng ci'i^ ion and
PAC|NTlNn°Tm!d' kwv**^* TRIMMINGS— Green cloth or whipcord, carpet, whipsocket, nickel arm and dash rail.
rAINTING- Body black, striped with green or carmine, gear also striped. Price complete, 920.60.

. • J° * » ■ rieat E?ist<J.rn Portland Cutter, very neat, highly finished, nicely trimmed, extra roomy, easy riding spring
cushion, extra high spring back and wing dash. Body about same dimensions as L-80. REGULAR TRIMMINGS— Heavv
finite * °r T l!pco^> removable back and cushion. PAINTING-Rich black, striped ; green or carmine gear with line
line striping, fins cutter, complete, handsome carpet, nickel dash rail and arm rail and whipsocket only 92 1 60
, * ortland Cutter L-BO, Channel Shoes, beautiful new design and one of our very best cutters. Has wing dash spring

in 11,10 quality ,’roa,!clotl1- Has » fine wire screen on dash
,°7 ??, * 5 , :BO' , L'23°I » very fine light cutter for speeding or pleasure, mado from absolutely the best selected

material that could be obtained. Every knee and beam well ironed and braced, making it thoroughly substantial Shafts
** se ectc? 1“<;.k‘ir;’.' lonK leathers. Scat 35 in. wide, hack 14 in. deep, length of knee 24 inches.1 Upholstered in all-
me nLi'c1 t>roa.dcloth or whipcord. Trimmings and painting strictly high-class. Price complete, *48. 60. L-180
O'dComfort Cutter very roomy spring cushion seat and high hack, body painted black and tastefully decorate d
removable trimmings extra quality heavy broadcloth or imported whipcord, a bargain at S28.O0. L-30 stylishly
li viv t of.Buarantced materials, trimmed with green cloth or whipcord, spring back and cushion removable7

Body painted black, with gear and shafts green or carmine. Price complete with carnet etc 910 70
. . *Jt,?8T°r »n? cutter. Pole instead of shafts add *1.50; pole and shafts, add 83.00; genuine car plush, redorgroen
add *3.75. Top on any cutter, add *12.50. The descriptions we print here cannot fully tell you how good these cutters are'
but we guarantee them atrlctly first class. Select the cutter you want, send SsfoO to Aow g«S faith and wi
n‘i “k‘P ° Cutei *° y .a °"C?.°v *PPTOVal- If '* 18 we claim for it, keep it and pay the balance due. If not ship

It hack and we will pay the freight both ways and refund your *3 by return mail. Our new general catalog C87 is full of
gC a'cm* ovT«ys»vnlrn 5?rm in home. «ent free on request. Address,

CASH SUPPLY Si MFG. CO . 558 Iv»w Kenj'o Square* KALAMAZOO, MICH.

KKTTER THAN AN INSTITUTE— Our School
Proposition for Farmers’ Families. School Agency,
Room 1, 255 W. 104th St., New York, N. Y. Enclose
stamp for booklet.

WE HAVE

never BLQfck

PAID LESS THAN ^ /KJ

Assets,

81,750,000

Surplus and Profits
8150,000

AUR business, established 12 years*
v has steadily progressed. We have
distributed to holders of our cer till-
cates, profits amounting to nearly
three-quarters of a million dollars,
while materially adding to our sur¬
plus. A strong institution, conducted
under New York Bankiug Dept, sup-

Li P€K ifO,]

v/

i»e carefully handled while earning
for you 5# PER YEAR,
reckoned for every day left in our
care. Withdrawable at your pleasure.

Let us show you how we can handle
your savings to bet ter advantage than
most other Institutions. Write for
particulars.

Industrial Savings and
Loan Co.,

5 TIMES BI.DG., BROADWAY, NEW YORK

MIXED FARMING

Wheat Raising
Ranching

Three (treat pursuits have again
shown wonderful results on the

HOMESTEAD LANDS

WESTERN
CANADA

Magnificent Cllmute— Farmers plowing
in their shirt sleeves in the middle of
November.

“All are bound to be more than
pleased with the final results of the
past season’s harvests.”— Extract.

Coal, wood, wnter, hay in abundance —
schools, churches, markets convenient.

This is the era of *1.00 wheat.

Apply for information to Supt. of Im¬
migration. Ottawa, Can.; or to

I HOS. 1)1 MIAN, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuse Bunk Building, SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Mention this paper.

A TTC MTIOIM~NeedinK nia|e

M I I Lll I l\Snl help of any kind
favor ns with your orders. Mail orders a .Specialty.
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.V

$5 TO S20 AN ACRE

best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St. .Syracuse, N. Y.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

Poultry for Holidays,

Appier, Pears, Grapes, Potatoes, and all fruits and
Vegetables Fancy Eggs, Nuts and Game, Top
prices secured for choice products. Write us what
you have for sale.

ARCHDEACON & CO., 100 Murray St., New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CLI.,

Commission Merchants/

228 and 231 Washington 8treet, New York.

OUR SPECIALTIES:

June,

1 Poultry

Mushrooms,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ulnseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

Fancy Bggi.

WANTED: We need
large quantities of
Fruits, Produce,
Poultry, Butter,
Eggs, Nuts, etc.

We can secure you top
market prices for these pro
duets. Write to-day for our
illustrated booklet, mailed
free upon request, Also
shipping cards, stencil and
market reports.

F.fl. KEELER & CO.

104 Murray St., New York.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

9oi

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

E. G. Lewis, the promoter of the
People’s U. S. Bank of St. Louis, which
recently had fraud orders issued against
it by the Postoffice authorities, has just
been indicted by the Federal Grand Jury
on charges of fraud. There are two in¬
dictments.

One of them charges Lewis with using the
mails to further a scheme to defraud, and
the other alleges that he was Involved with
two officers of the bank in a conspiracy to
defraud. The first indictment against Lewis,
which contains three counts, charges that
on February 1, 1!)<)4, he corresponded with
Mrs. E. F. Ingalls, Mrs. Mary Carruthers,
Miss Ellen F. Ayers and divers other per¬
sons to the grand jurors unknown, relative
to the organization of a hank or trust com¬
pany; that lie represented to them -that he
would invest dollar for dollar out of his own
fortune with that put up by outside invest¬
ors; that he bad a very large personal for¬
tune, and was the publisher of two periodi¬
cals. the Woman's Magazine and the Woman's
Farm Journal; that he had perfected a mail
order system of banking which he intended to
have patented ; that the leading bankers of
St:. Louis would be represented on the board
of directors: that over $100,000 in stock had
been subscribed at that date, and that many
wealthy persons had subscribed the limit of
stock that would be Issued to an individual.
$500, and wauled more, but that he had held
them off so that the smaller investors could
subscribe for stock. The indictment charges
that these promises were not made in good
faith; that Lewis did not intend to subscribe
for stock in equal amount with the individual
stockholders, and that every promise he made
was fraudulent.

This information will interest country
people who have been induced to invest
in Mr. Lewis’ enterprises.

After refusing so large advertising
orders as we did last month, we are glad
to receive such little expressions of ap¬
proval as the following:

I admire the stand your paper takes in re¬
gard to advertisements, and hope public opin¬
ion will force all of the leading agricultural
papers to the same high plane. w. e d
Ohio.

The foil awing letter is just received

from a friend who sent in one new yearly

subscription. We sent him the book

promptly as promised as a reward for his

services. This is what he says of it:

I wish to thank you for the book “Quincy
Adams Sawyer” sent me as premium. It is
going through the family like a case of
measles. It was a very generous recognition.

I don’t feel that I really earned it, but it
certainly is an Inspiration to secure other
subscribers. With best wishes, I am,
Connecticut. w. h. miller.

There are six of these books to choose
from. I he full list with descriptions ap¬
peared in the \ hanksgiving number. They
are “David Harum”; “Blennerhasset”;
“Quincy Adams Sawyer” ; “The Chris¬
tian”; “The Right of Way”; “Letters of
a Self-made Merchant to His Son.” You
can earn one or all of these books. They
are not given except in return for a
service. Just get otic of your neighbors
to give you a dollar for a year’s subscrip¬
tion to J he R. N.-Y. 'Send us his name
and his dollar. For this we will send you
a choice of any one of these six books.
The new subscriber, like all other sub¬
scribers, this year will get a copy of the
new book, “The Farmer’s Garden.”

The book is now ready. We are send¬
ing it out every day. We told you about
this book before. We hardly need to re¬
peat it. We stop here only to say that
it is the best information that can be had
on the planting and care of a farm garden.
We have prepared it with great pains
at large expense for your use and benefit.
We arc going to send it to you post paid
the day your subscription is received, and
by the way, this is the month of all the
year for subscription returns. We want
the record to be up to last year or if
possible a little better. Your prompt re¬
newal will help make the record.

TALKS WITH A LAWYER.
Liability for School Taxes.

Is personal property liable for school tax?
Where can I get information in regard to
taxes? s. w. r.

New York.

Personal property is liable to assess¬
ment for school district taxes. The tax
is apportioned by the trustees upon all
persons residing in the district and upon
all corporations liable to taxation there¬
in, for the personal estate owned by them
and liable to taxation. The law is con¬
tained in Chapter 556 of the Laws of
1894. Section 62 and following deal par¬
ticularly with this subject.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply aud
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Hunters’ & Trappers’ Guide AB(

too pag«, cloth bound, illustrating all Fur A 0 1 H

feNunl

ly

1*5000

BOOK

. _ . _ imaU.

All about trapping, Trappers’ Secrets, all kinds of
traps, decoys, etc. Pries, 91.(0. To hide and furship-
pers.Jl. We buy Raw Furs. Hides. Price Listfree
AJiDKRSCH RROS. , Dept. 128 Minneapolis, Stir'

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Matings not akin.
Descriptive circulars on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg-, Pa.

Derkshiro pigs $"> up, pairs not related. W. H. turkeys.

B. Orpington cockerels, B. R.PulIots and cockerels,
female collie pups. Stock pure. Lotliers, Lack, i’u.

Soelting Homes.

Scotch Collie Puppies and It, C. Brown Leghorn
Cockerels. The kind that will please you at bargain
prices. OHAS. H. WHITE. Wappinger’s Falls/N . Y.

WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE

each.

Choice

Cockerels. Duston Strain. $1 to $1.50
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stant'ordville, N. V.

VUANTED, 500 lbs. live chickon per week from near¬
-by points. Top market price for good stock
PINECREST FARM, Pequannock, N. J.

90

(Tar's POUitry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book, 10c.
_ Rates free. J.A. BERGEY, Box 8, Telford, Pa,

BLUE RIBBON

Strain of choice Plymouth Rocks. Fine Barred Pullet-
bred Cockerels for sale. Also, pairs, trios, and breed¬
ing pens. H. C. HAND, Amagansett, N. Y.

MAPLE VILLA POULTRY YARDS.-Breeder
‘ of thoroughbred stock. Barred. Buff and White
*'• an(l S* C- W., B. and Buff Leghorns; W.
and B. Minorcas; Golden, Silver, Buff andW. Wyan-
dottes; R. C. and S. 0. Blue Andalusians. Hainburgs,
Anconas, _ W, G. MOSHER, Sylvania. Penna.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Won two first premiums at New York State Fair, HHM
Cockerels and pullets five months old, $1 each. Cata¬
logue tree. C.H. ZIMMER, R.D.41, Weedsport, N.Y.

MALE ANkJ FE-

1 he Michigan School for the Deaf, Fltot.^MRhbrr.^

BOURBON RED TURKEYS Sa. K3

wnte _ J. P. McJANNETT, Cheshire, fL Y,

cordon!, if H.“t?d Homers 85c. pair. Pheasants, Pea
rwi/.’ ‘in ’ F°?cetl'- standard Poultry, Indian Runner, Mallard
Dmka. 90c, netting, stamp. FKKD. STJDOW, Poughkeepsie, N, Y.

for sale

OEGISTERED ANGORA GOATS.— Pairs or
' trios. REGISTER E D R A M BOU ILL ET RAM S

orvo |Y ,aiul information.

M LLROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinnatus, N. Y.

BARRFD an<> WHITE PLYMOUTH

» Rocks, White Wvandottes, White
riirOW\* L,f£1'"r2-S a,1.d Mammoth Pekin
vonvMx'!u(ia.,'h; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
iNUUNAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Penna.

RARRED ROCK COCKERELS. Ringlet strain,
good ones $1.50 to $3.00 each, if ordered soon.

«L W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

DOSE Comb B. Leghorns exclusively; pure bred
x cockerels at reasonable prices, thrifty and farm
range. I. C. HAWKINS, Chester, N. Y.

ooooooooo

We keep ev-

POULTRY .

I ■ ■ ■ ■ erything In the

■^POULTRY LINE— Fencing, Feed, Incu ,
>bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— J
jit s our business. Call or let us send you!
lour Illustrated Catalogue— it’s free for the 5
tasking — it's worth having.

>Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,

O Dcp {. ' : . 2fi <fc 28 Vesny Street. New York City e

GOOOOQQQOQOCOO^OOQOC^OOQC (

The Crescent
Stock Food Cow

At the Winter Fair and Fat Stock Show to
be held at Syracuse, N. Y., December 19-21, I
shall have some stock on exhibition that have
been fitted with the aid of Crescent Stock
I' ood, the host stock food made. Among
this stock will he the “Crescent Stock
Food Cow.” She is not entered for prizes
but will lie there as evidence of what can be
done with Crescent Stock Food. This
cow is believed to be the largest and fattest
cow in tlie country. The fat is over six
inches deep on her and she weighs—, well you
might think it a lie if told her weight, but

SEEING IS BELIEVING

and if present at this show, make it a point
to see this cow, and know for yourself what
she is, and what Crescent Stock Food will
do. You cannot afford to not know about
Crescent Stock Food No matter what
you feed, how much you feed, or what you
feed it to, there will he more profit for you if
you feed Crescent Stock Food with it
Average cost hi of a cent per feed. Acts
QUICKER and BETTER than any other.

Send to-day for Sample and Prices.

Charles Buchan,

STANLEY, N. Y.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.
Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

In Actual Use

Keen Kutter Quality tells in the actual use of the tool. Keen Kutter
Tools are not retired by an occasional knot or tough piece of mate¬
rial. They are made to stand hard work and lots of it. They are
as good as new after poor tools have gone to the scrap heap. The

mn mm

brand covers a complete line of tools. In buying any kind of tool j ust
see that the name Keen Kutter is on it and you have assurance of full
satisfaction. Keen Kutter Tools have been Standard of America for
36 years and are the best that brains, money and skill can produce.

Some of the kinds of Keen Kutter Tools are: Axes, Hammers, Hatchets, Chisels,
Screw Drivers, Auger Bits, Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Scythes,
Tinners’ Snips, Scissors, Shears, Razors, etc., and Knives of all kinds.
If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools, write us and learn
where to get them. Every Keen Kutter Tool Is sold under this
Mark and Motto :

" The "Recollection of Quality Remains Long Cdfter the Trice is
Forgotten. "

Trade Mark Registered.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY,

St. Louis, U. S. A. 298 Broadway, If. Y,

Send for Tool Booklet.

C.SIMMOyj.

mu

KU1W

qu PioiilS foi VOU

Insured by feeding green bone fresh cut. Rich In protein and all other egg elements.
Doubles the egg yield, increases fertility, makes more vigorous chicks, earMer broil
ers, reduces grain bill and makes heavier fowls. Make these profits yours by using

MANN’S SKS BONE CUTTER

, Makes bone cutting simple, easy and rapid. No money In advance. Cuts all bono
' and adhering gristle. Wastes nothing. Cat’lg free.

F. W. MANN CO.. Box 15 . MILFORD. MASS.

Hens

Need

Help.

^ Egg-making requires egg material. When hens are penned up in

winter time, you must supply material that goes to make
eggs before you can expect them to lay.

Darling’s^ Laying Food

Is a scientifically prepared egg-making food. Contains all the elements.
Makes big winter egg returns. In 100 lb. hags at $2 00, K. O. B. Chicago or New
York. Cash with order. Also Oyster Shells. 60c; Scratching Food, 12.00;

Forcing Food, *2; Chick Feed, $2.50; Mica Crystal Grit, 65c. All in - ’

F. O. B. Chicago or New York. Cash with order. Our largo P

Catalog just off the

100 lb. bags,
Poultry Supply

press, liBts all Darling’s Poultry Foodsand Supplies. Send
for It. Also the poultryman’s booklet, “Fill the Egg Basket.” Both free.

\ Darling & Company, P«pt- 68 ■ Onion stock y»ci», p«p«. M .boa* island city, n.t.

SHOEMAKER'S

BOOK on

POULTRY

and Almnnftf for 1 DOC contains 224 pages, with
many fine colored plates of fowls true to life.
It tells all about chickens, their care, diseases
and remedies. All about IneuhntorNand howto
operate them. All about poultry houses and
how to build them. It's really an encyclopaxlia
ofchickendom. You need it. Price only 15 et*.
C.C.S110EMAMEU, Box 487, FKKEPOKT,! LL.

IDEAL ALUMINUM LEG BAND

To Mark Chickens
CHEAPEST AND BEST

12 for 15c., 25— S0C., 50— 50c. , 100— 75e.
Frank Myars, Mfr.. Boi 57. Freeport, IH.

RANT A INCUBATORS

and Brooders

Low in price — fully
Send for free book.

uaranteed.
>o it today.

Bante-Bender MfR.Co.tDept.46.Ligonier.lnd.

^ I O’®® For a
■ « 200 Egg
/INCUBATOR

Perfect la construction nnd
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy

INDRUROIL

ROOFIwr

Requires no Coating- o
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong: and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof.
Climatic Changes Do No
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.

Oan Be Used on Steep 01
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Pul
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Oracl
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samples, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO,

ERIE, PA.

Chlca

go

Mi

dention R.N.-Y

Boston

The Natural
Incubator

is the incubator of r ightair con¬
ditions— Natural because it most
nearly approaches Nature’s way. No poison¬
ous gases to stifle chicks. Walls of hard glazed
compressed paper board, (such as is used for
car-vvheels) making the lightest, strongest, most
.,,lncubator in ‘he world. Walls CAN-
N° T VVARp, CRACK NOR SPLIT, as all oth-
ers do. Compound heater ; perfect regulator*
no supplied moisture required.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

to all points east of the Mississippi. Don’t buy
an incubator until you get out Free Catalog.

Porpstuat Han Co., Mamifac- |ncubatora & Broodera.

2 1 Eachor St., ‘ur.riof Trenton, N. J. *

HATCH CHICKS AT HOME

Our big 128 page poultry and in¬
cubator book shows you how,

MILLFR'S

IDEAL INCUBATORS

make sure and easy work. Sold
at positively the lowest prices.

We let you prove their superi¬
ority. Write today for freebook.

J, W. MILLER CO.. Box 97. FREEPORT. II.I.

IG Profits in Poultry

if you raise it right. Let us help you “get
right” with a new 1906-pattern

Standard Cyphers Incubator

Guaranteed to hatch more and larger chicks
than any other. Kasy to operate. Complete Cat¬
alog and Poultry Guide, z28 pages (8x11) tree
if you mention this paper and send names of 2
neighbors who keep poultry. Writ, nr.r.it offlo.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.. Buffalo, Boston, Chicago.
New York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

9o6

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 16,

Live Stock and Dairy.

THAT BLESSED KENTUCKY MULE.

Mule raising here is a big thing as a
money business. There are hundreds of
them fed here every Fall and Winter and
shipped South. Some feeders feed as
high as .’tOO or 400 head. The mule has
a great fondness for roughage; will eat
any kind of a worthless weed or grass that
no other kind of live stock will eat, and
stay fat on such forage. As a consequence,
these mule feeders fatten the mule for
market chiefly on sorghum and a little
grain of some kind. The mule eats very
slowly and chews its food well, which ac¬
counts for its being easily kept and always
well. People who will not take advice
from these health hint writers as to a thor¬
ough chewing of all victuals can get
some pointers from the mule. The mule
is good property to have; no matter how
little, or big, or ugly, young or old, is
never a drag on the market. He brings
into many a home cheer and happiness
that would never come had it not been
for his money value. Some farmer who
has a poor farm and has one or more plug
brood mares can raisg some mule colts
which will bring $50 or more at weaning
time. Of course the better the mare the
better the mule. A mare mule colt brings
$10 or $15 more than a horse mule colt.
A mule colt is judged by its head and
ears; big head and ears a sign of a good
mule; that is, its bod}' will grow to its
head and ears. geo. a. Campbell.

Kentucky.

HOW TO KEEP OFF HAWKS.

In the first place my chicken yard is
fenced with poultry netting, small mesh
at bottom— larger mesh at top. Length¬
wise of the field I run wires; telegraph
wire or wire one-half as large, on high
posts 10 feet above ground and about 30
feet apart. Across these wires I stretch
common twine, such as is used for lining
cornfields. Just how frequently these
lines stretch cross the wires I do not
know, but last season mine were not more
than four or five feet apart. I think
these lines should cover the entire field
to the outermost edge. 1 his costs some¬
thing — a small sum of money for mate¬
rial, some labor, and considerable time —
but it is a satisfaction to let one’s chicks
out and feel that they are safe. I never
saw a hawk in my chicken yard last sea¬
son after the lines were put up. Put up
the posts and wire substantially, and they
will remain, several years. The twine
will need renewing every season, although
with care, taking down and rolling it up
in the Fall, it might be made to do duty
two seasons. I also hang up on the wire
some strips of colored cloth, and some
shiny pieces of tin. Shiny bottles sus¬
pended also are good.

Massachusetts. Granville pierce.

JERSEY CATTLE AT THE SOUTH.

My observation of Jerseys, North and
South, for the past eight or ten years,
leads me to believe that quite the opposite
of your surmise is really the case. My
opportunities of seeing the herds in the
different sections has been limited, but I
am sure I must have seen fair representa¬
tives among the 25 that figured in the
St. Louis test last season. I must con¬
clude that size in Jerseys is controlled
largely by blood lines, and the St. Lam¬
berts and Combination strains, and also
the Signals, are certainly a larger breed
than the Tormentors, Rioters and Gil-
derays. Those cattle of recent importation
that I have seen are to be ranked as me¬
dium-sized too. It is a fact that Jerseys
develop more rapidly and come to a use¬
ful maturity at an earlier age in the South
than they do in the North, but as a gen¬
eral proposition the types are not very
different, due to the fact, no doubt, of a

constant interchanging of blood, through
young stock that are shipped into both
sections from the other, except that the
large and coarse types of certain famous
northern strains are not sought after
and used by southern breeders.

There is a strong tendency by Jersey
breeders everywhere to eliminate white
markings, which is a deplorable idea ac¬
cording to my notion, as nothing adds to
the attractiveness of a herd of cattle like
white spots on the beautiful background
that Jersey colorings afford. Solid col¬
ored Jerseys give no more milk and make
no more butter than those with the white
on them, and they are not of any purer
blood. It is a safe prediction that the
dairy interests of the South will keep step
with the progress in all other lines, and
the Jersey breeders of the South will con¬
tinue, as they have done in the past, to
stand at or near the top of the ladder in
supplying the best blood for foundation
and improvement purposes.

Tennessee. geo. Campbell brown.

BRIEF DAIRY NOTES.

What right has a man to demand a guar¬
antee when buying a cow? Let him milk her,
see quantity and quality, have it tested by
Babcock method, and take as good care of her
as the seller did, for the chances are he
will not, and then he blames the other man.
Then another gives poor advice about butter¬
making; you cannot make gilt-edge butter
if you churn at 70 degrees; (54 degrees
in Winter is more than it should be, but
churning by hand at lower temperature is
slow, hard work, and the old dasher churn
is too hard on any woman, and should be
a back number, when a good barrel or box
churn will permit the buttermilk to be drawn
off, butter washed with one or two waters,
drained, salted and thoroughly worked, and
never lifted out until printed or packed.
Why make work harder than necessary by
sticking to old-fashioned methods?

Why do the writers continually tell or
claim that Jersey cows are nervous? We milk
50 and there are not five in the lot that
are as nervous or timid as the same number
of average cows; in fact they are almost too
docile, if such was possible.

Allegheny Co., Pa. r. f. shannon.

Magistrate: “Have I not seen you
twice under the influence of liquor?”
Prisoner: “Well, Judge, if you was un¬
der its influence mebbe you did see me
twice.” — Philadelphia Ledger.

Capacity

1,500

Pounds.

WarsawW/lkinso* Cc

WARSAW. N. Y

Glimax Carrier.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bin to manger, carries manure from all
stablings to same pile or dumps on wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. W rite for descripti v e circular.

War saw- Wilkinson Go.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

THIS COOKER

makes feed go twice as far,
cooks all kinds of feed, serves a
dozen other farm purposes. The

Farmers’ Favorite

Is made to last; heaviest strong¬
est low-priced cooker made.

Model service in sugar and ap¬
ple butter making, butchering,
etc. Write for circular and prices today.
L. R. Lewie, 12 Main St, Cortland, N.Y.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Sfovaa, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal-
drone, etc. tar Send for circulars.
D. B. 8PEBBY A CO., Batavia, HI.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,

Calf Bkin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odorless and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags ana
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

We also manufacture and sel I direct
toconsumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy raw fnrs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list. 5

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

FUR RQBES, COATS, MITTENS

at first cost. Ship us your cattle, horse, mule and
«mrnal skins. \Yetan and manufacture to order. Soft,
p.iable. wind, water and moth proof. Samples free.
Galloway coats and robes for safe at wholesale prices

Milford Robe & Tanning Co. .Milford, Indiana

FODDER SHREDDER. crusher, belting. all

suitable for 3 to 5 H. P. fine order. Ft. paid. Those
who accepted our PIG OFFER for a few days spare
time, were highly pleased with results, and how easy
it was to do; more offers open, but better write soon.

PENN\. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannetfsburg, Pa.

Breeders Improved L. E. Berkshires.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester, Mich

Oft PIGS, August and September farrow,
•. 1 1 also mature sows. Bred and registered;

choice stock, prices low. S. T. W1TMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

KENTUCKY JACKS

AND STALLIONS.

One hundred head of

Jacks, Jennets, Saddle
and Trotting Stallions.

for sale reasonable,

J. F. COOK & COMPAN Y, Lexington, Ky.
Branch barn, Marion, Kansas.

ivura i i

DEDVCUIDC CnUfC A few R°0<1 ones

DCIllVOmnC OUVVOl cheap from my im¬
ported boar and well bred dams. R. F. SHANNON.
907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

FOR ?AI K- 'At a bargain, 50 Hampshire Ewes
rUll OsLt and I^imbs and some Ra:

sell. F.

and Lambs and some

B. CONINE, Kanona, N.

ms. Must

Y.

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle. Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rams. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ilavenna, Ohio.

(IIDflDCUlDC DAM? Prize winners. Im-
OnnUronmL nAlYlOi ported and home bred.
Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.

pro n I P ClA/INC of a11 ages. Both

HLUi Ui li Ui u TV I ML sexes from the right
place. CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA'S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed Juno 12, are beauties. Fioretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier. 80005. is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON', Prop. Marbledale, Conn.

• — » - -

Reg^P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
Holstelns. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
in Calf. Hamilton &Co.. Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock; prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East I’liarsalia, N. Y.

PHTCUini 0 Lincoln and Leicester

UU I O W ULIIi Rams; also a few Cotswold
ewes. L. R. KUNEY; Adrian, Michigan.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Spring and fall litters of EZITT and HIGHCLERE
strains, for sale. B. E. HUNT, Reading Centre, N. Y.

FOR SALE

Registered Jersey calves of both sexes, well bred, solid
colored and good individuals. One bull fit for service.

J. GRANT MORSE,

Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.

JERSEYS— 3 Bulls 10 to 12 mos., 3 Heifers 2 mos.
** old; all solid color, good. Sire a “Pure St
Lambert.” J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster, Pa

No More Blind Horses £,fe,«°*S£r

soreeyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

WOODLAND

—Shorthorn Cattle and
Tunis Sheep. W. I.
WOOD, Williamsport, O.

LAKELAND HERD, 125 HEAD

HOLSTEI N-FRIESIAN CATTLE

of both sexes and all ages. Cows all officially tested
breeding of the best, many sired by or descended from
Pietertje Hengerveld's Count De Koi, who has 47 A.
R. O. daughters. Mutual Pietertje Paul at head of
herd; dam s record, 25 lbs. 9 oz. in 7 days.

I®1- Inspection invited. Correspondence solicited.
WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

ABS0RBINE

Cures Strained Puffy Ankles,
Lymphangitis, Bruises and
Swellings, Lameness and
Allays Pain Quickly
without Blistering, removing the
hair, or laying the horse up. $2.00
per bottle, delivered, with full
directions. Book 9 B free.

ABSORBINE, JR., formankind,

$1.00 Bottle. Cures Strains, Gout,
"Varicose Veins, Etc. Mfd. only by
W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 MonmouthSt,, Springfield , Mass.

AS TMEV

50NETint$

ARE

1

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SPiLVIlM CTJFIE

M rite us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect yon.

“Save-tlie-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Tlioroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.

per bottle with written guarantee.
M- w# Send for copy, also booklet and acores of
l etter* on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your own case.

At all drngKfats and dealers or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

Tuttle’s Elixir

Our old $100 offer always good
for failure to cure, when cure is
possible, anycaseof splint, curb,
colic, thrush, etc. "Veterinary
Experience,” the horseman’s in¬
fallible guide. Valued every¬
where. A copy mailed free. Write for it.

Tuttle’s Elixir Co„

30 Beverly St* Boston, Maas.

IT’S A FACT

That we now have more young cows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
They are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d's Butter
Boy 3d, Beryl Wayne's Paul DeKol. and the imported
hull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for further particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD. Established 1876.

HENRY STEVENS & SON.
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N.Y.

UniCTCIN Rill I FOR SALE. “Adelbert
nULOlUN DULL Soldene” 39259.

Born Oct 15,1904. Little more black than white.
Sire. "Soldene Clothilde Artis’’, Sire of 9 A. R. O.
daughters whose dam made 544.7 lbs. milk, 21
lbs. 13 oz. butter 7 days.

Dam, "Felicia 3d" at 3 years made 411.7 lbs. milk, 15
lbs. 14.9 oz. butter.

This one will please you. Will be sold cheap.

T. A. MITCHELL, WEEDSPORT, N, Y.

Jegist’p Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down 8heep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
[Collie Dogs and a variety of
■ Poultry. Come see my
(stock and make your own
„ .... selections. Send 2c. stamp

Fancy ofhureka 130M1 for New Catalogue
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, l’enna

Lady can hold him.

of the BEERY BIT
TOUR DITS IN ONE

Cure* Kickers, Itunawaya, I’ullcr.,
Shyer*, ele. Send for Bit on Ten
Bays’ Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of using it.
Prof. J.Q. Beery, Pleasant Hill, Ohio.

ALL ABOUT H0LSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-page Illustrated pamphlet,
describingthie great breed of rattle.

r. L. HOUGHTON, Sec'y, Brattleboro, Vt.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

holstein-friesians

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 1^5 to select irom. Animals of both sexes
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.^
A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic. N. J

Pure Bred Holsteln-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
feOlL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
nve years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices ob
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS

CHATTEL MORTGAGE SALE!

1 have recently bought a large herd of registered
Holsteins, some at chattel mortgage sale at a
great bargain. 1 can quote these prices:

Registered H. F. cows, value S100. my price,

. $125, ”

$150, ”

$175, ”

$200, ” ”

value $100,

my

pm

^100

5125

8150

5175

price.

Registered service bulls
$60 to $75.

270 Head to select from 270

4n n Milk from herd tested over 4# 4 O n n
p* U* fat for the past season. (J , b<

Handsome illustrated circulars sent free.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

MYER & SON, Bridge vi lie, Del.

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

ENG. BERKSHIRE SWINE
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

All of the Very Highest Quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

E. H. KNAPP & SON, - FABIUS, N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

9o7

WINTERING THE BROOD SOW.

How would you winter one or two brood
sows in order to get most out of them?

A farm is a very small one that has not
room for one or two brood sows at any
time, and especially during the Winter,
one at least may be kept with profit.
There are so many wastes about the
stables, dairy and kitchen, that a sow
will save, if she has opportunity. There
are small potatoes, refuse, partly decayed
apples, stray grains of wheat, rye, corn
and oats that find their way to the floors
of the buildings, and cannot be gathered
up and used in the usual way, but can be
swept out where the sow can nose around,
and find them. Often whole grains of
corn arc voided by the cattle stock of the
farm, that arc saved from loss by the dili¬
gent brood sow. A sow can get a good
share of her living by working over the
manure from a few animals : the manure
besides will be in much better condition
for distribution. Small potatoes can be
cooked occasionally on the kitchen stove
without loss of heat, and with no annoy¬
ance to the housewife, if she is in sym¬
pathy with the scheme as she should be,
when she will add the dairy wastes, mak¬
ing a much-relished ration for the sow.
Where clover hay, Alfalfa or other le¬
gumes are fed to the horse and cattle
stock, many stems and leaves will find
their way under foot and into the manure
pile; thus will many of them be saved by
the sow. Do not try to confine the sow
to too small a space, but give her oppor¬
tunity for exercise. If there are grass
plots that she can range over, it will be to
her advantage — and unless made too fat
with heating grains, there will not be
many days of wea her so severe at a time
that she will not take good exercise.

First thing when a sow comes into pos¬
session of the farmer who intends to win¬
ter her, she should be made free of all
vermin, a sure-for-certain job made of it.
An important point then is her shelter;
for this to be a success it must be dry,
warm and free from wind blasts. If so
small that the heat from her own body will
help to warm it, so much the better. It
should contain so much dry litter, leaves
or straw, or waste fodder that she can
bury herself in it when the weather is ex¬
tremely cold. Many will find a nook about
the barn buildings that can be used as a
resting place for the sow. It is often
convenient to give her place in the base¬
ment of the barn. Wherever she is kept,
remember that comfort is what she wants,
and that she cares nothing for appearances
and surroundings so she can have com¬
fort. The farmer can regulate these af¬
fairs that are minor ones to the sow, as
best suits his tastes and pockethook. It
is a good plan to make the products of
the sow pay for the enhanced appearances
of her surroundings, such as go to. show
thrift in farming. A sow properly cared
for along these lines will easily lay on
flesh against the day of parturition. If
this flesh is made with foods rich in pro¬
tein, she can carry an abundance of it
without injury when plenty of exercise is
a part of its make-up. But if her flesh is
made up mainly with heat-forming grains
and little exercise, she will not do so well
in the day of her trial. Some feeders
will carry a sow too thin, some too fqt,
more of them probably thinner than they
should. Avoid extremes in this matter
and try to strike a happy medium. An¬
other very important point; be on friendly
terms with the sow. Never strike or kick
her, but rather spend a little time scratch¬
ing and rubbing her; this is a compound
interest investment. Still another point,
the dog of the farm should not in any
manner be a part of the brood sow in¬
vestment, that is. should never be allowed
to bite or worry the sow. The sow may
have an acquaintance with him, but no
fear should be mingled with it.

JOHN M. JAMISON.

If I was only wintering one or two
brood sows I would allow them all the free
range possible, with a little grain feed,
corn or shorts twice each day. So long as
the ground is not covered with snow

would feed grain very lightly if they have
access to pasture, which is necessary for
brood sows. This is inexpensive and much
better for the sows. Brood sows will not
do well without plenty of exercise and
should be kept in nice stock flesh, but not
over fat. After snow falls they should
have warm quarters to lie in, but not fed
strong, so as to compel them to move
around all possible and root for something
to eat. A brood sow that is matured will
require very little feed to keep her in nice
thrifty condition until farrowing or within
two weeks of farrowing, when she should
be fed a little stronger. Through the
cold Winter months there is nothing bet¬
ter for brood sows than roots, turnips,
clover chaff mixed in their slop, and it is
a cheap ration. Sows cared for in this
manner should get along well at farrow¬
ing time. w. A. LOTHERS.

Pennsylvania.

If I had one or two brood sows I would
winter them as I do my 11. I give them
the run of a Blue grass pasture when not
muddy. Even in the coldest weather
they find some picking they enjoy. I
have pens with board floors for them to
sleep in, with plenty of corn fodder bed¬
ding. It lasts longer and keeps cleaner
than anything else. The sows will eat
some of it. My sows are fed one-third
each corn, ship-stuff and bran. I throw
them some sugar cane with heads on and
mangels, clover hay or anything they will
eat for a change. A week before farrow¬
ing stop the corn and feed more beet and
oil meal. I very seldom have any trouble
at farrowing time. Seven gilts and four
old sows raised 108 pigs, the males at six
months weigh 200 pounds, where not fat.
After buying all kinds I am better pleased
with the Duroc Jerseys than any of them.
I have been selecting for bone, muscle,
large litter and good feeders. I believe
anyone can do the same with any breed.
I never keep any for breeding from a
young sow unless it is to get some new
blood from a noted family for breeding;
keep from litters of eleven and up. My
hogs are pets and know their names ;
come when they are called. I enjoy their
company and am always happy when
showing them. Friends say I have luck
with hogs; I don’t think there is any luck
about it, take care of your hogs and they
will take care of you. Do not meet them
with a club in one hand and slop bucket in
the other unless you have money to lose.

Illinois. _ a. s. ARCHER.

“Why,” asks a Missouri paper, “‘does
Missouri stand at the head in raising
mules?” “Because,” said another paper,
“that is the only safe place to stand.” —
Credit Lost.

You

Can Buy A

NATIONAL

V now and pay J
next year

Don't put off buying a
| National until Spring. Buy
it now and get the use and
profit in the mean time. The
National Separator
| earns its cost faster than
you need it. Money refu tided
I any time if machine fails to
keep our promises. Remem*

1 her that the

NATIONAL SEPARATOR

pays for itself the first year— after 1
I thatitpays for other things. The sooner*",
you get the National in, the sooner it
will begin saving for you.

Write to-day for Book oO
and details of plan. Address^

| HASTINGS INDUSTRIAL COT
General Sales Agents,

La Salle A Lake Sts. Chicago.
Manufactured by
National Dairy Mach. Co.,

Agents Wanted. Newark, N. J.

r Height

ONLY I
50 in.

THIS SKIMMING <

MACHINE

takes the cream
from the milk
quicker than wringers squeeze water
from clothes. It gets n quarter to
a half more cream than by setting,
because it uses centrifugal force— a
force thousands of times stronger,
quicker, more effective than the
force that makes cream rise in pans.

harpies

TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

tg

after milking, because boy of ten can
run Tubular during milking. No
skim milk to warm, because skim
milk is fed still warm from cow.

Half leas washing, labor and
expense, because only cream is put
away. Catalog X-153 explainsclearly.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

Toronto, Can, Wast Chostar, Pa. Chicago, III,

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

DE LAVAL

CREAM SEPARATORS

Save $10.- Per Cow

EVERY YEAR OF USE

Over All Gravity Setting Systems
And $3. to $5. Per Cow
Over All Imitating Separators.

Now is the time to make this most im¬
portant and profitable of dairy farm in¬
vestments. It will half pay for itself by
spring. Send for new catalogue.

The De Laval Separator Co.

Randolph & Canal Sts.

CHICAGO

7 4 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

Steam

Is the reliable power. Don't be
misled on the power question.
Don’t buy any until you know
what you can do with steam and

A Leffel
Engine.

The line is specially adapt¬
ed to farm uses. Horizontal,
Upright, Portable— engines
on skids, on boilers, for wall¬
ing in, etc. We’ve been mak-
iiing those dependable farm
_ power- for many years. Lef¬
fel Engines are a synonym for efficiency. You have
a score of uses for such a power. Lot us send you our
little book, "PowerEconomy and Efficiency. ” Free.
The James Leffel & Co.. Bo^60^£rlnglleld^lb

Why pay
double? No mill
madedoes faster
or better grind¬
ing than the

NEW

HOLLAND

You be the judge. Try it free. Grinds ear
corn and all grain fine or coarse as wanted.
Our fast cutting Wood Saw is the best made
Write for fret Catalogs.

New Holland Machine Co., Box H& New Holland, Pa.

FEED & UTTER'

Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made — no
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves.
Will operate any distance over head.

Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. For infor¬
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address

Louden Machinery Go., 39 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.

’Vro

Meat
and Milk

Itis nottheamount of food consumed thatcounts
In the manufacture of meat and milk but the
W amount of food digested and assimilated. Nature V

W provides the necessary aids to digestion in Summer by w

f green pasture containing laxatives which regulate the T
bowels and many other of Nature’s tonics and medicines,
but during the Winter, stock being deprived of this most
essential part of the natural diet and subsisting on dry feed,
the 50 to 60 per cent, of the food usually digested Is often reduced

FY to 40 per cent, or even to barely enough to sustain life with no gain

in weight perceptible. Now, instead of permitting such conditions to ^
decrease the amount of digestible nutrition and destroy all the profit, feed ^
Dr. Hess stock Food twice a day as directed, and if you do not produce more
pounds of weight on the same amount of feed than ever before, besides keeping your
animals free from disease, return the empty sack aud your money will be refunded.

is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M. D„ D. V. S.), containing tonics for the digestion, iron for the
blood, nitrates to expel poisonous materials from the system, laxatives to regulate the bowels.
The ingredients of Dr. Hess Stock Food are recommended by the Veterinary Colleges and the
Farm Papers. Recognized as a medicinal tonic and laxative by our own Government, and

sold on a written guarantee at

f" (f- per lb. In 100 lb. sacks ; J Except In Canada
25 lb. pail, $1.60 } We"t a»drsoutii.

A tablespoonful per day for the average hog. Less than a penny a day for horse, cow or steer.
If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

Remember, that from the 1st to the I Oth of each month, Dr. Hess will furnish
veterinary advice and prescriptions free, if you will mention this paper, stale what
stock you have, also what stock food you have fed, and enclose two cents for reply. In
every package of Dr. Hess Stock Food there is a little yellow card that entities you to this
free service at any time.

Dr. Hess Stock Hook free, if you will mention this paper, state how much stock you
have and what kind of stock food you have used.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio

Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a ^
and Instant Louse Kilter.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice.

9o8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 16, 1905.

BUY* DIRECT FROM

FACTORY, BESi

MIXED PAINTS

AIWHOLESALE Pit ICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 year*. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. I.ow prices will surprise you. Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per centcoinuiissiou

to get order* for our celebrated Tea.,
Coffee., Spices, Kxtract* and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Prefaeuta and Coupon,
with evory purchaae. CliAKGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO.,

P. O. Box 289, 31-33 Vesey St., New York

If TUU W A

Well

IP YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

DRILLING OR
PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever madel Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE GO., TIFFIN, OHIO.

You Want a Saw
— Mill? Write Knight, be lias
w- them 111 stock for Engines Of 10 to 123 ^
^’hor.e power. His little booklet, “ Let's -
Get Acquainted,” gives von an explaua-
i tion. Write for It now. The Knight^ — J

Mfg. Company Dept. J. - ■

Canton, O.

Steel Roofing, $1.50 Per 100 Sq. Ft.

.New, painted both sides, most durable and economical
roof covering for Homes, Barns. 8heds, etc. Freight Peld
(9 •** Points East of Colorado, except
* m 9 a ■ MW\ Oklahoma, Ind. Ter. and Texas. Prices
elsewhere on application. $1.50 is prire
on orr Xo. 15 Flat .Sheets, 2 ft.x2 ft. At
^l.p'Iwo furnish the eame in corrugated
! or “V*’ crimped. We also furnish this in
b and 8 ft. lengths at an advance of 50c
per sq. Ask for our Freo Illustrated 500
Pago Catalog No. A. M, 67 on Lumber,
Hoofing, Wiro Fencing, Hardware. Fur¬
niture, Clothingand General Stocks from
Sheriffs' and Receivers' Sales. Wo
bought the Fifty Million Dollar 8t. Louis World’s Fair.
Chksegs House Wrockmg Co., 35tli ft Iron Sts., Chicago

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL

The WAGON to BUY.

‘Properly con
strueted. Saves labor, annoy
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS WAGOANLSL

Your address on a postal will bring yon free catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17. Geneva, Ohfo^

For grinding feed or
table meal with 1 to 5
H. P. gasoline engines,

or any kind of power, grind¬
ing corn, wheat, rye, oats,
barley, etc., the

No. 2 Hero Grinder

Is unequalled in quality and
quantity of work done. Ca-

£aeity large enough for 5
orse power, and yet It wilt
not choke down the lightest power. Eleven
other sizes and styles for 1 to 15 horse power.

In lead over 30 years. Also wood saws, shellers,
huskers, manure spreaders, tread powers, sweep
powers, windmills, farm trucks, etc., all gua¬
ranteed full Appleton Quality. Catalog free for
the asking. Ask for it now.

APPLETON MANUFACTURING CO.

27 Fargo Street, Batavia, Ill., U. S. A.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

With abs c5 afety, at small cost may be had by using the

o

Impr tfd Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
I ^oved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

C?yr more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu-

Builtl

sivel; 'ed for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman

So w' ■<& that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 yc being still In active service.

'JEif o- wop for “C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office

Rfo * ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

*5 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin 8t., Boston

<0 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St., West , Montreal, P.Q,

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 32 P/tla St., Sydn«y, N. 8. W.

Teuieu'e-Key 71, Havana, Cuba, , _

The Mill
With a Record

40 years on the market is a sufficient
guarantee that

Quaker
City
Mills

are reliable ; 2 hoppers ; grinds ear corn
or small grain at the same time or separ¬
ately; coarse or fine; special plates for
different kinds of grinding; ball bearing,
easy running; 8 sizes; 1 to 20 Horse
Power; sent on trial; freight paid; prices
reduced this year.

Write for Free Catalogue.

Thn A W Ctroilh f*n *3*3 FlIb.rtM. Philadelphia, r,.

I lie At n ■ oIiallD UO. , 43-49 s. « ...i hl, chi.a*., m.

These two men must work hard and laboriously for twelve days
to accomplish as much without the Stoddard Combination as they
could easily accomplish with it in one day.

If you were to hire twelve men for one day it would cost you $18.
The Stoddard Gasoline Engine will do as much work as the twelve men
and do it at a cost of only $4.

Every day you run a Stoddard Gasoline Engine it means $12 to $15
saved in the cost of labor.

The Stoddard Engine is as good for threshing, cutting ensilage, or
any other work requiring power, as it is for sawing wood. It is always
ready to start, in cold weather or warm, is thoroughly reliable, abso¬
lutely safe and uses a minimum of gasoline.

We’ll send you our handsome catalog free if you write for it and
mention this paper. STODDARD MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.

FOR ALL MIXED FEEDS

Unhusked corn, husked ears,
shelled corn and all grains there
is no mill made that for speed,
easy running and complete
grinding equals the

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

New double cutters, force feed, nerer
choke. Use 25 percent less power than
any others. Especially adapted foe
gasoline engines. Four sixes.

The 0. STKFLLY CO., 157 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio

NEW HOLLAND

WOOD
SAW

Great thing for home
work, a money maker
for jobbers. Very
speedy and durable.

Saws wood, poles,
posts, rips boards,
pales, lath, etc. Three
sizes. We make several styles and sizes Feed
Mills. Write for free booklets.

New Holland Mach. Co.. Box 115 , New Holland, Pa.

HERCULES BOX PRESS a five-wire, large

, , bale. Guaran¬

teed capacity 4 tons an hour, or no sale:
bales weighing 200 to 250 lbs. Write
for Catalogue.

J. A. 6PENCER, Dwight, III.

ICE PLOWS

and ICE TOOLS.

Write for Discounts.

H. Pray, North Clove, N.Y,

No Like ;

No Pay

That’s the way we
sell our mills. We
give every buyer an
opportunity to test his mill before paying
for it. We guarantee all

MONARCH MILLS

to do all sorts of Jobs at a smaller cost than
any oilier mill. Test t his statement to prove
it by sending fora mill. Catalogue free.

H anyothi
I It by sen

L2

SPROUT, WALDRON A. CO.
P. O. Box 263 Muncy, Pa

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Griinm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost in one season This is Guaranteed or no
Sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print * C” free. Terms, May 1, 1906.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt., and Montreal, P. Q.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringer* and buy the Genuine, baw
Mills. 4 B. 1’. and up. Shingle, Planing. Lathand Corn
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses, Water Wheels.
Catalog free. We pay the freight.

DeLOACU MILL M’F’U. CO., Box 303' Atlanta, Ga.

AW MILE.

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of Iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. Five sizes portable saw mills; shingle ma¬
chines; lath mills; cord wood, cut-off and rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for it. Address

American Saw Mill Machinery Co., 129 Hope St.. Hackettstown, N. J.

New York City Office, 610 Engineering Building. •

Distributing Points: Bin Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Vaneouror, 8t. L>uh, Hew
_ _ Orleans, Atlanta, Richmond. _ _

To California—

Why don’t YOU go too?

MOST PEOPLE who go to California
go in tourist cars because they are clean,
comfortable and economical.

MOST PEOPLE who go to California
stop at medium priced hotels costing not
more than $1.00 per day. They see just
as much and enjoy the experience as
heartily as the (comparatively) few who
live at the luxurious “bon ton” resorts.

MOST PEOPLE who go to California
prefer one of the Rock Island’s two routes
and the exceptionally good accommoda¬
tions provided.

MOST PEOPLE go to California who
can afford it as well as you can.

Why don’t you go too?

Let us send you our illustrated California
booklet aud help you plan the trip.

JOHN SEBASTIAN,

Passenger Traffic Manager, Bock Island System.

CHICAGO.

r

CONTRACT FOR TOMATO PLANTS.

What Are They Worth?

1 am asked to take contract for growing 200,000 tomato
plants for a factory here. What would it he worth per
1,000? llow much space would it take, and how long will
it take to get them ready for the field? I would like to
hear the various features of the question, discussed.

Iowa. w. w. p.

A Pennsylvania Grower's Estimate.

With reference to cost of growing tomato plants, no
man can do more than attempt an imperfect approxima¬
tion; so many contingencies are likely to arise that no
two batches of plants were ever put out on my place

at the same cost. To illustrate, the foreman may be
called out to look after something else for, say half a
day; as a consequence there is only about half as much
work done as usual or a very severe cold spell may
necessitate a great deal of matting the frames, so that
from 4 to 5 P. M. a detail of the best hands have to be
sent out to look after the plants in the frames. IIow
can a man anticipate the cost of such increased items
of expense? Again, it frequently happens that there is
a great deal of wind during the month of March and
fore part of April, with corresponding evaporation, so
that we frequently have to put an extra man to hold
the hose on the plants generally seven days a week, and
a good part of the night, or as long as one can see.
We have something less than 10,000 square feet of
glass, with a few hundred 3x6 sash. Our conditions
are somewhat primitive, and T don’t know how the re¬
turns would compare with up-to-date plants, but we

grew and transplanted into “flats” last Spring 373,000
tomatoes, 290,000 celery, 125,000 cabbage, besides a lot
of pepper, egg plant, etc., that I have no account of.

We used three men and four boys practically four

months, at a total cost for labor of $465 ; manure, $40 ;
coal (pea coal at $2.50), $30; interest on plant at $2,000,
six per cent, $120; sinking fund at six per cent, $120;
cost of Hats, 10,000, and making, $400; total $1,175.

Our plants are grown in flats the size of tomato cases,
13 x 17 inches inside measure ; planted V/ inch each
way; there will be 108 plants to the box. A 3 x 6 sash

will cover about nine of these boxes or “flats.” Our

first sowing of seed is made about February 15 ; 20 to 25
days later we begin to transplant. Seed is sown in

flats of same size with temperature 75 to 80 degrees.
We count on 1,500 good seedlings from one flat of this
size. A man who can fill his own boxes and transplant
5,000 seedlings per day without any help is a first-class
hand. Our method of planting is somewhat different,
but that is another story. It should not be forgotten
that the above calculations make the first season pay for
the manure and flats, whereas the manure is not injured
by being placed in bottom of frames, and goes on the
early celery ground in better shape than if not so used,
while the flats are good from three to four years.

We have a little one-horse canning factory doing
about $50,000 worth of business a year, and I find this
question of figuring costs is the finest kind of a fine art,
and it requires a great deal of care to preserve the
average of cost. As a rtde, our plants are never sold
for less than $3 per 1.000, and a few years since we lost
some customers who were induced to buy at a bargain

counter in the South somewhere, but the length of time
required by those quickly grown plants to become accli¬
mated, together with the poor root system, not having
been transplanted, not to speak of the mixed character
of the stock, all tended to discourage buying from such
sources. m. garrahan.

Pennsylvania.

For New Jersey Gardeners.

The most general method of growing plants in this
section is by using manure-heated beds. The beds
should be a sheltered piece of ground with a southern
exposure, as near the dwelling as possible, as it requires
frequent trips to and fro in the attention necessary in

the plant-growing industry, The room required to
raise 200,000 tomato plants would he a strip of ground
100 feet long and 50 feet wide; this would allow four
rows of beds of 25 sash to the row, and give room for
walks between the rows. Size of sash 7x3 feet 6
inches, and it would require 100 such sash to raise
200,000 tomato plants, as 2,000 plants per sash is a very
fair average, taking into consideration the various risks,
such as mice in the beds, improper ventilation, etc. A
good two-horse wagonload of hot manure is used in
the foundation for every three sashes, after which a
layer of fine loam is put on and the seed sown in rows.
As soon as the seed breaks through the soil, the sash
should be raised for ventilation, a little at first, and as
the plants become stronger, more ventilation should be
given. In this section under favorable conditions it
takes about six weeks for plants to mature to the field
planting stage. Seed is planted about March 20. For

9io

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 23,

plants pulled from the bed, without being transplanted,
$1.50 per 1,000 would be a very favorable price for a
bulk of 200,000 plants. L. A. P.

Palmyra, N. J.

Figures from Illinois.

The cost of growing tomato plants in quantity de¬
pends on the size and quality of plants wanted, as well
as the time to be set for delivering the same. A good
strong seedbed plant, six to eight inches long, grown in
the field without the use of hotbed or cold frame, count¬
ed, but not packed or boxed for shipment, delivered at
your own door, can be grown for 40 cents per 1,000, if
you grow large quantities, not less than 100,000. If
plants are to be shipped add enough to cover boxing, say
10 cents per 1,000. If plants are to be grown in hotbeds
or greenhouse, in order to get them ready early enough,
the cost will be, say 80 cents per 1,000. If transplanted
plants arc wanted, add $1 to $2.50 per 1,000, according
to size, and how early wanted. Field-grown plants of
above named size can be grown in about six weeks,
more or less, according to the season, and to the time
plants are wanted. In making your contract, you must
insist that the factory take plants when ready; you can¬
not manufacture plants in the same way as, for instance,
watches, to store away and keep in desired size for any
length of time, and you cannot control the growing of
your plants, especially those in the open ground ; they
might he two or three inches high, and look rather poor
on account of a cold spell ; if then the weather turns
at once, and you get a fine rain followed by some warm
days, your plants will be jumping, and might be over¬
grown in two weeks’ time, and worthless. You must
also have a clause in your contract to the effect that
you are relieved from all responsibility in case any in-
- jury should happen to befall the plants from frost,
drought, hail, cyclones or other causes, over which you
have no control. It will not do to seed all at once; if
you do you will have to seed at least for double as many
plants as you need in order to be sure to fill your con¬
tract. You can grow 1,000 good, stocky seedlings on
25 to 30 square feet of ground ; of course you can grow
up to 10,000 plants on that space, but not stocky, short,
heavy plants. The above-named prices refer only to
plants sold on contracts. For the open trade you cannot
grow good plants at those rates, as you have to do ad¬
vertising, etc., and depend upon smaller orders arriving
occasionally. L. m.

Onarga, Ill.

An Estimate from Delaware.

I consider that 50 cents per 1,000 would be a fair
price, as the plants are grown under out of door con¬
ditions in the State of Delaware. It is usual here to
sow the seed about the first of April on ground that
has been heavily manured and well prepared, usually
of light loam, sowing the seed thickly in the rows, as
the heat of germination is of material assistance in aid¬
ing the plants to come through the ground. Usually
the rows are very narrow, say eight inches. It is a
mistake to make them too narrow, as the plants are
likely to be spindling if grown too thick. It is also
good practice to thin the plants in the row after the
plants are fairly well up and have begun to grow, in
order to insure strong, stocky plants instead of weak
stalks and leggy growth.

By planting the rows 14 inches apart a small mule
maj' be used successfully to cultivate the plants after
they are one inch high. Such cultivation would, of
course, require a trained mule and a trained man. both
of which have been fairly plentiful in Delaware. For
the very best plants we have always considered land
not too rich in nitrogen to be the best, but to insure
a quick start nitrate of soda in a very small quantity
should be used as soon as the plants are fairly well
out of the ground, taking care to give the plants only the
very smallest quantity possible. Keep the plants coated
with standard Bordeaux Mixture with one-half pound
Paris-green to 50 pounds Bordeaux from start to finish.
This precaution will insure freedom from fleas and Po¬
tato bugs, and also prevent fungus attacks. Vitality of the
seed should be tested before using under as near field
conditions as possible. Growing plants so early in the
season among the essentials are a warm, well-drained
soil, protection from northwest winds, and a perfect
seed bed. The first plants under perfect conditions of
growing should he ready to set in four to six weeks.
The amount of land necessary to grow 200,000 plants
may be easily figured out by taking into account the
amount of seed sown in a rod of row, together with the
measure of the rows, calculating that 75 per cent of the
seed should produce plants fit to use. Usually a much
higher per cent is used, but as none but the best plants
should he taken for field use the best practice would be
to discard at least 25 per cent, including seeds that did
not germinate. s. h. derby.

Delaware. __ _

We have four farm papers, hut much prefer our R. N.Y.,
and incidentally let me say, the hint about taking milk
stains from dark woolen goods, by sponging with hot black
coffee, saved the price of many subscriptions in this family.

Maine. mrs. e s. f.

LONG EXPERIENCE IN SPRAYING.

An Advocate of Lime, Sulphur and Salt.

When the American Pomological Association held its
biennial meeting in Los Angeles, Cal., the Horticultural
Association of California exhibited their process of fu¬
migating by the hydrocyanic acid gas under the tent
process, which never became very popular outside of
California, and is about unused there at present. It
was not long after this when Mr. Burbank sold the

SECOND-CROP APPLES FROM VIRGINIA. Fig. 417.

right of propagating the Burbank plum to a person in
New Jersey, by which the San Jose scale was introduced
into New Jersey, and all along the Atlantic seaboard
by its dissemination. About this time 1 set out 10,000
seedling pear trees from Iowa, under a certificate of
inspection. Unfortunately, after they commenced to
grow I discovered the San Jose scale. Being in close
contact with the Department of Agriculture at Washing¬
ton, D. C., I used every possible means to destroy it.

NATIVE AND JAPAN PERSIMMONS. NATURAL SIZE.

Fig. 41S. See Ruralisms, Page 914.

The first was the whale-oil soap. I sent to Bedford,
Mass., to get a barrel of that, boiled it myself to have
it right. It was ineffective; killed small scale in a
crawling condition, but older encased scale it did not
kill. Then came the kerosene emulsion ; I gave that
a thorough trial, and found that would not destroy
them. Then came the recommendation of crude oil,
but found it failed. It killed more trees than the scale

did up to that time. When the Buffalo Exposition was
held the American Pomological Society held its meeting
in connection with it. There I met tfie State Entomol¬
ogist from Oregon, who told me they had a dead shot
on San Jose in lime and sulphur. I told him if it did
better work than the crude oil did I would want to
know its preparation. Ten days after I received the
proceedings of the Oregon Horticultural Society with
full particulars of the dead shot. I made inquiries of
the Department of Agriculture at Washington, from
which I learned it was doing effective work on the
Facific coast, but thought the climatic condition on the
Atlantic was unfavorable. However, I was favorably
impressed with Jts formula. I did my boiling in large
iron kettles. I tried it as an experiment; incorporated
the sulphur and lime thoroughly. My trees wer.e thor¬
oughly cleansed by its application. I then put up a plant
to boil 600 gallons by steam at one boiling, and boil it
about four hours; for three years I have been applying
it, and expect to use it again this Winter. When Prof.
Geo. C. Butz of our State College inspected my trees,
he reported to Prof. Surface that it was utterly im¬
possible to find a scale in my orchards, which he em¬
bodied in one of his bulletins. Since the sulphur, lime
and salt did so well with me, why should 1 not advo¬
cate its use? It also prevents the curly leaf on peaches,
taking the place of the Bordeaux Mixture, so injurious
to peach culture. w. b. k. Johnson.

Lehigh Co., Pa.

HARDINESS OF PEACH VARIETIES.

There are certain facts well known to peach growers.
Early peaches are more subject to rot than late ones.
Peaches are more liable to rot in damp and muggy
weather than when cool and dry. Some varieties are
more subject to rot than others. That all varieties with
fuzz on them are less liable to rot than the smoother
varieties does not agree with my experience. Neither
can correct conclusions be drawn from one or two sea¬
son’s experience, for soil, location, fertilization and
culture are also factors in the rot problem. Fruit on
a rankly grown tree is much more subject to rot than
on one more moderately grown. Yet I think the
weather has more to do with it than any one factor. In
1904 all our early peaches were quite subject to rot,
Rivers a total loss. In 1905 there was very little rot;
even Rivers little affected, and Greensboro no rot at
all. Yet with unfavorable weather Champions were
practically a total loss, Crosby, Stump and late varieties
practically free. I do not think the matter of fuzz vs.
rot worth considering as a factor in setting an orchard,
except people do not wish to buy fuzz.

In regard to hardiness of bud, a good frost peach
well grown will stand more cold than any other peach
tree we ever had on our grounds. And varieties of the
frost type (if I may call them so), Crosby, Pratt’s, Hill’s
Chili, etc., are more hardy in bud than many other va¬
rieties, especially of the Crawford class, but with the
varieties of the Chinese type which bear young and
have a hardy bnd, what little hardiness, if any, the fuzzy
varieties possess above them is much more than offset
by their failings. No, we do not care for any fuzz on

OUTS. H. 0. MEAD.

Massachusetts.

EXPERIENCE OF A TOMATO GROWER.

I contracted last Spring with a canning company of
Camden, N. J., to raise tomatoes for them, at $8 per
ton, Camden is 10 miles from my place, over a good
stone road. The seed was sown in the open ground
April 15 in a well-prepared plant hed, and transplanted
to the field June 5 to 10. We had some good showers
at the time, and the plants lived well, I rented a piece
of ground for $3 per acre that had been in corn last
year. The ground is sandy loam that has been farmed
hard with very little fertilizer for a number of years.
The ground was plowed and harrowed, then marked out
one way with the corn marker. I then put in the fer¬
tilizer and made up the rows with the potato planter.
I put out 18,000 plants, rows five feet apart and plants
three and one-half feet apart in the row. I used two
tons of fertilizer, no other manure. I hoe-harrowed
them four times then turned a light furrow to the rows
with a one-horse plow. The variety was New Stone;
they are solid and ripen well to the stem and suit the
canners best. I hauled to the canners 22 loads of 100
baskets each, a total weight of 78.710 pounds at $8 per
ton, $314.84, I also sold in the Philadelphia markets be¬
fore the canners were ready to receive, and after they
had closed for the season, 464 baskets for $112.50. Some
green ones sold as low as seven cents per basket, and
good ones sold for 40 cents per basket. Total for
2,674 baskets, $427.34, also about 10 baskets for home
use. I think it pays better to haul to the canners than
to Philadelphia markets, as the canners will take all
small and cracked tomatoes that would be sold in mar¬
ket as culls at a very low price, besides the extra cost
and time to haul to Philadelphia. t. s. F.

Laurel Springs, N. J.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

9i i

STILL STICKS TO LIME AND SULPHUR.

Experience of ? New Jersey Fruit Man.

The most serious obstacles which confront the fruit
grower to-day are the insect pests in general and the
San Jose scale in particular; it is indeed a hard prob¬
lem to solve, and solved it must be, or the fruit growers
will be put out of business, as many have been already.
This pernicious insect has increased and spread to an
alarming extent during the present year, owing to the
dry weather, which is always favorable to insect
growth. Many remedies have been originated and
recommended by our experiment stations, but so
far none of them seems to have proven satisfac¬
tory under all conditions and circumstances ; for,
notwithstanding the many remedies and the hard
and earnest efforts made, the scale still continues
its ravages to such an extent as to have extermi¬
nated fruit growing in many localities, and
threatens to annihilate fruit growing generally;
hedge fence, yard shrubbery and even forest
trees are infested, and the end is not yet. I am
not a calamity howler, but know the above facts
are true, and feel it best for us to look the
matter squarely in the face, and not attempt to
fool ourselves by a deceptive view of the evil.

There is an idea afloat that the scale will run
its course, and become extinct from its natural
enemies, cold weather, etc. ; but this is entirely
wrong. The scale is here to stay; its marvelous
productive powers are such as to overcome any
injury it may sustain from natural causes. There
are very few non-infected orchards to-day, and if
there are such, no matter how isolated, they soon
will be infected, for the scale spreads with almost
miraculous rapidity. It is carried for miles by
birds and insects; I also believe the larvae are
carried by the wind, but be that as it may, no
orchards will long be free of this pest. A glance
around us will show the many dead and dying
orchards from the effects of this dreadful pest.

Many fruit growers have gone out of the busi¬
ness ; even the old veterans have become dis¬
couraged, and feel that the outlook is, indeed,
dark.

Well might the question be asked whether
anything can be done to stay the progress of this
scourge, which leaves only ruin in its wake. Yes, our
scientific men and others have given us many remedies
(so-called) which, when given to a confiding public, arc
hailed as the panacea for our troubles, but often the
theories worked out with wonderful results upon ex¬
perimental grounds do not bring satisfactory results
when put in general practice, and used when conditions
are different.

The writer used many barrels of crude oil under in¬
structions of a scientific man, who said he had experi¬
mented with it, and claimed that
crude oil of proper gravity would
rid us of the scale. I have no
doubt but the results he said he
reached were exactly correct, but
the conditions under which I used
it may have been different. Sure¬
ly the results were not the same
from some cause, for with me the
oil proved very disastrous ; it
killed a large per cent of the trees,
and lowered the vitality of the rest
so as to destroy their usefulness.

After killing and injuring several
thousands of valuable trees, I
thought it best to drop the crude
oil remedy. I tried refined oils,
in different ways, always by the
advice of our scientific brothers,
with about the same results as
came from the crude oil. My
last trial with oil was the K.-L.
mixture. Being personally ac¬
quainted with the originator. I
knew him to be a very careful,
conservative and thoroughly hon¬
est man. I thought it possible he
was the Moses to lead us out of
the wilderness of destruction. This
mixture was made with great care
to secure a complete combination,
and thorough application made of
it. The result was not satisfac¬
tory; it killed some scale (I think
they were drowned), but not

enough were killed to call it a success. I am told
that Kill-o-Scale and Scalecide are effective, but when
T figure out the cost, I find that they would be expensive
if used to spray 15,000 trees, and feel I must use some¬
thing less costly

I have used for several years the lime, sulphur and
salt solution, and find that by hard work the scale can
be kept in check with it. The mixture is made as fol¬
lows: 40 pounds stone lime; 30 pounds of sulphur.

and 20 pounds of salt to 100 gallons of water; the very
best of materials should be used, the mixture boiled
until a thorough combination is formed, then applied
at once. This solution, if properly made and thoroughly
applied, will kill the scale, no matter what kind of a
tree it is on. The idea that the scale is harder to kill
when on one kind of a tree than another is an absurdity,
provided the scale is hit with the mixture. All oil
remedies used by me have killed the trees much quicker
than the scale would have done. I know full well the

“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME.’

Second Prize Picture.

Fig. 419.

lime-sulphur-salt mixture is not a perfect remedy, and
we need and probably will have something better; but
until that is discovered and thoroughly proven, I
earnestly advise the fruit growers to apply the sulphur,
lime and salt, which I assure them will check the scale
if properly made and applied. w. h. skillman.

SECOND CROP APPLES.

I send some second growth apples that were gathered
from a tree nearby to-day (October 23). The tree has

“HOME FROM HIS JOURNEY.” Fig. 420. First Prize Picture

already had one crop of apples, variety Smokehouse. Have
you often seen two crops of apples in one year on the
same tree? s. guerrant.

Franklin Co., Va.

R. N.-Y. — The apples are shown, exact size, at Fig.
417. We have never seen a case exactly like this. We
have known trees where the crop was destroyed early
by hail to start a new crop, but not after producing a
full crop in the usual way. The following comments
are made by men of wide observation in apple culture.

We shall be glad to hear from anyone else who has ob¬
served a case of this sort.

I have never met an instance where fruit was formed
from blossoms that set after the first crop had matured.
This certainly is a most interesting fact, and I think
very few have ever known it. geo. t. powell.

We have seen late blooms on apple and pear trees in
Delaware, but have never seen fruit mature in this
State, but have seen it in New York State. Usually
the fact of a second crop is caused by some disease of
the tree, and the death of the tree will follow in
3 year, or in the course of two years.

Delaware. sam’l h. derby.

Where trees are defoliated or injured in some
other way so as to check growth early in the
season, a more or less abundant second bloom
quite frequently occurs, sometimes early enough
in the season to permit of fair maturity of the
fruit. I have seen Red June reach edible ma¬
turity in this way. The phenomenon, of course,
is of no commercial importance, except as it
indicates an abnormal condition of the tree, or
of the particular branch which bears the fruit.

WM. A. TAYLOR.

U. S. Department of Agriculture.

I have several times seen small apples set as a
second crop. In visiting Prof. Bailey’s orchard
near Ithaca, N. Y., this Summer, I saw a large
number of apples formed from a second crop of
blossoms. These were especially abundant on the
Chenango trees. Many of these apples were as
large as a goose egg, and were otherwise normal,
except that they were usually seedless.

Mass. Ag’l College. f. a. vvaugh.

PITCH FOR A LEAKY TANK.

We have been having a very disagreeable ex¬
perience with a leaky tank. It is located in the
peak of the barn and holds 2,000 quarts. The
water dropping constantly down on the floor was
of course extremely annoying. Our first effort
to stop the leak was the placing of a thick coat
of Portland cement over the bottom. This ap¬
parently made bad matters worse. Removing the
cement and being unable to procure any thicker
lumber we put in a floor over the old one of
seven-eighths matched pine, the tongues and
grooving being painted with a roofing paint. Oakum
was driven as hard as possible around the sides between
the new floor and the chines, and two coats of the same
paint applied over the oakum and the floor. This paint
we were told would dry perfectly hard and would not
affect the water. Still the tank leaked, the trouble ap¬
parently being the lack of body of the paint over the
oakum. It also made the water taste and smell abom¬
inably. Then I did what I should have done at first;
sent for a barrel of southern pine black pitch. This

is used on decks of wooden ves¬
sels to fill in the deck seams after
they are calked with oakum. The
wat;r in the tank, which could
not be drawn through the outlet,
was absorbed by using a few pails
of perfectly dry soil. Then the
pitch was heated in small kettles
out in the yard, taken directly to
the tank in the kettles and applied
with a pint dipper. It can be done
with a brush, but to do a perfect
job, it must be very hot, and the
dipper will place it very much
quicker just where it is wanted
and if hot enough it will stay
there. Two coats over the oak¬
um, and one good coating over the
bottom, then another about the
edges and the work was finished.
After one kettle was used it was
hard enough to walk upon before
the next kettle could be brought
in, and the water was turned into
the tank immediately, and our
troubles wrere over. The pitch is
very inflammable and a low fire
is much better than a hot one. and
it becomes hot about the sides of
the kettle at first, leaving a lump
of undissolved pitch in the center,
which must be all liquid before
using. If it showed a tendency to
boil up, we covered the kettle with
a spider to smother it. The water
is -not affected in the slightest degree, and the quantity
used was about 70 pounds; the tank being six feet in
diameter. If we had bought the pitch at first the use
of the oakum would have been unnecessary, as it is
thin when very hot and will fill every seam.

F. C. CURTIS.

I have an inducement for a man who is so rich in worldly
possession as to have a crop of boys and girls ; the scarcity
of that God-abiding crop is the ruination of this country.
Elyria, O. mbs. a. P,

912’

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 23,

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must l>e accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
outadvertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]

Lime in Fall.

13. C., Carman, Jnd. — How would it do to
put lime on sorrel now, or will it be better
to wait till Spring? There is nothing on
ground but sorrel and weeds, short but thick;
it was mowed In July. I shall plant in
tobacco.

Ans. — We prefer to use lime in the
Fall. It would be better if the ground
could be worked over in some way be¬
fore the lime is put on. If nothing else
can be done we would work with a
spring-tooth or Acme before sowing the
lime.

Honey Locust Hedges.

11'. //., Winchester , Va. — I am trying to
protect some Bob Whites on a piece of rough
land I have, and would like to know your
opinion of the Honey locust as a hedge plant.

1 find it much easier to grow than the Osage
orange.

Ans. — Honey locust ought to be very
suitable for the purpose you mention, that
of making a covert for Bob Whites and
other game birds on rough land. It grows
to better size and more rapidly than Osage
orange, and makes an impenetrable
thicket, and is not nearly as likely to be
infested by San Jose scale, which has
latterly become a great objection to the
use of Osage orange in any capacity.

Knot in Pears.

J. M. C., Atwater, N. Y. — What is the
cause of the knot in pears? Not t lie fun¬
gus, bull the little hard knot. The pears in
this vicinity were badly infested, many being
gnarled and twisted out of shape. No vari¬
ety of pears was free from it. Is spraying
a preventive, and if so, when and how often
applied ?

Ans. — It is a common complaint of the
pear to be knotty, and so far as I know
the cause of the hard internal knots is
not fully understood. But there are
many knots that appear on the outside
of pears that are attributable to fungus
germs taking hold and multiplying so as
to cause hard spots. Scab is still an¬
other and even a more serious trouble.
Spraying with the copper preventives is
generally very effective if properly done.

H. E. V. D.

Ward Blackberry; Red Cross Currant.

M. 8. 7j., Troy. Kan. — Is the Ward black¬
berry bigger and better than t lie Snyder?
How much better is the Red Cross currant
than t lie old Dutch currant?

Ans. — We consider the Ward black¬
berry in many ways superior to Snyder.
It is a much larger, firmer and better
flavored berry than Snyder, and as grown
here is extremely productive, and seems
entirely hardy. Tt is a new variety and
we do not yet know how it will be able
to resist such ordinary blackberry dis¬
eases as Orange rust. Our three-year-old
plants are still entirely healthy. We are
not well acquainted with Red Cross cur¬
rant, but it is regarded as a larger and
better market variety than the old Red
Dutch. The latter is very prolific and
reliable, but is too small for market.

Gas Injuring Shade Trees

N. R., Hudson , Mass. — I have in front of

toy home two handsome Rock maple trees,
nearly 40 feet high ; they are set on outer
edge of sidewalk, next to street. About one
year ago the gas company laid a pipe on
the street not more than six feet from the
trees. This last Spring the buds started on
both trees; on one of the trees they soon
withered and the tree is apparently dead,
the other leaved out but the leaves are not
more than half as large as usual. I am told
that the gas has done the mischief. If there
is a slight leak in pipe how can it kill the
trees? |

Ans.— There is no doubt whatever that
gas kills many large street shade trees.
It is quite likely your trees have been in¬
jured by gas leakage about the roots. The
effects of gas poisoning are very similar
to the symptoms you describe. If the
trees are not killed outright they die in a
season or two, producing smaller leaves
than natural while they live. You are
justified in making claim on your gas

company for the value of these trees, but
whether you will eventually be able to
collect the damage or not is another
matter, as gas companies have proved
very difficult to deal with.

Storing Onions; Cause of Cabbage Rot.

J. H. G., Guyencourt, Del. — How thickly
can good onions of the Globe variety be piled
up in the Fall in a dry place, onions being
in a good state? What is the reason of cab¬
bage rotting in the core, and what is the
remedy ?

Ans. — If the onion bulbs are thoroughly
cured or ripened, they can be stored in
heaps in a dry loft or other cool dry place
in large heaps like apples or pears, to a
depth of two to three feet. In storing
them in this way, soft hay or straw should
be put down to a depth of 10 or 12 inches,
the onion bulbs heaped on this hay, and
when there is danger of freezing the
heap can be covered with 15 inches or
more of hay or straw to protect the bulbs
from freezing. Stored in this way they
can be got at for shipment at any time
when the weather is not too severely cold.
Onions can ‘be kept at a lower temperature
than apples or potatoes, and freezing will
not injure them provided the bulbs are
not disturbed while in the frozen state,
and if they are allowed to thaw out
gradually under the covering of hay or
straw. Where stored in ventilated rooms
or cellars it is best to put the onions in
slatted or ventilated crates to permit a
free circulation of air when the storage
room is ventilated ; no soft or sprouted
bulbs should be allowed either in the
heaps or crates when the bulbs are stored.
Regarding the rotting of the cabbage at
the core, this comes from too early de¬
velopment or maturity, and to avoid this
trouble the best plan would be to make
the plantings a little later in the season,
or to prolong the period of growth bv
continuing cultivation later in the season.

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and yoiril get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

BBAISTS,
BLACK VALENTINE

The best Green Pod for Market Gar¬
deners. A good shipper, the pods carry
well and do not wilt. Catalog Free.

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

84 Randolph Street, Chicago.

14 Barclay Street, New York.

Potatoes— Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Hustler, Queen,
^Reliance, Rose. 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y

New Bose of Extraordinary Beauty '

“FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI ”

Hardy Perpetual Flowering White Rose. Every¬

body should have it. We offer strong field-
grown plants. For description of this and
other novelties send for booklet mailed free.

ELL W ANGER & BARRY,
Nurserymen, Horticulturists,

Drawer I, Rochester, N. Y.

DEWBERRY

price. MICHAEL

PLANTS & BLACKBERRY
PLANTS FOR SALE. Send for
N. BORGO, Box 09, Vineland, N.J.

klllT TRFPQ Japan Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon
BUI I nCCO Chestnuts, Ridgely and American.

MANCHIJRICA WALNUTS.
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap.
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬
ing. Catalogue free. Address,

JOS. II. BLACK, SON & CO., High ts town. N.J.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO-$5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Ivans. Box 73.

PRATTS

i i

SGALECIDE

if

SOLUBLE

PETROLEUM

Guaranteed to kill the SAN JOSE SCALE with
out injury to the tree orfruit bud, in Fall, Winter and
Spring application. One gal. “Scalecide” to 20 gallons
water. No heating or boiling. Mixes instantly
in any proportion with cold water, and stays mixed,
Can be used with a great saving in cost, where
petroleum or kerosene emulsion is advised.

Prices— in bids. 50c. per gallon; 10 gallon cans, $0,00;
5 gal. cans, $11.25; 1 gal. cans. $1.00, f. o. b. N. V.

B. G. PRATT CO., II Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

SLEICH BARGAINS.

Now is the time to place your order for Sleighs. You can buy
cheaper and get a better finished Sleigh than if you wait until. Later.

No. 20, Price $20.00.

No. 30, Price $27.50.

The above styles are strictly first-class and fully guaranteed. Just the same
as you have to pay $40.00 and $45.00 for at retail. We will sell them to you at
these low wholesale prices for a short time ouly. You will make no mistake in
sending in your order now.

We also have a complete line of Harness. Write for catalogue to-day.

ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., Rochester, N. Y.

Ills Worth While

Ituy a machine that does the work
right — that cleans its strainer
automatically with a brush ,
mixes liquid mechanically so that
oliage is never burned, but gets
ts due proportion.

Empire King, and
Orchard Monarch

do these things. They ihrow finest
spray, are easiest to work and they
never clog. You ought to know
more about them. Write for in¬
struction book on spraying, form¬
ulas, etc. Mailed free. '

FIELD FORCE PI MP CO.,

No. 2 11th St. , Elmira, N. Y.

SPRAY OR SURRENDER

that is the ultimatum that in¬
sects and fungi have served
on every fruit-grower of
America. If you do
not heed the warning
you will not get profits
from your orchards.
Every man who sprays intel¬
ligently, at the proper time,
finds it the most profitable
operation on the farm.

Send for illustrated catalogue
of the ECLIPSE Spray Pumps
and outfits-.

Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor, Mich.

PLEASE

Genesee Valley grown. liMJ acres. Established
"1869. “ Not the cheapest but t he best. ' * Catalog free.

CEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,

1 Maple St., Dansvllle, New York.

Strawberry Plants

Virginia and Chcsaj>eake, winners of $100 GOLD PRIZE
olfers; also Cardinal, Commonwealth, North Shore, Oaks
Early. New York, Glen Mary. Stevens Champion, and 90
others; best list, good stock, fair prices. Dewberries: Lu-
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FulUine best new and standard old vari-
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SEEDS. New 60 Page Catalogue Freo. It tells about
good plants and seeds and where to get them. Send now to

W. F. ALLEN, Dept. 17, SALISBURY, MD.

gSOBSL

QUALITY '

AppSe Trees

Plant Harrison stock and plant
the best. York Imperial, Ben
Davis, Early Harvest, Baldwin,

all varieties forallseasons. Give
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trees with others

The Ray Peach

Choice new kind. Best for mar¬
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blush. Full, regular bearing, ei-

berta. Chairs, Crawford Late,
Frances andall other good vari¬
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climate. Send for free 1905 cata¬
log. You'll plant better trees.

HARRISON’S NURSERIES.
_ Box 29 Berlin, Md.

r

GREENS

Wedding Announcement

He loved the girl very much.
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She loved him just as well,

That was her business.

They decided to be married,
That was their business.

They will need Vines, Plants
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That's OUR business.

We have a surplus of Asparagus
plants. Poplar and Apple trees. Send
tor free catalog: also Fruit Magazine.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO.,

Rochester, N. Y.

I No. 4 Wall Street.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Trees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
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This stock is healthy and fine. Send us
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Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our
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THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

ifirow ms wees

Are as good as the best. 50 yearsfin
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

P. J. BERCKMAHS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856.

BERRY PLANTS eSSS'

— — — — — — - — — — — — - lViliopouli J |

srry, &c. I wish to correspond with prospect¬
ers. Catalog and valuable information freo.
sL. J. FARMER, Box "R”. Pulaski, N. Y.

blackberry, &c
ive buyers
Address '

WARD BLACKBERRIES

The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown

WELCH RASPBERRY

The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also
a full line of general nursery stock. Catalogue freo,
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N.J.

Iff FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
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PEACH TREES

Grand lot, grow non the bank of Lake Erie, two imies
from any peach orchards, free from borers and all
other diseases. Large stock of Four, Plum, Cherry,

Apple, etc. Immense supply of small fruits, headquarters for

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds,

40 acres hardy roses, none better grown, 44 Greenhouses of Palms, Ferns.
Boses, Geraniums, Canons, etc. Mail size postpaid. Direct deal will insure you
the best and save you money. Try it. Valuable catalogue free. Fifty-two years.
1200 Acres.

THE STORRS ft HARRISON 00., Box 16, Palnuvlllt, 0.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

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SALIMENE

THR BEST REMEDY FOR

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application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey,

TREES

ttC nco inn EREIRUT DAII1 Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina
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Sure remedy for SAN .JOSH SCALR.
Ready for use by simply mixing with
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KILL-O-SCALE

1905.

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

9i3

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Strawbekkiks from Florida are on hand,
wholesaling at 50 to 75 cents per quart.
Those noted have boon small but well colored.

Potatoes. Arrivals from Europe are so
large that the market is depressed and lower,
$2.50 being the top for best Iamg Island, and
State and Jersey going as low as $1.50.

Dried Apples. — As might be expected from
the figures at which fresh fruit sold during
the Fail, apples, both evaporated and sun-
dried are high, with an advance of one-
eighth to one-half cent during the past week.
Our records for 11 years show only one,
December. 1!)01. when prices were anywhere
near the present range.

Hothouse Goods are selling at figures that
must leave but Hit tie profit to the growers.
A good many mushrooms have sold below
25 cents per pound, and tomatoes as low as
10 cents. As has been said before some
growers have killed (he market for these
specialties by scattering consignments among
a large number of commission men who had
had no experience >u this trade. They got
rid of the stuff at almost any price buyers
offered. The same brand of mushrooms would
be sold at two or three different prices on
the same day, and the careful dealer who
has worked up the trade must* cut prices or
lose his customers. The hothouse mushroom
and tomato business would be handled with
more profit and greater satisfaction all around
if it were kept as a practical monopoly.
'Then buyers would know just whom they had
to deal with, and there would be less half
spoiled stuff hawked about. Most of the con¬
sumers of these products are able and willing
to pay enough for them to furnish a good
profit for growers and handlers.

Eog Notes. — The market has weakened
during the past week. Ilest qualities are
still scarce, but there is a surplus of under
grades, and the storage people are working
out their holdings at every opportunity. What
the ideas and intentions of the hens are is
an important matter to egg men just at
present. The weather in some of the best
producing sections is so favorable that an
increase in the crop of new-laid eggs may be
expected soon. Collections in the central and
southwestern sections are already reported
heavier, and dealers know that even a moder¬
ate increase in the receipts of fresh eggs will
knock down the prices of under grades and
storage stock, some of which was put away
at too high a figure. A good many pullets
that have had fair care will start in soon.
A neighbor of the writer has one Plymouth
Hock pullet, hatched in May, that lias already
laid 10 eggs. Until December 10 she roosted
with 50 other May and June chickens in
small tiees in a very exposed location.
During the past month there have been two
severe rains lasting all night, several heavy
winds, and two-thirds of the time the ground
has frozen hard at night, with two nights
when (lie mercury dropped to 10 above zero.
All the long single combs have been frosted,
and certainly not much in the way of early
laying could lie expected from pullets thus
housed. These chickens are a mixture of
White Leghorn and Plymouth Rock, and the
freaks resulting from this strange and violent
cross are many. There are Dominiques with
true Leghorn shape, long combs and wattles
and wild as hawks, and big white ones with
part Plymouth Rock shape and a splotch of
dark feathers here and there. The flock was
started four years ago with a fine White
Leghorn male and a lot of mixed hens. The
next year a well bred Plymouth Rock rooster
was brought in, and the best formed roosters
of both breeds have been saved since. The
Plymouth Rocks appear to have suffered
least in this mix-up, as there are half a
dozen well-formed and colored pullets that
would pass as well bred. A striking peeu-
larit.v is the development of several very
small, leggy and wingy Leghorns that fly
like birds and are evidently several steps
back on their journey toward their wild
ancestors.

Capital Stock, — Tlfis term, which is sup¬
posed to refer to the solid foundation of a
business, is often found to represent the hol¬
low shell of an effort to make dimes, or even
pennies, look like doriars. This note was
suggested by a conversation I overheard be¬
tween two men who came out of an office
bearing the sign of a “development" com¬
pany, that is a concern that will take hold
of any invention, enterprise or scheme that
can lie made to appear plausible, and boom
it to the extent of selling the stock. The
special job that these men were talking
about was the development of a copper mine
(on paper) and it was quite”safe to judge
that the only copper that would enter into
the deal would be the “coppers" of the people
who invested in if. There are alleged com¬
panies formed with no incorporation or finan¬
cial foundation, but (he sale of such stock
is a fraudulent act and most promoters pre¬
fer to protect themselves to the extent of
incorporation, with just enough money put
into it to make the deal legal. Occasional
cases may be found where a square and
honest business is worked up to a successful
basis by this risky method, lint such in¬
stances are so rare that a strictly enforced
law shutting down on all of this fake in¬
corporation business would be a good thing
Capital stock in which three cents is made

to look like a dollar is a dangerous article
of commerce, no matter how much ambition
or ability those in charge of the company
may have. No matter how guarded or
twisted and turned such a scheme may be
to give it a fair and square appearance it
is essentially deception and nothing else. Its
promoters say, practically, that the business
represents an actual investment of $100,000,
when in reality only a small fraction of
this cash has ever been put up. Vet the
matter may be so shrewdly handled that the
letter of the law is lived up to while its
intent is violated. The most effectual way
of putting these bluffers out of business is
for every person who lias money to invest, no
matter how few dollars it may be, to “be a
law unto himself" to the extent of having
absolutely nothing to do with such people.
Thin scares them more than a visit from the
sheriff. Rut a menace to the country more
serious than financial loss is the schooling in
crooked morals which the clerks in such
concerns receive. They bring up a generation
of smart young men who. wherever they may
go afterward, will have one eye on their
employer's cash box and t lie other on the
Canada line. At another time something will
be said about definite methods of investi¬
gating proposed Investments. ii.

Alsike Clover. — Regarding your talk on
Alsike in a recent number, for several sea¬
sons I have sown a mixture of Alsike and
Red clover with Timothy, and find the Alsike
always in evidence, whether the Red clover
is or not. Red clover does the greater part
of its growing through the agency of its long
tap root, 'l'lie freezing and thawing of
most Springs acts upon this' root as it does
upon fence posts, drawing it out of the
ground in a way which endangers if it does
not kill the plant. Alsike lias a root sys¬
tem which enables it to sit down quietly in
Its place undisturbed by changes of tempera¬
ture. The heaving of Red clover is not so
pronounced upon high or well-drained land,
but where the drainage is not perfect Alsike
is by far tin' safer seed to sow in this sec¬
tion, though I always sow Red clover with
it. S. A. LITTLE.

Seneca Co.. X. Y

(ORNISH

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FIRST

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(ORNISH (0.

Washington, New Jersey

E.I.bll.hed SO Year.

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WONDERFUL-

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R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 181*0.

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TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE

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ELLWOOD

FENCE

We guarantee Ellwood Fence be¬
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We mine the ore from our own
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American Steel & Wire Co.

CHICAGO

NEW YORK

DENVER

SAN FRANCISCO

9i4

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER-

December 23,

uralisms

Persimmons, Native and Japan. — Fig.
418, page 910, well represents the differ¬
ence between fruits of our wild persim¬
mons and of the long-cultivated Japan
species. There are plenty of larger and
better natives, the illustration having been
made from fruits taken from an ordi¬
nary roadside tree, while the Japan spec¬
imen is a seedling of the larger Hyakume,
two varieties having been distributed un¬
der this name, raised by J. L. Breese,
Fayetteville. N. C. Hyakume is an early
ripening and very popular type, bearing
large round or flattened fruits ; flesh dark,
sweet and solid, without astringency. The
seedling, shown in natural size, is large
and elongated in form, brilliant scarlet in
color, with solid, dark flesh; sweet, richly
flavored and entirely free from astrin¬
gency when received November 2. The
fruits contained only one or two slender
seeds each. This seedling was more at¬
tractive in appearance and of better qual¬
ity than any we could find in the city fruit
stores at the time. Mr. Breese has other
seedlings, among which is one ripening
later than any of the imported varieties,
with the advantage of being borne on a
particularly vigorous and healthy tree. The
Japan persimmon is now firmly established
as a desirable home and market fruit
where sufficiently hardy, and it is inter¬
esting to note the coming of seedlings ap¬
parently belter adapted for our purposes
than the parent kinds. In its oriental home
the Japan persimmon is the favorite fruit,
being valued more highly than the apple,
pear, peach or plum, and the original
species, Diospyros Kaki, which does not
appear to bear highly edible fruit in its
wild state, has been so worked on for un¬
told centuries that it has been brought to
great perfection, but is evidently destined
to further advances under the diversified
conditions of soil, climate and culture in
the New World. Many trials since the
first importation of seeds in 1863 have
conclusively shown that Japan persimmons
are not reliably hardy north of the Caro-
linas, but are entirely at home in the Gulf
and South Atlantic coast regions, and in
the milder portions of California. Trees
can be grown to fruiting age in southern
New Jersey and at intermediate points to
Washington, D. C., but are always sooner
or later killed by severe frosts, and usually
suffer injury from the mildest Winters.
The range of adaptability is likely to be
extended far northward by hybridizing
with our native persimmon or date plum,
D. Virginiana, wild fruits of which are
shown in the illustration, and which is
known to grow naturally north to Con¬
necticut and Massachusetts, as well as
nearly to the lake region in the Middle
West. The first of these hybrids to meet
our notice is Kawakami, produced in the
nurseries of T. V. Munson & Son, Deni¬
son, Texas. The tree is said to be hardy
as far north as IHinois, and the fruits of
best quality, two to two and one-half
inches in diameter.

Interest in the Native Persimmon. —
There is considerable interest in our na¬
tive species as it bears, on the whole, the
best flavored fruits, but progress in devel¬
oping better varieties is slow. Thus far
about all that has been done is to prop¬
agate from selected wildlings with a
marked effort to secure seedless fruits.
This has not seemed to the writer to be
the most important end to be obtained. A
reduction in the usual number of large
seeds is desirable, even necessary, but the
feature most urgently needed, other qual¬
ities being equal, is increased firmness of
^ flesh, when ripe, so that the fruits may be
shipped like other horticultural merchan¬
dise. The fruits at the edible stage are
now as soft as uncured dates, and the
elimination of seeds, in the specimens we
have examined, rather increases the gen¬
eral flabbiness. Seedless fruits of any
kind are often low in quality — the Japan
persimmons having the fewest seeds are

not all of the best flavor, and we think the
rule extends to our native kind. Under
cultivation the best of our natives bear
fruits quite two inches in diameter. We
have naturally varieties of the sweetest
and best quality, ripening without frost as
early as August to the latest kinds, not
agreeable until far into the new year, and
after they have been repeatedly frozen.
Poor shipping quality and dull coloring
are really greater defects of our natives
than the present small size and seediness.
The latter faults show ready tendency to
diminish under selection and cultivation,
but it is possible that color and consist¬
ency can only be satisfactorily developed
by crossing with the Japans, which are
naturally firm before maturity, and ripen
after picking like pears. They are also
of several attractive shades of yellow,
scarlet and russet when in marketable con¬
dition. Our natives are often very pret¬
tily flushed with red and yellow while
hard and astringent, but usually turn
brown with purple bloom before soften¬
ing. The native is markedly dioecious in
flowering. Many trees never fruit when
standing alone, but bear freely if pollen-
ized from another tree. Others produce
such an excess of male blooms that they
always remain sterile. Japan seedlings,
we are told, never fail to bear, and us¬
ually produce good fruits. Varieties are
propagated by grafting on native stocks.
Grafting the persimmons is considered
rather uncertain, but a good workman
should secure a fair percentage of suc¬
cess. Young nursery grown stocks with
the scions inserted in the collar by the
cleft method in early Spring appears most
suitable.

The Market for Persimmons. — The
taste for persimmons must to a certain
extent be acquired, but rapidly grows with
indulgence. Fancy Japans are in limited
but steady demand in. the high-class fruit
trade in the North, which is quite sure
to increase as supplies become more cer¬
tain. They are always popular locally
where grown. Natives are rarely seen in
markets north of Washington, but are
freely offered in the South. While de¬
licious in flavor, they usually make such
a mussy appearance as to be anything but
inviting. The natural supply is so large
in localities where the species thrives that
no profit can be expected from their cul¬
ture until marked improvement in shipping
quality is gained. We hope much from
the coming hybrids.

Little-known Persimmons. — There are
said to be 150 species of the genus Dios¬
pyros, natives of various tropical and tem¬
perate countries, many bearing edible
fruits from the size of a cherry to that of
a quince. The Texas persimmon, D.
Texana, is round and dark, borne on a
low tree that ranges far south into Mex¬
ico, while in the Isle of France a species,
D. Mabola, bearing richly flavored fruits
as large as an apple, is cultivated. Quite
similar species are found in the Philippine
Islands. There are many kinds native to
India. The ebony wood of commerce
comes from one of the East Indian per¬
simmons, D. Ebenus. The wood of our
common species is dark and handsome
when polished, but is seldom used, as it
is quite brittle. _ w. v. f.

“What's your favorite dish, Tommy?”
“Fried onions.” “What a queer choice !”
“Well, you see they allers makes me so
sick 'at I can’t go ter school th’ next day.”

• — Cleveland Leader.

©ur Good Carriage Heater, makes a vehicle as com-
fortable as your fireside, in the coldest weather;
every drive a pleasure. Ready for use in a few min¬
utes, absolutely safe, costs JsCct. per hour to operate,
handsome appearance, polished brass ends, Brus¬
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order. We supply the best heating fuel for carri¬
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gives steady uniform heat, extinguished at will,
compact brick form, % brick enough fora drive.
Price of fuel per case (i doz. bricks) 65 cts.

ALFRED BATHO, 700 East Ave„ Rochester, N. 7

THE- COMFORTER

A congested vein pressing on a nerve accounts for the swelling, throbbing ache of

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Price, 25c. and JOc.

Portland Cutter Only $1612

L-80, $20.50

L*100, $21.60

L-160, $26.00

L-50, $29.50 L-30, $16.70

Look at these prices on strictly high-grade, stylish cutters,
made for durability as well as appearance from guaranteed
material throughout and sold, direct from factory to you,
on approval. We are willing to stake our whole business
reputation on these cutters. There are none better and we do
not believe the prices can he equaled anywhere. More cutters
are made in Kalamazoo than in any other place in the United
States, and when you deal with us you deal at headquarters.

We sell on one small profit only, added to the actual shop

cost. All the cutters, except the Speeder, No. L-i!30, have — .

channel shoes, and all, including the Speeder, are fitted out L-230, $46.50
with K-xxl shafts and quick shifting har which is held in position by thumb screw can
be changed from one position to another in a minute's time and gives you choice of huving horse go straight ahead or at
one side. L-80, Portland Cutter, is a favorite. Good design, extremely substantial, heavily ironed, well braced wing dash
and extra high roll back BODY— New style, :14 in. wide, 3(1 in. long, scat IS in. deep, highly finished spring cushion and
back, removable. REGULAR TRIMMINGS — Green cloth or whipcord, carpet, whipsockct, nickel arm and dash rail,
PAINTING— Body Mack, striped with green or carmine, gear also striped. Price complete, $20.60.

L-1 00 the Great Eastern Portland Cutter, very neat, highly finished, nicely trimmed, extra roomy, easy riding spring
cushion, extra high spring back and wing dash. Body about same dimensions as L-80. REGULAR TRIMMINGS— Heavy
green cloth or whipcord, removable back and cushion. PAINTING— Rich black, striped; green or carmine gear with fine
line striping. This cutter, complete, handsome carpet, nickel dash rail and arm rail and whipsocket, only 92 1 .60.

Portland Cutter L-50, Channel Shoes, beautiful new design and one of our very host cutters. Has wing dash spring
back and cushions, removable trimmings, carpet, upholstered in fine quality broadcloth. Has a fine wire screen on dash.
Price only 929.60. L-230, a very fine light cutter for speeding or pleasure, made from absolutely the best selected
material that could he obtained. Every knee and beam well ironed and braced, making it thoroughly substantial Shafts
best selected hickory, long leathers. Seat 35 in. wide, hack 14 in. deep, length of knee '24 inches. Upholstered in all-
wool green broadcloth or whipcord. Trimmings and painting strictly high-class. Prlca complete, 946.60. L-160
our Old Comfort Cutter, very roomy spring cushion scat and high hack, body painted black and tastefully decorated’
removable trimmings extra quality heavy broadcloth or Imported whipcord, a bargain at 926.00. L-30, stylishly
built Cutter, made of guaranteed materials, trimmed with green cloth or whipcord, spring back and cushion removable
Body painted black, with gear and shafts green or carmino. Price complete with carpet, etc., 9 1 6.70.

Extras for any cutter. Pole instead of shafts, add 9 1 .50; pole and shafts, add 93.00; gonuino car plush, redorgteen
add $3.75. Top on any cutter, add $12.50. The descriptions wo print here cannot fully tell you how good these cutters are'
but wo guarantee them strictly first class. Select the cutter you want, send 93.00 to show good faith and we
will ship the cutter to you at once on approval. If it is all we claim for it, keep it and pay tlio balance due. If not ship
it back and we will pay the freight both ways and refund your $3 by return mail. Our new general catalog CH7 is full of
bargains in everything needed on the farm and in the home, sent free on request. Address,

CASH SUPPLY & MFGi CO., 558 Lawrence Syunre, KALAMAZOO, MICH

Let Us Pay the Freight on this Disc Harrow
to You for a Month’s Free Test

Give your Horses a treat by hitching them to
a Disc Harrow that won't worry the life out of
them with a pounding tongue.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is new
on tile market, yet it's having a wonderful sale;
we ure getting orders for it from all over the
country.

People write us— “Why didn’t somebody think
of this before?’’

We wunt to do til is.

We want to send one to you direct from our
factory, prepaying ull freight charges, letting you
huve the harrow to use on your farm u full month.

There's no charge for the use of the Harrow,
nor do we ask you to pay a penny down.

All you have to do is to send for the Harrow.

If at any time during the month it is not ex¬
actly as wo claim it to bo, and if it does not do the
work wo claim it will do, ship it buck to us at our
expense and we will pay all freight both ways.

If it is as we represent it, and does the work
we cluim it will, then pay us for it on time to suit
your convenience.

The Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow is worth
its weight in horseflesh every Beusou.

Your horses will do 25% more work, and do it
easier and better, thun with any other Disc
Hurrow.

This is because of its correct principle.

There is no tongue for the horses to light, or
hold up on a galled neck.

No side draft or crowding of team on short
turns; just even, steady pull.

The Front Truck supports the front end of the
machine, perfectly balancing weight of driver.

American Harrow Co,, 1621

Construction amply strong for houvy work; Steel
Frame strongly braced.

Steel Discs of the very best quality.

Ball Bearings to take the End Thrust.

Double Lovers, easy to hundle.

Steel Scrapers, set by hand or toot, and held
exactly where needed.

The Detroit Tongueless Diso Harrow is manu¬
factured under exclusive patents and sold only
by us. And our entire output is sold direet to
farmers on the 30-day Approval Test Plan, and on
time if you wish it.

You had better write us at once for booklet
and full description and price list of the Barrow,
telling us when you want to uaesmo.

Hastings St., Detroit, Mich.

MAPLE SUGAR MAKERS!

The Grimm Sap Spout will produce one-fourth more
sap; the Grimm Cover protects it. They more than pay
their cost iu one season This is Guaranteed or no
sale. Order now from dealers or direct. Sample
spout and print “C” free. Terms, May 1, 1906.

G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt,, and Montreal, P. Q.

WINCHESTER

Leader” and “Repeater

99

SMOKELESS POWDER SHELLS

Carefully inspected shells, the best com¬
binations of powder, shot and wadding,
loaded by machines which give invariable
results are responsible for the superiority
of Winchester “Leader” and “Repeater”
Factory Loaded Smokeless Powder Shells.
There is no guesswork in loading them.
Reliability, velocity, pattern and penetra¬
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and practical experiments. Do you shoot
them ? If not, why not ? They are

THE SHELLS THE CHAMPIONS SHOOT

1906.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

9t5

Hope Farm Notes

Home and Farm. — We expected to get Into
the new house by the middle of November
but we are not there yet — and nothing defi¬
nite in sight. These plumbers take the record
for slow, dawdling work. You may call them
any name you like, and abuse them to the
limit in black and white, and they seem
to be pleased at it. I am told that the
plumbers have the most complete labor union
of any class of workmen. They dou t make
a very complete union of labor with agree¬
ment. . . . The first fall of snow came

the night of December 9. There was just
enough of it to be disagreeable without any
of the good features. One of the little girls
wanted to make a breakfast of snow and
milk. Bob and Nellie had no use for the
snow when they started to haul the church
goers over the hills. The sticky stuff rolled
up on the wheels like a big snowball. Even
the turkeys hunted, shelter. Seymour had
been spraying the day before, but the resin
and oil sticks to the trees so that rain will
not wash it away. I am asked by dozens of
people what there is to say about these
soluble oils. All l am prepared to say is
that they mix well with water, spray out
evenly under high pressure, and cover the
trees well. I know that many scales have
been killed but whether they kill enough
to save the trees is a question still. I shall
spray everything this Fall. Then next Spring
I expect to cut fair samples of wood and
send to the experiment station. If they re¬
port only a few living scales I shall spray
again witli the oils. If a fair proportion
are still alive I shall use lime and sulphur,
at least upon the worst trees. Some of the
entomologists tell me they fear the effect of
the oils upon the trees, while some good
growers say that the lime and sulphur will
hurt the trees after some years. So there
you are! I think it a fair statement that
up to date lime and sulphur has a majority,
but no one claims it is perfect! . . . One

of my blunders in years past was to build a
hoghouse on the wrong spot. It was too
far from water, and the hogs often suffered.
Mother objected to it because it occupied the
most prominent point on the lower farm.

I learned by experience that in our farming
hogs do better in small houses well scattered
through the orchards. So the house has
stood there, a rather melancholy monument
to a bad plan. Now we expect to utilize it.
Jack will make it over for chicken houses.
He has sawed lengthwise through each side
of the roof and will o?t a double length of
a low sloping house. It will be cut into
sections and moved down near the barn, so
that the runs will be made under the trees.
We Intend to utilize our orchards as thev
grow for benyards. I am willing to keep all
the hens that the boys will care for, but 1
don’t want one more than that number.

Animal Notes. — There was less argument
than 1 expected when it was suggested that
some of old Major’s carcass be used for lien
food. Why not? The old fellow was prac¬
tical and useful in his day ; why not have
him continue when the night comes? Ills
hide will make a robe, his bones will put a
winning streak on the Baldwins, and why not
hang up a chunk of his meat for the hens
to peck at? They jump up and present their
bills to it just as if they knew some one
owed them a portion of meat. . . . Our

liens are slow to start. Some of them are
"getting ready,” but that is a slow process
at best. We are getting to think more and
more of the White Wyandottes, and Brown
Leghorns. The Wyandottes are gentle, good-
natured bens. We have a couple of young
roosters from Mr. Cosgrove's flock which we
will use for breeding. This will introduce
some good laying blood. I wish these bllds
could also bring some of the skill and care
which they represent. . . . Every time 1

speak of using sawdust for bedding or under
chicken perches I hear from people who
say they are afraid of it. Some have hurt
their soil by using fresh sawdust. My
opinion regarding this is anything but fresh.
The sawdust as it comes from the mill con¬
tains an acid, which on some soils would
prove harmful. It would prevent a full crop.
The ammonia formed in manure is alkaline,
so that when the sawdust is well mixed
through it the acid is corrected. Sawdust
under the perches dries the manure and is,

1 think, thoroughly sweetened. The disad¬
vantage Is that the hens eat more or less
of it and may become crop bound. It would
not do to use sawdust as a litter for this
reason. Planer shavings would be better.

An Ohio man wants to know about

this :

"Can any of your readers give a remedy
to break a valuable sow from catching
chickens? Of course I understand that the
butcher can do it.” a. j. h.

I would sooner try to cure a colored man
of the chicken habit, and our southern
readers will know what a statement that is
In our experience, when a hog once gets a
taste of chicken you must either keep the
chickens away or kill the hog. For some
reason our hogs and cats seem to prefer the
small Brown Leghorn chicks.

All Sorts of People. — Having lived for
some years, and having seen life from many
points of view, I am willing to agree that
this world is a mixed-up affair. I have been
thinking of this since receiving a letter from
an old friend in Pennsylvania, who says,
among other things:

“I have two classes for the study of the
International Sunday School Lessons on the
Sabbath day; one of those classes is com¬
posed of young fellows with their blood all
in a ferment to taste the world’s enjoyments :
the other, about three miles distant, com¬

posed of elderly business men, thus necessi¬
tating almost an entirely different prepara¬
tion."

Now the thing that comes to my mind is
this: Many of us cannot remember when we
were boys, or else cannot realize that we
have grown up. The Sunday school lesson is
supposed to lie founded upon some funda¬
mental truth ; yet stop and think how dif¬
ferently that may appeal to the young man.

1 once* rode over the line into Canada. A
stone post marked the dividing lines between
the two countries, but I could not help
thinking that a Canadian saw things in that
post that were not visible to a Yankee. Many
a man and womau have failed with children
because they could not see that they were
dealing with the inexperienced wishes of a
child and not with dwarfs in size but adults
lu experience and comprehension. Bight here
on this farm there are a dozen different
temperaments; each oue no doubt claiming
to know what is best. The blind or the deaf
or those afflicted in some way are most likely
to carry the visions of childhood along with
them : yet most people get them badly dis¬
torted as they go along. At some part of its
life the child has true ideals and well-nigh
perfect ambitions. He gets rid of them by
associating with others and observing the
actions of parents and relatives. I have
known some complacent men to wave off
the responsibility for bad habits in their
children with — “Oh— .that means- my wife’s
family !’’ All the time those black marks on
the child’s character were made by his own
lingers direct from handling mean habits
and neglecting self-control. The world seenis
pretty full of misapplied education. From
the primary school through the farmer's
institute to' the lecture room wisdom seems
to be lingering in great chunks because
teachers do not recognize the difference that
our Pennsylvania friend sees in his Sunday
school classes.

They Won’t Lay. — Out of a dozen or more
letters I take the following:

“I have housed in one house 10 x 25 feet
65 hens and pullets. Some of the pullets
which were hatched in May have begun lay¬
ing; in fact the first one laid her first egg
Nov. 27. I am feeding mornings a mash of
corn and cob meal, chopped oats, wheat
middlings and wheat bran, equal parts. They
are allowed live minutes to clean up the
amount given them. Noons alxmt two to three
quarts of oats are scattered in the litter,
at night about four quarts of corn is scattered
in t lie same way in the litter. They have
scratching beds; oyster shells are kept by
them. I am only receiving about five eggs
per day. Will some one write what they
think is the cause of the small amount of
eggs? n. ,T.

This man thinks his hens should do better,
but they are beating ours out: of sight, and I
am therefore not qualified to tell what to
do. They are crowded more than most
authorities advise. Have you a plan of ven¬
tilation which makes sure of pure air? I
would keep grit in some form and powdered
charcoal before them and of course supply
them with fresh water. Green food in some
form would help. I would use one-sixth
by weight of animal meal or beef scraps in
tiiat mash, and let them eat 10 minutes.
Still, some people are doing all these things
and not getting an egg! All I can say is
keep them clean and stay by them.

II. w. c.

The above glove post-paid upon re¬
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and fur hack. Made in Gloversville,
the Glove Center of the world and sold
direct to the consumer only. Satis¬
faction guaranteed or money refunded
Write to-day for our complete Glove
Catalogue showing over 100 distinct
styles, free upon request.

CONSUMERS GLOVE CO.,

Department 5, Gloversville, N. Y,

HUBBARD’S WINDOW SASH LOCK

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$3.00 dozen; 35 cents each.
Canvassers wanted. Liberal offer,
For terms, circulars, etc., apply to

D. S. HUBBARD SON & CO.,
259 Third Ave., Bay Shore, N, Y.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn tho
Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Uonkey , Prln.

Don’t Fool

with your face. Y ou can¬
not afford to take chances.
Always insist on

WILLI AMIS’ !Hov»"p

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample
for 2-cent stamp. Write for "The
Shavers Guide and How to Dress
Correctly.”

The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn.

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

iany

sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3,000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed. does
not draw temper or
beat tools. Every
home needs it. Write
for price and circu¬
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agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC. CO., 228 E. Walnut St., Lancastsr, Pa.

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Bosehert Press Co., 118 West Water St. .Syracuse, N.Y.

THE RADIANT

Acetylene Generator

Rush’s Patent DISSOLVING PROCESS.

Coolest, Safest, Simplest Process
Known for Light and Heat.

Working parts in plain view. Is Absolutely
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RUSH ACETYLEHE GENERATOR CO.,

38 Beeman St., Canandaigua, N. Y.

Mc C LURE’S
MAGAZINE

AUGUST 1905.

Take McClure’s Magazine

All Winter

FREE

Test

Do You Want
Your Boy to be
a Lincoln?

You know it by heart— the story of Lincoln’s
greatness — the country boy, self educated.

But, Lincoln did not educate himself on
cheap, trashy novels and the sensational story
papers with which the coCmtry is flooded.

The country lads and lasses who emerge into the world to be
come famous are they who have been silently reaching out— for the
things of the great, real world.

McClure’s Magazine is read in the very best homes by nearly
2,000,000 readers.

Why not have it read in your home, for the entertainment
and uplifting of every member of your family?

Famous authors, poets and statesmen write for McClure’s.
President Roosevelt, ex-President Cleveland, Gladstone, Mark
Twain, Rudyard Kipling, General Miles, Walt Whitman, Bret
Harte, Huxley and Robert Louis Stevenson, are only a few who
have written for McClure’s. This next year there will be stories
and articles by Jack London, William Allen White,' Myra Kelly,
Booth Tarkington and others. McClure’s is the greatest feast
of good things literary ever offered. Now are
you going to eujoy it?

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At the end of that time, if you like it — if you have decided that
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feel that you just can’t afford to be without it, send me one dollar,
only, for a full year’s subscription.

If you do not like McClure’s — do not want to have it continued,
just say so — drop me a line saying not to send it and telling why you
do not like it. Thpre will be nothing to pay and the three copies
you will have received on trial— they will be absolutely free.

If I did not feel pretty sure you would like McClure’s, could
I afford to make an offer like this?

And, if you should find that you do like it, wouldn’t
you regret every day you had delayed asking to be
put on the list?

Better ask Today.

Up-to-Date Farming says: “We admire Mc¬
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It can’t all be told here — fill in the
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S. S. McCLURE, Editor,

MCCLURE’S MAGAZINE. New York City

EDITOR McCLURF.’S MAGAZINE. COUPON
Now York City.

I accept your offer to test your magazine.
Enter my subscription for one full year.

After receiving three months’ sample copies.
I will do one of two things— either send you S1.00
for the full year’s subscription, or write you to
stop the magazine, when you are to cancel this
subscription and the sample copies are to be
free to me as a test.

Name

1*. O. Address

1 State

i

!

1

9i6

TIIH RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 23,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS EARNER'S rAl ER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established

nsRBERT W. Colling wood, Kditor.

Du Walter Van Fleet,
Mas. K. T. Hoyle,

Associates.

John J. Dillon, liusiuess Mananer.

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. 0d., or 8*4 marks, or 10 Mi francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is
hacked by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trilling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we he responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may he made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY .DECEMBER 23, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now tr.ke it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
YVe depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

The meeting of the N^w York Dairymen at Bing¬
hamton may justly be regarded as' the best meeting held
in many years. It was a wise move to hold the con¬
vention in a locality where large quantities of commer¬
cial milk are produced. We should say that a larger
proportion than usual of the audience was composed of
people who actually milk cows. There was a fine dis¬
play of dairy implements and greater interest in them
than we have observed before. A good programme
was presented, a large share of it devoted to the pro¬
duction and sale of improved milk. Best of all, there
was a hopeful feeling and a general belief that the cow
is to have a good chance.

*

A reaper wants to know if he can use a cyclometer
on farm machinery so as to measure a day's work.
Most people are familiar with this little instrument,
which records the revolutions of the wheel. Can one
be used on a mower or a binder, and would the record
he fair as measurement for a day’s work? The manu¬
facturers of machinery have never heard of such use,
and we have not been able to find a dealer who has sold
a cyclometer for this purpose. Prof. Zintheo of the
Agricultural Department says he used an odometer
for measuring distances. It would hardly be fair to
measure a day’s work by the number of turns made by
a wheel, still the record might show how long the hired
man “rested.”

*

The story of an express prekage on page 855 has
stirred up a great correspondence. Every mail brings
letters from readers who have met with annoyance and
loss. Here is a sample from Pennsylvania:

The Adams Express Company have my bushel of corn
meal and hominy. An interesting investigation !s on be¬
tween this express company and the United Slates Express
Co., to whom the Adams people say they transferred my
meal shipped from Washington. D. C.. November 10, 1905.
The United States Express Co. deny receiving the same.
In the meantime both companies insist upon an investiga¬
tion, while I look on hungrily. This may rival your noted
“Plant” experience. j. w. l.

This cornmeal is likely to become a meal for vermin
before either express company will acknowledge the
corn. Our only advice is to keep at them ard make
life a burden until they do something. Tn connection
with that lose no chance to talk and write for a parcels
pc st.

*

The wild exploitation of Burbank and the general
possibilities of plant breeding in recent periodicals has
stirred up many correspondents to write commending
The R. N.-Y. for its stand on the matter. While rec¬
ognizing Mr. Burbank as a most industrious and success¬
ful plant breeder, they know he is not the only one in
the universe, and deplore the strained and sensational
accounts of his work that he allows to go forth. Some
fear that the whole important subject of plant breeding
will be discredited when the public realizes the wide
differences between the actual facts and the windy state¬
ments everywhere published. They sav this fulsome
laudation of one prominent worker is really an injury
to the hundreds of devoted and successful breeders who
receive scant recognition. It appears also that there is
prospect of an aval mche of “fake” novelties being

launched by unscrupulous promoters while the boom in
plant-breeding yarns lasts. It is time this towering
bubble of horticultural exaggeration is pricked. The
fireeding of plants is a most benign and important pur¬
suit, and has been harmed rather than helped by these
misleading wTrite-ups. Let us have more good novelties
and less talk from California.

*

The prize pictures printed this week give various ex¬
pressions of the home feeling. The first is founded on
Trowbridge’s poem of “Farmer John.”

Home from li is journey. Farmer John
Arrived this morning safe and sound,

Ills black coat off and liis old clothes on,

“Now I'm myself,” says Farmer John,

And he starts to look around.

We have seen few more natural pictures of an old
farmer and his faithful four-footed companion than this.
The scene of the second picture is laid in the Far West.
The man has gone to one of the great wheat ranches
to work through harvest. With wife and baby he makes
“home” in a sheep herder's wagon, the wheels of which
have been removed. Many a rich man living in a
palace with all the comforts that money can buy has
no such home as this humble shelter provides. The
snow scene in the third picture will bring back mem¬
ories to many of our older readers. Those in the South
who never knew the sting of a northern Winter will
wonder why people refuse to leave the land of snow¬
drifts and ice. They do not understand. A neighbor
has just returned from a trip to Porto Rico, and the
first comment was : “Northern farmers should thank
God that they have several months of cold, bracing
weather.” When the home feeling takes possession of
a man or woman it makes little difference where the
home is located. All that a farmer has is his home. It
means more to him than to any other class of workman.

*

The Postmaster General’s report is a great disappoint¬
ment to friends of a parcels post. Last year a sugges¬
tion was made to give some improvement on rural routes
but even that seems to be killed this year.

To establish a domestic parcel post in this country where
distances are so great and a uniform rate of postage is so
firmly established as a sound principle of postal adminis¬
tration, would probably involve either a high rate of posiage
or a temporary deficit in the effort to compete with the
several express companies thoroughly organized for hand¬
ling parcels under the zone system, charging in proportion
to distance carried. The parcels post would get all long¬
distance parcels, which would be carried at a loss and the
express companies all short-distance parcels, because zone
rates would be less than postage rates. An effective do¬
mestic parcel post should be organized on t lie same lines,
substantially as the express companies.

If this sort of reasoning had prevailed in the past we
never should have had a uniform postal rate for letters.
It was not until 1863 that such a rate was provided.
Before that postage was three cents for carrying a letter
under 3,000 miles and 10 cents for a longer distance.
When the postal system was started the rates were
based on distance. There is a precedent therefore for
starting a parcels post with a rate varying with the
distance if this is necessary to avoid great expense. We
believe the Postmaster General is greatly mistaken in
thinking that the express companies would carry “all
short-distance parcels.” He cannot realize the hitter
feeling against these companies for their extortion and
carelessness. He makes one suggestion, however, that
may he regarded as a little step ahead. That is to put
what is called third and fourth class matter together.
Third-class matter is transient newspapers and other
printed matter which is carried at one cent for two
ounces; fourth-class matter covers merchandise. The
limit for one package is four pounds — the cost being one
cent an ounce. Throwing these two classes together
would cut the rate on merchandise in two and enable
us to send a four pound package for 32 cents. Even
this little concession will be fought by the express com¬
panies, and it would hardly he worth considering if it
were not accepted as the beginning of a genuine parcels
post. Let us spend no time in grieving over the situa¬
tion. hut get at work harder than ever. It ought to he
entirely evident to any man with half a mind that we
shall have no parcels post until we make Congress give
us one. First of all we must get our own friends and
neighbors interested, and thus increase the pressure upon
Congressmen. Count it a day lost when you do not
mention parcels post at least five times by letter or
conversation.

*

Over a year ago, when we started a campaign for
better fence wire, we could obtain little help from the
agricultural papers. They were quite willing to demand
better wire, hut they fought shy of the only reasonable
method of obtaining it. We insisted from the first that
the only practical plan was for the Government or the
experiment stations to learn first why modern fence
wire fails. Having learned this a standard should he
adopted, and a fair test worked out. Then farmers
could buy wire under a guarantee as they buv fertilizer
or feed. We are glad to see that the work of the past
year is bearing fruit. Here comes the Ohio Farmer.

The test it refers to is the one we have given a dozen
times, of dipping the wire in a solution of copper
sulphate.

Of course it is impracticable for farmers to apply this
test, and if there is no fence wire on l lie market that will
stand the test, what good would it do? The farmer who
must have the wire is compelled to take what he can get.
But a State law requiring such a test would be both pine
ticable and efficient. It could lie placed in the hands of the
Slate department of agriculture, just as the testing of for
tliizers and feed stuffs is. The above may not be tbe best
test, hut science can easily furnish one that would protect
the farmers from fraud in this matter. Under such a law
no wire could be put upon the market unless it stood the
test. If farmers will keep up the agitation and demand
such a law, it will come.

Very few of the railroads have demanded a test tints
far. They are now considering it. The War Depart
ment at Washington has informed ns that when it 1 >■
comes necessary to buy wire for the Panama Cana' a
special test will he applied. The test with sulphate ot
copper determines the character of the galvanizing.
Most of the manufacturers have claimed that by usin j
greater care in galvanizing the wire most of the trouble
would be removed. The real trouble lies in the wira
itself. Experiments at the Agricultural Department
show that under the modern system of manufacture
there is often an unequal distribution of manganese
through the steel. When this occurs an electric action
sets in which on a small scale is not unlike that when
two metals are fastened together to form an electric
battery. Just as in the battery this electric action re¬
sults in more or less decomposition of the metals, so in
the wire the unequal distribution of manganese causes
electrolysis or decomposition and this means rust. We
have collected many samples of wire and nails which
have stood for years and sent them to Washington. In
practically every case it was found that these specimens
contained little or no manganese. Enough has been
done to show that at least part of the trouble lies in the
wire itself. An improvement in galvanizing will help
somewhat, hut we must have better wire. It is by no
means easy for science to furnish a complete and fr ir
test. In order to furnish the old style wire some processes
of manufacture must he changed. The manufacture can
hardly he expected to change their methods until the
public demand a different wire. We have been aston¬
ished that farmers have been able to accomplish as much
as they have during the past year. The trouble with
the wire has been proved and pointed out. A test will
he worked out in due time. Tin's improvement w’ll
stand still until farmers do their part by demanding a
fair guarantee for their wire. A law compelling such
a test will help, but why wait for it? The law of
demand enforced by 1.000.000 farmers will create a
supply of better wire within a year.

BREVITIES.

After all, what lias a farmer got besides bis home?

Slang in the English language makes it appear that it
requires “sand” to acquire “rocks.”

Why is the man who waters bis milk put in jail, while
the man who “waters” trust stock is called a great “finan¬
cier?”

Man may put his character Into his horse or his dog. but
he must put the cow's character into himself to make her
succeed.

What a shape the State of Maryland has! When a man
says he lives there and you do not know his county it is
hard to tell whether he comes from sand or rock.

In Pennsylvania a fertilizer manufacturer cannot recover
damages from the Secretary of Agriculture for injury said
to have been caused by the publication of official analyses.

A poor man has one advantage over a rich one. His
children may lx? brought up so that they do not wait for
his death so that his estate may be cut up — like a piece of
meat.

Mr. Johnson says on page filfi that it was Luther Burbank
who first Introduced the San Jose scale to the Eastern
States. Well, we can truthfully say that no other horticul¬
tural novelty was ever more thoroughly disseminated.

A city woman says she has given lip buying red apples,
because she has had so many tasteless ones of woolly tex¬
ture, while green apples are always good. Isn't that an¬
other knock at our smiling but deceitful friend, Mr. B — n
D— s?

The President’s message was a bulky and comprehensive
document, but among all the subjects corralled therein the
reform of the free seed distribution somehow got away. We
shall continue to lx? giaddened by the famous seeds that
never grow.

A Massachusetts court has decided that (lie cal is si ill
a wild animaj, and is not entitled to t lie protection accorded
to domesticated creatures. Probably t lie court has been try¬
ing to convince the family cat in some direction opposed by
her feline judgment.

According to the Department of Agriculture the noodle
of commerce is a base libel upon tbe business lien. Instead
of acquiring its yellow complexion from eggs it is colored
with turmeric or coal tar dye. Turmeric is an innocent
vegetable dye that belongs in the pickle jar. but deliver us
from phenylamine noodles !

If you want to get: the limit of legal advice write the
Attorney General of New Jersey asking some important pub¬
lic question. You will promptly receive a printed circular
informing you that this giant intellect is not authorized by
law to answer cpiestions for ordinary peon'e. We venture to
say that every other Stale Attorney in the country will see
that important cpiestions are courteously answered!

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

9i7

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — .7. 71. Osborne, a director of the Hocken-
liull-ElIiott Hank at Jacksonville, Ill., reputed to be wealthy,
and Kev. Thomas I?. Smith, a minister, were arrested De
ce. idler 4 accused of conspiracy to obtain money by false
pnetenses. Attorney Frederick Kingsland, representing the
Orinoco Minina and Milling Company of Idaho Springs,
Colo., says Osborne ami Sm'th have victimized twelve per¬
sons out of money amounting to .$.">,000. He says they
used the title “National Stock and Bond Guarantee Com¬
pany'' and advertised to nuance worthy enterprises. In¬
stead of furnishing caoilat tney agreed to underwrite eaeli
venture, lie asserts and for a certain sum in proportion to
1 lie amount of bonds ro ne issued, agreed to give a written
guarantee for ihe responsibility of the company. This
guarantee, he says, was worthless. . . . The Federal

Grand Jury, silting at Topeka. Kan., lias returned indict¬
ments against these persons: The II. 8. Boice Cattle Com¬
pany of New Jersey, II. S. Boice. Kansas City: Louis* Cans,
New York : Emanuel Lenman, New York : E. A. Merdian,
New York : A. B. I.yiien. Stevens county, Kan. : Robert Mer¬
ton. Stevens county, Kan. Kadi of these seven is indicted
on four counts for each offence: Unlawfully making and
constructing fences: unlawfully asserting right to exclusive
use; unlawfully making, constructing, controlling enclos¬
ures: obstructing passage through the lands of the United
States. The Boice Cattle Company. K S. Boice, Louis
Cans. Emanuel Lenman. and E. A. Merdian were eaeli in¬
dicted on eight counts. They are all officers of the Boice
Cattle Company They maintain two tracts- of land in
Stevens and Morton counties, in which they are, it is al¬
leged, illegally enclosing Government land. Lynch and
Merton are each indicted on four counts. They have but
one pasture earn. In the case of the cattle company, the
total line, if assessed at the limit, will lie $10,000 or $1,000
for earn count. Imprisonment of one year can he enforced
against each count. Botli fine and imprisonment must he
assessed. The total enclosure in its two pastures of the
Boice Cattle Company is 101. 000 acres. Of tills amount
50,160 is Government land. The II. S. Boice Cattle Com¬
pany is organized under the laws of New Jersey, and it is
a very wealthy concern. II. S. Boice is treasurer of the
Kansas City Live Stock Company and lives at Kansas City.
He Is now in Texas on business. . . . Twenty-four in¬

dictments against wealthy cattle barons, on charges of
conspiracy and subornation of perjury in securing fraudulent
homestead entries and for the illegal enclosures of govern¬
ment lands, were returned December !) by t lie United
Skates grand jury ar Topeka, Kan. The total amount of
land held under renee ny the indicted eat lie men is 403,400
aco'es, of which 135,060 acres is Government land Among
these men are R. M. Crawford, county treasurer of Stevens
county : M J. Alien, county attorney: and E. M. Dean, pro¬
bate judge ot Morton county. J. S. Bilby is reputed to be
one of the wealthiest men in the State of Missouri. lie is
indicted for illegal land fencing, but his son. John E. Bilby,
must answer the more serious charges of conspiracy to
defraud and subornation of perjury. . . . Initial steps
toward (lie criminal prosecution of some of the biggest
railroad corporations in the United Stales as a result of the
alleged unlawful system of giving rebates were taken in
Philadelphia. December 11, when United States District
Attorney .7 Whitaker Thompson applied to the United States
District Attorney to 'lie bills of indictment against com¬
panies rite names of which he would not divulge. A sweep¬
ing investigation of (lie rebate system by the Grand Jury
was what the District Attorney said he wanted. Scores
of witnesses, including shippers said to have received re¬
bates. were subpoenaed. Attorney-General Moody by order
of President Roosevelt Is said to lie directing the investiga¬
tion. . Beginning January 1. 30,000 operatives em¬
ployed by the American Woolen Company of Boston will
nave their wages advanced 10 per cent. The increase will
become effective in the thirty plants of the corporation,
which are located in seven States, and it is expected that
several mills not owned Tty the company will grant a sim¬
ilar advance. The Scotia Worsted Mills of Woonsocket, R.
I., controlled by an independent concern and employing
175 hands, posted notices announcing a 10 per cent, raise
on New Year's day. It is estimated that the advance will
give t lie American company’s operatives an aggregate of
nltrcr $1 ,000,000 more each year than they have been re¬
ceiving. ... A monument was unveiled at Prospect,
Nova Scotia, December 7. In memory of the 562 victims of
the wreck of the steamship Allantic, thirty-two years ago.
'Fite expense of the monument was borne by t lie White
Star Line, which owned ttie Atlantic. The monument was
unveiled ny the Rev. W. .T. Ancient, who was Die rector at
Prospect at t lie time of the wreck and took a prominent part
in Hie rescue work. . . . Senator John H. Mitchell of

Oregon, died at Portland, December 8. as the result of hem¬
orrhage following the extraction of teeth, aged 70. Senator
Mitchell was indieten with a number of others in December,
1001, for connection with the land frauds in Oregon. It
was alleged that In 1902 he was In the scheme to defraud
the Government out of a portion of its public lands by means
or false affidavits and fieri tious persons, and that he took
$2,000 in return for nls Influence with Representative Her¬
mann, then commissioner of the General Land Office in Wash¬
ington. Hermann was also Indicted, and it was alleged that
lie expedited 12 claims which he knew to he fraudulent, act¬
ing upon the suggestion and wish of Senator Mitchell. Every-
thfn*T possible was done to save Mitchell, but the evidence
was too strong, and he was convicted a few months ago.
His attorneys secured his release pending decision of their
appeal, and the senator was never sent to jail. Mitchell’s
political enemies had previously charged him with many
other crimes, but he had always come out successful when
the tug of war came.

CONGRESS — The Emergency appropriation Dill to pro¬
vide the Isthmian Canal Commission with the funds to carry
on the construction of the Panama Canal will contain no
genera! legislation. This was decided by the Senate Com¬
mittee on Appropriations December 12. when it was agreed
to report the measure appropriating $11,000,000. the amount
named by the House bill, me first section of the bill, in
relation ro ihe issuing of bonds, was stricken out. A Di 1 1
containing Ihfs feature was introduced in the Senate by
Mr. Teller, and it will he dealt with by the Finance Com¬
mittee. The hill wae amended further to provide that in
the future no expenditures shall lie made for the canal ex-
rept by authority of Congress and when appropriations have
been made* by Congress. Secretary Taft, Theodore I’. Shonts,
chairman of the Cana! Commission: Joseph B. Bishop, secre¬
tary. and other officials of the commission, including the
purchasing agent and ihe assistant purchasing agent, were
before committee and were subjected to pointed inquiries
as to the manner of making expenditures. Mr. Taft and
Mr. Shouts* urged mar the appropriation lie increased to
$16,500,000. tr„- amount named in the Dill before it was
amendpff in t Do House. They admitted, however, tiiat $11,-
000,000 would he sufficient to carry on the work until April.
In view of the fact that Congress will have plenty of oppor¬
tunity to legislate by that time, it was determined not to
restore the $5,500,000 cut out Dy the House.

FARM AND G WIDEN. — Roundaway plantation, the 10.-
000 acre farm belonging to a syndicate composed of John
.Tnono Astor, Stuyvesant Fish and others of the Illinois Cen¬
tral Railway, has been Tendered to the Agricultural Depart¬
ment for cotton growing, according to the Department’s
ideas of combating the hop weevil. In company with As¬
sistant Second iHce-President Smith Mr. TV M. Bamberg,
special agent of the Department, left Memphis. Term., De¬
cember 7. for tin' mg plantation to plan future planting and
to make a careful slimy of agricultural conditions in the
Yazoo Delta. Mr. Bnmnerg Inis established raanv small ex¬
perimental slattons, but t.lie Roundaway place will be worked
on a scale hitherto unknown to Government experts. Every
known and many experimental plans for the eradication of
the poll weevil will be tried there. The Illinois Central
{arm fs one of the richest on earth, and with timbered lands
comprises about 50,000 acres.

When (ho convention of tlie Farmers’ Union of America
reconvened at Texarkana. Tex.. December 6. a vote was taken
on the question as to whether or not a national organization
should lx* formed, and the proposition carried by a very targe
majority. These delegates were appointed as a committee
to draft a constitution and one on by-laws and constitution
for the government of the national body : .7. T. Wakefield.

Sooth Carolina : II. 70. Webb. Texas ; r. y. Skenern. .7 W.
Sanderson. Indianhoma: T. .7. Brooks. Tennessee : J. R. Roll.
Georgia, and A. R. Cole, I.onislana. After the appointment
of other committees the convention took up the question of
the advisability of establishing a national newspaper organ.

A National Society for the preservation of (lie American
Bison was formed at the office of Win. T. Ilornadtiy. Director
of the New York Zoological Dark, December 8. President
Roosevelt is an officer in Ihe society.

The annual election of officers of the American Cheviot
Sheep Society was held at the office of the Society. Fayette¬
ville. N. Y., December 5. Sixty live shares of capital stock
were represented, and the following officers were elected
for fhe ensuing year* President. C. S. Plumb, Columbus,
O: vice-president, F. E. La n't z, Carlock. Ill.; secretary and
treasurer, F. E. Dawley, Fayetteville, N. Y. ; member execu¬
tive committee for three years- F. E. Lantz. The reports
of the officers showed the society to lie in a most flourish¬
ing condition, and ihe indebtedness, which was* incurred at
the consolidation of the old Cheviot sheep societies, nearly
all wiped out. A special meeting of t lie Cheviot Sheep So¬
ciety was held in the l.ive-Stock Record Building, during
the Live-stock Show at Chicago, December 10.

A farmers' institute will lie held at Canistota. N. Y., March
15-16. The meeting scheduled for Schenevus, December 10-20,
lias been postponed indefinitely. The institute arranged for
Oswegatchie February 14-15 lias been changed to Ileuvel-
toti : Alfred lias been changed from March 14-15 to 12-13;
Belfast and Elbridge, both March 12-13, are out.

CHRISTMAS IN ODD CORNERS.

How Rural Readers Met Santa Claus.

The R. N.-Y. has readers in every State of the unioti and
in most foreign countries. A little idea of the extent of
its circulation may he seen in the following notes*.

CUBA. — The most that I remember about last Christmas
Day, or rather the day before Christmas, which is really as
much of a holiday in Cuba as Christmas Day itself, is that
we were busy nearly all the forenoon getting vegetables from
our garden ready for market. Some of our hoys returned
with empty Imskets two or three times for a fresh supply.
Radishes and lettuce were most in demand to accompany
the roast pig, black beans and other (Van dishes of t Do
Christmas Eve dinner, which is usually partaken of l>e-
tween nine o’clock and midnight. We had our own Christ¬
mas Eve dinner with our 50 or more children at an earlier
hour, at four p. in. The tables were very attractive, deco¬
rated and loaded in part with lettuce and radishes, nice
large oranges bought at 60 cents a hundred and peanut
candy of home raising and manufacture. The tables had
been decorated earlier In t Do afternoon witli boxes of candy
and other Christmas gifts sent by mail by members* of two
Sunday Schools in Tennessee lo each individual of our large
family. At seven p. m. we took our children to a Christinas
tree entertainment, a recent innovation in Cuba. TDe
morning and the evening may have been a little cool, but
the day was so warm that we were comfortable with doors
and windows wide open, and dressed in what would lie called
liglit Summer clothing in New York. In the surrounding
country Christmas time brought a short lull lo the work,
in which almost everyone was engaged from die first of
December into April, the work connected with cut ting and
grinding sugar cane. About, one million sacks, each con¬
taining 325 to 350 pounds of sugar of last Winter's crop,
have been exported from Cardenas this year. Nine such
sacks have been donated to our institution, almost enough
to keep us all sweet till next Christmas.

ELM Kit E. HUBBARD.

QUEBEC PROVINCE. — Christmas occurring last year on
Sunday was observed by attending service in the usual Sun¬
day manner, morning and evening, but the customary Christ¬
mas dinner and general merrymaking took place on Monday.
In the afternoon, our young people, and the young old pe'o-
ple. adjourned to a neighboring pond, where skating was
indulged in. During Sunday and Monday we had enough
snow for sleighing and the temperature ranged between
28 and 30 above zero. It is hardly necessary for me to
add that in the evening those who were fortunate enough to
have sweethearts went to see them. wit. craiu.

SOUTH DAKOTA. — I-ast year was a bad year in this
county : crops were poor and the price of grain was high.
This year crops are good and prices reasonable. I live on
a stock farm of about 3,500 acres. I-ast year the price
of corn was so high I did not feed anything. At Christmas
I was just looking after my stock, which consisted of 300
head of cattle and 40 head of horses: they run out all Win¬
ter on grass and stalk fields. In stormy weather I would
haul them some hay or millet. At Christmas the weather
was fine and the stock needed very little attention. Stock
winters better here with less care than any other place I
know of. e. l. c.

NORTHERN MICHIGAN.— Although so near (lie North
Pole we were 'doing about the same as the “Blue Hens” in
New Jersey and the “Crackers” in Florida. We ale our
chicken and called it turkey, raised in Michigan and stuffed
with oysters from Maryland: we pounded our lingers in
cracking hickorynuts, and munched our good red apples.
Out of doors the weather was very comfortable. The air
of the Lake Superior region is so dry that we do not feel
the cold as we used to in central New York or lower Michi¬
gan. A coaling of snow about eight inches deep gave us
good sleighing and made tramping on snowshoes or skees
pleasant and invigorating. The day before Christmas the
thermometer ranged from six to 18 degrees: Christmas Day
from 7 to 25 degrees: the day after IS to 28 degrees: anil
the last day of December from 35 to 40 degrees. Christmas
morning liglit snow fell from 7.15 to 9.30; in the after¬
noon the Bright sunshine and th“ warmer air called us
to out of doors life of all kinds. The work going on in Hie
Lake Superior region about Christmas time was of all kinds.
In tlie cities and towns many were erecting houses and
other buildings. On tin* farms men were busy earing for
their stock or were cutting wood for fuel. In the woods
contractors were cutting pine for lumber or hard wood for
use in our charcoal iron furnaces. In the mines hundreds
of men were digging out ore to be placed in stock piles
ready for shipment to ports on the lower lakes when navi¬
gation opens in the Spring. c. k.

NOVA SCOTIA. — I was home in Scotland Christmas of
1004. Weather was mild and wet. A day before we had
had a forenoon's skating on the pond, but later the ice
rotted. Plowing was the work being done on the farms,
using the long Scotch plow weighing about 200 pounds. [
would think, and turning a furrow six or seven inches
square, horses 1.600 pounds apiece. They mark Hie field
out in “rigs" of about 1 74 rod by mean’s of a long pole
attached to the beam, of the plow, and guyed to the hatnes
of one horse. This is done by Ihe foreman, the plow being
a narrow double mold-board and the pole having a sharp
drag. I like Nova Scotia better, especially in Summer.

.t. n. i.

BRITISH COLUMBIA. — Last Christmas I was herding
sheep 14 miles west of Maple Creek, Assiniboia : at the time.
I was living in the ranch house, so that I had neither cook¬
ing nor washing to do. The weather was beautiful for the
Northwest :• frost said to he 31 below, a very slight fall
of snow, bright sun, calm. The whole family were in town
at a family dinner, the teamster herding the son's band of
sheep. angus cameron.

ARIZONA. — There are usually some farmers engaged in
cutting, raking and stacking Alfalfa, which we usually cut
seven times a season unless the canals go drv. which hap-
pened t D is year. Others are engaged in leveling new land
which is sown to grain at any lime between November 1
and February 1. A voar ago Christmas Day we hauled
Alfalfa in forenoon, also gathered roasting ears and dug
sweet potatoes. l»t is not uncommon to have watermelons
at Christmas time. In Yuma, and on the mesa, the orange
and lemon trees, are hanging full of fruit, flowers are bloom¬
ing and birds singing. Here in the valley it is slightly cool¬
er. as we are somewhat lower, hut the thermometer seldom
registers below 28 or 30 degrees above zero during the night,
and usually reaches 75 or 80 in the heat of the day. The
weather is almost perfect, the sun shines brightly nearly
every day, and there is seldom a cloud to be seen.

w. J. .TONES.

IDAHO.- — I.ast Christmas was a bright pleasant day:
about two inches of snow on tlie ground, thermometer 32
above zero, and the ground not frozen. I had been pruning
fruit trees up to Christmas, on that day pruned about 50
monthly rose bushes in order to get a lot of cuttings for
my daughter to plant in western Washington — otherwise
would not prune the roses until Fehruarv. Our climate is
very mild here .so that roses like Mareeh’al Neil. Pan! Nev
ron. La France. Gen. Jacqueminot, etc., grow in the open
without protection, and we are near the west side of tlie

Bitter Root Mountains, and less than 200 miles from the
northern boundary of the United States. But we feel ihe
effect of Ihe Japan current, although 400 miles from the
Pacific. Dur farmers generally keep on plowing here unwi
slight snowstorms in December, hut the ground generally is
not frozen all Winter, so we often leave potatoes in the
ground to dig in the Spring. The Clearwater Valley, in
which 1 live, is being planted largely in fruit, berries and
grapes, and Black Hamburg, Flame Tokay and other choice
European grapes do exceedingly well here. geo. runkel.

FLORIDA. Wife and I arose at 5.30 A. M., gave a few
final touches to the Christmas tree, lit the candles, and then
did you ever hear noisy hoys on a Christmas morning? The
tree in Ibis ease consisted of a real orange tree full of
natural fruit. Our breakfast consisted of melons, pa-
paws, grape fruit, green breakfast onions, radishes, fried egg
plant, home-baked bread, butter, coffee with German coffee
cake and fruit cake. The tempting Florida sunshine soon
calls us into the open air after the light choring is done:
we assemble on the lawn and enjoy a game of croquet, the
youngest busying himself with his new Christmas toys.
Some neigliliors call and present us with a box of grape
fruit (Ours being too young to bear) and are presented in
turn with numerous vegetables. We take (the men folks)
a stroll over tlie farm and notice that the mango peppers
and tomatoes need picking. Dinner at 1 I’. M. consists of
roast chicken, homemade noodles, new potatoes, sliced en¬
cumbers, with cream, head lettuce, celery, Jamaica sorrel
(similar to cranberries) mixed sliced pineapples and oranges.
After dinner we all discuss (on tlie veranda) the contrast
of this tropical scenery with our former Iowa home; there
tlie ground frozen hard and snow covered, while here we
are picking peppers, egg plants, tomatoes and other tender
vegetables, with temperature rather low for here (68 at
noon, 57 at 5.30 T\ M.) More neighbors call and the chil¬
dren all take a sail on the waters of the Everglades nearby.
Supper al 5.30 I’. M. ; cold chicken, guava short cake, with
bananas and cream, tea. All attend Christmas festival at
church at Miami, five miles away, which is easily reached
on our hard rock road. Walter waldin.

MAINE. — Christmas, 1004, pleasant; thermometer eight
below, hut 30 below at foot of our Dill. Sleighing good. A
dear old lady, a near neighbor, aged 95, passed away that
morning. Our work was among Ihe poultry, which require
close attention in such cold weather. Our neighbors were
cutting and hauling wood for market: one man cut and
sold about 500 cords. The returns from our last shipment
of eggs to Boston were at 42 cents per dozen.

_ F. C. CURTIS.

APPLE GROWING IN WEST VIRGINIA.

We send samples of two of our new apples. The larger
one is Regan's Red or Black Ben Davis, the other Collins
Red or Champion, grown from lop grafts, which I grafted
two years ago. They are not as perfect as I would desire,
but they are the best I had. You can see they do not
know what a spray pump is intended for. The' trees of
both these varieties grow finely in this mountain soil, and
promise to do well in this section, which is adapted to
the growth ol “Dig red apples.’’ In fact there are onlv a
few varieties that do not do well with us. Possibly there
are many interested in fruit growing who have vet to learn
that West Virginia is destined to lead the world in (lie
production of choice fruits, particularly the apple and
peach, and in many parts of the State pears do excellently
and are very profitable to grow. There are thousands of
acres of mountain land unoccupied that will grow the
finest fruit. The horticultural meeting at Martinsburg this
Fall reviewed several important facts, among them the fact
that to grow choice fruit we must not be afraid to make a
tree use of “elbow grease;” we must cultivate and improve
the soil, give proper attention to pruning, as well as to a
liberal use of insecticides, and if we expect to profit by fruit
growing, we must make a careful selection of the very best
kinds, find out the best, and stick to them. Last, but not
least, plant nothing hut first-class trees. For vears the peo¬
ple of (his seel ion have been buying a low grade of nursery
stock, taking any kind that a designing agent might offer
and the result is. thousands of trees are worthless. But
some of our people are cutting their wisdom teeth, and
nursery stock will have to come O. K.. or stock will l>e
rejected, and left on the agents’ hands, just what ought to
be done if stock is worthless. urn

Matchless, W. Va. '

R. N.-Y.— The apples were large and high colored — very*
attractive in appearance. We do not call either variety
high in flavor.

FARM PROSPECTS.

Early corn on high land is good: where worked on bot¬
tom land drowned out badly: verv short wheat crop hardly
worth harvesting. Cotton very light, compared with last
years crop :a bout all gathered here in North Georgia No
apples and very few peaches. Last year peaches went from
this county in train loads. Strawberry crop was very light
on account of hard freeze in the middle of April, .t. c. h

Menlo, Ga.

Iowa farmers are now nearlv through husking the if. rgest
corn crop ever gathered in tliis part of the State: 75 to
100 bushels shelled corn are not uncommon yields. Some
fields, however, that have been planted to corn for several
years without rotation, will not produce more than 20 or 25
bushels. The apple crop was a failure. Last year we had
anples to sell. This year we have bought our apples in
Albany Co.. N. Y. ; our boyhood home! Thev cost laid
down here $2.00 per barrel. Local dealers are selling at
$4.50 and $5. p. q( p.

Tipton, Iowa. _

EXPRESS REFORM. — On page 855 I noted tlie article
headed “A Story of an Express Dackage” My attention was
drawn toward it because of some experience’s Hint a friend
had been relating to me. I took the above mentioned copy
of paper to him. and he was very much interested and not
a little amused : also I am induced to believe, somewhat
comforted : possibly on the ground that “mlserv likes com¬
pany." luit being a man of very high standards' and a keen
sense ol what is due to one from another. I think he has
begun to hope that a new era mav be dawning
for at least some measure of reform in the matter
of the transportation of small packages, such as are now
almost exclusively sent bv express, although the rates
charged are so exorbitant that an article must ha'*e great
commercial value or else a value vastly greater than its
commercial value on account, of its util i l v. to make It prac¬
tical to send anything bv express. What we need is a
parcels post with a large range as to weight, size and
character of articles that may lie sent bv it. There can
lie Du t little doubt that we would have had such a system
long ago were it not for the influence of the express’ com¬
panies, tliis influence being so quietlv and covertly exerted
as to seem almost invisible: hut on this account so far from
lacking tiower. appears to have had peculiar potency. While,
personally. I have had little experience with express com¬
panies, yet what little I have had is* sufficient to demon¬
strate to me. that while reform seems to be the order of the
entire world at present, it will he great cause for re-met if
the methods of transportation of articles now handled bv
express, are not radically reformed. k s w ’

BUSINESS BITS .

The Welt-Bote Almanac is a handbook for German
speaking people. In addition to the data usually found in
an almanac there is a large amount of useful information
It is well printed on good paper and will he sent postpaid for
25 cents by the publishers, Welt-Bote Pub. Co., Allentown. Pa.

McClure’s Magazine.- Mention of this periodical alwavs
brings to mind its monumental history of Standard Oil. its
stories of political corruption, and its keen and incisive
studies of labor conditions. Tlie coming year carries out
similar features in new lines. Ray Stannard Baker will dis
cuss railways, their rate discriminations, their influence in
polities, etc. Burton .T. Hendrick will write the t-<*;itli about
life Insurance, while William Allen White will give character
sketches of public men who fight corruption. The autobiog¬
raphy of Carl Schttrz will he « strong feature. In addition
to this, there will he the usual presentation of strong, pie-
turesnue fiction and vivid illustration: a very liberal offering
for $1 a year. We are always glad to speak a good word
for this magazine: it lias proved such a prolific source of
pleasure and Interest.

9i8

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

[ Woman and Home \

From Day to Day.

GOOD KING WBNCESLAS.

Good King Wenceslas looked out
On the Feast of Stephen.

When the snow lay ’round about
Deep and crisp and even.

Brightly shone the moon that night,

Tho’ the frost was cruel,

When a poor man came In sight.

Gathering Winter fuel.

“Hither, page, and stand by me.

If thou know’st it, telling
Yonder peasant, who is he?

Where and what his dwelling?”

“Sire, ho lives a good league hence,
Underneath the mountain;

Right against t lie forest fence.

By St. Agnes fountain.”

“Bring me flesh, and bring me wine.

Bring me pine logs hither;

Thou and I will see him dine.

When we bear them thither.”

Page and monarch forth they went.

Forth they went together;

Through the rude wind's wild lament.

And the bitter weather.

“Sire, the night is darker now,

And the wind blows stronger;

Fails my heart, I know not how,

I can go no longer.”

“Mark my footsteps, my good page.

Tread thou in them boldly ;

Thou shalt find the Winter’s rage
Freeze thy blood less coldly.”

In his master's steps lie trod.

Where t lie snow lay dinted ;

Heat was in the very sod
Which the saint had printed.

Therefore, Christian men, he sure,

Wealth or rank possessing.

Ye who now will bless the poor
Shall yourselves find blessing.

— Old Carol, reprinted from December Coun¬
try Life.

A new style of petticoat noted is made
of black stockinet, with a deep sateen
flounce, accordion pleated, shirred, or with
hemstitched bands. There is no placket,
an elastic band running through the top,
this giving a snug trim waist-line. The
smooth fit causes skirts of the present
style to hang admirably. These skirts

cost $1, $1.50 and $1.75 each.

*

The hulled corn season is here again,
and corn au gratin will form a very
agreeable supper dish. For one quart of
hulled corn prepare a pint of rich cream
sauce, flavoring it with Worcestershire
sauce or other condiments to make it
piquant. Put the sauce and corn in a bak¬
ing dish or individual ramekins in alter¬
nate layers, sprinkle the top with grated
cheese and a dusting of paprika, and bake

until well browned on top.

*

An old-fashioned trimming now re¬
vived is narrow side-pleating, which is
seen on many handsome gowns, and on
children’s clothes. It is quite probable
that it will be used extensively later.
Another revival of former styles is the
high stock collar, which will be unwel¬
come to many women. One of the smart¬
est things one can wear thi« Winter is a
high stock and deep cuffs of Irish crochet.
Heavy linen stocks and ctififs, embroid¬
ered in blue and red in dots and scrolls,
are very pretty and fashionable to wear
with flannel waists; their making will
provide pretty pick-up work for odd
times.

*

The boarding-house mistress looked at
her latest ‘'guest” with a firm but cheer¬
ful expression of countenance, and al¬
lowed the faintest hint of a smile to play
over her features, says the Youth’s Com¬
panion.

“Oh, no, I never have any trouble with
my boarders.” she said, briskly. “I don’t
see any need of nagging ’em if they don’t
do just as they would in their own homes,
and as thev’d like to be done by; but I
generally let them see in some way when
I don’t approve of their doings.

“For instance, there was Mr. Cranston,
one of mv table boarders, a real well-
meaning young man, but pretty careless.
He sits down at the end of the table near
those little shelves where I keep my extra
china, and he got in the habit last Sum¬
mer of coming in in a hurry and laying
his hat right on top of the plates.

“Well, il didn’t look just right, but I
didn’t nag him about it. When he’d done

it half a dozen times I just put a sheet
of sticky fly paper in on top of those
plates.

“He never said anything about it, for
he knew what 1 meant after that night.
That’s why I say if folks will use tact

The Rural Patterns.

The comfortable bath robe shown, which
a boy would appreciate as much as his
elders, is made of one of the fancy Turk¬
ish towelings, but it is appropriate for
flannel, eiderdown, and, indeed, everything
that is used for garments of the sort. The
robe is made with fronts and back, shaped
by means of shoulder and under-arm
seams. The fronts are laid in plaits at
the neck edges, but the back is plain. At
the under-arm seams are attached straps,
beneath which is passed the cord and tas¬
sels. The sleeves are in coat style and
the neck is finished with the flat roll-over
collar. The quantity of material required
for the medium size (10 years) is 4 ’4
yards 27, 2^4 yards 44 or yards 50
inches wide. The pattern 5211 is cut in
sizes for bovs 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of
age ; price 10 cents.

The misses’ bath robe as shown is made
of soft wool flannel, dark red in color,
with banding of soft wash silk, but suit¬
able materials are many. Both the all
wool flannels and those made of cotton and
wool mixtures are shown in a variety of
colors and designs, while there also are
the heavy terry cloths or Turkish towel¬
ings. which are often preferred to flannel.
The robe is made with fronts and backs,
the latter being joined at the center and
providing comfortable fullness; at the
neck is a flat roll-over collar and the
sleeves are loose in flowing style, finished

521 1 Boy’s Bath Robe, 6 to 14 years.

they’ve no need to have any trouble with

boarders — not a bit !”

*

An innovation in up-to-date lingerie is
the corset cover buttoned in the back.
This is meant to be worn with thin
waists buttoned in the back ; it fits very
smoothly and neatly, and is usually deco¬
rated with fine tucks running up and
down. The colored slips worn under
lingerie waists are fastened in the
back ; they are made of thin silk
or mercerized lining, perfectly plain, with
long sleeves and high neck. In delicate
blue, green, pink or lavender they give a
very pretty effect under a sheer lace-
trimmed waist, and the style is now very
popular.

*

One result of furnace heat in our homes
is the increasing use of wash dresses for
Winter wear. With the entire house kept
at an even Summer temperature there is
no reason for wearing heavy woolens in¬
doors, and both comfort and cleanliness
are gained by percale or gingham. Of
course the warmer garments are retained
for outdoor wear. We have always fav¬
ored cotton dresses for kitchen wear, even
when an imperfectly heated house neces¬
sitates greater warmth in the underwear.
Both comfort and cleanliness are gained
by this, and one also avoids the odors of
stale cooking which cling to woolen gar¬
ments.

0180 Misses’ Batb Robe, 12 to 16 years.

with turn-over cuff's. The quantity of ma¬
terial required for the medium size ( 14
years) is 7 yards 27, 3)4 yards 52 inches
wide, with A/ yards of ribbon for band¬
ing. The pattern 5180 is cut in sizes for
misses of 12, 14 and 16 years of age;
price 10 cents.

ROYAL

BAKING POWDER.

Imparts that peculiar lightness,
sweetness and flavor noticed in the
finest cake, biscuit, rolls, crusts,
etc., which expert pastry cooks
declare is unobtainable by the use
of any other leavening agent.

Made from Pure, Grape Cream of Tartar.

ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

December 23,

When you write advertisers mention The
U. N.-Y and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

Earning

Pin-Money

One woman made $1810
last year doing easy work
for The Ladies’ Home
Journal and The Satur¬
day Evening Post. She
did not have to work nearly
so hard as some women do
to earn half that.

There is no chance about
it. You are sure of what
you earn ; and each month
you can get a money prize
besides.

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

Save Half Your Fuel

•V USING TNI

ROCHESTER.

RADIATOR

Fits any Stove or Furnace.
Writ © for booklet on heating hornet.

Koeb enter Radiator Co.
m Furnace St., ttocUester,N«Yt

Prlcclrom
$2.00 to
$12.00.

For hard or

soft coal,
wood or gas.

“ A Poor Stove is Not
Cheap at Any Price"

Note the
interlocking
prongs or fingers
to this grate, insur¬
ing a free access of
air for a perfect fire — an arrangement
for weight and strength to withstand
the destructive action of heat longer
than any other grate we know of. This
substantial fire box can be _ changed
from coal to wood burning in a fe’
seconds in the incomparable

lew

N<

’AN<

and is oval in shape so that no corners
are left for clinkers to form, or ashes
to accumulate. The heavy brick lining
outlasts five ordinary sets and also ex¬
tends along the entire width of oven
front for absolute protection to that
vital part when wood is burned.

We have only partly described one
of over twenty exclusive features which

make the STERLING RANGE “worth
its weight in gold”, and a postal card
request will bring you full information.
There are no "just as good” argu¬
ments, and if your dealer does not keep
the STERLING, we will
be pleased to refer you
to one who knows “it
has no equal",

sill stove works,

Rocheiter, N. Y.

■93 BuY* Th,s LarS« Handsome Nickel
B Trimmed Steel Range

without warming closet or
reservoir. With high warm¬
ing closet, porcelain lined
reservoir, ju3t as shown in
eut,*13.1»5; large. roomy oven,
six cooking holes, body made
of cold rolled steel. Duplex
grate; burns wood or coal.
Handsome nickel trimmings,
highly polished.

OUR TERMS tut

most liberal ever
made. You can pay
after you receive the
range. You can take
- it into your home.

useit30days. if you don’t
ilnd it exactly us represent¬
ed. the biggest bargain you
ever saw, equal to stoves
retailed for double our
price, return it to us. We
w ill pay freight both ways.

CUT THIS AD OUT send it to us and we wi!1 mail

_ _ ! you our large stove catalogue.

75 styles to select from. Don’t buv until you get it. >

MARVIN SMITH CO. CHICAGO. ILL.

BETTER THAN AN INSTITUTE— Our School
Proposition forFurmors' Families. SCHOOL AGENCY,
Room 1, 255 W. 104th St., Now York, N. Y. Enclose
stamp for booklet.

DERRICK OIL CO.

Box 52. Titusville, Pa.

ELITE OIL.

A high grade, perfect
burning oil. Never
fails to please where
a clear, strong light is
desired. Made from
Pure Pennsylvania
Crude. Write for par¬
ticulars and prices.

',905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Change of Work.

It is a popular belief among people who
are gr at workers that a change of occu¬
pation is a rest and recreation. This is
true to a great extent, but only, I believe,
under certain conditions. It is not true
when one is in a state of physical and
mental exhaustion. Then, rest and relax¬
ation are what is needed. In order for a
change of work to be a rest, I think one
must be able to dismiss the previous work
absolutely from one’s thoughts; they must
not be mixed. For instance, if a woman
does housework all the forenoon and
thinks of no other work but housework,
and then in the afternoon forgets all about
housework and becomes interested and
absorbed in sewing, why, when it comes
time to do housework again at supper
time she will go to that rested and re¬
freshed. But if, on the other hand, she is
thinking and planning about her sewing
all the time she is doing her housework,
and then when she sits down to sew has
the housework on her mind, when supper
time comes she will be tired and de¬
pressed, having enjoyed neither kind of
work. To cultivate the habit of being in¬
terested and absorbed in what we are do¬
ing will tend to a more peaceful state of
mind and body. susan b. robbins.

Charity Sweetheart’s Letters.

The days are short and dark, so one
looks with longing eyes toward the turn
of the year in country places, where we
have to depend on kerosene for light.
What a care so many lamps are to a busy
housekeeper, for if not attended to they
are sure to smoke and fill the room with
a disagreeable odor. In our large lamp,
where we sit to read in the evenings, I
have been trying putting a bit of gum
camphor in the oil. It was recommended
for adding clearness to the light. We think
it is quite an advantage, though not un¬
derstanding the chemistry of it.

The boys have to be got off to school
as soon as their breakfast is finished a-nd
lunch packed up. Having good healthy
appetites it is something of a chore to pre¬
pare it for them. We never give them
pie, but often make good, wholesome
gingerbread and toothsome sandwiches,
with a scrap of chopped meat, or lettuce
or tomatoes. Some of them like hard-
boiled eggs chopped and seasoned, but
they are not plentiful at this season of the
year. Last Summer, when our neighbor
Mr. Stebbins was spraying his apple trees,
he had some lime soaking, and his wife
told me to take a pail full of the water
from the top, and put in the extra eggs
when they were cheap, as she always did,
that, and kept them to use when they
were dear. So I followed her plan ; the
lime water was settled and clear and a
few were put in when they could be
spared. Now they come out quite sound
and useful, and Minty said the other
morning when she wanted to make some
pumpkin pies that we would not be taken
sh(j^ again when it was so easy to man¬
age. So we are able to give the boys
scrambled eggs for supper sometimes, for
when children are exercising and study¬
ing they need constant building up and
proper nourishment. Tt often worries me
that so many country boys and girls do
not drink milk, and I know so manv
women who drink their tea “clear and
very strong,” as one of our neighbors ex¬
pressed it. One of the good points of
these women’s institutes will be to make
us reflect upon what we eat, and try to
prepare for our families and ourselves
what they can best assimilate. The
longer I live the more I discover that our
food has more to do with our moods than
we imagine, though of course we all have
our life burdens, and think they are hard
to bear. Lately I heard the story of an
eastern monarch in ancient times, who got
so tired of listening to his subjects com¬
plaining of the burdens they each had to
bear that he ordered them to bring the
said burdens, and make a heap of them
in front of his royal tent. Then he com¬
manded each in turn to go around the
heap and pick out the one that seemed

9i9

easiest. I wonder if it was strange that
after a thorough examination each one
chose his own again ?

Just now, with many women, it is
the Christmas burden that they try to
carry, and endeavor to make one dollar
do the work of five. Give it up, dear
friends, for friendship is not measured by
the yards of lace you make, or the other
knick-knacks ; it is as loyal and true, with¬
out all that effort of hands already too full.
Last Christmas, or rather after it was
over, a busy woman, who has five chil¬
dren, confessed to me that she was rush¬
ing as usual with homemade gifts, sitting
up nights and neglecting many duties.
Then the baby took sick, and when it was
better the third week of December had
arrived. She had a box of handsome note
paper, and sat down and wrote a letter

EDdystonE

PRINTS

Simpson - Eddystone

Black & Whites

Dresses made from them have the
appearance of more costly goods — their
patterns are' so refined. The fadeless
color and substantial quality make
them most economical.

Ask your dealer for

■ 5 im pson- Eddy stone Black Whites.

Three generations of Simpsons
have made Simpson Prints.

The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

Take an old rubber boot, and cut it to pieces. If it is one of the

Buckskin Brand

to each friend she had hoped to remember
with a gift. She made no mention of her
disappointment, but sept a loving mes¬
sage and good wishes. In every instance
a letter came back showing an appreciation
of the thought that prompted the letter.
We are such creatures of habit, and so
very mistrustful often of the opinion of
our friends, that we become bound by
conventional ideas. Tt is lovely to work
out a surprise gift for those we hold dear,
if it does not sap our strength, or take
the time due to other duties. But the
dormant feeling too often is that if some
one gives us a remembrance, we must give
something in return, or, as the expression
is, “go them one better.” It is not an
elevating sentiment, and the question is
worthy of study. But I am planning to
send out a few plants, and know two or
three people who failed to put up any
blackberry cordial who will be glad to be
remembered in that way, and there are
baskets of apples going to some who have
none. There are cases where fancy work
is in place and women who make it so
beautiful as to be a pleasure to look at,
but busy women on a farm, with sewing
and mending to do, have little time left.
Some of my town friends enjoyed last
year the boxes of ground pine, bittersweet
and American holly I sent them by mail.
The last mentioned grows in the garden,
and the others can be gathered in the
woods before snowfall. At any rate, let
us not add Christmas as a burden for our
already weary shoulders, for that is not
meant as a part of “good will towards
men” that it represents.

CHARITY SWEETHEART.

BOTH FOOD

AND MEDICINE.

We like best to call Scott’s
Emulsion a food-medicine. It
is a term that aptly describes
the character and action of
our Emulsion. More than a
medicine — more than a food,
yet combining the vital prin¬
ciples of both. It is for this
reason that Scott’s Emulsion
has a distinct and special
value in all wasting diseases.
There is nothing better to
remedy the troubles of im¬
perfect growth and delicate
health in children. The action
of Scott’s Emulsion is just as
effective in treating weak¬
ness and wasting in adults.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Rubber Boots and Shoes

You will find an extra thick sole, and extra rein¬
forcements where the ordinary boot breaks first. See
the cut. You will find, too, that the rubber in it has
elasticity — it stretches. That’s because it is real rub¬
ber, and not a cheap substitute such as is used now-
a-days in ordinary rubber boots and shoes.

That explains why the Buckskin Brand outwear
all others of the ordinary kind — and why they are
the only kind you can afford to buy. Guaranteed and
sold on Ten Days Trial. Ask your dealer for
Buckskin Brand. Take no other. If he won’t supply
you we will. Send to us for book and learn
the difference between last-long Buckskin
TOE Rubber wear and the wear-out-quick, ordi¬
nary kind.

BANNER RUBBER COMPANY,
280 Bittner St., St. Louis. Mo.

(AWARDED GRAND PRIZE
•t St. Louis Exposition.)

Wholesale Prices

Freight
Paid

Gold Coin Stoves have been Standard in high grade trade for nearly
fifty years. In every town where they are not now on sale, we will sell
direct to the user, the ^

Gold Coin Stoves

(Ranges also) at their wholesale price, sent on approval, safely de¬
livered, freight prepaid, highly polished, ready to put in your home. No
stoves are better made or more highly endorsed. They allow no waste of
fuel; are handsomely ornamented and guaranteed to please you. No stove
offer is made anywhere equal to that of a Gold Coin, sent prepaid on

A YEAR’S FREE TRIAL

GOLD COIN RAMSES TOO
. at th« same liberal offer.

and at exactly dealer's cost. Return at our expense if not satisfied. This
is the first proposition of this kind ever made by a manufacturer of a
Standard Trade-Marked Stove.

An old customer writes: “Gold Coin is good enough for
me. 1 have used mine 28 years and it's good yet."

Illustrated Catalogue Free describes our full line of Gold Coin

Ranges and Heating Stoves, *w rite for it to-day.

THE GOLD COIN STOVE CO., 3 Oak St., Troy, N. Y.

(Successor to Bussey and McLeod, Est. I860)

Talking Points for

THE

FOUR-TRACK

NEWS

Which Explain Its Emphatic Success

Here are a few reasons why you want The
Four-Track News on the reading table in
your home. Look them over, think them
over— then send for a sample copy and see if
you don’t think The Four-Track News is
worth $1 a year to yourself and your family.

Its scope is confined to no geographical
section ; the world is its field.

It instructs.

It entertains.

It’s different.

It is a universal favorite.

It is always and forever up-to-date.

It is a great help to students in history
classes.

There is much in every issue of educational
value to every reader.

It is entertaining to the father and mother
as well as to the children.

It is eloquent with bright, brief, valuable
articles and superb pictures.

Subscriptions, $1.00 a Year; Foreign Coun-
tries.$i 50 ; ' at News-stands, 10 Cents a Copy.

A sample copy and our special terms to
agents will cost you nothing. Send your ad¬
dress and two references to George H
Daniels, Publisher, Hoorn No. 21. 7 East 42d
St.. New York.

'HE FOUNTAIN PEN FOR CHRISTMAS !

Standard Self-filling aud Self-cleaning. 14 Karat
Gold. Prices, $2. 00, $2.50. $3.00 by registered mail. Agent,
Room 1, 255 W. 104th Street, New York, N. Y.

KlTTI n IIP your Health, and

DUILJJ Ur Strength with

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE

a pleasant, potent, stud permanent invigoratoi*
S? for WOMEN, CHILDREN and MEN.

DRUGGISTS ALL SELL IT.

920

TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 23,

CONTENTS.

The Uuhai. New-Yokkek, December 23, 1905.
FARM TOPICS.

Contract for Tomato Plants . 909, MO

Experience of a Tomato (Jrovver . 910

i.inie in Fall . 912

Storing Onions; Cause of Cabbage Itol . . 912

Alslke Clover . ©13

Hope Farm Notes . 915

Farm Prospects . 917

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Single Comb White Wyandot) en . 921

Cow With Indigestion . 922

The Malk.v Horse Problem . 922

Hog Lice and Dishorned Calves . 923

(letting liens Ready for Winter . 923

HORTICULTURE.

Long Experience in Spraying . 910

Hardiness of Peach Varieties . 910

Still Sticks to Lime and Sulphur . 911

Second-Crop Apples . 911

Honey Locust Hedges . 912

Knot in Pears . 912

Ward Blackberry: Red Cross Currant.. 912

(las Injuring Shade Trees . 912

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 914

Apple Growing in West Virginia . 917

June Trimming . 921

Dust Spraying . 923

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Day . 918

The Rural Patterns . 918

Change of Work . 919

Charily Sweetheart's Letters . 919

MISCELLANEOUS.

Pitch for a Leaky Tank . 911

Editorials . 910

Events of the Week . 917

Christmas In Odd Corners . 917

Express Reform . ill 7

Business Bits . 917

Publisher’s Desk . 921

Cement Posts . 921

M A Ft K E T S

Prices current at New York during week
ending December 16, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the official fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these fig
tires are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1. Northern Duluth — @ 95%

No. 2, Red . — (ft1 95

Corn . — @ 52

Oats . — @ 38

Rye . — @ 72

Barley . . @ 45

HAY AND STRAW.

Hav. No. 1 . — @16.00

No 2 . 14.00 (a) 14.50

No. 3 . 12.00 @ 1 3.00

Clover, mixed . 12.00 (3)14.00

Clover . 10OO @13.00

Wild . 8.00 @10 00

Straw, long rye . 13.00 @14.00

Short and Oat . 7.00 @10.00

FEED.

Wholesale at New York.

Spring Bran .

Middlings .

I\E(] I)0£ .

. . .10.85
. . .18.00

@17.25
@ 20.00
(<i 22,25

Cottonseed meal .

I.insppd monl .

(a 28.00
@30 50

Retail Western N. Y.

Spring Bran .

Middlings .

. . . 19.00
. . .21 00
. . . 23.00

@20.00

@24.00

@24.00

Rml I log .

Gluten Feed .

Oil meal .

@25.00
@28 00
@35.00

MILK.

N Y. Exchange price $1.71 oer 40 quart
can, netting 3% cents per quart at 20-cent
zone points where there are no additional
station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, best .

Lower grades .

State Dairy .

Imitation creamery .

Factory .

Packing Stock .

CHEESE.

Full cream, fancy .

Fair to good .

1 ight skims .

Full skims .

EGGS.

Selected, white, fancy .

Selected, white choice .

Best mixed colors .

Lower grades .

Western and southern .

Storage .

BEANS.

Ma rrow . . .

Medium .

Pea .

Red Kidney .

White Kidney .

Yellow Eye .

Black Tin-tie Soup .

24

@

24 Vi

18

@

23

10

@

23

17

@

19

15

@

17%

14

@

17

@

13%

1 1

@

13

10V,@

11

3 % @

5

_

@

38

34

@

30

32

@

34

24

@

30

20

@

28

17

@

22 V»

@3.

’5

.10

@2.

.15

—

@ 1 ,

.75

—

@2.

SO

50

@3

00

. 1 5

@1.

so

.40

@3.

50

HOPS.

Prime to choice . 1(1 @ 19

Common to fair . 19 @ 15

Olds . 5 @ 8

German, 1905 . 30 @ 40

HOTHOUSE GOODS.

Cucumbers, choice, dozen.... 00 @ 75

lettuce, dozen . 20 @ 50

Mushrooms, lb . 15 @ 50

Radishes. 100 hunches . 2.00 @3.00

Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ 15

DRIED FRUITS.

Apnles. evaporated, fancy.... 11

Evap., choice . —

Evnp.. com. to prime . 7

Sun-dried . 4 Y,

Chops. 100 ibs . 3.00

Cores and skins, 100 lbs. . .2.00

Cherries . 14

Raspberries . —

@ 12
@ 1 0 Vn

@ 9%

@ 0%
@3.25
@2.10
@ 15

@ 27

FRESH FRUITS.
Apples. Wiuesap, McIntosh,

Spitz, King, Greening. .. 2. 50 @5.00

Spy . 2.50 @4.50

Baldwin and York . 2.50 @4.00

Pears, Kleffer, bbi . 2.00 @3.00

Grapes, 4-lb. basket . in @ 12

Strawberries, Flu., qt . 50 @ 75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Bermuda . 3.50 @5.50

Long Island, bes-t, 180 lbs.. 2.25 @2.50

State and Jersey . 1.50 @2.25

European, 108 lb. bag . 1.75 @2.00

Sweet potatoes, bbi . 1.50 @2.00

Brussels Sprouts, qt . 5 @ 10

Carrots, bbi . 1.00 @1.50

Cabbage, ton . 14.no @28.00

Celery, dozen . 15 @ 50

Chicory and escarol, bbi.... 3. 00 @4.00

Cauliflowers, bbi . 1.00 @5.00

Kale, bbi . 65 @ 75

Lettuce, %-bbl. basket . 25 @1.00

Onions, white, bbi . 2.50 @5.00

Yellow . 2.00 @2.50

Red . 1.50 @2.25

Green Peas and beans, basket. 1.00 @2.25

Spinach, bbi . 1.00 @1.25

Squash, bbi . 75 @1.00

Turnips, bbi . 50 @1.00

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens . 11 @ 11 1/,

Fowls . 12 @ 12%

Roosters . — @ 8%

Tni-keys . — @ 14"

Ducks, pair . 00 @ 85

Geese, pair . 1.25 @1.75

Pigeons, pair . - - @ 25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkeys. l>est . 18 @ 20

Fair to good . 14 @ 17

Chickens, fancy . - — @ 22

Fair to good . 15 @20

Fowls . 12 @ 14

Ducks . n @ 14

Geese . 11 @ 14

Squabs, dozen . 1.75 @2.50

COU NT It Y-DR E S SED M E A TS.

Calves, prime . — @ 12 1/1

Common to good . 8 @ 12

Pork . 5 %@ 8

Roasting Pigs . 10 @ 12%

FURS.

Black Bear . ....15,00 @20 00

Cults and yeal-IIngs . 5.00 @10.00

Badger . 60 @ 1.00

Otter . 15.00 @20.00

Beaver . 5.00 @ 9.00

Red Fox . 2.00 @ 4.00

Fisher . 6.00 @ 8.00

Wolf, Timber . 3.00 @ 5 00

Wolverine . 0.00 @ 7. 00

Lynx . 5.00 @ 8.00

Wild Cat . 50 @ ■ 80

Marten, dark . 10.00 @25.00

Skunk, black . 1.80 @ 2.00

Half striped . 1.40 @ 1.50

Striped . 65 @ 75

White . 30 @ 35

Raccoon . 00 @ 1.40

Opossum . 15 @ 45

Mink . 3.00 @ 7.00

Muskrat, Winter . 17 @ 18

Fall . 12 @ 14

TOBACCO.

Connecticut broadleaf filler.. 5 @ 10

Wrappers . 35 @ 75

N. Y. State fillers . 5 @ 7

Fine and selections . 20 @ 25

Pennsylvania broadleaf . 7 @ 9

Va. shipping, com. lugs . 6 @ 0 %

Good lugs . 6 */>@ 7

Com. to med. leaf . 7 %@ 10

Good to fine leaf . 11 %@ 12%

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices t.amed are for car lots; single bag
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda, ton . — @52.00

Muriate of Potash . — @42 00

Dried Blood . — @55.00

Kainit . — @12.00

Acid Phosphate . — @14.00

WILD GINSENG.

Northern . 7.00

Western . 0.75

Southern . 0.50

LIVE STOCK.

Steers . 3.50

Calves, veal . 5.00

Sheep . 4.00

Lambs . 6.50

@7.50

@7.00

@0.75

@5.50

@9.25

@5.75

@8.50

A Western Irrigation Problem.

L. (1.. Opilrn, Utah. — I have a piece of
land, about eight acres, that has to be irri¬
gated from a canal. The land is higher
than the level of the water, and in order
to get the water on the land, so it will
flow, it has to be dammed and backed up for
a distance of half a mile or more, and that
causes a great loss to me both in time and
water, because my neighbors’ lands are much
lower than mine, and they get the water
that should he mine. It flows on to their
land by my backing up the water. Can you
tell me the cheapest and best way to raise this
water up about three or four feet? The stream
has very little fall. My share of this water
is one-third the stream for 18 hours once
in eight days. 1 think one-third of the
stream would fill a six-inch pipe, or perhaps
a larger one. How can I raise this amount
of water, say three or four feet, so that the
land may be flooded?

Ans. — There are but two ways open to
L. G. He must either go up the canal
the half mile or so to which he refers, as
the distance the water would set back in
lifting the water with a dam, and lead the
water from there in a private ditch or
flume; or else he must put in a pumping-
plant of some type. If there were a
larger volume of water than your corre¬
spondent indicates that the canal carries a
simple and comparatively inexpensive lift
could be built which would do the work,
provided it would do to raise the water
in the canal 18 inches, so that an effective
fall of this amount could be had to drive
a bucket wheel. Apparently his only
available thoroughly effective method is

to use a centrifugal pump and a small gas¬
oline engine. A 2'/ horse power engine
and a No. 3 centrifugal pump, provided
with a five-inch suction and a four-inch
discharge, would easily raise the amount
of water indicated through a height of
six or eight feet. Such an engine and
pump would cost in' Chicago between $150
and $200. It would be possible to drive
such a pump by horse power, using either
a tread or a sweep power. f. 11. king.

Save the Humus. — On page 758 I no¬
tice advice for freeing land from quack
roots. There is no doubt about the effi¬
ciency of the method. But I do dislike
to have such a practice commended here
in the East. We are constantly urging
farmers to increase organic matter in the
soil, and we all know the immediate
change in production when the soil is
black with humus. The organic matter
in quack roots is worth just as much as
in any other form; and much cheaper, be¬
cause that is there, and the only expense
is the killing. My experience has been
with the most confirmed and chronic
form, upon soil most congenial and natur¬
ally adapted, and while I will not say
we have killed it all out, I do say that
fields that were formerly so filled that
almost nothing else would grow, are now
practically free, I have a field of Al¬
falfa growing clean that had for a previ¬
ous crop as rank quack as one could well
imagine. Please don’t draw the stuff off,
but on the other hand use the heavy disk
harrows weighted, chopping the roots fine,
keeping the soil stirred, and the roots
will soon die, leaving the finest seed bed
conceivable. I would as soon think of
drawing away the organic matter from
my stable manure. Do not permit any¬
thing to leave the soil that will decay.

_ H. E. COOK.

Butter Sticking.— The stickiness of but¬
ler utensils made of wood may be avoided
by washing well in very hot clear water and
scouring well wilh salt. Scald again with
boiling water and let stand awhile with
cold water sprinkled with salt before using.
The washing soda is preferable to soap, but
we never use soaps or alkali on our wooden
utensils, as they absorb an unpleasant soapy
flavor. 'I he salt is quite as efficacious, and
bettor every way. M. P. A

When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

WHEN YOU DRIVE

I)o your hands get cold ?
Let us keep them warm. A
riorot our elegant RUSSIAN
* U H DRIVING
OLOV jbs will do it. Palm soft
and pliable. Hand lined with best
wool fleece, and cuff with best
corduroy. For warmth and hard
wear, this GLOVE has no equal.
Also made in mittens
and one fingered mit¬
tens. Send the whole¬
sale price, $2.50, and
we will express you a
pair, charges paid. If
you are not pleased, re¬
turn them, and we will
r e f u n d the m o n e y.
State size needed and
give your nearest ex¬
press office.

RUSSIAN FUR CO.

Gloversville, N. Y.

WANTED AND FOR SALE.

Newlyweds, Brides and Bridegrooms

Going to start housekeeping? Start it light. Send
for our illustrated catalogue of HOUSEHOLD
ARTICLES. Tilings that you never DREAM HD
existed. A tew cents will make you comfortable ter
life. Include sixteen cents (in stamps) and we will
send you prepaid, our patented brass Chimney Stove.
D. A. del J M A, & Co., Inc., 1104 X, 346 Broadway, N. Y.

MAPLE EVAPORATORS

Most Durable, Most Economical, Cheapest
Syrup Cans and Sap Fails.

McLANE-SCHANCK HDW. CO., LlnesvIIIe, Pa.

Also, Mfrs. of the “Sunlight” Acetylene Gas Machine

| FREE SAMPLE

In order that you may know more about it,
what it is and wkat it will do, I will send any
stockowner upon request, a free sample (fifty
feeds) of .

CRESCENT
STOCK FOOD

tiie best Stock Food made. Acts quicker and
better than any other. Saves time and feed
and adds to your profit.

Send to-day for free sample and prices.

Charles Buchan,

STANLEY, N. Y.

_ _ _ _

r Y T R A LARGE REGISTERED three yearling
LA I IlH Guernsey Bulls for .vile at a bargain.
MARTIN it. GOOD, What Cheer Farm, Narvon, Fa.

FROST

WIRE

FENCE

Made of tiie best hard coiled spring stoel wire. Un¬
equaled for strength and durability. Will last a life¬
time. Send for catalogue and prices. Ayeiita H'anted.
Splendid opportunity rorliusthng farmers. Write for
terms. The Frost Wire Fence Oo., Cleveland, Ohio.

PAGE QUALITY;

Begins In
our fur-

. - n n o e b.

There e where the first tests uro
uiude. Quality of wire first, then
a practical weave. You get both
in Page Fence. Let us tell you
how Fuge-Wire is made, und now
it differs from common fence wire.

’AOK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.

Box 7 0s, Adrian, Midi.

GEO. P. HAMMOND. E ST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN.

GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,

Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Berries.
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms and Hot¬
house Products a Specialty. Consignments solicited"

34 & 30 Little 12th St.. New York.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,'

229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

Game,

1 Poultry

| Musti room*,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House LamusJ

1 Fancy Eggs.

WANTFfl a man for general work in a large peach
" “ I* I LU orchard. Must have experience and
understand spraying, pruning, picking, etc. Good
; opportunity for the right man. Address The
GEORGIA PEACH COMPANY. Society Hill, S. C.

ANTED— A man to work on dairy farm. Good
milker State wages expected. Address

BOX 413, St. Petersburg, Fla.

WAN TED!

A bright energetic young man to represent ns in
his home town. Opportunity for a splendid opening
with a large New York importing house. For partie.
ulars, address

Bunixrs ifc nEED,

209 Hudson St., New Yin k City, N. Y.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Hightstown, N. d. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

ATTENTION- SfoVany kimL

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty,
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

FARMERS, Saw Your Own Wood with the

ADJUSTABLE ROLLER SAW GUIDE,

* the simplest, handiest and

most durable. Best one man
Wood and Log Cutting Out¬
fit ever invented. Can saw
down trees. Parties inter¬
ested, write for full descrip¬
tion and prices.

Vern. Speigle & Co , Delplios, Oliio

Virginia Farms

KRKTC (/ATALOGIIK of Splendid Hm r^uing'
K. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc., Richmond, Va.

$5 TO S20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes. Hay
Grasses, Vegetables, Fine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur
passed. Values increasing, For free literature write

XI- F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville
Tenn. Dept. C.

1905,

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER

921

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

The passing of time brings ns once more
to the season of universal cheer and good
will among mankind. It is a time when
we lose our reverence for the glitter of
wealth and the pomp of pride. We stop
our business cares and social functions
to celebrate the birth of the lowly Nazar-
ene. We are enchanted with the story of
His life, and in it we find the wealth of
happiness and glory of a life devoted to
the service of others. The secret longings
of the soul find comfort and consolation
i-n the examples of 1 1 is meek and humble
spirit, and in this appreciation of higher
ideals we find no inner response to the
vanities and worldly show that often al¬
lure us at other seasons of the year.

The daily newspapers have recently told
us a lamentable story of a prominent
business man He began life poor, as a
mechanic. On forty dollars a month his
patient wife made him a home and reared
his children. By devotion, frugality and
industry she made his home comfortable
and his life happy. Gradually he rose
from one position to another with increas¬
ing revenue, and finally, by taking advan¬
tage of opportunities, he has become im¬
mensely wealthy, and finds himself at the
head of one of the largest and richest in¬
dustrial concerns of the world. He leaves
his country home for a city residence, and
here lie finds a gay life and frivolous com¬
panionship. To the amazement and dis¬
co st of his former friends and the humil¬
iation of his old father and virtuous fam¬
ily, he seeks to abandon his old home, to
cast off the faithful wife of his younger
days, and to take up a new alliance with
a woman of the stage.

With such experiences as this in our
mad rush for wealth it is worth our while
to stop and ask ourselves is it all worth
while. Is it. after all, the accumulation
of wealth or even the cultivation of intel
lect that counts? Let the women of
modest means in the farm home ask them¬
selves if they are not happier than that
abandoned, faithful wife with the million
of dollars her husband proposes to give
her as a reward for her past devotion, a
concession to the law of society, and a
sedative to his unsettled conscience.

Where is there a farmer with the im¬
plements of his industry, his mortgage
and his happy wife and children around
him, whe would exchange his daily toil
and endearments of his family for the
chosen life of this new-made millionaire?

We wish you, our friends and subscrib¬
ers, who share with us in the support
and building up of this paper, material
wealth and prosperity, to the end that
your homes may afford you greater com¬
fort and happiness, but much more, we
wish you an appreciation of those simple
and homely virtues that mirror the
higher ideals of a vigorous manhood and
a virtuous womanhood.

SINGLECOMB WHITE WYANDOTTES

Is there a Single Comb White Wyandotte
strain of fowls? Some were entered at our
fair. I am raising the Rose Comb.

St. Petersburg, Fla.

So far as 1 know there is no such thing
as a “strain of Single Comb White Wyan-
dottes.” The small rose comb is one of the
beauties as well as utilities of the White
Wyandotte, rendering them free from the
liability to have frozen combs, and helping
to make them the best Winter layers that
we have here in the cold North. In Flor¬
ida there would be no advantage in the
double comb, and a strain of Single Comb
White Wyandottes could easily be made,
for all breeders of the rose combs have
occasionally single comb chicks in their
broods. These arc sent to market as
“culls” where a breeder is particular about
the appearance of his flock, and wants to
breed “Standard” birds. The single combs
are never large, like those on Leghorn
and Minorcas, and may be the result of
an inbreeding of the White Plymouth
Rock to increase the size of the Wyan¬
dotte. I don’t knozv that it so, but we
must remember that all of these “Amer¬
ican breeds” are the result of various

crosses, and that there is a constant ten¬
dency to revert to original types.

GEO. A. COSGROVE.

Cement I’osts. In regard to cement fence
posts as discussed upon page 823, I have
known them to stand the strain as “anchor"
posts for three years without showing any
weakness. They were made on the farm at
a cost of a few cents. A notch was made for
a In-ace while the cement was soft. Old
wagon and buggy tires were used to bed in
the cement, which prevents them from break¬
ing off. J. D. 1‘RICKETT.

Arizona.

.Ti ne Trimminc.- Several years ago I trim¬
med some young frees in January. The fol¬
lowing Summer I found (lie wood had been
injured and was dead to the heart. The
next Winter I did a little experimenting.
I trimmed a few trees every month, beginning
with November and ending in June. The
wounds made iti June were the first to
heal over, and those in November and
December were t lie longest in healing.
For this reason I always prune trees in June.
I used to trim grapevines in February, fol¬
lowing the advice of the fathers. I prune
now as soon as the fruit is removed. Try it
on a few vines and see the effect on next
year's crop; first in number of clusters, size
of the clusters and size of berry in the
cluster, compared with adjoining vines
trimmed in February. The ground froze No¬
vember 2!». apparently for Winter. No snow.
Farmers here are thankful not only for tur¬
key but for the best of crops and prices.

Cherry Valley, Ill. s. e. h.

The Busy Hsn
that Fills the Basket

Are your hens workers? Do they have
full, red combs, and do they hustle? If
they are active foragers and lay eggs,
give them Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce a
and they will lay more. If they do not
lay at all, give them Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-a-ce- a and they toon will. Dr. IleBS
Poultry Pau-a-ce-a makes hens lay by
Increasing the digestion, enabling the
organs to extract the largest possible
amount of egg-making material from the
food. In addition to the wonderful
powers of egg production,

DR. HESS
Poultry PAN-A-GE*A

the prescription of Dr. Hess (M. D.,

D. V. B.), cures and prevents cholera,
roup, simple catarrh, and many other
diseases due to indigestion and specific
germs or poisons. This germicidal prin¬
ciple Is peculiar to Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-
a-ce-a. In fact, Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-
ce-a possesses medicinal principles found
In no other preparation. It has the In¬
dorsement of leading poultry associations
In the United States and Canada. Costs
but a penny a day for about 30 fowls, and
1b sold on a written suaruntee.

1J lbs. £5o, mall or X

express 40c. ( Except In Canada

5 lbs. 60c. > and extreme

1 a lbs. * 1.25. ( Westand South.

86 lb. pull #8.60. J

Bend 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48-page
Poultry Book jfree.

DR. HESS A CLARK,
Ashland, Ohio.

Instant Louse Killer Kills Lice.

EATONS
lifllECHICM

mtiooi) rii.vtsviTTOon
hilRIi GKAINSON'A

. — MAK'JfACTUBfD K8 ~ .

"OSttXil, xv. :-c.

Has no
Eigual .

Start

Right

and

Raise

Your

Chicks ,

Free

Sample,

MENTION
THIS PAPER.

MRS. WIHSLOW’S

SOOTKINQ SYRUP

has been used by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. 1
i It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays I
i all pain, cures wind colic, and Is tho best- (
. remedy for diarrhoea.

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.

PISOS CURE FOR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good,
if Use in time. Sold by druggists.

CONSUMPTION

H" Darling’s Laying Food. >1

Your trouble is to pret eprprs at riprht timo. One dozen now is worth three dozen In June.

Feeding is everything. We’ve solved tho problem in out egg producing mash.

MAKES EGGS COME.

Scientifically prepared to accomplish the one result, most ogtjs ot loast coal In cold wealhor. It does tho work.
Price, *2.(10 per 100 pound bag. f. o. b. Chicago or New York . each wlili order. Also the following Darling
Standard Foods in 100 pound bags on same terms: Scratching Food 82. Off, Forcing Food 12.00, Clilck Feed *2.50,
Mica Crystal Grit 65o Oyster Shells 60c. Also Beef Scraps. Beef Meal and Bone products. In short, a complete
line of Poultry Foods and Supplies. Get onr 1905-6 Poultry Supply Catalog. Mailed free. Address nearest office.

Bo* 08, Long I Island City, DARLING & COMPANY, Bo* 68. Union Slock Yard.

YOU WANT EGGS

— Lots of them, feed green bone fresh cut, rich in protein and all other egg elements. Gefctwico
the eggs, more fertile eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.

MANN’S LAT^;eM°cutLtEb 10 Days Free Trial,

Makes bone cutting simple, easy and rapid. Try it and see. Open hopper, automatic feed. Cuts
all bone with adhering moat and gristle. Never clogs. Don’t buy until you try it. "at’ig free

F. W. MANN CO., Box 15 Milford, Mass.

n

WOMAN WANTS

The butter and egg money uAnr
is a big item to the farmer’s ITlUrlb

A . E00S

egg production by feeding tUUd

'linrvcy’s Mixed Grains

-a combination of cereals specially suited I
to poultry, with 7 years of success behind it. I
A Money-Saving Catalogue Free.

HARVEY SEED CO., 83 ELLICOTT ST., BUFFALO, M. Y. U

Q flail ■jf Q wioooooeooo

rUUL I K Ye^s^l

l POULTRY LINE- Fencing, Feed, Incu-I
I bators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— .
fit’s our business. Call or let us send you.
jour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the J
^asking — it's worth having. <

(Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

I Dep H. G. 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. (

oooooooooooooocoooooooooc <

Big Profits in Capons

Capon i zing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit with
free instructions postpaid
$2.50. Capon Book Free.

0E0. P. PILLING & SON

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

[CAPON

TOOLS

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.

We have a choice lot of early-batched W. H. Tur-
kevs at $4 each, both young Tonis and Hens. B. F.
WRIGHT, Route 23. Kansomville, Niagara Co., N. Y.

Choice W. Holland and Buff Turkeys.

HARRY PROUTY, Cumberland, Ohio.

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS,

White Plymouth Ttoek and 8. C. White
Leghorns, both sexes. Also, Dttroc
Jersey Hogs and Hereford Cattle, registered.
Address, ASHLAND STOCK FARM, Camden, O.

LARGE

For Sale— Fox and Rabbit Hounds.

Choice PUPS now ready to
MELVIN THOMAS, R. F.
Saratoga, County, N. Y.

ship for $5.00 each.
D. No. 1, Wayville,

LIVE DA RRITQ WANTED,

WILD ITV D C3 I I Large numbers.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich St., New York

RAPRPn HUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

D/VIvIvLU, Rocks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $3.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Penna.

Registered angora goats.— Pairs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information
MELROSE STOCK FARM, Cincinna

jincinnatus, N. Y.

Mfjlirpo FOR SQUAB BREEDING— JUMBO,

nUIYItnO $1 per pair. Extra largo and very prolific
breeders. Send for free pamphlet. PROVIDENCE
SQUAB CO., 772 Hope Street, Providence, R. T.

Healthy Mated Homers, 85c. pair. Pheasants, Pea¬
cocks, Quail, Ferrets. Standard Poultry, Indian Runner, Mallard
Ducks, 90c, setting, stamp. KURD. SUDOW , Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

FOR SALE

MALE ANl» FE
MALE ELK at

The Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Michigan.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Winners at N, Y. State Fair, 1904-05. Trios, $5. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5.00 per 100. Catalogue
free. C. H. ZIMMER, R. I). 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

[JARRED ROCK COCKERELS, Ringlet strain,
good ones $1.50 to $3.00 each, if ordered soon.

J. W. COX, Now Wilmington, Pa.

ROSE Comb B. Leghorns exclusively; pure bred
cockerels at reasonable prices, thrifty and farm
range. I. C. HAWKINS, Chester, N. Y.

10

BLUE RIBBON

Strain of choice Plymouth Rocks. Fine Barred Pullot-
bred Cockerels for sale. Also, pairs, trios, and breed¬
ing pens. H. C. HAND, Amagansett, N. Y.

Vara Poultry, Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Oats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. 60 p. book. 10c
Rates free. J A .BEUGEY.Box8,Telford,Pa,

Berkshire pigs $5 up, pairs not related . W. H. turkeys,
B. Orpington cockerels, B. R. Pullets and cockerels,
female collie pups. Stock pure. Bothers, (Lack, Pa.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Matings not akin.
Descriptive circulars on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg:, Pa.

SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Clrc. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa,

CholceStock for Sale.— Kooks. Wyandottes, Leghorns
Minorcas, Turkeys, Ducks andGuineas. Also Lice
Killing Nest Eggs. Sample mailed 5c.: dozen. 50c.
Agents wanted. Pino Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J.

are raised in one month:
bring big prices. Money vrzcrz
makers for poult ry men, <

gSQUABS makers for poultrymen,

dVF^Send for our Free Book and learn this
V' 4 rich industry. Correspondence invitedffffft

• Plymouth Rock Squab Co., r®7
335 Howard St., Melrose, j

LIFE PRODUCERS

SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS.

LIFE PRESERVERS

SUCCESSFUL BROODERS.

"The only machines that rival the mother

— — - hen. Incubator and Poultry Catalogue

FREE. Booklet, "Proper Care and Feeding Small Chicks,
Ducks and Turkeys," 10c. 50c poultry paper one year, 10c.

_ — ../Mur-r m/silBlTnO CAUDAMV

—

■'N Racine

Incubator

The simple, sure, dependable kind. Used by
thousands of successful poultrymen and women.

Our free Incubator
Book tells about them
— tells how to. make
poultry pay, 24 years
experience. Don’t buy
until youread it. Ware¬
houses; Buffalo, Kansas
City , St. Paul. Address

^acbieHatcherCo^Bo^SLRachie^Hg

ON THE FARM

Nothing you can buy
will pay for itself
quicker and be a
source of satisfaction
longer than a

1906 SURE HATCH
INCUBATOR

America’s finest, most used and most

I successful chick hatcher.

I DOES THE WORK better than the
old hen. Bound to hatch everywhere
and at all times, Winter or Summer —

I North, South, East or West. 80,000 sold
in 8 years. Over 20,000 sold last season.
Made of finest materials; best workman¬
ship. Good enough for a lifetime. Fully
guaranteed. Costs you nothing if, in
your hands it can’t pay for itself with
one hatch.

Prices $7.50 up, freight prepaid to your
station. Send postal today for big free
catalogue and poultry manual.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.

Box 445, Clay Center, Neb. Dept.l4> Indianapolis, Ind,

INCUBATORS

HATCH OKKATKST M’MKKK
OF FINKS T CHICKS.

BROODERS

HAVE NEVER BEEN KQUA l.ED

FIDELITY FOOD

FOR FOWLS AND CHICKS.

Used everywhere by practical poultrymen and
specialists fanciers with unfailing success. Insures
perlect health and promotes rapid growth,

Concise Catalogue from

PINELAND INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.,

Dox D.D., Jamesburg, N. J., U. S. A.

PINELAND

The Natural
Incubator

is the incubator of right air con.
ditions — Natural because it most
nearly approaches Nature’s way. No poison¬
ous gases to stifle chicks. Walls of hard glazed
compressed paper board, (such as is used for
car-wheels) making the lightest, strongest, most
durable incubator in the world. Walls CAN¬
NOT WARP, CRACK NOR SPLIT, as all oth¬
ers Jo. Compound heater; perfect regulator;
no supplied moisture required.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT
to all points east of the Mississippi. Don’t buy
an incubator until you get out Free Catalog.

Porpotual Hen Co., Manufae- Incubators & Brooders,
21 EscherSt., ‘m.rsof Trenton, N. J.

$ I 0-80 For
I mm 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog’ to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.

THE LANGWORTHY SPAVIN CURE,

The Cure that CUKES, has made thousands of
dollars for owners of lame horses hy making them
sound. Sent post-paid to any part of the World on
receipt of Two Dollars. Guaranteed to cure the
worst cases of SPAVIN, RINGBONE, SUI.INT,
Etc., or money refunded. Send for circulars,
LEWIS BROS., Proprietors, Jordan, N. Y.

922

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 23,

Live Stock and Dairy

COW WITH INDIGESTION.

A fine Jersey became sick from eating
peas. We gave her several doses of Glau¬
ber's salts, and injections every hour for
a day (warm salt water), but that night
she died. We held post mortem and found
that the peas had swollen in her first
stomach before the cud had been chewed,
and she could not get them back to chew,
Give any information you may have on the
subject, and let us know if you know of
anything that would have saved the cow's
life. F. <;. m.

North Carolina.

Salts are very good to unload the
stomach and bowels during steady feeding,
but where there has been an over- feed of
grain, raw linseed oil should be given in
quite large doses, say about two or three
quarts to the cow and about one-half
of that to the horse, to check the grain
from swelling and causing inflammation.
It is my opinion that the warm salt water
injections did more harm than good, as
they may have caused acute inflamma¬
tion of the bowels. Instead of telling
how to save the dead cow’s life 1 will tell
what to do with the next horse or cow
that gets an over-feed of grain. If you
do not have the oil at the time do not
wait, but give one or two quarts of lard.
Then get the raw oil and give that
just the same. If a horse lead him
around a few minutes every hour
for about 10 or 12 hours, and then
place in a box stall, as it takes about 20
hours for the oil to act. After you have
given the oil, five a quart or two of
water at a time if the animal wants it.
In case of a cow and she is bloating place
a stick in her mouth for a few minutes at
a time by passing a rope from one end
over the head to the other end of the
stick. M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

THE " BALKY HORSE” PROBLEM.
Divert His Attention.

A man to be master of a nervous or sullen
horse must first be master of himself. To
fly In a passion and shout and beat a horse
is disastrous to all hope of reform in the
animal ; the man must first reform. Most
balky horses will give you notice in advance
of their intention to balk. This should never
be noticed by the driver in a way to adver¬
tise the fact to the horse. In other words,
never let a balky horse know or think that you
expect him to balk and- are making prepara¬
tions for that event. lie will certainly balk
if you do. Given that he has advertised his
intention, stop him in an easy and natural
manner and busy yourself about something
which will attract his attention, when after
a few minutes he will have forgotten his pur¬
pose and will go along. If he is actually
“stalled” go in front of him. take hold of the
cheek piece * of the bridle close down to the
bit, and violently swing him from side to side,
making him step “cross legged.” This will
start more balky horses than any other meth¬
od. In one instance where all ordinary means
failed with a veteran balker, I gathered a
quantity of small stones, and without a word
as to my intentions began throwing them so
as to strike the body sharply. After a few
minutes she concluded that a change of places
would be to her advantage, and accordingly
moved on. For a day or two I went loaded
with pebbles, but had occasion to use only a
few. I kept that mare for a time and never
owned a surer starter or puller in any place
than she. In one instance I Sound a
small cord tied tightly around the base of
one ear an effective cure. My explanation of
the use of the cord to an inquisitive observer
was : “The mare allows what I say to her to
go In one ear and out the other. By tying
one ear she retains it in her head.” It is
apparent that the same treatment will not
cure all cases alike, but there is one general
rule to be observed. Do something, decent
and human, to divert the horse from his balky
Intention. Ingenuity and patience will con¬
quer where brute force will fail.”

Connecticut. h. s. davis.

Rule By Kindness.

I am a firm believer in kindness in the
training of horses or other domestic animals.
About 40 years ago a horse trainer by the
name of Rockwood drove into town a pair of
spirited high-headed Morgan horses, without
reins or bridles. He carried a long whalebone
whip without a lash, with which he guided
and controlled them. He drove them up and
down a wide street, in all gaits from a walk
to a smart run. After showing them off he
proposed to teach anyone how to get com¬

plete control of a horse without any whipping
whatever. The writer attended his lecture
and was convinced that all horses could be
made to obey by his treatment. All he used
to get control of a horse was a cord the size
of a clothesline noosed over the jaw. then
passed over the neck, and back through the
noose in the jaw. He handled the worst
horse that could be produced with perfect
success; used no whip and spoke low and
kindly and smothered the head and neck with
"good boy,” etc. All this confirmed my belief
in kindness to get the best there was in a
horse. The best horse I ever owned came
into my possession because she would not
stand to be harnessed. I had no trouble
after the second trial. She proved the safest
and knew the most of many I have owned.

Rhode Island. i. r. wilrerson.

Do Not Abuse Him.

On page 770 II. of Oregon asked If his
horse could be made to work. This brought
one some very good suggestions on page 773.
Criticism was offered for one of the sugges¬
tions, and if the writer had continued and
criticised the use of the club it would have
been equally as applicable, but instead of
that he goes on and gives advice equally as
bad when he suggests the placing a slip-
noose on the under jaw and advises “yank¬
ing” them, according to their stubbornness.
It might be well for the writer to turn back
to page 773 and read where Mr. Wolfe says
that a horse's mouth is as sensitive as a
telephone receiver, and if the driver becomes
“panicky" or nervous he imparts it to his
horse. I know this advice is one of the old-
fashioned ways to break a colt to lead and
many times one that gets them so afraid of
their heads that they will break everything
that they are hitched with, and another one
of the old-fashioned ways to break a horse
from pulling was to place a rope under the
tail and hitch him with the same rope; this
was a very good way to make a kicker of the
horse, and I trust that no one will ever try
either of them. Now I will try to tell yon
how to teach a coll or horse to lead or break
them from the habit of pulling. Take about
25 or 30 feet of almost any kind of small
rope and place the two ends together and then
tie a knot in the rope about four or five feet
from the loop end, then throw the loop over
the hips, having the knot come where the
back-pad comes and the loop a little below
where the breeching comes ; then pass each
end of the rope through the halter at each
side of the neck, and it will be found that
one hand will lead most of them and it will
be found a very good way to hitch a puller,
but it should be remembered that the rope
should be much longer if one wish to lead a
balky horse if he is put on three legs.

M. D. WILLIAMS, D. V. S.

Massachusetts.

Leader of School of Little Fishes:
“Come on, fellers, let’s go and jolly the
old octopus.” New Little Fish : ‘‘That’ll
be fun. How do you do it?” “Oh, we all
get around him, and point our fins at him
and yell ‘Trust!’ It makes him crazy.” —
Smart Set.

LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIRES

Imported. Pedigreed.

FOP CAI F-Youne stock sired by Boar im-
I LM\ 0/TL.L. ported from England last Fall.
Mothers from-the bestOanadian and English families.
Both sexes, 4 to 12 weeks old.^^ CT
Mated not akin . 93 cdOll,

Write for particulars.

BEAVER LODGE, Ransomville, N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES

Eng. bacon

hog. Pigs of all ages from Imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM. Rochester. Mich.

|| Lincoln and Leicester

UU I V WW ULUi Rams; also a few Cotswold
ewes. L. R. KUNEY, Adrian, Michigan.

CUQnDQUIQE DAUQ Prize winners. Im-
onnuromnc nHIYlOi ported and home bred.
Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse, N. Y.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVB
Half the Cost — with the c

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Sieves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. 93- Send for oirculars.

V. R. SPERRY & GO.. Batavia, Ill.

MIX YOUR OWN STOCK
/"■ FOOD

When you buy ready mixed stock
foods you pay at the rate of $2.r>0 per
ton for bran meal and other Ingredients. Upon request T
will send you, ABSOLUTELY FRKE, a prescription for
making your own stock food. It will be far better and cost
you far less than anv theron vhe market to-day. A postal
card will bring this free prescription. Dr. S. H. Kent.
Veterinary Surgeon, No. 104 Market Street, Cadiz, Ohio.

MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY

DONT
LET
HIM
SUFFER

SEND
TO-DAY
AISOLUTELV
PURE

ONLY POSITIVE

AND

PERMANENT

'INERAL HEAVE

fii Fourth Avenue.

$3 PACKAGE

will cure any case'

or your money will be
refunded.

$1 PACKAGE will

cure ordinary cases.

Bent post paid on
receipt of price.

AGENTS WANTED ,

REMEDY COMPANY

1*1 T T 8 B C R (1 II V A.

Dr. Holland’s Medi¬
cated Stock Salt

has no rival as a Conditioner and
Worm Destroyer. A true remedy
for the ills of stock. Health, Thrift
and Rapid Growth are the results
of its use. Guaranteed to accom¬
plish what is claimed for it. Ten
(10) feeds for a cent.

T1IK HOLLAND STOCK RBJIEDY
COMPANY, WELLINGTON, OHIO.
Write for Booklet. AimitR tVanteW

NBWTON’H Heave, Cough, Dis¬
temper and Indlgestlou Cure.

A veterinary specific for wind,
throat and stomach troubles.
Strong recommends, fl.00 per
can, of dealers, or Exp. prepaid.

TheNewton KemedyCo.,
Toledo, Ohio*

A Lad j can hold him.

of the BEERY Bit
TOUR BITS IN ON £

Cure# Kickers, Runaways. Pullers,
Shyers, etc. Send for Bit on Ten
Days* Trial and circular showing
the four distinct ways of usiner it.
Prof. J.Q, Beery, Pleasant 11111, Ohio.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,
Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, and
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light, odor less and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, and our shipping tags and
instructions bo as to avoid mistakes.
We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, Galloway and other fur
coats and robes. Prices giv.n in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY,
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

FUR ROBES, COATS, MITTENS

at first cost. Ship us your cattle, horse, mule and
animal skins. We tan and manufacture to order. Soft,
pliable, wind, water and moth proof. Samples free.
Galloway coats and robes for sale at wholesale prices.

Milford Robe & Tanning Co. .Milford, Indiana

COTTAGE GROVE STOCK FARM

has for sale Jersey Cattle, Poland-China Swine and
Oxford Down Rains. Address,

S. E. GILLETT, Proprietor, Ravenna, Ohio.

Breeders’ Directory

KENTUCKY JACKS

JA AND STALLIONS.

One hundred head of

"WHBt Jacks, Jennets, Saddle
t )y and Trotting Stallions,

for sale reasonable,

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.
Branch barn, Marion, Kansas.

FOR SALE

Registered Jersey calves of both sexes, well bred, solid
colored and good individuals. One bull fit for service.

J. GRANT MOKSE,

Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 80005 farrowed June 12. are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N. Y.
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry's Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop. Marbledale, Conn.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64-page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of cattle.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

THE BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF

holstein-friesians

are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. A'jmals of both sexes
ai.d all ages to offer at prices that will please you.^
A special offer on some nicely bred Bcll Cat.ves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

BPIIIjXj farm

Holstein Cattle.

Home of Lord Netherland DeKol. Great sire of high
testing butter cows. He has 34 A. R. O. daughters.
High class stock at prices that will make you a profit.
Let us quote you prices on anything you may need.

E. C. BRILL, Pougliquag, N. Y.

HILLHURST FARM HOLSTEINS

Premier sire, Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol Jr.,
35135. The greatest Butter Bred Bull of the breed.
Royally bred; large producing. Cows and Heifers
bred to above Bull at astonishingly low prices.
BULL CALVES AT FARMERS’ PRICES.

Write for pedigrees and photographs,
RIVENBURG BROS., ONEIDA, N.Y.

ICHLAWN FARM

HIGH CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

F. P. KNOWLES, Auburn, Mass.

BULLS IN SERVICE.

Canary Mercedes’ Son, whose dam, Canary
Mercedes, has an official record of 25 lbs. 2 oz. Butter
in 7 days. Her milk averaging 4.92 per cent butter
fats and 4.5 per cent fat for 30 days. Her milk, and
that of her five daughters, three of them with records
over 20 lbs. all in official tests averaging 4.15 per cent
butter fats.

Oakland Sir Nanette, whose dam, granddam and
sire's dam have official butter records that averaged
22 lbs., and whose milk averaged 4.27 per cent fats.
Write for information and prices on choice animals.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raise;
five years. Prices moderate.

W. W. CHENEY,

—Shorthorn Cattle and
Tunis Sheep. W. I.
WOOD, Williamsport, 0.

1 alfalfa for the past
Write promptly.
Manlius, New York.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

Spring and fall litters of EZITT and HIGHCLERE
strains, for sale. B. E. HUNT, Reading Centre, N. Y.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

FOR SALE.

REG. 0. 1. C, SWINE

place. CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowviile, N. Y.

OA PIGS, August and September farrow,
■ I ■ Vi also mature sows. Bred and registered ;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITMER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, BcrKshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. aDd older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg
Holsteins. Heifers, Bulls and Cows
inCalf. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun, Chester Co., Pa.

■ — — — ' T T — -

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Ang. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock ; prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N. Y.

DEDlfCUIDE CntUC A few f?ood ones

DCVUVOninC OUTTOl cheap from my im¬
ported boar and well bred dams. R. F. SHANNON,
907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

FOR SALE CHESHIRES;

SOWS bred, PIGS either sex, also BARRED
ROCK COCKERELS.

G. E. SMITH, CASTILE, NEW YORK.

From choice A. U. O. Dams, and by such sires as
Beryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manor
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters r,s they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices or
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

STAR FARM HOLSTEINS

CHATTEL MORTGAGE SALE!

J» it
it it

1 have recently bought a large herd of registered
Holsteins, some at chattel mortgage sale at a
great bargain. I can quote these prices:

Registered H. F. cows, value $100, my price, $75

. , ” $125, ” ” iilOO

, ” $150, ” ” i 1125

, ” $175, ” ” iil50

” ’ ” ”, ” $200, ” ” $175

Registered service bulls, value $100, my price,

$60 to $75.

270 Head to select from 270

A n n Milk from herd tested over 4?S A 0 n n
*r|Ji ui fat for the past season. *•>* p. u.

Handsome illustrated circulars sent free.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
or pedigree, description and prices.

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.

If you are going ~TT | 1 | BULL, and will write ns

to buy a M 1 M 1 " A J. just what yon want, we will

send full pedigrees and descriptions, together with prices that will convince you that we have high-class
animals at low prices. The Stevens Brothers-Hastings Company,

BROOKSIDE HERD. Lacona, Oswego Co., N. Y.

LAFAYETTE STOCK FARM,

LAFAYETTE, INDIANA.

J. CROUCH & SON, Proprietors

Largest Importers of Oldenburg German Co.aeh, Pereheron and Belgian
Stallions in America. Have Imported 357 head in the last fifteen months.
We won all possible prizes shown for and Grand Championship with
our German Coachers and Belgians at the Lewis & Clark Exposition,
. Portland, Oregon, at the American Royal Live Stock Show, Kansas City

Missouri, and at the Toronto Exposition at Toronto, Canada, and all the leading State Fairs and Horse
Shows in the United States in the last two years. We have the prize winners of the world and our prices
are no higher than others. Write us for further information. J. CROUCH & SON, La Fayette,
Indiana, Staunton, Vi-ginia and Nashville, Tennessee.

We have just receiv d in our Barns from Europe, 100 Head of HIGH CLASS GERMAN
COACH, PERCHERON and BELGIAN STALLIONS.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

923

HOG LICE AND DISHORNED CALVES

IIow eau I get clear of hog lice — that is,
to clean them from a pen entirely? Do they
harm hogs very much? What is the acid
treatment for dishorning calves? What kind
of acid and how old should the calf be?

Pluckemin, N. J. G. M. H.

I have tried about everything that has
been, or is used to get rid of lice on hogs.
One of the main elements necessary for
success is persistence on the part of the
owner or herdsman. One application of
any remedy can hardly accomplish the
work. It is recommended by some to
clean out the nests thoroughly, as well as
to give the hogs an application of some
lice killer. Besides thoroughly cleaning
out the houses, they should be white¬
washed on the sides, and the floors well
saturated with the remedy used on the
hogs. The best remedy I ever used was
crude coal oil or petroleum. This will
stick to the animals till worn off, and also
stick to every louse it touches till lie
ceases to breathe. It is claimed that the
crude oil will destroy the eggs. I do not
know bow true this is. but to be sure of a
clean job, would make a second applica¬
tion of the oil a week or 10 days after the
first. This, if well done, will make a fin¬
ish of all the lice. If crude oil cannot be
had coal oil and buttermilk, well mixed,
will kill all the lice it touches. The coal
oil sometimes when used alone injures, the
skin, especially if used in the morning and
tiie hogs arc out in the sun during the
day. Used in the evening, it will not have
this effect. The dips made from a distil¬
lation of coal tar used as directed by the
manufacturers are excellent for this pur¬
pose, but they evaporate most too cpiickly,
and on this account require more frequent
application. Uice are always a detriment
to the thrift of swine. Often they get so
numerous that they are a positive in¬
jury, causing ill health and death from
disease.

As to the best method of dishorning
calves, T have just talked with a farmer
who has dishorned thousands of cattle,
and also had experience with young
calves. This is his story: “Lunar caustic
rubbed on the button as soon as it starts
will destroy the horn growth. Lewis lye
made into a paste and rubbed on will ac¬
complish the same thing. But I do not
like to use either, as they make a mean
sore that takes a long time to heal. My
preference is to allow the calves to get
about one year old. and then dishorn with
a saw. which is better than clippers, as
the wound heals quicker. Another point
not often thought of — calves dishorned so
young often make the meanest butters
imaginable. They will butt anything com¬
ing in their way, from a horse to a hog.
Tf not dishorned till about one year old
all this tendency to butt drops away with
the horn, and they never learn it after¬
wards.” JOHN M. JAMISON.

GETTING HENS READY FOR WINTER

The best breeds of poultry for the year
round I think are the Buff and White Leg¬
horns; they lay more eggs in a year than
any other breed I know, and are small
eaters. They should have plenty of floor
space and plenty of litter, so that they must
work and keep busy, and if the weather is
fair let them run where they want to hut
if it is \ery stormy, rainy, or snow on the
ground 1 keep them in the poultry house, hut
then they should he kept busy.

Pennsylvania. John a. both.

My hens are allowed to run on free range
till the first snow and cold weather sets in,
when 20 hens or pullets and one good lively
male bird are put in each pen 12 by 12 feet
square, eight feet high in front and five feet
high at the hack. The floors of the pens are
kept covered with eight to 10 inches of good
dry straw. The roosts are in the hack part
of each pen, three feet from the floor, and
the dropping hoards are one foot below the
roosts, so there is no room wasted for I
roosts. The pens are separated by partitions
three feet high and poultry netting above
the hoards to the ceiling. In the front of
each pen I have one double window, and the
nest boxes are tacked on the wall in any
convenient place. 1 have found April .
hatched pullets to he the best for Winter |
laying. I reject all that are under size or ,
unpromising in other ways, and feed my |
layers as follows : Morning, two quarts of
oats and wheat for each pen scattered in the
straw on the floor, which keeps them busy
hunting all day. Noon, green stuff (cab¬
bage, beets, etc.) Night, a mash composed'

of one part wheat bran, two parts ground
oats and one part cornmeal, to which is
added a little animal meal, mixed with
enough water to make a stiff mash. Of
course I have water, grit and oyster shell
before the stock at all times, and I give them
a feed twice a week of beef scrap. By this
way of handling stock I have them all lay¬
ing by December 15, and averaging 10 eggs
a day from each pen. e. franklin kean.

Stanley. N. Y.

In selecting pullets for Winter layers we
take those that mature early and discard the
ones that are backward and slower growing
than the others of the same hatch, for
there is apt to be something the matter with
them which would prevent their being profit¬
able layers. We allow six square feet floor
space to each hen and have found it more
profitable than where less is allowed. This
with the Leghorns has* proved to l>e about
right, where they cannot get out of doors
from December to April. With the heavier
and larger breeds I think it is advised to
allow six to eight feet floor space, and this
is a point in favor of the Leghorns. We feed
liberally a variety of grains with plenty of
beef scraps, and are in no danger of get¬
ting the Leghorns over fat, for they turn
their food into eggs, if it is of the right kind
and contains but little corn. It will pay
well to do everything possible for the com¬
fort of the hens this Winter, for the present,
outlook points to the highest-priced eggs we
have yet seen. c. h. zimmer.

Weedsport. N. Y.

In picking out my layers for the Win¬
ter, if fowls I first get the birds that arc
through with their moult, also the bright¬
est looking, with as red combs as possible,
rejecting those that are not through moulting.
I feed a ration of meat at least three times
a week, by mixing bran, meal aud about one-
tenth meat together, feeding dry, or cooking
potatoes or turnips, beets, or something of
that sort, using one- third to one-half of the
bulk with the usual amount of meat, mixing
as dry as can well be mixed with some bran
and cornmeal. In the absence of the vege¬
tables we use clover meal, mixing with boil¬
ing water; in about the same proportion,
feeding what they will eat clean. We usual¬
ly alternate the above feeds once a day, using
grain food the other feed, letting them have
the liberty of the yards whenever the
weather is good. If snow is on the ground
and the weather not too severe, we let them
in the covered yard, which we have with each
house. If the weather is too severe keep
them in the house, which is 12 by 15 for 20
to 25 fowls, according to the size. If se¬
lecting pullets, if not already laying, get
those that are the most developed, with the
best egg type, and with good care you will
soon get a good supply of eggs.

New Jersey. d. a. mount.

Dust Spraying. — After having tested the
dust spray my experience with it is not very
satisfactory, and I intend to try water
spray next season again. Perhaps I did not
do it right. It is quite evident that the
trees should be very wet when the dust is
applied, and some seasons there is not wet
enough for weeks. Sometimes when there
is a heavy dew and one might think the trees
were wet, in fact the bushes and grass will
be wet. even after a shower the breeze dries
out the trees so quickly I hardly think dust
spray is practical here. a. r. b.

Dexter, Me.

WILDER'S

SELF-ADJUSTING STEEL LATCH

stanchion meets the demand for a safe,
strong, convenient fastening— one that af¬
fords the cow perfect freedom when stand¬
ing or lying down. A stanchion operated
without removing your gloves or mittens.
Made of hard wood; does not chill animals
in cold weather. A happy combination of
utility, cow comfort and cleanliness. Holds
cattle securely for dehorning. Hung on
pins or chains as desired. Illustrated
catalogue and prices free.

WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT CO.
Box 20 Monroe, Mich.

STANCHION

CHAIN-HANGING

CATTLE STANCHION

The Most Practical
CATTLE FASTENER
ever invented.
Manufactured and for
sale by

O. H. ROBERTSON,.
Worestvllle. Conn.

WARRINER’S

HOLDS THE
ANIMALS AS
FIRMLY
AS RIGID
STANCHIONS

TV B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., I'orestville.Coun.

$20 1 .00 in Prizes and 2 Silver Medals

WON ON BUTTER MADE FROM

GATHERED CREAM

SEPARATED BY

U. S. CREAM SEPARATORS

•* Richmond, Quebec, Sept. 28, 1905.

I am pleased to advise you that my butter which was made
from gathered cream at the Kingsey Creamery, of which I „rn
proprietor, was awarded $201.00 in Prizes at the different
Expositions of this season.

The first of these was the Sherbrooke Exposition, where I
received the Eastern Townships Bank Prize of $75.00 for the
best exhibition of creamery butter, and also the Medal for the
highest score in points.

At the Toronto Exposition I received Two First Prizes and
One Second Prize, and tied with another Quebec Creamery for
the Silver Cup offered for the highest s~v.re in points, with the
result that we were both awarded a Silvei Medal, also a Diploma,
for the highest score instead of the Cup.

At the Ottawa Exhibition I received One First Prize and One
5econd Prize.

I also took the First Prize at both the Richmond and Drum¬
mond County Fairs.

Last year I was awarded $11 2.00 in Prizes and a Gold Medal.
I believe this record cannot be equalled by any other Creamery
In this Province or in the Dominion of Canada, and think this
speaks well for the quality of butter made from gathered
cream, 90 per cent of which was separated by the
farm sizes of United States Cream Separators.

E. W. EVANS.’*

Out free Catalogue tells why it will fay every farmer to
skim his milk with a U. S. Separator. Write for a copy now.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO.

BELLOWS FALLS, VT.

18 centrally located distributing warehouses throughout tha
United States and Canada 435

DE LAVAL CREAM
CHURNS MOST BUTTER

To secure all the profits from yonr milk you
must first save all the cream. That means using a

De Laval Cream Separator.

Secondly, you must produce cream which will
churn out the most and best butter. This again
requires the use of a DE LAVAL machine.
DE LAVAL cream is smooth and even and con¬
tains no fibrous matters to hinder the gathering of
the butterfat particles in churning as in the case
of gravity skimmed cream. If you are selling your
cream, the smoother and more chumabie it is the
higher will be the price paid for it If you are
making and marketing your butter at home, the
more you are able to churn from your cream the more
you will have to sell. To bring about these results
you must use a DE LAVAL SEPARATOR.

Gravity skimmiug wastes a large part of the
butter. Other separators prevent one-half this
waste. A DE LAVAL machine will step it all.
Why it does so is best explained in our illustrated
catalogue sent free upon request. Write for it
today.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR GO.

7 4 CCRTLANDT ST.

NEW YORK

Randolph 4 Canal Sts.

CHICACO

go Dream Separator

WE TRUST YOU 30 DAYS.

WHEN YOU WRITE f*r our
free Cream Separator Cata¬
logue we will aend you a won¬
derful offer, by which you can
take our very best separator
on one month’s free trial on
credit. Send no money to us,
deposit no money with any
one, pay nothing when you
get It (we trust you abso¬
lutely), use the separa¬
tor one month, put It to
every test, at the end of
one month If you find It
skims closer, runs easier,
is easlerto operate, skims
colder milk, does better
work and Is in every way
better than any other sep¬
arator you ever saw,
t en you pay us for it; If
not, send It back to us at
our expense of freight
charges, and you are not out one
cent, and you have had the use of
the separator free of any cost or
money deposit for thirty days, on free open account,
full credit trial. Wo let you be the judge In every par¬
ticular. We accept your decision without question of
any kind and without expense to you.

CUT THIS ADVERTISEMENT OUT and mall to ua or
on a postal card or in a letter say, “Send me your Free
Separator Catalogue” and our 3 Big Separator Cata¬
logues, our latest offer, all will go to you free by return
mall, postpaid. Write today sure. Address,

SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

^harP,eS

fj TUBULAR

CREAM SEPARATORS

21 POUNDS MORE
BUTTER PER WEEK

Barnesville, Ohio, June 20, 1905: We
were milking ten cows May 19. That
day we took a Tubular separator for

trial. We used It one week and
got 86 pounds of butter tliat
week. The week before we used
it, we got only 65 pounds. The week
after the agent took it away we got
only 64 pounds. We felt we ought
to have it. Later we arranged to buy
it. We recommend the Tubular to
anyone interested in cows. It surely
will pay any one to buy a Tubular.

(Signed) Lona and C. W. Acton.
Write for catalog Y-153. It explains
fully.

THE SHARPIES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

TORONTO, CAN. CHICAGO, ILL.

THU

um

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.
BUSH PLOW and HARROW

Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
foot deep. Connects sub¬
soil water. Can plow a
newly cut forest, stump,
bush or bog land.
CZAltK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUTAWAY Moves 18,000
\ Tons of Earth in a Day.
IB Send for Circulars.

‘/HIQQANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

Climax Carrier.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bln to manger, carries manure from all
stablings to same pile or dumps oa wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

ICE PLOWS

and ICE TOOLS.

Write for Discounts.

H. Pray, North Clove. N .Y .

ICE

CUTTING V"7

Hade
In Three
SUe*.

with

DORSCH AH Steel, Double-
Bow ICE PLOWS. Mark, aud
vats two row. at a time ; out. any size cake
aod any depth, and doe. it with ease and economy.

Doe. the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays for itself Uf
Wo days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices.

John DorsohA Sons, 226 Weils St,.MJlv. aukee.WU.

924

December 23, 1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to 30 per cent commission

to get order* for our celebrated 'jeas
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Bnioiig
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHAROEmpaiU
For prompt attention address 31 r. J. J. D.
care of

THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA 00.,
o. Box 2^0, 31-33 VcseySt., New York

BALE YOUR HAY.

A Reliable

Hand Hay Press

12 Sizes.

Manufactured only by

HOBSON & CO., 12 State Street, New York.

Monarch

Monarch MachinorrCo.

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength aud ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
saw mills, thresh¬
ers. Catalog free.
Doom 161, 3Mortlandt St., New York.

THE MERIT IN

Anchor Fence

lies in its strong and

lasting

service. The quality
that has made our Fence so
famous.

THE ANCHOR FENCE &
MFC., Cleveland, Ohio.

You never saw a
saw which saws
; saw saws

andlast so long a time.

Frame of heuvy angle
steel 8 t r o n g 1 y
braced— absolutely
no shake. Patented— adjust¬
able, dust-proof, non-heating
oil boxes, etc. We make these

Appleton Wood Saws

In 6 styles— strong, simple, safe and successsfu I
—and we make a 4-wheel mounting for wood
saws and gasoline engines which is unequalled
for convenience and durability. Saw your own
wood and save time, coal and money— then saw
vour neighbors’ wood and make $5 to $15 a Day.
We make the celebrated

HERO FRICTION FEED DRAG SAW

nothing like it— no other so good. Also feed
grinders, sliellers, fodder cutters, huskers.
manure spreaders, farm trucks, windmills,
etc., all guaranteed full Appleton Quality-
Catalog free for the asking. Ask for it now.

APPLETON MANUFACTURING CO.

27 Fargo Street Batavia, III., U. S. A.

The Government of Canada

Gives absolutely FREE
to every settler

160 Acres of Land in

Western
Canada

Land adjoining this can be pur¬
chased from railway and land com¬
panies at from |6 to S10 per acre.

On this land this year has been
produced upwards of twenty-five
bushels of wheat to the acre.

It is also the best of grazing land
and for mixed farming it has no
superior on the continent.

Splendid climate, low taxes, rail¬
ways convenient, schools and
churches close at hand.

Write for "20th Century Canada”
and low railway rates to Superin¬
tendent of Immigration, Ottawa,
Can.; or to

TIIOS. m XCAN, Canadian Government Agent
Syracuse Bank Building, SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Meution this paper.

TANKS and TOWERS

We Buii.d all Sizes and Kinds
CALDWELL TANKS don’t leak.
CALDW ELL TOWERS don’t fall
down.

Get Illustrated catalogue: also
ask for prices, erected ready for
use.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

Built for Business

Farqubar engines and boilers are built for
hard knocks and durability on the road as
well as at work. They have every improve¬
ment that experience has shown to be of

Writ* for Catalogue of

Bagineti, Boilers, Haw
Mills and Threshers.

FREE*

all-round service

FARQUHAR

ENGINES

and

SAW MILLS

have no superior.

A. B.

FARQUHAR !
Co. Ltd.
York, Pa,

A Home

IN THE

tj

Worthw 1st

t*v

•at—

L.

- Frire r OnCC /Uf

* 48-in. stock fence perrod only “ '

. Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire.

Jh—

N

—

? Buy direct at wholesale. Write today.

• MASON FENCE CO. Box 67, Leesburg, 0.

Thousands *—cres of land of which large
tracts have beq** claimed by irrigation, are now
open for settle^ in

OREGON, WASHINGTON AND IDAHO

Why not visit this vast territory and thus
realize for yourself its great possibilities more fully.

THE FAST TRAINS

ARE VIA

Union Pacific

Through trains daily with accom¬
modations for all classes of passengers.

Be sure your ticket reads over this line.

Inquire of

E. L. LOMAX, C. P. & T. A., Omaha, Neb,

I ^ _ J I v ft

VW|£

ill

ADVANCE

Gasoline Engines

We make a spe¬
cialty of Gasoline
Engines for farm¬
ers. If you want to
learn about the
best farm gasoline
engine on the mar¬
ket write to Geo.
i>. I’olil Mfg. Co.,
Vernon, N. V.

THE

COLUMBUS

Gas and Gasoline
Engines.

Simple, effective,
easily started and
adjusted.

Columbus Machine Co.

Columbus, Ohio.

Send for Catalogue
No. 62.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers nnd buy the Genuine.
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Oort
Mills; four Stroke Hay X’resses. Water Wheels.
Catalog free. Wo pay the freight

DeLOACH MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 30*. Atlanta, Cm.

AW MILL

tm

/\ QIJF' 99 COMBINATION CIRCULAR AND DRAG
M Ilf V3« U SAW OUTFIT WITH 5 H. P. ENGINE

Everything
on one set
of trucks.
Simple,
Strong,

Easy to
Operate.

GASOLINE
ENGINES

and

SAW RIGS.

ABENAQUE MACHINE WORKS, Westminster Sta., Vt.

Your Profits

Will be greater, and you will
save time, trouble and worry,
as well, if you let an I. H. C.
Gasoline Engine do your
work. For safety, simplicity,
durability and real economy,
both in first cost and expense
of operation, the

ITT r1 Gasoline
• n« Engine

is in a class by itself. It is
perfectly practical, plain and
easily understood — any bright
boy of 12 can run it.

Let us prove to you that
I. H. C. Gasoline Engines are
best for

Feed Cutting, Wood Sawing, Husk¬
ing and Shredding or Shelling
Corn, Grinding Feed, Pump¬
ing, Churning, Separa¬
ting, etc.

and a hundred and one other odd
jobs about the farm that use up time
and energy.

Vertical (like cut.) 2, 3. 5 H. P.
Horizontal and Portable, 6, 8, 10,

12, 15 H. Power.

Call on the International Agent and
let him show you, or write to us for
catalog telling all about how you can
save money with the I. H. C. Gasoline
Engines.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO.
OF AMERICA, CHICAGO,

(INCORPORATED.)

Write for Free Cat. O.

100 Gallons
30 Foot
I Cent

F airbanks-Morse
Domestic Water (Supply

Provides all the conveniences of olty water
works at moderate cost

Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes
from 2 h. p. up.

Cut out complete advertisement and send to

Facirbacnks, Morse (Si Co.

Monroe St. ChiceLgo, Ill.

Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. W 598
G asoline Engines.

I may want . h. p. to _

Street No . .

State . .

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman
8o well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

Send stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

*5 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Bo. ton

40 Pearborn St., Chicago. 201 Craig St., West , ill nu: real, P.Q.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 22 Fills St., Sydney, N. S. W.

Teuieute-lioy 71, Havana. Cuba.

TRY IT

You’re welcome. Pay
nothing if you don’t
buy. If you do buy
the fast, easy running

N

EW

HOLLAND FEED Mill

You'll save 30# to 40# on the cost over any
other. No combine prices. Standard for
all kinds feed and meal grinding. Several
styles and sizes. Write for catalog. We
make the best fast cutting Wood Saw on
the market. Booklet free. Write to

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO.,

Box IIS, New Holland, Pa.

More Power Spraying outfits with
our l'e and 2 hi H. P. AIU-COOLEI)
i Engines are used than all others com¬
bined. No water to freeze or carry.
It is light. Write for Catalog 5 on
' Engines for Power and'Sprayiiig

_ _ _ iggqwP

R. II. DEYO & CO., "Binghamton, New York.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
j anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

BOX 17 HAVANA. ILL.

DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

all one-cylinder engines ; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy and Less to Run. Quickly, easily :
t.onary or traction. Mention this paper. SEND FOR CATALOGUB. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO., Mfri

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE

“THE MASTER WORKMAN.”

. _ . „ , a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to

started. No vibration. Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta¬
ll., Meagher A 15th St*., Chicago. THIS IS OUR FIFTY-SECOND YEAR.

Vol. LXLV. No. 2918.

NEW YORK, DECEMBER 30, 1905.

WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.

THE HOPE FARM ORCHARDS .

How Sod Planted Trees Appear.

All readers of The R. N.-Y. feel a personal interest
in and acquaintance with the Hope Farm man, in his
various endeavors. All those who, like the writer, are
interested in horticulture, have noted his orchard plant¬
ings, some doubtless with scorn, others with doubt and
disbelief, but all with interest and hope for a successful
outcome. Yet I think few, if any, realize the extent
of the plantings. It was my good fortune to visit the
farm two years ago, and while I saw some of those
sod-planted trees, and was told there were to be more
plantings, even then I left with no idea of the extent
of the orchards. There may be three reasons for this ;
the rainy day, the fear on the part of the owner that
the plantings had -not been out long
enough to bear inspection, or a disposition
not to “show off.”

At that time I was impressed by the
strong, healthy growth of the apples two
years set, and remarked that while this
soil was counted poor, and would be of
little worth for ordinary farm crops, yet
I believed there was stored up in it a
large amount of mineral plant food, read¬
ily available for the trees. I see no rea¬
son to modify that opinion now.

A few days back I again visited Hope
Farm, and partook of the baked apples
and other good cheer that abounds there.

I sat by the open fire and enjoyed the
society not only of the Hope Farm man,
but that of “the gude wife” as well.

Next morning after breakfast we turned,
our eyes, as well as our footsteps, toward
the hills, from whence he expects his
help to come. At the risk of abusing my
hospitality, I want to tell the readers of
The R. N.-Y. just what is being done
here in the orchard line, believing that it
will help some in like situation, and that
all may know how extensive is the work,
and so be more interested in the outcome.

I am sure the Hope Farm man will not do
this himself, and trust the above reason
may appeal to him strongly enough that
he publish what I am writing. That it
may be clearly understood that I am a
disinterested witness, let me say that I
am not a believer in the “Hitchings”
method for most men and on ordinary
tillable land.

I was surprised to find that on Hope
Farm there are about 3,000 young trees
growing, 1,300 apples, some of these four
years old. These I saw before, so I was
able to make a comparison of their
growth and thriftiness with my own of the same age, for
instance, under an entirely different system. There are
300 pear trees. These do not look as well as the apples
and peaches. I do not think it good pear land. There
are 1,400 peach trees. The trees four years set had
borne a fair crop of fruit this year, very high in color
and of good quality. These trees had also made from
six to eight inches of new wood, and were full of fruit
buds. There are about 60 acres in the farm other than
woodland. The best of this lies nearest the buildings,
and is good enough for anyone when it is drained and
cleared of stones, as some of it has been. This can also
be irrigated from springs above at a trifling cost. Most
of the land is on an elevation more or less stony, and
hard to till ; land that is accounted poor. Some of it
has a scrubby second growth of wood on it. Part of
this has been and is being cleared off and trees set in.

The fact that this land has lain fallow so long, and

there has been some vegetable matter gone to decay,
which in turn has helped to make soluble some of the
mineral plant food, surely gives conditions most fav¬
orable for the healthy growth of trees. It would be
folly to attempt economically to raise crops on such
land, and equally^ foolish to try to cultivate trees on it.
With trees set with both root and top cut back there
is abundant plant food of the right kind for the tree
in the start. Then by digging about the base and then
mulching with grass or other refuse material, the
moisture is retained and more plant food set free, and
at a minimum of cost. The intention is to apply fer¬
tilizers as the increased growth of the trees demands it.
More or less fertilizing must be done in any orchard.
Here much of such expense is offset by little cost for
cultivation. One who should view these orchards, com¬

paring them with those of equal age, grown by heavy
fertilization and good cultivation in the best apple dis¬
tricts of New York State, would at first glance be dis¬
appointed. On closer examination one realizes that this
is not a fair comparison. This land has little value.
These trees are grown with little expense. Even though
they never make so large a growth, here is almost
worthless land made to bear a crop of highest market
value. The location of the land is such that danger
from late frosts is very slight, and on such elevations
fungus growths are not particularly troublesome.

I can see where for a small investment one not able
to perform hard manual labor might from such orchard¬
ing make a good living. I do not want it understood
that these trees were unduly small or in any way un¬
thrifty. The annual growth of new wood was all that
one could wish, and it is good solid wood too. I have
come to the conclusion that it is folly so to force a tree

that there is grown a lot of soft wood, just for the
privilege of cutting it off, and that often to the injury
of the tree. They are strong and healthy, and will
compare favorably with the majority of trees of the
same age anywhere. I see no reason why in the next
eight or ten years these trees should not return an
annual net income, that will equal several times the cost
of the land and trees. The old trees on the farm show
the soil is well adapted to the apple. The fruit grown
on them was of good quality and of an exceedingly high
color. With the large population right at the doors the
owner is almost independent of commission men and
dealers. Seconds, Baldwins, were selling right from the
farm, when I was there at 40 cents per half bushel bas¬
ket. The owner also showed a familiarity with the in¬
dividual trees, such as a shepherd do"es for his flock,
which speaks well for the future of the or¬
chard enterprise. edw. van alstyne.

MAPES, THE HEN MAN.

THE BARN HEATER. — I have
spoken before of the small heater which
supplies warm water for use at our out¬
buildings. The satisfaction to be had
from a tank of hot water always at hand
in or near the barn in Winter can only
be appreciated by those who have used
one. It is not so many years ago when
it was unusual for a barn to be equipped
with cold water in abundance, even where
a dairy of cattle was kept. Either the
house well, or some distant spring or
brook was the only available supply. Tt
is now the exception rather than the rule,
when either the windmill or some other
device does not furnish cold water in
abundance in farm buildings. The next
step should be to install a supply of hot
water as well as cold. The expense need
not be so great as to debar any farmer
from the luxury, if such it can properly
be called. Our heater only cost $14; the
tank was homemade, and large enough to
immerse and scald a 300-pound hog at one
dip, or set six 40 quart cans of milk into
when desired. One small scuttle of pea
coal (20 pounds) every 24 hours keeps
a continuous fire and keeps the water hot
enough for all ordinary uses. With 50
to 100 hogs to feed, and 1,500 hens to
water and feed, we simply could not think
of dispensing with it. It is almost as in¬
dispensable on account of the cows and
horses. On severe days a few quarts in
each pailful offered to the horses takes the
chill from ice-cold water, and a larger
quantity syphoned out into the tank in the
yard from which the cattle drink accom¬
plishes the same thing there, at a cost of one
or two cents for extra coal, and a minute’s
time, or thereabouts. Pea coal costs about $2
per ton less than larger sizes here, and is equally as
effective so far as I can see.

How do we manage a fire to run it 24 hours with
20 pounds of coal?

First, see to it that you have a good bed of live coals,
then throw on half a scuttle of new coal and open the
door above the fire-pot at once. At the end of 12 hours
the new coal thus applied will not be all ignited. Now
turn on the drafts by closing top door, etc., until it
burns up quite hot, then apply the other half scuttle of
coal, open door and close drafts as before.

MANAGING A FIRE. — Does not gas escape by
opening top door as soon as fresh coal is applied, and
before it is ignited?

Not with a good brick chimney that draws well. My

CLUSTER OF BALDWIN APPLES FROM WESTERN NEW YORK. Fig. 423.

926

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30,

wife handles the fire at night in the same way in our
steel kitchen range with excellent results, and no
escaping gas. If there is not already a good bed of live
coals at bedtime, she sees to it that one is procured, then
applies fresh coal and immediately partly removes both
lids directly over the fire-pot. Those coals are inva¬
riably still black in the morning. I shove the lids to
their place the first thing in the morning after arising,
and turn all drafts on. It takes but a few minutes to
set the fire to roaring, so that I have to close some of
the drafts by the time 1 am ready to start for the barn.

A BROILER FACTORY.— No sooner does one
establishment for producing broilers on a mammoth
scale succumb for differing causes, than another is ready
to start up. The latest is the Mammakating Poultry
Institution, located just over the line in Sullivan
County, but a short distance from my place. The
plant is being equipped to turn out 2,000 finished
broilers a day, and the buildings arc well under way.
What a contract they have on hand ! From the fact
that John C. Sanders, of the Baker Chocolate Com¬
pany, is at the head of it, and that their prospectus
states that all broilers arc to be “cocoa-fed” until
10 weeks of age, it is supposed that they calculate to
give the old reliable “dunghill” rooster a knockout blow.
There is an air of secrecy about their plans which is
unusual to such ventures. The system of feeding is so
closely guarded that “every bird marketed is to be
butchered in such a manner that there will be no danger
of a chemical analysis of the digestive tract revealing
it.” This, I presume, is a neat way of saying that all
birds will be drawn as soon as butchered, which cer¬
tainly is a step in the right direction. An affidavit is to
accompany each bird, showing that it is a product of
the institution, “and has been fed only food such as is
daily consumed by human beings, etc.” No green bone
if you please there, and the “grit” is all needed by tile
humans who are putting $25,000 in the plant. Each
affidavit is to be numbered, and a silver disk with the
corresponding number is to be attached to the leg of
the bird. When served in restaurants, etc., both the
affidavit and the silver disk will be served with the
dinner, to be retained as souvenirs. The whole scheme
sounds grand on paper.

WILL THEY SUCCEED?— If they succeed in find¬
ing 2,000 customers a day who arc willing to pay the
price for such birds, which is advertised to be $1.25
each for 10-weeks-old broilers, up to $5 each for
roasters weighing five to six pounds, no doubt it will
be a grand success. It is so close to me that I shall
watch it with much interest. “There is many a slip
’twixt the cup and lip.” Ordinary chickens arc gen¬
erally quoted at about 12 to 15 cents per pound, while
fancy roasters weighing five pounds or more are quoted
at 20 to 25 cents. 1 have often thought that there is a
good chance there to buy up good, thrifty birds at the
lower price, feed and fatten them till they come up
lo the standard of weight and condition of the latter,
and pocket the profit. When delivering some old fowls
to a butcher in our home market recently I saw some
exceptionally fine White Wyandotte cockerels in his
pens. Thinking this would be a fine opportunity to ex¬
periment, I bantered him to let me have a dozen of
them. This he consented to do for 13 cents per pound.
The 12 birds I selected weighed 57 pounds. They ate
greedily and grew rapidly for a short time, when all at
once their appetites nearly failed, and I, noticed that
peculiar sneezing and watery eyes and nostrils, which
foreruns an attack of roup. Six of the lot were fat and
ready for market, so we shipped at once, getting top
quotations for them, and making a satisfactory profit
on them, as they dressed six to Cd/z pounds each. The
other six, however, bid fair to rival “Pharaoh’s lean
kine.” None of them died, but all lost flesh rapidly,
and are now in far from prime condition. Their appe¬
tites are again good and nearly all of them have quit
sneezing and discharging at the nose. They will prob¬
ably make good roasters later, but the chance for big
profits is very slim. It is hopeful that the sanitary
chicken farm will -not experience any such “slips.”

There was a peculiarity about the appetites of these
sick Wyandottcs which I have never noticed before.

I had been cramming them three times a day with all
the wet mash I could get nature’s cramming machine
to put into their crops. While they were sick they
refused to cat the mash, but would cat whole grain
in limited quantities. I have generally found fowls of
all kinds to relish the mash made from balanced ration
much better than whole grain. These six birds have
again found their appetites and the handle to nature’s
cramming machine is being put down to the last notch.

_ o. w. MAPES.

A SPRAY OF BALDWINS.— Fig. 423, first page,
shows a branch of Baldwin apples taken from the or¬
chards of Foster Udell & Sons, Monroe County, N. Y.
Mr. Udell has 70 acres of orchards, 50 per cent in bear¬
ing, and since 1898 has received about $75,000 for t lie
fruit. The orchards are thoroughly sprayed and culti¬
vated. The branch in the picture represents six perfect
apples on a stem not larger than a lead pencil, each
apple dark red and fully three inches in diameter.

A HORSE AND A PROBLEM.

Readers will remember how, last Fall, Geo. A. Cos¬
grove, of Connecticut, wrote the story of his horse
“Ben.” This horse was stolen, but telephone and tele¬
graph were too much for the thief. Mr. Cosgrove sends
a picture of “Ben” (Fig. 424, this page), and also states
the following problem, which has arisen in connection
with the thief:

“I enclose a picture of Ben, the horse that was stolen
from me a year ago this month. Ben is looking at the

MIL COSGROVE'S HORSE BEN. Fl(J. 424.

camera and wondering what they are going to do with
that thing. It will be remembered by R. N.-Y. readers
that I recovered the horse five days after lie was stolen,
finding him on Blandford Mountain, 12 miles from
Westfield, Mass. The thief escaped at the time, but was
afterward captured for another offense and is now serv¬
ing a 15 months’ sentence in Fitchburg jail. He has
written me acknowledging the theft, promising reforma¬
tion and begging me not to press the charge against
him; also writing that he will repay all the expense his
taking the horse cost me. This young man — he is only
18 — was born and raised on a farm that adjoins mine,
went to the same school that my grandchildren did, and
of course we all know him. As the family was quite
poor we have helped them with food and clothing ever
since we came here until, two years ago, the .old house
burned down, and they moved out of town.

“Now what o’ught I to do? The thought of sending
that young man to State prison for five to ten years is
almost unbearable. Is it my duty to do it? He was
put in the Reform School when 14 years old for stealing
from a neighbor, but escaped after being there a year
or two. If he gets off easy, or is not punished at all
for this horse stealing, will he be more likely to continue
in a criminal course than if he is punished severely?
What do the readers of The R. N.-Y. think? I confess
I am in a quandary. 'I he reimbursing me the $30 ex¬
pense I was at is a small matter; the only thing to be
considered is the reformation of the boy.”

A MONTANA MAN ON BALKY HORSES .

I am handling a 1,300-acre irrigated farm. We have
in constant use six teams, and at times more. As a
rule the horses needed which we do not raise we buy

JERSEY BEAUTY EGG PLANT. MUCH REDUCED.

Fiu. 425. See RurallsinB, Pago 930.

unbroken, for the simple reason that if we are positive
they have never been handled we can succeed in mak¬
ing valuable work animals of them by gentle and in¬
telligent treatment. These animals when first taken
up are as wild as any animal can possibly be, and it
would be hardly possible for eastern farmers who are
accustomed to their gentle, farm-raised colts to realize
what a vicious wild animal a horse can be when per¬
mitted to run upon an immense public range, wholly
unacquainted with man, only to learn early in life to
fear him. Our own colts are farm-raised, and are simi¬
lar in every respect to the ordinary eastern farm colt.

The colts purchased outside, however, when first
“roped,” the only means of securing them, will fight
viciously at first, entirely through fear, for they have
not learned to try to get the better of man, which will
come later, when better acquainted with his habits. Our
plan is first to rope them, and gently control them; this
may necessitate the choking down of the animal, as
they will continue to struggle to get free, but when
their wind is shut off and the animal actually falls,
through loss of it, the men quickly jump on their neck
and hold their nose up; this prevents their rising, 'flic
rope around the neck is quickly loosened, the horse is
petted, and shown that no harm is intended. As soon
as they quit fighting they are permitted to rise, and it
is seldom necessary to choke them down a second time.
The next lesson given at the same time is to attempt to
teach them to lead. I should have said that the roping
is done in a round corral, in the center of which is
a firmly-set round stout post, around which the rope
is quickly wound twice, and enables the man or men
to hold the struggling horse until finally downed. Prop¬
erly to lead requires several lessons while still tied to
the round post, and two or three days, during which
time wc feed and water the animal by hand. As soon
as it will lead it is stabled, and when it has mastered
these lessons the harness will be gently put on to it,
and it is left in the barn, 'flic next day it will be
hitched up to a heavy wagon alongside of a gentle, well-
broken animal, and driven around for an hour or two;
this is repeated daily until it goes freely, when light
loads will be hauled and the animal is gradually put
into full work. The breaking of range horses is ex¬
tremely dangerous, requiring fine judgment; the whip
is very seldom used on a young horse. I have horses on
our place which were handled in this manner that to¬
day are worth $300 to $350 per span, and weigh 1,400
or more per head; they arc as gentle as could be wished
and will continue to pull until told to stop.

We arc obliged to depend upon the drifting class of
farm help, employing several all the time; many
of these men know nothing about horses, and
would spoil any team in a very short time un¬
less corrected. My observation in dealing with men
and horses is that there arc many more balky drivers
than teams; that a confirmed balky horse can be re¬
deemed if the right man gets hold of him; that very
f«w true teams but can be spoilt by a balky driver. I
have handled horses all my life, first in Indiana, Illi¬
nois and Ohio many years ago, and for the past 21 years
in Montana; have taken confirmed balkers and absolute
outlaws that were considered past redemption, and by
gentle and proper treatment have caused them to become
among the best work animals on our farm, but would
not prefer to buy a balky horse; in fact, when we
need any more horses and are obliged to buy, prefer to
purchase animals that have never been touched by hu¬
mans, for the reason that we believe any horse can
be made into a useful animal. It is amusing, if it were
not annoying, to read the many theories advanced for
subduing balky horses, and western men would not tol¬
erate any of the methods advocated; for instance, to il¬
lustrate a very prominent trait in the horse make-up,
when wild horses arc taken up and broken, no difficulty
of any serious nature is experienced in teaching them
to pull, and so long as they arc not overloaded and arc
continued at work there will be no trouble, yet these
same animals, when permitted to rest for a week or
more, when put to work the second time, will almost
invariably refuse to go. They have been taught what
is expected, and if the animal be a high-strung, nervous
one would be very easily spoilt at this period of their
education, but by gentle but firm treatment can be
corrected.

We now have two large 1,400-pound animals, pur¬
chased after they were broken several years ago; these
were represented to use to be perfectly true. 'They are
members of two different teams, and developed the
balky trait after having been at rest several months.
Both are of a very high nervous temperament. One
when aroused has a most vicious disposition; with
him what seemed harsh treatment was found neces¬
sary, yet both these animals are members of our most
valuable teams, and usually work together in a four-
horse team, doing the very heaviest work on the farm.

I can only compare a horse to the human being; they
differ as widely in temperament and disposition as do
the human family. I have found that horses refusing to
start do so usually after a period of rest; if they
arc humored a little and loaded lightly they can be
got out of the habit. It is absolute folly to hitch
two such horses together. We usually work such a
horse with one known to be absolutely true, and we
have not a whip on the farm. Once in a great while
we might use the end of the lines oir a horse, nor is
any yelling permitted. Our work is almost entirely in
four to eight-horse teams; we take good care of our
animals and feed them well, and find that it pays. The
greater number of balky horses are caused not only
by poor handling in the start but continued poor han¬
dling, and there is absolutely no reason for it. It is
sheer nonsense to advocate some of the remedies that
I have seen in Tiie R. N.-Y. w. m. wooldkidge.

Montana.

1905.

T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER

927

NOTES ON KEEPING APPLES.

Will you give Homo directions or opinions relative to the
keeping or preserving of apples in a fresh and sound con¬
dition. My case is this: I have in my cellar, which i3
nlsmt 17 x i!) feet (seven feet deep) a southwest corner
portioned off, 7 x 0, which with a movable outside window
I use for a cold cellar, my furnace being located In the
other part. I can easily regulate (lie temperature of the
cold cellar by means of the window. Here i store my fruits
and vegetables. My apples (Baldwins) were there placed,
plump, fresh and fair when put in, but they soon began to
wilt and wither and shrink In size. Mow shall I preserve
their beautiful fresh and plump appearance? it.

New Jersey.

1 he inquirer should assort apples when picked, and
put in tight barrels in as cold a place as circumstances
will, allow until cold weather. They are entirely safe
outside until temperature drops below 25. After put¬
ting in cellar a temperature below 30 is advisable for
storage. Apples keep much the best in a tight package
in low temperature. We find a house above ground
with apples in barrels the best place to keep them
through the Winter, outside of cold storage.

New Jersey. i. j. blackwell.

Keeping apples in any cellar which has a furnace con¬
nected with it is a difficult proposition. The partitions
shutting off the fruit cellar must be thoroughly well
made, and the connection as nearly airtight as possible.
I suspect that the best the inquirer can do is to 'iavc
the packages in which his fruit is kept as neat ly an tight
as possible, leaving each barrel headed until the fruit
is wanted. This 1 find tin best way to keep fruit in all
ordinary cellars. Whether anything can be done to in¬
crease the moisture contained in the air by sprinkling
the floors, I do not know, ha ing never tried it. I do
know that apples like the Genet, which will shrivel badly
in an ordinary cellar, will come out fresh and plump
kept in a tight barrel from which the air is excluded.

Rhode Island. fred w. card.

'1 hat is my situation, and I have a successful “cool
room”; better I think than I could have if the cellar
was all in one room and no fire in it, because with a
window on trie northwest I can keep it nearer the freez¬
ing point than I would want it if it were under the
living rooms. The partition needs to be a substantial
one; mine is brick and stone; board partition of one
thickness is not enough. Mine is also under the pantry
only, which of course is not heated. To keep apples
from wilting they should not only be kept cool, but
should be kept in an airtight package, or in moist air.
I accomplish it by keeping them in barrels with oil
paper in place of the top head. Most varieties will keep
reasonably fresh in this way. Perhaps your corre¬
spondent’s apples arc coated with the sooty blotch or
fungus on the skin, which prevails where there is poor
air drainage and over moist soils. This seems to con¬
sume the oil in the skin, and they will wilt on the
slightest provocation. To be rid of this fungus and
consequently of the wilt occasioned by it, I have found
two late sprayings with Bordeaux, August 19 and Sep¬
tember 9, to be effectual. norman s. flatt.

Connecticut.

WASHES FOR FRUIT TREES.

I have carefully watched all comments upon the ques¬
tion of painting or applying some materials to fruit
trees, especially peach trees, to keep off rabbits, mice
and borers. Having over 25,000 peach trees now com¬
ing into bearing in southern Alabama, and a couple
of orchards here in the Michigan fruit belt, the ques¬
tion of expense is a great item, especially in the Ala¬
bama orchard. I have no doubt but what there is some
wash, if we knew what it is, that could be applied to the
base of the trees after removing the dirt a little, which
would effectually resist all of these pests. I have been
unable to find a remedy that could be backed up by men
of authority who have had sufficient experience. Ashes
have been referred to, particularly for borers, and where
plenty could be obtained and kept in place around the
trees might be effectual, also air slaked lime. White¬
washes of different formulas have been recommended;
one containing copper sulphate, some glue, I have tried,
and as long as it lasted it was quite efficient. It did not
last long enough. Solutions containing whale-oil soap,
along with other materials, have been mentioned, 1 be¬
lieve, in connection with resin or tallow. Whitewash
seems to harden and Hake off too soon. Certain materials
might be added to soften and make more lasting a white¬
wash solution. White lead and oil has been discussed at
length, but reports of both success and failure arc in
evidence. Some of the highest authorities, especially on
peach trees, caution us against the use of oils. We
know tlTat some oils when sprayed upon the trees are
dangerous, except in very small quantities. There are
patent tree paints advertised, and some of the State
authorities to whom we have written have advised us
that they are worth but very little, and very similar
formulas can lie mixed at home for about one- fourth
the cost. Mr. Stringfellow of Texas told the writer
that he had found success in a so-called water paint.
Tt has been said that “litnoid’’ has some relation to
the above. Possibly limoid with the addition of some

other materials would make a good paint for this pur¬
pose. Up to this time I have found no remedy that
I feel would be safe to apply on an extensive orchard.
It would seem that some of our States which have
prominent horticultural departments would find a rem¬
edy, the application of which would be effectual against
these enemies combined. ikving jaquay.

Berrien Co., Mich.

R. N.-Y. — We understand that “limoid” was used in
making these “cold-water paints.” It appears to make
a better whitewash than the ordinary lime.

THE YOUNG COW; HER FEED AND CARE .

The present calf is the future cow, and her value
then depends upon our care and management now. Tile
object of raising the calf is to get the future cow, and
of course the better the cow the more there is in it for
us, and most of us are in the business for what there
is “in it.” Suppose we start with the calf that had a
good sire and dam and wish to turn out the best pos¬
sible cow at maturity. Our first object should be to
keep that calf growing constantly until it drops its first
calf. We also want to raise it as economically as pos¬
sible. 'The months of November, December and January
are the best ones to have the calf of the future cow
dropped. There is usually more time to care for it

BOOT GROWTH IN CROWBAR IIOI.KS. Km. 1 1M».

See Hope Kami Notes, Page 931.

then. You avoid flies, sour milk and the other hot
weather troubles. When Summer pasture comes it is
old enough to turn off and practically take care of itself
through the Summer. Our plan is to let the calf suck
its dam two or three days, until it gets straightened
around and the cow is all right. We had her in a box
stall, and remove the cow to her accustomed place first,
so that she thinks the calf slill in the box stall. We
teach the calf to drink, using some patience, and
usually it will drink the second or third time after try¬
ing. We give it three to four quarts of new milk twice
daily, depending on the size of the calf. When 10 days
to two weeks old we begin to replace the new milk
with skim-milk of the same temperature, and in a few
days it is getting all skim-milk. We have a box in
the pen at the proper height, and in this we put bran
or wheat mixed feed, and let the calf have a handful
to start in, gradually increasing the amount. We put
hay in the manger, and they begin on this very early,
as we have seen week-old calves frequently chewing this
hay. We like bran and mixed feed better than any of
the feeds we have ever tried, as it helps keep the calf
thrifty and growing without putting on fat. We want
to avoid having the calves get fat. We want growth of

bone and muscle, and the bran or mixed feed is a
splendid source of these with skim-milk. It is possible
to raise calves without skim-milk, but it means more
labor and care.

The one great enemy of the calf is scours, and this
is almost always caused by one or more of three things,
overfeeding, feeding milk cither too hot or too cold, or
dirty stables. Unless you feed milk warm from the
separator it will pay you to use a dairy thermometer,
and always have the milk at blood temperature. Not
one man in ten can guess correctly at this. We clean
the calf stable daily, and again at night add more fresh
bedding. Don’t neglect to keep the calf pen clean, and
don’t keep them in a cold, damp place, as they will not
thrive. Put a pail of cold water daily where they can
get at it, as they will do better to have water by them
after they are a month old. Throw in a turf or a
shovel of fresh soil in the pen every few days. They
love to lick it, and eat more or less of the dirt, and
seem to crave something of this sort. By Summer they
are ready to turn out to pasture, but should be looked
after frequently, and salted so that they will not get
wild. Look out for the feed getting short in the Fall,
and allowing them to sleep out when it gets cold, as
they will grow thin very fast on scant Fall feed and
cold nights or storms. The Winter they are yearlings
they should be kept in warm, clean quarters, and have
plenty to eat of good nourishing food. Many people
make a mistake here, as they give them bog hay or
anything not good enough for other stock, and. the
heifers keep alive, but do not grow.

A quart or two of bran or mixed feed daily with
plenty of good hay or silage once a day will keep them
growing, and growth is what we want. They should
be bred when 14 to 16 months old, and this brings
them in when about two years old, and when you are
ready and have time to give them good care. The sec¬
ond Summer is spent at pasture, so that our two-year-
old heifer has not been a great care or expense. Give
them bran daily before calving, but sec that the udder
is not caked.

Don’t feed the heifer too much grain as soon as she
comes mi, and don’t condemn her the first season. If
she was properly raised and has dairy form give her at
least two chances. Don’t have her bred too quickly
for second calf and she will grow and improve much
during the period between first and second calf. When
you begin to milk her don’t “break her in.” If you
have done your part a little patience at the start and
she will soon milk like an old cow. Don’t frighten or
punish her, but let her know you are her friend. It is
a pleasure to see the calves grow, thrive and turn into
good dairy animals. Not all will, but do your part and
they will about as surely as most things arc sure in
this world. H. c. Manchester.

BELIEVES IN FUMIGATION.

I can fully endorse Prof. Phillips’ experience of
fumigation of nursery stock, page 878. I have prac¬
ticed it for several years, and have yet to see any evil
results from it when properly done. Of course I would
not deny that injury might result from an overdose, or
when trees were too immature, but under reasonable
conditions my long experience satisfies me that it is
both safe and reliable. I have a large violet house,
18 x 260, which has been fumigated many times without
any apparent injury. Still, I am aware we could kill all
the plants in the house just as easily as a physician
could kill a patient with an overdose. I am aware
many contend that trees are injured by it whenever
there is something wrong. I have grown and handled
trees for tin* past 45 years, long before hydrocyanic
gas was thought of, and have seen many failures, but
they now are all set against fumigation. If our legis¬
latures would do away with all of our inspection laws,
many of which are unwise and foolish, and enforce
fumigation under the direction of our entomologist,
everyone concerned would be benefited ; it is not only a
safeguard against San Jose scale, but many other insect
enemies now overlooked ; among them the Black aphis
on the peach and the Woolly aphis on the apple. The
man who wants his trees without fumigation ought to
be compelled to make and apply lime, salt and sulphur
until he was willing to take a dose of gas to end his
misery. chas. black.

New Jersey. _

EGGS IN ALCOHOL BARREL, if alcohol barrels are new
ami clean no sizing or other preparations should Ite needed
to lit them for preserving eggs in water glass solution.
This solution Is rather thick and does not readily penetrate
wood. All Hurl Is needed Is that the barrels lie fresh, clean
and free from any taint that a water solution will dis¬
solve. Coating with paraffin certainly would not injure the
barrels nor the eggs, and would tend to render the barrels
watertight, hut In our opinion It does not seem to he needed.
It would he entirely practical to hold the eggs from 6 to 10
months or even longer If they were perfectly fresh when put
In, and the solution <>f water glass was of standard com¬
mercial strength, diluted with nine times Its bulk of water.
At the same time we could not advise offering these eggs
as new laid after coming out of the solution. They are
equal to fresh eggs for most purposes, hut are not quite
up to the "new laid" standard.

928

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30*

FARMERS’ CLUB

[Every query must be accompanied by
the name and address of the writer to in¬
sure attention. Before asking a question,
please see whether it is not answered in
our advertising columns. Ask only a few
questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.!

Black Walnut for Timber.

F. M., Vienna , N. J. — Will you answer the
following in regard to planting Black walnuts
for timber. The field I want to plant them
on is in sod. Should the ground be planted
with some crop before, so as to get it in
better condition? What is the time to plant,
Fall or Spring? Should the nuts be cracked
before planting? Is there any special variety
to plant?

Ans. — In planting Black walnut or any
other nut tree seeds for timber purposes
it is best to plant on ground that has
been put in good condition by growing
some crop the previous season. The nuts
may be planted either in the Fall or
Spring, but in the latter case should be
stratified or packed in moist sand and kept
over Winter in some cool place where they
will not dry out. The nuts should never
be cracked before planting, as this would
be almost certain to kill the germs. If
the soil is in good condition it is prob¬
ably best to plant as soon as the nuts are
gathered in the Fall.

Culture of Dewberries.

F. C. G., Bridgton, Me. — I wish you would
say something about dewberries in Ruralisms.
On page 226 Mr. Moon describes a trellis,
but I would like to know about the best
method of pruning to yield the most satis¬
factory berries for garden culture, and he
does not say whether lie prunes at all, or
how high he makes ills trellis. It seems to
me I should prefer that method to staking. Is
the quality of the dewberry equal to the
blackberry ?

Ans. — The most common way is to
drive a stake three or four feet high be¬
tween two hills and tie the young canes
from each hill to the top of the stake,
cutting their loose ends back to about one
foot above the stake. The fruit is then
borne above the new growth, kept clean
and can be easily picked. The young
canes are allowed to run over the ground
at will during the growing season, and the
next year are tied to the top of the stake,
while the old fruiting ones are cut away,
just as in pruning blackberries and rasp¬
berries. Dewberries as a rule are less
hardy than other varieties of blackberries.
We find all the improved kinds winter-kill
severely on the Rural Grounds. We re¬
gard the quality of the dewberry fruit as
much better than any of the blackberry
fruits. They are larger and ripen earlier,
thus finding a ready market, but the yield
is seldom as great as with the best kind
of blackberries.

What Is a Straight Line?

D. J. €., Tewksbury, Mass. — What is a
straight line, or how can I tell a straight
line? It there any other way besides guess¬
ing or sighting by the eye? If I started to
build a henhouse 100 feet long and 15 feet
wide, how would I start to go about it by
telling whether the lines were straight, and
how to prove it? Most farmers don’t know
how to start a henhouse around here, or
plant a straight line of corn.

Ans. — Mathematically, a straight line is
the shortest distance between two points.
To prove a line is straight, I know of no
better way than by sighting, upon which
method D. J. C. does not seem to place
much reliance. Practically speaking, a ray
of light travels in a straight course ; there¬
fore, if the eye is at A and a stake at B,
and a stake between A and B hides the
stake at B, it may be truly said to stand
on line between A and B. He should
have no difficulty in sighting the lines for
the sides of a henhouse. Large buildings
are laid out with engineer’s instruments,
which is simply sighting by more refined
methods. The telescope and the cross
hairs permit of greater precision in locat¬
ing stakes in a perfectly straight line.
Where the lines are of some length and
the surface of the ground uneven or on
running land lines, an instrument is very
convenient, if not indispensable. Running
a straight line between two points which
cannot be seen one from the other, owing
to a hill or some other obstruction, can

be done without an instrument in the fol¬
lowing manner. Begin at A and set
stakes in a straight line and equi-distant —
say one hundred feet apart — and in as
near the direction of B as you can guess.
(When you arrive at B, we will say that
you are 10 feet to one side of it. You
have set 10 stakes, we will say. Then
start at the stake which is 100 feet from
A and set it over one foot in the proper
direction, and it will be in a straight line
between A and B. The second stake will
have to be moved over two feet, etc. The
distance which any stake has to be moved
over will be determined by the proportion.
Distance from A to B is to the divergence
at B, as the distance of the stake from A
is to the amount required to be set over.
This method will often be found useful
when it is required to build a straight
fence between two corners which cannot
be seen one from the other.

GRANT DAVIS.

A Frosted Araucaria.

G. A. B., Indian Orchard, Mass. — An Arau¬
caria cxcelsa two l'eet or more In height was
carried a short distance on the evening of
November 14; the persons handling it, not
realizing how cold it was that night, failed
to protect it sufficiently, so that the two
upper tiers of branches had their foliage
frozen back from four to six inches, also the
new terminal shoots, about an inch long
were frozen. The central shoot and main
part of the branches are still green nearly
to the tip. Beyond the damaged part the
plant still looks healthy. It has been kept
in the dining room in a temperature of 60
to 75 degrees, watered sparingly, given but
little sun, and the dead foliage has been
clipped off. Can we treat this plant in such
a manner as eventually to restore it to its
original symmetry and beauty?

Ans. — Araucarias, like other evergreen
cone-bearing trees, are always severely
injured if the terminal buds on the
branches are harmed in any way. As the
leader and tip of branches in your speci¬
men have been frozen back it is not at
all likely, that it will ever again grow into
a good specimen. Side buds may start
and the tree continue to live, but it is not
likely that the effect will he- pleasing. It
will probably be best to throw away your
specimen and secure a well-formed young
one, which may be had from most dealers
in greenhouse plants at a moderate price.

Currants in Kansas.

Please tell briefly what care and fertilizing
is needed for currants; also points in select¬
ing a location. G. h. p.

Olathe, Kan.

In that latitude the red currants succeed
best on north and east slopes in deep loamy
soil. If the north side of fence or building
Is available, so much the better, as the
currant suffers from direct exposure to our
intense southwestern sun. A mulch of leaves
and leaf mold is its favorite fertilizer, and
clean culture is essential. t. v. munson.

Denison, Texas.

A Michigan Fruit Farm. — We are now
getting manure from the Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, 30-ton cars at $21 a car delivered
on side track one-quarter of a mile from
us. We are putting it chiefly on land that
we expect to set to peaches next Sprint,
We put one car on the apple orchard. There
is much complaint here about short apple
crop this year, but we are satisfied. We
have only one acre of apples, which netted
us $425 this year, and $150 last year, the
yield about the same ; difference in nrofits
due to difference in prices. We came from
Chicago a few years ago and bought this
run-down farm of 48% acres. J. s.

Berrien Co., Mich.

Hay Slings. — Having read what J. D.
Prick ett says in regard to hay slings I wish

to endorse all he says and add that the time

he takes Is twice as long as is necessary
to unload with slings. I have used hay

slings for 12 years and unloaded many a
load in seven to ten minutes; three slings
to the load. I am sorry so few of our

farmers are familiar with their worth. Too
much praise cannot be given the slings In
all places, under all consideration. I have
personally used them for all kinds of hay,
loose and bound grain, chaff and straw ;
put whole corn in silo and any kind of
fodder a man can handle successfully with
them. Hay loaders so far as used here give
perfect satisfaction ; it is not hilly here.

Sardinia, N. Y. b. b.

Eggs In Water Glass. — The commercial
solution of water glass is a thick, syrupy
liquid like glycerine. It may be bought in
one-pound bpttles for 25 cents, but at a
much lower price per pound in large packages.
Dilute the liquid with nine times Its bulk of
clear, fresh water, put in a tall, clean, stone
jar and place in the eggs as fast as secured,
taking care that they are perfectly fresh.

They should only be allowed time to cool off
thoroughly after being laid. Put in only
enough to be entirely covered by the liquid,
and keep the jar well covered in a dark, cool
place, such as an ordinary good farm cellar,
until the eggs are wanted for use. We have
found eggs perfectly good 12 to 18 months
after being put into the solution, provided
they were perfectly fresh when put in. It
will not do to put stale eggs in with others,
as one bad one may spoil the whole lot.

When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply am
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

No Smoke House. Smoke meat with

KRAUSER’S LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE.

Madefrom hickory wood. Givesdeliciousflavor.
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. Send for cir¬
cular. E. Kramer & Bro., Milton, Pa.

POTATOES— Carman. Cobbler, Fortune, Hebron,
Ohio, Jewel, Murphy. C. W. Ford, Fishers, N. Y.

USE Hubbard’s Window Sash Lock (Pat 1899).

best is the cheapest. Write for terms to J). 8.
Hubbard Son & Co., 259 Third Avo., Bay Shore, N. Y.

Tomatoes in 1 13

a week earlier rMrtrl I W I O
SSI .50 a 1,000 shipped flat. Form for Folding,
S>1 OO. P. B. CB08BY, Catonsville, Md.

CTDAU/QCRBV Dl AWTQ true to name of both
OlnflVYDtnnT “LAN I O old and new varieties.
Write for catalogue. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora, N. Y.

BFIAINTS,

BLACK VALENTINE

The best Green Pod for Market Gar¬
deners. A good shipper, the pods carry
well and do not wilt. Catalog Free.

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

84 Randolph Street, Chicago.

14 Barclay Street, New York.

NIIT TRPF^ Japan Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon
I" U I I ULLO Chestnuts, Ridgely and American.

MANCHURICA WALNUTS.
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap.
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬
ing. Catalogue free. Address, '

JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown.N, J,

GREEN’S

Wedding Announcement

He loved the girl very much,
That was his business.

She loved him just as well.

That was her business.

They decided to be married.
That was their business.

They will need Vines, Plants
and Trees for their garden,
That’s OUR business.

We have a surplus of Asparagus
plants, Poplar and Apple trees. Send
for free catalog; also Fruit Magazine.

GREEN S NURSERY CO.,

Rochester. N. Y.
No. 4 Wall Street.

FRUIT TREES THAT GROW

and hear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock.
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and
free catalogue without delay.

Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y.

KFRUITBOOK

’shows in NATURAL COLORS and
accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬
bution to planters.— Stark lire’s, Louisiana, Mo.

HOYT IS AT THE HEAD

With a large and most complete stock of
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen
Ti’ees, Vines, Shrubbery, Roses, California
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees.
This stock is healthy and fine, fc end us
your list of wants and let us price it.
Satisfaction guaranteed. t end for our
FREE Catalogue. Address,

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.,

NEW CANAAN, CONN.

z%

if

ERCKm/S TREES

Are as good as the best. 50 years’in
business is our guarantee.

Catalog Free.

WARD BLACKBERRIES

The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown

WELCH RASPBERRY

The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also
a lull line of general nursery stock. Catalogue free,
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown, N. J.

P. J. BERCKMJiNS CO., Inc.,

Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA.

460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856w

Strawberry Plants.

New Home, Cardinal, Commonwealth/ Oaks Early,
Champion, Glen Mary, Win. Belt and 91 others. Lncretia
and Premo Dewberry. Seeds; Livingstoi's Globe and
Allen’s Best Tomato. Allen's First Choice and Rocky
Ford CantaloupeAAUen’s Money Maker, /Early Fortune
and Peninsula Pr»\e Cucumber. Valuable tested novelties
and a full line standard garden, field/and flower seeds,
bulbs, etc Write for'handsome free Atalogue. 17

W. F. ALLEN, aiallsbjri^y, Maryland.

TREE PROTECTORS

75c. per IOO- S5 per IOOO

Send for free samples and testimonials.
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice
ruin your trees.

WRITE US TO-DAY,

Hart Pioneer Nurseries,

Fort Scott, Kantt. Box 73.

TIPWRPPDV PLANTS & BLACKBERRY
UL, it ID-IVIV i PIANTS for SALE. Send for

prico. MICHAEL N. BORGO, Box 69, Vineland, N. J .

BERRY PLANTS Raspberry!

blackberry, &c. I wish to correspond with prospect¬
ive buyers. Catalog and valuable information free.
Address L. J. FARMER. Box “R”. Pulaski, N. Y.

TS TREES PLEASE

GcneseeValleygrown.lf>Oacres. Established
1869. 1 • Not the cheapest but the best. ' 1 Catalog free.

CEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,

I Maple St., Dansviile, New York.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other INSECTS killed by

GOODS

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3

Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti¬
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel,
270 lb.,3*hcper lb; barrel, 425 lb. ,3*4c. Send for booklet.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker,
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

SALIMENE

THE BEST REMEDY FOR

SAN JOSE SCALE.

Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on
application.

MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS,

Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

PUTTS “SCALECIDE” pSSleu m

Is CHEAPER and MORE EFFECTIVE than LIME, SULPHUR and SALT in controlling

Mr. J. H. BAIRD, Supt. Hale Georgia Orchard Co., Fort Valley, Ga., writes: "I am more confident
each day of the results from Sealecido— to ah inquirers I recommend it."

For sample, testimonials and prices delivered at your Railroad Station, address

B. Gr. Pratt Co., 11 Broadway, 2NTox*7" Y orlt, 3XT. Y0

PEACH TREES

Grand iot, grow non the bnnk of Lake Erio, two miles
from any peaoh orchards, free from borers and all
other diseases. Large stook of Pear, Plum, Cherry,
Apple, etc. Immense supply of small fruits, headquarters for

Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds,

40 acres hardy roses, none better grown, 44 Greenhouses of Palms, Ferns,
Roses, Geraniums, (annus, etc. Mail size postpaid. Direct deal will insure you
the best and save you money. Try it. Valuable catalogue free. Fifty-two years.
1200 Acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON 00., Box 16. Paln«svlll«, 0.

THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES.

The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to

_ XlOGrEXlS OKT THE IITT.T..

Tiro Apple Breeder, _ Pawswillo, 1ST. Y,

TREES

CR PFR inn FRFIfiHT PAIR APP*e. Bear, Plum, Cherry, Peach ami Carolina
rt" ,Vv, rnUUfll TAIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fu mi -a ted.
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y.

1905.

929

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

THE AMERICAN TUBERCULOSIS
EXHIBITION.

A gruesome but unique and interesting ex¬
hibition was that of the National Association
for the Study ancl Prevention of Tuberculosis
and the Tuberculosis Committee of the New
York Charity Organization Society ot New
York, held November 27 to December 9 in_the
American -Museum of Natural History, 77th
street and Central Park West, New York
City. It was planned as an educational
feature in aid of the present very general
campaign against human tuberculosis or con¬
sumption, and showed by means of models,
charts, photographs, diagrams and anatomical
specimens all the phases of the dread dis¬
ease, its prevention and treatment. Meet¬
ings were held at intervals during the ex¬
hibition for the general public, and special
ones for physicians, public school teachers
and workers in the mechanical trades for the
purpose of discussing the best means of con¬
trolling and diminishing tubercular affections.

The exhibits included models of tuberculosis
hospitals and sanatoriums in various cities.
States and foreign countries, together with
sanitary appliances in bewildering number,
such as fresh air tents, window beds, couches
and sputum receptacles. Some were very in¬
genious, others plainly practical and econ¬
omical. The inexpensive expectoration cups
to be carried everywhere are much to be
commended. The various tents, beds, and
couches for sleeping in the open air and by
open windows during cold weather were
particularly interesting. There were number¬
less views of unsanitary homes in city and
country, and models of some of New York's
infamous “lung blocks,” built under the
tenement laws of 1S87, said to be the most
unwholesome human habitations ever con¬
structed in a civilized community. One
model was of a block in which 4,000 persons,
belonging to 700 families, lived. This gave
22 families to a building, and an average of
about four families to each 14 rooms, many
without windows. The buildings are so
crowded that there is practically no light or
decent air at any time except in the rooms
opening ou the streets. There were also
models of improved and ideal tenement blocks,
some in actual existence. The advantages of
country life and the work of city school
gardens were shown in many ways, but es¬
pecially by the aid of photographs. There
was an extensive collection of physical train¬
ing appliances.

The numerous charts and diagrams, some
on a large and elaborate scale, gave a most
impressive idea cf the ravages in various
parts of the world of civilization's most
destructive disease. It appears the colored
race is everywhere out of the tropics the
greatest sufferer, but even among the whites
tuberculosis is more prevalent than any other
known disease. The Association does not be¬
lieve that any remedy has yet been discovered
with special power over (lie disease, and
only recommends in its leaflets and publica¬
tions general sanitary and preventive meas¬
ures. The very emphatic sign “Don't spit
on the floor” pervaded the exhibition. This
might have been amplified to “don't spit any¬
where where tubercule bacilli may be set
free.”

The collection of tubercular lungs and
other human organs was ghastly but highly
instructive, fine could note the injury wrought
by dust and foul air of cities, mines and
woikshops. as the disease usually started at
some point where the lung had been injured
by inhaling gritty dust and foreign particles.
A cheering note was given in preparations of
healed lungs from formerly consumptive
persons who had died of other diseases, show¬
ing how nature at times overcomes severe
tubercular infections, if aided by a good
constitution and sanitary living. There were
cultures of various disease germs, including
the true Bacillus tuberculosis, of which there
were shown enough to infect a city. The
preparation of tuberculin was well shown.
The methods of spreading the infection by
coughing, sneezing and spitting without sani¬
tary caution and by means of house flies, were
very vividly illustrated. Little or nothing
was evident in the entire exhibition to con¬
nect human consumption with bovine or cow
tuberculosis. Evidently the Association does
not believe there is any special connection.

_ w. v. F.

PRODUCTS , PRICES AND TRADE.

Structural Steel. — The mills turning out
this material are very busy, the demand for
bridge and other building work being un¬
usually large. The total tonnage for the
year is estimated to be 1,200,000 tons.

Wool Prices. — Recent sales at the T/ondon
auctions showed the following figures : 2.700
bales New South Wales, scoured, at 20 to
00 cents, greasy, 15 to 30; 400 bales New
Zealand, greasy, 12 to 25; 200 bales South
African scoured, 35 to 45 cents. The Boston
wool market is only fairly active. Recent
prices are; Michigan tine unwashed, 20 to
27 ; Ohio and Pa., unwashed delaine 29 to
30 ; Territory, fine, 22 to 23.

Inferior Holly. — Gatherers of this dec-
orathe material have made the mistake of
shipping a lot of poor stuff that can hardly
be sold. At a time when buyers were willing
to pay $3 per case for choice holly one of
the P. R. It. piers was piled high with a
lot that was offered at 50 cents per case
with no takers. It was largely scrubby
brush with few berries and spotted leaves.
Some was sold for 25 cents per case.

Preserving Sweet Cider. — “I have some
cider which I wish to keep sweet. IIovv
shall I handle it?” e. k.

Vermont.

The most satisfactory way we have found
is to filter the cider through a fine cloth
to remove all the pomace. Then put in a
porcelain kettle, heat slowly and boil about
five minutes. Put in glass cans or botles
and seal the same as fruit. The heating
destroys the germs of fermentation, which
would otherwise multiply and burst the cans.
The special knack with this process is to
iearn iust when to remove from the fire, as
the least boiling it has the nearer natural
the flavor.

Fruits.' — The holiday trade makes a de¬
cided boom in demand for oranges and apples.
'The quality of the oranges on hand now is
much superior to the unripe fruit received
a month ago. and meets a proportionately
better sale. The general range of prices is
not changed, though scattering sales of the
top grades of all varieties are made at from
50 cents to $1 above figures quoted. Straw¬
berries from Florida have run down as low
as 30 cents per quart, not because of a sur¬
plus, hut on account of their being soft.
These strawberries at their best are none too
good, and I do not understand why the soft
ones should sell at any price. Grapes.
Catawaba and Niagara are retailing at 30

cents and up for four-pound baskets. They
keep quite well until the first of the year,
though an occasional decayed one will be
found Of course this must be selected and
carefully handled fruit. Cranberry prices
hold up well, sales at $14.50 per barrel for
best Cape Cod being noted.

Troubles for Importers. — Judging from
the complaints of dealers the law covering
correct labeling of canned goods and similar
food stuffs is being finite thoroughly enforced,
the customs authorities having sent back to
Europe during the past few weeks large
guantities of improperly labelled goods. This
"makes the shippers and importers wrathy, as
thev evidently thought that Uncle Sam would
not insist upon a technical observance of the
law, at least for some time. There may be
features of this act which are far fetched
and red-tapey, but the quickest way to bring
about any needed modification of the law
is to enforce it rigidly. Of course it will
not add to the popularity of any canned
goods to state that they are packed in
cottonseed or peanut oil instead of olive
oil or contain copper as coloring matter,
yet buyers have a right to know these things,
even though they have been buncoed about
them for years. This law would be particu¬
larly mischievous and unjust if only laxly
looked after, as the goods of well meaning
manufacturers who complied with it could
scarcely compete with others of the same
grade which had escaped analysis and were
under a more favorable label.

Looking Into Investments. — A large pro¬
portion of the so-called securities which
country people are asked to buy by mail
order brokers cannot face even the first two
or three searching questions that a prospect¬
ive investor should ask. The common sense
caution that one would use in buying a pair
of shoes would lay these risky stocks to
one side. There are secrets in many busi¬
nesses, which for trade reasons it would not
be good policy for even the stockholders to
know, hut as a rule these are not things
that a person lias to know to get a fan-
idea of the dollars and cents side of the
business. But this secrecy excuse may be
so handled as to cover up things that an
investor ought, to know. What is the capital
stock? Has it all been paid in? What are
the salaries of officers? Do they have extra
allowances? Does the system of bookkeeping
permit, stuffing the expense account with
unitemized charges? IIow are bills O. K.’d?
Are outstanding accounts permitted to drag?
IIow is the cash account handled, and can
every item l>e traced to some tangible source?
What has been the output of the business
for the past five years, what the expenses
and what dividends have been paid? What
were the itemized resources and liabilities
as shown by the the last trial balance?
These are a few general questions applying
to practically all lines of business and touch¬
ing the vital points. If one had direct,
answers to all of them and such other
special questions as would be readily sug¬
gested bv the branch of business in mind, he
would then have no more data than would
be thought necessary in buying a farm.
Cold turndowns are likely to be the replies
to some of these queries. How absurd that
a man should insist on knowing anything
definite about a stock before putting his
money into it ; leave it all to the judgment
of the financiers ! One can meet such treat¬
ment satisfactorily by keeping his money in
his pocket and looking along the line for
something not frfraid of being investigated.

Ground Bone with Lime.

As iime causes acid phosphate to revert,
what can I use with lime, to take its place?
Is it advisable to use any fertilizer when lime
has been applied after plowing. o. d. t.

Town Hill, Pa.

As we have often explained, fine ground
bone can be used with lime. “Reverting”
means a chemical change by which soluble
phosphoric acid unites with lime so as to be¬
come less soluble. The phosphoric acid in
bone is in this “reverted" form, yet the hone
is an organic form and slowly decays in the
soil. Lime will have little influence on the
potash in fertilizer. Some forms of nitrogen
would be set free by lime, but when both are
worked into the soil this nitrogen will be
held. Except when acid phosphate is used
there need be little fear of using lime with
fertilizers.

Pasturing Cow Peas.

1. Does it diminish the fertilizing power
of a crop of Crimson clover to pasture it
down in the Fall? I have it five or six
inches high, and it would make good pasture.
2. Does it make any material difference in the
fertilizing effects of a crop of late cow peas
if thev are not plowed under till Spring?
Does it make any material difference if they
are not plowed under at all? Would the
working of them into the soil by a disk
harrow in May do any good towards having
another crop of them when left unplowed
under till Spring? mc k.

Berkeley Co.. W. Va.

1. It depends somewhat upon what stock
you use. Hogs, sheep or beef cattle would
take away from the field only what they
carried in their bodies. In 1,000 pounds of
live beef there are 27 pounds of nitrogen,
two of potash and 20 of phosphoric acid.
In the same weight of hog. 20 pounds nitro¬
gen, two of potash and nine of phosphoric
acid. Dairy cows would take more — what
the milk contains and also the manure voided
awav from the field. 2. There is probably
a slight loss when cow peas are left on the
surface of the ground over Winter. Some
leaves are blown away, and small quantities
of nitrogen escape. The loss is slight, how¬
ever. No great difference will be noticed if
the vines are not plowed under, but worked
with a disk harrow in the Spring. This is
now often done in Delaware, and good re¬
sults are reported. Cow peas usually do
better when one crop immediately follows
another, because the peas depend upon certain
bacteria which multiply in the soil when the
crop is grown year after year.

Fertilizer Analysis Explained.

Will you give definition of following terms,
applying to commercial fertilizers? “Moist¬
ure at 212 degrees Fhr., not exceeding 10
per cest” ; “Potash (K 2 O) water soluble not
less than five per cent.” reader.

Florida.

Some of the analyses printed on fertilizer
bags need a key to he understood. “Moist¬
ure at 212” means the amount of water
found in a fair sample of the mixture when
heated to that temperature. All substances
contain more or less water. For example, a
ton of well-cured hay contains about 300
pounds of water, while a ton of wheat or
of corn will carry 275 or more. Heating at
a high temperature will drive most of this
water away in the form of steam or vapor.

To realize this weigh a wet and soggy piece

of wood, then bake it in the oven and weigh
it again. The loss in weight represents the
amount of water driven off by the heat.
Thus this analysis means that when heated
to 212 degrees there should not he more than
200 pounds of water in one ton of the fer¬
tilizer. Usually the buyer accepts the bags
or barrels as marked, and makes no effort

to weigh them to see whether he gets full

weight. In buying ordinary stable manure
by the ton we pay for 1,500 to 1,G00 pounds

of water. Where this manure is bought in

carload lots we have often seen men with
a hose pouring on water so as to make extra
weight. “Potash K 2 O” means the form in
which this element is used by plants. The
metal potassium cannot be kept in its pure
state under ordinary conditions, K 2 O means
two parts of potassium combined with one
part of oxygen, which gives il such form and
character that it can he held and used for
feeding plants. This combination is called
potash, and the analysis means that in one
ton there are 100 pounds of it.

Feeding Values of Dent and Flint Corn.

IIow much more feeding value is there for
horses, in yellow flint corn, than in the
solid dent varieties, white or yellow?

Town Hill, Pa. o. d. t.

On the average there is little difference in
value between flint and dent. About one
per cent of protein is the average in favor
of the flint varieties. Some varieties are
worth more than others, and the soil and
climate also make a difference.

Rotted Manure for Grapes.

Shall I use fresh manure on my grape¬
vines, or manure which lias been lying in the
shed for some time? Manure is from horses
and cows, in which there is some kainit and
land plaster with peat moss. j. l. w.

Overbrook, Pa.

We would wait till early Spring and use
the well rotted manure. If this sheltered
manure has been kept reasonably moist it
will lie fine and in good condition for feed¬
ing the vines. If it is desired to mulch or
cover the ground around the vines the fresh
manure will answer — put on now.

“Do you think that the automobile will
displace the horse?” asked the conversa¬
tional young woman. “It will,” answered
the nervous young man as he gazed down
the road, “if it ever hits him.” — Washing¬
ton Star. _ _

For the land’s sake, use BoWker’s Fer¬
tilizers. They enrich the earth. — Adv.

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E. Walpole. Mass.
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G

OOD, big “mealy potatoes
can not be produced with¬
out a liberal amount of Potash
in the fertilizer — not less than
ten per cent. It must be in the
form of Sulphate of Potash of
highest quality.

“Plant Food” and “Truck Farming” are two practical
books which tell of the successful growing of potatoes and the
ether garden truck — sent free to those who write us for them.

Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York

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Canton, O,

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Book No. 1700

NITRO-
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the wonderful
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93o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

December 30,

uralisms

NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS

The Jersey Beauty Egg Plant. — The
New Jersey Experiment Station has been
doing good work in breeding vegetables
of the market garden type. This is per¬
haps the most difficult and uncertain
phase of plant breeding. Most garden
vegetables are grown annually from seeds
and cannot be propagated extensively by
any method of bud division, so that it is
particularly difficult to fix securely de¬
sirable variations brought about by hy¬
bridization or selection. Then, too, vari¬
eties have been brought to such perfection
by centuries of patient and skillful work
that useful departures from the best types
are now extremely rare. Prof. B. D.
Halsted, the horticulturist of the station,
believes in steady work toward certain
desired modifications in truck vegetables
now extensively grown. One of bis suc¬
cesses is Jersey Beauty egg plant, fruits
of which, much reduced in size, are shown
in Fig. 425, page 926. Prof. Halsted
crossed the Long Purple, a well-known
variety of distinct form and high quality,
not sufficiently productive for market pur¬
poses, with the wdl-known New York
Spineless, the ideal market variety in
everything but table quality, with a view
of combining the good qualities and if
possible eliminating the defects of both.
New York Spineless, especially in the later
improved strains, is early, vigorous and
productive in plant, with very attractive,

• large, oval, deep-purple fruits. They are
good when young, but seedy and tough
when of the usual market size. Long Pur¬
ple needs rich soil to induce strong
growth, is rather late in setting, and not
very productive, but the quality is always
high. Several years of carefi 1 selection
followed the cross-breeding, and the final
result was distributed two years ago under
the name Jersey Beauty. The Rural
Grounds’ trials of the new variety have
been very satisfactory. The plants are
more delicate in the seedling state than
New York Spineless, but are strong and
rapid growers when established outside.
The first fruits set about with New York
Spineless, and grow quickly to good size,
attaining best table quality when six or
seven inches long, but remain in good
eating condition until quite a foot long,
or until the seeds are well developed. The
form is r. long oval, just intermediate be¬
tween the two varieties; color rich dark
purple. The few seeds are formed in the
lower or blossom end of the fruits, thus
allowing many seedless slices to be taken
from the upper portion of the more ma¬
ture fruits. This useful feature is well
shown in sectional view in our illustra¬
tion. When at the best cooking stage the
seeds are scarcely in evidence, and may be
entirely disregarded. Our plants were
highly productive, branching freely and
fruiting without interruption until hard
frosts. While Jersey Beauty may not
prove a serious rival to New York Spine¬
less in the ordinary market, it is likely to
be appreciated wherever quality receives
consideration. We know of no better egg
plant for home use. Too few farm gar¬
deners grow this most acceptable vegetable
at all. There is little comfort in raising
the coarse-grained market kinds for the
household, and it does not seem worth
while to bother with late, unproductive
sorts, even of fine quality, Jersey Beauty
in its present stage of development ap¬
pears good in all points and well worth
trying. Seeds have been distributed only
by the New Jersey Station but will prob¬
ably soon be listed by reliable dealers.

Night Soil for Egg Plants. — The use
of night soil and sewage products has
been very much curtailed of late to meet
the very natural reluctance to use salads,
roots, and vegetables often served raw,
when grown with such fertilizing material.
The objection does not hold with tall-
growing plants whose edible parts are not

in direct contact with the soil and are well
cooked when prepared for the table. Corn
and Lima beans utilize such wastes to
great advantage, getting more benefit than
from the most elaborately balanced chemi¬
cals. They do equally well, however,
with well-composted stable manures. To¬
matoes and peppers are highly stimulated
by night-soil fertilization, but are barred,
as the fruits are extensively used in the
uncooked state. The egg plant is not
open to this objection, and appears par¬
ticularly benefited by such highly nitro¬
genous fertilization. The most successful
growers of egg plant we know depend
quite exclusively on night soil compost,
working a liberal allowance well into the
soil before the plants are set. Some ni¬
trate of soda may be used late in the sea¬
son to stimulate flagging growth, but these
growers think no other form of organic
manure is so well utilized by egg plants
that are called on to make especially rapid
growth and develop a multitude of gigan¬
tic fruits during a comparatively short
growing season. The idea that egg plants
should never be checked from seed germi¬
nation to maturity is sound, but the plants
are so exacting in their love of heat and
high fertility that their requirements can¬
not always be fully met. A good supply
of old, well-composted night soil or sew¬
age will go far to insure success if the
weather does its part.

Insect Pests Inside and Out. — Crop
damages from insects are always beyond
computation. Though we may sum up
the actual cost of lighting specially de¬
structive pests we cannot get at the real
harm done by their presence, nor always
at the amount of injury caused by our
remedial measures. There do not appear
to be figures enough in the arithmetic to
express the reality as regards insect dam¬
age to agricultural interests. The Na¬
tional Department of Agriculture occa¬
sionally issues stunning arrays of statistics
estimating losses caused by insects, but
they probably fall short of the real total.
Two comparatively new pests now engage
the very earnest attention of gardeners in
this locality — the San Jose scale in the
orchards and the white fly or Aleyrodes
on vegetables under glass. The R. N.-Y.
lias printed volumes of information con¬
cerning the scale, and from present ap¬
pearances many more may be needed be- ,
fore it is even reasonably under control.
We have sptayed about 50 well-infested
young fruit trees each with “Scalecide”
and “Target Brand” scale emulsions. Both
are “soluble oils,” that is, a base of pe¬
troleum emulsified or made miscible in
water by the addition of sulphur and cas¬
tor oil in one and rosin in the other. One
gallon of Scalecide was mixed with 19
of water, and one of Target Brand with
24 of water, heating the oils well before
mixing and using warm water, making
mixtures, in both cases, as smooth and
uniform as new milk. The applications
were made November 13 and 20 under
rather ideal conditions of weather. The
trees were most carefully sprayed, using
fine Vermorel nozzles and a first-class
hand pump. When dried the trees
showed a thorough coating of oil and
chemicals. A smaller number of equally
infested trees were sprayed a few days
later with limoid and kerosene — 20 per
cent kerosene — well mixed and emulsified.
Rain held off until the last of November,
a week after the kerosene-limoid treat¬
ment, so that all three of the remedies
should have opportunity to show what
they are able to do in the way of clearing
off the scales.

The White Fly. — This new tropical
pest is rapidly increasing in glass-garden¬
ing localities, being largely carried over
Winter in greenhouses devoted to gerani¬
ums, Begonias, Coleus, tomatoes, cucum¬
bers and other broad-leaved plants, and is
disseminated during Summer on bedding
plants generally. We found it largely in
evidence in plantings of Salvias, gerani¬
ums. Coleus, and to some extent, on
strawberries in the open. It has become
troublesome in most glasshouses growing
mixed stock, but is particularly destructive
in tomato houses, where it is now con¬
sidered the most serious pest. Soap
water, tobacco infusion and other sprays
have proved useless. Tobacco fumigation
has some preventive influence, but is not

able to check the pest when established.
Hydrocyanic gas fumigation is effective,
but tricky and dangerous to operator and
plants. So far the white fly does not
greatly harm plants in the open, but must
be sternly reckoned with under glass.

A Sample P'umigation. — We published
experience with hydrocyanic fumigation
for white fly in the Rural Grounds glass¬
house, early in 1904. We did not grow
tomatoes last Winter, allowing the glass¬
house to remain empty the greater part of
the cold weather, so that when fired up in
early March there was no appearance of
the little white pest. We started our quota
of tomato plants last August, and inspect¬
ed them carefully when housed, about Oc¬
tober 1, but could find no traces of the
fly. All other plants taken in were criti¬
cally examined for the pest without result;
nevertheless a few adults made their ap¬
pearance in November. By the last of the
month the increase was so great, though
tobacco stems enough were used over the
pipes entirely to suppress aphids, thrips,
and other insects, to make hydrocyanic
fumigation necessary. The house con¬
tains something over 2,000 cubic feet of
air space, not reckoning space occupied by
pipes, benches and plants. We used two
ounces 98 per ce-nt cyanide of potassium
tied up in two one-ounce paper packets,
and four ounces commercial sulphuric
acid, diluted with an equal quantity of
water. Four ounces of the diluted acid
each was placed in two glass quart jars,
put in position in the paths at each end
of the house, the packets quickly dropped
in, furthest one first, and the house in¬
stantly vacated and closed. The time se¬
lected was eight o’clock on a dark night,
taking care the plants were dry and the
temperature not over GO degrees. The
house was not entered until morning, and
was first ventilated from the outside, prob¬
ably a needless precaution after so long
an interval, but hydrocyanic gas is too
dangerous to trifle with. All adult white
flies were found dead, but house flies and
a chance mosquito were as lively as ever.
No injury appeared among the plants at
first, but within two days bleaching and
death of portions of young foliage oc¬
curred in nearly all the tomatoes, beets
and roses, showing the limit of endurance
had been passed. Lettuce and many thick¬
leaved plants showed no harm. Search
was made for eggs, nymphs and pupae of
the white fly, and all infested leaves
burned. The poisoned plants quickly out¬
grew their slight injuries, and absolutely
no white flies could be found for 15 days
after the fumigation, when a stray indi¬
vidual, probably developed from the re¬
sistant larval stage, was noticed. We
hope to get through the season with not
over one or two more fumigations, and
will reduce the quantity next time to one
and one-half ounce of this high-grade
cyanide. w. v. F.

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Price of fuel per case (x doz. bricks) 65 cts.

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AVE YOUR BACK

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Saw
Service

A good example of the remarkable service given by
Keen Kutter Tools is shown in the Keen KutterHand
Saw illustrated here. This saw was used for twelve
years by a carpenter, who pronounced it the best saw he
had ever used in thirty years experience, and as perfectly
satisfactory in every respect.

And every other tool in the Keen Kutter line is as
good a tool of its kind as Keen Kutter Hand Saws
The long life of tools bearing the

trade mark is not chance or accident. It is due to the fact
that nothing is spared to make Keen Kutter 'Fools the best
that brains, money and skill can produce.

The Keen Kutter Line has been Standard of America
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I hink what it means to you to be able to buy the best tools
that are made, of every kind, simply by remembering the one
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Following are some of the various kinds of Keen Kutter Tools; Axes,
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Files, Planes, Draw Knives, Saws, Tool Cabinets, Scythes, Hay
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If your dealer does not keep Keen Kutter Tools, write us and
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r

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Every K pen Kutter Tool Is sold under
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Send fur Tuul Booklet-

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

93 J

Hope Farm Notes

Root Pruned Trees. — At Fig. 426, on page
927, is a picture of two of our peacli trees to
show how the roots start. These trees were
planted in crowbar holes. June-bud trees were
cut back so that about one foot of stem was left
above ground. The roots were pruned so that
not even a stub of a side root was left.

We punched a hole with a crowbar right in a
brush-grown field, where no plowing had
been done for at least 30 years, 'the little
trees were put down into the holes, and water
and sand poured in, then packed down haul
around the root. The white mark shows
how far into the ground they were set.
These trees did not receive the care they
should have had, and they grew slowly at
first. I have dug up quite a number of them
to see what they were doing, and in every
case thus far they have started like those
in the picture. Their first effort seems to
be a series of tap-roots, which dig straight
down into the ground. The bottom of the
root under favorable conditions forms a
callus, and then sends out roots just about
like a currant cutting. As will be seen in
the picture these roots go down. I have
traced them until I feel sure they reached
nearly or quite to the water level. I take
it that the chief object of this deep-rooted
system is to supply water to the tree. That
seems to explain why such trees are better
able to stand drought or lack of cultivation
than trees with most of the xmots close to the
surface. I am led by the appearance of these
trees to argue that if a man expects to suc¬
ceed with sod or mulch culture he should
start with root-pruned trees aud, if possible,
get this tap-rooted system.

I have dug up a good many trees and have
spent much time in orchards where dead
trees are being pulled out These trees were
all planted in large holes, with long roots left
on them, and some pains taken to spread
these roots out without cramping them. In
such orchards I have never yet found a
tree rooted as mine are. With the large
hole and long roots I rarely find a tree with
any useful roots much below two feet from
the surface. On my root-pruned trees the
tap-roots are often six feet or more under
ground. Of course we all understand that
the best feeding roots of the tree are in the
upper foot or 18 inches. The fact that
under this system these upper feeding roots
are slow to start seems to account for the
slow growth of these trees for the first year
or two. Later, after the tap or what I call
“water roots’’ are well fixed, the small feed¬
ing roots come out from below the crown
of the tree, and growth comes rapidly.

This is the result of planting in a crow¬
bar hole. I do not practice it now, but make
a larger hole, and leave on more side root.

Why? If this is a good thing why give
it up?

I do not give up the principle, but modify
it. The crowbar hole is so small that you
can never be sure that the air is kept away
from the lower end of the root. It Is ab¬
solutely necessary to have this part of the
hole packed tight — otherwise the root will
not form a callus and will rot or dry out.
Again, where no side roots are left, the
tree as it forms a head and stops the wind

will whirl about in the hole, form a large

opening at the top and often fall over. It

is possible to stake the little tree and hold

it firmly, but I think it better to leave short
stubs at the side of the roots, pruning them
from the under side. We then dig a hole
just large enough to hold the roots without
cramping, and pound and pack the earth
solidly around the roots. In this way we
do not get just the root growth shown in the
picture, but we do get, thus far at least,
a much deeper start than where the tree is
planted in a large hole with long roots left
on it. Thus far I am unable to see any ad¬
vantage in making a great hole and leaving
on the roots, and every orchard I see dug
out stiffens my faith in the root-pruning
method. I think any man who knows much
about a tree wil say that such roots as
I have pictured are more likely to bring
water in time of drought than the surface
roots which are found on most trees. This
will explain why I compare a root-pruned tree
to clover, and a long-rooted tree to Timothy.
Observe the way these act in a “dry time.”

Why Is It? — I am often asked why these

roots start as they do. I must say frankly
that I do not know. Many a man who thinks
he has put his roots squarely into knowledge
finds them quickly chopped off by a good
“why” ' The scientific men look wise, and
generally say that later these roots will
follow the natural habit of the tree and
come to the surface. That satisfies me that
they never saw a root-pruned tree dug up,
and that science sometimes tries to climb
over a stump by the aid of a guess. My
theory is that the little tree in the small
hole, with the earth packed hard around it.
must send its roots along the line of least
resistance, That seems to me the simplest
explanation for this tap-root growth. When
the tree is put in a large hole with mellow
soil about the roots, it seems evident that
the growth will naturally he into this softer
soil, consequently we have a horizontal
growth near the surface. It is the habit
of the clover root to dig down for water,
but not so, as I think, with the root of
the transplanted fruit tree, which must be
driven to it, if at all, by artificial means.
Thus on damp soil where the water is close
to the surface this close root-pruning might
be just the thing not to do. while on out-
dry bills it is an advantage. To make a
human application, we might say that Robin¬

son Crusoe planted on his desert island was
root-pruned and put in a small hole. H© was
forced to root deeply and firmly, under bard
conditions, or he would have died. A boy
thrown out upou the world under hard con¬
ditions is root-pruned. If he grow into what
is called a “self-made man” he will hnd that
the self-denial and hard struggle of early
life has made him root deeper into life prob¬
lems and human nature than he could othei
wise have done. Yet this is not the best,
way to start and bring up a boy. It developes
some sides of character, but he misses some
of the best parts of life, from the fact that
childhood gave him too little hold upon
home and human love. 1 think that trees
are more like men than most of us think.
My owu childhood was root-pruned closer
than 1 like. My children shall have stubs
on their childish days, though 1 know the
folly of leaving those stubs too long. 1 er-
haps that is one reason why I stub-prune
the trees.

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

CLARK’S REV.

BUSH PLOW and HARROW
i Cuts a track 5 feet wide, 1
? foot deep. Connects sub
\ soil water. Can plow a
( newly cut forest, stump,
£ bush or bog land.

C LA UK’S Dbl. ACTION
CUT 1 H AT Moves 18,000
A Tons of Earth in a Day.
tt ' Send for Circulars,
v HIGGANUM, CONN., U.S.A,

Cider Machinery— Send for Catalogue to Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse, N.Y.

“Fireless Cook Stove.” — The following
letter conies from Tennessee. I print it be¬
cause not only is the practical advice worth
following but the principle of it teaches a
good New Year's lesson.

“I am very much interested in this simple
and inexpensive way of cooking, and am
anxious to tell all your readers about it.

Get a tight wooden box, say about three feet
long, one and one-hall' foot deep and one and
one-half foot wide, (this is size ol mine) a
candy bucket or steamer trunk would do.

Fill this tight with hay or straw (straw is
best). My box will hold three one-gallon
granite buckets. In one bucket I put a
young chicken, another potatoes sliced, an¬
other rice or evaporated peaches — put these
on stove and let boil 10 minutes, then take
off the fire quickly and bury in the box of
hav. Put hay on top and all around tight,
then fasten the lid down and double a quilt
or blanket and put on top of box. lhen
you have a nice window seat. I1 or cooking
navy beans and evaporated peaches soak all
night or a few hours beforehand^ — you can
cook an old hen or pigs’ feet if you will
take them and reboll 10 minutes.at the end
or five or six hours, aud put them back and
let them finish cooking. Things that are
hard to cook I let stay in all night. I his
way of cooking is fine where you have to
economize in fuel, or when you want to go
away and spend the day. I put. my six
o’clock dinner ou when I am cooking break¬
fast then it is ready when I return— with
a little heating up to make gravies. I cook
my Sunday dinner in same way, put in hay
box and when I return it is all done. The
steam in the buckets, that cannot escape, is
what does the cooking. Do try it; tins Is
a fine thing. I am so anxious for the tireless
cook stove to lie used and experimented with.

Be sure you have granite buckets with lids
fitting in tight. In taking buckets off tire I
wipe them off with a wet cloth to prevent
setting my hay box afire.” e. w. w.

Nashville, Tenu.

This principle of making the most of heat
is well worth thinking about. When I was
a boy I knew people to dig a hole in the
ground, start a good tiro therein and when
the wood burned down put a pot. of beans or
a kettle of “boiled dinner" in the ashes, cover
the hole over and go away. The heat was
utilized to cook the food. Out on the plains
25 years ago fuel was very scarce. Hay tied
into knots and dry cow manure was largely
used. 1 have seen a box packed with wool
used. In the center, with the wool around it,
was a deep iron cylinder. Boiling water was
poured into this cylinder and a smaller one
containing the food was put down into this
water and covered. The whole thing was
packed tight and left alone so that the hoa t
of the water cooked the food. This principle
is not new, and can be made very useful
just as our friend says. Explorers who go
hunting for the North Bole sleep in skin bags
with bottles of hot water inside. The applica¬
tion of it to human affairs is more useful yet.
Most of us are wasteful of energy, while others
waste love and charity much as housekeepers
waste fuel and heat. We see what the heat
of boiling water will do when it is confined
inside the box so that it cannot idly escape.
Think what a human life could accomplish
if its energy and love could be utilized in
this way — not wasted in experiment or idle
purpose, but bravely and patiently devoted
to one useful and true thing until that thing
were done, so that it led to another. If
I had the power to give a New Year's
present to each of my friends I would see
that during 1906 they took up this principle
of the “tireless cook stove,” and stuck to
opportunity as the heat in the box stays by
the food. The world is suffering for lack
of this strong, steady, patient work of band
and heart. There are lots of good men who
are trying to heat up the entire world, and
they find it a cold job. If we could only
box them in and save a good share of their
heat thoroughly to cook the things in our
homes anyone can see that the world would
be better off for it. Let’s try aud make a
good job of the thing close at hand before
we branch out too much.

Blankets Wanted! — II eye we have a call
which may stir up some one like a bugle
blast :

“This frostv weather puts me In mind of
something ; Did you ever in your travels
run across what used to be called blanket
sheets? When I was a bit of a boy I
boarded one Winter with a Quaker family In
Pennsylvania. The house was of stone, no
fire except In the kitchen and on Sundays in
the best room. The room I slept in was a
little colder than outdoors, but I had a
feather bed and blanket sheets, and I was
warm from the moment I crawled in till I
got out. These blanket sheets were thin
blankets woven by hand in this case, and
went into the wash every week same as
linen sheets. My. but they were good to
crawl into on a cold night : no shivers and
shakes as with ordinary sheets. I like a
cold room to sleep in. and I often long for
some of those blanket sheets, but alas, I
have never been- able to secure any. If
you ever run across them In your wanderings
let me know, for I would hail a chance to
buy some with much joy. Another good
thing was they didn’t cut them in two at
the foot, so that when you once got in you
couldn’t bv any chance stick your feet out
T suppose they were harder to wash this way
but it was worth It. I can guarantee them
as a sure panacea for people who sleep cold
especially if supplemented by a feather bed
that lets you sink down until it shuts to
on top of you like a warm wave. However,
that’s not necessary, and the doctors say that
feather beds are unhygienic.”

I never saw one of these blankets. In
my barn-storming days I often slept on corn
husks with newspapers between sheet and
blanket, and all the clothes I took off piled
on top. I slept well too — better than some
people can on $1,000 beds. If anyone knows
where these blanket sheets may be found —
why they have the floor! n. w. c.

27 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

is behind every

CALDWELL
TANK AND TOWER

WE BUILD.

Otir Tanks are tight ami durable.

Our Towers will Btaud in any storm.

Get our references in your Hection. Also
our illustrated catalogue and pricelist.

W. IS. CALDWELL CO.

Louisville, Ky.

BEATS THE

Grindstone

Ten Times Over.

Grind any tool, knife to mower
sickle, with the

Practical
Grinder.

3.000 revolutions of
carborundum wheel
per minute. Greatest
abrasive known. No
pressure needed, does
not draw temper or'
heat tools. Every
home needsit. Write
for price and circu¬
lar. A few good
agents wanted.

ROYAL MFC. CO., 2?@ E. Walnut St„ Lancaster, Pa.

CHAMPION EVAPORATOR.

For Maple, Sorghum,
Cider and Fruit
Jellies.

CHAMPION
EVAPORATOR
CO. HUDSON, 0.

Write
for
cata¬
log giving
number of
trees you
tap.

MAPLE EVAPORATORS

Most Durable, Most Economical, Cheapest.
Syrup Cans and Sap Palls.

McLANE-SCHANCK HDW. CO., LlnesvIIIe, Pa.

Also, Mfrs. of the “Sunlight” Acetylene Gas Machine

100 Per Cent INVESTMENT.

Wo can prove to anvfair minded man that
Wonder Gasoline Engines
aro 100 per cent. Cheaper, 100
per cent. LIGHTER and 100 per
cent. SIMPLER than any other
make of Engines anywhere,
and we'll prove it by a Free
Trial on your own farm.
Write and ask us. It. M.
CORNWELL CO. ,444 So.
Salina St., Syracuse, N.Y

&

> Kvfl £

Making Winter
Money.

In this country there is a vast Oppor¬
tunity for the man on the farm to turn
i his winter days into money. There is
work everywhere for a man who owns
and knows how to handle a good, service-
I able power. And it does not take a tech¬
nical man, a trained mechanic to make
money in this way. We do the technical
part. We study the thing out and put it
| up to you. Then you make money all
through the winter days when most of
your neighbors are idle. That’s what
makes men prosperous and powerful in
this country— taking advantage of the
i opportunities that lie right at their door.

I Take the matter up with our Farm
I Power Men. Write about the work in
I your neighborhood and let us lay out a
money making campaign for you. Itwon’t
cost you anything to see what we can sug¬
gest. And don’t wait. Write now. Let us
send you our free book on Farm Power.

ADDRESS

Fairbanks Farm Power Men.

THE FAIRBANKS CO..

NEW YORK.

I Scales, trucks, valves and fittings, gas and
gasoline engines, farm machines, machine
tools, factory power transmission,
factory supplies.

Albany, New Orleans, Baltimore.

Boston. Philadelphia, Pittsburg,

Buffalo, Syracuse, Hartford,

. Bangor, Me.,

London, England, Glasgow, Scotland.

A SIMPLICITY GASOLINE ENGINE

rnrr Ml TDI1I to any man who require* power on
rntt Ull I HI A L Ills farm. To prove that, the SIM¬
PLICITY will do moro work at leee coat hi leas time than any
other power or any other engine, we will let you uae It lliat, and
then U aatlalled you can pay for It on our eaay term*. FKKB
TRIAL PLAN, catalogue showing engine tn uae, Inatructiou and
experience hooka, all aent FRKK to those who write. Address

WESTERN MALLEABLE & GREY IRON MFG.
CO., 30 Chase St„ Milwaukee, Wis.

CAPITAL

GAS & GASOLINE

ENGINES

We will sell a
sample 3H> H. P.
engine at half

price. _ _

C. H. A. Dissinger & Bro

400 Cherry Street

Wrightaville, Penna.

THE WATERLOO

GASOLINE ENGINE.

A POPULAR
ENGINE AT THE
RIGHT PRICE
Write to-day,

Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Co.,

WATERLOO. IOWA.

YOUNG MEN WANTED — To learn the

Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent
free. Address VETERINARY COLLEGE,
Grand Rapids, Mich. L. L. Conkey . Prim

There is no gas engine as simple as an Olds — compare It with others and this
statement Is proved. The repairs cost practically nothing. Every adjustment Is
very simple to make. Exact duplicates of any part can be furnished at once, perfectly
machined and ready to put on. This is important In case of accident.

The Most Economical Engine

For sawing wood, pumping, feed grinding, churning, running cream separator and all farm work.
Our reference — The Usei — The Man with an Olds.

The reason why is interestingly told in our catalog mailed on request. Tell us your require¬
ments and we will help you figure out what you need. Send for our catalog showing Type A
(2-8 h. p.), Type G (8-50 h. p.). Types K and N (12-1200 h. p. used with our Gas Producer
it will reduce fuel cost 75 per cent.)

Celebrated Picture Free. ,

For 4c in stamps to pay cost of mailing we will also send you Rob. . Bonheur s Horse
Fair,” the most celebrated auimal picture in the world, size 16x20 beautifully
colored, suitable for framing.

OLDS GASOLINE ENGINE WORKS. Lading. Mich.

908 Chestnut Street.

932

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30,

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.

A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.

Established 1850.

Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor.

Du. Walter Van Fleet,
Mus. E. T. Kovle,

J- Associates.

John J. Dillon, Business Manager

SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04,
equal to 8s. (id., or 8% marks, or 10 francs.

“A SQUARE DEAL.”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is
backed by a responsible person. But to make doubly sure
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest,
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing the adver¬
tiser.

ing hopes. He bought packets of the “culture” and gave
them careful treatment in the laboratory. They were
found to be worthless for practical purposes. The bac¬
teria were killed by drying, or were too feeble to mul¬
tiply. This was under the most favorable conditions—
i-n the hands of a farmer the chances for usefulness
would be still smaller. This does not prove that the
bacteria are of no value, or that some method of soil
inoculation will not prove useful. It does show that
this boasted plan of distribution is unreliable, to say the
least. Now, after the great splurge made by the Depart¬
ment over this thing, wouldn’t you think several gen¬
tlemen at Washington would like to make themselves
as small as the bacteria are said to be? One good thing,
however, is that there hasn’t been a peep from the
Department since the exposure last Summer.

*

California orange growers now intend to try for
the Northern Europe trade. They think they can ship
fruit to England and points north of Holland so as to
compete with fruit from Spain and Italy. This is what
we are told :

Name and address of sender, and what the remittance
is for, should appear in every letter.

Remittances may be made in money order, express order,
personal check or bank draft.

THE RURAI. NEW-YORKER,

409 Pearl Street, New York.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1905.

TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.

In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes.
We depend on our old friends to make this known to
neighbors and friends.

*

Next week we shall give a fair synopsis of the Agri¬
cultural Department’s investigations of fence wire. We
regard this as among the most practical work the De¬
partment has ever done. It is a first-rate thing to begin
the new year with. We shall have better wire when we
wake up and demand it. Those who sit down, waiting
for others to get the wire for them, will rust worse than
the wire.

*

We hear from some faint-hearted people who say that
since the Postmaster General falls down over the par¬
cels post they expect we will quit talking about it.
Why — we shall talk all the harder about it. If we had
so little perseverance as that we would take a month
off, hunt up some good bulldog and sit down beside him
for inspiration! Quit? When Congress gives us a par¬
cels post — not before!

*

Wherever we go we find farmers who are putting
comforts and conveniences into their houses, buying new
stock and tools and building and repairing barns. “I’ll
make sure the grafters don’t get this money !” they say.
In one way. the shaking up which the insurance business
is getting proves a good thing for farmers and general
business. It means fewer savings sent away to strangers
for investment, and much more spent at home for
things that are needed. It’s a good thing in half a
dozen different ways.

*

The Winter has been “open” thus far — with bright
weather and very little snow. There is a general be¬
lief that a heavy coat of snow helps the soil — especially
grass or grain crops. Snow is “the poor man’s ma¬
nure” because it washes a small amount of nitrogen
out of the air and protects plants from the heave and
settle which go with frost and thaw. Bare ground, on
the other hand, is helped by the alternate freezing and
thawing of the warm Winter day. The soil is opened
and broken by this action, especially an old sod with
the furrows left rough.

*

What do you mean by a “rebate,” and how can it
hurt business? We get these questions from dozens of
people. We hear of a large store in the West which
undersold competitors. The game was to show the orig¬
inal bills for goods and railroad bills and charge 10 per
cent extra. At these prices other merchants were
obliged to close their stores. At the end of six months
the “successful” store received quietly a “rebate” or a
portion of the cost of the freight paid back to them.
There was enough of this to make a fine profit. The
competitors got no “rebate.” With the greater powers
given the Interstate Commission, if the railroads were
caught at such a trick, the lower rate would have to
go for all !

*

We all remember how, last year, the papers and mag¬
azines were full of wild talk about “nitro-culture.” It
looked to some as though the world of toil and sweat
and economizing on the farm had come to an end. The
little packets of “bacteria” from the Agricultural De¬
partment and commercial houses were to revolutionize
farming. We were to soak the cotton and the bacteria
would do the rest. Prof. Harding, of the Geneva Ex¬
periment Station, has thrown ice water upon these glow-

Tbe railways propose to join in the experiment by giv¬
ing a lower rate to Europe than they do to New York.
The new rate to Europe -is $1. as against $1.25 a hundred
pounds to the Atlantic seaboard.

Think of it! These railroads intend to carry a box
of oranges 6.000 miles for $1, while they will charge
$1.25 for carrying the same box 3,000 miles! Now
read what the Attorney General said — on page 900. If
we had the desired powers given to the Interstate Com¬
merce Commission this sort of thing would correct
itself, for the railroad would make its own rates. If it
saw fit to cut down rates for certain favored shippers,
that would be taken as evidence that it could do the
same for all, and the lower rate would be the standard.
It stands to reason that if the railroads can ship oranges
to England for less than they now charge to New York
the present rate is too high. This great desire to
increase our export trade by giving to foreigners special
prices and advantages is an outrage, because it is large¬
ly done at the expense of Americans. The railroads
appear to charge too much for carrying food for Ameri¬
cans in order to experiment with carrying goods to
foreigners.

*

The Hon. Thomas C. Platt has stated his position re¬
garding a parcels post. He is waiting, he says, to see
what the people want ! Some desire has been expressed
to learn how the other half of New York's Senatorial ex¬
hibit stands on this question. We wrote Senator Depew,
and on December 12 received this illuminating reply:

Answering your letter in regard to the parcels post
bill. .1 am awaiting with much interest the provisions
of the bill and the recommendations of the Postmaster-
General. Very truly yours,

waiting game. It is doubtful if they adopt the same
method in dealing with express, insurance or railroad
matters, or with political contributions. Of course Sen¬
ator Depew will recall Milton’s famous line:

“They also serve who only stand and wait.”

Milton referred to his blindness — though deprived of
his sight he would not remain the slave of misfortune.
Senator Depew comes neatest to resembling Milton in
the fact that he is blind — not physically as the poet was,
but in a sadder and far more ignoble sense He “stands
and waits” — but who does he think he is serving? Sure¬
ly not the people who made him what he is! However,
let us take the Senator right at his word ! The Post¬
master General recommends that third and fourth class
mail matter be bunched, as we explained last week.
This is a very small favor, but if Senator Depew will
favor it we shall consider that he has inched in the
right direction — with a long distance still to travel.

*

Tn looking over the last volume of The R. N.-Y. we
find 940 pages, carrying the record of a year’s service
As these pages were filled week by week we thought
they held our best work. Looking them over now, after
the ink has grown very cold, we confess to a feeling of
dissatisfaction. The record must stand, but we feel
that it can be improved, and so we look hopefully for¬
ward to the new year, where the past year’s gain in
experience, confidence, insight and maturer Judgment
can find expression. We hope to make The R. N.-Y.
for 1906 carry the solid qualities of the past, with a
good growth of firm live wood full of fruit buds We
could fill a page with sincere expressions of approval
from readers, but we prefer to make the paper speak
for itself. We do not as a rule make definite promises
for the future, because much of the policy of the paper
is shaped by the expressed desires of our readers. We
have, however, arranged for a number of strong fea¬
tures, a few of which are mentioned.

Alfred Johnson, of New Jersey, will tell in his own

words how he left the city when past 50, ran in debt
for a little farm, and paid out. He handled hens and
small fruits and sold most of his produce at wholesale.
This is not the story of a "great success,” but a plain,
earnest statement of the way a common man gained
home and competence by his own labor. We feel safe
in saying that nothing quite like this history has ever
appeared in print.

M. Garrahan, of Pennsylvania, will write a series of
articles on restoring worn-out soil. We have long regard¬
ed Mr. Garrahan as one of the most intelligent farmers in
this country. He bought a farm that had gone into
retirement and by shrewd and careful management
brought it into such shape that the crops of a single year
have sold for more than the original cost of the farm.
Mr. Garrahan will tell in easy, simple language just how
this was done, and what he would do with another such
farm. As a study of the practical use of chemicals and
green manure crops these articles will rank as classics.

Geo. A. Cosgrove, of Connecticut, will give during
the year a record of the business done by his flock of
hens. We shall be told each month how many eggs
were laid and what they brought, the amount of grain
consumed and its cost and methods of care, conditions
of fowls and other items which interest hen men. The
business of this successful hen farm will be opened like
the works of a watch, and readers may ask questions
or discuss details.

These are but three of dozens of new features we
have in mind. Dairymen, sheep men, small fruit grow¬
ers. orchardists — practical and honest men in every line
of farm labor — will give us their best. Needless to say,
the home and its needs will not be neglected, for we
remain on record as saying that no product of the farm
can compete in value with the home crop. In short, our
ambition for 1906 is to serve our readers faithfully and
fearlessly, and we confidently expect them to spend the
year with us.

BREVITIES .

A SOFT job for one means a harder job for another.

If you have any other place like home we are sorry for
you.

Don’t make any New Year’s resolutions. Mend a few of
the old ones.

There are some farms where a pile of dry stove fuel would
be the most appropriate New Year's gift for mother.

Skimming books means taking out the skim-milk and leav¬
ing the cream. A good remedy is to talk with the children
about the books tliey read.

“Compulsory education in domestic training” is the latest
scheme for settling the female help question. We want to
know who is to do the educating?

Those cocoa-fed broilers described by Mr. Mapes on page
926 may cost as much as though they were fed on chocolate
bon-bons before they reach the consumer.

What about Mr. Cosgrove’s problem? Read the “Autobi¬
ography of a Thief" and see that, a criminal must be severely
punished before he will admit that crime does not pay.

The Hope Farm man did not make the New Jersey Legis¬
lature, but he can make life a burden for some one who did
— until the State agrees to pay for damage done by wild
animals.

The Delaware State Grange endorsed the Pennsylvania
Railroad’s action in shutting off free passes — said to be
about the first complimentary word these farmers have said
about the road.

A Chicago physician says that no one should perform hard
bodily or mental labor before eating. A good many of us
would like to know how we are ever going to get anything
to eat if we don’t.

The water ways on the Delaware Peninsula offer about
the only fair chance for freight competition with the rail¬
roads. No wonder the State Grange demands that these
streams lie kept open.

To show how everywhere farmers are hunting for fertiliz¬
ing materials we may say that vulture’s manure is sold at
Johannesburg, South Africa, at $35 per ton ! Analysis shows
that it is worth nearly $80!

One of our reade-s in Oklahoma went to Louisiana and
bought a farm. Not being satisfied with the labor he rented
the farm to the best colored man he could find, and also
made him a yearly subscriber to The R. N.-Y'. Then he said,
“Me to Oklahoma !”

One correspondent says that fence wire put up 15 years
ago, which cost $2.75 per 100 pounds, is perfectly good yet,
while wire put up six or seven years ago. at a cost of $4.25
per 100, is entirely rusted out. Ix>t’s see, aren’t we told
that the consolidation of vast commercial enterprises, which
destroys competition, really operates to the advantage of
the consumer?

We recently asked a good farmer in Michigan to tell us
how to take care of tools in Winter. This is his answer —
quite acceptable : “Yon know I couldn’t do it while my own
were under the hospitable care of the apple tree, and by the
time ! had thpm housed. I was behind ‘She procession, so I
send you instead my renewal for the coming year and one
10-weeks subscription.”

The poets are often after us this year. Here is a sam¬
ple from Pennsylvania :

“Inclosed you will find a silver bug.

Well known for its national fame:

It settles upon the editor’s desk.

And hands in another name.

"That name, though but a unit,
nelps build a mighty list,

And generally brings an eagle
Down, into the editor's fist.”

We can stand a large number of eagles.

1905,

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

933

Events of the Week.

DOMESTIC. — The mixing house at the works of the
Du Pont Powder Company, near Boyles, eight miles north
of Birmingham, Ala., was blown up accidentally December
13 killing live workingmen instantly. The victims were
blown to atoms, particles of their bodies being found in

tree tops a long distance from the scene of the disaster.

Four of them were white men. The force of the explosion

was felt for miles. . . . The Federal Grand Jury at

Chicago December 13 returned indictments against the
Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, John M. Faithorn,
former vice-president of the Company, and P. A. Wahn, for¬
mer general freight agent, for alleged granting ot rebates
to the packing firm of Schwarzscliild & Sulzberger, and
giving free transportation to the employees of the same
company. 'Itie indictments are based on testimony given
to the grand jury by B S. Cusey, traffic manager for
Schwarzscliild & Sulzberger, Cusey was one of four em¬
ployees of the packing house firm who were .ndieted some
time ago for soliciting rebates. Cusey and two others
were fined $5,000 each, and Samuel Weil, one of the ”';e-
presidents of the company, was fined $10,000 by Judge
Humphrey. Three specific violations of the law against the
granting of rebates are mentioned in the indictment. The
Federal Grand Jury at Philadelphia indicted, December 14,
the Great Northern Railway Company and several local
agents for giving illegal rebates. Indictments against the
following fourteen persons and corporations were reported
by the Federal Grand Jury in the United States District
Court at Kansas City, Mo., December 15. The Armour
Packing Company, Swift & Co., the Cudahy Packing Com¬
pany, Nelson Morris, Edward Morris, Ira N. Morris, the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad the Chicago and
Alton Company, John N. Faithorn, ex-vice-president of
Chicago and Alton ; Fred A. Wahn, former general freight
agent for Kansas and Oklahoma miners, George II. Crosby,
freight traffic manager Chicago, Burlington and Quincy;
George L. Thomas, traffic agent, New York : L. B. Taggart,
clerk for C. I.. Thomas, New York. The indictments
against Faithorn, Crosby, Thomas and Taggart charge
conspiracy. Under the statutes the men indicted for con¬
spiracy may, if convicted, be sentenced to imprisonment for
not more than two years and fined not less than $1,000
nor more than $10,000. The indictments against the pack¬
ing companies whose names appear in the list charge that
they entered into a contract with the Burlington railway
to accept concessions, otherwise called rebates, on shipments
of their products from East St. Louis to New York for
export. . . . The so-called brick trust of Chicago sur¬

rendered completely to State’s Attorney John .1. Healy and
his assistant. Harry Olson. December 18 in Judge Smith's
court, when nine of the ten defendants pleaded guilty to the
first count in the indictment, charging conspiring illegally
to restrain trade, and paid fines of $2,000 each, which
aggregated $18,000. The Courts also ordered the defendants
to pay the costs. Within two minutes after final judgment
had been entered the fines had been paid. The defendants
in the case are: George C. Trussing, president of the Illi¬
nois Brick Company; John II. Gray, sales agent for the
Illinois Brick Company : William II. Weckler, general su¬
perintendent of the Illinois Brick Company; Edward .1.
Tomlins, sales agent for the Chicago Brick Company ; John
Shelhamler, sales agent of the American Brick Company :
Patrick McMahon, business agent for the Brick, Sand, Lime
and Terra Cotta Teamsters' Union; Charles Hank, business
agent of the Brickmakcrs' Union; the Illinois Brick Com¬
pany, the Chicago Brick Company and the American Brick
Company. . . . The jury in the case of William G.
Crawford, the former deputy auditor for the Postoffice De¬
partment, who was indicted on a charge of conspiracy with
August W. Machen and George E. Lorenz, to defraud the
United States in connection with a contract for supplying
the Postoffice Department with letter carriers’ satchels, re¬
turned a verdict of guilty December lfi. The jury also
found Crawford guilty on an indictment charging him with
presenting false vouchers for furnishing shoulder straps for
carriers' satchels. Notice was immediately given by de¬
fendant's counsel that application would be made for a
new trial, pending which, Crawford was released on $1(1.000
bail. . . For the first time in modern history a State
has made housebreaking a capital offence. Mississippi has
adopted the following law: “Every person who shall be
convicted of breaking and entering, day or night, (lie dwell¬
ing of another in which there shall be at the time some
human being .with intent to commit some crime therein,
shall suffer death, unless the jury shall fix the punishment
at imprisonment for life, as in case of murder.” Burglaries
accompanied by shooting of householders led to making of
this law.

ADMINISTRATION. — The administration made public De¬
cember 17 some interesting correspondence, giving a detailed
explanation of the reasons for the failure of the Government
to prosecute officers of the Atchison. Topeka and Santa Fe
Railroad system, including Paul Morton, formerly Secretary
of the Navy in Mr. Roosevelt's Cabinet, and now head of the
Equitable Life Assurance Society, on charges growing out
of alleged violations of the Elkins anti-rebate law. The
correspondence consists of two letters, one from Attorney-
General Moody to President Roosevelt and the other the
President’s response, in which he approves Mr. Moody's de¬
cision that there was no warrant for prosecution of Mr.
Morton. A resolution was introduced in the Senate Decem¬
ber It! by Senator Tillman of South Carolina, and was
adopted, calling for a statement of the Administration's
action in the Atchison anti-rebate case, but there is no
connection between this resolution and the President’s direc¬
tion to the Attorney-General to give the history of the case,
for Mr. Moody’s statement, in response to the President’s
direction, bears date of December 13 and was acknowledged
by the President on December 15.

ARCTIC EXPLORATION. — Capt. Roland Amundsen, who
left Norway in June, 1903, in charge of an Arctic expedition,
has for the first time in history navigated the Northwest
Passage and absolutely located the true north magnetic pole
— that is, found the spot where the magnetic needle stands
vertical. Amundsen established his first base in Ijeopold
Harbor, where he made absolute magnetic observations dur¬
ing 1904. In the Summer of 1905 he established his second
base station on King William’s Island, and erected self-reg¬
istering instr iments. The long sought monument set up by
the Franklin expedition is believed to have been found by
the captain near the north magnetic pole. The importance
of his observations to navigation cannot be overestimated.
Since 1492, when Columbus first noted the various devia¬
tions of the needle from the true north, scientists have en¬
deavored. without success, to find a reason. Amundsen's
self- registering instruments will supply the absolute obser¬
vations which will complete and correct calculators for
navigators on every sea. Surveying also from a fixed and
absolute base will correct errors in maps and charts of
Arctic regions and a number of terrestrial phenomena will
be accurately recorded.

FARM AND GARDEN. — The annual meeting of the Ohio
Horticultural Society will be held at Columbus January
10-12, 1906; Secretary E. M. Woodard, Collinwood, O.

The Iowa State College. Ames. Iowa, will hold its short
course in stock judging and animal husbandry January 2-13,
1 906.

The National Fanciers’ and Breeders' Association will hold
its Chicago show, January 22-27.. In the Seventh Regiment
Armory. Instead of the Coliseum, as previously announced.

The New York poultry, pigeon and pet stock show will
take place at the Madison Square Garden January 2-6. The
New York Cat Show, under supervision of the Atlantic Cat
Club, will be seen in the Concert Hall of the Garden. Stand¬
ard breeds of fowl, fancy birds, a multitude of pigeons, ex¬
hibition yards of families of birds, incubators, and equip¬
ments for the poultry yard will Ire shown to the best advan¬

tage, while the canary and caged bird section will Ire under
the auspices of the New York Ornithological Society.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK SHOW. — The programme of
the opening day, December 16, at the great Chicago show
was confined to the students' judging contest, seven colleges
being represented by 35 students, who spent the day exam¬
ining the hundreds of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, and
giving their reasons to a galaxy of agricultural talent repre¬
sented by 36 judges under the direction of Professor W. J.
Black of Manitoba, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture for
the Dominion. In addition to the judging teams there was
a large representation of agricultural students and profes¬
sors. Each class of stock brought into the arena of the
new Exposition Building was presided over by three jurors,
who allowed 15 minutes to each student to place the animals
as they thought proper and tell the reason for so doing.
On account of the owners objecting to their stock stauding
too long, the cattle were removed after the boys had taken
a close inspection, and then the oral examination took place.
The judges in the beef cattle classes were Professor W. M.
Mumford of Illinois, Ar.dred Boss of Minnesota, F. C. Burtis
of Oklahoma and O. II. Swigart of White Heath, Ill. : Tom
Mortimer, Madison. Neb. : Williams S. Robbins, Horace, Ind. ;
Morrice Douglas. Grass Lake. Mich. : O. E. Bradfute. Cedar-
ville, Ohio, and Overton Harris, of Harris, Mo. The follow¬
ing students participated in the judging contest :

Missouri — T. E. Woodward. C. G. Starr, II. P. Rusk, E.
W. Rusk and C. B. Hutchinson, under the direction of Pro¬
fessor Forbes.

Texas — -Messrs. Ashton, Church. Evans, Loving and Yakey,
under the direction of Professor Marshall.

Ontario — Messrs. Bracken. Craig, Smith. Munroe and
White, under the direction of Professors Arkell and Day.

Ohio — Messrs. Wallace, Snyder, Main. Waid, Cox and
Laird under the direction of Professors Plumb and Gay.

Iowa — Messrs. Cave. Coverdale, Crouse, Fry and Gibben,
under the directions of Professors Kennedy and Rutherford.

Michigan. — C. A. Willson. L. R. Slote, R. C. Potts and
C. A. Stiles, under the direction off Professor Robert Shaw.

Kansas — Fred L. Williams, C. S. Jones, ,T. S. Montgomery.
II. J. Bottomiy and W. J. Brown, under the direction of
Professor R. J. Kinzer.

Kansas, Nebraska aud Iowa were represented by teams in
the corn judging contest Decemlrer 18. The Kansas team
was composed of R. R. Birch. W. B. Germest. C. S. Jones,
J. S. Montgomery, F. L. Williams and G. E. Yerkes. Iowa
was represented by C. L. Cohagen, I). Fish, E. H. Humbert
and D. P. Ashby. _

NEW YORK STATE DAIRYMEN .

The meeting of the New York State Dairymen at Bing¬
hamton was, without doubt, one of the l>esl ever held.
Binghamlon is a good place for such a gathering. There
was a large attendance, a good programme and a first-rate
exhibit. The Geneva Station, Cornell University and the
National Department of Agriculture all sent representatives,
who did good service on the platform. The attendance was
larger than usual, and one excellent feature was the large
gathering of students of the Cornell dairy school. Such
a meeting as this was an excellent thing for these young
men. It is hoped this year to print in full the papers read
at this meeting. It is difficult to give an interesting syn¬
opsis of such papers. There was more or less personality
about them, and mere extracts never give a fair idea of
their value. We have long felt that most of the reports
of these public meetings fail to give a fair idea of just
what was said and done. The published reports when in
pamphlet form ought to be read and kept for farmers, but
unless there is something of unusual and timely importance
it is questionable whether the so-called reports are of great
practical help. The usual time was consumed in speeches
of welcome and responses. The feature is generally hurried
through at tin' North, quite in contrast to the way things
are done at the South. We recently attended a southern
meeting where one entire session was devoted to long
speeches of welcome and responses from various people.
Both Mayor Smith, who welcomed the Dairymen, and Prof.
Jordan who responded introduced considerable wit and
started the good feeling. President Beebe of the Association
in his annual address spoke of the changes going on in
agriculture and the effect these changes will probably have
in milk production. Dairying is now upon a firmer basis
than ever, although still in its infancy. Mr. Beebe made an
excellent point that men. especially young men fail to recog¬
nize the value of wisdom handed down from the past. There
is a tendency to belittle the things which our ancestors
worked out with thought and toil, though really the future
is made by the past. As was proper. Mr. Beebe started the
convention with the fundamental principles that dairying
properly conducted carries a blessing to anv community,
for the cow properly handled restores the fertility of broken-
down farms, gives stability to business and means a steady
and regular income.

Alva Agee, of Ohio, gave some excellent ideas regarding
the benefits and troubles of organization. It is true that
most organizations formed by farmers apparently fail. This
is due to the fact that farmers, of all men. are most inde¬
pendent, and fail to understand the necessity of working
together. Social organizations among them, which will
bring about education slowly and steadily, are hopeful, and
will lead to a better state of affairs.

Dr. Jordan gave an interesting lecture on the effect of
the various grains on quality of milk. This address should
be read entire in order thoroughly to understand Dr. Jordan’s
position. We expect to print it, or the greater part of it,
later.

Dr. J. Roby, of Rochester, spoke on certified milk, discus¬
sing the economy of producing and selling it. He under¬
took to show that remarkably clean milk can be produced
without expensive apparatus, and gave a list of rules re¬
garding keeping the animals, the barns and utensils clean.
This led to some discussion, as the question of milk produc¬
tion is of vital interest in the lower tier of counties.

Prof. L. II. Bailey spoke for the College of Agriculture
at Cornell, giving a history of agricultural education, an
outline of its present developments and idea of its future
possibilities, lie made the needs of agricultural instruction
in the common schools very clear, for it is evident that
our agricultural colleges cannot do their best for a boy
unless his early training has been somewhat along agri¬
cultural lines.

J. C. Latimer, of the Five States Milk Shippers' Associa¬
tion made an argument for milk producers. He felt that
the association is largely responsible for the rise in milk
prices, and he paid his attention, as usual to the railroads
and the dealers.

Prof. V. A. Moore, of Cornell discussed the important
subject of tuberculosis. This is a matter of great import¬
ance to New York Dairymen, who well remember the struggle
made a few years ago in the Legislature for control in the
matter. Dr. Moore gave a fair review of efforts made in the
past to control the disease among cattle. With regard to
possible transmission of the disease from cattle to man, he
said there were difficulties in proving its possibility, yet
no efforts should be spared to take precaution against such
infection. He thinks the most practical means of handling
the disease are those suggested by Dr. Bang of Denmark.
This means the destruction of animals well advanced in the
disease, the separating of all animals that react with the
tuberculin test, and also the separation of their calves.
This also means Pasteurizing their milk before it is used.
In Denmark and Sweden such measures, thoroughly carried
out, have been a great help. His address was of great im¬
portance to dairymen and was thoroughly appreciated by
them.

J. II. Monrad discussed what he called cow-test associa¬
tions. Most farmers say they have no time thoroughly to
test their cows, but in Denmark associations were formed
for cow testing. The first of them was so successful that
the plan has spread through the dairy sections of Northern
Europe, there being -100 of them in Denmark alone. Y’oung
men from the agricultural colleges do the work, and make
a special business of it.

Gilbert N. Tucker, of The Country Gentleman discussed
market milk and the milk standard. Prof. Pearson, of
Cornell, gave an illustrated lecture on sanitary milk. Prof.
Lane, ot the Department of Agriculture, told of the work
being done at Washington, and other speakers discussed
various phases of the dairy business. W. W. Hall
stated that the association no longer received an appropria¬

tion from the State. Left to itself the society has worked
hard, being obliged to raise its own funds, and should be
supported by all dairymen, as it is doiug a work which Is
of great value to the dairy business. Every progressive
dairyman in the State should join the society. A long set
of resolutions was adopted, and the following officers were
elected : President, M. T. Morgan, West Winfield, first
vice-pesident, W. W. Hall, Gouverneur ; secretary, W. C.
Patrick, Jamestown ; assistant secretary and trasurer,
Jared Van Wagenen, Jr., Lawyersville ; directors, It. A.
Rees, W. E. Griffith, E. F. Rowley, J. D. Frederiksen,
Daniel G. Gates and Harry Winters.

FARMING IN RUSSIAN TRANSCAUCASIA.

Failing in my efforts to start farming in Transcaucasia
this year, on account of insecurity of life and property in
the Caspian section of this country, mainly due to the war¬
like movement of the Mahomedan Tartars against the Ar¬
menians, I had to give up my plans and to look for better
times, a quieter place and more pleasant surroundings. At
the end of the Summer a friend of mine wrote me from
Tiflis, offering to rent me his house and barn in the suburbs
of Tiflis if I had any inclination for starting a dairy, as
milk is worth in town quite two cents a pound wholesale
and three cents retail with a big demand. So. as I had
nothing better in sight, I jumped to the opportunity, and
telling good-by to my Armenian friends in Shusha, after
witnessing the burning down by the Tatars of the last named
city, I escaped safe and unhurt to Tiflis, losing only a cou¬
ple of horses, a good American corn planter and my whole
agricultural library, robbed by the natives, a heavy and
unfortunate loss for me. Now. anyhow, if I could not do
myself anything in the way of general farming, I saw a
good many things done that might interest the readers of
The R. N.-Y.

For the last six months I resided on a large Armenian
estate in the foothills of the Caucasus range, about 50 miles
from the railroad and as much from the Persian frontier.
The next city was Shusha, a very picturesque Armenian-
I’ersian settlement, located on a mountain some 5,000 feet
above sea level, with a splendid climate and about 20,000
population. Hint I could reach on dangerous roads, on horse
back in four to five hours. A post office and a good Sun¬
day bazar were in Agdam. eight miles from my house, in a
large Tatar settlement in the plain. The estate, some
10,000 acres of land, which was bought by the present
owners 15 years ago for £8,000 ran along a mountain
stream. Nearly helf the land was well provided with irri¬
gation ditches, but nearly all of the irrigation ditches were
out of working order. All the rest of the land, with the
exception of a couple of hundred acres of woodland. 150
acres under vineyards and mulberry plantations, and 50
acres of bottom rice land, was fine hill pasture. As the
owners neither resided there nor kept a manager on their
place, and never thought of working their land themselves,
all of it was leased to about 100 Tatar families for one-
tenth of the produce of the land. But. as the Tatars live
mostly from stock raising, and plant just as much wheat
and barley as they need to come along through the Winter,
and only' paid all the taxes for the whole estate (some
£200) for the right of keeping stock, no wonder, that under
such a system of management the estate never cleared to the
owners over £1.000 a year, although wheat gave this year
without irrigation over 25 bushels from an acre. First I
was asked to manage this estate, then to rent it for £1,200
a year, but on the end I had to refuse both.

Nothing is more disgusting than the home of a Tatar.
On the slope of a hill they dig a hole about 20 feet long,
10 wide and 12 deep at the upper end: near the lower end
they put a. few posts, cover the whole with timber and turf,
then put on it two feet of wet clay, and the house is ready.
Stock, with the exception of buffaloes and cows, is kept the
year round out of doors. In a wet season, like this year,
the houses are perfect mud holes, as such a roof cannot af¬
ford protection from a good rain. Sometimes it happens
that rotten timber is not liable to stand the weight of the
water, and whole families are killed by a breakdown of the
roof. Of course, in the better of lowland Tatar villages,
most of the houses are of stone, with a couple of doors and
windows, and even with an iron roof once in a while, but
that is not the current style. In the Summer all the Tatars,
with their wives, stock and chickens go out camping,
flying from heat, mosquitoes and malaria, to mountain
pasturage, where they live in tents for about three to four
months. If business' obliges a few of them to reniaiD
through the Summer in the lowland they are compelled by
the mosquitoes to sleep on high (12-15 feet) platforms built
out of four posts and a few hoards, as the mosquitoes keep
near the ground. They are very polite with their tongues,
hut are the greatest thieves and liars I ever saw. The Ar¬
menians live only in the mountains, and in the poorer vil¬
lages their homes are only a trifle better than the Tatars’.
They cultivate a little better their land and keep less stock
and most of their young folk go to earn a living to Russia.
Asia or Baku. Their women hide all their face with the
exception of nose and eves with a couple of tightly bound
white handkerchiefs, and the married ones are not supposed
to talk to men. So much about the people, and for the next
time I will tell something about animals and plants.

Navtloug, Transcaucasia. a. t. kuttciiexko.

THE EMPEROR PEAUTT has not proved eery produetlye on
the Rural Grounds, though the peaches are large and of
fine quality. Our T.orentz trees are not yet large enough
to hear. These are new varieties which succeed In some
localities, but as yet are not widely tested. Few new
varieties of peaches introduced in late years have proved
generally successful, and as a rule It is safer to stick to the
old varieties when planting for market. There is not a
particle of truth In the statement that the San .Tost1 scale
cannot thrive where the temperature goes below zero. The
scale is a native to North China, where the thermometer
goes very low. and it is not likely that any temperature
likely to occur within the limits of the United States will
ever injure the scale to any extent.

BUSINESS BITS.

We are in receipt of a beautiful calendar for 1906, which
Messrs. Coles & Co., 109-111 Warren street, this city, are
sending out to their customers. The calendar has on It a
fruit picture of an entirely new design, for which the orig¬
inal oil painting was made by a noted artist. This firm has
protected this picture by a copyright, and their many friends
and customers will be very much pleased to receive this
token of their appreciation and best wishes.

The Studebaker Farmer’s Almanac for 1906 is now ready
for distribution. The Issuance of this almanac has been
made an annual event by the great Studebaker Vehicle es¬
tablishment. This is the seventh year. It has always been
filled with valuable information to farmer folk in addition to
the regular calendar and almanac features. Studebaker
dealers have the almanac for free distribution or it may be
had by sending a 2e. stamp for postage to the Studebaker
Company, South Bend, Indiana.

Smoking meats without a smoke house has produced re
suits that are better in every wav than the old-fashioned
method of preserving ham. shoulder, bacon, dried beef,
sausage, bologna, fish. etc. The most perfect, palatable and
healthful meats ever obtained hv any means of smoking have
been produced by applying Krauser’s Liquid Extract of
Smoke. Krauser’s Liquid Smoke is a pure, clean extract of
hickory wood in a liquid form. It is applied with a brush or
sponge, and it is cheaper and eleane'r than the old way.
Information concerning its use, cost. etc., can be had by
writing to the makers, E. Krauser & Bro., Milton, Pa.

For some time M. T. Phillips of Pomeroy, Pa., has been
known as the proprietor of the Keystone Dehorning Knives,
which have a wide reputation for being the best dehorning
instruments manufactured. This season Mr. Phillips has
introduced his improved Keystone Dehorner. This machine
combines all the excellent features formerly possessed by the
Keystone Dehorner. and. in addition, has some improvements
which very materially add to its excellence. He still con¬
tinues to sell his Regular Keystone Dehorner, and for the
benefit of persons who insist upon having a cheap article,
he has a very serviceable knife which he styles the “Con¬
vex" Dehorner. Anyone interested can obtain catalogs and
further information by addressing M. T. Phillips, Pomeroy,
Pa.

Q34

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30,

[ Woman and Home ]

From Day to Day.

NEW YEAR AND OLD YEAR.

When on the old year closed the iron gate
1 heard within the sound of sighing and
tears ;

The year’s lament for all the other years,
The moan of love bereft and desolate,

Songs never sung, and tales too sad to tell,
And dying voices, bidding those they loved
farewell.

The mighty gate shut with an iron cry —

A clang imperious as the voice of Fate;
And I beheld upon the fast-shut gate
Wrought images of Death and Destiny,
Terrible angels, standing, with drawn blade,
Beside deep graves wherein dead things and
dear were laid.

Then a new door gleamed on me, brave and
bright,

Golden, and shining like the sun’s new
gold ;

And on it shapes of beauty manifold —
New love, new joy, new dream and new de¬
light ;

Kind angels, with flowered branches in their
hands.

Beckoned toward the new, the undiscovered
lands.

The gold gate opened ; through its opening
At once a golden wave of sunlight went.

At once a wave of a (lowered garden’s
scent ;

A wave of song, such as the thrushes sing ;
And far away I saw the happy fields
Yielding the flower of life which no life ever
yields.

“Oh, blessed garden,” I cried ; “Oh, glad
New Year !"

And entered in on happy, hurrying feet
To pluck the rose that looks, afar, so dear.
To drink the song that sounds', afar, so
sweet.

And dare to hope a while, while Hope’s my
friend.

There is no iron door at this dear garden's
end !

—Pall Mall Gazette.

»

Grape juice makes an excellent hot
drink, but if it is merely diluted with hot
water it is decidedly insipid. Boil half
a dozen cloves and a piece of stick cinna¬
mon in a pint of water, add a cup of sugar
and boil 10 minutes; strain, keep hot, and
add a pint of grape juice and the juice of
one lemon.

*

Jjmmie is at the age where the form
pales before the substance, says Harper’s
Magazine. At the last party he went to
the principal dainty of the supper was del¬
icate creamed chicken served in pretty
frilled paper cases. On his return he was
put through the usual catechism.

"And what did you have to eat?”

“Huh! nothin’ but hash in candle-
shades !”

*

As a change in preparing baked beans,
use a beef marrow bone bedded in the
beans instead of salt pork. I he beans
should be well seasoned and the usual
water added. Another variation which we
like is to use the gravy and drippings
from a loin of fresh pork while roasting
to baste the dish of baked beans. '1 his is
especially nice when the roast has been
rubbed with sage leaves.

*

The Atchison Globe says that a “ 1 rou¬
ble Book” is kept by an Atchison family,
in which everyone registers his grievances.
Tt will surprise no one to learn that the
children have made the most entries.
“Mother wouldn’t let me go swimming,”
appears often in a boy’s hand. Mother
wouldn’t let me put on my new dress.” is
a girl’s frequent trouble, and “Mother
wouldn’t do” this or that, make up the
most of the troubles. Mother hasn’t en¬
tered a single “trouble” herself. Father
entered one one day. but when he read
that the children were all knocking on
mother, and realized that his knock was
on her, too, he became ashamed, and
erased his entry, and gave her a hug in¬
stead.

*

A reader asks for the Shaker method
of corning or pickling beef. We do not
know any special Shaker recipe for
corned beef except the following, given
under the name of “bacca” in Good

Housekeeping: Pound down close in a
barrel 100 pounds of the round of beef
cut in 10-pound pieces, with a mixture of
four pounds sugar, two ounces saltpeter,
two ounces soda bicarbonate, and four
quarts table salt sprinkled under, over and
between. It will make brine without
water. After one week, a piece of the
top of the round, sliced and broiled, will
be found tender and* delicious. The bot¬
tom of the round, boiled till tender and
sliced thin when cold, resembles ham, but
is more choice in flavor.

*

Apricot pudding is delicious, and if de¬
sired it may be made from evaporated
apricots, carefully soaked and stewed, in¬
stead of the canned fruit. Butter a shal¬
low pudding dish and sprinkle on the sur¬
face a layer of soft bread crumbs. Drain
the syrup from a can of apricots and ar¬
range a layer of fruit in the dish, bill
the cavities with sugar and a dot of but¬
ter the size of a pea on each. Cover each
piece of fruit with another half to simu¬
late the whole fruit, then fill the interstices
with soft bread crumbs. Mix one pint of
milk, the yolks of three eggs, well beaten,
with one-quarter teaspoon of salt and
three tcaspoonfuls sugar, and pour this
over the fruit. Lift the fruit a little so
the custard may reach every part of the
bread. Bake it about half an hour. Beat
the whites of the eggs till stiff ; add three
heaped tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar
and three teaspoon fuls of lemon juice.
When the pudding is done and cooked
somewhat spread the meringue over the
top and brown it slightly. Serve hot
without sauce.

*

We are not making many New Year’s
resolutions, but there is one old resolve
that is strengthened every time we fall
short of household supplies, and that is
to buy all provisions, as far as possible, in
large quantities which command advan¬
tageous prices. The family living, even
under the simplest conditions, becomes
costlv in this time of national prosperity,
and tbe small retail buyer is at a great
disadvantage. Some housekeepers say that
they cannot afford to buy in quantity, be¬
cause it encourages wastefulness. This
seems to us a poor excuse; it shows that
supplies are not properly apportioned. If
this carelessness results, the housekeeper
should have a locked storeroom, and give
out the supplies as needed, as our grand¬
mothers used to do. This system does not
mean that the country storekeeper is to be
driven out of business, and supplies all
secured from a distance. Tf the local
dealer is a man of enterprise, he will make
a favorable rate for flour by the barrel,
canned goods by the case, etc., for it will
save the wear and tear of many small
sales.

Hulled Corn.

We gave directions for making New
England hulled corn last Fall, but of late
we have received so many requests for the
recipe that it seems wise to republish it.

New England taste demands a well-
ripened white flint corn for hulling,
other sections prefer yellow, but it is al¬
ways flint corn. Babbitt’s potash is used
to remove the hulls, the proportion being
one full pound to a bushel of corn. Of
course, when preparing corn for home
use, the same proportion would be ob¬
served in smaller quantities. An iron
kettle half filled with water is put on the
stove, the potash added when the water
warms, and the corn put in when it comes
to a boil. In about an hour the starch
will come out of the coni, thickening the
lye. The corn must be well stirred from
the bottom, to avoid burning, and the ket¬
tle kept back on the stove, so the corn
will simmer without boiling hard. After
the first hour corn must be dipped out
and tested in cold wrater, to see if the
hulls slip. If left in the potash too long
it becomes dark and sodden; if too short,
it cannot be cooked tender. About 1J4 to
two hours is the usual time. The corn is
then washed in clear water. When made
in large quantities a clean, new broom,
with about six inches of the straw cut off,
is used to rub off the hulls; a stiff whisk
would answer the same purpose with
small quantities. A quantity of water
will be used during this scrubbing, the
hulls being poured off with the water.
Put the corn on to boil in clear w'ater;
when it reaches the boiling point draw
it back, so that it may simmer. It should
not be stirred, as this makes it mushy.
Tt requires long, slow simmering; when
sufficiently cooked it may be salted to
taste, and drained in a colander. When
served it is either eaten with milk, or
warmed up with butter in a frying pan.
and served like a vegetable. In the Sum¬
mer hulled corn would ferment very
quickly, so its manufacture takes place
only after hard freezing has started in the
Fall.

Hulled corn may also be prepared as
follows: Wash two quarts of shelled
corn to remove loose bits ; then place
in a large iron kettle with two heaping
tablespoons of saleratus, cover with cold
water, let come to a boil slowly and cook
about an hour. Remove the kettle from
fire, drain off the water, then pour the
corn, from which the hulls will already
be loosened, into a large pan of water.
Rub the corn between the hands to
loosen the hulls; after taking off all
those partly loosene-d put it on again in
warm water, let bo’il about half an hour,
then try to remove the rest of the hulls
by rubbing as before. After all hulls
are removed, wash the corn in at least
half a dozen clear waters, then put on
once more in warm water, and when it
boils drain and add fresh water. Let
the corn cook in this last water until
tender, salting to taste. If the hulls do
not come off readily let the corn boil an
hour longer, adding a teaspoon more

saleratus.

When using baking
powder it is always econ¬
omy to buy the Royal.

Royal makes the finest,
most wholesome and de¬
licious food.

Business

Without

Investment

Men or Women

And a good paying business,
too — for men or women,
young or old.

You can live at home and
have as good a business as
many a man, and better
than most women have in
the big cities.

The work is easy and good
for you, and the reward is
sure. The owners of The
Ladies’ Home journal
and The Saturday
Evening Post have done
all the preliminaries, and
will keep on helping.

The Curtis Publishing Company
E 86 Arch St., Philadelphia

I’oIIhIi. It t-ives a quirk, brilliant lustre an<l Koea
Riot Kuril Ofr. Sample sent if you address Dept. 10
1.AMOXT, COUMS9 k AO., Agin., 7S Hudmin St., Sew York.

pjj

TELEPHONES

FOR FARMERS’ LINES

Buy from the manufacturer. Build
your own lines. Bookof instructions
for lOc.ill stamps. Write nearest ullice.

THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO.

1 5« Ft. Clair St. .Cleveland, O.
440 Maine St., Dallas, Texas.

BETTER THAN AN INSTITUTE— Our School
Proposition for Farmers’ Families. School Agency,
Room 1, 255 W. 104th St., New York, N. Y. Enclose
stamp for booklet.

DERRICK OIL CO.

Box 52. Titusville, Pa.

ELITE OIL.

to please where
. strong light is
desired. Made from
Pure Pennsylvania
('rmle. Write for par¬
ticulars and prices.

"Rush Market Reports" in "Rush Time"
mean greater profits for you.

WILLIAMS FARM TELEPHONE

is for BUSINESS. Pays for itself in a short
time. Gives permanent service. You can build
your own lines— we furnish telephones and all
line material. Write to-day for complete infor¬
mation. The Williams Telephone & Supply Co-.
78 Central Avenue, Cleveland, O.

THE HESSLER STILL LEADS.

RURAL MAIL BOX.

Best made and
most durable box
on the market,
Don 'the deceived
by pictures that
look like

“The Hessler.”

To got the best,
insist on having
the Original Gen¬
uine HESSLER
BOX, not the im¬
itation. AGKNTS
wanted in every
town.

H. E. HESSLER CO.. Syracuse, N.Y -

1005.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

935

Making Beef Tender.

Is there any known reeipa for rendering
beef from an old cow tender and palatable
when served ?

If, when making custard or pumpkin pie,
the crust is composed of equal parts cold
water and unsalted butter or lard mixed with
sufficient flour to handle, and after placing
in the pie tin it is spread liberally with the
unsalted shortening before putting in the
filling, the crust will not be “soggy” as is
usually the case with pies of this and
similar kinds. Of course the pie must be
eaten while newly made or the best of crust
will become heavy with the moist filling.

Michigan. a. a. b.

All meat grows more tender with keep¬
ing; even the best of beef is likely to be

E208 Tucked Blouse Waist, 32 to 40 bust.

tough when freshly killed. Hang in a
dry, cool place, and it will keep without
taint for weeks in Winter. The tropical
cook, whose meat must be cooked when
freshly killed, rubs it with the fruit or
leaves of the papaw, Carica Papaya, an
arborescent member of the Passionflower
family (not the same as the American
papaw, Asimina triloba), which has the
properties of a vegetable pepsin. This is
not within reach of the American house¬
wife, but she may use vinegar instead.
To soften a tough steak pour a few
spoonfuls of vinegar, or vinegar and oil
mixed, over it, and allow it to stand 12 to
24 hours turning occasionally. A tough
piece of meat may be laid in vinegar (not
too strong) for three or four days in
Summer, or twice as long in Winter. Oil
or spices may be added to the vinegar
if desired, this bath being termed a mar¬
inade. Tough meat should receive long

621 'd Three Piece Cl rcula! Skirt,
22 to 30 waist-

gentle cooking, preferably in an enclosed
vessel which will prevent evaporation of
juices. Such beef should not be treated
like a tender rib roast ; it would better be
braised (pot roast) or cooked as beef a
la mode. The marinade will be found
desirable when the meat is cooked in this
way. If stewed, the same system of pro¬
longed gentle cooking (preferably in an
earthen stewpan or casserole) should be
employed. Most housekeepers have a fa¬
vorite recipe for beef a la mode or beef
stew ; the following recipe from Mrs.
Rorer will be a pleasant change, and is
satisfactory when the meat is suspected
of toughness.

Spiced Beef. — Four pounds of beef
round or shoulder; >2 teaspoonful salt;

a dash of cayenne; two bay leaves; 14
teaspoonful cloves; one teaspoonful all¬
spice; 14 teaspoonful mace; one onion;
juice of one lemon; four tablespoonfuls of
olive oil or butter. Mix the spices, salt
and pepper together a-nd rub them well
into the meat on all sides. Mix the lemon
juice and oil or butter together, pour
over the meat and let it stand in an earth¬
en vessel for 24 hours. Then put it with
all its juices into a saucepan, add the
onion and bay leaves, cover with boiling
water, a-nd let it simmer for two hours.
When done, take out the meat, and boil
the liquid down to one pint. Brown a
tablespoonful of butter in a frying pan,
add a tablespoonful of flour, mix, and then
add half a pint of the boiling liquid in
which the meat was cooked ; stir until it
boils, season with Worcestershire sauce,
and serve it with the beef. Mrs. Bertha
Dahl Laws, addressing a women’s insti¬
tute in Canada, gives the following meth¬
od of cooking an inferior cut of meat:
“I can buy a piece of meat, four to six
pounds, for thirty cents, with hardly any
bone. I tie it up in a solid chunk, and
pour over it one cup of water and a half
cup of vinegar, which are boiling hot,
and let it stand over night. In the morn¬
ing pour off the vinegar (which may be
put in a bottle for use again), wipe, dust
with flour, and fry quickly in salt pork
fat until a crust has formed. Pour off the
fat. and cover the meat with boiling hot
water, and add seasoning. I believe in us¬
ing herbs — they are cheap and give a nice
flavor. Onions are at once a medicine
and a food. Do not let the meat boil ;
just simmer on the back part of the stove
from four to six hours. By cooking this
meat on wash days, ironing days, or bak¬
ing days, the question of fuel will be set¬
tled.” _

The Rural Patterns.

The blouse that is made in lingerie
style, the material being either thin silk
or thin wool, makes one of the most at¬
tractive features of the Winter. This one
is among the simplest and best of its kind
and as illustrated is made of wool
batiste with trimming of Valenciennes
lace, but is quite appropriate for any of
the materials mentioned and also for
lawns and the like, which many women
prefer throughout the entire year. Valen¬
ciennes lace is a favorite of the season,
but Cluny also is much seen and almost
every sort is correct, while again if lace
is not desired any one of the pretty band¬
ings of the season will be found appro¬
priate. Tn addition to serving for the sep¬
arate blouse the waist will be found a
most satisfactory one for the entire gown
of cashmere, veiling and the simpler soft
silks. The waist is made with a fitted lin¬
ing, which can be used or omitted as pre¬
ferred. fronts and back. The closing is
made invisibly at the back. The quantity
of material required for the medium size
is 4T4 yards 21. 3T4 yards 27 or 2*4 yards
44 inches wide, with fir/2 yards of inser¬
tion. T he pattern 5208 is cut in sizes for
a 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 inch bust measure ;
price 10 cents.

The circular skirt in all its variations is
a pronounced favorite of the season. This
one is among the newest and combines the
circular portions with a narrow front
gore, which is arranged to give the effect
of a double box plait. This plait is
stitched flat for a portion of its length,
but falls free below. In the illustration
the material is gray Venetian cloth
trimmed with hands of the material
stitched with silk and finished with point¬
ed ends, where ornamental buttons are at¬
tached, but all suiting and all skirting ma¬
terials are appropriate and the model will
be found equally desirable for the long,
skirt of dressy occasions and the short
one of street wear. Braid applied after
the manner of the bands would be effec¬
tive and plain cloth on rough makes one
of the features of the season. The skirt
is made in three pieces and can be laid
in inverted plaits at the back or finished
in habit style. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 7 vards 27.
4 XA yards 44 or 4 yards 52 inches wide,
with 15 yards of banding to trim as illus¬
trated. The pattern 5213 is cut in sizes
for a 22; 24, 26, 28 and 30 inch waist meas ¬
ure; price 10 cents.

The Bookshelf.

The Menace of Privilege, by Henry
George, Jr. This book aims to show how
privileges granted or sanctioned by gov¬
ernment underlie the social and political,
mental and moral manifestations that ap¬
pear so ominous in the Republic. Mr.
George does not write with the wealth
of lurid invective that distinguishes Law¬
son’s arraignment of financial leaders ;
he marshals his facts with direct sim¬
plicity, strengthening his arguments by
quotations from judicial rulings, court
records, and State or national statistics.
He calls the United States “the land of
inequality,” which may be a shock to
those who do not realize how far we have
traveled from the social conditions of De
Tocqueville’s time; he describes the rise
of princes of privilege from small begin¬
nings to monumental fortunes, which over¬
shadow and corrupt the plainer virtues of
the public conscience. The chapters on
“Privilege the Corrupter of Politics” de¬
serve especially careful reading. While
many will disagree with Mr. George’s
views as to the cure of existing
evils, any thoughtful person may gain
a wider vision from their reading.
Apart from its ethical import, we
found the book extremely interesting
reading. Published by the Macmillan
Company, New York; price $1.50 net;
postage 13 cents additional.

Caros and Calendars. — The holiday
season brings each year a new series of
calendars, cards and booklets from
Raphael Tuck & Sons Company, of New
York and London. The work is striking
and artistic, the lithography employed be¬
ing of a very high class, while the designs
are always meritorious. The text is ex¬
cellent from a literary standpoint. Among
this season’s calendars “Seed Time and
Harvest” is particularly good ; the series
of American belles is striking and up-
to-date, and “A Prairie Flower” gives an
idealized Indian maiden in bold and at¬
tractive coloring. The cards and booklets
show new effects in photogravure and
embossing. This firm is a leader in il¬
lustrated postal cards, issuing hundreds
of series, which possess solid educational
value, in addition to their artistic beauty.

Wiiat man is there that does not labor¬
iously, though all unconsciously, himself
fashion the sorrow that is to be the pivot
of his life? — Maeterlinck.

A great deal depends upon a man’s
courage when he is slandered and tra¬
duced. Weak men are crushed by de¬
traction, but the brave hold on and suc¬
ceed. — H. S. Stevens.

We often distress ourselves greatly in
the apprehension of misfortune which,
after all, never happens at all. We
should do our best, and wait calmly the
result. — Lord Avebury.

When you write advertisers mention The
II. N.-Y. and you'll get a uuick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee, page 8.

SCOTT’S EMULSION
is more than a fat food.
There is no animal fat
that compares with it in
nourishing and building
up the wasted, emaciated
body. That is why chil¬
dren and anaemic girls
thrive and grow fat upon
it. That is why persons
with consumptive tenden¬
cies gain flesh and
strength enough to check
the progress of the dis¬
ease.

SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York.

Dietz Lanterns

Not made to sell cheap, but as cheap
as any good lantern can be sold. Then,
think of the satisfaction you get from
a Dietz: Convenience, Safety, Cleanli¬
ness. Be sure you ask your dealer
for the,

Dietz Cold Blast Lantern.

He carries it in stock or will get it. If
not, write direct to us. Catalogue free.
We’ll see that you get the lantern of
your choice. Every lantern user
prizes the

Clear White Light of the

DIETZ.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY,

62 Laight St. NEW YORK CITY.

Established 181,0.

_ _

Newlyweds, Brides and Bridegrooms

Going to start housekeeping? Start it right. Send
for our illustrated catalogue of HOl'SEHOLD
AKTICLES. Things that you never DREAMED
existed. A few cents will make you comfortable for
life. Include sixteen cents (in stamps) and we will
send you prepaid, our patented nrass (Simnney Stove.
I>. A. deLIMA, & Co., me., 1104X, 3ro Broadway, N. Y.

Get it

from your

Druggist,

STRENGTH-GIVER,

JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE,

For WOMEN.
CHILDREN

and MEN

- - THE -

Angle Lamp

For Lighting Country Homes.

Posit! -e proof of how entirely different the
Angle Lamp is from the ordinary kind is the class
of people who use it.

W hat other lamp — or what other lighting sys¬
tem, for that matter — can show endorsements front
ex-Pres. Cleveland, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and
thousands of others of almost equal prominence?

These people would not think of using ordinary
oil lamps, yet they have chosen THIS oil-burning lamp
lor lighting their homes and estates in preference to
gas, electricity, gasoline, aeet.\ line or any other
method because they have found that while as

Convenient as Gas or Electricity to operate, its light is more brilliant than either

kerosene is so justly famous. But you need not take e4n tl°f?evtK

pU>mentCbre8*u8'toI'offertyo?iabetter^proof’yet^-a*Wa^8 Burprtses and delights even the most particular peo-

A Thirty Days’ Trial any lamp listed In Cata,!og“NN” In your own homo where you your-
. ... prove that it Is the best, the cheapest and the most satisfactory

irt)unn>Km.“t hods' .I' , ued an<? extinguished like gas. Filled while lighted, with perfect safety“lt<£
quires HlUnglmt once or twice a week. May be burned high or low without odor. No smoke; no danger,
int.il'i MORE— Economy. If splendid light and convenience were the only features or the

Angle Lamp, it might be considered a luxury. But. as this lamp actually costs less to burn than any
olhar method of lighting less than even the troublesome old style lamp — it becomes an actual necessity.

Write lor Catalogue "NN,” listing 22 varieties Irom $1.80 up.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO., 78-80 Murray Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Simpson -Eddy stone

Solid Blacks

The standard calicoes for sixty-
three years — standard for quality;
standard for intense, fast color;
standard for long wear.

Ask your dealer for
Simpson- Eddy stone Solid Blacks.

|EDbyston£

PRINTS The Eddystone Mfg Co (Sole Makers) Philadelphia

Three generations of Simpsons
have made Simpson Prints.

936

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30,

CONTENTS.

The Rural New-Yorker, December SO, 1905.

FARM TOPICS.

Hay Slings . 828

Ground Bone with lame . 829

Pasturing Cow Peas . 829

Fertilizer Analysis Explained . 829

Feeding Values of Dent and Flint Corn. 829

Hope Farm Notes. . . 931

Farming in Russian Transcaucasia.... 933

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.

Mapes, the Hen Man . 925, 920

A Horse and a Problem . 926

A Montana Man on Balky Horses . 920

The Young Cow: Her Feed and Care... 927

Eggs in Alcohol Barrel . 927

Eggs in Water Glass . 928

New York State Dairymen . 933

Selecting Laying Hens . 937

Sick Hen; Grain Ration . 937

Growth on Pullet's Head . 937

White-comb in Turkeys . 937

The Berkshire Hog. . 938

How to Ship Live Stock . 938

Brief Dairy Notes . 939

A Young Holstein Bull . 939

In a Massachusetts Dairy . 939

Streaks in Butter . 939

HORTICULTURE.

The Hope Farm Orchards . 925

A Spray of Baldwins . 926

Notes on Keeping Apples . 927

Washes for Fruit Trees . 927

Believes in Fumigation . 927

Culture of Dewberries . 928

A Frosted Arancaria . 928

Currants in Kansas . 928

Rotted Manure for Grapes . 929

Notes from the Rural Grounds . 930

The Emperor Peach . 933

WOMAN AND HOME.

From Day to Dav . 934

Hulled Corn . 934

Making Beef Tender . 935

The Rural Patterns . 935

The Bookshelf . 935

MISCELLANEOUS.

Black Walnut for Timber . 928

What is a Straight Line . 928

The American Tuberculosis Exhibition.. 829

Products. Prices and Trade . 829

Events of the Week . 933

Business Bits . 933

MARKETS

Prices current at New York during week
ending December 23, 1905, wholesale except
otherwise noted. The prices of grain, butter,
cheese and eggs are based on the otlicial fig¬
ures of the Produce and Mercantile Ex¬
changes, with such revision as outside deals
noted appear to warrant. Prices of other
products are from reports of dealers, inqui¬
ries and observation of sales in the various
market sections. Where possible these fig¬
ures are the average of several sales.

GRAIN.

Wheat, No. 1, Northern Duluth

No. 2, Red .

Coni .

Oats .

Rye .

Barley .

@

95%

(a

92%

@

58

@

37

@

75

fa

42

HAY AND

Hay, No.
No. 2

1.

STRAW.

. 1G.00

. 1 4.50

No. 3 . 12.50

Clover, mixed . 12.50

Clover . 12.00

Straw, long rye . 13.00

FEED.

Spring Bran . —

Middlings . —

Red Dog . —

Cottonseed meal . —

Linseed meal . —

MILK.

N. Y. Exchange price $1.71 per
can, netting 3 % cents per quart at
zone points where there are no

@16.50
@15.00
@ 1 3.50
@14.00
@13.00
@14.00

@ 1 8.85
@21.50
@24.50
@30.00
@31.50

40-quart
26-cent
additional

station charges.

BUTTER.

Creamery, best .

. 24

@

24%

Lower grades .

. 20

@

23

Stale Dairy .

16

@

23

Imitation creamery .

. 17

@

10

Factory .

. 15

fa

17%

Packing Stock .

. 14

fa

17

CHEESE.

Full creamery, fancy .

. -

@

13%

Fair to good .

. 1 1

@

13

Light skims .

. 10

@

10%

E11 11 skims .

• 3%

@

4V§

EGGS.

Selected, white fancy .

—

@

36

Selected, white, choice .

. 33

@

34

Best mixed colors .

. 30

@

32

Lower grades .

. 25

@

28

Western and southern .

. 20

@

26

Storage .

. 17

(a

21

BEANS.

Marrow . — @3.10

Medium . 2.50 @3.00

j'ea . — @1.75

Red kidney . — @2.80

White kidney . 3.50 @3.60

Yellow Eye . 1.75 @1.80

Black Turtle Soup . 3.50 @3.60

HOPS.

Prime to choice . 16 @ 19

Common to fair . 10 @ 15

Olds . -5 @ 8

German, 1905 . 30 @ 40

HOTHOUSE GOODS.

Cucumbers, choice, dozen . 60 @1.00

IjOtfuce, dozen . 40 @ 85

Mushrooms, lb . 1*1 @ 60

Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @3.00

Tomatoes, lb . 1 .00 @2.50

DRIED FRUITS.

Apples, evaporated, fancy . 11

Evap., choice

@

@

@

(5?

12
10%
9%
6 V,

Gvap.,

Evap., com. to prime . i

Sun-dried . 4 %

Chops. 100 lbs . — @3.25

Cores and skins, 100 lbs.... — @2.1*1

Cherries . 14 @ 15

Raspberries . — @ 27

FRESH FRUITS.

Apples, Winesap. McIntosh,

Spitz, King, Greening. .. .2.50 fa)5.00

Spy . 2.50 @4.00

Baldwin and York . 2.50 @4.00

Pears, Kieffer, bbl . 2.00 @3.00

Cranberries, bbl . 10.00 @14.00

Strawberries, Fla., qt . 30 @ 75

VEGETABLES.

Potatoes, Bermuda . 3.00

Long Island, best, 180 lbs. . .2.00

Stale and Jersey . 1.75

European, 168-lb. bag . 1.50

Sweet potatoes, bbl . 1.50

Brussels Sprouts, qt . 5

Carrots, bbl . 1.25

Cabbage, ton . 18.00

Celery, dozen . 15

Chicory and escarol, bbl . 3.00

Cauliflowers, bbl . 2.00

Kale, bbl . 50

Lettuce, %-bbl. basket . 50

Onions, white, bbl . 2.50

Yellow . 1.00

Red . 1.50

Green Peas and beans, basket. 1.50

Squash, bbl . 50

Turnips', bbl. . 50

@5.00
@2.50
@2.25
@2.00
@2.50
@ 10
@1.50
@25.00
@ 50
@4.00
@6.00
@ 75
@ 1.50
@6.00
(a 1 .75
@1.75
@3.50
@1.00
@1.00
fa 1 .00

LIVE POULTRY.

Chickens .

. 10

@

11

Fowls .

. 12

@

12 V.

Roosters .

8%

Turkeys .

—

@

14

Ducks, pair .

. 60

@

85

Geese, pair .

@1.75

Pigeons', pair .

@

25

DRESSED POULTRY.

Turkevs, best .

—

@

22

Fair to good .

. 17

20

Chickens, fancy .

—

(5)

22

Fair to good .

. IS

@)

20

Fowls .

. 12

@

14

I nicks .

. 10

@

15

Geese .

. 10

@3

14

Squalls, dozen .

@4.00

COUNTRY-DRESSED

MEATS.

Calves, prime .

—

@

12

Common to good .

. 8

@

11

pork .

6

@

7%

Roasting Pigs .

. 10

@

12%

FURS.

Black Bear . 15.00

Cubs and yearlings . 5.00

Badger . 60

Otter . 15.00

Beaver . 5.00

Red Fox . 2.00

Fisher . 6.00

Wolf, Timber . 3.00

Wolverine . 6.00

Lynx . 5.00

Wild Cat . 50

Marten, dark . 10.00

Skunk, black . '. . 1.80

Half striped . 1.40

Striped . 65

White . 30

Raccoon . 60

Opossum . 25

Mink . 3.00

Muskrat, Winter . 17

Fall . 12

@20.00
@10.00
@ 1.00
@20.00
@ 9.00
@ 4.00
@ 8.00
@ 5.00
@ 7.00
@ 8.00
@ 80
@25.00
@ 2.00
@ 1.50
@ 75

@ 35

@ 1.40
@ 45

@ 7.00
@ 18
@ 14

TOBACCO.

Conecticut broadleaf filler. . 5 @ 10

Wrappers . 35 @ 75

N. Y. State fillers . 5 @ 7

Fine and selections . 20 @ 25

Pennsylvania broadleaf . 7 @ 9

Ya. shipping, com. lugs . 6 @ 6%

Good lugs . 6 % @ 7

Com. to med. leaf . 7%@ 10

Good to fine leaf . 1 1 % @ 12%

FARM CHEMICALS.

Prices named are for car lots;
lots 10 to 25 per cent higher.

Nitrate of Soda, ton . —

Muriate of Potash . —

Dried Blood . —

Kalnit . —

Acid Phosphate . —

single bag

@52.00

@42.00

@55.00

@12.00

@14.00

WILD GINSENG.

Northern . 7.00 @7.50

Western . 6.75 @7.00

Southern . 6.50 @6.75

LIVE STOCK.

Calves, veal . 6.00

Sheep . 3.50

lambs . 7.00

@9.50

@5.35

@8.00

“An phwy don’t yez like Muldoon?’’
“He’s not on th’ square.” “’Phwat makes
yez think so?” “He’s th’ kind av a man
th’t can’t look ye straight in the eye till
yer back’s turned.”— Cleveland Plain
Dealer.

“It seems to me,” said Mrs. Oldcas-
tle, “that the dogmatists have about had
their day.” “I know it,” replied her hos¬
tess. “Me and Josiah was talkin’ about
it the other night. You hardly ever see
a lady carryin’ one on her lap in the car¬
riage now.” — Chicago Record-Herald.

Mrs. Highmus: I was shocked to
hear that your husband has been operated
upon for appendicitis. Is he out of dan¬
ger? Mrs. Gaswell : “Oh yes; he’s re¬
covering from the operation all right, but
he’s dreadfully disappointed. The doc¬
tors found there wasn’t anything the mat¬
ter with him.” — Chicago Tribune.

“I hear that you really take pumpkins
for subscriptions to your paper,” drawled
the old farmer, who had mounted the
winding stairs to the editorial rooms of
the rural paper. “For a while,” replied
the editor. “’Bout how long?” “Until
the Autumn poets stop sending in poems.
We pay them off in pumpkins.” — Chicago
Daily News.

Mrs. Nuritch : “I told Widow
Downes to send her boy to you and you’d

give him a position - ” Mr. Nuritch:

“Well, I didn’t give him no position. He
came with a note from her, an’ she said
in the note, ‘I must find employment for
my boy, even if he works for a mere pit¬
tance.’ The nerve of her callin’ me ‘a
mere pittance !’ ” — Philadelphia Press.

WANTED

Thoroughly experienced practical farmer (married)
as working manager. Eighty acres under cultivation,
three cows, four horses. Specialties: Fruits and
Vegetables. Ten room house, bath, hot and cold
running water, telephone. Situated on Hudson
River. 38 miles from New York City. Owner has
separate summer residence. Address "FARMER,
Post Office Box 1020, New York.

Vif A \T'T'Pn a position as Manager or Super-
™ -rVix 1 A~iU intendent of a farm by an experi¬
enced man. Address, LEBKU8 MARTIN, Sussex, NJ

FOR SALE.— a 15 H. P. Frick Portable Engine, 20
H. P. Boiler, good as new; used only a short time.
Also, a I'J-inch Ohio Cutter and Blower, Including 40
feet of 10-inch pipe, also yttgood condition. Address,
SLOANE BROS , White Lake, Sullivan County, N. Y.

UfAIITCn DnCITinil Young married man age
11AII I EU rUOl I lUlli 30, 10 years activeexper-
ienc.e in all branches fanning. Fruits and trucking a
specialty. Good milker not afraid of work. Capable
of taking charge. References as to character and
ability. Address at once H. K. Lank, Seaford, Del.

SUMMER BOARDING HOUSE,

on Fisher’s Island, accommodates about 100, with 9
acres. A popular resort reached by boat or rail from
New York City. Completely furnished, including bed¬
ding, table and kitchen. Small amount of cash re¬
quired. It is a chance of a lifetime. Fonner owners
just retired with a fortune. Address

StTMMEn HOUSE,

Box 729, New York City.

Acre stock and grain farm

—One of the finest rich prairie land farms
in Missouri. Is now in fine blue grass, corn and
timothy. Well watered, cross-fenced and two sets of
modern improvements. Must be sold to settle estate.

DYAS & Co., 107 N. 9th St., St. Louis, Mo.

To Raw Fur Shippers and Trappers.

For reliable prices on RAW FURS and GINSENG,
send two-cent stamp to LEMUEL BLACK, Lock
Box 48, Bightstown, N. J. Prices ready about
December 1st. No curiosity seekers answered.

Learn to be a Watchmaker,

The Horologieal Department of Bradley Poly¬
technic Institute, Peoria, III., teaches Match¬
making, Jewelry, Engraving, Optics. Fullest
equipment and most thorough instruction in America.
No previous training required. A few months fits
one to earn large salary. Students come from every
part of The United States, from Europe, and South.
America. Open all the year. Enter at any time.
Send for illustrated catalogue. Learn the best trade
at the best place.

WM. H. COHEN & CO.,

Commission Merchants,1
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York.
OUR SPECIALTIES :

Same,

I Poultry

Mushroom*,

Furs,

1 Calves

Nuts,

Ginseng,

1 Hot House Lambs,!

Fancy Eggs.

$5 TO S20 AN ACRE

is the price paid to-day for rich lands in Tennessee
suitable for raising Cotton, Wheat, Potatoes, Hay,
Grasses, Vegetables, Pine Stock, etc. Climate the
best in the world, with conditions of health unsur¬
passed. Values increasing. For free literature write

H. F. SMITH,

Traffic Manager, N. C. & St. Louis Ry., Nashville,
Tenn. Dept. C.

FLORIDA HOMES

AND

FLORIDA INVESTMENTS.

T11 the Florida Hill and Lake Country. One of the
finest Orchard Countries in the World. Investments
guaranteed to pay Ten per cent the first year, Fifteen
per cent the second year and Twenty per cent the
third year. For full information address

GEO. H. MAYO,

Grandin, Putnam County, Florida.

ATTENTION tsr&ss Sffi

favor us with your orders. Mail orders a Specialty,
International Labor Exchange, 103 Greenwich St., N.Y

SIX POPULAR ROOKS.

You want some good books to read. We want new readers for The R. N.-Y. Let us
help each other. Send one new yearly subscription at SI. The new subscriber will get the
paper for a year and a copy of The Farmer's Garden, or send 1*> new trial subscriptions for
10 weeks at 10 cents each — '$1 for the ten.

Then for your trouble we will send you by return mail and postpaid your choice of the
following six books. These are all new and popular books. Cloth bound and retail at $1.50
each.

DAVID HARUM. THE CHRISTIAN.

BY E. N. WESXCOTT. BY HALL CAINE.

No other book
of fiction in re¬
cent years has
reached the pop¬
ularity of David
Ha rum. It is a
story full of
life and action,
aboun ding in
homely speeches,
wise philoso¬
phy and subtle
humor. The ro¬
mance of a city
clerk and a
country maiden
add a feature of
great human in¬
terest. Nearly a
million copies
of the work have
been sold. It is
cloth hound and
the publi sher's
price is $1.50.

BLENNERHASSETT .

BY C. F. PIDGIN.

Blennerh a s s e t
is an intensely in¬
teresting book of
history and ro¬
mance dealing
with many char¬
acters prominent
in t He early life ol
our country. The
relations of Alex-
a n d e r Hamilton
and Aaron Burr
are traced from
au unusual point
of view. This
story is so fasci¬
nating, and at
times exciting,
that the reader
will not willingly
lay the book aside
after starting it.
This is an illus¬
trated edition ; cloth bound. Publisher’s price
$1.50.

QUINCY ADAMS SAWYER.

BY C. F. PIDGIN.

Tliis story of New
England life will inter¬
est the whole family.
The story is full of ac¬
tion and unexpected
turns, and a pleasing
thread of romance is
woven through it. The
character sketching is
clever, showing sharp¬
nosed gossips, people ter¬
ribly "near,” queer and
“sot” in their ways, and
other admirable charac¬
ters, among whom are
Alice Pettingill and her
Uncle Ike. who is some¬
thing of a crank, but good-hearted and full
of hard sense. It is said to he the best New
England story ever written, which in itself
is rather a strong recommendation, it has
many full-page illustrations. Cloth bound,
and retails at $1.50.

This is a most
remarkable book.
Its popularity aud
sales surprised
and astounded
both the publish¬
ers and the au¬
thor. Several hun-
dred thousands
have been sold,
and the demand
continues. The au¬
thor’s great repu¬
tation rests prac¬
tically on this
hook. The story
of John Storm
and Glory Quayle
is full of interest
and pathos. It
has been as popu¬
lar on the stage
as in literature.
Those who have not yet read it have a treat
in store for them. It is printed on good
paper, large, clear print and substantial
cloth binding. It retails for $1.50.

THE RIGHT OF WAY .

BY GILBERT PARKER.

This story is Gilbert
Parker’s masterpiece. It
is a fascinating hook. The
love story running through
it is unusual and pathetic¬
ally interesting. The por¬
trayal of character is
clear and strong, and its
spiritual import is health¬
ful and inspiring. Char¬
ley Steele is the central
figure, and t lie character
is powerfully drawn. He
is a young lawyer, bril¬
liant. gifted aud popular.
His great vice is intem¬
perance. Iiis married life
is also unsympathetic. Iiis fate is eventu¬
ally so strange that he passes as one dead,

yet he lives, and his later development sur¬

prises you and inspires you. It is a strong
presentation of a strong man’s effort to live
down the past. lie is beset by great trials
and his early cynical tendencies are in con¬
stant dispute with a healthier spiritual influ¬
ence of his new life. It is one of those hooks
that you can read the second or third time
with new interest and greater profit with
each repetition. It is a large hook of 426
pages, illustrated, large, clean type, and good
paper. The publisher's price is $1.50.

Letters from a Self-Made
Merchant to His Son.

This is one of the most popular of tile new
hooks. The father is a successful pork packer
of Chicago without education or culture.
The son is a young man just out of college
with both education and refinement, who is
trying to make a place for himself in the
East. The son does not get on very fast,
and the father writes him from time to time.

It is a most interesting book, and few
hooks of recent publication have had so large

a sale. »

You may earn one or more of these books in this way. Make your selection
when you send the order, and the book will go to you by first mail after your order
is received.

THE RURAL NEW-VORHEK, 409 Pearl St., /V. V.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

937

PUBLISHER’S DESK.

Our new book, “The Farmer’s Garden,”
is going out every clay now by the thou¬
sand, and we are receiving many kind and
hearty words of praise for it. The fol¬
lowing letter was written by Mr. Field to
a customer and found its way to us. Com¬
ing from so well-known an authority and
in such a confidential capacity, we could
hardly help feeling a pride in it:

There is only one book I know of that will
give you just the details you want about a
garden. It is a good one, however, and I
know will suit you. It is the new book just
recently brought out by The Rural New-
Yorker. The lxx>k is the best, thing I know
of in that line. henry field.

Shenandoah, Iowa.

Flerc is another from a well-known edi¬
tor, now on the staff of The Farm Jour¬
nal. We appreciate his estimate of the
book because we know he is familiar with
this class of literature:

I am pleased to say the book arrived, and
1 have given as yet but a hasty review,
yet it is plain to me that it is a most valu¬
able work, and you should have a good sale
With it. The truth is that we have been
having very limited literature on this sub¬
ject such as can best lie mastered by the
farmer. We have good scientific books, but
ibe average farmer is not in position to
grasp much of the meaning given. “The
Farmer's Garden” tells in plain words just
what must be done, and from what I can
see, there is not a waste line in it. I shall
place it among my reference books.

Hammonton, N. J. Michael ic. boxer.

We have space for onlv one of the many
that come from regular subscribers. Flerc
it is :

“The Farmer’s Garden” arrived this morn¬
ing, and I have looked it over since supper
with much pleasure. I want to congratulate
you upon compiling so neat a little volume,
which covers the ground so fully, and from
each standpoint is written by specialists.

I think it will be a great help to many in
having a garden with a larger variety and
earlier in season. 'Hie chapters upon start¬
ing plants in hotbeds, and transplanting and
disease especially commend themselves to me
as* being of benefit to nearly everyone to
whom the lx>ok will come. I will try to get
others to subscribe so they may get “The
Farmer’s Garden.” c. b. f.

Massachusetts.

A new subscriber who just got “The
Farmer’s Garden” writes that he is so
pleased with it that he also wants the
“Business Flen,” which we published and
distributed last year, and asks us to quote
the price of it so that he can remit for
it. All this bears out our contention that
there are thousands of farmers who would
be glad to have these books and the paper,
if they knew of their value. Many old
subscribers are sending in new names.
More than ever before ; but there is room
for many more.

Now, we have one especial request to
make tin’s week. Every year we have a
great pride in the record of subscriptions
received the day after New Years. It is
the first business day of the New Year,
and it is regarded as an indication of
what is to follow for the remainder of the
year. For several years in succession we
have on this particular day exceeded the
record uf the previous year. Last year
it was the biggest day we ever had, so
you see what we have to do this year to
exceed that record or even equal it. We
want to ask you to help us beat the
record again. Send renewal so as to reach
us by Tuesday morning. We cannot
give you the report next week ; but we
shall tell you the following week just
what the result has been. We have nearly
10.000 more subscriptions expiring in De¬
cember this vear than we had last De¬
cember, and we look with confidence to
a better record than last year for the
first mail of the new year. Your interest
will do it. We expect to mail at least
2,000 copies of “The Farmer’s Garden,”
on that day. One will go at night to
every subscription received during the
day.

’i bis is our last word to our friends for
the old year. Looking back we see many
things that we might have done to serve
you better than we did. All that we can
say is that we faithfully and honestly did
the best that we knew how for the time
being. We can make no more earnest
effort for the year to come, but profiting
by experiences of the past, we hope to
make the 52 issues of 1906 more helpful
to you than any previous year in the his¬
tory of the paper. We shall spare no ef¬
forts to that end, and with this assurance
of our future devotion to your interest, we
include our best wishes for a prosperous
and happy New Year for yourselves and
all who are near and dear to you.

AILMENTS OF THE HEN .

Sick Hen ; Grain Ration.

I had recently a small flock of hens sent
down to me from New Hampshire. One of
them seems to have difficulty in standing up
straight on her feet. She sinks down and
waddles along, often stopping to repose on
the floor. (I keep the hens In a barn). What
can be the matter with her? She is very
ragged, almost naked in spots. Do you edn-
sider Mr. Mapes's mixture, as given in “The
Business Hen,” good for a Winter mash, giv¬
ing no dry food? As I remember it was
wheat bran, wheat middlings, cracked corn
and animal meal. I want to make my hens
lay this Winter if possible. They are
Barred Rocks. f. s. M.

The symptoms seem to show a rheumatic
affection or they may be caused by the result
of some injury. Feed cooling food, as bran,
rice, green food, skim-milk. Avoid condi¬
ments, meat, corn and stimulating rations.
Add 30 grains of bicarbonate of soda (com¬
mon baking soda) to the quart of drinking
water. See that the quarters are dry and
free from drafts. The ragged appearance
and loss of feathers may only be a severe
moult. Isolate the affected fowl for a few
days. Mr. Mapes does not claim in Chapter
11 of “The Business Hen,” to force his
hens heavily in Winter. The proportions of
his mash are : wheat bran, five pounds ; wheat
middlings, five pounds: cracked corn, 10
pounds; cornmeal, 10 pounds; animal meal,
two pounds, wet up to a crumbly mash with
skim-milk. Most breeders feed whole grain
once a day. If you wish to feed grain, try
a mixture equal parts corn and wheat and
slightly increase the amount of meat in the
mash. Supply some vegetable food, as
steamed clover, beets, or cabbage. Such
things add vaiiety to the ration, and so serve
as an appetizer, besides helping tone up the
system. The first of these answers applies
only to the sick fowl ; when she recovers do
not treat her any different from the rest
of the flock.

Growth on Pullet's Head.

I have a nice pullet with a lump at the
corner of her month the size of a woman’s
thimble and as hard. IIow shall I cure it?

Brookfield, Vt.

This bird may have some kind of a horny
growth, or it may be a fibrous humor or even
tuberculous growth, but the probability is
if the fowl is bright, healthy and active,
that it is nothing harmful. As long as she
appeared well I would only regard it as an
eyesore, but should the hen be ailing, kill
at once, burn the body or bury it deep, and
disinfect the henhouse with hot lime wash.

LI. T.

White-comb in Turkeys.

I have noticed in the last few days ory
sores on my turkeys’ heads and necks. Would
you let me know a remedy if you have one?
The places seem to grow in size, and are
hard lumps, with the dry sore on top, and
some of the places are small. e. mck.

From the symptoms the birds appear to be
suffering from a skin disease known as
“white-comb,” baldness, or more properly
favus. It also attacks mankind, dogs, cats,
and rodents. Favus in birds usually com¬
mences upon the comb or other fleshy parts
of the head and gradually extends to the
skin of the body. It is manifested by light
gray round or circular spots from pinhead
to dime size that gradually increase in size.
A thin crust forms on these spots, developing
in concentric deposits, raised at the border
and depressed in the center, forming cup¬
shaped hollows, with the scale often one-
quarter inch thick. The skin under these
crusts is slightly excoriated. The feathers
become dry and brittle, and break or fall
off, and the cups are around the base of the
feather. At first the general health of the
bird does not appear to suffer, but in time the
appetite fails and the bodily forces become
exhausted. The birds are said to give off an
odor similar to that from moldy cheese.
Favus is caused by a fungus called Aehorion
Schondeinii. Under a microscope the mois¬
tened crusts are seen to be made up of
mycelial threads held together by a gummy
substance which it secretes. Spores are
visible both within the filaments and in a
free condition. Favus yields readily to treat¬
ment if taken in time. Rub the crusts off
gently but thoroughly with a spoon handle.
Do not cause bleeding if possible to avoid it.
Dress the affected parts once a day with ben¬
zine one part, soft soap 20 parts, mixing well
together, or for slight cases the same amount
of carbolic acid may be substituted. A more
dangerous but stronger remedy is three grains
of nitrate of silver mixed with half an ounce
of vaseline, Carefully rub on the sore place.
Separate the ailing from the well birds, and
disinfect the sheds or houses with lime wash
and crude carbolic acid, or any of the coal
tar disinfectants. The treatment should alle¬
viate or even cure the disease in a few days
unless the cases are very severe. H. t.

CHD CAI ET ANU FE-

1 V/F\ OMLL MALE ELK at

■"he Michigan School fgj the Deaf. Fliut, Michigan.

PISOS CURE FOR

to

TO

h

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS

Cn

u

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good.

O

in

Use in time. Sold by druggists. 1

H

(M

V)

CONSUMPTION

“Let the Incubator Pay"

We do not ask you to deposit Twelve or Fifteen
Dollars in the Bank. Just send us a

ONE DOLLAR BILL

pinned to this advertisement and wo will ship you
this strictly high grade I4u egg incubator. Kx
amine it. Testit Compare it with other machines.
Give it a thirty day trial and if it does not make
good send it back— your money will bo returned.
If it is O. K. remit cash or you can pay monthly

at rate of _ •

50 CENTS PER WEEK,

FOR TWENTY WEEKS.

The Premier Incubator is a winner. We use It in
our Hatchery and know its excellent qualities or
we could not make the above
offer. Fine Catalogs may sell
Incubators, but they do not
make Fine Hatches. Ours is
not the only good Incubator,
but it is ONE OF TIIE
BUST and we ship the In¬
cubator to complete the bar¬
gain rathertli utheCatalog.

If you want our book “ Pithy
Pointers” send a two cent
stamp. It states the case for
Protitable Poultry Culture. C. TI. MANLEY,
Dept 19, Premier Incubator Works, St,
Johns, Michigan.

40, 60 or 90 Days Trial on

Old Trusty”

The Easy Machine to Operate.

You run no risk. Five yoar guar
anteo. Strongest hatches — less
care — less oil — most profit. Don’t
pay two prices. Thousands sold. We
sell direct. Big 1906 Book Free.

M. M. Johnson Co.,

Clay Center, Neb.

R

MELROSE STOCK FARM.

Cincinnatus, N. Y.

90

VIRGINIA FARMS

$8 per Acre and up

witli improvements. Good productive soil, abundant
water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail¬
road and good markets with best church, school and
social advantages. For list of farms, excursion rates
and our beautiful pamphlet showing what others
have accomplished, write to-day to F. H. LA
BAUME, Agrl. and Indl. Agt., Norfolk & Western
Ry., Box 17, Roanoke, Va.

fafloRFOLKWESTER

v*Oiiijiuia anh (<5l)io £ine

Rronze Turkeys, Wolf strain. Extra size and plum¬
age, mated not akin ; from N. Y. winners. Holstein
cattle all ages. Fulmer G. Decker, So. Montrose, Pa.

DURK BRED BLACK TURKEYS, R. (’. 15.

1 Leghorn cockerels, and ferrets, at SHADY LAWN
FERRET FARM, Now London, Ohio.

FOR SALE. — Purebred Barred and W. Plymouth
Rock Cockerels, $2.00 each. Eggs in season.

W. C. GOODING, Eagle Bridge, N. Y.

COLLIE PUPS,

R. I. RED COCKERELS, Plffis,

WALTER SHERMAN, 25 Boulevard, Newport, R,I.

For Sale— Fox and Rabbit Hounds.

Choice PUPS now ready to ship for $5.00 each.
MELVIN THOMAS, R. F. D. No. 1, Wayville,
Saratoga, County, N. Y.

RAPRFn BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH

Rocks, White Wyandottes, White
Minorcas, Brown Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin
Ducks, $2.00 each; $7.50 for trio. EDWARD G.
NOONAN, Marietta, Lancaster County, Penna.

LIVE PARRITQ WANTED,

WILD ICADul I v) Large numbers.
E. B. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich St., New York

EGISTERRO ANGORA GOATS.— I ’airs or
trios. REGISTERED RAMBOUILLET RAMS.
Write for prices and information.

iie Sin'Ai'T.' BiBM i

INDRUROID

ROOFING

Requires no Coating or
Paint.

Acid and Alkali Proof.
Elastic and Pliable
Always.

Strong; and Tough.
Absolutely Waterproof
Climatic Changes Do Not
Affect It.

Practically Fire Proof.
Can Be Used on Steep or
Flat Surfaces.

Any Workman Can Put
It On.

No Odor.

Will not Shrink or Crack
Light in Weight.

Does not Taint Water.

Write for samplos, prices and
circulars.

H. F. WATSON CO.

ERIE, PA.

Chica;

g°

Mi

ention R.N.-Y.

Boston.

SHOEMAKER’S

BOOK on

POULTRY

and Almanac for 1 906 contains 224 pages, with
many fine colored plates of fowls truo to life.
It tells all about chickens, their care, diseases
and remedies. All about Incnbat.ors and how to
operate them. All about poultry houses and
how to build them. It** reallyan encyclopaedia
ofchickendom. You need it. Price onlylocts.
C.t.SIlOEMAKEK, Box 487, FHEEPOKT,ILL.

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.

We have a choice lot of early-hatched W. H. Tur¬
keys at $4 each, both young Toms and Hens. B. F.
WRIGHT, Route 23, Ransomville, Niagara Co., N. Y.

unucRQ FOR squab breeding -jumbo,

IIUIill.no $1 per pair. Extra large and very prolific
breeders. Semi for free pamphlet. PROVIDENCE
SQUAB CO., 772 Hope Street, Providence. R. I.

Qerkshire pigs $5 up, pairs not related. W. H. turkeys,
u B. Orpington cockerels, B. R. Pullets and cockerels,
female collie pups. Stock pure. Lothers,$Laek, Pa.

War's Poultry. Pigeons, Parrots, Dogs, Cats.
Ferrets, etc. Eggs a specialty. CO p. book. 10c.
Rgjps free. J. A. BEKGEY.JBox 8,Tclford,Pa,

DARRED ROCK COCKERELS, Ringlet strain,
u good ones $1.50 to $3.00 each, if ordered soon.

J. W. COX, New Wilmington, Pa.

BLUE RIBBON

Strain of choice Plymouth Rocks. Fine Barred Pullet-
bred Cockerels for sale. Also, pairs, trios, and breed¬
ing pens. H. C. HAND, Amagansett, N. Y.

EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS

Winners at N, Y. State Fair, 1004-05. Trios, $5. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5.00 per 100. Catalogue
free. C. H. ZIMMER, R. D. 41, Weedsport, N. Y.

Choice W. Holland and Buff Turkeys.

HARRY PROUTY, Cumberland, Ohio.

LIGHT BRAHMAS,

ROCKS, the best pure stock.

J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.

I IGHT BRAHMAS, prize stock, A few good birds.
^ C. GORDON, R. F. D. 1, Sprakers, N. Y.

POULTRY

lOOOOOOOOO

We keep ev-

_ _ I _ M erything in the J

(POULTRY LINE-Fencing, Feed, Incu-5
ibators. Live Stock, Brooders— anything— ,
Pjit’s our business. Call or let us send you!
Qour Illustrated Catalogue — it’s free for the J
q asking — it's worth having. (

O Excelsior Wire & Poultry Supply Co.,<

Q Dcp I. G . 26 & 28 Vesey Street. New York City. <

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IDEAL ALUMINUM LEG BAND

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CHEAPEST AND BEST

12 for 15c., 25— S0c., 60— 50c., 100— 75e.
Frank Myers, Mfr„ Box 57, Freeport, III.

Get An Incubator

made by “the man who knows”—
founded on 20 years experience.

You can make money withMiller’f

IDEAL INCUBATORS

and Brooders; absolutely auto¬
matic and self-regulating. Positively Lowest Prloes.
Handsome 128 page Poultry Book free.

J. W. MILLER CO., Box 97, Freeport. Illinois.

$1. PER MONTH

to $2. per month rents any incubator.
Rent pays for it. Wo Pay the Freight.

40 Days Trial a‘ same pjices- Buy

- - * , ■ plans and parts and

build one. Prices, ready to use: 50 egfj
85.00; 100 egg 89; 200 812.75. Brood¬

ers, 8.2.50 up. Guaranteed. Catalog free.

Springfield, O.

Ilnrv Incubator, the hatcher

IIIOj - ’ YOU WANT .

Bocauso itlfl easy to operate, being self
regulating, self moistening and self venti¬
lating. The ventilation is positive. Noth¬
ing loft to chance. Economical In the use
of oil.

90 DAYS TRIAL.

Pon’tfall to Investigate the Quincy. It’«
different from others and our offer is
tho most liberal. Prices low. Send, for
Free Catalogue. It will help make more
poultry profit.

QUDfCY INCUBATOR CO., Box 39, QUINCY. ILL.

OULTRY For PROFIT

or pleasure, is easy if youf have a
1906 Pattern Standard Cyphers
s Incubator. Guaranteed to hatch more
and healthier chicks than any other.

90 DAYs TRIAL. Start right and make money.
Complete outfits for dooryard or farm. Catalogue

_ > md Poultry Guide (228 pages) free if you mention

this journal and send addresses of two nearby poultry raisers.
Address nearest office.

CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., BUFFALO, N. Y.

Boston, Chicago, New York, Kansas City or San Francisco.

The Natural
Incubator

is the incubator of right air con¬
ditions — Natural because it most
nearly approaches Nature’s way.
ous gases to stifle chicks. Walls of hard glazed
compressed paper board, (such as is used for
car-wheels) making the lightest, strongest, most
durable incubator in the world. Walls CAN¬
NOT WARP. CRACK NOR SPLIT, as all oth¬
ers do. Compound heater ; perfect regulator;
no supplied moisture required.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT
to all points east of the Mississippi. Don’t buy
an incubator until you get out Free Catalog.

Perpetual Hen Co., Manufsc- incubators & Brooders.
21 EscherSt., ‘ureraof Trenton, N.J.

$ I f>.80 For
I fc 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. If. STAHL, Quincy, Ill.

REEN BONE HAKES EGGS

Lots of them, because i t is rich iu protein ar.d all other egg elements. You get twice tho
eggs, more fertile, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier (owls, bigger profits.

IMAlVrMHZ LATEST MODEL cutsaM kinds of bone, with adhering meat

ItlMiX i V kj linvr nn

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No money in advance. F, w> MANN COif Box , „ Ma„.

938

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30,

Live Stock and Dairy

THE BERKSHIRE HOG.

I have no doubt that the majority of the
readers of The R. N.-Y. who are farmers
and stockmen will agree that of the vari¬
ous kinds of live stock bred and reared
on the farm none is more profitable year
in and year out than the hog. The farm
papers of the Western States particularly
refer to him as the “mortgage-lifter” — a
money maker. It seems to be the view of
some farmers, however, that a hog is a
hog, regardless of the great difference
there is between the scrub and the pure¬
bred, and between the various different
breeds; yet there is as great a difference
as between the “plug” and the well-bred,
magnificent trotter and draft horse. It is
no longer necessary to keep a hog two
years, nor even one, to bring him to a
marketable weight. Rather, for the high¬
est profit, he should be matured in eight
to 10 months, from Spring until Fall, as
he will grow better during the warm
months and on cheaper food, if pasturage
is provided him.

I know of no hog which so well fills
the bill for the general farmer and feeder
as the improved Large English Berkshire,
for the reason that, while they grow to
very large size, they can be fitted for the
market at any time and take on, for the
food consumed, as large gain as any other
breed. The boars often attain to 800
pounds, and. in some instances, 1,000;
those of medium size generally weigh 600
to 700. The larger sows weigh as high as
800 ; those in the medium class 500 to 600.
These weights refer to animals well grown
and in good flesh. The pigs can be fed to
400 and 500 pounds in 10 to 12 months, and
when properly handled always top the
market. Being of a broad, deep body,
broad and heavy in ham, shoulder and
back, the Berkshire is of the proper con¬
formation to weigh well and to gain in
weight rapidly. lie is an active hog, and
on that account likely to be in the best
of health. He is a good feeder, and as a
pasture hog excels. The Berkshire boar
crossed with grade sows always impresses
his rpialities on the offspring, showing
strong, pure blood. I make these few re¬
marks for the purpose of drawing the at¬
tention of the farmer to swine-raising as
a profitable feature of his business, and
to suggest a few of the reasons for the
popular favor which has been accorded
the Berkshires. c. E. stahle.

Pennsylvania; _

HOW TO SHIP LIVE STOCK.

During the extreme cold weather which
generally prevails in this northern lati¬
tude from about the first of December to
the first of March, I consider it advisable
to send all stock, old or young, by ex¬
press, just as far as possible. This is
especially true where a limited number
is to be shipped. From the strictly eco¬
nomic standpoint, the freight rate is gen¬
erally a little lower than express, but I
find in many instances exceptions to this
general rule, and there are many cases
where the express rate on a calf or a cow
will be found a little lower than the
freight rate between two given points.
Where one is sending only one or two
animals, old or young, in Winter, they will
be very apt to contract severe colds if
sent by freight. Blanketing does not en¬
tirely provide against this contingency. On
the other hand, the cow or calf, sent by
express, will be loaded into a car, kept at
a suitable temperature, and if definite in¬
structions are given, the express company,
as a rule, will feed and water, and will try
to avoid leaving the stock exposed upon
the platforms, when they are transferred
from one line to another. Great care
should be taken, however, in sending con¬
centrated feeds, as the express messenger is
not always conversant with feeding and is
quite liable to give two or three feeds in
one. My plan is to have each feed in a

separate sack, marked “one feed.” I also
have a pail attached to the crate with in¬
structions how often to water and how
much to give at a time.

Of course, all stock sent by express
must be substantially crated. The crate
which I have adopted is one which will
allow the animal to stand or lie down,
and it is cut down in front with a bunk or
feed box, so that the cow has perfect
freedom of the head and can eat her hay
and grain as handily as she could in a
swing stanchion. It is also convenient
for watering where it would be simply im¬
possible if the cow were enclosed in a
solid crate. I favor padding the inside of
the crate, for valuable stock. It is im¬
possible to provide against rough treat¬
ment at times, and it will be found that
this padding of the crate will greatly pro¬
test the animal. The certificate of tuber¬
culin test for stock, over one year old,
and the letter of instructions to the ex¬
press messengers, should be securely at¬
tached to the crate.

If one is to make a consignment of a
carload of cows, they may be sent safely
by freight, even in extremely cold weather.
A large, modern box car, properly venti¬
lated, will accommodate 16 cows very
nicely. Each cow should be provided with
a strong halter and rope, and tied at the
side of the car, eight on a side. Then
there should be sent a competent man in
charge of the stock, one who will remain
in the car with the stock, from the time
they are loaded until the time they are
delivered to the consignee. He should
have with him sufficient baled shavings
for bedding, baled hay and feed, pail,
lantern, shovel, and fork. Great care
should be observed in feeding the hay, so
that the wire is all removed from the hay.
If a piece of broken wire is left in the hay
and placed in front of the cow, she will
very likely, in one way or another, man¬
age to get it into her stomach, and this,
sooner or later, will be fatal to the life of
Tie cow. I lost one cow that was shipped
to me about a year ago, in this way, and
1 afterwards found that the wire was first
encysted in the stomach, but afterwards
broke loose and entered the heart.

I favor feeding the hay and grain on
the floor in front of the cow. Very little
of the grain will be wasted ; some of the
hay will, but that will work in for bed¬
ding. I would not advise using straw for
bedding the car. There is more or less
danger of its igniting from sparks that
may be thrown from passing engines.
Baled shavings are to be preferred, and
they should be moistened in front of the
door at the side of the car. The stock
should be fed and watered by the man in
charge, with the same regularity which
prevailed before they were placed on
board. Many times stock will refuse to
eat much grain or drink much water for
the first day or two, but after that, they
will, as a rule, eat their ordinary grain
ration and take their ordinary amount of
water. There should always be placed in
the car two barrels nearly filled with
water, and a float placed on top of each,
to prevent slopping out.

The man in charge of the car should
never fail to inform the engineer who
hauls the train that he has a carload of
valuable, registered cattle, giving the num¬
ber of the car and asking considerate
treatment. Many engineers are very
rough in handling the cars, and where
there is much switching to be done the
stock often suffers, but a competent herds¬
man will not hesitate quickly to remon¬
strate when occasion arises, and if his
remonstrance is disregarded, will demand
of the engineer that he either cut the live
stock car out or handle it properly, and
if this is not sufficient, be will go to the
nearest telegraph office and lay the matter
before the freight manager. The herds¬
man should always have a thermometer in
the car, and trv to keep the temperature
as even as possible, about 60 to 65 degrees.
The stock will throw off heat sufficient to

maintain this temperature in any ordinary
weather, and where there is a full car¬
load, it will be found necessary to let in
considerable cool air at times, but drafts
are to be avoided. The cows should be
lightly blanketed when they are put in
the car, and the blankets should not be
removed until they are placed in the sta¬
bles, and even then, care should be exer¬
cised to see tb-f they do not catch cold.
1 usually send erson in charge of the
stock, although ing the busy season,
1 sometimes have iwo or three men out
at one time. Each man is provided with
the rules for shipping stock. He knows
just how often he may unload his stock,
if desired, just how often the trainmen
shall give him an opportunity to water,
etc. As a general rule, the buyer will do
well to have the seller provide him with
a herdsman to accompany the stock and
to make all necessary arrangements for
the shipment. When young calves are to
be shipped in the same car with matured
animals, they should be placed in one end
of the car, and a substantial partition
erected between them and the cattle.

HORACE L. BRONSON.

Cortland Co., N. Y. _

Vv hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8.

FUR ROBES, COATS, MITTENS

at first cost. Ship us your cattle, horse, mule and
animal skins. We tan and manufacture toordor. Soft,
pliable, wind, water and moth proof. Samples free.
Galloway coats and robes for sale at wholesale prices.

Milford Kobe & Tanning Co., Milford, Indiana

SPRINGBANK HERD

of Pedigree BERKSHIRES

FLORETTA’S litter of Pigs by Grand
Premier, 8000') farrowed June 12, are beauties. Floretta
is the dam of the Champion Boar Nutmeg, at N Y
State Fair in 1903. Grand Premier, 80005, is the best
bred son of N. H. Gentry’s Lord Premier. 50001. They
are all for sale— and are champion material— also
some sows bred for Fall litters.

J. E. WATSON, Prop. Marbledale, Conn.

RFfi fl I fi SWINF of a11 ages Both

IILUi Ui li U i O I* 1 11 L sexes from the right
place. CEDAR LAWN FARM, Ludlowville, N. Y.

IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRES “

hog. Pigs of all ages from imported stock for sale.
MEADOW BROOK STOCK FARM, Rochester. Mich.

Ofl PIGS, August and September farrow,
■ ■■ Ui also mature sows. Bred and registered;
choice stock, prices low. S. T. WITHER, Union
Deposit, Pa.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires and C. Whites.

8 wks. and older, mated not akin. Ser¬
vice Boars, have stock returned, re¬
fund money if not satisfactory. Reg.
_ _ Holsteins, Heifers, Bulls and Cows

in Calf. Hamilton A Co . Erclldoun, Chester Co., Pa.

O. I. C. PIGS

Five strains not akin; Aug. and Sept, farrow.
Registered stock: prices low.

F. J. SCHWARTZ, East Pharsalia, N.

BERKSHIRE SOWS.

ported boar and well bred dams.
907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Y.

A few good ones
cheap from my iro-
R. F. SHANNON.

Large Eng. Berkshires

Imported and Domestic Strains. Matings not akin.
Descriptive circulars on application.

WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.

LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIRES

Imported. Pedigreed.

FOR ^ A I p— Young stock sired by Boar im-
1 OAL.L, ported from England l»=t fnii

ingland last Fall.
Mothers from-the best Canadian and English families.
Both sexes, 4 to 12 weeks old.^N EY pa„l,
Mated not akin . cdLH

Write for particulars.

BEAVER LODGE, Ransomville, N.Y.

QURHPQUIRF RAMC Prize winners. 1m-

OnnUroninL IlHITIOi ported and home bred.

Large and heavy wooled.

NUTWOOD FARMS, R. F. D. 4, Syracuse. N. Y.

KENTUCKY JACKS

AND STALLIONS.

One hundred head of

Jacks, Jennets, Saddle
and Trotting stallions.

for sale reasonable,

J. F. COOK & COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.
Branch barn, Marion, Kansas.

FOR SALE

■-45 Head of SHETLAND
PONIES— Blacks, Bays and
Fancy Spotted. Some fine
mated teams. Prices, $55.00 to $100,00.

GEORGE ARNETT, Pony Farm, Springfield, Ohio.

ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS

Send postal card for 64 page illustrated pamphlet,
describing this great breed of rattle.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Brattleboro, Vt.

Pure Bred Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves

From Registered and Record stock. ALFALFA
SOIL from lots that have raised alfalfa for the past
five years. Prices moderate. Write promptly.

W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, New York.

CYTDJI LARGE REGISTERED three yearling
FA I IlH Guernsey Bulls for sale at a bargain.
MARTIN R. GOOD, What Cheer Farm, Narvon, Pa.

WOODLAND

—Shorthorn Cattle and
Tunis Sheep. W. I.
WOOD, Williamsport, O.

Seldom See

a big knee like this, but your horse
may have a bunch or bruise on his
Ankle, Hock, Stifle, Knee or Throat.

ABSORBINE

will clean them off without laying
the horse up. No blister, no hair gone.
$2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 10-B
free. ABSORBINE, JR., for man¬
kind, $1.00 Bottle. Removes Soft
Bunches, Cures YaricoseVeins. Allays
_ Pain. Genuine mfd. only by

W. F. YOUNG, P.D. F., 88 MonmouthSt,. Springfield, Mass.

Tuttle’s Elixir

Sovereign Horse Remedy

We offer $100. for any case of
colic, curb, splint or lameness it
fails to cure when we say cure is
possible. Onr great book, "Vet¬
erinary Experience,” free. 100

pages, a perfect guide. Send for copy#

Tuttle’s Elixir Co.,

i 30 Beverly St., Boston. Mass.

AS THEY

sometimes

ARE

V

“SAVE -THE- HORSE”

Registered Trade Mark

SFAVIW CTJHE

Write us before you fire or blister.
You will then appreciate why our
written guarantee is a legal, absolutely
binding contract to protect you.

“Save-the-Horse” permanently
cures Spavin, Ringbone (except low
Ringbone), Curb. Thoroughpin, Splint,
Shoe Boil, Wind Puff, Injured Tendons
and all Lameness without scar or loss of
hair. Horse may work as usual.
q*e.oo per (Kittle with written guarantee.

^ Send for copy, also booklet and score* »r
l etters on every kind of case and lameness. De¬
scribe your ow n case.

At all druggists aud dealers or express paid.

Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N.Y

IT’S A FACT

That we now have more young cows of milking age
than we can possibly stable this coming Winter.
They are bred to such bulls as DeKol 2d’s Butter
Boy 3d, Beryl Wayne's Paul DeKol, and the imported
bull Karel Bos 1st, PRIZE and CHAMPION at the
New York State Fair. We will make a reduction in
price in all lines. This is an opportunity you should
not overlook. Send for further particulars and folder.
THE STEVENS HERD. Established 1876.

HENRY STEVENS & SON,
Brookside Stock Farm, Lacona, N. Y,

uni CTCIM Dill I FOR SALE. “Adelbert
nULolLlN DULL Soldene” 392.59.

Born Oct 15, 1904. Little more black than white.
Sire, “Soldene Clothilde Artis”, Sire of 9 A. R. O.
daughters whose dam made 544.7 lbs. milk, 21
lbs. 13 oz. butter 7 days.

Dam, "Felicia 3d” at 3 years made 411.7 lbs. milk, 15
lbs. 14.9 oz. butter.

This one will please you. Will be sold cheap.

T. A. MITCHELL, WEEDSFOKT, N.Y.

Rkgist’d Jersey Cattle, Lin¬
coln, Shropshire. Hamp¬
shire and South Down Sheep;
Chester White, Poland China
and Berkshire Pigs; Scotch
(Collie Dogs and a variety of
Poultry. Come see my
stock and make your own
selections. Send 2c. stamp
Fancy of Karcka 130891 for New Catalogue.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Penna

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE.

YEARLING BULLS, YEARLING HEIFERS
BULL CALVES. HEIFER CALVES,

A. R. O, COWS, ALL AGES.

Correspondence solicited. Visitors welcomed.

WingK. Smith, Lakeland Farm, Syracuse, N. Y.

No More Blind Horses Moon blindness and other

sore eyes, BARRY CO,,IowaCity. Iowa, have sure cure

ABEROEEH-AHGUS CATTLE.

Seven young Bulls now ready for service. Get of
Imp. ELFLOCK and PRINCE BARBARA. Write
for pedigree, description and prices.

MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del,

STAR FARM HOLSTEIHS

Official records from the office of the Supt. of Ad¬
vanced Registry:

1st. Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline Count, No. 29642, son
of Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline, to-day’s World’s
Champion Cow. Official record in seven days
34.31 lbs. butter.

2nd. Mercedes .Tulip’s Pietertje’s Paul, No. 29830. son
of the 1900 World’s Champion Cow. Official seven
day record, 29.34 lbs. butter.

None but a reckless person will dispute official
records. These are the TWO GREATEST SER¬
VICE BULLS IN THE WORLD, and they head
STAR EARM HERD. The largest and best herd
of registered Holsteins in the world.

300 Head to select from 300

4 p. c. aSVst* 4,2 p.c,

illustrated circulars and literature sent free on
application.

Horace L. Bronson, Dept. D, Cortland, N. Y.

PF* I also have for sale the choicest line of grade
Holsteins ever before offered.

Holstein-Friesian Bull Cafves

FOR SALE.

From choice A. R. O. Dams, and by such sires as
lleryl Waynes Paul DeKol and Sir Korndyke Manof
DeKol. We will make attractive prices on these
youngsters as they must be disposed of to make room
for our crop of Winter Calves. Write for prices o»
anything needed in Holstein-Friesians.

WOODCREST FARM, Rifton, Ulster Co.. N.Y.

THE BLOOMING DALE HERD OF

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS
are bred for large Production, Good Size, Strong
Constitution, Best Individuality.

If these are the kind you want write or come to see
them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sex£s
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you.

A special offer on some nicely bred Bull Calves.

A. A. CORTELYOU, Neshanic, N. J

LSTEIN CATTLE

i. BERKSHIRE SWIHE
B. WHITE LEGHORHS

All of the Very Highest quality.

If you desire the best to be had at a reasonable price, write us
at once, stating just what you want. We guarantee perfect
satisfaction to every customer who trusts us with an order.

c M KNAPP ft SON. - FABIUS. N. Y.

1905.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

939

BRIEF DAIRY NOTES.

We brought home the last load of apple
pomace November 1, and are sorry the
season has ended, as apples were not
plentiful, and we only had about six
weeks’ feeding of it, but it has helped out
much, and the silage will last so much
longer. We pay 50 cents per load for all
two horses can draw up our hills, going
a mile for it, a-nd a load weighing 3,300 to
3,600 makes two good feeds for 60- cows;

We opened one silo November 15 that
was filled mostly with rather dry mature
sweet corn. It was so dry we put an inch
hose on after filling, and let it run several
hours. We overdid the wetting on top,
and found over a foot spoiled where there
ought not to have been over four to six
inches. Under this was fine, but a little
less water would have been better.

We had a 50-pound sample bag of a new
calf feed sent to us to be used with skim-
milk, either in the milk or fed dry. We
do not like to mix the feed with milk,
preferring to feed dry. We tried this
feed, which by the way retails at about
$3 per 100, with six different calves, and
couldn’t get one to cat it. Suffice to say
that we shall keep on feeding bran and
mixed feed at $1 per 100, which the calves
e-njoy, and which we know is good for
them.

Hides are away up, and when green un¬
tanned ones bring more per pound than
the beef hind quarters it doesn’t pay to

fool away even bologna cows. We butch-^
ered last week a two-year-old Jersey heif¬
er, that seemed to think making milk not
i-n her line ; the best offer we could get
for her was $18; sold by the quarter at
five cents and seven cents and nine cents
for hide, this came to $27.50, which paid
well for the butchering, and will help
mightily toward paying for a good cow to
take her place. Another of the same class
butchered comes to ovct $30. and these are
the small runts that people complain about
as not being worth anything when you
are through milking them. ix. g. m.

A YOUNG HOLSTEIN BULL

Korndyke Butter Boy, see Fig. 429, is
owned and bred by Henry Stevens & Son,
Lacona, N. Y. He was first prize bull
calf at the New York State Fair this year,
and also champion bull under two years
old at the same fair. He is an animal of
high individual merit, and shows much
constitution and vitality, which is one of
the characteristics of the Korndyke fam¬
ily. 1 1 is dam, Korndyke Queen De Kol,
has official records of 24 pounds 6.7 ounces
butter in seven days, 98 pounds 5.6 ounces
butter in 30 days, and over 437 pounds in
six months. She is the only cow ever offi¬
cially tested for six months. Her dam,
Belle Korndyke. has an official seven-day
butter record of 25 pounds 12.3 ounces,
and four daughters, with official records
(two as four-year-olds) that average 21.77
pounds butter in seven days. Her record,
combined with theirs, gives an average
for the five of 22.57 pounds, a showing
that is not equaled in official test by any

other cow and her daughters. De Kol
2d's Butter Boy 3d, the sire of Korndyke
Butter Boy, has 40 daughters in the official
list, seven have records of over 20 pounds
butter in seven days. Messrs. Stevens &
Son have decided to retain this bull in
their own herd, as he combines the blood
in a strong degree, of what they believe to
be the two greatest families of tile breed,
the De Kol aild Koriidyke.

IN A MASSACHUSETTS DAIRY.

As a rule the simple method is the
better one. As to feeding silage, for most
the basket method is well. There may be
instances where it is fed upon a large
scale and stock so arranged that distance
to be traveled is a large factor, in which
case a carrier may well come into play;
My fafming — stock feeding and stock
growing — has covered many years, and
the growth of the barn has been by piece¬
meal. At first it accommodated three cows,
one horse and a pair of oxen. Now the
various apartments cover Pearly 60, cows,
about 20 young cattle and 12 horses.
Cattle that ate fed silage ate in seven
strings, and so arranged as to be easy of
access. We have one silo 14 feet square
by 30 in depth. If we could find a place
on the farm for a second one would like
to have it, for by January 1 we shall have
fed enough shock corn to fill a second
large one. The corn now being fed was
put into large shocks when about right

stage for the silo, and that will last so
far into Winter that the silage will reach
green rye in the Spring. We do not count
much upon pasture, but give green feed
of rye, wheat and vetch, Crimson clover,
peas and oats, barnyard millet, corn,
beans, cow peas — and latest barley. If I
had abundance of good pasture I would
like it. as much labor is saved ; still we
get along quite well, as we have many
modern implements and machines to save
labor; besides, our fields are now clear of
rocks and stone fences. More than 6,000
tons have gone into macadam roads, and
nearly half as many more put out of the
way in various places. .No road fences or
hedgerows to bother, and one field of 20
acres about one-half mile in length and
another just 160 rods long by 32 in width,
so you can see that a rod in width counts
an acre. Where rocks are out of the way
and there is little turning a man with
three horses abreast can do quite a job
of work in a day. Grass is cut with long-
cut mowers, raked with side-delivery rake,
put on with hay loaders, and put off by
horse power. Corn is cut and bound with
harvester, so that most of the labor is
done by horse power. Water is pumped
both by wind and steam, and sent into the
barn warm to about 100 degrees from No¬
vember to May. g. w. h.

Rochester, Mass.

Streaks in Butter. — E. S. L., Madison.
Tnd., on page 875, asks the cause of streaks
in butter. T think if he will examine his
churn he will find iron in connection with
his cream while churning: nails in the dash,
iron dust from journals, or possibly dirt may
have got into the cream. Anyone of these
things would cause streaks in the butler.
Clean salt could not stain butter.

Portland, Ind. u. e. m.

YOUNG HOLSTETN BULL KORNDYKE BUTTER BOY. Fig. 429.

More Than Clean Skimming

Of course you want that. But you want something
fnore. Separating cream is an every day, twice a day
job. You want a handy machine. Do you know that
the boasted clean skimming of many separators is at¬
tained at the expense of convenience? That's all
changed in the new t

PAPEC SEPARATOR.

Built on a new plan. Its seven gallon reservoir only
36 inches high. A child can fill it and a child can turn
it. So simple it’s almost impossible for it to get out of
order. You’ll take new interest in dairying and make
better profits if you buy the right separator. It’s to
your interest to investigate the Papec. Let us send
you catalogue, free.

THE PAPEC MICH. CO.. Box 10, LIMA, N. Y.

Demand a Look Inside

DAIRY TUBULAR BOWL — All Apart

“Bucket bowl” separator makers falsely claim to make separators with light, simple, easy-
to-wash bowls. We are the only makers who dare show a picture of our bowl — all others
refuse. There are secret difficulties about other bowls the makers want to hide. Pictures
would betray them. Other makers fear pictures. Our handsome Catalog Z-153 tells those
secrets. Write for it today.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

Toronto. Can. WEST CHESTER, PA. Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT FACTS
FOR COW OWNERS

The mechanical Cream Separator has become a
vital feature of every home dairy just as of every
butter factory.

Its use means much more and much better
cream and butter, as well as saving of water, ice,
time and room '

The difference in results is not small but big.
Few cows now pay without a separator. Dairying
is the most profitable kind of farming with ono.

98% of the creamery butter of the world is
now made with DE LAVAL machines and
there are over 600, 000 farm users besides.

Send for new 1906 catalogue and name of
nearest local agent.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

Randolph & Canal Sts.

CHICAGO

74 CORTLAf'DT ST.

HEW YORK

A Leffel Engine

The stand-by wherever steam
is used. Steam Is the
only depeni lable power.

Leffel Engines adapt it
to farm uses. Horizon¬
tal, Upright, Portable.
Famous for quick
steaming On little fuel.

1’ower when wanted,
all you want. Be¬
fore you buy a
power read our
book, Power Econ¬
omy and E I 1 1 c I -
ency. Mailed tree.

Write for It.

The James
Leffel ft Co.,

Box 1 60, i o “
Springfield, Ohio.

Climax Carrier.

Feed, Ensilage, Litter.

A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from
silo or bin to manger, carries mauuro from all
stablings to sume pile or dumps on wagon. Easy
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel.
Straight or curved tracks to rim anywhere and suit
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular.

Warsaw-Wilkinson Co.,

50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.

SEND US
A COW,

Steer, Bull or Horse hide,

Calf skin, Dog skin, or any
other kind of hide or skin, an 1
let us tan it with the hair on,
soft, light , odor less and moth¬
proof, for robe, rug, coat or
gloves.

But first get our Catalogue giving
prices, ana our shipping tags and
instructions so as to avoid mistakes.

We also manufacture and sell direct
to consumer, G allow ay and other fur
coats and robes. Prices given in
catalog. We buy raw furs but no ___
ginseng. Ask for raw fur price list.

THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY.

116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost — with the «.

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its
kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬
drons, etc. ssr Send for circulars.
D. R. SPERRY & CO., Batavia, IIL

ftrmtr’s Favorite
Feed Cooker

’Is tho model for cooking feed
'and best adapted to water heat¬
ing, apple butter and sugar
making, etc.— a score of uses.

It’s mado to last. Weight
greater than any other cooker
of same low price. Write to¬
day for circular. Sent free on request.
L. R, Lewis, 12 Main SI. Cortland, N.Y.

t y-k^

rt

V a

xSsWfB'
1? «

End

\Oi

is the Investment end.

If the food makes it9
proper amount of flesh,
then the cost is well in¬
vested. If a large part of the food is
wasted through poor digestion or non¬
assimilation, then feeding becomes an
expense rather than an investment.

DBHESS
STOCK md

Is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D. V.8.)
containing tonics for the digestion, iron for
the blood, nitrates to expel poisonous ma¬
terials from the system, laxatives to regulate
the bowels. The ingredients of Dr. Hess Stock
Food are recommended by the Veterinary
Colleges and the Farm Papers. Recognized
as a medicinal tonic and a laxative by our
own Government, and sold on a written
guarantee at

per lb. in 100 lb. sacks; / Exe.pt in c»n.d»
2o lb. pail $1.60. (west and South.

A tablespoonful per day for the average
hog. Less than a penny a day for horse,
cow or steer.

If your dealer cannot supply you, we will.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.

5*

Learn Why

•You Should

Buy The

MONARCH MILL

If you are interested it will pay yon to send at once for
our catalogue, and learn why a Monarch Mill is the best
for you to have. We explain every detail fully and we
back i t a! I up with our guarantee that covers everything.
In the interests of better milling methods drop us a
postal at once for a copy. It's Free.

SPROUT, WALDRON & CO., P. 0. Box 263 Muncy, Pa.

94o

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

December 30, 1905.

BUY DIRECT FROM FAOTORY, BES1

MIXED PAINTS

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE
For Houses, Barns, Roofs, all colors, and SA VE Dealers
profits. In use 61 years. Officially Endorsed by the
Orange. Low prices will surprise you Write for Samples.
0. W. INGERSOLL, 240 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

GOOD INCOMES FOR ALL

25to30 percentcoinmisHioii

to get order* for our celebrated Tea*,
Coffees, Spices, Extracts and Baking
Powder. Beautiful Presents and Coupons
with every purchase. CHANGES PAID
For prompt attention address Mr. J. J. D.
care of

THE OKEAT AMERICAS TEA CO.,

P. 0. Box 289, 81-38 Vesey 8t., New York

Far less than any other mill of standard make.
The difference is clear gain. There is not now
and never has been any superior to the standard

NEW HOLLAND

FEED MILL.

Noted for fast grinding, easy running, dura¬
bility and wide range of work. Ear corn and
small grain feed mixtures, coarse or fine, table
meal, etc. Mills in different styles and sizes,
with or without elevator or bagger. Let us send
you one on free trial. No obligation to buy and
no expense if you don't like it. Catalog free.

Write for booklet on our fast cutting Wood
Saws, the best made.

New Holland Mch. Co.,

Box 115. New Holland, Pa.

FARM FENCES

like farm buildings, should be
nent Improvements,
erected, should outlast
Should stand not only
use, but also severe
a fence la an I n v e.t-
make it. Let us tell

_ you about it.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 772, Adrian.Mich.

For grinding feed or
table meal with 1 to 5
H. P. gasoline engines,

or any kind of power, grind¬
ing corn, wheat, rye, oats,
barley, etc., the

No. 2 Hero Grinder

Is unequalled in quality and
quantity of work done. Ca¬
pacity large enough for 5
horse power, and yet it will
not choke down the lightest power. Eleven
other sizes and styles for 1 to 15 horse power.
In lead over 30 years. Also wood saws, shellers,
huskers, manure spreaders, tread powers, sweep
powers, windmills, farm trucks, etc., all gua¬
ranteed full Appleton Quality. Catalog free for
the asking. Ask for it now.

APPLETON MANUFACTURING CO.
27 Fargo Street, Batavia, Ill., U. S. A.

rasa

First-

That’s the waj
Spreader.

We sell direc
giving you a fu '
Spreader, and, •
ments, which le‘
as it goes along,
able sized farm
should own a f
the best invest;

We want tc
Spreader. W<
without seein
farm for a f' Oj
satisfaction * <■— . Cr
we’ll give yoi

A Full Month
to Try.

F»J?.R

o^ l our American Manure

our factory to you. first
0 ch's free trial on every
^ accepting easy time-pay-
[.reader earn what it costs
farmer that has a renson-
fair amount of live stock,
ir* w Manure Spreader— it’s
• can make.

. * )U an American Manure
ask you to pay it outright

CftAfinrl Easy Time Payments
dGCOnQ"When You Buy.

t-S

e want you to use it on your

'ith to prove to your entire
• Q CJ- ,ry claim we mnke for it is true— and eve
' of, o pay for it. This is the most liberal offer t
— catalogue of prices and description of

even then

er ever made on a Spreader.

Ask for r-l“ 01 .e catalogue of prices and description of our nine styles of American Manure
Spreaders ii h: T zes. We will send it at once, together with our booklet "Our New Selling-Plan.”
Write n' ^ o you think of it. Address

AMERICAN HARROW CO., «636 Hastings St., DETROIT, MICH.

A Never Failing Water Supply,

with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the

Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine.

Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman.
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold
30 years ago being still in active service.

8end stamp for “ C4 ’ Catalogue to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.,

*f. Warren St. , New York. 239 Franklin St. , Bo. ton

40 Dearborn St., Chicago. *** (-rMK St.,We»t, Montreal, P. Q.

40 North 1th St., Philadelphia. 92 Pi I ta St., Sydnay, N. 8. W.

T.nlanta-Bay 11, Havana, Cuba,

American Saw Mills

LEAD THE WORLD.

Factory at doors of Iron, coal and steel production. Lowest freight
rates; prices right, too. Five sizes portable saw mills; shingle ma¬
chines; lath mills; cord wood, cut-off and rip saws; steam and gaso¬
line engines; feed mills. Free catalogue. Ask for it. Address

American Saw Mill Machinery Co.. 129 Hope St., Hackettstown, N. J.

New York City Office, 610 Engineering Building.

Point.: San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Vancouver, fit. Lou!*, New
Orleans, Atlanta, Richmond.

DeLOACH PATENT

Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw
Mills, i H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Cora
i Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels* J
a Catalog free. We pay the freight. 4

* DeLOACU MILL M’F’U. CO., Box 302 Atlanta* Ga. L

MAPLE SYRUP MAKERS!

The question is, how many trees you tap ; not how many
galvanized iron spouts you are lacking. Galvanized iron
spouts are tree killers ; Grimm Spouts lessen the injury.
The Grimm Spout permits practical reaming. One-fourth
more sap is guaranteed, or no sa e. Grimm Evaporators
and high grade tin utensils will increase your income.
Grimm Spout No. 4. Sample Spout and information of value free. Ask for

print “C.” G. H. GRIMM, Rutland* Vt., and Montreal, P. Q.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac¬
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METALWHEELCO.

BOX II HAVANA, ILL.

IF YOU WANT A MACHINE FOR

III^IH DROLLING OR
WWGII PROSPECTING

with either Rope or Pipe Tools, write to us de¬
scribing your work, stating depth of wells and
size of Bits or Drills you want. Our machines are
the latest and most durable, and the greatest
money earners ever made! Results guaranteed.

LOOMIS MACHINE CO.. TIFFIN. OHIO.

GRIND FINE OR COARSE

all feeds, ear com, with or with¬
out husks, all grains, with the

.KELLY

G_m DUPLEX

Grinding Mills

Bpee^lest, easiest running, most du¬
rable mill made. Four sixes. Espe¬
cially adapted for gasoline engines.
Use 25 percent less power than any
others. New double cutters, force
_ _ feed, no choking.

The 0. S. KELLY CO.. 157 N. Lime St. Springfield. Ohio

A EWo Trial 40 years of successful
nil KXe It I Ifll experience is why we

offer to ship on trial, the

Quaker City

MILL

Grinds ear corn and small
grain at the same time or
Separately. Ball bearing.
Freight prepaid. Lower
price than ever before. 39th Annual Catalog free.

The WAGON to BUY.

structed. Saves labor, annoy¬
ance and expense of repairs.

STEEL WHEELS

Your address on a postal will bring you freo catalog.

The Geneva Metal Wheel Co.,

Box 17, Genova. Phi/j.

GREATEST WOODSAWING OUTFIT ON EARTH

STODDARD COMBINATION

Sawing wood, two men with a
Stoddard Combi nation can do
more than twelve men without it
and do it easier, quicker, cheaper
and better. Same with any other
work requiring power.

The Stoddard Engine is always
ready. Great power and capacity.
Quickly unhitched from one ma¬
chine and hitched to another.
Absolutely safe and controllable
Can be started and operated as
readily in cold weather as in
warm. Horse power guaranteed.
Does maximum amount of work
on minimum of gasolene. “Buy
the Stoddard and You Buy the
Best.” Write for catalog E H.

STODDARD MF6. CO., Rutland. Vt.

J

Don’t Hibernate
This Winter

What’s the good of “crawling in” and shutting out
cold weather ?

You can’t do it successfuly. Old Man Winter will
avenge himself by giving you coughs, cold, sore-throat
and other “cheerful” ailments.

Winter is your vacation time; why not take a vaca¬
tion trip to California and get a spell of warm, soft,
semi-tropical summer ?

Yrou’ll come back with renewed vigor for next sea¬
son’s work— a new man.

It’s not necessary to spend a fortune on the trip
Few find it extravagant — most people find it econom¬
ical to go for a month or six weeks, avoiding cold
weather— doctors’ bills — coal bills — costly groceries.

If interested let us send you our illustrated literature
about the trip via the Rock Island and about California. It's
plentifully illustrated and covers all the points you want to
know— shows where to save money.

JOHN SEBASTIAN,

Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock Island System.

CHICAGO.

t

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